Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00000-00000000-00000405 My question is related to Bhavna Yog
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00001-00000438-00001078 we have all seen the miracle of bhavna yog
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00002-00001078-00001276 in the past 10 days
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00003-00001312-00001530 so regarding that my question to you is
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00004-00001530-00001982 in that we always keep on giving our mind a command
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00005-00001982-00002190 that I am calm
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00006-00002190-00002492 I am positive, I am a nice person
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00007-00002492-00002677 we continuously give such commands
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00008-00002678-00003146 but in real life
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00009-00003146-00003360 everywhere the environment is such
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00010-00003360-00003694 where you have to
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00011-00003694-00004254 use all sorts of politics
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00012-00004274-00004588 when you have to live in this World and do things
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00013-00004642-00005146 So on one hand we are giving a command to our mind that we
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00014-00005146-00005404 are good and do good only
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00015-00005404-00005520 on the other hand
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00016-00005532-00005730 when we live in a society
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00017-00005730-00005941 there are all types of negativity
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00018-00005941-00006183 so Maharajshri, how should we create a balance here?
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00019-00006256-00006466 You have asked a very good question?
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00020-00006614-00006931 We preach something and do something else
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00021-00007048-00007326 our emotions are pure
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00022-00007331-00007581 whereas our behavior is turning distorted
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00023-00007695-00007918 its true that a person living in a society needs to behave
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00024-00007918-00008212 the way society asks him to
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00025-00008298-00008528 And that's a very complicated situation
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00026-00008616-00009006 you have asked that early in the morning we hope for something
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00027-00009038-00009186 but end up doing the opposite
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00028-00009186-00009386 then how to create a balance
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00029-00009446-00009756 the kind of emotions and thoughts we brew in us
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00030-00009838-00010388 that will help us in not getting too involved in wrong actions
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00031-00010390-00010510 to a great extent
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00032-00010579-00010847 if you do bhavna yog in the morning
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00033-00010932-00011300 this will help you control your emotions
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00034-00011360-00011698 you will become more positive
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00035-00011756-00012060 your life can become more simple
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00036-00012124-00012382 your life can be more peaceful
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00037-00012564-00012780 control over your emotions,
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00038-00012840-00012988 positivity,
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00039-00013043-00013160 simplicity,
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00040-00013215-00013387 peace and stability,
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00041-00013440-00013682 is needed in every walk of life
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00042-00013750-00014041 you are associated with a big corporate house
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00043-00014134-00014296 i ask you
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00044-00014308-00014636 don't they teach you to control your emotions?
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00045-00014718-00014838 yes, they do
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00046-00014846-00015138 don't they tell you to be positive?
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00047-00015236-00015704 don't they tell you to give strong remarks on everything?
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00048-00015704-00015824 don't they tell you to stay calm?
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00049-00015924-00016269 don't they tell you to not be affected by small things
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00050-00016272-00016372 and stay natural
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00051-00016404-00016693 these are all leadership skills that are taught
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00052-00016694-00016914 these are all the commands of bhavna yog
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00053-00016990-00017248 If you want to keep your relations good
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00054-00017248-00017486 and want to prosper in your professional life
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00055-00017486-00017720 then bhavna yog is the best way you can achieve these
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00056-00017930-00018199 about the nature of our soul
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00057-00018200-00018376 that's the core element of Jainism
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00058-00018482-00018948 If we link our emotions to our soul
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00059-00019154-00019386 then no matter what part of the World we may live in
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00060-00019602-00019752 we will always be in our senses
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00061-00019886-00020292 and the person who does everything and
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00062-00020292-00020466 has control over his senses
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00063-00020500-00020772 he will never fail in life
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00064-00020930-00021214 Chakravartis have so much to face
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00065-00021482-00021822 but yet they remember who they are
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00066-00021822-00022102 this is what a Samyakdrishti soul is
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00067-00022383-00022586 be surrounded by your family
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00068-00022675-00022898 but never forget that
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00069-00023002-00023300 you were born alone and will die alone
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00070-00023508-00023746 This understanding needs to be within us
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00071-00023746-00024046 that you do so many things due to relations
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00072-00024127-00024400 but what is worth of me doing
Y7-ZiCJwBF8-00073-00024628-00025028 this understanding needs to be embedded in us
Y8CM71hmhak-00000-00000000-00000200 HDR 4K VİDEO SETİNGS
YrA7pOYgSNu-00000-00000555-00000715 - Hi everyone,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00001-00000715-00000830 I'm Abigail Tyler,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00002-00000830-00000961 and I'm from Henry County
YrA7pOYgSNu-00003-00000961-00001105 and I'm one of the,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00004-00001105-00001488 31 Alabama State Ambassadors for 4-H .
YrA7pOYgSNu-00005-00001488-00001728 I'm here today with Mr. Pete Crews,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00006-00001728-00001982 who is the Headland Airport Manager,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00007-00001982-00002442 out at the local airport in my County.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00008-00002442-00002670 We're really pleased to have him today
YrA7pOYgSNu-00009-00002670-00002923 and we're going to ask him a couple of questions,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00010-00002923-00003047 about his career
YrA7pOYgSNu-00011-00003047-00003235 and how he got started.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00012-00003235-00003472 So I would like to first ask you,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00013-00003472-00003756 what was your major in college?
YrA7pOYgSNu-00014-00003756-00003860 - Well my major has,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00015-00003860-00004057 nothing to do with what I do now.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00016-00004057-00004265 I Went to Auburn University Oregon
YrA7pOYgSNu-00017-00004265-00004514 and majored in a gastronomy and soils
YrA7pOYgSNu-00018-00004514-00004691 and I was planning on working for
YrA7pOYgSNu-00019-00004691-00004854 the soil conservation service.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00020-00004854-00005129 I was in the agriculture field,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00021-00005129-00005212 I wanted to stay there.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00022-00005212-00005295 I've been born
YrA7pOYgSNu-00023-00005295-00005457 and raised as a farmer's son
YrA7pOYgSNu-00024-00005457-00005623 and you know,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00025-00005623-00005811 I'll probably continue on as being a farmer
YrA7pOYgSNu-00026-00005811-00006087 or working in some line of agriculture.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00027-00006185-00006289 - That's really cool.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00028-00006289-00006447 What got you interested,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00029-00006447-00006853 in being a part of the airport life?
YrA7pOYgSNu-00030-00006853-00007040 - Well it's I think
YrA7pOYgSNu-00031-00007040-00007270 aviation has been in my blood all my life.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00032-00007270-00007511 I remember when I grew up here in Headland,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00033-00007511-00007934 they had the helicopters from Fort Rucker Alabama,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00034-00007934-00008067 Flew constantly in our area.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00035-00008067-00008193 They were preparing for Vietnam
YrA7pOYgSNu-00036-00008193-00008363 and they trained a good bit of pilots
YrA7pOYgSNu-00037-00008363-00008446 here in this area.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00038-00008446-00008678 So, they had the local landing fields
YrA7pOYgSNu-00039-00008678-00008947 and for some of the pastures around our house
YrA7pOYgSNu-00040-00008947-00009135 and if I got a free moment I'd go over
YrA7pOYgSNu-00041-00009135-00009349 and watch the helicopters land
YrA7pOYgSNu-00042-00009349-00009469 and you always,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00043-00009469-00009613 just had an interest in watching them fly
YrA7pOYgSNu-00044-00009613-00009698 and how they flew
YrA7pOYgSNu-00045-00009799-00009991 and just lacked the aviation science
YrA7pOYgSNu-00046-00009991-00010198 and I thought it was really cool to see them.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00047-00010198-00010281 Something that big
YrA7pOYgSNu-00048-00010281-00010401 and heavy could actually fly
YrA7pOYgSNu-00049-00010401-00010551 and carry people on.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00050-00010551-00010665 So I think it's something,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00051-00010665-00010821 that was in my blood from early on
YrA7pOYgSNu-00052-00010821-00011229 and just if I didn't act on it until later in life
YrA7pOYgSNu-00053-00011229-00011369 but you know,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00054-00011369-00011647 I think it's a calling I think it's summer to ,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00055-00011647-00011827 you know some other fields for,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00056-00011827-00012051 you know maybe a law enforcement.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00057-00012051-00012194 There's like yeah There's people,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00058-00012194-00012320 it's a calling dealing with that field
YrA7pOYgSNu-00059-00012320-00012564 and aviation is the same thing.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00060-00012564-00012647 If you're a pilot,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00061-00012647-00012897 you know it you like it there's no gray areas,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00062-00012897-00013100 no, it's not cool,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00063-00013100-00013183 It's nuts,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00064-00013183-00013272 It's you either like it
YrA7pOYgSNu-00065-00013272-00013451 or you don't like it.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00066-00013451-00013608 - That's really interesting.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00067-00013608-00013908 So maybe can you give us a typical day,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00068-00013908-00014182 in what your job is like?
YrA7pOYgSNu-00069-00014182-00014265 - Yeah,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00070-00014265-00014348 I'd be glad to.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00071-00014348-00014505 Well, I need to get up early in the morning
YrA7pOYgSNu-00072-00014505-00014597 when it's not cool
YrA7pOYgSNu-00073-00014597-00014819 and we have several things
YrA7pOYgSNu-00074-00014819-00014985 that we take care of there at the airport.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00075-00014985-00015138 we have aviation fuel,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00076-00015138-00015304 that's for the airplanes that come
YrA7pOYgSNu-00077-00015304-00015462 and go
YrA7pOYgSNu-00078-00015462-00015546 and pilots stop
YrA7pOYgSNu-00079-00015546-00015629 and refuel their planes,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00080-00015629-00015755 similar to a gas station
YrA7pOYgSNu-00081-00015755-00016014 you know at a convenience store except
YrA7pOYgSNu-00082-00016014-00016165 that it's for aviation purposes.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00083-00016165-00016341 And we have to check the fuel to
YrA7pOYgSNu-00084-00016341-00016542 make sure the fuel has no water in it.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00085-00016542-00016684 Because if these guys have a problem
YrA7pOYgSNu-00086-00016684-00016855 in the air, they can't just stop
YrA7pOYgSNu-00087-00016855-00017013 and check it out.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00088-00017013-00017155 So it's very important
YrA7pOYgSNu-00089-00017155-00017306 that the fuel is pure
YrA7pOYgSNu-00090-00017306-00017564 and it's the grade that we sell.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00091-00017564-00017798 So we do that as the very first thing,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00092-00017798-00018000 they check that make sure that's good
YrA7pOYgSNu-00093-00018000-00018256 and we are basic property managers.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00094-00018256-00018401 We have,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00095-00018401-00018661 I think it's about 392 acres of the airport
YrA7pOYgSNu-00096-00018661-00018778 in Headland Alabama,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00097-00018778-00019097 and we have 190 of that as row crop
YrA7pOYgSNu-00098-00019097-00019339 and agriculture that we rent out to farmers.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00099-00019339-00019502 So that's part of our management.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00100-00019502-00019681 It's to work with that farmer,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00101-00019681-00019867 and work with him on his crops,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00102-00019867-00020093 that he has there We lease the land
YrA7pOYgSNu-00103-00020093-00020176 and make sure he stays
YrA7pOYgSNu-00104-00020176-00020323 within the confines of our lease.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00105-00020323-00020490 And then we also have,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00106-00020490-00020630 a number of buildings there,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00107-00020714-00020797 we have 40 T hangers.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00108-00020797-00020882 a T hangar is
YrA7pOYgSNu-00109-00020882-00021082 a hanger that houses an airplane,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00110-00021082-00021226 a small airplane.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00111-00021226-00021410 generally aviation airplane,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00112-00021410-00021523 It's a lot of people who owns boats
YrA7pOYgSNu-00113-00021523-00021642 and you know second cars
YrA7pOYgSNu-00114-00021642-00021725 and stuff.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00115-00021725-00021874 several people own airplanes,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00116-00021874-00021995 and they have to store them somewhere,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00117-00021995-00022106 usually at an airport.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00118-00022106-00022373 And so we have T hangers on Minnesota's.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00119-00022373-00022721 We have 40 of them that are up for lease.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00120-00022721-00022822 We keep those full.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00121-00022822-00023012 So if somebody is leaving,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00122-00023012-00023177 we have somebody to fill it up,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00123-00023177-00023363 that's where we get a lot of our income from
YrA7pOYgSNu-00124-00023363-00023629 and the rent of these buildings.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00125-00023629-00023862 We also have several other businesses
YrA7pOYgSNu-00126-00023862-00023945 out of the airport.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00127-00023945-00024144 just besides the hidden airport.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00128-00024144-00024227 We have Wilco,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00129-00024227-00024363 which is powder coating fentanyl.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00130-00024363-00024490 We have five Calvin Matt
YrA7pOYgSNu-00131-00024490-00024573 and trucking.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00132-00024573-00024679 They're a trucking company.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00133-00024679-00025112 We have several flat skills that give flight instruction,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00134-00025112-00025255 survival flight,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00135-00025255-00025487 that there are a laugh ambulance car,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00136-00025487-00025617 air ambulance jumping in.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00137-00025617-00025791 So I'll work with all of these companies to make sure
YrA7pOYgSNu-00138-00025791-00026080 that their buildings are well taken care of.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00139-00026080-00026202 They have the,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00140-00026202-00026489 things they need to run their business there
YrA7pOYgSNu-00141-00026489-00026673 and if we can help them that's what we do.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00142-00026673-00026898 So my day is spent taking care of property
YrA7pOYgSNu-00143-00026898-00027043 and managing our property.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00144-00027156-00027436 - I know that probably working at an airport,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00145-00027436-00027577 is a high-risk job?
YrA7pOYgSNu-00146-00027577-00027936 What would you say is your biggest responsibility?
YrA7pOYgSNu-00147-00027936-00028123 - I think the biggest thing is
YrA7pOYgSNu-00148-00028123-00028361 probably making sure the Polish are taken care of
YrA7pOYgSNu-00149-00028361-00028733 the people that come in to our airport
YrA7pOYgSNu-00150-00028733-00028914 to make sure they feel welcome
YrA7pOYgSNu-00151-00028914-00029136 and make sure they get a little taste
YrA7pOYgSNu-00152-00029136-00029266 of our Southern hospitality.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00153-00029266-00029411 So just want to make sure
YrA7pOYgSNu-00154-00029411-00029623 that I portray Hedland airport
YrA7pOYgSNu-00155-00029623-00029752 and my best life image
YrA7pOYgSNu-00156-00029752-00029939 and make them remember
YrA7pOYgSNu-00157-00029939-00030097 that they want to come back to heaven
YrA7pOYgSNu-00158-00030097-00030260 that they lack it.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00159-00030260-00030420 And so representing heaven airport
YrA7pOYgSNu-00160-00030420-00030647 is probably my biggest responsibility.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00161-00030741-00031020 - And moving onto the next question.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00162-00031020-00031130 What would you say,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00163-00031130-00031373 is one of your favorite things
YrA7pOYgSNu-00164-00031373-00031685 that you get to do in your job?
YrA7pOYgSNu-00165-00031685-00031973 - I think, you know,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00166-00031973-00032056 talking with a pilot ,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00167-00032056-00032187 sitting around,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00168-00032187-00032304 the pilots will come in
YrA7pOYgSNu-00169-00032304-00032487 and they needed a break from their flights
YrA7pOYgSNu-00170-00032487-00032689 and then they will decompress
YrA7pOYgSNu-00171-00032689-00032879 and I'll talk about them fast.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00172-00032879-00032962 And I love sitting around
YrA7pOYgSNu-00173-00032962-00033177 and talking aviation with the pilots.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00174-00033177-00033295 That's always kind of fun.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00175-00033295-00033455 And we have a front porch for,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00176-00033455-00033539 this guys will come
YrA7pOYgSNu-00177-00033539-00033710 and sit drink a cup of coffee
YrA7pOYgSNu-00178-00033889-00033972 or a water
YrA7pOYgSNu-00179-00033972-00034056 or soda
YrA7pOYgSNu-00180-00034056-00034139 or whatever they have.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00181-00034139-00034222 And ,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00182-00034328-00034455 we talked to them
YrA7pOYgSNu-00183-00034455-00034592 and just,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00184-00034592-00034720 you know they're getting their stories,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00185-00034720-00034830 and you know you talk to some people
YrA7pOYgSNu-00186-00034830-00034951 with very expensive aircraft,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00187-00034951-00035143 and it's,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00188-00035143-00035301 it's kind of neat to see
YrA7pOYgSNu-00189-00035301-00035384 where have they been
YrA7pOYgSNu-00190-00035384-00035467 or what they've done.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00191-00035467-00035557 And you get associated
YrA7pOYgSNu-00192-00035557-00035709 with some what we call,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00193-00035709-00035844 the celebrities of our business.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00194-00035844-00036000 The people that are flying the GS,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00195-00036000-00036195 and you have a bigger aircraft
YrA7pOYgSNu-00196-00036195-00036280 that we don't see a lot
YrA7pOYgSNu-00197-00036280-00036425 but they have their own airplanes
YrA7pOYgSNu-00198-00036425-00036539 and they come into our airport.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00199-00036539-00036741 So I think associating with them,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00200-00036741-00036824 seeing them
YrA7pOYgSNu-00201-00036824-00036952 and listen to their stories.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00202-00036952-00037128 That's, that's the best part of it.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00203-00037128-00037332 Just, yeah, I'm a people person.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00204-00037332-00037479 So I like to talk to people
YrA7pOYgSNu-00205-00037479-00037743 and I don't like to be alone.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00206-00037743-00038023 Also another cool thing I enjoy as if
YrA7pOYgSNu-00207-00038023-00038231 there are a lot of things I do during the day.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00208-00038231-00038382 And my attention spans,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00209-00038382-00038547 is I guess it's fairly short.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00210-00038547-00038701 So I need to change up during the day.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00211-00038701-00038903 I don't want to do the same thing,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00212-00038903-00039068 all day Every day.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00213-00039068-00039302 This gives me a chance to deviate
YrA7pOYgSNu-00214-00039302-00039544 from doing one thing for eight hours.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00215-00039544-00039790 I can do something for,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00216-00039790-00039874 you know 30, 40 minutes,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00217-00039874-00039957 two hours
YrA7pOYgSNu-00218-00039957-00040049 and then do something else.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00219-00040049-00040241 And every day is a little bit different.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00220-00040241-00040471 So it, so it makes the days interesting.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00221-00040471-00040697 And this is what I like about it.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00222-00040697-00040832 - And that's really cool.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00223-00040832-00041117 What is something that you would,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00224-00041117-00041354 tell someone going into your field?
YrA7pOYgSNu-00225-00041354-00041519 Maybe some advice
YrA7pOYgSNu-00226-00041610-00041742 - A little bit of advice for this.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00227-00041742-00042110 If, if you've got aviation in your blood you know it
YrA7pOYgSNu-00228-00042110-00042336 you need to spend some time around the airport,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00229-00042336-00042636 I would suggest maybe a smaller airport
YrA7pOYgSNu-00230-00042636-00042815 or a larger airport go out
YrA7pOYgSNu-00231-00042815-00042995 and then you'll meet the people.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00232-00042995-00043240 Most of the people at the airport are very friendly.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00233-00043240-00043323 They want to talk
YrA7pOYgSNu-00234-00043323-00043466 and tell about their stories
YrA7pOYgSNu-00235-00043466-00043659 and tell you about their airport,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00236-00043659-00043766 no matter who you are.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00237-00043766-00043881 If you want to come out to the airport
YrA7pOYgSNu-00238-00043881-00043975 people will talk to you
YrA7pOYgSNu-00239-00043975-00044134 and tell you their stories.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00240-00044134-00044263 So I think I support,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00241-00044263-00044483 that they spend a little time at an airport.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00242-00044483-00044613 To get to see what happens
YrA7pOYgSNu-00243-00044613-00044913 during the daily routine at the airport.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00244-00044913-00045022 And if you want to fly
YrA7pOYgSNu-00245-00045022-00045193 you need to take your introductory flight there.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00246-00045193-00045476 So all the local schools though
YrA7pOYgSNu-00247-00045476-00045624 that did flight instruction
YrA7pOYgSNu-00248-00045624-00045964 they have an introductory flat for $50.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00249-00045964-00046056 You can take the fly
YrA7pOYgSNu-00250-00046056-00046244 and fly around in an airplane.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00251-00046244-00046382 See if it's your cup of tea.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00252-00046382-00046475 You may think it is.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00253-00046475-00046558 And it might not be.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00254-00046558-00046774 So before you invest a lot of money
YrA7pOYgSNu-00255-00046774-00046904 and take your lessons,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00256-00046904-00047104 you need you how it tastes of it.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00257-00047104-00047330 So it's not just,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00258-00047330-00047605 yeah I would say spend some time at the airport
YrA7pOYgSNu-00259-00047605-00047712 and get to know somebody
YrA7pOYgSNu-00260-00047712-00047934 and I bet you you've met somebody in your life
YrA7pOYgSNu-00261-00047934-00048017 that flies
YrA7pOYgSNu-00262-00048017-00048100 or extended,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00263-00048100-00048209 so ,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00264-00048209-00048334 that'd be the best thing.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00265-00048452-00048736 - So in order to be an airport manager
YrA7pOYgSNu-00266-00048736-00049090 did you have to get your pilots license
YrA7pOYgSNu-00267-00049090-00049173 - At that!
YrA7pOYgSNu-00268-00049173-00049311 That's not essential.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00269-00049311-00049508 It helps to know a little bit about aviation
YrA7pOYgSNu-00270-00049508-00049732 and I do have my pilot license
YrA7pOYgSNu-00271-00049732-00049846 I got it.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00272-00049846-00049983 I think within,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00273-00049983-00050180 probably within a year of graduating from college,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00274-00050180-00050431 I got a single engine airplane license.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00275-00050431-00050733 And, but I said, it's not essential.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00276-00050733-00050999 If, if you want to manage an airport
YrA7pOYgSNu-00277-00050999-00051201 it's mostly about managing aviation
YrA7pOYgSNu-00278-00051201-00051365 and having the license.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00279-00051365-00051448 It's not important,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00280-00051448-00051655 but it's but it asks your knowledge
YrA7pOYgSNu-00281-00051655-00052007 and it helps you take care of the problems
YrA7pOYgSNu-00282-00052007-00052110 that the Polish out better.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00283-00052110-00052250 If you have that in the background.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00284-00052250-00052641 So, but also have a commercial hot air balloon.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00285-00052641-00052852 Last is a phone commercial Hunter balloons
YrA7pOYgSNu-00286-00052937-00053148 did rise for passengers.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00287-00053148-00053241 And so, you know
YrA7pOYgSNu-00288-00053241-00053425 just having,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00289-00053425-00053521 having been in the air,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00290-00053521-00053699 having spent time in the airspace
YrA7pOYgSNu-00291-00053699-00053865 to see what the pilots go through.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00292-00053865-00054073 And it's, it's very helpful,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00293-00054073-00054263 especially when you're talking to the pilots
YrA7pOYgSNu-00294-00054263-00054469 that come into your area.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00295-00054469-00054552 - So,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00296-00054552-00054696 can you walk us through,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00297-00054696-00054948 what getting your license is like?
YrA7pOYgSNu-00298-00054948-00055271 - Yeah, it's, it's a process that takes
YrA7pOYgSNu-00299-00055271-00055487 you know, depending on the weather,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00300-00055487-00055679 everything you know is weather dependent.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00301-00055679-00055769 You want to fly,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00302-00055769-00055866 start flying.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00303-00055866-00056012 The weather is very good.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00304-00056012-00056124 You don't win slow.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00305-00056124-00056242 You want wins
YrA7pOYgSNu-00306-00056242-00056326 you know not choppy
YrA7pOYgSNu-00307-00056326-00056437 or Gusty,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00308-00056567-00056651 clouds in the air.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00309-00056651-00056866 You want clear pretty day.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00310-00056866-00056971 but you have to have,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00311-00056971-00057240 40 hours of flight inside an airplane within
YrA7pOYgSNu-00312-00057240-00057344 and I think 25 of
YrA7pOYgSNu-00313-00057344-00057600 that has to be with an instructor.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00314-00057600-00057930 So you have to have a certified flight instructor
YrA7pOYgSNu-00315-00057930-00058119 to help you to teach you how to fly.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00316-00058119-00058340 And then once you get to a certain number of hours,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00317-00058340-00058424 you will solo.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00318-00058424-00058647 You will take the plane out by yourself.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00319-00058647-00058966 So I think I soloed after about four or five hours.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00320-00058966-00059160 And then the instructor pop
YrA7pOYgSNu-00321-00059160-00059364 will fly with you several times
YrA7pOYgSNu-00322-00059364-00059624 and you have several other things you have to do.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00323-00059624-00059829 You have to have cross-country flights
YrA7pOYgSNu-00324-00059829-00059912 a hundred miles
YrA7pOYgSNu-00325-00059912-00060002 or more.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00326-00060002-00060308 You have to have so many hours of not flying.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00327-00060308-00060496 You have to have so many touchy gauche
YrA7pOYgSNu-00328-00060496-00060579 which is landing
YrA7pOYgSNu-00329-00060579-00060727 and take off.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00330-00060727-00060996 You need to build time in the airplane
YrA7pOYgSNu-00331-00060996-00061170 and get comfortable with it.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00332-00061170-00061313 Once you have that,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00333-00061313-00061587 I think it's a minimum of 40 hours in the airplane
YrA7pOYgSNu-00334-00061587-00061774 then you can take a written test,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00335-00061774-00062205 which is administrated by the FAA system FAA tests
YrA7pOYgSNu-00336-00062205-00062439 and you have to pass it up
YrA7pOYgSNu-00337-00062439-00062616 and then after that you pass the test
YrA7pOYgSNu-00338-00062616-00062804 you have to take a proficiency check ride
YrA7pOYgSNu-00339-00062804-00062950 with an examiner.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00340-00062950-00063150 And you have to go to where the examiner is.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00341-00063150-00063324 I don't think there's one in our area.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00342-00063324-00063572 I think nearest one is in Tallahassee Florida
YrA7pOYgSNu-00343-00063572-00063862 and they put you through the gamut.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00344-00063862-00063976 They asked you a lot of questions,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00345-00063976-00064062 about flying,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00346-00064062-00064251 the airspace questions.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00347-00064251-00064491 They asked you questions about the machinery
YrA7pOYgSNu-00348-00064491-00064694 and the weather,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00349-00064694-00064847 everything associated with flight.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00350-00064847-00064994 Then you have to pass both those.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00351-00064994-00065210 So you have to passed a written test
YrA7pOYgSNu-00352-00065210-00065429 and a proficiency test to,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00353-00065429-00065555 to get your license.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00354-00065555-00065693 And then once you do that,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00355-00065693-00065777 you're issued your license
YrA7pOYgSNu-00356-00065777-00065896 and your license never expires.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00357-00065896-00066141 You'll have it for the rest of your life
YrA7pOYgSNu-00358-00066141-00066321 but you have to do certain things,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00359-00066321-00066470 to stay current in your airplane.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00360-00066470-00066563 There's some,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00361-00066563-00066710 if you you'll have a,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00362-00066710-00066933 once every two year by any old flat review,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00363-00066933-00067128 that you have to go up with,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00364-00067128-00067246 another structure.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00365-00067344-00067480 And he checks you out once every two years
YrA7pOYgSNu-00366-00067480-00067606 to make sure that you can fly.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00367-00067606-00067886 And you also have to have a medical certificate
YrA7pOYgSNu-00368-00067886-00068177 which means that you have to be physically fit
YrA7pOYgSNu-00369-00068177-00068268 and able
YrA7pOYgSNu-00370-00068268-00068463 and not a health risk
YrA7pOYgSNu-00371-00068463-00068546 or to fly.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00372-00068546-00068648 So,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00373-00068648-00068789 several things you have to have there.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00374-00068789-00068872 And,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00375-00069168-00069261 it's probably going to end up,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00376-00069261-00069400 I think,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00377-00069400-00069635 the cost for a total ride everything gets from,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00378-00069635-00069909 5.5 and $7,000 right now.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00379-00069909-00070088 That you'd have to invest to,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00380-00070088-00070171 to make it work.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00381-00070281-00070433 - Wow, that's really cool.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00382-00070433-00070516 um,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00383-00070516-00070835 I'd like to end with saying that
YrA7pOYgSNu-00384-00070835-00070960 or asking you,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00385-00070960-00071242 what is your single most,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00386-00071242-00071353 exhilarating
YrA7pOYgSNu-00387-00071353-00071584 or best memory as a,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00388-00071584-00071842 an airport manager?
YrA7pOYgSNu-00389-00071842-00071941 - Let's see here.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00390-00071941-00072091 I think probably the best
YrA7pOYgSNu-00391-00072091-00072247 and,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00392-00072247-00072430 the most fun thing that happens,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00393-00072430-00072552 We just have a fly in.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00394-00072692-00072775 [ Indistinct ]
YrA7pOYgSNu-00395-00072775-00072858 once a year,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00396-00072858-00072941 we have done a couple of years,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00397-00072941-00073193 but once a year we invite people in the area.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00398-00073193-00073444 We sent out invitations to fly in on a certain date
YrA7pOYgSNu-00399-00073444-00073580 We usually have Saturday,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00400-00073580-00073821 and we have vendors here stackable,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00401-00073821-00073971 harvest day we have here in town,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00402-00073971-00074103 but we have it at the airport
YrA7pOYgSNu-00403-00074103-00074263 and we, we call it fly in.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00404-00074263-00074463 So people fly in from all over the area
YrA7pOYgSNu-00405-00074463-00074785 and you can get 50 to a hundred planes there
YrA7pOYgSNu-00406-00074785-00074889 at one time
YrA7pOYgSNu-00407-00074889-00075023 and they park on the grass
YrA7pOYgSNu-00408-00075023-00075285 and it's just really cool to have a park
YrA7pOYgSNu-00409-00075285-00075413 and there are planes you never see.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00410-00075413-00075598 And you haven't seen the long time
YrA7pOYgSNu-00411-00075598-00075777 friends come over with their airplanes
YrA7pOYgSNu-00412-00075777-00075983 and you have the public can come out
YrA7pOYgSNu-00413-00075983-00076066 and walk around
YrA7pOYgSNu-00414-00076066-00076149 and test airplane
YrA7pOYgSNu-00415-00076149-00076232 see the airplanes,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00416-00076232-00076436 and you'll maybe even get a flight.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00417-00076436-00076658 We normally have a helicopter company there
YrA7pOYgSNu-00418-00076658-00076811 to give them rides.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00419-00076811-00076894 And,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00420-00076894-00077000 so just the thought,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00421-00077000-00077215 of putting all that together it's,
YrA7pOYgSNu-00422-00077215-00077421 it's time assuming it's a massive effort
YrA7pOYgSNu-00423-00077421-00077552 but seeing it come off
YrA7pOYgSNu-00424-00077552-00077798 and see everybody there having fun.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00425-00077897-00077997 [Indistinct]
YrA7pOYgSNu-00426-00078175-00078415 it's so exhilarating feeling once it's all over.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00427-00078541-00078719 - Well, thank you so much
YrA7pOYgSNu-00428-00078719-00078918 for explaining your job
YrA7pOYgSNu-00429-00078918-00079287 and everything that you have to do in it.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00430-00079287-00079370 - Well, thank you very much.
YrA7pOYgSNu-00431-00079370-00079544 I appreciate you having me here today.
YsT3_Hci94k-00000-00000014-00000613 Did Zambia ministers related to finance and economy Dr Bwalya Ngandu and Christopher Bwalya
YsT3_Hci94k-00001-00000613-00000808 Yaluma made you richer or poorer in 2018?
YsT3_Hci94k-00002-00000808-00000959 Before we begin subscribe and click the bell icon so you don't miss new videos where I
YsT3_Hci94k-00003-00000959-00001059 will analyze how your other politicians perform.
YsT3_Hci94k-00004-00001059-00001478 In this video we will analyze only the single most important metric to determine how successful
YsT3_Hci94k-00005-00001478-00001757 ministers were in particular year.
YsT3_Hci94k-00006-00001757-00002451 No B.S. fancy talk, just perfectly real and honest statistic where you can't hide anything.
YsT3_Hci94k-00007-00002451-00002855 Here's the deal: Most important metric for economy is: GDP
YsT3_Hci94k-00008-00002855-00003157 per capita based on PPP.
YsT3_Hci94k-00009-00003157-00003870 It's gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates
YsT3_Hci94k-00010-00003870-00004182 and divided by total population.
YsT3_Hci94k-00011-00004182-00004469 Here is the nice definition.
YsT3_Hci94k-00012-00004469-00004998 Basically it's number that tells you how much stuff can average citizen buy with wage he
YsT3_Hci94k-00013-00004998-00005198 gets every month.
YsT3_Hci94k-00014-00005198-00005742 In countries with higher numbers citizens live great and buy bunch of new things every
YsT3_Hci94k-00015-00005742-00005875 month.
YsT3_Hci94k-00016-00005875-00006454 In countries with low numbers citizens live bad and scrape every month to buy food and
YsT3_Hci94k-00017-00006454-00006934 pay living expenses, just to survive.
YsT3_Hci94k-00018-00006934-00007558 If you are from Zambia comment below how much could you afford in 2018 and were you satisfied
YsT3_Hci94k-00019-00007558-00007667 with that?
YsT3_Hci94k-00020-00007667-00008215 Can't wait to see how satisfied with your purchasing power you were.
YsT3_Hci94k-00021-00008215-00008600 Now: Our data source will be IMF's GDP per capita
YsT3_Hci94k-00022-00008600-00008830 based on PPP rankings report.
YsT3_Hci94k-00023-00008830-00009188 IMF stands for international monetary fund.
YsT3_Hci94k-00024-00009188-00009625 We'll analyze 2 main factors.
YsT3_Hci94k-00025-00009625-00010264 Position, in 2018 GDP per capita based on PPP rankings and change in rankings.
YsT3_Hci94k-00026-00010264-00010854 If country is positioned high in the rankings like those countries here and improved a lot
YsT3_Hci94k-00027-00010854-00011535 then economy related ministers are doing Phenomenal job, which is the best it can get.
YsT3_Hci94k-00028-00011535-00012054 If country is positioned high and didn't drop rankings then economy related ministers are
YsT3_Hci94k-00029-00012054-00012424 doing Excellent, Great or Good job.
YsT3_Hci94k-00030-00012424-00013171 If country is positioned low like those countries here and didn't drop rankings then economy
YsT3_Hci94k-00031-00013171-00013684 related ministers are doing Fair or Mediocre job.
YsT3_Hci94k-00032-00013684-00014379 Now ff country is positioned high and it dropped rankings then economy related ministers are
YsT3_Hci94k-00033-00014379-00014883 doing Poor, Bad or Awful job.
YsT3_Hci94k-00034-00014883-00015495 If country is positioned low and it dropped rankings then economy related ministers are
YsT3_Hci94k-00035-00015495-00015904 doing Abysmal job, which is the worst it can get.
YsT3_Hci94k-00036-00015904-00016004 Is that clear?
YsT3_Hci94k-00037-00016004-00016222 And now are you ready?
YsT3_Hci94k-00038-00016222-00017125 Zambia ministers related to economy Dr Bwalya Ngandu and Christopher Bwalya Yaluma in 2018
YsT3_Hci94k-00039-00017125-00017673 performed, drumroll: ABYSMAL.
YsT3_Hci94k-00040-00017673-00018695 Their score was -882 and they ranked 179th among all economy related ministers.
YsT3_Hci94k-00041-00018695-00020590 Zambia was ranked 146th in 2017 which is very low and in 2018 they dropped 1 place to 147th
YsT3_Hci94k-00042-00020590-00021351 place.
YsT3_Hci94k-00043-00021351-00022051 So as you can see it's ABYSMAL job, your ministers are making you poorer.
YsT3_Hci94k-00044-00022051-00022617 And while we are here I just want to apologize if Dr Bwalya Ngandu and Christopher Bwalya
YsT3_Hci94k-00045-00022617-00023359 Yaluma were not ministers in 2018 because sometimes it's hard to find data from the
YsT3_Hci94k-00046-00023359-00023465 past.
YsT3_Hci94k-00047-00023465-00024062 This is just in case because I tried my best and I think the names are right.
YsT3_Hci94k-00048-00024062-00024765 If you now want to see how leader of Zambia president Edgar Lungu did perform in 2018
YsT3_Hci94k-00049-00024765-00025006 click the link in top right corner.
YsT3_Hci94k-00050-00025006-00025120 And that's not all...
YsT3_Hci94k-00051-00025120-00025675 Let's see few ministers related to economy that performed the best so you can see how
YsT3_Hci94k-00052-00025675-00026027 Phenomenal performance looks like.
YsT3_Hci94k-00053-00026027-00026214 Here is the top of the rankings.
YsT3_Hci94k-00054-00026214-00027031 Ranked number 1 were ministers from Taiwan Su Jain-rong and Shen Jong-chin.
YsT3_Hci94k-00055-00027031-00027687 They did phenomenal job, and Taiwan recorded jump of 3 places in the rankings.
YsT3_Hci94k-00056-00027687-00028387 Ranked number 2 were ministers from Spain María Jesús Montero and Nadia Calviño.
YsT3_Hci94k-00057-00028387-00030147 Phenomenal job, Spain also jumped 3 places in the rankings.
YsT3_Hci94k-00058-00030147-00030700 Ranked number 3 were ministers from China Liu Kun and Zhong Shan.
YsT3_Hci94k-00059-00030700-00031283 And although China ranks little bit lower than Taiwan and Spain, in 2018 they leaped
YsT3_Hci94k-00060-00031283-00031554 4 places from 81st to 77th.
YsT3_Hci94k-00061-00031554-00032078 Now, before you go and watch next video: Remember to subscribe and click bell icon
YsT3_Hci94k-00062-00032078-00032247 so you don't miss new 2019.
YsT3_Hci94k-00063-00032247-00032347 rankings.
YsT3_Hci94k-00064-00032347-00033261 I will analyze 2019 performance as soon as new IMF ratings become available.
YsT3_Hci94k-00065-00033261-00033315 Bye
YthsqLANCHk-00000-00000052-00000118 Ash: He's in the Bathroom..
YthsqLANCHk-00001-00000118-00000204 *Laughing*
YthsqLANCHk-00002-00000246-00000344 Alex: Jake/ Pry* Come out of the bathroom!
YthsqLANCHk-00003-00000438-00000544 Jake/Pry: uh...No...
YthsqLANCHk-00004-00000598-00000696 Alex: YOUNGBOI
YthsqLANCHk-00005-00000722-00000792 Jake/Pry: nOoOoooO!!!
YthsqLANCHk-00006-00000808-00000919 Alex: COME OUT OF THAT BATHROOM!
YthsqLANCHk-00007-00000944-00001040 jAKE: hbhcyh YOU CANT MAKE ME
YthsqLANCHk-00008-00001074-00001138 Alex: COME OUT OF THAT BATHROOM OR RIGHT-
YthsqLANCHk-00009-00001172-00001252 Alex: THIS IS YOUR FATHER
YthsqLANCHk-00010-00001252-00001304 Alex: SPEAKING1
YthsqLANCHk-00011-00001304-00001406 Alex: and you will RSEPECT MY-
YthsqLANCHk-00012-00001406-00001456 *ALEX GETS DOOR SLAMMED
YthsqLANCHk-00013-00001456-00001590 *JAKE GETS MEGA KICKED AND THAT HOW HE DIED*
Yw1OnuKakHu-00000-00000000-00000316 What is for you, the goal of stories ?
Yw1OnuKakHu-00001-00000468-00000522 Survival.
Yw1OnuKakHu-00002-00000720-00000966 Survival and of course,
Yw1OnuKakHu-00003-00000966-00001278 I mean it is to me,
Yw1OnuKakHu-00004-00001278-00001655 it is creating meaning in life.
Yw1OnuKakHu-00005-00001655-00001907 And it's not that I'm convinced
Yw1OnuKakHu-00006-00001907-00002106 that there's not meaning.
Yw1OnuKakHu-00007-00002106-00002604 I don't know if meaning exists
Yw1OnuKakHu-00008-00002604-00002820 in advance or if we
Yw1OnuKakHu-00009-00002898-00003138 create it out of nothing.
Yw1OnuKakHu-00010-00003288-00003546 That would be a little bit like asking
Yw1OnuKakHu-00011-00003606-00003882 about the chicken... the hen and the egg.
Yw1OnuKakHu-00012-00003882-00004110 What comes first ?
Yw1OnuKakHu-00013-00004110-00004272 But it's not that
Yw1OnuKakHu-00014-00004272-00004392 I think that it's...
Yw1OnuKakHu-00015-00004470-00004722 the universe is necessarily
Yw1OnuKakHu-00016-00004722-00004860 without meaning.
Yw1OnuKakHu-00017-00004860-00005088 But i believe that
Yw1OnuKakHu-00018-00005088-00005622 that stories, it's kind of how we breathe
Yw1OnuKakHu-00019-00005682-00005862 how humans breathe.
Yw1OnuKakHu-00020-00005862-00006132 So it's like we swim in stories
Yw1OnuKakHu-00021-00006132-00006402 we breathe stories, stories are all around us.
Yw1OnuKakHu-00022-00006762-00007014 And it's a way of, yeah,
Yw1OnuKakHu-00023-00007080-00007284 creating meaning.
Yw1OnuKakHu-00024-00007284-00007745 I think it is, but it is also maybe
Yw1OnuKakHu-00025-00007745-00007998 about creating hope or creating challenge
Yw1OnuKakHu-00026-00007998-00008070 or creating
Yw1OnuKakHu-00027-00008322-00008514 provocation, so it's not like...
Yw1OnuKakHu-00028-00008700-00008796 Yeah this is really...
Yw1OnuKakHu-00029-00008796-00009132 This may be really in concrete.
Yw1OnuKakHu-00030-00009192-00009522 It's just like I feel that we are stories.
Yw1OnuKakHu-00031-00009522-00009726 That's what constitutes us
Yw1OnuKakHu-00032-00009726-00009918 as human beings.
YzdjJLSVaVA-00000-00000000-00001500 Pedestal, Seat
Y_Sooh8FEuI-00001-00000050-00000289 Please Like and Subscribe
Y_Sooh8FEuI-00002-00000289-00000495 Share this Video
YB0dDvHYI9y-00000-00000340-00000516 Hello you rolling raptors.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00001-00000536-00000880 I'm Tim from Ghent, Belgium and during my very frist ride
YB0dDvHYI9y-00002-00000880-00001223 with the Powerslide Next  Burgundy Grey 90, I thought:
YB0dDvHYI9y-00003-00001293-00001716 I'm feeling so much at ease in these skates  that I wanna go stair riding!
YB0dDvHYI9y-00004-00001809-00002226 And to raise the stakes, I chose  a staircase that turns to my weak side.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00005-00002330-00002656 Riding it with my right foot in front was kind of gnarly.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00006-00002819-00003046 I felt very much out of balance.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00007-00003183-00003409 My weight distribution was a mess.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00008-00003463-00003873 I almost fell on those hard steps, which I absolutely wanted to avoid.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00009-00003903-00004243 So I tried riding that staircase with my left foot in front.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00010-00004263-00004463 That would go so much better.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00011-00004506-00004643 Except it didn't.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00012-00006083-00006350 That was not a very elegant landing.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00013-00006390-00006819 I paid for my clumsiness with pain and humilation.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00014-00006953-00007423 To immediately restore my confidence, I rode  the staircase at the other side of the river.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00015-00007443-00007730 The one turning to the right, my strong side.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00016-00007946-00008130 Okay, I still had in me.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00017-00008180-00008586 I could still claim the title of Rider of Stairs.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00018-00008780-00009013 Here's a closer look of how my feet move.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00019-00009393-00009713 I find that view very fascinating, don't you?
YB0dDvHYI9y-00020-00010359-00010569 Enough confidence restored.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00021-00010616-00010946 I still wanted to ride that other staircase.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00022-00010973-00011230 Therefore, I used a cheat code.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00023-00011230-00011476 I tried riding it backwards.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00024-00011730-00011896 Cheating is easy.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00025-00011896-00012433 It's humilating as hell, but it saves you a lot of pain.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00026-00017683-00018119 Maybe I should shorten this clip for higher viewer retention stats on YouTube.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00027-00018330-00018490 But I say bollocks to that.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00028-00018613-00019023 I did enjoy that backwards flow, and you're gonna have to enjoy it too.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00029-00019106-00019640 Or else the Inline Wheels of Wrath will grind you down.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00030-00021416-00021490 That's it.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00031-00021509-00021613 Thanks for watching.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00032-00021636-00021909 If you liked this vdeo, then like it.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00033-00021943-00022586 And if you wanna see more of my clumsiness, hit that subscribe button as soon as possible.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00034-00022623-00022853 Take care and keep rolling.
YB0dDvHYI9y-00035-00022893-00022943 Bye.
YBLEandJmrI-00000-00000000-00000110 Rusia venció sin problemas a Arabia Saudita New video
YBYwwR4X8EI-00000-00000109-00000508 We hear a lot about different software platforms that will make
YBYwwR4X8EI-00001-00000508-00000877 your business easier or about how we need to put automation
YBYwwR4X8EI-00002-00000877-00000998 into our business.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00003-00000998-00001276 But is it essential for your small business?
YBYwwR4X8EI-00004-00001276-00001525 How do you know what platforms are best?
YBYwwR4X8EI-00005-00001525-00001886 The simple answer is that you must develop a strategy that
YBYwwR4X8EI-00006-00001886-00002067 will work for your business.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00007-00002067-00002173 In this video,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00008-00002173-00002731 we'll discover four main reasons every small business needs an automation
YBYwwR4X8EI-00009-00002731-00002925 strategy. By the end of it,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00010-00002925-00003395 you'll understand why automation is so important and how it can
YBYwwR4X8EI-00011-00003395-00003579 help your business grow.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00012-00003579-00003846 Let's get started right after this.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00013-00003846-00003986 Hi, I'm Doug Barra,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00014-00003986-00004173 and I'm a business coach.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00015-00004173-00004563 I'm here to talk to you about why every small business
YBYwwR4X8EI-00016-00004563-00004793 needs an automation strategy.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00017-00004793-00005076 Now, before I get into the reasons why,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00018-00005076-00005208 let me introduce myself.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00019-00005263-00005600 I've been working with the owners of small businesses for over
YBYwwR4X8EI-00020-00005600-00005684 16 years,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00021-00005684-00005800 and during that time,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00022-00005819-00006164 I've learned a lot about what it takes for them to
YBYwwR4X8EI-00023-00006164-00006236 be successful.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00024-00006286-00006636 One of the most important things I've learned is that automation
YBYwwR4X8EI-00025-00006641-00006723 is vital.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00026-00006822-00007192 I'm so excited to talk to you today about why every
YBYwwR4X8EI-00027-00007192-00007404 small business needs an automation strategy.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00028-00007487-00007648 Before I explain why,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00029-00007698-00007934 let me just restate the main topic.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00030-00007934-00008296 Every small business needs an automation strategy.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00031-00008296-00008664 Reason number one: Automation can help you save time.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00032-00008664-00008975 You can automate many tasks in your business,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00033-00008975-00009082 and by doing so,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00034-00009082-00009426 you'll free up more time to focus on the things that
YBYwwR4X8EI-00035-00009426-00009516 matter most.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00036-00009516-00009925 Reason number two: Automation can help you make more money.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00037-00009925-00010392 Automating specific tasks in your business can help you save money;
YBYwwR4X8EI-00038-00010429-00010511 by doing so,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00039-00010511-00010912 you'll have more money for yourself and to reinvest back in
YBYwwR4X8EI-00040-00010912-00011019 your business.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00041-00011019-00011330 Automation can help you scale your business.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00042-00011330-00011494 As your business grows,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00043-00011494-00011887 you'll need to start automating more tasks to keep up with
YBYwwR4X8EI-00044-00011887-00012363 demand. Reason number four: Automation can help you stay organized.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00045-00012363-00012715 When you automate specific tasks in your business,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00046-00012715-00013100 it helps to keep everything organized and streamlined.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00047-00013127-00013431 This makes it easier for you to find what you need
YBYwwR4X8EI-00048-00013431-00013537 when you need it,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00049-00013537-00013871 and it also makes it easier for your customers to find
YBYwwR4X8EI-00050-00013871-00014219 what they're looking for on your website or your store.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00051-00014219-00014349 So there you have it!
YBYwwR4X8EI-00052-00014349-00014788 Four reasons why every small business needs an automation strategy.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00053-00014788-00015115 Automation is the way to go if you're looking to take
YBYwwR4X8EI-00054-00015115-00015319 your business to the next level!
YBYwwR4X8EI-00055-00015387-00015799 Tell us in the comments below what you think about automation
YBYwwR4X8EI-00056-00015799-00016065 and how it can help your small business.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00057-00016065-00016275 Let's all help each other grow!
YBYwwR4X8EI-00058-00016275-00016695 Would you like to learn more about automating your business or
YBYwwR4X8EI-00059-00016695-00017009 top other topics regarding business success?
YBYwwR4X8EI-00060-00017009-00017098 Yeah! Great!
YBYwwR4X8EI-00061-00017098-00017396 Then there are a few things that you need to do
YBYwwR4X8EI-00062-00017396-00017469 right now.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00063-00017469-00017630 First, like this video,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00064-00017630-00017816 so I know that you got value,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00065-00017816-00018077 and I'll make more videos like this one.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00066-00018077-00018464 Second, subscribe to this channel and click the bell to get
YBYwwR4X8EI-00067-00018464-00018828 notified whenever you post a new video so that you don't
YBYwwR4X8EI-00068-00018828-00019208 miss a single piece of the valuable information we share.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00069-00019208-00019271 And last,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00070-00019271-00019651 click the link in the description to register for the next
YBYwwR4X8EI-00071-00019651-00020038 live web class we hold on Thursdays and unearth the secrets
YBYwwR4X8EI-00072-00020038-00020212 to scaling your business!
YBYwwR4X8EI-00073-00020259-00020826 This is a tremendous opportunity to go even deeper into these
YBYwwR4X8EI-00074-00020826-00021615 ideas! You can also register by going to www.BusinessSuccess.group/scalinglive.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00075-00021615-00022105 That's www.BusinessSuccess.group/scalinglive.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00076-00022105-00022249 I'm Doug Barra,
YBYwwR4X8EI-00077-00022249-00022772 and I'm passionate about small businesses succeeding.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00078-00022772-00022994 Thank you for watching.
YBYwwR4X8EI-00079-00022994-00023272 I'll see you in our next video.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00000-00000000-00000386 Today's special guest is... (I started up fashion brand called as RAHA KENYA)
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00001-00000405-00000666 Not only one?!  (Excuse me!!)
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00002-00000756-00000876 Viewer present??
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00003-00001242-00001390 Hey guys!! I am Nanchan from Chaloborthers.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00004-00001400-00001732 Today, we have special guest.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00005-00001742-00002096 I'm Rie Kawano from Kenya
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00006-00002096-00002166 Nice to meet you.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00007-00002174-00002356 I am now in Mumbai
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00008-00003942-00004144 What do you do in Kenya?
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00009-00004144-00004236 In Kenya,
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00010-00004236-00004286 well,,
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00011-00004352-00004936 Last Dec, I started up fashion brand called as RAHA KENYA, which is using African cloth.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00012-00004952-00005240 And I am representative of this company.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00013-00005366-00005416 Like,
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00014-00005640-00006064 In Kenya, there are a lots of African clothes,
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00015-00006074-00006218 such as this piercing
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00016-00006374-00006430 So cute.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00017-00006506-00006562 A lots !!
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00018-00006562-00006728 Can I show a lots of products?
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00019-00006728-00006916 Look, look, a lots of pirecing.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00020-00007059-00007316 African clothes are
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00021-00007386-00007586 flashy and vivid like this,
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00022-00007626-00008018 I want to provide such African clothes and that is why I started.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00023-00008064-00008264 I am making product by African clothes
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00024-00008264-00008464 and selling these to Japanese people.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00025-00008534-00008770 These are made in Kenya
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00026-00008770-00008960 Every products are made in Kenya.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00027-00008960-00009028 Kenyan craftsman
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00028-00009058-00009146 Wonderful..
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00029-00009226-00009362 It's cute, isn't it?
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00030-00009364-00009942 These products cannot be quite obtained in Japan, right?
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00031-00009942-00010050 Yes, ture.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00032-00010060-00010276 And, if there is, you know,
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00033-00010302-00010646 many Japanese feel these are too fashy for me.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00034-00010734-00010820 But,
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00035-00010948-00011166 If trying such products,
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00036-00011226-00011642 everyone feel happy or good.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00037-00011706-00012156 So, I want everyone to express yourself by putting on our products.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00038-00012156-00012286 That is why I made it.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00039-00012368-00012568 What does RAHA KENYA mean?
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00040-00012602-00012902 RAHA means Be happy in Swahili
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00041-00012940-00013284 I hope everyone gets happy by putting on our products.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00042-00013312-00013424 Well, excuse me.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00043-00013558-00013608 Ha ha,
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00044-00013691-00013804 Somebody comes.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00045-00013886-00014156 Hello, I am Kambe from Attars
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00046-00014346-00014450 Attars comes!!
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00047-00014774-00015024 Look, it is very good!!
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00048-00015156-00015228 What is it?
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00049-00015269-00015630 This is new products form RAHA KENYA.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00050-00015696-00015791 New product!!
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00051-00015816-00015980 I can open it like this.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00052-00016028-00016100 Like this.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00053-00016118-00016340 lining is nice as well.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00054-00016340-00016490 This is also mede by African clothes.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00055-00016510-00016592 This one.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00056-00016624-00017034 This is made by very cool girls by sewing.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00057-00017052-00017386 There is also original logo.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00058-00017694-00017872 Then, your shirts.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00059-00018106-00018258 This is Africa shirts.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00060-00018698-00018802 Hey, are you ok?
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00061-00018802-00018976 Your posture is strange
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00062-00019010-00019060 Funny.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00063-00019060-00019450 To this shirts, I include meaning that we will lead Africa.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00064-00019486-00019662 Putting big "Africa" logo
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00065-00019698-00019962 White words on red is nice.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00066-00020064-00020170 Is it zebra?
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00067-00020228-00020700 This is made by great technology of Kenya craftsman.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00068-00020700-00020994 Look at, even if each clothes are different, it was sewn to be same pattern .
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00069-00020994-00021194 Is this made by Kenyan people?
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00070-00021198-00021344 Yes it is.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00071-00021344-00022078 I very carefully instructed craftsman to maintain position of pattern.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00072-00022150-00022246 Wow..
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00073-00022270-00022360 I did the best.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00074-00022360-00022842 I am not sure whether you know "I met crazy man",
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00075-00022848-00023070 and he has this shirts.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00076-00023116-00023180 Yes, yes.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00077-00023188-00023292 Mr Tsubowa has.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00078-00023292-00023432 Yes, this Mr Tsubowa.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00079-00023432-00023684 The person who knows knows him
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00080-00023792-00023860 Well,
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00081-00023860-00024308 This shirts was limited sale and within one and half hours, sold out.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00082-00024316-00024366 I see.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00083-00024378-00024694 We will start to make this after August.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00084-00024816-00024872 You can.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00085-00024940-00025240 This is made in Kenya and you instruct how to make all, right?
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00086-00025254-00025326 Yes I do.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00087-00025326-00025676 I can't speak English well but somehow I am doing the best.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00088-00025676-00025933 Thanks to wearing is, my boddyb becomes lighter
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00089-00025960-00026139 and walking speed becomes faster.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00090-00026150-00026238 Are you sure?
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00091-00026368-00026510 It is information from RAHA KENYA.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00092-00026510-00026814 Pop up store of RAHA KENYA will come soon, wihch is first time for us.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00093-00026814-00026888 Coming to Japan.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00094-00026888-00026983 Yes!!
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00095-00026983-00028016 On 29th June 2019, from 11:00 AM to 4:00 PM at Lib Co., Ltd. in Shibuya
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00096-00028054-00028254 Please come.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00097-00028320-00028544 If coming, Attars Sticker can be got, right?
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00098-00028544-00028594 Yes,
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00099-00028594-00029002 When, you say "I saw Attras or I met crazy man video",
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00100-00029002-00029332 you can get it first-come-first-served basis.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00101-00029470-00029768 This is designed by Mr. Atsushi from Attars.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00102-00029768-00029876 This is precious.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00103-00030082-00030389 10 people on a first-come, first-served basis
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00104-00030512-00030732 Please come!!
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00105-00030814-00031242 The detail is written in summary column
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00106-00031442-00031522 Thank you!!
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00107-00031682-00032058 We are recruiting name of new Youtube channel by Ms. Rie. Yes, yes.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00108-00032094-00032288 I will start Youtube.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00109-00032288-00032592 I plan to publish first Video on end of June.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00110-00032614-00033146 I will introduce and explain our products through the video.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00111-00033158-00033214 I got it.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00112-00033218-00033354 Anyway, she is cute.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00113-00033354-00033422 You are right.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00114-00033482-00033562 She is cute.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00115-00033658-00034082 From beginning to end, I was grinning when looking her.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00116-00034088-00034160 Thank you.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00117-00034206-00034318 We get drunk now.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00118-00034334-00034400 Haha.
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00119-00034468-00034994 Please visit pop up store of RAHA KENYA!!
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00120-00034994-00035334 We shall meet in Shibuya next!!
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00121-00035334-00035462 Let's go!!
YD1TPrJuy-Q-00122-00035468-00035562 Bye bye!
YEscDX6Mq70-00000-00000608-00001096 Welcome back for the people who have watched the first video of the ultimate member
YEscDX6Mq70-00001-00001304-00001800 this is the second video for the Ultimate Member Plugin
YEscDX6Mq70-00002-00001800-00002592 if you would like to watch the first video you will find the link in the description of this
YEscDX6Mq70-00003-00002592-00003352 video the Ultimate Member Plugin is a number one user profile and membership plugin for wordpress
YEscDX6Mq70-00004-00003847-00004912 in this video, I will be showing you about the forms and how to edit your default registration
YEscDX6Mq70-00005-00004912-00006024 and profile form template, and also how to add and set up for different users and user roles
YEscDX6Mq70-00006-00006344-00006623 just the facts let's get down to the video
YEscDX6Mq70-00007-00006856-00007831 welcome to video number two here we are inside of our wordpress website and
YEscDX6Mq70-00008-00007976-00008816 inside of the ultimate member if you need to watch how to set up the ultimate number
YEscDX6Mq70-00009-00008816-00009408 through the settings you will find video number one located in the description of this video
YEscDX6Mq70-00010-00009600-00010640 this is your dashboard and you can move your boxes around to wherever you would like to to see them
YEscDX6Mq70-00011-00010976-00011880 get a user cache and you can clear your cache at any time you can also purge temporary files
YEscDX6Mq70-00012-00012200-00012472 and this is your users overview
YEscDX6Mq70-00013-00012680-00013096 here it says i have 205 users 23 approved zero
YEscDX6Mq70-00014-00013096-00013560 rejected pending review awaiting email confirmation or inactive
YEscDX6Mq70-00015-00013968-00014952 the next place that you want to go to is to your user roles and this is the most important part
YEscDX6Mq70-00016-00015280-00016032 you will see here you have a number of different user roles the best thing for you to do
YEscDX6Mq70-00017-00016032-00016664 is to create a new user role in which you are going to be using with your membership
YEscDX6Mq70-00018-00016768-00016984 so you would tap on add new
YEscDX6Mq70-00019-00017272-00018384 now this is the easiest way that I found so say we're going to use the new subscriber
YEscDX6Mq70-00020-00019176-00019840 this is important because if they can access the wp mn which means they can create posts
YEscDX6Mq70-00021-00019840-00020736 and they can create their profile so I am going to click yes force hiding the admin to the front end
YEscDX6Mq70-00022-00021032-00021528 in the front end and I am not going to hide it
YEscDX6Mq70-00023-00022160-00022936 if you choose the circle with the question mark this will answer your most important question
YEscDX6Mq70-00024-00022936-00023472 this option if you need to hide the admin bar on the front end for this role and we
YEscDX6Mq70-00025-00023472-00024352 don't need to hide this because we are giving them wordpress admin this is if you choose to do this
YEscDX6Mq70-00026-00024712-00025224 can edit other members accounts and of course you don't want your new subscribers to edit
YEscDX6Mq70-00027-00025224-00025752 other members accounts can delete other members accounts can edit their own profile
YEscDX6Mq70-00028-00025872-00026392 can delete their own profile can view other members profiles
YEscDX6Mq70-00029-00026495-00027104 and here you can choose the other members of the profile that you would like to see
YEscDX6Mq70-00030-00027239-00027600 that they can view so you would just choose the ones that you want
YEscDX6Mq70-00031-00027768-00028416 can make their profile private that would be up to you and view and access files
YEscDX6Mq70-00032-00028576-00029216 you can view the default home page this is also up to you this is your home page
YEscDX6Mq70-00033-00029464-00030232 on that they would be able to look at through your admin and the registration status
YEscDX6Mq70-00034-00030552-00031024 you have auto approved require email activation require an admin to review
YEscDX6Mq70-00035-00031088-00031552 and this is also up to you if you choose to require email activation
YEscDX6Mq70-00036-00031752-00032383 a login using after validating the activation link and here you can show a custom message
YEscDX6Mq70-00037-00032648-00033232 you can also have a url redirect after email activation and this is
YEscDX6Mq70-00038-00033472-00034056 maybe or some other information that you would like to use an action to be
YEscDX6Mq70-00039-00034056-00034728 taken after login redirect to profile this here is your choice redirect to another url
YEscDX6Mq70-00040-00034808-00035208 refresh active page redirect to wordpress admin
YEscDX6Mq70-00041-00035552-00036408 if you choose redirect to the wordpress admin this will automatically sign them in to their admin and
YEscDX6Mq70-00042-00036520-00037120 i find that if you redirect to a profile sometimes people don't know what to do so i'm going to do
YEscDX6Mq70-00043-00037120-00037760 redirect to the wordpress admin and action to be taken after log out you can go to your home page
YEscDX6Mq70-00044-00037968-00038336 or you can go to a custom url just go to your home page
YEscDX6Mq70-00045-00038536-00039264 and actions to be taken after account is deleted go to home page or go to a custom
YEscDX6Mq70-00046-00039264-00039768 url so you see you have an opportunity to send people to different urls as well
YEscDX6Mq70-00047-00039944-00040784 this is what you call your word press capabilities what are you allowing them to do so here
YEscDX6Mq70-00048-00041136-00041704 you would look through each one of these and decide do you want these people who
YEscDX6Mq70-00049-00041704-00042352 are signing into your website able to do things and these are the different actions
YEscDX6Mq70-00050-00042808-00043584 edit posts edit others others post no you don't want them to edit others posts publish posts
YEscDX6Mq70-00051-00043872-00044320 read and here you want to give them a level
YEscDX6Mq70-00052-00044688-00045152 edit others pages edit publish pages publish pages delete pages
YEscDX6Mq70-00053-00045960-00046512 edit private posts read private posts and you can go through all of these different
YEscDX6Mq70-00054-00046624-00047096 options that you have right here you don't want people in your website doing things
YEscDX6Mq70-00055-00047240-00048144 that only an admin should be able to do and if you are allowing people to add
YEscDX6Mq70-00056-00048144-00049184 products and use the woocommerce then you can choose any one of these boxes here
YEscDX6Mq70-00057-00049816-00050584 so what we have is edit posts publish posts and read
YEscDX6Mq70-00058-00051448-00052064 you can also allow to upload files and manage categories
YEscDX6Mq70-00059-00052384-00052488 and then when you are done
YEscDX6Mq70-00060-00052704-00053055 you would give your role a priority number so i'm giving
YEscDX6Mq70-00061-00053055-00053344 number seven and then you would create your role
YEscDX6Mq70-00062-00053640-00054144 so this is the role of a new subscriber as an example
YEscDX6Mq70-00063-00054648-00055400 now you want to make sure that after you have done this you go into your settings into your general
YEscDX6Mq70-00064-00055640-00055912 and here you will see your site title
YEscDX6Mq70-00065-00055912-00057040 your tagline your email address and here where it says membership this is very important you
YEscDX6Mq70-00066-00057040-00057679 have to check anyone can register and then you will choose your role that you created
YEscDX6Mq70-00067-00058104-00058424 which would be right there the new subscriber
YEscDX6Mq70-00068-00058608-00059120 and then when you are done you will then just click on save changes
YEscDX6Mq70-00069-00059424-00059984 so now that you you have people are able to post
YEscDX6Mq70-00070-00060112-00060567 so you want to go in from the links
YEscDX6Mq70-00071-00061128-00061784 and you want to make sure that you have this post name selected
YEscDX6Mq70-00072-00062352-00062536 and then you would then save your
YEscDX6Mq70-00073-00062536-00063840 changes so now you have created your user roles you've made sure that people can register for
YEscDX6Mq70-00074-00063920-00064584 uh it can become a member of your blog here you will see this is what
YEscDX6Mq70-00075-00064840-00065656 your profile picture will look like and this is the size of your cover profile
YEscDX6Mq70-00076-00065872-00065984 next
YEscDX6Mq70-00077-00066216-00066280 we are going to
YEscDX6Mq70-00078-00066672-00066904 so when you go back in your
YEscDX6Mq70-00079-00067344-00067456 your ultimate number
YEscDX6Mq70-00080-00068288-00069032 into your forms here you will notice you have three default forms you have a registration
YEscDX6Mq70-00081-00069032-00069632 a login and a profile we are going to check out all three and then
YEscDX6Mq70-00082-00069904-00070856 we are going as a test so first we're going to look in the registration just click on edit
YEscDX6Mq70-00083-00071456-00072296 and here you these are the boxes that were at were added when you just see your registration
YEscDX6Mq70-00084-00072296-00072880 form you may not have any boxes there you may just have username or email and pass
YEscDX6Mq70-00085-00072968-00073816 password so this is the registration form the next form is the profile form
YEscDX6Mq70-00086-00074296-00075000 so this is very easy to register username first name email and password the profile form
YEscDX6Mq70-00087-00075544-00075784 so your default profile form
YEscDX6Mq70-00088-00075944-00076560 and i'm just going to click on the in your default profile you want to click on your edit
YEscDX6Mq70-00089-00076896-00077472 now your profile form is not going to look like this this was created
YEscDX6Mq70-00090-00077832-00078584 by using the default profile form and adding different fields
YEscDX6Mq70-00091-00078896-00079544 so now that being said this profile here not to confuse you is this profile here
YEscDX6Mq70-00092-00079680-00080616 what you add in fields to your profile is what people will be filling out for their own profile
YEscDX6Mq70-00093-00080616-00081384 information is the one that i have created to show you the example of creating a profile form
YEscDX6Mq70-00094-00081600-00082784 so then you would then click on edit just like you are editing your default profile form
YEscDX6Mq70-00095-00083120-00084184 so this is what you will be looking at
YEscDX6Mq70-00096-00084544-00085584 make sure that you are in profile form when you are building this form
YEscDX6Mq70-00097-00086112-00086984 here is where you can determine how many lines if
YEscDX6Mq70-00098-00087384-00087992 you like just in the profile we are going to do an example of both
YEscDX6Mq70-00099-00088120-00088856 so i'm just going to add another master row to show you and this will be that example
YEscDX6Mq70-00100-00088920-00089784 and then add another mouse to row this will be this example
YEscDX6Mq70-00101-00090504-00090912 okay so now we've determined how many rows we want
YEscDX6Mq70-00102-00091112-00091656 now we can start adding our fields but we'll click on this plus
YEscDX6Mq70-00103-00092248-00092896 in which you can add your fields you can click on this plus to add your fields hold on
YEscDX6Mq70-00104-00092976-00094016 this will add another row this will allow you to edit your row and we will get into that
YEscDX6Mq70-00105-00094280-00094560 to show you you can edit your row
YEscDX6Mq70-00106-00094560-00095384 settings
YEscDX6Mq70-00107-00095664-00096088 and here color by checking in
YEscDX6Mq70-00108-00096408-00097000 by clicking into the background color say i wanted it to be yellow
YEscDX6Mq70-00109-00097152-00097800 and the text color i am going to use black enable a rogue heading
YEscDX6Mq70-00110-00098072-00098184 and
YEscDX6Mq70-00111-00098440-00098648 the heading text will be
YEscDX6Mq70-00112-00099280-00099888 your info just as an example you can have a a heading background color
YEscDX6Mq70-00113-00099960-00100488 let's say we want to have that as red and of course i'm not going to be using this
YEscDX6Mq70-00114-00100488-00101344 this is just an example and the text color is black you can choose an icon
YEscDX6Mq70-00115-00101552-00102384 from 1219 available icons
YEscDX6Mq70-00116-00103304-00103416 and then choose finish
YEscDX6Mq70-00117-00103680-00105183 you can also choose the icon color
YEscDX6Mq70-00118-00106008-00106456 this is what you call padding and this is for more this is for when people are more experienced
YEscDX6Mq70-00119-00106520-00106848 in doing your editing and here you have a margin
YEscDX6Mq70-00120-00107080-00107448 so it's set at 30 pixels and you also have a border
YEscDX6Mq70-00121-00107448-00108176 if you want to change the border say i chose this or i put five and i believe this is right
YEscDX6Mq70-00122-00108911-00109159 and again this is for people who are more experienced
YEscDX6Mq70-00123-00109224-00109720 in doing the editing and you have a border radius
YEscDX6Mq70-00124-00110280-00110688 and say we have four in radius of five this is just an example
YEscDX6Mq70-00125-00110688-00111288 i don't normally use this and the border color will be
YEscDX6Mq70-00126-00111911-00112280 let's go with red so this is just an example and then i'm going to choose update
YEscDX6Mq70-00127-00112616-00113111 okay so now i've set my row and now i want to add
YEscDX6Mq70-00128-00113311-00113583 fields
YEscDX6Mq70-00129-00113848-00114304 or just click in the plus and here you will see all of your fields come up
YEscDX6Mq70-00130-00114904-00115535 and you can add a text box a number you can add a drop-down box i'll multi-select and
YEscDX6Mq70-00131-00115535-00116383 we will be going through each one of these so basically you want to have a username or email
YEscDX6Mq70-00132-00116928-00117783 and then you want to have
YEscDX6Mq70-00133-00118104-00118168 first name
YEscDX6Mq70-00134-00118432-00119240 so this is an example of using this box this type of rope here
YEscDX6Mq70-00135-00119480-00119816 and you can choose any one of these fields
YEscDX6Mq70-00136-00120016-00121152 in order for you to create the pros will be what other people see so you can have a website url
YEscDX6Mq70-00137-00121864-00123032 so as you can see i have three boxes here here is this two two boxes just simply by clicking
YEscDX6Mq70-00138-00123304-00124783 on these boxes here and this will now change from three to two to one
YEscDX6Mq70-00139-00125520-00126224 at any time you can add anything that you see in your field manager i'm just going to go over
YEscDX6Mq70-00140-00126224-00127583 the most important ones that you can add you can add a text box
YEscDX6Mq70-00141-00128800-00129424 so let's put a title in let's say the title is my
YEscDX6Mq70-00142-00129720-00130408 pet's name okay so my pet's name is the title you're going to create a
YEscDX6Mq70-00143-00130408-00130968 meta key and a meta key is is lowercase underscore
YEscDX6Mq70-00144-00131272-00131952 connected and this creates your your meta key and a label
YEscDX6Mq70-00145-00132664-00133288 you can create help text this is a clue okay so it's not
YEscDX6Mq70-00146-00133512-00134080 oscar you can create a default value and any
YEscDX6Mq70-00147-00134080-00134584 time you get stopped you just click into this circle with the check mark
YEscDX6Mq70-00148-00134704-00135080 and it will tell you this option allows you to pre-fill the field with a default
YEscDX6Mq70-00149-00135144-00136504 value prior to the user entering a value in the field leave bank to have leave blank to
YEscDX6Mq70-00150-00136504-00137440 have no default value okay and then you have the minimum length so let's say it is twenty
YEscDX6Mq70-00151-00137600-00138288 minimum number of characters to be inputted in this field oh the minimum number so the
YEscDX6Mq70-00152-00138288-00140432 minimum number let's say is three and the visibility placeholder this is the text
YEscDX6Mq70-00153-00141248-00141688 that appears within the field example please enter your email leave blank to
YEscDX6Mq70-00154-00141688-00142984 not show any placeholder text okay so no placeholder text privacy who can see it
YEscDX6Mq70-00155-00143112-00143808 and here you can use your drop down box only visible to profile owner and admin only visible to
YEscDX6Mq70-00156-00143808-00144640 profile owner specific roles only specific member roles or everyone and does it need to be validated
YEscDX6Mq70-00157-00145248-00146288 no none maximum late 20. is this field required no
YEscDX6Mq70-00158-00146416-00148584 can user edit this field yes and then choose your icon this is how you create a text field
YEscDX6Mq70-00159-00149176-00150272 you can search in the icons by typing in a word and if nothing comes up you can just choose
YEscDX6Mq70-00160-00151024-00151384 and then finish
YEscDX6Mq70-00161-00151616-00152072 and then choose add this is an example of a text
YEscDX6Mq70-00162-00152072-00152784 field
YEscDX6Mq70-00163-00154192-00154608 okay this is an example of a drop menu
YEscDX6Mq70-00164-00155008-00155584 so this is a drop down menu
YEscDX6Mq70-00165-00155688-00156400 and it is the same the same information you're going to do a title that say my pet's age
YEscDX6Mq70-00166-00156608-00157136 it's the same as your label so you're going to put your label
YEscDX6Mq70-00167-00157136-00158040 in here as the same and then your meta key and as you do this it becomes easier and
YEscDX6Mq70-00168-00158040-00158664 easier and here are your choices
YEscDX6Mq70-00169-00159072-00159824 you put one choice per line okay so two
YEscDX6Mq70-00170-00160032-00160472 three four five six
YEscDX6Mq70-00171-00160696-00161720 and view anywhere i'm sorry view everywhere choices call back and choose an icon and
YEscDX6Mq70-00172-00161720-00162736 choose add so this is your drop down menu your next example and add as many fields
YEscDX6Mq70-00173-00162736-00163424 as you would like but fields that you are adding are what people are filling out file
YEscDX6Mq70-00174-00163848-00163984 add a multi-select
YEscDX6Mq70-00175-00164312-00164488 or you could add a number
YEscDX6Mq70-00176-00164784-00165384 or you could add a number
YEscDX6Mq70-00177-00165656-00166336 actual pro forum profile form for this website i have the nickname
YEscDX6Mq70-00178-00166336-00166584 the website url i'm just going to pull up my
YEscDX6Mq70-00179-00166720-00167480 the links or urls for all social media that i keep in one place and i'm going to get my website url
YEscDX6Mq70-00180-00167720-00168184 in which i'm going to use
YEscDX6Mq70-00181-00168600-00168952 my medium url as a website just as an
YEscDX6Mq70-00182-00168952-00169584 example
YEscDX6Mq70-00183-00169808-00170984 and then youtube
YEscDX6Mq70-00184-00171672-00171712 facebook
YEscDX6Mq70-00185-00172280-00172384 twitter
YEscDX6Mq70-00186-00172816-00173080 and i don't know if if you are doing this but
YEscDX6Mq70-00187-00173144-00173784 it would be a good idea when you are in your social media platforms to start branding yourself
YEscDX6Mq70-00188-00173880-00174440 what your business name is so that you can create your online presence
YEscDX6Mq70-00189-00174752-00175184 linkedin
YEscDX6Mq70-00190-00175840-00176224 and then having all of your urls in one place
YEscDX6Mq70-00191-00176224-00176584 i'll leave the link in the description of the video that i created for that
YEscDX6Mq70-00192-00177280-00177984 they created from your business and a little bit of information about your business
YEscDX6Mq70-00193-00178040-00178840 having everything in one place really helps and then choose update your profile you scroll down
YEscDX6Mq70-00194-00179056-00179376 first of all you need to have your username and
YEscDX6Mq70-00195-00179376-00179744 your password whoops that was the wrong one i wanted my account
YEscDX6Mq70-00196-00180504-00180784 a lot of people don't know how to sign in
YEscDX6Mq70-00197-00182200-00182232 okay
YEscDX6Mq70-00198-00182512-00182784 so this is in my nickname here diy affiliate
YEscDX6Mq70-00199-00183040-00183888 i have my password so you want to go to the site item admin scroll down to see the meta site admin
YEscDX6Mq70-00200-00184848-00185352 and then this will take you into the site admin and you can also this is the
YEscDX6Mq70-00201-00185528-00186000 the front looking at right now okay but this is your dashboard
YEscDX6Mq70-00202-00186176-00186896 these are the things that you can do so here you can also add a new post
YEscDX6Mq70-00203-00187168-00187784 file tools or collapse the menu so we're just going to add a post
YEscDX6Mq70-00204-00187872-00188488 and what i would do would be to use a post that you've already created and just copy it
YEscDX6Mq70-00205-00188728-00188976 sometimes the internet is a little bit slower
YEscDX6Mq70-00206-00189128-00189800 this is right inside of the wordpress uh at the diy field affiliate
YEscDX6Mq70-00207-00190512-00190752 copy and paste something that you've already done
YEscDX6Mq70-00208-00191088-00191824 and here you can see i have yoast so it's stabilization and analysis is it needs improvement
YEscDX6Mq70-00209-00191824-00192320 so i'm not going to be working on that right now but this is your ability to be able to
YEscDX6Mq70-00210-00192472-00192712 to create a post and to optimize it
YEscDX6Mq70-00211-00192784-00193584 categories you can also add tags
YEscDX6Mq70-00212-00193768-00194320 you can add categories you can also search the categories you can add a new category
YEscDX6Mq70-00213-00194512-00195064 don't forget about your tags start typing in and you will see the information
YEscDX6Mq70-00214-00195296-00195400 propagating underneath
YEscDX6Mq70-00215-00195680-00195784 just add your tags
YEscDX6Mq70-00216-00196064-00196184 you can add an excerpt
YEscDX6Mq70-00217-00196768-00197152 when you're done you would then click publish this is just an example
YEscDX6Mq70-00218-00197336-00197584 and then if i go here to members
YEscDX6Mq70-00219-00199016-00199672 you will see yourself and even though this does look like me but this you will see your post
YEscDX6Mq70-00220-00199672-00200264 under recent posts here on this website so this will give you an opportunity to have your own
YEscDX6Mq70-00221-00200264-00201000 little niche or nook online that you can use and also be seen here on this website
YEscDX6Mq70-00222-00201344-00202056 great so just go back here you want to make sure that if you are not adding
YEscDX6Mq70-00223-00202160-00202816 the ultimate member pages into a into an already existing menu that you are creating
YEscDX6Mq70-00224-00202816-00203544 a new menu for it because the pages need to be seen so you would just choose create new menu
YEscDX6Mq70-00225-00203912-00204680 you can add the pages into an already existing menu and i have one here this menu was created
YEscDX6Mq70-00226-00204680-00205984 with the max makeup menu and i will leave the plugin in the description for you to find
YEscDX6Mq70-00227-00207336-00207544 so this is the menu that was created
YEscDX6Mq70-00228-00207776-00207984 and basically i have added all
YEscDX6Mq70-00229-00208376-00209119 of my simply by going into my pages finding all of my ultimate number
YEscDX6Mq70-00230-00209176-00209688 pages that i needed and adding it and i don't want to mess this menu up
YEscDX6Mq70-00231-00209976-00210344 but this is what this menu looks like and i will leave the link
YEscDX6Mq70-00232-00210400-00210888 in the description for you for the max menu you have your register you have your
YEscDX6Mq70-00233-00210888-00211784 login your members user account logout and password reset and it also will depend on
YEscDX6Mq70-00234-00211784-00212216 how many areas that you have where you can display your menu
YEscDX6Mq70-00235-00212560-00213216 this particular theme that i'm using has eight different areas in which you can display a menu
YEscDX6Mq70-00236-00213280-00213632 so this is a very good theme this is called member light theme
YEscDX6Mq70-00237-00214000-00214592 this would be the theme that you would be using in order to create your membership site
YEscDX6Mq70-00238-00214696-00214840 it's going to go into themes
YEscDX6Mq70-00239-00215319-00216312 i'm going to go into customize so i think i've covered i think i've covered everything
YEscDX6Mq70-00240-00216312-00216648 that you really need to know to create your membership site i am just going to
YEscDX6Mq70-00241-00216648-00217184 show you the theme i'll also leave the link in the description for the theme
YEscDX6Mq70-00242-00217464-00218584 and the internet seems to be running very slow as it's a sunday
YEscDX6Mq70-00243-00222160-00222784 anytime your computer freezes choose the reload you may lose information if you haven't saved it
YEscDX6Mq70-00244-00223536-00223736 so the active theme is called member
YEscDX6Mq70-00245-00223736-00224184 lite
YEscDX6Mq70-00246-00226048-00226984 so if you haven't registered yet then you can register by simply clicking into the register
YEscDX6Mq70-00247-00227400-00227536 filling in the information
YEscDX6Mq70-00248-00227744-00228704 activating the email and starting your account of course it'll tell me that i've already registered
YEscDX6Mq70-00249-00229304-00229992 so i look for a place where you can just make a post or a place where you can
YEscDX6Mq70-00250-00230352-00231144 connect with you then you can join this website and i can help you as a new beginner
YEscDX6Mq70-00251-00231144-00232096 to grow your online presence stay safe and have a wonderful evening
YJPzWecGM-0-00000-00000491-00000558 They said that
YJPzWecGM-0-00001-00000558-00000890 the journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step
YJPzWecGM-0-00002-00000890-00001200 my decision to come here on the Gold Coast
YJPzWecGM-0-00003-00001200-00001571 to study and work was really worthwhile.
YJPzWecGM-0-00004-00001571-00001884 When I first came here I realized how different the Gold Coast is,
YJPzWecGM-0-00005-00001884-00002191 and I said to myself I could live here forever
YJPzWecGM-0-00006-00002191-00002828 . I was ravished by the beauty of this Town.
YJPzWecGM-0-00007-00002828-00003076 Waking up to an early morning on the Gold coast is something magical,
YJPzWecGM-0-00008-00003076-00003379 the quietness from the hassle and basal of city life,
YJPzWecGM-0-00009-00003379-00003711 listening to the splashing of the waves and the whispering of the wind
YJPzWecGM-0-00010-00003711-00004094 as the waves spread onto the perfect velvet sand carpet
YJPzWecGM-0-00011-00004094-00004347 is breathtaking.
YJPzWecGM-0-00012-00004347-00004657 Even after an exhausted day at work,one look at that magical ocean,
YJPzWecGM-0-00013-00004657-00005006 gives you that energy and makes you feel like you just woke up.
YJPzWecGM-0-00014-00005006-00005333 Life here is different,
YJPzWecGM-0-00015-00005333-00005712 it slowly comes alive with people enjoying the sun,
YJPzWecGM-0-00016-00005712-00006062 giving that tropical illusion of freedom and the beauty of nature combined together.
YJPzWecGM-0-00017-00006062-00006419 The Gold Coast has endless attractions,
YJPzWecGM-0-00018-00006419-00006754 restaurants,brilliant beaches and dozens of theme parks..
YJPzWecGM-0-00019-00006754-00007178 Walking on the Coast i like the fact that almost everywhere
YJPzWecGM-0-00020-00007178-00007422 you can see water canals.
YJPzWecGM-0-00021-00007422-00007750 You can meet a lot of people,tourists who come here
YJPzWecGM-0-00022-00007750-00008125 from all over the world.There also activities for everyone
YJPzWecGM-0-00023-00008125-00008619 like sports surfing,, ski-ing.The Gold Coast is a combination
YJPzWecGM-0-00024-00008619-00008970 of a city and a country town at the same time.
YJPzWecGM-0-00025-00008970-00009313 At night it's a different story,Buildings light up the Gold Coast
YJPzWecGM-0-00026-00009313-00009771 technology takes over,it becomes a city of neon lights
YJPzWecGM-0-00027-00009771-00010104 But as I look out into the night,listening
YJPzWecGM-0-00028-00010104-00010541 the echoing waves splash,reflections of the city lights
YJPzWecGM-0-00029-00010541-00010919 on the blacken ocean give shades of light grey and mirror images
YJPzWecGM-0-00030-00010919-00011276 of the sky light up,giving a mystical
YJPzWecGM-0-00031-00011276-00011605 feeling and thinking how lucky
YJPzWecGM-0-00032-00011605-00011763 I am to be here on the Gold Coast
YJPzWecGM-0-00033-00011763-00011981 that's what people want to be happy
YKFe6UTswuA-00000-00000000-00000400 I remember what you told me
YKFe6UTswuA-00001-00000420-00000700 said I wasn't made right
YLUkSUz_0Pg-00000-00000000-00000300 Hello, this is Ming-Na.
YLUkSUz_0Pg-00001-00000300-00000800 Every year, approximately 300 children under the age of 5 drown in swimming pools and spas.
YLUkSUz_0Pg-00002-00000800-00001200 Thousands more are hospitalized after close calls.
YLUkSUz_0Pg-00003-00001200-00001500 Every single one of these deaths and injuries is preventable.
YLUkSUz_0Pg-00004-00001500-00001950 Simple steps save lives
YLUkSUz_0Pg-00005-00001950-00002600 And not just one or two steps, but multiple ones must be taken at all times to ensure safety around pools and spas.
YLUkSUz_0Pg-00006-00002600-00002900 That’s what we mean by Pool Safely.
YLUkSUz_0Pg-00007-00002900-00003300 So always apply as many of the following simple steps as possible
YLUkSUz_0Pg-00008-00003300-00003700 because you never know which safety step will save a life...
YLUkSUz_0Pg-00009-00003700-00003900 until it does.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00000-00001064-00001440 There is a big gap between the Foundation's technical activities and what editors actually
YMtdU_sjuLA-00001-00001440-00001864 need. An easy way to solve this gap is to significantly increase staff resources to
YMtdU_sjuLA-00002-00001864-00002272 the community wishlist program.This has been working well over the years but it has not had
YMtdU_sjuLA-00003-00002272-00002776 the staff capacity to fix all the requests it receives. There is also a significant backlog
YMtdU_sjuLA-00004-00002776-00003176 of technical issues some of which date back to more than decade which should be fixed.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00005-00003272-00003560 Significant improvements could be made elsewhere as well.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00006-00003615-00004064 A flexible user interface that scales with screen sizes will significantly help those using smaller
YMtdU_sjuLA-00007-00004064-00004608 devices such as mobile phones for editing. This is particularly true for Global South communities.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00008-00004688-00005208 Sister projects also particularly need technical support. For example Wikisource has huge potential
YMtdU_sjuLA-00009-00005208-00005760 to transcribe both old texts in the public domain and newer freely licensed publications; however,
YMtdU_sjuLA-00010-00005760-00006216 Wikisource desperately needs significant technical work to modernize and streamline its editing
YMtdU_sjuLA-00011-00006216-00006792 process. We also need to make it easier to embed and edit media content on Wikipedia Commons
YMtdU_sjuLA-00012-00006792-00007184 to make our content more accessible to those who struggle to learn through reading text.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00013-00007616-00008424 I am not sure about that and I don't think this is the best question to be asked. Firstly,
YMtdU_sjuLA-00014-00008520-00009152 Wikimedia Foundation technical prioritization should not necessarily reflect editors wants
YMtdU_sjuLA-00015-00009152-00009920 and needs. There are technical challenges like technological debt or infrastructure scalability,
YMtdU_sjuLA-00016-00009920-00010400 which are very important, but far from a typical editor's wish list.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00017-00010640-00011400 Also we should cater for not only current editors but also for future editors and other users
YMtdU_sjuLA-00018-00011400-00012128 like readers. They have their needs and we should be meeting them possibly well.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00019-00012280-00012863 Think about multimedia user experience and tools facilitating the best content.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00020-00013063-00013519 Secondly, I believe that in general we are spending too little on tech.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00021-00013632-00014184 Wikipedia is a top independent website and its budget is nowhere near the giants of internet.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00022-00014304-00014904 Latest annual report claims 42 percent of the total expenses to be spent on the website;
YMtdU_sjuLA-00023-00015008-00015608 however, only a fraction of this is spent on actual development and our
YMtdU_sjuLA-00024-00015608-00016104 needs with Abstract Wikipedia and promised AI [Artificial Intelligence] usage are big.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00025-00016208-00016808 In the past the scope of an investment was pretty limited. I remember Wikimedia Czechia
YMtdU_sjuLA-00026-00016808-00017664 applying for funds for an android app or Wikimedia Commons because it couldn't be funded by the WMF
YMtdU_sjuLA-00027-00017664-00018584 directly. We need to invest much more in both strategic changes and in the community wish list.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00028-00018696-00019208 This is one of key priorities I would like to support so we remain relevant
YMtdU_sjuLA-00029-00019320-00019784 and we keep and expand our audiences and user base.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00030-00020120-00020656 As a volunteer myself working extensively on outreach with education, GLAM, libraries,
YMtdU_sjuLA-00031-00020656-00021344 collaborating with governmental institutions, working on medical projects, to efforts focusing
YMtdU_sjuLA-00032-00021344-00021992 on Wiki Womxn, the gender gap and other knowledge gaps and in recent years lots of Wikidata and
YMtdU_sjuLA-00033-00022048-00022656 also as an admin on Hebrew Wikipedia, I've been acutely aware of various technical
YMtdU_sjuLA-00034-00022712-00023528 needs of the community and the necessity to invest in technological infrastructure and tools
YMtdU_sjuLA-00035-00023528-00024104 to aid the manual work that volunteers have been doing as well as working with our partners. I
YMtdU_sjuLA-00036-00024104-00024552 believe there is a known gap in that respect between what the Wikimedia Foundation is currently
YMtdU_sjuLA-00037-00024552-00025216 doing and what the community needs which is why it was important for me to address it as a trustee
YMtdU_sjuLA-00038-00025216-00025680 and work from within to improve things. Besides Community Affairs Committee
YMtdU_sjuLA-00039-00025736-00026288 that i've been heavily involved in, one of my top priorities as a trustee has been a focus on our
YMtdU_sjuLA-00040-00026288-00026808 product and technology work. I've been a member of the product and technology board committee
YMtdU_sjuLA-00041-00026808-00027495 since its inception and I have worked with our staff on strategically thinking how we can improve
YMtdU_sjuLA-00042-00027600-00028200 both the services we offer to our users as well as the services we provide to our community. I
YMtdU_sjuLA-00043-00028200-00028783 was especially interested in how we can involve our community more in what is being done in help
YMtdU_sjuLA-00044-00028783-00029392 prioritizing and addressing needs in a consistent way that is part of the Wikimedia Foundation
YMtdU_sjuLA-00045-00029392-00029895 strategy for product and tech considering that we have such a talented dev[elopment] community
YMtdU_sjuLA-00046-00029895-00030464 with amazing innovative and creative volunteers. It so happens that on August
YMtdU_sjuLA-00047-00030464-00030752 1st a new CPTO [Chief Product and Technology Officer] joined the Wikimedia Foundation,
YMtdU_sjuLA-00048-00030824-00031480 so after years of divided departments the product department and the technology department, which
YMtdU_sjuLA-00049-00031480-00032152 together consists of the majority of Wikimedia Foundation employees, we now have an opportunity
YMtdU_sjuLA-00050-00032152-00032896 to reassess that structure, to reassess how we work and find ways to work more effectively,
YMtdU_sjuLA-00051-00032896-00033464 more efficiently, as well as to address more needs that came from the community.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00052-00033536-00034080 As I noted before I believe the Wikimedia Foundation cannot do everything but I do think
YMtdU_sjuLA-00053-00034080-00034536 that we can do much better with the existing manpower and talent that we currently have,
YMtdU_sjuLA-00054-00034616-00035072 and I hope that as we better define roles, responsibility and scope
YMtdU_sjuLA-00055-00035144-00035712 what the Wikimedia Foundation cannot do other stakeholders in the movement can own and address
YMtdU_sjuLA-00056-00035712-00036512 together with our community. So technical prioritization is a process that must rest
YMtdU_sjuLA-00057-00036512-00037304 upon what the community wants and needs, as well as our vision and priorities for 2030 and this
YMtdU_sjuLA-00058-00037304-00037984 process is a challenge that we are determined to see through and make sure we address. Thank you.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00059-00038288-00038888 Okay thank you. I really do like this actually but in my opinion no I don't think so and that's why
YMtdU_sjuLA-00060-00038888-00039512 I always encourage greater collaborations between editors and the Wikimedia Foundation as a whole.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00061-00039512-00040208 And I also encourage tools or on technological tools that are DEI [Diversity, Equity, Inclusion]
YMtdU_sjuLA-00062-00040208-00041016 centered that's diversity, equity and inclusion. And just like the Wikimedia Deutschland has done
YMtdU_sjuLA-00063-00041016-00041704 with Igbo Wikimedians User Group and the Wikimedia Indonesian User Group community tools development
YMtdU_sjuLA-00064-00041704-00042224 should be encouraged, as they are the ones who know what they need. So the community knows what
YMtdU_sjuLA-00065-00042224-00042768 they need to know where it's failing them and they know where it's going to - what is going to help
YMtdU_sjuLA-00066-00042768-00043496 them. So whatever they need to promote the mission as well as whatever tools that are centered on
YMtdU_sjuLA-00067-00043496-00044416 DEI should be something for the editors and the WMF to discuss and not just the WMF being the
YMtdU_sjuLA-00068-00044416-00045056 one to make decisions on whatever tools they feel the editors need or the community needs because
YMtdU_sjuLA-00069-00045056-00045640 we can't say that I one tool will fix it or it's not possible and we can't even say that once we've
YMtdU_sjuLA-00070-00045640-00046288 invented one tool or once we've brought up one tool that we are done because just like health we
YMtdU_sjuLA-00071-00046288-00046856 can say today I'm healthy and I'm done with health because tomorrow something else can one challenge
YMtdU_sjuLA-00072-00046856-00047384 or the other can come up. So in my opinion I would still encourage greater collaborations
YMtdU_sjuLA-00073-00047384-00048056 between editors and Wikimedia Foundation in tools development so that they will have tools that
YMtdU_sjuLA-00074-00048144-00048760 are exactly what they want and which satisfied and satisfy their needs. Thank you.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00075-00049040-00049536 The WMF's technical prioritization is out of sync with what editors want and need. I am
YMtdU_sjuLA-00076-00049536-00049952 specifically running for the Board because it has no relevant technical expertise for Wikimedia's
YMtdU_sjuLA-00077-00049952-00050480 unique requirements. How can the board perform oversight and sign off on complex technical
YMtdU_sjuLA-00078-00050480-00051064 projects without even understanding the projects themselves? As i've mentioned before, we need to
YMtdU_sjuLA-00079-00051064-00051584 move to a model of bottom-up prioritization where editors and staff on the ground are determining
YMtdU_sjuLA-00080-00051584-00052112 which projects and issues get resourced and prioritized. This is a shift that will take
YMtdU_sjuLA-00081-00052112-00052600 time to implement and it'll require work on the community's part to provide actionable feedback,
YMtdU_sjuLA-00082-00052600-00053032 but I believe it is the best solution to fix our technical prioritization in the long run.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00083-00053336-00053912 First of all let me start by saying that editors wants and needs are never ending and these wants
YMtdU_sjuLA-00084-00053912-00054448 and needs differ from one editor to the next and some of them could even be conflicting in nature.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00085-00054520-00055152 So the editors wants and needs are not a clearly defined monolith. That said the Wikimedia
YMtdU_sjuLA-00086-00055152-00055688 Foundation's approach to answering the editor's requests has not been consistent over the years.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00087-00055848-00056312 Whereas for years there appeared to be a disconnect between what people wanted and what
YMtdU_sjuLA-00088-00056312-00056912 the Foundation was focusing, on excellent effort has been put in the last few years to bridge that
YMtdU_sjuLA-00089-00056912-00057584 gap and to come to a better understanding of the various wants and needs of the different users.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00090-00057720-00058152 One way in which the Foundation is trying to better address the technical needs of users
YMtdU_sjuLA-00091-00058208-00058776 is the creation of the core experiences team. For not only are the needs of veteran editors
YMtdU_sjuLA-00092-00058776-00059336 important to consider, but also the features and tools needed to grow the editor base by attracting
YMtdU_sjuLA-00093-00059336-00059936 new talent. On the other hand the Foundation has found it difficult to implement some of the most
YMtdU_sjuLA-00094-00059936-00060512 sought after changes. For example, dark mode has been on the community wish list for a while
YMtdU_sjuLA-00095-00060512-00061136 and it's yet to be resolved. IP masking is another feature that the Foundation has been working to
YMtdU_sjuLA-00096-00061136-00061767 implement it has decided to keep the users in the loop and to continually get feedback from them,
YMtdU_sjuLA-00097-00061767-00062088 which is a very good strategy for aligning with the needs of the users.
YMtdU_sjuLA-00098-00062264-00062672 While listening to the community and deciding on the priorities of what technical changes
YMtdU_sjuLA-00099-00062672-00063216 to implement is certainly commendable, one must remember that the loudest voices do
YMtdU_sjuLA-00100-00063216-00063879 not necessarily always have the most important requests. In fact underrepresented communities
YMtdU_sjuLA-00101-00063879-00064455 such as people with disabilities or small language communities are disproportionately affected by not
YMtdU_sjuLA-00102-00064455-00065064 having their needs met this could be due to a lack of knowledge to the language barrier
YMtdU_sjuLA-00103-00065064-00065568 a difficulty in presenting the issue or to the lack of significance to the general population
YMtdU_sjuLA-00104-00065720-00066128 all in all I believe that the foundation is moving on the right track and catering
YMtdU_sjuLA-00105-00066128-00066688 to the needs of different stakeholders and should continue improving on its processes to prioritize
YMtdU_sjuLA-00106-00066688-00067384 the changes to help retain existing editors to gain new ones and to strive for knowledge equity.
YOhdCRj2fR0-00000-00005042-00005784 WE CARE
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YU2yJZCfncQ-00000-00000024-00000736 within just minutes of you leaving those new links, with this caption on these with your
YU2yJZCfncQ-00001-00000736-00001400 mention quickly showing, it took only three minutes to get you to get three replies, with you on you.
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YU2yJZCfncQ-00007-00004616-00005232 sternly at 301, and let's see what happens after just 20 more minutes. now, i have until 11 pm, 8am.
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00000-00000000-00000261 Hello everybody how are you guys doing today
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00001-00000300-00000350 Uhm
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00002-00000383-00000511 Here I am playing
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00003-00000615-00000766 Wait, what is this game called?
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00004-00000766-00000966 Oh yeah Munching Masters
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00005-00001042-00001119 So basically
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00006-00001162-00001344 What Munching Masters is
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00007-00001344-00001544 Is basically, you eat stuff
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00008-00001562-00001695 like this guy over here
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00009-00001733-00001857 ...to become fat
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00010-00002079-00002345 and then you become slim
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00011-00002345-00002437 And then you eat
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00012-00002464-00002588 And then you become slim again
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00013-00002588-00002638 and then you eat
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00014-00002704-00002813 It's a never ending cycle
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00015-00002843-00002930 you know what i'm saying
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00016-00002936-00003119 I'll come back to you when im fatter
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00017-00003133-00003200 Okay guys
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00018-00003215-00003415 It looks like that I am actually at
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00019-00003462-00003512 My
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00020-00003521-00003688 max capacity which is just  10
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00021-00003697-00003865 I know that this is super
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00022-00003894-00003954 Useless
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00023-00003991-00004155 But this music is super good tho
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00024-00004167-00004217 Listen to it
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00025-00004610-00004678 Isn't it good?
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00026-00004718-00004813 Thats what i'm saying
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00027-00004864-00004932 FAT REPORT
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00028-00004993-00005193 As you can see I have actually gotten fatter
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00029-00005324-00005524 and I also have a belly sticking out
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00030-00005546-00005652 Which is very cool
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00031-00005670-00005720 i think
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00032-00005736-00005794 and now
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00033-00005888-00005982 Watch me as I shrink
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00034-00006259-00006337 Fat report
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00035-00006380-00006580 I dont wan to do fat reports anymore
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00036-00006617-00006667 So...
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00037-00006684-00006884 I am going to leave this fat report stuff
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00038-00006939-00006989 BUT
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00039-00006993-00007193 Let me check in on the other people
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00040-00007200-00007285 If you know what I am saying
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00041-00007344-00007544 So this guy is eating a....
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00042-00007620-00007734 Electrified pie
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00043-00007822-00008062 And yes electrified is a word I just invented it
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00044-00008188-00008263 INVENTED IT
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00045-00008338-00008388 yes
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00046-00008614-00008883 and this guy is eating the worlds biggest hotdog
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00047-00009140-00009289 WAIT WAIT WAIT WAIT NO NO NO NO NO
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00048-00009356-00009464 IM NOT A HOTDOG
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00049-00009493-00009693 DUDE DUDE DUDE IM NOT A HOTDOG
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00050-00009903-00010051 oh woah woah woah
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00051-00010058-00010204 Who'se this guy then?
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00052-00010262-00010390 Big Johno
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00053-00010534-00010661 Hey there pal, you hungry?
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00054-00010692-00010759 Yes I am
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00055-00010788-00010838 Very much 
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00056-00011024-00011074 what?
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00057-00011200-00011319 you're not done eating yet
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00058-00011402-00011602 WELL WHAT WAS MY TASK I SAW THAT I HAD TO DO
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00059-00011605-00011735 SOMETHING with Big Johno
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00060-00011752-00011952 I actually had a toh tas oh no
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00061-00011979-00012204 I actually had a TASK Big Johno
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00062-00012307-00012469 You must be stuffed! Here's your reward
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00063-00012719-00012769 Ready for more?
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00064-00012773-00012848 Yes i am
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00065-00012888-00012938 NO
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00066-00013010-00013066 Please tellm
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00067-00013106-00013239 Ok, I think its said
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00068-00013353-00013476 Hit 50 times
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00069-00013487-00013644 Or maybe I just read that wrong
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00070-00013657-00013835 Ouu look how fat quickly I am getting
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00071-00013852-00013922 Look at me guys
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00072-00014138-00014235 you saw that right?
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00073-00014408-00014608 Yeees, keep eating
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00074-00014674-00014742 Yeeees
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00075-00014847-00014949 WAIT WAIT NO NO NO
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00076-00014969-00015044 NOT AGAIN
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00077-00015064-00015264 Oh no he ate me
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00078-00015404-00015604 AND he put me in the wheat field 
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00079-00015634-00015808 Sometimes I dont even know what to say
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00080-00015851-00016051 LOOK HOW BIG I AM NOW!!
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00081-00016290-00016359 wanna fight wanna fight
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00082-00016455-00016505 How do I fight people?
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00083-00016560-00016760 I don't wanna fight him because he's just going to bite me
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00084-00016967-00017031 How do I fight then?
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00085-00017200-00017250 OH
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00086-00017421-00017531 Ohh ok
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00087-00017580-00017722 COME ON COME ON COME ON
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00088-00017764-00017814 FIGHT ME
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00089-00017850-00017900 fight me
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00090-00017928-00017978 fight me
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00091-00018000-00018050 fight me
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00092-00018053-00018103 fight me
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00093-00018103-00018153 fight me
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00094-00018174-00018224 fight me
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00095-00018242-00018292 fight me
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00096-00018363-00018413 fight me
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00097-00018432-00018632 OOOOH OOOH OUU OUUU OUUU OOUUUUU
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00098-00018698-00018748 OUUU
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00099-00018782-00018982 YES YES YES YES YES
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00100-00019005-00019055 YEEAAASSSSSSSS
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00101-00019527-00019577 thats right
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00102-00020320-00020370 bad
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00103-00020393-00020593 saying bad over and over again
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00104-00020681-00020881 IM So proud of myself guys omg!! 
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00105-00020903-00021148 Anyways uhm I think that was that for thisvideo
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00106-00021213-00021263 uhm...
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00107-00021297-00021497 HAVE A NICE DAY BYE BYE EVERYBODY and...
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00108-00021623-00021724 make sure to eat
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00109-00021760-00021891 so you become like this guy
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00110-00021947-00022147 eat a lot of hot dogs okay??
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00111-00022192-00022392 but that was that uhm uhm uhm wait i gotta...
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00112-00022581-00022781 ROBLOX
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00113-00022886-00023086 ROBLOX
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00114-00023153-00023353 ROBLOX
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00115-00023463-00023513 ROBLOX
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00116-00023654-00023913 but uhm, just bye bye and have a good day
YZ4OYiHMkIE-00117-00024359-00024559 aw i need a better outro
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00000-00000128-00000308 Adding and editing text.
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00001-00000440-00000790 In many places in Moodle where you can type in text,
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00002-00000791-00001000 you will see Moodle's purpose-built editor
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00003-00001000-00001361 known as Atto. We see it here in a topic
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00004-00001361-00001670 section summary. Many of the icons you'll
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00005-00001670-00001882 know from word processing or other
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00006-00001882-00002120 online programs but some may be
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00007-00002120-00002453 unfamiliar. The link icon allows you to
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00008-00002453-00002708 link text to an external website or an
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00009-00002708-00003020 uploaded file. For instance, if we
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00010-00003020-00003385 select the text BBC talk French and then
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00011-00003385-00003661 click the link, a pop-up appears allowing
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00012-00003661-00004048 us to paste in a URL or web address. The
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00013-00004048-00004264 text will change colour but note that the
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00014-00004264-00004610 link will only work once you've saved the changes.
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00015-00004648-00004892 The media icon here offers
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00016-00004892-00005105 many options for adding sound and video
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00017-00005105-00005429 along with thumbnail images and subtitles.
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00018-00005530-00005710 We explore adding media in a
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00019-00005710-00005826 later video.
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00020-00006310-00006628 The Atto editor allows you to drag and
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00021-00006628-00006895 drop images directly onto the textbox.
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00022-00006895-00007117 Something we look at in another video
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00023-00007117-00007515 and it automatically saves what you type
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00024-00007515-00007750 so if you have to leave it for a while
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00025-00007750-00007945 or you accidentally go on to a different
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00026-00007945-00008164 page or lose your connection,
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00027-00008164-00008458 you don't have to start again.
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00028-00008458-00008773 Two other useful icons are here: they
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00029-00008773-00008998 help ensure your text is designed well
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00030-00008998-00009229 to make it accessible for everyone on
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00031-00009229-00009475 all devices including people with
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00032-00009475-00009694 restricted sight who use screen readers.
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00033-00009694-00010015 If you really want to use different
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00034-00010015-00010243 colours and different font styles and you
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00035-00010243-00010504 know about design, you can change your
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00036-00010504-00010801 editor if your admin allows by going to
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00037-00010801-00011074 the user menu top right, clicking on
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00038-00011074-00011389 Preferences then editor preferences.
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00039-00011389-00011752 Technical people might choose plain text
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00040-00011752-00012124 if they want to add code, and TinyMCE is
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00041-00012124-00012328 an alternative editor which many people
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00042-00012328-00012637 know from other online software such as
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00043-00012637-00012945 blogging software. If we select it you can
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00044-00012945-00013269 see what it looks like, and again the
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00045-00013269-00013552 hamburger icon top-left allows you to
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00046-00013552-00013816 expand the toolbar for more options.
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00047-00013816-00014179 However, TinyMCE does not have the same
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00048-00014179-00014479 features as Atto and for that reason we
YaPWGBxxZ-0-00049-00014479-00014825 suggest you use Moodle's own editor Atto.
YcHpKJWWs5U-00000-00000494-00000961 I'm Cpl. Alexandra Guender. I'm  an avionics technician, 6332.
YcHpKJWWs5U-00001-00000996-00001243 Avionics, you know, my part  and I love it, and that's my job,
YcHpKJWWs5U-00002-00001244-00001562 but we're all a real integral  part to the Harrier working.
YcHpKJWWs5U-00003-00001562-00002039 This Harrier, you know, and any jet for that matter  wouldn't work without all these systems,
YcHpKJWWs5U-00004-00002039-00002220 and all of these systems  go together to make a jet.
YcHpKJWWs5U-00005-00002250-00002520 It's just not one system  or one shop, you know,
YcHpKJWWs5U-00006-00002532-00002862 powerline, airframes, avionics,  C shop, ordinance, you know,
YcHpKJWWs5U-00007-00002862-00003092 even maintenance patrol, who  don't necessarily touch the jet.
YcHpKJWWs5U-00008-00003092-00003415 We're all very important to making  this jet fly safe for our pilots,
YcHpKJWWs5U-00009-00003415-00003747 safe for the communities and  also to, you know, help us out
YcHpKJWWs5U-00010-00003747-00004136 when we're doing training events like this, or going overseas to try to help our ground units stay safe.
YcHpKJWWs5U-00011-00004136-00004476 We're all very integral parts of making sure that this Harrier works.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00000-00000000-00000200 Hello
YeCWfCQPmgI-00001-00000200-00000400 I'm kuritsumi.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00002-00000556-00000756 Today I'm opening a deluxe Beast Driver from
YeCWfCQPmgI-00003-00000756-00000956 Kamen Rider Wizard.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00004-00001052-00001476 Here is what the package looks like.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00005-00001476-00001766 And this is the back of the package.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00006-00001952-00002382 Here is what the inside looks like.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00007-00002446-00002664 This is a Beast Wizard Ring.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00008-00002934-00003134 Falcon Ring.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00009-00003134-00003326 Chameleon Ring.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00010-00003778-00004056 Let's transform!?
YeCWfCQPmgI-00011-00004098-00004514 I think this ring goes to this side?
YeCWfCQPmgI-00012-00004548-00004950 Maybe the other side.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00013-00005648-00005848 And give a twist!
YeCWfCQPmgI-00014-00009982-00010182 Chameleon!
YeCWfCQPmgI-00015-00011546-00011746 And a special attack.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00016-00012672-00013163 Alright, so I opened a Beast Driver today.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00017-00013241-00013656 The face of the golden lion is so shiny.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00018-00013656-00013912 Personally I like this design.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00019-00013912-00014104 It's cool, isn't it?
YeCWfCQPmgI-00020-00014502-00014702 I also liked twisting the rings.
YeCWfCQPmgI-00021-00014888-00015088 Well, that's it. (I got lazy. lol)
YlYlIhuPFdI-00000-00000000-00002346 Rasam Powder
YlYlIhuPFdI-00002-00007812-00008820 Dry Roast each ingredient separately, Cool down and Grind into a powder
YlYlIhuPFdI-00004-00017686-00019528 Dry roast Chillies
YlYlIhuPFdI-00006-00022728-00025134 Dry roast Jeera.
YlYlIhuPFdI-00008-00030010-00031136 Let this cool down and grind into a powder
YlYlIhuPFdI-00009-00031136-00031850 Now transfer the Rasam  powder to a plate and cool down completely.  Now store this in an air tight container
YlYlIhuPFdI-00010-00031850-00033492 So Rasam Powder is ready and try this recipe and enjoy awesome Rasam.  Watch other Recipes.  Post your comments and subscribe for more recipes.  Click the Bell Icon to receive New video Notification.  Thank you
00AZ_Qf6adA-00000-00000110-00000624 International experience is really an important part of my job accessing
00AZ_Qf6adA-00001-00000624-00000986 technologies from around the world and also learning how we can do a better job
00AZ_Qf6adA-00002-00000986-00001422 of designing our products to match the wide variety of environments that we
00AZ_Qf6adA-00003-00001422-00002018 encounter in many applications around the world basically we're looking
00AZ_Qf6adA-00004-00002018-00002450 for engineers that are bright or curious who are well founded in the basics which
00AZ_Qf6adA-00005-00002450-00003006 they can certainly get at Purdue and we count on Purdue delivery but also have
00AZ_Qf6adA-00006-00003006-00003587 the ability to work in teams to ability to communicate and as the topic of the
00AZ_Qf6adA-00007-00003587-00004121 conversation today goes along I really have international experience and the
00AZ_Qf6adA-00008-00004121-00004623 ability to value and engage people from different cultures from around the world
00AZ_Qf6adA-00009-00004623-00005144 a couple of things that have changed in engineering is we're certainly more
00AZ_Qf6adA-00010-00005144-00005778 international in scope we're more interdisciplinary in scope both of those
00AZ_Qf6adA-00011-00005778-00006203 require communication skills that are different than in the past people have
00AZ_Qf6adA-00012-00006203-00006645 to be able to accept ideas from other folks to understand the context that
00AZ_Qf6adA-00013-00006645-00007014 they're coming from one thing that has not changed about engineering is
00AZ_Qf6adA-00014-00007014-00007445 engineering is still a social exercise so we have to be able to work in teams
00AZ_Qf6adA-00015-00007445-00007820 we have to understand our customers so that we can deliver products to them
00AZ_Qf6adA-00016-00007820-00008507 that they can use very effectively will value in all their applications I think
00AZ_Qf6adA-00017-00008507-00008904 from in the context of international experience there are several things
00AZ_Qf6adA-00018-00008904-00009311 students can do one is just take a foreign language any foreign language it
00AZ_Qf6adA-00019-00009311-00009786 will expose them to different cultures it will also expose them to some of the
00AZ_Qf6adA-00020-00009786-00010196 issues other people have as they're trying to communicate with us in English
00AZ_Qf6adA-00021-00010196-00010628 so it develops that sensitivity and the ability to communicate people in their
00AZ_Qf6adA-00022-00010628-00011093 in their own language I think just getting out there taking the opportunity
00AZ_Qf6adA-00023-00011093-00011589 to travel abroad and taking opportunities that Purdue will offer for
00AZ_Qf6adA-00024-00011589-00011975 study abroad well one of those programs that they could take advantage obviously
00AZ_Qf6adA-00025-00011975-00012422 gear program in mechanical engineering that has connections with Carlsberg
00AZ_Qf6adA-00026-00012422-00013005 Germany with Shanghai and China and Mumbai and India so that students can go
00AZ_Qf6adA-00027-00013005-00013369 there to teach and to do projects and to meet students in those
00AZ_Qf6adA-00028-00013369-00013861 locations so anything that they can do to broaden their exposure even learning
00AZ_Qf6adA-00029-00013861-00014266 from international students at Purdue which is a wonderful environment to meet
00AZ_Qf6adA-00030-00014266-00014629 people from other countries and to really learn about their experiences and
00AZ_Qf6adA-00031-00014629-00015201 how they view life differently in their countries compared to the u.s.
01XcHBkiKzg-00000-00000356-00000702 hello and welcome to organic health revelations
01XcHBkiKzg-00001-00000702-00001151 I'm Robert Lee's and in this video we're going to cover 23 proven discoveries
01XcHBkiKzg-00002-00001151-00001773 turmeric acts as a phytochemical before we begin for those that aren't aware of
01XcHBkiKzg-00003-00001773-00002402 a phytochemical well they are chemicals found in plants that contain agents with
01XcHBkiKzg-00004-00002402-00003147 the purpose to grow slow or stop properties and in turmeric scenario it's
01XcHBkiKzg-00005-00003147-00004103 all about the health so here are 23 ways tumeric X as a photochemical anti
01XcHBkiKzg-00006-00004103-00004748 cytotoxic commonly produced chemical drug also known as antineoplastic s'
01XcHBkiKzg-00007-00004748-00005532 ahran treatments against cancer anti biotic a common benefit from turmeric
01XcHBkiKzg-00008-00005532-00006276 which inhibits the growth of microorganisms anti microbial an agent
01XcHBkiKzg-00009-00006276-00006945 which kills and stops the growth of microorganisms anti purulent fights
01XcHBkiKzg-00010-00006945-00007608 against discharge caused by wounds and infections antioxidant removing
01XcHBkiKzg-00011-00007608-00008411 oxidizing agents causing potential harm anti-amyloid o genic this tomb is used
01XcHBkiKzg-00012-00008411-00009110 for treatments in the fight against Alzheimer's disease insulin sensitizing
01XcHBkiKzg-00013-00009110-00009563 helping in to the improvement of sensitivity with peripheral tissue
01XcHBkiKzg-00014-00009563-00010425 decreasing insulin levels and ro jinuk the promotion of natural steroid hormone
01XcHBkiKzg-00015-00010425-00011313 and male development anti fibrotic an agent which reduces fibrosis Geno
01XcHBkiKzg-00016-00011313-00012110 protective protects your genes from carrying harmful conditions antifungal
01XcHBkiKzg-00017-00012110-00012585 kills common fungal growth anti-inflammatory one of the most
01XcHBkiKzg-00018-00012585-00013236 talked-about facts of turmeric benefits niro restorative this is why I call it a
01XcHBkiKzg-00019-00013236-00013568 godly vegetable as it assists with the renewal of brain
01XcHBkiKzg-00020-00013568-00014159 and spinal tissue metal chelating properties helps to bond important
01XcHBkiKzg-00021-00014159-00014725 middle was required for sustainability antiviral protection prevention
01XcHBkiKzg-00022-00014725-00015485 incumbents viral and fish station immuno jul 18 says and stimulates the immune
01XcHBkiKzg-00023-00015485-00016235 system anti catabolic prevention of the loss of muscle and being and muscle
01XcHBkiKzg-00024-00016235-00016865 being broken down anti-carcinogenic counteracting the effects of carcinogen
01XcHBkiKzg-00025-00016865-00017525 and carcinogenic entering the body antiproliferative restrains and
01XcHBkiKzg-00026-00017525-00018158 restricts the growth of Gemma's rino protective supports the adrenal system
01XcHBkiKzg-00027-00018158-00018898 protecting kidneys from harmful liquids and drugs anticoagulant prevent blood
01XcHBkiKzg-00028-00018898-00019553 clotting in a common natural blood thinner antiseptic fights against
01XcHBkiKzg-00029-00019553-00020273 infection to the skin increased metabolic function proven to help burn
01XcHBkiKzg-00030-00020273-00021062 cholesterol and fatty acids which cause a B City that's why I love to Merck let
01XcHBkiKzg-00031-00021062-00021551 list has been put together from verified clinical papers from a well researched
01XcHBkiKzg-00032-00021551-00021989 article I have on best online to miracle supplement reviews.com forward slash
01XcHBkiKzg-00033-00021989-00022541 latest research on turmeric where you can discover much more turmeric news
01XcHBkiKzg-00034-00022541-00023135 reviews and recipes and we do hope you enjoyed this information if you did we
01XcHBkiKzg-00035-00023135-00023741 love it when our videos receiver thumbs up or gain at health revelations YouTube
01XcHBkiKzg-00036-00023741-00024140 channel would love your support in our in need of a thousand subscribers to
01XcHBkiKzg-00037-00024140-00024662 really get rolling so if you love your health and one up to up-to-date hints
01XcHBkiKzg-00038-00024662-00025306 and tips and informative info please hit the subscribe button now
03YzI-8yCZI-00000-00000060-00001471 (Music)
03YzI-8yCZI-00001-00001471-00001895 The Recovery Month observance held each September celebrates
03YzI-8yCZI-00002-00001895-00002298 people in recovery, raises our awareness and understanding of
03YzI-8yCZI-00003-00002298-00002712 mental and substance use disorders, and recognizes those
03YzI-8yCZI-00004-00002712-00003016 who work in the field of behavioral health.
03YzI-8yCZI-00005-00003016-00003353 The journey of recovery is a shared experience.
03YzI-8yCZI-00006-00003353-00003670 Those struggling with mental and substance use disorders
03YzI-8yCZI-00007-00003670-00003903 share their stories with each other and
03YzI-8yCZI-00008-00003903-00004194 give each other encouragement.
03YzI-8yCZI-00009-00004194-00004424 The stories of recovery are the stories of
03YzI-8yCZI-00010-00004424-00004688 our family members, our friends, and
03YzI-8yCZI-00011-00004688-00005001 the people we meet every day in our communities.
03YzI-8yCZI-00012-00005001-00005382 As they succeed in living self-directed lives and
03YzI-8yCZI-00013-00005382-00005558 achieving their full potential,
03YzI-8yCZI-00014-00005558-00005982 we see the benefits of recovery not only for the individual,
03YzI-8yCZI-00015-00005982-00006373 but for their family, friends, and community.
03YzI-8yCZI-00016-00006373-00006683 As we hear their stories, we learn that while
03YzI-8yCZI-00017-00006683-00007030 the journey of recovery follows many different pathways,
03YzI-8yCZI-00018-00007030-00007427 progress on every one of those pathways depends on
03YzI-8yCZI-00019-00007427-00007931 relationships marked by care, support, and respect.
03YzI-8yCZI-00020-00007931-00008355 Prevention works, treatment is effective, and
03YzI-8yCZI-00021-00008355-00008752 people can - and do - recover from these conditions.
04BBRcPNNjE-00000-00000296-00000604 Childhood can be hard.
04BBRcPNNjE-00001-00000604-00000859 They say your experiences define you.
04BBRcPNNjE-00002-00000859-00001217 How will you let yours define you?
04BBRcPNNjE-00003-00001217-00001628 I am the teacher I wished had realized my lack of focus was because we couldn't afford
04BBRcPNNjE-00004-00001628-00001764 food.
04BBRcPNNjE-00005-00001764-00002248 I am the foster parent I wish had given me the safety of home when I lost mine.
04BBRcPNNjE-00006-00002248-00002702 I am the doctor I wish had asked about my bruises.
04BBRcPNNjE-00007-00002702-00003084 I am the school counselor I wish had been there when my mom's drug addiction took her
04BBRcPNNjE-00008-00003084-00003259 life.
04BBRcPNNjE-00009-00003259-00003779 I am the police officer I wish had seen my dad's manipulation for the abuse that it was.
04BBRcPNNjE-00010-00003779-00004262 62% of adults have experienced some form of childhood trauma.
04BBRcPNNjE-00011-00004262-00004917 This can lead to depression, anxiety, alcoholism, drug use, and premature death.
04BBRcPNNjE-00012-00004917-00005160 But it doesn't have to.
04BBRcPNNjE-00013-00005160-00005260 I am kind.
04BBRcPNNjE-00014-00005260-00005399 I am strong.
04BBRcPNNjE-00015-00005399-00005528 I am unique.
04BBRcPNNjE-00016-00005528-00005698 I am resilient.
04BBRcPNNjE-00017-00005698-00006164 I am these things because of my experiences, not in spite of them.
04BBRcPNNjE-00018-00006164-00006545 Now I am the person I needed when I was a child.
04BBRcPNNjE-00019-00006545-00006854 They say your experiences define you.
04BBRcPNNjE-00020-00006854-00007170 Be the person you needed when you were a child.
0669-cN2mWc-00000-00000187-00000389 You are a Master Running Coach. What does that mean?
0669-cN2mWc-00001-00000405-00000823 ...after, I've been coaching and training lot of people
0669-cN2mWc-00002-00000823-00001127 I didn't just coach
0669-cN2mWc-00003-00001127-00001453 people in sport but I also coached
0669-cN2mWc-00004-00001453-00001773 people in performance,
0669-cN2mWc-00005-00001773-00002091 with performance I mean also motivation,
0669-cN2mWc-00006-00002091-00002436 I also hold a Master in NLP
0669-cN2mWc-00007-00002436-00002756 so since I was young
0669-cN2mWc-00008-00002756-00003156 I've always liked and loved personal growth as well, so this is another side
0669-cN2mWc-00010-00003180-00003504 of what I
0669-cN2mWc-00011-00003504-00003832 have with me as background, but
0669-cN2mWc-00012-00003832-00004273 you know, even though I was training people
0669-cN2mWc-00013-00004273-00004651 I was an athlete, I am an athlete myself
0669-cN2mWc-00014-00004651-00005017 but I was getting injured all the time and
0669-cN2mWc-00015-00005017-00005599 for me consistency is something really important so
0669-cN2mWc-00016-00005599-00005906 if I was injured and I coached people
0669-cN2mWc-00017-00005906-00006344 there was something missing, I mean, I was like "How can I coach this
0669-cN2mWc-00018-00006344-00006550 people telling that I can bring them
0669-cN2mWc-00019-00006550-00006884 to better performances where
0669-cN2mWc-00020-00006884-00007439 myself, me...myself is injured, I get injured!"
0669-cN2mWc-00021-00007439-00007794 so I started to to study more and
0669-cN2mWc-00022-00007794-00008106 to find the key to this
0669-cN2mWc-00023-00008106-00008434 this missing link and
0669-cN2mWc-00024-00008434-00008781 I started a queste, I went trough seminars
0669-cN2mWc-00025-00008781-00009150 and lot of training around the world and
0669-cN2mWc-00026-00009150-00009524 fortunately I could find
0669-cN2mWc-00027-00009524-00009827 lot of answers online but still
0669-cN2mWc-00028-00009827-00010165 I wasn't getting what I wanted to get
0669-cN2mWc-00029-00010165-00010697 but fortunately during a trip
0669-cN2mWc-00030-00010697-00011126 in London I met Lee Saxby, which is a
0669-cN2mWc-00031-00011126-00011554 great running coach himself and a biomechanic
0669-cN2mWc-00032-00011554-00011886 one of the best in the world, he trains
0669-cN2mWc-00033-00011886-00012186 professional athletes, as well as
0669-cN2mWc-00034-00012186-00012534 trainers, Olympic athlete's' trainers
0669-cN2mWc-00035-00012534-00012897 so I with him after 
0669-cN2mWc-00036-00012897-00013260 a nice chat invited me to
0669-cN2mWc-00037-00013260-00013743 see my run and he gave me a great analysis on my run
0669-cN2mWc-00038-00013743-00014119 and we started to, I mean,
0669-cN2mWc-00039-00014119-00014459 he started to coach me and I was impressed
0669-cN2mWc-00040-00014459-00014887 from what he do and
0669-cN2mWc-00041-00014887-00015202 I told myself that I wanted to get to his level
0669-cN2mWc-00042-00015202-00015512 in order to then bring this
0669-cN2mWc-00043-00015512-00015844 valuable thing to other people and
0669-cN2mWc-00044-00015844-00016260 fortunately he started an academy and he started to coach
0669-cN2mWc-00045-00016260-00016634 coaches and to instruct
0669-cN2mWc-00046-00016634-00016990 people who want to become coaches
0669-cN2mWc-00047-00016990-00017318 and after many years
0669-cN2mWc-00048-00017318-00017851 of training of experience
0669-cN2mWc-00049-00017851-00018154 he nominated me one of his
0669-cN2mWc-00050-00018154-00018490 Master Coaches so now I'm one
0669-cN2mWc-00051-00018490-00018834 among few Master Coaches around the world
0669-cN2mWc-00052-00018834-00019201 I'm proud of that!
0669-cN2mWc-00053-00019201-00019577 But the best thing is not the recognition
0669-cN2mWc-00054-00019577-00019998 is that now I have the skills, I feel I have the skills
0669-cN2mWc-00055-00019998-00020307 and I can truly help eople
0669-cN2mWc-00056-00020307-00020823 achieving what they want to achieve in their running, but not just in the running
0669-cN2mWc-00057-00020823-00021163 also in the movement because of course
0669-cN2mWc-00058-00021163-00021689 everybody wants to run better, but to run better you have to be able to move better
0669-cN2mWc-00059-00021696-00022018 so this helps not only your running performance
0669-cN2mWc-00060-00022018-00022266 but in your everyday performance.
0669-cN2mWc-00061-00022268-00022466 Before being a runner
0669-cN2mWc-00062-00022468-00022760 we are a football player or a golf player or
0669-cN2mWc-00063-00022760-00023173 whatever your sport is, you are a person, a human
0669-cN2mWc-00064-00023173-00023479 and 80% of the movement we do
0669-cN2mWc-00065-00023479-00023935 in each sport is first humans moment so you have to be able
0669-cN2mWc-00066-00023935-00024248 to do humans moment before you go and do
0669-cN2mWc-00067-00024248-00024557 your specific sport which is just 20% of
0669-cN2mWc-00068-00024557-00024679 movement you do.
07pGxIyr9_u-00000-00000176-00000527 Johanna Lampe:
Great, good afternoon, and thanks much, Cindy, and also many thanks to
07pGxIyr9_u-00001-00000527-00000950 Lita and the organizing committee for the opportunity to participate in this meeting.
07pGxIyr9_u-00002-00000950-00001328 It really has been fantastic.
07pGxIyr9_u-00003-00001328-00001743 By way of introduction, my background is in nutrition, so I'm going to take more of a
07pGxIyr9_u-00004-00001743-00002506 nutrition-centric view of our discussion about relationships between the gut microbial community
07pGxIyr9_u-00005-00002506-00003127 and diet. And also, before I start, I'd also like to acknowledge my colleague Meredith
07pGxIyr9_u-00006-00003127-00003585 Hullar, who's a microbial ecologist, who's been working with us for a number of years
07pGxIyr9_u-00007-00003585-00004203 now, who really has helped in our group beginning to think about some of the interactions and
07pGxIyr9_u-00008-00004203-00004724 the issues with regards to these relationships.
07pGxIyr9_u-00009-00004724-00005337 So from a nutritional standpoint, when we think about health and risk of disease, often
07pGxIyr9_u-00010-00005337-00006237 this is the very broad and general paradigm, is that aspects of diet are influencing risk
07pGxIyr9_u-00011-00006237-00006731 of disease. And in many cases, we focus primarily on a number of chronic diseases that we're
07pGxIyr9_u-00012-00006731-00007195 faced with from a public health standpoint. And we can think about this, not only from
07pGxIyr9_u-00013-00007195-00007931 the standpoint of fuel availability, which certainly, in the last number of years, has
07pGxIyr9_u-00014-00007931-00008673 come to the fore front with our concerns over adiposity and the implications of our increase
07pGxIyr9_u-00015-00008673-00009364 in obesity in the Western world, but also the aspect of other dietary constituents,
07pGxIyr9_u-00016-00009364-00009920 whether they be recognized as central nutrients, or a whole host of other components of diet
07pGxIyr9_u-00017-00009920-00010348 that can influence various aspects of disease risk.
07pGxIyr9_u-00018-00010348-00010903 In the context of our discussion today, then, we're really thinking about the gut microbial
07pGxIyr9_u-00019-00010903-00011490 community as a potential modifier of effective diet. Certainly we've heard a lot of discussion
07pGxIyr9_u-00020-00011490-00012384 about how various microbes can have direct effects on tissues and on the human system,
07pGxIyr9_u-00021-00012384-00013144 but also the potential for the gut microbial community to influence fuel availability and
07pGxIyr9_u-00022-00013144-00013818 modulation of signaling that affects energy balance, but also the impact of the gut microbes
07pGxIyr9_u-00023-00013818-00014496 on various other dietary constituents. So I'll really focus on this piece today. We've
07pGxIyr9_u-00024-00014496-00014950 also heard, in a number of presentations, the capacity for diet to directly affect the
07pGxIyr9_u-00025-00014950-00015531 gut microbial community. So there's always that back-and-forth connection.
07pGxIyr9_u-00026-00015531-00016081 So as far as discussion today, I'd like to address a couple of questions in a very broad
07pGxIyr9_u-00027-00016081-00016576 sense. And I think this is really more to bring us back to thinking about the complexity
07pGxIyr9_u-00028-00016576-00017249 of studying the gut microbial community and the various other aspects of exposures in
07pGxIyr9_u-00029-00017249-00017871 humans or other animals, and how this may impact on the community structure.
07pGxIyr9_u-00030-00017871-00018393 So, first of all, what are the gut microbes doing with our food? What is the effect of
07pGxIyr9_u-00031-00018393-00019143 the gut microbiome on host dietary exposures, particularly in the context of a lot of population-based
07pGxIyr9_u-00032-00019143-00019656 studies, where we often rely heavily on a food frequency questionnaire to try to identify
07pGxIyr9_u-00033-00019656-00020340 dietary exposure. But to what extent is that really capturing what's going on in vivo?
07pGxIyr9_u-00034-00020340-00020834 And how might this influence disease risk in the cases where we have some examples of
07pGxIyr9_u-00035-00020834-00021438 this? So I really -- certainly, this is very broad. It's also capturing a couple of examples,
07pGxIyr9_u-00036-00021438-00021981 by no means comprehensive. And many of you can bring up addition examples that we can
07pGxIyr9_u-00037-00021981-00022540 discuss, too. And then I'll finish with gaps, needs, and challenges.
07pGxIyr9_u-00038-00022540-00023080 So there's no question about it, the human diet is extremely complex, which means, when
07pGxIyr9_u-00039-00023080-00023498 we come to think about it, we're not only dealing with exposure to thousands of compounds
07pGxIyr9_u-00040-00023498-00024137 on a daily basis, but also how we handle food, whether it be processing in a factory, whether
07pGxIyr9_u-00041-00024137-00024848 it be how we are preparing a meal in the kitchen. But various aspects of this can affect structure
07pGxIyr9_u-00042-00024848-00025576 and particle size, bioavailability of compounds to the host. And with reduced bioavailability
07pGxIyr9_u-00043-00025576-00026372 of compounds to the host, what you're actually, likely seeing is bioavailability of substrates
07pGxIyr9_u-00044-00026372-00026672 to the microbiome.
07pGxIyr9_u-00045-00026672-00027248 Tend to think about this with regards to gut microbial metabolism designed to make the
07pGxIyr9_u-00046-00027248-00028011 most of the situation. And in the context of flow of food through the gastrointestinal
07pGxIyr9_u-00047-00028011-00028656 tract, really first line of handling is through human digestion. And often, when we go back
07pGxIyr9_u-00048-00028656-00029356 to the old nutrition and medical textbooks, we're really focusing only on what we can
07pGxIyr9_u-00049-00029356-00029925 handle in the way of enzymatic reactions that allow for availability of nutrients and energy
07pGxIyr9_u-00050-00029925-00030114 sources for the human.
07pGxIyr9_u-00051-00030114-00030582 But there are a whole host of components. One could consider the indigestible -- that
07pGxIyr9_u-00052-00030582-00031445 is the dietary fiber we've heard about; resistance starch that's not easily metabolized by humans;
07pGxIyr9_u-00053-00031445-00032045 as well as a number of other components, what we might call the leftovers, which are other
07pGxIyr9_u-00054-00032045-00032602 bits that we cannot handle, either because from structural standpoint they are encased
07pGxIyr9_u-00055-00032602-00033452 in a non-digestible coding, as, for example, in seeds, some nuts, depending how well you
07pGxIyr9_u-00056-00033452-00033933 chew your large chunks of meat, availability of protein; all these things have then become
07pGxIyr9_u-00057-00033933-00034722 part of the bacterial substrate mix. And really a lot of the reactions that we come to consider
07pGxIyr9_u-00058-00034722-00035218 in relation to gut microbial metabolism are designed to handle these fermentation. We've
07pGxIyr9_u-00059-00035218-00036043 heard about reduction of nitrates and sulfates, esterification, aromatic fission, et cetera,
07pGxIyr9_u-00060-00036043-00036337 that come into play.
07pGxIyr9_u-00061-00036337-00037186 When we look at this in relation to the contribution of genes to -- that are related to metabolic
07pGxIyr9_u-00062-00037186-00037772 pathways, a good majority of these are focused on carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,
07pGxIyr9_u-00063-00037772-00038373 as well as xenobiotic degradation, which Pete talked a little bit about in relation -- well,
07pGxIyr9_u-00064-00038373-00038819 quite a bit, in relation to drugs. But when we think about xenobiotics from the dietary
07pGxIyr9_u-00065-00038819-00039308 standpoint, we're also talking about a whole host of other compounds, such as many of the
07pGxIyr9_u-00066-00039308-00040000 plant compounds that, from a human standpoint, we also view as xenobiotic, but are also major
07pGxIyr9_u-00067-00040000-00040586 substrates for gut microbes, as well as many pyrolysis products that come with how we prepare
07pGxIyr9_u-00068-00040586-00040852 food by cooking.
07pGxIyr9_u-00069-00040852-00041314 So we've heard a lot already about production of short-chain fatty acids in relation to
07pGxIyr9_u-00070-00041314-00041949 carbohydrate fermentation. So I'm really not going to spend much time on this, beyond just
07pGxIyr9_u-00071-00041949-00042562 to remind ourselves that acetate, propionate, and butyrate, besides serving as energy sources
07pGxIyr9_u-00072-00042562-00043096 both for the colonic epithelium in the case of butyrate, as well as capacity for lipogenesis
07pGxIyr9_u-00073-00043096-00043746 and gluconeogenesis for acetate and propionate, but they also -- the importance of these compounds
07pGxIyr9_u-00074-00043746-00044456 as signaling molecules: butyrate acting as a histone deacetylase inhibitor in the colonic
07pGxIyr9_u-00075-00044456-00045129 epithelium, and therefore having effects on epigenetic modulation of apoptosis and proliferation,
07pGxIyr9_u-00076-00045129-00046081 as well as signaling further systematically, as we heard from Gary, the potential to have
07pGxIyr9_u-00077-00046081-00046625 even an impact in the lung. So I think this is an area of -- that we'll continue to hear
07pGxIyr9_u-00078-00046625-00046868 a lot about.
07pGxIyr9_u-00079-00046868-00047418 Looking at microbial metabolism of proteins and amino acids, again, this is a range of
07pGxIyr9_u-00080-00047418-00048018 different types of compounds from the standpoint of substrates. And it -- really depending
07pGxIyr9_u-00081-00048018-00048759 on the type of amino acid, when it's generating a variety of different products, the bacteria
07pGxIyr9_u-00082-00048759-00049528 are certainly in the context of the aromatic amino acids, a range of phenols and indoles.
07pGxIyr9_u-00083-00049528-00049962 Sulfur amino acids can produce a whole host of different sulfur compounds. I'll talk a
07pGxIyr9_u-00084-00049962-00050602 little bit more about that in a minute. And the rest of the other amino acids can be deaminated
07pGxIyr9_u-00085-00050602-00051226 or decarboxylated to contribute to ammonia production amines, as well as, can also be
07pGxIyr9_u-00086-00051226-00051808 deaminated and fermented additionally to produce short-chain fatty acids. And in the case of
07pGxIyr9_u-00087-00051808-00052721 the branch-chain amino acids, to produce branch-chain -- short-chain -- branch-chain fatty acids,
07pGxIyr9_u-00088-00052721-00053034 excuse me.
07pGxIyr9_u-00089-00053034-00053632 So by way of example, in the context of the aromatic amino acid metabolism, L-Tryptophan
07pGxIyr9_u-00090-00053632-00054611 can be converted to indole and pyruvate. And Poster Number 18 has also another nice example
07pGxIyr9_u-00091-00054611-00055177 of an additional conversion of tryptophan to indole pyruvate, which is of concern in
07pGxIyr9_u-00092-00055177-00055711 relation to a metabolite that's been identified with autism, if you're interested in some
07pGxIyr9_u-00093-00055711-00056261 more metabolic pieces of that. But in the case of production of indole, it has received
07pGxIyr9_u-00094-00056261-00056902 some attention, both from the standpoint that it's present both in the human and rodent
07pGxIyr9_u-00095-00056902-00057564 gut lumen at low millimolar concentrations, and has been shown to modulate expression
07pGxIyr9_u-00096-00057564-00058265 of both pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, typically showing increases in the anti-inflammatory
07pGxIyr9_u-00097-00058265-00058844 genes and down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory genes, as well as strengthening some of the
07pGxIyr9_u-00098-00058844-00059630 epithelial cell barrier, and decreasing pathogen colonization. So I think this is just one
07pGxIyr9_u-00099-00059630-00060241 example, but it really points out the importance of so many of these small molecules, many
07pGxIyr9_u-00100-00060241-00061039 of which we probably don't even begin to understand their potential to impact on the host.
07pGxIyr9_u-00101-00061039-00061840 Another amino acid -- product of amino acid metabolism, in the case of sulfur amino acids,
07pGxIyr9_u-00102-00061840-00062382 is generation of hydrogen sulfide. This has been shown to be toxic to colonic sites both
07pGxIyr9_u-00103-00062382-00062933 in in vitro and in vivo models, and can contribute to inflammation, and therefore, is of concern
07pGxIyr9_u-00104-00062933-00063637 in relation to ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. And from the standpoint of handling
07pGxIyr9_u-00105-00063637-00064311 biogut bacteria, hydrogen sulfide can be generated both by fermentation of sulfur containing
07pGxIyr9_u-00106-00064311-00065086 amino acids, but also the action of the sulfate-reducing bacteria on inorganic sulfates; sp sulfate
07pGxIyr9_u-00107-00065086-00065686 and sulfites, many of which are used as preservatives in food, and also just present in foods in
07pGxIyr9_u-00108-00065686-00066108 general. So, again, another source there.
07pGxIyr9_u-00109-00066108-00066500 Just by way of an example, people have been saying today, it's often really hard to do
07pGxIyr9_u-00110-00066500-00067048 studies in humans, but one can do dietary interventions. And although we aren't necessarily
07pGxIyr9_u-00111-00067048-00067521 looking at who gets ulcerative colitis at the end, this is an example of a controlled
07pGxIyr9_u-00112-00067521-00068378 feeding study, in which case volunteers were sequestered in a metabolic ward, participated
07pGxIyr9_u-00113-00068378-00069279 in five different treatments of 10 days each of meat supplementation in a controlled diet.
07pGxIyr9_u-00114-00069279-00069956 And they were looking at fecal sulfate concentrations; they also looked at urinary sulfate excretion
07pGxIyr9_u-00115-00069956-00070362 in relation to these treatments. And as you can see, as you increase the amount of meat
07pGxIyr9_u-00116-00070362-00071015 in the diet, you see increases in fecal sulfate concentrations. So the -- human studies such
07pGxIyr9_u-00117-00071015-00071618 as these are small but they can often add important connecting bits of information in
07pGxIyr9_u-00118-00071618-00072356 relation to the impact of these compounds in human health and exposure to them.
07pGxIyr9_u-00119-00072356-00072800 Another story that's received quite a bit of attention in the last couple of years is
07pGxIyr9_u-00120-00072800-00073456 the production of trimethylamine oxide, which comes from the bacterial conversion of choline
07pGxIyr9_u-00121-00073456-00073988 to trimethylamine. Choline is derived from phosphatidylcholine, or lecithin, that is
07pGxIyr9_u-00122-00073988-00074500 a good part of the diet, particularly if you include meat products, and you've been eating
07pGxIyr9_u-00123-00074500-00075171 the hard-boiled eggs the last couple of mornings at breakfast. You've been receiving your phosphatidylcholine
07pGxIyr9_u-00124-00075171-00076142 challenge. And choline is released upon lipolysis in the gut; it undergoes metabolism by gut
07pGxIyr9_u-00125-00076142-00076974 microbes to trimethylamine, is absorbed, further metabolized by hepatic flavin mono-oxygenases,
07pGxIyr9_u-00126-00076974-00077566 and it's converted to trimethylamine oxide, which has been shown in animal models to be
07pGxIyr9_u-00127-00077566-00078227 atherosclerotic, and I'll show you a little data in a minute about potential risks in
07pGxIyr9_u-00128-00078227-00078495 humans.
07pGxIyr9_u-00129-00078495-00078985 A lot of work has been done in animal models already, but in the context of, again, a human
07pGxIyr9_u-00130-00078985-00079791 study, with dosing of 40 individuals with those phosphatidylcholine challenge, both
07pGxIyr9_u-00131-00079791-00080637 as an egg source as well as a deuterated phosphatidylcholine, they can show, you see increases in TMAO as
07pGxIyr9_u-00132-00080637-00081206 a result of the intervention. Provide a broad spec antibiotic: could show decreases as a
07pGxIyr9_u-00133-00081206-00081904 result, and then a reappearance of the TMAO upon withdrawal of the antibiotic, again,
07pGxIyr9_u-00134-00081904-00082564 showing the relationship between bacterial production of the trimethylamine and subsequent
07pGxIyr9_u-00135-00082564-00082752 TMAO.
07pGxIyr9_u-00136-00082752-00083531 As part of this study, they also evaluated prospectively the relationship between plasma
07pGxIyr9_u-00137-00083531-00084205 TMAO concentrations in 4,000 individuals who were then followed for three years for cardiovascular
07pGxIyr9_u-00138-00084205-00084955 events. And showed significant differences among quartiles of plasma TMAO concentrations
07pGxIyr9_u-00139-00084955-00085585 in relation to risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death, with certainly the highest
07pGxIyr9_u-00140-00085585-00086069 risk among those individuals in the highest quartile, again, showing this relationship
07pGxIyr9_u-00141-00086069-00086872 of production of a plasma component in relation to disease outcome.
07pGxIyr9_u-00142-00086872-00087580 So the other piece of metabolism that is a little near and dear to my heart is in the
07pGxIyr9_u-00143-00087580-00088196 area of phytochemicals. And there's an estimate that we are exposed to some 20,000 different
07pGxIyr9_u-00144-00088196-00088788 phytochemicals over the span of about 70 different plant foods. And many of these compounds are
07pGxIyr9_u-00145-00088788-00089398 also handled by gut microbes, certainly a lot of the phenolics, the terpenoids, which
07pGxIyr9_u-00146-00089398-00090217 include the carotenoids, various sulfur containing compounds, and the glucosinolates and indoles
07pGxIyr9_u-00147-00090217-00090327 also.
07pGxIyr9_u-00148-00090327-00091011 So what I'll do in the next few minutes is focus, as by way of example, on the glucosinolates
07pGxIyr9_u-00149-00091011-00091513 and the isoindoles. But certainly there are many other examples of the impact of gut microbes
07pGxIyr9_u-00150-00091513-00092098 on exposure to these compounds and to their metabolites.
07pGxIyr9_u-00151-00092098-00092653 First example is in relation to production of isothiocyanates from glucosinolates in
07pGxIyr9_u-00152-00092653-00093341 the area of cancer prevention. Cruciferous vegetable, that is the broccoli containing
07pGxIyr9_u-00153-00093341-00094005 -- or broccoli family, cabbage family, veggies, are major source of these in the human diet.
07pGxIyr9_u-00154-00094005-00094666 And as they exist in the plants, they are -- have a glucose moiety bound to them, aptly
07pGxIyr9_u-00155-00094666-00095452 named glucosinolates. And these are not bioactive in this form, but their release of the glucose
07pGxIyr9_u-00156-00095452-00096027 moiety to production of the isothiocyanate is production of the bioactive component that's
07pGxIyr9_u-00157-00096027-00096586 been shown to be important with regards to reduced carcinogenesis in animal models, as
07pGxIyr9_u-00158-00096586-00097466 well as associated with lower risk of several common cancers in human epidemiologic studies.
07pGxIyr9_u-00159-00097466-00098281 Now, as the compound exists, there is an enzyme in cruciferous vegetables that can cleave
07pGxIyr9_u-00160-00098281-00098780 this glucose moiety to release the isothiocyanate. And the thought is there that the primary
07pGxIyr9_u-00161-00098780-00099548 reason the plant does this is in the face of a threat -- or not a threat, but having
07pGxIyr9_u-00162-00099548-00100249 been chomped on or chewed that it actually releases the isothiocyanate, which has a bitter
07pGxIyr9_u-00163-00100249-00101181 and pungent feel in the mouth, and will cause the insect or animal to stop consuming it.
07pGxIyr9_u-00164-00101181-00101663 In most cases, in humans, we actually don't consume cruciferous vegetables raw, and that
07pGxIyr9_u-00165-00101663-00102272 means that the myrosinase is denatured as a result of cooking. But our gut bacteria,
07pGxIyr9_u-00166-00102272-00102815 many of which contain thioglucosidases, can also carry out this reaction and allow for
07pGxIyr9_u-00167-00102815-00102990 release of isothiocyanates.
07pGxIyr9_u-00168-00102990-00103878 And I think this is a nice example of the difference in exposure to isothiocyanates
07pGxIyr9_u-00169-00103878-00104404 across a group of individuals. This is work of Tom Kensler's from a number of years ago.
07pGxIyr9_u-00170-00104404-00105068 But they were conducting an intervention trial with glucosinolate supplement, glucoraphanin,
07pGxIyr9_u-00171-00105068-00105709 which is the glucosinolate precursor of sulforaphane. And we're looking at the impact on reducing
07pGxIyr9_u-00172-00105709-00106613 aflatoxin DNA adducts in a population in China. As you can see here, the urinary isothiocyanate
07pGxIyr9_u-00173-00106613-00107444 recovery ranged from 1 to 45 percent of the dose administered when they measured the metabolites
07pGxIyr9_u-00174-00107444-00107981 in urine, suggesting that the availability of these compounds varies considerably across
07pGxIyr9_u-00175-00107981-00108660 individuals. And this -- as you increase recovery in the urine, you see a decrease in DNA adduct
07pGxIyr9_u-00176-00108660-00109204 formation, suggesting that those exposed to more may be benefited more from the impact
07pGxIyr9_u-00177-00109204-00109310 of the isothiocyanate.
07pGxIyr9_u-00178-00109310-00110199 We were interested in whether -- to what extent we could understand the relationship between
07pGxIyr9_u-00179-00110199-00110826 these urinary measures of phenotype, as far as recovery of isothiocyanates in relation
07pGxIyr9_u-00180-00110826-00111648 to gut microbial activity. And Fay Li in our group recruited a group of individuals, challenged
07pGxIyr9_u-00181-00111648-00112377 them with a dose of cooked broccoli, so, i.e., glucosinolate-rich but no myrosinase to cleave
07pGxIyr9_u-00182-00112377-00113161 the isothiocyanate, and could recover between 1 to 28 percent of the isothiocyanate in urine.
07pGxIyr9_u-00183-00113161-00114057 You can see there is quite a range in the distribution. And then took the high and low
07pGxIyr9_u-00184-00114057-00115111 urinary ITC excreters and incubated fecal bacteria from their stool samples with glucoraphanin.
07pGxIyr9_u-00185-00115111-00115789 And looked at rate of decrease in relation -- of glucoraphanin in relation to either
07pGxIyr9_u-00186-00115789-00116635 a high excreter in yellow or a low excreter in blue. And suggesting that those individuals
07pGxIyr9_u-00187-00116635-00117474 who are excreting more isothiocyanates are typically more likely to break down the glucoraphanin,
07pGxIyr9_u-00188-00117474-00117858 which allows for release and absorption.
07pGxIyr9_u-00189-00117858-00118578 Another example of phytochemicals that are heavily metabolized by gut microbes are the
07pGxIyr9_u-00190-00118578-00119134 soy isoflavones. These have been of interest for a number of decades now in relation to
07pGxIyr9_u-00191-00119134-00119715 their weak estrogenic properties, capacity to bind to the estrogen receptors, both alpha
07pGxIyr9_u-00192-00119715-00120441 and beta, and illicit either weak estrogenic responses or to have anti-estrogenic effect.
07pGxIyr9_u-00193-00120441-00121114 In the context of this story, the soy isoflavone daidzein is handled by gut microbes to convert
07pGxIyr9_u-00194-00121114-00121903 two major metabolites, equol and O-desmethylangolensin, or ODMA. What we find in most populations,
07pGxIyr9_u-00195-00121903-00122666 that most individuals have got microbes that can carry out this reaction. And if you measure
07pGxIyr9_u-00196-00122666-00123384 urinary ODMA levels in a population, 80 to 90 percent of individuals will have substantial
07pGxIyr9_u-00197-00123384-00124264 ODMA excretion. And whereas the equol really varies, one, across populations, and certainly
07pGxIyr9_u-00198-00124264-00124910 is a lot lower in production. And it's not necessarily that either you're an ODMA producer
07pGxIyr9_u-00199-00124910-00125677 or an equol producer; typically, ODMA producers can be equol producers or vice versa.
07pGxIyr9_u-00200-00125677-00126402 This just shows that if you give individuals a soy challenge containing daidzein, you can
07pGxIyr9_u-00201-00126402-00127067 see a range of excretion; this is 24-hour urinary excretion. But this is a tenfold jump
07pGxIyr9_u-00202-00127067-00127542 between those individuals who really aren't excreting any. In this case, what we're measuring
07pGxIyr9_u-00203-00127542-00128315 here is likely what's coming from other animal sources of equol coming from milk and meat
07pGxIyr9_u-00204-00128315-00128933 sources of ruminants compared to what you seek produced by the humans.
07pGxIyr9_u-00205-00128933-00129424 The reason people have been interested in this is that in a number of the soy intervention
07pGxIyr9_u-00206-00129424-00130104 studies, there are have been identified differences in response between those of an equol-producing
07pGxIyr9_u-00207-00130104-00130804 capacity. And many of these relate to sex hormone effects, either in relation to menstrual
07pGxIyr9_u-00208-00130804-00131720 cycle or steroid hormone concentrations, bone mineral densities, as well as some differential
07pGxIyr9_u-00209-00131720-00132436 gene expression that is estrogen receptor driven in peripheral lymphocytes. And then
07pGxIyr9_u-00210-00132436-00133062 also similarly, some observation studies that show differences. But these are certainly
07pGxIyr9_u-00211-00133062-00134109 not always shown in all studies. There are -- certainly are in all studies too, but...
07pGxIyr9_u-00212-00134109-00134651 So what gut microbes are producing equol? There have been a number of attempts to identify
07pGxIyr9_u-00213-00134651-00135319 these, and there's a number of specific bacteria that have been shown to be able to convert
07pGxIyr9_u-00214-00135319-00136097 daidzein to equol listed here. But often, when you go looking by QPCR for some of these
07pGxIyr9_u-00215-00136097-00136726 specifically in human stool samples, you don't necessarily find them. There are also some
07pGxIyr9_u-00216-00136726-00137313 suggestions that it may -- some individuals may rely on a consortium of bacteria: some
07pGxIyr9_u-00217-00137313-00137832 that can carry out the first part of the reaction, and some that carry out the second. So I think
07pGxIyr9_u-00218-00137832-00138332 this sort of is an indication of the importance of being able to come to a more functional
07pGxIyr9_u-00219-00138332-00138911 approach to be able to characterize some of these activities, because we're going to find,
07pGxIyr9_u-00220-00138911-00139457 for many of these reactions, that there are a whole host of bacteria that could do this.
07pGxIyr9_u-00221-00139457-00140325 But -- and they're not necessarily all within the same group, so I think that's an important
07pGxIyr9_u-00222-00140325-00140425 piece.
07pGxIyr9_u-00223-00140425-00141086 So just to summarize the presentation. I think -- I hope I've shown that microbial metabolism
07pGxIyr9_u-00224-00141086-00141644 can modify a variety of different dietary components; that the differences in the gut
07pGxIyr9_u-00225-00141644-00142323 microbial community capacity to handle substrates can be detected using metabolic phenotypes,
07pGxIyr9_u-00226-00142323-00142959 even on a more gross level of monitoring urinary metabolites, and certainly as we move into
07pGxIyr9_u-00227-00142959-00143769 using the metabolomics approaches, can get a wide range of ways to evaluate this.
07pGxIyr9_u-00228-00143769-00144326 I think one of the things that is always a good reminder is that diet, as consumed, it
07pGxIyr9_u-00229-00144326-00145037 is not necessarily that experienced by the host. So from the standpoint of the components,
07pGxIyr9_u-00230-00145037-00145480 the metabolites produced by the bacteria, these may be, in some cases, quite different
07pGxIyr9_u-00231-00145480-00146183 from those that went into your mouth. And lastly, I think the gut microbiome really
07pGxIyr9_u-00232-00146183-00146719 needs to be considered in the context of the host diet in order for us to best understand
07pGxIyr9_u-00233-00146719-00147428 its impact on both host metabolism as well as its own, and on disease risk.
07pGxIyr9_u-00234-00147428-00148092 In relation to some of the gaps, needs, and challenges, coming at this from a very -- sort
07pGxIyr9_u-00235-00148092-00148618 of the nutritional angle, and it's interesting to see how these are sort of recapitulating
07pGxIyr9_u-00236-00148618-00149119 across many of our presentations in the last two days, I think one of our big challenges
07pGxIyr9_u-00237-00149119-00149675 certainly is trying to test the causality of gut microbiome and contribution to health
07pGxIyr9_u-00238-00149675-00150389 and disease, and certainly in the context of diet. And in that regard, I think we have
07pGxIyr9_u-00239-00150389-00150991 a strong need for a number of different approaches to this, both from the standpoint of the prospective
07pGxIyr9_u-00240-00150991-00151722 cohorts that allow us to follow individuals for extended periods of time with good measure
07pGxIyr9_u-00241-00151722-00152366 of exposure, whether it be diet or otherwise, as well as capacity to sample and characterize
07pGxIyr9_u-00242-00152366-00152794 the gut microbiome. I think there's a place for well-controlled dietary interventions
07pGxIyr9_u-00243-00152794-00153421 to try to get at some of the relationships for inter-individual variation. And finding
07pGxIyr9_u-00244-00153421-00153959 ways to harness these and make the most of them, I think, is important. And certainly,
07pGxIyr9_u-00245-00153959-00154304 the model systems are going to be critical as there are some many things that we certainly
07pGxIyr9_u-00246-00154304-00154600 can't do in humans.
07pGxIyr9_u-00247-00154600-00155328 And lastly, on a more broader level, I think, to reiterate Vince's comment this morning,
07pGxIyr9_u-00248-00155328-00155880 really trying to facilitate transdisciplinary research to allow for the breadth and depth
07pGxIyr9_u-00249-00155880-00156503 of knowledge that we need in this area, not only from the standpoint of a funding situation,
07pGxIyr9_u-00250-00156503-00157239 but certainly from the support of our institutions to be able to allow for this cross-fertilization.
07pGxIyr9_u-00251-00157239-00158135 And big plug for methods for assessing composite functionality of the gut microbial community,
07pGxIyr9_u-00252-00158135-00158701 and being able to integrate the structure and functional relationships. And lastly,
07pGxIyr9_u-00253-00158701-00159244 having the computational methods to integrate multiple omics platforms, and I think we've
07pGxIyr9_u-00254-00159244-00159423 heard that one before.
07pGxIyr9_u-00255-00159423-00160111 So lastly, just want to thank the members of my group, as well as collaborators at the
07pGxIyr9_u-00256-00160111-00160730 Hutch and University of Washington, Texas A&M University with collaboration with Rob
07pGxIyr9_u-00257-00160730-00161574 Chapkin project, and long-term collaborations. And lastly, to thank NCI for the support over
07pGxIyr9_u-00258-00161574-00161886 the years. Thank you.
07pGxIyr9_u-00259-00161886-00161986 [applause]
07pGxIyr9_u-00260-00161986-00162540 Female Speaker: We have time for a few questions.
07pGxIyr9_u-00261-00162540-00163200 Johanna Lampe: Everybody's just ready for dinner. [laughs]
07pGxIyr9_u-00262-00163200-00163839 Female Speaker: Well, if people aren't rushing for questions
07pGxIyr9_u-00263-00163839-00164225 now, it'll probably give us the opportunity to -- oh, someone's --
07pGxIyr9_u-00264-00164225-00164374 Female Speaker: I do have one question.
07pGxIyr9_u-00265-00164374-00164474 Female Speaker: Yeah.
07pGxIyr9_u-00266-00164474-00164583 Female Speaker: You mentioned lecithin, and you were looking
07pGxIyr9_u-00267-00164583-00164959 at meat and egg sources. I was wondering, have you looked at all at soy lecithin? I
07pGxIyr9_u-00268-00164959-00165358 know it's very commonly and almost ubiquitously put into processed foods.
07pGxIyr9_u-00269-00165358-00165678 Johanna Lampe: I would expect it probably is going to be
07pGxIyr9_u-00270-00165678-00166424 similar. I mean, as phosphatidylcholine, it's going to be similarly broken doing, and the
07pGxIyr9_u-00271-00166424-00166909 choline is going to be available as a substrate for the bacteria. So whether or not it's a
07pGxIyr9_u-00272-00166909-00167503 pure source, or whether it's coming from different food products, it's likely to have that effect.
07pGxIyr9_u-00273-00167503-00167938 Female Speaker: Well, please join me in showing appreciation
07pGxIyr9_u-00274-00167938-00168251 for all the speakers in this session.
07pGxIyr9_u-00275-00168251-00168351 [applause]
07pGxIyr9_u-00276-00168351-00168887 And we'll now start the discussion session for this afternoon.
08FLjbpAuEI-00000-00000000-00000100 Muhahahahahahaha
08FLjbpAuEI-00001-00000110-00000229 Oh, come on!
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08FLjbpAuEI-00004-00000919-00001136 Bye, Brian...
08FLjbpAuEI-00005-00001334-00001588 *screams*
08FLjbpAuEI-00006-00001590-00001678 Hey, want a banana-
08FLjbpAuEI-00007-00001678-00001772 Oh, what!?
08FLjbpAuEI-00008-00001776-00001873 NO! Turn it back!*screams*
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08FLjbpAuEI-00010-00002378-00002526 It's muffin time!
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08FLjbpAuEI-00012-00002976-00003076 Skatebords.
08FLjbpAuEI-00013-00003226-00003394 For a walk, Jimmy.
08FLjbpAuEI-00014-00003528-00003658 Okay!  Now jump!
08FLjbpAuEI-00015-00003842-00003911 Mmm...
08FLjbpAuEI-00016-00003960-00004032 Good...
08FLjbpAuEI-00017-00004150-00004212 I'm gonna getcha!
08FLjbpAuEI-00018-00004228-00004412 *clap* *clap*
09IWiUwLh3c-00000-00002913-00003013 [Music]
09IWiUwLh3c-00001-00003013-00003113 easy gives the soul to the universe thanks to the mind
09IWiUwLh3c-00002-00003113-00003213 and life
09IWiUwLh3c-00003-00003213-00003464 did everything [Music]
09IWiUwLh3c-00004-00003464-00003953 [Music]
09IWiUwLh3c-00005-00003953-00004488 music gives a soul to the universe Wings to the mind
09IWiUwLh3c-00006-00004488-00004588 to everything [Music]
09IWiUwLh3c-00007-00004588-00005573 easily gives the soul to the universe brings to the mind [Music]
09IWiUwLh3c-00008-00005573-00005673 to everything
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09IWiUwLh3c-00011-00007504-00009418 foreign to the universe Wings to the mind
09IWiUwLh3c-00012-00009418-00009518 and life did everything
09IWiUwLh3c-00014-00013869-00013969 foreign
09IWiUwLh3c-00015-00013969-00013970 [Music]
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0t7OTJmZL30-00000-00000000-00000200 R9-7950X3D vs i9-13900K | RDR 2 Benchmark | 4K - 8XMSAA - DLSS OFF
0v_CqGZa38Y-00000-00000000-00000501 Welcome to my video
0v_CqGZa38Y-00001-00000505-00001000 Thank you for this video view
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0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00000-00001566-00002298 First add a plane and go to geometry notes. click on new, delete the group input, add a spiral. Set
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00001-00002298-00003090 the resolution to 64, the rotation to 10, the start radius to 1.05 and the end radius to 0.05.
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00002-00003090-00003894 Add a transform node add a resample curve node. Set the count to 230. now add a set position node,
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00003-00003894-00004812 add a noise texture, set it to 4d and the to -0.1 Now set the scale to 1, duplicate it and set the
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00004-00004812-00005610 W to 0.1 Add a mix node, set it to color and set factor to zero. Plug the color into B and this
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00005-00005610-00006216 one into A. Plug the result into the offset of the set position node. Add a vector map node. Set the
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00006-00006216-00007050 vector to -0.5 and now keyframe the rotation, here W here and here and the factor. By the way make
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00007-00007050-00007722 sure you're on frame one when keyframing these. Set the end to 100 and the frame rate to 60. Go
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00008-00007722-00008646 to frame 101, set the set rotation to 1080 and keyframe it. Now set this to 0.1 and keyframe it,
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00009-00008646-00009384 set this one to -0.1 and keyframe it and set the factor 1 and keyframe it. Select all of
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00010-00009384-00010068 the keyframe nodes here, press A and T and select linear. Add a subdivision surface node. As you can
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00011-00010068-00010578 see we cannot use this on a curve so let's add a curve to mesh node. Set the level to
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00012-00010578-00011292 two. Now add a mesh to curve node. Add a cone, set the vertices to 10, the side segments and
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00013-00011292-00011988 fill segments to 32 and the radius bottom to 1.06. Duplicate the subdivision surface node
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00014-00011988-00012540 and plug the mesh into the mesh and set this to 3. Let's also duplicate the set position node,
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00015-00012540-00013091 plug the vector into the offset and the mesh into the geometry. I want the curve to shrink wrap
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00016-00013091-00013697 around the cone basically so let's add a geometry proximity node. Again duplicate this position node
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00017-00013697-00014322 and plug the position into the position. Duplicate the curve to mesh node and here let's use a curve
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00018-00014322-00015018 circle. Set the radius to 0.05. Now add a set curve radius node. For the radius let's use a
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00019-00015018-00015672 spline parameter node. Make sure to use the factor and now to invert this add a reverse curve node.
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00020-00015672-00016254 Here let's also check fill caps. Duplicate this subdivision surface node that we set to 2 and put
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00021-00016254-00016842 it here. Add a joint geometry node, take this geometry and plug it in here. Let's also add a
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00022-00016842-00017412 set shade smooth node. Add a set material node, duplicate it and put it here. In the material
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00023-00017412-00018018 properties create two new materials. Select the first one here and the second one here. Let's
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00024-00018018-00018612 save. Now take the UV map output of the cone and plug it into the group output. Now press
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00025-00018612-00019314 N and go to group and go to UV map and copy the name in the output attributes. Pace the name in
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00026-00019314-00019914 here and hit enter. Save now and go to shading. Go into rendered view. You can find a link to
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00027-00019914-00020574 this hdri in the description. Set the strength to 2.5. In the render properties go to film and make
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00028-00020574-00021156 it transparent and enable transparent glass. Under color management set the view transform to filmic
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00029-00021156-00021630 and the look to very high contrast. Make sure to set these settings back to the default settings
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00030-00021630-00022146 before compiling the images. Make sure the second material is selected. This material is based on a
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00031-00022146-00022680 material made by Ryan King. I'm going to put an info card to his videos here. Set the metallic
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00032-00022680-00023376 to 1 add the roughness to 0.27. Add a color ramp. For the black I'm going to use this hex code and
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00033-00023376-00023946 for the white I'm going to use this one. Plug the color into the base color add a musgrave texture
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00034-00023946-00024540 and press Ctrl T. Delete the texture coordinate and add an attribute node. Now let's paste this
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00035-00024540-00025092 name in here. Now if we Ctrl shift click on the node we have the UV map here. Plug the vector
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00036-00025092-00025698 into the vector and the height into the factor here. Set the scale to 1000 and the detail to 15.
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00037-00025698-00026345 Set the dimension to 0. Plug the vector into the normal and add a noise texture. Set the scale to
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00038-00026345-00026964 12 and the detail to 15. Now add a bump node. Let's disconnect this and use the factor for
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00039-00026964-00027594 the height. Set the strength to 0.008. Select the first material delete the principled bsdf
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00040-00027594-00028230 and add a glass bsdf and Ctrl shift click on it. Now let's save again and go back to layout mode,
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00041-00028230-00028764 press delete and one on the numpad, add a camera and press Ctrl Alt 0 to go into
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00042-00028764-00029364 camera view and press G and Z and move it up. Now enable a snapping, set it to face project,
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00043-00029364-00030089 add an empty, plane axis and press G and put it here. Now select the camera and go to the
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00044-00030089-00030672 object data properties and enable depth of field. Select the empty. Let's go to rendered view. Set
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00045-00030672-00031356 the F-stop to 0.2 and the blades to 16. Now let's save and press F12. Close this window and go to
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00046-00031356-00032004 compositing. Enable use nodes and denoting data and add a denoise node. Ctrl shift click on the
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00047-00032004-00032532 Node and now press shift and right click and drag over here. Add an Alpha overlay node. Plug the
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00048-00032532-00033084 image into the bottom socket here. I am going to use this hex code. Add a color balance node. I'll
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00049-00033084-00033618 put the hex codes for these on screen. Duplicate the alpha over node and again use the bottom
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00050-00033618-00034320 socket and make this black. Add a box mask. Plug the mask Into the factor. Now set this to 0.9 and
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00051-00034320-00035136 this to 0.45. Add a blur node. Set the X and Y to 300. Now add a mix node. Go to the texture
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00052-00035136-00035790 properties, click on new and select clouds. Set the size to 0 and here let's use a texture
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00053-00035790-00036252 node (Select the texture here). Set the factor to 0.03. In the output properties select an output
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00054-00036252-00036894 folder. I'm going to use jpeg with the quality set 100. If you want to speed up the render you can go
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00055-00036894-00037410 to the render properties and go to performance and enable persistent data. Just be careful with
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00056-00037410-00037962 this because it can use a lot of memory. And you can also go here and enable lock interface. Now
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00057-00037962-00038490 save again and press Ctrl F12. Feel free to like and subscribe. If you liked this tutorial then
0vE8vBBQ7Ik-00058-00038490-00038880 you’ll probably also like the tutorial that is on screen now. I'll see you next time.
0wWAlpu381A-00000-00000013-00000403 this! This will take my emeralds!
0wWAlpu381A-00001-00002815-00003015 shit..
0xqlUqp581M-00000-00000000-00000488 Hey guys, this is Parker from Animoplex.com and I'm here to show you a new freebie
0xqlUqp581M-00001-00000488-00000834 called Kinetic Flame for After Effects CS5 or later.
0xqlUqp581M-00002-00000834-00001179 Now, this was designed to be an easy-to-use rig for animating abstract
0xqlUqp581M-00003-00001179-00001647 flame and fire effects and, as you can see, it resembles some sort of magical
0xqlUqp581M-00004-00001647-00001886 fire wisp that's very energetic.
0xqlUqp581M-00005-00001886-00002283 The only requirements for using this template is: 1) You must work in 32-bit
0xqlUqp581M-00006-00002283-00002768 color mode for the flame to render, and 2) you must have Trapcode Particular 2.0
0xqlUqp581M-00007-00002768-00003340 or later installed on After Effects CS5. I'm going to give you a quick overview
0xqlUqp581M-00008-00003340-00003615 and then let you go experiment to your heart's content.
0xqlUqp581M-00009-00003660-00004072 Okay, so the first thing I'm going to do is open up the After Effects template
0xqlUqp581M-00010-00004074-00004412 with After Effects, I have CC14 here.
0xqlUqp581M-00011-00004412-00004846 Now, once it's open, you'll notice there's a single composition and two solids,
0xqlUqp581M-00012-00004846-00004974 so it's pretty simple.
0xqlUqp581M-00013-00005028-00005360 Now, there's a controller layer at the top of the composition.
0xqlUqp581M-00014-00005361-00005802 This is the backbone of the rig and it controls all the settings for how the
0xqlUqp581M-00015-00005802-00006252 flame interacts with your scene. Below that, you have two other important elements.
0xqlUqp581M-00016-00006252-00006618 One is the "Flame Source", which is a light object and it needs to have
0xqlUqp581M-00017-00006618-00006834 the first word "Flame"
0xqlUqp581M-00018-00006834-00007198 You'll notice if you change it to something else the flame disappears.
0xqlUqp581M-00019-00007198-00007866 That's because the controller is looking for a light object with the first word, "Flame"
0xqlUqp581M-00020-00007981-00008426 The other important element is the two Particular layers, and this contains all
0xqlUqp581M-00021-00008427-00008742 the Particular effects for the flame.
0xqlUqp581M-00022-00008742-00009090 You can have more than one light object in the scene, but just know that any
0xqlUqp581M-00023-00009090-00009606 changes made to the original "Light Source" layer in terms of velocity
0xqlUqp581M-00024-00009606-00010203 will affect the second layer. So if this light stops, (this was the original) this one
0xqlUqp581M-00025-00010203-00010545 will stop emitting particles because of it, even if it's still moving.
0xqlUqp581M-00026-00010545-00011032 Now the way to fix this is to set all four of these "Speed Affects..." properties to 0.
0xqlUqp581M-00027-00011032-00011462 Basically, this changes these lights to constant emission and now they can be
0xqlUqp581M-00028-00011463-00011813 moved independently with different velocities and it doesn't matter.
0xqlUqp581M-00029-00011906-00012438 On the "Controller" layer, the first slider here "Speed Display" is to display the current
0xqlUqp581M-00030-00012438-00012824 velocity of your light object. You can keyframe the light object position directly
0xqlUqp581M-00031-00012824-00013080 or parent it to another layer like I've done here.
0xqlUqp581M-00032-00013124-00013488 Other settings on the Controller layer reference this value and it's not
0xqlUqp581M-00033-00013488-00013779 meant to be keyframed, hence the title, "Display"
0xqlUqp581M-00034-00013779-00014166 Now the four "Speed Affects..." properties here allow you to choose if you want the
0xqlUqp581M-00035-00014166-00014590 number of particles emitted to be based on the light object's velocity,
0xqlUqp581M-00036-00014590-00015091 or constant emission, or a mixture in between. So here, I've set all of them to
0xqlUqp581M-00037-00015093-00015569 50% and it's blending halfway between velocity-driven and constant emission.
0xqlUqp581M-00038-00015569-00016041 You can play with these and see what effect you like. Now, "Particle Density" is
0xqlUqp581M-00039-00016041-00016440 just the number of particles emitted per second, so by default it's 150. I'm going
0xqlUqp581M-00040-00016440-00016740 to change it to 300, and you'll see twice as many particles here.
0xqlUqp581M-00041-00016778-00017388 "Flame Size" also dictates the size of each of these particles.
0xqlUqp581M-00042-00017444-00017920 Now you'll notice they just got much larger, you can also change the "Ember Size"
0xqlUqp581M-00043-00017920-00018448 and the "Dust Size" as well. But that's kinda crazy, so I'm going to undo that.
0xqlUqp581M-00044-00018534-00018952 The four "Color" settings here are pretty self-explanatory, so you can choose
0xqlUqp581M-00045-00018990-00019122 any color you'd like here.
0xqlUqp581M-00046-00019122-00019464 Now, keep in mind, on top of these "Color" selections,
0xqlUqp581M-00047-00019464-00019851 it's going to randomize them by another 30% to make the particles seem
0xqlUqp581M-00048-00019851-00020016 a little bit more alive.
0xqlUqp581M-00049-00020016-00020400 You get a little bit more variance in there. Now the "Brightness" setting is
0xqlUqp581M-00050-00020400-00020667 meant to just boost the brightness value.
0xqlUqp581M-00051-00020667-00021153 This is going to be really useful on lighter backgrounds. And finally, the four
0xqlUqp581M-00052-00021153-00021591 "Turbulence" effects here control how turbulent the flames, smoke and embers
0xqlUqp581M-00053-00021591-00021761 appear after emission.
0xqlUqp581M-00054-00021882-00022278 You can increase or decrease this rig size simply by changing the solid layer
0xqlUqp581M-00055-00022278-00022794 size from 1920 x 1080 to any size you'd like. The rig will scale and contract to
0xqlUqp581M-00056-00022794-00023187 any size although you may need to manually scale the "Size" settings and
0xqlUqp581M-00057-00023187-00023751 probably the "Particle Density" accordingly to avoid extremely small or large flame sizes.
0xqlUqp581M-00058-00023848-00024251 Now, one last note, if the "Controller" layer is removed or renamed, in this case
0xqlUqp581M-00059-00024251-00024635 I'm just going to delete it out of the composition, each property will revert to
0xqlUqp581M-00060-00024636-00025094 a default setting until the layer is restored. This is to avoid expression errors
0xqlUqp581M-00061-00025094-00025422 in your composition and can easily be fixed with an undo.
0xqlUqp581M-00062-00025474-00025789 Inspiration for this flame effect comes from a project called
0xqlUqp581M-00063-00025791-00026051 "Particular Nebula" by Mattrunks (www.mattrunks.com)
0xqlUqp581M-00064-00026051-00026378 and it's a really interesting effect. I've spent a lot of time working with it
0xqlUqp581M-00065-00026378-00026534 and creating this template.
0xqlUqp581M-00066-00026564-00026945 I've attempted to streamline the process based on my own uses and make it a
0xqlUqp581M-00067-00026945-00027389 really fast render as well. I hope this template is exactly what you're looking
0xqlUqp581M-00068-00027389-00027745 for and it inspires you to build something beautiful and unique.
0xqlUqp581M-00069-00027786-00028133 If you've created something with it or have any questions at all please leave
0xqlUqp581M-00070-00028133-00028480 me a comment or email me:  support@animoplex.com
0xqlUqp581M-00071-00028480-00028672 and I'd love to take a look.
0xqlUqp581M-00072-00028706-00029054 If you're interested in a pre-built logo animation using this effect,
0xqlUqp581M-00073-00029055-00029380 I've got a template available for purchase and you can find the links below.
0xqlUqp581M-00074-00029380-00029774 It has pre-rendered effects, no need for plugins, but an optional project file
0xqlUqp581M-00075-00029774-00030039 with plugins is available if you want to customize it.
0xqlUqp581M-00076-00030082-00030310 As always, thanks for watching!
0xFA2HAAUoI-00000-00000000-00000591 Get out from Silver and Nova withthis tutorial
0xFA2HAAUoI-00001-00000591-00000991 CT
0xFA2HAAUoI-00002-00001550-00002475 *Rightclick*
0xFA2HAAUoI-00003-00003086-00004415 Enemy Perspective
0xFA2HAAUoI-00004-00004655-00005366 One-way in Aps
0xFA2HAAUoI-00005-00006501-00007231 The same One-way but easier and more risky
0xFA2HAAUoI-00006-00007231-00007556 Right click
0xFA2HAAUoI-00007-00007556-00008331 If you want to see how to use one in a real match, click the video I suggest you above
0xFA2HAAUoI-00008-00008800-00009444 Enemy Perspective
0xFA2HAAUoI-00009-00011052-00011612 *Left click*
0xFA2HAAUoI-00010-00012110-00013034 It's not too probable that the enemy could see you, but you'll see it first.
0xFA2HAAUoI-00011-00014033-00014506 Enemy Perspective
0xFA2HAAUoI-00012-00015905-00016295 *Right click*
0xFA2HAAUoI-00013-00016596-00017017 Just peek the necessary time
0xFA2HAAUoI-00014-00018718-00019013 *Right click*
0xFA2HAAUoI-00015-00021512-00022000 *You must keep holding both clicks*
0xFA2HAAUoI-00016-00023500-00023769 Enemy Perspective
0xFA2HAAUoI-00017-00024000-00025081 Here, two people are needed. One must get burned and the other must throw the smoke to the one who is burning.
0xFA2HAAUoI-00018-00025381-00025700 This is the result
0xFA2HAAUoI-00019-00026300-00026843 *You must keep holding both clicks*
0xFA2HAAUoI-00020-00027043-00027304 Enemy Perspective
0xFA2HAAUoI-00021-00028203-00028558 *Right click*
0xFA2HAAUoI-00022-00028759-00029294 Enemy perspective
0xFA2HAAUoI-00023-00030000-00030400 *You must keep holding both clicks*
0xFA2HAAUoI-00024-00030500-00031023 Enemy perspective
0yb6gPZmHJ4-00000-00000008-00000448 2020 was a great year, if you’re a masochist. Early in the year, bush fires killed 33
0yb6gPZmHJ4-00001-00000448-00000888 Australians, the aptly named “Black Summer” (soon to be renamed to “Not-so-bright Summer”
0yb6gPZmHJ4-00002-00000888-00001368 due to racial undertones). Australia was turned into a post-apocalyptic hell zone. Skies were
0yb6gPZmHJ4-00003-00001368-00001864 turned blood red. People wore masks in order to not die. The fires gradually subsided but
0yb6gPZmHJ4-00004-00001864-00002304 were replaced with coronavirus. International and domestic borders were slammed shut. People
0yb6gPZmHJ4-00005-00002304-00002840 were fighting over toilet paper. Masks weren’t recommended. George Floyd died. Did he die from
0yb6gPZmHJ4-00006-00002840-00003336 excessive force? Did he die from a fentanyl and methamphetamine overdose? Did he die from COVID?
0yb6gPZmHJ4-00007-00003336-00003696 Doesn’t matter. Black Lives Matter and Antifa saw an opportunity to hit the streets and
0yb6gPZmHJ4-00008-00003696-00004208 burn down America. Masks were optional. Social distancing unnecessary. But of course, kneeling
0yb6gPZmHJ4-00009-00004208-00004752 was mandatory. Protesters burnt the American flag with impunity. Proud Boys burnt the BLM flag and
0yb6gPZmHJ4-00010-00004752-00005344 their leader was arrested. Masks became mandatory. Americans voted. Joe Biden ostensibly won, but he
0yb6gPZmHJ4-00011-00005344-00005880 let slip that it was actually Kamala Harris who will become president. All in all, 2020 was sh!t.
0zVuwPA5GMg-00000-00000040-00000744 it looks like after i left the links to my video that had no views, it ends up
0zVuwPA5GMg-00001-00000744-00001136 in number of disciplines. it went from zero to three in nine hours,
0zVuwPA5GMg-00002-00001136-00001655 which is much more than we expected, but its views went up at a constant pace,
0zVuwPA5GMg-00003-00001832-00002464 but this is very weird. i obviously got more this size for my latest video.
0CiYyj7QS_4-00000-00007542-00007742 [Radio Playing]  Reports have also indicated that armed robbery
0CiYyj7QS_4-00001-00007742-00007920 carjacking and drug related crimes
0CiYyj7QS_4-00002-00007920-00008290 have registered at an all time record high in the Jomdon slum area
0CiYyj7QS_4-00003-00008342-00008906 The murder of the former CID agent has opened up investigations on tentative speculations concerning
0CiYyj7QS_4-00004-00008944-00009204 organized crimes in the dark alleys of Jomdon
0CiYyj7QS_4-00005-00009278-00009776 Files prepared by the detective on supposed criminal bigwigs are now at large.
0CiYyj7QS_4-00006-00009926-00010022 Hello Mojo
0CiYyj7QS_4-00007-00010060-00010124 -Stevo
0CiYyj7QS_4-00008-00010126-00010276 -Hello, Wassup
0CiYyj7QS_4-00009-00010310-00010578 Ah! This guy never has airtime
0CiYyj7QS_4-00010-00010730-00010818 - I have airtime man
0CiYyj7QS_4-00011-00010818-00010942 My phone had hung
0CiYyj7QS_4-00012-00011090-00011250 There is an ongoing crackdown, have you heard the news of late?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00013-00011258-00011356 There's going to be a lot of pressure
0CiYyj7QS_4-00014-00011408-00011610 You will have to stay alert
0CiYyj7QS_4-00015-00011684-00011978 Tell me something that I don't know. I know there is a crackdown
0CiYyj7QS_4-00016-00012040-00012248 Listen Steve, my guys are also in the mix
0CiYyj7QS_4-00017-00012248-00012486 If we are cought everyone goes down
0CiYyj7QS_4-00018-00012550-00012722 - So what do you suggest?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00019-00012722-00012986 - If you still have the footage we could review it
0CiYyj7QS_4-00020-00013030-00013274 I think I might recognize one of the guys who killed your father
0CiYyj7QS_4-00021-00013324-00013434 Recognize?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00022-00013497-00013719 What do you man you can recognize one of the...
0CiYyj7QS_4-00023-00013754-00013960 Didn't you say the footage cant really do much?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00024-00013960-00014106 [Phone disconects]
0CiYyj7QS_4-00025-00014462-00014618 [Rizzla] Shahidi
0CiYyj7QS_4-00026-00014791-00014952 Hello my name is Sally
0CiYyj7QS_4-00027-00014952-00015082 Ill be your waitress for today
0CiYyj7QS_4-00028-00015110-00015228 What can I get you?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00029-00015228-00015334 - Where is Shahidi?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00030-00015354-00015574 Uhm. She is out
0CiYyj7QS_4-00031-00015574-00015697 Her shift is over
0CiYyj7QS_4-00032-00015786-00015854 Oh really?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00033-00015966-00016158 and, whose phone is that ringing at the counter?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00034-00016244-00016392 Thats mine, ill just pick it.
0CiYyj7QS_4-00035-00016392-00016512 Excuse me
0CiYyj7QS_4-00036-00016700-00016812 Shahidi!
0CiYyj7QS_4-00037-00017156-00017284 Do we really have to do this now?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00038-00017284-00017438 I really have to go.
0CiYyj7QS_4-00039-00017438-00017638 [Mocking her] Do we have to do this?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00040-00017638-00017746 Shut up!
0CiYyj7QS_4-00041-00017864-00017942 Youll get me in...
0CiYyj7QS_4-00042-00017942-00018052 Sit down!
0CiYyj7QS_4-00043-00018544-00018744 Please, just leave me alone
0CiYyj7QS_4-00044-00020493-00021029 No, it doesn't work like that that man you're talking about happens to be my boss. Okay?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00045-00021105-00021788 You can go to tell your boss to quit stalking me. It's not that simple. He spent a lot in you honey. Let go of me
0CiYyj7QS_4-00046-00021788-00022310 I swear you call the police. Can you hear yourself? You're a criminal to surviving? That's my mercy
0CiYyj7QS_4-00047-00022383-00022583 Would you really want from me Riddler?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00048-00022722-00023335 Okay, I'll make it simple for you, okay, just stop it knowing my bosses calls you ain't here for me again ever
0CiYyj7QS_4-00049-00023418-00023618 You can tell him to go to hell
0CiYyj7QS_4-00050-00023676-00024040 Wow my boss might ignore those words, but me
0CiYyj7QS_4-00051-00037204-00037442 Listen I am NOT going to take any money from that man
0CiYyj7QS_4-00052-00037494-00038157 This is dirty money. It has blood dripping all over it. That man is a criminal please you have to listen to me
0CiYyj7QS_4-00053-00038228-00038332 Would you relax Sally?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00054-00038332-00038532 My man is not a criminal
0CiYyj7QS_4-00055-00038532-00038776 People cant see a man prosper without accusing him of illegal gains?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00056-00038796-00039402 No, I have had a lot of bad things about this guy people are saying the CID have him on their watch list
0CiYyj7QS_4-00057-00039458-00039736 Nonsense! He owns several flats around Jomdon
0CiYyj7QS_4-00058-00042036-00042198 [Mash] Catch him!
0CiYyj7QS_4-00059-00042296-00042416 get him! Get him!
0CiYyj7QS_4-00060-00042498-00042566 Catch him!
0CiYyj7QS_4-00061-00042566-00042642 Get that guy!
0CiYyj7QS_4-00062-00042642-00042802 You think you can run from us?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00063-00042880-00042980 Where did you get that stuff?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00064-00043076-00043126 What are you doing here?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00065-00043168-00043218 - I was jus..
0CiYyj7QS_4-00066-00043218-00043276 - Who sent you here?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00067-00043298-00043434 Bruh I live in this neighborhood
0CiYyj7QS_4-00068-00043434-00043608 Wait a second
0CiYyj7QS_4-00069-00043738-00043846 What do we have here?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00070-00043994-00044194 He's got some premium product
0CiYyj7QS_4-00071-00044290-00044508 You! Where did you get this from?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00072-00044564-00044716 Go and tell whoever sent you
0CiYyj7QS_4-00073-00044734-00044866 Jomdon is our teritorry
0CiYyj7QS_4-00074-00044880-00044930 Is that clear?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00075-00044942-00045092 - I promise you, no one sent me here
0CiYyj7QS_4-00076-00045122-00045172 - Do you understand?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00077-00045186-00045340 We are going to hurt you badly
0CiYyj7QS_4-00078-00045340-00045444 Foolish child!
0CiYyj7QS_4-00079-00045518-00045582 You!
0CiYyj7QS_4-00080-00045700-00045842 What are you doing to that kid?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00081-00045866-00046020 Young man, hit the road
0CiYyj7QS_4-00082-00046020-00046126 Dont interrupt us
0CiYyj7QS_4-00083-00046132-00046266 - Mind your own business
0CiYyj7QS_4-00084-00046360-00046520 Ever since you left the ghetto
0CiYyj7QS_4-00085-00046526-00046694 You think you are the man!
0CiYyj7QS_4-00086-00048298-00048384 Very useless!
0CiYyj7QS_4-00087-00048428-00048628 You can't even fight off one man?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00088-00048646-00048924 Even with your height you still can't take down one guy?
0CiYyj7QS_4-00089-00048980-00049198 Listen! I need that kid delivered to me by sunrise tomorow
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00000-00000010-00000060 THEY START THEIR HOME SCHEDULE
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00001-00000060-00000066 THEY START THEIR HOME SCHEDULE  
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00002-00000066-00000173 THEY START THEIR HOME SCHEDULE WITH A BANG.
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00003-00000173-00000180 THEY START THEIR HOME SCHEDULE WITH A BANG.  
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00004-00000180-00000316 THEY START THEIR HOME SCHEDULE WITH A BANG. 5-1 THE FINAL TONIGHT.
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00005-00000316-00000323 WITH A BANG. 5-1 THE FINAL TONIGHT.  
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00006-00000323-00000480 WITH A BANG. 5-1 THE FINAL TONIGHT. LET'S GO TO MOORHEAD, ROSEAU
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00007-00000480-00000487 5-1 THE FINAL TONIGHT. LET'S GO TO MOORHEAD, ROSEAU  
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00008-00000487-00000720 5-1 THE FINAL TONIGHT. LET'S GO TO MOORHEAD, ROSEAU BOYS PAYING THE SPUDS A VISIT.
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00009-00000720-00000727 LET'S GO TO MOORHEAD, ROSEAU BOYS PAYING THE SPUDS A VISIT.  
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00010-00000727-00000967 LET'S GO TO MOORHEAD, ROSEAU BOYS PAYING THE SPUDS A VISIT. AS WE KNOW, THIS MOORHEAD TEAM
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00011-00000967-00000974 BOYS PAYING THE SPUDS A VISIT. AS WE KNOW, THIS MOORHEAD TEAM  
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00012-00000974-00001154 BOYS PAYING THE SPUDS A VISIT. AS WE KNOW, THIS MOORHEAD TEAM IS PRETTY GOOD.
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00013-00001154-00001161 AS WE KNOW, THIS MOORHEAD TEAM IS PRETTY GOOD.  
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00014-00001161-00001307 AS WE KNOW, THIS MOORHEAD TEAM IS PRETTY GOOD. FROM THE POINT, THAT GETS THEM
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00015-00001307-00001314 IS PRETTY GOOD. FROM THE POINT, THAT GETS THEM  
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00016-00001314-00001624 IS PRETTY GOOD. FROM THE POINT, THAT GETS THEM ON THE BOARD.
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00017-00001624-00001631 FROM THE POINT, THAT GETS THEM ON THE BOARD.  
0DrHrUAo4Hk-00018-00001631-00001961 FROM THE POINT, THAT GETS THEM ON THE BOARD. THEN LATER COAL FROM -- COLE
0E8L_FSdSqy-00000-00002608-00003112 this video series is sponsored by american coffee and tea american coffee and tea is
0E8L_FSdSqy-00001-00003112-00003656 located at the corner of stonebrook parkway and the north dallas tollway uh right next to the
0E8L_FSdSqy-00002-00003711-00004344 shale station in frisco texas guys if if you pride yourself in supporting local businesses
0E8L_FSdSqy-00003-00004344-00005000 and you pride yours you pride you pride yourself in being patriotic and believe in in capitalism
0E8L_FSdSqy-00004-00005000-00005640 and and believe and the opportunity to forge your own path pathway in your business and in life then
0E8L_FSdSqy-00005-00005640-00006112 stop by american coffee and tea and support them the staff is fantastic they're friendly and and
0E8L_FSdSqy-00006-00006200-00007128 hospitable and and you just get a sense of of community and and uh i would say harmony when
0E8L_FSdSqy-00007-00007128-00007616 you go in there guys american coffee tea today i'm drinking the cobra it's very good and tasty it's
0E8L_FSdSqy-00008-00007616-00008216 robust i love it so make sure you stop by then when you get a chance in frisco texas hey what's
0E8L_FSdSqy-00009-00008216-00008568 up guys welcome to the rush out perspective you know every now and then you'll run into
0E8L_FSdSqy-00010-00008568-00008992 a person who you look in their eyes you can tell that they recognize their own humanity
0E8L_FSdSqy-00011-00009072-00009560 not only that but they also understand humanity is all about limitless empathy
0E8L_FSdSqy-00012-00009560-00010024 but born from born from the hearts understanding that another person is just as real as they are
0E8L_FSdSqy-00013-00010120-00010608 as a board member of operation carry international and a sponsor for fellowship power lunch
0E8L_FSdSqy-00014-00010608-00011152 katie andy makes it her mission to surrender a piece of herself in order to understand and
0E8L_FSdSqy-00015-00011152-00011752 identify with the journeys and sometimes the struggles people face she knows that her time
0E8L_FSdSqy-00016-00011752-00012232 and commitment to all these causes are part of a greater mission of helping people find
0E8L_FSdSqy-00017-00012232-00012752 peace and happiness in their lives so it's my great pleasure to introduce to you katie andy
0E8L_FSdSqy-00018-00012752-00013191 thank you russ katie it's a pleasure to have you here thank you it's a pleasure to be here
0E8L_FSdSqy-00019-00013463-00014063 did i get you i lost my voice there for a second all right awesome yeah i think i hit all points i
0E8L_FSdSqy-00020-00014063-00014591 feel that you know i see it when i look in your eyes i can tell you recognize your own humanity
0E8L_FSdSqy-00021-00014591-00015240 and and that that you give a piece of yourself to each of the organizations that you represent
0E8L_FSdSqy-00022-00015240-00015728 and and in that journey with people you get to understand them better
0E8L_FSdSqy-00023-00015728-00016312 and and you also it's your mission to help them find peace and joy in their lives so absolutely
0E8L_FSdSqy-00024-00016384-00016792 that's absolutely correct and i think that two key things you said there are surrender
0E8L_FSdSqy-00025-00016904-00017304 surrendering a piece of yourself because that's really what we're doing but when we surrender that
0E8L_FSdSqy-00026-00017304-00018128 we gain so much back that's awesome i might get emotional okay you know okay okay so let's start
0E8L_FSdSqy-00027-00018128-00018576 off by first i want to tell you that i admire and appreciate the work you do in the community we've
0E8L_FSdSqy-00028-00018576-00019120 worked together on many projects and i've always find this joyful heart a joyful hope and heart
0E8L_FSdSqy-00029-00019120-00019656 from you and it's it's a great it's a it's great to be partnering with you on on these things too i
0E8L_FSdSqy-00030-00019656-00020152 want you to know that thank you that feeling goes both way rush awesome okay well first things first
0E8L_FSdSqy-00031-00020216-00020760 let's start off by paying respect to black history month okay by saying happy black history month to
0E8L_FSdSqy-00032-00020760-00021360 you and your family talk to me a little bit about what black history month month means to to you you
0E8L_FSdSqy-00033-00021360-00021976 and your family so being a blended family i think that it's important that we celebrate all cultures
0E8L_FSdSqy-00034-00022040-00022464 god didn't create any one culture better than the other he didn't create any one race better than
0E8L_FSdSqy-00035-00022464-00022968 the other we're all brothers and sisters and that blended nation right that is what we're
0E8L_FSdSqy-00036-00022968-00023464 called to be we're called to collaborate to create together to communicate to cooperate
0E8L_FSdSqy-00037-00023520-00024104 and i think that it's important because we've had a marginalized piece of our society that has not
0E8L_FSdSqy-00038-00024104-00024848 been given proper credit for their contributions to society and science art math industry
0E8L_FSdSqy-00039-00024848-00025488 manufacturing and so to have a particular month that we can set aside and learn and truly learn
0E8L_FSdSqy-00040-00025488-00025968 the things that aren't taught in the textbooks because they've been taken out or eliminated or
0E8L_FSdSqy-00041-00025968-00026560 oppressed it's important that all of us are part of that conversation and that we learn truth and
0E8L_FSdSqy-00042-00026560-00027016 so to me that's what the month represents it's an opportunity for us to all come to the table
0E8L_FSdSqy-00043-00027080-00027600 good bad and ugly and to talk about truth and to give credit where credit's due absolutely you know
0E8L_FSdSqy-00044-00027808-00028224 martin luther king you know there are points in history that really stand out
0E8L_FSdSqy-00045-00028224-00028672 you know for african americans black history month and just black history period
0E8L_FSdSqy-00046-00028672-00029232 um is there one specific piece of history that you go this one's the most significant one that
0E8L_FSdSqy-00047-00029232-00029600 impacts me the most there are there are so many and for me and i remember this going all the way
0E8L_FSdSqy-00048-00029600-00030160 back to i think probably my fifth grade year right but it stuck with me but harriet tubman
0E8L_FSdSqy-00049-00030224-00031127 absolutely is my hero she is somebody who um shows what it is to take courage to surrender
0E8L_FSdSqy-00050-00031127-00031568 yourself to surrender maybe pieces of your own freedom so that you can go back and get others
0E8L_FSdSqy-00051-00031568-00032176 and bring them out and so just her courage her tenacity and she did this all the way through
0E8L_FSdSqy-00052-00032176-00032727 the end of her life and so she definitely somebody i celebrate but there's so many great prophets and
0E8L_FSdSqy-00053-00032727-00033408 activists and people that god has sent into the world we just have to listen and not crucify them
0E8L_FSdSqy-00054-00033408-00034016 yeah perfectly said i agree with you 100 on harriet tubman and so many others oh so many yes
0E8L_FSdSqy-00055-00034016-00034600 yeah okay so talk to me okay you let's transition you work it you work with interleague mortgage
0E8L_FSdSqy-00056-00034600-00035072 and what do you what do you guys do over in our league so interlink mortgage is a mortgage banker
0E8L_FSdSqy-00057-00035072-00035576 we provide financing to first-time home buyers second-time homebuyers purchasing your dream home
0E8L_FSdSqy-00058-00035576-00036144 investment property basically the way i look at my role and this is my 24th year in the mortgage
0E8L_FSdSqy-00059-00036144-00036648 industry but i'm here to help i'm here to help people realize the dream of home ownership and
0E8L_FSdSqy-00060-00036648-00037160 we have lots of different programs from zero down products down payment assistance we have jumbo
0E8L_FSdSqy-00061-00037160-00037632 loans bank statement programs so lots of different tools in our toolbox to help people achieve that
0E8L_FSdSqy-00062-00037632-00038144 dream that's awesome you've been 24 years in the mortgage industry that's like a lot it's a
0E8L_FSdSqy-00063-00038304-00038736 legacy of body of work that can be much appreciated and valued if someone reaches
0E8L_FSdSqy-00064-00038736-00039384 out to you if someone reached out to you where would they go so they can find me at www.kandylon
0E8L_FSdSqy-00065-00039488-00039768 you can also find me on facebook my phone number is
0E8L_FSdSqy-00066-00040704-00041008 the industry and 817-807-5367 products and programs available as well
0E8L_FSdSqy-00067-00041072-00041480 one of the things that i love being in the industry as long as i have been
0E8L_FSdSqy-00068-00041480-00041928 is that i'm starting to get the next generation i'm starting to get the kids of families that i
0E8L_FSdSqy-00069-00041928-00042368 closed whenever i was still just a processor so it's pretty exciting that's crazy that's like
0E8L_FSdSqy-00070-00042368-00042832 that's like i'm sure you're like wow that's like an awesome it's so fun it's so fun that's so cool
0E8L_FSdSqy-00071-00042832-00043408 okay you're also a board member of operation care international and a sponsor for sponsor
0E8L_FSdSqy-00072-00043408-00043856 for fellowship power lunch talk to me a little bit about each of those organizations so let me
0E8L_FSdSqy-00073-00043856-00044280 start with fellowship power lunch because that's actually how i got connected with operation care
0E8L_FSdSqy-00074-00044344-00044832 so fellowship power lunch we just celebrated our sixth year and this was a vision that lisa
0E8L_FSdSqy-00075-00044832-00045320 k gurney had had that god had placed on her hearts a few years before she actually stepped
0E8L_FSdSqy-00076-00045320-00046016 out in faith and basically fellowship power lunch brings speakers authors people from the political
0E8L_FSdSqy-00077-00046016-00046736 atmosphere from sports from media but they bring she brings them in to speak to a group
0E8L_FSdSqy-00078-00046736-00047144 of people right we're just it's fellowship it's not networking it's an opportunity to step away
0E8L_FSdSqy-00079-00047144-00047672 from your busyness and connect with other people receive a good lunch and receive a good word right
0E8L_FSdSqy-00080-00047672-00048280 and it's nourishing for the soul and the body fellowship power launch in 2016 in november
0E8L_FSdSqy-00081-00048280-00048936 susie jennings who's the founder of operation care was our guest speaker and susie's story touched me
0E8L_FSdSqy-00082-00048936-00049464 in such a poignant way that i immediately signed up to volunteer for their annual
0E8L_FSdSqy-00083-00049464-00049984 christmas party for jesus which is a christmas event serving our homeless community and our
0E8L_FSdSqy-00084-00049984-00050560 severely impoverished families so it immediately spoke to me i grew up in poverty so i understand
0E8L_FSdSqy-00085-00050560-00051056 what that struggle is like and i believe that when we have been blessed to come up out of
0E8L_FSdSqy-00086-00051056-00051504 that it is our responsibility to turn around and then bless others and help them along the way
0E8L_FSdSqy-00087-00051504-00051984 so a hand up not a handout but finding a way to connect with people and show them that there
0E8L_FSdSqy-00088-00052048-00052472 is a way forward and where they are today isn't necessarily where they're going to end up
0E8L_FSdSqy-00089-00052472-00053016 and so it represented a lot of hope and it represented um an opportunity for me to share
0E8L_FSdSqy-00090-00053016-00053679 my time and my talent and my treasure so i started out as a volunteer that first year and my daughter
0E8L_FSdSqy-00091-00053679-00054367 at the time served with me and from there we've served pretty much every year since and in 2000
0E8L_FSdSqy-00092-00054496-00055144 i think 2019 i was able to bring interlink family foundation on as a partner with operation care
0E8L_FSdSqy-00093-00055144-00055664 in the way of grant money and so i've been able to do that for the last couple of years
0E8L_FSdSqy-00094-00055664-00056384 with operation care and in 2021 susie jennings asked me if i would consider prayerfully consider
0E8L_FSdSqy-00095-00056384-00057008 being a board member which i did i am very protective of my time so i want to make sure that
0E8L_FSdSqy-00096-00057008-00057776 if i'm saying yes that i'm saying yes to the right thing and the right time because i am a mother i
0E8L_FSdSqy-00097-00057776-00058360 am a wife and that that's my first ministry but it's been a blessing to be a part of the board
0E8L_FSdSqy-00098-00058360-00058904 and to see what all actually goes into bringing those events to the community
0E8L_FSdSqy-00099-00058904-00059704 but also understanding the operation care is not just that one event they provide um they provide
0E8L_FSdSqy-00100-00059872-00060328 tangible items to the homeless community and the impoverished community throughout
0E8L_FSdSqy-00101-00060328-00060752 the year through their st joseph storehouse so it's an ongoing ministry it's just that that's
0E8L_FSdSqy-00102-00060752-00061200 that's one main event that they do each year that's awesome yeah i love it yeah it sounds like
0E8L_FSdSqy-00103-00061200-00061791 a very impactful um event both organizations i'm familiar with uh fellowship power lynch because i
0E8L_FSdSqy-00104-00061791-00062432 do a lot of work with y'all and um but man the uh operation care international is pretty impactful
0E8L_FSdSqy-00105-00062432-00063240 okay next question is how important are these organizations to to the community they both serve
0E8L_FSdSqy-00106-00063312-00063912 a purpose to connect people and to help people right that is probably the biggest
0E8L_FSdSqy-00107-00063912-00064304 thing i think that we've been missing in the last few years especially with covid is we are
0E8L_FSdSqy-00108-00064384-00065064 we've lost a lot of connection we've been so isolated and so even during cove fellowship was
0E8L_FSdSqy-00109-00065064-00065608 able to meet via zoom so we still had our monthly luncheons with our speakers and we were able to
0E8L_FSdSqy-00110-00065608-00066224 use technology to still bring people together and during that time our membership actually grew
0E8L_FSdSqy-00111-00066280-00066832 because people were able to attend a little bit more easily via the zoom connection than taking
0E8L_FSdSqy-00112-00066832-00067392 time out and driving and going to the event whenever it was at crest infinity but what
0E8L_FSdSqy-00113-00067392-00067904 we found is that people were hungry for that connection people still needed that personal
0E8L_FSdSqy-00114-00067904-00068336 touch and that's really what fellowship is all about like i said it's not a networking event
0E8L_FSdSqy-00115-00068336-00068912 it's a connection event it is an opportunity to go and connect and to to meet other people
0E8L_FSdSqy-00116-00068912-00069520 that maybe share similar stories and we just recently had jim monroe who's an author and a
0E8L_FSdSqy-00117-00069520-00069904 speaker and a skeptic and a lot of people probably know him from his i am second
0E8L_FSdSqy-00118-00069976-00070616 and that was probably out of the six years that we've been hosting that event it was one of the
0E8L_FSdSqy-00119-00070616-00071240 most impactful that we've experienced so far but for me being able to connect with people
0E8L_FSdSqy-00120-00071296-00071864 in a meaningful way with authenticity and being genuine that's what we're called to do
0E8L_FSdSqy-00121-00071864-00072280 none of us are called to live in isolation you know no man is an island unto himself
0E8L_FSdSqy-00122-00072280-00072984 right and so when we step out of our comfort zone and we step out of ourselves and we help others
0E8L_FSdSqy-00123-00073120-00073680 it will multiply yeah you know i kind of call it god's divine math you know whatever burdens
0E8L_FSdSqy-00124-00073680-00074456 we carry are divided and whatever joys we share become multiplied so these sorts of events allow
0E8L_FSdSqy-00125-00074456-00075016 us to multiply the blessings that we've been given that's amazing i love that okay how's
0E8L_FSdSqy-00126-00075016-00075760 it go again so god's a divine math right so our burdens when we share them become divided and our
0E8L_FSdSqy-00127-00075760-00076504 joys when we share them become multiplied i love that yes okay being part of these organizations
0E8L_FSdSqy-00128-00076504-00076936 is there a story or an experience that sticks out in your mind that has impacted you the most
0E8L_FSdSqy-00129-00077056-00077792 so they both have different things right with operation care i think on a personal level where
0E8L_FSdSqy-00130-00077792-00078320 it really impacted me the first year i served in toys so i was in the back i didn't really get to
0E8L_FSdSqy-00131-00078320-00078864 experience the event and in the front i didn't get to see the people right i was just bagging toys
0E8L_FSdSqy-00132-00078952-00079432 the my daughter who went with me at the time was 15 was originally going to serve in the
0E8L_FSdSqy-00133-00079432-00079848 santa area to take pictures right that's where she was comfortable but right across from that
0E8L_FSdSqy-00134-00079848-00080384 is the family foot washing station and this is where children come and have their feet washed
0E8L_FSdSqy-00135-00080384-00080952 and they get new socks and new shoes and i'm telling you what a beautiful thing right yeah
0E8L_FSdSqy-00136-00080952-00081552 i had kind of wanted her to serve there but at 15 didn't know if i was a seller on that right well
0E8L_FSdSqy-00137-00081552-00082080 they were short-handed there they were over over volunteered in the santa station and they came
0E8L_FSdSqy-00138-00082080-00082576 over and asked her volunteers and she said i'll go wow and of course as a mom i was so proud right
0E8L_FSdSqy-00139-00082640-00083136 so but i didn't know this until after the event so she comes and she tells me and she's excited and
0E8L_FSdSqy-00140-00083136-00083928 she's also softened yeah and she goes mom she goes seeing the look on these kids faces she goes this
0E8L_FSdSqy-00141-00083928-00084536 is where we have to serve this is where we have to serve every single year she goes being able to
0E8L_FSdSqy-00142-00084600-00085088 talk to this child to connect with his child to make them laugh and to see them get this pair of
0E8L_FSdSqy-00143-00085088-00085800 shoes it seems like something that is so small but the following year when we did serve there
0E8L_FSdSqy-00144-00085872-00086400 i caught what she caught yeah and it is that humanity yeah and for a lot of these
0E8L_FSdSqy-00145-00086400-00087016 children this is their pair of shoes for the year they don't go in their closet and have
0E8L_FSdSqy-00146-00087016-00087576 eight pairs of shoes to choose from they have one pair and as that pair starts to fall apart
0E8L_FSdSqy-00147-00087704-00088184 they just have to walk through it through the holes in their shoes and we will see children
0E8L_FSdSqy-00148-00088184-00088872 year after year and we get to see them grow yeah and hopefully my goal is that we stop
0E8L_FSdSqy-00149-00088872-00089384 seeing some of those children that maybe they are able to raise up out of that that mom and dad are
0E8L_FSdSqy-00150-00089384-00089880 given opportunity that maybe this is just a season but they are going to come out of it
0E8L_FSdSqy-00151-00089880-00090608 but that's the hope that we want to sow is that each season that you go through there is hope
0E8L_FSdSqy-00152-00090608-00091088 on the other side of that that your station could be better that your opportunity could be better
0E8L_FSdSqy-00153-00091088-00091760 life can change like that yeah and so if we can sow that hope and share that love and really just
0E8L_FSdSqy-00154-00091848-00092384 share the humanity right you know i see you yeah and i want to see you smile i want to make you
0E8L_FSdSqy-00155-00092384-00092864 laugh yeah i want to love on you a little bit awesome you know yeah so it's fantastic it's
0E8L_FSdSqy-00156-00092864-00093352 beautiful i got a little choked up i'll be honest with you i really did it's emotional you know um
0E8L_FSdSqy-00157-00093352-00094040 people don't understand these the spiritual significance of washing someone's feet and
0E8L_FSdSqy-00158-00094040-00094560 and you know the connection with christ and so that's a beautiful expression too
0E8L_FSdSqy-00159-00094560-00095072 in its own right too you know and that's that is exactly susie's vision for that that's that is one
0E8L_FSdSqy-00160-00095072-00095552 of the reasons that the foot washing station both on the homeless side and on the family side it is
0E8L_FSdSqy-00161-00095552-00096192 a signature piece and that's what she started with and so internationally the countries that we adopt
0E8L_FSdSqy-00162-00096256-00096832 that is the signature event that takes place so there is evangelism there there's the foot washing
0E8L_FSdSqy-00163-00096832-00097408 there's the new shoes in texas obviously we've got the toys and we have the meals and all of that too
0E8L_FSdSqy-00164-00097408-00097968 but in the other countries that she goes to the signature thing that we do is wash the feet of
0E8L_FSdSqy-00165-00097968-00098456 the children and the homeless and provide them new shoes and it is that that is the example
0E8L_FSdSqy-00166-00098456-00099048 christ gave us as far as serving he didn't come so that he could be served he came so that he could
0E8L_FSdSqy-00167-00099048-00099664 serve yeah what have you learned about humanity being part of these organizations that there's
0E8L_FSdSqy-00168-00099664-00100352 hope yeah um you know there's so many things going on in the world right now that we could focus on
0E8L_FSdSqy-00169-00100448-00101416 that could take our peace away but being part of a organization that is bigger than yourself
0E8L_FSdSqy-00170-00101416-00102064 and that is actually doing work in the community it connects you to the good things to the joy
0E8L_FSdSqy-00171-00102136-00102783 to you know when you pour love out you can't help but open up and have love poured back in and
0E8L_FSdSqy-00172-00102848-00103728 um i can't imagine a life where i'm not serving anymore and there were many years that i didn't
0E8L_FSdSqy-00173-00103728-00104224 there were many years i was tied up in my own business and my own goals and what i thought
0E8L_FSdSqy-00174-00104224-00104935 was important but in 2014 god really got a hold of me and you know he brought me out of a very
0E8L_FSdSqy-00175-00104935-00105535 very dark place he set me in a new place and it was a place for me to surrender my life to him
0E8L_FSdSqy-00176-00105600-00106320 and to really trust his process and his order to things and knowing what he brought me out of
0E8L_FSdSqy-00177-00106320-00106824 how can i not give back how can i not pour back that hope and others knowing what he's
0E8L_FSdSqy-00178-00106824-00107280 done for me how can i not share that with other people that he can do that for you too amen
0E8L_FSdSqy-00179-00107280-00107935 yeah awesome okay sponsorship within a community organization what are what are a couple of tips
0E8L_FSdSqy-00180-00107935-00108416 to gain sponsorship for like you know like your organizations that you're part of what are some
0E8L_FSdSqy-00181-00108416-00108848 some tips that you could give somebody who has an organization's how do i get i need sponsors i need
0E8L_FSdSqy-00182-00108848-00109448 sponsors for an event i need sponsors for a gala i want to host what are a couple of tips that you've
0E8L_FSdSqy-00183-00109448-00110000 you've kind of learned in the in being a part of uh um being a sponsor number one and being a
0E8L_FSdSqy-00184-00110000-00110840 board member so start small right it doesn't have to be a great big event yeah it can be something
0E8L_FSdSqy-00185-00110840-00111328 small i mean for me i had never thought about sponsoring an event like fellowship power launch
0E8L_FSdSqy-00186-00111328-00111911 before until lisa king came to me about it right and i was like yeah this sounds great let's do
0E8L_FSdSqy-00187-00111911-00112359 it and here we are six years later and i'm still a sponsor and we've seen so many sponsors come along
0E8L_FSdSqy-00188-00112488-00113088 we need money right organizations like operation care fellowship interlink family foundation
0E8L_FSdSqy-00189-00113159-00113608 all of the non-profits and this even in the veteran community all of the non-profits
0E8L_FSdSqy-00190-00113608-00114200 are serving the community their boots on ground right all of that takes dollars but if you start
0E8L_FSdSqy-00191-00114200-00114816 small if you start well what can i give first of all what's important to me yeah find something
0E8L_FSdSqy-00192-00114816-00115400 that makes your heart sing find an organization that speaks to something inside of you because
0E8L_FSdSqy-00193-00115400-00115896 i guarantee that everything that each one of us has gone through as a child and a teenager
0E8L_FSdSqy-00194-00115896-00116568 and as an adult there's something in our life that touched us in a certain way find the organizations
0E8L_FSdSqy-00195-00116568-00117016 that are doing that work because that's where you'll find the human connection that's where
0E8L_FSdSqy-00196-00117016-00117559 it will have meaning and then from there where can i put my dollars where can i put my time my
0E8L_FSdSqy-00197-00117559-00118168 talent my treasure and for sponsors same thing you know what does your organization represent
0E8L_FSdSqy-00198-00118224-00118872 and what organizations within the community that are doing that work who can you connect with to
0E8L_FSdSqy-00199-00118872-00119720 put your corporate dollars as a sponsor to help bring those events or supplies or therapy or
0E8L_FSdSqy-00200-00119792-00120240 um make a wish sort of things i mean there's so many needs that can be met but find the
0E8L_FSdSqy-00201-00120240-00120583 organizations that are meeting the need and put your time talent and treasure there
0E8L_FSdSqy-00202-00120704-00121152 and then as far as this is something i had never fundraised before fellowship power lunch and
0E8L_FSdSqy-00203-00121152-00121496 before our first annual veterans appreciation event which you walked through that with us
0E8L_FSdSqy-00204-00121656-00122368 it's amazing if you ask most people have a heart to give some people just don't know where to give
0E8L_FSdSqy-00205-00122368-00123040 right so don't be afraid to ask and let them know what you're about be transparent and let them know
0E8L_FSdSqy-00206-00123040-00123568 you know no matter how small that seed is how much that donation is it will make a difference because
0E8L_FSdSqy-00207-00123568-00124096 if we have a hundred people making a one dollar donation that's a hundred dollars that we've just
0E8L_FSdSqy-00208-00124096-00124640 raised right and then you multiply that so we all have social networks but we also have our inner
0E8L_FSdSqy-00209-00124640-00125232 sphere so i always start with that inner sphere you know go go small yeah but then also use the
0E8L_FSdSqy-00210-00125232-00125864 social media platforms to go big yeah katie it's always this has been a wonderful conversation
0E8L_FSdSqy-00211-00125864-00126535 enlightenment of who you are the embodiment of of of humanity your contributions to the community
0E8L_FSdSqy-00212-00126535-00127168 how you're motivated by by helping others achieve their their happiness and personal uh fulfillment
0E8L_FSdSqy-00213-00127168-00127592 for their lives and i'm honored to know you and work with you all the time and it's it's
0E8L_FSdSqy-00214-00127592-00127976 been a great pleasure to sit down and and have a conversation with you about the the things that
0E8L_FSdSqy-00215-00127976-00128600 are important in your life and your mission and going on in the community so i appreciate you
0E8L_FSdSqy-00216-00128600-00129008 i ask you real quick before we wrap up are there any events that we need to know about that are
0E8L_FSdSqy-00217-00129008-00129680 coming up uh with uh with opposition operation uh care international or fellowship powerlifting yes
0E8L_FSdSqy-00218-00129680-00130159 so both so fellowship power lunch meets the third tuesday of every month um we are going to have a
0E8L_FSdSqy-00219-00130159-00130632 new location in march so look for that on social media on facebook under fellowship power lunch
0E8L_FSdSqy-00220-00130632-00131080 or you can look us up on fellowshipperlaunch.com we do meet monthly and then we're about to have
0E8L_FSdSqy-00221-00131080-00131608 our fourth annual veterans appreciation event in november we are looking for corporate sponsors as
0E8L_FSdSqy-00222-00131608-00132088 well as individual sponsors as well as volunteers and veterans this is free to veterans and their
0E8L_FSdSqy-00223-00132088-00132680 spouse it is an opportunity for us to thank them to honor them just appreciate them we always have
0E8L_FSdSqy-00224-00132680-00133408 a great speaker for that event as far as operation care goes we have a love banquet coming up the
0E8L_FSdSqy-00225-00133408-00134096 saturday it's easter weekend so it's it's the saturday before easter and it is at esp which is
0E8L_FSdSqy-00226-00134096-00134904 a former strip club turned into a church downtown right yeah yes so restoration and a lot of ways
0E8L_FSdSqy-00227-00134904-00135568 and we will be serving the homeless an incredible banquet we have a company that comes they have
0E8L_FSdSqy-00228-00135568-00136176 mobile showers and so the homeless can come get a shower they can get fed again the foot washing is
0E8L_FSdSqy-00229-00136176-00136608 part of that event as well and then we also have some great entertainment lined up i think we have
0E8L_FSdSqy-00230-00136608-00137104 some magicians coming in this year to entertain while they have lunch but it's just an opportunity
0E8L_FSdSqy-00231-00137104-00137672 for us to love them them easter weekend awesome katie it's a pleasure to have you again um i
0E8L_FSdSqy-00232-00137672-00138104 love you very much as a friend his sister in christ and uh and i look forward to seeing you
0E8L_FSdSqy-00233-00138104-00138616 at all the amazing events and i definitely want to partner up with you on operation care now to carry
0E8L_FSdSqy-00234-00138616-00139080 international so we'll do that okay wonderful rush thank you again so much for having me awesome
0E8L_FSdSqy-00235-00139080-00140184 guys that's it for the rush out perspective as i always say the ocean refuses no river
0E8L_FSdSqy-00236-00142512-00142520 you
0F2jdODNpno-00000-00000836-00000994 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Good morning.
0F2jdODNpno-00001-00000994-00001486 Welcome to this Public Meeting of the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission.
0F2jdODNpno-00002-00001486-00001780 We have one item on the Agenda today.
0F2jdODNpno-00003-00001780-00002529 We are having a Public Hearing on a Petition submitted asking the Commission to act
0F2jdODNpno-00004-00002529-00002985 on a class of flame retardants known as organohalogens.
0F2jdODNpno-00005-00002985-00003354 I'm going to start with a series of three apologies.
0F2jdODNpno-00006-00003354-00003663 First, our regular hearing room is under renovation.
0F2jdODNpno-00007-00003663-00003983 This is not our regular hearing room, if anyone thought it was.
0F2jdODNpno-00008-00003983-00004567 So we're making the best of it and we are appreciative of everyone accommodating as best
0F2jdODNpno-00009-00004567-00005074 as they can the differences of how we have to do things today, both in this room and getting back
0F2jdODNpno-00010-00005074-00005581 and forth from this room and as the logistical questions arise, if you have any questions,
0F2jdODNpno-00011-00005581-00005943 Patricia Adkins, I believe, is -- she's in the back of the room, if you turn around,
0F2jdODNpno-00012-00005943-00006106 and she's going to pick up her hand.
0F2jdODNpno-00013-00006106-00006450 That's Patricia, if you have any logistical questions.
0F2jdODNpno-00014-00006450-00006970 Second apology is that everybody's testimony matters, whether they're in person
0F2jdODNpno-00015-00006970-00007339 or on the phone, and we've an incredibly tight schedule and so we're going
0F2jdODNpno-00016-00007339-00007734 to be pretty vigilant about the time and we're going to ask folks --
0F2jdODNpno-00017-00007734-00008044 one, we're going to apologize upfront about having to cut people off if they go
0F2jdODNpno-00018-00008044-00008293 over their time and we're going to hold ourselves accountable
0F2jdODNpno-00019-00008293-00008554 to that same time, but it's really important.
0F2jdODNpno-00020-00008554-00008845 When we've had these in the past, we know it can be frustrating
0F2jdODNpno-00021-00008845-00009286 for people whose testimony is toward the end, people have flights and other arrangements
0F2jdODNpno-00022-00009286-00009578 that they're trying to make, and we want to stick to that schedule
0F2jdODNpno-00023-00009578-00009953 because it matters whether they're going early, middle, or end.
0F2jdODNpno-00024-00009953-00010326 The third apology is that at some point today, I'm going to have to turn this
0F2jdODNpno-00025-00010326-00010739 over to Vice Chairman Adler to my left.
0F2jdODNpno-00026-00010739-00011391 Unfortunately, I had a knee issue arise that requires more medical attention later today
0F2jdODNpno-00027-00011391-00011594 and so I can't be here for the whole hearing.
0F2jdODNpno-00028-00011594-00011894 I will watch online as much as I can when I'm not in the room
0F2jdODNpno-00029-00011894-00012208 and I'll certainly make sure to watch the recorded version.
0F2jdODNpno-00030-00012208-00012523 This is a really important issue for all of us.
0F2jdODNpno-00031-00012523-00013062 I've spent a lot of time since I've been in this position trying to attempt to begin
0F2jdODNpno-00032-00013062-00013427 to crack the nut of chemical exposure to children.
0F2jdODNpno-00033-00013427-00013732 It's a frustrating -- and I'm not speaking for my colleagues.
0F2jdODNpno-00034-00013732-00014049 They'll be speaking for themselves quite eloquently.
0F2jdODNpno-00035-00014049-00014646 As a parent in particular, it's a very frustrating public policy posture for me
0F2jdODNpno-00036-00014646-00015027 that we have to wait to find out that our children might have been exposed
0F2jdODNpno-00037-00015027-00015647 to a very harmful chemical and those changes might be reparable for us to act,
0F2jdODNpno-00038-00015647-00016306 us meaning the U.S. Government, or even industry to act to try to take that chemical out of play
0F2jdODNpno-00039-00016306-00016879 and then even when -- the way the process works is even when that chemical is taken out of play,
0F2jdODNpno-00040-00016879-00017126 we often don't know what's coming in behind it.
0F2jdODNpno-00041-00017126-00017529 The term "regrettable substitution" will come up often today, I'm sure.
0F2jdODNpno-00042-00017529-00017897 I think there's a better public policy route to be taking so that we are figuring
0F2jdODNpno-00043-00017897-00018472 out alternatives that actually work and not continuing to whack-a-mole,
0F2jdODNpno-00044-00018472-00019023 get rid of a chemical that doesn't work and wait to see in 20 years whether the next generation
0F2jdODNpno-00045-00019023-00019386 of children has been exposed, and it's not only flame retardants.
0F2jdODNpno-00046-00019386-00019690 There's many other chemicals, many other products,
0F2jdODNpno-00047-00019690-00019951 areas beyond our jurisdiction of routes of exposure.
0F2jdODNpno-00048-00019951-00020579 We're not only talking about CPSC-related items but there has to be a better way and for me,
0F2jdODNpno-00049-00020579-00021235 sitting in this seat as a public policy-maker, all I want to know is does the action
0F2jdODNpno-00050-00021235-00021673 that we take make a difference for safety for children?
0F2jdODNpno-00051-00021673-00022237 And for those who I will be asking questions of, if we take the action requested
0F2jdODNpno-00052-00022237-00022751 or take a different action requested or don't take this action, how will we, the five of us,
0F2jdODNpno-00053-00022751-00023584 know that the choices we make will definitively make consumers, especially children, safer?
0F2jdODNpno-00054-00023584-00023771 That is my primary motivation.
0F2jdODNpno-00055-00023771-00024163 We want to make sure that whatever we do is actually going to help.
0F2jdODNpno-00056-00024163-00024539 And this, unlike taking out something like lead in children's products,
0F2jdODNpno-00057-00024539-00024820 this is a much more complicated public policy area
0F2jdODNpno-00058-00024820-00025095 because there are two potential hazards at play.
0F2jdODNpno-00059-00025095-00025445 There's the acute fire hazard, which obviously needs to be addressed,
0F2jdODNpno-00060-00025445-00025752 whether that's through some type of chemical or not, and I'll leave that up to others
0F2jdODNpno-00061-00025752-00026095 to decide, but the fire hazard is real.
0F2jdODNpno-00062-00026095-00026295 We recognize that.
0F2jdODNpno-00063-00026295-00026838 But then so is the potential chronic hazard of exposure and so whatever we do,
0F2jdODNpno-00064-00026838-00027452 we have to make sure that we're not potentially exposing people to more fires if we are going
0F2jdODNpno-00065-00027452-00027980 to act on chemicals and, conversely, that we're not choosing to deal with just the fire hazard
0F2jdODNpno-00066-00027980-00028275 without dealing with the chemical exposure hazard.
0F2jdODNpno-00067-00028275-00028756 So thank you, everybody, for coming today who appear on the phone.
0F2jdODNpno-00068-00028756-00029067 We probably, as I mentioned, will not be able to get to everyone's questions.
0F2jdODNpno-00069-00029067-00029354 I'd like to leave it up to the Commission to decide how long
0F2jdODNpno-00070-00029354-00029930 to leave the record open afterward and to figure out some mechanism by which we can -- okay.
0F2jdODNpno-00071-00029930-00030442 There's fewer than three people on the phone right now.
0F2jdODNpno-00072-00030442-00030827 Do I need to press this?
0F2jdODNpno-00073-00030827-00031283 Sorry. I have to press Star 1.
0F2jdODNpno-00074-00031283-00031930 Okay. We're hoping that worked.
0F2jdODNpno-00075-00031930-00032276 So we will try to figure out some mechanism to have questions for the record to make it as easy
0F2jdODNpno-00076-00032276-00032814 as possible for the Commission to ask follow-up questions and to have those entered
0F2jdODNpno-00077-00032814-00033323 into the record after the hearing is over and be included in any rulemaking that may occur.
0F2jdODNpno-00078-00033323-00033570 So with that, we're going to turn to our first panel.
0F2jdODNpno-00079-00033570-00034016 We are quite honored to have with us Dr. Linda Birnbaum is the Director
0F2jdODNpno-00080-00034016-00034436 of the National Institutes for Environmental Health Sciences, part of the National Institutes
0F2jdODNpno-00081-00034436-00034993 of Health, and unlike me being in this position, not only is Dr. Birnbaum the head
0F2jdODNpno-00082-00034993-00035255 of the agency, she's also an expert.
0F2jdODNpno-00083-00035255-00035777 She has spent decades studying these chemicals, flame retardants in particular,
0F2jdODNpno-00084-00035777-00036323 and so we are quite -- it's quite a privilege for us to have her testifying and so with that,
0F2jdODNpno-00085-00036323-00036584 Dr. Birnbaum, if you can please begin your testimony.
0F2jdODNpno-00086-00036584-00036886 PANEL 1 DR. BIRNBAUM: Good morning, Commissioners.
0F2jdODNpno-00087-00036886-00037432 I'm Linda Birnbaum, the Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
0F2jdODNpno-00088-00037432-00037819 one of the 27 institutes and centers of the National Institutes of Health,
0F2jdODNpno-00089-00037819-00038758 and I'm also Director of the National Toxicology Program, which involves FDA, CDC, and NIH.
0F2jdODNpno-00090-00038758-00039003 I'm also a Principal Investigator
0F2jdODNpno-00091-00039003-00039388 of the National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program.
0F2jdODNpno-00092-00039388-00039812 For the last 14 years or more, my research has focused
0F2jdODNpno-00093-00039812-00040214 on understanding the environmental health effects of flame retardants
0F2jdODNpno-00094-00040214-00040591 and I am considered a subject matter expert in this area.
0F2jdODNpno-00095-00040591-00041156 I would like to just say that I am accompanied by Dr. Chris Weiss, who is my chief toxicologist
0F2jdODNpno-00096-00041156-00041638 in my Bethesda office, and also an expert in flame retardants.
0F2jdODNpno-00097-00041638-00041973 I'm honored to be invited to testify at today's hearing
0F2jdODNpno-00098-00041973-00042397 by the Consumer Product Safety Commission Chairman Elliott Kaye.
0F2jdODNpno-00099-00042397-00042836 Synthetic polymers, things like plastics and foams, are generally considered
0F2jdODNpno-00100-00042836-00043272 to be more flammable than natural substances, things like cellulose.
0F2jdODNpno-00101-00043272-00043692 Consequently, flame retardants have been added to many modern consumer products
0F2jdODNpno-00102-00043692-00044241 and building materials for the purpose of reducing the risk and hazard of fire.
0F2jdODNpno-00103-00044241-00044716 Flame retardants containing bromine and/or chlorine have often been preferred
0F2jdODNpno-00104-00044716-00045206 for specific applications due to their efficiency and thermal stability.
0F2jdODNpno-00105-00045206-00045816 Halogens, particularly bromine, interfere with fire chemistry by forming radical species
0F2jdODNpno-00106-00045816-00046222 that compete with propagation of the combustion cycle.
0F2jdODNpno-00107-00046222-00046946 As a consequence of use, many halogenated flame retardants are now found in the environment
0F2jdODNpno-00108-00046946-00047400 and have been detected in wildlife and humans.
0F2jdODNpno-00109-00047400-00048010 They have the ability to accumulate in biological fluids and tissues and toxicological
0F2jdODNpno-00110-00048010-00048606 and epidemiological evaluations indicate that they are human toxicants.
0F2jdODNpno-00111-00048606-00049169 Included among the flame retardants that may be human toxicants are the polybrominated di-phenyl
0F2jdODNpno-00112-00049169-00049414 ethers or PBDEs.
0F2jdODNpno-00113-00049414-00050092 As a flame retardant, PBDEs are mixed into products without being chemically bonded
0F2jdODNpno-00114-00050092-00050388 or reacted to the matrix of the products.
0F2jdODNpno-00115-00050388-00050801 Such additive flame retardants have much greater potential to leach
0F2jdODNpno-00116-00050801-00051169 into the environment than reactive flame retardants.
0F2jdODNpno-00117-00051169-00051429 Once in the environment, they are more likely
0F2jdODNpno-00118-00051429-00051862 to present exposure concerns for humans and wildlife.
0F2jdODNpno-00119-00051862-00052384 PBDEs are present in household and office dust, are absorbed following exposure
0F2jdODNpno-00120-00052384-00052658 and accumulate in human fluids and tissues.
0F2jdODNpno-00121-00052658-00053104 Toxicity in rodent models include effects on endocrine disruption,
0F2jdODNpno-00122-00053104-00053809 such as thyroid hormone homeostasis, modulation of estrogen and androgen signaling,
0F2jdODNpno-00123-00053809-00054539 effects on obesity and diabetes, altered fertility, and neurotoxicity.
0F2jdODNpno-00124-00054539-00055210 Epidemiology studies have documented many of these same effects in humans.
0F2jdODNpno-00125-00055210-00055765 Fetuses, nursing infants, and young children may be at highest risk due
0F2jdODNpno-00126-00055765-00055949 to critical developmental windows
0F2jdODNpno-00127-00055949-00056547 of susceptibility and/or the potential for greater exposures.
0F2jdODNpno-00128-00056547-00056934 Now there are 209 possible congeners of PBDEs
0F2jdODNpno-00129-00056934-00057287 and three different molecular weight formulations have been used
0F2jdODNpno-00130-00057287-00057571 as commercial flame retardant products.
0F2jdODNpno-00131-00057571-00058278 Two of the commercial mixtures have been shown to be carcinogenic in both rats and mice.
0F2jdODNpno-00132-00058278-00058802 The extent of absorption, the internal dose, and the toxicity are largely determined
0F2jdODNpno-00133-00058802-00059337 by congener differences in bromine number and substitution patterns.
0F2jdODNpno-00134-00059337-00059675 Congeners of the lowest molecular weight mixture used largely
0F2jdODNpno-00135-00059675-00060321 in polyurethane foam are readily absorbed and are prevalent in human tissue and fluids.
0F2jdODNpno-00136-00060321-00060912 The major congener of the highest molecular weight mixture used primarily in heavy textiles
0F2jdODNpno-00137-00060912-00061412 and heavy plastic casings for electronic equipment is poorly absorbed
0F2jdODNpno-00138-00061412-00061679 but persists in the environment.
0F2jdODNpno-00139-00061679-00062341 Concern over persistence and toxicity has led to removal of all PBDE commercial formulations
0F2jdODNpno-00140-00062341-00062979 from production in the U.S. and bans in Canada, Europe, and Japan.
0F2jdODNpno-00141-00062979-00063341 The lower molecular weight PBDEs have been listed for elimination
0F2jdODNpno-00142-00063341-00063701 under the Stockholm Convention of Persistent Organic Pollutants
0F2jdODNpno-00143-00063701-00064120 and DECA BDE is currently proposed for listing, as well.
0F2jdODNpno-00144-00064120-00064601 Another high-volume brominated flame retardant also listed for elimination
0F2jdODNpno-00145-00064601-00065208 under this international treaty is Hexabromocyclododecane or HBCD.
0F2jdODNpno-00146-00065208-00065737 HBCD is also a persistent and additive flame retardant and is found
0F2jdODNpno-00147-00065737-00066171 in the environment, in wildlife, and in people.
0F2jdODNpno-00148-00066171-00066618 Mechanistic and animal studies have indicated it is an endocrine disruptor.
0F2jdODNpno-00149-00066618-00067232 It is toxic to the liver and causes adverse neuro-developmental effects.
0F2jdODNpno-00150-00067232-00067923 Tetrabrombisphenol-A or TBBPA is an example of a halogenated flame retardant
0F2jdODNpno-00151-00067923-00068510 with a biological fate that is different from that of HBCD and PBDEs.
0F2jdODNpno-00152-00068510-00069149 TBBPA is a reactive high-production volume chemical bonded to resins of circuit boards.
0F2jdODNpno-00153-00069149-00069575 An advantage of this reactive application is that there's low potential
0F2jdODNpno-00154-00069575-00069980 for TBBPA to leach into the environment.
0F2jdODNpno-00155-00069980-00070685 Although readily absorbed following exposure, TBBPA is rapidly conjugated and excreted,
0F2jdODNpno-00156-00070685-00071318 resulting in low bioavailability and little potential to accumulate in tissues.
0F2jdODNpno-00157-00071318-00071997 However, recently, the use of TBBPA in an additive mode has increased.
0F2jdODNpno-00158-00071997-00072448 Current research is assessing where there may be adverse effects due to greater levels
0F2jdODNpno-00159-00072448-00072760 of exposure for both humans and wildlife.
0F2jdODNpno-00160-00072760-00073592 Continuous exposures and epidemiological studies detecting TBBPA in human serum and breast milk
0F2jdODNpno-00161-00073592-00073899 in the United States, Europe, and Asia, have been conducted.
0F2jdODNpno-00162-00073899-00074215 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Dr. Birnbaum, I'm just going to let you know that we've moved into my time
0F2jdODNpno-00163-00074215-00074547 for questioning but I'm going to yield that time, if you'd please continue testifying.
0F2jdODNpno-00164-00074547-00074894 DR. BIRNBAUM: Thank you, Commissioner.
0F2jdODNpno-00165-00074894-00075467 Okay. So thus far, animal studies have shown it to be a carcinogen in rats and mice
0F2jdODNpno-00166-00075467-00075683 and to cause endocrine disruption.
0F2jdODNpno-00167-00075683-00076101 Studies are underway to assess the potential for TBBPA
0F2jdODNpno-00168-00076101-00076547 to cause developmental effects in rats at low doses.
0F2jdODNpno-00169-00076547-00077091 This work will lead to a better understanding of the health risks of TBBPA to humans.
0F2jdODNpno-00170-00077091-00077494 Some brominated and chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants have been known
0F2jdODNpno-00171-00077494-00077807 for over 30 years to be animal carcinogens.
0F2jdODNpno-00172-00077807-00078348 Recent studies have shown that some of these are also developmental neurotoxicants.
0F2jdODNpno-00173-00078348-00079146 Alternate halogenated flame retardants include a TBBPA derivative, TBBPA-DBPE,
0F2jdODNpno-00174-00079146-00080062 Tetrabromobenzoate, TBB, Tetrabromophthalate, TBPH, and Decabromodiphenyl ethane or DBDPE.
0F2jdODNpno-00175-00080062-00080674 TBB and TBPH are often used in a commercial mixture, Firemaster 550,
0F2jdODNpno-00176-00080674-00080958 which is used as an additive flame retardant.
0F2jdODNpno-00177-00080958-00081445 A small study in animals has demonstrated endocrine disruption and neural behavior impacts
0F2jdODNpno-00178-00081445-00081812 of developmental exposure to Firemaster 550.
0F2jdODNpno-00179-00081812-00082251 Both TBB and TBPH have been found in house dust and a metabolite
0F2jdODNpno-00180-00082251-00082603 of TBB has been found in human urine.
0F2jdODNpno-00181-00082603-00083327 TBBPA-DBPE, TBPH, and DBDPE, which are environmentally persistent and found
0F2jdODNpno-00182-00083327-00083979 in wildlife, are poorly absorbed and persistent, whereas TBB is well absorbed,
0F2jdODNpno-00183-00083979-00084261 rapidly metabolized and eliminated.
0F2jdODNpno-00184-00084261-00084733 Toxicological studies are underway to characterize the risk of exposure for these
0F2jdODNpno-00185-00084733-00085016 and other novel halogenated flame retardants.
0F2jdODNpno-00186-00085016-00085502 In conclusion, the halogenated flame retardants for which there's data have been shown
0F2jdODNpno-00187-00085502-00086014 to be environmentally and/or biologically persistent and toxic in animals.
0F2jdODNpno-00188-00086014-00086407 Many have also been shown to have impacts on human populations.
0F2jdODNpno-00189-00086407-00086911 When used in an additive mode over time, they leach into the environment
0F2jdODNpno-00190-00086911-00087217 and they have been detected in people.
0F2jdODNpno-00191-00087217-00087639 Use in a reactive mode or in polymers reduces the opportunity
0F2jdODNpno-00192-00087639-00087988 for exposure and hence reduces risk.
0F2jdODNpno-00193-00087988-00088326 Thank you for the opportunity to comment and I'm happy to answer questions.
0F2jdODNpno-00194-00088326-00088550 PANEL 1 QUESTIONS CHAIRMAN KAYE: Thank you, Dr. Birnbaum.
0F2jdODNpno-00195-00088550-00088776 Reclaiming my time, and, Mr. Stevenson, how much time?
0F2jdODNpno-00196-00088776-00088842 I have three minutes?
0F2jdODNpno-00197-00088842-00088910 Great. Thank you.
0F2jdODNpno-00198-00088910-00088994 I'll try to be very quick.
0F2jdODNpno-00199-00088994-00089407 So I'm going to ask two questions and I'm going to ask them together so that you can
0F2jdODNpno-00200-00089407-00089597 at least have the benefit of knowing what they are
0F2jdODNpno-00201-00089597-00089873 and then you can answer them with the remaining time, please.
0F2jdODNpno-00202-00089873-00090528 The first one is the high throughput screening that you all are doing as part of Tox-21,
0F2jdODNpno-00203-00090528-00090816 has that included the organohalogen flame retardants?
0F2jdODNpno-00204-00090816-00091548 DR. BIRNBAUM: Yes, some of the Tox-21 efforts have looked at a number of the PBDEs, of TBBPA,
0F2jdODNpno-00205-00091548-00091988 of HPCD, and some of the others, as well.
0F2jdODNpno-00206-00091988-00092339 In addition, some of the halogenated organophosphates have also been looked
0F2jdODNpno-00207-00092339-00092559 at in the rapid high throughput screening.
0F2jdODNpno-00208-00092559-00092657 CHAIRMAN KAYE: And what has that shown so far?
0F2jdODNpno-00209-00092657-00092992 DR. BIRNBAUM: They have shown that they have high levels of biological activity.
0F2jdODNpno-00210-00092992-00093187 CHAIRMAN KAYE: And is that data publicly available?
0F2jdODNpno-00211-00093187-00093330 DR. BIRNBAUM: That data is available.
0F2jdODNpno-00212-00093330-00093372 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Okay.
0F2jdODNpno-00213-00093372-00093397 Thank you.
0F2jdODNpno-00214-00093397-00093791 And the second question is to my earlier public policy point.
0F2jdODNpno-00215-00093791-00094251 If the Commission goes ahead and acts as the Petitioners request or acts in some way,
0F2jdODNpno-00216-00094251-00094555 how will we know that we're actually making people safer?
0F2jdODNpno-00217-00094555-00095056 DR. BIRNBAUM: I think one of the questions that always needs to be asked
0F2jdODNpno-00218-00095056-00095554 when you use chemicals is do we need them?
0F2jdODNpno-00219-00095554-00095817 Are they really providing a safety benefit?
0F2jdODNpno-00220-00095817-00096170 I think that's the question that needs to be asked specifically with the use
0F2jdODNpno-00221-00096170-00096387 of many of these flame retardants.
0F2jdODNpno-00222-00096387-00096950 The data is not strong, which indicate that they actually provide fire safety
0F2jdODNpno-00223-00096950-00097368 at the concentrations with which they have been used in the products.
0F2jdODNpno-00224-00097368-00098094 So I think that removing some of the chemicals from use, which has already been done
0F2jdODNpno-00225-00098094-00098662 with the PBDEs, although we have a tremendous legacy, people would talk about toxic couches
0F2jdODNpno-00226-00098662-00099151 and carpet padding and so on, what do we do with that, but removing other chemicals,
0F2jdODNpno-00227-00099151-00099591 unless we really have strong evidence that they provide fire safety,
0F2jdODNpno-00228-00099591-00099804 there really may not be a need for them.
0F2jdODNpno-00229-00099804-00099994 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Great.
0F2jdODNpno-00230-00099994-00100084 Thank you very much.
0F2jdODNpno-00231-00100084-00100261 With my time expiring, Commissioner Adler?
0F2jdODNpno-00232-00100261-00100598 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Thank you very much and welcome, Dr. Birnbaum.
0F2jdODNpno-00233-00100598-00100969 It's a pleasure and an honor to have you at the Commission's hearing.
0F2jdODNpno-00234-00100969-00101537 In your testimony, you walked through individual organohalogen chemical
0F2jdODNpno-00235-00101537-00102320 by individual organohalogen chemical and we have been advised by some industry folks
0F2jdODNpno-00236-00102320-00102821 that we should proceed chemical by chemical in addressing organohalogens.
0F2jdODNpno-00237-00102821-00103331 The Petition asks us to do something in the alternate, which is to look at organohalogens
0F2jdODNpno-00238-00103331-00103779 that are non-polymeric additives as flame retardants as a class.
0F2jdODNpno-00239-00103779-00104025 Do you have any observation one way or the other
0F2jdODNpno-00240-00104025-00104303 about how we should proceed, assuming we were to proceed?
0F2jdODNpno-00242-00108427-00108856 COMMISSIONER ADLER: So you're the head of a sister agency and you're also the Director
0F2jdODNpno-00243-00108856-00109034 of the National Toxicology Program.
0F2jdODNpno-00244-00109034-00109368 You get to look at thousands and thousands of chemicals
0F2jdODNpno-00245-00109368-00109608 or at least you have the potential to look at them.
0F2jdODNpno-00246-00109608-00110139 We have arguably thousands of chemicals under our jurisdiction and so as a tiny agency,
0F2jdODNpno-00247-00110139-00110705 we have to prioritize, and so I guess my question would be of the thousands of chemicals
0F2jdODNpno-00248-00110705-00111158 out there, would you consider these organohalogens to be something
0F2jdODNpno-00249-00111158-00111402 that should be worthy of a tiny agency
0F2jdODNpno-00250-00111402-00111761 with scarce resources addressing as a priority concern?
0F2jdODNpno-00251-00111761-00111963 DR. BIRNBAUM: Yes.
0F2jdODNpno-00252-00111963-00112159 COMMISSIONER ADLER: No further questions at this moment.
0F2jdODNpno-00253-00112159-00112209 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Thank you.
0F2jdODNpno-00254-00112209-00112286 Commissioner Robinson?
0F2jdODNpno-00255-00112286-00112570 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Thank you so much, Dr. Birnbaum, for coming today,
0F2jdODNpno-00256-00112570-00112801 and Dr. Weiss for accompanying Dr. Birnbaum.
0F2jdODNpno-00257-00112801-00113198 I am going to follow up on Commissioner Adler's question and I'm going
0F2jdODNpno-00258-00113198-00113649 to do it the same way he did since we only have five minutes and that is ask you three questions
0F2jdODNpno-00259-00113649-00113886 and then you figure out how to sort it out.
0F2jdODNpno-00260-00113886-00114366 But in terms of grouping, because we're being asked not only to ban a group but,
0F2jdODNpno-00261-00114366-00114917 going forward, to ban things that haven't even been created that would fall into this class
0F2jdODNpno-00262-00114917-00115293 of product, and so my first question is,
0F2jdODNpno-00263-00115293-00115848 I know that a lot of institutions have accepted the fact that grouping is appropriate
0F2jdODNpno-00264-00115848-00116275 for regulatory purposes, as long as you have the structural similarities that are needed,
0F2jdODNpno-00265-00116275-00117075 but my understanding is that if there are structural differences within a grouping
0F2jdODNpno-00266-00117075-00117602 that would result in a different endpoint, that that's something that we need to know about.
0F2jdODNpno-00267-00117602-00118005 So I'm interested in your comments as to whether you would expect there
0F2jdODNpno-00268-00118005-00118381 to be any structural differences in chemicals that fall
0F2jdODNpno-00269-00118381-00118985 within this non-polymeric additive organohalogen flame retardants group
0F2jdODNpno-00270-00118985-00119198 that would perhaps have a different endpoint.
0F2jdODNpno-00271-00119198-00119546 I was particularly interested in the written testimony that you submitted because you said
0F2jdODNpno-00272-00119546-00120103 that TBB, to quote you, "is well absorbed, rapidly metabolized and eliminated."
0F2jdODNpno-00273-00120103-00120522 So it seems to be different than some of the other chemicals in that group.
0F2jdODNpno-00274-00120522-00120709 So I'm just interested in your comments on that.
0F2jdODNpno-00275-00120709-00121053 DR. BIRNBAUM: So structural differences can be associated
0F2jdODNpno-00276-00121053-00121470 with different health or environmental impacts.
0F2jdODNpno-00277-00121470-00121785 However, that doesn't mean they don't have impacts.
0F2jdODNpno-00278-00121785-00122475 The flame retardants, as a class, are impacting many, many -- thank you --
0F2jdODNpno-00279-00122475-00123079 many, many different health systems and health impacts and I think our greatest concern today,
0F2jdODNpno-00280-00123079-00123408 more so even than the cancer, which has been shown for the flame retardants
0F2jdODNpno-00281-00123408-00123782 that have been tested, both some of the halogenated organophosphates,
0F2jdODNpno-00282-00123782-00124229 which are very structural different than, for example, the PBDEs, but they've all been shown
0F2jdODNpno-00283-00124229-00124604 to be carcinogenic in animal studies, but I think a lot of our concern is
0F2jdODNpno-00284-00124604-00125129 for the developmental impacts, and what we are finding is that whether there's some
0F2jdODNpno-00285-00125129-00125603 of the halogenated organophosphates, whether they're the rapidly-eliminated
0F2jdODNpno-00286-00125603-00126366 or the persistent halogenated organic compounds, what we're finding is that they cause a spectrum
0F2jdODNpno-00287-00126366-00126835 of adverse developmental effects affecting the developing neurological system,
0F2jdODNpno-00288-00126835-00127255 affecting the endocrine system, affecting the reproductive system, and are associated
0F2jdODNpno-00289-00127255-00127610 with persistent long-term effects in the next generation.
0F2jdODNpno-00290-00127610-00128191 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: And so in your opinion as one of the experts in the flame retardant field,
0F2jdODNpno-00291-00128191-00128522 would it be appropriate to group this group
0F2jdODNpno-00292-00128522-00129254 of non-polymeric additive organohalogen flame retardants into one group in terms
0F2jdODNpno-00293-00129254-00129511 of this Commission making a determination about a ban?
0F2jdODNpno-00294-00129511-00129755 DR. BIRNBAUM: I think it is appropriate.
0F2jdODNpno-00295-00129755-00129878 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Okay.
0F2jdODNpno-00296-00129878-00130295 You've been quoted as saying that when you first looked at this Petition,
0F2jdODNpno-00297-00130295-00130664 that there was no way -- you thought that there was no way of condemning an entire class
0F2jdODNpno-00298-00130664-00131084 of chemicals but then you said that after taking a closer look at the science,
0F2jdODNpno-00299-00131084-00131443 that you thought the Petitioners were "onto something" to use your words.
0F2jdODNpno-00300-00131443-00131552 Could you just explain that to us?
0F2jdODNpno-00301-00131552-00131878 DR. BIRNBAUM: I think it's not only taking a closer look at the science,
0F2jdODNpno-00302-00131878-00132224 I think it's really taking a closer look at what the Petitioner's proposing,
0F2jdODNpno-00303-00132224-00132577 which is not to ban all halogenated flame retardants.
0F2jdODNpno-00304-00132577-00133234 It's to ban them in specific classes of products and it's also to ban those that are additive,
0F2jdODNpno-00305-00133234-00133824 not to ban those that are in polymeric form, and the advantage of the polymeric compounds is
0F2jdODNpno-00306-00133824-00134354 that they have much less potential to escape into the environment
0F2jdODNpno-00307-00134354-00134749 and therefore to expose wildlife and people.
0F2jdODNpno-00308-00134749-00135232 We know that for all the compounds that are used in an additive mode, they do get to us.
0F2jdODNpno-00309-00135232-00135502 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Thank you very much.
0F2jdODNpno-00310-00135502-00135637 I have nothing further.
0F2jdODNpno-00311-00135637-00135789 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Thank you, Commissioner Robinson.
0F2jdODNpno-00312-00135789-00135867 Commissioner Buerkle?
0F2jdODNpno-00313-00135867-00136280 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and let me begin by saying thank you
0F2jdODNpno-00314-00136280-00136610 to Dr. Birnbaum and Dr. Weiss for being here this morning
0F2jdODNpno-00315-00136610-00136771 and providing your expert testimony.
0F2jdODNpno-00316-00136771-00136940 We really do appreciate it.
0F2jdODNpno-00317-00136940-00137229 I just want to follow up on my two colleagues, Commissioner Adler
0F2jdODNpno-00318-00137229-00137456 and Commissioner Robinson's questions.
0F2jdODNpno-00319-00137456-00137822 So Commissioner Adler asked about whether or not it would make sense
0F2jdODNpno-00320-00137822-00138349 to prioritize among all of the chemicals.
0F2jdODNpno-00321-00138349-00138466 I think I have that right.
0F2jdODNpno-00322-00138466-00139000 But specifically in this group of chemicals that we're being asked to consider now a ban
0F2jdODNpno-00323-00139000-00139491 on because, to your words, the reality of what --
0F2jdODNpno-00324-00139491-00139943 our resources are limited and it's very expensive and it takes a lot of time.
0F2jdODNpno-00325-00139943-00140602 So if we had to prioritize within this group of chemicals that we're being asked to ban,
0F2jdODNpno-00326-00140602-00140912 could you suggest an order for us?
0F2jdODNpno-00327-00141211-00141661 DR. BIRNBAUM: Commissioner, that's a very difficult question because some
0F2jdODNpno-00328-00141661-00142194 of the different types of organohalogen flame retardants do very different things
0F2jdODNpno-00329-00142194-00142883 and I don't think that I am the appropriate person to say whether I would weigh cancer
0F2jdODNpno-00330-00142883-00143256 or developmental neurological effects one over the other.
0F2jdODNpno-00331-00143256-00143673 We know that the organophosphates, which have been shown to be carcinogens,
0F2jdODNpno-00332-00143673-00144081 are also now being shown to be developmental neurotoxicants.
0F2jdODNpno-00333-00144081-00144643 WE know that some of the halogenated, the persistent chemicals, are shown not only
0F2jdODNpno-00334-00144643-00145182 to be carcinogens but are shown to be associated with the increase in diabetes and obesity
0F2jdODNpno-00335-00145182-00145530 in offspring and we've shown that they're developmental neurotoxicants.
0F2jdODNpno-00336-00145530-00146179 So I think that I would have difficulty saying which of these are --
0F2jdODNpno-00337-00146179-00146622 which of the very large members of the existing class or the potentially
0F2jdODNpno-00338-00146622-00147417 to be synthesized class are worse than the others but I would suggest that essentially all
0F2jdODNpno-00339-00147417-00147932 of them will have the potential to cause adverse effects, some kind of adverse effects.
0F2jdODNpno-00340-00147932-00148122 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Thank you very much.
0F2jdODNpno-00341-00148122-00148283 I don't have any more questions, Mr. Chairman.
0F2jdODNpno-00342-00148283-00148399 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Thank you, Commissioner Buerkle.
0F2jdODNpno-00343-00148399-00148479 Commissioner Mohorovic?
0F2jdODNpno-00344-00148479-00148611 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
0F2jdODNpno-00345-00148611-00148782 We're moving along very quickly, Mr. Chairman.
0F2jdODNpno-00346-00148782-00149111 I'm going to attempt to answer a question that you posed, if you don't mind,
0F2jdODNpno-00347-00149111-00149302 although I recognize it wasn't to me.
0F2jdODNpno-00348-00149302-00149640 You asked the panelists if we did move forward with a rulemaking,
0F2jdODNpno-00349-00149640-00150072 how would we really understand if we were successful and I would offer this
0F2jdODNpno-00350-00150072-00150383 as a solution by virtue of policy.
0F2jdODNpno-00351-00150383-00150651 In our midyear review, we as a Commission unanimously committed
0F2jdODNpno-00352-00150651-00150940 to retrospective review in prospective rulemaking.
0F2jdODNpno-00353-00150940-00151316 So I would have confidence that if we did move forward in a rule,
0F2jdODNpno-00354-00151316-00151739 we would embed in there the kind of retrospective review to look back
0F2jdODNpno-00355-00151739-00152122 on our activity to determine whether or not we were in fact successful.
0F2jdODNpno-00356-00152122-00152309 So I'd just offer that.
0F2jdODNpno-00357-00152309-00152645 Thank you, Dr. Weiss, Dr. Birnbaum, for participating today.
0F2jdODNpno-00358-00152645-00152804 I have two questions.
0F2jdODNpno-00359-00152804-00152969 I hope I have time to get to them.
0F2jdODNpno-00360-00152969-00153434 First is on a particular chemical, Hexobromocyclododecane.
0F2jdODNpno-00361-00153434-00153662 So you referenced it in your testimony.
0F2jdODNpno-00362-00153662-00154043 Chairman, are you impressed that I was able to say that without stumbling?
0F2jdODNpno-00363-00154043-00154087 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Yes.
0F2jdODNpno-00364-00154087-00154471 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: There were two government studies, Dr. Birnbaum and Dr. Weiss,
0F2jdODNpno-00365-00154471-00155046 that looked at flame retardants pursuant to a CPSC open rulemaking on upholstered furniture.
0F2jdODNpno-00366-00155046-00155562 The first one was an NASNRC study in 2000.
0F2jdODNpno-00367-00155562-00155687 You're nodding your head.
0F2jdODNpno-00368-00155687-00155842 That answers my first question.
0F2jdODNpno-00369-00155842-00156057 Are you familiar with the study?
0F2jdODNpno-00370-00156057-00156398 And, you know, so the quote here that, after looking at that, is "despite a lack
0F2jdODNpno-00371-00156398-00157033 of a complete database, the subcommittee concluded that the following FRs can be used
0F2jdODNpno-00372-00157033-00157415 on residential furniture with minimal risk, even under worse case assumption"
0F2jdODNpno-00373-00157415-00157715 and Hexobromocyclododecane was listed there.
0F2jdODNpno-00374-00157715-00158248 And then in 2001, there was a CPSC study that looked at flame retardants
0F2jdODNpno-00375-00158248-00158878 for upholstered furniture again and the quote was that of the four and HBCD was listed
0F2jdODNpno-00376-00158878-00159308 "would clearly not be considered hazardous to consumers as defined under the FHSA."
0F2jdODNpno-00377-00159308-00159539 So that's pretty specific look.
0F2jdODNpno-00378-00159539-00160101 The questions that I have for both panelists is did either of you participate in the study and,
0F2jdODNpno-00379-00160101-00160568 if so, if you're recommending us to ban or move on HBCD,
0F2jdODNpno-00380-00160568-00160952 how's the science chanced to yield a different decision?
0F2jdODNpno-00381-00160952-00161318 DR. BIRNBAUM: I'll take that because that study was done by someone who worked
0F2jdODNpno-00382-00161318-00161562 in my division when I was at U.S. EPA.
0F2jdODNpno-00383-00161562-00162123 Mike Hughes was the prime author on that and it was done with collaborators here at CPSC
0F2jdODNpno-00384-00162123-00162714 and what that was done was a study where they looked at the dermal absorption and I'm trying
0F2jdODNpno-00385-00162714-00163446 to remember, this is 15 years ago, whether it was -- I know it was in vitro using --
0F2jdODNpno-00386-00163446-00163705 and also maybe that we did rat studies in vivo.
0F2jdODNpno-00387-00163705-00163837 I'm trying to remember -- COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Okay.
0F2jdODNpno-00388-00163837-00163910 DR. BIRNBAUM: -- exactly.
0F2jdODNpno-00389-00163910-00164196 The point was, is that, these are very big chemicals that are going
0F2jdODNpno-00390-00164196-00164659 to be very poorly absorbed by the skin and that was the question that was asked.
0F2jdODNpno-00391-00164659-00164845 Are they going to be absorbed through the skin?
0F2jdODNpno-00392-00164845-00165517 The question was not asked, are they going to escape from the fabrics into the environment
0F2jdODNpno-00393-00165517-00165914 and then be able to be absorbed orally or by inhalation?
0F2jdODNpno-00394-00165914-00166043 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you.
0F2jdODNpno-00395-00166043-00166485 DR. BIRNBAUM: And I think that's been a tremendous growth in our understanding
0F2jdODNpno-00396-00166485-00166957 about things that exposures are not always what you think they might be,
0F2jdODNpno-00397-00166957-00167378 that sitting on the cushion is not the problem that it's going to come through your clothes,
0F2jdODNpno-00398-00167378-00167955 but that in fact by sitting on the cushion, you may be expressing it into the dust
0F2jdODNpno-00399-00167955-00168186 and from hence it will get into your body by a different route.
0F2jdODNpno-00400-00168186-00168499 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you very, very much for that explanation.
0F2jdODNpno-00401-00168499-00168865 And one other question on another specific chemical you referenced
0F2jdODNpno-00402-00168865-00169143 in your testimony on TBBPA.
0F2jdODNpno-00403-00169143-00169568 Specifically a different -- somebody who'll be testifying later today
0F2jdODNpno-00404-00169568-00170227 in their testimony suggested that TBBPA wouldn't be under the scope of the Petition by virtue
0F2jdODNpno-00405-00170227-00170810 of its inclusion or incorporation used in motherboards or that part of the electronics
0F2jdODNpno-00406-00170810-00171107 and therefore wouldn't be in the external casings.
0F2jdODNpno-00407-00171107-00171658 However, my question is the following in terms of the movement of the industry with TBBPA.
0F2jdODNpno-00408-00171658-00172333 Could TBBPA be used as an additive, as a substitute for casings
0F2jdODNpno-00409-00172333-00172756 which would therefore put it under scope if its use changes by virtue
0F2jdODNpno-00410-00172756-00172911 of the way the Petition is written?
0F2jdODNpno-00411-00172911-00173521 DR. BIRNBAUM: So my understanding is that TBBPA's use has increased in an additive mode
0F2jdODNpno-00412-00173521-00174157 since the reduced use and then the ban on the DECA BDE which has been used
0F2jdODNpno-00413-00174157-00174592 in heavy plastic casings and especially in heavy fabrics,
0F2jdODNpno-00414-00174592-00174847 so that the use has increased in an additive mode.
0F2jdODNpno-00415-00174847-00175334 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Beyond what was stated or what's known right now in its general use
0F2jdODNpno-00416-00175334-00175739 in -- would it be electronic motherboards or the interior of componentry?
0F2jdODNpno-00417-00175739-00175811 DR. BIRNBAUM: Correct.
0F2jdODNpno-00418-00175811-00175999 That it uses -- that there has been a shift.
0F2jdODNpno-00419-00175999-00176462 For many, many years, TBBPA, which is the largest brominated flame retardant --
0F2jdODNpno-00420-00176462-00177188 largest brominated flame retardant was used in 90:10 percent ratios of reactive to additive
0F2jdODNpno-00421-00177188-00177824 and that additive percentage is increasing is my understanding, so, and the more that it's used
0F2jdODNpno-00422-00177824-00178089 in additive, the more opportunity there will be for human exposure.
0F2jdODNpno-00423-00178089-00178207 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you very much.
0F2jdODNpno-00424-00178207-00178355 Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
0F2jdODNpno-00425-00178355-00178533 CHAIRMAN KAYE: Thank you, Commissioner Mohorovic.
0F2jdODNpno-00426-00178533-00178903 This will end this round and I want to thank again Dr. Birnbaum for your testimony
0F2jdODNpno-00427-00178903-00179046 and Dr. Weiss for your appearance.
0F2jdODNpno-00428-00179046-00179428 I promise the both of you, you should not take us ending now
0F2jdODNpno-00429-00179428-00179675 as indicative of a lack of more questions.
0F2jdODNpno-00430-00179675-00179972 We could probably spend hours with just the two of you here
0F2jdODNpno-00431-00179972-00180173 and that will probably be the case with all the panels.
0F2jdODNpno-00432-00180173-00180299 We're now going to move on to Panel 2.
0F2jdODNpno-00433-00180299-00180459 Thank you again.
0F2jdODNpno-00434-00180801-00181403 PANEL 2 COMMISSIONER ADLER: As you've noticed, Chairman Kaye has departed.
0F2jdODNpno-00435-00181403-00181578 The one thing he didn't say was
0F2jdODNpno-00436-00181578-00182267 that he sustained the injury during a Thanksgiving Day neighborhood football game
0F2jdODNpno-00437-00182267-00182550 and his team won.
0F2jdODNpno-00438-00182550-00183267 So I said is that after you left or before you left but he insisted that it was before.
0F2jdODNpno-00439-00183267-00183587 He was there through the last bitter moments.
0F2jdODNpno-00440-00183587-00183958 Again, just begging your indulgence, if you could please stick
0F2jdODNpno-00441-00183958-00184507 within the five-minute period, and the panelists now are Mr. William Wallace
0F2jdODNpno-00442-00184507-00185466 from Consumers Union, Eve Gartner from Earthjustice, Dr. Simona Balan, Dr. Arlene Blum,
0F2jdODNpno-00443-00185466-00185857 and Dr. Miriam Diamond, both of whom are on here by the phone, and,
0F2jdODNpno-00444-00185857-00186125 Mr. Wallace, if you want to begin.
0F2jdODNpno-00445-00186125-00186600 MR. WALLACE: Thank you, Commissioner Adler, and the entire Commission.
0F2jdODNpno-00446-00186600-00187050 On behalf of Consumers Union, the Public Policy and Advocacy arm of Consumer Reports,
0F2jdODNpno-00447-00187050-00187517 thanks for the opportunity to present to the Commission on Requesting Rulemaking
0F2jdODNpno-00448-00187517-00187751 on Certain Flame Retardant Chemicals.
0F2jdODNpno-00449-00187751-00188123 Consumers Union joined Earthjustice and the Consumer Federation of America as well
0F2jdODNpno-00450-00188123-00188568 as nine other co-Petitioners in filing this Petition earlier this year.
0F2jdODNpno-00451-00188568-00189049 American consumers are widely exposed from products in their homes that could pose --
0F2jdODNpno-00452-00189049-00189491 to potentially toxic flame retardant chemicals that could pose serious health risks
0F2jdODNpno-00453-00189491-00189810 and may not actually provide significantly better fire protection
0F2jdODNpno-00454-00189810-00190143 than other available technologies without these chemicals.
0F2jdODNpno-00455-00190143-00190537 Current regulation does not adequately address the health hazards of these chemicals
0F2jdODNpno-00456-00190537-00190967 and CPSC has the authority to protect consumers from the potential risk of harm.
0F2jdODNpno-00457-00190967-00191521 It is for these reasons that Consumers Union strongly supports the Petition before you.
0F2jdODNpno-00458-00191521-00191782 While our organization has not conducted independent testing
0F2jdODNpno-00459-00191782-00192100 on this issue, we have followed it closely.
0F2jdODNpno-00460-00192100-00192537 Consumers rightly expect the products in their homes to meet flammability standards
0F2jdODNpno-00461-00192537-00192938 but not at the expense of being exposed to potentially toxic chemicals.
0F2jdODNpno-00462-00192938-00193413 CPSC should ban the use of non-polymeric additive organohalogen flame retardants
0F2jdODNpno-00463-00193413-00193800 in children's products and other specified product categories
0F2jdODNpno-00464-00193800-00194353 under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act and encourage manufacturers to instead use barriers
0F2jdODNpno-00465-00194353-00194636 and inherently non-flammable materials.
0F2jdODNpno-00466-00194636-00194973 In support of the Petition, we plan to submit comments to the Docket
0F2jdODNpno-00467-00194973-00195164 which will include the following points.
0F2jdODNpno-00468-00195164-00195479 First, the scope of the Petition is clear.
0F2jdODNpno-00469-00195479-00196025 It covers organohalogen flame retardants in additive form and only those in additive form
0F2jdODNpno-00470-00196025-00196321 because they are not chemically bound to the products containing them
0F2jdODNpno-00471-00196321-00196923 and thus have a greater potential to migrate out of products, resulting in human exposure.
0F2jdODNpno-00472-00196923-00197409 The specific product categories covered by the Petition are those for which it demonstrates
0F2jdODNpno-00473-00197409-00197789 that the flame retardants have been intentionally added or are often present
0F2jdODNpno-00474-00197789-00198083 in a large percentage of the products.
0F2jdODNpno-00475-00198083-00198454 Second, consumers can be exposed to these chemicals for migration
0F2jdODNpno-00476-00198454-00198690 or disintegration from household products.
0F2jdODNpno-00477-00198690-00199137 Numerous studies have shown these chemicals presence in indoor air and house dust
0F2jdODNpno-00478-00199137-00199514 and it is reasonable to conclude that they can persist in the indoor environment,
0F2jdODNpno-00479-00199514-00199905 leading to chronic human exposure from household products.
0F2jdODNpno-00480-00199905-00200291 Studies by EPA and Massachusetts have both found that inhalation may account
0F2jdODNpno-00481-00200291-00200615 for a significant proportion of exposures.
0F2jdODNpno-00482-00200615-00200829 With regard to vulnerable populations,
0F2jdODNpno-00483-00200829-00201311 additional studies have found significant exposure of pregnant women to these chemicals,
0F2jdODNpno-00484-00201311-00201780 leading to exposure by fetuses and newborn infants, as well as particularly elevated levels
0F2jdODNpno-00485-00201780-00202293 of exposure by young children, likely due to their frequent hand-to-mouth behaviors.
0F2jdODNpno-00486-00202293-00202764 Third, CPSC has the authority to regulate products containing these chemicals.
0F2jdODNpno-00487-00202764-00203262 We agree with the Petition that non-polymeric additive organohalogen flame retardants meet the
0F2jdODNpno-00488-00203262-00203823 FHSA definition of toxic in that they have the capacity to produce substantial personal injury
0F2jdODNpno-00489-00203823-00204121 or illness and therefore they should be considered
0F2jdODNpno-00490-00204121-00204427 and designated as hazardous substances.
0F2jdODNpno-00491-00204427-00204773 The Petition documents significant research showing that human exposure
0F2jdODNpno-00492-00204773-00205354 to organohalogen flame retardants is associated with long-term chronic adverse health problems
0F2jdODNpno-00493-00205354-00205752 with reproductive, neurological, and carcinogenic effects.
0F2jdODNpno-00494-00205752-00205953 We furthermore agree with the Petition
0F2jdODNpno-00495-00205953-00206433 in that the covered product categories meet the definition of banned hazardous substances
0F2jdODNpno-00496-00206433-00206721 when they contain the chemicals at issue.
0F2jdODNpno-00497-00206721-00207369 We feel labeling would be inadequate to serve public health and safety
0F2jdODNpno-00498-00207369-00207750 since consumers' knowledge of the hazard is unlikely to enable them to take steps
0F2jdODNpno-00499-00207750-00208026 to sufficiently protect themselves.
0F2jdODNpno-00500-00208026-00208484 Consumers cannot reasonably be expected to successfully collect and dispose
0F2jdODNpno-00501-00208484-00208973 of the ubiquitous dust in their homes that is contaminated with the specified flame retardants
0F2jdODNpno-00502-00208973-00209323 that can have long-term adverse effects on their health.
0F2jdODNpno-00503-00209323-00209690 Fourth, it is appropriate for the Commission to make this a priority.
0F2jdODNpno-00504-00209690-00210276 The hazard from the specified flame retardants meets many, if not all, of the requirements
0F2jdODNpno-00505-00210276-00210525 to be a CPSC priority for action.
0F2jdODNpno-00506-00210525-00210998 The probability of exposure is high because the products are ones that most people use daily,
0F2jdODNpno-00507-00210998-00211490 such as chairs, couches, mattress pads, computers, and other electronics.
0F2jdODNpno-00508-00211490-00211855 Children, a vulnerable population, are at particular risk because they tend
0F2jdODNpno-00509-00211855-00212198 to spend more time on the floor in proximity to house dust,
0F2jdODNpno-00510-00212198-00212388 have frequent hand-to-mouth behaviors,
0F2jdODNpno-00511-00212388-00212678 and may be exposed during critical developmental periods,
0F2jdODNpno-00512-00212678-00213206 and continued use of these chemicals is likely to lead to future illness and injury.
0F2jdODNpno-00513-00213206-00213637 In addition, current regulation is inadequate, leaving consumers at risk.
0F2jdODNpno-00514-00213637-00213909 The Toxic Substances Control Act is widely considered not
0F2jdODNpno-00515-00213909-00214323 to give EPA the authority it would need to meaningfully protect the public
0F2jdODNpno-00516-00214323-00214704 and to allow chemicals on the market that are not established as safe.
0F2jdODNpno-00517-00214704-00215157 Moreover, while there are current congressional efforts to fix the law, it is impossible to know
0F2jdODNpno-00518-00215157-00215573 if a bill will pass or be effective at protecting public health.
0F2jdODNpno-00519-00215573-00216042 Action taken by CPSC to address this Petition would not duplicate existing protections
0F2jdODNpno-00520-00216042-00216215 for consumers.
0F2jdODNpno-00521-00216215-00216521 In conclusion, we urge you to grant the Petition and protect consumers
0F2jdODNpno-00522-00216521-00216684 from the documented health risks.
0F2jdODNpno-00523-00216684-00216800 Thank you for your attention.
0F2jdODNpno-00524-00216800-00217041 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Impeccable sense of timing, Mr. Wallace.
0F2jdODNpno-00525-00217041-00217311 I hope all the other witnesses will be as effective.
0F2jdODNpno-00526-00217311-00217356 Ms. Gartner?
0F2jdODNpno-00527-00217356-00217740 MS. GARTNER: Thank you, Commissioner Adler.
0F2jdODNpno-00528-00217740-00217969 I am Eve Gartner, a staff attorney at Earthjustice.
0F2jdODNpno-00529-00217969-00218417 Along with the Consumer Federation of America, I represent the Petitioners here.
0F2jdODNpno-00530-00218417-00218529 Thank you.
0F2jdODNpno-00531-00218529-00219015 I appreciate the opportunity to testify today and I also appreciate the very careful study
0F2jdODNpno-00532-00219015-00219277 that the Commission is giving to this matter.
0F2jdODNpno-00533-00219277-00219777 As you know, the Petition asks for regulations under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act
0F2jdODNpno-00534-00219777-00220323 to protect consumers from non-polymeric organohalogen flame retardants in additive form
0F2jdODNpno-00535-00220323-00220694 in four categories of consumer products.
0F2jdODNpno-00536-00220694-00221446 Under the FHSA, the legal standard that we're asking you to operate under is
0F2jdODNpno-00537-00221446-00222137 that if a substance has the capacity to produce personal injury or illness through ingestion,
0F2jdODNpno-00538-00222137-00222815 inhalation, or absorption, then the chemical or the product is toxic, and if a substance
0F2jdODNpno-00539-00222815-00223428 or product is toxic and, in addition, it may cause substantial personal injury
0F2jdODNpno-00540-00223428-00224075 or personal illness as a proximate result of customary or reasonably foreseeable use,
0F2jdODNpno-00541-00224075-00224476 then it meets the definition of a hazardous substance under the FHSA,
0F2jdODNpno-00542-00224476-00224841 and if labeling will not protect against the injury,
0F2jdODNpno-00543-00224841-00225330 as it would not here, then the CPSC must ban it.
0F2jdODNpno-00544-00225330-00225917 Dr. Birnbaum referenced PBDEs, a group of organohalogen flame retardants used
0F2jdODNpno-00545-00225917-00226286 in additive form that would be covered by this Petition.
0F2jdODNpno-00546-00226286-00226662 The PBDEs are a case study for how federal regulations
0F2jdODNpno-00547-00226662-00227177 and policies are not now protecting us from products containing chemicals
0F2jdODNpno-00548-00227177-00227450 that are well understood to be toxic.
0F2jdODNpno-00549-00227450-00227894 For decades, PBDE flame retardants were used extensively in a wide range
0F2jdODNpno-00550-00227894-00228231 of consumer products and, as Dr. Birnbaum explained,
0F2jdODNpno-00551-00228231-00228644 they present very serious human health risks and because they are persistent
0F2jdODNpno-00552-00228644-00229003 and bio-accumulative, 97 percent of people who live
0F2jdODNpno-00553-00229003-00229471 in the United States have measurable quantities of PBDEs in their blood.
0F2jdODNpno-00554-00229471-00229848 Children have the highest body burdens and children from communities
0F2jdODNpno-00555-00229848-00230142 of color have the very highest levels.
0F2jdODNpno-00556-00230142-00230742 So in the face of what was known a decade ago about the toxicity of PBDEs,
0F2jdODNpno-00557-00230742-00231194 EPA negotiated a voluntary phase-out of their domestic production,
0F2jdODNpno-00558-00231194-00231376 but there are two fundamental ways
0F2jdODNpno-00559-00231376-00231880 in which consumers are still unprotected against PBDE exposures.
0F2jdODNpno-00560-00231880-00232541 First, although PBDEs are not manufactured in the U.S., they are still being made overseas,
0F2jdODNpno-00561-00232541-00232919 yet no U.S. law or regulation prohibits the importation
0F2jdODNpno-00562-00232919-00233292 and sale of products containing any PBDE.
0F2jdODNpno-00563-00233292-00233791 Some states have banned the sale of some products containing some PBDEs
0F2jdODNpno-00564-00233791-00234119 but this scattershot approach is not sufficient.
0F2jdODNpno-00565-00234119-00234648 EPA has proposed using its significant new use rule authority to prohibit the import
0F2jdODNpno-00566-00234648-00235212 of products containing PBDEs but strong industry pushback has prevented those rules,
0F2jdODNpno-00567-00235212-00235542 the SNUR Rule, from being finalized.
0F2jdODNpno-00568-00235542-00236085 So we know from manufacturers' self-reporting that children's products containing more
0F2jdODNpno-00569-00236085-00236701 than trace amounts of DECA BDE are still being sold in this country and it's possible
0F2jdODNpno-00570-00236701-00237134 that imported furniture containing Penta BDE is still being sold, as well.
0F2jdODNpno-00571-00237134-00237444 We have no way to know for sure either way.
0F2jdODNpno-00572-00237444-00238151 The importation of products containing toxic PBDEs is a major regulatory loophole.
0F2jdODNpno-00573-00238151-00238477 Granting this Petition would fill that hole.
0F2jdODNpno-00574-00238477-00238994 Second, the voluntary phase-out of PBDE production did nothing,
0F2jdODNpno-00575-00238994-00239416 as Dr. Birnbaum referenced, did nothing to protect people in the U.S.
0F2jdODNpno-00576-00239416-00240061 from the legacy exposures, the toxic furniture and poisoned toys that people already owned
0F2jdODNpno-00577-00240061-00240640 that are still in the homes of millions of people, especially in low-income communities,
0F2jdODNpno-00578-00240640-00241142 but most people keep their sofas for decades and then pass them on to their kids.
0F2jdODNpno-00579-00241142-00241781 So we're passing on essentially just toxicity for generations.
0F2jdODNpno-00580-00241781-00242410 If CPSC were to declare products containing non-polymeric organohalogens in additive form
0F2jdODNpno-00581-00242410-00242821 to be banned hazardous substances, as we've asked for, it would have the authority
0F2jdODNpno-00582-00242821-00243232 under Section 15 of the FHSA to protect consumers
0F2jdODNpno-00583-00243232-00243553 against the PBDE-laden products in their home.
0F2jdODNpno-00584-00243553-00243827 So how do we learn from the past?
0F2jdODNpno-00585-00243827-00244559 Obviously manufacturers have replaced PBDEs with other non-polymeric halogenated flame retardants
0F2jdODNpno-00586-00244559-00244884 and the mounting evidence is that they are similarly toxic.
0F2jdODNpno-00587-00244884-00245041 That's not a huge surprise.
0F2jdODNpno-00588-00245041-00245575 It's a basic fact that chemicals with similar structures are similarly toxic.
0F2jdODNpno-00589-00245575-00246284 So all additive non-polymeric organohalogen flame retardants bear the structural similarity
0F2jdODNpno-00590-00246284-00246494 of a common functional group.
0F2jdODNpno-00591-00246494-00246977 They have shared physical, chemical, environmental fate and toxicity properties.
0F2jdODNpno-00592-00246977-00247359 They are all likely to be toxic within the meaning of the FHSA.
0F2jdODNpno-00593-00247359-00247639 They should be regulated as a class.
0F2jdODNpno-00594-00247639-00248003 We should not continue to make the mistakes we made with PBDEs.
0F2jdODNpno-00595-00248003-00248056 Thank you.
0F2jdODNpno-00596-00248056-00248267 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Thank you very much.
0F2jdODNpno-00597-00248267-00248451 Dr. Balan?
0F2jdODNpno-00598-00248581-00249117 DR. BALAN: Good morning and thank you for the opportunity to speak.
0F2jdODNpno-00599-00249117-00249201 Thank you.
0F2jdODNpno-00600-00249201-00249573 So I'm Simona Balan, a scientist with the Green Science Policy Institute.
0F2jdODNpno-00601-00249573-00250246 I am one of the co-Petitioners, and I would like to make the point today as to why it's important
0F2jdODNpno-00602-00250246-00250844 to address the entire class of organohalogen flame retardants non-polymeric in additive form,
0F2jdODNpno-00603-00250844-00251269 and I believe the example of Penta BDE really puts this into perspective.
0F2jdODNpno-00604-00251269-00251767 So in order to prevent what the CPSC estimated in 2008
0F2jdODNpno-00605-00251767-00252459 as 30 preventable small open flame furniture fire deaths, Penta BDE was added to furniture
0F2jdODNpno-00606-00252459-00253151 that ended up in 97 percent of the U.S. population, which is over 300 million people,
0F2jdODNpno-00607-00253151-00253729 and even though Penta BDE was phased out, similar organohalogen flame retardants continue
0F2jdODNpno-00608-00253729-00254187 to be used in the four product categories mentioned in the Petition.
0F2jdODNpno-00609-00254187-00254441 Next slide, please.
0F2jdODNpno-00610-00254441-00255139 And more and more scientific evidence is emerging that these chemicals share properties
0F2jdODNpno-00611-00255139-00255737 and in Dr. David Epel's, Professor Murray at Stanford University's words,
0F2jdODNpno-00612-00255737-00256060 "The properties of organohalogen flame retardants as a class can lead
0F2jdODNpno-00613-00256060-00256328 to adverse effects for human health."
0F2jdODNpno-00614-00256328-00256700 So what exactly are these properties?
0F2jdODNpno-00615-00256700-00256859 Next slide, please.
0F2jdODNpno-00616-00256859-00257382 This is also from Dr. Epel's research and his collaborators but I would like you to understand
0F2jdODNpno-00617-00257382-00257830 that organohalogens are not natural to our biochemistry.
0F2jdODNpno-00618-00257830-00258330 Our cells were not developed, while being exposed to such chemicals,
0F2jdODNpno-00619-00258330-00258686 and so they're not designed to address these chemicals.
0F2jdODNpno-00620-00258686-00259180 Our cells are actually pretty good at recognizing certain toxics or removing them
0F2jdODNpno-00621-00259180-00259929 from the cell but organohalogens make it past our defenses and they can persist
0F2jdODNpno-00622-00259929-00260382 for a long time inside the cells and they're not removed by the cell detoxifiers.
0F2jdODNpno-00623-00260382-00260926 In new research by Professor Ambro Umbden from the University of California
0F2jdODNpno-00624-00260926-00261600 at San Diego has actually found that not only are they unrecognized by the cell responses
0F2jdODNpno-00625-00261600-00261859 by they can also inhibit the cell's defenses,
0F2jdODNpno-00626-00261859-00262342 making them less able to deal with other toxicants.
0F2jdODNpno-00627-00262342-00262678 Next slide, please.
0F2jdODNpno-00628-00262678-00263130 And we are still catching up with the research on PBDEs.
0F2jdODNpno-00629-00263130-00263426 Just this year, after the Petition was submitted,
0F2jdODNpno-00630-00263426-00263915 more papers came out on the adverse health effects from PBDEs
0F2jdODNpno-00631-00263915-00264368 and understanding the mechanisms through which these adverse health effects are happening.
0F2jdODNpno-00632-00264368-00264764 For instance, late puberty in girls, increased risk of preterm births,
0F2jdODNpno-00633-00264764-00264989 impaired executive functioning in young children.
0F2jdODNpno-00634-00264989-00265545 So these are really important adverse health effects that we should consider.
0F2jdODNpno-00635-00265545-00266132 Also, another research paper has analyzed 35 brominated flame retardants that are used
0F2jdODNpno-00636-00266132-00266792 as PBDE replacements and concluded that they have similar-enough physical-chemical properties
0F2jdODNpno-00637-00266792-00267318 in terms of persistence by accumulation potential, potential for lonase transport, that,
0F2jdODNpno-00638-00267318-00267861 in the author's words, "they cannot be regarded as suitable replacements to PBDEs."
0F2jdODNpno-00639-00267861-00268032 Next slide, please.
0F2jdODNpno-00640-00268032-00268548 So we are already seeing government agencies addressing the entire class
0F2jdODNpno-00641-00268548-00268720 of organohalogen flame retardants.
0F2jdODNpno-00642-00268720-00269179 For instance, Biomonitoring in California placed the entire class of brominated
0F2jdODNpno-00643-00269179-00269610 and chlorinated organic compounds used as flame retardants on their authoritative list.
0F2jdODNpno-00644-00269610-00270020 Their Scientific Guidance Panel reviewed this class between 2008 and 2009
0F2jdODNpno-00645-00270020-00270488 and found enough risk of exposure and adverse health effects
0F2jdODNpno-00646-00270488-00271052 to warrant including this entire class, including chemicals that haven't
0F2jdODNpno-00647-00271052-00271658 yet been marketed that are still to be developed within this class.
0F2jdODNpno-00648-00271658-00271865 Next slide, please.
0F2jdODNpno-00649-00271865-00272120 So this quote from Drs.
0F2jdODNpno-00650-00272120-00272676 Needleman and Landrigan was written in 1994 but I think it's still incredibly timely,
0F2jdODNpno-00651-00272676-00273105 that "we are conducting a massive clinical toxicological trial and our children
0F2jdODNpno-00652-00273105-00273498 and our children's children are the experimental subjects."
0F2jdODNpno-00653-00273498-00274017 So it's clearly time to start ending this experimental trial
0F2jdODNpno-00654-00274017-00274373 and the CPSC does have the authority to help protect consumers
0F2jdODNpno-00655-00274373-00274757 from organohalogen flame retardants in this product category
0F2jdODNpno-00656-00274757-00275352 and we as co-Petitioners selected these four product categories because we know
0F2jdODNpno-00657-00275352-00275774 that these are the ones where consumers are most likely to be exposed
0F2jdODNpno-00658-00275774-00276095 when the organohalogen flame retardants are used in additive form
0F2jdODNpno-00659-00276095-00276600 and when they are non-polymerics, so they're easily taken up inside the cells.
0F2jdODNpno-00660-00276600-00276969 So thank you for your time and for the opportunity to provide comments
0F2jdODNpno-00661-00276969-00277185 and I'm welcome to answer any questions.
0F2jdODNpno-00662-00277185-00277335 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Thank you very much.
0F2jdODNpno-00663-00277335-00277797 We now have Dr. Arlene Blum on the telephone and Dr. Miriam Diamond.
0F2jdODNpno-00664-00277797-00278082 I'm going to call on Dr. Blum first.
0F2jdODNpno-00665-00278082-00278439 Dr. Blum, can you hear us?
0F2jdODNpno-00666-00278439-00278658 (No response.)
0F2jdODNpno-00667-00278805-00279556 COMMISSIONER ADLER: I have no idea.
0F2jdODNpno-00668-00279556-00279839 Dr. Blum, can you hear us?
0F2jdODNpno-00669-00279839-00280479 Dr. Blum? (No response.)
0F2jdODNpno-00670-00280479-00280688 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Okay.
0F2jdODNpno-00671-00280688-00280882 Well, let's see about DR. BLUM: Hi.
0F2jdODNpno-00672-00280882-00281064 I just turned my mute off.
0F2jdODNpno-00673-00281064-00281146 Okay, good.
0F2jdODNpno-00674-00281146-00281231 I'm on the phone.
0F2jdODNpno-00675-00281231-00281757 Thank you very much, and I'm Arlene Blum.
0F2jdODNpno-00676-00281757-00282093 I'm the Executive Director of the Green Science Policy Institute
0F2jdODNpno-00677-00282093-00282534 and I'm also the Visiting Scholar in Chemistry at UC Berkeley
0F2jdODNpno-00678-00282534-00283114 and I really appreciate the opportunity to speak with you remote today and I'm going to speak
0F2jdODNpno-00679-00283114-00283596 to you about the topic of regrettable substitution because that is one
0F2jdODNpno-00680-00283596-00284401 of the major reasons that it is imperative to consider the whole class
0F2jdODNpno-00681-00284401-00284944 of organohalogen flame retardants and the classic in my Slide Number 2,
0F2jdODNpno-00682-00284944-00285660 you can see on the left, the flame retardant called Decabromodiphenyl ether.
0F2jdODNpno-00683-00285660-00286391 That means 10 bromines, two phenyl rings, and an ether bond, and you can see the two rings
0F2jdODNpno-00684-00286391-00286997 with the ether bond and bromines all around and after many years, this flame retardant,
0F2jdODNpno-00685-00286997-00287714 which has been widely used in fabric back coatings and electronics and a variety of uses,
0F2jdODNpno-00686-00287714-00288390 was found to be persistent bio-accumulative and toxic and again with an EPA agreement
0F2jdODNpno-00687-00288390-00288930 but not with a regulatory approach has indeed been phased out and is not manufactured
0F2jdODNpno-00688-00288930-00289501 in the U.S. But as the sale of the ether went down,
0F2jdODNpno-00689-00289501-00290138 the replacement on the right is very similar, Decabromodiphenyl ethane,
0F2jdODNpno-00690-00290138-00290567 which has a different connection, ethane rather than the ether,
0F2jdODNpno-00691-00290567-00291092 but it turns out to be possibly more persistent and bio-accumulative
0F2jdODNpno-00692-00291092-00291514 and there's increasing results showing that it's toxic.
0F2jdODNpno-00693-00291514-00292035 So this is that regrettable substitution, sometimes called passive whack-a-mole,
0F2jdODNpno-00694-00292035-00292750 and in the next Slide Number 3, my experience with this goes back a very long time,
0F2jdODNpno-00695-00292750-00293532 nearly 40 years, to when, in 1977, I published a paper
0F2jdODNpno-00696-00293532-00293815 about flame retardants in children's pajamas.
0F2jdODNpno-00697-00293815-00294292 At that time, the main flame retardant was a chemical called brominated tris.
0F2jdODNpno-00698-00294292-00294855 It was up to 10 percent of the weight of the fabric in most children's pajamas
0F2jdODNpno-00699-00294855-00295717 in the U.S. It was found that it ended up inside the children and it was a very strong mutagen.
0F2jdODNpno-00700-00295717-00296580 We published this paper, as I said, in 1977, in January, and in the next slide, Slide 4,
0F2jdODNpno-00701-00296580-00297112 you can see that three months after we published the paper,
0F2jdODNpno-00702-00297112-00297660 the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission banned brominated tri from children's pajamas.
0F2jdODNpno-00703-00297660-00298349 So you were able to act quite rapidly in those days but when brominated tris was banned,
0F2jdODNpno-00704-00298349-00299124 the unfortunate substitute was chlorinated tris, which had similar properties and was indeed,
0F2jdODNpno-00705-00299124-00299790 with the assistance of the CPSC, removed from pajamas in 1978.
0F2jdODNpno-00706-00299790-00300451 And I have to say that since that time, which has been approaching 40 years,
0F2jdODNpno-00707-00300451-00301144 I have thought of this and have not yet seen a flame retardant, organohalogen flame retardant
0F2jdODNpno-00708-00301144-00301600 that has not, upon study, turned out to be problematic.
0F2jdODNpno-00709-00301600-00302214 So there's a long unfortunate record and as people have said, in the next slide,
0F2jdODNpno-00710-00302214-00303174 Penta BDE has a wide variety of human health effects, neurological, reproductive,
0F2jdODNpno-00711-00303174-00303852 and in the next slide, most recently, the National Toxicology Program found clear evidence
0F2jdODNpno-00712-00303852-00304729 of cancer-causing activity from Penta BDE and that means that Penta BDE couches that are
0F2jdODNpno-00713-00304729-00305165 in so many homes, particularly low-income homes, have the potential
0F2jdODNpno-00714-00305165-00305714 to cause serious health problems and since it was used in all furniture pretty much --
0F2jdODNpno-00715-00305714-00306247 we did a study of a hundred couches and found that most furniture from 1975
0F2jdODNpno-00716-00306247-00306756 to 2005 in the U.S. contained Penta BDE.
0F2jdODNpno-00717-00306756-00307113 So there's a very long-term and serious problem.
0F2jdODNpno-00718-00307113-00307928 But in the next slide, when Penta BDE was phased out, the replacements were chlorinated tris,
0F2jdODNpno-00719-00307928-00308551 the same chlorinated tris that had been removed from children's pajamas in the '70s,
0F2jdODNpno-00720-00308551-00308936 even though the CPSC had said the estimated lifetime cancer risk was
0F2jdODNpno-00721-00308936-00309156 up to 300 cancer patients per million.
0F2jdODNpno-00722-00309156-00309619 There was a CPSC study saying that in 2006.
0F2jdODNpno-00723-00309619-00309846 Nonetheless, it was the major replacement.
0F2jdODNpno-00724-00309846-00310195 The other replacement, Firemaster 550,
0F2jdODNpno-00725-00310195-00310704 the EPA Design for the Environment predicted reproductive, neurological,
0F2jdODNpno-00726-00310704-00311423 and developmental toxicity as well as persistent degradation products, and indeed if you note,
0F2jdODNpno-00727-00311423-00312119 the brochure on the left, it claimed that the human health toxicity, whatever that means,
0F2jdODNpno-00728-00312119-00312400 of Firemaster would be half of that of Penta.
0F2jdODNpno-00729-00312400-00312997 I guess it's an advertisement for the change, if that's enough.
0F2jdODNpno-00730-00312997-00313458 So we knew that and yet in 2005, those were the replacements.
0F2jdODNpno-00731-00313458-00313972 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Dr. Blum, I'm sorry to interrupt but your time's expired but I'm going
0F2jdODNpno-00732-00313972-00314419 to yield you, if you would like, out of my time an additional 30 seconds.
0F2jdODNpno-00733-00314419-00314540 DR. BLUM: Okay.
0F2jdODNpno-00734-00314540-00314809 Sorry. I talk too slowly.
0F2jdODNpno-00735-00314809-00315098 COMMISSIONER ADLER: No.
0F2jdODNpno-00736-00315098-00315551 DR. BLUM: Now I can't find my slide.
0F2jdODNpno-00737-00315551-00316307 Okay. Well, I think just to conclude that we have considerable data that the substitutes tend
0F2jdODNpno-00738-00316307-00317265 to have the same properties and that indeed I was going to just conclude with the quote
0F2jdODNpno-00739-00317265-00317814 from the Chicago Tribune to remind people that a "deceptive campaign by industry
0F2jdODNpno-00740-00317814-00318140 about toxic flame retardants into our homes and bodies
0F2jdODNpno-00741-00318140-00318402 and the chemicals don't work as promised."
0F2jdODNpno-00742-00318402-00319053 So there is a real opportunity to reduce the use of these chemicals -- COMMISSIONER ADLER: Okay.
0F2jdODNpno-00743-00319053-00319444 Dr. Blum, I'm going to have to cut you off right there and I apologize for doing that.
0F2jdODNpno-00744-00319444-00319718 We may be able to get back to you during the questioning.
0F2jdODNpno-00745-00319718-00320864 I'd like now to see if we have Dr. Diamond on the phone.
0F2jdODNpno-00746-00320864-00321093 (No response.)
0F2jdODNpno-00747-00321093-00321190 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Okay.
0F2jdODNpno-00748-00321190-00321859 I'm told by our technical expert that it takes a minute to get folks off of mute.
0F2jdODNpno-00749-00321859-00322179 So I'm just going to keep asking Dr. Diamond, if you are there?
0F2jdODNpno-00750-00322179-00322354 (No response.)
0F2jdODNpno-00751-00322513-00322718 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Dr. Diamond, can you hear us?
0F2jdODNpno-00752-00322718-00322848 (No response.)
0F2jdODNpno-00753-00323456-00323915 COMMISSIONER ADLER: We'll try one more time and if not, then I think we can move to questions
0F2jdODNpno-00754-00323915-00324360 and if Dr. Diamond comes online, then we can ask for her testimony.
0F2jdODNpno-00755-00324360-00324590 One last time, Dr. Diamond, can you hear us?
0F2jdODNpno-00756-00324590-00324639 (No response.)
0F2jdODNpno-00757-00324639-00324853 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Apparently she cannot.
0F2jdODNpno-00758-00324853-00325418 PANEL 2 QUESTIONS COMMISSIONER ADLER: So I'm going to move to ask a few questions
0F2jdODNpno-00759-00325418-00326046 and I think what I'd like to do, Dr. Balan, since you're here and we can see you
0F2jdODNpno-00760-00326046-00326493 and you're somebody that I can ask this question of.
0F2jdODNpno-00761-00326493-00326865 We have a claim that will be made this afternoon that EPA
0F2jdODNpno-00762-00326865-00327338 and other governmental authorities have determined and this is what the phrase was
0F2jdODNpno-00763-00327338-00327711 that got me a little confused, that "some of the chemistries impacted
0F2jdODNpno-00764-00327711-00328137 by the Petition do not present a significant risk to human health or the environment."
0F2jdODNpno-00765-00328137-00328358 So I guess my question is a broad one.
0F2jdODNpno-00766-00328358-00329014 Are you aware of any organohalogen non-polymeric flame retardant additive that EPA
0F2jdODNpno-00767-00329014-00329456 or any other governmental agency has determined does not present a hazard
0F2jdODNpno-00768-00329456-00329724 to the environment or human health?
0F2jdODNpno-00769-00329724-00330243 DR. BALAN: I am not aware of that.
0F2jdODNpno-00770-00330243-00330911 I know that the EPA is in the process of reviewing certain groups
0F2jdODNpno-00771-00330911-00331473 of organohalogen flame retardants but, yeah, no, I'm not aware.
0F2jdODNpno-00772-00331473-00332014 COMMISSIONER ADLER: And, Ms. Gartner, I'd like to ask you a question.
0F2jdODNpno-00773-00332014-00332597 The Petition limited itself to four categories of consumer products but I sat down
0F2jdODNpno-00774-00332597-00333113 and I said what other consumer products out there and I thought candles, carpets, cabinets,
0F2jdODNpno-00775-00333113-00333367 sheets, towels, shower curtains, appliances.
0F2jdODNpno-00776-00333367-00333991 There are a lot of other products that conceivably might have organohalogens.
0F2jdODNpno-00777-00333991-00334402 So one of the things that we have to do in deciding whether to grant the Petition is
0F2jdODNpno-00778-00334402-00334686 to figure out what the scope of the Petition should be.
0F2jdODNpno-00779-00334686-00335221 Can you explain in a little bit more detail why you limited the request just
0F2jdODNpno-00780-00335221-00335436 to these four product categories?
0F2jdODNpno-00781-00335436-00335601 MS. GARTNER: Yes, Commissioner Adler.
0F2jdODNpno-00782-00335601-00336353 We chose categories where we know organohalogen flame retardants are used in additive form
0F2jdODNpno-00783-00336353-00336770 and in non-polymeric forms, so that it would lead to human exposures,
0F2jdODNpno-00784-00336770-00337191 and we also chose categories where there's documented evidence
0F2jdODNpno-00785-00337191-00337701 that there really is no fire safety benefit to using the halogens
0F2jdODNpno-00786-00337701-00337900 at the levels where they're currently used.
0F2jdODNpno-00787-00337900-00338343 So that might also be the case for additional categories of products but these are the ones
0F2jdODNpno-00788-00338343-00338754 where there's documentation of the lack of fire safety benefit.
0F2jdODNpno-00789-00338754-00339210 COMMISSIONER ADLER: And if I might, Ms. Gartner,
0F2jdODNpno-00790-00339210-00339684 we heard Dr. Blum's discussion of regrettable substitutions.
0F2jdODNpno-00791-00339684-00340158 She did it product by product, showing that when you use one and the famous phrase
0F2jdODNpno-00792-00340158-00340709 of whack-a-mole, you find another one, but can you explain more broadly what the notion
0F2jdODNpno-00793-00340709-00341063 of regrettable substitution is and why it's of such concern
0F2jdODNpno-00794-00341063-00341341 to the Petitioners in this particular case?
0F2jdODNpno-00795-00341341-00341449 MS. GARTNER: Yes.
0F2jdODNpno-00796-00341449-00342281 So the concern is that unless there's a prohibition on the use of any chemical
0F2jdODNpno-00797-00342281-00342858 in this class, that if -- what we've seen, as Dr. Blum is saying,
0F2jdODNpno-00798-00342858-00343204 Penta BDE was used for decades in sofas.
0F2jdODNpno-00799-00343204-00343567 EPA determined 10 years ago that that posed risks.
0F2jdODNpno-00800-00343567-00344079 They were three or four years later than Europe in determining that but they entered
0F2jdODNpno-00801-00344079-00344609 into this voluntary phase-out and then new chemicals came
0F2jdODNpno-00802-00344609-00345118 on that have similar chemical structures and similar toxicity and the concern is
0F2jdODNpno-00803-00345118-00345667 that if this Commission were simply to act against particular chemicals, then we would --
0F2jdODNpno-00804-00345667-00346218 then the next replacements would have the same problems, similar structure, similar toxicity.
0F2jdODNpno-00805-00346218-00346763 The only way to get at the root of the problem is to address all the chemicals
0F2jdODNpno-00806-00346763-00347415 that have this structure, the bonding of the carbon atom and the halogenated chemical.
0F2jdODNpno-00807-00347415-00347614 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Thank you very much for the question.
0F2jdODNpno-00808-00347614-00347714 I have one last question.
0F2jdODNpno-00809-00347714-00347961 Dr. Balan, if I might direct that to you.
0F2jdODNpno-00810-00347961-00348377 We're going to hear testimony this afternoon from a manufacturer who claims
0F2jdODNpno-00811-00348377-00348821 to have developed effective halogen-free reactive FR chemicals
0F2jdODNpno-00812-00348821-00349066 for use in some consumer products.
0F2jdODNpno-00813-00349066-00349563 Setting aside the question whether we need FR chemicals in some of these products,
0F2jdODNpno-00814-00349563-00350017 is it possible to develop an effective halogen-free reactive FR chemical
0F2jdODNpno-00815-00350017-00350268 for use in consumer products?
0F2jdODNpno-00816-00350268-00350489 DR. BALAN: I believe it is and I believe
0F2jdODNpno-00817-00350489-00351111 that by banning products containing additive non-polymeric organohalogen flame retardants,
0F2jdODNpno-00818-00351111-00351660 we would be opening further opportunities for innovation for finding safer alternatives.
0F2jdODNpno-00819-00351660-00351914 So the fact that the flame retardant would be reactive,
0F2jdODNpno-00820-00351914-00352352 that's good news because it means it's bound to the material, be less likely to cause exposure.
0F2jdODNpno-00821-00352352-00352949 Even if it shows some toxicity, consumers will not be exposed to it during product use.
0F2jdODNpno-00822-00352949-00353101 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Thank you so much.
0F2jdODNpno-00823-00353101-00353195 Commissioner Robinson?
0F2jdODNpno-00824-00353195-00353505 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Thank you, Commissioner Adler.
0F2jdODNpno-00825-00353505-00353987 One of my frustrations in reviewing the voluminous materials that were submitted
0F2jdODNpno-00826-00353987-00354307 and in listening to the presentations that have been given to us
0F2jdODNpno-00827-00354307-00354632 over the last few weeks is making sure that we're dealing
0F2jdODNpno-00828-00354632-00354902 with only what's relevant to you Petitioners.
0F2jdODNpno-00829-00354902-00355222 Since you're all Petitioners, I guess any of you could answer this but, Ms. Gartner,
0F2jdODNpno-00830-00355222-00355422 I'm going to aim this question at you.
0F2jdODNpno-00831-00355422-00355919 I just want to be perfectly clear that the only thing that's being asked in the Petition,
0F2jdODNpno-00832-00355919-00356327 as I understand it, deals with non-polymerics, not polymerics, correct?
0F2jdODNpno-00833-00356327-00356425 MS. GARTNER: That's correct.
0F2jdODNpno-00834-00356425-00356603 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Additive, not reactive, right?
0F2jdODNpno-00835-00356603-00356708 MS. GARTNER: That's correct.
0F2jdODNpno-00836-00356708-00357250 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: And when we're talking about electronic devices, when you're talking
0F2jdODNpno-00837-00357250-00357562 about the products, the others are very clear, but I want to be perfectly clear in this,
0F2jdODNpno-00838-00357562-00358002 you're not talking about any flame retardants inside the electronics
0F2jdODNpno-00839-00358002-00358115 but only the casings, correct?
0F2jdODNpno-00840-00358115-00358184 MS. GARTNER: That's correct.
0F2jdODNpno-00841-00358184-00358242 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Okay.
0F2jdODNpno-00842-00358242-00358736 And hopefully we'll be able to limit all of the presentations today to just those that are
0F2jdODNpno-00843-00358736-00358964 within the subject areas of the Petition.
0F2jdODNpno-00844-00358964-00359525 The other thing, Dr. Balan, I would like to ask you because we're being asked not only
0F2jdODNpno-00845-00359525-00360096 to ban products that are in existence that are non-polymeric,
0F2jdODNpno-00846-00360096-00360676 additive organohalogen flame retardants but we're also being asked to ban products
0F2jdODNpno-00847-00360676-00361194 that might be created in the future that are in this category and not being a scientist,
0F2jdODNpno-00848-00361194-00361910 I need you to tell me whether you can think of any situation in which a chemical,
0F2jdODNpno-00849-00361910-00362557 a flame retardant, could be invented that met these criteria
0F2jdODNpno-00850-00362557-00363114 that did not have the same endpoint of toxicity that the group
0F2jdODNpno-00851-00363114-00363419 that is in existence now apparently has.
0F2jdODNpno-00852-00363419-00363633 DR. BALAN: Yeah.
0F2jdODNpno-00853-00363633-00364244 I think so the -- we're taking, you know, regrettable substitution,
0F2jdODNpno-00854-00364244-00364663 you've heard all about that, the problem with regrettable substitution, and,
0F2jdODNpno-00855-00364663-00365199 as Dr. Birnbaum said before, there are different toxicity endpoints
0F2jdODNpno-00856-00365199-00365768 for these organohalogen flame retardants, but they do all have certain things in common
0F2jdODNpno-00857-00365768-00366089 and it's too bad Dr. Diamond could not speak
0F2jdODNpno-00858-00366089-00366621 because she has studied the physical-chemical properties of organohalogen flame retardants
0F2jdODNpno-00859-00366621-00367302 and knows that they tend to all share the properties of persistence and bio-accumulation.
0F2jdODNpno-00860-00367302-00367772 So we will have those chemicals in our bodies and by the time we get them in our bodies
0F2jdODNpno-00861-00367772-00368080 and the environment, it will take a very long time for us to determine
0F2jdODNpno-00862-00368080-00368553 if they have harmful human health effects, so.
0F2jdODNpno-00863-00368553-00368851 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: And would you expect any of the chemicals
0F2jdODNpno-00864-00368851-00369298 within this category to be an SBOC?
0F2jdODNpno-00865-00369298-00369693 DR. BALAN: Yes, that is what Dr. Diamond's research has shown and,
0F2jdODNpno-00866-00369693-00370310 as I said in my testimony, organohalogens in general will tend to enter our cells
0F2jdODNpno-00867-00370310-00370642 and be there for a long time and have potential to cause toxicity.
0F2jdODNpno-00868-00370642-00371025 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: You're speaking of the lipophilic characteristic?
0F2jdODNpno-00869-00371025-00371165 DR. BALAN: Yes.
0F2jdODNpno-00870-00371165-00371489 The ones that have phosphates in them, so the halogen organophosphates,
0F2jdODNpno-00871-00371489-00371918 those are not lipophilics, so they don't tend to bio-accumulate as much.
0F2jdODNpno-00872-00371918-00372480 They're more water-soluble but they are also not recognized by our cell defenses
0F2jdODNpno-00873-00372480-00372928 and they can have similar -- they can similarly bypass our defenses
0F2jdODNpno-00874-00372928-00373081 and get into the cells to cause toxic effects.
0F2jdODNpno-00875-00373081-00373344 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: I think that's all I have.
0F2jdODNpno-00876-00373344-00373480 Thank you very much.
0F2jdODNpno-00877-00373480-00373811 COMMISSIONER ADLER: As I understand it, we now have Dr. Diamond on the phone.
0F2jdODNpno-00878-00373811-00373965 Am I correct in saying that?
0F2jdODNpno-00879-00373965-00374086 DR. DIAMOND: Yes.
0F2jdODNpno-00880-00374086-00374283 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Oh, wonderful.
0F2jdODNpno-00881-00374283-00374496 DR. DIAMOND: Oh, my goodness.
0F2jdODNpno-00882-00374496-00374591 That was stressful.
0F2jdODNpno-00883-00374591-00374719 I kept calling out.
0F2jdODNpno-00884-00374719-00375053 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Well, it's stressful for us, too.
0F2jdODNpno-00885-00375053-00375490 But, anyway, thank you for agreeing to testify and you may now begin.
0F2jdODNpno-00886-00375490-00375576 You'll have five minutes.
0F2jdODNpno-00887-00375576-00376129 DR. DIAMOND: Thank you very much for this opportunity to appear before you by phone.
0F2jdODNpno-00888-00376129-00376287 My name is Miriam Diamond.
0F2jdODNpno-00889-00376287-00376685 I'm a professor at the University of Toronto for the past 25 years,
0F2jdODNpno-00890-00376685-00377176 of which 15 of those years I've spent looking at flame retardants,
0F2jdODNpno-00891-00377176-00377493 both through measurements and through modeling.
0F2jdODNpno-00892-00377493-00377710 I'd like to make three points.
0F2jdODNpno-00893-00377710-00378218 The first point is the nature, the physical-chemical properties of the compounds,
0F2jdODNpno-00894-00378218-00378806 that they're semi-volatile organic compounds, coupled with the fact that they're additive.
0F2jdODNpno-00895-00378806-00379263 The fact that they're semi-volatile organic compounds means that they can exist both
0F2jdODNpno-00896-00379263-00379727 in the solid phase, that is, like as the additive into the polymer,
0F2jdODNpno-00897-00379727-00379954 and in the gas phase at the same time.
0F2jdODNpno-00898-00379954-00380635 It's inevitable because of this volatility, the tendency for the chemical to go into the air.
0F2jdODNpno-00899-00380635-00381215 It's inevitable that the chemical will escape from the polymer and enter
0F2jdODNpno-00900-00381215-00381572 into the air in the indoor environment.
0F2jdODNpno-00901-00381572-00382107 Now from the indoor air, they will then partition into surfaces.
0F2jdODNpno-00902-00382107-00382830 So the first point is it's inevitable that these compounds will slowly migrate from the polymer
0F2jdODNpno-00903-00382830-00383265 to which they're added into the environment, be it indoors or outdoors.
0F2jdODNpno-00904-00383265-00383768 The second point I'd like to make is that the compounds are persistent.
0F2jdODNpno-00905-00383768-00384303 Organic compounds break down by the action of sunlight, extreme temperatures, and microbes.
0F2jdODNpno-00906-00384303-00385009 The organohalogens are very persistent and that's outdoors where they persist anywhere,
0F2jdODNpno-00907-00385009-00385401 depending on the compound, for months to decades.
0F2jdODNpno-00908-00385401-00385858 So indoors, where we don't have sunlight, we don't have extreme temperatures,
0F2jdODNpno-00909-00385858-00386219 and we don't have as many microbes, they're extremely persistent.
0F2jdODNpno-00910-00386219-00386562 There are very few opportunities for loss.
0F2jdODNpno-00911-00386562-00387117 Couple that with the fact that it's inevitable that they will continue to be emitted
0F2jdODNpno-00912-00387117-00387648 from the polymer as long as that polymer is in the environment,
0F2jdODNpno-00913-00387648-00388225 you'll continue to have emissions indoors and persistence of the compound.
0F2jdODNpno-00914-00388225-00388924 The third point I would like to make is that because of these properties, we're exposed.
0F2jdODNpno-00915-00388924-00389160 We're exposed in several ways.
0F2jdODNpno-00916-00389160-00389817 We can directly touch the polymer and because it's not chemically bonded, some small
0F2jdODNpno-00917-00389817-00390163 but significant fraction of the chemical will come off
0F2jdODNpno-00918-00390163-00390566 on your hands and we've done testing on that.
0F2jdODNpno-00919-00390566-00391039 Secondly, the chemical, because it's semi-volatile,
0F2jdODNpno-00920-00391039-00391448 will tend to absorb on to surfaces.
0F2jdODNpno-00921-00391448-00391922 Now those surfaces include toys, includes your clothing.
0F2jdODNpno-00922-00391922-00392169 It includes your skin.
0F2jdODNpno-00923-00392169-00392302 It includes the floor.
0F2jdODNpno-00924-00392302-00392457 It includes dust.
0F2jdODNpno-00925-00392457-00393040 We have opportunities through hand-to-mouth contact for direct exposure from, for example,
0F2jdODNpno-00926-00393040-00393644 we touch the casing of our TV or computer, get the flame retardant on our hands
0F2jdODNpno-00927-00393644-00394196 through the casing, through the dust on there, transfer it to our mouth.
0F2jdODNpno-00928-00394196-00394516 So we're exposed in multiple ways.
0F2jdODNpno-00929-00394516-00394699 Now I think I have one more minute.
0F2jdODNpno-00930-00394699-00394873 So I just want to make a final point.
0F2jdODNpno-00931-00394873-00395057 This is actually the fourth point.
0F2jdODNpno-00932-00395057-00395416 One thing we don't tend to -- COMMISSIONER ADLER: You actually have two minutes.
0F2jdODNpno-00933-00395416-00395714 DR. DIAMOND: Am I out of time?
0F2jdODNpno-00934-00395714-00395831 COMMISSIONER ADLER: No.
0F2jdODNpno-00935-00395831-00395897 You have two minutes.
0F2jdODNpno-00936-00395897-00395976 DR. DIAMOND: Two minutes?
0F2jdODNpno-00937-00395976-00396262 Then I can have a leisurely fourth point.
0F2jdODNpno-00938-00396262-00396860 The fourth point is that we don't tend to think of the end of life and I recognize
0F2jdODNpno-00939-00396860-00397286 that you're regulating for fire safety in this point but it behooves us to think
0F2jdODNpno-00940-00397286-00397738 of what happens to these products, particularly electronic products.
0F2jdODNpno-00941-00397738-00398148 The plastic polymers are a hot commodity.
0F2jdODNpno-00942-00398148-00399018 They're purchased after the plastic -- the electronic products go into the waste stream.
0F2jdODNpno-00943-00399018-00399614 So there's a vigorous market for those polymers that contain flame retardants.
0F2jdODNpno-00944-00399614-00400051 Some of those polymers happen to come back to us in other products,
0F2jdODNpno-00945-00400051-00400471 including kitchen utensils and other kitchen items.
0F2jdODNpno-00946-00400471-00400965 For example, I have measured in my own kitchen spoons and the presence of PBDEs
0F2jdODNpno-00947-00400965-00401761 that could not have been intentionally added to kitchen spoons and we've done subsequent testing
0F2jdODNpno-00948-00401761-00402487 to find that other plastic products, such as kitchen spoons, have flame retardants in them.
0F2jdODNpno-00949-00402487-00403180 So to summarize, it's inevitable that these compounds as a class will migrate
0F2jdODNpno-00950-00403180-00404093 out of products and in effect sort of smear the indoor environment and all the surfaces
0F2jdODNpno-00951-00404093-00404398 in the indoor environment with those chemicals.
0F2jdODNpno-00952-00404398-00404703 And with that, I'd like to thank you very much for taking me off mute
0F2jdODNpno-00953-00404703-00404917 and allowing me the opportunity to present.
0F2jdODNpno-00954-00404917-00405120 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Thank you so much.
0F2jdODNpno-00955-00405120-00405589 I now will move to Commissioner Buerkle for questions and I did want
0F2jdODNpno-00956-00405589-00405842 to make one note about an exception.
0F2jdODNpno-00957-00405842-00406497 Because Commissioner Robinson and I were not able to ask you questions,
0F2jdODNpno-00958-00406497-00406789 I'm going to permit her, after we've gone
0F2jdODNpno-00959-00406789-00407088 through these questions, another minute for a question.
0F2jdODNpno-00960-00407088-00407388 But in the moment, Commissioner Buerkle?
0F2jdODNpno-00961-00407388-00407785 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Thank you and thanks to all of our panelists for being here today.
0F2jdODNpno-00962-00407785-00407997 We do appreciate your testimony.
0F2jdODNpno-00963-00407997-00408314 I just have a couple of questions, one for Mr. Wallace.
0F2jdODNpno-00964-00408314-00408848 Mr. Wallace, in your testimony, you suggest that all of the four categories of products
0F2jdODNpno-00965-00408848-00409452 that are included in the Petition include large amounts of these organohalogens.
0F2jdODNpno-00966-00409452-00409809 Can you just describe for me what you consider a large amount?
0F2jdODNpno-00967-00409809-00409921 Is it a certain percentage?
0F2jdODNpno-00968-00409921-00409979 What is the number?
0F2jdODNpno-00969-00409979-00410218 MR. WALLACE: It's not a certain percentage.
0F2jdODNpno-00970-00410218-00410614 It's our assessment, based on our -- when we assessed the Petition,
0F2jdODNpno-00971-00410614-00410980 to see if we would be signing on and supporting it.
0F2jdODNpno-00972-00410980-00411666 Our scientists in our office in D.C. concluded that the science was compelling.
0F2jdODNpno-00973-00411666-00411754 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Okay.
0F2jdODNpno-00974-00411754-00412201 Well, because we have such a limited time, we'll probably follow up with questions but thank you.
0F2jdODNpno-00975-00412201-00412489 Ms. Gartner, I have a couple questions for you.
0F2jdODNpno-00976-00412489-00412934 Number 1, in your testimony, you suggested that --
0F2jdODNpno-00977-00412934-00413739 so if a product is declared a banned hazardous substance, that then under Section 15,
0F2jdODNpno-00978-00413739-00414222 we could take action, and I'm just wondering what you suggest --
0F2jdODNpno-00979-00414222-00414352 what you're suggesting by that.
0F2jdODNpno-00980-00414352-00414759 A recall or what was -- MS. GARTNER: Relating to the legacy uses?
0F2jdODNpno-00981-00414759-00414856 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Yes.
0F2jdODNpno-00982-00414856-00414925 MS. GARTNER: Yeah.
0F2jdODNpno-00983-00414925-00415381 So I read that section through a few times and, I mean, obviously you have more experience
0F2jdODNpno-00984-00415381-00415784 with that and I'm not making a particular recommendation at this time
0F2jdODNpno-00985-00415784-00416139 but it could be a recall, it could be a notice, it could --
0F2jdODNpno-00986-00416139-00416376 it wouldn't have to be a full recall.
0F2jdODNpno-00987-00416376-00416675 There could be replacement foam cushions for sofas.
0F2jdODNpno-00988-00416675-00417362 I think there's a variety of authorities that you have and I haven't --
0F2jdODNpno-00989-00417362-00417972 I probably haven't given it as much thought as I could but I do know you have the authority
0F2jdODNpno-00990-00417972-00418514 to address the legacy exposures from chemicals that are already in people's homes.
0F2jdODNpno-00991-00418514-00418655 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Thank you very much.
0F2jdODNpno-00992-00418655-00419077 And then a second question is currently, the Commission is dealing
0F2jdODNpno-00993-00419077-00419352 with phthalates, another -- yeah.
0F2jdODNpno-00994-00419352-00420017 We've been advised to -- and the scientists, as we're going through this analysis, to divide up
0F2jdODNpno-00995-00420017-00420395 and make distinctions between groups and I'd like to ask your opinion.
0F2jdODNpno-00996-00420395-00420614 Why isn't that appropriate in this situation?
0F2jdODNpno-00997-00420614-00421027 Why aren't we asking to ban all of these products?
0F2jdODNpno-00998-00421027-00421297 MS. GARTNER: Right.
0F2jdODNpno-00999-00421297-00421674 Well, under -- can you say more about what when you say by groups?
0F2jdODNpno-01000-00421674-00422149 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Well, some phthalates have been identified as fine and others are banned
0F2jdODNpno-01001-00422149-00422371 and right now, there's a group of them -- there's an interim ban -- MS. GARTNER: Right.
0F2jdODNpno-01002-00422371-00422638 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: -- and those are the ones we're making the decision on.
0F2jdODNpno-01003-00422638-00422839 MS. GARTNER: So I think with the phthalates, you looked at --
0F2jdODNpno-01004-00422839-00423310 the CHAP that was convened looked at a particular endpoint
0F2jdODNpno-01005-00423310-00423968 and that endpoint was male reproduction and so the proposal is to ban the phthalates
0F2jdODNpno-01006-00423968-00424299 that act on that particular endpoint.
0F2jdODNpno-01007-00424299-00424651 So what we're saying here, what Dr. Birnbaum said and what Dr. Balan have said,
0F2jdODNpno-01008-00424651-00425255 is that the organohalogens as a class, the organohalogen flame retardants,
0F2jdODNpno-01009-00425255-00425437 they operate on multiple endpoints.
0F2jdODNpno-01010-00425437-00425914 So we're not saying just look at the carcinogenic effect
0F2jdODNpno-01011-00425914-00426243 or just look at the neurotoxic effect.
0F2jdODNpno-01012-00426243-00426428 Many of them are neurotoxic.
0F2jdODNpno-01013-00426428-00426624 Many of them are carcinogenic.
0F2jdODNpno-01014-00426624-00427335 They're not a hundred percent all carcinogenic but all of them, because of this bond
0F2jdODNpno-01015-00427335-00427703 and other physical-chemical properties that I'll leave to the scientists to describe,
0F2jdODNpno-01016-00427703-00428338 all of them have toxicity and meet the standard under the FHSA as being a hazardous substance.
0F2jdODNpno-01017-00428338-00428612 They don't all operate in exactly the same way
0F2jdODNpno-01018-00428612-00428893 but all of them meet the definition of hazardous substance.
0F2jdODNpno-01019-00428893-00429028 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Thank you very much.
0F2jdODNpno-01020-00429028-00429401 And, Dr. Blum, for you, as well, I have one question.
0F2jdODNpno-01021-00429401-00430039 You mentioned some of these chemicals being bio-accumulative and I'm wondering
0F2jdODNpno-01022-00430039-00430449 when they're bio-accumulative, does it necessarily mean
0F2jdODNpno-01023-00430449-00430803 that there is some risk of exposure with that chemical?
0F2jdODNpno-01024-00430803-00431510 DR. BLUM: Well, it means that they stay in organisms for a very long time
0F2jdODNpno-01025-00431510-00431813 and the levels go up as you go up the food chain.
0F2jdODNpno-01026-00431813-00432680 So, for example, these chemicals are often in wastewater and they wash into the ocean
0F2jdODNpno-01027-00432680-00433146 where very small creatures eat them and the larger creatures eat the small creatures
0F2jdODNpno-01028-00433146-00433779 and get higher levels and then fish get a higher level and finally you end up with marine mammals
0F2jdODNpno-01029-00433779-00434309 who are quite bio-accumulative and the highest levels in the world, for example,
0F2jdODNpno-01030-00434309-00435252 of PBDEs are in marine mammals around California, where we have the most PBDEs,
0F2jdODNpno-01031-00435252-00435667 and they tend to be lipophilic is the reason.
0F2jdODNpno-01032-00435667-00435960 So they do stay in our bodies a very long time
0F2jdODNpno-01033-00435960-00436541 and all other organisms continue to be exposed to them.
0F2jdODNpno-01034-00436541-00436822 COMMISSIONER BUERKLE: Thank you.
0F2jdODNpno-01035-00436822-00437164 Again, though, we can have a future conversation, I'm sure, maybe in a QFR,
0F2jdODNpno-01036-00437164-00437710 but with regards to even with that kind of accumulation that you've described for us,
0F2jdODNpno-01037-00437710-00438114 does that necessarily mean that there are adverse consequences
0F2jdODNpno-01038-00438114-00438372 to exposure but I think my time is up.
0F2jdODNpno-01039-00438372-00438483 Thank you all very much.
0F2jdODNpno-01040-00438483-00438693 COMMISSIONER ADLER: Commissioner Mohorovic?
0F2jdODNpno-01041-00438693-00438985 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you, Petitioners,
0F2jdODNpno-01042-00438985-00439479 for making the suggestion to the agency and the depth and the quality of your Petition as well
0F2jdODNpno-01043-00439479-00439760 as your availability to myself and the Commission
0F2jdODNpno-01044-00439760-00440045 to answer questions about your suggestion.
0F2jdODNpno-01045-00440045-00440439 I'm interested in the demand drivers for flame retardants and the incorporation
0F2jdODNpno-01046-00440439-00440750 of the four product sectors that you've identified and,
0F2jdODNpno-01047-00440750-00441164 leaving aside the children's products, electronics, and mattresses,
0F2jdODNpno-01048-00441164-00441547 and to focus just on upholstered furniture, if we could, for a moment,
0F2jdODNpno-01049-00441547-00442124 it's generally understood that California Technical Bulletin 117-75, of course,
0F2jdODNpno-01050-00442124-00442725 again before the 2013 revisions, was a significant demand driver for the incorporation
0F2jdODNpno-01051-00442725-00443222 of significant amount of flame retardants to be able to meet that very difficult standard
0F2jdODNpno-01052-00443222-00443672 that was the rule/law in California.
0F2jdODNpno-01053-00443672-00444567 Since then, there's been a 2013 version, so California Technical Bulletin 117-13,
0F2jdODNpno-01054-00444567-00445288 that has made that standard available to be met through the usage of barriers
0F2jdODNpno-01055-00445288-00445943 and other technologies that doesn't require the significant incorporation of flame retardants.
0F2jdODNpno-01056-00445943-00446360 I have one question for each of the Petitioners and for brevity,
0F2jdODNpno-01057-00446360-00446655 I would ask you to answer yes, no, or no comment.
0F2jdODNpno-01058-00446655-00447180 Would you support the Commission adopting Technical Bulletin 117-13
0F2jdODNpno-01059-00447180-00447606 as a national mandatory standard for upholstered furniture?
0F2jdODNpno-01060-00447606-00447672 Mr. Wallace?
0F2jdODNpno-01061-00447672-00447900 MR. WALLACE: I have to get back to you.
0F2jdODNpno-01062-00447900-00448177 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: I guess that would be no comment.
0F2jdODNpno-01063-00448177-00448335 MR. WALLACE: No comment.
0F2jdODNpno-01064-00448335-00448425 MS. GARTNER: Yes.
0F2jdODNpno-01065-00448425-00448606 DR. BALAN: Yes.
0F2jdODNpno-01066-00448606-00448997 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Dr. Blum?
0F2jdODNpno-01067-00448997-00449216 DR. BLUM: Yes, I would support it.
0F2jdODNpno-01068-00449216-00449468 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Dr. Diamond?
0F2jdODNpno-01069-00449468-00449709 DR. DIAMOND: Miriam Diamond, yes.
0F2jdODNpno-01070-00449709-00449909 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you very much.
0F2jdODNpno-01071-00449909-00450326 In my previous -- in the previous panel, we talked about the exposure pathways
0F2jdODNpno-01072-00450326-00450726 with the upholstered furniture and the study that was done and I'm now informed
0F2jdODNpno-01073-00450726-00451572 that that was limited to dermal exposure and I was wondering if you have any additional study
0F2jdODNpno-01074-00451572-00452164 or information on the exposure pathway that might better inform our staff's analysis
0F2jdODNpno-01075-00452164-00452584 to determine risk assessment, which would be the threshold that we would have
0F2jdODNpno-01076-00452584-00452913 to meet in order to ban moving forward.
0F2jdODNpno-01077-00452913-00453468 Do you have anything with regards to exposure pathways from other means
0F2jdODNpno-01078-00453468-00453853 for the four product categories that are identified in the Petition?
0F2jdODNpno-01079-00453853-00454547 Any of the panelists may jump in if they have something.
0F2jdODNpno-01080-00454547-00455037 DR. BALAN: So currently, the biggest exposure route is
0F2jdODNpno-01081-00455037-00455489 through inhalation of contaminated dust.
0F2jdODNpno-01082-00455489-00456159 Dermal exposure has also recently been shown to be a significant exposure route, as well.
0F2jdODNpno-01083-00456159-00456743 Inhalation is also important but I think the hand-to-mouth contact is
0F2jdODNpno-01084-00456743-00457231 in general the biggest source and including hand-to-mouth
0F2jdODNpno-01085-00457231-00457496 from contaminated dust and from product.
0F2jdODNpno-01086-00457496-00458092 So there have been studies showing that touching electronics and then bringing the hands
0F2jdODNpno-01087-00458092-00458572 to the mouth can create exposure and also when the electronics heat up,
0F2jdODNpno-01088-00458572-00459003 the casings release more of these flame retardants in the dust.
0F2jdODNpno-01089-00459003-00459125 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you.
0F2jdODNpno-01090-00459125-00459312 Dr. Blum or Dr. Diamond?
0F2jdODNpno-01091-00459312-00459625 DR. BLUM: Can you hear me?
0F2jdODNpno-01092-00459625-00459972 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Yes.
0F2jdODNpno-01093-00459972-00460114 DR. BLUM: Okay.
0F2jdODNpno-01094-00460114-00460780 Well, there was a very large EPA study about four-five years ago that dealt with Penta BDE.
0F2jdODNpno-01095-00460780-00461430 I believe 80 percent of the exposure was from dust and there's been a number
0F2jdODNpno-01096-00461430-00462047 of studies recently, sadly, finding that children's levels of Penta BDE
0F2jdODNpno-01097-00462047-00462725 and tris are three to five times higher than their parents, which is believe to be due
0F2jdODNpno-01098-00462725-00463427 to hand-to-mouth contact, which is also further showing that dust exposure
0F2jdODNpno-01099-00463427-00463710 through hand-to-mouth contact is really a large source,
0F2jdODNpno-01100-00463710-00464035 given how much higher children's exposure is.
0F2jdODNpno-01101-00464035-00464352 It's a very unfortunate fact that it is that high.
0F2jdODNpno-01102-00464352-00464789 COMMISSIONER MOHOROVIC: Thank you, Dr. Blum.
0F2jdODNpno-01103-00464789-00465097 And, you know, we know that the dose makes the poison.
0F2jdODNpno-01104-00465097-00465397 Is there any of those studies included --
0F2jdODNpno-01105-00465397-00465912 I recognize and it sounds like the studies have proven that that is a pathway,
0F2jdODNpno-01106-00465912-00466276 dermal oral hand-to-mouth, as well as inhalation.
0F2jdODNpno-01107-00466276-00466695 Has there been any studies to understand the rate with which we might be able
0F2jdODNpno-01108-00466695-00467189 to determine risk assessment outside of just an acknowledgement
0F2jdODNpno-01109-00467189-00467631 that it is a pathway for exposure?
0F2jdODNpno-01110-00467631-00467878 DR. DIAMOND: Yes, and it's Miriam Diamond.
0F2jdODNpno-01111-00467878-00468453 I'd like to add one other exposure pathway and that's through directly mouthing materials
0F2jdODNpno-01112-00468453-00468654 that have the flame retardant absorbed.
0F2jdODNpno-01113-00468654-00469357 For example, the flame retardant will go from dust and from air on to the surface of the toy
0F2jdODNpno-01114-00469357-00469833 or clothing that can be mouthed and that could actually be a significant exposure pathway.
0F2jdODNpno-01115-00469833-00470725 The U.S. EPA has exposure pathway levels so that the risk assessment can be done.
0F2jdODNpno-01116-00470725-00471280 I think what's unclear is that the dust -- we know that there is exposure through dust
0F2jdODNpno-01117-00471280-00471891 but we also appreciate the dust is probably acting as proxy, which is the levels indoors
0F2jdODNpno-01118-00471891-00472475 to which we're exposed, depending on the particular activities of the individual,
0F2jdODNpno-01119-00472475-00473152 and as Dr. Blum mentioned, children tend to be in contact with dust more often than adults
0F2jdODNpno-01120-00473152-00473733 and also tend to mouth products more frequently, leading to those higher exposures.
0F2jdODNpno-01121-00473733-00474130 COMMISSIONER ADLER: I will now ask Commissioner Robinson
0F2jdODNpno-01122-00474130-00474506 if she has any further questions for Dr. Diamond?
0F2jdODNpno-01123-00474506-00474731 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Thank you, Commissioner Adler.
0F2jdODNpno-01124-00474731-00475097 I'm only going to follow up on what Dr. Balan said, Dr. Diamond,
0F2jdODNpno-01125-00475097-00475682 that you would be the more appropriate witness to ask this of, and as you know,
0F2jdODNpno-01126-00475682-00476500 we're being asked to ban an entire category or group of chemicals based on information we have
0F2jdODNpno-01127-00476500-00477059 about only a few of them and we're being asked to ban future products that fall
0F2jdODNpno-01128-00477059-00477464 within the category of non-polymeric additive organohalogens.
0F2jdODNpno-01129-00477464-00478074 And my question of you, given the fact that I'm not a scientist, is can you imagine
0F2jdODNpno-01130-00478074-00478414 that a product could be created that would fall into the category
0F2jdODNpno-01131-00478414-00479075 of non-polymeric additive organohalogen that would not have the same endpoints that these
0F2jdODNpno-01132-00479075-00479710 that we've studied do have in terms of the SBOC, the persistence of bio-accumulative,
0F2jdODNpno-01133-00479710-00480168 the hydrophobic aspect, and the resulting toxicity?
0F2jdODNpno-01134-00480168-00480839 DR. DIAMOND: And the quick answer to that is no and the reason is that the very --
0F2jdODNpno-01135-00480839-00481638 the properties that are favored for the compound to be a flame retardant are the same properties
0F2jdODNpno-01136-00481638-00482379 that lead to persistence bio-accumulative nature and potential toxicity.
0F2jdODNpno-01137-00482379-00482542 COMMISSIONER ROBINSON: Thank you.
0F2jdODNpno-01138-00482542-00482913 COMMISSIONER ADLER: At that, we are now going to take a break.
0F2jdODNpno-01139-00482913-00483683 We're actually ahead of time, miracle of miracles, and we will reconvene at 10:45.
0F2jdODNpno-01140-00483683-00483791 Thank you all so much.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00000-00000000-00001000 Over the last few months, I've seen others have success with chewing gum to make themselves hungry, so I thought I'd try it for myself.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00001-00001000-00001999 I woke up 14 hours after dinner, drank some water and began chewing.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00002-00002000-00003000 Almost immediately, the water started audibly moving through my tummy, so I started recording as I continued to chew.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00003-00003000-00004000 I stopped chewing after about 20 minutes when I felt my first hunger pang, however I didn't get any significant hunger growls.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00004-00004000-00005000 This is a recurring theme, and why the video title says "semi-successful" - I got plenty of tummy noises, just not the tummy noises I was hoping for.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00005-00005000-00006000 This first recording in particular is interesting because, at times, the grumbling sounds like low-pitched static noise.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00006-00006000-00007000 That's why I decided to upload these recordings despite the lack of proper hunger growls.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00007-00007000-00008000 In subsequent recording sessions, I did end up getting some hunger growls though, so not all is lost.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00008-00008000-00009000 Anyway, I'll shut up for now, enjoy!
0H9IDLTBUcY-00009-00178330-00179330 About 30 minutes after I'd finished the last recording, I started getting hunger pangs again, so I laid back down and started recording.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00010-00179330-00180330 I was able to record a few proper hunger growls this time, but nothing significant.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00011-00202080-00203080 This was the first proper hunger growl of the day.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00012-00219296-00220296 Here's the second one.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00013-00238546-00239546 Third growl incoming
0H9IDLTBUcY-00014-00239546-00240546 ...with a follow-up gurgle.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00015-00313406-00314406 I had a shower, and then prepared lunch (just some packet pasta, nothing fancy).
0H9IDLTBUcY-00016-00314406-00315406 But I didn't eat it straight away. I brought it with me into my room, laid down and started chewing a new piece of gum.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00017-00315406-00316406 I was hoping that actively chewing while being able to smell the pasta would help make me hungry again.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00018-00316406-00317406 Like in the first part, I mostly just got a lot of water gurgles. The gurgles are definitely more distinct in this one though, they sound much less like low-pitched noise.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00019-00317406-00318406 I did eventually start getting hunger pangs again about half-way through, some of which produced amazing growls!
0H9IDLTBUcY-00020-00318406-00319406 I'll speak up again when we get to those.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00021-00428430-00429430 This is where I started getting hunger pangs and stopped chewing.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00022-00460026-00461026 This is the first of several big growls I received during this wave.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00023-00508013-00509013 Another small hunger growl.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00024-00517160-00518160 Here comes an epic growl.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00025-00518160-00519160 This one in particular felt amazing, but my tummy wasn't done yet.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00026-00519160-00520160 There were two more amazing-feeling and great-sounding growls to come almost immediately.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00027-00522803-00523803 Here's the next one.
0H9IDLTBUcY-00028-00527053-00528053 And here's the last one...
0H9IDLTBUcY-00029-00528053-00529053 ...with its follow-up gurgle.
0InAe4xFS5u-00000-00000158-00000870 When Zeenat came to us, she had a  fractured hip and wounds on her leg.
0InAe4xFS5u-00001-00001079-00001391 She had been hit by a car...
0InAe4xFS5u-00002-00001391-00001743 ...and was in a pitiful condition.
0InAe4xFS5u-00003-00001743-00002005 Despite being in so much pain...
0InAe4xFS5u-00004-00002005-00002335 ...she remained very calm during her treatments.
0InAe4xFS5u-00005-00002457-00002767 Hazel had a similar story as well.
0InAe4xFS5u-00006-00002767-00003051 Her rescuers knew that she would not make it...
0InAe4xFS5u-00007-00003051-00003456 ...if she was left out on the streets.
0InAe4xFS5u-00008-00003456-00003778 They were unable to keep her with them...
0InAe4xFS5u-00009-00003778-00004260 ...which is why they got her here.
0InAe4xFS5u-00010-00004260-00004879 Zeenat got regular treatments till she recovered fully.
0InAe4xFS5u-00011-00004879-00005146 During that time, Hazel found a home.
0InAe4xFS5u-00012-00005146-00005485 Andrea from America decided to adopt her.
0InAe4xFS5u-00013-00005932-00006222 But due to flights not plying at that time...
0InAe4xFS5u-00014-00006222-00006571 ...we were not able to sent Hazel to  her forever home immediately.
0InAe4xFS5u-00015-00007404-00007720 During that time, Zeenat and Hazel  started becoming friends.
0InAe4xFS5u-00016-00007720-00008098 They became very close to each other.
0InAe4xFS5u-00017-00008098-00008660 They became best friends from the get  go, and loved playing with each other.
0InAe4xFS5u-00018-00008660-00009119 When Hazel's adopter found out about her best friend...
0InAe4xFS5u-00019-00009119-00009491 ...she decided to adopt both of them together!
0InAe4xFS5u-00020-00009491-00009806 She didn't want to separate them <3
0InAe4xFS5u-00021-00010085-00010593 She even made a new garden for both of them to play in!
0InAe4xFS5u-00022-00010593-00011037 She couldn't wait for them to come home!
0InAe4xFS5u-00023-00011037-00011358 After months of waiting, when flights started flying...
0InAe4xFS5u-00024-00011358-00011786 ...we sent Hazel and Zeenat to their new home!
0InAe4xFS5u-00025-00012100-00012577 They love their new family, garden and life!
0InAe4xFS5u-00026-00012577-00012797 Could things get any better? :)
0InAe4xFS5u-00027-00013626-00014115 It's not that while Hazel and Zeenat  were waiting to find a home...
0InAe4xFS5u-00028-00014115-00014517 ...other strays were not getting adopted...
0InAe4xFS5u-00029-00014517-00014878 ...because adoption is slowly becoming popular.
0InAe4xFS5u-00030-00014878-00015218 But breeders are still impregnating  dogs to sell their puppies...
0InAe4xFS5u-00031-00015218-00015603 ...and there are people still interested in buying breed dogs.
0InAe4xFS5u-00032-00015603-00016086 So, if more people start adopting  rather than buying dogs...
0InAe4xFS5u-00033-00016086-00016703 ...then maybe Hazel and Zeenat would have  found a home right here in India.
0InAe4xFS5u-00034-00016703-00017088 Let's make adoption a bigger trend  and remember that...
0InAe4xFS5u-00035-00017088-00017382 ...friends are made not bought!
0Jj5LhfDhxI-00001-00008483-00009160 ps foam sheet machine
0Jj5LhfDhxI-00002-00009593-00010296 ps foam forming machine
0Jj5LhfDhxI-00003-00010950-00011433 plastic recycle machine and Auxiliary equipment:
0Jj5LhfDhxI-00004-00011690-00012120 booster pump
0Jj5LhfDhxI-00005-00012213-00012679 air compressor
0Jj5LhfDhxI-00006-00012773-00015013 cooling tower/chiller
0Jj5LhfDhxI-00007-00015106-00016043 butane bottle
0Jj5LhfDhxI-00009-00022913-00024216 welcome message me on whatsapp
0KzWhOzGTOM-00000-00009624-00010288 set me free why do i baby why do i love the way you
0KzWhOzGTOM-00001-00011304-00011384 love the always
0KzWhOzGTOM-00002-00013344-00014184 so
0KzWhOzGTOM-00003-00025136-00025304 why do i baby why
0KzWhOzGTOM-00004-00026695-00028183 leave me why do i baby
0KzWhOzGTOM-00005-00028344-00029583 feelings
0KzWhOzGTOM-00006-00035280-00035872 yeah everybody knows that i'm breaking down everybody knows i ain't faking now everybody knows
0KzWhOzGTOM-00007-00035872-00036320 my heart's faking now yeah she hates me now i made mistakes but now i don't ever want to be alone i
0KzWhOzGTOM-00008-00036320-00036800 don't really ever feel at home on my own in the zone that's the only way i know feeling low about
0KzWhOzGTOM-00009-00036800-00037328 to blow back up don't ever let the doubt creep in gotta pop a couple more restaurants i don't think
0KzWhOzGTOM-00010-00037328-00037896 i'll ever let you in easier to break it off as friends i don't really understand myself i don't
0KzWhOzGTOM-00011-00037896-00040784 really understand need help i don't want to be left on the shelf couldn't even hear me outside
0KzWhOzGTOM-00012-00041016-00042184 oh
0KzWhOzGTOM-00013-00043360-00043768 but i never let it take me to that place now i won't never let my thoughts get away now i got
0KzWhOzGTOM-00014-00043768-00044200 better things to do picking fate now i just wanna be the best call me great now i don't know if i'm
0KzWhOzGTOM-00015-00044200-00044624 okay or insane now i remember better days on the playground hoping i could find my way even when
0KzWhOzGTOM-00016-00044624-00045160 i'm facing down i fight even when i don't know what is right i'ma pick a side and i'ma take pride
0KzWhOzGTOM-00017-00045160-00045624 i will decide my fate and i will never let them tell me who i am if you try to shake
0KzWhOzGTOM-00018-00045624-00046384 me i'll be damned planted on the ground is where i stand never give up that was always
0KzWhOzGTOM-00019-00046872-00047784 it's so cold outside
0KzWhOzGTOM-00020-00051384-00051984 do
0KzWhOzGTOM-00021-00054255-00054784 there are so many things
0KzWhOzGTOM-00022-00056824-00057584 is
0KzWhOzGTOM-00023-00059808-00060384 oh
0KzWhOzGTOM-00024-00062584-00063096 my heart rages around like an ocean in my
0KzWhOzGTOM-00025-00064744-00065984 is
0KzWhOzGTOM-00026-00067896-00068784 here
0KzWhOzGTOM-00027-00069328-00070184 so
0KzWhOzGTOM-00028-00071184-00071584 reality
0KzWhOzGTOM-00029-00074360-00075784 oh
0KzWhOzGTOM-00030-00078904-00079984 hello
0KzWhOzGTOM-00031-00080040-00081384 uh
0KzWhOzGTOM-00032-00082536-00082784 me
0KzWhOzGTOM-00033-00084536-00085584 uh
0KzWhOzGTOM-00034-00088384-00088392 you
0KzWhOzGTOM-00035-00089784-00089968 oh
0KA5ai1XA6o-00000-00000056-00000680 hello my name is Andrew Harvey and today I'll be talking about the lack of labiodentals in
0KA5ai1XA6o-00001-00000680-00001064 Ihanzu framed specifically as a result of contact with Hadza
0KA5ai1XA6o-00002-00001552-00002352 The F-31 Bantu languages of north central Tanzania Nyilamba and Ihanzu do not feature labiodentals
0KA5ai1XA6o-00003-00002352-00002840 this is remarkable in that all of the other languages of the intermediate genetic grouping
0KA5ai1XA6o-00004-00002840-00003488 to which Nyilamba and Ihanzu belong - the Takama branch - feature labiodentals robustly with a
0KA5ai1XA6o-00005-00003488-00004088 specific focus on Ihanzu this talk describes the lack of labiodentals in this language as a direct
0KA5ai1XA6o-00006-00004088-00004648 result of contact with the language isolate Hadza following a brief introduction to the
0KA5ai1XA6o-00007-00004648-00005232 Ihanzu language and its larger context the talk reviews the lexical comparative work in Masele
0KA5ai1XA6o-00008-00005232-00005792 2001 to establish that though every language of the Takama branch developed labiodentals
0KA5ai1XA6o-00009-00005792-00006328 independently either through sound changes or via the borrowing of lexical items Ihonzu did not
0KA5ai1XA6o-00010-00006392-00006816 this preservation of older structures is attributed to the existence of a parallel
0KA5ai1XA6o-00011-00006816-00007368 structure that is a lack of labiodentals in the phonemic inventory in the contact language Hadza
0KA5ai1XA6o-00012-00007456-00007904 in order to attribute this preservation of a system lacking labiodentals to contact
0KA5ai1XA6o-00013-00007904-00008424 with the language isolate Hadza which currently features the labiodental [f] the talk establishes
0KA5ai1XA6o-00014-00008424-00008936 the adoption of [f] as a relatively recent effect of Hadza contact with the south Cushitic language
0KA5ai1XA6o-00015-00008936-00009504 Iraqw and argues that at the time and place of relevant contact with Ihanzu Hadza did not feature
0KA5ai1XA6o-00016-00009504-00010024 this phoneme additional non-linguistic evidence of the nature of Ihanzu Hadza contact is provided
0KA5ai1XA6o-00017-00010024-00010568 from oral histories origin stories and descent patterns of both the Ihanzu speaker community
0KA5ai1XA6o-00018-00010568-00011096 and the Bantu-speaking peoples of the wider region in the context of this workshop the talk provides
0KA5ai1XA6o-00019-00011096-00011656 a clear-cut example of the effects of a non-Bantu language - Hadza - on the sound inventory of
0KA5ai1XA6o-00020-00011744-00012256 a Bantu language Ihanzu within the larger ecology of the complex interchanges occurring
0KA5ai1XA6o-00021-00012256-00012736 in the Tanzanian Rift Valley Area in addition the proposed contact is recent enough to serve
0KA5ai1XA6o-00022-00012736-00013240 as a concrete case study but also old enough that is pre-colonial to require recourse to
0KA5ai1XA6o-00023-00013240-00013696 linguistic and other non-direct methods of observation such as oral traditions
0KA5ai1XA6o-00024-00013896-00014560 to begin the Tanzanian Rift Valley Area delimited in Kießling, Mous, and Nurse's 2008 chapter
0KA5ai1XA6o-00025-00014560-00014991 roughly according to this red line is unique on the African continent
0KA5ai1XA6o-00026-00014991-00015576 in that it is the only place in which all four of Greenberg's 1955 language families are in contact
0KA5ai1XA6o-00027-00015576-00016047 and have been in contact for a long period of time Greenberg's four-fold division has
0KA5ai1XA6o-00028-00016047-00016536 most probably outlived its usefulness but the Tanzanian Rift Valley Area is still an incredibly
0KA5ai1XA6o-00029-00016536-00017160 important place for the study of language contact with representatives from Afroasiatic, Nilotic,
0KA5ai1XA6o-00030-00017160-00017752 Niger-Congo as well as the possibly Khoe-Kwadi language Sandawe and the language isolate Hadza
0KA5ai1XA6o-00031-00017816-00018168 in focusing on just a couple of these languages today it is hoped that we
0KA5ai1XA6o-00032-00018168-00018760 will get a good sense for the richness and complexity of this small part of East Africa
0KA5ai1XA6o-00033-00018856-00019400 Ihanzo is a Bantu language of Malcolm Guthrie's geographically-based F-group no dedicated language
0KA5ai1XA6o-00034-00019400-00019792 survey has been conducted to determine the number of Ihanzu speakers but the Languages of
0KA5ai1XA6o-00035-00019792-00020320 Tanzania Project estimated that in 2009 there were 26 000 speakers of the Ihanzu in total
0KA5ai1XA6o-00036-00020376-00020888 the Ihanzu have extensive oral accounts of a historical migration to their current homeland
0KA5ai1XA6o-00037-00020888-00021704 and often recall moving south often by or through Lake Nyanza (Victoria) the Ihanzu are notable in
0KA5ai1XA6o-00038-00021704-00022168 the Tanzanian Rift in that they are sedentary farmers and see themselves unambiguously as such
0KA5ai1XA6o-00039-00022168-00022664 as compared to other farming groups who prefer to identify as pastoralists with sorghum and
0KA5ai1XA6o-00040-00022664-00023184 more recently maize as important staple crops culturally the Ihanzu are renowned throughout
0KA5ai1XA6o-00041-00023184-00023592 the Rift Valley Area for their rain making an institutionalized practice that continues
0KA5ai1XA6o-00042-00023592-00024112 to this present day for an idea of what spoken Ihanzu sounds like i'll play a short recording
0KA5ai1XA6o-00043-00024112-00025384 of Samweli Issiah talking with John Kipimo about Ihanzu riddles as a literary and pedagogical genre
0KA5ai1XA6o-00044-00027992-00028512 the recording of this talk will be stored as part of WOCAL10 with the open science framework
0KA5ai1XA6o-00045-00028512-00028936 and I will also make the talk available on YouTube via the link displayed here
0KA5ai1XA6o-00046-00029464-00029936 returning to our map of the area I'd like to visualize the feature which we will be
0KA5ai1XA6o-00047-00029936-00030448 examining today that is the lack of a whole articulatory subclass of fricatives that is
0KA5ai1XA6o-00048-00030448-00031000 the labiodental fricatives the most relevant sounds for this area being [f] and [v] the
0KA5ai1XA6o-00049-00031000-00031624 most unambiguous example is Ihanzu but for at least three other languages - Hadza Sandawe and
0KA5ai1XA6o-00050-00031624-00032127 possibly also Nyilamba - the argument can be made that [f] and [v] are rare
0KA5ai1XA6o-00051-00032127-00032472 occur in recent borrowings only and are otherwise marginal sounds
0KA5ai1XA6o-00052-00032600-00033296 swapping our shapes for pins and changing our base map to Google maps an even more striking pattern
0KA5ai1XA6o-00053-00033296-00033864 emergence we find if we zoom out that the rest of the languages with which Ihanzu shares common
0KA5ai1XA6o-00054-00033864-00034560 predecessor - Takama - all have the phonemes [f] and [v] save Ihanzu and probably Nyilamba
0KA5ai1XA6o-00055-00034736-00035200 to begin the data seem to clearly show that Proto-Takama the predecessor to
0KA5ai1XA6o-00056-00035200-00035784 all the languages shown in this tree adapted from Masele 2001 did not possess any fricatives
0KA5ai1XA6o-00057-00035888-00036408 as each language patterns very differently in terms of where and what fricatives it displays
0KA5ai1XA6o-00058-00036408-00037016 for the reconstructed Proto-Bantu source lexeme in our first example showing the reflexes of the
0KA5ai1XA6o-00059-00037016-00037640 reconstructed Proto-Bantu word for "foam" we can see what looks like a neat division with Kimbu
0KA5ai1XA6o-00060-00037640-00038344 Nyamwezi and Sukuma developing the labiodental [f] and Ihanzu-Nyilamba retaining [p] based
0KA5ai1XA6o-00061-00038344-00038792 on a pattern like this alone we may think that Proto-Takama actually did have the labiodental
0KA5ai1XA6o-00062-00038864-00039416 our next example showing the reflexes of the reconstructed Proto-Bantu form for "ashes"
0KA5ai1XA6o-00063-00039416-00039968 begins to show us how the pattern is actually less neat with the Nyamwezi form developing a
0KA5ai1XA6o-00064-00039968-00040576 voiced labiodental and the Sukuma form developing a bilabial fricative this represents a specific
0KA5ai1XA6o-00065-00040576-00041128 form of palatalization which Masele shows applying specifically to Nyamwezi varieties only and we can
0KA5ai1XA6o-00066-00041128-00041928 compare the work of Labroussi in 1999 on Bantu specific palatalization our next example giving
0KA5ai1XA6o-00067-00041928-00042528 the reflexes for the reconstructed Proto-Bantu form "to fear" shows that the diversity of sound
0KA5ai1XA6o-00068-00042528-00043104 changes from Proto-Takama is similar for Nyaturu Ihanzu and Nyilamba each of these forms patterning
0KA5ai1XA6o-00069-00043104-00043704 differently and Nyaturu developing a labiodental [f] from the Proto-Bantu bilabial stop [b]
0KA5ai1XA6o-00070-00043832-00044352 in the next example we can see another labiodental in Nyaturu this time an [f] developing from a
0KA5ai1XA6o-00071-00044352-00044984 velar stop preceding a super close [u] sound Nyaturu is described by Masele as undergoing
0KA5ai1XA6o-00072-00044984-00045560 a group of special lenition processes markedly different from Sukuma and Nyamwezi resulting in
0KA5ai1XA6o-00073-00045560-00046256 its highly salient phonology sound changes aside labiodentals have also entered languages of the
0KA5ai1XA6o-00074-00046256-00046824 Takama branch by borrowing either from languages outside of Takama or from other languages within
0KA5ai1XA6o-00075-00046824-00047312 Takama itself Kimbu is a good example of this where the data shows that we don't see any
0KA5ai1XA6o-00076-00047312-00047784 of the consistency which would otherwise indicate the application of sound changes
0KA5ai1XA6o-00077-00047864-00048400 in the examples "foam" and "to fear" we see Kimbu patterning as Nyamwezi-Sukuma
0KA5ai1XA6o-00078-00048400-00049008 but with the example "ashes" we see Kimbu patterning with Nyaturu, Ihanzu and Nyilamba
0KA5ai1XA6o-00079-00049008-00049456 this leads Masele to conclude that Kimbu did not undergo any of the relevant sound changes
0KA5ai1XA6o-00080-00049456-00050080 from Proto-Takama but instead adopted many loans from other Takama languages which did especially
0KA5ai1XA6o-00081-00050080-00050736 from the Nyamwezi varieties the story then is that at some earlier point Kimbu would have had forms
0KA5ai1XA6o-00082-00050736-00051416 for "foam" and "ashes" more similar to the forms in Ihanzu and Nyilamba but then these forms were
0KA5ai1XA6o-00083-00051416-00052112 replaced by forms more similar to Nyamwezi and Sukuma due to intensive contact boring however
0KA5ai1XA6o-00084-00052112-00052848 did not introduce either [f] or [v] into Ihanzu as this final example illustrates within the
0KA5ai1XA6o-00085-00052848-00053512 Ihanzu-Nyilamba branch the form for grass [masaánsi] exists in one form or another for all
0KA5ai1XA6o-00086-00053512-00054208 varieties except for Ihanzu which uses the term [mapwa] it also seems like [masaánsi] isn't an
0KA5ai1XA6o-00087-00054208-00054808 innovation within Nyilamba in that it also exists in the geographically distant Kimbu language
0KA5ai1XA6o-00088-00054808-00055360 instead it looks like [mapwa] in Ihanzu is the result of a borrowing from geographically close
0KA5ai1XA6o-00089-00055360-00056008 Jinakiiya variety of Sukuma [mafa] the form is not simply borrowed into Ihanzu with the labiodental
0KA5ai1XA6o-00090-00056008-00056791 however it is instead adapted as [mapwa] to repair the illicit labiodental segment [f] reviewing what
0KA5ai1XA6o-00091-00056791-00057376 we have just seen data originally presented and analyzed in Masele 2001 shows us that Proto-Takama
0KA5ai1XA6o-00092-00057376-00057991 did not feature any fricatives including the labiodentals [f] and [v] and instead all of its
0KA5ai1XA6o-00093-00057991-00058504 daughter languages developed [f] and [v] through a series of more or less independent sound changes
0KA5ai1XA6o-00094-00058504-00058984 or through later borrowings of lexical items from languages which had undergone these sound changes
0KA5ai1XA6o-00095-00059072-00059536 except for Ihanzu and Nyilamba which did not undergo the sound changes resulting in the
0KA5ai1XA6o-00096-00059536-00060176 labiodentals [f] and [v] and also did not adopt [f] and [v] through borrowing as such the lack
0KA5ai1XA6o-00097-00060176-00060784 of [f] and [v] in Ihanzu and Nyilamba is in fact a case of retention from Proto-Takama and not a case
0KA5ai1XA6o-00098-00060784-00061416 of innovation but why the summary above might be a satisfactory explanation but it does not
0KA5ai1XA6o-00099-00061416-00061967 address the strikingly salient pattern that of all the Bantu languages of the genetic grouping
0KA5ai1XA6o-00100-00061967-00062567 and within the wider geographical spread only Ihanzu and Nyilamba do not feature labiodentals
0KA5ai1XA6o-00101-00062567-00063055 so the rest of this talk will proceed from this question entertaining a contact scenario as the
0KA5ai1XA6o-00102-00063055-00063576 result for why this has come about and though language contact is much more often discussed
0KA5ai1XA6o-00103-00063576-00064232 in the contact of in the context of it being an initiator or facilitator of sound change
0KA5ai1XA6o-00104-00064232-00064720 we do actually have some accounts of language contact as being an inhibitor of sound change
0KA5ai1XA6o-00105-00064776-00065288 take for example the case study of the Spanish as spoken in Majorca which is analyzed as having
0KA5ai1XA6o-00106-00065288-00065792 retained several features of earlier Spanish where other Spanish varieties lost these features due
0KA5ai1XA6o-00107-00065792-00066240 to the sound changes listed here in Majorcan Spanish the reason that these sound changes
0KA5ai1XA6o-00108-00066240-00066784 were blocked or diminished was that the same features of earlier Spanish are also present in
0KA5ai1XA6o-00109-00066784-00067424 contemporary Catalan a language with which Spanish speakers in Majorca would be in regular contact
0KA5ai1XA6o-00110-00067616-00068216 I'd like to propose that the same sort of dynamic applies to Ihanzu and Nyilamba all of the sound
0KA5ai1XA6o-00111-00068216-00068760 changes underwent in the surrounding Takama-branch Bantu languages including the palatalization and
0KA5ai1XA6o-00112-00068760-00069392 lenition processes noted above were blocked by the preservation of parallel structures of a language
0KA5ai1XA6o-00113-00069392-00070024 with which Ihanzu was in contact specifically this parallel structure would be the absence
0KA5ai1XA6o-00114-00070024-00070704 of labiodental fricatives [f] and [v] in the phonological inventory the specific contact
0KA5ai1XA6o-00115-00070704-00071392 language being the language isolate with which Ihanzu is geographically contiguous Hadza Hadza is
0KA5ai1XA6o-00116-00071392-00072072 spoken by between 1 000 and 6 000 people near Lake Eyasi and the speaker community has been a source
0KA5ai1XA6o-00117-00072072-00072640 of fascination for anthropologists and tourists for many years due to a subset of Hadza-speakers
0KA5ai1XA6o-00118-00072640-00073224 practicing a form of hunter-gatherer subsistence linguistically Hadza features a series of phonemic
0KA5ai1XA6o-00119-00073224-00073824 click consonants a rather free constituent order and very rich oral tradition for some idea of
0KA5ai1XA6o-00120-00073824-00074296 how Hadza sounds here's a quick recording of Mariamu Anyawire and Tumaini Njegela
0KA5ai1XA6o-00121-00077856-00078328 however in proposing Hadza as the language which has resulted in Ihanzu and Nyilamba
0KA5ai1XA6o-00122-00078328-00078632 not developing labiodentals we encounter one major problem
0KA5ai1XA6o-00123-00078752-00079088 and that being that Hadza does possess a labiodental fricative
0KA5ai1XA6o-00124-00079088-00079760 [f] so I'd now like to argue that the adoption of this phoneme into Hadza was a recent development
0KA5ai1XA6o-00125-00079944-00080456 after going through a version of Kirk Miller's manuscript of manuscript Hadza lexicon of the
0KA5ai1XA6o-00126-00080456-00080960 several thousand entries I managed to find 21 words containing [f] virtually all of
0KA5ai1XA6o-00127-00080960-00081536 these words are marked as possible loans and many of the remaining use [f] in a mimetic
0KA5ai1XA6o-00128-00081536-00082184 sense two words out of the 21 are probably from the group of Southern Nilotic languages known as
0KA5ai1XA6o-00129-00082184-00082816 Datooga and seven more are recognizable as borrowings from the South Cushitic Language Iraqw
0KA5ai1XA6o-00130-00082944-00083656 three further forms are not traceable to Iraqw but to its predecessor language Proto West Rift some
0KA5ai1XA6o-00131-00083656-00084216 forms even seem strikingly similar to Swahili or perhaps some other G-group Bantu language
0KA5ai1XA6o-00132-00084376-00085080 of the two remaining forms one is the name of a bird known as a drongo sometimes in English
0KA5ai1XA6o-00133-00085080-00085664 called the water bottle bird and is clearly onomatopoeic in form the remaining is also
0KA5ai1XA6o-00134-00085664-00086200 memetic this time an ideophone for something moving at speed the remaining five forms in
0KA5ai1XA6o-00135-00086200-00086824 the manuscript lexicon weren't listed as having any immediate obvious sources in other languages
0KA5ai1XA6o-00136-00086824-00087384 but I expect that with a bit of head-scratching these could also be resolved as borrowings as
0KA5ai1XA6o-00137-00087384-00087968 such we can conclude that Hadza does not feature [v] and until very recently featured [f] only as
0KA5ai1XA6o-00138-00087968-00088536 a marginal consonant or perhaps did not feature it at all this allows us to proceed on the assumption
0KA5ai1XA6o-00139-00088536-00089088 that the structure of the Hadza phonemic inventory could well have influenced Hadza and Nyilamba
0KA5ai1XA6o-00140-00089088-00089672 resulting in both of these languages contemporary lack of labiodentals the last piece of this puzzle
0KA5ai1XA6o-00141-00089672-00090264 is then to make the case for contact not just in terms of geographical proximity but also in
0KA5ai1XA6o-00142-00090264-00090896 terms of the kind of intense prolonged interaction required for two languages to impact one another
0KA5ai1XA6o-00143-00091048-00091408 the case for this kind of contact between the Ihanzu and Hadza speaker communities
0KA5ai1XA6o-00144-00091408-00091944 is actually not entirely uncontroversial to make this is because in most contemporary accounts the
0KA5ai1XA6o-00145-00091944-00092504 Hadzabe are often portrayed as geographically isolated and culturally homogeneous people
0KA5ai1XA6o-00146-00092584-00093144 experiences of contact are often either deliberately downplayed or erased of Blurton
0KA5ai1XA6o-00147-00093144-00093560 Jones' first quote I think the preceding parts of this talk have also made it clear
0KA5ai1XA6o-00148-00093560-00094200 that while the Hadza language is distinct it also bears witness to layer upon layer of contact with
0KA5ai1XA6o-00149-00094200-00094696 all of the neighbouring peoples of Blurton Jones' second quote I think that this is just plain
0KA5ai1XA6o-00150-00094696-00095184 inaccurate both in the context of the 20th century as well as the several centuries that preceded it
0KA5ai1XA6o-00151-00095320-00095808 moving on from the views of evolutionary anthropologists convincing evidence of this
0KA5ai1XA6o-00152-00095808-00096496 kind of intense prolonged contact for which we are looking appears again and again in Sanders' 2008
0KA5ai1XA6o-00153-00096496-00097008 ethnography of Ihanzu rainmaking it is mentioned that the Ihanzu an agricultural people have
0KA5ai1XA6o-00154-00097008-00097528 multiple accounts of fleeing to the forests during times of famine to live with the Hadzabe people
0KA5ai1XA6o-00155-00097528-00098040 who showed them how to hunt and gather wild foods until crops could be grown and harvested
0KA5ai1XA6o-00156-00098040-00098656 again this is the same sort of account given by the Jinyakiiya Sukuma community in an account
0KA5ai1XA6o-00157-00098712-00099272 recently given by Amani Lusekelo people who relied on agriculture to survive would integrate
0KA5ai1XA6o-00158-00099272-00099824 themselves into Hadza-speaking communities during famine perhaps associated with this
0KA5ai1XA6o-00159-00099824-00100480 is another concept in sanders work that of the title of anyaihᵼ an Ihanzu term meaning something
0KA5ai1XA6o-00160-00100480-00101104 like "owners of the land" Sanders explains that this title was given exclusively to two groups
0KA5ai1XA6o-00161-00101184-00101864 the Ihanzu hereditary rainmaker clan of the Anyampanda and the Hadzabe people this echoes
0KA5ai1XA6o-00162-00101864-00102368 the kind of dynamic described described in Gunnink et al. 2015 where early speakers of
0KA5ai1XA6o-00163-00102368-00102872 southwestern Bantu languages upon arriving in a new place are understood to have held the existing
0KA5ai1XA6o-00164-00102872-00103335 speaker communities in high regard especially for their familiarity with the local environment
0KA5ai1XA6o-00165-00103504-00104088 drawing clues from a neighbouring region of Tanzania Bender Shetler 2003's work on the oral
0KA5ai1XA6o-00166-00104088-00104728 histories of the peoples of South Mara reveal the centrality of their matrilineal descent patterns
0KA5ai1XA6o-00167-00104728-00105248 to both their history and to their legend the two of which are often difficult to disentangle
0KA5ai1XA6o-00168-00105320-00105840 ethnic origin stories are often framed in terms of a group of sisters traveling and
0KA5ai1XA6o-00169-00105840-00106383 fragmenting across new and unfamiliar land eventually encountering an unknown man who
0KA5ai1XA6o-00170-00106383-00107032 is skilled in hunting and making fire the marriage of this man and one of these sisters and the man's
0KA5ai1XA6o-00171-00107032-00107616 subsequent subordination to his wife is seen as the legendary beginning of the ethnic group
0KA5ai1XA6o-00172-00107720-00108304 Bender Shetler comments at length on the utility of matrilineal descent systems among groups in a
0KA5ai1XA6o-00173-00108304-00108904 frontier model of expansion which are well suited for the incorporation of outsiders who a slowly
0KA5ai1XA6o-00174-00108904-00109496 expanding agricultural people would encounter as they spread over generations across the land
0KA5ai1XA6o-00175-00109632-00110272 having read the accounts of local Ihanzu historian Onesmo Dadi the parallels are striking as much
0KA5ai1XA6o-00176-00110272-00110840 of his account also details the movement and spread of peoples across a new frontier land it
0KA5ai1XA6o-00177-00110840-00111280 should also be said that the Ihanzu people also practice matrilineal descent seeing
0KA5ai1XA6o-00178-00111344-00112048 children produced of mixed marriages as ethnically Ihanzu and as such it would not be surprising to
0KA5ai1XA6o-00179-00112048-00112535 learn that many Ihanzu-speaking children were born to men who spoke Hadza as their first language
0KA5ai1XA6o-00180-00112535-00113264 children would have learned the language of their mother that being Ihanzu to recapitulate then
0KA5ai1XA6o-00181-00113264-00113776 historical sources as well as anthropological evidence indicates intense contact between
0KA5ai1XA6o-00182-00113776-00114208 Ihanzu and Hadza speech communities with the possibility that Ihanzu communities
0KA5ai1XA6o-00183-00114208-00114656 incorporated significant numbers of Hada of speaking people over an extended period of time
0KA5ai1XA6o-00184-00114776-00115304 to conclude then through a series of different sound changes or through borrowing every language
0KA5ai1XA6o-00185-00115304-00115864 of the Takama branch features labiodental sounds [f] and [v] except for Ihanzu and Nyilamba which
0KA5ai1XA6o-00186-00115864-00116504 do not feature [f] or [v] in Ihanzu and Nyilamba sound changes resulting in [f] and [v] and other
0KA5ai1XA6o-00187-00116504-00117048 languages as well as zero adaptation of words with [f] and [v] were blocked by the lack of
0KA5ai1XA6o-00188-00117048-00117559 labiodentals in hanza another language which many members of the speaker communities knew
0KA5ai1XA6o-00189-00117632-00118183 at the time of the relevant Hadza-Ihanzu and -Nyilamba contact noted above Hadza did not
0KA5ai1XA6o-00190-00118183-00118783 possess labiodental consonants or labiodentals were highly marginal in the sound system
0KA5ai1XA6o-00191-00118783-00119200 the labiodental [f] in contemporary Hadza is the result of more recent
0KA5ai1XA6o-00192-00119200-00120583 contact with the South Cushitic language Iraq thank you and these are my references
0KA5ai1XA6o-00193-00121768-00121776 you
0KK8yEu3kzI-00000-00000944-00000952 AJO
0MsPmCRsZUU-00000-00000003-00000413 So I was playing some ranked Vayne game today, and before going into the actual
0MsPmCRsZUU-00001-00000413-00000888 game footage, I want to show you what happened. First look at the scores. Seems
0MsPmCRsZUU-00002-00000888-00001296 like an average game where you won two lanes and lost one, junglers were pretty
0MsPmCRsZUU-00003-00001296-00001760 useless on both sides and each team had their fed star players. Now look at the
0MsPmCRsZUU-00004-00001760-00002064 damage. Azir is clearly a problem for the enemy
0MsPmCRsZUU-00005-00002064-00002501 team, but let me tell you that they were diving his passive like idiots, so it's
0MsPmCRsZUU-00006-00002501-00003096 not like he was playing spectacularly well. I mean, 9.2 is good, but nothing you
0MsPmCRsZUU-00007-00003096-00003492 don't see every day. I was 7 zero at the end but my damage is
0MsPmCRsZUU-00008-00003492-00003960 nothing spectacular either. It's only 2k more damage than the enemy Ashe that
0MsPmCRsZUU-00009-00003960-00004719 ended 0.4.0. So how did we end up winning in 19.23 minutes?
0MsPmCRsZUU-00010-00004719-00005121 No one went afk, no one inted, nothing like that. We were
0MsPmCRsZUU-00011-00005121-00005511 able to turn a winning lane into a winning game, where I was serving as a
0MsPmCRsZUU-00012-00005511-00006003 shot caller for my team. You also have to do this. There's two crucial aspects for
0MsPmCRsZUU-00013-00006003-00006450 our win here, but let's take a look at the game. So normal farming situation
0MsPmCRsZUU-00014-00006450-00007004 with a bit of poke here and there and we get a gank that ends up in a kill.
0MsPmCRsZUU-00015-00007481-00007920 This actually freed Warwick to help out the other lanes and forget about bot
0MsPmCRsZUU-00016-00007920-00008302 for a while. I mean, a kill on Vayne this early is enough to bully your lane
0MsPmCRsZUU-00017-00008302-00008710 opponents, but I hadn't backed yet, so I play carefully and let my support do its
0MsPmCRsZUU-00018-00008710-00009085 job which is poking. I know Ashe has no summoners so we have all the killing
0MsPmCRsZUU-00019-00009085-00009529 potential on our side and we can still back off if need be. Ashe oversteps here
0MsPmCRsZUU-00020-00009529-00009931 greeding for two casters and my positioning seemed very harmless here,
0MsPmCRsZUU-00021-00009931-00010410 but she has no vision on the bush and my flash is up.
0MsPmCRsZUU-00022-00011368-00011836 Now I'm 3-0 and have a 10 CS lead. Lane won,  Ashe won't be a problem.
0MsPmCRsZUU-00023-00011836-00012283 We might even win 3v2 fights. So, what's the plan now? What should we do?
0MsPmCRsZUU-00024-00012283-00012700 Well, being that we have such a great advantage here in the bot lane, we'll try
0MsPmCRsZUU-00025-00012700-00013089 to kill them and get first tower before top does. He's winning his Lane and
0MsPmCRsZUU-00026-00013089-00013519 bullying Graves. Now the lane's pushing against us, which is good because it'll
0MsPmCRsZUU-00027-00013519-00013866 force Ashe and Janna to come forward if they want to farm. Janna goes into the
0MsPmCRsZUU-00028-00013866-00014224 bush and they think they're 1v1ing me when Brand is right behind me.
0MsPmCRsZUU-00029-00014224-00014622 The fight goes really badly for them and we now focus on getting the first tower
0MsPmCRsZUU-00030-00014622-00015519 before top does being that Darius is getting quite strong. Why not get Drake?
0MsPmCRsZUU-00031-00015519-00015931 Warwick was bot side and it would have been free with Ashe dead, but always
0MsPmCRsZUU-00032-00015931-00016441 prioritize first tower over a cloud Drake. We could have backed here, but mid
0MsPmCRsZUU-00033-00016441-00016891 was open and another tower was free. No jungler, Ashe bot,
0MsPmCRsZUU-00034-00016891-00017320 Janna low and Darius was under control with 2 top. This is what I don't see
0MsPmCRsZUU-00035-00017320-00017806 people doing: Look at who is where and prioritize free objectives. We could have
0MsPmCRsZUU-00036-00017806-00018331 easily stayed bot and killed Ashe  2v1, but why? For score? For damage output?
0MsPmCRsZUU-00037-00018331-00018898 This tower would go down and stay down! Ashe would just respawn. If you get an
0MsPmCRsZUU-00038-00018898-00019339 advantage in your lane, start thinking. After you kill your lane opponent, look
0MsPmCRsZUU-00039-00019339-00019750 at the status of your game. Where can you get something permanent? A tower?
0MsPmCRsZUU-00040-00019750-00020295 A dragon? Dismiss free kills and go for free objectives.
0MsPmCRsZUU-00041-00021324-00021776 Right here we managed to kill the bot lane again,
0MsPmCRsZUU-00042-00022609-00023090 but should we overextend bot while their jungler is alive? Why not take a free
0MsPmCRsZUU-00043-00023090-00023812 dragon, until we can figure out where their jungler is? We then take the
0MsPmCRsZUU-00044-00023812-00024271 opportunity to pressure bot and once we realize we're outnumbered, we rotate and
0MsPmCRsZUU-00045-00024271-00025162 join up another fed member to try and take yet another objective. They're
0MsPmCRsZUU-00046-00025162-00025531 committing to mistakes and this essentially allows us to get rift free,
0MsPmCRsZUU-00047-00025531-00026225 since they're forced to defend mid and bot at the same time. None of the
0MsPmCRsZUU-00048-00026225-00026719 objectives we took so far were contested or risky and that's all due to the fact
0MsPmCRsZUU-00049-00026719-00027313 that we had our lane won. Now look at the game: it's 17-9. It doesn't seem that far
0MsPmCRsZUU-00050-00027313-00027727 and won until you noticed that all their kills are on the Darius. Get him out of
0MsPmCRsZUU-00051-00027727-00028288 the picture and it's essentially a 17-1. Now look at this. The crucial moment of
0MsPmCRsZUU-00052-00028288-00028900 the game: We have two towers, a 4k gold advantage. The minute is 17:22. The game
0MsPmCRsZUU-00053-00028900-00029587 will finish at 19:23 without a surrender but a full-on nexus siege. How? Objective
0MsPmCRsZUU-00054-00029587-00030169 priority and rotation. We have a glorified positioning here, which allows
0MsPmCRsZUU-00055-00030169-00030581 us to take yet another free tower. Darius had just backed, which gave us free time
0MsPmCRsZUU-00056-00030581-00030988 to poke Janna out of the lane and Azir's tower here prevented any flanking from
0MsPmCRsZUU-00057-00030988-00031463 Shaco. We didn't greed dive for a 0.4.0 Ashe which couldn't defend
0MsPmCRsZUU-00058-00031463-00031982 herself, we simplified it and took down the tower permanently. Darius is actually
0MsPmCRsZUU-00059-00031982-00032363 a bad champion versus our team, because he needs to get close to be effective or
0MsPmCRsZUU-00060-00032363-00032869 he'll be able to shine in a 1v1 scenario. But as a team with two fed people which
0MsPmCRsZUU-00061-00032869-00033322 can easily push him away... Well, it's sad, and he's literally the only dangerous
0MsPmCRsZUU-00062-00033322-00033728 one. We still had our rift which would tank for us and we forced it down mid,
0MsPmCRsZUU-00063-00033728-00034102 without diving using our advantage.
0MsPmCRsZUU-00064-00034727-00035192 The moment Darius oversteps, we commit to killing him and the game is essentially
0MsPmCRsZUU-00065-00035192-00035573 over here. We don't care about top pushing, we can take more and more
0MsPmCRsZUU-00066-00035573-00036188 objectives. No one cared about Janna and Ashe here, I mean, look they're being
0MsPmCRsZUU-00067-00036188-00036614 ignored. They're literally useless bugs here and the towers are going all the
0MsPmCRsZUU-00068-00036614-00037007 way down. By using the advantage to rotate and take objectives rather than
0MsPmCRsZUU-00069-00037007-00037421 getting more kills and milking out a won lane, we were able to finish a game
0MsPmCRsZUU-00070-00037421-00037973 in 19 minutes with a very unimpressive 22-9 score. Take your time to think about
0MsPmCRsZUU-00071-00037973-00038378 what and where you can be useful for your team's global objectives, instead of
0MsPmCRsZUU-00072-00038378-00038822 your own personal score and watch your win rate blow upwards. I hope this video
0MsPmCRsZUU-00073-00038822-00039170 helped you out. If you liked it then please it would help me a lot if you
0MsPmCRsZUU-00074-00039170-00039455 clicked on that like button and if you know that you have a few friends that
0MsPmCRsZUU-00075-00039455-00039824 are in trouble and their technical capacities are good, they're getting fed
0MsPmCRsZUU-00076-00039824-00040175 blah blah blah, but they're not winning their games, please share this video with
0MsPmCRsZUU-00077-00040175-00040681 them. I think it will help them out a ton. Sakeios Out!
0pGgs8XUHrM-00000-00000137-00000583 Pelle: Hello and welcome to breakfast with Pelle, Daniel,and the Working Class History
0pGgs8XUHrM-00001-00000583-00000745 book. My name isPelle.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00002-00000745-00001240 Daniel: And my name is Daniel, and we're a son andfather who like to read Working Class
0pGgs8XUHrM-00003-00001240-00001787 History: Everyday Acts of Resistance and Rebellion. Oftentogether while we eat breakfast.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00004-00001787-00002365 Pelle: We usually start by one of us reading out the entries for that dayand then asking
0pGgs8XUHrM-00005-00002365-00002865 each other questions and thinking about what those events mean to us today. We'reoften
0pGgs8XUHrM-00006-00002865-00003098 unfamiliar with the event or with context,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00007-00003098-00003623 but we always end the conversation feeling alittle bit wiser.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00008-00003623-00004201 Daniel: For the Anarchist Pedagogies Network festival, School Revolt 2022,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00009-00004201-00004545 we thoughtwe'd share some of those conversations with you.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00010-00004746-00007691 [interlude - background sound: the noise of preparing breakfast and coffee]
0pGgs8XUHrM-00011-00007719-00008437 Daniel: Okay, hi everyone. Today it's March 14th, andwe're gonna read the two entries
0pGgs8XUHrM-00012-00008437-00008956 from Working Class History for that particular day. So do youwant-- Do you want to read it
0pGgs8XUHrM-00013-00008956-00009121 Pelle, or should I?
0pGgs8XUHrM-00014-00009121-00009807 Pelle: Uh, you, you. Daniel: Okay, yeah, so March 14th, 1970. That'sfour
0pGgs8XUHrM-00015-00009807-00010126 years before I was born.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00016-00010136-00010752 "Two sailors, Alvin Glatkowski and Clyde McKay, mutinied to protest the war and took control
0pGgs8XUHrM-00017-00010752-00011372 of the SS Columbia Eagle, which was carrying ten thousand tons of napalm for the US military
0pGgs8XUHrM-00018-00011372-00012000 in Vietnam. They then sailed the ship to Cambodia, which was neutral at the time, to prevent
0pGgs8XUHrM-00019-00012007-00012509 the cargo being used. Initially, they appeared
0pGgs8XUHrM-00020-00012509-00012663 to have succeeded,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00021-00012663-00013243 as the Cambodian government agreed to their demands and gave them asylum. But, unfortunately
0pGgs8XUHrM-00022-00013243-00013453 for the mutineers, just days later, there was
0pGgs8XUHrM-00023-00013453-00013935 a military coup, and a new pro-US regime took power.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00024-00013935-00014626 Glatkowski and McKay were locked up and the ship handed back to US forces. McKay managed to
0pGgs8XUHrM-00025-00014626-00015229 escape from prison and joined Khmer Rouge guerillas in the countryside. The guerillas later killed him.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00026-00015229-00015748 Glatkowski eventually returned to the US and was jailed for ten years."
0pGgs8XUHrM-00027-00015748-00016270 Pelle: What's a coup? Daniel: So, yeah, this... So, it talksabout
0pGgs8XUHrM-00028-00016270-00016484 a military coup. It's basically, in
0pGgs8XUHrM-00029-00016484-00016950 this case, where the military take over for maybea variety of reasons, but they take
0pGgs8XUHrM-00030-00016950-00017254 over control (Pelle: Take over governments?)
0pGgs8XUHrM-00031-00017254-00017753 Yeah, basically, yeah. And then usually whathappens is there's a period where the military controls
0pGgs8XUHrM-00032-00017753-00018276 things and then another, um, let's say government steps in, right?
0pGgs8XUHrM-00033-00018276-00018376 (Pelle: Yeah.)
0pGgs8XUHrM-00034-00018376-00018917 So it describes the other government as a"pro-US regime," so you know it wouldn't have been,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00035-00018917-00019351 like, voted in but probably people put into government.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00036-00019351-00019571 (Pelle: Yeah.)
0pGgs8XUHrM-00037-00019665-00021856 Pelle: (in Norwegian) They took over the ship that was going to bomb somewhere. And they
0pGgs8XUHrM-00038-00021856-00022665 took over the ship they were going to bomb with
0pGgs8XUHrM-00039-00022665-00023379 Pelle: (in Norwegian) And they steered it away, they stopped it, because napalm is a
0pGgs8XUHrM-00040-00023379-00024484 very extreme way to die (Daniel: Yeah, exactly.)
0pGgs8XUHrM-00041-00024484-00025480 They thought... that's why they didn't want it to happen because it's too unbelievable
0pGgs8XUHrM-00042-00025480-00025761 Daniel: Yeah, I mean, I'm thinking just, like. therisk they took then, right? So they take
0pGgs8XUHrM-00043-00025761-00026412 over this military ship, right? Like you say it's-- Like, it says "10,000 tons of napalm."
0pGgs8XUHrM-00044-00026412-00026908 Pelle: (in Norwegian) that's a lot. Daniel: Yeah, and it's on its way to Vietnam, uh,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00045-00026908-00027505 that's kind of one of the-- If you like the wars that, you know, it's kind of well-known
0pGgs8XUHrM-00046-00027505-00027877 for-- (Pelle: Napalm?) Yeah, and its use or the US use of napalm.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00047-00027877-00028288 It's been used other places, but... But it's particularly well-known there. (Pelle: Yeah.)
0pGgs8XUHrM-00048-00028288-00028506 And how uh, how destructive it was.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00049-00028506-00028816 Pelle: (in Norwegian) It's one of the most well-known wars.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00050-00028816-00029127 Daniel: Yeah, so they took over the ship. You know,that's kind of a risk, you know,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00051-00029127-00029227 they risked
0pGgs8XUHrM-00052-00029227-00029583 being like court martialed. Maybe even,like I'm assuming, like sentenced to
0pGgs8XUHrM-00053-00029583-00029799 death as well. Could be like the-- the punishment.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00054-00029799-00030458 Pelle: (in Norwegian) Yes, because it was legal... it's still legal to be sentenced
0pGgs8XUHrM-00055-00030458-00030826 to death in America now.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00056-00030826-00031151 Daniel: Yeah, there are somestates in the US that have that.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00057-00031151-00031489 Pelle: (in Norwegian) Yes, and here it was all of them, almost. Yes, it was all of them
0pGgs8XUHrM-00058-00031489-00032245 at that time. So they took a huge risk doing it. It was very brave. That they dared to
0pGgs8XUHrM-00059-00032245-00032345 do it.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00060-00032345-00032761 Daniel: That's right. Actually, um, WorkingClass History have a podcast on this.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00061-00032761-00033175 Pelle: (in Norwegian) About this? Daniel: Yeah, if you look closely in the book,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00062-00033175-00033362 you can see there's a little reference.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00063-00033362-00033886 Um, which I listened to, uh, a while back. It wasreally interesting. And yeah, obviously,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00064-00033886-00034488 it took some planning as well so the two who-- who carriedthis out, you know, took a long
0pGgs8XUHrM-00065-00034488-00034829 time. They were very careful in how they... how they did this.And they had like a pretty
0pGgs8XUHrM-00066-00034829-00034984 good plan in place.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00067-00034984-00035531 Um, yeah, very kind of very dangerous, but um...Also incredible, you know. Thinking
0pGgs8XUHrM-00068-00035531-00036453 about like putting out... in a way, out of action all those... all that... all that napalm.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00069-00036453-00036690 Because we've talked a littlebit about napalm, right?
0pGgs8XUHrM-00070-00036690-00036902 (Pelle verbally indicates yes.)
0pGgs8XUHrM-00071-00036902-00037450 Um, yeah. Um, I can't remember what connection it was in, but when maybe... when we've talked
0pGgs8XUHrM-00072-00037450-00037969 about Vietnambefore. Pelle: Yeah, yeah... (in Norwegian). How deadly
0pGgs8XUHrM-00073-00037969-00038890 napalm is. How it's such an incredibly bad way to die. It's very painful.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00074-00038890-00039770 Daniel: Yeah. Oh yeah, I mean it's like a, um... It's likethey call it like a petrochemical.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00075-00039770-00039870 It's like...
0pGgs8XUHrM-00076-00039870-00040037 It's like petrol or gasoline, right? (Pelle: Yeah.)
0pGgs8XUHrM-00077-00040037-00040422 But it burns like at a much higher temperature and uh...
0pGgs8XUHrM-00078-00040422-00040950 Like, so it destroys a lot more, and it's also, I think, like kind of... like sticky,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00079-00040950-00041355 if you can describe it in that way.So it sticks to things when it burns them.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00080-00041355-00041812 And of course that includes people, right? Uh,and other animals. So it's it's just
0pGgs8XUHrM-00081-00041812-00041912 really...
0pGgs8XUHrM-00082-00041912-00042365 Pelle: (in Norwegian) So it's not just people who die, there's lots of animals lives that
0pGgs8XUHrM-00083-00042365-00042634 are completely wiped out.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00084-00042634-00043053 Daniel: Yeah. I mean, a lot of this was, like,dropped in. Like, I think in, like uh... forest or
0pGgs8XUHrM-00085-00043053-00043603 jungle areas. (Pelle: forests) Yeah so like, yeah,you destroy, like, huge parts of the...
0pGgs8XUHrM-00086-00043603-00044159 of the landscape, essentially, with this with these... with these bombs.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00087-00044425-00045302 Pelle: (in Norwegian) Maybe we should move on to March 14 2018?
0pGgs8XUHrM-00088-00045417-00045998 Daniel: Yeah good idea. Soyeah, March 14th, 2018. It says here:
0pGgs8XUHrM-00089-00045998-00046562 "Marielle Franco, a bisexual Afro-Brazilian socialist and feminist was assassinated in
0pGgs8XUHrM-00090-00046562-00046780 Rio de Janeiro. Raised in a
0pGgs8XUHrM-00091-00046780-00047355 favela (or shanty town) in the city, she began work at the age of eleven, and later raised
0pGgs8XUHrM-00092-00047355-00047455 a daughter
0pGgs8XUHrM-00093-00047455-00047890 as a single mother working for the minimum wage, before being elected to the city council
0pGgs8XUHrM-00094-00047890-00048171 in 2016.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00095-00048171-00048681 The day before her murder, she had spoken out against extrajudicial killings by police
0pGgs8XUHrM-00096-00048681-00049253 and paramilitaries. The bullets that killed her had been purchased by the federal police.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00097-00049253-00049681 The minister of public security claimed that the bullets were stolen from a post office,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00098-00049681-00049781 but this
0pGgs8XUHrM-00099-00049781-00050324 lie was retracted when the post office publicly stated it was untrue.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00100-00050324-00050796 At the time of writing, four suspects have been arrested for the murder, all with ties
0pGgs8XUHrM-00101-00050796-00051068 to state security forces, and two of them
0pGgs8XUHrM-00102-00051068-00051688 with links to the family of right-wing president Jair Bolsonaro. Another suspect, a former
0pGgs8XUHrM-00103-00051688-00051788 police
0pGgs8XUHrM-00104-00051788-00052205 officer, was shot and killed by police in February 2020, as they were attempting to
0pGgs8XUHrM-00105-00052205-00052752 arrest him."
0pGgs8XUHrM-00106-00052752-00053091 So yeah, this takes place in Rio deJaneiro in Brazil.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00107-00053091-00053354 Pelle: (in Norwegian) Yes, in 2018, not so long ago.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00108-00053354-00053712 Daniel: That's right, yeah.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00109-00053750-00054732 Pelle: Is it exactly four years ago? Daniel: Exactlyfour years ago, yeah. Um...
0pGgs8XUHrM-00110-00054732-00055113 Pelle: On this day?
0pGgs8XUHrM-00111-00055113-00055654 Daniel: A really tragic story of somebody who I think wasvery well liked in, uh, the
0pGgs8XUHrM-00112-00055654-00055757 city by a lot of people,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00113-00055757-00056222 particularly in the area where she came from... these these shanty towns in and around the city.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00114-00056287-00057180 Um, so yeah. And then of course, being killed shortlyafter speaking out against, you know,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00115-00057180-00057301 the kinds
0pGgs8XUHrM-00116-00057301-00057821 of, like, crimes that are committed by... by uh... bythe state police, the federal
0pGgs8XUHrM-00117-00057821-00058000 police.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00118-00058261-00058963 We've also... we've talked about this one before because I remember we we talked a little
0pGgs8XUHrM-00119-00058963-00059151 bit about this... this aboutthe bullets. (Pelle: Yeah.) You remember that?
0pGgs8XUHrM-00120-00059151-00059900 Pelle: Yeah. (in Norwegian) That those that were used were shot by some people who aren't
0pGgs8XUHrM-00121-00059900-00060000 the police
0pGgs8XUHrM-00122-00060000-00060401 Pelle: (in Norwegian) But (Daniel: Or maybe. We don't know, right?)
0pGgs8XUHrM-00123-00060401-00061083 We don't know, but the ammo itself was from the police, who maybe they stole it from,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00124-00061083-00061668 we don't know, from the post office.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00125-00062222-00062771 Daniel: Okay, so, remember the thing that you once asked me about this one was...
0pGgs8XUHrM-00126-00062771-00063230 yousaid, "Well, of course the post office would say that they weren't stolen," and I
0pGgs8XUHrM-00127-00063230-00063684 thought like... Ithought it would be different to you because my first response was like...
0pGgs8XUHrM-00128-00063684-00063984 well, no, if they were stole-- if they were stolen, okay, that would be
0pGgs8XUHrM-00129-00063984-00064139 fine, but here the post office says no, this is alie.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00130-00064139-00064650 (Pelle: Yeah.) You kind of had this interesting point which is maybe not that relevant hereto
0pGgs8XUHrM-00131-00064650-00064857 the... to the, uh, entry. But...
0pGgs8XUHrM-00132-00064857-00065291 Pelle: They probably have... (in Norwegian) yes, they have to say that in a way.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00133-00065291-00065960 Daniel: Yeah. Why do you think they have to... Pelle: (in Norwegian) So they don't look bad.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00134-00065960-00066969 So people don't think they have poor security, that people can just take things, simply.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00135-00067000-00067301 Daniel: Yeah, I mean, I think here what's especially kind oftragic with this is, you
0pGgs8XUHrM-00136-00067301-00067460 know, like somebody who's
0pGgs8XUHrM-00137-00067460-00067970 clearly, like, very much kind of engaged in politics--local politics trying to make
0pGgs8XUHrM-00138-00067970-00068204 things better, right?
0pGgs8XUHrM-00139-00068204-00068648 And you know, basically that... You know, she's she's risking her life
0pGgs8XUHrM-00140-00068648-00069098 for doing it. And of course, she ends uplosing her life-- or being murdered, right?
0pGgs8XUHrM-00141-00069098-00069588 Because of taking a stand and becauseof trying to make things better.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00142-00069588-00069692 Yeah.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00143-00070347-00071045 Okay, well, that's-- Those are the two entriesfor today, right? March 14th. Um, I guess we'll,
0pGgs8XUHrM-00144-00071045-00071379 uh read-- go through March 15th tomorrow.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00145-00071417-00071727 Pelle: Yeah.There was some long ones today.
0pGgs8XUHrM-00146-00071727-00071911 Daniel: Yeah. They were.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00000-00000008-00000108 John: Good morning Hank, It's Tuesday.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00001-00000108-00000518 So on Friday, Rosianna and I left the magic and awesome of NerdCon: Stories to head up
0RXZO3gL-1g-00002-00000518-00000905 to Princeton, Minnesota, where I raced cars on a dirt track against best-selling author
0RXZO3gL-1g-00003-00000905-00001141 and all around awesome person Maggie Stiefvater.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00004-00001141-00001509 So Hank, an IndyCar driver I know once told me that in racing the only thing more dangerous
0RXZO3gL-1g-00005-00001509-00001819 than being too aggressive is being too cautious.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00006-00001819-00002199 Which is an observation that I think applies to more than just racing, and while I'm certainly
0RXZO3gL-1g-00007-00002199-00002651 an uncommonly anxious person, I don't think of myself as an overly cautious one.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00008-00002651-00002959 So I was feeling kinda excited as we arrived at the Princeton Speedway.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00009-00002959-00003272 I mean at no point did I actually think I could win the race but I did think I could,
0RXZO3gL-1g-00010-00003272-00003652 like, finish it without being pulled out of a burning vehicle which as it turned out was
0RXZO3gL-1g-00011-00003652-00003754 overly optimistic.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00012-00003754-00004143 Took my first ever ride in a four-wheeler to my race car which belonged to a 17-year-old,
0RXZO3gL-1g-00013-00004143-00004243 hence its number.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00014-00004243-00004441 My coach for the evening was his dad, Alan.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00015-00004441-00004798 And special shoutout to Alan's kids, my pit crew, ten year old Allison and eight year
0RXZO3gL-1g-00016-00004798-00004898 old Aaron.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00017-00004898-00005269 My first lesson was getting in and out of the car, which as you can see is ridiculously
0RXZO3gL-1g-00018-00005269-00005369 difficult.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00019-00005369-00005714 Hank, I need to linger on this shot for a moment because I want you to understand how
0RXZO3gL-1g-00020-00005714-00006132 hard it is to get out of these cars even when they are not on fire.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00021-00006132-00006588 Also, I want you to notice my excellent Eleanor and Park t-shirt, which I got at dftba.com.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00022-00006588-00006856 So Alan's an experienced race car driver and an excellent coach.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00023-00006856-00007013 Alan: You don't want to jump up on the throttle...
0RXZO3gL-1g-00024-00007013-00007388 John: He explained to me at least a dozen times that coming out of the corner, I would
0RXZO3gL-1g-00025-00007388-00007752 feel an urge to over-correct the steering and/or let off the throttle and that giving
0RXZO3gL-1g-00026-00007752-00008250 into that urge would be a significant mistake and I was able to remember that advice for,
0RXZO3gL-1g-00027-00008250-00008482 like, five-and-a-half laps of actual racing.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00028-00008482-00008842 Put on my smoking hot fire suit, my helmet, a pair of gloves, and then Maggie showed up
0RXZO3gL-1g-00029-00008842-00009050 with her awesome car with its awesome license plate.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00030-00009050-00009432 And then after an impossibly beautiful sunset came to Princeton, I belted myself in for
0RXZO3gL-1g-00031-00009432-00009649 our first of three scheduled races.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00032-00009649-00009984 Maggie jumped out to a lead, and she was faster than me and also a much better driver, but
0RXZO3gL-1g-00033-00009984-00010406 my car turned really well in the dirt and its power was exciting and intoxicating and
0RXZO3gL-1g-00034-00010406-00010671 I was just trying to keep up with her but then I thought, "You know, maybe I could drive
0RXZO3gL-1g-00035-00010671-00010950 alongside of her and really make a race out of this."
0RXZO3gL-1g-00036-00010950-00011271 And then on the fifth lap coming out of turn four, I felt an urge to correct the steering
0RXZO3gL-1g-00037-00011271-00011425 and yeah...
0RXZO3gL-1g-00038-00011425-00011853 The speedway staff got to me very quickly and although I could feel the heat of the
0RXZO3gL-1g-00039-00011853-00012492 fire in my back and legs, they kept me calm and pulled me out and I was fine, but I'm
0RXZO3gL-1g-00040-00012492-00012592 not going to lie, Hank, it was terrifying.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00041-00012592-00012984 But then they fixed the problem with the car and for some reason, I decided to get back
0RXZO3gL-1g-00042-00012984-00013084 in it.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00043-00013084-00013493 In fact, I won the second heat - more precisely, Maggie let me win - and I got a trophy and
0RXZO3gL-1g-00044-00013493-00013912 everything and then we raced for a third time and Maggie dominated me so thoroughly that
0RXZO3gL-1g-00045-00013912-00014494 the regular pro-drivers at the speedway asked to take her on and she beat them as well!
0RXZO3gL-1g-00046-00014494-00014838 So Maggie won the race, but I caught fire and didn't get hurt, which felt very much
0RXZO3gL-1g-00047-00014838-00014968 like, you know, some kind of winning.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00048-00014968-00015359 And late that night as I tried to sleep, I kept playing the race back in my mind: me
0RXZO3gL-1g-00049-00015359-00015790 doing precisely the thing I'd been told not to, the heat of the flames against my back,
0RXZO3gL-1g-00050-00015790-00016215 my panicked hands as I tried to unbuckle the belts, the smoky relief of being pulled from
0RXZO3gL-1g-00051-00016215-00016315 the car.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00052-00016315-00016448 There are of course smart risks.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00053-00016448-00016878 The proper line to run through life is somewhere between extreme caution and extreme aggression,
0RXZO3gL-1g-00054-00016878-00017040 but this wasn't one of them.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00055-00017040-00017439 That said, Hank, I have to confess that I am proud to have lost to Maggie, but not to
0RXZO3gL-1g-00056-00017439-00017539 myself.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00057-00017539-00017778 But in the end, Hank, I think I'm going to use this occasion to announce my retirement
0RXZO3gL-1g-00058-00017778-00017885 from race car driving.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00059-00017885-00018162 I'm headed back to the grandstands where I belong.
0RXZO3gL-1g-00060-00018162-00018295 Hank, I'll see you on Friday.
0TRBRlW8dyU-00000-00000390-00000764 And I'm going to show you how to clip a chickens wings
0TRBRlW8dyU-00001-00000764-00001100 We sell lots of chickens every day and can clip your chickens wings for you
0TRBRlW8dyU-00002-00001100-00001800 But if you ever need to clip their wings again, we've made this video to help
0TRBRlW8dyU-00003-00003631-00004089 You just clip the one wing so that it unbalances them, and means they can't fly
0TRBRlW8dyU-00004-00004089-00004586 As you can see in the photo, you want to cut the first 10 or Primary feather
0TRBRlW8dyU-00005-00004586-00004870 Along the line of feathers covering them
0TRBRlW8dyU-00006-00004870-00005570 up to the gap where the secondary feathers start
0TRBRlW8dyU-00007-00006191-00006891 You might want to ask someone to hold the wing out for you
0TRBRlW8dyU-00008-00006893-00007467 You then just cut the Primary feathers along the line of shorter feathers, up to where the secondary feathers start
0TRBRlW8dyU-00009-00007467-00007763 Once again just cutting the Primary Feathers along the line of shorter feathers
0TRBRlW8dyU-00010-00007763-00007995 Up to where the secondary feathers start
0YWFHurMtRE-00000-00000085-00000321 International short stories volume to
0YWFHurMtRE-00001-00000373-00001031 English stories, this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain
0YWFHurMtRE-00002-00001111-00001533 for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org
0YWFHurMtRE-00003-00001755-00001955 Recording by lynn thompson
0YWFHurMtRE-00004-00002074-00002444 international short stories volume 2 english stories
0YWFHurMtRE-00005-00002500-00002700 edited by William Paton
0YWFHurMtRE-00006-00002740-00002914 section 22
0YWFHurMtRE-00007-00002914-00003300 the lamas preaching by SR Crockett and
0YWFHurMtRE-00008-00003390-00003870 I further intimate said the minister that I will preach this evening at
0YWFHurMtRE-00009-00003910-00004589 cultures and my text will be from the ninth chapter of the book of Ecclesiastes and the tenth verse
0YWFHurMtRE-00010-00004698-00005060 Whatsoever thy hand find it to do do it with thy might?
0YWFHurMtRE-00011-00005143-00005720 Save us said Janet McTaggart. He's clean forgotten if it be the Lord's well
0YWFHurMtRE-00012-00005764-00006035 Maybe he'll be fergan whether it's as wool or no
0YWFHurMtRE-00013-00006094-00006401 He's a ser masterful man the minister
0YWFHurMtRE-00014-00006401-00006995 But when he comes for the mockers and comes little about the jealous God we have among the hills of Galilee
0YWFHurMtRE-00015-00007033-00007598 The minister continued in the same high level tone in which he did his preaching
0YWFHurMtRE-00016-00007672-00008472 There are a number of sluggards who lay the weight of their own laziness on the almighty saying I am a worm and no man
0YWFHurMtRE-00017-00008515-00008729 How should I strive with my maker?
0YWFHurMtRE-00018-00008809-00009096 Whenever they are at strife with their own sluggishness
0YWFHurMtRE-00019-00009165-00009701 There will be a word for all such this evening at the farm town of cold shorts
0YWFHurMtRE-00020-00009772-00010037 presently occupied by Gilbert mckissick
0YWFHurMtRE-00021-00010102-00010338 public worship to begin at seven o'clock
0YWFHurMtRE-00022-00010432-00011222 The congregation of bonacic Kirk tumbled amicably over its own heels with eagerness to get into the kirkyard
0YWFHurMtRE-00023-00011260-00011705 In order to settle the momentous question whose back was he on the day
0YWFHurMtRE-00024-00011767-00012360 Robert Kirk case thorn had a package of peppermint lozenges in the crown of his lung hat
0YWFHurMtRE-00025-00012382-00012875 deep owned true by Elizabeth Douglas or bar in Bamberger II
0YWFHurMtRE-00026-00012919-00013541 Whose husband William now put on the Hat at the aforesaid will kirk by mistake for his own
0YWFHurMtRE-00027-00013621-00014138 Whereupon the peppermints fell to the floor and rolled under the pews in most unseemly fashion
0YWFHurMtRE-00028-00014278-00014835 Elizabeth Kirk is of opinion that this should be brought to the notice of session she herself
0YWFHurMtRE-00029-00014851-00015374 Always taking her peppermint while gently wiping her mouth with the corner of her handkerchief
0YWFHurMtRE-00030-00015451-00015791 Robert Kirk on being put to the question admits the fact
0YWFHurMtRE-00031-00015813-00016179 But says that it was his wife put them there to be near at hand
0YWFHurMtRE-00032-00016294-00016766 The minister however ready with his word brought him to shame by saying Oh
0YWFHurMtRE-00033-00016819-00017588 Robert Robert that was just what Adam said the woman thou gavest me she gave me to eat
0YWFHurMtRE-00034-00017653-00018228 The aforesaid Robert Kirk thinks that it is meddling with the original Hebrew to apply this
0YWFHurMtRE-00035-00018280-00018764 peppermints and also says that Elizabeth Kirk is an impotent BISM and
0YWFHurMtRE-00036-00018835-00019104 Furthermore that as all the country world knows
0YWFHurMtRE-00037-00019228-00019694 Here the chronicler omits much matter actionable in the civil courts of the realm
0YWFHurMtRE-00038-00019972-00020570 Janet said the minister to his housekeeper I am to preach tonight at cold shores on the texts
0YWFHurMtRE-00039-00020641-00021035 Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do do it with thy might? I?
0YWFHurMtRE-00040-00021106-00021369 Can said Janet I saw it on your desk
0YWFHurMtRE-00041-00021369-00022116 I patted to blow the cock for fear the ones a heaven nic blow. It away like chaff, and you couldn't adieu wanting it
0YWFHurMtRE-00042-00022186-00022883 Janet McTaggart said the minister tartly bring in the dinner and do not meddle with what does not concern you?
0YWFHurMtRE-00043-00023002-00023495 Janet could not abide red sermons her natural woman rose against them
0YWFHurMtRE-00044-00023530-00023901 she knew as she had said that God was a jealous God and
0YWFHurMtRE-00045-00023962-00024408 With a regard to the minister. She looked upon herself as his vice regent
0YWFHurMtRE-00046-00024535-00024998 He's young and terrible Ram Stan and opinionated for a book player
0YWFHurMtRE-00047-00025015-00025503 But with little gracious experience for all that the root of the matters in him
0YWFHurMtRE-00048-00025558-00025847 said Janet not on hopefully, I'm
0YWFHurMtRE-00049-00025906-00026141 Going to preach a cultures and my pets
0YWFHurMtRE-00050-00026170-00026970 Whatsoever thy hand find it to do do it with thy might said the minister to the priests enter that afternoon on the man's doorstep
0YWFHurMtRE-00051-00027061-00027533 The Lord's know in our pit box. I'll gang with allowed myself
0YWFHurMtRE-00052-00027610-00028280 Said the priests enter now Galloway is so much out of the world that the Almighty has not there lifted his hand
0YWFHurMtRE-00053-00028308-00028941 From reward and punishment from guiding and restraining as he has done in big towns
0YWFHurMtRE-00054-00028941-00029141 Where everything goes by machinery?
0YWFHurMtRE-00055-00029208-00029898 Man may say that there is no God when he only sees a handbreadth of smoky heaven between the chimney pots
0YWFHurMtRE-00056-00029926-00030495 But out on the fields of oats and bear and up on the squeeze of the hillsides
0YWFHurMtRE-00057-00030529-00031314 Where the mother granite sticks her bleaching ribs through the Heather men have reached great assurance on this and other matters
0YWFHurMtRE-00058-00031399-00032057 The burns were running red with the mighty July rain when Douglass McClellan's started over the meadows and moors
0YWFHurMtRE-00059-00032092-00032427 To preach his sermon at the farm town of cold shores
0YWFHurMtRE-00060-00032500-00032985 He had thanked the Lord that morning in his opening prayer for the bounteous rain
0YWFHurMtRE-00061-00033028-00033398 Wherewith he had seen meat to refresh his weary heritage
0YWFHurMtRE-00062-00033481-00033634 His congregation
0YWFHurMtRE-00063-00033634-00034307 Silently acquiesce for what said they could a man from the mappers be expected to Ken about meadow, hay
0YWFHurMtRE-00064-00034414-00034769 When the minister and the presenter got to the foot of the man slowly
0YWFHurMtRE-00065-00034825-00035552 They came upon the parish NER do well EB kerbin who kept himself in employment by constantly scratching his head
0YWFHurMtRE-00066-00035608-00036338 Trying to think of something to do and whose clothes were constructed on the latest sanitary principles of ventilation
0YWFHurMtRE-00067-00036433-00036771 The ruins of eby's hat were usually tipped over one eye
0YWFHurMtRE-00068-00036823-00037148 for enlarged facilities of scratching in the rear
0YWFHurMtRE-00069-00037207-00037545 If it should well Minister. I'll come to hear you the night
0YWFHurMtRE-00070-00037627-00037988 Is drawing to may rain? I'm thinking said the Scarecrow
0YWFHurMtRE-00071-00038043-00038098 I
0YWFHurMtRE-00072-00038098-00038708 Hope the discourse may be profitable to you ever Nisa for as I intimated this morning
0YWFHurMtRE-00073-00038709-00038913 I am to preach from the text
0YWFHurMtRE-00074-00038971-00039347 Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do do it with thy might? I?
0YWFHurMtRE-00075-00039424-00040182 Minister said EB relieving his right hand and tipping his hat over the other eye to give his left hand replay
0YWFHurMtRE-00076-00040269-00040691 So the three struck over the fields making for the thorn tree at the corner
0YWFHurMtRE-00077-00040741-00041157 Where Robert Kurtz Dyke dipped into the sandy water of the meadow?
0YWFHurMtRE-00078-00041338-00041688 Do you think you can manage it mr., McClelland said the presenter
0YWFHurMtRE-00079-00041740-00042497 You're what halfway up the leg already and the sacks feet of black moss water in the lane burn as sure as I'm leaving Sal
0YWFHurMtRE-00080-00042588-00042788 added EB Curtin
0YWFHurMtRE-00081-00042813-00043148 I'm to preach a cultures and my text is
0YWFHurMtRE-00082-00043188-00043808 Whatsoever thy hand find it to do do it with thy might said the minister stubbornly glooming
0YWFHurMtRE-00083-00043849-00044400 From under the eaves of his eyebrows as the swarthy men from the math as I want to do
0YWFHurMtRE-00084-00044469-00044669 His companion said no more
0YWFHurMtRE-00085-00044758-00045471 They came to camel an Lane where usually Robert Kirk had a leaping pole on either bunk to assist the traveler across
0YWFHurMtRE-00086-00045505-00045953 But both poles had gone down the water in the morning to look for Robert's meadow hey
0YWFHurMtRE-00087-00046047-00046688 Take care mr.. McClelland. You'll be in deep water for you. Can oh, man you had far better turn
0YWFHurMtRE-00088-00046801-00047462 The presenter stood up to his knees in water on what had once been the bank and wrung his hands
0YWFHurMtRE-00089-00047503-00047978 but the minister pushed steadily ahead into the turbid and sluggish water I
0YWFHurMtRE-00090-00048084-00048488 Cannot come or I cannot come for I'm a man that has a family
0YWFHurMtRE-00091-00048511-00049109 It's not your work. Stay where you are quite the minister without looking over his shoulder but as for me. I'm
0YWFHurMtRE-00092-00049183-00049506 Intimated to preach this night a cold shores and my text
0YWFHurMtRE-00093-00049609-00050403 Here he stepped into a deep hole and his text was suddenly shut within him by the gurgle of moss water in his throat
0YWFHurMtRE-00094-00050469-00050693 His arms rose above the surface
0YWFHurMtRE-00095-00050755-00051353 Like the black spars of a windmill, but EB kerbin scold himself swiftly out
0YWFHurMtRE-00096-00051405-00051902 Swinging with his shoeless feet and pushed the minister before him to the further bank
0YWFHurMtRE-00097-00051940-00052469 The water gushing out of rents in his clothes as easily as out of the gills of fish
0YWFHurMtRE-00098-00052641-00053013 The minister stood with unshaken confidence on the bank he
0YWFHurMtRE-00099-00053052-00053486 Ran Pete water like a spout in a thunder plum and black
0YWFHurMtRE-00100-00053516-00054075 Whew, let's have died were trickling from under his hat down his brow and dripping from the end of his nose
0YWFHurMtRE-00101-00054199-00054399 Then you'll not come any further
0YWFHurMtRE-00102-00054457-00054657 He called across to the presenter
0YWFHurMtRE-00103-00054672-00055370 I cannot all I canna though I'm most awful Wilin Percy would never forgive me again. I was Droon
0YWFHurMtRE-00104-00055482-00056021 Then I'll in have to raise the true myself though three times Kilmarnock is a pity
0YWFHurMtRE-00105-00056074-00056307 said the minister turning on his feel and
0YWFHurMtRE-00106-00056364-00056576 striding away through the shallow sea
0YWFHurMtRE-00107-00056635-00057083 Splashing the water as high as his head with a kind of headstrong glee
0YWFHurMtRE-00108-00057114-00057473 Which seemed to the presenter a direct defiance of Providence?
0YWFHurMtRE-00109-00057586-00057872 EB kurgan followed half a dozen steps behind
0YWFHurMtRE-00110-00057922-00058604 the support of the presenters lay semi equality taken from him he began to regret that he had come and
0YWFHurMtRE-00111-00058651-00059147 Silently and ruefully plunged along after the minister through the waterlogged Meadows
0YWFHurMtRE-00112-00059229-00059637 They came in time to the foot of Robert Kirk's March. Dyke and
0YWFHurMtRE-00113-00059688-00060242 Skirted it a hundred yards upward to avoid the deep pool in which the Lanna burn waters were swirling
0YWFHurMtRE-00114-00060330-00060665 The minister climbed silently up the seven-foot bike
0YWFHurMtRE-00115-00060732-00061250 pausing a second on the top to balance himself for his leap to the other side as
0YWFHurMtRE-00116-00061297-00061742 He did so he be curb and saw that the Dyke was swaying to the fall
0YWFHurMtRE-00117-00061782-00062099 Having been weakened by the rush of water on the farther side
0YWFHurMtRE-00118-00062202-00062798 He ran instantly at the minister and gave him a push with both hands, which caused mr.
0YWFHurMtRE-00119-00062800-00063132 McLelland to alight on his feet clear of the falling stones
0YWFHurMtRE-00120-00063241-00063729 The Dyke did not so much for outward a settle down in its own ruins
0YWFHurMtRE-00121-00063816-00064247 EB fell on his face among the stones with the impetus of his own eagerness
0YWFHurMtRE-00122-00064401-00065138 He arose however quickly only limping slightly from what he called a bit check on the leg between two stones
0YWFHurMtRE-00123-00065232-00065864 That was a merciful Providence a benissa said the minister solemnly. I hope you are doing thankful
0YWFHurMtRE-00124-00065992-00066353 Dad I am that reply DB scratching his head vigorously
0YWFHurMtRE-00125-00066408-00066824 With his right hand and rubbing his leg with his left g'day
0YWFHurMtRE-00126-00066876-00067289 Nagini you that dunch you might a preaching Nana coach roses necks
0YWFHurMtRE-00127-00067336-00067748 They now cross the fairly level Cloverfield dark and laid with wet
0YWFHurMtRE-00128-00067800-00068294 The scent of the clover rose to their nostrils and almost overpowering force
0YWFHurMtRE-00129-00068367-00068909 There was not a breath of air the sky was blue and the sun shining
0YWFHurMtRE-00130-00068964-00069692 Only a sullen roar came over the hill sounding in the silence like the rush of a train over a faraway viaduct
0YWFHurMtRE-00131-00069772-00070422 what is that queried the minister stopping to listen Phoebe took a brisk side long look at him, I'm
0YWFHurMtRE-00132-00070545-00071003 Some dude 'some that'll be the sky boom coming down off a cans Muir
0YWFHurMtRE-00133-00071076-00071561 The minister tramped unconcernedly on EB kurgans stared at him
0YWFHurMtRE-00134-00071623-00071867 He kind of came what a sky boom warning is
0YWFHurMtRE-00135-00071907-00072377 He'll be thinking it some bit macaws burn and the lad said there were Leigh Mills in
0YWFHurMtRE-00136-00072429-00073010 But he'll turn writing up when he sees trouble roaring reading the plumbers flood. I'm thinking
0YWFHurMtRE-00137-00073068-00073472 They took their way over the shoulder of the hill in the beautiful evening
0YWFHurMtRE-00138-00073506-00074000 Leaning eagerly forward to get the first glimpse of the cause of that deep and resonant roar
0YWFHurMtRE-00139-00074064-00074696 In a moment they saw below them a narrow rock called Valley ten or fifteen yards across
0YWFHurMtRE-00140-00074739-00074954 Filled to the brim with rushing water
0YWFHurMtRE-00141-00075012-00075377 It was not black Pete water like the camel in Lake
0YWFHurMtRE-00142-00075414-00075504 But it ran
0YWFHurMtRE-00143-00075504-00076271 Red as keel flecks now and then with a revolving white blur as one of the cold shows sheep spun downward to the sea
0YWFHurMtRE-00144-00076329-00076706 With four black feet turned pitifully up to the blue sky
0YWFHurMtRE-00145-00076816-00077016 EB looked at the minister
0YWFHurMtRE-00146-00077035-00077216 He'll turn now if he's mortal
0YWFHurMtRE-00147-00077216-00077951 he said but the minister held on he looked at the water up and down the roaring stream on a hill above the
0YWFHurMtRE-00148-00077994-00078533 Farmer of cultures having driven all his remaining sheep together sat down to watch
0YWFHurMtRE-00149-00078627-00078977 Seeing the minister he stood up and excitedly waved him back
0YWFHurMtRE-00150-00079023-00079676 But Douglas McClellan from the mockers never gave him a look and his shouting was of less effect
0YWFHurMtRE-00151-00079695-00079976 Than if he had been crying to an untrained collie
0YWFHurMtRE-00152-00080218-00080989 The minister looked long up the stream and as a point where the rocks came very close together and many stunted Pines were growing
0YWFHurMtRE-00153-00081008-00081786 He saw one which having stood on the immediate brink had been so much undercut that it leaned over the gully like a fishing rod
0YWFHurMtRE-00154-00081836-00082509 With a keen glance along its length the minister jamming his dripping soft felt hat on the back of his head
0YWFHurMtRE-00155-00082550-00083338 Was setting foot on the perilous slope of the uneven red-brown trunk when eb kurgan caught him sharply by the arm
0YWFHurMtRE-00156-00083423-00084001 It's not for me to speak to a minister at all new times. He simmered gathering courage in his desperation
0YWFHurMtRE-00157-00084058-00084480 But oh man, it's fair murder to tried to gang all that water
0YWFHurMtRE-00158-00084563-00085158 the minister wrenched himself free and sprang along the trunk with wonderful agility i'm
0YWFHurMtRE-00159-00085316-00085543 Intimated to preach a cold show this night
0YWFHurMtRE-00160-00085543-00086239 And my text is whatsoever thy hand findeth to do do it with thy might he shouted
0YWFHurMtRE-00161-00086264-00086820 He made his way up and up the slope of the fir tree which having little grip of the rock
0YWFHurMtRE-00162-00086852-00087060 dipped and swayed under his tread
0YWFHurMtRE-00163-00087137-00087423 EB kurgan fell on his knees and prayed aloud
0YWFHurMtRE-00164-00087476-00088080 He had not prayed since his stepmother boxed his ears for getting into bed without saying his prayers twenty years ago
0YWFHurMtRE-00165-00088148-00088894 This had set him against it, but he prayed now and to infinitely more purpose than his minister had recently done
0YWFHurMtRE-00166-00089002-00089724 But when the climber had reached the branch atop and was striving to get a few feet father in order to clear the surging line'
0YWFHurMtRE-00167-00089750-00089948 Before he made his spring
0YWFHurMtRE-00168-00089948-00090343 EB rose to his feet leaving his prayer unfinished
0YWFHurMtRE-00169-00090398-00090678 He sent forth an almost animal shriek of Terror
0YWFHurMtRE-00170-00090761-00091219 the tree roots cracked like breaking cables and slowly gave way an
0YWFHurMtRE-00171-00091298-00092028 Avalanche of stones plumped into the world and the top of the FIR crashed downwards on the rocks of the opposite bank oh
0YWFHurMtRE-00172-00092132-00092772 Man call on the name of the Lord cried EB curtain the ragged preacher at the top of his voice
0YWFHurMtRE-00173-00092942-00093244 Then he saw something detach itself from the tree as it
0YWFHurMtRE-00174-00093277-00093750 Rebounded and for a moment rise and fall all black against the sunset
0YWFHurMtRE-00175-00093827-00094212 Then EB the outcasts fell on his face like a dead man
0YWFHurMtRE-00176-00094508-00094915 In the white coverlet his room of the farm town of cold shows a
0YWFHurMtRE-00177-00094928-00095466 white face lad laying with his eyes closed and a wet cloth on his brow a
0YWFHurMtRE-00178-00095531-00096169 Large boned red cheeked motherly woman's soul to and fro with a foot as light as a fairy
0YWFHurMtRE-00179-00096236-00096640 The sleeper stirred and tried to lift an unavailing hand to his head
0YWFHurMtRE-00180-00096740-00097197 The mistress of cold shows stalled to his bedside as he opened his eyes
0YWFHurMtRE-00181-00097271-00097609 She laid a restraining hand on him as he strove to rise
0YWFHurMtRE-00182-00097757-00098434 Let me up said the minister. I must away for I'm intimated to preach at cultures and my text is
0YWFHurMtRE-00183-00098504-00098874 Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do do it with thy might?
0YWFHurMtRE-00184-00098960-00099630 My bonny man said the Good Wife tenderly you'll preach best on the broader you back this money a day
0YWFHurMtRE-00185-00099659-00100392 And when you rise your best text will be he sent from above he took me and drew me out of many waters
0YWFHurMtRE-00186-00100640-00100974 End of section 22
0ZDDHWma30I-00000-00000085-00000682 Paula Wishart: Welcome to the University of Michigan's student to student discussion today,
0ZDDHWma30I-00001-00000682-00000900 and we're really pleased to have you join us.
0ZDDHWma30I-00002-00000900-00001246 My name is Paula Wishart, and I work here at Rackham Graduate School.
0ZDDHWma30I-00003-00001246-00001453 I'll be moderating the panel today.
0ZDDHWma30I-00004-00001453-00001807 Joining me today are six current Michigan students who will share their insights with
0ZDDHWma30I-00005-00001807-00002287 you on the transition to U of M. Also joining is Natalie Bartolacci who will be moderating
0ZDDHWma30I-00006-00002287-00002445 the questions you send us online.
0ZDDHWma30I-00007-00002445-00002613 You can send a question anytime.
0ZDDHWma30I-00008-00002613-00002771 Let me let Natalie introduce herself.
0ZDDHWma30I-00009-00002771-00003123 Natalie Bartolacci: Hi, I'm Natalie Bartolacci, and I head up the student development area
0ZDDHWma30I-00010-00003123-00003290 here at Rackham Graduate School.
0ZDDHWma30I-00011-00003290-00003679 We're really pleased to have you join us today, and we hope to see many of you at Rackham's
0ZDDHWma30I-00012-00003679-00003961 follow up information fair on August 29th.
0ZDDHWma30I-00013-00003961-00004061 Paula: A little plug there.
0ZDDHWma30I-00014-00004061-00004580 I also want to add that we held a discussion like this earlier this summer for international
0ZDDHWma30I-00015-00004580-00004839 students, and a recording of that conversation is also available.
0ZDDHWma30I-00016-00004839-00005136 We're going to begin with an opening question.
0ZDDHWma30I-00017-00005136-00005638 For this opening question, we're going to ask the students to introduce themselves and
0ZDDHWma30I-00018-00005638-00005853 share their perspectives on this question.
0ZDDHWma30I-00019-00005853-00006175 From there, we'll continue with the questions that we have here, and the questions that
0ZDDHWma30I-00020-00006175-00006409 you send us live.
0ZDDHWma30I-00021-00006409-00006509 Let's start.
0ZDDHWma30I-00022-00006509-00006904 When you think about your first week here at U of M, what were the things you remember
0ZDDHWma30I-00023-00006904-00007004 most?
0ZDDHWma30I-00024-00007004-00007168 Kyle Southern: I'm Kyle Southern.
0ZDDHWma30I-00025-00007168-00007636 I'm a third-year doctoral student in the higher education program here at Michigan.
0ZDDHWma30I-00026-00007636-00007865 I'm originally from North Carolina.
0ZDDHWma30I-00027-00007865-00008565 In thinking about those first few days and weeks on campus, what strikes me is that I
0ZDDHWma30I-00028-00008565-00008919 had been working for several years after my master's program.
0ZDDHWma30I-00029-00008919-00009465 Coming here, having to adjust back into being a student, there was a bit of a transition
0ZDDHWma30I-00030-00009465-00009565 in that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00031-00009565-00010053 I was very used to going home at five or six or seven o'clock, and not having to worry
0ZDDHWma30I-00032-00010053-00010212 about work anymore.
0ZDDHWma30I-00033-00010212-00010859 Coming to graduate school, you're in class or doing meetings most of the day, and then
0ZDDHWma30I-00034-00010859-00011231 nighttime is really a good time to do reading and preparation for the next day.
0ZDDHWma30I-00035-00011231-00011355 Adjusting to that was definitely a transition.
0ZDDHWma30I-00036-00011355-00011996 I also was trying to take care of the practical side of life, so where was I going to get
0ZDDHWma30I-00037-00011996-00012564 my groceries, or go to the bank, where to get my hair cut, all those kinds of things.
0ZDDHWma30I-00038-00012564-00013172 It was good to speak with my colleagues, with other students who were a few years ahead
0ZDDHWma30I-00039-00013172-00013713 of me, with faculty and other folks who are close to me in the school of education, to
0ZDDHWma30I-00040-00013713-00014043 get ideas on where to take care of those things.
0ZDDHWma30I-00041-00014043-00014476 That was a process for me of navigating both the transition to academic life, but also
0ZDDHWma30I-00042-00014476-00014681 to life in Ann Arbor.
0ZDDHWma30I-00043-00014681-00015237 Chukwuka Mbagwu: My name is Chukwuka Mbagwu, and I usually go by Chuky.
0ZDDHWma30I-00044-00015237-00016037 I'm a rising third-year student in aerospace engineering, and I come from Riverside, California.
0ZDDHWma30I-00045-00016037-00016637 I think one of the things that really stuck in my memory the first weeks that I came to
0ZDDHWma30I-00046-00016637-00017014 Missions campus, was just the amount of people that were here.
0ZDDHWma30I-00047-00017014-00017481 It was such a lively environment when I stepped on the campus, because from my previous institution,
0ZDDHWma30I-00048-00017481-00017698 this school's actually four times bigger.
0ZDDHWma30I-00049-00017698-00018269 For a second seemed somewhat intimidating, but it was really great to see a lot of people
0ZDDHWma30I-00050-00018269-00018741 just out and about, see the great sports culture for the homecoming games and things like that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00051-00018741-00019100 It was a really good experience, different experience for me, but something that expanded
0ZDDHWma30I-00052-00019100-00019280 my horizons a little bit.
0ZDDHWma30I-00053-00019280-00019387 Paula: Thanks, Chuky.
0ZDDHWma30I-00054-00019387-00019487 Miguel?
0ZDDHWma30I-00055-00019487-00019604 Miguel: My name is Miguel.
0ZDDHWma30I-00056-00019604-00019881 I am from Mexico.
0ZDDHWma30I-00057-00019881-00020555 I'm a second year Master in OEC at the Ford School of [inaudible 03:23] . When I arrived
0ZDDHWma30I-00058-00020555-00020953 to Ann Arbor, it was surprising for me to find a really warm weather.
0ZDDHWma30I-00059-00020953-00021740 I was expecting a dry place or, I don't know, I wasn't expecting doing the jungle...
0ZDDHWma30I-00060-00021740-00021840 [laughter]
0ZDDHWma30I-00061-00021840-00021958 Miguel: ...and that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00062-00021958-00022526 There is a lot of nature and so many places where -- incredible when I arrived in August
0ZDDHWma30I-00063-00022526-00022986 and I think the weather will be pretty similar this year.
0ZDDHWma30I-00064-00022986-00023776 Yeah, that was the great memory I have from Ann Arbor, finding something really un-expectable
0ZDDHWma30I-00065-00023776-00023876 for the first week.
0ZDDHWma30I-00066-00023876-00023976 Kristye Russell: Hi.
0ZDDHWma30I-00067-00023976-00024190 My name is Kristye Russell and I'm from Louisville, Kentucky.
0ZDDHWma30I-00068-00024190-00024828 I am a fourth year Doctorate of Pharmacy student.
0ZDDHWma30I-00069-00024828-00025585 What I remember most about the first few weeks being here at U of M was, one, it was busy.
0ZDDHWma30I-00070-00025585-00026160 Because I was trying to transition back into school and going to classes, taking quizzes,
0ZDDHWma30I-00071-00026160-00026650 because we had quizzes in the first week of my program.
0ZDDHWma30I-00072-00026650-00027088 But also, just all the events that were going on that allowed me to get to know people on
0ZDDHWma30I-00073-00027088-00027361 campus as well as the people in my program.
0ZDDHWma30I-00074-00027361-00028174 Just getting to know my classmates and building the relationships and friendships.
0ZDDHWma30I-00075-00028174-00028274 Katy Peplin: My name is Katy.
0ZDDHWma30I-00076-00028274-00028596 I am a rising fourth year in Experience Arts and Cultures PhD program.
0ZDDHWma30I-00077-00028596-00029049 What I remember most from my first couple of weeks here is I was actually a Michigan
0ZDDHWma30I-00078-00029049-00029586 undergrad, so I was expecting to come back to the campus and have full mastery.
0ZDDHWma30I-00079-00029586-00030193 I remember coming back and everything was different, there were new buildings, there
0ZDDHWma30I-00080-00030193-00030599 were new people, there were new offices to go to, and feeling really disoriented when
0ZDDHWma30I-00081-00030599-00030941 I was ready to feel very confident.
0ZDDHWma30I-00082-00030941-00031386 I wish that I would have taken time to figure out where my classes were before the first
0ZDDHWma30I-00083-00031386-00031769 day, because they were in a whole new building, and I had no idea where I was going.
0ZDDHWma30I-00084-00031769-00032225 Supraja Damotharan: Hi, everybody, I'm Supraja and I'm from India.
0ZDDHWma30I-00085-00032225-00032605 I am also a student in the Financial Engineering program.
0ZDDHWma30I-00086-00032605-00032958 The next semester is going to be final semester.
0ZDDHWma30I-00087-00032958-00033622 The first few weeks that I came to University of Michigan, the biggest feeling was I kind
0ZDDHWma30I-00088-00033622-00034181 of felt lost because I was here by the month of June, which is pretty early and there are
0ZDDHWma30I-00089-00034181-00034368 not many students around campus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00090-00034368-00034897 It's a huge campus and you have to find your way.
0ZDDHWma30I-00091-00034897-00035166 Every turn I took, I forgot which route I took.
0ZDDHWma30I-00092-00035166-00035427 I would stop everybody on the way and ask them.
0ZDDHWma30I-00093-00035427-00035946 Nobody would know, but they would be kind enough to stop and use their smartphones and
0ZDDHWma30I-00094-00035946-00036486 Google Maps and guide me in the right...I did not have a smartphone.
0ZDDHWma30I-00095-00036486-00036586 That was very helpful.
0ZDDHWma30I-00096-00036586-00036712 That's the biggest thing I remember.
0ZDDHWma30I-00097-00036712-00037219 The first few weeks I did not have housing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00098-00037219-00037568 That was a big worry for me at that time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00099-00037568-00037800 But I did manage to find housing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00100-00037800-00038427 The thing is that I got to know a lot of people who still did not have housing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00101-00038427-00039031 If you don't have housing, you don't need to panic is what I realized at that point.
0ZDDHWma30I-00102-00039031-00039180 You have choices.
0ZDDHWma30I-00103-00039180-00039827 It's not like you are going to be stuck in a really bad place.
0ZDDHWma30I-00104-00039827-00039927 That was one thing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00105-00039927-00040436 Then, since I am an international student I have never been away from home, stayed at
0ZDDHWma30I-00106-00040436-00040709 home all my life.
0ZDDHWma30I-00107-00040709-00041052 This was kind of like being alone for the first time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00108-00041052-00041521 It was nice, but I was homesick as well a bit.
0ZDDHWma30I-00109-00041521-00041621 [laughs]
0ZDDHWma30I-00110-00041621-00042124 Then meeting so many people from so many different countries, it felt like, "Oh, my God.
0ZDDHWma30I-00111-00042124-00042487 This is why I came to University of Michigan, to experience the diversity."
0ZDDHWma30I-00112-00042487-00042699 It's here in Michigan.
0ZDDHWma30I-00113-00042699-00043390 Paula: We've heard some of the things about making that transition logistically that first
0ZDDHWma30I-00114-00043390-00043490 week.
0ZDDHWma30I-00115-00043490-00044238 What sort of advice would any of you offer about that arrival on campus?
0ZDDHWma30I-00116-00044238-00044811 Chukwuka: I definitely have a couple of things.
0ZDDHWma30I-00117-00044811-00044925 Housing was also mentioned earlier.
0ZDDHWma30I-00118-00044925-00045449 I think that for all students it's really important to get that done early.
0ZDDHWma30I-00119-00045449-00045969 Depending on your department's admissions process and cycle, you can gain your admission
0ZDDHWma30I-00120-00045969-00046658 and ultimately make your decision anywhere from April or later.
0ZDDHWma30I-00121-00046658-00047043 Sometimes that can create some anxiety in terms of whether or not you'll be able to
0ZDDHWma30I-00122-00047043-00047143 find housing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00123-00047143-00047615 But the university provides a lot of resources in terms of matching you with roommates and
0ZDDHWma30I-00124-00047615-00047780 housing and find things like that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00125-00047780-00048190 I think just getting started on that process really early is important.
0ZDDHWma30I-00126-00048190-00048945 If you are able to visit the campus before you come here in the fall, I think that's
0ZDDHWma30I-00127-00048945-00049412 really helpful in terms of seeing the place that you are going to be living in or just
0ZDDHWma30I-00128-00049412-00049767 familiarizing yourself with your classrooms, your department, and all of those things.
0ZDDHWma30I-00129-00049767-00050236 Just being able to figure out housing or getting an early start, you really don't want to push
0ZDDHWma30I-00130-00050236-00050336 that too late.
0ZDDHWma30I-00131-00050336-00050594 But even so, there's a lot of resources for you to get that done.
0ZDDHWma30I-00132-00050594-00050806 Kyle: I agree with that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00133-00050806-00050983 I also thought it was valuable.
0ZDDHWma30I-00134-00050983-00051365 I got here just a little bit before classes started.
0ZDDHWma30I-00135-00051365-00051666 I had a few days with not too much on my schedule.
0ZDDHWma30I-00136-00051666-00052192 It was helpful to just kind of walk around downtown, just kind of see where things were,
0ZDDHWma30I-00137-00052192-00052730 learn kind of the grid, where are the major streets, just kind of get landmarks not only
0ZDDHWma30I-00138-00052730-00053294 on practical things, but also restaurants or interesting things that looked like I'd
0ZDDHWma30I-00139-00053294-00053424 want to check them out.
0ZDDHWma30I-00140-00053424-00053758 Supraja: I would like to just add onto this.
0ZDDHWma30I-00141-00053758-00054280 Before you arrive at University of Michigan, it would be nice to get in touch with your
0ZDDHWma30I-00142-00054280-00054789 fellow students, because you will learn a lot of unexpected small things that you'd
0ZDDHWma30I-00143-00054789-00055235 arrive and then you would found out and it would be a surprise.
0ZDDHWma30I-00144-00055235-00055732 But if you get in touch with your fellow students, they will mention small things like housing,
0ZDDHWma30I-00145-00055732-00056016 "These apartments are not good.
0ZDDHWma30I-00146-00056016-00056186 Maybe you can choose another one."
0ZDDHWma30I-00147-00056186-00056516 Small stuff that you would not realize but it would help you out.
0ZDDHWma30I-00148-00056516-00056719 That would be one thing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00149-00056719-00057007 Paula: What are some other resources?
0ZDDHWma30I-00150-00057007-00057248 Getting in touch with your fellow students.
0ZDDHWma30I-00151-00057248-00057520 You were sort of hinting toward some helpful resources.
0ZDDHWma30I-00152-00057520-00057848 What sort of things do you think would be good to check out ahead of time?
0ZDDHWma30I-00153-00057848-00058341 Kyle: Definitely in terms of housing, there is Northwood Housing, a website that helps
0ZDDHWma30I-00154-00058341-00058616 put you in contact with other Northwood students.
0ZDDHWma30I-00155-00058616-00059154 There is also The University of Michigan off-campus housing website, which I found particularly
0ZDDHWma30I-00156-00059154-00059254 useful.
0ZDDHWma30I-00157-00059254-00059785 I discovered it late, so I think this is great that you guys would hopefully get a kind of
0ZDDHWma30I-00158-00059785-00060066 advanced notice of this resource, because it's really good.
0ZDDHWma30I-00159-00060066-00060583 It allows you to kind of identify and select your particular price range, neighborhood
0ZDDHWma30I-00160-00060583-00061036 that you want to live in, roommates, whether it's up to two, three, or four roommates,
0ZDDHWma30I-00161-00061036-00061216 things like that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00162-00061216-00061491 That's really helpful in terms of housing on site.
0ZDDHWma30I-00163-00061491-00061992 Katy: I would say that in terms of off-campus housing, a lot of Ann Arbor leases are for
0ZDDHWma30I-00164-00061992-00062094 a year.
0ZDDHWma30I-00165-00062094-00062480 But a lot of times undergraduate students or either graduate students are away on fellowship
0ZDDHWma30I-00166-00062480-00062595 or they are studying abroad.
0ZDDHWma30I-00167-00062595-00063084 There are often short term sublets that you can get for a month or two that would give
0ZDDHWma30I-00168-00063084-00063460 you the chance to sort of move in, at least partially, and then find out what neighborhood
0ZDDHWma30I-00169-00063460-00063560 you want.
0ZDDHWma30I-00170-00063560-00063961 I know a lot of people who have successfully taken a short term sublet and then moved into
0ZDDHWma30I-00171-00063961-00064442 a forever home a little bit later if they didn't know the city as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-00172-00064442-00064976 A lot of times those are posted on the off-campus housing website, so they are university students
0ZDDHWma30I-00173-00064976-00065205 that could give you further advice.
0ZDDHWma30I-00174-00065205-00065610 Kyle: I'm sure we could provide, after the broadcast, links on a website for you guys
0ZDDHWma30I-00175-00065610-00065801 to go check it out.
0ZDDHWma30I-00176-00065801-00066420 Paula: Do you guy want to give any thoughts on the different parts of campus, sort of
0ZDDHWma30I-00177-00066420-00066779 how the campus is broken up?
0ZDDHWma30I-00178-00066779-00067166 Miguel: Like [inaudible 11:11] , there are three campuses-one in the north, another in
0ZDDHWma30I-00179-00067166-00067514 the center of Ann Arbor, and another in the south.
0ZDDHWma30I-00180-00067514-00068085 In my case, most of my classes are in the central campus, but I live in the north campus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00181-00068085-00068338 I have to take one of the busses from the university.
0ZDDHWma30I-00182-00068338-00068602 There are two major bus systems in Ann Arbor.
0ZDDHWma30I-00183-00068602-00068977 One is provided by the university, and the other is provided by the city.
0ZDDHWma30I-00184-00068977-00069163 Both of them are free.
0ZDDHWma30I-00185-00069163-00069514 But in the university busses you don't have to identify yourself.
0ZDDHWma30I-00186-00069514-00069987 Anyone can take the bus without paying a lot for it.
0ZDDHWma30I-00187-00069987-00070092 I have to take a bus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00188-00070092-00070673 It's only like 15 or 20 minutes from the place that I take classes.
0ZDDHWma30I-00189-00070673-00070927 Many people will say, "Oh, that's a really big distance.
0ZDDHWma30I-00190-00070927-00071399 You are living in another campus, and you are taking multiple classes in central campus."
0ZDDHWma30I-00191-00071399-00071972 But yeah, it's a greater distance, but in most of the big cities in the US that would
0ZDDHWma30I-00192-00071972-00072581 be an incredible deal, only one bus and 20-minute ride.
0ZDDHWma30I-00193-00072581-00072829 Those are the main divisions.
0ZDDHWma30I-00194-00072829-00073381 I would suggest in case you are going to take most of your classes in one of the campuses
0ZDDHWma30I-00195-00073381-00074001 that you look for housing around those places, just to make it easier.
0ZDDHWma30I-00196-00074001-00074206 But actually, it's not a big deal.
0ZDDHWma30I-00197-00074206-00074638 Katy: We talked a lot about housing, but we didn't talk a lot about getting to where we
0ZDDHWma30I-00198-00074638-00074738 need to be.
0ZDDHWma30I-00199-00074738-00075281 Getting home and getting to our classes or getting to the library.
0ZDDHWma30I-00200-00075281-00075830 I think it's always a good deal to look at the bus route, figure out how you are going
0ZDDHWma30I-00201-00075830-00076111 to get from your house to class ahead of time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00202-00076111-00076727 Also, if you want to drive, looking up how to get a parking pass ahead of time, because
0ZDDHWma30I-00203-00076727-00076995 parking can be a challenge on campus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00204-00076995-00077460 If you don't want to be late to classes, then it's good to know where you can park ahead
0ZDDHWma30I-00205-00077460-00077560 of time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00206-00077560-00077924 Supraja: I'd just like to add on to her statement.
0ZDDHWma30I-00207-00077924-00078599 Residence parking, sometimes some of my classmates, they park a mile away and walk, which does
0ZDDHWma30I-00208-00078599-00078727 not make sense.
0ZDDHWma30I-00209-00078727-00079523 It's better to take the public transport, the U Mich busses, especially during winters.
0ZDDHWma30I-00210-00079523-00080268 It would be better to just take busses rather than having to skip or something like that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00211-00080268-00080430 They are very frequent.
0ZDDHWma30I-00212-00080430-00081098 Even the city busses, during the week those are pretty frequent.
0ZDDHWma30I-00213-00081098-00081522 As Miguel said, both busses are free.
0ZDDHWma30I-00214-00081522-00082011 But for the city bus, if you have an M Card you just need to swipe and it's free.
0ZDDHWma30I-00215-00082011-00082336 For the university busses you don't need M cards.
0ZDDHWma30I-00216-00082336-00082557 Anyone is allowed on the bus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00217-00082557-00082854 Paula: Your M Card is your ID card.
0ZDDHWma30I-00218-00082854-00083001 Supraja: Yeah, ID card.
0ZDDHWma30I-00219-00083001-00084036 Kyle: To give you some advice, when you arrive to Ann Arbor, go to get your M Card.
0ZDDHWma30I-00220-00084036-00084136 [laughter]
0ZDDHWma30I-00221-00084136-00084236 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-00222-00084236-00084431 Paula: Does anyone have a card?
0ZDDHWma30I-00223-00084431-00084563 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-00224-00084563-00085033 Paula: That's the M Card.
0ZDDHWma30I-00225-00085033-00085207 It will get you into performances or...
0ZDDHWma30I-00226-00085207-00085307 Supraja: Yeah.
0ZDDHWma30I-00227-00085307-00085447 You get discounts with this card.
0ZDDHWma30I-00228-00085447-00085731 Katy: It's a library card...
0ZDDHWma30I-00229-00085731-00085918 Kyle: Everything.
0ZDDHWma30I-00230-00085918-00086825 Supraja: I know this is right in between, but there is this free bus service to try
0ZDDHWma30I-00231-00086825-00086941 it out.
0ZDDHWma30I-00232-00086941-00087177 Even that you can access using the M Card.
0ZDDHWma30I-00233-00087177-00087441 You just need to swipe and the ride is free.
0ZDDHWma30I-00234-00087441-00087814 You can go into downtown Detroit, look around, and then come back by the same bus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00235-00087814-00087997 You use the M Card, and it's free.
0ZDDHWma30I-00236-00087997-00088702 Natalie: I did get a question coming in about, "What is the best way to get to and from the
0ZDDHWma30I-00237-00088702-00088870 airport?"
0ZDDHWma30I-00238-00088870-00089039 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-00239-00089039-00090012 Kyle: The best service I have found is the Michigan Flier bus, which runs from downtown
0ZDDHWma30I-00240-00090012-00090418 and also from the Southside of town by the interstate.
0ZDDHWma30I-00241-00090418-00090918 There is a hotel where it picks up called Kensington Court.
0ZDDHWma30I-00242-00090918-00091131 It leaves maybe about every hour.
0ZDDHWma30I-00243-00091131-00091889 It's only $12 each way, in contrast to a cab would probably run you $50-$60 to get from
0ZDDHWma30I-00244-00091889-00092050 the airport to here.
0ZDDHWma30I-00245-00092050-00092588 I would really recommend the Michigan Flier as a good and reliable service.
0ZDDHWma30I-00246-00092588-00092727 Paula: It's a bus, right?
0ZDDHWma30I-00247-00092727-00092862 Kyle: It's a nice coach bus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00248-00092862-00092962 There's WiFi.
0ZDDHWma30I-00249-00092962-00093062 You just kind of hang out.
0ZDDHWma30I-00250-00093062-00093174 They give you water.
0ZDDHWma30I-00251-00093174-00093531 It's a nice ride.
0ZDDHWma30I-00252-00093531-00093992 Katy: Just to second the Michigan Flier.
0ZDDHWma30I-00253-00093992-00094151 It's incredibly convenient.
0ZDDHWma30I-00254-00094151-00094626 Supraja: They are on time most of the time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00255-00094626-00095152 If you have too many bags or baggage which you don't think you can handle on a bus, you
0ZDDHWma30I-00256-00095152-00095273 can take a cab.
0ZDDHWma30I-00257-00095273-00095852 But you can try to find somebody who is taking the ride to Ann Arbor at the same time as
0ZDDHWma30I-00258-00095852-00096223 you so that you can share the cab ride so it's not that expensive.
0ZDDHWma30I-00259-00096223-00096525 You don't need to take the cab for yourself.
0ZDDHWma30I-00260-00096525-00096947 Katy: I've also seen people save money by taking the Michigan Flier and then just a
0ZDDHWma30I-00261-00096947-00097243 cab from wherever the bus stop is to their location.
0ZDDHWma30I-00262-00097243-00097711 It's more like a $10 cab ride instead of a $60 cab ride.
0ZDDHWma30I-00263-00097711-00097945 Miguel: I arrived here with my family.
0ZDDHWma30I-00264-00097945-00098518 When we arrived we decided to rent a car and it was a good deal.
0ZDDHWma30I-00265-00098518-00099104 We rented a car in the Detroit airport, so we just drove like 30 minutes and we left
0ZDDHWma30I-00266-00099104-00099204 the car in Ann Arbor.
0ZDDHWma30I-00267-00099204-00099619 For [inaudible 16:34] many times, this is an option because you bring a lot of luggage
0ZDDHWma30I-00268-00099619-00099948 and you prefer not to take a bus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00269-00099948-00100249 It's really easy.
0ZDDHWma30I-00270-00100249-00100836 It's also useful for the first two or three days to have the car in order to buy things,
0ZDDHWma30I-00271-00100836-00101143 in order to go to the store.
0ZDDHWma30I-00272-00101143-00101361 Chukwuka: I would also like to put out that the Michigan Flier runs from 8AM to 8PM.
0ZDDHWma30I-00273-00101361-00101494 There is limited hours.
0ZDDHWma30I-00274-00101494-00102520 If you have a midnight flight our off-peak hours, then you can use another service.
0ZDDHWma30I-00275-00102520-00102734 Paula: Good suggestion.
0ZDDHWma30I-00276-00102734-00102834 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-00277-00102834-00102944 Paula: You have a car?
0ZDDHWma30I-00278-00102944-00103126 Katy: I do have a car.
0ZDDHWma30I-00279-00103126-00103774 I have a car, but I very rarely take it to campus proper because I can very rarely park
0ZDDHWma30I-00280-00103774-00104222 close for anything less than six or seven dollars, which if you are coming from New
0ZDDHWma30I-00281-00104222-00104349 York City, it's like, "Wow!
0ZDDHWma30I-00282-00104349-00104449 What a deal!"
0ZDDHWma30I-00283-00104449-00104765 But if you do it three or four days a week, it really adds up.
0ZDDHWma30I-00284-00104765-00105167 I do use the car for things like going to the grocery story store.
0ZDDHWma30I-00285-00105167-00105749 But I've also never lived in a place where I couldn't also take the bus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00286-00105749-00106314 I have a lot of friends that don't have cars, but I find that since cars are a luxury, the
0ZDDHWma30I-00287-00106314-00106650 people who have cars are pretty generous with them.
0ZDDHWma30I-00288-00106650-00107096 There are people that either don't have a car in your department that will split a Zip
0ZDDHWma30I-00289-00107096-00107563 Car with you to go to the grocery store with you, or people that will say...I often say
0ZDDHWma30I-00290-00107563-00107889 to people in my department that don't have a car, "I'm going to the grocery store.
0ZDDHWma30I-00291-00107889-00108133 Do you want me to pick up anything or do you want to come with me?"
0ZDDHWma30I-00292-00108133-00108502 Because it's often just an extra two or three minutes and then they don't have to take all
0ZDDHWma30I-00293-00108502-00108663 of their stuff on the bus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00294-00108663-00108794 Kyle: What is Zip Car?
0ZDDHWma30I-00295-00108794-00109208 Katy: Zip Car is an online private car sharing service.
0ZDDHWma30I-00296-00109208-00109511 I think almost all of the Michigan lots have Zip Cars.
0ZDDHWma30I-00297-00109511-00110077 But you sign up online and you basically reserve a car and you pay by the hour.
0ZDDHWma30I-00298-00110077-00110753 If you have just a short term one-off expense or you really need to get to Birmingham for
0ZDDHWma30I-00299-00110753-00111150 an interview and you don't want to pay for a car the whole time, it's fully insured.
0ZDDHWma30I-00300-00111150-00111464 It's not the cheapest thing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00301-00111464-00111884 But if you split it with people for a one-time thing, it's more affordable than renting a
0ZDDHWma30I-00302-00111884-00111984 car.
0ZDDHWma30I-00303-00111984-00112297 It's often more convenient.
0ZDDHWma30I-00304-00112297-00112544 Paula: Birmingham, Michigan...
0ZDDHWma30I-00305-00112544-00112644 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-00306-00112644-00113388 Paula: Because Ann Arbor is in the state of Michigan, beyond Michigan, beyond Ann Arbor,
0ZDDHWma30I-00307-00113388-00113836 what sort of things do you recommend people check out when they get here when they have
0ZDDHWma30I-00308-00113836-00113957 a little time to check it out?
0ZDDHWma30I-00309-00113957-00114401 Kristye: One of my favorite things to do on the weekend is to go to Detroit.
0ZDDHWma30I-00310-00114401-00114527 I love going to Detroit.
0ZDDHWma30I-00311-00114527-00115020 They have the eastern market, which is the outdoor farmer's market on Saturday mornings.
0ZDDHWma30I-00312-00115020-00115120 It's beautiful.
0ZDDHWma30I-00313-00115120-00115566 There's all kinds of fruit and vegetables, crafts.
0ZDDHWma30I-00314-00115566-00115666 People are performing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00315-00115666-00116071 There are some great restaurants right around there as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-00316-00116071-00116516 I also recommend that if you are able to, go to one of Michigan's beaches.
0ZDDHWma30I-00317-00116516-00116810 I just left [inaudible 19:31] City Beach.
0ZDDHWma30I-00318-00116810-00116910 Beautiful.
0ZDDHWma30I-00319-00116910-00117063 It was a gorgeous place.
0ZDDHWma30I-00320-00117063-00117622 If you can make it up there and get to see Lake Picaroon?
0ZDDHWma30I-00321-00117622-00118122 Kyle: Detroit also has pro football, pro baseball, pro hockey.
0ZDDHWma30I-00322-00118122-00118735 The Detroit Institute of Art has a great art collection.
0ZDDHWma30I-00323-00118735-00119236 Lot of great things to do there, movie series, concerts.
0ZDDHWma30I-00324-00119236-00119354 I agree.
0ZDDHWma30I-00325-00119354-00119911 Then also towns like Kalamazoo or Grand Rapids are not too far away.
0ZDDHWma30I-00326-00119911-00120145 Those are a great day trip as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-00327-00120145-00120826 Supraja: I'd like to add onto that Battle Creek is the [inaudible 20:08] city.
0ZDDHWma30I-00328-00120826-00120991 Maybe you can check it out.
0ZDDHWma30I-00329-00120991-00121651 I've never done the tourist thing at Battle Creek, but I think it's a place to recommend.
0ZDDHWma30I-00330-00121651-00122316 Katy: I go to a lot of state parks actually, because in Michigan if you pay for a Michigan
0ZDDHWma30I-00331-00122316-00122769 license plate, it often gives you free admission to many state parks.
0ZDDHWma30I-00332-00122769-00123236 It's like a 15 or 20 minute drive to really good hikes that sometimes it feels good to
0ZDDHWma30I-00333-00123236-00123764 get out of the city [laughs] of Ann Arbor and see some trees.
0ZDDHWma30I-00334-00123764-00124159 But there's also good parks around Ann Arbor.
0ZDDHWma30I-00335-00124159-00124532 The Arb is sort of an open air botanical garden.
0ZDDHWma30I-00336-00124532-00124933 It's big enough that you can sort to feel like you got away.
0ZDDHWma30I-00337-00124933-00125359 I like that quite a bit.
0ZDDHWma30I-00338-00125359-00126217 Supraja: If you want to get out of the city, just go to the North campus of The University
0ZDDHWma30I-00339-00126217-00126326 of Michigan...
0ZDDHWma30I-00340-00126326-00126426 [laughter]
0ZDDHWma30I-00341-00126426-00126526 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-00342-00126526-00126808 Paula: You mentioned something about the parks.
0ZDDHWma30I-00343-00126808-00126973 Miguel: Yeah.
0ZDDHWma30I-00344-00126973-00127433 I have two children, so I spend a lot of time in parks playing with them.
0ZDDHWma30I-00345-00127433-00127849 It's just been amazing because in the beginning of the summer we decided to visit all the
0ZDDHWma30I-00346-00127849-00128149 city parks that are in Ann Arbor, not outside.
0ZDDHWma30I-00347-00128149-00128466 We haven't done that yet because there are a lot of places where we can go with the kids
0ZDDHWma30I-00348-00128466-00128618 and to the playground.
0ZDDHWma30I-00349-00128618-00128935 There are many activities to do if you have children.
0ZDDHWma30I-00350-00128935-00129508 Even if you don't have them, many of those parks have incredible [inaudible 21:37] . You
0ZDDHWma30I-00351-00129508-00130314 can row them in the river or you can also do a lot of nature stuff and sports.
0ZDDHWma30I-00352-00130314-00130872 If you want to go farther, you can go to Chicago and it's only three or four hours away.
0ZDDHWma30I-00353-00130872-00131658 If you find a deal, you can go [inaudible 21:53] . It's a really good place to go and
0ZDDHWma30I-00354-00131658-00131824 visit if you really want to go...
0ZDDHWma30I-00355-00131824-00132288 Kyle: In Chicago the train is good and usually not too expensive.
0ZDDHWma30I-00356-00132288-00132523 You can also take Mega Bus...
0ZDDHWma30I-00357-00132523-00132623 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-00358-00132623-00132828 Supraja: There are bus services too.
0ZDDHWma30I-00359-00132828-00133335 Katy: Those will go to most of the major cities in Michigan, too.
0ZDDHWma30I-00360-00133335-00133826 You can take a Greyhound or a Mega Bus to Kalamazoo.
0ZDDHWma30I-00361-00133826-00134374 Supraja: Sometimes busses are recommended over trains because sometimes trains are slow.
0ZDDHWma30I-00362-00134374-00134541 Busses are very fast.
0ZDDHWma30I-00363-00134541-00135054 Paula: We've been talking about a lot of fun stuff, and we'll get back to that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00364-00135054-00135279 But we also know that students are coming here for academic reasons, too.
0ZDDHWma30I-00365-00135279-00135447 What kind of advice would you share with them?
0ZDDHWma30I-00366-00135447-00136108 Maybe think of it from the point of view as when you came to graduate school, what was
0ZDDHWma30I-00367-00136108-00136208 surprising to you academically?
0ZDDHWma30I-00368-00136208-00136665 What sort of things did you discover that you think will be helpful to share with students
0ZDDHWma30I-00369-00136665-00137022 who are just entering?
0ZDDHWma30I-00370-00137022-00137965 Supraja: I'd just like to point out that academics is quite rigorous.
0ZDDHWma30I-00371-00137965-00138396 You should be prepared to give it your best.
0ZDDHWma30I-00372-00138396-00138676 That was my thought when I started school here.
0ZDDHWma30I-00373-00138676-00138958 It's not like you can have fun and get good grades.
0ZDDHWma30I-00374-00138958-00139291 You have to work really hard.
0ZDDHWma30I-00375-00139291-00139463 You have to be prepared.
0ZDDHWma30I-00376-00139463-00139577 That's it.
0ZDDHWma30I-00377-00139577-00139751 It's not scary.
0ZDDHWma30I-00378-00139751-00139971 It's the reality of grad school.
0ZDDHWma30I-00379-00139971-00140096 But it is tough.
0ZDDHWma30I-00380-00140096-00141045 Kristye: I might have a different experience because I am in a health professional program.
0ZDDHWma30I-00381-00141045-00141519 But when I came here, I had sat a year out from school.
0ZDDHWma30I-00382-00141519-00141872 I graduated from graduate school and then I taught school for a year and then I came
0ZDDHWma30I-00383-00141872-00142094 to pharmacy school.
0ZDDHWma30I-00384-00142094-00142979 The sheer volume of work is I guess what I remember the most, because right now I'm not
0ZDDHWma30I-00385-00142979-00143544 in classes, but it was just the volume of working, becoming acclimated to having my
0ZDDHWma30I-00386-00143544-00144035 quizzes and exams weekly and every other day.
0ZDDHWma30I-00387-00144035-00144617 If you can eliminate any type of worry.
0ZDDHWma30I-00388-00144617-00144844 That for me was getting my lunch ready at night.
0ZDDHWma30I-00389-00144844-00145354 These are the little things that can cause you to be stressed out when you have to be
0ZDDHWma30I-00390-00145354-00145659 some place or in your class on time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00391-00145659-00146313 Getting my lunch ready at night, getting dressed, picking out my clothes, knowing where my car
0ZDDHWma30I-00392-00146313-00146767 keys were, knowing where my bus pass was, those type of things.
0ZDDHWma30I-00393-00146767-00147216 Just getting a routine and getting that established...
0ZDDHWma30I-00394-00147216-00147316 Kyle: That's so important.
0ZDDHWma30I-00395-00147316-00148000 I would just add that you can be working on things all the time, so it's important to
0ZDDHWma30I-00396-00148000-00148367 establish parameters for yourself and to be mindful, as you alluded to, of self-care.
0ZDDHWma30I-00397-00148367-00149213 Not to think, "Oh, I'll go exercise if I have time later this week," because you can always
0ZDDHWma30I-00398-00149213-00149563 talk yourself out of that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00399-00149563-00150000 If your face life is important, you need to carve out time for that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00400-00150000-00150283 It's just important to keep a realistic perspective.
0ZDDHWma30I-00401-00150283-00150820 It's easy to lose track of, I think, when you are coming in and getting involved with
0ZDDHWma30I-00402-00150820-00150920 the work.
0ZDDHWma30I-00403-00150920-00151240 But you're going to be better at the work if you are also taking care of yourself.
0ZDDHWma30I-00404-00151240-00151630 Make sure you are carving out that time, whatever is most valuable for you.
0ZDDHWma30I-00405-00151630-00152222 Katy: The best advice I got was to treat my graduate program like a job, because a lot
0ZDDHWma30I-00406-00152222-00152848 of us are either coming from job experience or we really need to make that transition.
0ZDDHWma30I-00407-00152848-00153338 Feeling like I had working hours and then non-working hours was really helpful for me,
0ZDDHWma30I-00408-00153338-00153670 not just to make sure that I had self-care, but to make sure that I was using those hours
0ZDDHWma30I-00409-00153670-00153847 as well as I could.
0ZDDHWma30I-00410-00153847-00154304 Because there is sort of an expectation and so many different people will tell you that
0ZDDHWma30I-00411-00154304-00154705 they are reading all of the time or that they're working all of the time that it becomes really
0ZDDHWma30I-00412-00154705-00155187 easy to imagine that everyone is working always.
0ZDDHWma30I-00413-00155187-00155637 In some cases that's true, but they might not be as efficient as they could be.
0ZDDHWma30I-00414-00155637-00156210 When I would say, "You have two hours to get this amount of reading done," it let me know
0ZDDHWma30I-00415-00156210-00156539 that I could stop at a certain point, but it also made me more productive in those two
0ZDDHWma30I-00416-00156539-00157065 hours, in the same way that my friends that had jobs knew that they only had a certain
0ZDDHWma30I-00417-00157065-00157653 amount of time to get that task done, and so they couldn't be taking every meeting.
0ZDDHWma30I-00418-00157653-00157841 They couldn't be having every lunch.
0ZDDHWma30I-00419-00157841-00158313 They had to be strategic about knowing their own limits.
0ZDDHWma30I-00420-00158313-00158855 Paula: What kind of suggestions do you have like that in terms of creating academic habits,
0ZDDHWma30I-00421-00158855-00159255 whether it be yourself or how you reach out to other people?
0ZDDHWma30I-00422-00159255-00159355 Are there suggestions you have?
0ZDDHWma30I-00423-00159355-00159700 Kristye: I like to make a task list.
0ZDDHWma30I-00424-00159700-00160424 I found that that helps me to keep track of everything that is due or even just the things
0ZDDHWma30I-00425-00160424-00160958 that need to be done in that day so it doesn't spill over to the next day, and I'm running
0ZDDHWma30I-00426-00160958-00161058 behind on things.
0ZDDHWma30I-00427-00161058-00161514 I always make a task list of all the things that have to be done or even just fill out
0ZDDHWma30I-00428-00161514-00161922 a calendar of assignments that are due or exams that are coming up.
0ZDDHWma30I-00429-00161922-00162530 Supraja: I think, like she said, you have to prioritize a lot, because during the academic
0ZDDHWma30I-00430-00162530-00163063 year, you have to concentrate on your academics, as well as if you are recruiting, you have
0ZDDHWma30I-00431-00163063-00163763 to be sure you are at the company events you'd like to work for.
0ZDDHWma30I-00432-00163763-00164383 If you are doing research, you have to prioritize that as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-00433-00164383-00165151 I know a few people who just go to all these networking events and not concentrate on their
0ZDDHWma30I-00434-00165151-00165251 classes.
0ZDDHWma30I-00435-00165251-00165351 You shouldn't do that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00436-00165351-00165898 You should strike this balance where you pick the companies which you really, really want
0ZDDHWma30I-00437-00165898-00166210 to work for.
0ZDDHWma30I-00438-00166210-00166761 The classes, which are very important, the assignments which need to be submitted, you
0ZDDHWma30I-00439-00166761-00167024 have to juggle it all.
0ZDDHWma30I-00440-00167024-00167496 Paula: In terms of reaching out to academic support instructors in your department, some
0ZDDHWma30I-00441-00167496-00167596 I know are department specific.
0ZDDHWma30I-00442-00167596-00167696 Some are shared.
0ZDDHWma30I-00443-00167696-00168245 But do you have things that you've found really helpful, things you'd recommend?
0ZDDHWma30I-00444-00168245-00168388 Chukwuka: Definitely.
0ZDDHWma30I-00445-00168388-00168699 I think one of the first things when you are out on campus that you should do is you should
0ZDDHWma30I-00446-00168699-00169047 really get to know your department coordinators and administrators.
0ZDDHWma30I-00447-00169047-00169637 They are absolutely the number one resource you can for your department or program specific
0ZDDHWma30I-00448-00169637-00169740 needs.
0ZDDHWma30I-00449-00169740-00169932 They know all the forms you need to fill out.
0ZDDHWma30I-00450-00169932-00170627 They know all the how to really interact with the professors and your instructors and even
0ZDDHWma30I-00451-00170627-00171063 connect you with other students if you need to work with a study group or things like
0ZDDHWma30I-00452-00171063-00171163 that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00453-00171163-00171412 They are a really good resource.
0ZDDHWma30I-00454-00171412-00171635 Very good for funding, definitely for doctoral students.
0ZDDHWma30I-00455-00171635-00172289 You can either come up with a package or you can have some type of teaching fellowship
0ZDDHWma30I-00456-00172289-00172466 or other things like that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00457-00172466-00172864 They can help you work all those details out, whereas you can sometimes feel overwhelmed.
0ZDDHWma30I-00458-00172864-00173324 I think getting to know your administrators, they are only there to help and they've been
0ZDDHWma30I-00459-00173324-00173616 there for a while and they know everything in and out.
0ZDDHWma30I-00460-00173616-00173961 Getting to know them on a personal level is really important.
0ZDDHWma30I-00461-00173961-00174265 They definitely go out of their way to help you.
0ZDDHWma30I-00462-00174265-00175051 Kyle: Even outside of programs, many people will come in and have a statistics sequence
0ZDDHWma30I-00463-00175051-00175163 or stats requirement.
0ZDDHWma30I-00464-00175163-00175515 That can be a source of some stress for students.
0ZDDHWma30I-00465-00175515-00175674 I know it was for me when I came in.
0ZDDHWma30I-00466-00175674-00176224 But there are regular workshops on campus to help students through those issues.
0ZDDHWma30I-00467-00176224-00176784 These are people who are [inaudible 29:29] with packages and things and help you work
0ZDDHWma30I-00468-00176784-00176997 through those and help you get it.
0ZDDHWma30I-00469-00176997-00177512 Even if you miss a little something in class, they can help explain it to you in a clearer
0ZDDHWma30I-00470-00177512-00177659 way.
0ZDDHWma30I-00471-00177659-00178325 Also, many students come in with some concerns about writing and the Sweetland Writing Center
0ZDDHWma30I-00472-00178325-00178769 on campus is a really good resource for a lot of students to help them think for how
0ZDDHWma30I-00473-00178769-00179165 to structure their arguments and be clear in their language.
0ZDDHWma30I-00474-00179165-00179561 That's been a real great resource for a lot of people as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-00475-00179561-00180189 Katy: I know that I am very fixated on the email that Rack 'Em puts out.
0ZDDHWma30I-00476-00180189-00180345 It was every Friday during the school year.
0ZDDHWma30I-00477-00180345-00180784 I think it's every month during the summer.
0ZDDHWma30I-00478-00180784-00180937 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-00479-00180937-00181849 Katy: I found it really overwhelming when I first got here how many resources were offered
0ZDDHWma30I-00480-00181849-00181949 to me.
0ZDDHWma30I-00481-00181949-00182398 I could have made a fulltime job out of just accessing the resources.
0ZDDHWma30I-00482-00182398-00182896 That digest on Friday was really helpful for me to see and decide...
0ZDDHWma30I-00483-00182896-00183477 I went to workshops on how to read more quickly, how to fill out my FAFSA.
0ZDDHWma30I-00484-00183477-00183809 They have really practical things as well as academic stuff.
0ZDDHWma30I-00485-00183809-00184323 Knowing that there was that one email that would have most of the important life skills
0ZDDHWma30I-00486-00184323-00185089 or academic core skills was really helpful to me to feel like I wasn't as prodigious
0ZDDHWma30I-00487-00185089-00185342 and overwhelming.
0ZDDHWma30I-00488-00185342-00185858 If you can find ways to be systematic about looking for those things, it really helps
0ZDDHWma30I-00489-00185858-00186319 cut down on the anxiety of, am I missing this, or is this big important thing happening and
0ZDDHWma30I-00490-00186319-00186419 I don't know about it?
0ZDDHWma30I-00491-00186419-00186649 Paula: Just before you jump in real quick.
0ZDDHWma30I-00492-00186649-00186942 Could you talk a little bit about what Rackham is?
0ZDDHWma30I-00493-00186942-00187110 I'll put you on the spot.
0ZDDHWma30I-00494-00187110-00187373 You gave a good definition of it.
0ZDDHWma30I-00495-00187373-00187987 Katy: The way I think about it is that Rackham is the bigger college office.
0ZDDHWma30I-00496-00187987-00188495 When I was an undergrad here there was Undergraduate Office of Admissions, there was the Undergraduate
0ZDDHWma30I-00497-00188495-00188595 Career Center.
0ZDDHWma30I-00498-00188595-00189058 Now that I'm a graduate student, Rackham is the umbrella organization that covers many
0ZDDHWma30I-00499-00189058-00189602 of those really important academic skills that aren't necessarily departmental specific.
0ZDDHWma30I-00500-00189602-00190101 My departmental administrator is really great for things like what format should my prospectus
0ZDDHWma30I-00501-00190101-00190253 be, or when do I file.
0ZDDHWma30I-00502-00190253-00191050 But Rackham has really important information about funding deadlines, and taxes and writing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00503-00191050-00191501 They're also a great hub, that even if they don't...I find that the various offices are
0ZDDHWma30I-00504-00191501-00191908 all really friendly, so even if they don't know the answer, they know where to point
0ZDDHWma30I-00505-00191908-00192123 you next.
0ZDDHWma30I-00506-00192123-00192609 In a system that's as large and complicated as Michigan is administratively...Like every
0ZDDHWma30I-00507-00192609-00193118 department has its own administrator, every school has its own organizational system.
0ZDDHWma30I-00508-00193118-00193702 Rackham is a way to have one place that you start and then branch out.
0ZDDHWma30I-00509-00193702-00194405 Paula: People view Rackham in any other way that they could...
0ZDDHWma30I-00510-00194405-00194746 Supraja: She mentioned the Rackham emails.
0ZDDHWma30I-00511-00194746-00195315 Rackham organizes a lot of social events for the graduate students as well, like for them
0ZDDHWma30I-00512-00195315-00195850 to get together and find new people to become friends with.
0ZDDHWma30I-00513-00195850-00196963 That email contains not only grant deadlines and professional workshops and such, but also
0ZDDHWma30I-00514-00196963-00197636 social events like a movie screening or an ice cream social or something like that, which
0ZDDHWma30I-00515-00197636-00198261 I think you should always make a point of going to at least one because you meet so
0ZDDHWma30I-00516-00198261-00198453 many different people.
0ZDDHWma30I-00517-00198453-00198755 It's always fun, in my experience.
0ZDDHWma30I-00518-00198755-00199391 Never unsubscribe from Rackham emails.
0ZDDHWma30I-00519-00199391-00199720 You get a lot of emails from your different schools as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-00520-00199720-00200689 I'm from the College of Engineering, and they send me emails about career fairs and some
0ZDDHWma30I-00521-00200689-00201005 company events.
0ZDDHWma30I-00522-00201005-00201325 If you unsubscribe, you're going to miss out on a lot of stuff.
0ZDDHWma30I-00523-00201325-00201559 Never unsubscribe is my...
0ZDDHWma30I-00524-00201559-00201991 Kyle: Rackham is also blessed with really generous endowment.
0ZDDHWma30I-00525-00201991-00202704 I would really encourage students who are coming in to visit the Rackham fellowships
0ZDDHWma30I-00526-00202704-00203273 web page and see the number of different opportunities there are for funding from this school.
0ZDDHWma30I-00527-00203273-00203923 I had a travel grant to go to a conference in my field this fall that comes from Rackham.
0ZDDHWma30I-00528-00203923-00204084 I've accepted to do a presentation.
0ZDDHWma30I-00529-00204084-00204675 This summer, I had a spring-summer research grant that's funding me for these four months,
0ZDDHWma30I-00530-00204675-00204798 which is great to have.
0ZDDHWma30I-00531-00204798-00205010 I can work on my independent research.
0ZDDHWma30I-00532-00205010-00205509 There are pre-doctoral dissertation fellowships.
0ZDDHWma30I-00533-00205509-00205976 There's a lot of resources that you can get money to help pay off student loan interest.
0ZDDHWma30I-00534-00205976-00206233 There's all kinds of little pots of money sitting around Rackham.
0ZDDHWma30I-00535-00206233-00206657 If you're intentional about looking up what those are, and just a little bit of legwork
0ZDDHWma30I-00536-00206657-00207071 to fill out the applications, chances are you're going to be able to benefit from one
0ZDDHWma30I-00537-00207071-00207298 of those pools of resources.
0ZDDHWma30I-00538-00207298-00207510 Paula: We also are building.
0ZDDHWma30I-00539-00207510-00207792 I'm just going to mention that because we're sitting in the Rackham building right now.
0ZDDHWma30I-00540-00207792-00208004 It's a beautiful, beautiful building.
0ZDDHWma30I-00541-00208004-00208160 You can study in it.
0ZDDHWma30I-00542-00208160-00208512 We hold workshops, professional development workshops as well as social workshops.
0ZDDHWma30I-00543-00208512-00208641 Kyle: Major speaking events.
0ZDDHWma30I-00544-00208641-00208801 Paula: Major speaking events, yes.
0ZDDHWma30I-00545-00208801-00209436 Katy: I know that for me it was a big concern about so many of the spaces on campus are
0ZDDHWma30I-00546-00209436-00209821 filled with undergraduate students, which is great, because a lot of them are very bound
0ZDDHWma30I-00547-00209821-00210028 to the campus and you can see them everywhere.
0ZDDHWma30I-00548-00210028-00210198 But sometimes it's a little bit...
0ZDDHWma30I-00549-00210198-00210367 Kyle: You were one not so long ago.
0ZDDHWma30I-00550-00210367-00211048 Katy: I was, and I still very often am mistaken for one, but I found it really helpful to
0ZDDHWma30I-00551-00211048-00211481 come to Rackham to study because there's something freeing about knowing that undergrads won't
0ZDDHWma30I-00552-00211481-00212077 come into this building really, and knowing that if I'm really frustrated with something
0ZDDHWma30I-00553-00212077-00212471 or grading, it was a little bit of privacy that I didn't get in my department, which
0ZDDHWma30I-00554-00212471-00212688 also has an undergraduate program.
0ZDDHWma30I-00555-00212688-00213198 If you're feeling claustrophobic in your department, which sometimes can happen, especially my
0ZDDHWma30I-00556-00213198-00213635 department's very small, so I find Rackham to be a welcome oasis.
0ZDDHWma30I-00557-00213635-00213796 The reading rooms are beautiful.
0ZDDHWma30I-00558-00213796-00214057 They're very quiet.
0ZDDHWma30I-00559-00214057-00214569 Miguel: I will say that one really important thing in the University of Michigan is to
0ZDDHWma30I-00560-00214569-00215103 know really different people.
0ZDDHWma30I-00561-00215103-00215619 Most of us come from other schools together, to get specific skills and to learn the specific
0ZDDHWma30I-00562-00215619-00215719 things.
0ZDDHWma30I-00563-00215719-00216096 Rackham is a thing where you can forget about it and you can just remember that there are
0ZDDHWma30I-00564-00216096-00216196 some people...
0ZDDHWma30I-00565-00216196-00216388 In my case, I study public policy.
0ZDDHWma30I-00566-00216388-00216780 It's nice to remember that there are people studying biology or other kinds of fields
0ZDDHWma30I-00567-00216780-00217160 that maybe you are not necessarily concerned about it, but it's always refreshing to listen
0ZDDHWma30I-00568-00217160-00217635 to them, and seeing that there are many other things outside of you.
0ZDDHWma30I-00569-00217635-00218273 Kristye: I definitely used Rackham to meet other people because my program isn't under
0ZDDHWma30I-00570-00218273-00218677 Rackham, but Rackham still can serve me.
0ZDDHWma30I-00571-00218677-00219196 One of the way that it has is that it has allowed me to meet different people and people
0ZDDHWma30I-00572-00219196-00219396 from different disciplines and different departments.
0ZDDHWma30I-00573-00219396-00219871 Natalie: Would you mind mentioning your involvement with an organization?
0ZDDHWma30I-00574-00219871-00219980 Kristye: Sure.
0ZDDHWma30I-00575-00219980-00220576 I'm the Vice President of Students of Color Rackham, which is a graduate student organization,
0ZDDHWma30I-00576-00220576-00220676 of course.
0ZDDHWma30I-00577-00220676-00221408 It's meant to bring students from all disciplines together for social and professional academic
0ZDDHWma30I-00578-00221408-00222194 wellbeing, and to provide a site space where we can all come together, meet, and get whatever
0ZDDHWma30I-00579-00222194-00222498 things that we need from each other.
0ZDDHWma30I-00580-00222498-00222598 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-00581-00222598-00223430 Chukwuka: I'm the Vice President of Rackham Student Government, which is the student faction
0ZDDHWma30I-00582-00223430-00224062 representing all the schools in Rackham from the four different divisions -- humanities,
0ZDDHWma30I-00583-00224062-00224346 engineering, social sciences, and...
0ZDDHWma30I-00584-00224346-00224467 Kyle: The other one.
0ZDDHWma30I-00585-00224467-00224571 Chukwuka: The other one.
0ZDDHWma30I-00586-00224571-00224773 [laughs] I didn't say that, though.
0ZDDHWma30I-00587-00224773-00225592 We really liaise a lot with the Rackham administrators here to provide social events for the students,
0ZDDHWma30I-00588-00225592-00226283 collaborate financially also, putting together the professional activities and things like
0ZDDHWma30I-00589-00226283-00226383 that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00590-00226383-00226648 We really just try to work hand-in-hand to represent graduate students' voices and bring
0ZDDHWma30I-00591-00226648-00227186 to them events that could be helpful and beneficial to them.
0ZDDHWma30I-00592-00227186-00227446 Natalie: This is great timing, actually.
0ZDDHWma30I-00593-00227446-00227546 We did receive a question.
0ZDDHWma30I-00594-00227546-00227706 Does Rackham host social events?
0ZDDHWma30I-00595-00227706-00228042 Since some of you were mentioning that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00596-00228042-00228466 Go to football games together, et cetera, was the question.
0ZDDHWma30I-00597-00228466-00228671 Yes.
0ZDDHWma30I-00598-00228671-00229076 Your particular organizations that you mentioned.
0ZDDHWma30I-00599-00229076-00229535 Can some of you talk about social outlets that you've plugged into maybe your school
0ZDDHWma30I-00600-00229535-00230076 or college or your department program, if your department or program has a student organization
0ZDDHWma30I-00601-00230076-00230446 within that that is active and getting students together.
0ZDDHWma30I-00602-00230446-00230663 Supraja: I'm part of GradSWE.
0ZDDHWma30I-00603-00230663-00230909 That's the Graduate Society of Women Engineers.
0ZDDHWma30I-00604-00230909-00231516 It's pretty popular on north campus because that's where the College of Engineering is
0ZDDHWma30I-00605-00231516-00231616 placed.
0ZDDHWma30I-00606-00231616-00232121 You can be a part of GradSWE on a country level but you need to pay for membership.
0ZDDHWma30I-00607-00232121-00232519 If you want to be a part of University of Michigan's chapter you don't need to pay anything.
0ZDDHWma30I-00608-00232519-00233363 The good part is that...I call myself a fake engineer because I'm actually doing financial
0ZDDHWma30I-00609-00233363-00233627 mathematics, it's just called financial engineering.
0ZDDHWma30I-00610-00233627-00234280 I get to meet all these women and men -- there are men in GradSWE as well -- and they are
0ZDDHWma30I-00611-00234280-00234633 from nuclear engineering and biomedical engineering.
0ZDDHWma30I-00612-00234633-00235011 When they talk about different things, it's so interesting.
0ZDDHWma30I-00613-00235011-00235708 One girl, she was talking about nuclear reactors and how Michigan has one of the biggest...I
0ZDDHWma30I-00614-00235708-00236019 don't remember the name.
0ZDDHWma30I-00615-00236019-00236567 It's supposed to be one of the best reactors of something.
0ZDDHWma30I-00616-00236567-00237108 It's very interesting to know that Michigan has all this...
0ZDDHWma30I-00617-00237108-00237285 [audio break]
0ZDDHWma30I-00618-00237285-00237865 Supraja: ...one space where it's all about your cause.
0ZDDHWma30I-00619-00237865-00238662 They also host fun stuff like pumpkin carving and apple picking, movie screening, and bar
0ZDDHWma30I-00620-00238662-00238764 hopping.
0ZDDHWma30I-00621-00238764-00239184 I don't know what you call that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00622-00239184-00239284 [laughter]
0ZDDHWma30I-00623-00239284-00239464 Katy: Bar crawl.
0ZDDHWma30I-00624-00239464-00239564 Supraja: It's fun.
0ZDDHWma30I-00625-00239564-00239905 It's not specific to engineers.
0ZDDHWma30I-00626-00239905-00240523 Since it's called Women's Society of Engineers, I know men who are part of the society as
0ZDDHWma30I-00627-00240523-00240623 well.
0ZDDHWma30I-00628-00240623-00240723 It's a very interesting thing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00629-00240723-00241454 Paula: We sponsor things with SWE too, so Rackham does do a lot of co-sponsorship with
0ZDDHWma30I-00630-00241454-00241554 groups like that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00631-00241554-00241998 Kyle: Both my program in higher education and the School of Education have social groups
0ZDDHWma30I-00632-00241998-00242730 that will organize very similar events or football game tailgates in the fall, but also
0ZDDHWma30I-00633-00242730-00243046 professional development opportunities.
0ZDDHWma30I-00634-00243046-00243392 Speakers will come in that they'll host.
0ZDDHWma30I-00635-00243392-00243654 We can also have a chili cook-off.
0ZDDHWma30I-00636-00243654-00244175 It's a variety of programming that those two organizations will put together.
0ZDDHWma30I-00637-00244175-00244405 Miguel: It's the same in public policy.
0ZDDHWma30I-00638-00244405-00245090 I could not name how many organizations are there organizing things, because you can find
0ZDDHWma30I-00639-00245090-00245869 an event, even twice per week, or something like that, when you can do...As you said,
0ZDDHWma30I-00640-00245869-00246496 there are tailgates or a conference or a lunch with a speaker, or an afternoon meeting with
0ZDDHWma30I-00641-00246496-00246927 a professor of faculty.
0ZDDHWma30I-00642-00246927-00247057 It's amazing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00643-00247057-00247309 You can really find a lot of things to do.
0ZDDHWma30I-00644-00247309-00247489 Supraja: You have cultural nights as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-00645-00247489-00248114 If you want to experience different cultures, like you have the Malaysian night, and then
0ZDDHWma30I-00646-00248114-00248602 you have Indian festivals that are being organized.
0ZDDHWma30I-00647-00248602-00249265 Like I said, those emails mention them in their weekly updates.
0ZDDHWma30I-00648-00249265-00249705 I learned a lot of stuff going to these cultural nights.
0ZDDHWma30I-00649-00249705-00250467 You have these assumptions about certain people, and it really does break...These events help
0ZDDHWma30I-00650-00250467-00250850 you forget about those clichés.
0ZDDHWma30I-00651-00250850-00251348 Katy: I just want to plug the University Musical Society.
0ZDDHWma30I-00652-00251348-00251660 UMS is a huge organization on campus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00653-00251660-00252288 They bring in truly an astounding caliber of musicians.
0ZDDHWma30I-00654-00252288-00252673 Students have access twice a year -- once in September and once in December -- to the
0ZDDHWma30I-00655-00252673-00252816 half-price ticket sales.
0ZDDHWma30I-00656-00252816-00253223 You can get tickets to literally anything they put on for half price.
0ZDDHWma30I-00657-00253223-00253582 That could be balcony seats where you can pay...I have seen world class musicians.
0ZDDHWma30I-00658-00253582-00254479 The prices are cheap enough that you can say, "Sure, I will go see an ancient Chinese violin
0ZDDHWma30I-00659-00254479-00254579 symphony."
0ZDDHWma30I-00660-00254579-00254760 Kyle: Or the San Francisco orchestra.
0ZDDHWma30I-00661-00254760-00255442 Katy: Philip Glass premiered the working rehearsal of "Einstein on the Beach."
0ZDDHWma30I-00662-00255442-00255581 I've seen Yo-Yo Ma.
0ZDDHWma30I-00663-00255581-00255702 I've seen bluegrass.
0ZDDHWma30I-00664-00255702-00255890 I've seen amazing things.
0ZDDHWma30I-00665-00255890-00256338 It's so accessible, and they're always walkable to campus, which is really nice.
0ZDDHWma30I-00666-00256338-00256667 You don't have to go into a city to see them.
0ZDDHWma30I-00667-00256667-00257059 Paula: Kyle, you did a riff on what Ann Arbor's like.
0ZDDHWma30I-00668-00257059-00257384 Do you care to do that again?
0ZDDHWma30I-00669-00257384-00257769 Kyle: I just said that for the size Ann Arbor tends to punch above its weight.
0ZDDHWma30I-00670-00257769-00258568 We have those great cultural aspects here that are a great benefit of being a part of
0ZDDHWma30I-00671-00258568-00259126 the place like the University of Michigan, which attracts that kind of talent on a regular
0ZDDHWma30I-00672-00259126-00259226 basis.
0ZDDHWma30I-00673-00259226-00259630 We also have the longest running independent film series in the United States.
0ZDDHWma30I-00674-00259630-00259787 That happens in March.
0ZDDHWma30I-00675-00259787-00260190 Just next week Ann Arbor Art Fair will bring something like half a million of people through
0ZDDHWma30I-00676-00260190-00260600 town over the course of a four or five day period.
0ZDDHWma30I-00677-00260600-00261217 That brings artists from across the country and around the world to send on our streets.
0ZDDHWma30I-00678-00261217-00261903 You can walk around and see that and appreciate those kind of expressions.
0ZDDHWma30I-00679-00261903-00262625 In a few weeks I'll be at the Michigan Stadium for the Real Madrid/Manchester United soccer
0ZDDHWma30I-00680-00262625-00262824 game.
0ZDDHWma30I-00681-00262824-00263399 They're playing games in places like New York, Chicago, Dallas, San Francisco, and Ann Arbor.
0ZDDHWma30I-00682-00263399-00263836 It's like, which one of these is not like the others?
0ZDDHWma30I-00683-00263836-00264418 It's a really interesting part about being here in that you have access to these world-class
0ZDDHWma30I-00684-00264418-00264917 events in what is a relatively small but really vibrant college community.
0ZDDHWma30I-00685-00264917-00265330 Paula: You guys actually had a couple of things that I want to talk about a little more, or
0ZDDHWma30I-00686-00265330-00265480 have you talk about.
0ZDDHWma30I-00687-00265480-00265810 UMS Art Fair, those are unique Ann Arbor things.
0ZDDHWma30I-00688-00265810-00266308 Let's think about it, some of the things that we think about as common language here but
0ZDDHWma30I-00689-00266308-00266759 people may need to know ahead of time, or even come in habits.
0ZDDHWma30I-00690-00266759-00267032 One is 10 after the hour.
0ZDDHWma30I-00691-00267032-00267522 Classes always start at 10 after the hour.
0ZDDHWma30I-00692-00267522-00267818 If it's 2:00, it starts at 2:10.
0ZDDHWma30I-00693-00267818-00267918 Katy: That is called...
0ZDDHWma30I-00694-00267918-00268018 Group: Michigan Time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00695-00268018-00268118 Paula: But don't be late for a faculty meeting.
0ZDDHWma30I-00696-00268118-00268305 If they say 2:00, then it's 2:00.
0ZDDHWma30I-00697-00268305-00268749 Supraja: Only classes start at Michigan time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00698-00268749-00268928 The rest are one time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00699-00268928-00269595 Paula: What other things, if you can think about, were surprising to you or new?
0ZDDHWma30I-00700-00269595-00270228 Katy: As not a football or sports person, I'm always amazed at the degree to which the
0ZDDHWma30I-00701-00270228-00270528 city shuts down on Saturdays during the fall.
0ZDDHWma30I-00702-00270528-00271071 It's almost impossible to drive anywhere near that area, which is a problem because there's
0ZDDHWma30I-00703-00271071-00271457 a really good Meijer, which is a cheaper grocery store.
0ZDDHWma30I-00704-00271457-00271672 There's major highway access that way.
0ZDDHWma30I-00705-00271672-00271772 It's almost un-walkable.
0ZDDHWma30I-00706-00271772-00271951 Paula: Yeah, they literally shut down.
0ZDDHWma30I-00707-00271951-00272247 Katy: They literally will shut down streets.
0ZDDHWma30I-00708-00272247-00272715 It's something to be aware of, especially if you live near the stadium, that Saturdays
0ZDDHWma30I-00709-00272715-00272968 there will be people all over your lawn.
0ZDDHWma30I-00710-00272968-00273457 They will be...
0ZDDHWma30I-00711-00273457-00274064 The population of the city doubles on football Saturdays, and it's concentrated in a very
0ZDDHWma30I-00712-00274064-00274164 small part of campus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00713-00274164-00274818 Kyle: You can also see businesses around town, their operating hours will say, "Except Saturday
0ZDDHWma30I-00714-00274818-00274958 December 6th."
0ZDDHWma30I-00715-00274958-00275419 It goes through the home game schedule.
0ZDDHWma30I-00716-00275419-00275589 It really does overwhelm the place.
0ZDDHWma30I-00717-00275589-00275752 Natalie: I'm sorry to interrupt you.
0ZDDHWma30I-00718-00275752-00276101 Have you any of you seen a Michigan football game?
0ZDDHWma30I-00719-00276101-00276379 Kyle: Yeah, I've been to all of them.
0ZDDHWma30I-00720-00276379-00276854 Natalie: Anything you'd like to say to students who haven't experienced that?
0ZDDHWma30I-00721-00276854-00277364 Miguel: In my experience, I was amazed by the size of the stadium.
0ZDDHWma30I-00722-00277364-00277701 In Mexico there's a stadium where it's very famous all over the world because it's very
0ZDDHWma30I-00723-00277701-00277801 big.
0ZDDHWma30I-00724-00277801-00278019 When I arrived someone said, "Oh, yeah, the stadium is very big."
0ZDDHWma30I-00725-00278019-00278202 I said, "Oh, yeah, of course."
0ZDDHWma30I-00726-00278202-00278469 Then I search on Wikipedia, and it's bigger.
0ZDDHWma30I-00727-00278469-00279234 It was awesome, and it was most incredible to see how the town changes in one day.
0ZDDHWma30I-00728-00279234-00279596 There are many people in the streets, and it's not only drunk guys.
0ZDDHWma30I-00729-00279596-00279942 There are many kinds of people.
0ZDDHWma30I-00730-00279942-00280278 They are all enjoying the game.
0ZDDHWma30I-00731-00280278-00280717 Even many people in the stadium seem that they not are understanding very well, but
0ZDDHWma30I-00732-00280717-00281387 they are having fun, and they are having a great time just sharing the time with the
0ZDDHWma30I-00733-00281387-00281487 community.
0ZDDHWma30I-00734-00281487-00281587 It's an amazing experience.
0ZDDHWma30I-00735-00281587-00282097 Kyle: Yeah, I would say even if you don't have any interest in football, just as a sociological
0ZDDHWma30I-00736-00282097-00282258 experience.
0ZDDHWma30I-00737-00282258-00283105 Going to a cultural athletic event with 112,000 other people, and knowing that you are part
0ZDDHWma30I-00738-00283105-00283604 of the largest group of people doing that one particular thing on a given day in the
0ZDDHWma30I-00739-00283604-00283936 world, it's a special thing here.
0ZDDHWma30I-00740-00283936-00284337 I would say to give it a try at least, one time, at least for nothing else just for the
0ZDDHWma30I-00741-00284337-00284491 spectacle of all of it.
0ZDDHWma30I-00742-00284491-00284844 Supraja: You see a lot of interesting things happening on football nights.
0ZDDHWma30I-00743-00284844-00284980 I once saw this...
0ZDDHWma30I-00744-00284980-00285080 Kyle: Careful.
0ZDDHWma30I-00745-00285080-00285180 [laughter]
0ZDDHWma30I-00746-00285180-00285710 Supraja: Undergrad kids wearing just shorts, late, fall, super cold night, running around
0ZDDHWma30I-00747-00285710-00285892 shouting slogans like...It's fun.
0ZDDHWma30I-00748-00285892-00286029 It's very interesting.
0ZDDHWma30I-00749-00286029-00286704 Chukwuka: I would absolutely piggyback off that and just say if you are remotely interested
0ZDDHWma30I-00750-00286704-00286853 in football, definitely get season tickets.
0ZDDHWma30I-00751-00286853-00287025 You've gotten the email by now I'm sure.
0ZDDHWma30I-00752-00287025-00287221 Make sure you get that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00753-00287221-00287470 It will save you money in the end.
0ZDDHWma30I-00754-00287470-00288024 Even if not, not a huge football fan just like Kyle said, make sure you got to at least
0ZDDHWma30I-00755-00288024-00288124 one.
0ZDDHWma30I-00756-00288124-00288243 People will let you know what are the biggest games of the season.
0ZDDHWma30I-00757-00288243-00288407 Try and get tickets to those.
0ZDDHWma30I-00758-00288407-00288958 To piggyback off of what you said as well, it's the largest stadium in all of the US
0ZDDHWma30I-00759-00288958-00289073 for football.
0ZDDHWma30I-00760-00289073-00289807 I would say for the homecoming game that was my biggest experience when I came to Ann Arbor,
0ZDDHWma30I-00761-00289807-00290286 coming from a school that didn't have as large of a sports culture.
0ZDDHWma30I-00762-00290286-00290725 It's definitely something to check out, if once.
0ZDDHWma30I-00763-00290725-00291282 Miguel: When I finish the game, people told me in 20 years you won't remember a single
0ZDDHWma30I-00764-00291282-00291621 lecture of all the program, but you will remember this game.
0ZDDHWma30I-00765-00291621-00291817 I think he was right.
0ZDDHWma30I-00766-00291817-00291917 [laughter]
0ZDDHWma30I-00767-00291917-00292163 Miguel: It's an amazing experience.
0ZDDHWma30I-00768-00292163-00292336 Paula: That's interesting.
0ZDDHWma30I-00769-00292336-00292436 Things are defining.
0ZDDHWma30I-00770-00292436-00292729 It sounds like Musical Society is certainly defining, the sports program, the football
0ZDDHWma30I-00771-00292729-00292885 program, it sounds like.
0ZDDHWma30I-00772-00292885-00293682 What other things do you think of as defining when you think about Ann Arbor or the University
0ZDDHWma30I-00773-00293682-00293782 of Michigan?
0ZDDHWma30I-00774-00293782-00294189 Things that you think, well this makes us a really cool place.
0ZDDHWma30I-00775-00294189-00294464 Supraja: The restaurants out here are so diverse.
0ZDDHWma30I-00776-00294464-00294778 A lot of choices.
0ZDDHWma30I-00777-00294778-00295192 I think that would be a big part of Ann Arbor.
0ZDDHWma30I-00778-00295192-00296125 Kyle: In case folks who are coming here have not heard, winter here can be a bit challenging.
0ZDDHWma30I-00779-00296125-00296360 Literally defining elements.
0ZDDHWma30I-00780-00296360-00297118 But for the struggles of winter, through a good deal of snow and a good deal of cold
0ZDDHWma30I-00781-00297118-00298187 wind that you need to buy a big jacket for, this time of year, in the fall, really define
0ZDDHWma30I-00782-00298187-00298896 Ann Arbor for me because it is an impossibly beautiful place to spend these months.
0ZDDHWma30I-00783-00298896-00299697 To run around time or to go to the arboretum or to just be on the center of campus, which
0ZDDHWma30I-00784-00299697-00300374 you should know is called the Diag, and see the changing colors of fall.
0ZDDHWma30I-00785-00300374-00300545 That's a really special time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00786-00300545-00301174 That also adds to, I think, the culture around football, is that it happens at this time
0ZDDHWma30I-00787-00301174-00301613 of the year where you just feel a special energy about the place, where people have
0ZDDHWma30I-00788-00301613-00301894 come back from the summer and everyone's excited to be here.
0ZDDHWma30I-00789-00301894-00302401 In the wintertime we hibernate a little bit, but once the spring starts and through the
0ZDDHWma30I-00790-00302401-00302618 fall, it's really a great place to be.
0ZDDHWma30I-00791-00302618-00303123 Kristye: I want to say that winter gets a bad rep, and I'm from the South, so I don't
0ZDDHWma30I-00792-00303123-00303273 like the cold.
0ZDDHWma30I-00793-00303273-00303952 But I can appreciate the winter here because just as much as the spring and summer is beautiful,
0ZDDHWma30I-00794-00303952-00304483 the winter, although at the end you might not feel this way, is beautiful as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-00795-00304483-00304850 There's still a lot of things going on at that time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00796-00304850-00305263 People like to ski.
0ZDDHWma30I-00797-00305263-00305831 I've been to outdoor festivals, like in Frankenmuth, where they have this ice thing going on.
0ZDDHWma30I-00798-00305831-00306098 There are things that are still going on.
0ZDDHWma30I-00799-00306098-00306198 It doesn't just stop.
0ZDDHWma30I-00800-00306198-00306600 There's still lots of things, and you can appreciate the beauty of the wintertime as
0ZDDHWma30I-00801-00306600-00306700 well.
0ZDDHWma30I-00802-00306700-00307243 Kyle: It's also important to note that I, also as a Southerner, if we get two inches
0ZDDHWma30I-00803-00307243-00307473 of snow, everything is closed.
0ZDDHWma30I-00804-00307473-00307677 But everything goes on here.
0ZDDHWma30I-00805-00307677-00308091 I promise you the bus will be on time and school will be open and life goes on.
0ZDDHWma30I-00806-00308091-00308257 Katy: People just dress for it.
0ZDDHWma30I-00807-00308257-00308669 Kyle: Get some big boots, get a good jacket, get a scarf, get a hat, you'll be fine.
0ZDDHWma30I-00808-00308669-00309181 Kristye: We had a snow day this year, but it wasn't a snow day.
0ZDDHWma30I-00809-00309181-00309840 It was a cold day, because it was severely cold, too cold to have students on campus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00810-00309840-00309969 I think that was the first...
0ZDDHWma30I-00811-00309969-00310177 Katy: In like 50 years or something.
0ZDDHWma30I-00812-00310177-00310277 Kristye: Yeah.
0ZDDHWma30I-00813-00310277-00310513 Kyle: 1978 was the last time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00814-00310513-00310638 Supraja: It was really cold.
0ZDDHWma30I-00815-00310638-00310738 Kyle: It was.
0ZDDHWma30I-00816-00310738-00311153 Katy: I will say that one of the things that always surprised me after I had been to other
0ZDDHWma30I-00817-00311153-00311572 universities is how short the break is between fall and winter semesters.
0ZDDHWma30I-00818-00311572-00312245 The fall semester will run until...sometimes I've had exams on like December 23rd.
0ZDDHWma30I-00819-00312245-00312617 Often times, there's work over the break, and it starts right back up again on January
0ZDDHWma30I-00820-00312617-00312768 3rd sometimes.
0ZDDHWma30I-00821-00312768-00313132 But there's four months of summer.
0ZDDHWma30I-00822-00313132-00313492 There's a full four months, which is different, if you're used to the quarter system or even
0ZDDHWma30I-00823-00313492-00313715 a sort of delayed semester.
0ZDDHWma30I-00824-00313715-00314305 I find that the beginning of the winter term, it's cold, it's dark, you haven't had much
0ZDDHWma30I-00825-00314305-00314683 of a rest, so it's more important than it could be at other places where you might get
0ZDDHWma30I-00826-00314683-00314801 the chance to go home.
0ZDDHWma30I-00827-00314801-00315201 I know a lot of, I have friends that are international students that just don't go home over the
0ZDDHWma30I-00828-00315201-00315484 break, because it is so short.
0ZDDHWma30I-00829-00315484-00316018 It's an important thing to check when you get here, to sort of plan, because I know,
0ZDDHWma30I-00830-00316018-00316448 I've had friends that have booked flight tickets home, and then had an exam four days later
0ZDDHWma30I-00831-00316448-00316764 and couldn't make it.
0ZDDHWma30I-00832-00316764-00317020 It's an uncommonly short break in between.
0ZDDHWma30I-00833-00317020-00317463 Kyle: Yeah, truth in advertising, we have fall semester and winter semester.
0ZDDHWma30I-00834-00317463-00317697 Which some people might know as spring semester, but.
0ZDDHWma30I-00835-00317697-00318234 We have winter term and we push spring-summer together in that moment.
0ZDDHWma30I-00836-00318234-00318767 Supraja: She mentioned about, booking flights in advance.
0ZDDHWma30I-00837-00318767-00319388 A lot of professors are ready to change their schedules to suit you.
0ZDDHWma30I-00838-00319388-00319621 They're not going to do it all the time.
0ZDDHWma30I-00839-00319621-00319795 But they are willing to accommodate.
0ZDDHWma30I-00840-00319795-00320464 A lot of professors, like, my class is 90 percent international students.
0ZDDHWma30I-00841-00320464-00320684 A lot of them wanted to go home.
0ZDDHWma30I-00842-00320684-00321128 When the professors give the exams daily, it's in the month of December.
0ZDDHWma30I-00843-00321128-00321489 When, like a bunch of people went in to talk to them.
0ZDDHWma30I-00844-00321489-00321786 They were willing to reschedule the exams, so that happens.
0ZDDHWma30I-00845-00321786-00321886 It's something.
0ZDDHWma30I-00846-00321886-00322014 Katy: It's worth an ask.
0ZDDHWma30I-00847-00322014-00322437 Paula: It's worth it asking, [inaudible 53:50] your faculty.
0ZDDHWma30I-00848-00322437-00322809 Are there other academic norms that you were surprised by that when you got here?
0ZDDHWma30I-00849-00322809-00322998 Again, it's hard to think back sometimes.
0ZDDHWma30I-00850-00322998-00323203 Supraja: You have to register for classes.
0ZDDHWma30I-00851-00323203-00323738 That kind of can be a bit challenging, when you don't understand in the beginning, but
0ZDDHWma30I-00852-00323738-00324058 then you get the hang of it.
0ZDDHWma30I-00853-00324058-00324499 Like Chukwuka said, you always have to be in touch with your coordinators, because they
0ZDDHWma30I-00854-00324499-00325252 know the best and they know which class...like the same class will be offered three times
0ZDDHWma30I-00855-00325252-00325578 a week, so which would suit your schedule best?
0ZDDHWma30I-00856-00325578-00326201 There's no time between the rest of your courses.
0ZDDHWma30I-00857-00326201-00326759 If you have any doubts, if you have an established relationship with your coordinator, all this
0ZDDHWma30I-00858-00326759-00326894 becomes nothing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00859-00326894-00327097 It's super easy.
0ZDDHWma30I-00860-00327097-00328015 Kyle: I was very confused and remain confused by the online platform that one uses to register
0ZDDHWma30I-00861-00328015-00328815 for classes, Wolverine Access, which, frankly, I find to be rather outdated and rather unintuitive,
0ZDDHWma30I-00862-00328815-00328991 difficult to navigate.
0ZDDHWma30I-00863-00328991-00329323 I would say to a new student, if you feel that way when you come in to register for
0ZDDHWma30I-00864-00329323-00329573 classes, you are not alone.
0ZDDHWma30I-00865-00329573-00330057 That graduate coordinator in your department could be a good resource.
0ZDDHWma30I-00866-00330057-00330419 I know trying to navigate and figure out, "Have I actually registered?"
0ZDDHWma30I-00867-00330419-00330519 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-00868-00330519-00331065 Kyle: It's an outdated system that I think we should improve.
0ZDDHWma30I-00869-00331065-00331761 But in the meantime, there are plenty of people who have found a way to actually go to class
0ZDDHWma30I-00870-00331761-00331864 and sign up for them.
0ZDDHWma30I-00871-00331864-00332008 Don't be afraid to ask people.
0ZDDHWma30I-00872-00332008-00332492 Or don't feel like you are really missing something just because the system seems odd.
0ZDDHWma30I-00873-00332492-00333031 Supraja: You have the course drop deadline thing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00874-00333031-00333296 I don't know the exact timeline...
0ZDDHWma30I-00875-00333296-00333484 Kyle: Three weeks.
0ZDDHWma30I-00876-00333484-00333797 Supraja: Yeah, after classes start.
0ZDDHWma30I-00877-00333797-00334367 Even if you haven't registered for a really important course, personally go talk to the
0ZDDHWma30I-00878-00334367-00334851 professor and he will try his best to accommodate you in his class, unless his class is filled
0ZDDHWma30I-00879-00334851-00335118 the capacity and there are no seats.
0ZDDHWma30I-00880-00335118-00335709 I know classes, super popular courses, where professors have allowed you to sit in classes,
0ZDDHWma30I-00881-00335709-00336342 and not exactly sit, even stand in classes sometimes so that they can accommodate you.
0ZDDHWma30I-00882-00336342-00336806 Katy: I will say that registration is really important because of a lot of student benefits
0ZDDHWma30I-00883-00336806-00337017 that are tied to your registration.
0ZDDHWma30I-00884-00337017-00337403 It's a really important thing in terms of your health insurance sometimes, the distinction
0ZDDHWma30I-00885-00337403-00337724 between are you a part time student or a fulltime student?
0ZDDHWma30I-00886-00337724-00338208 It's a really good question for your department what constitutes as fulltime in our department,
0ZDDHWma30I-00887-00338208-00338784 because there are differences even between programs or between years in my department's
0ZDDHWma30I-00888-00338784-00338905 case.
0ZDDHWma30I-00889-00338905-00339634 As much as your fellow students can often be a resource, the requirements change.
0ZDDHWma30I-00890-00339634-00339844 The health insurance can change.
0ZDDHWma30I-00891-00339844-00340322 It's always best with something as important as registration to double check it.
0ZDDHWma30I-00892-00340322-00340871 Paula: Talk about the grant coordinators or the [inaudible 56:55] coordinators people
0ZDDHWma30I-00893-00340871-00341074 call them too, important people.
0ZDDHWma30I-00894-00341074-00341398 We haven't talked about faculty mentors and advisors.
0ZDDHWma30I-00895-00341398-00341985 I don't know if anyone wants to talk about advice or suggestions they would give to maximize
0ZDDHWma30I-00896-00341985-00342121 that relationship.
0ZDDHWma30I-00897-00342121-00342663 Chukwuka: To start, I think one of the main mindsets you have to come into graduate school
0ZDDHWma30I-00898-00342663-00343345 kind of being aware of is that not only are you going to be a student of the faculty and
0ZDDHWma30I-00899-00343345-00343760 of the different instructors and professors, but you're also going to be, in many cases,
0ZDDHWma30I-00900-00343760-00344037 during a research component, collaborators and colleagues with them.
0ZDDHWma30I-00901-00344037-00345002 In my opinion that's a huge mental stepping stone to really get that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00902-00345002-00345511 Having that relationship be collaborative and back and forth will really improve the
0ZDDHWma30I-00903-00345511-00346351 dynamic, whereas you don't really want it to be a dominant/subservient kind of relationship.
0ZDDHWma30I-00904-00346351-00346613 You're obviously going to be learning from them, but they can also learn from you.
0ZDDHWma30I-00905-00346613-00347132 You have to be able to understand that you are coming here to make a contribution, and
0ZDDHWma30I-00906-00347132-00347316 they're also working with you to do that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00907-00347316-00347940 I think that's really important, to put yourself into the right state when pursuing your graduate
0ZDDHWma30I-00908-00347940-00348632 degree and also making sure you meet with them weekly, establishing the relationship.
0ZDDHWma30I-00909-00348632-00349290 Have it not only based on academics, but be able to talk to them about social things,
0ZDDHWma30I-00910-00349290-00349734 sports activities, what they're interested in, how their family is doing.
0ZDDHWma30I-00911-00349734-00350103 Really forming a relationship with your advisor or your faculty that you'll be in contact
0ZDDHWma30I-00912-00350103-00350224 with is very important.
0ZDDHWma30I-00913-00350224-00350604 Katy: Actually, to piggyback off of that, I think it's important to realize that not
0ZDDHWma30I-00914-00350604-00351130 everybody's advisor/advisee relationship looks the same.
0ZDDHWma30I-00915-00351130-00351416 I actually don't discuss much of my personal life with my advisor.
0ZDDHWma30I-00916-00351416-00351840 I got married on the fly.
0ZDDHWma30I-00917-00351840-00351963 [laughter]
0ZDDHWma30I-00918-00351963-00352305 Katy: It just wasn't part of our relationship.
0ZDDHWma30I-00919-00352305-00352664 I know sometimes it would feel overwhelming, because you would hear somebody talk about,
0ZDDHWma30I-00920-00352664-00353022 "I went to drinks with my professor, and we were talking about our kids," and how amazing
0ZDDHWma30I-00921-00353022-00353122 that was.
0ZDDHWma30I-00922-00353122-00353468 I'm sitting there thinking, "My advisor doesn't even know where I'm from.
0ZDDHWma30I-00923-00353468-00353704 Am I doing it wrong?"
0ZDDHWma30I-00924-00353704-00354243 To realize that different relationships look different and it's up to you.
0ZDDHWma30I-00925-00354243-00354667 For me it was a really big step to realize that I could have many mentors.
0ZDDHWma30I-00926-00354667-00355342 I have one official advisor in terms of my dissertation, but I have many mentors.
0ZDDHWma30I-00927-00355342-00355824 Some of my mentors are better at other skills, so I do have somebody that I can go to if
0ZDDHWma30I-00928-00355824-00356023 I have a personal problem.
0ZDDHWma30I-00929-00356023-00356359 I have career advisors.
0ZDDHWma30I-00930-00356359-00356787 Having "Team Katy" is more effective for me.
0ZDDHWma30I-00931-00356787-00356896 There's so many...
0ZDDHWma30I-00932-00356896-00357025 Chukwuka: It takes a village.
0ZDDHWma30I-00933-00357025-00357373 Katy: It does take a village.
0ZDDHWma30I-00934-00357373-00357553 There are many ways to get through a PhD.
0ZDDHWma30I-00935-00357553-00358226 I know it was one of the big shifts for me, realizing that, in my department...at times
0ZDDHWma30I-00936-00358226-00358575 I still feel like everybody but me wants to be a professor.
0ZDDHWma30I-00937-00358575-00358996 I'm open to that, but I'm not sure that it's exactly what I want.
0ZDDHWma30I-00938-00358996-00359619 It was important for me to start reaching out for people that could mentor me in a different
0ZDDHWma30I-00939-00359619-00360094 career path if that's what I wanted.
0ZDDHWma30I-00940-00360094-00360514 Kristye: I want to piggyback off of what she...
0ZDDHWma30I-00941-00360514-00360614 [laughter]
0ZDDHWma30I-00942-00360614-00360983 Kristye: I find that it's very easy to established mentorship here.
0ZDDHWma30I-00943-00360983-00361706 I actually am not sure if the actual clinical practice of pharmacy is something that I wanted
0ZDDHWma30I-00944-00361706-00362222 to do, but I knew that I wanted to do research maybe a more public type of area.
0ZDDHWma30I-00945-00362222-00362702 I have been able to go into the School of Public Health and find mentors there.
0ZDDHWma30I-00946-00362702-00362977 One of my greatest mentors is a physician here.
0ZDDHWma30I-00947-00362977-00363478 One of my other mentors is in dietary sciences.
0ZDDHWma30I-00948-00363478-00363920 You are able to get the people that you need.
0ZDDHWma30I-00949-00363920-00364114 You just have to be a go getter.
0ZDDHWma30I-00950-00364114-00364466 You have to be active in trying to establish those relationships with people.
0ZDDHWma30I-00951-00364466-00364644 A lot of people are open to that.
0ZDDHWma30I-00952-00364644-00364964 Natalie: Can I ask you, how does one establish a mentoring relationship?
0ZDDHWma30I-00953-00364964-00365200 How do you find these magical people?
0ZDDHWma30I-00954-00365200-00365300 What do you do?
0ZDDHWma30I-00955-00365300-00365451 Kristye: I use people find other people.
0ZDDHWma30I-00956-00365451-00365903 I might find one person, and I start talking to them about what I'm interested in.
0ZDDHWma30I-00957-00365903-00366322 That person is like, "Oh, I know somebody who may be able to help you."
0ZDDHWma30I-00958-00366322-00366621 Then they introduce me to somebody else.
0ZDDHWma30I-00959-00366621-00366864 That's kind of how I made my way around campus.
0ZDDHWma30I-00960-00366864-00367638 Supraja: I'd like to add a different perspective to this, because it's a lot of research oriented
0ZDDHWma30I-00961-00367638-00367790 stuff, advisors.
0ZDDHWma30I-00962-00367790-00368497 I'm from a professional program, as such, so we don't have advisors assigned to us.
0ZDDHWma30I-00963-00368497-00368984 I'm not even sure if we have like assigned mentors as such.
0ZDDHWma30I-00964-00368984-00369582 But we have the set of professors who take classes regularly for us.
0ZDDHWma30I-00965-00369582-00369929 Each semester, they take at least one course for us.
0ZDDHWma30I-00966-00369929-00370354 It's important to establish relationships with those professors, because they have professional
0ZDDHWma30I-00967-00370354-00370881 friends outside as well who can...They can direct you to them or they can give you profession
0ZDDHWma30I-00968-00370881-00371206 advice as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-00969-00371206-00371684 Because they have experience outside academics.
0ZDDHWma30I-00970-00371684-00372640 Then, another big part of your relationship with faculty is faculty have office hours
0ZDDHWma30I-00971-00372640-00372821 assigned for each course.
0ZDDHWma30I-00972-00372821-00373174 You should make sure you go to those office hours.
0ZDDHWma30I-00973-00373174-00374142 It may not be about the subject, you can ask about the general area that you're interested
0ZDDHWma30I-00974-00374142-00374242 in.
0ZDDHWma30I-00975-00374242-00374676 Or maybe you can approach them about a certain idea you have and you want to research more
0ZDDHWma30I-00976-00374676-00374827 on.
0ZDDHWma30I-00977-00374827-00375206 You can ask if he can help you give more directions to us.
0ZDDHWma30I-00978-00375206-00375306 That's very important.
0ZDDHWma30I-00979-00375306-00375422 Officers are very important.
0ZDDHWma30I-00980-00375422-00375990 A lot of people religiously write down those office hours, but they never go.
0ZDDHWma30I-00981-00375990-00376121 I used to do that as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-00982-00376121-00376460 But then I realized the importance of office hours.
0ZDDHWma30I-00983-00376460-00377103 Paula: Taking action and going to office hours when they're not necessarily a need of a particular
0ZDDHWma30I-00984-00377103-00377245 question, but to establish relationships.
0ZDDHWma30I-00985-00377245-00377682 Other sorts of things that you can think of creating those relationships.
0ZDDHWma30I-00986-00377682-00378359 Katy: I find, in general, that if you go before whenever your concern is a crisis is the best
0ZDDHWma30I-00987-00378359-00378459 way.
0ZDDHWma30I-00988-00378459-00379070 That it's very hard to establish long-term relationships with people if the only time
0ZDDHWma30I-00989-00379070-00379306 you see them is when you're in crisis.
0ZDDHWma30I-00990-00379306-00379707 Not that your mentor won't be very important to you when you are in a crisis.
0ZDDHWma30I-00991-00379707-00379920 Kyle: Not that crises are all that common.
0ZDDHWma30I-00992-00379920-00380248 Katy: Not that everybody has multiple crises.
0ZDDHWma30I-00993-00380248-00380824 It's important to reframe smaller problems away from crisis, because the language of
0ZDDHWma30I-00994-00380824-00381540 crisis is pretty [inaudible 01:03:37] , but I found that I am really nervous when I feel
0ZDDHWma30I-00995-00381540-00381906 like things aren't going well, so I'm not best self.
0ZDDHWma30I-00996-00381906-00382268 That's not great conditions for me to meet people out there.
0ZDDHWma30I-00997-00382268-00382538 The speaker series has been important for me.
0ZDDHWma30I-00998-00382538-00383206 I go to different Rackham events and connect with students first and then use that if the
0ZDDHWma30I-00999-00383206-00383411 faculty seems intimidating.
0ZDDHWma30I-01000-00383411-00383762 It's sometimes easier to go through the graduate student that you know already works with that
0ZDDHWma30I-01001-00383762-00384738 faculty and ask, could you drop my name, and that sort of softens the beach, so to speak,
0ZDDHWma30I-01002-00384738-00385001 to making those connections.
0ZDDHWma30I-01003-00385001-00385462 Even if you aren't comfortable sort of cold going to office hours...There are a lot of
0ZDDHWma30I-01004-00385462-00385952 people who are willing to give advice about how to navigate those relationships, you just
0ZDDHWma30I-01005-00385952-00386126 have to be brave enough to ask.
0ZDDHWma30I-01006-00386126-00386417 Supraja: I have a point to add onto that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01007-00386417-00386922 When we were talking about graduates to her coordinators and how it is important to establish
0ZDDHWma30I-01008-00386922-00387458 a personal relationship with your coordinator, I know a lot of the students who, the graduate
0ZDDHWma30I-01009-00387458-00388053 students who are having the coordinators that are after them about filling a survey or submitting
0ZDDHWma30I-01010-00388053-00388170 your resumes on there.
0ZDDHWma30I-01011-00388170-00388587 But a lot of them do it in the last minute.
0ZDDHWma30I-01012-00388587-00388800 They have to be behind those people.
0ZDDHWma30I-01013-00388800-00389313 But when they have something that they need, like this letter that needs to be posted to
0ZDDHWma30I-01014-00389313-00390012 some company or reference or something, they go and go talk to the coordinator and think
0ZDDHWma30I-01015-00390012-00390374 that the coordinator's going to be like that, they're going to get the stuff done.
0ZDDHWma30I-01016-00390374-00390938 But when you have this personal relationship, when you're prompt in replying to their emails,
0ZDDHWma30I-01017-00390938-00391622 it's human nature, they're more willing to help you.
0ZDDHWma30I-01018-00391622-00392311 It's always important that you don't go only when you have a crisis.
0ZDDHWma30I-01019-00392311-00392894 You should always have this smooth, regular interaction with your faculty and coordinators.
0ZDDHWma30I-01020-00392894-00393376 Chukwuka: I think it's just a point to note as well, that a lot of the methods that we're
0ZDDHWma30I-01021-00393376-00393795 talking about in terms of forming these relationships are on ground, you would have to be here.
0ZDDHWma30I-01022-00393795-00394268 But I think you can even try and start forming those by sending an email right now to a professor
0ZDDHWma30I-01023-00394268-00394554 or faculty that you're interested in working with.
0ZDDHWma30I-01024-00394554-00395108 My experience is that they've been very receptive to that, responsive as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-01025-00395108-00395589 Even if that is not particularly the case, because all faculty and all students and everyone
0ZDDHWma30I-01026-00395589-00395919 here in the university is busy, because everyone's got a lot of things to do.
0ZDDHWma30I-01027-00395919-00396365 I would just say don't let that be a discouraging factor, obviously, you just keep going and
0ZDDHWma30I-01028-00396365-00396465 keep trying.
0ZDDHWma30I-01029-00396465-00396936 Kristye: Sometimes I found that you may have to send a few emails.
0ZDDHWma30I-01030-00396936-00397327 Not to the point where you become annoying, but just so that you can keep a presence.
0ZDDHWma30I-01031-00397327-00397846 Because some people -- we all get an overwhelming amount of emails.
0ZDDHWma30I-01032-00397846-00398461 If you can just drop a follow up email, a lot of times that does work, because people
0ZDDHWma30I-01033-00398461-00398613 check their emails and then they forget.
0ZDDHWma30I-01034-00398613-00399035 But then, if you follow up with them, they remember, "You know what, I need to respond
0ZDDHWma30I-01035-00399035-00399135 to this student."
0ZDDHWma30I-01036-00399135-00399235 Katy: That's important.
0ZDDHWma30I-01037-00399235-00399335 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-01038-00399335-00399462 Paula: I want to just jump in for a second.
0ZDDHWma30I-01039-00399462-00399909 You had mentioned, Chuky, about doing some, "Before you get here" sort of behavior.
0ZDDHWma30I-01040-00399909-00400520 Are there other things that you guys did before you entered, before you were on ground, as
0ZDDHWma30I-01041-00400520-00400738 you put, before you got here?
0ZDDHWma30I-01042-00400738-00400892 Kyle: I took a vacation.
0ZDDHWma30I-01043-00400892-00400992 [laughter]
0ZDDHWma30I-01044-00400992-00401817 Kyle: I came, most recently, from Nashville and drove up with all my things, just threw
0ZDDHWma30I-01045-00401817-00402756 everything into my apartment and, I think, a day later, just went on a 10-day vacation.
0ZDDHWma30I-01046-00402756-00403399 I went to the beach in South Carolina, and saw some of my family and saw some of my friends.
0ZDDHWma30I-01047-00403399-00403918 Not as a farewell tour, but more as a way to just reboot.
0ZDDHWma30I-01048-00403918-00404733 I had just finished about three years of working, I just really wanted that time to step away
0ZDDHWma30I-01049-00404733-00405358 and reflect a bit, and also relax and recharge my batteries, knowing that I was going to
0ZDDHWma30I-01050-00405358-00405949 be going into a pretty intensive transition period and a rigorous program here.
0ZDDHWma30I-01051-00405949-00406343 I also wanted to be really hot, when the cold came, I would appreciate that as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-01052-00406343-00406829 I wanted to be just as hot and humid as I could get, so I found it in South Carolina.
0ZDDHWma30I-01053-00406829-00407554 But I thought that was really great, just to have a little bit of time.
0ZDDHWma30I-01054-00407554-00408051 Not everyone's going to have that luxury, but if you can carve out a little bit of time,
0ZDDHWma30I-01055-00408051-00408606 I think, in August, before things really get going around Labor Day, I would really recommend
0ZDDHWma30I-01056-00408606-00408706 doing that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01057-00408706-00408897 Supraja: Yeah, that's important as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-01058-00408897-00409132 Do you want to go first?
0ZDDHWma30I-01059-00409132-00409232 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-01060-00409232-00409345 Supraja: Yeah, that's important.
0ZDDHWma30I-01061-00409345-00409834 Then checking into minor details like housing, which I never did.
0ZDDHWma30I-01062-00409834-00410300 I came here and I had to search for housing, that's important.
0ZDDHWma30I-01063-00410300-00410708 Then, looking up into your insurance, especially for international students.
0ZDDHWma30I-01064-00410708-00411315 In some countries, there's no concept of insurance, unless you really want to, you will take insurance.
0ZDDHWma30I-01065-00411315-00411575 Otherwise, you don't need insurance.
0ZDDHWma30I-01066-00411575-00412094 That's a surprising detail that a lot of them don't -- just flies off their head.
0ZDDHWma30I-01067-00412094-00412263 You should check into that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01068-00412263-00412942 Then international students, again...I'm kind of talking on the perspective of an international
0ZDDHWma30I-01069-00412942-00413589 student, make sure you have all the stuff you need, like clothes.
0ZDDHWma30I-01070-00413589-00414183 If you need some medical supplies, like medicines, prescriptions, that need to be filled, make
0ZDDHWma30I-01071-00414183-00414672 sure you have that, so that when you come here, you're not in a situation where it's
0ZDDHWma30I-01072-00414672-00414822 kind of difficult.
0ZDDHWma30I-01073-00414822-00415072 Paula: Those are great suggestions.
0ZDDHWma30I-01074-00415072-00415601 In fact, I think you're backing up some of the things that were said in the international
0ZDDHWma30I-01075-00415601-00415977 panel, so we'll make sure we link to that so that we get that out.
0ZDDHWma30I-01076-00415977-00416193 I think they're particular things for international students, too.
0ZDDHWma30I-01077-00416193-00416337 You were going to say something?
0ZDDHWma30I-01078-00416337-00416437 Miguel: Yeah.
0ZDDHWma30I-01079-00416437-00416810 [inaudible 01:09:34] was very helpful to contact that person that was studying the same that
0ZDDHWma30I-01080-00416810-00416939 I did.
0ZDDHWma30I-01081-00416939-00417171 I just asked him a lot of questions.
0ZDDHWma30I-01082-00417171-00417393 First, I felt like, I don't know, like so excited.
0ZDDHWma30I-01083-00417393-00418015 I said, "Oh, I'm just asking stupid questions, basic questions," but they are the types of
0ZDDHWma30I-01084-00418015-00418231 things that everybody are asking themselves.
0ZDDHWma30I-01085-00418231-00418430 He was very helpful for me.
0ZDDHWma30I-01086-00418430-00418885 He helped me just saying things like, "If you take this class and this class and this
0ZDDHWma30I-01087-00418885-00419027 class, you will make it.
0ZDDHWma30I-01088-00419027-00419325 You should take another one, because it's work."
0ZDDHWma30I-01089-00419325-00419807 That was a very good insight and I think if you have another question, you could ask another
0ZDDHWma30I-01090-00419807-00420068 student that he will give you a lot of advice.
0ZDDHWma30I-01091-00420068-00420702 Kristye: I came up here a month before school started, so I was here July, well, almost
0ZDDHWma30I-01092-00420702-00420896 two months before school started.
0ZDDHWma30I-01093-00420896-00421157 It's not only important to contact people about logistical things like where you're
0ZDDHWma30I-01094-00421157-00421271 going to live and things like that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01095-00421271-00421671 But it's also important, I'm sure many of you moved here without family.
0ZDDHWma30I-01096-00421671-00421973 It's also important to make those social connections.
0ZDDHWma30I-01097-00421973-00422588 Before I came here, I emailed other minority students in my program, so that we could meet
0ZDDHWma30I-01098-00422588-00422746 and greet before we got here.
0ZDDHWma30I-01099-00422746-00422996 Because I didn't have anybody else here.
0ZDDHWma30I-01100-00422996-00423244 I think that that's important as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-01101-00423244-00423709 Katy: I think that it's really easy when the school year gets started, especially the people
0ZDDHWma30I-01102-00423709-00424150 that you see all the time, your fellow graduate students...My program's really small, there's
0ZDDHWma30I-01103-00424150-00424383 only 10 of us, total.
0ZDDHWma30I-01104-00424383-00424701 It was very easy to slip into all school talk, all the time.
0ZDDHWma30I-01105-00424701-00425553 It was important, and we try and do it every year, to have a day where we talk, as humans.
0ZDDHWma30I-01106-00425553-00426050 Where we go to the beach or we go to the park and school talk is sort of off limits, so
0ZDDHWma30I-01107-00426050-00426318 that you know who these people are as people.
0ZDDHWma30I-01108-00426318-00426760 Because it's really easy to lose sight of that, especially when there are things that
0ZDDHWma30I-01109-00426760-00427172 are really important, like about this class, to recognize that these are people that they
0ZDDHWma30I-01110-00427172-00427384 have families, they have lives, they like certain music.
0ZDDHWma30I-01111-00427384-00427959 To be able to connect on things that are other than your immediate discipline can be really
0ZDDHWma30I-01112-00427959-00428076 enriching later on.
0ZDDHWma30I-01113-00428076-00428176 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-01114-00428176-00428438 Kyle: Off the topic of things to do in advance, but it's important.
0ZDDHWma30I-01115-00428438-00429148 I have a cohort of nine people, you do spend almost all of your waking hours around some
0ZDDHWma30I-01116-00429148-00429296 people from that cohort.
0ZDDHWma30I-01117-00429296-00429766 But we [inaudible 01:11:43] things as well, so we also make a point of once a month doing
0ZDDHWma30I-01118-00429766-00430000 a potluck dinner or something.
0ZDDHWma30I-01119-00430000-00430478 We appoint a referee, because, inevitably, we get into talking shop about different professors
0ZDDHWma30I-01120-00430478-00430857 in the class that semester say, "We're not talking about that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01121-00430857-00431006 What's the last movie that you saw?
0ZDDHWma30I-01122-00431006-00431259 Please, talk about anything that's not..."
0ZDDHWma30I-01123-00431259-00431359 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-01124-00431359-00431598 Kyle: Those are really good community building times, too.
0ZDDHWma30I-01125-00431598-00432002 Supraja: Yeah, those are really the important ones, I think.
0ZDDHWma30I-01126-00432002-00432645 Because, to be surrounded by your own classmates, you don't get a new perspective.
0ZDDHWma30I-01127-00432645-00433367 When you meet new people, you get, "Oh, this is happening," kind of feeling.
0ZDDHWma30I-01128-00433367-00434059 One more thing about socializing is that a lot of students tend to stick...For example,
0ZDDHWma30I-01129-00434059-00434500 I'm an international student from India and I tend to stick to...I've never done that
0ZDDHWma30I-01130-00434500-00435042 personally, but I know a lot of people who tend to stick to people from their own country,
0ZDDHWma30I-01131-00435042-00435201 and don't mingle with...
0ZDDHWma30I-01132-00435201-00435726 That kind of limits the experience that Ann Arbor has to offer.
0ZDDHWma30I-01133-00435726-00436277 We can experience so much diversity, so much new experiences.
0ZDDHWma30I-01134-00436277-00437005 I think when we do that, we miss out on a lot of things that we will remember way later
0ZDDHWma30I-01135-00437005-00437117 in life.
0ZDDHWma30I-01136-00437117-00437404 It's important to mingle, is what I had said.
0ZDDHWma30I-01137-00437404-00437842 Paula: You mentioned some things you do for fun, sports, we know that's [inaudible 01:13:08]
0ZDDHWma30I-01138-00437842-00438328 . Are there other things you'd say that you really look forward to or great ways that
0ZDDHWma30I-01139-00438328-00438935 you find are ways to have fun here in Ann Arbor that we haven't talked about?
0ZDDHWma30I-01140-00438935-00439520 Supraja: I am a part of the Ann Arbor Rowing Club, which is not part of the University
0ZDDHWma30I-01141-00439520-00439634 of Michigan.
0ZDDHWma30I-01142-00439634-00440055 University of Michigan has a rowing team as well, but I've never been a part of it.
0ZDDHWma30I-01143-00440055-00440682 I joined this summer, learned to row, and I'm a part of the novice team right now.
0ZDDHWma30I-01144-00440682-00440880 I'm actually going to race next weekend.
0ZDDHWma30I-01145-00440880-00441029 That's kind of exciting.
0ZDDHWma30I-01146-00441029-00441769 I'm no pro, but it's tough to do, nice tough to do.
0ZDDHWma30I-01147-00441769-00442284 I'm interning and then a good break would be to go for a rowing class in the evenings.
0ZDDHWma30I-01148-00442284-00442513 I get to meet a lot of different people.
0ZDDHWma30I-01149-00442513-00443204 Now I get, not only to meet students, but people who live lives, which are apart from
0ZDDHWma30I-01150-00443204-00443682 University of Michigan, who teach at Ann Arbor schools and work at...
0ZDDHWma30I-01151-00443682-00443782 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-01152-00443782-00444195 Kristye: I signed up for MeetUp.
0ZDDHWma30I-01153-00444195-00444414 It's a website.
0ZDDHWma30I-01154-00444414-00444872 I get an email every week, just telling me what MeetUp groups are going on.
0ZDDHWma30I-01155-00444872-00445372 It's different areas, so food and drink or club or religious affiliations.
0ZDDHWma30I-01156-00445372-00446139 I peruse that every week to see what's going on, and then make my decisions from there.
0ZDDHWma30I-01157-00446139-00446282 Paula: That's cool.
0ZDDHWma30I-01158-00446282-00446730 Katy: I actually have a writing group that I meet with that meets off campus.
0ZDDHWma30I-01159-00446730-00446978 I'm the only one doing academic writing.
0ZDDHWma30I-01160-00446978-00447422 Actually, everybody else is writing science fiction and fantasy novels.
0ZDDHWma30I-01161-00447422-00447821 But it's sort of nice to have a place where I still feel like I'm working, but it's in
0ZDDHWma30I-01162-00447821-00448084 a coffee shop and I'm not in the library.
0ZDDHWma30I-01163-00448084-00448436 I'm going to also give a plug for the Ann Arbor Libraries.
0ZDDHWma30I-01164-00448436-00448886 They have a really great library system with great talks and authors.
0ZDDHWma30I-01165-00448886-00449464 I find it really helpful to read things that aren't for school, that I am...
0ZDDHWma30I-01166-00449464-00449587 Paula: That's crazy.
0ZDDHWma30I-01167-00449587-00449710 Katy: Crazy time.
0ZDDHWma30I-01168-00449710-00450055 But I had a pretty difficult first year.
0ZDDHWma30I-01169-00450055-00450453 When I got here I sort of felt like everybody else was working all of the time, so I needed
0ZDDHWma30I-01170-00450453-00450557 to work all the time.
0ZDDHWma30I-01171-00450557-00451034 I used to keep this notebook full of books that other people referenced, which in the
0ZDDHWma30I-01172-00451034-00451276 Humanities is a pretty big deal.
0ZDDHWma30I-01173-00451276-00451763 Then, if I had any spare time, I would start reading things on that list and it got to
0ZDDHWma30I-01174-00451763-00452082 the point where I wasn't doing anything else.
0ZDDHWma30I-01175-00452082-00452607 I really had to stop this summer afterwards and take stock of what I was doing.
0ZDDHWma30I-01176-00452607-00453114 I actually have a firm cutoff time that I don't do work after a certain point, around
0ZDDHWma30I-01177-00453114-00453380 certain days, or for certain weeks.
0ZDDHWma30I-01178-00453380-00453811 It makes me more productive, because I'm excited about that vacation, I want to be able to
0ZDDHWma30I-01179-00453811-00453911 stop.
0ZDDHWma30I-01180-00453911-00454520 But it helps me feel like I am a real person, because you can, very much, let your identity
0ZDDHWma30I-01181-00454520-00454863 be some sort of subsumed under your...
0ZDDHWma30I-01182-00454863-00455539 It can lead to really great work, but sometimes at pretty great cost.
0ZDDHWma30I-01183-00455539-00455984 Finding whatever structures you need to feel a little bit of balance...
0ZDDHWma30I-01184-00455984-00456280 Supraja: I think that's a very important point.
0ZDDHWma30I-01185-00456280-00456380 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-01186-00456380-00456946 Natalie: I just wanted to mention that you're talking about this -- we'll definitely get
0ZDDHWma30I-01187-00456946-00457088 to your point.
0ZDDHWma30I-01188-00457088-00457742 Everyone around you is working very hard, you're at Michigan, the best and the brightest.
0ZDDHWma30I-01189-00457742-00457848 Kyle: Leaders and best.
0ZDDHWma30I-01190-00457848-00457982 Natalie: Leaders and best, sorry.
0ZDDHWma30I-01191-00457982-00458722 I wanted to hear from other people about how that realization came about for you and how
0ZDDHWma30I-01192-00458722-00459192 did you manage that, because I think it can be a difficult thing.
0ZDDHWma30I-01193-00459192-00459457 Supraja: That is exactly what I was going to add on, too.
0ZDDHWma30I-01194-00459457-00459557 Natalie: Perfect.
0ZDDHWma30I-01195-00459557-00460198 Supraja: It's a kind of glow on your self-confidence, in the sense...You constantly think that people
0ZDDHWma30I-01196-00460198-00460894 are better than you, you're not doing your best, you're not putting your best foot forward.
0ZDDHWma30I-01197-00460894-00461372 It goes to a point that instead of focusing on what's important, it's the fears that you
0ZDDHWma30I-01198-00461372-00461472 focus on, "Oh, my God.
0ZDDHWma30I-01199-00461472-00461757 I'm not doing this, I'm not doing this."
0ZDDHWma30I-01200-00461757-00462326 You should think that 4.0 GPA is not the only thing you are here for.
0ZDDHWma30I-01201-00462326-00462651 You are here for a lot of things.
0ZDDHWma30I-01202-00462651-00462809 You should focus on all.
0ZDDHWma30I-01203-00462809-00463017 You should have this right balance.
0ZDDHWma30I-01204-00463017-00463446 You should always be confident about your abilities.
0ZDDHWma30I-01205-00463446-00463992 You might not get the best grade in your class, but it does not mean that you have no skills
0ZDDHWma30I-01206-00463992-00464092 at all.
0ZDDHWma30I-01207-00464092-00464497 You have some of the skills, which are way better than the others in your class.
0ZDDHWma30I-01208-00464497-00465052 You should capitalize on your skills, on your plus points.
0ZDDHWma30I-01209-00465052-00465789 When you do that, you enjoy your entire experience, it's not like this whole, depressing stretch.
0ZDDHWma30I-01210-00465789-00466296 Like she said, my first year was very difficult in the sense that I was thinking, "Oh, my
0ZDDHWma30I-01211-00466296-00466396 God.
0ZDDHWma30I-01212-00466396-00466496 I'm such a loser.
0ZDDHWma30I-01213-00466496-00466715 I don't know anything about the subject."
0ZDDHWma30I-01214-00466715-00467214 Math was really difficult for me, though I did an undergrad degree in math.
0ZDDHWma30I-01215-00467214-00467359 Math was really difficult.
0ZDDHWma30I-01216-00467359-00468037 But now I understand that I might not be good at math, but I'm really good at business courses
0ZDDHWma30I-01217-00468037-00468797 and my communication skills are good, so I should concentrate on those so that I going
0ZDDHWma30I-01218-00468797-00468909 forward I do better.
0ZDDHWma30I-01219-00468909-00469069 Kyle: That's what I did.
0ZDDHWma30I-01220-00469069-00469187 Oh, go ahead.
0ZDDHWma30I-01221-00469187-00469682 Chukwuka: It's kind of reiterating some of the points, but there's a term for this, it's
0ZDDHWma30I-01222-00469682-00469807 called imposter syndrome.
0ZDDHWma30I-01223-00469807-00470264 I think it's prevalent at any higher education institution.
0ZDDHWma30I-01224-00470264-00470855 It's just something that you really need to kind of step back, breathe, and say, "Everyone
0ZDDHWma30I-01225-00470855-00471073 has some type of struggle at some point."
0ZDDHWma30I-01226-00471073-00471490 Graduate school is a sign way that goes up and down, there are high points, there are
0ZDDHWma30I-01227-00471490-00471590 difficult points.
0ZDDHWma30I-01228-00471590-00471714 But at the end of it, it's always...
0ZDDHWma30I-01229-00471714-00471814 Kyle: You're still here.
0ZDDHWma30I-01230-00471814-00472165 Chukwuka: You're still here and you're working towards a degree, just like everyone else.
0ZDDHWma30I-01231-00472165-00472376 It's just important to keep that perspective.
0ZDDHWma30I-01232-00472376-00472890 Any time you start to feel overwhelmed, which you will at some point in your graduate career.
0ZDDHWma30I-01233-00472890-00473471 But it is not the end of the world, you should have a support group that you can go to to
0ZDDHWma30I-01234-00473471-00473838 discuss these things, get yourself out of a funk, and keep going.
0ZDDHWma30I-01235-00473838-00474255 If you have that there, it's only temporary.
0ZDDHWma30I-01236-00474255-00474967 Kyle: What I've told new students coming in is that you know that our faculty people here
0ZDDHWma30I-01237-00474967-00475226 are very smart and insightful.
0ZDDHWma30I-01238-00475226-00475539 I said if you're on an admissions committee, they don't make mistakes.
0ZDDHWma30I-01239-00475539-00476013 Everyone who's here belongs here, deserves to be here, and has something to offer.
0ZDDHWma30I-01240-00476013-00476573 I also advise them to...One thing that I've found out was when I have those [inaudible
0ZDDHWma30I-01241-00476573-00477121 01:19:36] moments, I go back and look at my application to come here.
0ZDDHWma30I-01242-00477121-00477221 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-01243-00477221-00477573 Kyle: ...my Statement of Purpose and then my personal statement and I remind myself
0ZDDHWma30I-01244-00477573-00477867 of why did I get into this?
0ZDDHWma30I-01245-00477867-00477967 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-01246-00477967-00478344 Kyle: Every time I read it, I just sort of, "Oh, right, I came for those three things
0ZDDHWma30I-01247-00478344-00478496 and I'm doing that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01248-00478496-00478775 I'm doing a pretty good job and I'm still here.
0ZDDHWma30I-01249-00478775-00479282 Let me just take hope from some of my original motivation."
0ZDDHWma30I-01250-00479282-00479882 You can kind of lose sight of that in the mix of things that you're being asked to do.
0ZDDHWma30I-01251-00479882-00480475 But to go back, your foundational principles for this whole enterprise is really important,
0ZDDHWma30I-01252-00480475-00480575 too.
0ZDDHWma30I-01253-00480575-00481189 Miguel: I think you can get from graduate school what you want.
0ZDDHWma30I-01254-00481189-00481563 You have to work hard and you have to work with your colleagues.
0ZDDHWma30I-01255-00481563-00482005 You have to do your best, and then feel at the end of the class [inaudible 01:20:30]
0ZDDHWma30I-01256-00482005-00482105 with their grade.
0ZDDHWma30I-01257-00482105-00482205 That's fine.
0ZDDHWma30I-01258-00482205-00482421 If you get what you want, and if you get the skills that you are needed to nurture for
0ZDDHWma30I-01259-00482421-00482876 your life, in order to prove your ability for the future, it's fine.
0ZDDHWma30I-01260-00482876-00483462 It depends up to you what kind of resource or what kind of objective you want to get
0ZDDHWma30I-01261-00483462-00483613 from here.
0ZDDHWma30I-01262-00483613-00483961 Yeah, getting an A plus is not always important.
0ZDDHWma30I-01263-00483961-00484113 It's more important to really learn what's...
0ZDDHWma30I-01264-00484113-00484213 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-01265-00484213-00484615 Paula: Go ahead, Kristye, because you had something you had suggested last time that
0ZDDHWma30I-01266-00484615-00484758 was real helpful.
0ZDDHWma30I-01267-00484758-00485357 Kristye: I was going to say that it's hard sometimes when you find yourself studying
0ZDDHWma30I-01268-00485357-00485807 and not getting the returns back on your studying.
0ZDDHWma30I-01269-00485807-00486373 You may invest several hours into studying for an exam or writing a paper, something
0ZDDHWma30I-01270-00486373-00486803 of that nature, and then you don't get the grade that you anticipate getting.
0ZDDHWma30I-01271-00486803-00487129 I know my program is very competitive.
0ZDDHWma30I-01272-00487129-00487534 It sometimes can be competitive amongst each other.
0ZDDHWma30I-01273-00487534-00488122 I always have to remind myself, and you all may have read this before in a book called
0ZDDHWma30I-01274-00488122-00488222 The Four Agreements.
0ZDDHWma30I-01275-00488222-00488459 One of the things is to always do your best.
0ZDDHWma30I-01276-00488459-00488882 I always have to remind myself to just do my best and my best does not look like everybody
0ZDDHWma30I-01277-00488882-00489253 else's best, but I know that I did what I could.
0ZDDHWma30I-01278-00489253-00489874 It kind of released the stress of feeling like I'm not doing as good as everybody else,
0ZDDHWma30I-01279-00489874-00490096 because I'm doing what I can do.
0ZDDHWma30I-01280-00490096-00490538 I know that my, as somebody already said, what I do may be better than what somebody
0ZDDHWma30I-01281-00490538-00490888 else can do for their skill set, but then they have something that's better for them,
0ZDDHWma30I-01282-00490888-00491151 that they can do.
0ZDDHWma30I-01283-00491151-00491422 Paula: You had talked about the reading load.
0ZDDHWma30I-01284-00491422-00491634 One time you had shared that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01285-00491634-00492246 I don't know if you're willing to share that approach you take, because I think it helps
0ZDDHWma30I-01286-00492246-00492346 people understand the realities.
0ZDDHWma30I-01287-00492346-00492792 Kyle: I can only speak for my own program, but imagine the people in the social science
0ZDDHWma30I-01288-00492792-00493289 that many are like it in that we have a statistics sequence that we go through, but there are
0ZDDHWma30I-01289-00493289-00494075 also courses that are much more content-based, in my case higher education.
0ZDDHWma30I-01290-00494075-00494803 We can look at a syllabus, and there are far more pages for a week of reading than you
0ZDDHWma30I-01291-00494803-00495330 think are feasible to get through, and you're right.
0ZDDHWma30I-01292-00495330-00496155 I think over the first year you need to figure out the best way for you to read, and the
0ZDDHWma30I-01293-00496155-00496416 best way for you to contribute to your colleagues.
0ZDDHWma30I-01294-00496416-00497088 I think the way that we broke it down when we last spoke was there are six pretty dense
0ZDDHWma30I-01295-00497088-00497455 articles that I'm expected to read for a course.
0ZDDHWma30I-01296-00497455-00497953 I'm probably going to really focus on three of them, and take a lot of notes and think
0ZDDHWma30I-01297-00497953-00498231 them through and think about connections across them.
0ZDDHWma30I-01298-00498231-00498650 Then on two of them I'll read through them.
0ZDDHWma30I-01299-00498650-00499140 I probably won't go as in depth and spend as much time with them.
0ZDDHWma30I-01300-00499140-00500007 One, I'll know what it's about and have a few marginal notes.
0ZDDHWma30I-01301-00500007-00500417 As you get a sense of what's in front of you, you can say these are the things that I'm
0ZDDHWma30I-01302-00500417-00501082 really most passionate about, and then these couple of things seem relevant, and this I'm
0ZDDHWma30I-01303-00501082-00501503 not sure is going to be that helpful in getting me to what I want to know, but I know that
0ZDDHWma30I-01304-00501503-00501873 someone will care a lot about this and help me understand it better.
0ZDDHWma30I-01305-00501873-00502413 If you really invest yourself in those three, and then you have a good working knowledge
0ZDDHWma30I-01306-00502413-00503144 of two, and then you have one where you just take the hit, that really helps you move through.
0ZDDHWma30I-01307-00503144-00503726 I don't think that you need to go through all 500 pages of whatever that is and fill
0ZDDHWma30I-01308-00503726-00504065 them with red ink, with all your notes, everything you ever learned, and things you're never
0ZDDHWma30I-01309-00504065-00504483 going to have time, even in a three hour class session, to get through.
0ZDDHWma30I-01310-00504483-00504806 Not that it's all about performing in class.
0ZDDHWma30I-01311-00504806-00505521 It's about identifying what are the most important parts of this week for you to help meet your
0ZDDHWma30I-01312-00505521-00506110 own learning objectives, and to where you can also contribute to the educational environment,
0ZDDHWma30I-01313-00506110-00506832 and to not ruin yourself trying to be all things every day, because that will burn you
0ZDDHWma30I-01314-00506832-00506942 out real quick.
0ZDDHWma30I-01315-00506942-00507417 Katy: I do just want to point out that there's the imposter syndrome that I think almost
0ZDDHWma30I-01316-00507417-00507971 everybody feels at certain points, and then there's also legitimate mental health concerns.
0ZDDHWma30I-01317-00507971-00508507 One of the great things about this campus is that there's an amazing mental health network
0ZDDHWma30I-01318-00508507-00508609 through various services.
0ZDDHWma30I-01319-00508609-00509060 There's one called CAPS that's in the union...
0ZDDHWma30I-01320-00509060-00509188 Kyle: What does that stand for?
0ZDDHWma30I-01321-00509188-00509584 Katy: The Counseling and Psychological Services, where you can walk in at any time and speak
0ZDDHWma30I-01322-00509584-00510092 to someone on a right now basis, or on a maybe I can reach them next week basis.
0ZDDHWma30I-01323-00510092-00510587 There's also a psych clinic closer to this end of campus that you can see.
0ZDDHWma30I-01324-00510587-00511103 I actually was in a dissertation support group that was less like therapy and more like,
0ZDDHWma30I-01325-00511103-00511288 here are some of the problems that people have focusing.
0ZDDHWma30I-01326-00511288-00511951 It was an eight week how do I get through this massive beast of a thing called dissertation,
0ZDDHWma30I-01327-00511951-00512153 from a mental health perspective.
0ZDDHWma30I-01328-00512153-00512682 It was really freeing for me to realize that everybody felt what I was feeling to some
0ZDDHWma30I-01329-00512682-00513132 degree, but there were people who were feeling what I was feeling to the degree I was, and
0ZDDHWma30I-01330-00513132-00513721 there was help for me and people who understood that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01331-00513721-00514246 Most everybody in graduate school at Michigan understands that this is a high pressure,
0ZDDHWma30I-01332-00514246-00514851 high stress situation that not everybody's ready to jump into that right away and that
0ZDDHWma30I-01333-00514851-00515251 there's going to be points where you might need more help than other times and that there's
0ZDDHWma30I-01334-00515251-00515484 a network already in place for you here.
0ZDDHWma30I-01335-00515484-00515821 You are not the first one to sit at home and need help.
0ZDDHWma30I-01336-00515821-00515959 Paula: Thanks for bringing that up, Katy.
0ZDDHWma30I-01337-00515959-00516520 There are a number of things...You mentioned Sweetland right at the beginning, of writing
0ZDDHWma30I-01338-00516520-00516620 support.
0ZDDHWma30I-01339-00516620-00516859 Mental health support, statistical support actually right here at Rackham.
0ZDDHWma30I-01340-00516859-00517336 There are a lot of things that you will be made aware of when you get here.
0ZDDHWma30I-01341-00517336-00517657 We'll also have links to that, and at fall welcome there will be a lot of representatives
0ZDDHWma30I-01342-00517657-00517942 form those organizations here too so you can get an overview.
0ZDDHWma30I-01343-00517942-00518073 Natalie: For sure.
0ZDDHWma30I-01344-00518073-00518598 I think that's one of the things that a lot of students mention about U of M proper.
0ZDDHWma30I-01345-00518598-00518948 It's that there are so many resources here.
0ZDDHWma30I-01346-00518948-00519528 There seems to be almost something to support your every need.
0ZDDHWma30I-01347-00519528-00519723 It's a little bit of an exaggeration.
0ZDDHWma30I-01348-00519723-00520196 I think it's good to know that they're there, but it's also good to know that it's OK to
0ZDDHWma30I-01349-00520196-00520388 take advantages of resources.
0ZDDHWma30I-01350-00520388-00520529 You would agree with that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01351-00520529-00520740 Because that's what they're there for.
0ZDDHWma30I-01352-00520740-00521056 Yeah, we'll definitely have some links in this transcript.
0ZDDHWma30I-01353-00521056-00521338 Paula: We're getting to the end of our time.
0ZDDHWma30I-01354-00521338-00521438 Am I accurate?
0ZDDHWma30I-01355-00521438-00521538 Natalie: Yes.
0ZDDHWma30I-01356-00521538-00521659 Paula: My clock matches your clock.
0ZDDHWma30I-01357-00521659-00522065 A couple things that had come up when we were talking about doing this call, to shake it
0ZDDHWma30I-01358-00522065-00522168 out and talk about it.
0ZDDHWma30I-01359-00522168-00522780 Some of the things that you'll hear when you get here, like the Diag, the Big House is
0ZDDHWma30I-01360-00522780-00522880 our football stadium.
0ZDDHWma30I-01361-00522880-00523234 Is anyone willing to share what this means?
0ZDDHWma30I-01362-00523234-00523435 Does anyone know?
0ZDDHWma30I-01363-00523435-00523535 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-01364-00523535-00524076 Katy: If you're from Michigan, people will use this to orient you within the state.
0ZDDHWma30I-01365-00524076-00524574 We'll use a double because they don't want to forget the Upper Peninsula.
0ZDDHWma30I-01366-00524574-00525003 But for instance, if I were to tell people where I'm from, I say I'm from here, just
0ZDDHWma30I-01367-00525003-00525330 outside of Detroit, I go to school here, my family is from up here...
0ZDDHWma30I-01368-00525330-00525430 Paula: Because the state of Michigan looks like...
0ZDDHWma30I-01369-00525430-00525621 Katy: Because the state of Michigan is a hand.
0ZDDHWma30I-01370-00525621-00525721 Kyle: It's a mitten.
0ZDDHWma30I-01371-00525721-00526152 Katy: When people will say, "Oh yeah, it's in Kalamazoo," they'll gesture to their hand
0ZDDHWma30I-01372-00526152-00526340 without thinking about it.
0ZDDHWma30I-01373-00526340-00526440 That's sort of a thing.
0ZDDHWma30I-01374-00526440-00526844 Supraja: I just found out yesterday.
0ZDDHWma30I-01375-00526844-00526981 [laughter]
0ZDDHWma30I-01376-00526981-00527117 [crosstalk]
0ZDDHWma30I-01377-00527117-00527740 Paula: Any other sorts of things that you think they'll be fresh off the train, bus,
0ZDDHWma30I-01378-00527740-00528034 flight and it might be helpful to know?
0ZDDHWma30I-01379-00528034-00528526 Chukwuka: One of the first things that someone told me when I came to campus was a lot of
0ZDDHWma30I-01380-00528526-00528686 M, the Michigan M, plastered around campus.
0ZDDHWma30I-01381-00528686-00529021 On the ground, little plaques and everything.
0ZDDHWma30I-01382-00529021-00529474 Apparently, you're not supposed to step on them before your first exam.
0ZDDHWma30I-01383-00529474-00529574 [laughter]
0ZDDHWma30I-01384-00529574-00530099 Katy: But there is a way to break that curse if you accidentally do it.
0ZDDHWma30I-01385-00530099-00531101 It involves running between Rackham and the undergraduate library before the clock strikes
0ZDDHWma30I-01386-00531101-00531498 12, which means you have to do it at noon.
0ZDDHWma30I-01387-00531498-00531598 I'm sorry.
0ZDDHWma30I-01388-00531598-00531986 I guess just avoid it unless you're a really fast sprinter.
0ZDDHWma30I-01389-00531986-00532796 Kyle: Fresh off the plane you also might hear about Ypsi and wonder if that's a real word.
0ZDDHWma30I-01390-00532796-00533394 It's not, but it is shorthand for the town next door to us, Ypsilanti, which is home
0ZDDHWma30I-01391-00533394-00533519 to Eastern Michigan University.
0ZDDHWma30I-01392-00533519-00534071 It's a little odd that we're the University of Michigan and just 10 miles down the road
0ZDDHWma30I-01393-00534071-00534436 is Eastern Michigan University.
0ZDDHWma30I-01394-00534436-00535040 I would also say that downtown Ypsi is also a good place to get out of Ann Arbor and try
0ZDDHWma30I-01395-00535040-00535165 some different things.
0ZDDHWma30I-01396-00535165-00535640 It's a different vibe there, but it's a good place as well.
0ZDDHWma30I-01397-00535640-00535939 Supraja: We have a lot of colleges that are in Ann Arbor.
0ZDDHWma30I-01398-00535939-00536319 University of Michigan is not the only university in town.
0ZDDHWma30I-01399-00536319-00536686 We have community colleges and small law colleges around.
0ZDDHWma30I-01400-00536686-00537271 There's this Washtenaw Community College which offers a lot of courses about practical skills
0ZDDHWma30I-01401-00537271-00537371 like...
0ZDDHWma30I-01402-00537371-00537702 I know this friend of mine who took motor biking classes.
0ZDDHWma30I-01403-00537702-00538351 He took classes for two days and then he got the license for motor biking.
0ZDDHWma30I-01404-00538351-00538517 You can find things like that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01405-00538517-00539007 Paula: Washtenaw is right between Eastern and Michigan, so it's right in between.
0ZDDHWma30I-01406-00539007-00539198 Kyle: We are Washtenaw County.
0ZDDHWma30I-01407-00539198-00539321 It's a mouthful.
0ZDDHWma30I-01408-00539321-00539792 Paula: We're in the Eastern time zone.
0ZDDHWma30I-01409-00539792-00540086 I'm just going to say that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01410-00540086-00540213 People always question it.
0ZDDHWma30I-01411-00540213-00540373 Depending where you're coming from.
0ZDDHWma30I-01412-00540373-00540588 Supraja: The mall is beyond the South University.
0ZDDHWma30I-01413-00540588-00540741 It is the Briarwood Mall.
0ZDDHWma30I-01414-00540741-00541380 It's the biggest mall around Ann Arbor.
0ZDDHWma30I-01415-00541380-00541609 It has most stuff you need.
0ZDDHWma30I-01416-00541609-00542469 Chukwuka: I'd also like to add the league and the union refer to the Michigan League
0ZDDHWma30I-01417-00542469-00542652 and the Michigan Union.
0ZDDHWma30I-01418-00542652-00542834 They're two different buildings.
0ZDDHWma30I-01419-00542834-00543342 You can probably explain it a little bit better, because I've only been to them two or three
0ZDDHWma30I-01420-00543342-00543442 times.
0ZDDHWma30I-01421-00543442-00544017 Katy: The Michigan Union has...Both of them are big buildings with gathering spaces, with
0ZDDHWma30I-01422-00544017-00544175 meeting spaces, with ballroom.
0ZDDHWma30I-01423-00544175-00544882 They also always have fast foot in the basement, if you're hungry.
0ZDDHWma30I-01424-00544882-00545410 The League is the one that was only open for women.
0ZDDHWma30I-01425-00545410-00545977 Originally the Union was for men only, so they built the League so ladies could congregate.
0ZDDHWma30I-01426-00545977-00546536 I feel a specially affinity to the League.
0ZDDHWma30I-01427-00546536-00546983 The speech that founded the Peace Corps was given on the steps of the Michigan Union by
0ZDDHWma30I-01428-00546983-00547109 John F. Kennedy.
0ZDDHWma30I-01429-00547109-00547513 There's a lot of cool history around the buildings.
0ZDDHWma30I-01430-00547513-00547963 I would recommend that actually...They don't do an orientation tour for grad students,
0ZDDHWma30I-01431-00547963-00548314 but there are tours available through the admissions office.
0ZDDHWma30I-01432-00548314-00548869 I've seen people tag onto campus day tours just to get a sense, because there's a lot
0ZDDHWma30I-01433-00548869-00549159 of history of the campus that you don't get any other way.
0ZDDHWma30I-01434-00549159-00549603 If there's a chance to take a campus tour, I would say do it so you can learn about the...
0ZDDHWma30I-01435-00549603-00549756 Kyle: I'll quickly toss in on that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01436-00549756-00550071 We have a new president who's coming in.
0ZDDHWma30I-01437-00550071-00550964 President Coleman just retired from that position, and a new President Schlissel is arriving.
0ZDDHWma30I-01438-00550964-00551390 We'll have a big event here on September 5th, which is inauguration.
0ZDDHWma30I-01439-00551390-00552017 There will be hundreds of academic officials from across the country and around the world
0ZDDHWma30I-01440-00552017-00552284 who will come here for that event.
0ZDDHWma30I-01441-00552284-00552840 That will be a ticketed event, but I think that will be also open for students, everyone
0ZDDHWma30I-01442-00552840-00553050 else, in the main auditorium on Campus Hill.
0ZDDHWma30I-01443-00553050-00553257 There will be a big celebration for that.
0ZDDHWma30I-01444-00553257-00553782 That will be a historic moment for the university, just our first week of class back.
0ZDDHWma30I-01445-00553782-00553992 Paula: That's a beautiful way to end this.
0ZDDHWma30I-01446-00553992-00554092 Natalie: It is.
0ZDDHWma30I-01447-00554092-00554192 That's very nice.
0ZDDHWma30I-01448-00554192-00554371 We are at our time.
0ZDDHWma30I-01449-00554371-00554996 Maybe we could end with something that you'll probably hear a little bit, especially if
0ZDDHWma30I-01450-00554996-00555423 you go to a football game, is "Go Blue."
0ZDDHWma30I-01451-00555423-00555557 If we could say goodbye to everyone by saying "Go Blue" I would appreciate it.
0ZDDHWma30I-01452-00555557-00555692 On the count of three.
0ZDDHWma30I-01453-00555692-00555804 One, two, three...
0ZDDHWma30I-01454-00555804-00555915 Group: Go Blue!
0ZDDHWma30I-01455-00555915-00556102 Paula: We'll see you soon.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00000-00000009-00000470 If you're still in Champion Select, Kindred can pretty much dodge what he has to hit you and will have enough reaction time
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00001-00000470-00000652 to ult while he uses his.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00002-00000652-00000981 Warwick will be tankier and have more lifesteal at pretty much any time in the game, while
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00003-00000981-00001342 Rengar's invisibility will allow him to strike and kill before he can do much.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00004-00001342-00001692 Rek'Sai, Elise and Gragas have interesting matchups versus him because of their increased
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00005-00001692-00001855 escapability and hard CC.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00006-00001855-00002238 Kayn's passive allows him to change forms between a blue and a red one, based on whether
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00007-00002238-00002609 he's damaged (NOT KILLED) more ranged or melee Champions respectively.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00008-00002609-00002986 The Blue form will burn enemies after damaging them, and makes him a squishy assassin, while
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00009-00002986-00003342 the red form makes him a tanky bruiser and will heal him when he hits abilities.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00010-00003342-00003508 His Q is a Dash and Flourish.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00011-00003508-00003810 His W makes him perform an upward sweep after a short delay.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00012-00003810-00004073 He can't move while casting it, unless he's in his blue form.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00013-00004073-00004346 If he's in the red one, it'll knock up the enemies that get hit.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00014-00004346-00004578 His E allows him to literally move through walls.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00015-00004578-00004924 If he's in his blue form, then he'll also remove slows and become immune to them for
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00016-00004924-00005024 the duration.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00017-00005024-00005360 This ability allows him to use some interesting ganking paths and will force you to place
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00018-00005360-00005696 wards in weird places to prevent him from showing up and surprise you.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00019-00005696-00006028 His Ultimate makes him infest an enemy becoming untargetable for the duration and reactivating
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00020-00006028-00006128 it brings him out dealing damage.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00021-00006128-00006228 Blue form means longer range.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00022-00006228-00006357 Red form means healing when he comes out.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00023-00006357-00006769 A large percentage will turn into the red Kayn due to the tank meta we're in and his
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00024-00006769-00007459 combo will most likely look like this: Q, AA, W, AA, Q, AA, Ulti
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00025-00007459-00007879 Like with most junglers, he'll take the smite flash combo and so will you if you're a jungler.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00026-00007879-00008211 It's much more worth it for you to take the red smite versus him if he's in his blue form,
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00027-00008211-00008438 since he can just cleanse the blue one and take the blue smite if he's in his red form
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00028-00008438-00008564 to gain some distance and prevent him chasing you.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00029-00008564-00008907 Kayn has a few interesting power spikes: 3 is when he'll start ganking, 6 is when he'll
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00030-00008907-00009171 start dealing damage and 9 is when he'll start killing.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00031-00009171-00009482 Finishing up the jungle item and his black cleaver is when he's at his strongest point
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00032-00009482-00009646 in regard to the rest of the players.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00033-00009646-00009879 His next power spike is obvious and it comes from his transformation, which will make him
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00034-00009879-00009979 start playing rather differently.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00035-00009979-00010260 He's strongest in the mid to late game when he can really delete and focus whoever he
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00036-00010260-00010360 wants in any form.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00037-00010360-00010689 Thank you for tuning in, good luck in your match and remember: Ward behind terrain if
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00038-00010689-00011036 you're a laner, don't panic when he's infested you since you have 2 seconds to think about
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00039-00011036-00011413 what to do and understand that he'll go for anyone in his red form but will take his time
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00040-00011413-00011786 to bring him down, and becomes restricted to squishies in his blue form but will KO
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00041-00011786-00011886 them quick.
0ad5Z7gDHWQ-00042-00011886-00011996 Ultimately just have fun doing it.
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0cBL_WXZtkg-00003-00001212-00001432 The Units Digit
0cBL_WXZtkg-00004-00001506-00001765 Lottolab's Features - the Unit Digit
0cBL_WXZtkg-00005-00001765-00002115 The numbers that the winning numbers contain same units digit
0cBL_WXZtkg-00006-00002208-00003046 The Units Digit, lotto features, is pair of same units digit, such as {21, 41}, or {5, 15}.
0cBL_WXZtkg-00007-00003056-00003430 This is one of best performance on Lottolab's Features.
0cBL_WXZtkg-00008-00003455-00004105 Feature the Units Digit, check it out and good luck.
0cBL_WXZtkg-00009-00004213-00004376 Lottolab’s Features.
0cBL_WXZtkg-00010-00004376-00004733 The result of Lottolab’s Features during last 10 weeks.
0cBL_WXZtkg-00011-00004868-00005006 The summery of Lottolab's Features during 10 weeks
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0cBL_WXZtkg-00013-00005943-00008106 Especially the 9 of the Units Digit during last 10 weeks and 1 pair of them on this week.
0cBL_WXZtkg-00014-00008211-00008436 Lottolab’s Features - the Units Digit
0cBL_WXZtkg-00015-00008436-00008831 The recent result of the Units Digit & the their frequency of each number
0cBL_WXZtkg-00016-00008873-00009051 The Lottolab's Prediction for 862nd - the Units Digit
0cBL_WXZtkg-00017-00009051-00009115 The result of Units Digit during 10 weeks
0cBL_WXZtkg-00018-00009115-00010960 {11,21} This Units Digit came out the last winning numbers.
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0cBL_WXZtkg-00020-00011890-00012749 If you want to more infom, Visit Lottolab's blog. www.lottolab.kr/blog
0cBL_WXZtkg-00021-00012797-00012947 Lottolab Features - the Units Digit
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0ijY_aDEiWM-00000-00000504-00001018 So what happened during  the transgressive systemtract? 
0ijY_aDEiWM-00001-00001018-00001271 So during the transgressive system tract,
0ijY_aDEiWM-00002-00001272-00001893 it's really important to know on an isolated platform where the windward side of the islandis
0ijY_aDEiWM-00003-00001893-00002568 and where the leeward side of the island is. Windward is the side that faces the prevailing
0ijY_aDEiWM-00004-00002568-00003288 wind direction which also means facing the prevailing wave direction. And you can see that
0ijY_aDEiWM-00005-00003288-00003846 we're developing during the TST an asymmetry hereon this isolated system. 
0ijY_aDEiWM-00006-00003846-00004110 And this asymmetry comesfrom the fact that
0ijY_aDEiWM-00007-00004110-00004686 in the windward side, we havethe wave crashing  on the island clearing sedimentsaway
0ijY_aDEiWM-00008-00004686-00005455 to the back of the island. That gives younice clean waters  where reefs will preferentiallygrow.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00009-00005455-00005960 So reef will tend to grow more on the windward side. So they will grow on that side
0ijY_aDEiWM-00010-00005960-00006528 and they will protect the back of the island and in the very back, in the leeward side, will tend to
0ijY_aDEiWM-00011-00006528-00006848 have more sand because it's more turbid 
0ijY_aDEiWM-00012-00006848-00007445 and thesediments are moved from the windward side  to theleeward margin of the island.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00013-00007445-00007895 So that asymmetry is an important concept for isolated platforms.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00014-00007992-00008808 And of course as the base level is rising, we tend to cover the the previous lowstand deposits and
0ijY_aDEiWM-00015-00008808-00009520 here, I think this is a an amazing image personally but you see a former sinkhole that dates from
0ijY_aDEiWM-00016-00009520-00010325 the previous lowstand that was lower thansea level is today  and it's now basically beingreflooded.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00017-00010325-00010976 So now there's water on top of it and what's really cool is that this sinkhole acts as
0ijY_aDEiWM-00018-00010976-00011584 a trap for sediment. So you see the prevailing wind current here comes from the right to the left and
0ijY_aDEiWM-00019-00011584-00012248 on the right side of the sinkhole there is just sand, there is no reef but on the left side of the
0ijY_aDEiWM-00020-00012248-00012928 sinkhole you have seagrass meadows and you also have some reef that starts to develop because the
0ijY_aDEiWM-00021-00012928-00013616 sinkhole acts as a trap for sediments. As you can see on the right image here: the bathymetry image.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00022-00013616-00014352 And this is really a good illustration of how on the small scale this whole thing is about, you
0ijY_aDEiWM-00023-00014352-00014919 know, three kilometer, the whole image. On a small scale how these different pillar topography can
0ijY_aDEiWM-00024-00014919-00015125 impact what type of carbonate grows where. 
0ijY_aDEiWM-00025-00015125-00015486 Becausethe corals only grow  on this side of the sinkhole
0ijY_aDEiWM-00026-00015488-00015824 thanks to the fact that there's lesssediment. So the waters are more clear.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00027-00016040-00016632 And i mentioned that in the leeward side we tend to have more sandy deposits. So typically you
0ijY_aDEiWM-00028-00016632-00017320 will have either skeletal sand or you can have ooidal sand but yes you will tend to have more
0ijY_aDEiWM-00029-00017320-00017912 of a sand type of deposit. These can be great reservoirs but it's good to know where those
0ijY_aDEiWM-00030-00017912-00018616 prevailing wind direction are because that could imply some heterogeneity
0ijY_aDEiWM-00031-00018616-00019105 but also some asymmetry in where your different deposits are. 
0ijY_aDEiWM-00032-00019105-00019325 Okay! Now what happened during the highstand tract?
0ijY_aDEiWM-00033-00019325-00019840 Remember the highstand tract iswhen we have the the majority of sedimentation on
0ijY_aDEiWM-00034-00019840-00020392 those platform in the T factory, no exception here with isolated platform, of course.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00035-00020392-00020771 And basically the asymmetry that we've seen
0ijY_aDEiWM-00036-00020771-00020946 developing during the TST  is becoming evenstronger.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00037-00021110-00021728 We have more grand shoals on the leewardside and we have much more better developed reef
0ijY_aDEiWM-00038-00021728-00022320 on the windward side. A good analog for highstand, especially high stand higher than today
0ijY_aDEiWM-00039-00022320-00023161 is isotopic stage 5 and 5e in particular where sea level was higher by about 1-2 meter,
0ijY_aDEiWM-00040-00023161-00023904 compared to today, up to maybe 6 meters at the end of 5e. And the temperatures were
0ijY_aDEiWM-00041-00023904-00024528 about 1-2 degrees higher. And if you look at these 5e, there's been some studies done:
0ijY_aDEiWM-00042-00024528-00025120 it's actually a bit of a chilling perspective on what could happen to isolated platform during
0ijY_aDEiWM-00043-00025120-00025291 highstands that are higher than today. 
0ijY_aDEiWM-00044-00025291-00025873 So rememberwe have those grain shoals here in the back and ifyou look at 5e grain shoal
0ijY_aDEiWM-00045-00025873-00026448 in The Bahamas and in Bermuda, you see those, first of all you see
0ijY_aDEiWM-00046-00026448-00027136 a trilogy of deposits and one of the end member of that trilogy is essentially storm deposits. 
0ijY_aDEiWM-00047-00027136-00028285 So those big cross-stratified aeolian and oolitic sand,  so that's calcareous aeolian sand that basically formed dune.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00048-00028285-00028880 And that happens inthe lowland during stage 5e during, the relativesea level high.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00049-00028880-00029510 And their storm deposit,there's all the evidence for that in the dunesthemselves.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00050-00029510-00030138 But if you look at cliffs that areslightly higher, so about 15 meters higher thansea level,
0ijY_aDEiWM-00051-00030138-00031128 what you see is evidence for boulder size cliff rocks being eroded and transportedby mega waves.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00052-00031128-00031648 So we have evidence for mega stormduring 5e.  Much much stronger than what we seetoday.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00053-00031648-00032314 And here are some photos. By the way this wasall published in a paper by Hearty and Tormey in2017,
0ijY_aDEiWM-00054-00032314-00032816 if you're interested to check it. And you can see those boulders are gigantic and they were all
0ijY_aDEiWM-00055-00032816-00033592 transported by storm away from high cliffs. Here's another example: I'll point you to
0ijY_aDEiWM-00056-00033592-00034241 the size of the man here next to theboulder, look at the size of those boulders: absolutely gigantic!
0ijY_aDEiWM-00057-00034241-00034912 And if you go towards higherground  where only the most strong storm could come,
0ijY_aDEiWM-00058-00034912-00035416 where you have for instance aeolian deposits, so you already have a bit of topography
0ijY_aDEiWM-00059-00035416-00036023 on top of those you even have evidence for sands being shifted and transported during storm. 
0ijY_aDEiWM-00060-00036023-00036166 So themessage here is that:
0ijY_aDEiWM-00061-00036166-00036641 during stage 5e which mightbe a good analogue for what awaits us. So you know
0ijY_aDEiWM-00062-00036641-00037015 So you know a few meters  of sea level higher than today 
0ijY_aDEiWM-00063-00037015-00037448 anda couple of degrees  of global temperature higher.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00064-00037448-00038426 We have evidence for megastorms that produce those big ripples and and thoseboulder transport.
0ijY_aDEiWM-00065-00038426-00038983 And that's not a great news if you're living on an isolated platform, forinstance
0ijY_aDEiWM-00066-00038983-00040552 if you're a resident in The Bahamas or in The Maldives, this is actually pretty bad news.
0jwWXETW81Q-00000-00000006-00000468 Man I was blown a bit, extreme ly blown away what you said that now that you
0jwWXETW81Q-00001-00000468-00000788 have a leadership development company disguised as a home security business
0jwWXETW81Q-00002-00000788-00001506 which is how every business should look at themselves.
0jwWXETW81Q-00003-00001506-00002093 Dividing your life into four areas is as old as the Sun. It's just whatever kind of lens that you look at
0jwWXETW81Q-00004-00002093-00002660 it, the way we look at it, we put together a process we call life goals and and I
0jwWXETW81Q-00005-00002660-00003254 coach our agents the ones that want to participate, "L" for life is love which is
0jwWXETW81Q-00006-00003254-00003768 relationships, "I" is influence which is the mind, "F" is Finance which is business and
0jwWXETW81Q-00007-00003768-00004196 then "E" is energy which is the body. And I take all of our agents that want to
0jwWXETW81Q-00008-00004196-00004719 participate into and through a coaching process where we set three 90-day goals
0jwWXETW81Q-00009-00004719-00005048 for each of those four areas. So For the people that come on board with our
0jwWXETW81Q-00010-00005048-00005526 company, over these next few months, which we know will be many of you that are
0jwWXETW81Q-00011-00005526-00006062 watching this, we know that taking you through this process will be a life
0jwWXETW81Q-00012-00006062-00006600 changing movement, that will spread across this country, people that are
0jwWXETW81Q-00013-00006600-00007079 winning in all areas of life and now have a career opportunity where they're
0jwWXETW81Q-00014-00007079-00007500 making more money than they've ever made. And when you combine those two winning
0jwWXETW81Q-00015-00007500-00008136 in all four areas and winning it financially to a degree that you've
0jwWXETW81Q-00016-00008136-00008672 never won before, then very interesting things can happen and that's how you can
0jwWXETW81Q-00017-00008672-00009147 absolutely change the world. And the funny thing is over that hour
0jwWXETW81Q-00018-00009147-00009754 accountability call, we talk about business for maybe five minutes, maybe.
0jwWXETW81Q-00019-00009754-00010257 But we ran the numbers, and the ones that are participating in that life goals
0jwWXETW81Q-00020-00010257-00010764 coaching versus the coordinators that we have that aren't,. are doing 26.7% more
0jwWXETW81Q-00021-00010764-00011279 volume. Which in our world equates to about $52,000 more they're making per
0jwWXETW81Q-00022-00011279-00011643 year. And it's not because all of our agents are participating, a lot of our
0jwWXETW81Q-00023-00011643-00012120 top agents aren't, but it's a true testament to the fact that if you're
0jwWXETW81Q-00024-00012120-00012572 winning in all the other areas of your life, that of course your production, of
0jwWXETW81Q-00025-00012572-00012847 course your business, is going to be a byproduct
0jwWXETW81Q-00026-00012847-00013700 of that. What does it mean to be in balance? And to me it's this reality that
0jwWXETW81Q-00027-00013700-00014318 there is no such thing as balance, it's being able to identify the imbalances.
0jwWXETW81Q-00028-00014318-00014845 It's being able to be aware enough to know when certain areas are out of
0jwWXETW81Q-00029-00014845-00015316 balance. Being aware to know when you need to spend more time with your family,
0jwWXETW81Q-00030-00015316-00015745 when you need to spend more time at work, when you need to spend more time on your body,
0jwWXETW81Q-00031-00015745-00016372 when you need to just need to spend more time on your mind. And it's really just this harmony
0jwWXETW81Q-00032-00016372-00016886 of like constantly trying to balance the imbalances, but knowing that you're never
0jwWXETW81Q-00033-00016886-00017254 gonna be in perfect balance, like there's never going to be this perfect work-life
0jwWXETW81Q-00034-00017254-00017932 balance, but just trying to go all-in in all the areas so that you can try to
0jwWXETW81Q-00035-00017932-00018773 maintain the best harmony. But the true, true person that's going all-in in all
0jwWXETW81Q-00036-00018773-00019262 areas understands that that you have to continually level up and continually be
0jwWXETW81Q-00037-00019262-00019701 pushing the boundaries of every single aspect of your life, to become
0jwWXETW81Q-00038-00019701-00020107 extraordinary.
0jYA0-lknhE-00000-00000152-00000656 chapter 1 mental health and mental
0jYA0-lknhE-00001-00000408-00000656 illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00002-00000855-00001384 the objectives for this chapter are to
0jYA0-lknhE-00003-00001063-00001672 discuss the history of psychiatric care
0jYA0-lknhE-00004-00001384-00001727 define mental health and mental illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00005-00001672-00001911 discuss
0jYA0-lknhE-00006-00001727-00002119 cultural elements that influence
0jYA0-lknhE-00007-00001911-00002351 attitudes towards mental health
0jYA0-lknhE-00008-00002119-00002648 and mental illness identify
0jYA0-lknhE-00009-00002351-00002903 physiological responses to stress
0jYA0-lknhE-00010-00002648-00003088 discuss the concepts of anxiety and
0jYA0-lknhE-00011-00002903-00003415 grief as psychological
0jYA0-lknhE-00012-00003088-00003415 responses to stress
0jYA0-lknhE-00013-00003607-00004015 as you take a few minutes to think about
0jYA0-lknhE-00014-00003784-00004223 the historical overview of
0jYA0-lknhE-00015-00004015-00004400 psychiatric and mental illness one of
0jYA0-lknhE-00016-00004223-00004664 the things that you need to think about
0jYA0-lknhE-00017-00004400-00004887 is that early beliefs um centered on
0jYA0-lknhE-00018-00004664-00004992 mental illness in terms of in evil
0jYA0-lknhE-00019-00004887-00005248 spirits
0jYA0-lknhE-00020-00004992-00005503 or supernatural or magical powers that
0jYA0-lknhE-00021-00005248-00005760 had entered the body and had taken over
0jYA0-lknhE-00022-00005503-00005952 you know and i always um think of this i
0jYA0-lknhE-00023-00005760-00006239 say i think about the movie um
0jYA0-lknhE-00024-00005952-00006447 at the exorcist um and if you've not
0jYA0-lknhE-00025-00006239-00006776 seen the exorcist uh you need to
0jYA0-lknhE-00026-00006447-00007072 to watch it but um it's like
0jYA0-lknhE-00027-00006776-00007176 something possessing the body and that
0jYA0-lknhE-00028-00007072-00007536 is the
0jYA0-lknhE-00029-00007176-00007679 that's the way historically of mental
0jYA0-lknhE-00030-00007536-00007872 individuals who were suffering from
0jYA0-lknhE-00031-00007679-00008088 animal mental illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00032-00007872-00008240 were looked at they were often beaten
0jYA0-lknhE-00033-00008088-00008536 starved
0jYA0-lknhE-00034-00008240-00008728 tortured um and a lot of this was done
0jYA0-lknhE-00035-00008536-00008824 in the name of purging out the evil
0jYA0-lknhE-00036-00008728-00009088 spirits
0jYA0-lknhE-00037-00008824-00009247 um or trying to get rid of them um they
0jYA0-lknhE-00038-00009088-00009504 used witchcraft on
0jYA0-lknhE-00039-00009247-00009704 individuals um they were burned at the
0jYA0-lknhE-00040-00009504-00009911 stake because they were thought in some
0jYA0-lknhE-00041-00009704-00010215 cases to be witches
0jYA0-lknhE-00042-00009911-00010575 so you know we have to
0jYA0-lknhE-00043-00010215-00010864 we look at this picture and uh you see
0jYA0-lknhE-00044-00010575-00010992 someone you know looks like a child who
0jYA0-lknhE-00045-00010864-00011432 is in a makeshift
0jYA0-lknhE-00046-00010992-00011639 wooden cage or you see a group of um men
0jYA0-lknhE-00047-00011432-00011839 sitting in chairs with one of them that
0jYA0-lknhE-00048-00011639-00012079 has on a straight jacket
0jYA0-lknhE-00049-00011839-00012288 and um you know what do those images
0jYA0-lknhE-00050-00012079-00012528 bring to mind
0jYA0-lknhE-00051-00012288-00012632 if you've ever seen some of the old
0jYA0-lknhE-00052-00012528-00012959 movies
0jYA0-lknhE-00053-00012632-00013240 um in which they were depicted
0jYA0-lknhE-00054-00012959-00013295 individuals with mental illness in their
0jYA0-lknhE-00055-00013240-00013480 um
0jYA0-lknhE-00056-00013295-00013647 you know this might be a picture that
0jYA0-lknhE-00057-00013480-00013863 comes to your mind
0jYA0-lknhE-00058-00013647-00014095 hippocrates associated mental illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00059-00013863-00014231 with an irregularity in the interaction
0jYA0-lknhE-00060-00014095-00014536 among the four
0jYA0-lknhE-00061-00014231-00014840 humors blood black bile
0jYA0-lknhE-00062-00014536-00015016 yellow bile and phlegm and why is that
0jYA0-lknhE-00063-00014840-00015191 that important because again we're
0jYA0-lknhE-00064-00015016-00015512 thinking it's something
0jYA0-lknhE-00065-00015191-00015847 going on in the body or it's um
0jYA0-lknhE-00066-00015512-00016047 something that has invaded the body then
0jYA0-lknhE-00067-00015847-00016208 during the middle ages on the mentally
0jYA0-lknhE-00068-00016047-00016472 ill were actually sent out
0jYA0-lknhE-00069-00016208-00016576 on the sea on selling boats without
0jYA0-lknhE-00070-00016472-00016920 guidance
0jYA0-lknhE-00071-00016576-00017168 um for their lost rationality
0jYA0-lknhE-00072-00016920-00017384 and they would say that this was this
0jYA0-lknhE-00073-00017168-00017584 was called the ship of fools
0jYA0-lknhE-00074-00017384-00017751 uh and so it's just settlement drift
0jYA0-lknhE-00075-00017584-00018087 kind of
0jYA0-lknhE-00076-00017751-00018320 uh in middle eastern islamic countries
0jYA0-lknhE-00077-00018087-00018495 they began to establish special units or
0jYA0-lknhE-00078-00018320-00018551 general hospitals and these were the
0jYA0-lknhE-00079-00018495-00018912 first
0jYA0-lknhE-00080-00018551-00019120 known um asylums for individuals with
0jYA0-lknhE-00081-00018912-00019320 mental illness and then in colonial
0jYA0-lknhE-00082-00019120-00019415 america mental illness was equated with
0jYA0-lknhE-00083-00019320-00019615 witchcraft
0jYA0-lknhE-00084-00019415-00019831 and again like i said many of these
0jYA0-lknhE-00085-00019615-00020192 individuals were burned at the stake
0jYA0-lknhE-00086-00019831-00020408 um because they felt like they were
0jYA0-lknhE-00087-00020192-00020584 going to do harm to others so let's get
0jYA0-lknhE-00088-00020408-00020920 rid of them
0jYA0-lknhE-00089-00020584-00021231 um there are also you know
0jYA0-lknhE-00090-00020920-00021536 pictures of that that you have probably
0jYA0-lknhE-00091-00021231-00021944 seen that are buildings that are
0jYA0-lknhE-00092-00021536-00022279 cold um stone buildings with tall
0jYA0-lknhE-00093-00021944-00022640 fences around them metal beds
0jYA0-lknhE-00094-00022279-00023008 um with no mattress or a very thin
0jYA0-lknhE-00095-00022640-00023248 mattress um and so sometimes that's
0jYA0-lknhE-00096-00023008-00023328 that's that historical aspect that we
0jYA0-lknhE-00097-00023248-00023768 see
0jYA0-lknhE-00098-00023328-00024136 now we we've we've evolved a little bit
0jYA0-lknhE-00099-00023768-00024448 um you know in our way of thinking
0jYA0-lknhE-00100-00024136-00024728 um and how we treat individuals with
0jYA0-lknhE-00101-00024448-00024928 uh mental illness and so now we're
0jYA0-lknhE-00102-00024728-00025240 treating them on an outpatient
0jYA0-lknhE-00103-00024928-00025456 uh basis we know more about how medicine
0jYA0-lknhE-00104-00025240-00025623 works with those individuals
0jYA0-lknhE-00105-00025456-00025832 and so that that's just a little
0jYA0-lknhE-00106-00025623-00026032 historical perspective for you
0jYA0-lknhE-00107-00025832-00026200 but also understand that that's also
0jYA0-lknhE-00108-00026032-00026232 where some culture comes into play that
0jYA0-lknhE-00109-00026200-00026591 we
0jYA0-lknhE-00110-00026232-00026591 we will talk about a little bit later on
0jYA0-lknhE-00111-00026768-00027408 so here you see a picture of um
0jYA0-lknhE-00112-00027136-00027608 benjamin russ and he's often called the
0jYA0-lknhE-00113-00027408-00027895 father of american psychiat
0jYA0-lknhE-00114-00027608-00028008 psychiatry was a physician at a hospital
0jYA0-lknhE-00115-00027895-00028239 initiated the first
0jYA0-lknhE-00116-00028008-00028447 humane treatment of individuals with
0jYA0-lknhE-00117-00028239-00028712 mental illness in the united states
0jYA0-lknhE-00118-00028447-00028752 and the first hospital in america to
0jYA0-lknhE-00119-00028712-00029047 admit
0jYA0-lknhE-00120-00028752-00029247 individuals uh with mental illness was
0jYA0-lknhE-00121-00029047-00029632 established in philadelphia
0jYA0-lknhE-00122-00029247-00029727 in uh the mid-century of the mid-18th
0jYA0-lknhE-00123-00029632-00030008 century
0jYA0-lknhE-00124-00029727-00030144 and then um you know if you're from
0jYA0-lknhE-00125-00030008-00030263 north carolina you're familiar with
0jYA0-lknhE-00126-00030144-00030568 north carolina
0jYA0-lknhE-00127-00030263-00030880 um you'll also know about dorothea dix
0jYA0-lknhE-00128-00030568-00031127 which we'll talk about in just a moment
0jYA0-lknhE-00129-00030880-00031200 so here you see a picture of uh dorothea
0jYA0-lknhE-00130-00031127-00031408 dix
0jYA0-lknhE-00131-00031200-00031624 and uh in the 19th century she was
0jYA0-lknhE-00132-00031408-00031847 successful in lobbying for the first
0jYA0-lknhE-00133-00031624-00032039 for the establishment of state hospitals
0jYA0-lknhE-00134-00031847-00032280 for individuals with mental illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00135-00032039-00032416 and it's been several years ago now or
0jYA0-lknhE-00136-00032280-00032672 quite a few years ago that
0jYA0-lknhE-00137-00032416-00032816 dorothea dick's hospital in raleigh was
0jYA0-lknhE-00138-00032672-00033160 actually closed down
0jYA0-lknhE-00139-00032816-00033360 but here we see um two individuals
0jYA0-lknhE-00140-00033160-00033519 that began to make a difference in the
0jYA0-lknhE-00141-00033360-00033856 life of individuals
0jYA0-lknhE-00142-00033519-00034152 with mental illness um benjamin rush
0jYA0-lknhE-00143-00033856-00034256 who um established the humane treatment
0jYA0-lknhE-00144-00034152-00034480 for individuals
0jYA0-lknhE-00145-00034256-00034680 and dorothea dicks who established for
0jYA0-lknhE-00146-00034480-00034856 state hospitals for individuals
0jYA0-lknhE-00147-00034680-00035088 now that's not to say that there was not
0jYA0-lknhE-00148-00034856-00035432 some mao on treatment that went on
0jYA0-lknhE-00149-00035088-00035688 in facilities uh and and continued
0jYA0-lknhE-00150-00035432-00035800 but these were individuals who were
0jYA0-lknhE-00151-00035688-00036119 trying to make
0jYA0-lknhE-00152-00035800-00036231 uh an effort to make things better for a
0jYA0-lknhE-00153-00036119-00036463 population of
0jYA0-lknhE-00154-00036231-00036703 individuals who you know for a lack of
0jYA0-lknhE-00155-00036463-00037040 better words were misunderstood
0jYA0-lknhE-00156-00036703-00037352 by society because um they just
0jYA0-lknhE-00157-00037040-00037656 weren't considered normal by the
0jYA0-lknhE-00158-00037352-00037840 by most people's standards uh and so
0jYA0-lknhE-00159-00037656-00038056 how to help them that was the important
0jYA0-lknhE-00160-00037840-00038263 thing and that's what um
0jYA0-lknhE-00161-00038056-00038400 this course is all about is learning how
0jYA0-lknhE-00162-00038263-00038768 to help people
0jYA0-lknhE-00163-00038400-00039463 um who have mental
0jYA0-lknhE-00164-00038768-00039719 illnesses in um in their life
0jYA0-lknhE-00165-00039463-00039863 so be remiss if i didn't uh mention
0jYA0-lknhE-00166-00039719-00040144 leonard
0jYA0-lknhE-00167-00039863-00040368 linda richards who is considered the
0jYA0-lknhE-00168-00040144-00040519 first american psychiatric nurse
0jYA0-lknhE-00169-00040368-00040680 she's graduated from new england
0jYA0-lknhE-00170-00040519-00040768 hospital for women and children in
0jYA0-lknhE-00171-00040680-00040984 boston
0jYA0-lknhE-00172-00040768-00041128 she helped establish the first school of
0jYA0-lknhE-00173-00040984-00041328 psychiatric nursing
0jYA0-lknhE-00174-00041128-00041616 at mclean asylum in waverly
0jYA0-lknhE-00175-00041328-00041919 massachusetts in 1882
0jYA0-lknhE-00176-00041616-00042159 however psychiatric nursing was not
0jYA0-lknhE-00177-00041919-00042275 included in the curricula of schools of
0jYA0-lknhE-00178-00042159-00042696 nursing's until
0jYA0-lknhE-00179-00042275-00042984 1955 so from 1882
0jYA0-lknhE-00180-00042696-00043112 um when she established this first
0jYA0-lknhE-00181-00042984-00043424 psychiatric nursing
0jYA0-lknhE-00182-00043112-00043831 um school nursing school
0jYA0-lknhE-00183-00043424-00044056 um it took from 1882 to 1955
0jYA0-lknhE-00184-00043831-00044272 for it to be um included in the
0jYA0-lknhE-00185-00044056-00044575 curricula of nursing programs
0jYA0-lknhE-00186-00044272-00044719 um which is where we are today um and
0jYA0-lknhE-00187-00044575-00044919 still talking about it
0jYA0-lknhE-00188-00044719-00045088 so i want you to think about those
0jYA0-lknhE-00189-00044919-00045184 things because it's important so here we
0jYA0-lknhE-00190-00045088-00045519 have three
0jYA0-lknhE-00191-00045184-00045703 very influential individuals who made a
0jYA0-lknhE-00192-00045519-00046096 difference in the life of
0jYA0-lknhE-00193-00045703-00046096 individuals with psychiatric illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00194-00046288-00046687 before we can begin this chapter there's
0jYA0-lknhE-00195-00046487-00046744 a couple of things i want you to go back
0jYA0-lknhE-00196-00046687-00047000 to
0jYA0-lknhE-00197-00046744-00047144 um from previous courses and think about
0jYA0-lknhE-00198-00047000-00047352 and one of those
0jYA0-lknhE-00199-00047144-00047608 courses is your trans-cultural nursing
0jYA0-lknhE-00200-00047352-00047800 course because it's important for you to
0jYA0-lknhE-00201-00047608-00047968 understand that the concepts of mental
0jYA0-lknhE-00202-00047800-00048175 health and mental illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00203-00047968-00048336 are culturally defined so they are
0jYA0-lknhE-00204-00048175-00048624 defined by
0jYA0-lknhE-00205-00048336-00048791 the way an individual their values their
0jYA0-lknhE-00206-00048624-00048968 beliefs
0jYA0-lknhE-00207-00048791-00049144 how they were raised the environment
0jYA0-lknhE-00208-00048968-00049512 that they were raised in
0jYA0-lknhE-00209-00049144-00049624 and those things can be um considerable
0jYA0-lknhE-00210-00049512-00049968 when you think about
0jYA0-lknhE-00211-00049624-00050400 tolerance or intolerance to one's
0jYA0-lknhE-00212-00049968-00050552 um culture or belief or value system
0jYA0-lknhE-00213-00050400-00050791 and so that's going to make a difference
0jYA0-lknhE-00214-00050552-00050896 when you when you as the nurse are
0jYA0-lknhE-00215-00050791-00051239 thinking about
0jYA0-lknhE-00216-00050896-00051471 how do i help this client who to um
0jYA0-lknhE-00217-00051239-00051664 sustain their mental health or how do i
0jYA0-lknhE-00218-00051471-00051767 help this client who has a mental
0jYA0-lknhE-00219-00051664-00052255 illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00220-00051767-00052688 um but based on their own culture
0jYA0-lknhE-00221-00052255-00052944 may or may not be reluctant to seek help
0jYA0-lknhE-00222-00052688-00053095 now along with that we also know that
0jYA0-lknhE-00223-00052944-00053351 when individuals are in
0jYA0-lknhE-00224-00053095-00053432 a state of mental health or mental
0jYA0-lknhE-00225-00053351-00053704 illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00226-00053432-00053751 that they uh experience both physical
0jYA0-lknhE-00227-00053704-00054008 and
0jYA0-lknhE-00228-00053751-00054224 psychological responses to stress and so
0jYA0-lknhE-00229-00054008-00054479 we're going to talk about the stress um
0jYA0-lknhE-00230-00054224-00054632 factor a little bit later on but those
0jYA0-lknhE-00231-00054479-00054848 are things that
0jYA0-lknhE-00232-00054632-00055055 you know we can we can touch on right
0jYA0-lknhE-00233-00054848-00055272 now when you think about stress
0jYA0-lknhE-00234-00055055-00055408 think about maybe a level of anxiety
0jYA0-lknhE-00235-00055272-00055591 that somebody
0jYA0-lknhE-00236-00055408-00055720 is having and that's one of the things
0jYA0-lknhE-00237-00055591-00056000 that we're going to talk about
0jYA0-lknhE-00238-00055720-00056083 it's also going to look at um the
0jYA0-lknhE-00239-00056000-00056424 concepts
0jYA0-lknhE-00240-00056083-00056583 of grief along with that so we'll we'll
0jYA0-lknhE-00241-00056424-00056824 discuss that as we move through the
0jYA0-lknhE-00242-00056583-00056824 chapter
0jYA0-lknhE-00243-00056904-00057239 so here we go here you see this uh
0jYA0-lknhE-00244-00057136-00057424 concept of
0jYA0-lknhE-00245-00057239-00057608 mental health that's identified by
0jYA0-lknhE-00246-00057424-00057800 maslow's hierarchy of need
0jYA0-lknhE-00247-00057608-00058032 and as i just talked about that
0jYA0-lknhE-00248-00057800-00058327 fulfillment or that need to
0jYA0-lknhE-00249-00058032-00058591 or desire to reach self-actualization as
0jYA0-lknhE-00250-00058327-00058744 a fulfillment of one's highest potential
0jYA0-lknhE-00251-00058591-00058936 and that's what you know technically
0jYA0-lknhE-00252-00058744-00059224 that's what we're all striving for
0jYA0-lknhE-00253-00058936-00059344 is to be the best that we can be um and
0jYA0-lknhE-00254-00059224-00059655 to move
0jYA0-lknhE-00255-00059344-00059879 from the level of
0jYA0-lknhE-00256-00059655-00060032 physiological needs are those basic
0jYA0-lknhE-00257-00059879-00060312 physiological needs
0jYA0-lknhE-00258-00060032-00060632 to move towards self-actualization where
0jYA0-lknhE-00259-00060312-00060632 you feel like you have
0jYA0-lknhE-00260-00060712-00061055 reached the highest point on the
0jYA0-lknhE-00261-00060936-00061407 pendulum
0jYA0-lknhE-00262-00061055-00061800 and you were able to do um
0jYA0-lknhE-00263-00061407-00062016 feel fulfilled in everything that you do
0jYA0-lknhE-00264-00061800-00062176 so again we're going back to this mental
0jYA0-lknhE-00265-00062016-00062264 health definition you can see it's going
0jYA0-lknhE-00266-00062176-00062560 to be important
0jYA0-lknhE-00267-00062264-00062800 it's the successful adaptation to
0jYA0-lknhE-00268-00062560-00062879 stressors from the internal and external
0jYA0-lknhE-00269-00062800-00063104 environment
0jYA0-lknhE-00270-00062879-00063204 it's evidenced by thoughts feelings and
0jYA0-lknhE-00271-00063104-00063495 behaviors that are
0jYA0-lknhE-00272-00063204-00063624 age-appropriate and congruent with local
0jYA0-lknhE-00273-00063495-00063944 and cultural norms
0jYA0-lknhE-00274-00063624-00064055 so what does it mean to be successfully
0jYA0-lknhE-00275-00063944-00064344 adapted
0jYA0-lknhE-00276-00064055-00064455 um those are things that you begin to
0jYA0-lknhE-00277-00064344-00064760 think about and you say
0jYA0-lknhE-00278-00064455-00065064 hmm how do i know that i have
0jYA0-lknhE-00279-00064760-00065320 adapted into society well or
0jYA0-lknhE-00280-00065064-00065648 or i've successfully adapted so does
0jYA0-lknhE-00281-00065320-00065648 that mean that you are
0jYA0-lknhE-00282-00065727-00066400 having thoughts that are um
0jYA0-lknhE-00283-00066072-00066680 in line with the society around you
0jYA0-lknhE-00284-00066400-00066768 does that mean that um there's no
0jYA0-lknhE-00285-00066680-00066968 internal
0jYA0-lknhE-00286-00066768-00067095 struggle you know as nurses we always
0jYA0-lknhE-00287-00066968-00067424 talk about our good
0jYA0-lknhE-00288-00067095-00067607 reaction or how we how we
0jYA0-lknhE-00289-00067424-00067832 feel about something in a certain way or
0jYA0-lknhE-00290-00067607-00067983 we know that there's
0jYA0-lknhE-00291-00067832-00068144 something that's going to happen because
0jYA0-lknhE-00292-00067983-00068320 of this good reaction
0jYA0-lknhE-00293-00068144-00068520 so you think about that successful
0jYA0-lknhE-00294-00068320-00068736 adaptation to stressors
0jYA0-lknhE-00295-00068520-00068904 um remember a few minutes ago i
0jYA0-lknhE-00296-00068736-00069320 mentioned to you about
0jYA0-lknhE-00297-00068904-00069551 grief and grief is a natural process
0jYA0-lknhE-00298-00069320-00069624 that occurs when something happens and
0jYA0-lknhE-00299-00069551-00069768 it is
0jYA0-lknhE-00300-00069624-00069968 you know oftentimes i think we think
0jYA0-lknhE-00301-00069768-00070160 about grief with death and dying
0jYA0-lknhE-00302-00069968-00070312 but that's not it the loss of a job
0jYA0-lknhE-00303-00070160-00070639 causes grief
0jYA0-lknhE-00304-00070312-00070872 um now if i successfully adapt
0jYA0-lknhE-00305-00070639-00071024 to that grief what's going to happen i'm
0jYA0-lknhE-00306-00070872-00071320 trying to give you an example here
0jYA0-lknhE-00307-00071024-00071527 what's going to happen i may be in a
0jYA0-lknhE-00308-00071320-00071863 state of um
0jYA0-lknhE-00309-00071527-00072176 discomfort uneasiness uh
0jYA0-lknhE-00310-00071863-00072527 some might even say depression for a few
0jYA0-lknhE-00311-00072176-00072807 weeks related to the loss of my job
0jYA0-lknhE-00312-00072527-00073000 but do i get to a point that i can say
0jYA0-lknhE-00313-00072807-00073392 i've lost my job
0jYA0-lknhE-00314-00073000-00073632 um you know whatever the reason was
0jYA0-lknhE-00315-00073392-00073872 now i need to move on and i start
0jYA0-lknhE-00316-00073632-00074168 looking for another job
0jYA0-lknhE-00317-00073872-00074288 that would be a normal response for most
0jYA0-lknhE-00318-00074168-00074551 people
0jYA0-lknhE-00319-00074288-00074695 what would be abnormally is you lose
0jYA0-lknhE-00320-00074551-00075048 your job
0jYA0-lknhE-00321-00074695-00075224 and you give up you know you're like
0jYA0-lknhE-00322-00075048-00075383 i can't find another job i'm never going
0jYA0-lknhE-00323-00075224-00075560 to be able to find another job
0jYA0-lknhE-00324-00075383-00075751 so when you start thinking of something
0jYA0-lknhE-00325-00075560-00076056 and that's putting it very simple
0jYA0-lknhE-00326-00075751-00076168 in very simple terms but that would be a
0jYA0-lknhE-00327-00076056-00076407 stressor that
0jYA0-lknhE-00328-00076168-00076495 job loss would be a stressor that then
0jYA0-lknhE-00329-00076407-00076912 has caused
0jYA0-lknhE-00330-00076495-00077160 um feelings that you're not getting over
0jYA0-lknhE-00331-00076912-00077248 and so we now have moved from mental
0jYA0-lknhE-00332-00077160-00077592 health
0jYA0-lknhE-00333-00077248-00077839 which is where you can um
0jYA0-lknhE-00334-00077592-00077960 have feelings that are age-appropriate
0jYA0-lknhE-00335-00077839-00078216 and congruent
0jYA0-lknhE-00336-00077960-00078407 to something that is beginning to look
0jYA0-lknhE-00337-00078216-00078783 like the realm of mental illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00338-00078407-00078783 which will be on our next slide
0jYA0-lknhE-00339-00078824-00079200 now horowitz um says that there or he
0jYA0-lknhE-00340-00079072-00079504 describes that there are two
0jYA0-lknhE-00341-00079200-00079551 elements that affect um how individuals
0jYA0-lknhE-00342-00079504-00079939 feel
0jYA0-lknhE-00343-00079551-00080168 view mental illness one is the comfort
0jYA0-lknhE-00344-00079939-00080392 incomprehensibility is that ability of
0jYA0-lknhE-00345-00080168-00080656 the general population to understand the
0jYA0-lknhE-00346-00080392-00081007 motivation behind a particular behavior
0jYA0-lknhE-00347-00080656-00081336 so almost throw an example out there um
0jYA0-lknhE-00348-00081007-00081639 if you see someone
0jYA0-lknhE-00349-00081336-00081919 acting erratic but you have
0jYA0-lknhE-00350-00081639-00081992 no clue as to why they're acting in that
0jYA0-lknhE-00351-00081919-00082160 manner
0jYA0-lknhE-00352-00081992-00082327 what would you think you know what would
0jYA0-lknhE-00353-00082160-00082480 come to your mind you'd be like
0jYA0-lknhE-00354-00082327-00082656 why in the world is that person acting
0jYA0-lknhE-00355-00082480-00082936 like that um
0jYA0-lknhE-00356-00082656-00083183 or you know if you're a person who's who
0jYA0-lknhE-00357-00082936-00083512 doesn't know anyone who's ever had a
0jYA0-lknhE-00358-00083183-00083616 substance abuse problem um you know you
0jYA0-lknhE-00359-00083512-00083856 may say
0jYA0-lknhE-00360-00083616-00083960 why in the world would they choose drugs
0jYA0-lknhE-00361-00083856-00084332 you know if you
0jYA0-lknhE-00362-00083960-00084672 it may be a hard concept so that's that
0jYA0-lknhE-00363-00084332-00084848 incomprehensibility is you know
0jYA0-lknhE-00364-00084672-00084992 i can't understand why somebody would
0jYA0-lknhE-00365-00084848-00085136 choose to go down the path that they
0jYA0-lknhE-00366-00084992-00085448 choose to go down to
0jYA0-lknhE-00367-00085136-00085519 go down and then you the other concept
0jYA0-lknhE-00368-00085448-00085727 of that is
0jYA0-lknhE-00369-00085519-00085992 cultural relativity and that's the
0jYA0-lknhE-00370-00085727-00086256 normality of behavior is determined by
0jYA0-lknhE-00371-00085992-00086416 culture so there are things that i'm
0jYA0-lknhE-00372-00086256-00086632 sure that if you go back and think about
0jYA0-lknhE-00373-00086416-00086888 your trans cultural nursing class
0jYA0-lknhE-00374-00086632-00087063 that um when you were studying different
0jYA0-lknhE-00375-00086888-00087448 cultures you were like
0jYA0-lknhE-00376-00087063-00087760 i can't believe that they do that um
0jYA0-lknhE-00377-00087448-00087839 for example and this has nothing really
0jYA0-lknhE-00378-00087760-00088048 to do with the
0jYA0-lknhE-00379-00087839-00088200 mental illness side but i'm gonna throw
0jYA0-lknhE-00380-00088048-00088560 this example out there is
0jYA0-lknhE-00381-00088200-00088880 um that there are cultures that
0jYA0-lknhE-00382-00088560-00089127 in western society we typically will
0jYA0-lknhE-00383-00088880-00089256 a lady has a baby and the placenta is
0jYA0-lknhE-00384-00089127-00089327 discarded and i'm using that because
0jYA0-lknhE-00385-00089256-00089632 y'all just
0jYA0-lknhE-00386-00089327-00089816 finished up ob and pete um but there are
0jYA0-lknhE-00387-00089632-00090000 other cultures where the placenta is
0jYA0-lknhE-00388-00089816-00090207 cooked and ate by the family
0jYA0-lknhE-00389-00090000-00090400 there's other cultures that the placenta
0jYA0-lknhE-00390-00090207-00090736 is actually planted
0jYA0-lknhE-00391-00090400-00091032 um you know in the yard
0jYA0-lknhE-00392-00090736-00091263 or something um because it's supposed to
0jYA0-lknhE-00393-00091032-00091263 bring
0jYA0-lknhE-00394-00091312-00091863 life abundance of life to the family
0jYA0-lknhE-00395-00091719-00092032 so when you start thinking about
0jYA0-lknhE-00396-00091863-00092344 cultural relativity
0jYA0-lknhE-00397-00092032-00092616 um what's normal in one culture may be
0jYA0-lknhE-00398-00092344-00092688 very abnormal in another culture and how
0jYA0-lknhE-00399-00092616-00092960 does that
0jYA0-lknhE-00400-00092688-00093048 tie in them with the view of mental
0jYA0-lknhE-00401-00092960-00093368 illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00402-00093048-00093688 so even individuals seeking
0jYA0-lknhE-00403-00093368-00094024 out women seeking out treatment
0jYA0-lknhE-00404-00093688-00094360 during menopause for hot flashes
0jYA0-lknhE-00405-00094024-00094607 um versus when women who choose
0jYA0-lknhE-00406-00094360-00094792 not to because of a culture believe it's
0jYA0-lknhE-00407-00094607-00094912 you know it's off the men said
0jYA0-lknhE-00408-00094792-00095039 well i mean i'm gonna have to go through
0jYA0-lknhE-00409-00094912-00095200 the change i just gotta learn to deal
0jYA0-lknhE-00410-00095039-00095351 with it that's what my mama didn't need
0jYA0-lknhE-00411-00095200-00095432 you know nobody took any medicine for
0jYA0-lknhE-00412-00095351-00095600 that
0jYA0-lknhE-00413-00095432-00095751 so would you say that that person's
0jYA0-lknhE-00414-00095600-00096024 mentally ill well
0jYA0-lknhE-00415-00095751-00096063 no you probably wouldn't but that brings
0jYA0-lknhE-00416-00096024-00096456 up a
0jYA0-lknhE-00417-00096063-00096719 cultural aspect um
0jYA0-lknhE-00418-00096456-00096800 in native american cultures when people
0jYA0-lknhE-00419-00096719-00097072 talk about having
0jYA0-lknhE-00420-00096800-00097160 visions and hallucinating you know in
0jYA0-lknhE-00421-00097072-00097375 the
0jYA0-lknhE-00422-00097160-00097472 general realm of western society we
0jYA0-lknhE-00423-00097375-00097639 would say that
0jYA0-lknhE-00424-00097472-00097951 someone who's hallucinating or having
0jYA0-lknhE-00425-00097639-00098263 visions is definitely has
0jYA0-lknhE-00426-00097951-00098592 a mental illness going on but for
0jYA0-lknhE-00427-00098263-00098816 that culture um or the
0jYA0-lknhE-00428-00098592-00099056 and that particular group of individuals
0jYA0-lknhE-00429-00098816-00099344 that may be something that they look at
0jYA0-lknhE-00430-00099056-00099424 as those visions are actually something
0jYA0-lknhE-00431-00099344-00099648 spiritual
0jYA0-lknhE-00432-00099424-00099832 and very meaningful and so they would
0jYA0-lknhE-00433-00099648-00100192 not see that as a mental
0jYA0-lknhE-00434-00099832-00100392 illness but yet if as we
0jYA0-lknhE-00435-00100192-00100519 uh and as you'll learn this semester
0jYA0-lknhE-00436-00100392-00100736 when we start
0jYA0-lknhE-00437-00100519-00100912 asking people about hearing voices or
0jYA0-lknhE-00438-00100736-00101032 are they seeing things or are they
0jYA0-lknhE-00439-00100912-00101216 hallucinating
0jYA0-lknhE-00440-00101032-00101344 then we start looking at that as what's
0jYA0-lknhE-00441-00101216-00101719 going on with them because there's a
0jYA0-lknhE-00442-00101344-00101719 mental illness concept there
0jYA0-lknhE-00443-00101912-00102239 so how do we define mental uh illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00444-00102168-00102455 well
0jYA0-lknhE-00445-00102239-00102752 another way that is defined is that it's
0jYA0-lknhE-00446-00102455-00102952 a maladaptive response to stressors
0jYA0-lknhE-00447-00102752-00103200 from the internal or external
0jYA0-lknhE-00448-00102952-00103383 environment that's evidenced by thoughts
0jYA0-lknhE-00449-00103200-00103511 feelings and behaviors that are
0jYA0-lknhE-00450-00103383-00103783 incongruent
0jYA0-lknhE-00451-00103511-00103952 with the local and cultural norms and
0jYA0-lknhE-00452-00103783-00104224 interfere with an individual's
0jYA0-lknhE-00453-00103952-00104311 social occupation and or physical
0jYA0-lknhE-00454-00104224-00104631 functioning
0jYA0-lknhE-00455-00104311-00104991 so we can um just think about something
0jYA0-lknhE-00456-00104631-00105232 real simple um substance abuse
0jYA0-lknhE-00457-00104991-00105408 you know you'll hear me because that
0jYA0-lknhE-00458-00105232-00105591 seems to be one that's
0jYA0-lknhE-00459-00105408-00105783 easy for people to understand right off
0jYA0-lknhE-00460-00105591-00106103 hand but when it starts
0jYA0-lknhE-00461-00105783-00106303 affecting your everyday ability to
0jYA0-lknhE-00462-00106103-00106720 interact in society
0jYA0-lknhE-00463-00106303-00107016 or to be considered quote unquote normal
0jYA0-lknhE-00464-00106720-00107079 in society or it interferes with your
0jYA0-lknhE-00465-00107016-00107288 physical
0jYA0-lknhE-00466-00107079-00107544 functioning then we start looking at
0jYA0-lknhE-00467-00107288-00107816 that as it's a maladaptive response
0jYA0-lknhE-00468-00107544-00108024 and there's something not right there
0jYA0-lknhE-00469-00107816-00108191 another maladaptive response
0jYA0-lknhE-00470-00108024-00108320 that we can think about um that we'll
0jYA0-lknhE-00471-00108191-00108400 talk about a little bit later in this
0jYA0-lknhE-00472-00108320-00108720 chapter
0jYA0-lknhE-00473-00108400-00108991 is grief so grief is a very
0jYA0-lknhE-00474-00108720-00109135 normal process the five stages of grief
0jYA0-lknhE-00475-00108991-00109440 are very normal
0jYA0-lknhE-00476-00109135-00109791 at a point when those stages
0jYA0-lknhE-00477-00109440-00109991 um go on for extended periods of time
0jYA0-lknhE-00478-00109791-00110208 then that's when we start looking at
0jYA0-lknhE-00479-00109991-00110544 this is how this individual is having
0jYA0-lknhE-00480-00110208-00110832 a maladaptive response um
0jYA0-lknhE-00481-00110544-00110864 they're in a depressed state possibly
0jYA0-lknhE-00482-00110832-00111135 for
0jYA0-lknhE-00483-00110864-00111240 long periods of time and so when we look
0jYA0-lknhE-00484-00111135-00111424 at that
0jYA0-lknhE-00485-00111240-00111552 that's beginning to look at the realm of
0jYA0-lknhE-00486-00111424-00112032 mental illness
0jYA0-lknhE-00487-00111552-00112032 rather than them being able to cope um
0jYA0-lknhE-00488-00112083-00112583 effectively
0jYA0-lknhE-00489-00112344-00112832 so as we look at the physical response
0jYA0-lknhE-00490-00112583-00113016 to stress that physical response is the
0jYA0-lknhE-00491-00112832-00113320 manifestation by specific
0jYA0-lknhE-00492-00113016-00113600 syndrome which consists of all
0jYA0-lknhE-00493-00113320-00113735 the non-specifically induced changes
0jYA0-lknhE-00494-00113600-00114008 within a biologic
0jYA0-lknhE-00495-00113735-00114159 system so go back to what you learned a
0jYA0-lknhE-00496-00114008-00114396 long time ago
0jYA0-lknhE-00497-00114159-00114640 with your uh when you're studying your
0jYA0-lknhE-00498-00114396-00114859 neurocognitive things
0jYA0-lknhE-00499-00114640-00115128 and you were looking at in
0jYA0-lknhE-00500-00114859-00115224 pathophysiology how the brain reacts to
0jYA0-lknhE-00501-00115128-00115455 certain things
0jYA0-lknhE-00502-00115224-00115648 so we talk about this fight or flight
0jYA0-lknhE-00503-00115455-00115903 syndrome and what does that mean
0jYA0-lknhE-00504-00115648-00116111 that individual when something happens
0jYA0-lknhE-00505-00115903-00116472 some stress response happen
0jYA0-lknhE-00506-00116111-00116808 they either wanna stand up and
0jYA0-lknhE-00507-00116472-00116911 fight or they will want to run away from
0jYA0-lknhE-00508-00116808-00117311 the problem
0jYA0-lknhE-00509-00116911-00117576 and so that is you know that is a normal
0jYA0-lknhE-00510-00117311-00117752 syndrome that happens it's in that fight
0jYA0-lknhE-00511-00117576-00117896 or flight we all have it it comes at
0jYA0-lknhE-00512-00117752-00118224 certain times
0jYA0-lknhE-00513-00117896-00118528 when something's going on um
0jYA0-lknhE-00514-00118224-00118903 i would say an example that
0jYA0-lknhE-00515-00118528-00119167 you might um think about is
0jYA0-lknhE-00516-00118903-00119376 is someone so frightened that they're
0jYA0-lknhE-00517-00119167-00119655 paralyzed and they can't move
0jYA0-lknhE-00518-00119376-00119840 or does it happen so quickly that their
0jYA0-lknhE-00519-00119655-00120167 automatic reaction is to
0jYA0-lknhE-00520-00119840-00120255 run away get away um you know get out of
0jYA0-lknhE-00521-00120167-00120583 danger
0jYA0-lknhE-00522-00120255-00120655 so i can either stand up and face this
0jYA0-lknhE-00523-00120583-00120952 danger
0jYA0-lknhE-00524-00120655-00121048 or i can run away from it and that is
0jYA0-lknhE-00525-00120952-00121432 what happens when
0jYA0-lknhE-00526-00121048-00121615 our bodies become in a state of stress
0jYA0-lknhE-00527-00121432-00121903 so if you continue to think about that
0jYA0-lknhE-00528-00121615-00122015 adaptions adaptation syndrome that fight
0jYA0-lknhE-00529-00121903-00122232 or flight
0jYA0-lknhE-00530-00122015-00122472 um response there are three distinct
0jYA0-lknhE-00531-00122232-00122808 stages there's the alarm reaction
0jYA0-lknhE-00532-00122472-00122903 which is the fight or flight um initial
0jYA0-lknhE-00533-00122808-00123103 response
0jYA0-lknhE-00534-00122903-00123311 then there is the stage of resistance
0jYA0-lknhE-00535-00123103-00123591 and that stage of resistance
0jYA0-lknhE-00536-00123311-00123815 is the first stage is the person's
0jYA0-lknhE-00537-00123591-00124103 attempt to adapt to the stressor
0jYA0-lknhE-00538-00123815-00124320 if this adaptation occurs then stage
0jYA0-lknhE-00539-00124103-00124576 three the stage of exhaustion
0jYA0-lknhE-00540-00124320-00124832 is either prevented or it's delayed and
0jYA0-lknhE-00541-00124576-00125167 so the physiological symptoms may
0jYA0-lknhE-00542-00124832-00125352 go away they may disappear but if that
0jYA0-lknhE-00543-00125167-00125583 doesn't happen then we move into stage
0jYA0-lknhE-00544-00125352-00125800 three which is that state of exhaustion
0jYA0-lknhE-00545-00125583-00125888 and it is where that adaptive energy is
0jYA0-lknhE-00546-00125800-00126232 completely
0jYA0-lknhE-00547-00125888-00126544 depleted and the disease of adaptation
0jYA0-lknhE-00548-00126232-00126688 um must ensure and so what do you think
0jYA0-lknhE-00549-00126544-00126944 is going on there
0jYA0-lknhE-00550-00126688-00127152 that fight or flight is your norepine
0jYA0-lknhE-00551-00126944-00127391 norepinephrine and epinephrine
0jYA0-lknhE-00552-00127152-00127528 response so what would we see in that
0jYA0-lknhE-00553-00127391-00127720 initial reaction
0jYA0-lknhE-00554-00127528-00127896 we may see an increase in respiration
0jYA0-lknhE-00555-00127720-00127959 rate we may see an increase in heart
0jYA0-lknhE-00556-00127896-00128279 rate
0jYA0-lknhE-00557-00127959-00128488 um blood pressure may also um go up if
0jYA0-lknhE-00558-00128279-00128552 that is sustained for long periods of
0jYA0-lknhE-00559-00128488-00128679 time
0jYA0-lknhE-00560-00128552-00128855 then what happens that's when
0jYA0-lknhE-00561-00128679-00129072 glucogenesis occurs
0jYA0-lknhE-00562-00128855-00129272 there's an increased basal metabolic
0jYA0-lknhE-00563-00129072-00129448 rate and there's a decrease in your
0jYA0-lknhE-00564-00129272-00129624 sensations of sex hormones
0jYA0-lknhE-00565-00129448-00129791 so you don't have to go back and i'm not
0jYA0-lknhE-00566-00129624-00129928 spending a lot of time on that because
0jYA0-lknhE-00567-00129791-00130000 you've already had that in previous
0jYA0-lknhE-00568-00129928-00130272 courses
0jYA0-lknhE-00569-00130000-00130511 but think about what's going on with the
0jYA0-lknhE-00570-00130272-00130759 body during those physical responses to
0jYA0-lknhE-00571-00130511-00130759 stress
0jYA0-lknhE-00572-00130911-00131344 so again let's talk a little bit more
0jYA0-lknhE-00573-00131088-00131512 about that fight-or-flight syndrome
0jYA0-lknhE-00574-00131344-00131824 and what's occurring so what might you
0jYA0-lknhE-00575-00131512-00132064 see in that in the immediate response um
0jYA0-lknhE-00576-00131824-00132152 does the person's eyes does their pupils
0jYA0-lknhE-00577-00132064-00132432 dilate
0jYA0-lknhE-00578-00132152-00132615 um is there dilation of the bronicles
0jYA0-lknhE-00579-00132432-00132791 where we have this increased respiration
0jYA0-lknhE-00580-00132615-00133015 that we just talked about
0jYA0-lknhE-00581-00132791-00133112 is there an increased force of cardiac
0jYA0-lknhE-00582-00133015-00133360 contraction
0jYA0-lknhE-00583-00133112-00133472 which causes increased cardiac output
0jYA0-lknhE-00584-00133360-00133584 and the heart rate and the blood
0jYA0-lknhE-00585-00133472-00133776 pressure changes
0jYA0-lknhE-00586-00133584-00133920 and can go up you know does a person
0jYA0-lknhE-00587-00133776-00134120 even begin to talk about the
0jYA0-lknhE-00588-00133920-00134288 feelings of chest tightness and chest
0jYA0-lknhE-00589-00134120-00134608 pain um as
0jYA0-lknhE-00590-00134288-00134855 in in that response um there
0jYA0-lknhE-00591-00134608-00135008 is decreased gastric motility and
0jYA0-lknhE-00592-00134855-00135176 secretions that occur
0jYA0-lknhE-00593-00135008-00135360 so you may begin to see a person
0jYA0-lknhE-00594-00135176-00135472 complaining about some constipation
0jYA0-lknhE-00595-00135360-00135688 going on remember
0jYA0-lknhE-00596-00135472-00135952 we're talking about these physiolog
0jYA0-lknhE-00597-00135688-00136296 physiological responses to stress
0jYA0-lknhE-00598-00135952-00136440 um do they begin to perspire
0jYA0-lknhE-00599-00136296-00136640 you know is there an increase in
0jYA0-lknhE-00600-00136440-00136976 secretion from the sweat glands
0jYA0-lknhE-00601-00136640-00137072 what other responses as you're thinking
0jYA0-lknhE-00602-00136976-00137232 in your reading
0jYA0-lknhE-00603-00137072-00137464 you think you begin to think about what
0jYA0-lknhE-00604-00137232-00137672 you've previously learned
0jYA0-lknhE-00605-00137464-00137815 about that immediate response and that
0jYA0-lknhE-00606-00137672-00138048 sustained response
0jYA0-lknhE-00607-00137815-00138176 with the sustained response on the
0jYA0-lknhE-00608-00138048-00138432 physical responses of
0jYA0-lknhE-00609-00138176-00138684 stress occur after a long period of time
0jYA0-lknhE-00610-00138432-00138976 and that's what we're going to move into
0jYA0-lknhE-00611-00138684-00139208 next so if we see that there's a
0jYA0-lknhE-00612-00138976-00139320 sustained physical response to stress
0jYA0-lknhE-00613-00139208-00139503 that occurs
0jYA0-lknhE-00614-00139320-00139655 because there's been pro a prolonged
0jYA0-lknhE-00615-00139503-00139848 period of stress
0jYA0-lknhE-00616-00139655-00140072 and there's a um promoting
0jYA0-lknhE-00617-00139848-00140344 susceptibility to diseases
0jYA0-lknhE-00618-00140072-00140536 what do we know happens if the body is
0jYA0-lknhE-00619-00140344-00140767 responding to stress
0jYA0-lknhE-00620-00140536-00140840 and it stays that way for long periods
0jYA0-lknhE-00621-00140767-00141064 of time
0jYA0-lknhE-00622-00140840-00141184 do you think that your immune system is
0jYA0-lknhE-00623-00141064-00141408 just decreased
0jYA0-lknhE-00624-00141184-00141600 well we know that there is a decrease in
0jYA0-lknhE-00625-00141408-00142055 the immune system and the inflammatory
0jYA0-lknhE-00626-00141600-00142303 response related to acth
0jYA0-lknhE-00627-00142055-00142479 there is vasopressin that occurs so we
0jYA0-lknhE-00628-00142303-00142800 start building up fluid
0jYA0-lknhE-00629-00142479-00142927 fluid retention there's an increase in
0jYA0-lknhE-00630-00142800-00143215 blood pressure
0jYA0-lknhE-00631-00142927-00143479 um there is an increase in your sharing
0jYA0-lknhE-00632-00143215-00143679 glucose in your fatty acids that occur
0jYA0-lknhE-00633-00143479-00143903 so that growth hormone is beginning to
0jYA0-lknhE-00634-00143679-00144176 affect when you think about your
0jYA0-lknhE-00635-00143903-00144296 increased basal metallic rate you have
0jYA0-lknhE-00636-00144176-00144640 to think about your
0jYA0-lknhE-00637-00144296-00144864 um biotropic hormone responses
0jYA0-lknhE-00638-00144640-00145040 you also need to think about the
0jYA0-lknhE-00639-00144864-00145255 decrease in libido
0jYA0-lknhE-00640-00145040-00145367 so all these things when you're thinking
0jYA0-lknhE-00641-00145255-00145584 about stress
0jYA0-lknhE-00642-00145367-00145744 you may not initially think about those
0jYA0-lknhE-00643-00145584-00146088 physical responses
0jYA0-lknhE-00644-00145744-00146264 other than the the fight piece um
0jYA0-lknhE-00645-00146088-00146408 or the running away the fight or the
0jYA0-lknhE-00646-00146264-00146688 flight piece but
0jYA0-lknhE-00647-00146408-00146760 if that stress occurs for long periods
0jYA0-lknhE-00648-00146688-00146960 of time
0jYA0-lknhE-00649-00146760-00147127 then this body is going to become in a
0jYA0-lknhE-00650-00146960-00147336 weakened state
0jYA0-lknhE-00651-00147127-00147520 and that's where we have to start
0jYA0-lknhE-00652-00147336-00147632 thinking about what else is going on
0jYA0-lknhE-00653-00147520-00147848 with this person
0jYA0-lknhE-00654-00147632-00147944 so the person that i saw in the flight
0jYA0-lknhE-00655-00147848-00148248 mode
0jYA0-lknhE-00656-00147944-00148520 um or fight or flight the fight
0jYA0-lknhE-00657-00148248-00148703 mode is a very different individual than
0jYA0-lknhE-00658-00148520-00149064 i see in a person who
0jYA0-lknhE-00659-00148703-00149272 is responding after extended periods of
0jYA0-lknhE-00660-00149064-00149655 stress is going on with them they look
0jYA0-lknhE-00661-00149272-00149855 different so it's important to
0jYA0-lknhE-00662-00149655-00150064 understand the um
0jYA0-lknhE-00663-00149855-00150320 psychological responses to stress and
0jYA0-lknhE-00664-00150064-00150503 there are two primary psychological
0jYA0-lknhE-00665-00150320-00150712 response patterns to stress and those
0jYA0-lknhE-00666-00150503-00150927 would be anxiety and grief
0jYA0-lknhE-00667-00150712-00151040 and uh it comes in the forms of a
0jYA0-lknhE-00668-00150927-00151160 variety of thoughts
0jYA0-lknhE-00669-00151040-00151391 feelings and behaviors that are
0jYA0-lknhE-00670-00151160-00151544 associated which with each of these
0jYA0-lknhE-00671-00151391-00151815 response patterns
0jYA0-lknhE-00672-00151544-00151912 and then how we adapt uh and our
0jYA0-lknhE-00673-00151815-00152127 adaptation
0jYA0-lknhE-00674-00151912-00152215 is determined by the extent to which the
0jYA0-lknhE-00675-00152127-00152455 thoughts
0jYA0-lknhE-00676-00152215-00152672 feelings and behaviors interfere with an
0jYA0-lknhE-00677-00152455-00152920 individual's ability to function
0jYA0-lknhE-00678-00152672-00153112 and that is to function on a daily basis
0jYA0-lknhE-00679-00152920-00153391 so those are important things to
0jYA0-lknhE-00680-00153112-00153391 be thinking about
0jYA0-lknhE-00681-00153536-00153967 so let's talk for a moment about anxiety
0jYA0-lknhE-00682-00153767-00154232 anxiety is a feeling of discom
0jYA0-lknhE-00683-00153967-00154288 discomfort and apprehension related to
0jYA0-lknhE-00684-00154232-00154600 fear of
0jYA0-lknhE-00685-00154288-00154944 impending danger the individual may be
0jYA0-lknhE-00686-00154600-00155136 unaware of the source of this anxiety
0jYA0-lknhE-00687-00154944-00155248 but it's often accompanied by feelings
0jYA0-lknhE-00688-00155136-00155632 of uncertainty
0jYA0-lknhE-00689-00155248-00155712 and helplessness so i'm all um compare
0jYA0-lknhE-00690-00155632-00155960 this to that
0jYA0-lknhE-00691-00155712-00156240 good feeling that we have we know that
0jYA0-lknhE-00692-00155960-00156496 something may not be just right
0jYA0-lknhE-00693-00156240-00156736 and um so you know nurses will say what
0jYA0-lknhE-00694-00156496-00157015 my gut says blah blah blah
0jYA0-lknhE-00695-00156736-00157112 but you can become anxious about that
0jYA0-lknhE-00696-00157015-00157384 because it's
0jYA0-lknhE-00697-00157112-00157455 it's this sense that wait i mean it's
0jYA0-lknhE-00698-00157384-00157720 something just
0jYA0-lknhE-00699-00157455-00157808 as a kosher here and so you become
0jYA0-lknhE-00700-00157720-00158055 uncertain
0jYA0-lknhE-00701-00157808-00158120 and you feel helpless about what's going
0jYA0-lknhE-00702-00158055-00158415 on
0jYA0-lknhE-00703-00158120-00158512 um anxiety is extremely common in our
0jYA0-lknhE-00704-00158415-00158855 society
0jYA0-lknhE-00705-00158512-00159000 and uh and we see forms from very mild
0jYA0-lknhE-00706-00158855-00159336 anxiety
0jYA0-lknhE-00707-00159000-00159744 to uh panic attacks um which can be a
0jYA0-lknhE-00708-00159336-00160032 um you know a
0jYA0-lknhE-00709-00159744-00160232 a higher level of a form of anxiety but
0jYA0-lknhE-00710-00160032-00160479 we can go all the way up to severe
0jYA0-lknhE-00711-00160232-00160776 anxiety and severe anxiety
0jYA0-lknhE-00712-00160479-00160936 then extends to periods um for longer
0jYA0-lknhE-00713-00160776-00161248 periods of time
0jYA0-lknhE-00714-00160936-00161367 so we're starting off with a mild
0jYA0-lknhE-00715-00161248-00161679 anxiety which is an
0jYA0-lknhE-00716-00161367-00161872 adaptive is adaptive and can provide uh
0jYA0-lknhE-00717-00161679-00162055 motivation for survival so that's where
0jYA0-lknhE-00718-00161872-00162320 that mild anxiety comes from that's a
0jYA0-lknhE-00719-00162055-00162320 good thing
0jYA0-lknhE-00720-00162352-00162760 so when we think about pablo's four
0jYA0-lknhE-00721-00162615-00163008 levels of anxiety there's
0jYA0-lknhE-00722-00162760-00163072 mild that's seldom you have a problem
0jYA0-lknhE-00723-00163008-00163376 with it
0jYA0-lknhE-00724-00163072-00163679 there's moderate anxiety which is this
0jYA0-lknhE-00725-00163376-00163896 perceptual feel begins to diminish
0jYA0-lknhE-00726-00163679-00164112 there's severe anxiety where the
0jYA0-lknhE-00727-00163896-00164288 perceptual field diminishes greatly
0jYA0-lknhE-00728-00164112-00164512 and there's there's that panic state
0jYA0-lknhE-00729-00164288-00164760 which is the most intense state
0jYA0-lknhE-00730-00164512-00164912 and with panic anxiety the individual is
0jYA0-lknhE-00731-00164760-00165167 unable to focus
0jYA0-lknhE-00732-00164912-00165255 on even one detail within their
0jYA0-lknhE-00733-00165167-00165515 environment
0jYA0-lknhE-00734-00165255-00165639 they have misconceptions uh
0jYA0-lknhE-00735-00165515-00165864 misinterpretations
0jYA0-lknhE-00736-00165639-00166000 are common they have a loss of contact
0jYA0-lknhE-00737-00165864-00166272 with reality that can
0jYA0-lknhE-00738-00166000-00166439 occur this is also where we may get into
0jYA0-lknhE-00739-00166272-00166736 some hallucination
0jYA0-lknhE-00740-00166439-00166936 or delusions that may be present uh the
0jYA0-lknhE-00741-00166736-00167224 behavior can be characterized as
0jYA0-lknhE-00742-00166936-00167312 wild and desperate um their actions
0jYA0-lknhE-00743-00167224-00167615 become very
0jYA0-lknhE-00744-00167312-00167815 extreme they can withdraw when you think
0jYA0-lknhE-00745-00167615-00168024 about the human functioning pattern and
0jYA0-lknhE-00746-00167815-00168279 their communication
0jYA0-lknhE-00747-00168024-00168496 these often become ineffective the
0jYA0-lknhE-00748-00168279-00168727 individual may be convinced that they
0jYA0-lknhE-00749-00168496-00168960 have a life-threatening illness or their
0jYA0-lknhE-00750-00168727-00169032 fear that they're going crazy or there's
0jYA0-lknhE-00751-00168960-00169320 this
0jYA0-lknhE-00752-00169032-00169520 feeling of loss of total control um
0jYA0-lknhE-00753-00169320-00169832 they're emotionally weaked
0jYA0-lknhE-00754-00169520-00170112 prolonged panic anxiety can lead to both
0jYA0-lknhE-00755-00169832-00170184 physical and emotional exhaustion
0jYA0-lknhE-00756-00170112-00170464 exhaustion
0jYA0-lknhE-00757-00170184-00170560 and can be life threatening again hear
0jYA0-lknhE-00758-00170464-00170976 me there
0jYA0-lknhE-00759-00170560-00171312 prolonged panic anxiety
0jYA0-lknhE-00760-00170976-00171608 can be life threatening you
0jYA0-lknhE-00761-00171312-00171736 vote you wear yourself out both
0jYA0-lknhE-00762-00171608-00172072 physically
0jYA0-lknhE-00763-00171736-00172303 and emotionally i would know that
0jYA0-lknhE-00764-00172072-00172584 i would know that for uh even for
0jYA0-lknhE-00765-00172303-00172584 testing purposes
0jYA0-lknhE-00766-00172655-00172984 so as we talk about anxiety we have to
0jYA0-lknhE-00767-00172903-00173327 talk about
0jYA0-lknhE-00768-00172984-00173503 how we adapt on to the levels of anxiety
0jYA0-lknhE-00769-00173327-00173760 and so if you think about at the mild
0jYA0-lknhE-00770-00173503-00173815 level in the individual can employ a
0jYA0-lknhE-00771-00173760-00174064 variety
0jYA0-lknhE-00772-00173815-00174312 of coping mechanisms to deal with stress
0jYA0-lknhE-00773-00174064-00174624 a few of these including mine
0jYA0-lknhE-00774-00174312-00174976 is eating so we have people that become
0jYA0-lknhE-00775-00174624-00175248 anxious and they eat um and
0jYA0-lknhE-00776-00174976-00175415 they may go on almost like binges of
0jYA0-lknhE-00777-00175248-00175615 eating you know they eat
0jYA0-lknhE-00778-00175415-00175720 and they really don't even realize how
0jYA0-lknhE-00779-00175615-00175967 much they're eating
0jYA0-lknhE-00780-00175720-00176079 um there are people that will drink
0jYA0-lknhE-00781-00175967-00176320 they're people that
0jYA0-lknhE-00782-00176079-00176624 will sleep for long periods of time
0jYA0-lknhE-00783-00176320-00176791 there are people that cope with anxiety
0jYA0-lknhE-00784-00176624-00176960 the mild form of anxiety through
0jYA0-lknhE-00785-00176791-00177191 physical exercise
0jYA0-lknhE-00786-00176960-00177279 and so when we're looking at it from a
0jYA0-lknhE-00787-00177191-00177600 mild
0jYA0-lknhE-00788-00177279-00177855 standpoint um these coping mechanisms
0jYA0-lknhE-00789-00177600-00178055 can be small now we're not talking about
0jYA0-lknhE-00790-00177855-00178144 you know i laughed and said eating that
0jYA0-lknhE-00791-00178055-00178367 would be me
0jYA0-lknhE-00792-00178144-00178591 we're not talking about eating to the
0jYA0-lknhE-00793-00178367-00178896 point that you make yourself sick
0jYA0-lknhE-00794-00178591-00179008 um but people eat because of an
0jYA0-lknhE-00795-00178896-00179224 emotional
0jYA0-lknhE-00796-00179008-00179327 there's an emotional tie that may be
0jYA0-lknhE-00797-00179224-00179703 there food
0jYA0-lknhE-00798-00179327-00180008 can be comforting to someone um
0jYA0-lknhE-00799-00179703-00180136 you know of course drinking um and we
0jYA0-lknhE-00800-00180008-00180288 don't we're not talking about drinking
0jYA0-lknhE-00801-00180136-00180591 to excess
0jYA0-lknhE-00802-00180288-00181000 um other things that people can do is
0jYA0-lknhE-00803-00180591-00181239 um snapping their fingers or um
0jYA0-lknhE-00804-00181000-00181448 i didn't realize it for a long time
0jYA0-lknhE-00805-00181239-00181527 until i had a colleague at work tell me
0jYA0-lknhE-00806-00181448-00181703 one time
0jYA0-lknhE-00807-00181527-00181879 she said you're driving me crazy with
0jYA0-lknhE-00808-00181703-00181976 that pen and i wouldn't even realize
0jYA0-lknhE-00809-00181879-00182127 that i was doing it
0jYA0-lknhE-00810-00181976-00182327 but i would be clicking i would be
0jYA0-lknhE-00811-00182127-00182503 sitting and clicking the pen
0jYA0-lknhE-00812-00182327-00182679 you know just clicking it up and down up
0jYA0-lknhE-00813-00182503-00182848 and down up and down and she said oh my
0jYA0-lknhE-00814-00182679-00183024 god it's driving me crazy and it wasn't
0jYA0-lknhE-00815-00182848-00183272 until she pointed it out to me
0jYA0-lknhE-00816-00183024-00183376 that i even realized that i was doing it
0jYA0-lknhE-00817-00183272-00183760 um
0jYA0-lknhE-00818-00183376-00183815 you know stress can be body movements as
0jYA0-lknhE-00819-00183760-00184048 well
0jYA0-lknhE-00820-00183815-00184136 so those are things that you begin to
0jYA0-lknhE-00821-00184048-00184360 think about
0jYA0-lknhE-00822-00184136-00184448 now an important thing is how does those
0jYA0-lknhE-00823-00184360-00184767 coping
0jYA0-lknhE-00824-00184448-00184912 uh behaviors enhance one of one's
0jYA0-lknhE-00825-00184767-00185152 ability to adapt
0jYA0-lknhE-00826-00184912-00185232 to a certain environment or to the to
0jYA0-lknhE-00827-00185152-00185415 the level
0jYA0-lknhE-00828-00185232-00185591 level of anxiety that they're dealing
0jYA0-lknhE-00829-00185415-00185896 with
0jYA0-lknhE-00830-00185591-00186144 so one way a person may um adapt with
0jYA0-lknhE-00831-00185896-00186479 that anxiety or that level of stress
0jYA0-lknhE-00832-00186144-00186784 is the ego defense mechanism and that's
0jYA0-lknhE-00833-00186479-00187127 very common in mild to moderate anxiety
0jYA0-lknhE-00834-00186784-00187232 and it's it's can include um denial of
0jYA0-lknhE-00835-00187127-00187624 something
0jYA0-lknhE-00836-00187232-00187976 um you know forms of isolation
0jYA0-lknhE-00837-00187624-00188320 sometimes you project um on others
0jYA0-lknhE-00838-00187976-00188415 and those things are fairly common for
0jYA0-lknhE-00839-00188320-00188600 us to do
0jYA0-lknhE-00840-00188415-00188791 and it's at that mild to moderate level
0jYA0-lknhE-00841-00188600-00189144 that the strength of the ego is actually
0jYA0-lknhE-00842-00188791-00189200 tested um remember that our ego defense
0jYA0-lknhE-00843-00189144-00189391 mechanism
0jYA0-lknhE-00844-00189200-00189600 and you should learn this way back in
0jYA0-lknhE-00845-00189391-00189815 studying ericsson
0jYA0-lknhE-00846-00189600-00189903 and stages of development and those kind
0jYA0-lknhE-00847-00189815-00190320 of things
0jYA0-lknhE-00848-00189903-00190655 um was that we employ these
0jYA0-lknhE-00849-00190320-00190736 for some form of protection for
0jYA0-lknhE-00850-00190655-00191015 ourselves
0jYA0-lknhE-00851-00190736-00191200 okay and so you may actually see on
0jYA0-lknhE-00852-00191015-00191432 these mechanisms when you're
0jYA0-lknhE-00853-00191200-00191615 observing in the clinical setting um
0jYA0-lknhE-00854-00191432-00191703 with your classmates with family or
0jYA0-lknhE-00855-00191615-00192015 friends
0jYA0-lknhE-00856-00191703-00192327 um and so you begin to think about
0jYA0-lknhE-00857-00192015-00192639 well why is this important why is this
0jYA0-lknhE-00858-00192327-00192927 this particular defense mechanism um the
0jYA0-lknhE-00859-00192639-00193224 mechanism that that individual is using
0jYA0-lknhE-00860-00192927-00193303 and you know how did how are they
0jYA0-lknhE-00861-00193224-00193712 adapting
0jYA0-lknhE-00862-00193303-00193712 um on a everyday basis
0jYA0-lknhE-00863-00193936-00194279 so here we go if you look at the ego
0jYA0-lknhE-00864-00194103-00194400 defense mechanisms um there's
0jYA0-lknhE-00865-00194279-00194584 compensation
0jYA0-lknhE-00866-00194400-00194791 there's denial there's displacement
0jYA0-lknhE-00867-00194584-00195055 there's identification
0jYA0-lknhE-00868-00194791-00195272 you intellectualize something there's
0jYA0-lknhE-00869-00195055-00195464 introjection and isolation
0jYA0-lknhE-00870-00195272-00195576 and or projection that we just talked
0jYA0-lknhE-00871-00195464-00195855 about
0jYA0-lknhE-00872-00195576-00196096 are you rationalizing something is there
0jYA0-lknhE-00873-00195855-00196415 a reaction formation
0jYA0-lknhE-00874-00196096-00196784 do you actually regress and go back to a
0jYA0-lknhE-00875-00196415-00197096 another state uh are you repressing
0jYA0-lknhE-00876-00196784-00197320 feelings um or suppressing
0jYA0-lknhE-00877-00197096-00197432 something you know even suppressing the
0jYA0-lknhE-00878-00197320-00197712 desire to
0jYA0-lknhE-00879-00197432-00197736 act in a certain way and then is there
0jYA0-lknhE-00880-00197712-00198055 an
0jYA0-lknhE-00881-00197736-00198103 undoing of things and so those things
0jYA0-lknhE-00882-00198055-00198344 become
0jYA0-lknhE-00883-00198103-00198512 important as we're thinking about the
0jYA0-lknhE-00884-00198344-00199015 clients that we may
0jYA0-lknhE-00885-00198512-00199296 be seeing um in the clinical setting
0jYA0-lknhE-00886-00199015-00199503 so if you look on page seven in your
0jYA0-lknhE-00887-00199296-00199688 text there is a table there with those
0jYA0-lknhE-00888-00199503-00199912 ego defense mechanisms
0jYA0-lknhE-00889-00199688-00199991 um that you'll want to spend some time
0jYA0-lknhE-00890-00199912-00200296 just
0jYA0-lknhE-00891-00199991-00200448 looking at um and so that you'll have a
0jYA0-lknhE-00892-00200296-00200608 better understand so when you think
0jYA0-lknhE-00893-00200448-00200951 about compensation
0jYA0-lknhE-00894-00200608-00201112 you know um is it covering up a real or
0jYA0-lknhE-00895-00200951-00201400 perceived weakness
0jYA0-lknhE-00896-00201112-00201551 denial do we refuse to acknowledge the
0jYA0-lknhE-00897-00201400-00201848 existence of something
0jYA0-lknhE-00898-00201551-00201936 um displacement are we transferring our
0jYA0-lknhE-00899-00201848-00202224 feelings
0jYA0-lknhE-00900-00201936-00202360 uh onto someone else or targeting
0jYA0-lknhE-00901-00202224-00202584 someone else
0jYA0-lknhE-00902-00202360-00202767 with the intellectualization it's an
0jYA0-lknhE-00903-00202584-00203015 attempt to avoid expressing
0jYA0-lknhE-00904-00202767-00203224 actual emotions associated with
0jYA0-lknhE-00905-00203015-00203576 stressful situations
0jYA0-lknhE-00906-00203224-00203776 um isolation do we separate a thought or
0jYA0-lknhE-00907-00203576-00204079 a memory from a feeling
0jYA0-lknhE-00908-00203776-00204376 tone or emotion projection are you
0jYA0-lknhE-00909-00204079-00204688 attributing that feeling or that impulse
0jYA0-lknhE-00910-00204376-00204807 um that's unacceptable to oneself or to
0jYA0-lknhE-00911-00204688-00205087 another person
0jYA0-lknhE-00912-00204807-00205191 so go over that table re read through
0jYA0-lknhE-00913-00205087-00205359 that table
0jYA0-lknhE-00914-00205191-00205535 um just so that you have a better
0jYA0-lknhE-00915-00205359-00205615 understanding of the ego defense
0jYA0-lknhE-00916-00205535-00205776 mechanisms
0jYA0-lknhE-00917-00205615-00206183 and like i said you should have already
0jYA0-lknhE-00918-00205776-00206183 had that this should be a review for you
0jYA0-lknhE-00919-00206223-00206656 so when anxiety moves to the moderate to
0jYA0-lknhE-00920-00206471-00206880 severe level this is the
0jYA0-lknhE-00921-00206656-00207096 that state of where it remains
0jYA0-lknhE-00922-00206880-00207167 unresolved over an extended period of
0jYA0-lknhE-00923-00207096-00207383 time
0jYA0-lknhE-00924-00207167-00207552 and it can contribute to a number of
0jYA0-lknhE-00925-00207383-00207807 physiological disorders
0jYA0-lknhE-00926-00207552-00208039 remember how we talked about that severe
0jYA0-lknhE-00927-00207807-00208271 anxiety could be life-threatening
0jYA0-lknhE-00928-00208039-00208571 so um go back to that when that's
0jYA0-lknhE-00929-00208271-00208863 extended periods of time you get some
0jYA0-lknhE-00930-00208571-00209048 psychoneurotic responses such as that
0jYA0-lknhE-00931-00208863-00209223 with anxiety disorders
0jYA0-lknhE-00932-00209048-00209407 somatic syndrome disorders or
0jYA0-lknhE-00933-00209223-00209600 dissociative disorders
0jYA0-lknhE-00934-00209407-00209800 some common characters of individuals
0jYA0-lknhE-00935-00209600-00210119 with neurosis include
0jYA0-lknhE-00936-00209800-00210223 they are um they are aware that they are
0jYA0-lknhE-00937-00210119-00210464 feeling
0jYA0-lknhE-00938-00210223-00210671 experiencing the stress they're aware
0jYA0-lknhE-00939-00210464-00211011 that their behaviors are maladaptive
0jYA0-lknhE-00940-00210671-00211359 they're unaware of any possible
0jYA0-lknhE-00941-00211011-00211528 physiological or psychological causes of
0jYA0-lknhE-00942-00211359-00211696 the distress so they're unaware of any
0jYA0-lknhE-00943-00211528-00211800 possible psychological causes of
0jYA0-lknhE-00944-00211696-00212007 distress
0jYA0-lknhE-00945-00211800-00212128 they feel helpless to change their
0jYA0-lknhE-00946-00212007-00212432 situation
0jYA0-lknhE-00947-00212128-00212744 and they experience no loss of contact
0jYA0-lknhE-00948-00212432-00212976 with reality so as this progresses
0jYA0-lknhE-00949-00212744-00213304 remember we're moving from this
0jYA0-lknhE-00950-00212976-00213456 mild um anxiety to moderate to severe
0jYA0-lknhE-00951-00213304-00213656 levels of anxiety
0jYA0-lknhE-00952-00213456-00213807 we can have these things that are going
0jYA0-lknhE-00953-00213656-00213992 on and this
0jYA0-lknhE-00954-00213807-00214128 this is where we start getting into that
0jYA0-lknhE-00955-00213992-00214352 life-threatening
0jYA0-lknhE-00956-00214128-00214640 um situations if we don't get this
0jYA0-lknhE-00957-00214352-00214640 behavior changed
0jYA0-lknhE-00958-00214671-00215104 so you remember earlier we talked about
0jYA0-lknhE-00959-00214848-00215280 that on panic level that can relate to
0jYA0-lknhE-00960-00215104-00215535 those hallucinations
0jYA0-lknhE-00961-00215280-00215783 um those kind of things so we start to
0jYA0-lknhE-00962-00215535-00215856 see some psychosis building again you
0jYA0-lknhE-00963-00215783-00216192 see
0jYA0-lknhE-00964-00215856-00216311 this is now becoming a severe problem
0jYA0-lknhE-00965-00216192-00216559 it's not just
0jYA0-lknhE-00966-00216311-00216623 a mild case of something it's moved to
0jYA0-lknhE-00967-00216559-00216959 um
0jYA0-lknhE-00968-00216623-00217344 a high severity level um
0jYA0-lknhE-00969-00216959-00217664 they exhibit individuals that are in um
0jYA0-lknhE-00970-00217344-00217856 psychosis can exhibit minimal distress
0jYA0-lknhE-00971-00217664-00217992 they're unaware that their behavior is
0jYA0-lknhE-00972-00217856-00218335 even maladaptive
0jYA0-lknhE-00973-00217992-00218423 they're unaware of any um psychological
0jYA0-lknhE-00974-00218335-00218719 problems
0jYA0-lknhE-00975-00218423-00218856 they're they are exhibiting a flight
0jYA0-lknhE-00976-00218719-00219167 from reality
0jYA0-lknhE-00977-00218856-00219207 into less stressful world and one that
0jYA0-lknhE-00978-00219167-00219623 uh
0jYA0-lknhE-00979-00219207-00219864 and a world that is excuse me
0jYA0-lknhE-00980-00219623-00219935 one in which they begin to attempt to
0jYA0-lknhE-00981-00219864-00220167 adapt
0jYA0-lknhE-00982-00219935-00220407 so think about this and say they have
0jYA0-lknhE-00983-00220167-00220496 moved from reality to non-reality and
0jYA0-lknhE-00984-00220407-00220896 they're trying to
0jYA0-lknhE-00985-00220496-00221176 adapt into that non-real state
0jYA0-lknhE-00986-00220896-00221319 so some examples of psychosis would be
0jYA0-lknhE-00987-00221176-00221576 um schizophrenia
0jYA0-lknhE-00988-00221319-00221807 schizoaffective and delusional disorders
0jYA0-lknhE-00989-00221576-00221848 which we will all talk about later um as
0jYA0-lknhE-00990-00221807-00222176 we
0jYA0-lknhE-00991-00221848-00222176 progress through this semester
0jYA0-lknhE-00992-00222200-00222592 so earlier on in the lecture i talked
0jYA0-lknhE-00993-00222423-00222704 about um grief and how we're going to
0jYA0-lknhE-00994-00222592-00222919 talk about grief
0jYA0-lknhE-00995-00222704-00223119 and there's five stages of grief and we
0jYA0-lknhE-00996-00222919-00223376 typically look at kubler-ross
0jYA0-lknhE-00997-00223119-00223496 um five stages of grief that's the most
0jYA0-lknhE-00998-00223376-00223816 common that we see
0jYA0-lknhE-00999-00223496-00223848 denial being um one of those stages now
0jYA0-lknhE-01000-00223816-00224152 we
0jYA0-lknhE-01001-00223848-00224200 we we tend to list them in these one two
0jYA0-lknhE-01002-00224152-00224407 three four
0jYA0-lknhE-01003-00224200-00224623 five order but i just want you to know
0jYA0-lknhE-01004-00224407-00224728 that stages of grief can actually come
0jYA0-lknhE-01005-00224623-00224919 in any order
0jYA0-lknhE-01006-00224728-00225104 so if you think about denial it's the
0jYA0-lknhE-01007-00224919-00225311 stage of disbelief
0jYA0-lknhE-01008-00225104-00225407 in which the reality of loss is not
0jYA0-lknhE-01009-00225311-00225840 acknowledged
0jYA0-lknhE-01010-00225407-00226200 so um let's just say someone who gets a
0jYA0-lknhE-01011-00225840-00226519 diagnosis of cancer um and
0jYA0-lknhE-01012-00226200-00226816 everything's clear you know it's very
0jYA0-lknhE-01013-00226519-00227088 evident that the cancer is there but yet
0jYA0-lknhE-01014-00226816-00227152 they are denying that they have it they
0jYA0-lknhE-01015-00227088-00227383 don't want to
0jYA0-lknhE-01016-00227152-00227544 face that reality so they're in that
0jYA0-lknhE-01017-00227383-00227864 stage of denial
0jYA0-lknhE-01018-00227544-00228192 uh then there comes a stage of anger
0jYA0-lknhE-01019-00227864-00228288 um again like i said these these can be
0jYA0-lknhE-01020-00228192-00228423 mixed up
0jYA0-lknhE-01021-00228288-00228664 they don't have to come in a specific
0jYA0-lknhE-01022-00228423-00228976 order but there's a stage of anger
0jYA0-lknhE-01023-00228664-00229056 um and that's that stage when envy and
0jYA0-lknhE-01024-00228976-00229423 resentment
0jYA0-lknhE-01025-00229056-00229807 take place um so the individual
0jYA0-lknhE-01026-00229423-00229976 is just mad uh mad about what's going on
0jYA0-lknhE-01027-00229807-00230200 then there's that bargaining staging you
0jYA0-lknhE-01028-00229976-00230519 know for years i've i've used this
0jYA0-lknhE-01029-00230200-00230583 um as the example for bargaining lord if
0jYA0-lknhE-01030-00230519-00230792 you'll just
0jYA0-lknhE-01031-00230583-00230896 let me live you know because i was
0jYA0-lknhE-01032-00230792-00231064 talking about cancer
0jYA0-lknhE-01033-00230896-00231271 so lord if you'll just let me live to
0jYA0-lknhE-01034-00231064-00231656 see my child graduate
0jYA0-lknhE-01035-00231271-00232064 um or if i can just do this
0jYA0-lknhE-01036-00231656-00232376 if i can just make it until
0jYA0-lknhE-01037-00232064-00232528 my child is five or my child turns 18
0jYA0-lknhE-01038-00232376-00232696 where i know that they're going to be
0jYA0-lknhE-01039-00232528-00232983 able to take care of themselves
0jYA0-lknhE-01040-00232696-00233080 so now we're we're in this stage of um
0jYA0-lknhE-01041-00232983-00233392 bargaining with
0jYA0-lknhE-01042-00233080-00233800 with somebody typically a higher power
0jYA0-lknhE-01043-00233392-00234144 um we may begin to make promises um
0jYA0-lknhE-01044-00233800-00234416 to try to reverse or postpone this loss
0jYA0-lknhE-01045-00234144-00234544 uh i'll do better you know if you'll let
0jYA0-lknhE-01046-00234416-00234800 this go away
0jYA0-lknhE-01047-00234544-00234944 um then there's that stage of depression
0jYA0-lknhE-01048-00234800-00235000 and you heard me talk a little bit about
0jYA0-lknhE-01049-00234944-00235200 that
0jYA0-lknhE-01050-00235000-00235328 uh and with depression there becomes
0jYA0-lknhE-01051-00235200-00235671 desperation
0jYA0-lknhE-01052-00235328-00235880 and disengagement um that occurs and a
0jYA0-lknhE-01053-00235671-00235928 person is at a loss they they really
0jYA0-lknhE-01054-00235880-00236240 don't
0jYA0-lknhE-01055-00235928-00236416 know what to do um we may see that this
0jYA0-lknhE-01056-00236240-00236576 individual is sleeping for longer
0jYA0-lknhE-01057-00236416-00236711 periods of time
0jYA0-lknhE-01058-00236576-00236935 they don't want to have contact they're
0jYA0-lknhE-01059-00236711-00237144 isolating themselves they're not eating
0jYA0-lknhE-01060-00236935-00237416 like they should those kind of things
0jYA0-lknhE-01061-00237144-00237511 now the final stage the final stage
0jYA0-lknhE-01062-00237416-00237864 irregardless
0jYA0-lknhE-01063-00237511-00238032 is acceptance um and at the point of
0jYA0-lknhE-01064-00237864-00238376 acceptance they have
0jYA0-lknhE-01065-00238032-00238688 um resign themselves
0jYA0-lknhE-01066-00238376-00239064 to recognize that this
0jYA0-lknhE-01067-00238688-00239304 loss is real okay um
0jYA0-lknhE-01068-00239064-00239504 that it's it that it's becoming a
0jYA0-lknhE-01069-00239304-00239864 reality so whatever that
0jYA0-lknhE-01070-00239504-00239864 loss is okay
0jYA0-lknhE-01071-00239983-00240416 so with those stages of grief we have
0jYA0-lknhE-01072-00240176-00240680 what's called anticipatory grief this
0jYA0-lknhE-01073-00240416-00240783 is the grief process before the actual
0jYA0-lknhE-01074-00240680-00241000 loss occurs
0jYA0-lknhE-01075-00240783-00241104 so you're anticipating that something's
0jYA0-lknhE-01076-00241000-00241392 going to happen
0jYA0-lknhE-01077-00241104-00241496 and you already start grieving about it
0jYA0-lknhE-01078-00241392-00241792 the resolution
0jYA0-lknhE-01079-00241496-00241928 is the length of the grief process and
0jYA0-lknhE-01080-00241792-00242176 that is entirely
0jYA0-lknhE-01081-00241928-00242271 individual so how long it takes someone
0jYA0-lknhE-01082-00242176-00242607 to move
0jYA0-lknhE-01083-00242271-00242680 from one um area of resolution to
0jYA0-lknhE-01084-00242607-00242967 another
0jYA0-lknhE-01085-00242680-00243056 is com completely um on an individual
0jYA0-lknhE-01086-00242967-00243280 basis
0jYA0-lknhE-01087-00243056-00243440 it can last from a few weeks to years
0jYA0-lknhE-01088-00243280-00243519 and it's influenced by a number of
0jYA0-lknhE-01089-00243440-00243688 factors so
0jYA0-lknhE-01090-00243519-00244000 what do you think are some factors that
0jYA0-lknhE-01091-00243688-00244248 it might be influenced by
0jYA0-lknhE-01092-00244000-00244480 so let's think about that going back to
0jYA0-lknhE-01093-00244248-00244792 that culture so the cultural could
0jYA0-lknhE-01094-00244480-00245064 um be an uh a factor
0jYA0-lknhE-01095-00244792-00245200 so in some cultures there's a mourning
0jYA0-lknhE-01096-00245064-00245504 process for a widow
0jYA0-lknhE-01097-00245200-00245823 that's a year uh and so they're in
0jYA0-lknhE-01098-00245504-00246000 mourning basically for for a year so
0jYA0-lknhE-01099-00245823-00246271 that could be something that's
0jYA0-lknhE-01100-00246000-00246496 culturally related that we would say oh
0jYA0-lknhE-01101-00246271-00246631 my god that that grief is extended for a
0jYA0-lknhE-01102-00246496-00246928 long period of time
0jYA0-lknhE-01103-00246631-00247167 but for that that individual that's that
0jYA0-lknhE-01104-00246928-00247480 would be a normal process for them
0jYA0-lknhE-01105-00247167-00247744 so um just re recognize that resolution
0jYA0-lknhE-01106-00247480-00247944 is that length of the grief process uh
0jYA0-lknhE-01107-00247744-00248248 and that's based on an individual
0jYA0-lknhE-01108-00247944-00248680 on individuals um
0jYA0-lknhE-01109-00248248-00248928 belief and cultural uh aspects
0jYA0-lknhE-01110-00248680-00249007 so then we have um the experience of
0jYA0-lknhE-01111-00248928-00249216 guilt
0jYA0-lknhE-01112-00249007-00249448 uh guilt for having a love-hate
0jYA0-lknhE-01113-00249216-00249807 relationship with the lost uh
0jYA0-lknhE-01114-00249448-00250064 lot with the lost entity um guilt
0jYA0-lknhE-01115-00249807-00250248 often will lengthen the grieving process
0jYA0-lknhE-01116-00250064-00250544 and so you can think about this
0jYA0-lknhE-01117-00250248-00250592 um i just recently lost my grandmother
0jYA0-lknhE-01118-00250544-00250744 you know
0jYA0-lknhE-01119-00250592-00250919 when i said recently i'm talking about
0jYA0-lknhE-01120-00250744-00251280 in the last two weeks um
0jYA0-lknhE-01121-00250919-00251600 she was 102 years old and uh so it's not
0jYA0-lknhE-01122-00251280-00251871 like death was unexpected at some point
0jYA0-lknhE-01123-00251600-00252071 now she did turn have a turn for the
0jYA0-lknhE-01124-00251871-00252367 worst that was kind of sudden
0jYA0-lknhE-01125-00252071-00252440 so her death was a little bit um sudden
0jYA0-lknhE-01126-00252367-00252800 but
0jYA0-lknhE-01127-00252440-00253240 um you know as i was thinking about this
0jYA0-lknhE-01128-00252800-00253504 process of grief it's
0jYA0-lknhE-01129-00253240-00253631 i have a large family and i have
0jYA0-lknhE-01130-00253504-00253976 grandchildren that
0jYA0-lknhE-01131-00253631-00254280 visited my grandmother uh quite often
0jYA0-lknhE-01132-00253976-00254376 and then we have grandchildren that had
0jYA0-lknhE-01133-00254280-00254680 not seen her
0jYA0-lknhE-01134-00254376-00254880 in probably two years so
0jYA0-lknhE-01135-00254680-00255007 i actually heard one of them at the
0jYA0-lknhE-01136-00254880-00255328 funeral made the statement
0jYA0-lknhE-01137-00255007-00255592 i should have came and saw grandma um
0jYA0-lknhE-01138-00255328-00255680 more often i should have came and saw
0jYA0-lknhE-01139-00255592-00255880 her
0jYA0-lknhE-01140-00255680-00256048 before she got to the point that she
0jYA0-lknhE-01141-00255880-00256231 didn't know who i was
0jYA0-lknhE-01142-00256048-00256392 and so i would take that is there's a
0jYA0-lknhE-01143-00256231-00256488 little bit of guilt going on with that
0jYA0-lknhE-01144-00256392-00256816 individual
0jYA0-lknhE-01145-00256488-00257040 and so the grieving process for them
0jYA0-lknhE-01146-00256816-00257200 may be very different than the grieving
0jYA0-lknhE-01147-00257040-00257464 process for myself
0jYA0-lknhE-01148-00257200-00257704 and so that's just a personal story um
0jYA0-lknhE-01149-00257464-00257944 and you probably each have your own
0jYA0-lknhE-01150-00257704-00258240 personal stories that you can relate to
0jYA0-lknhE-01151-00257944-00258528 but recognizing that you can lengthen
0jYA0-lknhE-01152-00258240-00258719 on this grief process and then again we
0jYA0-lknhE-01153-00258528-00258896 talked about that anticipatory um
0jYA0-lknhE-01154-00258719-00258992 grieving is thought to shorten the grief
0jYA0-lknhE-01155-00258896-00259176 process
0jYA0-lknhE-01156-00258992-00259367 when the loss actually occurs you
0jYA0-lknhE-01157-00259176-00259456 already anticipated that it was going to
0jYA0-lknhE-01158-00259367-00259792 happen
0jYA0-lknhE-01159-00259456-00259944 um you've probably already resolved
0jYA0-lknhE-01160-00259792-00260207 in your mind that this is going to
0jYA0-lknhE-01161-00259944-00260528 happen and so when it does happen
0jYA0-lknhE-01162-00260207-00260631 um your response to it is a little bit
0jYA0-lknhE-01163-00260528-00260840 different and so
0jYA0-lknhE-01164-00260631-00261048 maybe for me you know with my own
0jYA0-lknhE-01165-00260840-00261440 personal story that's where i was
0jYA0-lknhE-01166-00261048-00261744 um it was a an anticipatory
0jYA0-lknhE-01167-00261440-00261919 um thing you know
0jYA0-lknhE-01168-00261744-00262056 my grandma's 102 years old she's not
0jYA0-lknhE-01169-00261919-00262240 going to live forever
0jYA0-lknhE-01170-00262056-00262431 i would personally like for her to
0jYA0-lknhE-01171-00262240-00262688 continue to live on
0jYA0-lknhE-01172-00262431-00262783 but you know the reality of it for me
0jYA0-lknhE-01173-00262688-00263176 was
0jYA0-lknhE-01174-00262783-00263576 um my grief process started
0jYA0-lknhE-01175-00263176-00263735 um the moment that she could no longer
0jYA0-lknhE-01176-00263576-00263976 care for herself the way
0jYA0-lknhE-01177-00263735-00264048 i know she wanted to be able to care for
0jYA0-lknhE-01178-00263976-00264376 herself
0jYA0-lknhE-01179-00264048-00264616 because she was a very independent woman
0jYA0-lknhE-01180-00264376-00264768 and then a woman who was widowed more
0jYA0-lknhE-01181-00264616-00265080 years than she was married
0jYA0-lknhE-01182-00264768-00265352 a woman who husband died
0jYA0-lknhE-01183-00265080-00265472 in his late 40s early 50s i never knew
0jYA0-lknhE-01184-00265352-00265680 my grandfather
0jYA0-lknhE-01185-00265472-00265928 and she raised the whole family by
0jYA0-lknhE-01186-00265680-00266048 herself you know she was left with a
0jYA0-lknhE-01187-00265928-00266352 house full of small
0jYA0-lknhE-01188-00266048-00266711 children um to take care of
0jYA0-lknhE-01189-00266352-00266959 and so she you know was very independent
0jYA0-lknhE-01190-00266711-00267120 so at the time that a couple years ago
0jYA0-lknhE-01191-00266959-00267400 that she had a stroke
0jYA0-lknhE-01192-00267120-00267472 i think my grief process began for me
0jYA0-lknhE-01193-00267400-00267696 then
0jYA0-lknhE-01194-00267472-00267904 because it was like she's not the woman
0jYA0-lknhE-01195-00267696-00268272 that she used to be that i know
0jYA0-lknhE-01196-00267904-00268624 she desires to be and so her
0jYA0-lknhE-01197-00268272-00268935 point of life changed for
0jYA0-lknhE-01198-00268624-00269216 for her and it also changed for me so
0jYA0-lknhE-01199-00268935-00269311 um am i sad that she's gone of course
0jYA0-lknhE-01200-00269216-00269640 you know
0jYA0-lknhE-01201-00269311-00269952 but i don't have guilt in her
0jYA0-lknhE-01202-00269640-00270016 death um because i did what i could for
0jYA0-lknhE-01203-00269952-00270264 her
0jYA0-lknhE-01204-00270016-00270376 i have family members who like i said
0jYA0-lknhE-01205-00270264-00270559 made the statement
0jYA0-lknhE-01206-00270376-00270728 i should have done things differently so
0jYA0-lknhE-01207-00270559-00270776 they had that little piece of guilt
0jYA0-lknhE-01208-00270728-00271088 there
0jYA0-lknhE-01209-00270776-00271272 so again the personal story but um one
0jYA0-lknhE-01210-00271088-00271631 that i think is very relevant
0jYA0-lknhE-01211-00271272-00272120 to understanding um anticipatory grief
0jYA0-lknhE-01212-00271631-00272120 and how we move um through those stages
0jYA0-lknhE-01213-00272176-00272520 so um the length of grief you know i
0jYA0-lknhE-01214-00272431-00272711 talked
0jYA0-lknhE-01215-00272520-00272840 earlier about um you can have
0jYA0-lknhE-01216-00272711-00273080 maladaptive degree
0jYA0-lknhE-01217-00272840-00273159 so the length of grief is a response is
0jYA0-lknhE-01218-00273080-00273328 often
0jYA0-lknhE-01219-00273159-00273576 extended when an individual has
0jYA0-lknhE-01220-00273328-00273800 experienced a number of recent laws
0jYA0-lknhE-01221-00273576-00274000 and when he or she is unable to complete
0jYA0-lknhE-01222-00273800-00274072 one grieving process before another one
0jYA0-lknhE-01223-00274000-00274407 begins
0jYA0-lknhE-01224-00274072-00274552 so let's let's um let's look at
0jYA0-lknhE-01225-00274407-00274728 something that's
0jYA0-lknhE-01226-00274552-00274911 relevant to what's going on today with a
0jYA0-lknhE-01227-00274728-00275088 pandemic so
0jYA0-lknhE-01228-00274911-00275240 um you have an individual who loses
0jYA0-lknhE-01229-00275088-00275496 their job so
0jYA0-lknhE-01230-00275240-00275672 they're in some that you know there is a
0jYA0-lknhE-01231-00275496-00276007 stage of grief
0jYA0-lknhE-01232-00275672-00276248 um that can
0jYA0-lknhE-01233-00276007-00276383 be invoked because of the loss of that
0jYA0-lknhE-01234-00276248-00276568 job because you know it's a loss of
0jYA0-lknhE-01235-00276383-00276688 livelihood how am i going to survive how
0jYA0-lknhE-01236-00276568-00276816 am i going to take care of my family
0jYA0-lknhE-01237-00276688-00277088 those kind of things
0jYA0-lknhE-01238-00276816-00277320 then add to that um the fact that either
0jYA0-lknhE-01239-00277088-00277624 maybe they get sick
0jYA0-lknhE-01240-00277320-00277872 or a family member gets sick um
0jYA0-lknhE-01241-00277624-00278024 from covenanting you know i'm trying to
0jYA0-lknhE-01242-00277872-00278104 use it something that's relevant to
0jYA0-lknhE-01243-00278024-00278464 today
0jYA0-lknhE-01244-00278104-00278752 and so boom here's another loss that's
0jYA0-lknhE-01245-00278464-00278928 happening that's happening for them um
0jYA0-lknhE-01246-00278752-00279128 and it could be that that
0jYA0-lknhE-01247-00278928-00279272 that individual is in the hospital i
0jYA0-lknhE-01248-00279128-00279392 haven't said anything about them dying
0jYA0-lknhE-01249-00279272-00279496 i've just said that they've gotten
0jYA0-lknhE-01250-00279392-00279616 covered 19.
0jYA0-lknhE-01251-00279496-00279831 let's just say they went into the
0jYA0-lknhE-01252-00279616-00279983 hospital while i can't see him i can't
0jYA0-lknhE-01253-00279831-00280104 visit him because of the state that
0jYA0-lknhE-01254-00279983-00280376 we're in right now
0jYA0-lknhE-01255-00280104-00280576 so here's a lot here's another loss and
0jYA0-lknhE-01256-00280376-00280720 now let's just say that that was a
0jYA0-lknhE-01257-00280576-00280872 parent
0jYA0-lknhE-01258-00280720-00281072 of that individual and they were an
0jYA0-lknhE-01259-00280872-00281383 older parent and they died
0jYA0-lknhE-01260-00281072-00281656 because of coven 19. so you can
0jYA0-lknhE-01261-00281383-00281792 see how you have three losses right here
0jYA0-lknhE-01262-00281656-00282064 on top of one another
0jYA0-lknhE-01263-00281792-00282120 that have kind of built up so that
0jYA0-lknhE-01264-00282064-00282400 person
0jYA0-lknhE-01265-00282120-00282648 probably did not get out of one stage of
0jYA0-lknhE-01266-00282400-00282976 those five stages of grief
0jYA0-lknhE-01267-00282648-00283080 um before they moved into another stage
0jYA0-lknhE-01268-00282976-00283320 of grief
0jYA0-lknhE-01269-00283080-00283576 and so those are things that we need to
0jYA0-lknhE-01270-00283320-00283576 think about
0jYA0-lknhE-01271-00283680-00284031 so talk a little bit about the
0jYA0-lknhE-01272-00283807-00284224 resolution of grief processes thought to
0jYA0-lknhE-01273-00284031-00284368 occur when an individual can look back
0jYA0-lknhE-01274-00284224-00284672 on a relationship
0jYA0-lknhE-01275-00284368-00284744 with the lost entity and accept both the
0jYA0-lknhE-01276-00284672-00284872 pleasure
0jYA0-lknhE-01277-00284744-00285072 and the disappointments in that
0jYA0-lknhE-01278-00284872-00285383 association so
0jYA0-lknhE-01279-00285072-00285648 there's good there's bad and you
0jYA0-lknhE-01280-00285383-00285768 can move forward you you see that you
0jYA0-lknhE-01281-00285648-00285952 recognize it
0jYA0-lknhE-01282-00285768-00286168 and uh you move you're able to move
0jYA0-lknhE-01283-00285952-00286264 forward so there's this sense of
0jYA0-lknhE-01284-00286168-00286559 regaining
0jYA0-lknhE-01285-00286264-00286631 um organization there you begin to
0jYA0-lknhE-01286-00286559-00286983 pursue
0jYA0-lknhE-01287-00286631-00287407 new interests pursue new relationships
0jYA0-lknhE-01288-00286983-00287720 um replace or have a preoccupation with
0jYA0-lknhE-01289-00287407-00288016 energy or resolve so if you think about
0jYA0-lknhE-01290-00287720-00288111 resolution in um in the sense of a
0jYA0-lknhE-01291-00288016-00288376 breakup
0jYA0-lknhE-01292-00288111-00288488 um between a husband and wife boyfriend
0jYA0-lknhE-01293-00288376-00288776 and girlfriend
0jYA0-lknhE-01294-00288488-00288840 um there was a grief response to the
0jYA0-lknhE-01295-00288776-00289144 loss
0jYA0-lknhE-01296-00288840-00289368 of that relationship and um
0jYA0-lknhE-01297-00289144-00289448 now the individual in the resolution
0jYA0-lknhE-01298-00289368-00289776 phase
0jYA0-lknhE-01299-00289448-00290120 is moving forward they have moved past
0jYA0-lknhE-01300-00289776-00290424 whatever that um sense of grief was
0jYA0-lknhE-01301-00290120-00290655 to being able to say okay i'm ready to
0jYA0-lknhE-01302-00290424-00290904 to move on i'm ready to move forward and
0jYA0-lknhE-01303-00290655-00291176 so they can develop new relationships
0jYA0-lknhE-01304-00290904-00291272 um or even they can just say you know
0jYA0-lknhE-01305-00291176-00291631 what
0jYA0-lknhE-01306-00291272-00291928 it is what it is um it happened
0jYA0-lknhE-01307-00291631-00292111 i can't turn back the hands of time but
0jYA0-lknhE-01308-00291928-00292448 it's time for me to move forward
0jYA0-lknhE-01309-00292111-00292983 so you're now re beginning to resolve
0jYA0-lknhE-01310-00292448-00292983 um that response
0jYA0-lknhE-01311-00293040-00293392 and then the last thing that we want to
0jYA0-lknhE-01312-00293176-00293528 talk about is that maladaptive grief
0jYA0-lknhE-01313-00293392-00293840 response that i mentioned
0jYA0-lknhE-01314-00293528-00294055 earlier um the prolonged response
0jYA0-lknhE-01315-00293840-00294280 on to grief that's characterized by
0jYA0-lknhE-01316-00294055-00294535 intense preoccupation
0jYA0-lknhE-01317-00294280-00294752 with the lost entity and it a lot a lot
0jYA0-lknhE-01318-00294535-00295111 of times will go on and on and on
0jYA0-lknhE-01319-00294752-00295207 um the le the delayed or inhibited
0jYA0-lknhE-01320-00295111-00295407 response
0jYA0-lknhE-01321-00295207-00295616 in which the individual becomes stuck in
0jYA0-lknhE-01322-00295407-00295904 the denial stage of the grieving process
0jYA0-lknhE-01323-00295616-00296120 and they can't move past that stage and
0jYA0-lknhE-01324-00295904-00296328 then there's the distorted response and
0jYA0-lknhE-01325-00296120-00296535 in the distorted response
0jYA0-lknhE-01326-00296328-00296759 is in which the individual becomes stuck
0jYA0-lknhE-01327-00296535-00297135 in the anger stage of the process
0jYA0-lknhE-01328-00296759-00297252 so i hope that you can begin to see that
0jYA0-lknhE-01329-00297135-00297568 how this
0jYA0-lknhE-01330-00297252-00297952 prolonged period um
0jYA0-lknhE-01331-00297568-00298280 is not adaptive but it is a maladaptive
0jYA0-lknhE-01332-00297952-00298472 response to what's going on and again
0jYA0-lknhE-01333-00298280-00298696 with that individual with that
0jYA0-lknhE-01334-00298472-00298911 maladaptive response
0jYA0-lknhE-01335-00298696-00299048 we need to recognize that the individual
0jYA0-lknhE-01336-00298911-00299335 turns the anger
0jYA0-lknhE-01337-00299048-00299496 anger inward they turn it on their self
0jYA0-lknhE-01338-00299335-00299728 they become consumed with
0jYA0-lknhE-01339-00299496-00299968 overwhelming feelings of despair they
0jYA0-lknhE-01340-00299728-00300296 become unable to function in their
0jYA0-lknhE-01341-00299968-00300728 normal activities they
0jYA0-lknhE-01342-00300296-00301031 have a delay in the living process
0jYA0-lknhE-01343-00300728-00301335 their grief becomes distorted
0jYA0-lknhE-01344-00301031-00301664 and so when you think about those things
0jYA0-lknhE-01345-00301335-00301816 we very much go back to things that you
0jYA0-lknhE-01346-00301664-00302048 learn in fundamentals
0jYA0-lknhE-01347-00301816-00302311 which is what um when something
0jYA0-lknhE-01348-00302048-00302483 interferes with your activities of daily
0jYA0-lknhE-01349-00302311-00302776 living
0jYA0-lknhE-01350-00302483-00303048 um that you can control
0jYA0-lknhE-01351-00302776-00303248 that is a maladaptive experience when
0jYA0-lknhE-01352-00303048-00303607 you don't try to get a handle on it
0jYA0-lknhE-01353-00303248-00303904 so the same thing is um it
0jYA0-lknhE-01354-00303607-00304007 is relevant with the distorted grief
0jYA0-lknhE-01355-00303904-00304248 reaction
0jYA0-lknhE-01356-00304007-00304376 um because of the fact that that
0jYA0-lknhE-01357-00304248-00304592 grieving
0jYA0-lknhE-01358-00304376-00304720 when it's thought to be maladaptive when
0jYA0-lknhE-01359-00304592-00304992 the morning process
0jYA0-lknhE-01360-00304720-00305224 is prolonged when it's delayed or when
0jYA0-lknhE-01361-00304992-00305640 it inhibits a person's ability
0jYA0-lknhE-01362-00305224-00305640 um to become
0jYA0-lknhE-01363-00305704-00306344 a functioning member of society again
0jYA0-lknhE-01364-00306016-00306616 and so that is chapter one um
0jYA0-lknhE-01365-00306344-00306616 of your text
0jYA0-lknhE-01366-00306744-00307192 um as you're studying for for this i
0jYA0-lknhE-01367-00306992-00307368 would pay close attention to the
0jYA0-lknhE-01368-00307192-00307616 summary of the key points at the end of
0jYA0-lknhE-01369-00307368-00307968 the chapter i would make sure that i
0jYA0-lknhE-01370-00307616-00308072 pay attention to the um concepts of
0jYA0-lknhE-01371-00307968-00308464 grief
0jYA0-lknhE-01372-00308072-00308704 the concepts of um anxiety
0jYA0-lknhE-01373-00308464-00308880 because those are um going to be
0jYA0-lknhE-01374-00308704-00309216 important to you and looking at tests
0jYA0-lknhE-01375-00308880-00309431 for test purposes and the um physical
0jYA0-lknhE-01376-00309216-00310000 responses the fight
0jYA0-lknhE-01377-00309431-00310000 fight or flight on syndrome
0kHh-1bfs7u-00000-00000200-00000520 >> Susan M. Collins: Good afternoon everybody and welcome!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00001-00000520-00000700 I'm Susan Collins.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00002-00000700-00000967 I'm the Dean of the Gerald R. Ford School
0kHh-1bfs7u-00003-00000967-00001224 of Public Policy, and...
0kHh-1bfs7u-00004-00001224-00001351 [applause] thank you!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00005-00001351-00002018 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00006-00002018-00002285 And on behalf of the Ford School and the entire University
0kHh-1bfs7u-00007-00002285-00002475 of Michigan, it is such an honor
0kHh-1bfs7u-00008-00002475-00002749 to welcome all of you here today.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00009-00002749-00003096 I'd, in particular, like to recognize President Mark
0kHh-1bfs7u-00010-00003096-00003610 Schlissel, Provost Martha Pollack, Regent Michael Behm,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00011-00003610-00003833 Regent Emerita, Julia Darlow,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00012-00003833-00004127 and several of the university's executive offices and deans
0kHh-1bfs7u-00013-00004127-00004257 who are here with us today.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00014-00004257-00004554 Thank you so much for joining us!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00015-00004554-00005108 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00016-00005108-00005442 I'd like to acknowledge, as well, my faculty colleagues
0kHh-1bfs7u-00017-00005442-00005815 who are part of the steering committee for today's events.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00018-00005815-00006139 The university's Vice-Provost for Equity and Inclusion,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00019-00006139-00006419 and the Chief Diversity Officer, Rob Sellers,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00020-00006419-00006673 Professors Martha Jones, Ann Lynn [phonetic],
0kHh-1bfs7u-00021-00006673-00007093 and Matthew Countryman, and also my fellow Dean of the School
0kHh-1bfs7u-00022-00007093-00007303 of Music, Theater, and Dance, Aaron Dworkin.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00023-00007303-00007550 Thank you all so much!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00024-00007550-00008017 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00025-00008017-00008278 Indeed, it really is a great honor to welcome all
0kHh-1bfs7u-00026-00008278-00008505 of you here today to hear from one
0kHh-1bfs7u-00027-00008505-00008782 of the nation's most distinguished champions
0kHh-1bfs7u-00028-00008782-00009152 of civil rights, the Reverend Jesse Jackson.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00029-00009152-00009926 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00030-00009926-00010323 Before President Schlissel introduces him more fully,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00031-00010323-00010600 I'd like to offer my thanks to Reverend Jackson
0kHh-1bfs7u-00032-00010600-00010844 for spending the entire day here with us,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00033-00010844-00011101 with our students and our faculty.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00034-00011101-00011214 Thank you so much for that!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00035-00011214-00011554 We really appreciate all of your time!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00036-00011554-00011935 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00037-00011935-00012288 We're also so pleased to have his wife, Jacqueline Jackson,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00038-00012288-00012539 his son, his daughter, and his grandson all here
0kHh-1bfs7u-00039-00012539-00012806 with us this afternoon.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00040-00013403-00013777 Reverend Jackson, I look forward to your remarks and I know
0kHh-1bfs7u-00041-00013777-00014020 that I speak for many in this room and many
0kHh-1bfs7u-00042-00014020-00014377 who are watching the live stream, that the remarks
0kHh-1bfs7u-00043-00014377-00014711 that you will give us today are so needed,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00044-00014711-00014961 and are extremely important,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00045-00014961-00015335 and so we are very much looking forward to them.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00046-00015335-00015718 And now it is my honor to introduce Dr. Mark Schlissel,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00047-00015718-00016052 the 14the president of the University of Michigan.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00048-00016052-00016523 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00049-00016523-00016706 President Schlissel most recently served
0kHh-1bfs7u-00050-00016706-00016910 as provost of Brown University.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00051-00016910-00017183 He's the first physician to lead our university.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00052-00017183-00017373 His academic research is contributed
0kHh-1bfs7u-00053-00017373-00017730 to a detailed understanding of the genetic factors involved
0kHh-1bfs7u-00054-00017730-00017937 in producing antibodies and how mistakes
0kHh-1bfs7u-00055-00017937-00018321 in that process can lead to leukemia and lymphoma.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00056-00018321-00018671 President Schlissel earned his AB in Biochemical Sciences
0kHh-1bfs7u-00057-00018671-00018945 from Princeton and went on to Johns Hopkins University
0kHh-1bfs7u-00058-00018945-00019132 in medicine, earning both an MD and a PhD.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00059-00019132-00019562 Ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming University
0kHh-1bfs7u-00060-00019562-00019849 of Michigan's 14th President, Mark Schlissel.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00061-00019849-00020757 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00062-00020870-00021010 >> Mark Schlissel: Good afternoon, everybody!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00063-00021010-00021224 Thanks very much, Dean Collins, for that very kind introduction
0kHh-1bfs7u-00064-00021224-00021498 and for your outstanding leadership over the past decade
0kHh-1bfs7u-00065-00021498-00021698 of the Ford School of Public Policy.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00066-00021698-00022115 I'd like to thank the symposium organizing committee, as well,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00067-00022115-00022472 and also acknowledge the role of my friend, Bankole Thompson,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00068-00022472-00022729 in helping us organize today's session.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00069-00022729-00023076 Everyone at the Ford School, as well, who's helped our community
0kHh-1bfs7u-00070-00023076-00023239 in their efforts over the past week,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00071-00023239-00023546 or the whole election season, to understand the impact
0kHh-1bfs7u-00072-00023546-00023756 of this year's election.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00073-00023756-00024177 Today, we recognize a distinguished, national leader.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00074-00024177-00024734 And we honor a legacy that spans more than half a century.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00075-00024734-00025128 The Reverend Jesse Jackson Sr. has led the way in the struggle
0kHh-1bfs7u-00076-00025128-00025598 for freedom, voting rights, equality, and peace,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00077-00025598-00026092 here in the cities and towns of the United States, and abroad.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00078-00026092-00026382 We should all take note that his first experience
0kHh-1bfs7u-00079-00026382-00026756 as a social activist was as a student.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00080-00026756-00027040 In the summer of 1960, in his hometown of Greenville,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00081-00027040-00027433 South Carolina, Reverend Jackson refused to be turned away
0kHh-1bfs7u-00082-00027433-00027760 from the segregated local public library.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00083-00027760-00028011 He's been at the forefront of the struggle
0kHh-1bfs7u-00084-00028011-00028304 for civil rights ever since.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00085-00028304-00028495 During the mid 1960's, he worked
0kHh-1bfs7u-00086-00028495-00028751 with the Revered Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00087-00028751-00029322 and helped secure the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00088-00029322-00029766 He ran for president in 1984 and 1988,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00089-00029766-00030099 building unprecedented coalitions of voters
0kHh-1bfs7u-00090-00030099-00030316 and inspiring millions.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00091-00030316-00030563 And as recently as last week,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00092-00030563-00030850 Reverend Jackson was traveling throughout our nation,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00093-00030850-00031170 working to get out the vote, meeting people
0kHh-1bfs7u-00094-00031170-00031504 in our communities, and battling new challenges
0kHh-1bfs7u-00095-00031504-00031855 to the Voting Rights Act that he had helped to enact.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00096-00031855-00032068 For his numerous accomplishments,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00097-00032068-00032388 Reverend Jackson was awarded the Presidential Medal
0kHh-1bfs7u-00098-00032388-00032635 of Freedom in 2000.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00099-00032635-00032872 It's our nation's highest civilian honor.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00100-00032872-00033289 The University of Michigan community is also very proud
0kHh-1bfs7u-00101-00033289-00033580 to count Reverend Jackson as an alumnus!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00102-00033580-00033903 He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters
0kHh-1bfs7u-00103-00033903-00034250 from our university in 1979.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00104-00034250-00034981 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00105-00034981-00035321 But like many of our graduates, he didn't receive his degree
0kHh-1bfs7u-00106-00035321-00035535 and leave Ann Arbor forever,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00107-00035535-00035785 Reverend Jackson came back to campus.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00108-00035785-00036099 He came back in 1987 to meet with activists
0kHh-1bfs7u-00109-00036099-00036432 in the BAM III Movement, and the University Coalition
0kHh-1bfs7u-00110-00036432-00036623 Against Racism.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00111-00036623-00036960 He also came back to campus in 2000 and spoke
0kHh-1bfs7u-00112-00036960-00037193 in our Law [inaudible] in support of students
0kHh-1bfs7u-00113-00037193-00037554 who had organized to defend affirmative action.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00114-00037554-00037981 These were momentous times in our university's history,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00115-00037981-00038434 events whose impact reverberates to this very day.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00116-00038434-00038798 They were part of our nearly 200-year history,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00117-00038798-00039159 and they inform the strategic plan we rolled out last month
0kHh-1bfs7u-00118-00039159-00039382 to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion
0kHh-1bfs7u-00119-00039382-00039562 at the University of Michigan.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00120-00039562-00039863 And now, he's back today.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00121-00039863-00040126 We all know there's much more work to do.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00122-00040126-00040480 During the run-up to the election, and the days since,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00123-00040480-00040720 we've seen attacks that single out individuals
0kHh-1bfs7u-00124-00040720-00041044 and groups based on their identities.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00125-00041044-00041461 We can't forget how this makes our students feel.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00126-00041461-00041818 But we've also seen demonstrations espousing peace,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00127-00041818-00042075 inclusion, and tolerance.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00128-00042075-00042328 We've heard from many in our community about the need
0kHh-1bfs7u-00129-00042328-00042769 to make room for voices all across the ideological spectrum,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00130-00042769-00043219 and for all to speak out against hate and discrimination.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00131-00043219-00043409 This afternoon, in fact, students, again,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00132-00043409-00043800 gathered on our Diag to make their voices heard.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00133-00043800-00044090 Before I invite our guest of honor to the stage,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00134-00044090-00044327 I want to share a few words from his University
0kHh-1bfs7u-00135-00044327-00044694 of Michigan Commencement Address in 1979.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00136-00044694-00045031 He said, we no longer have the luxury,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00137-00045031-00045428 nor can we afford racial polarization
0kHh-1bfs7u-00138-00045428-00045829 on various aberrations and expressions of petty apartheid.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00139-00045829-00046366 A multiracial education must be our personal, local,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00140-00046366-00046769 and national goal, for we must develop the capacity to live
0kHh-1bfs7u-00141-00046769-00047157 with each other and not apart from each other.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00142-00047157-00047460 The title of Reverend Jackson's address today is,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00143-00047460-00047774 What's Next For Us: Hope and Reflection.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00144-00047774-00048077 Please help me welcome civil rights leader,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00145-00048077-00048311 former student activist, Founder and President
0kHh-1bfs7u-00146-00048311-00048648 of the Rainbow Push Coalition, and inspiration to all
0kHh-1bfs7u-00147-00048648-00048885 who strive for peace and social justice,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00148-00048885-00049045 the Reverend Jesse Jackson.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00149-00049045-00049953 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00150-00052836-00052929 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Today I want
0kHh-1bfs7u-00151-00052929-00053269 to thank President Mark Schlissel
0kHh-1bfs7u-00152-00053269-00053456 and Dean Susan M. Collins
0kHh-1bfs7u-00153-00053456-00053917 of the Gerald Ford Public Policy Center, the faculty and students
0kHh-1bfs7u-00154-00053917-00054060 and beneficiaries of the University
0kHh-1bfs7u-00155-00054060-00054324 of Michigan around the world.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00156-00054324-00054557 [Inaudible] of the university has made its commitment
0kHh-1bfs7u-00157-00054557-00055054 to the America that is and accepted the call.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00158-00055054-00055375 The mission and responsibility [inaudible]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00159-00055375-00055949 in building the nation that we must become.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00160-00055949-00056242 We're a nation that has come from the pit of 246 years
0kHh-1bfs7u-00161-00056242-00056749 of slavery, which began 157 years before the birth
0kHh-1bfs7u-00162-00056749-00057216 of the nation, in 1776.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00163-00057216-00057657 The genocide of Native Americans, legal segregation
0kHh-1bfs7u-00164-00057657-00058308 of Jim Crow in 1880 to 1954, over 5,000 lynchings
0kHh-1bfs7u-00165-00058308-00058478 without one indictment.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00166-00058478-00058895 This foundation of our nation is this immoral sins
0kHh-1bfs7u-00167-00058895-00059192 of which we have not sought forgiveness nor redemption.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00168-00059192-00059686 And the idea of making America great again reopens the wounds
0kHh-1bfs7u-00169-00059686-00060096 in America's immoral foundation, born in sin
0kHh-1bfs7u-00170-00060096-00060406 and shaped in inequity.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00171-00060406-00060814 This school has consistently sought to step in the breach,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00172-00060814-00061090 to bring healing to the body of politic.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00173-00061090-00061517 We need not for a moment underestimate the damage done
0kHh-1bfs7u-00174-00061517-00062108 to our country and the soul of America in the last few days,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00175-00062108-00062625 it's our nation and our soul that must be healed.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00176-00062625-00062852 What are we confronted with?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00177-00062852-00063236 There is a tug of war for the soul of America.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00178-00063236-00063403 Dr. King and [inaudible] mission was
0kHh-1bfs7u-00179-00063403-00063656 to redeem the soul of America.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00180-00063656-00063987 And at the base of our nation is an identity crisis.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00181-00063987-00064687 Do we want to be an aristocracy or a democracy?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00182-00064687-00065058 Multiculturalism or race supremacy?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00183-00065058-00065658 An aristocracy of the few or a democracy for the many?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00184-00065658-00065899 We will be one person, one vote democracy,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00185-00065899-00066269 are ruled by electoral overseers.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00186-00066269-00066396 President Abraham Lincoln said,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00187-00066396-00066810 our nation cannot survive half-slave and half-free.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00188-00066810-00066973 A house divided [phonetic] against itself cannot stand.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00189-00066973-00067287 There's been an analyses
0kHh-1bfs7u-00190-00067287-00067664 as to why Secretary Hillary Clinton lost her presidency a
0kHh-1bfs7u-00191-00067664-00067874 few days ago.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00192-00067874-00068111 Much of its valid, but from my perspective,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00193-00068111-00068388 the pundits have missed the central reason.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00194-00068388-00068922 Due to democratic voter laws and voter suppression.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00195-00068922-00069292 Ari Berman and his brilliant book, Give Us the Ballot,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00196-00069292-00069826 points out that between 2011 and '15, 395 new laws
0kHh-1bfs7u-00197-00069826-00070066 of voter restriction introduced in state legislations
0kHh-1bfs7u-00198-00070066-00070703 in 49 states, many of them became law, voter restriction.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00199-00070703-00070997 The voting rights had been fully and fairly protected,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00200-00070997-00071454 we would be bringing a different discussion today.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00201-00071454-00071578 She won the popular vote.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00202-00071578-00071835 If it were not for voter suppression,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00203-00071835-00072322 she would have won the vote in the electoral college, as well.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00204-00072322-00072722 New voting laws, since June 25, 2013,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00205-00072722-00072976 it wiped out 868 polling places,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00206-00072976-00073339 that includes removing polling places from campuses
0kHh-1bfs7u-00207-00073339-00073656 and other familiar places.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00208-00073656-00073927 There's nothing more fundamental in this whole discussion
0kHh-1bfs7u-00209-00073927-00074324 than voter denial access.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00210-00074324-00074711 Our nation speaks meritocracy, but hard work, effort,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00211-00074711-00075208 and excellence cannot match or compete with inheritance,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00212-00075208-00075518 access, and racial favor.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00213-00075518-00076102 Our struggles have made us free across the years, but not equal.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00214-00076102-00076382 We need to make some moral and legal choices.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00215-00076382-00076643 Shall we be a nation with people who do the crime,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00216-00076643-00077006 including those running multinational corporations,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00217-00077006-00077330 [inaudible] Wall Street do the time?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00218-00077330-00077610 We've become the double standard of only punishing people
0kHh-1bfs7u-00219-00077610-00077800 of color and the poor.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00220-00077800-00078384 Do we have the nerve to free and pardon those who did their time
0kHh-1bfs7u-00221-00078384-00078815 for the crime and offer them a clean slate and a new start?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00222-00078815-00079169 President Lincoln pardoned Jefferson Davis
0kHh-1bfs7u-00223-00079169-00079536 and other confederates who engaged in treason
0kHh-1bfs7u-00224-00079536-00079943 against the United States of America in an effort to bind up
0kHh-1bfs7u-00225-00079943-00080410 and heal the wounds after the Civil War.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00226-00080410-00080607 President Ford did the same thing with respect
0kHh-1bfs7u-00227-00080607-00080767 to Richard Nixon after Watergate,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00228-00080767-00081067 even though he had violated, dishonored,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00229-00081067-00081371 and debased the Constitution, while it was clear
0kHh-1bfs7u-00230-00081371-00081588 that he would have been impeached and convicted
0kHh-1bfs7u-00231-00081588-00081838 and driven from office, legally and technically,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00232-00081838-00082065 he was never indicted.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00233-00082065-00082335 Tried, not convicted of anything.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00234-00082335-00082482 Unique to Ford and Nixon was
0kHh-1bfs7u-00235-00082482-00082729 that Nixon was never officially accused [inaudible]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00236-00082729-00083009 to even [inaudible] the pardon.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00237-00083009-00083219 President Ford was simply determined
0kHh-1bfs7u-00238-00083219-00083419 to stop the potential harm,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00239-00083419-00083626 was framed to [inaudible] and heal the wound.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00240-00083626-00083940 There are those [inaudible] spirit of retribution who want
0kHh-1bfs7u-00241-00083940-00084177 to use Hillary Clinton as a trophy
0kHh-1bfs7u-00242-00084177-00084414 in the name of false justice.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00243-00084414-00084841 It would be wise in the name of [inaudible] of Lincoln and Ford
0kHh-1bfs7u-00244-00084841-00085061 for President Obama to do the same
0kHh-1bfs7u-00245-00085061-00085361 and to pardon Hillary Clinton.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00246-00086005-00086236 President-elect Trump [inaudible] promised
0kHh-1bfs7u-00247-00086236-00086596 to appoint a special prosecutor to investigate Secretary Clinton
0kHh-1bfs7u-00248-00086596-00086816 and tried to put her in prison.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00249-00086816-00087183 Even though Secretary Clinton has not been legally accused,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00250-00087183-00087534 indicted, tried, or convicted of anything.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00251-00087534-00087797 President Obama should follow President Ford's example
0kHh-1bfs7u-00252-00087797-00088164 and offer a [inaudible] pardon and inoculation
0kHh-1bfs7u-00253-00088164-00088411 against [inaudible] prosecution in the spirit
0kHh-1bfs7u-00254-00088411-00088691 of healing the divisions in our country.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00255-00088691-00089035 To do otherwise will only exacerbate divisions
0kHh-1bfs7u-00256-00089035-00089205 and harden feelings on both sides.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00257-00089205-00089496 It would be a monumental moral and political mistake
0kHh-1bfs7u-00258-00089496-00089883 to pursue the prosecution of Hillary Clinton.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00259-00089883-00090019 Such a mean-spirited action
0kHh-1bfs7u-00260-00090019-00090293 against her would unleash a [inaudible] in the nation
0kHh-1bfs7u-00261-00090293-00090723 and would damage our government.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00262-00090723-00090927 There's still tremendous tension in our country
0kHh-1bfs7u-00263-00090927-00091144 because of unfinished business.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00264-00091144-00091381 There's something in the current political turmoil
0kHh-1bfs7u-00265-00091381-00091601 of street protests.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00266-00091601-00091991 The popular vote will have more than 2 million vote lead
0kHh-1bfs7u-00267-00091991-00092131 for a significant [inaudible]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00268-00092131-00092565 in the electoral college, 310 to 228.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00269-00092565-00092936 Over 13 million votes were cast in Pennsylvania,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00270-00092936-00093162 Wisconsin, and Michigan.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00271-00093162-00093439 The three states Hillary Clinton needed to win.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00272-00093439-00093997 But she lost by a cumulative vote of 110,000 in those states.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00273-00093997-00094287 Are we going to have a one-person,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00274-00094287-00094394 one-vote system or not?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00275-00094394-00094737 President Clinton said [inaudible], said,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00276-00094737-00095351 we must go forward by hope and not backwards by fear.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00277-00095351-00095562 Donald Trump said the electoral college was ridiculous
0kHh-1bfs7u-00278-00095562-00095895 until he won and then he said it was a great system,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00279-00095895-00096546 respected smaller states, that is what rigging looks like.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00280-00096546-00097303 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00281-00097303-00097620 What makes it difficult to turn this decision [inaudible] is
0kHh-1bfs7u-00282-00097620-00097974 that the popular vote did not elect Donald Trump.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00283-00097974-00098344 The man who which he ran his campaign on racism
0kHh-1bfs7u-00284-00098344-00098735 and sexism [inaudible], religious bigotry,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00285-00098735-00098925 has unleashed massive hatred, fear,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00286-00098925-00099108 and division in our country.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00287-00099108-00099405 Protesters driven by fear and pain.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00288-00099405-00099776 Fear of mass deportations.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00289-00099776-00100023 Fear of a wall that can be irreputable harm
0kHh-1bfs7u-00290-00100023-00100473 to our southern neighbor, Mexico.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00291-00100473-00100640 Fear with little children crying,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00292-00100640-00101080 terrified that their parents may be deported.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00293-00101080-00101277 Fear of rejecting an American judge
0kHh-1bfs7u-00294-00101277-00101721 because of his Mexican-American heritage.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00295-00101721-00102192 Fear of banning Muslims, fear of limiting trade access,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00296-00102192-00102609 our democracy has been damaged, this room must be a sanctuary
0kHh-1bfs7u-00297-00102609-00102839 for its classmates and his friends.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00298-00102839-00103022 Let Ann Arbor stand up and stand tall,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00299-00103022-00103446 as we seek to heal our nation and make a more perfect evening.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00300-00103446-00103870 This is not just about democrats, it's about democracy.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00301-00103870-00104047 It's not about republicans,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00302-00104047-00104304 it's about the republic and its character.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00303-00104304-00104647 The rule of money, permitted by citizens united, is undemocratic
0kHh-1bfs7u-00304-00104647-00104941 and [inaudible] our democracy.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00305-00104941-00105268 But racism, fear, anger, and economic anxiety [inaudible]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00306-00105268-00105485 and small-town American play the role,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00307-00105485-00105822 many rural communities voted twice for Barack Obama,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00308-00105822-00106336 but voted for Trump in 2016 out of economic desperation.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00309-00106336-00106573 Sexism had an impact.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00310-00106573-00106709 The abandonment of the working class
0kHh-1bfs7u-00311-00106709-00106843 and organized labor played a role.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00312-00106843-00107323 We globalized capital without globalizing human rights
0kHh-1bfs7u-00313-00107323-00107520 and worker's rights and women's rights [applause]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00314-00107520-00107914 and children's rights, LGBTQ rights.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00315-00108037-00108344 The Russians hacking Hillary's and the DNC's emails,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00316-00108344-00108581 exposing them also hurt.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00317-00108581-00108888 The media giving Trump over 2 billion dollars
0kHh-1bfs7u-00318-00108888-00109425 in free advertising, just for entertaining, not emancipating.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00319-00109425-00109662 The announcement of Affordable Healthcare Act's insurance
0kHh-1bfs7u-00320-00109662-00110089 increases just before the election, [inaudible].
0kHh-1bfs7u-00321-00110089-00110490 The FBI intervention in 2016
0kHh-1bfs7u-00322-00110490-00110730 and [inaudible] intervention [inaudible] election impacted
0kHh-1bfs7u-00323-00110730-00110954 the outcome of each election.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00324-00110954-00111581 In 2000 was the Supreme Court, 2016, it was the FBI.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00325-00111581-00111791 Most of these points and the [inaudible] analysis
0kHh-1bfs7u-00326-00111791-00111961 by the partners were made and accepted,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00327-00111961-00112205 but they virtually [inaudible] the suppression
0kHh-1bfs7u-00328-00112205-00112415 of the black vote.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00329-00112415-00112702 Recently, [inaudible] said the republican official
0kHh-1bfs7u-00330-00112702-00112929 in North Carolina boasted a cutbacks
0kHh-1bfs7u-00331-00112929-00113543 in the early voting reduced black turnout by 8.5 percent,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00332-00113543-00114043 increased white turnout by 2.5 percent just by manipulation
0kHh-1bfs7u-00333-00114043-00114277 of the rules in the precincts.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00334-00114277-00114684 The voter suppression affects many groups, Hispanics, Asians,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00335-00114684-00115081 women, workers, young people, seniors, the disabled
0kHh-1bfs7u-00336-00115081-00115548 and whites, but the primary target was African Americans.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00337-00115548-00115775 The right to vote is the most basic right under the democracy,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00338-00115775-00115925 but the black votes is a foundation
0kHh-1bfs7u-00339-00115925-00116339 for democratic [inaudible] and process.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00340-00116339-00116573 We came in [inaudible], we're not the bottom,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00341-00116573-00116703 we're the foundation of our country,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00342-00116703-00117123 when the foundation shakes the whole world trembles.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00343-00117123-00117313 Deny blacks access to the vote
0kHh-1bfs7u-00344-00117313-00117660 and reflect the democratic party in the national vote.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00345-00117660-00118014 The effect is felt on the electoral college.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00346-00118014-00118161 President Barack Obama and others said
0kHh-1bfs7u-00347-00118161-00118471 that we don't have a national voting system,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00348-00118471-00118711 but a state and local system.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00349-00118711-00118952 You can't rig in the American presidential race,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00350-00118952-00119222 but really you can.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00351-00119222-00119455 You don't have to rig the entire system, just three
0kHh-1bfs7u-00352-00119455-00119786 or four states, suppress the black vote.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00353-00119786-00120263 [Inaudible] in Florida, in 2000, win by 537,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00354-00120263-00120633 not counting 27,000 votes in [inaudible] Florida.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00355-00120633-00120944 The state of Florida had the right to stop the count.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00356-00120944-00121391 The black vote [inaudible] 1965 and discounted in 2000
0kHh-1bfs7u-00357-00121391-00121798 and suppressed in 2016, the common denominator of all
0kHh-1bfs7u-00358-00121798-00122195 of this madness is about the demise of the black vote.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00359-00122195-00122485 In 2016, Florida, Georgia,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00360-00122485-00122715 and North Carolina [inaudible] federal appeals court said the
0kHh-1bfs7u-00361-00122715-00123012 state legislature had passed a racial discrimination [phonetic]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00362-00123012-00123566 voting law, targeted blacks with a long, surgical precision.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00363-00123566-00123823 So-called liberal states, like Pennsylvania, New York,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00364-00123823-00124153 and Michigan don't have early voting,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00365-00124153-00124537 which is an institutional form of voter suppression.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00366-00124537-00124928 This [inaudible] 5.8 [inaudible] who served their time in prison
0kHh-1bfs7u-00367-00124928-00125044 for the [inaudible] probation
0kHh-1bfs7u-00368-00125044-00125231 and parole, is voter suppression.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00369-00125231-00125488 It affects black, brown, young,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00370-00125488-00125745 and poor people disproportionately.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00371-00125745-00126022 Most voters would be surprised to learn that new American,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00372-00126022-00126142 I say new American,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00373-00126142-00126606 as an American has the fundamental right to vote.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00374-00126606-00126863 The explicit, fundamental individual right
0kHh-1bfs7u-00375-00126863-00127183 to vote is not in the Constitution.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00376-00127183-00127407 Each of us has a state right to vote,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00377-00127407-00127707 but not a citizenship right to vote.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00378-00127707-00127907 Ironically, after the [inaudible] decision,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00379-00127907-00128081 we have an individual right to [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-00380-00128081-00128461 but not an individual right to vote in the Constitution,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00381-00128461-00128735 you know that's crazy [laughter].
0kHh-1bfs7u-00382-00128735-00128988 The only reason that these states can do what they do
0kHh-1bfs7u-00383-00128988-00129269 [applause], for example, Texas passed a voting law
0kHh-1bfs7u-00384-00129269-00129375 that allows you to use a [inaudible]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00385-00129375-00129609 for ID, but not a student ID.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00386-00129609-00129816 It's because we have a state's right
0kHh-1bfs7u-00387-00129816-00130133 and a local control voting system.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00388-00130133-00130436 We must add a right to vote amendment
0kHh-1bfs7u-00389-00130436-00130617 to the U.S. Constitution.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00390-00130617-00130780 Gives every individual the right to vote
0kHh-1bfs7u-00391-00130780-00131150 and gives Congress the authority to establish an unified,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00392-00131150-00131554 national voting system.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00393-00131554-00132415 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00394-00132415-00132682 Our voting system would be decentralized [phonetic]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00395-00132682-00132946 and operated by state and local jurisdiction,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00396-00132946-00133293 but they would each have to meet the federal standards.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00397-00133293-00133586 A right to vote amendment would set the constitutional framework
0kHh-1bfs7u-00398-00133586-00134077 for Congress to pass laws to early voting everywhere,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00399-00134077-00134437 to modernize and paid to replace old, worn-out machines,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00400-00134437-00134857 [inaudible] automatic voter registration at the age of 18,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00401-00134857-00135215 to allow same-day, on-site voter registration in voting,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00402-00135215-00135628 to allow for non-basic [inaudible] voter education how
0kHh-1bfs7u-00403-00135628-00135812 to use voting machines in our schools,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00404-00135812-00136269 we must democratize democracy and make America better
0kHh-1bfs7u-00405-00136269-00136442 for all of its people.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00406-00136442-00136673 Ironically, Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00407-00136673-00137086 with whom I just talked a few minutes, had joint
0kHh-1bfs7u-00408-00137086-00137327 and legitimate concerns.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00409-00137327-00137614 Workers left behind as a result of technological advances,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00410-00137614-00138094 workers left behind and got the raw end of globalization,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00411-00138094-00138508 victims of stagnant wages and low incomes,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00412-00138508-00138795 who are having trouble or can't pay for their children to go
0kHh-1bfs7u-00413-00138795-00139132 to college, this will be the first generation whose children
0kHh-1bfs7u-00414-00139132-00139459 will have less than their parents had.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00415-00139459-00139846 Both were for change, though in different directions.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00416-00139846-00140023 While the social numerators are different,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00417-00140023-00140300 the economic denominators were the same.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00418-00140300-00140420 Well, Trump and Sanders looked
0kHh-1bfs7u-00419-00140420-00140710 on the dry field [phonetic] of economic pain.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00420-00140710-00141167 Banks will bail out, homeowners discriminated,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00421-00141167-00141304 [inaudible] and [inaudible].
0kHh-1bfs7u-00422-00141304-00141641 No plan for reinvestment in the community's most damaged.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00423-00141641-00141808 On that dry field of desperation,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00424-00141808-00142128 Bernie Sanders put water on trees and flowers
0kHh-1bfs7u-00425-00142128-00142332 of opportunity to grow.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00426-00142332-00142859 Donald Trump poured gasoline on the field and lit a match.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00427-00142859-00143072 Big business, international lobbyists are falling
0kHh-1bfs7u-00428-00143072-00143329 over themselves today trying to get access
0kHh-1bfs7u-00429-00143329-00143990 to the new-drained swamp administration in Washington.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00430-00143990-00144167 Here's how ridiculous things have become.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00431-00144167-00144624 Former senate-majority leader, [inaudible] the New York Times,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00432-00144624-00145048 Trump has plans to change things in Washington,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00433-00145048-00145255 about draining the swamp.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00434-00145255-00145461 He's going to need some people to help guide him
0kHh-1bfs7u-00435-00145461-00145798 through the swamp, how to - you get in, how do you navigate?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00436-00145798-00145952 They're going to help him do that.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00437-00145952-00146169 I bet they are [laughter].
0kHh-1bfs7u-00438-00146169-00146482 The candidate who ran against Washington's corruption
0kHh-1bfs7u-00439-00146482-00146709 and [inaudible] the deal making has now turned
0kHh-1bfs7u-00440-00146709-00147133 to a rogue [inaudible] of corporate insiders, lobbyists,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00441-00147133-00147460 corporate lawyers, staff from corporate think tanks
0kHh-1bfs7u-00442-00147460-00147597 and corporate executives themselves
0kHh-1bfs7u-00443-00147597-00147790 to run the transition team.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00444-00147790-00147994 The price we're going to pay for the invasion of Iraq,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00445-00147994-00148434 expensive price, for madness and wrongness.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00446-00148434-00148825 A system, a war based on live, preemptive strike.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00447-00148825-00149195 Fighting in Afghanistan, being supportive [phonetic] in Syria
0kHh-1bfs7u-00448-00149195-00149475 and approaching 6 trillion dollars,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00449-00149475-00149676 a lot of legitimate anger and fear in the U.S.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00450-00149676-00150073 and around the world raised with economic anxiety.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00451-00150073-00150303 This anti-immigrant phenomenon
0kHh-1bfs7u-00452-00150303-00150496 and growing [inaudible] is sweeping not just the U.S.,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00453-00150496-00150820 but western Europe as well.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00454-00150820-00150967 Be very afraid.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00455-00150967-00151190 The [inaudible] has been set.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00456-00151190-00151354 The KKK has been watching
0kHh-1bfs7u-00457-00151354-00151638 and celebrating while nationalists are on the move.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00458-00151638-00151931 I don't mean be afraid personally, that's a fact
0kHh-1bfs7u-00459-00151931-00152065 and [inaudible] of this climate [phonetic],
0kHh-1bfs7u-00460-00152065-00152375 but be not afraid personally, but fear for your country
0kHh-1bfs7u-00461-00152375-00152785 and the world, he won because of white anger and fear
0kHh-1bfs7u-00462-00152785-00152992 and racial resentment in the content
0kHh-1bfs7u-00463-00152992-00153359 of economically frustrating times for money for many
0kHh-1bfs7u-00464-00153359-00153646 who are not used to being economically distressed,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00465-00153646-00153830 but blacks have been distressed for a long time.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00466-00153830-00154100 [Inaudible] going to have to march around with flags
0kHh-1bfs7u-00467-00154100-00154294 in the streets, intimidating and threatening people.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00468-00154294-00154817 And having an extreme right-wing Congress and governors,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00469-00154817-00155048 offices, around the nation.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00470-00155048-00155194 Wall Street is now setting records now
0kHh-1bfs7u-00471-00155194-00155345 because they expect the handcuffs
0kHh-1bfs7u-00472-00155345-00155868 to be taken off Dodd Frank, consumer protection agency,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00473-00155868-00156109 the regulation generally on business.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00474-00156109-00156439 It's possible he could destroy the U.S. and the rural economics
0kHh-1bfs7u-00475-00156439-00156746 and take the entire rural over the economic cliff.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00476-00156746-00157023 Our environment could be irreparably damaged
0kHh-1bfs7u-00477-00157023-00157493 with his unleashing of the foolish fossil fuel industry.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00478-00157493-00157860 Sustained, massive, non-violent resistance to Trump is needed,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00479-00157860-00158284 hopefully without violence and repression.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00480-00158284-00158611 Dr. King said in his question, where do we go from here?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00481-00158611-00158805 What steps should we take?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00482-00158805-00159075 How do we keep hope and resistance alive?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00483-00159075-00159492 First, we must maintain hope.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00484-00159492-00159822 Students, don't let them break your spirit.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00485-00159822-00160013 Another naive hope, because we cannot come
0kHh-1bfs7u-00486-00160013-00160410 out of a deep hole we in with a naive or false hope.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00487-00160410-00160757 Deep water does not drown you,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00488-00160757-00161224 you drown because you start kicking.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00489-00161224-00161484 Because you surrender, because you give up, because you do less
0kHh-1bfs7u-00490-00161484-00161658 than your best, and no one has earned the right
0kHh-1bfs7u-00491-00161658-00161898 to do less than their best.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00492-00161898-00162231 You must have a hope that's strategic,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00493-00162231-00162629 [inaudible] has both a sharp and a long range plan.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00494-00162629-00162929 Must pull up with a rope of hope and not dig deep into a hole
0kHh-1bfs7u-00495-00162929-00163369 of fear, a rope of hope not a shovel of fear.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00496-00163369-00163610 Faith is a substance of things hoped for,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00497-00163610-00163830 and the [inaudible] of things not seen.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00498-00163830-00164347 The substance of the protected right to vote.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00499-00164347-00164697 Automatic registration at age 18.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00500-00164697-00164991 The [inaudible] of early voting in every state.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00501-00164991-00165218 The substance of a constitutional right to vote
0kHh-1bfs7u-00502-00165218-00165485 as opposed to state's rights.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00503-00165485-00165635 The substance of pay equity for women.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00504-00165635-00166162 Of affordable and desegregated education.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00505-00166162-00166382 Student loan debt, credit card debt, give it up,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00506-00166382-00166689 let's make education accessible and affordable for all
0kHh-1bfs7u-00507-00166689-00166849 of American's children.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00508-00166849-00167577 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00509-00167577-00167924 The substance of sensitivity to the predicament of immigrants
0kHh-1bfs7u-00510-00167924-00168274 and Muslims, of reinvestment in our cities,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00511-00168274-00168578 of policies around guns and drugs in and jobs out.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00512-00168578-00168781 A White House conference on violence,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00513-00168781-00169309 causing cures [phonetic], racial and gender disparity,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00514-00169309-00169552 the impact of poverty on our lives.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00515-00169552-00169919 Second, we must turn protest into political organizing.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00516-00169919-00170229 Use protest to dramatize and educate.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00517-00170229-00170523 Use politics to register and vote in record numbers,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00518-00170523-00170740 and to change unfair and regressive laws.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00519-00170740-00171127 We must organize and fight to have the right to vote amendment
0kHh-1bfs7u-00520-00171127-00171331 to the U.S. Constitution,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00521-00171331-00171578 forcing us to keep a positive vision of the kind
0kHh-1bfs7u-00522-00171578-00171894 of country we want before the American people.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00523-00171894-00172308 [Inaudible] students must keep marching.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00524-00172308-00172689 The trajectory of youth must look into the future,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00525-00172689-00173162 you are not our future, you are right now.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00526-00173162-00173313 Stand tall right now.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00527-00173313-00173693 [Applause] Fight xenophobia right now.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00528-00173693-00174130 Fight racism right now.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00529-00174130-00174340 Fight sexism right now!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00530-00174340-00174744 End war right now!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00531-00174744-00175598 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00532-00175598-00175845 [Inaudible] for some time,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00533-00175845-00176162 we'll walk until the winding road finds an end.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00534-00176162-00176322 Let nothing break your spirit.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00535-00176322-00176629 It gets dark, but surely the morning cometh
0kHh-1bfs7u-00536-00176629-00176886 in the dark, limits must flee.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00537-00176886-00177283 Have a commitment to healing, to building, to heal the breach.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00538-00177283-00177580 If you plant two seeds in the ground of equal strength,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00539-00177580-00177884 and you grow a wall between them, one will be tall
0kHh-1bfs7u-00540-00177884-00178237 and multiples of fruit, one will be short and stunted.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00541-00178237-00178578 The taller is not better, the small one is not lesser,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00542-00178578-00178775 it's the one that had access to sunshine,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00543-00178775-00178938 something called photosynthesis, grew.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00544-00178938-00179265 When the walls come down, we can all grow together,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00545-00179265-00179429 and this land is our land [applause],
0kHh-1bfs7u-00546-00179429-00179649 this nation is our nation.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00547-00179649-00180556 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00548-00180790-00181154 Learn to live with classmates of different ethnic groups
0kHh-1bfs7u-00549-00181154-00181577 and religions, we are an ethnic, a diverse nation.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00550-00181577-00181981 A multicultural nation [inaudible].
0kHh-1bfs7u-00551-00181981-00182515 We've survived apart and must learn to live together.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00552-00182515-00183079 Living together across lines of race and gender and religion,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00553-00183079-00183263 the forward by hope, not backwards
0kHh-1bfs7u-00554-00183263-00183616 by fear must characterize our [inaudible] of efforts.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00555-00183616-00183716 The Bible puts it most [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-00556-00183716-00184080 says it's - it's healing time.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00557-00184080-00184250 It's hope time.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00558-00184250-00184390 It's mercy time.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00559-00184390-00184794 And if my people will call by my name and [inaudible] themselves
0kHh-1bfs7u-00560-00184794-00185602 and pray, and seek my face, and turn from the wicked ways,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00561-00185602-00185768 they'll hear from heaven,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00562-00185768-00186092 I will forgive their sins and heal their land.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00563-00186092-00186419 U of M, keep hope alive, this land is our land.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00564-00186419-00186549 Thank you very much!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00565-00186549-00187457 [ Cheering & Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00566-00189939-00190106 >> Bankole Thompson: Alright, good evening!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00567-00190106-00190270 I'm Bankole Thompson.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00568-00190270-00190597 Let me begin by thanking the leadership of this university,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00569-00190597-00190827 Susan Collins, the Dean of the Ford School,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00570-00190827-00191120 [inaudible] for this, John [inaudible], the Chairman
0kHh-1bfs7u-00571-00191120-00191574 of Rainbow Push, [inaudible], and, of course, my friend,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00572-00191574-00191868 Dr. Mark Schlissel, the 14th President of the University
0kHh-1bfs7u-00573-00191868-00192175 of Michigan for the leadership that the University
0kHh-1bfs7u-00574-00192175-00192298 of Michigan has provided.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00575-00192298-00192552 There is no other university right now in the nation,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00576-00192552-00192932 I think, that has been forefront with this kind of conversation
0kHh-1bfs7u-00577-00192932-00193289 around diversity, equity, and inclusion, so I think this is
0kHh-1bfs7u-00578-00193289-00193656 so significant that we're here, historically, at the University
0kHh-1bfs7u-00579-00193656-00194007 of Michigan where Kennedy unveiled the peace corp
0kHh-1bfs7u-00580-00194007-00194193 and several presidents
0kHh-1bfs7u-00581-00194193-00194394 in the past have appeared before this university
0kHh-1bfs7u-00582-00194394-00194644 to unveil issues around public policy.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00583-00194644-00194921 So we're here again with the Reverend Jesse Jackson.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00584-00194921-00195088 Before we begin, I want to thank my wife,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00585-00195088-00195355 who's always my support here,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00586-00195355-00195652 I think to need fulfill [inaudible], Dana Thompson.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00587-00195652-00196352 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00588-00196352-00196653 [ Inaudible Comment ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00589-00196653-00197053 [ Laughter & Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00590-00197053-00197961 [ Cheering & Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00591-00198081-00198251 Go blue! [Laughter] Alright, Dana is a professor
0kHh-1bfs7u-00592-00198251-00198508 at the University of Michigan Law School.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00593-00198508-00198695 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: I have a grandson who's a freshman at U
0kHh-1bfs7u-00594-00198695-00198978 of M, and because he's in the university,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00595-00198978-00199255 he's in the engineering school, he's too busy
0kHh-1bfs7u-00596-00199255-00199562 to hear his granddad speak [laughter].
0kHh-1bfs7u-00597-00199562-00199949 He's not playing football, he's designing football fields.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00598-00199949-00200623 [ Cheering & Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00599-00200623-00200957 >> Bankole Thompson: So, we have music and concert coming
0kHh-1bfs7u-00600-00200957-00201331 up to really serenade Reverend Jackson, but before then,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00601-00201331-00201497 there are lots of questions.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00602-00201497-00201698 I've been getting a lot of emails this afternoon
0kHh-1bfs7u-00603-00201698-00202148 from students who actually are interested in hearing from you,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00604-00202148-00202378 Reverend, about where we are as a nation.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00605-00202378-00202585 One of the questions says,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00606-00202585-00203096 is the Trump election the white uprising of 2016?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00607-00203096-00203426 How can we change the systemic mechanisms
0kHh-1bfs7u-00608-00203426-00203646 that benefit white people in America?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00609-00203646-00203950 Can it be done?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00610-00203950-00204077 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: We've been here before.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00611-00204077-00204958 You know, in 1861, the choice was slavery or freedom,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00612-00205084-00205261 [inaudible] succession, [inaudible] human and freedom.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00613-00205261-00205531 We passed that test.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00614-00205531-00206025 1964, the choice was [inaudible] order, arguing the case
0kHh-1bfs7u-00615-00206025-00206349 for statehood segregation.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00616-00206349-00206552 And Johnson for a new, inclusive for America.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00617-00206552-00206903 We won that test.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00618-00206903-00207330 We didn't win the test last Tuesday, but it is not over.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00619-00207330-00207914 [Inaudible] because with a 2 million popular people vote,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00620-00207914-00208187 the people spoke louder than those who [inaudible].
0kHh-1bfs7u-00621-00208187-00208755 We must not give up hope.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00622-00208755-00208888 [Inaudible] it's cloudy,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00623-00208888-00209282 but it does mean the sun's not shining beyond the clouds.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00624-00209282-00209622 Don't surrender your spirit.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00625-00209622-00209872 [Applause] Don't turn on your neighbors.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00626-00210303-00210723 It is wrong to ban Muslims.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00627-00210723-00210947 It is...
0kHh-1bfs7u-00628-00210947-00211474 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00629-00211474-00211844 It is wrong to glorify tearing down walls in Germany
0kHh-1bfs7u-00630-00211844-00212011 and building walls between us and Mexico.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00631-00212011-00212148 It is wrong.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00632-00212148-00212662 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00633-00212662-00212885 It is wrong for men to try to control women's bodies
0kHh-1bfs7u-00634-00212885-00213042 and deny women the right of [inaudible].
0kHh-1bfs7u-00635-00213042-00213349 [Applause] It is wrong.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00636-00213349-00213840 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00637-00213840-00214083 It is wrong to [inaudible] LGBTQ
0kHh-1bfs7u-00638-00214083-00214450 to violate their person, it is wrong.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00639-00214450-00214961 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00640-00214961-00215388 It's better we fight the right fight and lose, temporarily,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00641-00215388-00215541 than fight the wrong fight and win.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00642-00215541-00215752 Let's keep fighting the right fight.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00643-00215752-00216352 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00644-00216352-00216656 >> Bankole Thompson: I'm curious to know what your reaction was
0kHh-1bfs7u-00645-00216656-00217010 on the night of the election,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00646-00217010-00217203 because this was not only a national event,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00647-00217203-00217317 but a global event.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00648-00217317-00217510 The world was watching what was going to happen
0kHh-1bfs7u-00649-00217510-00217784 in the United States, what was your reaction.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00650-00217784-00218061 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: I was disappointed [laughter].
0kHh-1bfs7u-00651-00218061-00218705 But champions play with pain.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00652-00218705-00218998 You fall down, you get up again.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00653-00218998-00219182 Because the ground is no place for champions,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00654-00219182-00219432 you have to play even with the pain,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00655-00219432-00219806 and seek to understand what you're looking at.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00656-00219806-00220233 The fact that there is legitimate economic anxiety
0kHh-1bfs7u-00657-00220233-00220580 and pain at the base, we globalize to capital,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00658-00220580-00221090 but not human rights, not international law,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00659-00221090-00221531 not women's rights, not children's rights.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00660-00221531-00221851 If we're playing a basketball game in China,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00661-00221851-00222065 we can live with the outcome.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00662-00222065-00222502 If we were playing a trade game with China,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00663-00222502-00222639 we can't live with the outcome.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00664-00222639-00223066 On the athletic side, why we accept the outcome, [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-00665-00223066-00223676 and the rules are public and the goals are clear,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00666-00223676-00223990 the referee is fair and the score is transparent.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00667-00223990-00224170 That's not true on the trade side.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00668-00224170-00224477 So, fair trade is the answer, not isolation,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00669-00224477-00224777 we must learn fair trade is the answer.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00670-00224777-00224988 We cannot [inaudible] isolation,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00671-00224988-00225224 we are one-third of the hemisphere.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00672-00225224-00225405 Two-thirds of our neighbors speak Spanish,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00673-00225405-00225742 English is a [inaudible] language in this hemisphere.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00674-00225742-00225975 We need bridges, not walls.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00675-00225975-00226249 We are a great nation [applause] because we reach out.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00676-00226249-00226673 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00677-00226673-00227023 When we live above international law and human rights
0kHh-1bfs7u-00678-00227023-00227453 and self-determination and economic justice, we declare -
0kHh-1bfs7u-00679-00227453-00227971 we declare preemptive wars and pay no price for it.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00680-00227971-00228324 We must live with and in the world, not above it.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00681-00228324-00228448 [Inaudible] precedes the fall.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00682-00228448-00228635 >> Bankole Thompson: The United States is the
0kHh-1bfs7u-00683-00228635-00228838 leading superpower.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00684-00228838-00229245 Looking at what happened Tuesday night, you get to travel
0kHh-1bfs7u-00685-00229245-00229379 around the world a lot,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00686-00229379-00229759 I'm curious how you think other nations, because the U.S.,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00687-00229759-00229969 for a long time, has ascribed itself as sort
0kHh-1bfs7u-00688-00229969-00230223 of a moral authority, to call out nations
0kHh-1bfs7u-00689-00230223-00230603 that supposedly are violating human rights, or may not be,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00690-00230603-00230923 you know, really on the up and up.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00691-00230923-00231157 Even the state department keeps a list of nations
0kHh-1bfs7u-00692-00231157-00231461 that it claims have human rights violations, Nelson Mandela
0kHh-1bfs7u-00693-00231461-00231684 under Bush was listed as a terrorist,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00694-00231684-00231844 you know, until it was removed.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00695-00231844-00232308 I'm curious now, how do you think other nations, like Egypt
0kHh-1bfs7u-00696-00232308-00232622 and others, would not view the United States, looking at,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00697-00232622-00233032 you know, the - the political system here today?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00698-00233032-00233149 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: [Pause] Much
0kHh-1bfs7u-00699-00233282-00233850 of our moral authority is our own self-described label.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00700-00233850-00234671 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00701-00234671-00234937 Someone said to me the other day,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00702-00234937-00235321 that we're [inaudible] for 240 years.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00703-00235321-00235581 That counts as 1776.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00704-00235581-00235925 African [inaudible] here in 1690,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00705-00235925-00236469 we were here 157 years before 1776.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00706-00236469-00236679 Didn't we matter as we worked without wages?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00707-00236679-00237069 We went from no rights to three-fifths of a human being.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00708-00237069-00237367 It was after Jim Crow, from that to segregation.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00709-00237367-00237660 We are - we have, before us, the challenge
0kHh-1bfs7u-00710-00237660-00237847 of becoming a moral authority.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00711-00237847-00238291 And now we find ourselves growing increasingly arrogant.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00712-00238291-00238758 There's strength in humility and not in arrogance.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00713-00238758-00238858 In love, not in hate.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00714-00238858-00239392 If your neighbor's house is on fire.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00715-00239392-00239612 You say, I'm looking at the ballgame, I hear a siren,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00716-00239612-00239972 my neighbor's house is on fire, well [inaudible] on fire
0kHh-1bfs7u-00717-00239972-00240383 because he drinks and smokes and sniffs pot and all kind
0kHh-1bfs7u-00718-00240383-00240640 of drugs, and he went to sleep with a cigarette burning
0kHh-1bfs7u-00719-00240640-00240847 and set is his house on fire, he has a problem!
0kHh-1bfs7u-00720-00240847-00241120 He does have a problem, but the wind blows
0kHh-1bfs7u-00721-00241120-00241351 and you live next door.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00722-00241351-00241948 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00723-00241948-00242161 So none of us are safe unless all of us are safe.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00724-00242161-00242275 We are each other's keeper.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00725-00242275-00242552 In a world where...
0kHh-1bfs7u-00726-00242552-00242915 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00727-00242915-00243182 If we were all on a plane, in New York,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00728-00243182-00243636 one going to a synagogue and one going to L.A.,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00729-00243636-00243946 we'd get there about the same time.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00730-00243946-00244203 Science has dwarfed distance
0kHh-1bfs7u-00731-00244203-00244520 and technology has distanced - has shortened time.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00732-00244520-00244881 There are no more foreigners in this world.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00733-00244881-00245081 Everybody sees what everybody [inaudible] real time,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00734-00245081-00245425 and so learning to live together is a moral challenge.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00735-00245425-00245618 I hope that we're up to that task.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00736-00245618-00246052 And I want this university to remain a moral sanctuary
0kHh-1bfs7u-00737-00246052-00246426 for caring for people, care for all your classmates,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00738-00246426-00246746 care for all of your professors and all your faculty members,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00739-00246746-00247053 we all matter at U of M. Set the pace for the nation.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00740-00247053-00247450 We're number one, not just because we play Ohio, but...
0kHh-1bfs7u-00741-00247450-00248358 [ Laughter ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00742-00248474-00249095 Be number one when you play Ohio State.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00743-00249095-00249208 [Laughter]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00744-00249208-00249342 >> Bankole Thompson: So, you know, I was looking
0kHh-1bfs7u-00745-00249342-00249552 at the images across the nation, the protests in New York,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00746-00249552-00249986 in Chicago, across the land, normally those images come to us
0kHh-1bfs7u-00747-00249986-00250249 from the television screens around the world,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00748-00250249-00250663 when nations do not accept the legitimacy of their governments,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00749-00250663-00251047 they take to the streets to protest, basically,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00750-00251047-00251247 [inaudible] discontent about the president,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00751-00251247-00251547 about the leaders themselves, but, for the first time,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00752-00251547-00251781 perhaps, in recent memory, recent history, we're seeing
0kHh-1bfs7u-00753-00251781-00252115 in the United States, massive protests, thousands of people
0kHh-1bfs7u-00754-00252115-00252442 across the nation [inaudible] legitimate discontent.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00755-00252442-00252612 What do you make of that, and what does that say
0kHh-1bfs7u-00756-00252612-00252682 about the U.S. [inaudible]?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00757-00252682-00252822 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson:
0kHh-1bfs7u-00758-00252822-00253182 I met with some Mexican children the other day crying for fear
0kHh-1bfs7u-00759-00253182-00253476 of their parents being deported.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00760-00253476-00253790 There was some young Muslim girls who were upset
0kHh-1bfs7u-00761-00253790-00254133 because the hijab had been snatched from their heads.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00762-00254133-00254344 And if that happens to any one of your classmates,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00763-00254344-00254717 embrace them, you must be your own private sanctuary
0kHh-1bfs7u-00764-00254717-00255058 for your classmate, your friend, your neighbor,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00765-00255058-00255164 we cannot [inaudible].
0kHh-1bfs7u-00766-00255164-00255511 To be silent is to betray our conscious.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00767-00255511-00255648 We must not be silent in the face
0kHh-1bfs7u-00768-00255648-00255952 of these violations of human rights.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00769-00255952-00256599 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00770-00256599-00256919 There's a tug-of-war for the soul of America.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00771-00256919-00257383 Shall we be aristocracy for the few, and then make a lot
0kHh-1bfs7u-00772-00257383-00257660 of money and pay no taxes?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00773-00257660-00257940 Or shall we be a democracy for the many?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00774-00257940-00258341 Shall there be one person, one vote, or should we assume
0kHh-1bfs7u-00775-00258341-00258551 that one corporation, one person,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00776-00258551-00258698 which is so absurd and vulgar?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00777-00258698-00258788 Who are we?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00778-00258788-00259032 We have an identity crisis.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00779-00259032-00259422 We must be that land that we talk about, [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-00780-00259422-00259756 your poor, your hungry, [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-00781-00259756-00260383 what makes us great is embrace those who yearn for freedom,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00782-00260383-00260620 who yearn for dignity.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00783-00260620-00260903 As universities like this, students on this campus
0kHh-1bfs7u-00784-00260903-00261257 who fear being [inaudible] and deporting after next semester,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00785-00261257-00261547 we must put - take a strong stand
0kHh-1bfs7u-00786-00261547-00261728 against having our classmates deported.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00787-00261728-00262051 We must be each other's sanctuary.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00788-00262051-00262648 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00789-00262648-00262812 >> Bankole Thompson: I know you just spoke
0kHh-1bfs7u-00790-00262812-00263296 with Senator Bernie Sanders, I'm curious as to your take,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00791-00263296-00263733 what do you think was - what was it that was underestimated
0kHh-1bfs7u-00792-00263733-00264007 about this election, that has proven those, perhaps,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00793-00264007-00264250 who were thinking optimistically, you know,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00794-00264250-00264494 supporting the other candidate, Hillary Clinton, wrong?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00795-00264494-00264824 What was the most underestimated about this election?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00796-00264824-00265161 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: In what sense, Bankole?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00797-00265161-00265351 >> Bankole Thompson: Democrats who were anxious, that,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00798-00265351-00265515 basically, either way excited
0kHh-1bfs7u-00799-00265515-00265678 that Hillary Clinton was going to win.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00800-00265678-00265905 So, obviously, they underestimated something
0kHh-1bfs7u-00801-00265905-00266262 about the election that pivoted to Trump?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00802-00266262-00266402 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Two issues.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00803-00266402-00266649 One she did win.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00804-00266649-00267283 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00805-00267283-00267867 In a democratic society, the popular vote matters.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00806-00267867-00268141 And a suppressed vote matters, and [inaudible].
0kHh-1bfs7u-00807-00268141-00268604 Between the popular vote lead and the suppressed vote,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00808-00268604-00268798 that then equals victory.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00809-00268798-00269065 And we would not do well to assume
0kHh-1bfs7u-00810-00269065-00269298 that popular vote does not matter.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00811-00269298-00269662 Anybody [inaudible] will accept, in your cities,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00812-00269662-00269949 emerge [inaudible] elected officials.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00813-00269949-00270233 Elected officials, you get elected one day,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00814-00270233-00270463 and they're going to give you [inaudible] the next day.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00815-00270463-00270750 That's a - that's the kind of electoral college.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00816-00270750-00271040 We demand the right elected officials represent us,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00817-00271040-00271260 and that one person, one vote stand.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00818-00271260-00271564 And I would certainly hope that we would not give up on that,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00819-00271564-00271841 I think while there are those who want
0kHh-1bfs7u-00820-00271841-00271981 to make the Second Amendment a priority,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00821-00271981-00272165 as the First Amendment, [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-00822-00272165-00272388 because the First Amendment is a priority.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00823-00272388-00272792 Use your right to demonstrate, but do so non-violently,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00824-00272792-00273219 with discipline, goals, targets, demonstrations matter
0kHh-1bfs7u-00825-00273219-00273476 when they're clear and focused and non-violent.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00826-00273476-00273606 >> Bankole Thompson: President Barack Obama,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00827-00273606-00273863 the nation's first African American president has less
0kHh-1bfs7u-00828-00273863-00273996 than two months in office.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00829-00273996-00274303 In your remarks, you said, he should offer a preemptive,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00830-00274303-00274574 as you call it, pardon for Hillary Clinton.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00831-00274574-00274844 Are there other items, or a list of things that you would
0kHh-1bfs7u-00832-00274844-00275208 like Obama do before he exits the White House?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00833-00275208-00275324 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: I think, first of all,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00834-00275324-00275671 in some perspective, when he came into office,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00835-00275671-00276165 we [inaudible] 3,000 [phonetic] jobs that month.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00836-00276165-00276412 You had a net gain of jobs every month since.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00837-00276412-00276619 That matters.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00838-00276619-00277153 The banks were in a global meltdown, they've been revived.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00839-00277153-00277547 Not connected to reinvestment and lending, but revived.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00840-00277547-00277797 All the [inaudible] had gone down.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00841-00277797-00278004 Even the Americans were laughing
0kHh-1bfs7u-00842-00278004-00278398 at low-quantity costs coming out of Michigan.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00843-00278398-00278641 Now we're number one again.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00844-00278641-00278791 20 million Americans have health insurance
0kHh-1bfs7u-00845-00278791-00278991 that did not have it before.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00846-00278991-00279132 Somebody said, well, the problem
0kHh-1bfs7u-00847-00279132-00279392 with Affordable Health Care is it balloons at the end.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00848-00279392-00279742 If a new car comes off the lot and the brakes are not working,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00849-00279742-00279999 the steering wheel not working, you don't destroy it,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00850-00279999-00280226 you recall it and fix it.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00851-00280226-00280443 Don't go backwards from affordable healthcare.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00852-00280443-00280707 People who don't have jobs and make little,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00853-00280707-00281024 need affordable healthcare more than ever.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00854-00281024-00281150 And so...
0kHh-1bfs7u-00855-00281150-00281597 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00856-00281597-00281734 There are two things you can do.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00857-00281734-00281961 One is - if you were -- just look at Detroit for a moment,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00858-00281961-00282448 and we think creatively for a moment, if there's a commitment
0kHh-1bfs7u-00859-00282448-00282675 that we have 100,000 abandoned homes and abandoned lots
0kHh-1bfs7u-00860-00282675-00282995 in Detroit, and about the same in Chicago,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00861-00282995-00283903 to remove lead paint jobs, to landscaping and cut the weeds
0kHh-1bfs7u-00862-00284016-00284247 and the bushes down, and use [inaudible] loans
0kHh-1bfs7u-00863-00284247-00284791 to put entrepreneurs in business jobs, to demolish those homes
0kHh-1bfs7u-00864-00284791-00285181 and businesses that cannot be restored jobs,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00865-00285181-00285832 [inaudible] boards, put in windowpanes and put in painting
0kHh-1bfs7u-00866-00285832-00285978 and [inaudible] and roofing.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00867-00285978-00286085 That may be more jobs
0kHh-1bfs7u-00868-00286085-00286325 than people [inaudible] jobs are priority.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00869-00286325-00286736 Let's put America back to work be a priority.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00870-00286736-00286993 That was Dr. King's last mission.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00871-00286993-00287407 And so we need a White House conference on violence,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00872-00287407-00287650 causes and cures, all you have
0kHh-1bfs7u-00873-00287650-00287884 to do is dust off the [inaudible] report,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00874-00287884-00288071 violence causes and cures,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00875-00288071-00288641 we're the most heavily armed nation on earth.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00876-00288641-00289138 We lost about 6,000 soldiers in Iraq in 10 years,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00877-00289138-00289415 and 30,000 a year at home.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00878-00289415-00289719 We are the most violent nation on earth.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00879-00289719-00289849 And we can't deny it
0kHh-1bfs7u-00880-00289849-00290246 and we certainly should not brag about it.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00881-00290246-00290753 And when the idea of allowing military assault weapons
0kHh-1bfs7u-00882-00290753-00291060 to be sold on commonplace, there's no defense
0kHh-1bfs7u-00883-00291060-00291267 against these weapons.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00884-00291267-00291644 I don't know what an executive order can do, but these -
0kHh-1bfs7u-00885-00291644-00291864 these weapons can shoot down planes.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00886-00291864-00292024 They shoot up churches and theaters,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00887-00292024-00292448 we must ban military assault weapons.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00888-00292448-00293249 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00889-00293249-00293556 [ Inaudible Comment ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00890-00293556-00293873 Lincoln could have taken the position, given the Civil War,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00891-00293873-00294353 where Calhoun and Lee and those guys,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00892-00294353-00294634 sought to overthrow our government.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00893-00294634-00295054 They could have been convicted and hung, tried, executed.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00894-00295054-00295354 Lincoln said, for the good of our nation,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00895-00295354-00295688 let's heal the wounds of war and go forward.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00896-00295688-00296142 And he forgave them and pardoned them,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00897-00296142-00296609 and there was [inaudible] to punish them.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00898-00296609-00296839 [Inaudible] Americans were killed, more than any other war
0kHh-1bfs7u-00899-00296839-00297343 since that time, but Lincoln chose healing and not hurting.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00900-00297343-00297653 [Inaudible] the same [inaudible] with Nixon.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00901-00297653-00298121 There were those who wanted [inaudible] to get met,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00902-00298121-00298578 and it would have been kind of a gratification for some.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00903-00298578-00298805 We finally got him.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00904-00298805-00299102 President Ford said, no, we don't need him [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-00905-00299102-00299582 we need them to move on, go on with the nation's business.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00906-00299582-00299822 And, by the way, Nixon was not tried.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00907-00299822-00300336 Was not convicted, and didn't apply for a pardon.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00908-00300336-00300650 Ford made an executive order
0kHh-1bfs7u-00909-00300650-00300947 in the national interest of America.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00910-00300947-00301260 Hillary Clinton has not been tried or convicted,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00911-00301260-00301564 facing [phonetic] all those hearings, but there are those
0kHh-1bfs7u-00912-00301564-00301794 who want to drag her, for the next three years,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00913-00301794-00302201 and to make a [inaudible] of defining who we are.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00914-00302201-00302465 It's not fair, it's not necessary.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00915-00302465-00302792 If you unleash this special prosecutor,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00916-00302792-00303132 they have God-like powers, more than even -
0kHh-1bfs7u-00917-00303132-00303359 attorney general's cannot stop them.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00918-00303359-00303553 Presidents cannot stop them.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00919-00303553-00303793 They will not stop until they find some reason
0kHh-1bfs7u-00920-00303793-00303926 to put her in jail.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00921-00303926-00304090 What a travesty that would be.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00922-00304090-00304280 How [inaudible], how unnecessary.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00923-00304280-00304604 I say only pardon her, but several thousand -
0kHh-1bfs7u-00924-00304604-00304971 several thousand other Americans who paid their federal dues
0kHh-1bfs7u-00925-00304971-00305258 for the crime they committed, and pardon them too.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00926-00305258-00305531 A kind of emancipation proclamation,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00927-00305531-00305755 let's start over again.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00928-00305755-00306332 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00929-00306332-00306569 Now, I'm not talking about let those in jail out,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00930-00306569-00306763 that's not what I'm discussing.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00931-00306763-00307156 They're paying their dues, who have served their time, and out.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00932-00307156-00307467 [Inaudible] burden of the label of ex-felon,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00933-00307467-00307767 many of them can't vote and they can't function.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00934-00307767-00308054 If we reduce their debt, we'll reduce the damage
0kHh-1bfs7u-00935-00308054-00308347 and reduce their person, reduce their productivity.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00936-00308347-00308591 What's the purpose, if the jury's give you five years,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00937-00308591-00308851 why should society give you 25 more?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00938-00308851-00309378 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00939-00309378-00309525 >> Bankole Thompson: There's another issue that I want
0kHh-1bfs7u-00940-00309525-00309629 to bring up, because you talked
0kHh-1bfs7u-00941-00309629-00309796 about putting America back to work.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00942-00309796-00310486 The Flint water crisis, what happens to Flint now?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00943-00310486-00310686 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: [Pause] Flint needs water bottles,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00944-00310686-00311003 not water pipes, water bottles.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00945-00311003-00311344 The people of Flint [applause] stand out,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00946-00311344-00311637 there are now other places in Michigan with water
0kHh-1bfs7u-00947-00311637-00312058 as poisonous, as it were in Flint.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00948-00312058-00312518 It just says that - I'm inclined to believe
0kHh-1bfs7u-00949-00312518-00313012 that there have been a lot of publicity around Flint.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00950-00313012-00313199 If there were commitment to -
0kHh-1bfs7u-00951-00313199-00313429 [inaudible] infrastructure project,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00952-00313429-00313576 which steelworkers would like to work,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00953-00313576-00313916 and for those construction people [inaudible], save lives
0kHh-1bfs7u-00954-00313916-00314230 and the environment - and the environment,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00955-00314230-00314731 we have no idea the impact that water with heavy lead
0kHh-1bfs7u-00956-00314731-00315047 on the lives of children the rest of their lives.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00957-00315047-00315435 Flint is a national disgrace and should be a national priority.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00958-00315435-00315765 This governor has a six million dollar rainy day [phonetic]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00959-00315765-00316055 fund, not a dime has gone to Flint.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00960-00316055-00316502 Flint, it's raining in Flint, raining down poison.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00961-00316502-00316856 The federal government calls Flint an emergency,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00962-00316856-00316976 not as a disaster.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00963-00316976-00317253 So the federal government offers 5 million rather
0kHh-1bfs7u-00964-00317253-00317417 than 95 million.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00965-00317417-00317797 Flint is a disaster zone, and needs recovering now.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00966-00317797-00318147 Flint deserves recovery now.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00967-00318147-00318654 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00968-00318654-00318861 >> Bankole Thompson: We saw the auto industry crisis towards the
0kHh-1bfs7u-00969-00318861-00318995 end of the Bush administration.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00970-00318995-00319322 Obama, President Obama came in and rescued the industry.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00971-00319322-00319559 Now we're seeing the Flint water crisis.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00972-00319559-00319932 What do you expect, or should we expect, what should be done
0kHh-1bfs7u-00973-00319932-00320346 as it relates to the administration of Donald Trump?
0kHh-1bfs7u-00974-00320480-00320646 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Well, he has said that a priority
0kHh-1bfs7u-00975-00320646-00321080 for him [inaudible] issue is to invest in infrastructure.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00976-00321080-00321370 There certainly is a way putting America back to work.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00977-00321370-00321794 We have several trillion dollars in offshore taxes
0kHh-1bfs7u-00978-00321794-00321958 that have not been paid.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00979-00321958-00322188 He understands how that works [laugher].
0kHh-1bfs7u-00980-00322188-00322815 And there should be a system arranged, a difference made,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00981-00322815-00323186 to bring that money back to America,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00982-00323186-00323423 targeted for reinvestment.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00983-00323423-00323723 These [inaudible] need more than a [inaudible]
0kHh-1bfs7u-00984-00323723-00323906 than the development banks.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00985-00323906-00324380 We say [inaudible] plan, we're not talking about the amount
0kHh-1bfs7u-00986-00324380-00324704 of money in [inaudible] plan, there may have been 13 billion.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00987-00324704-00324914 What made the [inaudible] plan significant was
0kHh-1bfs7u-00988-00324914-00325374 in [inaudible] it was 50 years of loan, little interest loans,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00989-00325374-00325588 and these inner cities that have been devastated
0kHh-1bfs7u-00990-00325588-00326072 by bank exploitation and government lack of investment,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00991-00326072-00326572 and by various forms of escape, we need not only
0kHh-1bfs7u-00992-00326572-00326883 to redevelop them, but a banking system
0kHh-1bfs7u-00993-00326883-00327150 for those zones for reconstruction.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00994-00327150-00327343 We know how to reconstruct nations,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00995-00327343-00327643 and we should apply it at home.
0kHh-1bfs7u-00996-00327643-00327800 >> Bankole Thompson: You talk about Detroit
0kHh-1bfs7u-00997-00327800-00327957 and reconstruction a lot,
0kHh-1bfs7u-00998-00327957-00328234 and I spoke to the mayor's administration this week
0kHh-1bfs7u-00999-00328234-00328584 for a column tomorrow about how the city of Detroit responds
0kHh-1bfs7u-01000-00328584-00328775 to the Trump administration.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01001-00328775-00329305 How do you think, or what should urban cities do, Chicago,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01002-00329305-00329595 Detroit, Washington, you name it across the nation,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01003-00329595-00329779 how should they relate
0kHh-1bfs7u-01004-00329779-00330109 to the new administration in Washington?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01005-00330109-00330386 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: We need economic reconstruction.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01006-00330386-00330903 But we cannot tradeoff how we treat our neighbor.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01007-00330903-00331377 I want a job, but the price you pay for it cannot be
0kHh-1bfs7u-01008-00331377-00331684 to violate people's human rights.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01009-00331684-00331848 We can do both.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01010-00331848-00332188 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01011-00332188-00332391 We can rebuild schools without having children
0kHh-1bfs7u-01012-00332391-00332645 in school crying, fearing deportation.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01013-00332645-00333262 You can rebuild cities without having, without banding Muslim.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01014-00333262-00333463 We can rebuild cities with xenophobic language
0kHh-1bfs7u-01015-00333463-00333743 and behavior, so that the issue is not,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01016-00333743-00334020 shall we reconstruct the cities?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01017-00334020-00334177 It's we reconstruct relationships.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01018-00334177-00334924 We share 2,000 miles of border with Mexico, 2,000 miles.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01019-00334924-00335284 We do more trade with Mexico in a given day
0kHh-1bfs7u-01020-00335284-00335425 than we do with China and Japan.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01021-00335425-00335848 Do you want to make your next door neighbor an enemy?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01022-00335848-00336082 It's irrational!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01023-00336082-00336456 Mexico is a gateway to South Central Latin America.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01024-00336456-00336766 That's why I said, as we think global and not just locally
0kHh-1bfs7u-01025-00336766-00337036 and see the world through [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-01026-00337036-00337340 we are six percent the world's population.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01027-00337340-00337934 And Putin, and his - Mr. Trump's group represents six percent.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01028-00337934-00338211 Most - that - one-eighth of the human race is African,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01029-00338211-00338454 one-fourth Nigerian, two-thirds
0kHh-1bfs7u-01030-00338454-00338591 of our neighbors are Latin Americans.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01031-00338591-00339035 Most people in the world are yellow, brown, black,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01032-00339035-00339525 non-Christian, poor, female, young, they don't speak English,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01033-00339525-00339992 in that world, let's lead the world in coexistence and not
0kHh-1bfs7u-01034-00339992-00340299 through [inaudible], and that world, we must live together.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01035-00340299-00340453 >> Bankole Thompson: I want to run some names by you.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01036-00340453-00340803 These - these have been talked about as potential picks,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01037-00340803-00340997 cabinet secretaries for the new...
0kHh-1bfs7u-01038-00340997-00341150 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Don't do that to me.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01039-00341150-00341674 [ Laughter & Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01040-00341674-00341878 >> Bankole Thompson: Rudy Giuliani, the former mayor
0kHh-1bfs7u-01041-00341878-00342141 of New York has been mentioned as a potential -
0kHh-1bfs7u-01042-00342141-00342411 the number one diplomat for the United Nation -
0kHh-1bfs7u-01043-00342411-00342832 for the United States, [inaudible], Senator is also,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01044-00342832-00343189 his name is in the ring as a potential Attorney General.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01045-00343189-00343372 What is your take so far by these names
0kHh-1bfs7u-01046-00343372-00343616 that have been put out here?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01047-00343616-00343986 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Make America great again [laughter].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01048-00343986-00344340 I mean, they represent their [inaudible].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01049-00344340-00344724 It seems to me that some people have to make some decisions.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01050-00344724-00345401 Like, I really voted for him, but I'm willing to excuse all
0kHh-1bfs7u-01051-00345401-00345782 of this stuff to get to him, because I might get a job.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01052-00345782-00346135 You should not risk [inaudible] and maybe even for a job.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01053-00346135-00346359 We need jobs.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01054-00346469-00346636 [Applause] We also need decency and dignity
0kHh-1bfs7u-01055-00346636-00346856 in the sense of humanity as well.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01056-00346856-00347213 And I'm concerned that as we look at these -
0kHh-1bfs7u-01057-00347213-00347430 some of these names that have been surfaced,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01058-00347430-00347864 that they may do our nation harm.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01059-00347864-00348337 But that - if we - if we concede this election and don't fight
0kHh-1bfs7u-01060-00348337-00348845 for the suppressed vote, and - and December 19th,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01061-00348845-00349155 which the day the electors elect, we'll have to live
0kHh-1bfs7u-01062-00349155-00349258 with that for a season.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01063-00349258-00349465 It will not be a pretty picture,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01064-00349465-00349766 because the rural are not standing by waiting
0kHh-1bfs7u-01065-00349766-00350099 for us to violate them.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01066-00350099-00350453 We - isolation is not the way of the world.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01067-00350453-00350640 Globalization is a way of the world,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01068-00350640-00350853 but it must be balanced globalization.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01069-00350853-00351170 It's interesting that our telecom
0kHh-1bfs7u-01070-00351170-00351768 and our transmedia has a balance system, but economics do not,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01071-00351768-00352098 and so we must balance our global economics.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01072-00352098-00352295 Also, most people realize, we're not a part
0kHh-1bfs7u-01073-00352295-00352572 of the - of the world court.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01074-00352572-00352982 So we're - all the poor nations, when they violate a [inaudible]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01075-00352982-00353319 for the world court, but we shouldn't - we should not live
0kHh-1bfs7u-01076-00353319-00353536 about the world court.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01077-00353536-00353786 We should all commit ourself to justice.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01078-00353786-00354107 When your school plays Ohio State in a few days from now,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01079-00354107-00354547 on the for real side, you want to win the game,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01080-00354547-00354787 you really [inaudible] to win the game.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01081-00354787-00355294 If it's 10 yards for every first down,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01082-00355294-00355581 and [inaudible] touchdowns, you can accept the outcome.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01083-00355581-00355945 But if one school has to run 12 yards for a first down
0kHh-1bfs7u-01084-00355945-00356272 and one has to run eight yards, you can't accept the outcome.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01085-00356272-00356739 It is just out of justice, peace comes out of justice.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01086-00356739-00356879 A sense of fairness.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01087-00356879-00357296 And you cannot favor the teams wearing the teams wearing the
0kHh-1bfs7u-01088-00357296-00357623 gray and [inaudible] wearing blue and gold.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01089-00357623-00357770 There must be a sense of fairness.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01090-00357770-00358027 We've seem to have given up on justice
0kHh-1bfs7u-01091-00358027-00358097 as a reasonable [inaudible].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01092-00358097-00358381 Justice is reasonable.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01093-00358381-00358688 >> Bankole Thompson: It is often said, Reverend, that, you know,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01094-00358688-00358901 a truly function in democracy has
0kHh-1bfs7u-01095-00358901-00359175 to have a vibrant [inaudible].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01096-00359175-00359599 We've seen a pattern now, since Donald Trump's election,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01097-00359599-00359916 picking a fight with the media this morning, with Twitter,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01098-00359916-00360293 with New York Times, and it concerns about the role
0kHh-1bfs7u-01099-00360293-00360500 of the media here in moving forward,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01100-00360500-00360723 especially after this election, lessons learned.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01101-00360723-00361027 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Well, one lesson learned is
0kHh-1bfs7u-01102-00361027-00361177 that the media cannot -
0kHh-1bfs7u-01103-00361177-00361517 the media did a lot to promote Trump.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01104-00361517-00361934 And was not as - did not critique as well
0kHh-1bfs7u-01105-00361934-00362064 as it should have critiqued.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01106-00362064-00362515 But we need a free and vibrant media.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01107-00362515-00362652 And we cannot...
0kHh-1bfs7u-01108-00362652-00362945 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01109-00362945-00363346 Social media opinions are not the same
0kHh-1bfs7u-01110-00363346-00363753 as well-trained journalists who think and do research.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01111-00363753-00364350 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01112-00364350-00364547 Social media opinions cannot compare
0kHh-1bfs7u-01113-00364547-00364757 with the well-thought out story.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01114-00364757-00364977 We must not give up on that narrative.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01115-00364977-00365318 >> Bankole Thompson: I have two more questions.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01116-00365318-00365665 We've seen, before this election, the new wave.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01117-00365665-00365885 We've talked about this, University of Missouri,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01118-00365885-00366222 diversity, equity, and inclusion and so forth, but going back
0kHh-1bfs7u-01119-00366222-00366522 to the Civil Rights Movement, it's well-documented that,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01120-00366522-00366652 you know, the movement
0kHh-1bfs7u-01121-00366652-00366999 for social change actually started on student campuses.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01122-00366999-00367310 For some, this moment represents, perhaps, a new era,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01123-00367310-00367667 a new civil rights movement, or, perhaps, reigniting the past.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01124-00367667-00368057 What role do you see students playing on university campuses
0kHh-1bfs7u-01125-00368057-00368411 across this nation at this point in time?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01126-00368411-00368548 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Being a social [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-01127-00368548-00369085 use their freedom to mature and to assess social justice.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01128-00369085-00369705 I remember, 19-years-old, going to jail with seven classmates,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01129-00369705-00370019 trying to use the public library, I came into my sense
0kHh-1bfs7u-01130-00370019-00370446 of maturity [inaudible], losing my fear of jail
0kHh-1bfs7u-01131-00370446-00370700 and death by going to a jail.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01132-00370700-00371087 And then other jailings, fighting to open the doors.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01133-00371087-00371367 The good news is, what keeps my hope alive,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01134-00371367-00371677 is that we have these [inaudible], but we're winning.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01135-00371677-00372285 When I look at Carolina Panthers or the Atlanta Falcons,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01136-00372285-00372515 they couldn't have been behind the cotton curtain,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01137-00372515-00372665 it would have been illegal.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01138-00372665-00373032 You couldn't have had the Olympics behind the cotton
0kHh-1bfs7u-01139-00373032-00373136 curtain in Atlanta, Georgia.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01140-00373136-00373429 You couldn't have had CNN in Georgia,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01141-00373429-00373649 you couldn't have had South Carolina
0kHh-1bfs7u-01142-00373649-00373893 as the number one producer of tires behind the cotton curtain.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01143-00373893-00374347 You couldn't have had the great [inaudible] Alabama [inaudible]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01144-00374347-00374680 behind the cotton - we are more civil.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01145-00374680-00375148 But it's just like swimming from Britain to France.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01146-00375148-00375314 It's not the distance that's [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-01147-00375314-00375731 it's the undercurrent, and there is, in life, undercurrents,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01148-00375731-00376335 there are crosswinds that are unanticipated.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01149-00376335-00376582 And some of them winds, knock you down.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01150-00376582-00376899 You could not look for the first blades of grass to lie on,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01151-00376899-00377123 you've got to get back up and keep fighting.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01152-00377123-00377513 I repeat again, deep water does not drown you.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01153-00377513-00377753 You drown when you stop kicking.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01154-00377753-00378010 Paul said there was a shipwreck one time
0kHh-1bfs7u-01155-00378010-00378171 and people were inclined to panic.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01156-00378171-00378384 [Inaudible] were some [inaudible] boards,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01157-00378384-00378801 and some were broken pieces.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01158-00378801-00379255 A few days ago, [inaudible], I was walking down the street,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01159-00379255-00379662 and I saw, well, I really didn't see it because I slipped
0kHh-1bfs7u-01160-00379662-00380076 and fell, broken sidewalks, and a root had grown under one
0kHh-1bfs7u-01161-00380076-00380276 of trees and lifted the sidewalk, and it was kind
0kHh-1bfs7u-01162-00380276-00380630 of lifted, and I looked back to where I had fallen,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01163-00380630-00380983 and in that crack, there was some grass coming out,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01164-00380983-00381477 just a little daylight, a little sunshine, a little water,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01165-00381477-00381811 life sometimes comes through the cracks.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01166-00381811-00382011 Sometimes it does not come in hope, he says,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01167-00382011-00382552 you must find life wherever it is and let life express itself.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01168-00382552-00382889 Even [inaudible] cannot suppress us ultimately.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01169-00382889-00383392 We the people, in the end, right will prevail.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01170-00383392-00383739 [inaudible] character and character breeds faith,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01171-00383739-00383876 in the end faith will prevail.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01172-00383876-00384313 It is on that belief that we go forward and don't surrender.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01173-00384313-00384423 >> Bankole Thompson: That's a nice segway,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01174-00384423-00384567 Reverend, to my final question.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01175-00384567-00384884 Next week is Thanksgiving, there are lots of families
0kHh-1bfs7u-01176-00384884-00385138 who will be having Thanksgiving, but in fear, in a state of fear,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01177-00385138-00385391 unsure what will happen the next day, the next week.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01178-00385391-00385768 In January, what do you say to those families that, you know,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01179-00385768-00385968 might have a different Thanksgiving this year
0kHh-1bfs7u-01180-00385968-00386372 because of the climate in the nation today?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01181-00386372-00386482 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Well, if I were a turkey,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01182-00386482-00386716 I would not organize a Thanksgiving dinner,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01183-00386716-00386929 that's the first thing [laughter].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01184-00386929-00387089 [Inaudible] The turkey should not organize
0kHh-1bfs7u-01185-00387089-00387323 Thanksgiving dinners.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01186-00387323-00387500 You got the point?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01187-00387500-00387657 Break a leg [phonetic]?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01188-00387657-00387753 >> Bankole Thompson: Yes I do.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01189-00387753-00387867 [Laughter]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01190-00387867-00388127 >> Rev. Jesse Jackson: Well, we cannot settle
0kHh-1bfs7u-01191-00388127-00388524 for people having a meal a day a year,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01192-00388524-00388674 people need to have the capacity
0kHh-1bfs7u-01193-00388674-00388931 to have a balanced meal everyday.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01194-00388931-00389152 That's the first issue.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01195-00389152-00389512 [ APplause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01196-00389512-00389665 Some of the great heroes and heroes
0kHh-1bfs7u-01197-00389665-00389959 of our time are people who, in World War II,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01198-00389959-00390540 who found threatened Jews and gave them sanctuary.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01199-00390540-00390706 Their lines were defined [phonetic] by providing
0kHh-1bfs7u-01200-00390706-00391043 for frightened people's sanctuary.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01201-00391043-00391450 A little love will do, if there is some student, some classmate
0kHh-1bfs7u-01202-00391450-00391834 of yours who you know is anxious and maybe cry at night
0kHh-1bfs7u-01203-00391834-00392168 because the fear of deportation.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01204-00392168-00392472 Maybe take them home for Thanksgiving with you,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01205-00392472-00392825 and be kind, and not only should your school be a sanctuary,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01206-00392825-00393146 and not - and fight for policies that protect.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01207-00393146-00393556 I mean, you have students in this university right now
0kHh-1bfs7u-01208-00393556-00394053 who have come against great odds and they're doing well in class,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01209-00394053-00394267 but they fear being deported.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01210-00394267-00394557 We can mobilize and fight for policies
0kHh-1bfs7u-01211-00394557-00394744 that stop that from happening.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01212-00394744-00395117 I think if we mobilize, the worst may not happen.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01213-00395117-00395454 It is - it's solace that betrayal.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01214-00395454-00395825 When we didn't have the right to vote, we got the right to vote
0kHh-1bfs7u-01215-00395825-00396128 because we marched with discipline.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01216-00396128-00396412 All I'm saying to you is that fight
0kHh-1bfs7u-01217-00396412-00396669 for the [inaudible] right to vote.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01218-00396669-00396923 What makes America great is the right to fight
0kHh-1bfs7u-01219-00396923-00397353 for the right fight for affordable healthcare,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01220-00397353-00397670 [inaudible] student loan, debt reduction,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01221-00397670-00398034 fight to forgive student loans, fight for that
0kHh-1bfs7u-01222-00398034-00398334 which are meaningful to you, fight for Supreme Court justice,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01223-00398334-00398648 the moral of supreme, not just supreme in their power,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01224-00398648-00399068 and keep fighting, and there are checks and balances, you know,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01225-00399068-00399352 Trump will not make a move on America
0kHh-1bfs7u-01226-00399352-00399615 like he moved on the hotel.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01227-00399615-00399996 There are checks and balances, because I [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-01228-00399996-00400406 one reason why he is not going to move the way
0kHh-1bfs7u-01229-00400406-00400546 from [inaudible] he thought he was,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01230-00400546-00400830 because his constituents need affordable care.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01231-00400830-00401097 There are people who were so confused
0kHh-1bfs7u-01232-00401097-00401454 until they wanted affordable care,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01233-00401454-00401664 but they didn't want Obamacare [laughter].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01234-00401664-00402275 They wanted omelet, but didn't want eggs.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01235-00402275-00402371 [Laughter] But now they will find out.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01236-00402371-00402545 Thank you very much!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01237-00402545-00403452 [ Laughter & Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01238-00403996-00404223 >> Aaron Dworkin: My name is Aaron Dworkin, I serve as Dean
0kHh-1bfs7u-01239-00404223-00404490 of the School of Music, Theater, and Dance here
0kHh-1bfs7u-01240-00404490-00404747 at the University of Michigan.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01241-00404747-00405101 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01242-00405101-00405441 First, I would just like to share our appreciation again
0kHh-1bfs7u-01243-00405441-00405915 to Reverend Jackson for joining us as we celebrate your legacy
0kHh-1bfs7u-01244-00405915-00406329 and commitment to civil rights for more than 50 years.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01245-00406329-00406449 Thank you again!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01246-00406449-00406973 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01247-00406973-00407236 As we get set up here, I just wanted to share,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01248-00407236-00407573 when Dean Collins shared with me her desire,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01249-00407573-00407867 that the performing arts and its role
0kHh-1bfs7u-01250-00407867-00408217 in the Civil Rights Movement serve as an important part
0kHh-1bfs7u-01251-00408217-00408624 of this symposium, I was moved and filled with excitement
0kHh-1bfs7u-01252-00408624-00408945 for the opportunity that our students would have
0kHh-1bfs7u-01253-00408945-00409172 to demonstrate some of the ways
0kHh-1bfs7u-01254-00409172-00409652 in which the arts can help us shape a better society.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01255-00409652-00409959 The reality is that the arts have played a pivotal role
0kHh-1bfs7u-01256-00409959-00410413 in social justice movements from the very beginning.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01257-00410413-00410630 Frederick Douglass, the great orator, statesman,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01258-00410630-00410850 freedom fighter, leading the abolitionist movement,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01259-00410850-00411227 played the violin, as well as his son and his grandson,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01260-00411227-00411487 Joseph Douglass, was the first black violinist
0kHh-1bfs7u-01261-00411487-00411831 to tour nationally and internationally.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01262-00411831-00412181 Frederick Douglass believed all fully-emancipated,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01263-00412181-00412492 civilized men should understand music.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01264-00412492-00412712 To that end, he taught himself to play the violin,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01265-00412712-00412929 which served an important role in his life
0kHh-1bfs7u-01266-00412929-00413299 and which is why you will find his violin atop his desk
0kHh-1bfs7u-01267-00413299-00413753 at the Frederick Douglass museum in D.C. Martin Luther King,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01268-00413753-00414006 Jr. and many others in the Civil Rights Movement,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01269-00414006-00414360 grew up with a piano and the performing arts in their homes.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01270-00414360-00414594 Martin and Coretta met at a music school,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01271-00414594-00414967 where she was studying voice and violin.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01272-00414967-00415428 Dr. King shared at a speech he gave in 1964, in Berlin,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01273-00415428-00415775 long before the modern SAS and scholars wrote
0kHh-1bfs7u-01274-00415775-00416229 of racial identity as a problem for a multiracial world,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01275-00416229-00416612 musicians were returning to their roots to affirm
0kHh-1bfs7u-01276-00416612-00416899 that which was stirring within their souls.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01277-00416899-00417156 Much of the power of our Freedom Movement
0kHh-1bfs7u-01278-00417156-00417550 in the United States has come from this music.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01279-00417550-00417807 It has strengthened us with its sweet rhythms
0kHh-1bfs7u-01280-00417807-00418010 when courage began to fail.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01281-00418010-00418264 It has calmed us with its rich harmonies
0kHh-1bfs7u-01282-00418264-00418594 when spirits were down, for in the particular struggle
0kHh-1bfs7u-01283-00418594-00418968 of the Negro in America, there is something akin
0kHh-1bfs7u-01284-00418968-00419348 to the universal struggle of modern man.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01285-00419348-00419595 For over 50 years, Reverend Jackson has been
0kHh-1bfs7u-01286-00419595-00419882 at the forefront of these issues.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01287-00419882-00420236 Of the great Mahalia Jackson, you stated,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01288-00420236-00420610 that's where the power comes from, when there is no gap
0kHh-1bfs7u-01289-00420610-00420903 between what you say and who you are, what you say
0kHh-1bfs7u-01290-00420903-00421324 and what you believe, when you can express that in song,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01291-00421324-00421621 it is all the more powerful.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01292-00421621-00421864 It is now my honor to welcome to the stage,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01293-00421864-00422245 a number of our talented SMTD students and faculty
0kHh-1bfs7u-01294-00422245-00422662 who will depict the values and ignite the emotions
0kHh-1bfs7u-01295-00422662-00423125 of the Civil Rights Movement through song, dance, drama,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01296-00423125-00423262 and instrumental music.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01297-00423262-00423589 Each artist and performance will be individually introduced
0kHh-1bfs7u-01298-00423589-00423903 by Justin Gordon, who is an LSNA student,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01299-00423903-00424290 minoring in global theater and ethnic studies.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01300-00424290-00424510 Ladies and gentlemen, please join me
0kHh-1bfs7u-01301-00424510-00424754 in welcoming Mr. Gordon to the stage.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01302-00424754-00425661 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01303-00425755-00425832 >> Justin Gordon: Good afternoon!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01304-00425832-00425915 Good afternoon, everybody!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01305-00425915-00426052 Good afternoon, good afternoon!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01306-00426052-00426592 I am humbled and grateful to be here, and I'd like to speak
0kHh-1bfs7u-01307-00426592-00426839 on behalf of all of my family in the room,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01308-00426839-00427136 personally to Reverend Jackson, and say that,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01309-00427136-00427360 after your remarks today and your presence here on campus,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01310-00427360-00427507 I'll respect in reverence for you
0kHh-1bfs7u-01311-00427507-00427944 and your legacy has deepened even more, and I just want
0kHh-1bfs7u-01312-00427944-00428224 to give a humbled thank you to begin this - this serenade
0kHh-1bfs7u-01313-00428224-00428467 of music and performance for you.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01314-00428975-00429532 And he, his message, has inspired us to be able
0kHh-1bfs7u-01315-00429532-00429772 to say all around the world, together,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01316-00429772-00429902 we all going to say it together.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01317-00429902-00429992 I am...
0kHh-1bfs7u-01318-00429992-00430112 >> Audience: I am...
0kHh-1bfs7u-01319-00430112-00430189 >> Justin Gordon: ...somebody!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01320-00430189-00430283 >> Audience: ...somebody!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01321-00430283-00430393 >> Justin Gordon: I said, I am...
0kHh-1bfs7u-01322-00430393-00430496 >> Audience: I am...
0kHh-1bfs7u-01323-00430496-00430566 >> Justin Gordon: ...somebody!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01324-00430566-00430680 >> Audience: Somebody!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01325-00430680-00430743 >> Justin Gordon: Thank you, Reverend Jackson.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01326-00430743-00431003 I appreciate you.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01327-00431003-00431314 I'd like to first introduce Mr. Jordan Samuels,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01328-00431314-00431631 he is a musical theater student, and a baritone vocalist,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01329-00431631-00431804 and his accompaniment will be
0kHh-1bfs7u-01330-00431804-00431958 from Professor Jason [inaudible].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01331-00431958-00432191 He will be signing the song, Make Them Hear You,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01332-00432191-00432371 from the musical Ragtime.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01333-00432371-00432625 The original singer and performer
0kHh-1bfs7u-01334-00432625-00433082 of this song is Brian Stokes Mitchell, and in the musical,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01335-00433082-00433402 it was -- the song was sung by the protagonist named,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01336-00433402-00433966 Coalhouse Walker, Jr., and he was a successful black pianist
0kHh-1bfs7u-01337-00433966-00434253 who started a riot and revoked after his wife was shot
0kHh-1bfs7u-01338-00434253-00434554 down by murderous policemen, only after trying
0kHh-1bfs7u-01339-00434554-00434844 to shake the hand of then President, Theodore Roosevelt.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01340-00434844-00435174 Ladies and gentlemen, please, Mr. Samuels.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01341-00435174-00436082 [Applause]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01342-00437153-00438054 [ Music & Singing ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01343-00450346-00451254 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01344-00452642-00452949 >> Justin Gordon: One more time for Mr. Jordan Samuels, please!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01345-00452949-00453316 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01346-00453316-00453746 Now, some people sing songs, that man just sang
0kHh-1bfs7u-01347-00453746-00454030 that song [laughter] right there.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01348-00454030-00454350 Next, I'd like to present to you an excerpt from the documentary,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01349-00454350-00454647 Love, Life, and Loss, which featured the song,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01350-00454647-00454997 Seven Last Words of the Unarmed, originally composed
0kHh-1bfs7u-01351-00454997-00455368 by Joel Thompson, and will be performed by the University
0kHh-1bfs7u-01352-00455368-00455614 of Michigan men's glee club.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01353-00455614-00455965 Under the direction of Mr. Eugene Rogers, Associate Chair
0kHh-1bfs7u-01354-00455965-00456249 of Choirs and the Professor of Conducting here
0kHh-1bfs7u-01355-00456249-00456395 at our esteemed university.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01356-00456395-00456546 Please, enjoy!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01357-00456546-00457453 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01358-00457647-00458554 [ Music ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01359-00459822-00460219 >> Eugene Rogers: Great art should do more than entertain.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01360-00460219-00460720 Great art should connect you to things that are going on today.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01361-00460720-00461137 >> Joel Thompson: I wanted to process my own feelings
0kHh-1bfs7u-01362-00461137-00461404 about being a young, black man
0kHh-1bfs7u-01363-00461404-00461958 in this very racially-tense time, and also to -
0kHh-1bfs7u-01364-00461958-00462081 to do something about it.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01365-00462081-00462582 I remember making a very purposeful decision, like,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01366-00462582-00462782 I need to say something with this art,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01367-00462782-00463042 I need to provide healing with this art.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01368-00463042-00463599 >> Eugene Rogers: So The Seven Last Words is a multi-movement
0kHh-1bfs7u-01369-00463599-00463893 work that features the last words
0kHh-1bfs7u-01370-00463893-00464170 of African American men who've lost their lives before
0kHh-1bfs7u-01371-00464170-00464370 their time.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01372-00464370-00464537 >> Daniel Passino: Music is a good outlet
0kHh-1bfs7u-01373-00464537-00464717 to really tell a story,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01374-00464717-00464931 and I think that's what we're doing here with this pieces.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01375-00464931-00465184 We're really telling a story, and to have the perspective
0kHh-1bfs7u-01376-00465184-00465398 of the people that were lost.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01377-00465398-00465698 >> Joel Thompson: The Michigan Men's Glee Club is one
0kHh-1bfs7u-01378-00465698-00465872 of the oldest choral organizations
0kHh-1bfs7u-01379-00465872-00465995 in the United States.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01380-00465995-00466242 >> Eugene Rogers: The Seven Last Words is a good fit
0kHh-1bfs7u-01381-00466242-00466676 for the glee club because of how diverse the choir is.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01382-00466676-00467116 Having people of various races singing the words
0kHh-1bfs7u-01383-00467116-00467560 of this struggle is very meaningful to me and very moving
0kHh-1bfs7u-01384-00467560-00467880 to me, to see people connecting with the pain.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01385-00467880-00468321 >> Patrick Kiessling: This piece purposefully is very shocking,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01386-00468321-00468731 and it is meant to inspire a reaction.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01387-00468731-00468888 >> Unknown Speaker: I don't think great art should always
0kHh-1bfs7u-01388-00468888-00469205 make us feel comfortable.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01389-00469205-00469545 >> Wesley Fields: It's easy to get wrapped up in anger,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01390-00469545-00469839 but I feel a lot more needs to be focused
0kHh-1bfs7u-01391-00469839-00470179 on honoring their lives.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01392-00470179-00470489 >> Unknown Speaker: Now, more than ever, do we need art
0kHh-1bfs7u-01393-00470489-00470907 to create sincere dialogue between disparate groups.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01394-00470907-00471140 >> Patrick Kiessling: That's the point of really,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01395-00471140-00471610 truly great art, is we're trying to inspire that conversation.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01396-00471610-00471821 >> Daniel Passino: It's not about a color of your skin,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01397-00471821-00472028 it's not about the type of person you are,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01398-00472028-00472291 it's really about - it's really about life.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01399-00472291-00472552 >> Ryan Carrell: It doesn't matter what the nature
0kHh-1bfs7u-01400-00472552-00472805 of the loss is, because it is tragic no matter
0kHh-1bfs7u-01401-00472805-00473009 who it happens to.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01402-00473009-00473242 >> Unknown Speaker: As we focus on Love, Life, and Loss,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01403-00473242-00473703 regardless of one's political opinion, we can all agree
0kHh-1bfs7u-01404-00473703-00473950 on the value of human life.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01405-00473950-00474850 [ Music ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01406-00475444-00476352 [ Music ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01407-00478647-00479555 [ Music & Singing ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01408-00497453-00498354 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01409-00498461-00498621 >> Justin Gordon: That was very moving.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01410-00498621-00499288 And I'd like to now, with my personal pleasures,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01411-00499288-00499668 bring to the stage a super soprano vocalist,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01412-00499668-00499829 Miss Kayla Hill [phonetic].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01413-00499829-00500082 She'll be accompanied today by Mr. Joshua [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-01414-00500082-00500406 and she'll be singing a song called, Minstrel Man,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01415-00500406-00500876 by Margaret Bonds, which is one song in a set of three called,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01416-00500876-00501120 The Three Dream Portraits.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01417-00501120-00501520 These set of songs, who are accompanied with text from poems
0kHh-1bfs7u-01418-00501520-00501894 of the late, the great Langston Hughes.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01419-00501894-00502405 This song, in particular, personifies a mindset
0kHh-1bfs7u-01420-00502405-00502715 of a minstrel performer while always having
0kHh-1bfs7u-01421-00502715-00503256 to continuously have a joyous exterior which struggling
0kHh-1bfs7u-01422-00503256-00503419 and wrestling with inner turmoil
0kHh-1bfs7u-01423-00503419-00503749 that structural racism always brings.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01424-00503749-00504046 Please, welcome Miss Kayla Hill to the stage.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01425-00504046-00504954 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01426-00505948-00506856 [ Music ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01427-00507950-00508858 [ Music & Opera Singing ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01428-00517947-00518854 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01429-00520593-00521073 Is anyone else just absolutely floored by that performance?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01430-00521073-00521310 [Applause & cheering] Man, oh my.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01431-00521310-00521537 I'm from the west side of Detroit, Michigan,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01432-00521537-00521687 and we don't get a lot of opera singing.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01433-00521687-00521988 The first time I ever heard anyone personally sing opera was
0kHh-1bfs7u-01434-00521988-00522184 three weeks ago during their practice [laughter],
0kHh-1bfs7u-01435-00522184-00522535 and my whole perception during singing has changed ever
0kHh-1bfs7u-01436-00522535-00522638 since I heard Miss Hill's voice!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01437-00522638-00522845 One more time for Miss Hill!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01438-00522845-00523653 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01439-00523653-00524256 This next program, and the leader of this program,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01440-00524256-00524991 deals with certain demographic that we forget about.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01441-00524991-00525154 A certain demographic
0kHh-1bfs7u-01442-00525154-00525408 that sometimes does not get the resources
0kHh-1bfs7u-01443-00525408-00525651 that they were entitled to as citizens,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01444-00525651-00525831 and they were taken away, technically,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01445-00525831-00525975 by the 13th Amendment.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01446-00525975-00526435 I'm speaking to the institute of prisons
0kHh-1bfs7u-01447-00526435-00526582 and the prison industrial complex,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01448-00526582-00526812 and the Prison Creative Arts Project, who was fighting
0kHh-1bfs7u-01449-00526812-00526963 against those inhumane practices
0kHh-1bfs7u-01450-00526963-00527213 that are happening behind those walls
0kHh-1bfs7u-01451-00527213-00527363 to our brothers and sisters.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01452-00527363-00527727 The Prison Creative Arts Project, which you'll see here
0kHh-1bfs7u-01453-00527727-00528087 in a film presentation, and subsequent after the -
0kHh-1bfs7u-01454-00528087-00528331 the film presentation, the director herself will come
0kHh-1bfs7u-01455-00528331-00528537 and give a scene of her play,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01456-00528537-00528811 Doing Time Behind the Visiting Glass.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01457-00528811-00529251 I'll allow you to learn and see what fighting
0kHh-1bfs7u-01458-00529251-00529555 for lives really looks like when you can't physically
0kHh-1bfs7u-01459-00529555-00529685 touch someone.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01460-00529685-00529882 Thank you.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01461-00531047-00531954 [ Music ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01462-00532088-00532291 >> Ashley Lucas: My students and I are here
0kHh-1bfs7u-01463-00532291-00532528 for a theater exchange program with [inaudible],
0kHh-1bfs7u-01464-00532528-00532848 which is the Federal University in Rio de Janeiro.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01465-00532848-00533032 We are a program at the University
0kHh-1bfs7u-01466-00533032-00533362 of Michigan called the Prison Creative Arts Project, or PCAP,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01467-00533362-00533623 and we do theater work in prisons with adults
0kHh-1bfs7u-01468-00533623-00533873 and children throughout the state of Michigan.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01469-00533873-00534106 Here in Rio, we have collaborators
0kHh-1bfs7u-01470-00534106-00534453 who do incredible theater for social change work in hospitals,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01471-00534453-00534744 prisons, and [inaudible].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01472-00534744-00535651 [ Foreign Language ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01473-00537116-00537463 In Brazil, theater is of the people, for the people.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01474-00537463-00537640 This is a very Latin American tradition,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01475-00537640-00537853 it doesn't just belong to Brazil.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01476-00537853-00538174 But when my students come here, they realize
0kHh-1bfs7u-01477-00538174-00538434 that theater can happen in many different ways
0kHh-1bfs7u-01478-00538434-00538628 that they had not previously imagined,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01479-00538628-00539065 and the theater has many different practical roles
0kHh-1bfs7u-01480-00539065-00539215 in people's lives.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01481-00539215-00539472 Really high-quality, professional theater can happen
0kHh-1bfs7u-01482-00539472-00539675 in a cramped waiting room of the hospital
0kHh-1bfs7u-01483-00539675-00539962 where the actors have this much room to do a whole play,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01484-00539962-00540249 and it can be marvelous!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01485-00540249-00541157 [ Foreign Language ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01486-00542952-00543389 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01487-00543389-00543586 My brother's an artist.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01488-00543586-00544153 He draws and paints, but mostly, he does graffiti.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01489-00544153-00544837 Right now, he's doing seven years for graffiti!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01490-00544837-00545041 [Foreign language], seven years of your life for a crime
0kHh-1bfs7u-01491-00545041-00545231 where nobody got hurt?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01492-00545231-00545488 Who's it helping for him to be in prison?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01493-00545488-00545678 The guy who's wall he wrote on?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01494-00545678-00545915 Shoot. Would have helped that guy more
0kHh-1bfs7u-01495-00545915-00546138 if they gave him community service and made him clean
0kHh-1bfs7u-01496-00546138-00546275 up the [inaudible] wall.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01497-00546275-00546762 I think, mostly, they locked him up because he's a smartass.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01498-00546762-00547193 So, when we was kids, we took this trip to El Paso,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01499-00547193-00547586 and we saw this mural that said, God is Mexican [laughing].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01500-00547586-00547974 And, Danny, my brother, loved that!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01501-00547974-00548374 When we got back to Phoenix, he started going everywhere,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01502-00548374-00548604 writing it on all the walls.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01503-00548604-00548751 God is a...
0kHh-1bfs7u-01504-00548751-00549195 [ Foreign Language ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01505-00549195-00549318 God comes from [foreign word].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01506-00549318-00549505 God hangs out at [foreign word].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01507-00549505-00550209 He didn't just paint the words, he made them beautiful.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01508-00550209-00550469 We grew up having this real strange relationship
0kHh-1bfs7u-01509-00550469-00550703 with God, because of my mother.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01510-00550703-00551080 So, we were Catholic and we went to church on Sundays and prayed
0kHh-1bfs7u-01511-00551080-00551337 like everybody else, but during the rest of the week,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01512-00551337-00551677 [inaudible] would talk to God like he was her compadre
0kHh-1bfs7u-01513-00551677-00551958 or something, like he was right there washing the dishes
0kHh-1bfs7u-01514-00551958-00552268 and folding the laundry, and then she'd get mad at God
0kHh-1bfs7u-01515-00552268-00552515 and call him stupid and yell at him, and then she'd have
0kHh-1bfs7u-01516-00552515-00552832 to apologize, because he's God, right?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01517-00552832-00553015 So she'd say something like, [foreign language],
0kHh-1bfs7u-01518-00553015-00553412 I was angry with you this morning for sending rain
0kHh-1bfs7u-01519-00553412-00553723 on the day of Lolita's first communion!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01520-00553723-00554123 But then I realized that you send the bad weather on purpose.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01521-00554123-00554256 So that it would blow [foreign language],
0kHh-1bfs7u-01522-00554256-00554620 ugly dress over her head on the steps of the church
0kHh-1bfs7u-01523-00554620-00554754 to punish her for being one of [foreign language] [laughter].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01524-00554754-00555217 Now that your plan has been revealed to me,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01525-00555217-00555514 I want to say how sorry I am for yelling at you this morning,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01526-00555514-00555751 and for eating that extra communion wafer.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01527-00555751-00556335 [ Foreign Language ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01528-00556335-00556462 So this was my mother!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01529-00556462-00556686 Right? We heard this all day long!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01530-00556686-00557036 And then my brother...well, he'd been hanging
0kHh-1bfs7u-01531-00557036-00557183 out with all these guys, right?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01532-00557183-00557663 And one night, a bunch of those guys got arrested.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01533-00557663-00557777 And if Danny [phonetic] had been with them,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01534-00557777-00557913 he would have got picked up too.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01535-00557913-00558411 So, so he started going to all of those place where he used
0kHh-1bfs7u-01536-00558411-00558771 to write, God is an undocumented immigrant,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01537-00558771-00558938 and God dances [foreign word].
0kHh-1bfs7u-01538-00558938-00559432 And he started writing his friend's names instead.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01539-00559432-00559735 [Inaudible] is in prison.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01540-00559735-00559812 [Inaudible] is in prison.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01541-00559812-00559925 [Inaudible] is in prison.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01542-00559925-00560556 [Pause] The day the cops got him, he was writing,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01543-00560556-00560760 Leo [inaudible] is in prison.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01544-00560760-00561227 God is with him.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01545-00561227-00561490 God is a prisoner.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01546-00561490-00562335 [Crying] He tried to run when he saw the cops,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01547-00562335-00563242 but they caught him, and three of them beat him
0kHh-1bfs7u-01548-00563319-00563699 until he had a concussion.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01549-00563699-00563926 And they broke his right hand.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01550-00563926-00564120 So he don't write to so good no more.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01551-00564120-00564530 And after that, [inaudible] stopped talking to God
0kHh-1bfs7u-01552-00564530-00565167 for a week, and...and now Danny [phonetic], he writes us letters
0kHh-1bfs7u-01553-00565167-00565785 in this - this real shaky handwriting, and at the bottom,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01554-00565785-00566015 underneath his signature,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01555-00566015-00566535 he always writes, God is a prisoner.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01556-00566849-00567757 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01557-00569028-00569181 >> Justin Gordon: I am honored to say
0kHh-1bfs7u-01558-00569181-00569485 that Dr. Ashley Lucas is my mentor and, arguably,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01559-00569485-00569755 the greatest human being I personally know.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01560-00569755-00570099 And if you don't know who she is, as the late, great,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01561-00570099-00570383 temporary poet, Christopher Wallace, AKA Biggie Smalls,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01562-00570383-00570846 said, if you don't know, now you know, students.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01563-00570846-00571337 [ Laughter ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01564-00571337-00571644 Next, I'd like to present an excerpt
0kHh-1bfs7u-01565-00571644-00572034 from a moving dance piece called, City of Rain,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01566-00572034-00572448 created by Camille A. Brown and performed by U of M dance majors
0kHh-1bfs7u-01567-00572448-00572798 and masters of fine arts candidates.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01568-00572798-00573336 This film, moving dance piece, represents the spirit
0kHh-1bfs7u-01569-00573336-00573789 of perseverance in the face of struggle, loss, and grief.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01570-00573789-00573966 Please, enjoy!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01571-00574650-00575558 [ Music ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01572-00588544-00589151 [ Applause ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01573-00589151-00589338 If I could dance like that, I wouldn't be
0kHh-1bfs7u-01574-00589338-00589538 up here talking to you all right now.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01575-00589538-00589695 I'd just move for a living.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01576-00589695-00589822 That was - that was amazing.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01577-00589822-00589999 That was amazing.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01578-00589999-00590309 Now, we're almost at our conclusion,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01579-00590309-00590906 and we have had some triumph, we have had some encouraging words,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01580-00590906-00591017 we've got to end with some jazz, right?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01581-00591017-00591240 We've got to end with some music, correct?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01582-00591240-00591414 Yes! [Applause] Yes.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01583-00591414-00591824 I am proud to present a jazz quartet for the ages.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01584-00591824-00592038 We have [inaudible] Belgrave [phonetic] on saxophone,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01585-00592038-00592341 [inaudible] Reed [phonetic] on drums, [inaudible] on bass,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01586-00592341-00592832 and David [inaudible] on trumpet.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01587-00592832-00593255 They will be playing, Wail, a song by Bud Powell.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01588-00593255-00593542 He was a great jazz pianist back in the 40's and 50's
0kHh-1bfs7u-01589-00593542-00593799 that battled police brutality and racism,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01590-00593799-00593993 despite making classic music.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01591-00593993-00594393 Afterwards, they'll play a song called, Cyclic Episode.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01592-00594393-00594797 Now, as all good parties go and all good celebrations go,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01593-00594797-00594980 we got to give you something to leave with,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01594-00594980-00595117 something to go home with.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01595-00595117-00595307 We've got to send Reverend Jesse Jackson home on a good note,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01596-00595307-00595418 on a great note, even
0kHh-1bfs7u-01597-00595418-00595675 as he walks outside of the door, correct?
0kHh-1bfs7u-01598-00595675-00595825 [Cheering] Alright!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01599-00595825-00596098 We have one of our esteemed professors and musicians,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01600-00596098-00596389 Tiffany Ing [phonetic], will be playing on the Carillon
0kHh-1bfs7u-01601-00596389-00596632 out in the Bell Tower, she will be playing Negro Spirituals
0kHh-1bfs7u-01602-00596632-00597129 as leave, as you walk to your cars, or buses, songs such as,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01603-00597129-00597640 Swing Low Sweet Chariot, and the Black National Anthem,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01604-00597640-00597837 lift every voice and sing.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01605-00597837-00598154 Ladies and gentlemen, that is my time, I love you all,
0kHh-1bfs7u-01606-00598154-00598327 family, hope to see you soon.
0kHh-1bfs7u-01607-00598327-00598447 Thank you!
0kHh-1bfs7u-01608-00598447-00599355 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01609-00607750-00608657 [ Music ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01610-00633549-00634050 [ Applause & Cheering ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01611-00634050-00634957 [ Music ]
0kHh-1bfs7u-01612-00669552-00671460 [ Applause & Cheering ]