7KNTuLK23Rg-00000-00000003-00000202 the development of tanks in World War
7KNTuLK23Rg-00001-00000204-00000443 one was a response to the stalemate that
7KNTuLK23Rg-00002-00000444-00000651 had developed on the Western Front
7KNTuLK23Rg-00003-00000652-00000919 although vehicles that incorporated the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00004-00000921-00001141 basic principles of the tank Armour
7KNTuLK23Rg-00005-00001142-00001429 firepower and all-terrain mobility had
7KNTuLK23Rg-00006-00001430-00001601 been projected in the decade or so
7KNTuLK23Rg-00007-00001602-00001823 before the war it was the alarmingly
7KNTuLK23Rg-00008-00001823-00002039 heavy casualties of the start of its
7KNTuLK23Rg-00009-00002039-00002225 trench warfare that stimulated
7KNTuLK23Rg-00010-00002226-00002546 development research took place in both
7KNTuLK23Rg-00011-00002547-00002780 Great Britain and France with Germany
7KNTuLK23Rg-00012-00002781-00003023 only belatedly following the Allies lead
7KNTuLK23Rg-00013-00003024-00003347 in Great Britain an initial vehicle
7KNTuLK23Rg-00014-00003347-00003608 nicknamed little Willy was constructed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00015-00003609-00003878 at William Foster & Co during August in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00016-00003879-00004250 September 1915 the prototype of a new
7KNTuLK23Rg-00017-00004251-00004454 design that became the mark when tank
7KNTuLK23Rg-00018-00004455-00004685 was demonstrated to the British Army on
7KNTuLK23Rg-00019-00004686-00005063 February 2nd 1916 although initially
7KNTuLK23Rg-00020-00005064-00005309 termed landships by the landship
7KNTuLK23Rg-00021-00005310-00005531 committee production vehicles were named
7KNTuLK23Rg-00022-00005532-00005893 tanks to preserve secrecy the term was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00023-00005894-00006079 chosen when it became known that the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00024-00006080-00006281 factory workers at William foster
7KNTuLK23Rg-00025-00006282-00006500 referred to the first prototype as the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00026-00006501-00006701 tank because of its resemblance to a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00027-00006702-00007013 steel water tank the French fielded
7KNTuLK23Rg-00028-00007014-00007289 their first tanks in April 1917 and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00029-00007290-00007517 ultimately produced far more tanks than
7KNTuLK23Rg-00030-00007518-00007849 all other countries combined the Germans
7KNTuLK23Rg-00031-00007850-00008108 on the other hand began development only
7KNTuLK23Rg-00032-00008109-00008345 in response to the appearance of allied
7KNTuLK23Rg-00033-00008346-00008624 tanks on the battlefield whilst the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00034-00008625-00008858 Allies manufactured several thousand
7KNTuLK23Rg-00035-00008859-00009080 tanks during the war Germany deployed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00036-00009081-00009346 only 20 of its own the first tanks were
7KNTuLK23Rg-00037-00009347-00009623 mechanically unreliable there were
7KNTuLK23Rg-00038-00009624-00009791 problems that caused considerable
7KNTuLK23Rg-00039-00009792-00010073 attrition rates during combat deployment
7KNTuLK23Rg-00040-00010074-00010373 and transit the heavily shelled terrain
7KNTuLK23Rg-00041-00010374-00010613 was impassable to conventional vehicles
7KNTuLK23Rg-00042-00010614-00010867 and only highly mobile tanks such as the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00043-00010868-00011163 mark 4 and FTS performed reasonably well
7KNTuLK23Rg-00044-00011164-00011498 the mark ones rhomboid shape caterpillar
7KNTuLK23Rg-00045-00011499-00011863 tracks and 26 foot 8 metres length meant
7KNTuLK23Rg-00046-00011864-00012045 that it could negotiate obstacles
7KNTuLK23Rg-00047-00012046-00012295 especially wide trenches that wheeled
7KNTuLK23Rg-00048-00012296-00012613 vehicles could not along with the tank
7KNTuLK23Rg-00049-00012614-00012880 the first self-propelled gun the British
7KNTuLK23Rg-00050-00012881-00013166 gun carrier Mk I and the first armoured
7KNTuLK23Rg-00051-00013166-00013383 personnel carrier the British M
7KNTuLK23Rg-00052-00013384-00013596 Hayek's were constructed in World War
7KNTuLK23Rg-00053-00013597-00014061 one topic conceptual roots of the tank
7KNTuLK23Rg-00054-00014062-00014286 the conceptual roots of the tank go back
7KNTuLK23Rg-00055-00014287-00014511 to ancient times with siege engines
7KNTuLK23Rg-00056-00014512-00014672 which were able to provide protection
7KNTuLK23Rg-00057-00014673-00014936 for troops moving up against stone walls
7KNTuLK23Rg-00058-00014937-00015275 or other fortifications with the coming
7KNTuLK23Rg-00059-00015276-00015461 of the Industrial Revolution and a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00060-00015462-00015647 demonstrable power of steam
7KNTuLK23Rg-00061-00015648-00015885 James Cowen presented a proposal for a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00062-00015886-00016227 steam-powered land Ram in 1855 towards
7KNTuLK23Rg-00063-00016228-00016521 the end of the Crimean War looking like
7KNTuLK23Rg-00064-00016522-00016800 a helmet on footed Boydell wheels early
7KNTuLK23Rg-00065-00016801-00016989 forerunners of the paid rail wheel it
7KNTuLK23Rg-00066-00016990-00017222 was essentially an armored steam tractor
7KNTuLK23Rg-00067-00017223-00017400 equipped with Cannon and rotating
7KNTuLK23Rg-00068-00017401-00017691 scythes sprouting from the sides Lord
7KNTuLK23Rg-00069-00017692-00017906 Palmerston is said to have dismissed it
7KNTuLK23Rg-00070-00017907-00018360 as barbaric from 1904 to 1909 David
7KNTuLK23Rg-00071-00018361-00018585 Roberts the engineer and managing
7KNTuLK23Rg-00072-00018586-00018794 director of Hornsby and sons of Grantham
7KNTuLK23Rg-00073-00018795-00019047 built a series of tractors using his
7KNTuLK23Rg-00074-00019048-00019272 patented chain track which were put
7KNTuLK23Rg-00075-00019273-00019452 through their paces by the British Army
7KNTuLK23Rg-00076-00019453-00019706 a small section of which wanted to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00077-00019707-00020061 evaluate artillery tractors at one point
7KNTuLK23Rg-00078-00020062-00020400 in 1908 Major William e Donohue of the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00079-00020401-00020616 mechanical Transport Committee remarked
7KNTuLK23Rg-00080-00020617-00020805 to Roberts that he should design a new
7KNTuLK23Rg-00081-00020806-00021024 machine with Armour capable of carrying
7KNTuLK23Rg-00082-00021025-00021350 its own gun but disheartened by years of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00083-00021351-00021555 ultimately fruitless tinkering for the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00084-00021556-00021855 army Roberts did not take up the idea in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00085-00021856-00022149 later years he expressed regret at not
7KNTuLK23Rg-00086-00022150-00022374 having pursued it an engineer in the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00087-00022375-00022647 austro-hungarian army lieutenant Gunther
7KNTuLK23Rg-00088-00022648-00022887 Burstyn inspired by Holt tractors
7KNTuLK23Rg-00089-00022888-00023108 designed a tracked armoured vehicle in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00090-00023109-00023387 1911 carrying a light gun in a rotating
7KNTuLK23Rg-00091-00023388-00023705 turret equipped also with hinged arms to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00092-00023706-00023930 in front and two at the rear carrying
7KNTuLK23Rg-00093-00023931-00024117 wheels on the ends to assist with
7KNTuLK23Rg-00094-00024118-00024347 obstacles and trenches it was a very
7KNTuLK23Rg-00095-00024348-00024608 forward-looking design if rather small
7KNTuLK23Rg-00096-00024609-00024905 the Austrian government said it would be
7KNTuLK23Rg-00097-00024906-00025152 interested in evaluating it if Burstyn
7KNTuLK23Rg-00098-00025153-00025328 could secure commercial backing to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00099-00025329-00025602 produce a prototype lacking the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00100-00025602-00025865 requisite contacts he let it drop an
7KNTuLK23Rg-00101-00025866-00026087 approach to the German government was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00102-00026088-00026469 similarly fruitless in 1912 a South
7KNTuLK23Rg-00103-00026470-00026702 Australian Lancelot de Mol
7KNTuLK23Rg-00104-00026703-00026760 submit
7KNTuLK23Rg-00105-00026761-00027002 a proposal to the British war office for
7KNTuLK23Rg-00106-00027003-00027186 a chain rail vehicle which could be
7KNTuLK23Rg-00107-00027187-00027371 easily steered and carry heavy loads
7KNTuLK23Rg-00108-00027372-00027711 over rough ground and trenches de Mol
7KNTuLK23Rg-00109-00027712-00027964 made more proposals to the war office in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00110-00027965-00028311 1914 and 1916 with a culminating
7KNTuLK23Rg-00111-00028312-00028640 proposal in late 1917 accompanied by a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00112-00028641-00028929 huge 1/8 scale model yet all fell on
7KNTuLK23Rg-00113-00028930-00029217 substantially deaf ears de Mol's
7KNTuLK23Rg-00114-00029218-00029448 proposal already had the climbing face
7KNTuLK23Rg-00115-00029449-00029708 so typical of the later World War one
7KNTuLK23Rg-00116-00029709-00029933 British tanks but it is unknown whether
7KNTuLK23Rg-00117-00029934-00030210 there was some connection enquiries to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00118-00030211-00030437 the government of Australia after the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00119-00030438-00030723 war yielded polite responses that mr. de
7KNTuLK23Rg-00120-00030724-00030965 moles ideas had unfortunately been too
7KNTuLK23Rg-00121-00030966-00031155 advanced for the time to be properly
7KNTuLK23Rg-00122-00031156-00031442 recognized at their just value the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00123-00031443-00031655 Commission on awards to inventors in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00124-00031656-00031958 1919 which adjudicated all the competing
7KNTuLK23Rg-00125-00031959-00032162 claims to the development of the tank
7KNTuLK23Rg-00126-00032163-00032379 recognized the brilliance of de moles
7KNTuLK23Rg-00127-00032380-00032589 design even considering that it was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00128-00032589-00032758 superior to the machines actually
7KNTuLK23Rg-00129-00032759-00033026 developed but due to its narrow remit
7KNTuLK23Rg-00130-00033027-00033371 could only make a payment of 987 pounds
7KNTuLK23Rg-00131-00033372-00033701 to de Mol to cover his expenses de Mol
7KNTuLK23Rg-00132-00033702-00033957 noted in 1919 that he was urged by
7KNTuLK23Rg-00133-00033958-00034167 friends before the war to approach the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00134-00034168-00034392 Germans with his design but declined to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00135-00034393-00034757 do so for patriotic reasons before World
7KNTuLK23Rg-00136-00034758-00035018 War one motorized vehicles were still
7KNTuLK23Rg-00137-00035019-00035249 relatively uncommon and their use on the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00138-00035250-00035445 battlefield was initially limited
7KNTuLK23Rg-00139-00035446-00035777 especially of heavier vehicles armored
7KNTuLK23Rg-00140-00035778-00036011 cars soon became more commonplace with
7KNTuLK23Rg-00141-00036012-00036123 most belligerence
7KNTuLK23Rg-00142-00036124-00036382 especially in more open terrain on
7KNTuLK23Rg-00143-00036383-00036776 August 23rd 1914 the French colonel
7KNTuLK23Rg-00144-00036777-00037061 jean-baptiste Eugene STN later a major
7KNTuLK23Rg-00145-00037062-00037343 proponent of Tanks declared monsieurs
7KNTuLK23Rg-00146-00037344-00037568 la victoire a party andr dans cette
7KNTuLK23Rg-00147-00037569-00037836 guerre a celui de der bella grants keep
7KNTuLK23Rg-00148-00037837-00038033 Harvey and Rolla premier a placer and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00149-00038034-00038307 cannon de 75 sur une voix two are
7KNTuLK23Rg-00150-00038308-00038555 capable to say move are and tout terrain
7KNTuLK23Rg-00151-00038556-00038840 gentlemen the victory will belong in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00152-00038841-00039054 this war to the one of the two
7KNTuLK23Rg-00153-00039055-00039261 belligerents who will be the first to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00154-00039262-00039579 succeed in mounting a 75 millimetres gun
7KNTuLK23Rg-00155-00039580-00039824 on a vehicle capable of moving in all
7KNTuLK23Rg-00156-00039825-00040106 types of terrain
7KNTuLK23Rg-00157-00040107-00040404 armored cars did indeed prove useful in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00158-00040405-00040647 open land such as in deserts but were
7KNTuLK23Rg-00159-00040648-00040938 not very good at crossing obstacles eg
7KNTuLK23Rg-00160-00040939-00041235 trenches barriers or in more challenging
7KNTuLK23Rg-00161-00041236-00041535 terrain the other issue was that it was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00162-00041536-00041754 very hard to add much protection or
7KNTuLK23Rg-00163-00041755-00042090 armament the main limitation was the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00164-00042091-00042306 wheels which gave a high ground pressure
7KNTuLK23Rg-00165-00042307-00042594 for the vehicles weight this could be
7KNTuLK23Rg-00166-00042595-00042831 solved by adding more wheels but unless
7KNTuLK23Rg-00167-00042832-00043068 they also were driven the effect was to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00168-00043069-00043301 reduce traction on the powered wheels
7KNTuLK23Rg-00169-00043302-00043548 driving extra wheels meant more
7KNTuLK23Rg-00170-00043549-00043797 drivetrain weight in turn requiring a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00171-00043798-00044001 larger and heavier engine to maintain
7KNTuLK23Rg-00172-00044002-00044313 performance even worse none of this
7KNTuLK23Rg-00173-00044314-00044520 extra weight was put into an improvement
7KNTuLK23Rg-00174-00044521-00044727 of armor or armament carried and the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00175-00044728-00044931 vehicles were still incapable of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00176-00044932-00045300 crossing very rough terrain the adoption
7KNTuLK23Rg-00177-00045301-00045501 of caterpillar tracks offered a new
7KNTuLK23Rg-00178-00045502-00045780 solution to the problem the tracks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00179-00045781-00045972 spread the weight of the vehicles over a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00180-00045973-00046227 much greater area which was all used for
7KNTuLK23Rg-00181-00046228-00046473 traction to move the vehicle the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00182-00046474-00046725 limitation on Armour and firepower was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00183-00046726-00046938 no longer ground pressure but the power
7KNTuLK23Rg-00184-00046939-00047235 and weight of the powerplant the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00185-00047236-00047478 remaining issue was how to utilize and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00186-00047479-00047784 configure a vehicle major ernest dunlop
7KNTuLK23Rg-00187-00047785-00048027 Swinton re was the official British war
7KNTuLK23Rg-00188-00048028-00048359 correspondent serving in France in 1914
7KNTuLK23Rg-00189-00048360-00048666 he recounts in his book eyewitness how
7KNTuLK23Rg-00190-00048667-00048909 the idea of using caterpillar tracks to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00191-00048910-00049104 drive an armoured fighting vehicle came
7KNTuLK23Rg-00192-00049105-00049461 to him on October 19 1914 while he was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00193-00049462-00049772 driving through northern France in July
7KNTuLK23Rg-00194-00049773-00050037 1914 he had received a letter from a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00195-00050038-00050280 friend Hugh Marriott a mining engineer
7KNTuLK23Rg-00196-00050281-00050499 drawing his attention to a hault
7KNTuLK23Rg-00197-00050500-00050718 caterpillar tractor that Marriott had
7KNTuLK23Rg-00198-00050719-00051003 seen in Belgium Marriott thought it
7KNTuLK23Rg-00199-00051004-00051213 might be useful for transport over
7KNTuLK23Rg-00200-00051214-00051438 difficult ground and Swinton had passed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00201-00051439-00051641 the information on to the appropriate
7KNTuLK23Rg-00202-00051642-00051975 departments now Swinton suggested the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00203-00051976-00052191 idea of an armoured tracked vehicle to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00204-00052191-00052419 the military authorities by sending a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00205-00052420-00052703 proposal to Lieutenant Colonel Maurice
7KNTuLK23Rg-00206-00052704-00052965 hanky-panky in turn tried to interest
7KNTuLK23Rg-00207-00052966-00053190 Lord Kitchener in the idea when this
7KNTuLK23Rg-00208-00053191-00053392 failed he sent a memorandum in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00209-00053394-00053554 member to the committee of imperial
7KNTuLK23Rg-00210-00053555-00053762 defense of which he was himself the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00211-00053763-00053999 secretary Winston Churchill the First
7KNTuLK23Rg-00212-00054000-00054191 Lord of the Admiralty was one of the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00213-00054191-00054476 members of the committee hanky proposed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00214-00054477-00054716 to build a gigantic steel roller pushed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00215-00054716-00054926 by tracked tractors to shield the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00216-00054927-00055235 advancing infantry Churchill in turn
7KNTuLK23Rg-00217-00055236-00055499 wrote a note on January 5th to the prime
7KNTuLK23Rg-00218-00055500-00055784 minister HH Asquith in which he warned
7KNTuLK23Rg-00219-00055785-00055954 that the Germans might any moment
7KNTuLK23Rg-00220-00055955-00056270 introduce a comparable system a worried
7KNTuLK23Rg-00221-00056271-00056501 Asquith now ordered Kitchener to form a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00222-00056502-00056699 committee headed by General Scott
7KNTuLK23Rg-00223-00056700-00056927 Moncrieff to study the feasibility of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00224-00056928-00057229 Swinton's idea however after trials with
7KNTuLK23Rg-00225-00057230-00057557 a halt 75 H P machine the committee
7KNTuLK23Rg-00226-00057558-00057878 concluded in February 1915 that the idea
7KNTuLK23Rg-00227-00057879-00058304 was impractical topic the landship
7KNTuLK23Rg-00228-00058304-00058492 Committee Winston Churchill however
7KNTuLK23Rg-00229-00058494-00058703 decided that if the army wouldn't take
7KNTuLK23Rg-00230-00058704-00058922 up the idea the Navy should proceed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00231-00058923-00059171 independently even if it were to exceed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00232-00059172-00059477 the limits of his authority he created
7KNTuLK23Rg-00233-00059478-00059762 the landship committee in February 1915
7KNTuLK23Rg-00234-00059763-00060014 initially to investigate designs for a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00235-00060015-00060326 massive troop transporter as a truer
7KNTuLK23Rg-00236-00060327-00060529 picture of frontline conditions was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00237-00060530-00060746 developed the aims of the investigation
7KNTuLK23Rg-00238-00060747-00061082 changed a requirement was formulated for
7KNTuLK23Rg-00239-00061083-00061301 an armored vehicle capable of 4 miles
7KNTuLK23Rg-00240-00061302-00061391 per hour
7KNTuLK23Rg-00241-00061391-00061901 6 km/h climbing a 5 feet 1.5 meters high
7KNTuLK23Rg-00242-00061902-00062258 parapet crossing an 8 feet 2.4 meters
7KNTuLK23Rg-00243-00062259-00062540 wide gap and armed with machine guns and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00244-00062541-00062834 a light artillery piece a similar
7KNTuLK23Rg-00245-00062835-00063029 proposal was working its way through the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00246-00063029-00063323 army GHQ in France and in June the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00247-00063324-00063500 landships committee was made a joint
7KNTuLK23Rg-00248-00063501-00063689 service venture between the War Office
7KNTuLK23Rg-00249-00063690-00064022 and the Admiralty the naval involvement
7KNTuLK23Rg-00250-00064023-00064334 in armored fighting vehicle AFV design
7KNTuLK23Rg-00251-00064335-00064529 had originally come about through the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00252-00064529-00064748 Royal Naval Air Service armored car
7KNTuLK23Rg-00253-00064749-00065000 division the only British unit fielding
7KNTuLK23Rg-00254-00065001-00065402 afv's in 1914 surprisingly until the end
7KNTuLK23Rg-00255-00065403-00065645 of the war most experimentation on heavy
7KNTuLK23Rg-00256-00065646-00065867 land vehicles was conducted by Royal
7KNTuLK23Rg-00257-00065868-00066242 Naval Air Service Squadron 20 at first
7KNTuLK23Rg-00258-00066243-00066443 protecting heavy gun tractors with
7KNTuLK23Rg-00259-00066444-00066647 Armour appeared the most promising line
7KNTuLK23Rg-00260-00066648-00066804 of development
7KNTuLK23Rg-00261-00066805-00067107 alternative early big wheel designs on
7KNTuLK23Rg-00262-00067108-00067293 the lines of the Russian Tsar tank of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00263-00067294-00067518 1915 were soon understood to be
7KNTuLK23Rg-00264-00067519-00067834 impractical however adapting the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00265-00067835-00068031 existing hold company caterpillar
7KNTuLK23Rg-00266-00068032-00068313 designs the only robust tracked tractors
7KNTuLK23Rg-00267-00068314-00068584 available in 1915 into a fighting
7KNTuLK23Rg-00268-00068585-00068842 machine as France and Germany did was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00269-00068843-00069180 decided against while armor and weapons
7KNTuLK23Rg-00270-00069181-00069385 systems were easy to acquire other
7KNTuLK23Rg-00271-00069386-00069618 existing caterpillar and suspension
7KNTuLK23Rg-00272-00069619-00069853 units were too weak existing engines
7KNTuLK23Rg-00273-00069854-00070036 were underpowered for the vehicles that
7KNTuLK23Rg-00274-00070037-00070261 the designers had in mind and trench
7KNTuLK23Rg-00275-00070262-00070486 crossing ability was poor because of the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00276-00070487-00070771 shortness of the wheelbase the Kill and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00277-00070772-00070980 straight tractor with three tracks was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00278-00070981-00071193 used for the first experiments in June
7KNTuLK23Rg-00279-00071194-00071412 but was much too small to be developed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00280-00071413-00071722 further the large pad rail mono track
7KNTuLK23Rg-00281-00071723-00071919 vehicle was proposed in a number of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00282-00071920-00072154 different configurations but none were
7KNTuLK23Rg-00283-00072155-00072501 adopted trials - couple - American
7KNTuLK23Rg-00284-00072502-00072661 Bullock tractors failed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00285-00072662-00072916 there also were considerable differences
7KNTuLK23Rg-00286-00072917-00073111 of opinion between the several committee
7KNTuLK23Rg-00287-00073112-00073561 members call Reeb Crompton a veteran
7KNTuLK23Rg-00288-00073562-00073824 military engineer and electrical pioneer
7KNTuLK23Rg-00289-00073825-00074071 drafted numerous designs with Lucian leg
7KNTuLK23Rg-00290-00074072-00074305 rows for armored troop carrying vehicles
7KNTuLK23Rg-00291-00074306-00074517 and gun armed vehicles to have used
7KNTuLK23Rg-00292-00074518-00074740 either Bullock tracks or variants of the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00293-00074741-00075097 pad rail at the same time LT Robert
7KNTuLK23Rg-00294-00075098-00075421 McPhee of the RNAs and Albert ness field
7KNTuLK23Rg-00295-00075422-00075669 and Ealing based engineer devised a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00296-00075670-00075847 number of armoured tracked vehicles
7KNTuLK23Rg-00297-00075848-00076062 which incorporated an angled front
7KNTuLK23Rg-00298-00076063-00076435 climbing face to the tracks the two men
7KNTuLK23Rg-00299-00076436-00076666 fell out bitterly as their plans came to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00300-00076667-00076912 naught McPhee in particular pursued a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00301-00076913-00077088 vendetta against the other members of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00302-00077089-00077394 the landships committee after the war to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00303-00077395-00077580 resolve the threatened dissipation of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00304-00077581-00077824 effort it was ordered in late July that
7KNTuLK23Rg-00305-00077825-00078037 a contract was to be placed with William
7KNTuLK23Rg-00306-00078038-00078318 Foster & Co limited a company having
7KNTuLK23Rg-00307-00078319-00078541 done some pre-war design work on heavy
7KNTuLK23Rg-00308-00078542-00078750 tractors and known to Churchill from an
7KNTuLK23Rg-00309-00078751-00078924 earlier experiment with a trench
7KNTuLK23Rg-00310-00078925-00079167 crossing supply vehicle to produce a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00311-00079168-00079396 proof-of-concept vehicle with two tracks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00312-00079397-00079629 based on a lengthened Bullock tractor
7KNTuLK23Rg-00313-00079630-00079954 chassis construction work began three
7KNTuLK23Rg-00314-00079955-00080107 weeks later
7KNTuLK23Rg-00315-00080108-00080311 sisters of Lincoln built the 14-ton
7KNTuLK23Rg-00316-00080312-00080572 Little Willie which first ran on the 8th
7KNTuLK23Rg-00317-00080573-00080977 of September powered by a 105 horsepower
7KNTuLK23Rg-00318-00080978-00081343 78 kilowatts Daimler engine the 10 foot
7KNTuLK23Rg-00319-00081344-00081367 high
7KNTuLK23Rg-00320-00081368-00081688 3.0 meters are Murdock's was initially
7KNTuLK23Rg-00321-00081689-00081936 fitted with a low bullet Caterpillar a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00322-00081937-00082183 rotating top turret was planned with a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00323-00082184-00082423 40 millimetres gun but abandoned due to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00324-00082424-00082639 weight problems leaving the final
7KNTuLK23Rg-00325-00082640-00082837 vehicle unarmed and little more than a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00326-00082838-00083133 testbed for the difficult track system
7KNTuLK23Rg-00327-00083134-00083359 difficulties with the commercial tracks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00328-00083360-00083557 supplied led to Tritton designing a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00329-00083558-00083770 completely new track system different
7KNTuLK23Rg-00330-00083771-00084001 from and vastly more robust than any
7KNTuLK23Rg-00331-00084002-00084355 other system than in use the next design
7KNTuLK23Rg-00332-00084356-00084655 by lieutenant Walter Gordon Wilson RNAs
7KNTuLK23Rg-00333-00084656-00084940 a pre-war motor engineer added a larger
7KNTuLK23Rg-00334-00084941-00085195 track frame to the hull of Little Willie
7KNTuLK23Rg-00335-00085196-00085495 in order to achieve the demanded gap
7KNTuLK23Rg-00336-00085496-00085740 clearance a rhomboid alape was chosen
7KNTuLK23Rg-00337-00085741-00085987 stretching the form to improve the track
7KNTuLK23Rg-00338-00085988-00086311 footprint and climbing capacity to keep
7KNTuLK23Rg-00339-00086312-00086530 a low center of gravity the rotating
7KNTuLK23Rg-00340-00086531-00086728 turret design was dropped in favour of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00341-00086729-00086953 sponsons on the sides of the hull fitted
7KNTuLK23Rg-00342-00086954-00087250 with naval six pounder 57 millimetres
7KNTuLK23Rg-00343-00087251-00087622 guns a final specification was agreed on
7KNTuLK23Rg-00344-00087623-00087882 in late September for trials in early
7KNTuLK23Rg-00345-00087883-00088225 1916 and the resulting 30 tonne Big
7KNTuLK23Rg-00346-00088226-00088453 Willie later called
7KNTuLK23Rg-00347-00088454-00088827 mother together with Little Willie
7KNTuLK23Rg-00348-00088828-00089125 underwent trials at Hatfield Park on the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00349-00089126-00089353 29th of January and the second of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00350-00089354-00089466 February
7KNTuLK23Rg-00351-00089467-00089743 attendees at the second trial included
7KNTuLK23Rg-00352-00089744-00089932 Lord Kitchener Lloyd George
7KNTuLK23Rg-00353-00089933-00090142 Reginald McKenna and other political
7KNTuLK23Rg-00354-00090143-00090502 luminaries on the 12th of February an
7KNTuLK23Rg-00355-00090503-00090853 initial order for 100 mother type
7KNTuLK23Rg-00356-00090854-00091275 vehicles was made later expanded to 150
7KNTuLK23Rg-00357-00091276-00091654 crews never called tanks Willy's at
7KNTuLK23Rg-00358-00091655-00091942 first they referred to them as land
7KNTuLK23Rg-00359-00091943-00092317 ships and later informally buses
7KNTuLK23Rg-00360-00092318-00092578 although landship was a natural term
7KNTuLK23Rg-00361-00092579-00092788 coming from an admiralty committee it
7KNTuLK23Rg-00362-00092789-00093004 was considered too descriptive and could
7KNTuLK23Rg-00363-00093005-00093271 give away British intentions the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00364-00093272-00093482 committee therefore looked for an a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00365-00093483-00093691 appropriate code term for the vehicles
7KNTuLK23Rg-00366-00093692-00093998 factory workers assembling the vehicles
7KNTuLK23Rg-00367-00093999-00094268 had been told they were producing mobile
7KNTuLK23Rg-00368-00094269-00094589 water tanks for desert warfare in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00369-00094590-00094853 Mesopotamia water container was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00370-00094854-00095006 therefore considered but rejected
7KNTuLK23Rg-00371-00095007-00095180 because the committee would inevitably
7KNTuLK23Rg-00372-00095181-00095546 be known as the WC Committee WC meaning
7KNTuLK23Rg-00373-00095547-00095783 water closet was a common British term
7KNTuLK23Rg-00374-00095784-00095888 for a toilet
7KNTuLK23Rg-00375-00095889-00096215 the term tank as in water tank was in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00376-00096216-00096536 December 1915 finally accepted as its
7KNTuLK23Rg-00377-00096537-00096872 official designation from then on the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00378-00096873-00097238 term tank was established among British
7KNTuLK23Rg-00379-00097239-00097553 and also German soldiers while in German
7KNTuLK23Rg-00380-00097554-00097766 tanks specifically refers to the world
7KNTuLK23Rg-00381-00097767-00098051 war 1 type as opposed to modern Panzer
7KNTuLK23Rg-00382-00098052-00098300 in English Russian and other languages
7KNTuLK23Rg-00383-00098301-00098522 the name even for contemporary armoured
7KNTuLK23Rg-00384-00098523-00098773 vehicles is still based on the word tank
7KNTuLK23Rg-00385-00098774-00099107 it is sometimes mistakenly stated that
7KNTuLK23Rg-00386-00099108-00099350 after completion the tanks were shipped
7KNTuLK23Rg-00387-00099351-00099662 to France in large wooden crates for
7KNTuLK23Rg-00388-00099663-00099896 secrecy and in order to not arouse any
7KNTuLK23Rg-00389-00099897-00100133 curiosity the crates and the tanks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00390-00100134-00100322 themselves were then each labeled with a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00391-00100323-00100589 destination in Russian with care to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00392-00100590-00100697 Petrograd
7KNTuLK23Rg-00393-00100698-00101009 in fact the tanks were never shipped in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00394-00101010-00101240 crates the inscription in Russian was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00395-00101241-00101444 applied on the hull for their transport
7KNTuLK23Rg-00396-00101445-00101621 from the factory to the first training
7KNTuLK23Rg-00397-00101622-00101990 center at Bedford the first 50 had been
7KNTuLK23Rg-00398-00101991-00102188 delivered to France on the 30th of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00399-00102189-00102521 August they were male or female
7KNTuLK23Rg-00400-00102522-00102740 depending upon whether their armament
7KNTuLK23Rg-00401-00102741-00102965 comprised two six pounder cannon and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00402-00102966-00103178 three Hotchkiss machine guns or four
7KNTuLK23Rg-00403-00103179-00103407 Vickers machine guns and one Hotchkiss
7KNTuLK23Rg-00404-00103408-00103708 it had a crew of eight four of whom were
7KNTuLK23Rg-00405-00103709-00103916 needed to handle the steering and drive
7KNTuLK23Rg-00406-00103917-00104269 gears the tanks were capable of at best
7KNTuLK23Rg-00407-00104270-00104683 6 km/h 4 miles per hour matching the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00408-00104684-00104870 speed of marching infantry with whom
7KNTuLK23Rg-00409-00104871-00105065 they were to be integrated to aid in the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00410-00105066-00105346 destruction of enemy machine guns in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00411-00105347-00105583 practice their speed on the broken
7KNTuLK23Rg-00412-00105584-00105791 ground could be as little as one mile
7KNTuLK23Rg-00413-00105792-00106088 per hour after the war the Royal
7KNTuLK23Rg-00414-00106089-00106283 Commission on awards to inventors
7KNTuLK23Rg-00415-00106283-00106493 decided that the principle inventors of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00416-00106494-00106664 the tank were Sir William Tritton
7KNTuLK23Rg-00417-00106665-00106879 managing director of Foster
7KNTuLK23Rg-00418-00106880-00107231 and major Walter Gordon Wilson Foster's
7KNTuLK23Rg-00419-00107232-00107476 return to manufacturing traction engines
7KNTuLK23Rg-00420-00107477-00107710 and steam lorries but incorporated a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00421-00107711-00107950 small trademark outline image of a tank
7KNTuLK23Rg-00422-00107951-00108151 on the front smoke box tour of their
7KNTuLK23Rg-00423-00108152-00108475 post-war Road locomotives during World
7KNTuLK23Rg-00424-00108476-00108719 War two tripping and Wilson were called
7KNTuLK23Rg-00425-00108720-00108952 upon to design a heavy tank which was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00426-00108953-00109336 known as t OG one named for the old gang
7KNTuLK23Rg-00427-00109337-00109595 but this was not a success
7KNTuLK23Rg-00428-00109596-00109888 however Lincoln City erected a full-size
7KNTuLK23Rg-00429-00109889-00110152 outline mk1 as a memorial to the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00430-00110153-00110440 invention of the tank in 2015 and placed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00431-00110441-00111228 it on the Tritton Road roundabout dot
7KNTuLK23Rg-00432-00111229-00111840 topic first deployments
7KNTuLK23Rg-00433-00111841-00112050 the first use of tanks on the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00434-00112051-00112263 battlefield was the use of British mark
7KNTuLK23Rg-00435-00112264-00112433 when tanks at the Battle of Flers
7KNTuLK23Rg-00436-00112434-00112629 courselet part of the Battle of the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00437-00112630-00112980 Somme on the 15th of September 1916 with
7KNTuLK23Rg-00438-00112981-00113094 mixed results
7KNTuLK23Rg-00439-00113095-00113316 many broke down but nearly a third
7KNTuLK23Rg-00440-00113317-00113652 succeeded in breaking through of the 49
7KNTuLK23Rg-00441-00113653-00113928 tanks shipped to the some only 32 were
7KNTuLK23Rg-00442-00113929-00114147 able to begin the first attack in which
7KNTuLK23Rg-00443-00114148-00114351 they were used and only nine made it
7KNTuLK23Rg-00444-00114352-00114747 across no-man's land to the German lines
7KNTuLK23Rg-00445-00114748-00114996 the tanks had been rushed into combat
7KNTuLK23Rg-00446-00114997-00115176 before the design was mature enough
7KNTuLK23Rg-00447-00115177-00115383 against Churchill's and earnest
7KNTuLK23Rg-00448-00115383-00115575 Swinton's wishes and the number was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00449-00115576-00115764 small but their use give important
7KNTuLK23Rg-00450-00115765-00115992 feedback on how to design newer tanks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00451-00115993-00116214 the soundness of the concept and their
7KNTuLK23Rg-00452-00116215-00116400 potential to affect the course of the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00453-00116401-00116724 war on the other hand the French army
7KNTuLK23Rg-00454-00116725-00116919 was critical of the British employment
7KNTuLK23Rg-00455-00116920-00117143 of small numbers of Tanks at this battle
7KNTuLK23Rg-00456-00117144-00117450 they felt the British had sacrificed the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00457-00117451-00117666 secrecy of the weapon while employing it
7KNTuLK23Rg-00458-00117667-00117944 in numbers too small to be decisive
7KNTuLK23Rg-00459-00117945-00118170 considering that the British attack was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00460-00118171-00118385 part of an anglo-french offensive while
7KNTuLK23Rg-00461-00118386-00118578 the Russians were also attacking at the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00462-00118579-00118833 same time Haig felt justified in making
7KNTuLK23Rg-00463-00118833-00119064 a maximum effort regardless of the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00464-00119065-00119415 limitations of the tank force the mark
7KNTuLK23Rg-00465-00119416-00119616 is were capable of performing on the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00466-00119617-00119877 real battlefield of World War one one of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00467-00119878-00120083 the most difficult battlefield terrains
7KNTuLK23Rg-00468-00120084-00120423 ever they did have reliability problems
7KNTuLK23Rg-00469-00120424-00120594 but when they were working they could
7KNTuLK23Rg-00470-00120595-00120945 cross trenches or craters of 9 feet 2.7
7KNTuLK23Rg-00471-00120946-00121143 meters and drive right through barbed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00472-00121144-00121452 wire it was still common for them to get
7KNTuLK23Rg-00473-00121453-00121719 stuck especially in larger bomb craters
7KNTuLK23Rg-00474-00121720-00121944 but overall the rhomboid shape allowed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00475-00121945-00122313 for extreme terrain mobility tank crews
7KNTuLK23Rg-00476-00122314-00122532 who had read press reports depicting the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00477-00122533-00122730 new weapon driving through buildings and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00478-00122731-00122960 trees and crossing wide rivers were
7KNTuLK23Rg-00479-00122961-00123300 disappointed most World War when tanks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00480-00123301-00123501 could travel only at about a walking
7KNTuLK23Rg-00481-00123502-00123813 pace at best their steel armor could
7KNTuLK23Rg-00482-00123814-00124065 stop small arms fire and fragments from
7KNTuLK23Rg-00483-00124066-00124307 high-explosive artillery shells
7KNTuLK23Rg-00484-00124308-00124593 however they were vulnerable to a direct
7KNTuLK23Rg-00485-00124594-00124917 hit from artillery and mortar shells the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00486-00124918-00125130 environment inside was extremely
7KNTuLK23Rg-00487-00125131-00125225 unpleasant
7KNTuLK23Rg-00488-00125226-00125402 as ventilation was inadequate the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00489-00125403-00125603 atmosphere was heavy with poisonous
7KNTuLK23Rg-00490-00125604-00125807 carbon monoxide from the engine and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00491-00125808-00126069 firing the weapons fuel and oil vapors
7KNTuLK23Rg-00492-00126070-00126272 from the engine and cordite fumes from
7KNTuLK23Rg-00493-00126273-00126572 the weapons temperatures inside could
7KNTuLK23Rg-00494-00126573-00126920 reach 50 degrees Celsius 122 degrees
7KNTuLK23Rg-00495-00126921-00127214 Fahrenheit entire crews lost
7KNTuLK23Rg-00496-00127215-00127424 consciousness inside the tanks or
7KNTuLK23Rg-00497-00127425-00127644 collapsed when again exposed to fresh
7KNTuLK23Rg-00498-00127645-00127934 air crews learned how to create and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00499-00127935-00128186 leave behind supply dumps of fuel motor
7KNTuLK23Rg-00500-00128187-00128432 oil and tread grease and converted
7KNTuLK23Rg-00501-00128433-00128696 obsolete models into supply vehicles for
7KNTuLK23Rg-00502-00128697-00128903 newer ones to counter the danger of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00503-00128904-00129119 bullets splash or fragments knocked off
7KNTuLK23Rg-00504-00129120-00129326 the inside of the hull the crew wore
7KNTuLK23Rg-00505-00129327-00129640 helmets with goggles and chainmail masks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00506-00129641-00129896 fragments were not as dangerous as fire
7KNTuLK23Rg-00507-00129897-00130145 because of explosive fumes and the large
7KNTuLK23Rg-00508-00130146-00130370 amount of fuel aboard smoking was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00509-00130371-00130607 prohibited inside and within 20 yards
7KNTuLK23Rg-00510-00130608-00130961 outside tanks gas masks were also
7KNTuLK23Rg-00511-00130962-00131156 standard-issue as they were to all
7KNTuLK23Rg-00512-00131157-00131369 soldiers at this point in the war due to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00513-00131370-00131675 the use of chemical warfare the side
7KNTuLK23Rg-00514-00131676-00131915 armor of 8 millimeters initially made
7KNTuLK23Rg-00515-00131916-00132137 them largely immune to small arms fire
7KNTuLK23Rg-00516-00132138-00132386 but could be penetrated by the recently
7KNTuLK23Rg-00517-00132387-00132631 developed armor-piercing cable it's
7KNTuLK23Rg-00518-00132632-00132890 there was also the danger of being
7KNTuLK23Rg-00519-00132891-00133121 overrun by infantry and attacked with
7KNTuLK23Rg-00520-00133122-00133463 grenades the next generation had thicker
7KNTuLK23Rg-00521-00133464-00133715 armor making them nearly immune to the K
7KNTuLK23Rg-00522-00133716-00134039 bullets in response the Germans
7KNTuLK23Rg-00523-00134040-00134219 developed a larger purpose made
7KNTuLK23Rg-00524-00134220-00134462 anti-tank rifle the three point seven
7KNTuLK23Rg-00525-00134463-00134804 centimeters top 1918 anti-tank gun and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00526-00134805-00135133 also a cobalt Liang Bunch charged
7KNTuLK23Rg-00527-00135134-00135431 several regular stick grenades bundled
7KNTuLK23Rg-00528-00135432-00135703 together for a much bigger explosion
7KNTuLK23Rg-00529-00135704-00136028 engine power was a primary limitation on
7KNTuLK23Rg-00530-00136029-00136277 the tanks the roughly 100 horsepower
7KNTuLK23Rg-00531-00136278-00136535 engines gave a power-to-weight ratio of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00532-00136536-00137108 3.3 horsepower ton to 5 kilowatts ton by
7KNTuLK23Rg-00533-00137109-00137273 the end of the 20th century
7KNTuLK23Rg-00534-00137274-00137552 power-to-weight ratios exceeded 20
7KNTuLK23Rg-00535-00137553-00137956 horsepower ton 15 kilowatts ton
7KNTuLK23Rg-00536-00137957-00138150 many feel that because the British
7KNTuLK23Rg-00537-00138151-00138360 commander Field Marshal Douglas Haig was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00538-00138361-00138627 himself a horse cavalry man his command
7KNTuLK23Rg-00539-00138628-00138873 failed to appreciate the value of Tanks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00540-00138874-00139243 in fact horse cavalry Doctrine in World
7KNTuLK23Rg-00541-00139244-00139500 War one was to follow up a breakthrough
7KNTuLK23Rg-00542-00139501-00139843 with harassing attacks in the rear but
7KNTuLK23Rg-00543-00139844-00139996 there were no breakthroughs on the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00544-00139997-00140271 Western Front until the tanks came along
7KNTuLK23Rg-00545-00140272-00140569 despite these supposed views of Haig he
7KNTuLK23Rg-00546-00140570-00140823 made an order for 1,000 tanks shortly
7KNTuLK23Rg-00547-00140824-00141036 after the failure at the sum and always
7KNTuLK23Rg-00548-00141037-00141234 remained firmly in favor of further
7KNTuLK23Rg-00549-00141235-00141694 production in 1919 Major General Sir
7KNTuLK23Rg-00550-00141695-00141957 Louis Jackson said the tank was a freak
7KNTuLK23Rg-00551-00141958-00142266 the circumstances which called it into
7KNTuLK23Rg-00552-00142267-00142471 existence were exceptional and not
7KNTuLK23Rg-00553-00142472-00142803 likely to recur if they do they can be
7KNTuLK23Rg-00554-00142804-00143481 dealt with by other means
7KNTuLK23Rg-00555-00143482-00144106 topic French developments
7KNTuLK23Rg-00556-00144107-00144355 France at the same time developed its
7KNTuLK23Rg-00557-00144356-00144646 own tract AFVs but the situation there
7KNTuLK23Rg-00558-00144647-00144955 was very different in Britain a single
7KNTuLK23Rg-00559-00144956-00145204 committee had coordinated design and had
7KNTuLK23Rg-00560-00145205-00145411 to overcome the initial resistance of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00561-00145412-00145615 the army while the major industries
7KNTuLK23Rg-00562-00145616-00145915 remained passive almost all production
7KNTuLK23Rg-00563-00145916-00146146 effort was thus concentrated into the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00564-00146147-00146386 mark when in its direct successors all
7KNTuLK23Rg-00565-00146387-00146737 very similar in shape in France on the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00566-00146738-00146953 other hand there were multiple and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00567-00146954-00147151 conflicting lines of development which
7KNTuLK23Rg-00568-00147152-00147403 were badly integrated resulting in three
7KNTuLK23Rg-00569-00147404-00147613 major and quite disparate production
7KNTuLK23Rg-00570-00147614-00147958 types a major arms producer Schneider
7KNTuLK23Rg-00571-00147959-00148294 took the lead in January 1915 and tried
7KNTuLK23Rg-00572-00148295-00148486 to build a first armored vehicle based
7KNTuLK23Rg-00573-00148487-00148729 on the baby hold tractor but initially
7KNTuLK23Rg-00574-00148730-00148951 the development process was slow until
7KNTuLK23Rg-00575-00148952-00149194 in July they received political even
7KNTuLK23Rg-00576-00149195-00149437 presidential support by combining their
7KNTuLK23Rg-00577-00149438-00149644 project with that of a mechanical wire
7KNTuLK23Rg-00578-00149645-00149845 cutter devised by engineer and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00579-00149846-00150210 politician jean-louis Braden in December
7KNTuLK23Rg-00580-00150211-00150550 1915 the influential colonel stn made
7KNTuLK23Rg-00581-00150551-00150784 the supreme command very enthusiastic
7KNTuLK23Rg-00582-00150785-00150991 about the idea of creating an armored
7KNTuLK23Rg-00583-00150992-00151222 force based on these vehicles strong
7KNTuLK23Rg-00584-00151223-00151456 army support for tanks was a constant
7KNTuLK23Rg-00585-00151457-00151693 during the decades that followed already
7KNTuLK23Rg-00586-00151694-00152074 in January in February 1916 quite
7KNTuLK23Rg-00587-00152075-00152284 substantial orders were made at that
7KNTuLK23Rg-00588-00152285-00152536 moment with a total number of 800 much
7KNTuLK23Rg-00589-00152537-00152857 larger than the British ones army
7KNTuLK23Rg-00590-00152858-00153100 enthusiasm in haste had its immediate
7KNTuLK23Rg-00591-00153101-00153364 drawbacks however as a result of the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00592-00153365-00153565 involvement of inexperienced army
7KNTuLK23Rg-00593-00153566-00153778 officers ordered to devise a new tank
7KNTuLK23Rg-00594-00153779-00153964 based on the larger seventy-five
7KNTuLK23Rg-00595-00153965-00154210 horsepower hold chassis in a very short
7KNTuLK23Rg-00596-00154211-00154468 period of time the first French tanks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00597-00154469-00154669 were poorly designed with respect to the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00598-00154670-00154876 need to cross trenches and did not take
7KNTuLK23Rg-00599-00154877-00155038 the sponson mounting route of the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00600-00155039-00155344 British tanks the first the charr
7KNTuLK23Rg-00601-00155345-00155623 schneider CA equipped with a short 75
7KNTuLK23Rg-00602-00155624-00155848 millimetres howitzer had poor mobility
7KNTuLK23Rg-00603-00155849-00156088 due to a short track length combined
7KNTuLK23Rg-00604-00156089-00156310 with a hole that overhung front and rear
7KNTuLK23Rg-00605-00156311-00156682 it was unreliable as well a maximum of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00606-00156683-00156991 only about 130 of the 400 built were
7KNTuLK23Rg-00607-00156992-00157309 ever operational at the same time then
7KNTuLK23Rg-00608-00157310-00157498 industrial rivalry began to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00609-00157499-00157720 play a detrimental role it created the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00610-00157721-00157954 heavy char Street sha meant a parallel
7KNTuLK23Rg-00611-00157955-00158188 development not ordered by the army but
7KNTuLK23Rg-00612-00158189-00158332 approved by government through
7KNTuLK23Rg-00613-00158333-00158578 industrial lobby which mounted much more
7KNTuLK23Rg-00614-00158579-00158904 impressive weaponry it's 75 millimeters
7KNTuLK23Rg-00615-00158905-00159145 was the most powerful gun fielded by any
7KNTuLK23Rg-00616-00159146-00159541 operational tank up till 1941 but also
7KNTuLK23Rg-00617-00159542-00159757 combined many of the Schneider ca'se
7KNTuLK23Rg-00618-00159758-00159973 faults with an even larger overhanging
7KNTuLK23Rg-00619-00159974-00160306 body its innovative petrol electrical
7KNTuLK23Rg-00620-00160307-00160513 transmission while allowing for easy
7KNTuLK23Rg-00621-00160514-00160704 steering was insufficiently developed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00622-00160705-00161028 and led to a large number of breakdowns
7KNTuLK23Rg-00623-00161029-00161332 but industrial initiative also led to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00624-00161333-00161641 Swift advances the car industry already
7KNTuLK23Rg-00625-00161642-00161881 used to vehicle mass production and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00626-00161882-00162106 having much more experience in vehicle
7KNTuLK23Rg-00627-00162107-00162385 layout in 1916 designed the first
7KNTuLK23Rg-00628-00162386-00162646 practical light tanks a-class largely
7KNTuLK23Rg-00629-00162647-00162946 neglected by the British it was renault
7KNTuLK23Rg-00630-00162947-00163239 x' excellent small tank design the FT
7KNTuLK23Rg-00631-00163240-00163498 incorporating a proper climbing face for
7KNTuLK23Rg-00632-00163499-00163716 the tracks that was the first tank to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00633-00163717-00163939 incorporate a top mounted turret with a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00634-00163940-00164344 full 360 degrees Traverse capability in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00635-00164345-00164623 fact the FT was in many respects the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00636-00164624-00164893 first truly modern tank having a layout
7KNTuLK23Rg-00637-00164894-00165088 that has been followed by almost all
7KNTuLK23Rg-00638-00165089-00165337 designs ever since driver at the front
7KNTuLK23Rg-00639-00165338-00165598 main armament in a fully rotating turret
7KNTuLK23Rg-00640-00165599-00165910 on top engine at the rear previous
7KNTuLK23Rg-00641-00165911-00166309 models had been box tanks with a single
7KNTuLK23Rg-00642-00166310-00166491 crowded space combining the role of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00643-00166492-00166704 engine room fighting compartment
7KNTuLK23Rg-00644-00166705-00166989 ammunition stock and driver's cabin a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00645-00166990-00167353 very similar Pujo prototype with a fixed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00646-00167354-00167575 case mate mounting a short 75
7KNTuLK23Rg-00647-00167576-00167884 millimetres cannon was trialed in 1918
7KNTuLK23Rg-00648-00167885-00168259 but the idea was not pursued the FT had
7KNTuLK23Rg-00649-00168260-00168472 the largest production run of any tank
7KNTuLK23Rg-00650-00168473-00168829 of the war with over 3,700 built more
7KNTuLK23Rg-00651-00168830-00169068 numerous than all British tanks combined
7KNTuLK23Rg-00652-00169069-00169360 that this would happen was at first far
7KNTuLK23Rg-00653-00169361-00169558 from certain some in the French army
7KNTuLK23Rg-00654-00169559-00169747 lobbied for the alternative mass
7KNTuLK23Rg-00655-00169748-00170003 production of super-heavy tanks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00656-00170004-00170264 much design effort was put in this line
7KNTuLK23Rg-00657-00170265-00170480 of development resulting in the gigantic
7KNTuLK23Rg-00658-00170481-00170738 chart to see the most complex and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00659-00170739-00171002 technologically advanced tank of its day
7KNTuLK23Rg-00660-00171003-00171287 it's very complexity ensured at being
7KNTuLK23Rg-00661-00171288-00171506 produced too late to participate in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00662-00171507-00171698 World War one and in the very small
7KNTuLK23Rg-00663-00171699-00171923 number of just ten but it was the first
7KNTuLK23Rg-00664-00171924-00172115 tank with a three-man turret the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00665-00172116-00172343 heaviest to enter service until late in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00666-00172344-00172579 World War two and still the largest ever
7KNTuLK23Rg-00667-00172580-00172937 operational French production at first
7KNTuLK23Rg-00668-00172938-00173218 lagged behind the British after August
7KNTuLK23Rg-00669-00173219-00173555 1916 however British tank manufacturer
7KNTuLK23Rg-00670-00173556-00173753 was temporarily halted to wait for
7KNTuLK23Rg-00671-00173754-00173966 better designs allowing the French to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00672-00173967-00174263 overtake their allies in numbers when
7KNTuLK23Rg-00673-00174264-00174476 the French used tanks for the first time
7KNTuLK23Rg-00674-00174477-00174803 on the 16th of April 1917 during the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00675-00174804-00175016 Nivelle offensive they had four times
7KNTuLK23Rg-00676-00175017-00175325 more tanks available but that did not
7KNTuLK23Rg-00677-00175326-00175550 last long as the offensive was a major
7KNTuLK23Rg-00678-00175551-00175748 failure the Schneider's were badly
7KNTuLK23Rg-00679-00175749-00176036 deployed and suffered 50% losses from
7KNTuLK23Rg-00680-00176037-00176348 German long-range artillery the Saint
7KNTuLK23Rg-00681-00176349-00176591 Xiamen tanks first deployed on the 5th
7KNTuLK23Rg-00682-00176592-00176828 of May proved to be so badly designed
7KNTuLK23Rg-00683-00176829-00177017 that they were unable to cross the first
7KNTuLK23Rg-00684-00177018-00177701 line of German trenches
7KNTuLK23Rg-00685-00177702-00178334 topic German developments
7KNTuLK23Rg-00686-00178335-00178607 Germany concentrated more on the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00687-00178608-00178811 element of anti-tank weapons than on
7KNTuLK23Rg-00688-00178812-00179108 development of Tanks themselves they
7KNTuLK23Rg-00689-00179109-00179336 only developed one type of tank which
7KNTuLK23Rg-00690-00179337-00179708 saw combat in the war the a7v Sturm
7KNTuLK23Rg-00691-00179709-00180004 Panzer wagon was designed in 1917 and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00692-00180005-00180338 was used in battle from March 1918 it
7KNTuLK23Rg-00693-00180339-00180628 was manned by a crew of 18 and had eight
7KNTuLK23Rg-00694-00180629-00180938 machine guns and a 57 millimeters cannon
7KNTuLK23Rg-00695-00180939-00181307 only twenty a 7vs were produced during
7KNTuLK23Rg-00696-00181308-00181841 the war
7KNTuLK23Rg-00697-00181842-00182443 topic battle of calm Bray
7KNTuLK23Rg-00698-00182444-00182701 the first battle in which tanks made a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00699-00182702-00182905 great impact was the Battle of Cambrai
7KNTuLK23Rg-00700-00182906-00183484 in 1917 British Colonel JFC fuller chief
7KNTuLK23Rg-00701-00183485-00183670 of staff of the tank corps was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00702-00183671-00183880 responsible for the tanks role in the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00703-00183881-00184113 battle they made an unprecedented
7KNTuLK23Rg-00704-00184114-00184363 breakthrough but as ever on the Western
7KNTuLK23Rg-00705-00184364-00184695 Front the opportunity was not exploited
7KNTuLK23Rg-00706-00184696-00184921 ironically it was the soon to be
7KNTuLK23Rg-00707-00184922-00185137 supplanted horse cavalry that had been
7KNTuLK23Rg-00708-00185138-00185323 assigned the task of following up the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00709-00185324-00185593 motorized tank attack tanks became more
7KNTuLK23Rg-00710-00185594-00185770 effective as the lesson of the early
7KNTuLK23Rg-00711-00185771-00186079 tanks was absorbed the British produced
7KNTuLK23Rg-00712-00186080-00186433 the mark for in 1917 similar to the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00713-00186434-00186622 early marks in appearance its
7KNTuLK23Rg-00714-00186623-00186844 construction was considered to produce a
7KNTuLK23Rg-00715-00186845-00187087 more reliable machine the long barreled
7KNTuLK23Rg-00716-00187088-00187315 naval guns were shortened the barrels of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00717-00187316-00187525 the earlier longer guns were prone to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00718-00187526-00187711 digging in the mud when negotiating
7KNTuLK23Rg-00719-00187712-00187969 obstacles and armour was increased just
7KNTuLK23Rg-00720-00187970-00188167 enough to defeat the standard German
7KNTuLK23Rg-00721-00188168-00188515 armor-piercing bullet the continued need
7KNTuLK23Rg-00722-00188516-00188713 for four men to drive the tank was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00723-00188714-00188899 solved with the mark 5 which used
7KNTuLK23Rg-00724-00188900-00189322 Wilson's epicyclic gearing in 1918 also
7KNTuLK23Rg-00725-00189323-00189580 in 1918 the French produced the Renault
7KNTuLK23Rg-00726-00189581-00189835 ft the result of a cooperation between
7KNTuLK23Rg-00727-00189836-00190171 stn and Louis Renault as mentioned
7KNTuLK23Rg-00728-00190172-00190384 before it had the innovative turret
7KNTuLK23Rg-00729-00190385-00190684 position and was operated by two men at
7KNTuLK23Rg-00730-00190685-00190951 just 8 tons it was half the weight of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00731-00190952-00191134 the medium a whippet but the version
7KNTuLK23Rg-00732-00191135-00191404 with the cannon had more firepower it
7KNTuLK23Rg-00733-00191405-00191650 was conceived for mass production and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00734-00191651-00191899 the FT became the most produced tank of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00735-00191900-00192157 World War one by a wide margin with over
7KNTuLK23Rg-00736-00192158-00192499 3000 delivered to the French army large
7KNTuLK23Rg-00737-00192500-00192742 numbers were used by the Americans and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00738-00192743-00193017 several were also lent to the British in
7KNTuLK23Rg-00739-00193018-00193483 July 1918 the French used 480 tanks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00740-00193484-00193810 mostly FTS at the Battle of soir Sun and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00741-00193811-00194023 there were even larger assaults planned
7KNTuLK23Rg-00742-00194024-00194446 for the next year in plan 1919 the Anton
7KNTuLK23Rg-00743-00194447-00194701 hoped to commit over 30,000 tanks to
7KNTuLK23Rg-00744-00194702-00195323 battle in that year
7KNTuLK23Rg-00745-00195324-00195857 topic whip it
7KNTuLK23Rg-00746-00195858-00196076 finally in a preview of later
7KNTuLK23Rg-00747-00196077-00196313 developments the British developed the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00748-00196314-00196592 Whippet this tank was specifically
7KNTuLK23Rg-00749-00196593-00196799 designed to exploit breaches in the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00750-00196800-00197000 enemy front with its relatively higher
7KNTuLK23Rg-00751-00197001-00197315 speed around 8 miles per hour versus 3
7KNTuLK23Rg-00752-00197316-00197516 to 4 miles per hour for the British
7KNTuLK23Rg-00753-00197517-00197831 heavy tanks the Whippet was faster than
7KNTuLK23Rg-00754-00197832-00198050 most other tanks although it carried
7KNTuLK23Rg-00755-00198051-00198299 only machine gun armament meaning it was
7KNTuLK23Rg-00756-00198300-00198482 not suited to combat with armoured
7KNTuLK23Rg-00757-00198483-00198736 vehicles but instead with infantry
7KNTuLK23Rg-00758-00198737-00199004 post-war tank designs reflected this
7KNTuLK23Rg-00759-00199005-00199738 trend towards greater tactical mobility
7KNTuLK23Rg-00760-00199739-00200110 topic villers-bretonneux tank against
7KNTuLK23Rg-00761-00200111-00200514 tank
7KNTuLK23Rg-00762-00200515-00200772 the German General Staff did not have
7KNTuLK23Rg-00763-00200773-00201021 enthusiasm for the tanks but allowed the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00764-00201022-00201260 development of anti-tank weapons
7KNTuLK23Rg-00765-00201261-00201564 regardless development of a German tank
7KNTuLK23Rg-00766-00201565-00201849 was underway the only project to be
7KNTuLK23Rg-00767-00201850-00202077 produced and fielded was the a7v
7KNTuLK23Rg-00768-00202078-00202458 although only 20 were built the majority
7KNTuLK23Rg-00769-00202459-00202731 of the 50 or so tanks fielded by Germany
7KNTuLK23Rg-00770-00202732-00203058 were captured British vehicles a seven
7KNTuLK23Rg-00771-00203059-00203292 versus were captured by the Allies but
7KNTuLK23Rg-00772-00203293-00203514 they were not used and most ended up
7KNTuLK23Rg-00773-00203515-00203865 being scrapped the first tank versus
7KNTuLK23Rg-00774-00203866-00204114 tank battles took place the 24th of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00775-00204115-00204440 April 1918 it was an unexpected
7KNTuLK23Rg-00776-00204441-00204765 engagement between three German a7 vs.
7KNTuLK23Rg-00777-00204766-00205083 and three British MK IVs at
7KNTuLK23Rg-00778-00205084-00205490 villers-bretonneux Fuller's plan 1919
7KNTuLK23Rg-00779-00205491-00205734 involving massive use of Tanks for an
7KNTuLK23Rg-00780-00205735-00205944 offensive was never used because the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00781-00205944-00206148 blockade of Germany and the entry of the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00782-00206148-00206846 u.s. brought an end to the war
7KNTuLK23Rg-00783-00206846-00207416 topic see also
7KNTuLK23Rg-00784-00207417-00207839 history of tanks comparison of World War
7KNTuLK23Rg-00785-00207840-00208261 one tanks tanks of the interwar period
7KNTuLK23Rg-00786-00208262-00208688 tanks in World War two comparison of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00787-00208689-00209304 early World War two tanks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00788-00209305-00209930 topic notes and references
7KNTuLK23Rg-00789-00209931-00210407 Glenfield John 2001 divulge chariots the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00790-00210408-00210602 birth and secret battles of the first
7KNTuLK23Rg-00791-00210603-00210919 tanks Stroud Sutton Tucker
7KNTuLK23Rg-00792-00210921-00211219 Spencer Sea World War one the definitive
7KNTuLK23Rg-00793-00211219-00211598 encyclopedia and document collection vol
7KNTuLK23Rg-00794-00211598-00211916 4 RZ 1536
7KNTuLK23Rg-00795-00211917-00213046 Santa Barbara CA abc-clio LLC 2014
7KNTuLK23Rg-00796-00213048-00213619 topic further reading
7KNTuLK23Rg-00797-00213621-00213904 Charles River editors and Colin flex
7KNTuLK23Rg-00798-00213905-00214175 Minh the tanks of World War one the
7KNTuLK23Rg-00799-00214176-00214348 history and legacy of tank warfare
7KNTuLK23Rg-00800-00214350-00214879 during the great war 2017 Foley Michael
7KNTuLK23Rg-00801-00214880-00215182 rise of the tank armored vehicles and
7KNTuLK23Rg-00802-00215183-00215375 their use in the First World War
7KNTuLK23Rg-00803-00215376-00215951 2014 Townsend Reginald T December 1916
7KNTuLK23Rg-00804-00215952-00216452 quote quote tanks and the hose of death
7KNTuLK23Rg-00805-00216453-00216866 quote quote the world's work a history
7KNTuLK23Rg-00806-00216867-00217400 of our time 195 to 207 retrieved the 4th
7KNTuLK23Rg-00807-00217401-00217882 of August 2009 Kaplan Lawrence M Eadie
7KNTuLK23Rg-00808-00217883-00218144 Pershing's tankers personal accounts of
7KNTuLK23Rg-00809-00218144-00218398 the AEF tank corps in world war one
7KNTuLK23Rg-00810-00218398-00218792 University Press of Kentucky 314 pages
7KNTuLK23Rg-00811-00218792-00219271 primary sources memoirs Smithers a Jake
7KNTuLK23Rg-00812-00219273-00219703 hombre the first great tank battle 2014
7KNTuLK23Rg-00813-00219704-00220163 Sailaja Steven J and Tony Bryan French
7KNTuLK23Rg-00814-00220164-00220846 tanks of world war 1 2010
7KNTuLK23Rg-00815-00220848-00221459 topic external links
7KNTuLK23Rg-00816-00221460-00222019 Lancelot des moles tank models ww1 tanks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00817-00222021-00222582 1914 to 1918 kennedy michael david tanks
7KNTuLK23Rg-00818-00222583-00223016 and tank warfare 1914 to 1918 online
7KNTuLK23Rg-00819-00223017-00223278 international encyclopedia of the first
7KNTuLK23Rg-00820-00223279-00223533 world war
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00000-00000012-00000185 alright then you're gonna add a a male
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00001-00000186-00000413 if I'm a handyman they work and you hit
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00002-00000413-00000509 a buddy good luck
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00003-00000509-00000817 now I came off with my heel I gave Matt
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00004-00000818-00001319 didn't care even dogging me boy okay
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00006-00004632-00004879 Roy oh yeah yeah we're named when um
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00007-00004880-00006170 tell ya I am like gum gum we getting way
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00008-00006171-00006909 honey hey hey man do you guys
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00009-00006911-00009093 [Applause]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00010-00009094-00011289 [Laughter]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00011-00011290-00013221 [Laughter]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00012-00013222-00015646 [Laughter]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00014-00019744-00020579 [Applause]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00015-00020580-00022824 [Laughter]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00016-00022825-00025138 [Music]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00017-00025139-00025174 [Applause]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00019-00031814-00034189 [Laughter]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00021-00040442-00040578 [Music]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00022-00040579-00040943 [Applause]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00023-00040944-00042537 [Laughter]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00024-00042538-00044379 [Laughter]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00026-00048282-00048939 [Applause]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00027-00048940-00049003 [Music]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00028-00049004-00049459 [Applause]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00029-00049460-00049765 [Music]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00030-00049766-00052569 [Laughter]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00032-00058383-00060801 [Laughter]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00033-00060802-00061134 [Laughter]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00034-00061135-00061640 [Music]
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00035-00061641-00061922 wait you're basing all they will look
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00036-00061923-00062155 about no I'm
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00037-00062157-00062587 pay $50 mom got it
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00038-00062588-00062956 waving yeah get with you my tongue yeah
7N5Jz8j7ugg-00039-00062957-00063182 yeah
7NpM-eejbT8-00000-00000014-00000371 I know you told your friend you're not
7NpM-eejbT8-00001-00000372-00000867 okay
7NpM-eejbT8-00002-00000868-00001846 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00003-00001847-00002095 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00004-00002096-00002309 to cry
7NpM-eejbT8-00005-00002310-00002873 she'll fade away
7NpM-eejbT8-00006-00002874-00003472 as you fade away
7NpM-eejbT8-00007-00003473-00003731 yeah I'm about to fade away cause every
7NpM-eejbT8-00008-00003732-00003917 time I wake up I feel like it's Monday
7NpM-eejbT8-00009-00003918-00004115 something's going wrong with all the
7NpM-eejbT8-00010-00004116-00004319 chemicals I did my brain all of a sudden
7NpM-eejbT8-00011-00004320-00004535 I don't look at anything the same way
7NpM-eejbT8-00012-00004536-00004769 gotta build up of my thoughts sitting in
7NpM-eejbT8-00013-00004770-00004985 an ashtray I'm sorry that I'm so
7NpM-eejbT8-00014-00004986-00005320 inconvenient okay just let me be me and
7NpM-eejbT8-00015-00005321-00005506 I'll stay out of your way I could see
7NpM-eejbT8-00016-00005507-00005681 the way you look at me I'm such a
7NpM-eejbT8-00017-00005682-00005938 disgrace I never really asked to be
7NpM-eejbT8-00018-00005939-00006161 brought into this place you wanna love
7NpM-eejbT8-00019-00006162-00006400 me well then baby have a taste all the
7NpM-eejbT8-00020-00006401-00006598 highs and the lows no you'll never be
7NpM-eejbT8-00021-00006600-00006942 the same I don't
7NpM-eejbT8-00022-00006943-00009234 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00023-00009235-00010495 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00024-00010496-00010733 to cry
7NpM-eejbT8-00025-00010734-00011043 fade away
7NpM-eejbT8-00026-00011044-00013056 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00027-00013057-00013622 [Applause]
7NpM-eejbT8-00028-00013622-00014263 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00029-00014263-00014572 I think I need now I'm going through
7NpM-eejbT8-00030-00014573-00014826 hell okay
7NpM-eejbT8-00031-00014827-00015426 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00032-00015427-00016022 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00033-00016024-00016343 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00034-00016344-00018894 okay
7NpM-eejbT8-00035-00018895-00019127 to cry
7NpM-eejbT8-00036-00019128-00019441 fade away
7NpM-eejbT8-00037-00019442-00020691 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00038-00020692-00021840 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00039-00021841-00022847 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00040-00022848-00023164 I know you told your friend you're not
7NpM-eejbT8-00041-00023165-00024056 okay
7NpM-eejbT8-00042-00024057-00024894 [Music]
7NpM-eejbT8-00043-00024895-00025076 to cry
7NpM-eejbT8-00044-00025077-00025461 [Music]
7Na5oQldaLY-00000-00000041-00000593 Bosaso Airport IATA BSA ICAO HCM F also
7Na5oQldaLY-00001-00000594-00000802 known as bender Cosima International
7Na5oQldaLY-00002-00000803-00001120 Airport is an airport in Somalia it sits
7Na5oQldaLY-00003-00001121-00001412 at 11 degrees 16 minutes 32 seconds
7Na5oQldaLY-00004-00001413-00001714 north 49 degrees 9 minutes 0 seconds
7Na5oQldaLY-00005-00001716-00001882 east on the outer edge of the city of
7Na5oQldaLY-00006-00001884-00002105 Bosaso the commercial capital of the
7Na5oQldaLY-00007-00002106-00002312 northeastern Puntland macro region and
7Na5oQldaLY-00008-00002313-00002560 adjacent to the Gulf of Aden it is the
7Na5oQldaLY-00009-00002561-00002758 fourth largest airport in the country
7Na5oQldaLY-00010-00002759-00002977 after the Aden ad International Airport
7Na5oQldaLY-00011-00002978-00003217 in Mogadishu the Hargeisa International
7Na5oQldaLY-00012-00003218-00003406 Airport in Hargeisa and the Berber
7Na5oQldaLY-00013-00003407-00004022 airport in Berber
7Na5oQldaLY-00014-00004023-00004547 topic history
7Na5oQldaLY-00015-00004548-00004743 construction of the bender Kaseem
7Na5oQldaLY-00016-00004744-00005027 International Airport started in 2007
7Na5oQldaLY-00017-00005028-00005283 funds for the project were initially
7Na5oQldaLY-00018-00005284-00005493 supplied by United Arab Emirates based
7Na5oQldaLY-00019-00005494-00005835 financiers in 2008 the Puntland
7Na5oQldaLY-00020-00005836-00006036 government signed a multi-million US
7Na5oQldaLY-00021-00006037-00006270 dollar deal with Dubai's luta group a
7Na5oQldaLY-00022-00006271-00006465 regional industrial organization
7Na5oQldaLY-00023-00006466-00006689 operating in the Middle East in Africa
7Na5oQldaLY-00024-00006690-00006909 according to the agreement the first
7Na5oQldaLY-00025-00006909-00007235 phase of the investment is worth DHS 170
7Na5oQldaLY-00026-00007236-00007392 metres and would see a set of new
7Na5oQldaLY-00027-00007393-00007610 companies established who operate manage
7Na5oQldaLY-00028-00007611-00007854 and build Bosaso free trade zone and sea
7Na5oQldaLY-00029-00007855-00008118 and airport facilities the Bosaso
7Na5oQldaLY-00030-00008119-00008331 airport company was also slated to
7Na5oQldaLY-00031-00008332-00008526 develop the airport complex to meet
7Na5oQldaLY-00032-00008527-00008735 international standards including a new
7Na5oQldaLY-00033-00008736-00009008 3.4 kilometres runway main and auxiliary
7Na5oQldaLY-00034-00009009-00009285 buildings taxi and apron areas and
7Na5oQldaLY-00035-00009286-00009558 security perimeters following the 2008
7Na5oQldaLY-00036-00009559-00009792 Puntland presidential elections airport
7Na5oQldaLY-00037-00009793-00009990 renovations came to a standstill as
7Na5oQldaLY-00038-00009991-00010196 greater focus was placed on activities
7Na5oQldaLY-00039-00010197-00010395 in the regional capital of Garrow in
7Na5oQldaLY-00040-00010396-00010646 2012 a product sharing agreement signed
7Na5oQldaLY-00041-00010647-00010815 between the Puntland government and the
7Na5oQldaLY-00042-00010816-00011004 australian oil company Range Resources
7Na5oQldaLY-00043-00011005-00011301 earmarked five million dollars USD for
7Na5oQldaLY-00044-00011302-00011530 the construction of an airport runway
7Na5oQldaLY-00045-00011531-00011780 renovations subsequently resumed with a
7Na5oQldaLY-00046-00011781-00011963 brick laying ceremony for the new runway
7Na5oQldaLY-00047-00011964-00012141 held in November of the year at the
7Na5oQldaLY-00048-00012142-00012416 bender Kassim International Airport the
7Na5oQldaLY-00049-00012417-00012624 event was attended by various Puntland
7Na5oQldaLY-00050-00012625-00012791 government officials and business people
7Na5oQldaLY-00051-00012792-00013046 including Bosaso mayor Hassan Abdullah
7Na5oQldaLY-00052-00013047-00013283 Hassan Bari region Governor Abdul Samad
7Na5oQldaLY-00053-00013284-00013527 Galan and Ministry of aviation official
7Na5oQldaLY-00054-00013528-00013763 sahih da Hussein Ali in late September
7Na5oQldaLY-00055-00013765-00014019 2013 a launching ceremony of tender
7Na5oQldaLY-00056-00014019-00014202 process for the Bosaso airports
7Na5oQldaLY-00057-00014203-00014487 renovations was held at the facility the
7Na5oQldaLY-00058-00014488-00014643 event was attended by Puntland
7Na5oQldaLY-00059-00014644-00014829 government and aviation officials as
7Na5oQldaLY-00060-00014830-00015041 well as representatives of around 20
7Na5oQldaLY-00061-00015043-00015237 international companies with over twenty
7Na5oQldaLY-00062-00015238-00015437 four firms vying for the project the
7Na5oQldaLY-00063-00015438-00015672 tender is slated to be closed in
7Na5oQldaLY-00064-00015672-00015747 mid-october
7Na5oQldaLY-00065-00015747-00015987 according to Puntland deputy minister of
7Na5oQldaLY-00066-00015988-00016212 civil aviation AB de Connie gully the
7Na5oQldaLY-00067-00016213-00016392 winner of the tender process is then
7Na5oQldaLY-00068-00016393-00016583 scheduled to mobilise its operation
7Na5oQldaLY-00069-00016584-00016844 within a two-month period the airport
7Na5oQldaLY-00070-00016845-00017025 renovations are being overseen by the
7Na5oQldaLY-00071-00017026-00017202 Puntland government with the Italian
7Na5oQldaLY-00072-00017203-00017378 authorities funding the project through
7Na5oQldaLY-00073-00017379-00017697 UN o-p-s it will include the extension
7Na5oQldaLY-00074-00017698-00017953 of the Bosaso airports gravel runway
7Na5oQldaLY-00075-00017954-00018402 1800 meters to 2000 650 meters the
7Na5oQldaLY-00076-00018403-00018587 runways width will also be widened from
7Na5oQldaLY-00077-00018588-00018936 30 meters to 45 meters and features 7.5
7Na5oQldaLY-00078-00018937-00019175 meters gravel shoulders on both sides
7Na5oQldaLY-00079-00019176-00019377 according to gully the Puntland
7Na5oQldaLY-00080-00019378-00019556 government plans to carry out similar
7Na5oQldaLY-00081-00019557-00019800 upgrades at the Garrow Galkayo and Cardo
7Na5oQldaLY-00082-00019801-00020103 airports in december 2014 the foundation
7Na5oQldaLY-00083-00020104-00020289 stone for a new runway was laid at the
7Na5oQldaLY-00084-00020290-00020547 airport the inauguration event was
7Na5oQldaLY-00085-00020548-00020711 attended by cabinet ministers
7Na5oQldaLY-00086-00020712-00020936 legislators traditional leaders and
7Na5oQldaLY-00087-00020937-00021114 various international officials
7Na5oQldaLY-00088-00021115-00021324 including tender winner China's civil
7Na5oQldaLY-00089-00021325-00021481 engineering construction corporation
7Na5oQldaLY-00090-00021482-00021755 financial partner an ambassador of Italy
7Na5oQldaLY-00091-00021756-00021962 to Somalia farby CEO Mark Shelley and
7Na5oQldaLY-00092-00021963-00022169 United Nations office for project
7Na5oQldaLY-00093-00022170-00022433 services representatives the China's
7Na5oQldaLY-00094-00022434-00022580 civil engineering construction
7Na5oQldaLY-00095-00022581-00022814 corporation is now slated to upgrade the
7Na5oQldaLY-00096-00022815-00023052 airport's existing gravel runway pave it
7Na5oQldaLY-00097-00023053-00023283 with asphalt and convert it from 1.8
7Na5oQldaLY-00098-00023284-00023558 kilometers to 2.6 5 kilometers in
7Na5oQldaLY-00099-00023559-00023717 accordance with the code for sea
7Na5oQldaLY-00100-00023718-00024336 operations clause
7Na5oQldaLY-00101-00024337-00024955 topic airlines and destinations
7Na5oQldaLY-00102-00024956-00025201 the following Airlines offers scheduled
7Na5oQldaLY-00103-00025202-00025712 passenger service
7Na5oQldaLY-00104-00025713-00026295 topic accidents and incidents
7Na5oQldaLY-00105-00026295-00026663 you
7Na5oQldaLY-00106-00026664-00027210 topic see also
7Na5oQldaLY-00107-00027211-00027585 aidan add international airport Hargeisa
7Na5oQldaLY-00108-00027586-00027895 International Airport Abdullahi Yusuf
7Na5oQldaLY-00109-00027897-00028332 International Airport barão Airport key
7Na5oQldaLY-00110-00028333-00028745 smile Airport berbera Airport list of
7Na5oQldaLY-00111-00028747-00029280 airports in Somalia equals equals notes
7P2AnSHpErE-00000-00000014-00000311 the finite element method fem is a
7P2AnSHpErE-00001-00000312-00000563 numerical method for solving problems of
7P2AnSHpErE-00002-00000564-00000814 engineering and mathematical physics
7P2AnSHpErE-00003-00000815-00001073 typical problem areas of interest
7P2AnSHpErE-00004-00001074-00001298 include structural analysis heat
7P2AnSHpErE-00005-00001299-00001601 transfer fluid flow mass transport and
7P2AnSHpErE-00006-00001602-00001925 electromagnetic potential the analytical
7P2AnSHpErE-00007-00001926-00002150 solution of these problems generally
7P2AnSHpErE-00008-00002151-00002384 require the solution to boundary value
7P2AnSHpErE-00009-00002385-00002560 problems for partial differential
7P2AnSHpErE-00010-00002561-00002855 equations the finite element method
7P2AnSHpErE-00011-00002856-00003109 formulation of the problem results in a
7P2AnSHpErE-00012-00003110-00003445 system of algebraic equations the method
7P2AnSHpErE-00013-00003446-00003670 approximates the unknown function over
7P2AnSHpErE-00014-00003671-00003911 the domain to solve the problem it
7P2AnSHpErE-00015-00003911-00004151 subdivides a large system into smaller
7P2AnSHpErE-00016-00004152-00004361 simpler parts that are called finite
7P2AnSHpErE-00017-00004362-00004688 elements the simple equations that model
7P2AnSHpErE-00018-00004689-00004906 these finite elements are then assembled
7P2AnSHpErE-00019-00004907-00005126 into a larger system of equations that
7P2AnSHpErE-00020-00005127-00005488 models the entire problem FEM then uses
7P2AnSHpErE-00021-00005489-00005722 variational methods from the calculus of
7P2AnSHpErE-00022-00005723-00005990 variations to approximate a solution by
7P2AnSHpErE-00023-00005991-00006300 minimizing an Associated error function
7P2AnSHpErE-00024-00006301-00006592 studying or analyzing a phenomenon with
7P2AnSHpErE-00025-00006593-00006814 FEM is often referred to as finite
7P2AnSHpErE-00026-00006815-00007123 element analysis fee
7P2AnSHpErE-00027-00007123-00007487 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00028-00007488-00008078 topic basic concepts
7P2AnSHpErE-00029-00008079-00008342 the subdivision of a whole domain into
7P2AnSHpErE-00030-00008343-00008638 simpler parts has several advantages
7P2AnSHpErE-00031-00008639-00008870 accurate representation of complex
7P2AnSHpErE-00032-00008871-00009201 geometry inclusion of dissimilar
7P2AnSHpErE-00033-00009202-00009591 material properties easy representation
7P2AnSHpErE-00034-00009592-00009927 of the total solution capture of local
7P2AnSHpErE-00035-00009928-00010155 effects a typical workout of the method
7P2AnSHpErE-00036-00010156-00010401 involves one dividing the domain of the
7P2AnSHpErE-00037-00010402-00010599 problem into a collection of subdomains
7P2AnSHpErE-00038-00010600-00010869 with each sub domain represented by a
7P2AnSHpErE-00039-00010870-00011109 set of element equations to the original
7P2AnSHpErE-00040-00011110-00011369 problem followed by to systematically
7P2AnSHpErE-00041-00011370-00011564 recombining all sets of element
7P2AnSHpErE-00042-00011565-00011771 equations into a global system of
7P2AnSHpErE-00043-00011772-00012083 equations for the final calculation the
7P2AnSHpErE-00044-00012084-00012299 global system of equations has known
7P2AnSHpErE-00045-00012300-00012483 solution techniques and can be
7P2AnSHpErE-00046-00012484-00012680 calculated from the initial values of
7P2AnSHpErE-00047-00012681-00012878 the original problem to obtain a
7P2AnSHpErE-00048-00012879-00013236 numerical answer in the first step above
7P2AnSHpErE-00049-00013237-00013440 the element equations are simple
7P2AnSHpErE-00050-00013441-00013674 equations that locally approximate the
7P2AnSHpErE-00051-00013675-00013919 original complex equations to be studied
7P2AnSHpErE-00052-00013920-00014141 where the original equations are often
7P2AnSHpErE-00053-00014143-00014508 partial differential equations PDE to
7P2AnSHpErE-00054-00014509-00014697 explain the approximation in this
7P2AnSHpErE-00055-00014697-00014961 process FEM is commonly introduced as a
7P2AnSHpErE-00056-00014962-00015249 special case of galerkin method the
7P2AnSHpErE-00057-00015250-00015519 process in mathematical language is to
7P2AnSHpErE-00058-00015519-00015680 construct an integral of the inner
7P2AnSHpErE-00059-00015681-00015875 product of the residual and the weight
7P2AnSHpErE-00060-00015876-00016194 functions and set the integral to 0 in
7P2AnSHpErE-00061-00016194-00016437 simple terms it is a procedure that
7P2AnSHpErE-00062-00016438-00016689 minimizes the error of approximation by
7P2AnSHpErE-00063-00016690-00017012 fitting trial functions into the PDE the
7P2AnSHpErE-00064-00017013-00017211 residual as the error caused by the
7P2AnSHpErE-00065-00017212-00017433 trial functions and the weight functions
7P2AnSHpErE-00066-00017434-00017675 are polynomial approximation functions
7P2AnSHpErE-00067-00017676-00017958 that project the residual the process
7P2AnSHpErE-00068-00017959-00018189 eliminates all the spatial derivatives
7P2AnSHpErE-00069-00018190-00018489 from the PDE thus approximating the PDE
7P2AnSHpErE-00070-00018490-00018812 locally with a set of algebraic
7P2AnSHpErE-00071-00018813-00019090 equations for steady state problems a
7P2AnSHpErE-00072-00019091-00019386 set of ordinary differential equations
7P2AnSHpErE-00073-00019387-00019625 for transient problems these equation
7P2AnSHpErE-00074-00019626-00019902 sets are the element equations they are
7P2AnSHpErE-00075-00019903-00020165 linear if the underlying PDE is linear
7P2AnSHpErE-00076-00020166-00020547 and vice-versa algebraic equation sets
7P2AnSHpErE-00077-00020548-00020765 that arise in the steady state problems
7P2AnSHpErE-00078-00020766-00020952 are solved using numerical linear
7P2AnSHpErE-00079-00020953-00021140 algebra methods while ordinary
7P2AnSHpErE-00080-00021141-00021378 differential equation sets that arise in
7P2AnSHpErE-00081-00021379-00021420 the
7P2AnSHpErE-00082-00021421-00021597 transient problems are solved by
7P2AnSHpErE-00083-00021598-00021843 numerical integration using standard
7P2AnSHpErE-00084-00021844-00022059 techniques such as Euler's method or the
7P2AnSHpErE-00085-00022060-00022437 runge-kutta method in step 2 above a
7P2AnSHpErE-00086-00022438-00022692 global system of equations as generated
7P2AnSHpErE-00087-00022693-00022866 from the element equations through a
7P2AnSHpErE-00088-00022867-00023082 transformation of coordinates from the
7P2AnSHpErE-00089-00023083-00023307 subdomains local nodes to the domains
7P2AnSHpErE-00090-00023308-00023649 global nodes this spatial transformation
7P2AnSHpErE-00091-00023650-00023822 includes appropriate orientation
7P2AnSHpErE-00092-00023823-00024078 adjustments as applied in relation to
7P2AnSHpErE-00093-00024079-00024330 the reference coordinate system the
7P2AnSHpErE-00094-00024331-00024546 process is often carried out by FEM
7P2AnSHpErE-00095-00024547-00024831 software using coordinate data generated
7P2AnSHpErE-00096-00024832-00025134 from the subdomains FEM is best
7P2AnSHpErE-00097-00025135-00025296 understood from its practical
7P2AnSHpErE-00098-00025297-00025524 application known as finite element
7P2AnSHpErE-00099-00025525-00025806 analysis fee fee as applied in
7P2AnSHpErE-00100-00025807-00026088 engineering as a computational tool for
7P2AnSHpErE-00101-00026089-00026364 performing engineering analysis it
7P2AnSHpErE-00102-00026364-00026562 includes the use of mesh generation
7P2AnSHpErE-00103-00026563-00026769 techniques for dividing a complex
7P2AnSHpErE-00104-00026770-00027018 problem into small elements as well as
7P2AnSHpErE-00105-00027019-00027252 the use of software program coded with
7P2AnSHpErE-00106-00027252-00027555 FEM algorithm in applying fee the
7P2AnSHpErE-00107-00027556-00027810 complex problem as usually a physical
7P2AnSHpErE-00108-00027811-00028029 system with the underlying physics such
7P2AnSHpErE-00109-00028030-00028266 as the Euler Bernoulli beam equation the
7P2AnSHpErE-00110-00028267-00028467 heat equation or the navier-stokes
7P2AnSHpErE-00111-00028468-00028752 equations expressed in either PDE or
7P2AnSHpErE-00112-00028752-00028989 integral equations while the divided
7P2AnSHpErE-00113-00028989-00029211 small elements of the complex problem
7P2AnSHpErE-00114-00029212-00029397 represent different areas in the
7P2AnSHpErE-00115-00029398-00029706 physical system V is a good choice for
7P2AnSHpErE-00116-00029707-00029964 analyzing problems over complicated
7P2AnSHpErE-00117-00029964-00030261 domains like cars and oil pipelines when
7P2AnSHpErE-00118-00030262-00030486 the domain changes as during a solid
7P2AnSHpErE-00119-00030487-00030687 state reaction with a moving boundary
7P2AnSHpErE-00120-00030688-00030936 when the desired precision varies over
7P2AnSHpErE-00121-00030937-00031167 the entire domain or when the solution
7P2AnSHpErE-00122-00031168-00031455 lacks smoothness these simulations
7P2AnSHpErE-00123-00031456-00031683 provide a valuable resource as they
7P2AnSHpErE-00124-00031683-00031920 remove multiple instances of creation
7P2AnSHpErE-00125-00031920-00032133 and testing of hard prototypes for
7P2AnSHpErE-00126-00032133-00032451 various high fidelity situations for
7P2AnSHpErE-00127-00032452-00032694 instance in a frontal crash simulation
7P2AnSHpErE-00128-00032695-00032913 it is possible to increase prediction
7P2AnSHpErE-00129-00032914-00033264 accuracy in important areas like the
7P2AnSHpErE-00130-00033265-00033462 front of the car and reduce it in its
7P2AnSHpErE-00131-00033463-00033654 rear thus reducing cost of the
7P2AnSHpErE-00132-00033655-00033963 simulation another example would be in
7P2AnSHpErE-00133-00033964-00034191 numerical weather prediction where it is
7P2AnSHpErE-00134-00034192-00034353 more important to have accurate
7P2AnSHpErE-00135-00034354-00034551 predictions over developing highly
7P2AnSHpErE-00136-00034552-00034810 nonlinear phenomena such as tropical
7P2AnSHpErE-00137-00034811-00035056 cyclones in the atmosphere or Eddie's in
7P2AnSHpErE-00138-00035057-00035263 the ocean rather than relatively calm
7P2AnSHpErE-00139-00035264-00035476 areas
7P2AnSHpErE-00140-00035477-00035839 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00141-00035840-00036337 topic history
7P2AnSHpErE-00142-00036338-00036586 while it is difficult to quote a date of
7P2AnSHpErE-00143-00036587-00036621 the
7P2AnSHpErE-00144-00036622-00036801 invention of the finite element method
7P2AnSHpErE-00145-00036802-00037038 the method originated from the need to
7P2AnSHpErE-00146-00037039-00037296 solve complex elasticity and structural
7P2AnSHpErE-00147-00037297-00037500 analysis problems in civil and
7P2AnSHpErE-00148-00037501-00037800 aeronautical engineering its development
7P2AnSHpErE-00149-00037801-00038034 can be traced back to the work by a Rena
7P2AnSHpErE-00150-00038035-00038342 cough and are current in the early 1940s
7P2AnSHpErE-00151-00038343-00038703 another pioneer was Ioannis Argyris in
7P2AnSHpErE-00152-00038704-00038964 the USSR the introduction of the
7P2AnSHpErE-00153-00038965-00039180 practical application of the method is
7P2AnSHpErE-00154-00039181-00039384 usually connected with name of Leonard
7P2AnSHpErE-00155-00039385-00039762 Agana tsiyon in China in the later 1950s
7P2AnSHpErE-00156-00039763-00040035 and early 1960s based on the
7P2AnSHpErE-00157-00040036-00040293 computations of dam constructions kay
7P2AnSHpErE-00158-00040294-00040530 fung proposed a systematic numerical
7P2AnSHpErE-00159-00040531-00040728 method for solving partial differential
7P2AnSHpErE-00160-00040729-00041022 equations the method was called the
7P2AnSHpErE-00161-00041023-00041208 finite difference method based on
7P2AnSHpErE-00162-00041209-00041427 variation principle which was another
7P2AnSHpErE-00163-00041428-00041622 independent invention of the finite
7P2AnSHpErE-00164-00041623-00041892 element method although the approach is
7P2AnSHpErE-00165-00041893-00042108 used by these pioneers are different
7P2AnSHpErE-00166-00042109-00042336 they share one essential characteristic
7P2AnSHpErE-00167-00042337-00042561 mesh discretization of a continuous
7P2AnSHpErE-00168-00042562-00042824 domain into a set of discrete subdomains
7P2AnSHpErE-00169-00042825-00043230 usually called elements rena cuffs work
7P2AnSHpErE-00170-00043231-00043461 discretize as the domain by using a
7P2AnSHpErE-00171-00043462-00043683 lattice analogy while current approach
7P2AnSHpErE-00172-00043684-00043878 divides the domain into finite
7P2AnSHpErE-00173-00043879-00044076 triangular sub regions to solve
7P2AnSHpErE-00174-00044077-00044232 second-order elliptic partial
7P2AnSHpErE-00175-00044233-00044523 differential equations PDE s that arise
7P2AnSHpErE-00176-00044524-00044703 from the problem of torsion of a
7P2AnSHpErE-00177-00044704-00044988 cylinder currents contribution was
7P2AnSHpErE-00178-00044989-00045240 evolutionary drawing on a large body of
7P2AnSHpErE-00179-00045241-00045501 earlier results for P DS developed by
7P2AnSHpErE-00180-00045502-00045861 Rayleigh Ritz and galerkin the finite
7P2AnSHpErE-00181-00045862-00046083 element method obtained its real impetus
7P2AnSHpErE-00182-00046084-00046404 in the 1960's and 1970's by the
7P2AnSHpErE-00183-00046405-00046644 developments of JH Argyris with
7P2AnSHpErE-00184-00046645-00046833 co-workers at the university of
7P2AnSHpErE-00185-00046834-00047136 stuttgart RW Clough with co-workers at
7P2AnSHpErE-00186-00047137-00047463 UC Berkeley OC syncovich with coworkers
7P2AnSHpErE-00187-00047464-00047727 Ernest Hinton Bruce irons and others at
7P2AnSHpErE-00188-00047728-00047964 the Swansea University Philippe Jeter
7P2AnSHpErE-00189-00047965-00048204 led at the University of Paris 6 and
7P2AnSHpErE-00190-00048205-00048408 Richard Gallagher with co-workers at
7P2AnSHpErE-00191-00048409-00048717 Cornell University further impetus was
7P2AnSHpErE-00192-00048718-00048909 provided in these years by available
7P2AnSHpErE-00193-00048910-00049131 open source finite element software
7P2AnSHpErE-00194-00049132-00049485 programs NASA sponsored the original
7P2AnSHpErE-00195-00049486-00049758 version of nastran and UC Berkeley made
7P2AnSHpErE-00196-00049759-00049925 the finite element program
7P2AnSHpErE-00197-00049926-00050321 ese PIV widely available in Norway the
7P2AnSHpErE-00198-00050322-00050591 ship classification society DET norske
7P2AnSHpErE-00199-00050592-00050968 veritas now DNV GL developed sessom in
7P2AnSHpErE-00200-00050969-00051315 1969 for use in analysis of ships a
7P2AnSHpErE-00201-00051316-00051580 rigorous mathematical basis to the
7P2AnSHpErE-00202-00051582-00051835 finite element method was provided in
7P2AnSHpErE-00203-00051836-00052141 1973 with the publication by Strang and
7P2AnSHpErE-00204-00052142-00052396 fix the method has since been
7P2AnSHpErE-00205-00052397-00052619 generalized for the numerical modeling
7P2AnSHpErE-00206-00052620-00052871 of physical systems in a wide variety of
7P2AnSHpErE-00207-00052872-00053101 engineering disciplines eg
7P2AnSHpErE-00208-00053102-00053378 electromagnetism heat transfer and fluid
7P2AnSHpErE-00209-00053379-00053715 dynamics
7P2AnSHpErE-00210-00053716-00053985 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00211-00053986-00054591 topic technical discussion
7P2AnSHpErE-00212-00054591-00054923 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00213-00054924-00055248 topic the structure of finite element
7P2AnSHpErE-00214-00055249-00055642 methods
7P2AnSHpErE-00215-00055644-00055904 a finite element method is characterized
7P2AnSHpErE-00216-00055904-00056129 by a variational formulation a
7P2AnSHpErE-00217-00056129-00056374 discretization strategy one or more
7P2AnSHpErE-00218-00056375-00056592 solution algorithms and post-processing
7P2AnSHpErE-00219-00056594-00056779 procedures
7P2AnSHpErE-00220-00056779-00057079 examples of variational formulation are
7P2AnSHpErE-00221-00057080-00057290 the galerkin method the discontinuous
7P2AnSHpErE-00222-00057291-00057642 galerkin method mixed methods etc
7P2AnSHpErE-00223-00057644-00057904 a discretization strategy is understood
7P2AnSHpErE-00224-00057904-00058080 to mean a clearly defined set of
7P2AnSHpErE-00225-00058081-00058326 procedures that cover at the creation of
7P2AnSHpErE-00226-00058327-00058534 finite element mesh --is be the
7P2AnSHpErE-00227-00058535-00058725 definition of basis function on
7P2AnSHpErE-00228-00058726-00058941 reference elements also called shape
7P2AnSHpErE-00229-00058942-00059151 functions and see the mapping of
7P2AnSHpErE-00230-00059152-00059361 reference elements onto the elements of
7P2AnSHpErE-00231-00059362-00059630 the mesh examples of discretization
7P2AnSHpErE-00232-00059631-00059941 strategies are the H version P version
7P2AnSHpErE-00233-00059941-00060324 HP version X FEM iso geometric analysis
7P2AnSHpErE-00234-00060325-00060616 etc each discretization strategy has
7P2AnSHpErE-00235-00060616-00060899 certain advantages and disadvantages a
7P2AnSHpErE-00236-00060900-00061159 reasonable criterion in selecting a
7P2AnSHpErE-00237-00061160-00061392 discretization strategy is to realize
7P2AnSHpErE-00238-00061393-00061599 nearly optimal performance for the
7P2AnSHpErE-00239-00061600-00061840 broadest set of mathematical models in a
7P2AnSHpErE-00240-00061841-00062187 particular model class there are various
7P2AnSHpErE-00241-00062188-00062422 numerical solution algorithms that can
7P2AnSHpErE-00242-00062423-00062634 be classified into two broad categories
7P2AnSHpErE-00243-00062635-00062967 direct and iterative solvers these
7P2AnSHpErE-00244-00062968-00063201 algorithms are designed to exploit the
7P2AnSHpErE-00245-00063202-00063448 sparsity of matrices that depend on the
7P2AnSHpErE-00246-00063449-00063685 choices of variational formulation and
7P2AnSHpErE-00247-00063686-00064036 discretization strategy post-processing
7P2AnSHpErE-00248-00064037-00064212 procedures are designed for the
7P2AnSHpErE-00249-00064213-00064425 extraction of the data of interest from
7P2AnSHpErE-00250-00064426-00064731 a finite element solution in order to
7P2AnSHpErE-00251-00064732-00064905 meet the requirements of solution
7P2AnSHpErE-00252-00064906-00065154 verification post processors need to
7P2AnSHpErE-00253-00065155-00065329 provide for a posteriori error
7P2AnSHpErE-00254-00065329-00065572 estimation in terms of the quantities of
7P2AnSHpErE-00255-00065573-00065797 interest when the errors of
7P2AnSHpErE-00256-00065798-00066012 approximation are larger than what is
7P2AnSHpErE-00257-00066013-00066178 considered acceptable then the
7P2AnSHpErE-00258-00066179-00066397 discretization has to be changed either
7P2AnSHpErE-00259-00066398-00066657 by an automated adaptive process or by
7P2AnSHpErE-00260-00066658-00066934 action of the analyst there are some
7P2AnSHpErE-00261-00066935-00067117 very efficient post processors that
7P2AnSHpErE-00262-00067118-00067350 provide for the realization of super
7P2AnSHpErE-00263-00067351-00067570 convergence
7P2AnSHpErE-00264-00067571-00067910 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00265-00067911-00068694 topic illustrative problems p1 and p2
7P2AnSHpErE-00266-00068695-00068934 we will demonstrate the finite element
7P2AnSHpErE-00267-00068935-00069171 method using two sample problems from
7P2AnSHpErE-00268-00069172-00069321 which the general method can be
7P2AnSHpErE-00269-00069322-00069612 extrapolated it is assumed that the
7P2AnSHpErE-00270-00069613-00069828 reader is familiar with calculus and
7P2AnSHpErE-00271-00069829-00070221 linear algebra p1 as a one-dimensional
7P2AnSHpErE-00272-00070222-00070866 problem p1 u X
7P2AnSHpErE-00273-00070867-00072590 equals F X in 0 1 u 0 equals u 1 equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00274-00072591-00072978 0 display style mbox
7P2AnSHpErE-00275-00072979-00073554 p 1 begin cases u x equals f XM box in 0
7P2AnSHpErE-00276-00073555-00074126 1 u 0 equals u 1 equals 0 and cases
7P2AnSHpErE-00277-00074127-00074951 where f display style f is given you
7P2AnSHpErE-00278-00074952-00075339 display style u is an unknown function
7P2AnSHpErE-00279-00075340-00075960 of x display style x
7P2AnSHpErE-00280-00075961-00076452 you display style you is the second
7P2AnSHpErE-00281-00076453-00077019 derivative of you display style you with
7P2AnSHpErE-00282-00077020-00077194 respect to
7P2AnSHpErE-00283-00077195-00077785 X display style xp2 as a two-dimensional
7P2AnSHpErE-00284-00077786-00078211 problem dear Ashley problem P 2 u xx XY
7P2AnSHpErE-00285-00078212-00078843 + u YY X y equals f XY in Omega u equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00286-00078844-00079225 zero on Omega display style M box P to
7P2AnSHpErE-00287-00079226-00079707 begin cases u underscore xx XY + u
7P2AnSHpErE-00288-00079708-00080296 underscore YY x y equals FX y + M box in
7P2AnSHpErE-00289-00080297-00080694 omega u equals zero and M box on partial
7P2AnSHpErE-00290-00080695-00081006 Omega and cases where Omega display
7P2AnSHpErE-00291-00081007-00081276 style Omega is a connected open region
7P2AnSHpErE-00292-00081277-00081646 in the XY display style XY plane whose
7P2AnSHpErE-00293-00081647-00081894 boundary Omega display style partial
7P2AnSHpErE-00294-00081895-00082326 Omega is nice eg a smooth manifold or a
7P2AnSHpErE-00295-00082327-00082668 polygon and you
7P2AnSHpErE-00296-00082669-00083399 X X display style you underscore X X and
7P2AnSHpErE-00297-00083400-00083783 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00298-00083784-00084268 why display style you underscore why why
7P2AnSHpErE-00299-00084269-00084509 denote the second derivatives with
7P2AnSHpErE-00300-00084510-00084680 respect to
7P2AnSHpErE-00301-00084681-00085199 X display style X
7P2AnSHpErE-00302-00085200-00085796 why display style why respectively the
7P2AnSHpErE-00303-00085797-00086075 problem p1 can be solved directly by
7P2AnSHpErE-00304-00086076-00086372 computing antiderivatives however this
7P2AnSHpErE-00305-00086373-00086573 method of solving the boundary value
7P2AnSHpErE-00306-00086574-00086894 problem bvp works only when there is one
7P2AnSHpErE-00307-00086895-00087059 spatial dimension and does not
7P2AnSHpErE-00308-00087060-00087248 generalize to higher dimensional
7P2AnSHpErE-00309-00087249-00087934 problems or to problems like u plus u
7P2AnSHpErE-00310-00087935-00088579 equals f display style u plus u equals f
7P2AnSHpErE-00311-00088580-00088853 for this reason we will develop the
7P2AnSHpErE-00312-00088854-00089123 finite element method for p1 and outline
7P2AnSHpErE-00313-00089124-00089443 it's generalization to p2 our
7P2AnSHpErE-00314-00089444-00089690 explanation will proceed in two steps
7P2AnSHpErE-00315-00089691-00089930 which mirror two essential steps one
7P2AnSHpErE-00316-00089931-00090122 must take to solve a boundary value
7P2AnSHpErE-00317-00090123-00090536 problem bvp using the fem in the first
7P2AnSHpErE-00318-00090537-00090854 step one rephrases the original bvp in
7P2AnSHpErE-00319-00090855-00091130 its weak form little to no computation
7P2AnSHpErE-00320-00091131-00091442 is usually required for this step the
7P2AnSHpErE-00321-00091443-00091729 transformation is done by hand on paper
7P2AnSHpErE-00322-00091730-00092012 the second step as the discretization
7P2AnSHpErE-00323-00092013-00092285 where the weak form is discretized in a
7P2AnSHpErE-00324-00092286-00092504 finite dimensional space after the
7P2AnSHpErE-00325-00092505-00092768 second step we have concrete formula for
7P2AnSHpErE-00326-00092769-00092984 a large but finite dimensional linear
7P2AnSHpErE-00327-00092985-00093146 problem whose solution will
7P2AnSHpErE-00328-00093147-00093418 approximately solve the original bvp
7P2AnSHpErE-00329-00093419-00093728 this finite dimensional problem is then
7P2AnSHpErE-00330-00093729-00093994 implemented on a computer
7P2AnSHpErE-00331-00093995-00094333 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00332-00094334-00094893 topic week formulation
7P2AnSHpErE-00333-00094894-00095211 the first step is to convert p1 and p2
7P2AnSHpErE-00334-00095212-00095712 into their equivalent week formulations
7P2AnSHpErE-00335-00095713-00095941 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00336-00095942-00096202 topic the weak form of
7P2AnSHpErE-00337-00096203-00096539 one
7P2AnSHpErE-00338-00096540-00097226 if you display style you solves p1 then
7P2AnSHpErE-00339-00097227-00097700 for any smooth function V display style
7P2AnSHpErE-00340-00097701-00098042 V that satisfies the displacement
7P2AnSHpErE-00341-00098043-00098743 boundary conditions ie V equals zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00342-00098744-00099259 display style V equals zero at
7P2AnSHpErE-00343-00099260-00099892 x equals zero display style x equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00344-00099893-00100160 zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00345-00100161-00100876 x equals one display style x equals one
7P2AnSHpErE-00346-00100877-00101182 we have
7P2AnSHpErE-00347-00101183-00101465 one-zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00348-00101466-00101686 f
7P2AnSHpErE-00349-00101687-00103026 X V X D X equals zero one you
7P2AnSHpErE-00350-00103027-00103914 Peck's V X D X display style int
7P2AnSHpErE-00351-00103915-00104421 underscore 0 carrot 1 f XV X DX equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00352-00104422-00105077 int underscore 0 carrot 1 u X V X DX
7P2AnSHpErE-00353-00105078-00105776 conversely if you display style U with u
7P2AnSHpErE-00354-00105777-00107070 0 equals u 1 equals 0 display style u 0
7P2AnSHpErE-00355-00107071-00107604 equals u 1 equals 0 satisfies one for
7P2AnSHpErE-00356-00107605-00108204 every smooth function V X display style
7P2AnSHpErE-00357-00108205-00108716 V X then one may show that this you
7P2AnSHpErE-00358-00108717-00109155 display style you will solve P 1 the
7P2AnSHpErE-00359-00109156-00109358 proof is easier for twice continuously
7P2AnSHpErE-00360-00109358-00109898 differentiable you display style you
7P2AnSHpErE-00361-00109899-00110210 mean value theorem but may be proved in
7P2AnSHpErE-00362-00110211-00110538 a distributional sense as well
7P2AnSHpErE-00363-00110539-00111283 we define a new operator or map Phi U V
7P2AnSHpErE-00364-00111284-00111720 display style thigh u v by using
7P2AnSHpErE-00365-00111721-00111951 integration by parts on the right hand
7P2AnSHpErE-00366-00111952-00113860 side of 1 2 0 1 F X V X D X equals 0 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00367-00113861-00114158 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00368-00114158-00114445 x.v
7P2AnSHpErE-00369-00114446-00114640 x-d
7P2AnSHpErE-00370-00114641-00115413 x equals u X V
7P2AnSHpErE-00371-00115414-00116561 X 0 1 - 0 1 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00372-00116563-00116751 x.v
7P2AnSHpErE-00373-00116752-00117447 X DX equals minus o 1u x v XD X minus
7P2AnSHpErE-00374-00117448-00117822 Phi u v display style begin aligned int
7P2AnSHpErE-00375-00117823-00118302 underscore 0 carrot 1 FX V X DX and
7P2AnSHpErE-00376-00118303-00118740 equals int underscore 0 carrot 1 u XV X
7P2AnSHpErE-00377-00118741-00119208 DX and equals u X V X underscore 0
7P2AnSHpErE-00378-00119208-00119655 carrot 1 int underscore 0 carrot 1 u XV
7P2AnSHpErE-00379-00119656-00120086 X DX and equals int underscore 0 carrot
7P2AnSHpErE-00380-00120088-00120651 1 u x v x DX equiv phi u v end aligned
7P2AnSHpErE-00381-00120652-00120870 where we have used the assumption that V
7P2AnSHpErE-00382-00120871-00121371 0 equals V 1 equals 0 display style V 0
7P2AnSHpErE-00383-00121372-00121797 equals V 1 equals 0
7P2AnSHpErE-00384-00121798-00122109 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00385-00122110-00122708 topic the weak form of p2
7P2AnSHpErE-00386-00122708-00123008 if we integrate by parts using a form of
7P2AnSHpErE-00387-00123008-00123387 green's identities we see that if you
7P2AnSHpErE-00388-00123388-00123859 display style you solves p2 then we may
7P2AnSHpErE-00389-00123860-00124828 define Phi U V display style Phi U V for
7P2AnSHpErE-00390-00124829-00125354 any V display style V
7P2AnSHpErE-00391-00125355-00125520 by
7P2AnSHpErE-00392-00125521-00127291 mega F V D s equals minus Omega u V D s
7P2AnSHpErE-00393-00127292-00128070 minus Phi U V display style int
7P2AnSHpErE-00394-00128071-00128429 underscore Omega F V D s equals int
7P2AnSHpErE-00395-00128430-00128757 underscore Omega nabli you see do t
7P2AnSHpErE-00396-00128758-00129413 nabla V D s will tie you V where display
7P2AnSHpErE-00397-00129414-00129802 style nabla denotes the gradient and
7P2AnSHpErE-00398-00129803-00130251 display style C do T denotes the dot
7P2AnSHpErE-00399-00130252-00130473 product in the two dimensional plane
7P2AnSHpErE-00400-00130474-00131141 once more Phi display style Phi can be
7P2AnSHpErE-00401-00131142-00131322 turned into an inner product on a
7P2AnSHpErE-00402-00131323-00131602 suitable space
7P2AnSHpErE-00403-00131603-00131823 zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00404-00131824-00132327 one Omega display style h underscore
7P2AnSHpErE-00405-00132328-00132690 zero carrot one Omega of once
7P2AnSHpErE-00406-00132691-00133061 differentiable functions of Omega
7P2AnSHpErE-00407-00133062-00133529 display style Omega that are zero on
7P2AnSHpErE-00408-00133530-00134082 Omega display style partial Omega we
7P2AnSHpErE-00409-00134083-00134834 have also assumed that V element of H 0
7P2AnSHpErE-00410-00134835-00135468 1 Omega display style V in H underscore
7P2AnSHpErE-00411-00135469-00135991 0 carrot 1 Omega C Sobolev spaces
7P2AnSHpErE-00412-00135992-00136203 existence and uniqueness of the solution
7P2AnSHpErE-00413-00136204-00136503 can also be shown
7P2AnSHpErE-00414-00136504-00136819 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00415-00136820-00137158 topic a proof outline of existence and
7P2AnSHpErE-00416-00137159-00137625 uniqueness of the solution
7P2AnSHpErE-00417-00137626-00138302 we can loosely think of H zero one zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00418-00138303-00138876 one display style H underscore zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00419-00138877-00139299 carrot one zero one to be the absolutely
7P2AnSHpErE-00420-00139300-00139902 continuous functions of zero one display
7P2AnSHpErE-00421-00139903-00140502 style zero one that are zero display
7P2AnSHpErE-00422-00140503-00141336 style zero at x equals zero display
7P2AnSHpErE-00423-00141337-00141738 style x equals zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00424-00141739-00142445 x equals one display style x equals one
7P2AnSHpErE-00425-00142446-00142860 c Sobolev spaces such functions are
7P2AnSHpErE-00426-00142861-00143109 weekly once differentiable and it turns
7P2AnSHpErE-00427-00143110-00143503 out that the symmetric bilinear map Phi
7P2AnSHpErE-00428-00143504-00143895 display style thigh then defines an
7P2AnSHpErE-00429-00143896-00144836 inner product which turns h 0 1 0 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00430-00144837-00145364 display style H underscore 0 carat 1 0 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00431-00145365-00145703 into a Hilbert space a detailed proof as
7P2AnSHpErE-00432-00145704-00145998 non-trivial on the other hand the left
7P2AnSHpErE-00433-00145999-00147199 hand side 0 1 F X V X D
7P2AnSHpErE-00434-00147200-00147604 X display style int underscore zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00435-00147605-00148147 carrot 1 f XV x DX is also an inner
7P2AnSHpErE-00436-00148148-00149049 product this time on the LP space l2 0 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00437-00149050-00149508 display style el carrot 2 0 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00438-00149509-00149664 an application of the Rhys
7P2AnSHpErE-00439-00149665-00149874 representation theorem for Hilbert
7P2AnSHpErE-00440-00149875-00150281 spaces shows that there is a unique you
7P2AnSHpErE-00441-00150282-00150681 display style you solving 2 and
7P2AnSHpErE-00442-00150682-00151029 therefore p1 this solution as a priori
7P2AnSHpErE-00443-00151030-00152085 only a member of H 0 1 0 1 display style
7P2AnSHpErE-00444-00152086-00152489 H underscore 0 carat 1 0 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00445-00152490-00152796 but using elliptic regularity will be
7P2AnSHpErE-00446-00152797-00153513 smooth if F display style F is
7P2AnSHpErE-00447-00153514-00153877 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00448-00153878-00154453 topic discretization
7P2AnSHpErE-00449-00154454-00154781 P 1 and P 2 are ready to be discretized
7P2AnSHpErE-00450-00154782-00155164 which leads to a common subproblem 3 the
7P2AnSHpErE-00451-00155165-00155407 basic idea is to replace the infinite
7P2AnSHpErE-00452-00155408-00155925 dimensional linear problem find you
7P2AnSHpErE-00453-00155926-00156371 element of
7P2AnSHpErE-00454-00156372-00156840 h-01 display style you in h underscore
7P2AnSHpErE-00455-00156841-00157655 zero carrot one such that V element of H
7P2AnSHpErE-00456-00157656-00157802 zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00457-00157803-00157994 why
7P2AnSHpErE-00458-00157995-00159194 - five u V equals F V display style for
7P2AnSHpErE-00459-00159195-00159578 all V in H underscore zero carrot 1 Phi
7P2AnSHpErE-00460-00159579-00160031 u V equals in death V with a finite
7P2AnSHpErE-00461-00160032-00160702 dimensional version 3 find you
7P2AnSHpErE-00462-00160703-00161479 viii display style you in V such that V
7P2AnSHpErE-00463-00161480-00162844 element of V minus Phi u V equals F V
7P2AnSHpErE-00464-00162845-00163295 display style for all V in V Phi u V
7P2AnSHpErE-00465-00163296-00163979 equals in Def V where V display style V
7P2AnSHpErE-00466-00163980-00164503 is a finite dimensional sub space of H
7P2AnSHpErE-00467-00164504-00165113 zero one display style H underscore zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00468-00165114-00165455 carat one there are many possible
7P2AnSHpErE-00469-00165456-00166055 choices for V display style V one
7P2AnSHpErE-00470-00166056-00166295 possibility leads to the spectral method
7P2AnSHpErE-00471-00166296-00166619 however for the finite element method we
7P2AnSHpErE-00472-00166620-00167231 take V display style V to be a space of
7P2AnSHpErE-00473-00167232-00167591 piecewise polynomial functions
7P2AnSHpErE-00474-00167592-00167943 topic 4 problem p1 we take the interval
7P2AnSHpErE-00475-00167944-00168381 0 1 display style 0 1 choose n display
7P2AnSHpErE-00476-00168382-00168729 style n values of X display style X with
7P2AnSHpErE-00477-00168730-00169239 0 equals x 0 by 1 xn xn plus 1 equals 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00478-00169240-00169608 display style 0 equals X underscore 0
7P2AnSHpErE-00479-00169609-00169932 and we define V display style V by V
7P2AnSHpErE-00480-00169933-00170442 equals V 0 1 our V is continuous V X K
7P2AnSHpErE-00481-00170443-00171110 XK plus 1 is linear for K equals 0 N and
7P2AnSHpErE-00482-00171111-00172389 V 0 equals V 1 equals 0 display style V
7P2AnSHpErE-00483-00172390-00172899 equals V 0 1 right arrow math BB our VM
7P2AnSHpErE-00484-00172900-00173211 box is continuous V underscore X
7P2AnSHpErE-00485-00173212-00173631 underscore K X underscore K plus 1 M box
7P2AnSHpErE-00486-00173632-00174054 is linear for K equals 0 dots and M box
7P2AnSHpErE-00487-00174055-00174636 and V 0 equals V 1 equals 0 where we
7P2AnSHpErE-00488-00174637-00175521 define X 0 equals 0 display style X
7P2AnSHpErE-00489-00175522-00175988 underscore 0 equals 0
7P2AnSHpErE-00490-00175989-00177002 X n plus one equals one display style X
7P2AnSHpErE-00491-00177003-00177449 underscore n plus one equals one observe
7P2AnSHpErE-00492-00177450-00177914 that functions in the display style V
7P2AnSHpErE-00493-00177915-00178238 are not differentiable according to the
7P2AnSHpErE-00494-00178239-00178565 elementary definition of calculus indeed
7P2AnSHpErE-00495-00178566-00179403 if V element of V display style V in V
7P2AnSHpErE-00496-00179404-00179678 then the derivative is typically not
7P2AnSHpErE-00497-00179679-00180536 defined at any x equals x K display
7P2AnSHpErE-00498-00180537-00180790 style x equals x underscore
7P2AnSHpErE-00499-00180791-00180952 K
7P2AnSHpErE-00500-00180953-00181745 k equals 1 n display style k equals 1 l
7P2AnSHpErE-00501-00181746-00182173 dots n however the derivative exists at
7P2AnSHpErE-00502-00182174-00182638 every other value of X display style X
7P2AnSHpErE-00503-00182639-00182957 and one can use this derivative for the
7P2AnSHpErE-00504-00182958-00183311 purpose of integration by parts
7P2AnSHpErE-00505-00183312-00183650 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00506-00183651-00184249 topic 4 problem p2
7P2AnSHpErE-00507-00184250-00184900 we need V display style V to be a set of
7P2AnSHpErE-00508-00184901-00185366 functions of Omega display style Omega
7P2AnSHpErE-00509-00185367-00185652 in the figure on the right we have
7P2AnSHpErE-00510-00185653-00185914 Illustrated a triangulation of a 15
7P2AnSHpErE-00511-00185915-00186370 sided polygonal region Omega display
7P2AnSHpErE-00512-00186371-00186753 style Omega in the plane below and a
7P2AnSHpErE-00513-00186754-00187009 piecewise linear function above in color
7P2AnSHpErE-00514-00187010-00187270 of this polygon which is linear on each
7P2AnSHpErE-00515-00187271-00187575 triangle of the triangulation the space
7P2AnSHpErE-00516-00187576-00188113 V display style V would consist of
7P2AnSHpErE-00517-00188114-00188281 functions that are linear on each
7P2AnSHpErE-00518-00188282-00188650 triangle of the chosen triangulation one
7P2AnSHpErE-00519-00188651-00188863 hopes that as the underlying triangular
7P2AnSHpErE-00520-00188864-00189090 mesh becomes finer and finer the
7P2AnSHpErE-00521-00189091-00189352 solution of the discrete problem 3 will
7P2AnSHpErE-00522-00189353-00189535 in some sense converge to the solution
7P2AnSHpErE-00523-00189536-00189789 of the original boundary value problem
7P2AnSHpErE-00524-00189790-00190128 p2 to measure this mesh fineness the
7P2AnSHpErE-00525-00190129-00190348 triangulation is indexed by a real
7P2AnSHpErE-00526-00190349-00191007 valued parameter H greater than zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00527-00191008-00191425 display style H greater than zero which
7P2AnSHpErE-00528-00191426-00191686 one takes to be very small this
7P2AnSHpErE-00529-00191687-00191926 parameter will be related to the size of
7P2AnSHpErE-00530-00191927-00192157 the largest or average triangle in the
7P2AnSHpErE-00531-00192158-00192414 triangulation as we refine the
7P2AnSHpErE-00532-00192415-00192658 triangulation the space of piecewise
7P2AnSHpErE-00533-00192659-00193288 linear functions V display style V must
7P2AnSHpErE-00534-00193289-00193894 also change with H display style H for
7P2AnSHpErE-00535-00193895-00194292 this reason one often reads V
7P2AnSHpErE-00536-00194293-00194853 eh display style v underscore h instead
7P2AnSHpErE-00537-00194854-00195452 of V display style V in the literature
7P2AnSHpErE-00538-00195453-00195771 since we do not perform such an analysis
7P2AnSHpErE-00539-00195772-00196203 we will not use this notation
7P2AnSHpErE-00540-00196204-00196456 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00541-00196457-00197017 topic choosing a basis
7P2AnSHpErE-00542-00197018-00197287 to complete the discretization we must
7P2AnSHpErE-00543-00197288-00197851 select a basis of V display style V in
7P2AnSHpErE-00544-00197852-00198085 the one-dimensional case for each
7P2AnSHpErE-00545-00198086-00198688 control point X K display style X
7P2AnSHpErE-00546-00198689-00199024 underscore K we will choose the
7P2AnSHpErE-00547-00199025-00199627 piecewise linear function V K display
7P2AnSHpErE-00548-00199628-00200317 style V underscore K in V display style
7P2AnSHpErE-00549-00200318-00201252 V whose value as 1 display style 1 at
7P2AnSHpErE-00550-00201253-00201803 x-k display style X underscore K and 0
7P2AnSHpErE-00551-00201804-00202311 at every X J
7P2AnSHpErE-00552-00202312-00202959 J does not equal K display style X
7P2AnSHpErE-00553-00202960-00203394 underscore j j n eq k
7P2AnSHpErE-00554-00203395-00205406 ie v-k x equals X minus X K minus 1 X K
7P2AnSHpErE-00555-00205407-00206189 minus X K - why
7P2AnSHpErE-00556-00206190-00206346 if
7P2AnSHpErE-00557-00206348-00207554 X element of X K minus 1 X K
7P2AnSHpErE-00558-00207555-00208113 X K + y
7P2AnSHpErE-00559-00208114-00208441 - X
7P2AnSHpErE-00560-00208442-00208919 XK plus one minus XK if X element of XK
7P2AnSHpErE-00561-00208919-00209341 XK plus 1 0 otherwise display style V
7P2AnSHpErE-00562-00209342-00209771 underscore K x equals begin cases X X
7P2AnSHpErE-00563-00209771-00210154 underscore K 1 / X underscore K X
7P2AnSHpErE-00564-00210155-00210566 underscore K 1 and M box if X in X
7P2AnSHpErE-00565-00210567-00210917 underscore K 1 X underscore K X
7P2AnSHpErE-00566-00210917-00211348 underscore K + 1 x over X underscore K
7P2AnSHpErE-00567-00211350-00211790 plus 1 X underscore K and M box if X in
7P2AnSHpErE-00568-00211791-00212264 X underscore K X underscore K + 1 0 and
7P2AnSHpErE-00569-00212265-00212651 M box otherwise end cases for K equals 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00570-00212652-00213071 n display style K equals 1 dots and this
7P2AnSHpErE-00571-00213071-00213287 basis as a shifted and scaled tent
7P2AnSHpErE-00572-00213288-00213607 function for the two-dimensional case we
7P2AnSHpErE-00573-00213608-00213926 choose again 1 basis function VK display
7P2AnSHpErE-00574-00213927-00214279 style V underscore K per vertex XK
7P2AnSHpErE-00575-00214280-00214579 display style X underscore K of the
7P2AnSHpErE-00576-00214580-00214792 triangulation of the planar region Omega
7P2AnSHpErE-00577-00214794-00215478 display style Omega the function V K
7P2AnSHpErE-00578-00215479-00215932 display style V underscore K is the
7P2AnSHpErE-00579-00215933-00216453 unique function of V display style V
7P2AnSHpErE-00580-00216454-00217308 whose value as 1 display style 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00581-00217309-00217860 x-k display style X underscore K and 0
7P2AnSHpErE-00582-00217861-00218091 at every
7P2AnSHpErE-00583-00218092-00218375 X J
7P2AnSHpErE-00584-00218376-00219010 J does not equal K display style X
7P2AnSHpErE-00585-00219011-00219539 underscore J j n eq k depending on the
7P2AnSHpErE-00586-00219540-00219917 author the word element in finite
7P2AnSHpErE-00587-00219917-00220196 element method refers either to the
7P2AnSHpErE-00588-00220196-00220427 triangles in the domain the piecewise
7P2AnSHpErE-00589-00220428-00220769 linear basis function or both so for
7P2AnSHpErE-00590-00220769-00220996 instance an author interested in curved
7P2AnSHpErE-00591-00220998-00221246 domains might replace the triangles with
7P2AnSHpErE-00592-00221246-00221467 curved primitives and so might describe
7P2AnSHpErE-00593-00221469-00221773 the elements as being curvilinear on the
7P2AnSHpErE-00594-00221775-00221973 other hand some authors replace
7P2AnSHpErE-00595-00221975-00222359 piecewise linear by piecewise quadratic
7P2AnSHpErE-00596-00222360-00222854 or even piecewise polynomial the author
7P2AnSHpErE-00597-00222855-00223144 might then say higher order element
7P2AnSHpErE-00598-00223146-00223516 instead of higher degree polynomial
7P2AnSHpErE-00599-00223517-00223810 finite element method is not restricted
7P2AnSHpErE-00600-00223811-00224108 to triangles or tetrahedra in 3d or
7P2AnSHpErE-00601-00224109-00224303 higher order simplex --is in
7P2AnSHpErE-00602-00224304-00224516 multi-dimensional spaces but can be
7P2AnSHpErE-00603-00224517-00224746 defined on quadrilateral subdomains
7P2AnSHpErE-00604-00224746-00225092 hexahedral prisms or pyramids in 3d and
7P2AnSHpErE-00605-00225092-00225409 so on higher-order shapes curvilinear
7P2AnSHpErE-00606-00225410-00225683 elements can be defined with polynomial
7P2AnSHpErE-00607-00225684-00225938 and even non polynomial shapes eg
7P2AnSHpErE-00608-00225939-00226283 ellipse or circle examples of methods
7P2AnSHpErE-00609-00226284-00226457 that use higher degree piecewise
7P2AnSHpErE-00610-00226458-00226841 polynomial basis functions are the HP
7P2AnSHpErE-00611-00226842-00227177 fem and spectral fem more advanced
7P2AnSHpErE-00612-00227178-00227438 implementations adaptive finite element
7P2AnSHpErE-00613-00227439-00227684 methods utilize a method to assess the
7P2AnSHpErE-00614-00227685-00227891 quality of the results based on error
7P2AnSHpErE-00615-00227892-00228128 estimation theory and modify the mesh
7P2AnSHpErE-00616-00228129-00228308 during the solution aiming to achieve
7P2AnSHpErE-00617-00228309-00228542 approximate solution within some bounds
7P2AnSHpErE-00618-00228542-00228782 from the exact solution of the continuum
7P2AnSHpErE-00619-00228783-00229069 problem mesh adaptivity may utilize
7P2AnSHpErE-00620-00229071-00229398 various techniques the most popular are
7P2AnSHpErE-00621-00229400-00229859 moving nodes are adaptivity refining and
7P2AnSHpErE-00622-00229860-00230296 unrefined elements h adaptivity changing
7P2AnSHpErE-00623-00230298-00230650 order of base functions P adaptivity
7P2AnSHpErE-00624-00230651-00231194 combinations of the above H P adaptivity
7P2AnSHpErE-00625-00231194-00231446 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00626-00231446-00232105 topic small support of the basis
7P2AnSHpErE-00627-00232106-00232345 the primary advantage of this choice of
7P2AnSHpErE-00628-00232346-00233175 basis is that the inner products V J V K
7P2AnSHpErE-00629-00233176-00233823 equals 0 1 V
7P2AnSHpErE-00630-00233823-00234762 Jay v ke D X display style Langille V
7P2AnSHpErE-00631-00234763-00235109 underscore J V underscore K Rangel
7P2AnSHpErE-00632-00235110-00235452 equals in thunder score zero carrot 1 V
7P2AnSHpErE-00633-00235453-00236276 underscore J V underscore K DX and Phi V
7P2AnSHpErE-00634-00236277-00237962 J V K equals 0 1 v j v k d
7P2AnSHpErE-00635-00237963-00238448 X display style 5v underscore J V
7P2AnSHpErE-00636-00238448-00238792 underscore K equals int underscore zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00637-00238794-00239198 carrot 1 V underscore J V underscore K
7P2AnSHpErE-00638-00239198-00240035 DX will be 0 for almost all j k display
7P2AnSHpErE-00639-00240036-00241057 style j k the matrix containing v j v k
7P2AnSHpErE-00640-00241058-00241448 display style angle v underscore j v
7P2AnSHpErE-00641-00241448-00242221 underscore k wrangle in the j k display
7P2AnSHpErE-00642-00242223-00242630 style j k location as known as the
7P2AnSHpErE-00643-00242631-00242900 grammy and matrix
7P2AnSHpErE-00644-00242901-00243182 in the one-dimensional case the support
7P2AnSHpErE-00645-00243183-00243941 of v:k display style v underscore k is
7P2AnSHpErE-00646-00243942-00245269 the interval X K minus 1 X K plus 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00647-00245269-00245642 display style X underscore K 1 X
7P2AnSHpErE-00648-00245642-00245890 underscore K plus 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00649-00245891-00246844 hence the integrins of V J V K display
7P2AnSHpErE-00650-00246846-00247151 style Langille V underscore J V
7P2AnSHpErE-00651-00247152-00247877 underscore K R angle and Phi V
7P2AnSHpErE-00652-00247878-00248480 Jay v ke display style thigh V
7P2AnSHpErE-00653-00248481-00248869 underscore J V underscore K are
7P2AnSHpErE-00654-00248870-00249671 identically zero whenever J - K greater
7P2AnSHpErE-00655-00249672-00250205 than one display style JK greater than
7P2AnSHpErE-00656-00250206-00250410 one
7P2AnSHpErE-00657-00250411-00250861 similarly in the planar case if
7P2AnSHpErE-00658-00250862-00251809 x:j display style X underscore J and X K
7P2AnSHpErE-00659-00251810-00252236 display style X underscore K do not
7P2AnSHpErE-00660-00252237-00252479 share an edge of the triangulation than
7P2AnSHpErE-00661-00252480-00253648 the integrals Omega V J V ke D s
7P2AnSHpErE-00662-00253648-00253976 displace tile int underscore Omega V
7P2AnSHpErE-00663-00253977-00254589 underscore J V underscore K D s and
7P2AnSHpErE-00664-00254590-00255723 mega v j v k d s display style int
7P2AnSHpErE-00665-00255723-00256098 underscore omega nabla v underscore j c
7P2AnSHpErE-00666-00256098-00256821 do t nabla v underscore k d s are both 0
7P2AnSHpErE-00667-00256823-00257163 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00668-00257164-00257792 topic matrix form of the problem
7P2AnSHpErE-00669-00257794-00258155 if we write you
7P2AnSHpErE-00670-00258156-00259631 x equals K equals 1 n u K V
7P2AnSHpErE-00671-00259632-00260051 X display style you X equals sum
7P2AnSHpErE-00672-00260052-00260371 underscore K equals one carat and you
7P2AnSHpErE-00673-00260373-00261169 underscore K V underscore K X and F x
7P2AnSHpErE-00674-00261169-00261833 equals K equals one
7P2AnSHpErE-00675-00261834-00262914 and f k v k x display style f x equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00676-00262915-00263270 sum underscore k equals 1 carat n f
7P2AnSHpErE-00677-00263271-00263753 underscore k v underscore k x then
7P2AnSHpErE-00678-00263754-00264883 problem 3 taking v x equals V J X
7P2AnSHpErE-00679-00264884-00265328 display style V X equals V underscore J
7P2AnSHpErE-00680-00265329-00265652 X 4
7P2AnSHpErE-00681-00265653-00266396 a equals 1 n display style J equals 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00682-00266397-00267784 dots n becomes minus K equals 1 n u K
7P2AnSHpErE-00683-00267785-00268339 Phi V K
7P2AnSHpErE-00684-00268340-00269340 v j equals k equals y
7P2AnSHpErE-00685-00269341-00270526 n f k v ke V J D
7P2AnSHpErE-00686-00270527-00270967 X display style sum underscore K equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00687-00270968-00271345 one carat and you underscore K Phi V
7P2AnSHpErE-00688-00271346-00271750 underscore K V underscore J equals sum
7P2AnSHpErE-00689-00271751-00272065 underscore K equals one carat NF
7P2AnSHpErE-00690-00272066-00272425 underscore K into V underscore K V
7P2AnSHpErE-00691-00272426-00273299 underscore J DX for J equals one
7P2AnSHpErE-00692-00273300-00274013 n display style J equals 1 dots n for if
7P2AnSHpErE-00693-00274014-00274517 we denote by you display style math bf
7P2AnSHpErE-00694-00274518-00274895 you and
7P2AnSHpErE-00695-00274896-00275305 display style math BFF the column
7P2AnSHpErE-00696-00275306-00275979 vectors u1 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00697-00275980-00276433 n:t display style you underscore one
7P2AnSHpErE-00698-00276434-00277059 dots you underscore and carat T and F
7P2AnSHpErE-00699-00277060-00277936 one F n T display style F underscore one
7P2AnSHpErE-00700-00277937-00278416 dots F underscore and carat T and if we
7P2AnSHpErE-00701-00278417-00278974 let L equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00702-00278975-00279577 i J display style L equals L underscore
7P2AnSHpErE-00703-00279578-00279917 IJ and
7P2AnSHpErE-00704-00279918-00280335 M equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00705-00280336-00280926 i J display style M equals M underscore
7P2AnSHpErE-00706-00280927-00281549 IJ B matrices whose entries are L
7P2AnSHpErE-00707-00281550-00282908 i J equals Phi V I V J display East
7P2AnSHpErE-00708-00282909-00283256 aisle L underscore IJ equals Phi V
7P2AnSHpErE-00709-00283257-00283902 underscore I V underscore J and M
7P2AnSHpErE-00710-00283903-00285112 i J equals V I V J D
7P2AnSHpErE-00711-00285113-00285603 X display style M underscore I J equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00712-00285604-00286055 int V underscore I V underscore J DX
7P2AnSHpErE-00713-00286056-00287162 then we may rephrase for as - L u equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00714-00287163-00287672 F display style l math BF u equals M
7P2AnSHpErE-00715-00287673-00288107 math BFF five it is not necessary to
7P2AnSHpErE-00716-00288108-00289082 assume F X equals K equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00717-00289083-00289900 n f k v k
7P2AnSHpErE-00718-00289901-00290329 X display style F X equals sum
7P2AnSHpErE-00719-00290330-00290638 underscore K equals 1 carat and F
7P2AnSHpErE-00720-00290639-00291135 underscore K V underscore K X for a
7P2AnSHpErE-00721-00291136-00291849 general function f X display style F X
7P2AnSHpErE-00722-00291850-00293074 problem 3 with V X equals V J X display
7P2AnSHpErE-00723-00293075-00293787 style V X equals V underscore jx4 J
7P2AnSHpErE-00724-00293788-00294544 equals 1 N display style J equals 1 dots
7P2AnSHpErE-00725-00294545-00294940 n becomes actually simpler since no
7P2AnSHpErE-00726-00294941-00295842 matrix M display style M is used minus L
7P2AnSHpErE-00727-00295843-00296644 u equals B display style L math BF u
7P2AnSHpErE-00728-00296645-00297669 equals math bf b 6 where B equals B
7P2AnSHpErE-00729-00297670-00298498 be n:t display style math bf B equals B
7P2AnSHpErE-00730-00298499-00298819 underscore one dots be underscore n
7P2AnSHpErE-00731-00298820-00299327 carrot t and b
7P2AnSHpErE-00732-00299328-00300201 J equals F V J D
7P2AnSHpErE-00733-00300202-00300669 X display style be underscore J equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00734-00300670-00301215 in death V underscore J DX for
7P2AnSHpErE-00735-00301216-00301985 J equals 1 n display style J equals 1
7P2AnSHpErE-00736-00301986-00302526 dots n as we have discussed before most
7P2AnSHpErE-00737-00302527-00303113 of the entries of L display style L and
7P2AnSHpErE-00738-00303114-00303696 M display style M are 0 because the
7P2AnSHpErE-00739-00303697-00304317 basis functions v k display style v
7P2AnSHpErE-00740-00304318-00304800 underscore k have small support so we
7P2AnSHpErE-00741-00304801-00305003 now have to solve a linear system in the
7P2AnSHpErE-00742-00305004-00305702 unknown u display style math BF u where
7P2AnSHpErE-00743-00305703-00306077 most of the entries of the matrix l
7P2AnSHpErE-00744-00306078-00306477 display style l which we need to invert
7P2AnSHpErE-00745-00306478-00306667 our 0
7P2AnSHpErE-00746-00306668-00306883 such matrices are known as sparse
7P2AnSHpErE-00747-00306884-00307120 matrices and there are efficient solvers
7P2AnSHpErE-00748-00307121-00307348 for such problems much more efficient
7P2AnSHpErE-00749-00307349-00307555 than actually inverting the matrix
7P2AnSHpErE-00750-00307556-00308182 in addition L display style L is
7P2AnSHpErE-00751-00308183-00308413 symmetric and positive-definite so a
7P2AnSHpErE-00752-00308414-00308581 technique such as the conjugate gradient
7P2AnSHpErE-00753-00308582-00308917 method is favored for problems that are
7P2AnSHpErE-00754-00308918-00309117 not too large sparse Lu decomposition
7P2AnSHpErE-00755-00309118-00309433 Xand cholesky decomposition still work
7P2AnSHpErE-00756-00309434-00309751 well for instance ma t ellaby's
7P2AnSHpErE-00757-00309752-00310054 backslash operator which uses sparse lu
7P2AnSHpErE-00758-00310055-00310324 sparse cholesky and other factorization
7P2AnSHpErE-00759-00310325-00310534 methods can be sufficient for meshes
7P2AnSHpErE-00760-00310535-00310837 with a hundred thousand vertices the
7P2AnSHpErE-00761-00310838-00311452 matrix l display style L is usually
7P2AnSHpErE-00762-00311453-00311614 referred to as the stiffness matrix
7P2AnSHpErE-00763-00311615-00312226 while the matrix M display style M is
7P2AnSHpErE-00764-00312227-00312621 dubbed the mass matrix
7P2AnSHpErE-00765-00312622-00312873 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00766-00312874-00313221 topic general form of the finite element
7P2AnSHpErE-00767-00313222-00313587 method
7P2AnSHpErE-00768-00313588-00313872 in general the finite element method is
7P2AnSHpErE-00769-00313873-00314144 characterized by the following process
7P2AnSHpErE-00770-00314145-00314676 one chooses a grid for Omega display
7P2AnSHpErE-00771-00314677-00315024 style Omega in the proceeding treatment
7P2AnSHpErE-00772-00315025-00315279 the grid consisted of triangles but one
7P2AnSHpErE-00773-00315280-00315474 can also use squares or curvilinear
7P2AnSHpErE-00774-00315475-00315846 polygons then one chooses basis
7P2AnSHpErE-00775-00315847-00316119 functions in our discussion we used
7P2AnSHpErE-00776-00316120-00316377 piecewise linear basis functions but it
7P2AnSHpErE-00777-00316378-00316563 is also common to use piecewise
7P2AnSHpErE-00778-00316564-00316824 polynomial basis functions a separate
7P2AnSHpErE-00779-00316825-00317028 consideration as the smoothness of the
7P2AnSHpErE-00780-00317029-00317292 basis functions for second order
7P2AnSHpErE-00781-00317293-00317499 elliptic boundary value problems
7P2AnSHpErE-00782-00317500-00317787 piecewise polynomial basis function that
7P2AnSHpErE-00783-00317788-00318045 are merely continuous suffice ie the
7P2AnSHpErE-00784-00318046-00318270 derivatives are discontinuous for higher
7P2AnSHpErE-00785-00318271-00318531 order partial differential equations one
7P2AnSHpErE-00786-00318532-00318776 must use smoother basis functions for
7P2AnSHpErE-00787-00318777-00319071 instance for a fourth order problem such
7P2AnSHpErE-00788-00319072-00320463 as u X X X X + u Y
7P2AnSHpErE-00789-00320464-00320804 why
7P2AnSHpErE-00790-00320805-00321401 equals F display style you underscore 4x
7P2AnSHpErE-00791-00321402-00321941 plus u underscore y YY y equals f one
7P2AnSHpErE-00792-00321942-00322169 may use piecewise quadratic basis
7P2AnSHpErE-00793-00322170-00322793 functions that are C one display style C
7P2AnSHpErE-00794-00322794-00323162 carat one another consideration as the
7P2AnSHpErE-00795-00323163-00323434 relation of the finite dimensional space
7P2AnSHpErE-00796-00323435-00323966 V display style V to its infinite
7P2AnSHpErE-00797-00323967-00324194 dimensional counterpart in the examples
7P2AnSHpErE-00798-00324195-00324633 above H zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00799-00324634-00325017 one display style h underscore zero
7P2AnSHpErE-00800-00325018-00325413 carat one a conforming element method as
7P2AnSHpErE-00801-00325414-00325931 one in which the space v display style V
7P2AnSHpErE-00802-00325932-00326253 is a subspace of the elements base for
7P2AnSHpErE-00803-00326254-00326556 the continuous problem the example above
7P2AnSHpErE-00804-00326557-00326823 as such a method if this condition is
7P2AnSHpErE-00805-00326824-00327099 not satisfied we obtain a non conforming
7P2AnSHpErE-00806-00327100-00327303 element method an example of which is
7P2AnSHpErE-00807-00327304-00327546 the space of piecewise linear functions
7P2AnSHpErE-00808-00327547-00327753 over the mesh which are continuous at
7P2AnSHpErE-00809-00327754-00328047 each edge midpoint since these functions
7P2AnSHpErE-00810-00328048-00328269 are in general discontinuous along the
7P2AnSHpErE-00811-00328270-00328533 edges this finite dimensional space is
7P2AnSHpErE-00812-00328534-00328752 not a subspace of the original h o1
7P2AnSHpErE-00813-00328753-00329103 display style h underscore zero carat
7P2AnSHpErE-00814-00329104-00329358 one typically one has an algorithm for
7P2AnSHpErE-00815-00329359-00329601 taking a given mesh and subdividing it
7P2AnSHpErE-00816-00329602-00329859 if the main method for increasing
7P2AnSHpErE-00817-00329860-00330099 precision as to subdivide the mesh one
7P2AnSHpErE-00818-00330100-00330339 has an H method H is customarily the
7P2AnSHpErE-00819-00330340-00330567 diameter of the largest element in the
7P2AnSHpErE-00820-00330568-00330780 mesh in this manner
7P2AnSHpErE-00821-00330781-00330987 if one shows that the error with a grid
7P2AnSHpErE-00822-00330988-00331275 H display style H is bounded above by
7P2AnSHpErE-00823-00331276-00331698 CHP display style CH carat P for some C
7P2AnSHpErE-00824-00331699-00331974 infinity display style C and P greater
7P2AnSHpErE-00825-00331975-00332238 than zero display style P greater than
7P2AnSHpErE-00826-00332239-00332496 zero then one has an order P method
7P2AnSHpErE-00827-00332497-00332838 under certain hypotheses for instance if
7P2AnSHpErE-00828-00332839-00333066 the domain is convex a piecewise
7P2AnSHpErE-00829-00333067-00333354 polynomial of order D display style D
7P2AnSHpErE-00830-00333355-00333573 method will have an error of order P
7P2AnSHpErE-00831-00333574-00333915 equals D plus one display style P equals
7P2AnSHpErE-00832-00333916-00334236 D plus one if instead of making H
7P2AnSHpErE-00833-00334237-00334473 smaller one increases the degree of the
7P2AnSHpErE-00834-00334474-00334719 polynomials used in the basis function
7P2AnSHpErE-00835-00334720-00335064 one has a P method if one combines these
7P2AnSHpErE-00836-00335065-00335346 two refinement types one obtains an HP
7P2AnSHpErE-00837-00335347-00335733 method HP fem in the HP fem the
7P2AnSHpErE-00838-00335734-00335985 polynomial degrees can vary from element
7P2AnSHpErE-00839-00335986-00336291 to element high order methods with large
7P2AnSHpErE-00840-00336292-00336552 uniform P are called spectral finite
7P2AnSHpErE-00841-00336553-00336900 element methods s Fe M these are not to
7P2AnSHpErE-00842-00336901-00337158 be confused with spectral methods for
7P2AnSHpErE-00843-00337159-00337362 vector partial differential equations
7P2AnSHpErE-00844-00337363-00337626 the basis functions may take values in
7P2AnSHpErE-00845-00337627-00337945 RN display style math BB are
7P2AnSHpErE-00846-00337946-00338176 carrot and
7P2AnSHpErE-00847-00338177-00338540 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00848-00338541-00338876 topic various types of finite element
7P2AnSHpErE-00849-00338877-00339294 methods
7P2AnSHpErE-00850-00339295-00339635 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00851-00339636-00340164 topic a eeehm
7P2AnSHpErE-00852-00340165-00340413 the applied element method or AEM
7P2AnSHpErE-00853-00340414-00340652 combines features of both FEM and
7P2AnSHpErE-00854-00340653-00341003 discrete element method or dem
7P2AnSHpErE-00855-00341004-00341343 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00856-00341344-00342019 topic generalized finite element method
7P2AnSHpErE-00857-00342020-00342289 the generalized finite element method
7P2AnSHpErE-00858-00342290-00342616 GFE M uses local spaces consisting of
7P2AnSHpErE-00859-00342617-00342879 functions not necessarily polynomials
7P2AnSHpErE-00860-00342880-00343063 that reflect the available information
7P2AnSHpErE-00861-00343064-00343315 on the unknown solution and thus ensure
7P2AnSHpErE-00862-00343316-00343573 good local approximation then a
7P2AnSHpErE-00863-00343574-00343837 partition of unity is used to bond these
7P2AnSHpErE-00864-00343838-00344010 spaces together to form the
7P2AnSHpErE-00865-00344011-00344304 approximating subspace the effectiveness
7P2AnSHpErE-00866-00344305-00344610 of GFE M has been shown when applied to
7P2AnSHpErE-00867-00344611-00344859 problems with domains having complicated
7P2AnSHpErE-00868-00344860-00345105 boundaries problems with micro scales
7P2AnSHpErE-00869-00345106-00345567 and problems with boundary layers
7P2AnSHpErE-00870-00345568-00345820 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00871-00345821-00346442 topic mixed finite element method
7P2AnSHpErE-00872-00346443-00346690 the mixed finite element method
7P2AnSHpErE-00873-00346691-00346902 type of finite element method in which
7P2AnSHpErE-00874-00346903-00347103 extra independent variables are
7P2AnSHpErE-00875-00347104-00347338 introduced as nodal variables during the
7P2AnSHpErE-00876-00347339-00347569 discretization of a partial differential
7P2AnSHpErE-00877-00347570-00347912 equation problem
7P2AnSHpErE-00878-00347913-00348165 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00879-00348166-00348708 topic HP femme
7P2AnSHpErE-00880-00348709-00348988 the HP femme combines adaptively
7P2AnSHpErE-00881-00348989-00349233 elements with variable size H and
7P2AnSHpErE-00882-00349234-00349513 polynomial degree P in order to achieve
7P2AnSHpErE-00883-00349514-00349695 exceptionally fast exponential
7P2AnSHpErE-00884-00349696-00349975 convergence rates
7P2AnSHpErE-00885-00349976-00350314 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00886-00350315-00350894 topic hpk fem
7P2AnSHpErE-00887-00350895-00351287 the hpk fem combines adaptively elements
7P2AnSHpErE-00888-00351288-00351539 with variable size h polynomial degree
7P2AnSHpErE-00889-00351540-00351821 of the local approximations p and global
7P2AnSHpErE-00890-00351822-00351989 differentiability of the local
7P2AnSHpErE-00891-00351990-00352274 approximations k-1 in order to achieve
7P2AnSHpErE-00892-00352275-00352594 best convergence rates
7P2AnSHpErE-00893-00352595-00352933 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00894-00352934-00353478 topic X Fe M
7P2AnSHpErE-00895-00353479-00353823 the extended finite element method xfe M
7P2AnSHpErE-00896-00353824-00354063 is a numerical technique based on the
7P2AnSHpErE-00897-00354064-00354351 generalized finite element method GFE M
7P2AnSHpErE-00898-00354352-00354647 and the partition of unity method pum it
7P2AnSHpErE-00899-00354648-00354912 extends the classical finite element
7P2AnSHpErE-00900-00354913-00355122 method by enriching the solution space
7P2AnSHpErE-00901-00355123-00355368 for solutions to differential equations
7P2AnSHpErE-00902-00355369-00355689 with discontinuous functions extended
7P2AnSHpErE-00903-00355690-00355893 finite element methods enrich the
7P2AnSHpErE-00904-00355894-00356100 approximation space so that it is able
7P2AnSHpErE-00905-00356101-00356331 to naturally reproduce the challenging
7P2AnSHpErE-00906-00356332-00356544 feature associated with the problem of
7P2AnSHpErE-00907-00356545-00356829 interest the discontinuity singularity
7P2AnSHpErE-00908-00356830-00357189 boundary layer etc it was shown that for
7P2AnSHpErE-00909-00357190-00357390 some problems such an embedding of the
7P2AnSHpErE-00910-00357391-00357594 problems feature into the approximation
7P2AnSHpErE-00911-00357595-00357783 space can significantly improve
7P2AnSHpErE-00912-00357784-00358131 convergence rates and accuracy moreover
7P2AnSHpErE-00913-00358132-00358383 treating problems with discontinuities
7P2AnSHpErE-00914-00358384-00358668 with xfe M suppresses the need to mesh
7P2AnSHpErE-00915-00358669-00358899 and remesh the discontinuity surfaces
7P2AnSHpErE-00916-00358900-00359169 thus alleviating the computational costs
7P2AnSHpErE-00917-00359170-00359382 and projection errors associated with
7P2AnSHpErE-00918-00359383-00359607 conventional finite element methods at
7P2AnSHpErE-00919-00359608-00359748 the cost of restricting the
7P2AnSHpErE-00920-00359749-00360096 discontinuities to mesh edges several
7P2AnSHpErE-00921-00360097-00360318 research codes implement this technique
7P2AnSHpErE-00922-00360319-00360845 to various degrees one get fem plus plus
7P2AnSHpErE-00923-00360846-00361392 2x fe m plus plus three open XM plus
7P2AnSHpErE-00924-00361393-00361821 plus X Fe M has also been implemented in
7P2AnSHpErE-00925-00361822-00362142 codes like Altair radios aster Morphy o
7P2AnSHpErE-00926-00362143-00362442 and abacus it is increasingly being
7P2AnSHpErE-00927-00362443-00362655 adopted by other commercial finite
7P2AnSHpErE-00928-00362656-00362904 element software with a few plugins and
7P2AnSHpErE-00929-00362905-00363153 actual core implementations available an
7P2AnSHpErE-00930-00363154-00363729 sis SI m c e f oo fe li e etc
7P2AnSHpErE-00931-00363730-00364066 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00932-00364067-00364414 topic scaled boundary finite element
7P2AnSHpErE-00933-00364415-00364930 method SB Fe M
7P2AnSHpErE-00934-00364931-00365173 the introduction of the scaled boundary
7P2AnSHpErE-00935-00365174-00365494 finite element method SB Fe M came from
7P2AnSHpErE-00936-00365495-00365974 song in wolf 1997 the SB FIM has been
7P2AnSHpErE-00937-00365975-00366205 one of the most profitable contributions
7P2AnSHpErE-00938-00366206-00366448 in the area of numerical analysis of
7P2AnSHpErE-00939-00366449-00366775 fracture mechanics problems it is a semi
7P2AnSHpErE-00940-00366776-00366991 analytical fundamental solution 'less
7P2AnSHpErE-00941-00366992-00367219 method which combines the advantages of
7P2AnSHpErE-00942-00367220-00367477 both the finite element formulations and
7P2AnSHpErE-00943-00367478-00367678 procedures and the boundary element
7P2AnSHpErE-00944-00367679-00367960 discretization however unlike the
7P2AnSHpErE-00945-00367961-00368182 boundary element method no fundamental
7P2AnSHpErE-00946-00368183-00368565 differential solution is required
7P2AnSHpErE-00947-00368566-00368904 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00948-00368905-00369412 topic s femme
7P2AnSHpErE-00949-00369413-00369718 the SFM smooth finite element methods
7P2AnSHpErE-00950-00369719-00369937 are a particular class of numerical
7P2AnSHpErE-00951-00369938-00370189 simulation algorithms for the simulation
7P2AnSHpErE-00952-00370190-00370473 of physical phenomena it was developed
7P2AnSHpErE-00953-00370474-00370683 by combining mesh free methods with the
7P2AnSHpErE-00954-00370684-00370958 finite element method
7P2AnSHpErE-00955-00370959-00371299 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00956-00371300-00371705 topic spectral element method
7P2AnSHpErE-00957-00371706-00371907 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00958-00371908-00372150 spectral element methods combine the
7P2AnSHpErE-00959-00372151-00372417 geometric flexibility of finite elements
7P2AnSHpErE-00960-00372418-00372609 and the acute accuracy of spectral
7P2AnSHpErE-00961-00372610-00372870 methods spectral methods are the
7P2AnSHpErE-00962-00372871-00373065 approximate solution of weak form
7P2AnSHpErE-00963-00373066-00373287 partial equations that are based on high
7P2AnSHpErE-00964-00373288-00373512 order Lagrangian interpolant and used
7P2AnSHpErE-00965-00373513-00373874 only with certain quadrature rules
7P2AnSHpErE-00966-00373875-00374215 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00967-00374216-00374780 topic mesh free methods
7P2AnSHpErE-00968-00374781-00375109 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00969-00375110-00375780 topic discontinuous galerkin methods
7P2AnSHpErE-00970-00375781-00376117 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00971-00376118-00376794 topic finite element limit analysis
7P2AnSHpErE-00972-00376795-00377134 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00973-00377135-00377722 topic stretched grid method
7P2AnSHpErE-00974-00377723-00378054 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00975-00378055-00378478 topic Lubin yak iteration
7P2AnSHpErE-00976-00378479-00378651 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00977-00378652-00378918 Lubin yak iteration as an iterative
7P2AnSHpErE-00978-00378919-00379328 method in finite element methods
7P2AnSHpErE-00979-00379329-00379600 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00980-00379601-00379822 topic linked with the gradient
7P2AnSHpErE-00981-00379823-00380109 discretization method
7P2AnSHpErE-00982-00380110-00380342 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00983-00380343-00380597 some types of finite element methods
7P2AnSHpErE-00984-00380598-00380864 conforming non conforming mixed finite
7P2AnSHpErE-00985-00380865-00381106 element methods are particular cases of
7P2AnSHpErE-00986-00381107-00381378 the gradient discretization method gdm
7P2AnSHpErE-00987-00381379-00381652 hence the convergence properties of the
7P2AnSHpErE-00988-00381653-00381910 gdm which are established for a series
7P2AnSHpErE-00989-00381911-00382145 of problems linear and nonlinear
7P2AnSHpErE-00990-00382146-00382421 elliptic problems linear nonlinear and
7P2AnSHpErE-00991-00382422-00382660 degenerate parabolic problems hold as
7P2AnSHpErE-00992-00382661-00382892 well for these particular finite element
7P2AnSHpErE-00993-00382893-00383094 methods
7P2AnSHpErE-00994-00383095-00383457 you
7P2AnSHpErE-00995-00383458-00383748 topic comparison to the finite
7P2AnSHpErE-00996-00383749-00384203 difference method
7P2AnSHpErE-00997-00384204-00384524 the finite difference method FDM is an
7P2AnSHpErE-00998-00384525-00384695 alternative way of approximating
7P2AnSHpErE-00999-00384696-00385028 solutions of PDS the differences between
7P2AnSHpErE-01000-00385029-00385391 FEM and FDM are the most attractive
7P2AnSHpErE-01001-00385392-00385604 feature of the fem as its ability to
7P2AnSHpErE-01002-00385605-00385832 handle complicated geometries and
7P2AnSHpErE-01003-00385833-00386183 boundaries with relative ease while FDM
7P2AnSHpErE-01004-00386184-00386414 in its basic form is restricted to
7P2AnSHpErE-01005-00386415-00386627 handle rectangular shapes and simple
7P2AnSHpErE-01006-00386628-00386843 alterations thereof the handling of
7P2AnSHpErE-01007-00386844-00387068 geometries in FEM as theoretically
7P2AnSHpErE-01008-00387069-00387452 straightforward FDM is not usually used
7P2AnSHpErE-01009-00387453-00387728 for irregular cad geometries but more
7P2AnSHpErE-01010-00387729-00388018 often rectangular or block shaped models
7P2AnSHpErE-01011-00388019-00388298 the most attractive feature of finite
7P2AnSHpErE-01012-00388299-00388523 differences as that it is very easy to
7P2AnSHpErE-01013-00388524-00388853 implement there are several ways one
7P2AnSHpErE-01014-00388854-00389096 could consider the FDM a special case of
7P2AnSHpErE-01015-00389097-00389462 the FEM approach eg first order FEM is
7P2AnSHpErE-01016-00389463-00389732 identical to FDM for poissons equation
7P2AnSHpErE-01017-00389733-00389990 if the problem is discretized by a
7P2AnSHpErE-01018-00389991-00390191 regular rectangular mesh with each
7P2AnSHpErE-01019-00390192-00390469 rectangle divided into two triangles
7P2AnSHpErE-01020-00390470-00390713 there are reasons to consider the
7P2AnSHpErE-01021-00390714-00390926 mathematical foundation of the finite
7P2AnSHpErE-01022-00390927-00391175 element approximation more sound for
7P2AnSHpErE-01023-00391176-00391358 instance because the quality of the
7P2AnSHpErE-01024-00391359-00391583 approximation between grid points is
7P2AnSHpErE-01025-00391584-00391792 poor in FDM
7P2AnSHpErE-01026-00391793-00392055 the quality of a fem approximation is
7P2AnSHpErE-01027-00392056-00392266 often higher than in the corresponding
7P2AnSHpErE-01028-00392267-00392491 FDM approach but this is extremely
7P2AnSHpErE-01029-00392492-00392746 problem dependent and several examples
7P2AnSHpErE-01030-00392747-00392910 to the contrary can be provided
7P2AnSHpErE-01031-00392911-00393199 generally FEM as the method of choice in
7P2AnSHpErE-01032-00393200-00393424 all types of analysis in structural
7P2AnSHpErE-01033-00393425-00393708 mechanics ie solving for deformation and
7P2AnSHpErE-01034-00393709-00393984 stresses in solid bodies or dynamics of
7P2AnSHpErE-01035-00393985-00394198 structures while computational fluid
7P2AnSHpErE-01036-00394199-00394581 dynamics CFD tends to use FDM or other
7P2AnSHpErE-01037-00394582-00394934 methods like finite volume method fvm
7P2AnSHpErE-01038-00394935-00395215 CFD problems usually require
7P2AnSHpErE-01039-00395216-00395437 discretization of the problem into a
7P2AnSHpErE-01040-00395438-00395658 large number of cells grid points
7P2AnSHpErE-01041-00395659-00395890 millions and more therefore cost of the
7P2AnSHpErE-01042-00395891-00396142 solution favors simpler lower order
7P2AnSHpErE-01043-00396143-00396442 approximation within each cell this is
7P2AnSHpErE-01044-00396443-00396664 especially true for external flow
7P2AnSHpErE-01045-00396665-00396925 problems like air flow around the car or
7P2AnSHpErE-01046-00396926-00397281 airplane or weather simulation
7P2AnSHpErE-01047-00397282-00397645 you
7P2AnSHpErE-01048-00397646-00398193 topic application
7P2AnSHpErE-01049-00398194-00398480 a variety of specializations under the
7P2AnSHpErE-01050-00398481-00398673 umbrella of the mechanical engineering
7P2AnSHpErE-01051-00398674-00398884 discipline such as aeronautical
7P2AnSHpErE-01052-00398885-00399134 biomechanical and automotive industries
7P2AnSHpErE-01053-00399135-00399393 commonly use integrated FEM in design
7P2AnSHpErE-01054-00399394-00399602 and development of their products
7P2AnSHpErE-01055-00399603-00399891 several modern FEM packages include
7P2AnSHpErE-01056-00399892-00400127 specific components such as thermal
7P2AnSHpErE-01057-00400128-00400365 electromagnetic fluid and structural
7P2AnSHpErE-01058-00400366-00400641 working environments in a structural
7P2AnSHpErE-01059-00400642-00400902 simulation FEM helps tremendously in
7P2AnSHpErE-01060-00400903-00401066 producing stiffness and strength
7P2AnSHpErE-01061-00401067-00401325 visualizations and also in minimizing
7P2AnSHpErE-01062-00401326-00401637 weight materials and costs FEM allows
7P2AnSHpErE-01063-00401638-00401844 detailed visualization of where
7P2AnSHpErE-01064-00401845-00402080 structures bandar twist and indicates
7P2AnSHpErE-01065-00402081-00402260 the distribution of stresses and
7P2AnSHpErE-01066-00402261-00402584 displacements FEM software provides a
7P2AnSHpErE-01067-00402585-00402819 wide range of simulation options for
7P2AnSHpErE-01068-00402820-00402990 controlling the complexity of both
7P2AnSHpErE-01069-00402991-00403244 modeling and analysis of a system
7P2AnSHpErE-01070-00403245-00403530 similarly the desired level of accuracy
7P2AnSHpErE-01071-00403531-00403812 required and associated computational
7P2AnSHpErE-01072-00403813-00404008 time requirements can be managed
7P2AnSHpErE-01073-00404009-00404196 simultaneously to address most
7P2AnSHpErE-01074-00404197-00404531 engineering applications family's entire
7P2AnSHpErE-01075-00404532-00404817 designs to be constructed refined and
7P2AnSHpErE-01076-00404818-00404984 optimized before the design is
7P2AnSHpErE-01077-00404985-00405300 manufactured the mesh is an integral
7P2AnSHpErE-01078-00405301-00405465 part of the model and it must be
7P2AnSHpErE-01079-00405466-00405648 controlled carefully to give the best
7P2AnSHpErE-01080-00405649-00405930 results generally the higher the number
7P2AnSHpErE-01081-00405931-00406191 of elements in a mesh the more accurate
7P2AnSHpErE-01082-00406192-00406422 the solution of the discretized problem
7P2AnSHpErE-01083-00406423-00406709 however there is a value at which the
7P2AnSHpErE-01084-00406710-00406910 results converge and further mesh
7P2AnSHpErE-01085-00406911-00407174 refinement does not increase accuracy
7P2AnSHpErE-01086-00407175-00407451 this powerful design tool has
7P2AnSHpErE-01087-00407452-00407694 significantly improved both the standard
7P2AnSHpErE-01088-00407695-00407862 of engineering designs and the
7P2AnSHpErE-01089-00407863-00408096 methodology of the design process in
7P2AnSHpErE-01090-00408097-00408372 many industrial applications the
7P2AnSHpErE-01091-00408373-00408612 introduction of FEM has substantially
7P2AnSHpErE-01092-00408613-00408822 decreased the time to take products from
7P2AnSHpErE-01093-00408823-00409113 concept to the production line it is
7P2AnSHpErE-01094-00409114-00409310 primarily through improved initial
7P2AnSHpErE-01095-00409311-00409587 prototype designs using FEM that testing
7P2AnSHpErE-01096-00409588-00409793 and development have been accelerated
7P2AnSHpErE-01097-00409794-00410103 in summary benefits of FEM include
7P2AnSHpErE-01098-00410104-00410372 increased accuracy enhanced design and
7P2AnSHpErE-01099-00410373-00410555 better insight into critical design
7P2AnSHpErE-01100-00410556-00410838 parameters virtual prototyping fewer
7P2AnSHpErE-01101-00410839-00411084 Hardware prototypes a faster and less
7P2AnSHpErE-01102-00411085-00411309 expensive design cycle increased
7P2AnSHpErE-01103-00411310-00411539 productivity and increased revenue in
7P2AnSHpErE-01104-00411541-00411572 the
7P2AnSHpErE-01105-00411573-00411884 ESV was proposed for use in stochastic
7P2AnSHpErE-01106-00411885-00412091 modeling for numerically solving
7P2AnSHpErE-01107-00412092-00412293 probability models and later for
7P2AnSHpErE-01108-00412293-00412574 reliability assessment the stochastic
7P2AnSHpErE-01109-00412575-00412805 finite element method has since been
7P2AnSHpErE-01110-00412806-00413030 applied to many branches of engineering
7P2AnSHpErE-01111-00413031-00413228 often being applied to characterize
7P2AnSHpErE-01112-00413229-00413626 variability in material properties
7P2AnSHpErE-01113-00413627-00413989 you
7P2AnSHpErE-01114-00413990-00414553 topic C also
7P2AnSHpErE-01115-00414554-00414925 applied element method boundary element
7P2AnSHpErE-01116-00414926-00415464 method say is lama computer experiment
7P2AnSHpErE-01117-00415464-00415857 direct stiffness method discontinuity
7P2AnSHpErE-01118-00415858-00416197 layout optimization discrete element
7P2AnSHpErE-01119-00416197-00416638 method finite difference method finite
7P2AnSHpErE-01120-00416639-00417007 element machine finite element method in
7P2AnSHpErE-01121-00417008-00417337 structural mechanics finite volume
7P2AnSHpErE-01122-00417338-00417691 method finite volume method for unsteady
7P2AnSHpErE-01123-00417692-00418141 flow infinite element method interval
7P2AnSHpErE-01124-00418142-00418566 finite element ISO geometric analysis
7P2AnSHpErE-01125-00418567-00418968 lattice Boltzmann methods list of finite
7P2AnSHpErE-01126-00418970-00419302 element software packages mesh free
7P2AnSHpErE-01127-00419303-00419772 methods moveable cellular automaton
7P2AnSHpErE-01128-00419772-00420096 multidisciplinary design optimization
7P2AnSHpErE-01129-00420097-00420574 multiphysics patch test rayleigh ritz
7P2AnSHpErE-01130-00420575-00421039 method space mapping tessellation
7P2AnSHpErE-01131-00421039-00421585 computer graphics weak and weak form
7Pf4hu5Sxw0-00000-00000395-00002325 [Music]
7Pf4hu5Sxw0-00001-00002326-00003606 [Music]
7Pf4hu5Sxw0-00002-00003607-00003824 do
7Pf4hu5Sxw0-00003-00003825-00004958 [Music]
7Pf4hu5Sxw0-00004-00004959-00005619 [Music]
7Pf4hu5Sxw0-00006-00009360-00009511 so
7Pf4hu5Sxw0-00007-00009512-00012484 [Music]
7Pf4hu5Sxw0-00008-00012485-00012591 [Music]
7Pf4hu5Sxw0-00009-00012592-00012800 you
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00000-00000006-00000407 [Music]
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00001-00000408-00000607 and i own the whole
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00002-00000608-00000919 tech world youtube channel and nobody
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00003-00000919-00001350 else owns it it's me on channel
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00004-00001351-00002412 no partnership it's
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00005-00002413-00002615 [Music]
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00006-00002616-00003506 such as
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00007-00003507-00004351 [Music]
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00008-00004352-00004711 all available on the limited area next
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00009-00004712-00005006 sliding this cookie
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00010-00005007-00005359 review html
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00011-00005360-00005638 anything mmm of the screens as well as
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00012-00005639-00005751 the camera
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00013-00005752-00006175 which the user might notice simultaneous
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00014-00006176-00007567 go over to top
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00015-00007568-00009846 hmm
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00016-00009847-00010225 yes
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00017-00010226-00011759 [Music]
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00018-00011760-00012055 various functions such as the time
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00019-00012056-00012374 called history classification and even
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00020-00012375-00012559 the music player
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00021-00012560-00012871 interference all available on limiting
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00022-00012872-00013375 area next sliding
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00023-00013376-00013527 second pose
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00024-00013528-00013615 means
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00025-00013616-00013966 80 mm of the screen as well as the
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00026-00013968-00014750 camera
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00027-00014751-00014966 [Music]
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00028-00014968-00015063 this
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00029-00015063-00015383 is a fitting configuration
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00030-00015384-00015535 for talking
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00031-00015536-00015638 taking
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00032-00015640-00015879 selfies or video calls and other
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00033-00015880-00016671 functioning links in the screen
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00034-00016672-00017002 i'm holding the entire phone
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00035-00017003-00018158 [Music]
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00036-00018159-00018471 well today i would like to invite a new
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00037-00018472-00018791 guest member to our video especially
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00038-00018792-00018927 only for this
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00039-00018928-00019207 well let's welcome our guest member with
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00040-00019208-00019375 no introduction
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00041-00019376-00019535 mr joker
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00042-00019536-00019863 so it's an honor to meet him and he's
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00043-00019864-00020039 going to be our guest number only for
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00044-00020040-00020286 this review of tech world he's also
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00045-00020287-00020543 going to be reviewing with us just only
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00046-00020544-00020694 for this little review so that's why
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00047-00020695-00020847 he's a guest member
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00048-00020848-00021727 of our music so
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00049-00021728-00022266 so
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00050-00022267-00022639 [Music]
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00051-00022640-00022839 the phone in its folder state is 64
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00052-00022840-00023063 millimeters by the 86 millimeters the
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00053-00023064-00023230 size of a credit card featuring three
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00054-00023231-00023375 changes folding over in the same
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00055-00023376-00023655 directions like in inch wall the phone
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00056-00023656-00023855 makes use of its multiple joints to win
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00057-00023856-00023975 a website
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00058-00023976-00024142 and you can be transformed only by the
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00059-00024143-00024350 user's one-time operation now let's say
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00060-00024351-00024494 the more specifications are like more
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00061-00024495-00024789 features about this phone
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00062-00024790-00025014 [Music]
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00063-00025015-00025183 now you guys might be wondering why are
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00064-00025184-00025286 we fine
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00065-00025287-00025383 isn't
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00066-00025384-00025527 weird that i've been behind curtains all
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00067-00025528-00025743 day well i would like to you know
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00068-00025744-00025918 introduce you guys to a just a guest
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00069-00025919-00026190 member for this video only well you can
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00070-00026191-00026383 say i have a particular relation to him
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00071-00026383-00027723 well that's welcome our guest member
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00072-00027724-00028046 [Music]
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00073-00028047-00028287 hi guys so
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00074-00028288-00028527 hi guys welcome back to tech so now you
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00075-00028527-00028687 guys might be wondering why am i
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00076-00028688-00028879 standing in front of this white curtain
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00077-00028880-00029174 i'm trying to do a review well today i'm
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00078-00029175-00029390 not gonna be doing a normal review it's
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00079-00029391-00029702 just gonna be a review or a
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00080-00029704-00029879 video of facts
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00081-00029880-00030174 so now facts yes we're gonna be doing a
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00082-00030175-00030535 new video about the five futuristic real
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00083-00030536-00030767 phones in our world currently now
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00084-00030768-00030967 there's also an interesting surprise
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00085-00030968-00031118 we're gonna be doing today
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00086-00031119-00031311 well it is about
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00087-00031312-00031614 the collaboration of me and my partner
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00088-00031616-00031902 today so it would be exciting to meet
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00089-00031903-00032023 him but
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00090-00032024-00032183 for that reason
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00091-00032183-00032407 i will have to first continue the review
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00092-00032408-00032655 and you guys will see him in the midway
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00093-00032656-00032790 so why don't we begin with the review
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00094-00032791-00032943 okay so
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00095-00032944-00033143 so let's begin with our review of the
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00096-00033144-00033623 five futuristic real phones in our world
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00097-00033624-00033943 [Music]
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00098-00033944-00034207 hey guys welcome back to tech world so
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00099-00034208-00034407 you guys might be wondering why am i
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00100-00034408-00034711 standing here and trying to do a typical
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00101-00034712-00035015 ruby well today i'm going to be doing a
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00102-00035016-00035262 collaboration you might have seen my
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00103-00035263-00035527 partner coming up to the stage
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00104-00035528-00035759 like this several times
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00105-00035760-00036367 so why don't i welcome my partner
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00106-00036368-00036623 hey guys welcome back to tech one so now
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00107-00036624-00036879 you guys might be wondering why am i
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00108-00036880-00037118 standing in front of this white curtain
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00109-00037119-00037335 and trying to do a typical review over
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00110-00037336-00037655 here well today i'm gonna be doing my
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00111-00037656-00037918 collaboration with my partner
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00112-00037919-00038167 jones so if you guys can see here my
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00113-00038168-00038318 name is jones as you know i'm part of
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00114-00038319-00038423 textbook
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00115-00038424-00038615 yes so he has done many collaborations
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00116-00038616-00038702 with me
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00117-00038703-00038879 well today we're going to be doing one
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00118-00038880-00039135 review but just an information about
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00119-00039136-00039302 saffron so we're going to be telling you
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00120-00039303-00039671 guys about four futuristic real four
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00121-00039672-00039983 five i mean in the sense five futuristic
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00122-00039984-00040143 real phones
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00123-00040144-00040255 so for that
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00124-00040256-00040471 let's head into the first phone oppo
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00125-00040472-00040662 slide four
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00126-00040663-00040902 so among the foldable smartphones with
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00127-00040903-00041095 the oled panel
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00128-00041096-00041367 monitors developed in the recent years
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00129-00041368-00041662 must follow the trend of phone folding
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00130-00041663-00041958 to the size of a standard smartphone and
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00131-00041959-00042295 also unfold into a screen two or three
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00132-00042296-00042511 times as big
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00133-00042512-00042839 now by using the forwarding technology
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00134-00042840-00043174 portability was enhanced exploiting the
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00135-00043175-00043351 compactness
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00136-00043352-00043687 our build for new sense of humor
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00137-00043688-00044030 functional functionality instead of
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00138-00044031-00044287 screening band enlarged
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00139-00044288-00044615 now why not i introduce you to the next
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00140-00044616-00044879 most interesting life hey stop let me
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00141-00044880-00045163 stick
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00142-00045164-00045455 [Music]
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00143-00045456-00045727 so basically i am not going to be doing
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00144-00045728-00046023 a review today yes it is a review but it
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00145-00046024-00046871 is about five futuristic phones
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00146-00046872-00047219 hey guys welcome back
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00147-00047220-00048735 [Music]
7SwUQ4kyuh8-00148-00048736-00048944 you
7SF46GY2J5I-00000-00000053-00000350 Lazarus as a free cross-platform visual
7SF46GY2J5I-00001-00000351-00000563 integrated development environment IDE
7SF46GY2J5I-00002-00000564-00000805 for rapid application development read
7SF46GY2J5I-00003-00000806-00001184 using the free Pascal compiler software
7SF46GY2J5I-00004-00001185-00001427 developers use Lazarus to create native
7SF46GY2J5I-00005-00001428-00001592 code console and graphical user
7SF46GY2J5I-00006-00001593-00001850 interface guei applications for the
7SF46GY2J5I-00007-00001851-00002117 desktop and also for mobile devices web
7SF46GY2J5I-00008-00002118-00002351 applications web services visual
7SF46GY2J5I-00009-00002352-00002560 components and function libraries for a
7SF46GY2J5I-00010-00002561-00002785 number of different platforms including
7SF46GY2J5I-00011-00002786-00003137 Mac Linux and Windows an application
7SF46GY2J5I-00012-00003138-00003359 created using Lazarus on one platform
7SF46GY2J5I-00013-00003360-00003631 can generally compile and execute on any
7SF46GY2J5I-00014-00003632-00003832 platform for which a free Pascal
7SF46GY2J5I-00015-00003833-00004132 compiler exists for desktop applications
7SF46GY2J5I-00016-00004133-00004436 a single source can target Mac Linux and
7SF46GY2J5I-00017-00004437-00004627 Windows with little or no modification
7SF46GY2J5I-00018-00004628-00004996 an example as the Lazarus IDE itself
7SF46GY2J5I-00019-00004997-00005188 created from a single codebase and
7SF46GY2J5I-00020-00005189-00005368 available on all major platforms
7SF46GY2J5I-00021-00005369-00006095 including the raspberry pi
7SF46GY2J5I-00022-00006096-00006613 topic features
7SF46GY2J5I-00023-00006614-00006831 Lazarus provides a highly visual
7SF46GY2J5I-00024-00006833-00007048 development environment for the creation
7SF46GY2J5I-00025-00007048-00007300 of rich user interfaces application
7SF46GY2J5I-00026-00007301-00007470 logic and other supporting code
7SF46GY2J5I-00027-00007472-00007728 artifacts similar to Borland Delphi
7SF46GY2J5I-00028-00007729-00008002 along with project management features
7SF46GY2J5I-00029-00008003-00008355 the Lazarus IDE also provides of
7SF46GY2J5I-00030-00008356-00008698 what-you-see-is-what-you-get w y si w YG
7SF46GY2J5I-00031-00008699-00009037 visual windows layout designer way
7SF46GY2J5I-00032-00009038-00009232 widgets or visual components such as
7SF46GY2J5I-00033-00009233-00009782 edit boxes buttons dialogs menus etc
7SF46GY2J5I-00034-00009783-00009974 non-visual components for common
7SF46GY2J5I-00035-00009975-00010148 behaviors such as persistence of
7SF46GY2J5I-00036-00010149-00010451 application settings data connectivity
7SF46GY2J5I-00037-00010452-00010811 components for mysql post GRE SQL
7SF46GY2J5I-00038-00010812-00011197 Firebird Oracle SQLite Sybase and others
7SF46GY2J5I-00039-00011198-00011483 data aware widget set that allows the
7SF46GY2J5I-00040-00011484-00011675 developer to see data in visual
7SF46GY2J5I-00041-00011676-00011870 components in the designer to assist
7SF46GY2J5I-00042-00011871-00012149 with development interactive code
7SF46GY2J5I-00043-00012150-00012637 debugger code completion code templates
7SF46GY2J5I-00044-00012638-00012980 syntax highlighting context-sensitive
7SF46GY2J5I-00045-00012981-00013301 help text resource manager for
7SF46GY2J5I-00046-00013302-00013426 internationalization
7SF46GY2J5I-00047-00013427-00013730 internationalization automatic code
7SF46GY2J5I-00048-00013731-00014035 formatting the ability to create custom
7SF46GY2J5I-00049-00014036-00014547 components
7SF46GY2J5I-00050-00014547-00015199 topic cross-platform development
7SF46GY2J5I-00051-00015200-00015496 Lazarus uses free Pascal as its back-end
7SF46GY2J5I-00052-00015497-00015772 compiler therefore Lazarus can
7SF46GY2J5I-00053-00015772-00015934 theoretically be used to develop
7SF46GY2J5I-00054-00015935-00016191 applications for all platforms supported
7SF46GY2J5I-00055-00016193-00016531 by free Pascal Lazarus provides a
7SF46GY2J5I-00056-00016532-00016738 cross-platform application framework
7SF46GY2J5I-00057-00016739-00017011 called the lazarus component library LCL
7SF46GY2J5I-00058-00017012-00017218 which provides a single unified
7SF46GY2J5I-00059-00017219-00017437 interface for programmers with different
7SF46GY2J5I-00060-00017438-00017755 platform specific implementations using
7SF46GY2J5I-00061-00017756-00017977 LCL it is possible to create
7SF46GY2J5I-00062-00017978-00018220 applications in a write-once compile
7SF46GY2J5I-00063-00018221-00018444 anywhere manner unless system dependent
7SF46GY2J5I-00064-00018445-00019104 features are used explicitly
7SF46GY2J5I-00065-00019105-00019655 topic cross-compiling
7SF46GY2J5I-00066-00019656-00019967 as free Pascal supports cross-compiling
7SF46GY2J5I-00067-00019968-00020122 Lazarus applications can be
7SF46GY2J5I-00068-00020123-00020375 cross-compiled from Windows to Linux Mac
7SF46GY2J5I-00069-00020376-00020797 OS etc and vice-versa applications for
7SF46GY2J5I-00070-00020798-00020993 embedded devices smartphones
7SF46GY2J5I-00071-00020994-00021308 PDAs routers game consoles can be cross
7SF46GY2J5I-00072-00021309-00022030 compiled from any desktop platform
7SF46GY2J5I-00073-00022031-00022663 topic Lazarus component library
7SF46GY2J5I-00074-00022664-00022888 the standard application framework
7SF46GY2J5I-00075-00022889-00023176 Lazarus component library LCL was
7SF46GY2J5I-00076-00023177-00023365 originally modeled after the visual
7SF46GY2J5I-00077-00023366-00023704 component library VCL in delphi 6 and
7SF46GY2J5I-00078-00023705-00023959 unlike delphi is not restricted to
7SF46GY2J5I-00079-00023960-00024292 Microsoft Windows operating systems this
7SF46GY2J5I-00080-00024293-00024523 is done by separating the definition of
7SF46GY2J5I-00081-00024524-00024718 common widget classes and their widget
7SF46GY2J5I-00082-00024719-00025033 set specific implementation each widget
7SF46GY2J5I-00083-00025034-00025213 set is supported by providing an
7SF46GY2J5I-00084-00025214-00025411 interface which interacts directly with
7SF46GY2J5I-00085-00025412-00025987 the set
7SF46GY2J5I-00086-00025988-00026595 topic database development
7SF46GY2J5I-00087-00026597-00026842 developers can install packages that
7SF46GY2J5I-00088-00026843-00027017 allow Lazarus to support several
7SF46GY2J5I-00089-00027018-00027382 database management systems DBMS es
7SF46GY2J5I-00090-00027383-00027698 programs can interact with DBMS es
7SF46GY2J5I-00091-00027699-00027935 through code or by components dropped on
7SF46GY2J5I-00092-00027936-00028304 a form the following DBMS es are
7SF46GY2J5I-00093-00028305-00028610 supported out-of-the-box debase and
7SF46GY2J5I-00094-00028611-00028849 FoxPro supported through the TD bf
7SF46GY2J5I-00095-00028850-00029343 component interbase Firebird c1
7SF46GY2J5I-00096-00029344-00029718 Microsoft sequel server and Sybase ASE
7SF46GY2J5I-00097-00029719-00030514 c2 MySQL and MariaDB c3 ODBC databases
7SF46GY2J5I-00098-00030514-00031686 c4 oracle c5 postgre SQL c6 SQLite c7
7SF46GY2J5I-00099-00031687-00032008 simple local flat-file databases through
7SF46GY2J5I-00100-00032009-00032339 TB UF dataset team M dataset and tsdf
7SF46GY2J5I-00101-00032339-00032913 dataset
7SF46GY2J5I-00102-00032914-00033535 topic differences from Delphi
7SF46GY2J5I-00103-00033536-00033783 while resembling Delphi in many ways
7SF46GY2J5I-00104-00033784-00034008 there are a few limitations regarding
7SF46GY2J5I-00105-00034009-00034167 the performance and feature set
7SF46GY2J5I-00106-00034168-00034504 including under windows the default size
7SF46GY2J5I-00107-00034505-00034746 of an executable file as larger than the
7SF46GY2J5I-00108-00034747-00034999 delphi 6 or delphi 7 equivalent as
7SF46GY2J5I-00109-00035000-00035220 lazarus stores debug information within
7SF46GY2J5I-00110-00035221-00035430 the executable rather than as separate
7SF46GY2J5I-00111-00035431-00035868 files from release 0.9 point 3 o lazarus
7SF46GY2J5I-00112-00035869-00036117 supports external debug symbols program
7SF46GY2J5I-00113-00036118-00036315 file size can be significantly reduced
7SF46GY2J5I-00114-00036316-00036583 by using an external symbols file it can
7SF46GY2J5I-00115-00036584-00036820 be set in compiler options or by using
7SF46GY2J5I-00116-00036821-00037126 strip components for Delphi can be
7SF46GY2J5I-00117-00037127-00037327 installed in lazarus but they must be
7SF46GY2J5I-00118-00037328-00037536 converted which can be complex less
7SF46GY2J5I-00119-00037537-00038035 complex since FP 2.4 X based 0.9 point 3
7SF46GY2J5I-00120-00038036-00038377 o missing important media libraries and
7SF46GY2J5I-00121-00038378-00038683 widgets microsoft office connectivity
7SF46GY2J5I-00122-00038684-00039124 before FPC 2 point 6.0 release popping
7SF46GY2J5I-00123-00039125-00039342 up Excel with a simple table filled out
7SF46GY2J5I-00124-00039343-00039751 in two point 6.0 and higher works data
7SF46GY2J5I-00125-00039752-00039993 snap not a publicly documented system
7SF46GY2J5I-00126-00039994-00040221 Embarcadero proprietary Enterprise
7SF46GY2J5I-00127-00040222-00040536 functionality networking is mostly
7SF46GY2J5I-00128-00040537-00040849 available no support to directly call
7SF46GY2J5I-00129-00040850-00041190 dotnet libraries it is possible to call
7SF46GY2J5I-00130-00041191-00041517 object pascal code from dotnet software
7SF46GY2J5I-00131-00041518-00041811 comm support was missing until version
7SF46GY2J5I-00132-00041812-00042252 2.2 point o missing dynamically loadable
7SF46GY2J5I-00133-00042253-00042476 packages support
7SF46GY2J5I-00134-00042477-00042796 not 100% compatible with vcl as
7SF46GY2J5I-00135-00042797-00043043 mentioned previously this is by design
7SF46GY2J5I-00136-00043044-00043310 although the current LCL widget set
7SF46GY2J5I-00137-00043311-00043621 should suffice for most applications but
7SF46GY2J5I-00138-00043622-00043814 this makes the deep repository of
7SF46GY2J5I-00139-00043815-00044071 available VCL widgets inaccessible
7SF46GY2J5I-00140-00044072-00044360 without conversion the conversion effort
7SF46GY2J5I-00141-00044361-00044570 mostly involves some editing although
7SF46GY2J5I-00142-00044571-00044785 there are a few fundamental differences
7SF46GY2J5I-00143-00044786-00045062 when porting missing units in the
7SF46GY2J5I-00144-00045063-00045239 libraries and comm support are a
7SF46GY2J5I-00145-00045240-00045415 considerably bigger problem than
7SF46GY2J5I-00146-00045416-00046273 incompatibilities between LCL and VCL
7SF46GY2J5I-00147-00046274-00046915 topic distribution and licensing
7SF46GY2J5I-00148-00046916-00047195 like free Pascal Lazarus as free
7SF46GY2J5I-00149-00047196-00047411 software different portions are
7SF46GY2J5I-00150-00047412-00047570 distributed under different free
7SF46GY2J5I-00151-00047571-00048026 software licenses including GPL LGPL MPL
7SF46GY2J5I-00152-00048027-00048286 and a modified version of LGPL
7SF46GY2J5I-00153-00048287-00048586 specifically the LCL which is statically
7SF46GY2J5I-00154-00048587-00048805 built into the produced executables is
7SF46GY2J5I-00155-00048806-00049030 licensed under a modified version of the
7SF46GY2J5I-00156-00049031-00049330 LGPL granting extra permissions to allow
7SF46GY2J5I-00157-00049331-00049495 it to be statically built into the
7SF46GY2J5I-00158-00049496-00049705 produced software including proprietary
7SF46GY2J5I-00159-00049706-00050120 ones installing a design-time package as
7SF46GY2J5I-00160-00050121-00050302 equivalent to linking to the IDE thus
7SF46GY2J5I-00161-00050303-00050561 distributing the Lazarus ID with a GPL
7SF46GY2J5I-00162-00050562-00050842 incompatible design-time package eg the
7SF46GY2J5I-00163-00050843-00051043 jedi' packages which are licensed under
7SF46GY2J5I-00164-00051044-00051283 the Mozilla Public License pre-installed
7SF46GY2J5I-00165-00051284-00051568 would cause a license violation this
7SF46GY2J5I-00166-00051569-00051793 however does not prohibit proprietary
7SF46GY2J5I-00167-00051794-00051970 packages from being developed with
7SF46GY2J5I-00168-00051971-00052544 Lazarus
7SF46GY2J5I-00169-00052545-00053066 topic history
7SF46GY2J5I-00170-00053066-00053333 the first attempt to develop a visual ID
7SF46GY2J5I-00171-00053334-00053680 for free Pascal dates back to 1998 when
7SF46GY2J5I-00172-00053682-00053948 the megiddo project commenced for
7SF46GY2J5I-00173-00053949-00054149 various reasons this approach failed
7SF46GY2J5I-00174-00054150-00054395 some of megiddo x' developers then
7SF46GY2J5I-00175-00054396-00054614 started a new project based on a more
7SF46GY2J5I-00176-00054615-00054896 flexible foundation the first
7SF46GY2J5I-00177-00054897-00055160 preliminary LCL version was ready for
7SF46GY2J5I-00178-00055161-00055499 release in 2001 and in 2003 the first
7SF46GY2J5I-00179-00055500-00055913 beta version of lazarus 90.3 was hosted
7SF46GY2J5I-00180-00055914-00056213 at SourceForge the first final Lazarus
7SF46GY2J5I-00181-00056214-00056537 version 1.0 was released in 2012 and
7SF46GY2J5I-00182-00056538-00056846 significantly enhanced Lazarus 1.2 with
7SF46GY2J5I-00183-00056847-00057205 was released in 2014 more than 4 million
7SF46GY2J5I-00184-00057207-00057416 downloads had been made from SourceForge
7SF46GY2J5I-00185-00057416-00057891 as of March 2014 the name lazarus
7SF46GY2J5I-00186-00057892-00058145 alludes to the revival of the megiddo
7SF46GY2J5I-00187-00058146-00058439 concept it is inspired by Lazarus of
7SF46GY2J5I-00188-00058440-00058658 Bethany who according to the Gospel of
7SF46GY2J5I-00189-00058659-00058928 John was restored to life by Jesus four
7SF46GY2J5I-00190-00058929-00059555 days after his death
7SF46GY2J5I-00191-00059557-00059914 topic versions
7SF46GY2J5I-00192-00059915-00060119 you
7SF46GY2J5I-00193-00060120-00060400 topic examples of applications produced
7SF46GY2J5I-00194-00060401-00060584 with Lazarus as sweet as a free
7SF46GY2J5I-00195-00060585-00060791 open-source application launcher for
7SF46GY2J5I-00196-00060791-00061166 windows from 2.0 alpha 2 it's fully
7SF46GY2J5I-00197-00061166-00061565 written in Lazarus FPC beyond compare is
7SF46GY2J5I-00198-00061566-00061792 a data comparison utility for Windows
7SF46GY2J5I-00199-00061794-00062162 Mac OS and Linux the Mac OS and Linux
7SF46GY2J5I-00200-00062163-00062479 versions are compiled using Lazarus FPC
7SF46GY2J5I-00201-00062479-00062776 cart do seal is a free planetarium
7SF46GY2J5I-00202-00062777-00063137 program for Linux Mac OS and Windows the
7SF46GY2J5I-00203-00063138-00063379 software maps out and labels most of the
7SF46GY2J5I-00204-00063380-00063611 constellations planets and objects you
7SF46GY2J5I-00205-00063612-00063880 can see with a telescope it is fully
7SF46GY2J5I-00206-00063882-00064132 written in Lazarus FPC and released
7SF46GY2J5I-00207-00064133-00064499 under GPL cheat engine as an open source
7SF46GY2J5I-00208-00064500-00064847 memory scanner hex editor debugger it is
7SF46GY2J5I-00209-00064848-00065062 useful for cheating in computer games
7SF46GY2J5I-00210-00065063-00065407 since version 6.0 it is compiled with
7SF46GY2J5I-00211-00065408-00065831 lazarus FPC EP a net a software package
7SF46GY2J5I-00212-00065832-00066062 for modeling water distribution systems
7SF46GY2J5I-00213-00066063-00066449 h NS KY hello northern sky as a free
7SF46GY2J5I-00214-00066450-00066647 planetarium program for windows and
7SF46GY2J5I-00215-00066648-00067079 linux since version 3.4 point o written
7SF46GY2J5I-00216-00067080-00067460 and compiled with lazarus FPC minor tex
7SF46GY2J5I-00217-00067461-00067732 as a free software for Ganu linux useful
7SF46GY2J5I-00218-00067733-00068042 to take and to manage textual notes P
7SF46GY2J5I-00219-00068043-00068281 zip as an open source archiver made with
7SF46GY2J5I-00220-00068282-00068650 lazarus FPC tor chat is moving away from
7SF46GY2J5I-00221-00068651-00068918 python and is being rewritten in lazarus
7SF46GY2J5I-00222-00068919-00069317 plus free Pascal total commander 64-bit
7SF46GY2J5I-00223-00069318-00069524 version double commander as a
7SF46GY2J5I-00224-00069525-00069793 cross-platform open source file manager
7SF46GY2J5I-00225-00069794-00070100 with two panels side by side it is
7SF46GY2J5I-00226-00070101-00070334 inspired by total commander and features
7SF46GY2J5I-00227-00070335-00070576 some new ideas CUDA Tex does a
7SF46GY2J5I-00228-00070577-00070835 cross-platform open source text editor
7SF46GY2J5I-00229-00070836-00071093 co-edit renamed to dext is an IDE for
7SF46GY2J5I-00230-00071094-00071787 the D programming language
7SF46GY2J5I-00231-00071788-00072111 topic examples of Delphi libraries
7SF46GY2J5I-00232-00072112-00072636 compatible with Lazarus
7SF46GY2J5I-00233-00072637-00072917 listen as a free open goal-based library
7SF46GY2J5I-00234-00072918-00073128 that provides visual components and
7SF46GY2J5I-00235-00073129-00073301 objects allowing description and
7SF46GY2J5I-00236-00073302-00073671 rendering of 3d scenes open wire is an
7SF46GY2J5I-00237-00073672-00073919 open source library that allows pin type
7SF46GY2J5I-00238-00073920-00074096 properties to make connections between
7SF46GY2J5I-00239-00074097-00074393 LCL components similar to LabVIEW or
7SF46GY2J5I-00240-00074394-00074997 Agilent V
7SF46GY2J5I-00241-00074998-00075541 topic see also
7SF46GY2J5I-00242-00075542-00075993 free Pascal compiler dev Pascal
7SF46GY2J5I-00243-00075994-00076319 comparison of Pascal IDEs
7SF46GY2J5I-00244-00076320-00076832 bark Adaro delphi object pascal
7TL30SL6C94-00001-00005953-00006486 thank you laughs
7TL30SL6C94-00002-00006487-00008456 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00004-00012739-00012882 thank you
7TL30SL6C94-00005-00012883-00014227 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00006-00014228-00014575 thank you
7TL30SL6C94-00007-00014576-00014877 hey yeah
7TL30SL6C94-00008-00014878-00016283 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00010-00028658-00029486 thank you
7TL30SL6C94-00012-00034652-00034829 thank you
7TL30SL6C94-00013-00034830-00035390 hahaha
7TL30SL6C94-00015-00044359-00044582 thank you
7TL30SL6C94-00017-00049069-00049839 thank you
7TL30SL6C94-00018-00049840-00050410 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00019-00050411-00051878 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00020-00051879-00052465 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00021-00052466-00052782 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00022-00052783-00053172 thank you
7TL30SL6C94-00023-00053173-00054061 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00024-00054062-00054690 thank you
7TL30SL6C94-00025-00054691-00056429 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00026-00056430-00057104 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00027-00057104-00057886 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00028-00057887-00058395 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00029-00058396-00059326 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00030-00059327-00059929 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00031-00059929-00060055 thank you
7TL30SL6C94-00032-00060057-00060499 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00033-00060500-00060895 thank you
7TL30SL6C94-00034-00060896-00062115 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00036-00070094-00070847 no no no no no no no no no
7TL30SL6C94-00037-00070848-00071567 no no yeah
7TL30SL6C94-00038-00071568-00073046 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00039-00073047-00075979 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00040-00075980-00076555 thank you
7TL30SL6C94-00041-00076556-00077709 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00042-00077710-00078673 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00043-00078674-00079429 thank you
7TL30SL6C94-00044-00079430-00079614 oh yeah
7TL30SL6C94-00045-00079615-00080126 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00046-00080127-00080778 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00047-00080779-00083419 [Music]
7TL30SL6C94-00048-00083420-00083726 thank you
7WnnNavpooo-00000-00000208-00000430 hello children
7WnnNavpooo-00001-00000431-00000570 um
7WnnNavpooo-00002-00000571-00001247 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00003-00001248-00001358 left
7WnnNavpooo-00004-00001359-00001491 right
7WnnNavpooo-00005-00001492-00001711 left right
7WnnNavpooo-00006-00001712-00003529 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00007-00003531-00004351 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00008-00004352-00004574 down down
7WnnNavpooo-00009-00004575-00007414 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00010-00007415-00009353 oh
7WnnNavpooo-00011-00009354-00010103 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00012-00010104-00010676 me
7WnnNavpooo-00013-00010677-00012703 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00014-00012704-00014166 baby
7WnnNavpooo-00015-00014166-00015327 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00016-00015328-00015741 i'm getting a menu
7WnnNavpooo-00017-00015741-00017176 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00018-00017177-00017504 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00019-00017505-00017560 [Applause]
7WnnNavpooo-00020-00017561-00017991 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00021-00017992-00018185 three two one
7WnnNavpooo-00022-00018186-00018583 [Applause]
7WnnNavpooo-00023-00018584-00019013 yes
7WnnNavpooo-00024-00019014-00019659 [Applause]
7WnnNavpooo-00025-00019660-00020469 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00026-00020470-00021527 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00027-00021528-00021927 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00028-00021928-00022367 is
7WnnNavpooo-00029-00022368-00023268 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00030-00023269-00024158 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00031-00024159-00024999 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00032-00025000-00025230 nope
7WnnNavpooo-00033-00025231-00025567 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00034-00025568-00025967 i'll show you all the icons
7WnnNavpooo-00035-00025968-00027211 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00036-00027212-00029447 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00037-00029448-00030561 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00038-00030562-00030831 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00039-00030832-00031527 all right
7WnnNavpooo-00040-00031527-00032949 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00041-00032950-00033513 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00042-00033514-00034039 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00043-00034040-00034424 oh
7WnnNavpooo-00044-00034425-00035551 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00045-00035552-00035971 wow
7WnnNavpooo-00046-00035972-00036887 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00047-00036888-00037007 left
7WnnNavpooo-00048-00037008-00037127 right
7WnnNavpooo-00049-00037128-00037239 left
7WnnNavpooo-00050-00037240-00037358 right
7WnnNavpooo-00051-00037359-00038468 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00052-00038469-00039318 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00053-00039319-00041127 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00054-00041128-00041894 uh
7WnnNavpooo-00055-00041895-00042743 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00056-00042744-00042857 oh
7WnnNavpooo-00057-00042858-00044587 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00058-00044588-00044958 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00059-00044959-00045128 oh
7WnnNavpooo-00060-00045129-00047502 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00061-00047503-00047683 but there are
7WnnNavpooo-00062-00047684-00049620 challenges yes
7WnnNavpooo-00063-00049621-00050207 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00064-00050208-00050607 baby
7WnnNavpooo-00065-00050608-00051299 oh
7WnnNavpooo-00066-00051300-00052254 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00067-00052255-00052561 me
7WnnNavpooo-00068-00052562-00053854 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00069-00053855-00054388 um
7WnnNavpooo-00070-00054389-00056566 [Applause]
7WnnNavpooo-00071-00056567-00056878 now
7WnnNavpooo-00072-00056879-00058970 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00073-00058971-00060103 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00074-00060104-00062606 three two one
7WnnNavpooo-00075-00062607-00062766 oh
7WnnNavpooo-00076-00062767-00064342 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00077-00064344-00065199 be
7WnnNavpooo-00078-00065200-00066423 hey
7WnnNavpooo-00079-00066424-00067422 hey
7WnnNavpooo-00080-00067423-00068614 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00081-00068615-00069255 [Music]
7WnnNavpooo-00082-00069256-00069464 you
7X0UD-9g8dA-00000-00000110-00000733 [Music]
7X0UD-9g8dA-00001-00000734-00001186 major vehicle exchange presents 2016
7X0UD-9g8dA-00002-00001187-00001514 4415 on CDL used shuttle bus for sale
7X0UD-9g8dA-00003-00001515-00001807 stop the unbury for nine thirty one st
7X0UD-9g8dA-00004-00001809-00002077 christ twenty seven thousand nine
7X0UD-9g8dA-00005-00002078-00002384 hundred US dollars this one owner used
7X0UD-9g8dA-00006-00002385-00002630 bus for sale has clear title as per auto
7X0UD-9g8dA-00007-00002631-00002935 check it can accommodate up to fourteen
7X0UD-9g8dA-00008-00002936-00003164 passengers plus driver and his worthy
7X0UD-9g8dA-00009-00003165-00003406 for immediate delivery across the USA
7X0UD-9g8dA-00010-00003407-00003668 and Canada this bus is fully
7X0UD-9g8dA-00011-00003669-00003845 reconditioned in ready for church
7X0UD-9g8dA-00012-00003846-00004138 shuttle and limo service schools
7X0UD-9g8dA-00013-00004139-00004438 employee shuttle airport and hotel
7X0UD-9g8dA-00014-00004439-00004754 service tour charter team sports and
7X0UD-9g8dA-00015-00004755-00005093 much more it is fully detailed in the
7X0UD-9g8dA-00016-00005094-00005338 excellent condition both inside and out
7X0UD-9g8dA-00017-00005339-00005645 we have retouched the exterior detailed
7X0UD-9g8dA-00018-00005646-00005867 and inspected this bus from bumper to
7X0UD-9g8dA-00019-00005868-00006041 bumper to give it a like new appearance
7X0UD-9g8dA-00020-00006042-00006338 as part of our regular reconditioning
7X0UD-9g8dA-00021-00006339-00006563 process the bus was fully serviced and
7X0UD-9g8dA-00022-00006564-00006809 inspected any repairs were done as
7X0UD-9g8dA-00023-00006809-00007034 needed to make this bus fit for any use
7X0UD-9g8dA-00024-00007034-00007306 there are no known problems with this
7X0UD-9g8dA-00025-00007308-00007609 vehicle in the bus is 100% ready to go
7X0UD-9g8dA-00026-00007611-00007934 test drives welcomed its five-speed
7X0UD-9g8dA-00027-00007934-00008116 automatic transmission with overdrive
7X0UD-9g8dA-00028-00008117-00008405 shifts smoothly in the drive tree feels
7X0UD-9g8dA-00029-00008406-00008681 like new this bus is very roomy and
7X0UD-9g8dA-00030-00008682-00008899 spacious guaranteed to provide
7X0UD-9g8dA-00031-00008900-00009131 passengers and drivers with the smooth
7X0UD-9g8dA-00032-00009132-00009395 and comfortable ride the vinyl seats
7X0UD-9g8dA-00033-00009396-00009569 with seat belts are in excellent
7X0UD-9g8dA-00034-00009570-00009764 condition as well as the rest of the
7X0UD-9g8dA-00035-00009765-00010067 cabin it is clean lightly used in
7X0UD-9g8dA-00036-00010068-00010337 perfect for church groups large families
7X0UD-9g8dA-00037-00010338-00010601 or group travel and is ideal for school
7X0UD-9g8dA-00038-00010602-00010921 activity out ease for hotel airport and
7X0UD-9g8dA-00039-00010922-00011381 casino runs it is 6.8 liter v10 Triton
7X0UD-9g8dA-00040-00011382-00011578 gas engine which delivers superb
7X0UD-9g8dA-00041-00011579-00011774 performance in power under
7X0UD-9g8dA-00042-00011775-00012032 all electrical and mechanical equipment
7X0UD-9g8dA-00043-00012033-00012266 is in proper working order and all
7X0UD-9g8dA-00044-00012267-00012470 fluids have been checked and changed as
7X0UD-9g8dA-00045-00012471-00012746 needed this bus has numerous features
7X0UD-9g8dA-00046-00012747-00013021 like tinted glass windows electric
7X0UD-9g8dA-00047-00013022-00013361 passenger door anti-lock brakes power
7X0UD-9g8dA-00048-00013362-00013669 windows and door locks cruise control in
7X0UD-9g8dA-00049-00013670-00013972 tilt wheel reclining driver and co-pilot
7X0UD-9g8dA-00050-00013974-00014285 seats with entrance steps 84,000 miles
7X0UD-9g8dA-00051-00014286-00014555 high capacity front and rear air
7X0UD-9g8dA-00052-00014556-00014894 conditioning am/fm CD stereo system with
7X0UD-9g8dA-00053-00014894-00015166 speakers throughout stainless steel
7X0UD-9g8dA-00054-00015168-00015391 entry rails with vanity panels and
7X0UD-9g8dA-00055-00015393-00015680 overhead and rails interior luggage rack
7X0UD-9g8dA-00056-00015681-00015977 vinyl seating with seat belts for 14
7X0UD-9g8dA-00057-00015978-00016271 passengers plus driver padded interior
7X0UD-9g8dA-00058-00016272-00016559 with overhead lighting and finally the
7X0UD-9g8dA-00059-00016560-00016778 tires with new chrome wheel covers are
7X0UD-9g8dA-00060-00016779-00016967 in excellent condition with more than
7X0UD-9g8dA-00061-00016968-00017291 85% of tread remaining for more
7X0UD-9g8dA-00062-00017292-00017534 information on our quality used buses
7X0UD-9g8dA-00063-00017535-00018029 for sale visit www.gfi.com/webmonitor
7X1vDXewsCM-00000-00000003-00000250 welcome to why Australia needs a
7X1vDXewsCM-00001-00000252-00000590 radically new defense policy my name is
7X1vDXewsCM-00002-00000591-00000802 Tony our skin and I'm the still
7X1vDXewsCM-00003-00000803-00001010 relatively new director of the Coral
7X1vDXewsCM-00004-00001011-00001291 Bell school of Asia Pacific affairs now
7X1vDXewsCM-00005-00001292-00001483 to begin I would like to acknowledge and
7X1vDXewsCM-00006-00001484-00001732 celebrate the first Australians on whose
7X1vDXewsCM-00007-00001734-00001973 traditional lands we meet and pay my
7X1vDXewsCM-00008-00001973-00002138 respects to the elders of the Ngunnawal
7X1vDXewsCM-00009-00002139-00002551 people past and present I'd also like to
7X1vDXewsCM-00010-00002552-00002767 note that this event including the Q&A
7X1vDXewsCM-00011-00002768-00003032 session will be recorded and available
7X1vDXewsCM-00012-00003033-00003461 online in the coming days we have three
7X1vDXewsCM-00013-00003461-00003813 very distinguished speakers here tonight
7X1vDXewsCM-00014-00003814-00004199 emeritus professor Paul Dib honorary
7X1vDXewsCM-00015-00004200-00004447 professor Richard Robin Smith and
7X1vDXewsCM-00016-00004448-00004745 honorary professor Brendan Sargent I
7X1vDXewsCM-00017-00004746-00005066 want to say a few words about our
7X1vDXewsCM-00018-00005067-00005333 speakers tonight although I realized
7X1vDXewsCM-00019-00005334-00005534 that for most of you they require very
7X1vDXewsCM-00020-00005535-00005793 little in the way of introduction
7X1vDXewsCM-00021-00005794-00006102 Paul Dib who will speak first is
7X1vDXewsCM-00022-00006103-00006326 emeritus professor of Strategic Studies
7X1vDXewsCM-00023-00006327-00006595 in the Bell school strategic and defense
7X1vDXewsCM-00024-00006597-00006910 Studies Center here at Anu he was head
7X1vDXewsCM-00025-00006911-00007058 of the strategic and defence Studies
7X1vDXewsCM-00026-00007059-00007573 Centre from 1991 until 2003 his previous
7X1vDXewsCM-00027-00007575-00007867 positions include deputy secretary for
7X1vDXewsCM-00028-00007868-00008105 strategy and intelligence in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00029-00008106-00008384 department of defense director of the
7X1vDXewsCM-00030-00008385-00008603 Defense Intelligence Organisation and
7X1vDXewsCM-00031-00008604-00008855 head of the National Assessment staff in
7X1vDXewsCM-00032-00008856-00009049 the National Intelligence Committee
7X1vDXewsCM-00033-00009050-00009339 tonight he will talk to us about
7X1vDXewsCM-00034-00009340-00009571 Australia's deteriorating strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00035-00009572-00009902 outlook how China is threatening our
7X1vDXewsCM-00036-00009903-00010208 strategic space why the u.s. is becoming
7X1vDXewsCM-00037-00010209-00010595 a less reliable ally and why we need to
7X1vDXewsCM-00038-00010596-00010939 become more self-reliant Richard
7X1vDXewsCM-00039-00010940-00011221 Robinson is an honorary professor at the
7X1vDXewsCM-00040-00011222-00011428 Bell Schools strategic and defense
7X1vDXewsCM-00041-00011429-00011645 studies Center where he follows his
7X1vDXewsCM-00042-00011646-00011863 interest in Australian and regional
7X1vDXewsCM-00043-00011864-00012191 security previously he held a wide
7X1vDXewsCM-00044-00012192-00012439 variety of senior policy and corporate
7X1vDXewsCM-00045-00012440-00012664 management positions in the Department
7X1vDXewsCM-00046-00012665-00012739 of Defense
7X1vDXewsCM-00047-00012740-00013001 these included deputy secretary for
7X1vDXewsCM-00048-00013002-00013172 strategic policy
7X1vDXewsCM-00049-00013172-00013547 chief defense scientist he will focus on
7X1vDXewsCM-00050-00013547-00013811 why defense warning time has now
7X1vDXewsCM-00051-00013812-00014027 dramatically shortened because of the
7X1vDXewsCM-00052-00014028-00014233 potential threat from China's military
7X1vDXewsCM-00053-00014234-00014477 capabilities and he will examine the
7X1vDXewsCM-00054-00014478-00014749 consequent implications for the ADF
7X1vDXewsCM-00055-00014750-00015025 Brendan Sargent is also an honorary
7X1vDXewsCM-00056-00015026-00015272 professor in the bells schools strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00057-00015272-00015488 and defense studies Center he's held
7X1vDXewsCM-00058-00015488-00015740 many senior positions in defense and
7X1vDXewsCM-00059-00015741-00016049 other government departments from 2013
7X1vDXewsCM-00060-00016050-00016193 until 2017
7X1vDXewsCM-00061-00016194-00016424 he was the associate secretary of
7X1vDXewsCM-00062-00016425-00016658 defense and from May to September of
7X1vDXewsCM-00063-00016659-00016883 last year he was acting secretary of
7X1vDXewsCM-00064-00016884-00017186 defense he will explain the crucial need
7X1vDXewsCM-00065-00017187-00017497 for a much more imaginative strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00066-00017498-00017731 policy that strengthens Australia's
7X1vDXewsCM-00067-00017732-00018005 ability to handle defense crises and he
7X1vDXewsCM-00068-00018006-00018194 will argue for a significantly increased
7X1vDXewsCM-00069-00018195-00018569 defense budget now Paul Dib told me
7X1vDXewsCM-00070-00018570-00018824 yesterday that together these three
7X1vDXewsCM-00071-00018825-00019127 speakers have worked in defense for more
7X1vDXewsCM-00072-00019128-00019355 than seventy years and I thought I
7X1vDXewsCM-00073-00019356-00019609 should check that claim before repeating
7X1vDXewsCM-00074-00019610-00019912 it tonight based on my own calculations
7X1vDXewsCM-00075-00019913-00020090 these three gentlemen if worked in
7X1vDXewsCM-00076-00020091-00020336 defense for a combined total of 80 years
7X1vDXewsCM-00077-00020337-00020719 eight zero so tonight we have the
7X1vDXewsCM-00078-00020720-00020999 opportunity to listen to analyses with
7X1vDXewsCM-00079-00021000-00021422 80 years experience behind them each of
7X1vDXewsCM-00080-00021423-00021559 our distinguished speakers will speak
7X1vDXewsCM-00081-00021560-00021875 for about 15 minutes leaving ample time
7X1vDXewsCM-00082-00021876-00022139 for questions so please do have your
7X1vDXewsCM-00083-00022140-00022483 questions ready let's begin I'd like to
7X1vDXewsCM-00084-00022484-00022661 invite emeritus professor Dib to the
7X1vDXewsCM-00085-00022662-00022911 lectern please
7X1vDXewsCM-00086-00022912-00023700 [Applause]
7X1vDXewsCM-00087-00023701-00024019 well thank you professor asking them so
7X1vDXewsCM-00088-00024020-00024196 you've now got the Asian troika of
7X1vDXewsCM-00089-00024197-00024472 professors and I didn't serve the
7X1vDXewsCM-00090-00024473-00024856 longest in defense lab 33 years Brenden
7X1vDXewsCM-00091-00024857-00025708 29 me only 18 okay Australia's
7X1vDXewsCM-00092-00025708-00025870 international security outlook is
7X1vDXewsCM-00093-00025870-00026086 starting to look very unpredictable and
7X1vDXewsCM-00094-00026087-00026370 potentially threatening Australian
7X1vDXewsCM-00095-00026372-00026542 Defence planners must now deal with the
7X1vDXewsCM-00096-00026543-00026800 world which is very different from any
7X1vDXewsCM-00097-00026801-00027097 they have known before America is
7X1vDXewsCM-00098-00027098-00027364 undermining the international order it
7X1vDXewsCM-00099-00027364-00027651 has started what looks like a trade war
7X1vDXewsCM-00100-00027652-00027880 and it is threatening of the unity of
7X1vDXewsCM-00101-00027881-00028227 NATO at the same time China and Russia
7X1vDXewsCM-00102-00028229-00028383 are becoming increasingly assertive
7X1vDXewsCM-00103-00028385-00028683 militarily and aligned in their west
7X1vDXewsCM-00104-00028685-00029002 anti Western attitudes all this is
7X1vDXewsCM-00105-00029002-00029239 taking place at the same time as a
7X1vDXewsCM-00106-00029239-00029479 crisis of democracy in the West is
7X1vDXewsCM-00107-00029480-00029698 distracting it from wielding national
7X1vDXewsCM-00108-00029699-00030016 power America's new national defense
7X1vDXewsCM-00109-00030017-00030262 strategy launched by defense secretary
7X1vDXewsCM-00110-00030263-00030535 mattis in January this year proclaims of
7X1vDXewsCM-00111-00030536-00030783 interstate strategic competition and not
7X1vDXewsCM-00112-00030785-00031102 terrorism is now the primary concern for
7X1vDXewsCM-00113-00031102-00031377 US national security the central
7X1vDXewsCM-00114-00031379-00031567 challenge to us prosperity and security
7X1vDXewsCM-00115-00031568-00031858 he says is the re-emergence of long term
7X1vDXewsCM-00116-00031858-00032164 strategic competition by the revisionist
7X1vDXewsCM-00117-00032164-00032488 powers of China and Russia which want to
7X1vDXewsCM-00118-00032489-00032698 shape a world consistent with their
7X1vDXewsCM-00119-00032699-00033055 authoritarian models long term strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00120-00033056-00033328 competition with China and Russia is now
7X1vDXewsCM-00121-00033329-00033517 the principal priority for the US and
7X1vDXewsCM-00122-00033518-00033757 requires increased military investment
7X1vDXewsCM-00123-00033758-00033946 because of the magnitude of the threat
7X1vDXewsCM-00124-00033947-00034351 they pose to US security mattis
7X1vDXewsCM-00125-00034352-00034516 identifies the indo-pacific
7X1vDXewsCM-00126-00034517-00034750 Europe and the Middle East as the three
7X1vDXewsCM-00127-00034751-00034999 key regions prioritized for US
7X1vDXewsCM-00128-00035000-00035275 preparedness for war we should note here
7X1vDXewsCM-00129-00035276-00035470 that he wrecks the indo-pacific first
7X1vDXewsCM-00130-00035471-00035857 before Europe these key US judgments
7X1vDXewsCM-00131-00035858-00036034 should be a wake-up call for Australia's
7X1vDXewsCM-00132-00036035-00036158 defence planners
7X1vDXewsCM-00133-00036159-00036371 we now lien live in a threatening world
7X1vDXewsCM-00134-00036372-00036638 and it is no good pretending that China
7X1vDXewsCM-00135-00036639-00036824 and Russia are not becoming serious
7X1vDXewsCM-00136-00036825-00037013 military threats to the West and its
7X1vDXewsCM-00137-00037014-00037254 values as Julie Bishop did on one
7X1vDXewsCM-00138-00037255-00037560 occasion a few weeks ago the former
7X1vDXewsCM-00139-00037561-00037694 director-general of the Office of
7X1vDXewsCM-00140-00037695-00037923 National Assessments Ellen Ginjo has
7X1vDXewsCM-00141-00037924-00038174 recently stated that the international
7X1vDXewsCM-00142-00038175-00038420 order we have known for the past 70
7X1vDXewsCM-00143-00038421-00038835 years has now ended he says it's not
7X1vDXewsCM-00144-00038836-00039098 been challenged it's not changing it's
7X1vDXewsCM-00145-00039099-00039432 over that statement effectively
7X1vDXewsCM-00146-00039433-00039617 undermines important judgments of the
7X1vDXewsCM-00147-00039618-00039968 2016 defense white paper with its
7X1vDXewsCM-00148-00039969-00040226 utterances on more than 50 occasions of
7X1vDXewsCM-00149-00040227-00040388 the importance of the rules-based
7X1vDXewsCM-00150-00040389-00040607 international order to Australia's
7X1vDXewsCM-00151-00040608-00040935 security jinsol observes that the two
7X1vDXewsCM-00152-00040936-00041126 previous international systems ended in
7X1vDXewsCM-00153-00041127-00041348 war this one he says
7X1vDXewsCM-00154-00041349-00041598 seems to be draining away as its core
7X1vDXewsCM-00155-00041599-00041810 components led by the u.s. lose
7X1vDXewsCM-00156-00041811-00042050 confidence in its purpose and emerging
7X1vDXewsCM-00157-00042051-00042308 powers see opportunities to assert their
7X1vDXewsCM-00158-00042309-00042689 interest an American belief in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00159-00042690-00042920 West's international security system and
7X1vDXewsCM-00160-00042921-00043148 willingness to invest in it with an
7X1vDXewsCM-00161-00043149-00043379 effective network of alliances are now
7X1vDXewsCM-00162-00043380-00043640 in doubt each of the three elements that
7X1vDXewsCM-00163-00043641-00043793 have characterized Australian foreign
7X1vDXewsCM-00164-00043794-00044150 policy since 1945 the Alliance the
7X1vDXewsCM-00165-00044151-00044420 region and the rules-based order now
7X1vDXewsCM-00166-00044421-00044679 look very different the Trump
7X1vDXewsCM-00167-00044680-00044861 administration is pursuing interests and
7X1vDXewsCM-00168-00044862-00045233 values in a number of areas which differ
7X1vDXewsCM-00169-00045234-00045452 more clearly from Australia's than any
7X1vDXewsCM-00170-00045453-00045812 we have seen before at the same time we
7X1vDXewsCM-00171-00045813-00045954 are dealing with a China which is more
7X1vDXewsCM-00172-00045955-00046160 confident more powerful and more
7X1vDXewsCM-00173-00046161-00046454 assertive the speed and direction of
7X1vDXewsCM-00174-00046455-00046623 change are challenging all previous
7X1vDXewsCM-00175-00046624-00046871 comfortable assumptions about stability
7X1vDXewsCM-00176-00046872-00047243 and peace in our region the 2017 foreign
7X1vDXewsCM-00177-00047244-00047486 policy white paper argues that without
7X1vDXewsCM-00178-00047487-00047660 American political economic and security
7X1vDXewsCM-00179-00047661-00047993 engagement power in our region is likely
7X1vDXewsCM-00180-00047994-00048181 to shift even more quickly
7X1vDXewsCM-00181-00048182-00048470 the central question now is where will
7X1vDXewsCM-00182-00048471-00048704 the leadership come from if is not to
7X1vDXewsCM-00183-00048705-00048914 come from America
7X1vDXewsCM-00184-00048915-00049133 to sustain a stable new international
7X1vDXewsCM-00185-00049134-00049379 order without conflict and it certainly
7X1vDXewsCM-00186-00049380-00049658 will not come from China and we all know
7X1vDXewsCM-00187-00049659-00050003 how a unstable international order ended
7X1vDXewsCM-00188-00050004-00050267 in the interwar years as rising new
7X1vDXewsCM-00189-00050268-00050606 powers were appeased Russia wants to see
7X1vDXewsCM-00190-00050607-00050834 the end of NATO and a weak and divided
7X1vDXewsCM-00191-00050835-00051095 Europe which in my view is increasingly
7X1vDXewsCM-00192-00051096-00051311 in prospect given Trump's undermining of
7X1vDXewsCM-00193-00051312-00051584 the alliance Trump sees Russia as merely
7X1vDXewsCM-00194-00051585-00051932 a competitor not a potential enemy that
7X1vDXewsCM-00195-00051933-00052166 is not the view of key European members
7X1vDXewsCM-00196-00052166-00052520 of NATO in contrast Trump describes the
7X1vDXewsCM-00197-00052521-00052859 EU as a foe that he claims was invented
7X1vDXewsCM-00198-00052860-00053142 to take advantage of the US economically
7X1vDXewsCM-00199-00053144-00053426 Trump's meeting in Helsinki with Putin
7X1vDXewsCM-00200-00053427-00053732 on 16 July was an utter disaster in my
7X1vDXewsCM-00201-00053733-00054065 dream he described Putin as I quote
7X1vDXewsCM-00202-00054066-00054341 extremely strong and powerful unquote an
7X1vDXewsCM-00203-00054341-00054572 accepted Putin's advice over that of the
7X1vDXewsCM-00204-00054573-00054788 US intelligence community that Russia
7X1vDXewsCM-00205-00054789-00055017 had not interfered with US elections
7X1vDXewsCM-00206-00055019-00055262 Trump's meeting with Putin has boosted
7X1vDXewsCM-00207-00055263-00055502 Russia's image of itself as a great
7X1vDXewsCM-00208-00055503-00055942 power or in Russian velika to Java China
7X1vDXewsCM-00209-00055944-00056078 wants to be acknowledged as the natural
7X1vDXewsCM-00210-00056079-00056312 hegemon of Asia and to see an end to
7X1vDXewsCM-00211-00056313-00056501 America's alliance system in the region
7X1vDXewsCM-00212-00056502-00056849 including ANZUS on current trajectories
7X1vDXewsCM-00213-00056850-00057107 it would not be surprising if much of
7X1vDXewsCM-00214-00057108-00057371 the indo-pacific region in 2030 is
7X1vDXewsCM-00215-00057372-00057722 substantially shaped by China the status
7X1vDXewsCM-00216-00057723-00058016 quo is not likely to continue these I
7X1vDXewsCM-00217-00058016-00058199 put it to you our central strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00218-00058200-00058403 challenges for Australia as China
7X1vDXewsCM-00219-00058404-00058610 increasingly asserts power into our
7X1vDXewsCM-00220-00058611-00058874 strategic space not only in Southeast
7X1vDXewsCM-00221-00058875-00059249 Asia but also in the South Pacific at
7X1vDXewsCM-00222-00059250-00059504 the same time we are experiencing an
7X1vDXewsCM-00223-00059504-00059702 increasingly unpredictable president of
7X1vDXewsCM-00224-00059703-00059801 the United States
7X1vDXewsCM-00225-00059802-00060074 he's boasted of having a trade war not
7X1vDXewsCM-00226-00060075-00060320 only with China but also the EU and
7X1vDXewsCM-00227-00060321-00060659 Canada if a fully trade fully blown
7X1vDXewsCM-00228-00060660-00060908 trade war results the world will stumble
7X1vDXewsCM-00229-00060909-00061162 into a moment of great political
7X1vDXewsCM-00230-00061163-00061448 uncertainty when this happened in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00231-00061449-00061679 world in the 1930s the results were
7X1vDXewsCM-00232-00061679-00062012 disastrous only this week Frances
7X1vDXewsCM-00233-00062013-00062095 President Ma
7X1vDXewsCM-00234-00062096-00062350 as warned that the rise of nationalist
7X1vDXewsCM-00235-00062351-00062578 forces is plunging the system of
7X1vDXewsCM-00236-00062579-00062974 international cooperation into crisis by
7X1vDXewsCM-00237-00062975-00063241 comparison in his speech yesterday at
7X1vDXewsCM-00238-00063241-00063445 the United Nations president Trump
7X1vDXewsCM-00239-00063446-00063729 asserted that and I quote we reject the
7X1vDXewsCM-00240-00063730-00063970 ideology of globalism and we embrace the
7X1vDXewsCM-00241-00063971-00064216 doctrine of patriotism end of quote
7X1vDXewsCM-00242-00064216-00064471 and so we are witnessing a potentially
7X1vDXewsCM-00243-00064472-00064657 dangerous global shift away from
7X1vDXewsCM-00244-00064658-00064876 internationalism towards extreme
7X1vDXewsCM-00245-00064877-00065338 nationalism nationalism and we can take
7X1vDXewsCM-00246-00065339-00065545 no joy in supposing that Trump will be
7X1vDXewsCM-00247-00065546-00065803 gone in a little over two years in my
7X1vDXewsCM-00248-00065804-00065971 view there are enduring popular
7X1vDXewsCM-00249-00065972-00066199 grievances in America about the impact
7X1vDXewsCM-00250-00066200-00066514 of globalization and foreign trade on
7X1vDXewsCM-00251-00066515-00066745 employment that support his populist
7X1vDXewsCM-00252-00066746-00067141 stance of America first we are thus in a
7X1vDXewsCM-00253-00067142-00067300 period of unpredictable strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00254-00067301-00067501 transition in which the comfortable
7X1vDXewsCM-00255-00067502-00067810 assumptions of the past are over I'm not
7X1vDXewsCM-00256-00067811-00067981 one of those who believe that America is
7X1vDXewsCM-00257-00067982-00068218 about to pull out of Asia but I do think
7X1vDXewsCM-00258-00068219-00068419 we need to give serious thought to what
7X1vDXewsCM-00259-00068420-00068647 Australia should do if the u.s. made it
7X1vDXewsCM-00260-00068648-00068842 clear that expects us to do a lot more
7X1vDXewsCM-00261-00068843-00069229 for our own defense I suggest we need to
7X1vDXewsCM-00262-00069230-00069466 focus on the following key challenges to
7X1vDXewsCM-00263-00069467-00069688 deliberately develop a more self-reliant
7X1vDXewsCM-00264-00069689-00070039 Australian Defence policy first we need
7X1vDXewsCM-00265-00070040-00070261 to focus more our own region a primary
7X1vDXewsCM-00266-00070262-00070468 strategic concern which includes
7X1vDXewsCM-00267-00070469-00070681 Southeast Asia including the South China
7X1vDXewsCM-00268-00070682-00070987 Sea the eastern Indian Ocean and the
7X1vDXewsCM-00269-00070988-00071197 South Pacific we should get out of
7X1vDXewsCM-00270-00071198-00071404 Afghanistan and the Middle East and
7X1vDXewsCM-00271-00071405-00071656 research reassert our influence in our
7X1vDXewsCM-00272-00071657-00071908 own region as China moves increasingly
7X1vDXewsCM-00273-00071909-00072187 to challenge our strategic space and
7X1vDXewsCM-00274-00072188-00072412 constrain the projection of our national
7X1vDXewsCM-00275-00072413-00072766 power second while aiming for greater
7X1vDXewsCM-00276-00072767-00072997 defence self-reliance it is vital that
7X1vDXewsCM-00277-00072998-00073231 we continue to have access to highly
7X1vDXewsCM-00278-00073232-00073411 advanced American military equipment
7X1vDXewsCM-00279-00073412-00073687 combat systems and weapons defense
7X1vDXewsCM-00280-00073688-00073981 science intelligence and surveillance to
7X1vDXewsCM-00281-00073982-00074161 ensure that we maintain a clear margin
7X1vDXewsCM-00282-00074162-00074409 of military advantage in our own region
7X1vDXewsCM-00283-00074410-00074701 the simple fact is that we have no
7X1vDXewsCM-00284-00074702-00074950 credible defense future without access
7X1vDXewsCM-00285-00074951-00075154 to the military advantages the u.s.
7X1vDXewsCM-00286-00075155-00075372 alliance provides in this way
7X1vDXewsCM-00287-00075373-00075598 increased defense self-reliance for
7X1vDXewsCM-00288-00075599-00075823 Australia can never mean defense
7X1vDXewsCM-00289-00075824-00076138 self-sufficiency third we need to
7X1vDXewsCM-00290-00076139-00076360 undertake a fundamental review of our
7X1vDXewsCM-00291-00076361-00076621 relationship with Beijing and determine
7X1vDXewsCM-00292-00076622-00076894 where its limits should be we have
7X1vDXewsCM-00293-00076895-00077080 become far too dependent on China for
7X1vDXewsCM-00294-00077081-00077308 our economic well-being we need to
7X1vDXewsCM-00295-00077309-00077503 consciously diversify our trade
7X1vDXewsCM-00296-00077504-00077833 investment tourism and international
7X1vDXewsCM-00297-00077834-00078060 student businesses with other countries
7X1vDXewsCM-00298-00078061-00078445 these should include Japan South Korea
7X1vDXewsCM-00299-00078446-00078838 India Vietnam and Indonesia as well as
7X1vDXewsCM-00300-00078839-00079048 Europe which is experiencing its own
7X1vDXewsCM-00301-00079049-00079417 problems with China fourth the time has
7X1vDXewsCM-00302-00079418-00079588 come for some serious long-term defense
7X1vDXewsCM-00303-00079589-00079821 planning for Australia strategic future
7X1vDXewsCM-00304-00079822-00080083 it should include considering crisis
7X1vDXewsCM-00305-00080084-00080338 situations in which the US may look to
7X1vDXewsCM-00306-00080339-00080530 Australia to join it in military
7X1vDXewsCM-00307-00080531-00080719 contingencies such as the South China
7X1vDXewsCM-00308-00080720-00081022 Sea the Korean Peninsula the Indian
7X1vDXewsCM-00309-00081023-00081250 Ocean and the South Pacific and perhaps
7X1vDXewsCM-00310-00081251-00081508 even Taiwan ministers and defense
7X1vDXewsCM-00311-00081509-00081697 planners must avoid being caught by
7X1vDXewsCM-00312-00081698-00081745 surprise
7X1vDXewsCM-00313-00081746-00081991 by such events and seriously consider
7X1vDXewsCM-00314-00081992-00082347 what our responses might or might not be
7X1vDXewsCM-00315-00082348-00082702 fifth we need to re-examine our core
7X1vDXewsCM-00316-00082703-00082888 assumptions and messages about the
7X1vDXewsCM-00317-00082889-00083125 alliance and how it may function during
7X1vDXewsCM-00318-00083126-00083446 future crises in the indo-pacific in
7X1vDXewsCM-00319-00083447-00083634 emerging conditions of uncertainty
7X1vDXewsCM-00320-00083635-00083881 allies need to focus harder on
7X1vDXewsCM-00321-00083882-00084115 understanding each other's interests and
7X1vDXewsCM-00322-00084116-00084448 calculations of risk allies cannot take
7X1vDXewsCM-00323-00084449-00084691 each other for granted or make
7X1vDXewsCM-00324-00084692-00084922 assumptions about one another's future
7X1vDXewsCM-00325-00084923-00085201 decisions including mutual expectations
7X1vDXewsCM-00326-00085202-00085567 about future continues contingencies and
7X1vDXewsCM-00327-00085568-00085858 the use of military force American
7X1vDXewsCM-00328-00085859-00086002 actions and signaling will have a
7X1vDXewsCM-00329-00086003-00086212 decisive effect on the choices we face
7X1vDXewsCM-00330-00086213-00086551 as a US ally we need to be alert to the
7X1vDXewsCM-00331-00086552-00086851 gaps between promise and delivery in
7X1vDXewsCM-00332-00086852-00087079 today's American defence and foreign
7X1vDXewsCM-00333-00087080-00087547 policies six the antis alliance has its
7X1vDXewsCM-00334-00087548-00087925 best and most realistic shape most
7X1vDXewsCM-00335-00087926-00088093 realistic chance to shape the long-term
7X1vDXewsCM-00336-00088094-00088324 future regional order over the next few
7X1vDXewsCM-00337-00088325-00088555 years it will be much harder to
7X1vDXewsCM-00338-00088556-00088739 influence and limit
7X1vDXewsCM-00339-00088740-00088952 his defense decision-making and the
7X1vDXewsCM-00340-00088953-00089123 strategic mindsets of other regional
7X1vDXewsCM-00341-00089124-00089330 countries like India and Indonesia in
7X1vDXewsCM-00342-00089331-00089684 subsequent decades passivity on the part
7X1vDXewsCM-00343-00089685-00089912 of the US and its allies will give China
7X1vDXewsCM-00344-00089913-00090140 the initiative and increase the prospect
7X1vDXewsCM-00345-00090141-00090350 that future crises will lead either to
7X1vDXewsCM-00346-00090351-00090467 overcorrection
7X1vDXewsCM-00347-00090468-00090733 or a background by the United States
7X1vDXewsCM-00348-00090734-00090977 Chinese expansion in the South China Sea
7X1vDXewsCM-00349-00090978-00091241 is a good example of Western passivity
7X1vDXewsCM-00350-00091242-00091466 in the face of a map of China's
7X1vDXewsCM-00351-00091467-00091664 political system which can rapidly
7X1vDXewsCM-00352-00091665-00091945 mobilize a coordinated effort to
7X1vDXewsCM-00353-00091946-00092216 single-mindedly mindedly pursue is
7X1vDXewsCM-00354-00092217-00092510 strategic interests we may be seen such
7X1vDXewsCM-00355-00092511-00092753 Chinese behavior being replicated now in
7X1vDXewsCM-00356-00092754-00093016 the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific
7X1vDXewsCM-00357-00093017-00093272 Canberra and Washington need to be more
7X1vDXewsCM-00358-00093273-00093542 direct with one another and our policies
7X1vDXewsCM-00359-00093543-00093850 about this looming strategic challenge
7X1vDXewsCM-00360-00093851-00094076 profound and corrosive change could
7X1vDXewsCM-00361-00094077-00094268 occur because of the US and its allies
7X1vDXewsCM-00362-00094269-00094615 been passive or destructive as China
7X1vDXewsCM-00363-00094616-00094928 expands its dominance in this regard
7X1vDXewsCM-00364-00094929-00095168 Southeast Asia is likely to be a focus
7X1vDXewsCM-00365-00095169-00095468 of Chinese power and coercion and become
7X1vDXewsCM-00366-00095469-00095720 a zone for incremental steps towards
7X1vDXewsCM-00367-00095721-00095915 Chinese hegemony and a sphere of
7X1vDXewsCM-00368-00095916-00096176 influence this would have severe
7X1vDXewsCM-00369-00096177-00096391 strategic implications for Australia
7X1vDXewsCM-00370-00096392-00096629 China's projection of military power in
7X1vDXewsCM-00371-00096630-00096818 the South China Sea is already
7X1vDXewsCM-00372-00096819-00097058 threatening to constrain our ability to
7X1vDXewsCM-00373-00097059-00097415 defend our maritime approaches so the
7X1vDXewsCM-00374-00097416-00097598 next few years are critical to shape the
7X1vDXewsCM-00375-00097599-00097787 perception of the willingness of US
7X1vDXewsCM-00376-00097788-00098078 allies to incur risks and costs in
7X1vDXewsCM-00377-00098079-00098315 limiting China's ability to dominate the
7X1vDXewsCM-00378-00098316-00098557 region the United States and Australia
7X1vDXewsCM-00379-00098558-00098846 amongst others should clearly identify
7X1vDXewsCM-00380-00098847-00099062 what aspects of Chinese strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00381-00099063-00099350 behavior they find unacceptable this
7X1vDXewsCM-00382-00099351-00099506 will require great greater willingness
7X1vDXewsCM-00383-00099507-00099776 to signal to China where its behavior
7X1vDXewsCM-00384-00099777-00099943 will be resisted
7X1vDXewsCM-00385-00099944-00100235 finally and let me stress above all else
7X1vDXewsCM-00386-00100236-00100550 we must recognize that we now face the
7X1vDXewsCM-00387-00100551-00100787 prospect for the first time since the
7X1vDXewsCM-00388-00100788-00101057 Second World War of a potential major
7X1vDXewsCM-00389-00101058-00101306 power adversary with whom we do not
7X1vDXewsCM-00390-00101307-00101582 share fundamental values operating in
7X1vDXewsCM-00391-00101583-00101786 our neighborhood and capable of
7X1vDXewsCM-00392-00101787-00102091 threatening us with high intensity
7X1vDXewsCM-00393-00102092-00102336 to counter this eventuality we must
7X1vDXewsCM-00394-00102337-00102552 develop a stronger defense force capable
7X1vDXewsCM-00395-00102553-00102765 of denying our approaches to a
7X1vDXewsCM-00396-00102766-00103063 well-armed adversary the key issue here
7X1vDXewsCM-00397-00103064-00103317 is whether we are now entering strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00398-00103318-00103557 warning time regarding future conflict
7X1vDXewsCM-00399-00103558-00103791 and whether our capabilities are
7X1vDXewsCM-00400-00103792-00104074 sufficient sisters to sustain a credible
7X1vDXewsCM-00401-00104075-00104316 defense posture in a deteriorating
7X1vDXewsCM-00402-00104317-00104607 strategic environment events could now
7X1vDXewsCM-00403-00104608-00104828 become more serious much more quickly
7X1vDXewsCM-00404-00104829-00105094 therefore more thought should be given
7X1vDXewsCM-00405-00105095-00105343 to plannin given to planning for the
7X1vDXewsCM-00406-00105344-00105615 expansion of the ADF and its capacity to
7X1vDXewsCM-00407-00105616-00105799 engage in sustained high-intensity
7X1vDXewsCM-00408-00105800-00106077 conflict in our own defence in a way
7X1vDXewsCM-00409-00106078-00106252 that we haven't previously had to
7X1vDXewsCM-00410-00106253-00106489 consider for several generations
7X1vDXewsCM-00411-00106490-00108504 thank you as this is a university let me
7X1vDXewsCM-00412-00108505-00109021 start by saying temperament or most at
7X1vDXewsCM-00413-00109022-00109468 Thomas in Elise for the few of you who
7X1vDXewsCM-00414-00109469-00110044 need a translation let me offer the
7X1vDXewsCM-00415-00110045-00110529 strategic bus is leaving town and if we
7X1vDXewsCM-00416-00110530-00110853 don't get on board it will be all too
7X1vDXewsCM-00417-00110854-00111558 late and it will all end in tears it is
7X1vDXewsCM-00418-00111559-00111828 difficult to overstate the significance
7X1vDXewsCM-00419-00111829-00112272 of these strategic changes we are now
7X1vDXewsCM-00420-00112273-00112798 experiencing specifically increases in
7X1vDXewsCM-00421-00112799-00113079 the capacity of Armed Forces in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00422-00113080-00113529 indo-pacific served to undermine one of
7X1vDXewsCM-00423-00113530-00113806 the critical foundations of what has
7X1vDXewsCM-00424-00113807-00114453 been defense policy since the 1970s for
7X1vDXewsCM-00425-00114454-00114658 one nation to contemplate the use of
7X1vDXewsCM-00426-00114658-00115021 force military force against another it
7X1vDXewsCM-00427-00115022-00115211 needs to have the motive
7X1vDXewsCM-00428-00115213-00115581 the intent and importantly the
7X1vDXewsCM-00429-00115582-00116049 capability to conduct operations so what
7X1vDXewsCM-00430-00116050-00116540 is it that we are changing wrong in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00431-00116541-00116909 1970s and for the next three plus
7X1vDXewsCM-00432-00116910-00117353 decades no one in our broad region had
7X1vDXewsCM-00433-00117354-00117606 the military capability to do us much
7X1vDXewsCM-00434-00117607-00118079 harm further while motive and intent
7X1vDXewsCM-00435-00118080-00118436 could change relatively quickly it would
7X1vDXewsCM-00436-00118438-00118725 take much longer for a potentially
7X1vDXewsCM-00437-00118726-00118978 hostile nation to develop the necessary
7X1vDXewsCM-00438-00118979-00119363 capability doctrine and proficiency
7X1vDXewsCM-00439-00119364-00119799 these were key observations they led to
7X1vDXewsCM-00440-00119800-00120000 the observation they led to the
7X1vDXewsCM-00441-00120001-00120311 conclusion that in the context of the
7X1vDXewsCM-00442-00120313-00120604 defense of Australia only lesser
7X1vDXewsCM-00443-00120605-00120852 contingencies were credible in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00444-00120853-00121170 shorter term and that more serious
7X1vDXewsCM-00445-00121171-00121541 contingencies were credible only in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00446-00121542-00121889 longer term this in turn gave rise to
7X1vDXewsCM-00447-00121890-00122291 the notion of 10 to 15 years of warning
7X1vDXewsCM-00448-00122292-00122702 time for such more serious contingencies
7X1vDXewsCM-00449-00122703-00122994 there was also the policy conclusion
7X1vDXewsCM-00450-00122995-00123351 that the size and shape of the Defence
7X1vDXewsCM-00451-00123352-00123668 Force should be sufficient to handle
7X1vDXewsCM-00452-00123669-00124002 shorter term contingencies and be the
7X1vDXewsCM-00453-00124003-00124334 basis for expansion during warning time
7X1vDXewsCM-00454-00124335-00124700 for more serious conflict all this is
7X1vDXewsCM-00455-00124701-00125457 familiar stuff in contrast today higher
7X1vDXewsCM-00456-00125458-00125690 level of our military capability in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00457-00125691-00126018 region are changing the basis is
7X1vDXewsCM-00458-00126019-00126345 underpinned these policies in particular
7X1vDXewsCM-00459-00126346-00126708 China continues to modernize and expand
7X1vDXewsCM-00460-00126708-00127103 its arms forces this means that its
7X1vDXewsCM-00461-00127104-00127409 ability to conduct operations that high
7X1vDXewsCM-00462-00127410-00127677 levels of intensity and technological
7X1vDXewsCM-00463-00127678-00128019 sophistication has increased and will
7X1vDXewsCM-00464-00128020-00128240 increase further
7X1vDXewsCM-00465-00128241-00128703 this is not I repeat this is not to
7X1vDXewsCM-00466-00128704-00129080 paint China necessarily as our adversary
7X1vDXewsCM-00467-00129081-00129423 although sport has pointed out China's
7X1vDXewsCM-00468-00129424-00129729 values and strategic ambition are
7X1vDXewsCM-00469-00129730-00130010 already in some respects in sharp
7X1vDXewsCM-00470-00130011-00130404 contrast to our own Australian values
7X1vDXewsCM-00471-00130405-00130953 and interests rather it is to say that
7X1vDXewsCM-00472-00130954-00131241 because the capability exists or is
7X1vDXewsCM-00473-00131242-00131496 planned to come into service warning
7X1vDXewsCM-00474-00131497-00131757 times for more serious contingencies are
7X1vDXewsCM-00475-00131758-00132167 now potentially much shorter further
7X1vDXewsCM-00476-00132168-00132465 indicators of warning will come to
7X1vDXewsCM-00477-00132466-00132720 depend more critically than in the past
7X1vDXewsCM-00478-00132721-00133221 on assessments of motive and intent such
7X1vDXewsCM-00479-00133222-00133479 judgments are inherent are inherently
7X1vDXewsCM-00480-00133480-00133785 more subjective and fluid than
7X1vDXewsCM-00481-00133786-00134166 assessments of capability strategic risk
7X1vDXewsCM-00482-00134167-00134481 management therefore becomes much more
7X1vDXewsCM-00483-00134482-00134919 challenging what are the consequences
7X1vDXewsCM-00484-00134920-00135201 for defense planning I have five
7X1vDXewsCM-00485-00135202-00135789 principal points first there is a need
7X1vDXewsCM-00486-00135790-00136131 to reconsider the spectrum of possible
7X1vDXewsCM-00487-00136132-00136454 contingencies and in particular
7X1vDXewsCM-00488-00136455-00136743 contingencies and visions as credible in
7X1vDXewsCM-00489-00136744-00136992 the shorter term we'll need to embrace
7X1vDXewsCM-00490-00136993-00137247 higher levels of technological
7X1vDXewsCM-00491-00137248-00137601 sophistication and intensity than in
7X1vDXewsCM-00492-00137602-00137946 previous years what would be the nature
7X1vDXewsCM-00493-00137947-00138291 of such contingencies what would be
7X1vDXewsCM-00494-00138292-00138692 their context how would our Australian
7X1vDXewsCM-00495-00138693-00139059 interests me engaged what level of
7X1vDXewsCM-00496-00139060-00139377 intensity and duration might be expected
7X1vDXewsCM-00497-00139378-00139746 that would they be conducted how would
7X1vDXewsCM-00498-00139747-00140190 the risk of escalation be managed how
7X1vDXewsCM-00499-00140191-00140646 would they be drawn to a conclusion what
7X1vDXewsCM-00500-00140647-00140871 might we plan to do to avoid them in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00501-00140872-00141255 first place and in the context of my
7X1vDXewsCM-00502-00141256-00141391 part of this lecture
7X1vDXewsCM-00503-00141392-00141644 what are the implications for the force
7X1vDXewsCM-00504-00141645-00141910 structure and its readiness and
7X1vDXewsCM-00505-00141911-00142354 sustainability profile such analysis
7X1vDXewsCM-00506-00142355-00142607 would require a more sophisticated
7X1vDXewsCM-00507-00142608-00142994 approach than one based only on lesser
7X1vDXewsCM-00508-00142995-00143270 contingencies in the shorter term and
7X1vDXewsCM-00509-00143271-00143650 more serious conflicts put off into the
7X1vDXewsCM-00510-00143651-00144146 never-never second how should we
7X1vDXewsCM-00511-00144147-00144490 approach indicators and warnings for
7X1vDXewsCM-00512-00144491-00144845 potential conflicts the need for clear
7X1vDXewsCM-00513-00144846-00145063 judgment in this area would be
7X1vDXewsCM-00514-00145064-00145343 compounded by the likely absence of an
7X1vDXewsCM-00515-00145344-00145624 obvious warning threshold as there could
7X1vDXewsCM-00516-00145625-00146065 be high levels of ambiguity there could
7X1vDXewsCM-00517-00146066-00146329 well be contestability between the
7X1vDXewsCM-00518-00146330-00146575 intelligence assessment agencies and
7X1vDXewsCM-00519-00146576-00146935 between them and the policy areas within
7X1vDXewsCM-00520-00146936-00147383 the machinery of government third and
7X1vDXewsCM-00521-00147384-00147604 following from the prospect of short of
7X1vDXewsCM-00522-00147605-00147872 warning times is the need to consider
7X1vDXewsCM-00523-00147873-00148145 higher levels of readiness and
7X1vDXewsCM-00524-00148146-00148486 sustainability this is manifest in a
7X1vDXewsCM-00525-00148487-00148834 wide variety of ways training levels
7X1vDXewsCM-00526-00148835-00149143 stocks of missiles and torpedoes
7X1vDXewsCM-00527-00149144-00149515 holdings of maintenance spares the
7X1vDXewsCM-00528-00149516-00149798 ability to sustain operations for weeks
7X1vDXewsCM-00529-00149799-00150232 or months many months around-the-clock
7X1vDXewsCM-00530-00150233-00150545 these particular implications for
7X1vDXewsCM-00531-00150546-00150841 surveillance command control intelligent
7X1vDXewsCM-00532-00150842-00151462 staff cyber operators combat pilots what
7X1vDXewsCM-00533-00151463-00151697 about fuel stocks and their reliability
7X1vDXewsCM-00534-00151698-00152101 and operational bases especially in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00535-00152102-00152554 north in previous years many consumables
7X1vDXewsCM-00536-00152555-00152851 have been held at levels not much more
7X1vDXewsCM-00537-00152852-00153083 than those appropriate to peacetime
7X1vDXewsCM-00538-00153084-00153378 rates of efforts and low levels of
7X1vDXewsCM-00539-00153379-00153991 apparent nos fourth is the matter of the
7X1vDXewsCM-00540-00153992-00154252 size of the Defence Force and its
7X1vDXewsCM-00541-00154253-00154448 potential for expansion
7X1vDXewsCM-00542-00154449-00154766 on the one hand recent years have seen
7X1vDXewsCM-00543-00154767-00155048 some important new capabilities such as
7X1vDXewsCM-00544-00155049-00155141 the Wedgetail
7X1vDXewsCM-00545-00155142-00155417 early warning and control aircraft the
7X1vDXewsCM-00546-00155418-00155777 genderly radar network better tanker and
7X1vDXewsCM-00547-00155778-00156029 transport aircraft and must improve
7X1vDXewsCM-00548-00156030-00156425 command arrangements system for system
7X1vDXewsCM-00549-00156426-00156695 tomorrow's Defence Force will be much
7X1vDXewsCM-00550-00156696-00157111 more capable than yesterday's further by
7X1vDXewsCM-00551-00157112-00157433 2040 we will have a few more frigates
7X1vDXewsCM-00552-00157434-00157909 and by 2050 or so this is a long way off
7X1vDXewsCM-00553-00157910-00158144 we will have doubled the size of the
7X1vDXewsCM-00554-00158145-00158672 submarine force to twelve submarines on
7X1vDXewsCM-00555-00158673-00159044 the other hand in many ways the Defence
7X1vDXewsCM-00556-00159045-00159365 Force now planned for is only modestly
7X1vDXewsCM-00557-00159366-00159683 expanded from that of the benign years
7X1vDXewsCM-00558-00159684-00160067 of the 70s and the 80s that's the height
7X1vDXewsCM-00559-00160068-00160343 of the core force and expansion based
7X1vDXewsCM-00560-00160344-00160688 period in many respects the numbers
7X1vDXewsCM-00561-00160689-00160937 remain modest especially against the
7X1vDXewsCM-00562-00160938-00161429 prospects of more intense conflict two
7X1vDXewsCM-00563-00161430-00161762 issues follow from this first whether
7X1vDXewsCM-00564-00161763-00161930 the defence force would be large enough
7X1vDXewsCM-00565-00161931-00162230 to handle the more demanding short
7X1vDXewsCM-00566-00162231-00162452 warning contingencies that are now
7X1vDXewsCM-00567-00162453-00162863 becoming a real prospect and second what
7X1vDXewsCM-00568-00162864-00163133 would the modes and mechanisms for
7X1vDXewsCM-00569-00163134-00163393 timely expansion of the Defence Force be
7X1vDXewsCM-00570-00163394-00163751 including over a much reduced expansion
7X1vDXewsCM-00571-00163752-00164192 period I suggest that we should at the
7X1vDXewsCM-00572-00164193-00164504 very least identify the steps that
7X1vDXewsCM-00573-00164505-00164801 should be taken now to shorten the time
7X1vDXewsCM-00574-00164802-00165277 that future expansion would take a
7X1vDXewsCM-00575-00165278-00165653 related issue as Michael Schur breeze SP
7X1vDXewsCM-00576-00165654-00165934 has pointed out is the need to consider
7X1vDXewsCM-00577-00165935-00166271 attrition reserves not just for
7X1vDXewsCM-00578-00166272-00166580 peacetime accidents but also the combat
7X1vDXewsCM-00579-00166581-00167237 losses on operations my fifth point is
7X1vDXewsCM-00580-00167238-00167498 the matter of capabilities that could
7X1vDXewsCM-00581-00167499-00167769 prove to be important to dissing
7X1vDXewsCM-00582-00167770-00168079 - the Australian order of battle
7X1vDXewsCM-00583-00168080-00168369 technology will bring new possibilities
7X1vDXewsCM-00584-00168370-00168495 and imperatives
7X1vDXewsCM-00585-00168496-00168914 anyway hypersonics come to mind for some
7X1vDXewsCM-00586-00168915-00169269 specifics for consideration improved in
7X1vDXewsCM-00587-00169270-00169494 input include improved strike
7X1vDXewsCM-00588-00169495-00169773 capabilities for enhanced levels of
7X1vDXewsCM-00589-00169774-00170031 deterrence point on which Brendan will
7X1vDXewsCM-00590-00170032-00170358 say more nuclear-powered submarines
7X1vDXewsCM-00591-00170359-00170840 perhaps eventually and an australian
7X1vDXewsCM-00592-00170841-00171195 maritime area denial weapon perhaps
7X1vDXewsCM-00593-00171196-00171425 drawing on the formidable capabilities
7X1vDXewsCM-00594-00171426-00171993 of the Tyndall II radar network the
7X1vDXewsCM-00595-00171994-00172262 other great policy challenge comes from
7X1vDXewsCM-00596-00172263-00172615 uncertainty concerning the United States
7X1vDXewsCM-00597-00172616-00172991 what I have said so far assumes that the
7X1vDXewsCM-00598-00172992-00173303 u.s. continues with more or less his
7X1vDXewsCM-00599-00173304-00173574 present levels of commitment towards its
7X1vDXewsCM-00600-00173575-00173953 friends and allies in the indo-pacific
7X1vDXewsCM-00601-00173954-00174312 what might America do that would be
7X1vDXewsCM-00602-00174313-00174732 different from this an obvious
7X1vDXewsCM-00603-00174733-00175050 possibility is that America would raise
7X1vDXewsCM-00604-00175051-00175344 the threshold for its active involvement
7X1vDXewsCM-00605-00175345-00175800 in its allies security it would expect
7X1vDXewsCM-00606-00175801-00176094 his allies to become more capable to
7X1vDXewsCM-00607-00176095-00176384 conduct operations in their own defense
7X1vDXewsCM-00608-00176385-00176933 the sort of Guam Doctrine mark -
7X1vDXewsCM-00609-00176934-00177210 currently we get privileged access to
7X1vDXewsCM-00610-00177211-00177462 u.s. defense capabilities intelligence
7X1vDXewsCM-00611-00177463-00177850 Science and Technology and doctrine
7X1vDXewsCM-00612-00177851-00178182 provided this access continued the
7X1vDXewsCM-00613-00178183-00178434 consequences for us would be to increase
7X1vDXewsCM-00614-00178435-00178664 the emphasis on what I have already
7X1vDXewsCM-00615-00178665-00178956 mentioned more readiness and
7X1vDXewsCM-00616-00178957-00179252 sustainability improvements to northern
7X1vDXewsCM-00617-00179253-00179566 bases attention to the expansion base
7X1vDXewsCM-00618-00179567-00180048 enhance strike and so on this would cost
7X1vDXewsCM-00619-00180049-00180476 more but would not in itself represent a
7X1vDXewsCM-00620-00180477-00181127 major redirection of policy not more
7X1vDXewsCM-00621-00181128-00181446 would be if the United States withdrew
7X1vDXewsCM-00622-00181447-00181821 into its shell and significantly reduced
7X1vDXewsCM-00623-00181822-00182127 his interest in the indo-pacific
7X1vDXewsCM-00624-00182128-00182451 and its allies and for that matter in
7X1vDXewsCM-00625-00182452-00182862 the North Atlantic - I believe this to
7X1vDXewsCM-00626-00182863-00183102 be unlikely that if it were to happen
7X1vDXewsCM-00627-00183103-00183486 the consequences for us and for others
7X1vDXewsCM-00628-00183487-00183957 would be severe alternatives to American
7X1vDXewsCM-00629-00183958-00184233 high-tech equipment would not be as
7X1vDXewsCM-00630-00184234-00184613 capable and probably just as expensive
7X1vDXewsCM-00631-00184614-00185070 probably more expensive reduced access
7X1vDXewsCM-00632-00185071-00185331 to American intelligence science and so
7X1vDXewsCM-00633-00185332-00185601 on would be a severe disadvantage and
7X1vDXewsCM-00634-00185602-00186003 further with American withdraw we could
7X1vDXewsCM-00635-00186004-00186321 expect a more assertive China to fill
7X1vDXewsCM-00636-00186322-00186768 the vacuum a particular concern would be
7X1vDXewsCM-00637-00186769-00187104 the end of extended nuclear deterrence
7X1vDXewsCM-00638-00187105-00187476 not just for us but for other but for
7X1vDXewsCM-00639-00187477-00187773 other US allies in the Pacific Japan in
7X1vDXewsCM-00640-00187774-00188097 particular to say that they released
7X1vDXewsCM-00641-00188098-00188412 such a development and the prospect of
7X1vDXewsCM-00642-00188413-00188697 nuclear proliferation in the Pacific
7X1vDXewsCM-00643-00188698-00189012 would require Australia to review its
7X1vDXewsCM-00644-00189013-00189597 own position on nuclear weapons what I
7X1vDXewsCM-00645-00189598-00189933 have just outlined is not a council of
7X1vDXewsCM-00646-00189934-00190340 despair far from it in many ways
7X1vDXewsCM-00647-00190341-00190662 Australia's defence force today is in
7X1vDXewsCM-00648-00190663-00190929 good shape and the modernization plans
7X1vDXewsCM-00649-00190930-00191297 are impressive and reassuring our
7X1vDXewsCM-00650-00191298-00191577 relationships with such countries as
7X1vDXewsCM-00651-00191578-00192057 Japan Indonesia and India are already a
7X1vDXewsCM-00652-00192058-00192354 good basis on which to build and to
7X1vDXewsCM-00653-00192355-00192603 advance our shared interests in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00654-00192604-00193179 security of the Indo Pacific well past
7X1vDXewsCM-00655-00193180-00193497 policies cast a long shadow defense
7X1vDXewsCM-00656-00193498-00193803 itself recognizes that changing times
7X1vDXewsCM-00657-00193804-00194121 mean that policies themselves must
7X1vDXewsCM-00658-00194122-00194300 change
7X1vDXewsCM-00659-00194301-00194574 whether the rate and extent of change
7X1vDXewsCM-00660-00194575-00194925 are sufficiently recognized is however a
7X1vDXewsCM-00661-00194926-00195309 moot point and as Brendan is about to
7X1vDXewsCM-00662-00195310-00195581 argue a higher level of strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00663-00195582-00195882 imagination would help position us
7X1vDXewsCM-00664-00195883-00196515 better for the future in conclusion time
7X1vDXewsCM-00665-00196516-00196752 is not on our side
7X1vDXewsCM-00666-00196753-00197229 we cannot afford complacency our future
7X1vDXewsCM-00667-00197230-00197472 strategic sim circumstances will be much
7X1vDXewsCM-00668-00197473-00197760 more demanding than those of the past 40
7X1vDXewsCM-00669-00197761-00198021 years and we need to respond to these
7X1vDXewsCM-00670-00198022-00198090 changes
7X1vDXewsCM-00671-00198091-00198684 now the strategic bus is leaving and we
7X1vDXewsCM-00672-00198685-00199143 need now to get on board otherwise it
7X1vDXewsCM-00673-00199144-00199907 will be all too late thank you
7X1vDXewsCM-00674-00199908-00200854 [Applause]
7X1vDXewsCM-00675-00200855-00201134 good evening it's a great pleasure to be
7X1vDXewsCM-00676-00201135-00201529 here and to see so many familiar faces
7X1vDXewsCM-00677-00201530-00201821 we know that the world we have lived in
7X1vDXewsCM-00678-00201822-00202154 is changing in profound ways we do not
7X1vDXewsCM-00679-00202155-00202472 know what the future will look like any
7X1vDXewsCM-00680-00202473-00202739 genuine crisis is a challenge to
7X1vDXewsCM-00681-00202740-00203081 imagination such a crisis will challenge
7X1vDXewsCM-00682-00203082-00203531 who we are and who we can be the
7X1vDXewsCM-00683-00203532-00203771 challenges to our security in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00684-00203772-00203942 emerging strategic order of the
7X1vDXewsCM-00685-00203943-00204023 indo-pacific
7X1vDXewsCM-00686-00204024-00204244 are first a challenge to our strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00687-00204245-00204716 imagination to respond effectively we
7X1vDXewsCM-00688-00204717-00204994 need to reimagine and reimagine our
7X1vDXewsCM-00689-00204996-00205339 place in this order and work to shape it
7X1vDXewsCM-00690-00205340-00205723 to our interests so we must think
7X1vDXewsCM-00691-00205725-00206044 radically about policy and strategy
7X1vDXewsCM-00692-00206046-00206510 I say radically because thinking must
7X1vDXewsCM-00693-00206511-00206825 over time consider the fundamentals of
7X1vDXewsCM-00694-00206826-00207077 our strategic environment the ways in
7X1vDXewsCM-00695-00207078-00207376 which it is changing our place in it and
7X1vDXewsCM-00696-00207377-00207682 the measures we need to intake to ensure
7X1vDXewsCM-00697-00207683-00208076 security and prosperity the changes we
7X1vDXewsCM-00698-00208077-00208366 are seeing call into question the
7X1vDXewsCM-00699-00208367-00208598 utility of current policy frameworks as
7X1vDXewsCM-00700-00208598-00209038 a guide to action in the future for
7X1vDXewsCM-00701-00209039-00209098 decades
7X1vDXewsCM-00702-00209100-00209453 Australian defense strategic policy has
7X1vDXewsCM-00703-00209454-00209810 been guided by the overriding goal of
7X1vDXewsCM-00704-00209811-00210113 maintaining strategic stability in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00705-00210114-00210335 indo-pacific in ways that support our
7X1vDXewsCM-00706-00210336-00210617 national interests Australia has pursued
7X1vDXewsCM-00707-00210617-00210896 this goal in three ways we have
7X1vDXewsCM-00708-00210896-00211211 supported and participated in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00709-00211212-00211379 creation of regional communities of
7X1vDXewsCM-00710-00211380-00211784 interest we have pursued regional
7X1vDXewsCM-00711-00211785-00212069 capability in capacity building through
7X1vDXewsCM-00712-00212069-00212291 bilateral and multilateral defence
7X1vDXewsCM-00713-00212292-00212678 cooperation we have intervened to help
7X1vDXewsCM-00714-00212679-00213008 resolve regional crises either in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00715-00213009-00213260 context of natural disasters or in
7X1vDXewsCM-00716-00213261-00213437 relation to political challenges that
7X1vDXewsCM-00717-00213438-00213791 as Cambodia Timor in the Solomon Islands
7X1vDXewsCM-00718-00213792-00214271 and more recently morale we this has
7X1vDXewsCM-00719-00214271-00214498 occurred in an environment that has been
7X1vDXewsCM-00720-00214500-00214813 stable and underpinned by us power and
7X1vDXewsCM-00721-00214814-00215114 broadly agreed assumptions now under
7X1vDXewsCM-00722-00215115-00215323 challenge about the nature of the
7X1vDXewsCM-00723-00215325-00215635 strategic order and how it should work
7X1vDXewsCM-00724-00215636-00215990 our strategic goals may not change that
7X1vDXewsCM-00725-00215991-00216260 much but we're going to have to work a
7X1vDXewsCM-00726-00216261-00216686 lot harder to achieve it strong defence
7X1vDXewsCM-00727-00216687-00216950 capability signals both the willingness
7X1vDXewsCM-00728-00216951-00217244 and the capacity to defend our national
7X1vDXewsCM-00729-00217244-00217664 interests with force if necessary it
7X1vDXewsCM-00730-00217665-00217873 ensures that we are taken seriously in
7X1vDXewsCM-00731-00217875-00218198 our region Australia's strong defence
7X1vDXewsCM-00732-00218198-00218483 capability has for decades been one of
7X1vDXewsCM-00733-00218484-00218735 the foundations of Australia's ability
7X1vDXewsCM-00734-00218736-00218975 to build community build regional
7X1vDXewsCM-00735-00218976-00219215 capability and ensure Australia's
7X1vDXewsCM-00736-00219216-00219421 influence in regional decision-making
7X1vDXewsCM-00737-00219421-00219728 how we build capability in the future
7X1vDXewsCM-00738-00219729-00220040 will be the key to our capacity to
7X1vDXewsCM-00739-00220041-00220277 continue to exercise influence and
7X1vDXewsCM-00740-00220278-00220723 support regional security policy is
7X1vDXewsCM-00741-00220725-00221134 important it is much more than words
7X1vDXewsCM-00742-00221135-00221462 policy establishes how we understand the
7X1vDXewsCM-00743-00221463-00221723 reality we are in and guides our
7X1vDXewsCM-00744-00221723-00222038 decisions the question for policy is not
7X1vDXewsCM-00745-00222039-00222362 only what does it enable us to see so
7X1vDXewsCM-00746-00222363-00222506 that we may make decisions with
7X1vDXewsCM-00747-00222507-00222788 confidence but what does it prevent us
7X1vDXewsCM-00748-00222789-00223088 from seeing what does current policy
7X1vDXewsCM-00749-00223089-00223478 suggest are our current blind spots the
7X1vDXewsCM-00750-00223479-00223723 deep fat white paper the central foreign
7X1vDXewsCM-00751-00223725-00223979 policy document of the government argues
7X1vDXewsCM-00752-00223980-00224129 that the world is changing that we have
7X1vDXewsCM-00753-00224130-00224354 an abiding interest in the continuation
7X1vDXewsCM-00754-00224355-00224726 of the current rules-based order the
7X1vDXewsCM-00755-00224727-00224909 question that lies on the other side of
7X1vDXewsCM-00756-00224910-00225209 the white paper is how might we operate
7X1vDXewsCM-00757-00225210-00225431 in a world where the rules-based order
7X1vDXewsCM-00758-00225432-00225641 we are comfortable with is being
7X1vDXewsCM-00759-00225642-00225908 supplanted by something with which we
7X1vDXewsCM-00760-00225909-00226184 are less comfortable such as a different
7X1vDXewsCM-00761-00226185-00226463 conception of what the rules might be or
7X1vDXewsCM-00762-00226464-00226757 world where we see coercion
7X1vDXewsCM-00763-00226758-00226955 as a policy instrument used more
7X1vDXewsCM-00764-00226956-00227279 frequently the deef that white paper
7X1vDXewsCM-00765-00227280-00227507 speaks to this with its focus on
7X1vDXewsCM-00766-00227508-00227840 strengthening our regional relationships
7X1vDXewsCM-00767-00227841-00228122 but the pace of an extent of change in
7X1vDXewsCM-00768-00228123-00228347 our strategic environment raises a
7X1vDXewsCM-00769-00228348-00228519 question of whether we are putting
7X1vDXewsCM-00770-00228519-00228904 sufficient resources into implementation
7X1vDXewsCM-00771-00228905-00229367 the border has emerged as a major indeed
7X1vDXewsCM-00772-00229369-00229655 perhaps the central organizing idea for
7X1vDXewsCM-00773-00229656-00229867 much of our national security thinking
7X1vDXewsCM-00774-00229869-00230120 central to this is the idea of the
7X1vDXewsCM-00775-00230121-00230396 border and the necessity of border
7X1vDXewsCM-00776-00230397-00230705 integrity this goes with a trend in
7X1vDXewsCM-00777-00230706-00230933 thinking that suggests that the border
7X1vDXewsCM-00778-00230934-00231209 embraces and mediates every aspect of
7X1vDXewsCM-00779-00231210-00231491 our relations with the rest of the world
7X1vDXewsCM-00780-00231492-00231776 this gives policy and strategy
7X1vDXewsCM-00781-00231777-00232094 development and operational focus
7X1vDXewsCM-00782-00232094-00232346 because most threats to border integrity
7X1vDXewsCM-00783-00232347-00232597 real or imagined demand a short-term
7X1vDXewsCM-00784-00232598-00232941 operational response strengthen policing
7X1vDXewsCM-00785-00232942-00233129 and a hardening of the border in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00786-00233130-00233327 context of the challenge of the
7X1vDXewsCM-00787-00233328-00233592 strategic changing strategic order in
7X1vDXewsCM-00788-00233592-00233892 the indo-pacific is insufficient as a
7X1vDXewsCM-00789-00233892-00234114 conceptual framework to guide policy and
7X1vDXewsCM-00790-00234115-00234431 decisions about future engagement in
7X1vDXewsCM-00791-00234432-00234809 that strategic system more profoundly it
7X1vDXewsCM-00792-00234810-00234963 suggests a failure of strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00793-00234964-00235229 imagination because it turns us in Woods
7X1vDXewsCM-00794-00235230-00235475 embodies a fear of the world and neither
7X1vDXewsCM-00795-00235476-00235844 narrows or takes us away from engagement
7X1vDXewsCM-00796-00235844-00236351 the 2016 defense white paper was in many
7X1vDXewsCM-00797-00236352-00236576 ways a landmark document because it
7X1vDXewsCM-00798-00236577-00236790 established a funded investment program
7X1vDXewsCM-00799-00236791-00237080 that will guide development of the ADF
7X1vDXewsCM-00800-00237081-00237380 for the next decade particularly if the
7X1vDXewsCM-00801-00237381-00237731 rebuilding of the Australian Navy the
7X1vDXewsCM-00802-00237732-00237867 white paper does not establish
7X1vDXewsCM-00803-00237867-00238132 priorities for for structure planning
7X1vDXewsCM-00804-00238133-00238419 but focuses on Australia's strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00805-00238419-00238667 defence interest and consequential
7X1vDXewsCM-00806-00238669-00239003 strategic defence objectives these
7X1vDXewsCM-00807-00239004-00239270 strategic defence interests are a secure
7X1vDXewsCM-00808-00239271-00239597 resilient Australia with secure northern
7X1vDXewsCM-00809-00239598-00239822 approaches and proximate sea lines of
7X1vDXewsCM-00810-00239823-00240025 communication
7X1vDXewsCM-00811-00240026-00240310 secur near region encompassing maritime
7X1vDXewsCM-00812-00240311-00240573 Southeast Asia and the South Pacific a
7X1vDXewsCM-00813-00240573-00240853 stable Indo Pacific region and a
7X1vDXewsCM-00814-00240854-00241183 rules-based global order each of these
7X1vDXewsCM-00815-00241184-00241330 strategic defense interests has
7X1vDXewsCM-00816-00241331-00241575 allocated to them corresponding
7X1vDXewsCM-00817-00241576-00241912 strategic defence objectives the
7X1vDXewsCM-00818-00241913-00242163 conceptual problem that the white paper
7X1vDXewsCM-00819-00242164-00242461 presents is that it gives each equal
7X1vDXewsCM-00820-00242462-00242716 priority to each of these interests and
7X1vDXewsCM-00821-00242717-00242967 by extension that offense strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00822-00242969-00243312 objectives the problem of having
7X1vDXewsCM-00823-00243313-00243637 strategic defence interests of equal
7X1vDXewsCM-00824-00243638-00243907 priority is that priorities for
7X1vDXewsCM-00825-00243908-00244167 capability building and strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00826-00244169-00244467 decision making then conditioned by
7X1vDXewsCM-00827-00244469-00244798 whatever the current process is short
7X1vDXewsCM-00828-00244798-00245203 term crises which are visible will often
7X1vDXewsCM-00829-00245204-00245425 take precedence over longer-term crises
7X1vDXewsCM-00830-00245426-00245878 which are not so visible we're in a
7X1vDXewsCM-00831-00245879-00246246 period of transition a characteristic of
7X1vDXewsCM-00832-00246248-00246412 periods of transition is that the
7X1vDXewsCM-00833-00246413-00246735 strategic environment will be ambiguous
7X1vDXewsCM-00834-00246736-00247159 we see experiments in hedging we will
7X1vDXewsCM-00835-00247160-00247390 see countries large and small across the
7X1vDXewsCM-00836-00247391-00247675 Indo Pacific behaving in unexpected ways
7X1vDXewsCM-00837-00247676-00248071 as they seek to position themselves in a
7X1vDXewsCM-00838-00248071-00248337 potentially different strategic order
7X1vDXewsCM-00839-00248338-00248557 because we don't know what the future
7X1vDXewsCM-00840-00248558-00248896 will bring the past can become very
7X1vDXewsCM-00841-00248896-00249267 seductive because it is what we know
7X1vDXewsCM-00842-00249267-00249589 policy therefore becomes very important
7X1vDXewsCM-00843-00249590-00249964 because the task of policy must be to
7X1vDXewsCM-00844-00249965-00250237 help us see the reality of our strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00845-00250238-00250561 environment and to guide decisions to
7X1vDXewsCM-00846-00250562-00250957 respond so what should we do I've four
7X1vDXewsCM-00847-00250958-00251312 suggestions another list
7X1vDXewsCM-00848-00251313-00251707 we need to increase presence and build
7X1vDXewsCM-00849-00251708-00252107 integration with regional countries at
7X1vDXewsCM-00850-00252108-00252442 the force level in terms of transition
7X1vDXewsCM-00851-00252444-00252848 presence matters presence means that you
7X1vDXewsCM-00852-00252848-00253181 are there and that you can respond both
7X1vDXewsCM-00853-00253182-00253457 operationally and strategically to
7X1vDXewsCM-00854-00253458-00253850 events both to solve problems now and to
7X1vDXewsCM-00855-00253851-00254084 create the decision-making structures of
7X1vDXewsCM-00856-00254085-00254357 the future we should increase our
7X1vDXewsCM-00857-00254358-00254600 presence in the region both in diplomacy
7X1vDXewsCM-00858-00254601-00255035 and in defense for defense the guiding
7X1vDXewsCM-00859-00255036-00255407 policy framework should be on capability
7X1vDXewsCM-00860-00255408-00255680 building to create the capacity for
7X1vDXewsCM-00861-00255681-00255926 forces to integrate to deal with both
7X1vDXewsCM-00862-00255927-00256210 strategic and operational challenges
7X1vDXewsCM-00863-00256211-00256475 forces should be capable of integration
7X1vDXewsCM-00864-00256476-00256661 to respond to contingencies at every
7X1vDXewsCM-00865-00256662-00257017 level the potential threat integration
7X1vDXewsCM-00866-00257019-00257258 must embody partnership including
7X1vDXewsCM-00867-00257259-00257492 acceptance of leadership from other
7X1vDXewsCM-00868-00257492-00257825 countries when that is appropriate with
7X1vDXewsCM-00869-00257826-00258134 Indonesia the country of most importance
7X1vDXewsCM-00870-00258135-00258463 to Australia and our long-term security
7X1vDXewsCM-00871-00258464-00258821 we should build integrated capability to
7X1vDXewsCM-00872-00258821-00259106 a level where we can create and operate
7X1vDXewsCM-00873-00259107-00259340 a combined task force that can be led by
7X1vDXewsCM-00874-00259341-00259658 either Indonesia or Australia and be
7X1vDXewsCM-00875-00259659-00259900 capable of dealing with a major regional
7X1vDXewsCM-00876-00259901-00260327 security challenge the operational test
7X1vDXewsCM-00877-00260328-00260507 for capability buildings should be the
7X1vDXewsCM-00878-00260508-00260801 capacity to integrate forces the
7X1vDXewsCM-00879-00260802-00261116 strategic test should be the capacity to
7X1vDXewsCM-00880-00261117-00261407 operate as an integrated force in high
7X1vDXewsCM-00881-00261408-00261680 intensity contingencies to either resist
7X1vDXewsCM-00882-00261681-00261932 coercion or signal willingness and
7X1vDXewsCM-00883-00261933-00262325 capacity to do so increased presence
7X1vDXewsCM-00884-00262326-00262616 that reflects a genuine partnership and
7X1vDXewsCM-00885-00262617-00262940 a building integration requires a
7X1vDXewsCM-00886-00262941-00263227 profound change in strategic in
7X1vDXewsCM-00887-00263228-00263579 operational culture both for Australia
7X1vDXewsCM-00888-00263580-00264001 and for our regional partners
7X1vDXewsCM-00889-00264002-00264368 we need to understand build and use
7X1vDXewsCM-00890-00264369-00264733 defense capability strategically we
7X1vDXewsCM-00891-00264734-00264938 build and use defense capability to
7X1vDXewsCM-00892-00264939-00265183 strengthen our position in our strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00893-00265184-00265643 environment to make us more powerful an
7X1vDXewsCM-00894-00265644-00265823 ADF that possesses major strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00895-00265824-00266152 capability increases Australia's ability
7X1vDXewsCM-00896-00266153-00266591 to act independently or in coalition the
7X1vDXewsCM-00897-00266592-00266789 primary lens for future capability
7X1vDXewsCM-00898-00266790-00267119 development should be on the extent to
7X1vDXewsCM-00899-00267120-00267351 which it contributes to this goal
7X1vDXewsCM-00900-00267352-00267601 emerging capabilities such as the Joint
7X1vDXewsCM-00901-00267602-00267848 Strike Fighter the future frigate and
7X1vDXewsCM-00902-00267849-00268139 the future submarine will change our
7X1vDXewsCM-00903-00268140-00268388 strategic environment increase
7X1vDXewsCM-00904-00268389-00268640 Australia's military power and will
7X1vDXewsCM-00905-00268641-00268831 create new opportunities for engagement
7X1vDXewsCM-00906-00268832-00269174 in capability capability building in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00907-00269175-00269570 indo-pacific we need to understand what
7X1vDXewsCM-00908-00269571-00269779 these capabilities represent
7X1vDXewsCM-00909-00269780-00270050 strategically how and where they can
7X1vDXewsCM-00910-00270051-00270331 increase Australia's power and the ways
7X1vDXewsCM-00911-00270332-00270502 in which we might continue to develop
7X1vDXewsCM-00912-00270503-00270845 and use them to increase our ability to
7X1vDXewsCM-00913-00270846-00271169 act independently in support of our
7X1vDXewsCM-00914-00271170-00271318 national interests
7X1vDXewsCM-00915-00271319-00271657 one of the major implications of these
7X1vDXewsCM-00916-00271658-00271957 capabilities is that in giving Australia
7X1vDXewsCM-00917-00271958-00272195 more power they will give Australia more
7X1vDXewsCM-00918-00272196-00272404 capacity and opportunities for
7X1vDXewsCM-00919-00272405-00272801 leadership I make the point that our
7X1vDXewsCM-00920-00272802-00273101 experience of leading in response to a
7X1vDXewsCM-00921-00273102-00273352 major security crisis in our region is
7X1vDXewsCM-00922-00273353-00273749 limited in recent history it is only the
7X1vDXewsCM-00923-00273750-00274013 independence of these timor-leste that I
7X1vDXewsCM-00924-00274014-00274258 would consider a major security crisis
7X1vDXewsCM-00925-00274259-00274510 that directly engaged our interests and
7X1vDXewsCM-00926-00274511-00274660 where Australia had to exercise
7X1vDXewsCM-00927-00274661-00275093 leadership we should build the terrans
7X1vDXewsCM-00928-00275094-00275332 capability that is independent of
7X1vDXewsCM-00929-00275333-00275720 Alliance systems the Alliance enhances
7X1vDXewsCM-00930-00275721-00275977 our deterrence because our deterrence
7X1vDXewsCM-00931-00275978-00276205 capabilities are integrated into larger
7X1vDXewsCM-00932-00276206-00276545 Alliance systems policies should focus
7X1vDXewsCM-00933-00276546-00276800 on strengthening our capacity to
7X1vDXewsCM-00934-00276801-00277006 exercise the pterence without
7X1vDXewsCM-00935-00277007-00277296 necessarily drawing on these systems
7X1vDXewsCM-00936-00277297-00277563 it may mean a greater focus on
7X1vDXewsCM-00937-00277564-00277866 developing indigenous capabilities that
7X1vDXewsCM-00938-00277867-00278181 have deterrent effect it may also
7X1vDXewsCM-00939-00278182-00278376 condition how we want to think about and
7X1vDXewsCM-00940-00278377-00278688 use some of the emerging strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00941-00278689-00278889 capabilities such as a future frigate in
7X1vDXewsCM-00942-00278890-00279315 the Joint Strike Fighter we should
7X1vDXewsCM-00943-00279316-00279552 understand that budgets drive capability
7X1vDXewsCM-00944-00279553-00279873 which in turn determines our capacity to
7X1vDXewsCM-00945-00279874-00280266 operate effectively in our region we are
7X1vDXewsCM-00946-00280267-00280476 getting smaller in relation to other
7X1vDXewsCM-00947-00280477-00280797 economies of the Indo Pacific this means
7X1vDXewsCM-00948-00280798-00281070 that if nothing changes we will over
7X1vDXewsCM-00949-00281071-00281370 time have less power including military
7X1vDXewsCM-00950-00281371-00281775 power to offset this we will need to
7X1vDXewsCM-00951-00281776-00282042 increase our defence capability this
7X1vDXewsCM-00952-00282043-00282195 means that we will need to put more
7X1vDXewsCM-00953-00282196-00282537 resources into defense the defense
7X1vDXewsCM-00954-00282538-00282934 budget thirty-one point two billion in
7X1vDXewsCM-00955-00282935-00283545 2018 19 budget papers is significant but
7X1vDXewsCM-00956-00283546-00283818 it is by no means the largest item of
7X1vDXewsCM-00957-00283819-00284127 projected Commonwealth expenditure it is
7X1vDXewsCM-00958-00284128-00284400 less than the expenditures on health 78
7X1vDXewsCM-00959-00284401-00284802 billion education 34 billion Social
7X1vDXewsCM-00960-00284803-00285240 Security and Welfare 176 billion the
7X1vDXewsCM-00961-00285241-00285507 measure of the adequacy of the defense
7X1vDXewsCM-00962-00285508-00285855 budget does not lie in how much our
7X1vDXewsCM-00963-00285856-00286278 proportion of GDP it represents nor does
7X1vDXewsCM-00964-00286279-00286634 it lie in the share of annual budget
7X1vDXewsCM-00965-00286635-00286827 allocations across Commonwealth
7X1vDXewsCM-00966-00286828-00287207 expenditures the only meaningful measure
7X1vDXewsCM-00967-00287208-00287442 of whether the defense budget is
7X1vDXewsCM-00968-00287443-00287826 adequate lies in how much capability it
7X1vDXewsCM-00969-00287827-00288209 allows us to acquire or develop it is a
7X1vDXewsCM-00970-00288210-00288512 level of capability that determines the
7X1vDXewsCM-00971-00288513-00288849 contribution of defense to our ability
7X1vDXewsCM-00972-00288850-00289122 to support our national interest in the
7X1vDXewsCM-00973-00289123-00289497 indo-pacific ultimately how much is
7X1vDXewsCM-00974-00289498-00289830 enough rests on a judgement about the
7X1vDXewsCM-00975-00289831-00290112 level and nature of strategic risk and
7X1vDXewsCM-00976-00290113-00290430 the extent to which we want to try and
7X1vDXewsCM-00977-00290431-00290565 mitigate it
7X1vDXewsCM-00978-00290566-00290865 through a capability building as each of
7X1vDXewsCM-00979-00290866-00291027 us tonight has argued from different
7X1vDXewsCM-00980-00291028-00291270 perspectives our strategic risk is
7X1vDXewsCM-00981-00291271-00291983 increasing in summary the changes to how
7X1vDXewsCM-00982-00291984-00292317 we participate in the indo-pacific will
7X1vDXewsCM-00983-00292318-00292575 be profound we will not only have to
7X1vDXewsCM-00984-00292576-00292914 reimagine it what we do but in some ways
7X1vDXewsCM-00985-00292915-00293364 who we are we need to build much greater
7X1vDXewsCM-00986-00293365-00293694 defence integration with countries of
7X1vDXewsCM-00987-00293695-00294007 the Indo Pacific particularly Indonesia
7X1vDXewsCM-00988-00294008-00294327 we need to build capabilities that give
7X1vDXewsCM-00989-00294328-00294570 us more deterrence with less reliance on
7X1vDXewsCM-00990-00294571-00294969 Alliance systems priority for capability
7X1vDXewsCM-00991-00294970-00295137 development should focus on increasing
7X1vDXewsCM-00992-00295138-00295491 our capacity to support our strategic
7X1vDXewsCM-00993-00295492-00295614 interests in the region
7X1vDXewsCM-00994-00295615-00295926 where we live we need to be ready for
7X1vDXewsCM-00995-00295927-00296183 leadership in the event of a major
7X1vDXewsCM-00996-00296184-00296463 security crisis that engages our
7X1vDXewsCM-00997-00296464-00296865 national interests in summary we need a
7X1vDXewsCM-00998-00296866-00297170 defense capability that can support our
7X1vDXewsCM-00999-00297171-00297458 participation in a world where the rules
7X1vDXewsCM-01000-00297459-00297723 are likely to be negotiated continually
7X1vDXewsCM-01001-00297724-00298007 and where the capacity to exercise force
7X1vDXewsCM-01002-00298008-00298362 will be an essential foundation of our
7X1vDXewsCM-01003-00298363-00299398 ability to live in this world as we want
7X1vDXewsCM-01004-00299399-00299841 [Applause]
7YdhxrMUNT0-00000-00000013-00000385 the agenda caves are 30 approx rock-cut
7YdhxrMUNT0-00001-00000386-00000580 Buddhist cave monuments which date from
7YdhxrMUNT0-00002-00000581-00000865 the second century BCE to about 480 seee
7YdhxrMUNT0-00003-00000866-00001105 in Aurangabad district of maharashtra
7YdhxrMUNT0-00004-00001106-00001339 state of india the caves include
7YdhxrMUNT0-00005-00001340-00001519 paintings and rock cut sculptures
7YdhxrMUNT0-00006-00001520-00001732 described as among the finest surviving
7YdhxrMUNT0-00007-00001732-00001903 examples of ancient Indian art
7YdhxrMUNT0-00008-00001904-00002122 particularly expressive paintings that
7YdhxrMUNT0-00009-00002123-00002338 present emotion through gesture pose and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00010-00002339-00002539 form according to UNESCO these are
7YdhxrMUNT0-00011-00002540-00002743 masterpieces of Buddhist religious art
7YdhxrMUNT0-00012-00002744-00002910 that influenced the Indian art that
7YdhxrMUNT0-00013-00002911-00003154 followed the caves were built in two
7YdhxrMUNT0-00014-00003155-00003340 phases the first phase starting around
7YdhxrMUNT0-00015-00003340-00003597 the 2nd century BCE while the second
7YdhxrMUNT0-00016-00003598-00003915 phase was built around 400 to 650 seee
7YdhxrMUNT0-00017-00003917-00004131 according to older accounts or in a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00018-00004132-00004459 brief period of 460 to 480 C II
7YdhxrMUNT0-00019-00004460-00004744 according to later scholarship the site
7YdhxrMUNT0-00020-00004745-00004927 is a protected monument in the care of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00021-00004928-00005149 the Archaeological Survey of India and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00022-00005150-00005422 since 1983 the Ajanta caves have been a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00023-00005423-00005740 unesco world heritage site the Ajanta
7YdhxrMUNT0-00024-00005741-00005995 caves constitute ancient monasteries and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00025-00005996-00006154 worship halls of different Buddhist
7YdhxrMUNT0-00026-00006155-00006423 traditions carved into a 250 feet wall
7YdhxrMUNT0-00027-00006424-00006727 of rock the caves also present paintings
7YdhxrMUNT0-00028-00006728-00006945 depicting the past lives and rebirths of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00029-00006946-00007144 the Buddha pictorial tales from ru
7YdhxrMUNT0-00030-00007145-00007320 Sara's Giada Kamala and rock-cut
7YdhxrMUNT0-00031-00007321-00007612 sculptures of Buddhist deities textual
7YdhxrMUNT0-00032-00007613-00007809 records suggest that these caves served
7YdhxrMUNT0-00033-00007810-00008026 as a monsoon retreat for monks as well
7YdhxrMUNT0-00034-00008027-00008187 as a resting site for merchants and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00035-00008188-00008460 pilgrims in ancient India while vivid
7YdhxrMUNT0-00036-00008461-00008634 colors and mural wall painting were
7YdhxrMUNT0-00037-00008635-00008851 abundant in Indian history as evidenced
7YdhxrMUNT0-00038-00008852-00009030 by historical records caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00039-00009031-00009330 16:17 one and two of a john deformed the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00040-00009331-00009501 largest corpus of surviving ancient
7YdhxrMUNT0-00041-00009502-00009813 Indian wall painting the agenda caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00042-00009814-00010002 are mentioned in the memoirs of several
7YdhxrMUNT0-00043-00010003-00010216 medieval era Chinese Buddhist travelers
7YdhxrMUNT0-00044-00010217-00010444 to India and by a mughal era official of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00045-00010445-00010780 Akbar era in the early 17th century they
7YdhxrMUNT0-00046-00010781-00010917 were covered by jungle until
7YdhxrMUNT0-00047-00010918-00011199 accidentally discovered and brought to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00048-00011200-00011481 Western attention in 1819 by a colonial
7YdhxrMUNT0-00049-00011482-00011709 British officer Captain John Smith on a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00050-00011710-00012003 tiger hunting party the Ajanta caves are
7YdhxrMUNT0-00051-00012004-00012171 located on the side of a rocky cliff
7YdhxrMUNT0-00052-00012172-00012387 that is on the north side of a u-shaped
7YdhxrMUNT0-00053-00012388-00012601 gorge on the small River wagger in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00054-00012602-00012859 Deccan Plateau further round the gorge
7YdhxrMUNT0-00055-00012860-00013057 are a number of waterfalls which when
7YdhxrMUNT0-00056-00013058-00013228 the river is high or audible from
7YdhxrMUNT0-00057-00013229-00013391 outside the caves with the allure
7YdhxrMUNT0-00058-00013391-00013604 Caves Ajanta is one of the major tourist
7YdhxrMUNT0-00059-00013605-00013924 attractions of Maharashtra it is about
7YdhxrMUNT0-00060-00013925-00014216 six kilometers three point seven miles
7YdhxrMUNT0-00061-00014216-00014833 from Farda / 59 km/h Maharashtra India
7YdhxrMUNT0-00062-00014834-00015197 104 kilometers 65 miles from the city of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00063-00015197-00015575 orange Abad and 350 kilometers 220 miles
7YdhxrMUNT0-00064-00015576-00015908 east-northeast from Mumbai it is 100
7YdhxrMUNT0-00065-00015909-00016163 kilometres 62 miles from the ellora
7YdhxrMUNT0-00066-00016163-00016366 caves which contain Hindu Jain and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00067-00016368-00016586 Buddhist caves the last dating from a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00068-00016587-00016865 period similar to a John De the agenda
7YdhxrMUNT0-00069-00016866-00017050 style is also found in the ellora caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00070-00017051-00017275 and other sites such as the elephanta
7YdhxrMUNT0-00071-00017276-00017500 caves are Unga baat caves shivling e
7YdhxrMUNT0-00072-00017501-00018216 caves and the cave temples of Karnataka
7YdhxrMUNT0-00073-00018217-00018718 topic history
7YdhxrMUNT0-00074-00018719-00018970 the agenda caves are generally agreed to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00075-00018971-00019129 have been made in two distinct periods
7YdhxrMUNT0-00076-00019130-00019327 the first belonging to the second
7YdhxrMUNT0-00077-00019328-00019621 century BCE to first century CE II and a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00078-00019622-00019807 second period that followed several
7YdhxrMUNT0-00079-00019808-00020059 centuries later the caves consists of 36
7YdhxrMUNT0-00080-00020060-00020278 identifiable foundations some of them
7YdhxrMUNT0-00081-00020279-00020467 discovered after the original numbering
7YdhxrMUNT0-00082-00020468-00020764 of the caves from 1 through 29 the later
7YdhxrMUNT0-00083-00020765-00020980 identified caves have been suffix twith
7YdhxrMUNT0-00084-00020981-00021214 the letters of the alphabet such as 15a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00085-00021215-00021409 identified between originally numbered
7YdhxrMUNT0-00086-00021410-00021769 caves 15 and 16 the cave numbering is a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00087-00021770-00021946 convention of convenience and has
7YdhxrMUNT0-00088-00021947-00022135 nothing to do with chronological order
7YdhxrMUNT0-00089-00022136-00022694 of their construction
7YdhxrMUNT0-00090-00022695-00022997 topic caves of the first satavahana
7YdhxrMUNT0-00091-00022998-00023369 period
7YdhxrMUNT0-00092-00023370-00023579 the earliest groups construction
7YdhxrMUNT0-00093-00023580-00023953 consists of caves 9 10 12 13 and 15a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00094-00023954-00024215 this grouping and their belonging to the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00095-00024216-00024452 Hinayana Theravada tradition of Buddhism
7YdhxrMUNT0-00096-00024453-00024674 is generally accepted by scholars but
7YdhxrMUNT0-00097-00024675-00024821 there are differing opinions on which
7YdhxrMUNT0-00098-00024822-00025001 century in which the early caves were
7YdhxrMUNT0-00099-00025002-00025271 built according to Walter Spain they
7YdhxrMUNT0-00100-00025272-00025529 were made during the period 100 BCE to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00101-00025530-00025793 100 CE he probably under the patronage
7YdhxrMUNT0-00102-00025794-00026089 of the Hindu Satavahana dynasty 230 BCE
7YdhxrMUNT0-00103-00026091-00026486 C 220 CE II who ruled the region other
7YdhxrMUNT0-00104-00026487-00026705 datings prefer the period of the Maurya
7YdhxrMUNT0-00105-00026706-00027182 Empire 300 BCE to 100 BCE of these caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00106-00027183-00027380 nine and ten are stupid containing
7YdhxrMUNT0-00107-00027381-00027599 worship halls of che t agree ha form in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00108-00027600-00027944 caves 12 13 and 15 AR viharas see the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00109-00027945-00028079 architecture section below for
7YdhxrMUNT0-00110-00028080-00028339 descriptions of these types the first
7YdhxrMUNT0-00111-00028341-00028546 satavahana period caves lacked
7YdhxrMUNT0-00112-00028547-00028751 figurative sculpture emphasizing the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00113-00028752-00029042 stupa instead according to spank
7YdhxrMUNT0-00114-00029043-00029252 once the satavahana period caves were
7YdhxrMUNT0-00115-00029252-00029450 made the site was not further developed
7YdhxrMUNT0-00116-00029451-00029645 for a considerable period until the mid
7YdhxrMUNT0-00117-00029645-00029930 fifth century however the early caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00118-00029931-00030110 were in use during this dormant period
7YdhxrMUNT0-00119-00030111-00030320 and Buddhist pilgrims visited the site
7YdhxrMUNT0-00120-00030320-00030527 according to the records left by Chinese
7YdhxrMUNT0-00121-00030527-00031242 pilgrim facts II and around 400 C II
7YdhxrMUNT0-00122-00031243-00031551 topic caves of the later or vakataka
7YdhxrMUNT0-00123-00031552-00031942 period
7YdhxrMUNT0-00124-00031943-00032170 the second phase of construction at the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00125-00032171-00032362 Ajanta caves site began in the fifth
7YdhxrMUNT0-00126-00032363-00032629 century for a long time it was thought
7YdhxrMUNT0-00127-00032630-00032804 that the later caves were made over an
7YdhxrMUNT0-00128-00032805-00033032 extended period from the 4th to the 7th
7YdhxrMUNT0-00129-00033033-00033268 century CE but in recent decades a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00130-00033269-00033479 series of studies by the leading expert
7YdhxrMUNT0-00131-00033480-00033718 on the caves Walter M have argued
7YdhxrMUNT0-00132-00033719-00033901 that most of the work took place over
7YdhxrMUNT0-00133-00033902-00034229 the very brief period from 460 to 480 C
7YdhxrMUNT0-00134-00034230-00034408 II during the reign of Hindu Emperor
7YdhxrMUNT0-00135-00034409-00034702 Hera Sheena of the vakataka dynasty this
7YdhxrMUNT0-00136-00034703-00034855 view has been criticized by some
7YdhxrMUNT0-00137-00034856-00035095 scholars but is now broadly accepted by
7YdhxrMUNT0-00138-00035096-00035305 most authors of general books on Indian
7YdhxrMUNT0-00139-00035306-00035517 art for example Huntington and Horrell
7YdhxrMUNT0-00140-00035518-00035785 the second phase is attributed to the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00141-00035786-00035989 theistic Mahayana or greater vehicle
7YdhxrMUNT0-00142-00035990-00036247 tradition of Buddhism caves of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00143-00036248-00036622 second period are 1 2 8 11 14 to 29 some
7YdhxrMUNT0-00144-00036623-00036837 possibly extensions of earlier caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00145-00036838-00037270 caves 19 26 and 29 arch 80 agree Haws
7YdhxrMUNT0-00146-00037271-00037549 the rest viharas the most elaborate
7YdhxrMUNT0-00147-00037550-00037760 caves were produced in this period which
7YdhxrMUNT0-00148-00037761-00037912 included some refurbishing and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00149-00037913-00038113 repainting of the early caves Spinks
7YdhxrMUNT0-00150-00038114-00038263 states that it is possible to establish
7YdhxrMUNT0-00151-00038264-00038491 dating for this period with a very high
7YdhxrMUNT0-00152-00038492-00038707 level of precision a fuller account of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00153-00038708-00038885 his chronology is given below
7YdhxrMUNT0-00154-00038886-00039179 although debate continues Spinks ideas
7YdhxrMUNT0-00155-00039180-00039379 are increasingly widely accepted at
7YdhxrMUNT0-00156-00039380-00039625 least in their broad conclusions the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00157-00039626-00039826 Archaeological Survey of India website
7YdhxrMUNT0-00158-00039827-00040033 still presents the traditional dating
7YdhxrMUNT0-00159-00040034-00040285 the second phase of paintings started
7YdhxrMUNT0-00160-00040286-00040535 around fifth sixth centuries ad and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00161-00040536-00040896 continued for the next two centuries
7YdhxrMUNT0-00162-00040897-00041131 according to spank the construction
7YdhxrMUNT0-00163-00041132-00041338 activity at the incomplete Ajanta caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00164-00041339-00041542 was abandoned by wealthy patrons in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00165-00041543-00041810 about 4a BCE a few years after the death
7YdhxrMUNT0-00166-00041811-00042118 of Hera Sheena however states pink the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00167-00042119-00042289 caves appear to have been in use for a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00168-00042290-00042490 period of time as evidenced by the wear
7YdhxrMUNT0-00169-00042491-00042673 of the pivot holes caves constructed
7YdhxrMUNT0-00170-00042674-00042994 close to 480 C II the second phase of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00171-00042995-00043201 constructions and decorations at Ajanta
7YdhxrMUNT0-00172-00043202-00043399 corresponds to the very apogee of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00173-00043400-00043624 classical India or India's Golden Age
7YdhxrMUNT0-00174-00043625-00043873 according to Richard Cohen 7th century
7YdhxrMUNT0-00175-00043874-00044092 Chinese travelers xuanzang's reports
7YdhxrMUNT0-00176-00044093-00044248 about the caves and the scattered
7YdhxrMUNT0-00177-00044249-00044422 graffiti from the medieval centuries
7YdhxrMUNT0-00178-00044423-00044626 uncovered at the site suggests that the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00179-00044627-00044833 Ajanta caves were known and probably in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00180-00044834-00045013 use but without a stable or steady
7YdhxrMUNT0-00181-00045014-00045274 Buddhist community presence at the site
7YdhxrMUNT0-00182-00045275-00045451 the agenda caves are mentioned in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00183-00045452-00045770 17th century text a niot bari by abu al
7YdhxrMUNT0-00184-00045771-00046061 Faisal as 24 rock-cut cave temples each
7YdhxrMUNT0-00185-00046062-00046501 with remarkable idols topic discovery by
7YdhxrMUNT0-00186-00046502-00046723 the western world on the 28th of April
7YdhxrMUNT0-00187-00046724-00046835 1819
7YdhxrMUNT0-00188-00046836-00047060 British officer named John Smith of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00189-00047061-00047282 28th cavalry while hunting Tigers
7YdhxrMUNT0-00190-00047283-00047452 discovered the entrance to cave number
7YdhxrMUNT0-00191-00047453-00047680 10 when a local shepherd boy guided him
7YdhxrMUNT0-00192-00047681-00047926 to the location in the door the caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00193-00047927-00048087 were well known by locals already
7YdhxrMUNT0-00194-00048088-00048311 Captain Smith went to a nearby village
7YdhxrMUNT0-00195-00048312-00048532 and asked the villagers to come to the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00196-00048533-00048793 site with axes Spears torches and drums
7YdhxrMUNT0-00197-00048794-00048992 to cut down the tangled jungle growth
7YdhxrMUNT0-00198-00048993-00049177 that made entering the cave difficult
7YdhxrMUNT0-00199-00049178-00049390 he then vandalized the wall by
7YdhxrMUNT0-00200-00049391-00049564 scratching his name and the date over
7YdhxrMUNT0-00201-00049565-00049820 the painting of a bodhisattva since he
7YdhxrMUNT0-00202-00049821-00050026 stood on a five foot high pile of rubble
7YdhxrMUNT0-00203-00050027-00050198 collected over the years the inscription
7YdhxrMUNT0-00204-00050199-00050404 is well above the eye level gaze of an
7YdhxrMUNT0-00205-00050405-00050680 adult today a paper on the caves by
7YdhxrMUNT0-00206-00050681-00050873 William Erskine was read to the Bombay
7YdhxrMUNT0-00207-00050874-00051238 literary society in 1822 within a few
7YdhxrMUNT0-00208-00051239-00051449 decades the caves became famous for
7YdhxrMUNT0-00209-00051450-00051629 their exotic setting impressive
7YdhxrMUNT0-00210-00051629-00051787 architecture and above all their
7YdhxrMUNT0-00211-00051788-00051969 exceptional and unique paintings a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00212-00051970-00052243 number of large projects to copy the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00213-00052244-00052408 paintings were made in the century after
7YdhxrMUNT0-00214-00052409-00052756 rediscovery in 1848 the Royal Asiatic
7YdhxrMUNT0-00215-00052757-00053015 Society established the Bombay cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-00216-00053016-00053230 temple commissioned to clear tidy and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00217-00053231-00053437 record the most important rock cut sites
7YdhxrMUNT0-00218-00053438-00053629 in the Bombay presidency with John
7YdhxrMUNT0-00219-00053630-00054011 Wilson as president in 1861 this became
7YdhxrMUNT0-00220-00054012-00054212 the nucleus of the new Archaeological
7YdhxrMUNT0-00221-00054213-00054418 Survey of India during the colonial era
7YdhxrMUNT0-00222-00054419-00054643 the Ajanta site was in the territory of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00223-00054644-00054838 the princely state of the Hyderabad and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00224-00054839-00055175 not British India in the early 1920s the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00225-00055176-00055403 Nizam of Hyderabad appointed people to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00226-00055404-00055594 restore the artwork converted the site
7YdhxrMUNT0-00227-00055595-00055796 into a museum and built a road to bring
7YdhxrMUNT0-00228-00055797-00056050 tourists to the site for a fee these
7YdhxrMUNT0-00229-00056051-00056254 efforts resulted in early mismanagement
7YdhxrMUNT0-00230-00056255-00056467 States Richard Cohen and hastened the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00231-00056469-00056704 deterioration of the site post
7YdhxrMUNT0-00232-00056705-00056897 independence the state government of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00233-00056898-00057130 Maharashtra built a rival transport
7YdhxrMUNT0-00234-00057131-00057325 facilities and better site management
7YdhxrMUNT0-00235-00057326-00057587 the modern visitor center has good
7YdhxrMUNT0-00236-00057588-00057737 parking facilities and public
7YdhxrMUNT0-00237-00057738-00058012 conveniences and assi operated buses run
7YdhxrMUNT0-00238-00058013-00058216 at regular intervals from visitor center
7YdhxrMUNT0-00239-00058217-00058448 to the caves the Ajanta caves along with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00240-00058449-00058599 the Ellora caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00241-00058600-00058805 the most popular tourist destination in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00242-00058807-00059010 Maharashtra and are often crowded at
7YdhxrMUNT0-00243-00059011-00059211 Holiday times increasing the threat to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00244-00059212-00059262 the caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00245-00059263-00059589 especially the paintings in 2012 the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00246-00059590-00059727 Maharashtra Tourism Development
7YdhxrMUNT0-00247-00059728-00059973 Corporation announced plans to add to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00248-00059974-00060120 the aussie visitor center at the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00249-00060121-00060378 entrance complete replicas of caves 1 to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00250-00060379-00060648 16 and 17 to reduce crowding in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00251-00060649-00060864 originals and enable visitors to receive
7YdhxrMUNT0-00252-00060865-00061055 a better visual idea of the paintings
7YdhxrMUNT0-00253-00061057-00061241 which are dimly lit and hard to read in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00254-00061242-00061799 the caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00255-00061800-00062410 topic architecture and sculpture
7YdhxrMUNT0-00256-00062411-00062761 you
7YdhxrMUNT0-00257-00062762-00063224 topic site
7YdhxrMUNT0-00258-00063225-00063454 the caves are carved out of flood basalt
7YdhxrMUNT0-00259-00063455-00063635 rock of a cliff part of the Deccan Traps
7YdhxrMUNT0-00260-00063636-00063892 formed by successive volcanic eruptions
7YdhxrMUNT0-00261-00063894-00064094 at the end of the Cretaceous geological
7YdhxrMUNT0-00262-00064095-00064370 period the rock is layered horizontally
7YdhxrMUNT0-00263-00064371-00064610 and somewhat variable in quality this
7YdhxrMUNT0-00264-00064611-00064775 variation within the rock layers
7YdhxrMUNT0-00265-00064776-00064954 required the artists to amend their
7YdhxrMUNT0-00266-00064955-00065246 carving methods and plans in places the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00267-00065247-00065467 inhomogeneity in the rock have also led
7YdhxrMUNT0-00268-00065469-00065672 to cracks and collapses in the centuries
7YdhxrMUNT0-00269-00065673-00065864 that followed as with the lost portico
7YdhxrMUNT0-00270-00065865-00066179 to cave one excavation began by cutting
7YdhxrMUNT0-00271-00066180-00066374 a narrow tunnel at roof level which was
7YdhxrMUNT0-00272-00066375-00066563 expanded downwards and outwards as
7YdhxrMUNT0-00273-00066564-00066731 evidenced by some of the incomplete
7YdhxrMUNT0-00274-00066732-00066947 caves such as the partially built vihara
7YdhxrMUNT0-00275-00066948-00067247 caves 21 through 24 in the abandoned
7YdhxrMUNT0-00276-00067248-00067511 incomplete cave 28 the sculpture artists
7YdhxrMUNT0-00277-00067512-00067694 likely worked at both excavating the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00278-00067695-00067880 rocks and making the intricate carvings
7YdhxrMUNT0-00279-00067881-00068096 of pillars roof and idols further the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00280-00068097-00068270 sculpture and painting work inside a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00281-00068271-00068518 cave were an integrated parallel tasks a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00282-00068519-00068792 grand gateway to the site was carved at
7YdhxrMUNT0-00283-00068793-00069011 the apex of the gorges horseshoe between
7YdhxrMUNT0-00284-00069012-00069284 caves 15 and 16 as approached from the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00285-00069285-00069482 river and it is decorated with elephants
7YdhxrMUNT0-00286-00069483-00069701 on either side and Onaga or protective
7YdhxrMUNT0-00287-00069702-00070004 Naga snake deity similar methods and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00288-00070005-00070220 application of artist talent as observed
7YdhxrMUNT0-00289-00070221-00070430 in other cave temples of India such as
7YdhxrMUNT0-00290-00070431-00070691 those from Hinduism and Jainism these
7YdhxrMUNT0-00291-00070692-00070889 include the ellora caves Goethe kaca
7YdhxrMUNT0-00292-00070890-00071204 caves elephanta caves bog caves bottome
7YdhxrMUNT0-00293-00071205-00071435 caves or Unga bog caves and Cipollini
7YdhxrMUNT0-00294-00071436-00071720 caves the caves from the first period
7YdhxrMUNT0-00295-00071721-00071900 seem to have been paid for by a number
7YdhxrMUNT0-00296-00071901-00072095 of different patrons to gain merit with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00297-00072096-00072263 several inscriptions recording the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00298-00072264-00072458 donation of particular portions of a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00299-00072459-00072716 single cave the later caves were each
7YdhxrMUNT0-00300-00072717-00072893 commissioned as a complete unit by a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00301-00072894-00073112 single patron from the local rulers or
7YdhxrMUNT0-00302-00073113-00073292 their court elites again for merit in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00303-00073293-00073493 Buddhist afterlife beliefs as evidenced
7YdhxrMUNT0-00304-00073494-00073745 by inscriptions such as those in cave 17
7YdhxrMUNT0-00305-00073746-00074012 after the death of Hara Sina smaller
7YdhxrMUNT0-00306-00074013-00074246 donors motivated by getting merit at its
7YdhxrMUNT0-00307-00074247-00074558 small shrine let's between the caves or
7YdhxrMUNT0-00308-00074559-00074795 add statues to existing caves and some
7YdhxrMUNT0-00309-00074796-00075122 200 of these intrusive additions were
7YdhxrMUNT0-00310-00075123-00075299 made in sculpture with a further number
7YdhxrMUNT0-00311-00075300-00075557 of intrusive paintings up to 300 in cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-00312-00075558-00075787 10 alone
7YdhxrMUNT0-00313-00075788-00076099 you
7YdhxrMUNT0-00314-00076100-00076614 topic monasteries
7YdhxrMUNT0-00315-00076615-00076845 the majority of the caves are vihara
7YdhxrMUNT0-00316-00076846-00077136 halls with symmetrical square plans to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00317-00077137-00077337 each vihara Hall are attached smaller
7YdhxrMUNT0-00318-00077338-00077541 square dormitory cells cut into the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00319-00077542-00077841 walls a vast majority of the caves were
7YdhxrMUNT0-00320-00077842-00078039 carved in the second period we're in a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00321-00078040-00078249 shrine or sanctuary is appended at the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00322-00078250-00078426 rear of the cave centered on a large
7YdhxrMUNT0-00323-00078427-00078543 statue of the Buddha
7YdhxrMUNT0-00324-00078544-00078747 along with exuberantly detailed reliefs
7YdhxrMUNT0-00325-00078748-00078936 and deities near him as well as on the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00326-00078937-00079116 pillars and walls all carved out of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00327-00079117-00079392 natural rock this change reflects the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00328-00079393-00079593 shift from Hinayana to Mahayana Buddhism
7YdhxrMUNT0-00329-00079594-00079880 these caves are often called monasteries
7YdhxrMUNT0-00330-00079881-00080169 the central square space of the interior
7YdhxrMUNT0-00331-00080170-00080361 of the viharas is defined by square
7YdhxrMUNT0-00332-00080362-00080556 columns forming a more-or-less square
7YdhxrMUNT0-00333-00080557-00080807 open area outside this are long
7YdhxrMUNT0-00334-00080808-00081024 rectangular aisles on each side forming
7YdhxrMUNT0-00335-00081025-00081303 a kind of cloister along the side and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00336-00081304-00081492 rear walls are a number of small cells
7YdhxrMUNT0-00337-00081493-00081693 entered by a narrow doorway these are
7YdhxrMUNT0-00338-00081694-00081900 roughly square and have small niches on
7YdhxrMUNT0-00339-00081901-00082134 their back walls originally they had
7YdhxrMUNT0-00340-00082135-00082382 wooden doors the center of the rear wall
7YdhxrMUNT0-00341-00082383-00082551 has a larger shrine room behind
7YdhxrMUNT0-00342-00082552-00082884 containing a large Buddha statue the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00343-00082885-00083079 viharas of the earlier period are much
7YdhxrMUNT0-00344-00083080-00083391 simpler and lacked shrines places
7YdhxrMUNT0-00345-00083392-00083594 the change to a design with a shrine to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00346-00083595-00083763 the middle of the second period with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00347-00083764-00083969 many caves being adapted to add a shrine
7YdhxrMUNT0-00348-00083970-00084171 in mid excavation or after the original
7YdhxrMUNT0-00349-00084172-00084414 phase the plan of cave one shows one of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00350-00084415-00084594 the largest be Horus but as fairly
7YdhxrMUNT0-00351-00084595-00084869 typical of the later group many others
7YdhxrMUNT0-00352-00084870-00085131 such as cave 16 lack the vestibule to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00353-00085132-00085293 the shrine which leads straight off the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00354-00085294-00085638 main hall cave 6 as to viharas one above
7YdhxrMUNT0-00355-00085639-00085832 the other connected by internal stairs
7YdhxrMUNT0-00356-00085833-00086497 with sanctuaries on both levels
7YdhxrMUNT0-00357-00086498-00087016 topic worship halls
7YdhxrMUNT0-00358-00087017-00087271 the other type of main hall architecture
7YdhxrMUNT0-00359-00087272-00087457 as the narrower rectangular plan with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00360-00087458-00087682 high arched ceiling type Shh agree huh
7YdhxrMUNT0-00361-00087683-00087994 literally the house of stupa this hall
7YdhxrMUNT0-00362-00087995-00088210 is longitudinally divided into a nave
7YdhxrMUNT0-00363-00088211-00088426 and two narrower side aisles separated
7YdhxrMUNT0-00364-00088427-00088618 by a symmetrical row of pillars with a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00365-00088619-00088861 stupa in the apse the stupa is
7YdhxrMUNT0-00366-00088862-00089059 surrounded by pillars and a concentric
7YdhxrMUNT0-00367-00089060-00089344 walking space for circumambulation some
7YdhxrMUNT0-00368-00089345-00089509 of the caves have elaborate carved
7YdhxrMUNT0-00369-00089510-00089728 entrances some with large windows over
7YdhxrMUNT0-00370-00089729-00089995 the door to admit light there is often a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00371-00089996-00090208 colonnaded porch or veranda with another
7YdhxrMUNT0-00372-00090209-00090406 space inside the doors running the width
7YdhxrMUNT0-00373-00090407-00090673 of the cave the oldest worship halls at
7YdhxrMUNT0-00374-00090674-00090868 Ajanta were built in the 2nd to 1st
7YdhxrMUNT0-00375-00090869-00091126 century BCE the newest ones in the late
7YdhxrMUNT0-00376-00091127-00091357 5th century CE II and the architecture
7YdhxrMUNT0-00377-00091358-00091549 of both resembles the architecture of a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00378-00091550-00091693 Christian Church but without the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00379-00091694-00091948 crossing or Chapel Chevette the Ajanta
7YdhxrMUNT0-00380-00091949-00092137 caves follow the cathedral style
7YdhxrMUNT0-00381-00092138-00092320 architecture found in still older
7YdhxrMUNT0-00382-00092321-00092527 rock-cut caved carvings of ancient india
7YdhxrMUNT0-00383-00092528-00092728 such as the lomas rishi cave of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00384-00092729-00092950 akiva cos near gaya in bihar dated to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00385-00092951-00093265 the 3rd century BCE these cheeky agree
7YdhxrMUNT0-00386-00093266-00093457 ha are called worship or prayer halls
7YdhxrMUNT0-00387-00093458-00093730 the 4 completed Jada halls are caves 9
7YdhxrMUNT0-00388-00093731-00093997 and 10 from the early period in caves 19
7YdhxrMUNT0-00389-00093998-00094195 and 26 from the later period of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00390-00094196-00094456 construction all followed the typical
7YdhxrMUNT0-00391-00094457-00094636 form found elsewhere with high ceilings
7YdhxrMUNT0-00392-00094637-00094951 in a central nave leading to the stupa
7YdhxrMUNT0-00393-00094952-00095101 which is near the back but allows
7YdhxrMUNT0-00394-00095102-00095281 walking behind it as walking around
7YdhxrMUNT0-00395-00095282-00095497 stupas was and remains a common element
7YdhxrMUNT0-00396-00095498-00095764 of Buddhist worship production ax the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00397-00095765-00095986 later to have high ribbed roofs carved
7YdhxrMUNT0-00398-00095987-00096190 into the rock which reflect timber forms
7YdhxrMUNT0-00399-00096191-00096340 and the earlier to are thought to have
7YdhxrMUNT0-00400-00096341-00096526 used actual timber ribs and are now
7YdhxrMUNT0-00401-00096527-00096703 smooth the original wood presumed to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00402-00096704-00096973 have perished the two later halls have a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00403-00096974-00097216 rather unusual arrangement also found in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00404-00097217-00097426 cave 10 at ellora where the stupa is
7YdhxrMUNT0-00405-00097427-00097618 fronted by a large relief sculpture of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00406-00097619-00097846 the Buddha standing in cave 19 and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00407-00097847-00098236 seated in cave 26 cave 29 as a late and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00408-00098237-00098458 very incomplete Jada Hall the form of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00409-00098459-00098659 columns in the work of the first period
7YdhxrMUNT0-00410-00098660-00098857 is very plain and unembellished with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00411-00098858-00099094 both Jada halls using simple octagonal
7YdhxrMUNT0-00412-00099095-00099268 columns which were later painted with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00413-00099269-00099475 images of the Buddha people and monks in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00414-00099476-00099769 robes in the second period columns were
7YdhxrMUNT0-00415-00099770-00099976 far more varied and inventive often
7YdhxrMUNT0-00416-00099977-00100162 changing profile over their height and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00417-00100163-00100333 with elaborate carved capital
7YdhxrMUNT0-00418-00100334-00100609 often spreading wide many columns are
7YdhxrMUNT0-00419-00100610-00100768 carved over all their surface with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00420-00100769-00101026 floral motifs and Mahayana deities some
7YdhxrMUNT0-00421-00101027-00101239 fluted and others carved with decoration
7YdhxrMUNT0-00422-00101240-00101896 all over as in cave one
7YdhxrMUNT0-00423-00101897-00102410 topic paintings
7YdhxrMUNT0-00424-00102411-00102602 the paintings in the Ajanta caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00425-00102603-00102794 predominantly narrate the Jataka tales
7YdhxrMUNT0-00426-00102795-00103058 these are Buddhist legends describing
7YdhxrMUNT0-00427-00103059-00103263 the previous births of the Buddha these
7YdhxrMUNT0-00428-00103264-00103497 fables embed ancient morals and cultural
7YdhxrMUNT0-00429-00103498-00103689 lures that are also found in the fables
7YdhxrMUNT0-00430-00103690-00103979 and legends of Hindu and Jain texts the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00431-00103980-00104189 Jataka tales are exemplified through the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00432-00104190-00104405 life example and sacrifices that the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00433-00104406-00104567 Buddha made in hundreds of his past
7YdhxrMUNT0-00434-00104568-00104768 incarnations where he is depicted as
7YdhxrMUNT0-00435-00104769-00104946 having been reborn as an animal or human
7YdhxrMUNT0-00436-00104947-00105179 mural paintings survived from both the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00437-00105180-00105376 earlier and later groups of caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00438-00105377-00105629 several fragments of murals preserved
7YdhxrMUNT0-00439-00105630-00105833 from the earlier caves caves ten and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00440-00105834-00106050 eleven are effectively unique survivals
7YdhxrMUNT0-00441-00106051-00106221 of ancient painting in India from this
7YdhxrMUNT0-00442-00106222-00106476 period end showed that by satavahana
7YdhxrMUNT0-00443-00106477-00106749 times if not earlier the indian painters
7YdhxrMUNT0-00444-00106750-00106934 had mastered an easy and fluent
7YdhxrMUNT0-00445-00106935-00107165 naturalistic style dealing with large
7YdhxrMUNT0-00446-00107166-00107406 groups of people in a manner comparable
7YdhxrMUNT0-00447-00107407-00107591 to the release of the sanchita ran
7YdhxrMUNT0-00448-00107592-00107927 across bars some connections with the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00449-00107928-00108132 art of Gandhara can also be noted and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00450-00108133-00108318 there is evidence of a shared artistic
7YdhxrMUNT0-00451-00108319-00108519 idiom for of the later caves have large
7YdhxrMUNT0-00452-00108520-00108710 and relatively well-preserved mural
7YdhxrMUNT0-00453-00108711-00108945 paintings which states James Harl have
7YdhxrMUNT0-00454-00108946-00109178 come to represent Indian mural painting
7YdhxrMUNT0-00455-00109179-00109497 to the non-specialists and represent the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00456-00109498-00109743 great glories not only of Gupta but of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00457-00109744-00110046 all Indian art they fall into two
7YdhxrMUNT0-00458-00110047-00110285 stylistic groups with the most famous in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00459-00110286-00110552 caves 16 and 17 and apparently later
7YdhxrMUNT0-00460-00110553-00110844 paintings in caves 1 and 2 the latter
7YdhxrMUNT0-00461-00110845-00111008 group were thought to be a century or
7YdhxrMUNT0-00462-00111009-00111168 more later than the others but the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00463-00111169-00111386 revised chronology proposed by
7YdhxrMUNT0-00464-00111388-00111566 would place them in the 5th century as
7YdhxrMUNT0-00465-00111567-00111771 well perhaps contemporary with it in a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00466-00111772-00111986 more progressive style or one reflecting
7YdhxrMUNT0-00467-00111988-00112208 a team from a different region the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00468-00112209-00112436 Ajanta frescoes are classical paintings
7YdhxrMUNT0-00469-00112438-00112601 and the work of confident artists
7YdhxrMUNT0-00470-00112602-00112863 without cliches rich and full they are
7YdhxrMUNT0-00471-00112864-00113060 luxurious sent to us and celebrate
7YdhxrMUNT0-00472-00113061-00113288 physical beauty aspects that early
7YdhxrMUNT0-00473-00113289-00113475 Western observers felt were shockingly
7YdhxrMUNT0-00474-00113476-00113670 out of place in these caves presumed to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00475-00113671-00113828 be meant for religious worship and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00476-00113829-00114035 ascetic monastic life the paintings are
7YdhxrMUNT0-00477-00114036-00114365 in dry fresco painted on top of a dry
7YdhxrMUNT0-00478-00114366-00114558 plaster surface rather than into wet
7YdhxrMUNT0-00479-00114558-00114822 plaster all the paintings appear to be
7YdhxrMUNT0-00480-00114823-00114977 the work of painters supported by
7YdhxrMUNT0-00481-00114978-00115151 discriminating connoisseurship and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00482-00115152-00115340 sophisticated patrons from an urban
7YdhxrMUNT0-00483-00115341-00115616 atmosphere we know from literary sources
7YdhxrMUNT0-00484-00115617-00115806 that painting was widely practiced
7YdhxrMUNT0-00485-00115807-00116006 and appreciated in the Gupta period
7YdhxrMUNT0-00486-00116007-00116258 unlike much Indian mural painting
7YdhxrMUNT0-00487-00116259-00116430 compositions are not laid out in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00488-00116431-00116649 horizontal bands like a frieze but show
7YdhxrMUNT0-00489-00116650-00116805 large scenes spreading in all directions
7YdhxrMUNT0-00490-00116806-00117018 from a single figure or group at the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00491-00117019-00117282 center the ceilings are also painted
7YdhxrMUNT0-00492-00117283-00117450 with sophisticated and elaborate
7YdhxrMUNT0-00493-00117451-00117648 decorative motifs many derived from
7YdhxrMUNT0-00494-00117649-00117915 sculpture the paintings in cave one
7YdhxrMUNT0-00495-00117916-00118065 which according to was
7YdhxrMUNT0-00496-00118066-00118239 commissioned by Hera Sina himself
7YdhxrMUNT0-00497-00118240-00118455 concentrate on those Jataka tales which
7YdhxrMUNT0-00498-00118456-00118638 show previous lives of the Buddha as a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00499-00118639-00118859 king rather than as dearer elephant or
7YdhxrMUNT0-00500-00118860-00119142 another Jataka animal the scenes depict
7YdhxrMUNT0-00501-00119143-00119301 the Buddha as about to renounce the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00502-00119302-00119496 royal life in general the later caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00503-00119497-00119660 seem to have been painted on finished
7YdhxrMUNT0-00504-00119661-00119868 areas as excavating work continued
7YdhxrMUNT0-00505-00119869-00120063 elsewhere in the cave as shown in caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00506-00120064-00120378 2 and 16 in particular according to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00507-00120379-00120546 Spinks account of the chronology of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00508-00120547-00120860 caves the abandonment of work in 478
7YdhxrMUNT0-00509-00120861-00121085 after a brief busy period accounts for
7YdhxrMUNT0-00510-00121086-00121259 the absence of painting in places
7YdhxrMUNT0-00511-00121260-00121470 including cave 4 in the shrine of cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-00512-00121471-00121685 17 the later being plastered in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00513-00121686-00121839 preparation for paintings that were
7YdhxrMUNT0-00514-00121840-00122400 never done
7YdhxrMUNT0-00515-00122401-00122932 topic sphynx chronology and cave history
7YdhxrMUNT0-00516-00122933-00123108 you
7YdhxrMUNT0-00517-00123108-00123314 Walter em spanked has over recent
7YdhxrMUNT0-00518-00123315-00123548 decades developed a very precise and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00519-00123549-00123771 circumstantial chronology for the second
7YdhxrMUNT0-00520-00123772-00123962 period of work on the site which unlike
7YdhxrMUNT0-00521-00123963-00124194 earlier scholars he places entirely in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00522-00124195-00124427 the fifth century this is based on
7YdhxrMUNT0-00523-00124428-00124616 evidence such as the inscriptions and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00524-00124617-00124845 artistic style dating of nearby cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-00525-00124846-00125070 temple sites comparative chronology of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00526-00125071-00125252 the dynasties combined with the many
7YdhxrMUNT0-00527-00125253-00125448 uncompleted elements of the caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00528-00125449-00125694 he believes the earlier group of caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00529-00125695-00125915 which like other scholars he dates only
7YdhxrMUNT0-00530-00125916-00126209 approximately to the period between 100
7YdhxrMUNT0-00531-00126210-00126570 BCE to 100 CE II were at some later
7YdhxrMUNT0-00532-00126571-00126779 point completely abandoned and remained
7YdhxrMUNT0-00533-00126780-00127139 so for over three centuries this changed
7YdhxrMUNT0-00534-00127140-00127323 during the Hindu Emperor hora Sheena of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00535-00127324-00127547 the vakataka Dynasty who reigned from
7YdhxrMUNT0-00536-00127548-00127932 460 to his death in 477 who sponsored
7YdhxrMUNT0-00537-00127933-00128132 numerous new caves during his reign
7YdhxrMUNT0-00538-00128133-00128384 Harrison his rule extended the central
7YdhxrMUNT0-00539-00128385-00128607 Indian vakataka Empire to include a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00540-00128608-00128801 stretch of the east coast of India the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00541-00128802-00129023 Gupta Empire ruled northern India at the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00542-00129024-00129207 same period and the pall of a dynasty
7YdhxrMUNT0-00543-00129208-00129347 much of the south
7YdhxrMUNT0-00544-00129348-00129563 according to spanked Hara Sina
7YdhxrMUNT0-00545-00129564-00129701 encouraged a group of associates
7YdhxrMUNT0-00546-00129702-00129962 including his prime minister raha diva
7YdhxrMUNT0-00547-00129963-00130178 and Upendra Gupta the sub King in whose
7YdhxrMUNT0-00548-00130179-00130388 territory Ajanta West to dig out new
7YdhxrMUNT0-00549-00130389-00130545 caves which were individually
7YdhxrMUNT0-00550-00130546-00130679 commissioned some containing
7YdhxrMUNT0-00551-00130680-00130947 inscriptions recording the donation this
7YdhxrMUNT0-00552-00130948-00131132 activity began in many caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00553-00131133-00131552 simultaneously about 462 this activity
7YdhxrMUNT0-00554-00131553-00131861 was mostly suspended in 468 because of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00555-00131862-00132023 threats from the neighbouring as Makkah
7YdhxrMUNT0-00556-00132024-00132311 kings thereafter work continued on only
7YdhxrMUNT0-00557-00132312-00132548 caves one Hara Cena's own commission and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00558-00132549-00132812 17 to 20 commissioned by Upendra Gupta
7YdhxrMUNT0-00559-00132813-00133218 in 472 the situation was such that work
7YdhxrMUNT0-00560-00133219-00133424 was suspended completely in a period
7YdhxrMUNT0-00561-00133425-00133760 that calls the hiatus which lasted
7YdhxrMUNT0-00562-00133761-00134106 until about 475 by which time the Asthma
7YdhxrMUNT0-00563-00134107-00134204 cos had replaced
7YdhxrMUNT0-00564-00134205-00134418 Upendra gupta as the local rulers work
7YdhxrMUNT0-00565-00134419-00134631 was then resumed but again disrupted by
7YdhxrMUNT0-00566-00134632-00134960 Harrison his death in 477 soon after
7YdhxrMUNT0-00567-00134961-00135188 which major excavation ceased except at
7YdhxrMUNT0-00568-00135189-00135408 cave 26 which the as maccas were
7YdhxrMUNT0-00569-00135409-00135669 sponsoring themselves the asmik has
7YdhxrMUNT0-00570-00135670-00135854 launched a revolt against Harrison his
7YdhxrMUNT0-00571-00135855-00136016 son which brought about the end of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00572-00136017-00136447 vakataka dynasty in the years 478 to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00573-00136448-00136747 480 C E major excavation by important
7YdhxrMUNT0-00574-00136748-00136936 patrons was replaced by a ration
7YdhxrMUNT0-00575-00136937-00137224 intrusions statues added to existing
7YdhxrMUNT0-00576-00137225-00137466 caves and small shrines dotted about
7YdhxrMUNT0-00577-00137467-00137701 where there was space between them these
7YdhxrMUNT0-00578-00137702-00137869 were commissioned by less powerful
7YdhxrMUNT0-00579-00137870-00138066 individuals some monks who had not
7YdhxrMUNT0-00580-00138067-00138259 previously been able to make additions
7YdhxrMUNT0-00581-00138260-00138453 to the large excavations of the rulers
7YdhxrMUNT0-00582-00138454-00138682 and courtiers they were added to the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00583-00138683-00138868 facades the returned sides of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00584-00138869-00139113 entrances and to walls inside the caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00585-00139114-00139479 according to spank after 480 not a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00586-00139480-00139704 single image was ever made again at the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00587-00139705-00140071 site however there exists a rashtrakuta
7YdhxrMUNT0-00588-00140072-00140328 inscription outside of cave 26 dateable
7YdhxrMUNT0-00589-00140329-00140514 to end of 7th or early 8th century
7YdhxrMUNT0-00590-00140515-00140743 suggesting the caves were not abandoned
7YdhxrMUNT0-00591-00140744-00141124 until then does not use circa in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00592-00141125-00141403 his dates but says that one should allow
7YdhxrMUNT0-00593-00141404-00141625 a margin of error of one year or perhaps
7YdhxrMUNT0-00594-00141626-00142347 even two in all cases
7YdhxrMUNT0-00595-00142348-00142945 topic Hindu and Buddhist builders
7YdhxrMUNT0-00596-00142946-00143203 the Ajanta caves were built in a period
7YdhxrMUNT0-00597-00143204-00143383 when both the Buddha and the Hindu gods
7YdhxrMUNT0-00598-00143384-00143602 were simultaneously revered in Indian
7YdhxrMUNT0-00599-00143603-00143860 culture according to and other
7YdhxrMUNT0-00600-00143861-00144106 scholars not only the Ajanta caves but
7YdhxrMUNT0-00601-00144107-00144319 other nearby cave temples were sponsored
7YdhxrMUNT0-00602-00144320-00144607 and built by hindus this is evidenced by
7YdhxrMUNT0-00603-00144608-00144811 inscriptions wherein the role as well as
7YdhxrMUNT0-00604-00144812-00144973 the Hindu heritage of the donor is
7YdhxrMUNT0-00605-00144974-00145240 proudly proclaimed according to spank
7YdhxrMUNT0-00606-00145241-00145525 that one could worship both the Buddha
7YdhxrMUNT0-00607-00145526-00145720 and the Hindu gods may well account for
7YdhxrMUNT0-00608-00145721-00145960 varaha Devas participation here just as
7YdhxrMUNT0-00609-00145961-00146161 it can explain why the Emperor Hera Sina
7YdhxrMUNT0-00610-00146162-00146350 himself could sponsor the remarkable
7YdhxrMUNT0-00611-00146351-00146548 cave one even though most scholars agree
7YdhxrMUNT0-00612-00146549-00146743 that he was certainly a Hindu like
7YdhxrMUNT0-00613-00146744-00147079 earlier vakataka kings the role of Hindu
7YdhxrMUNT0-00614-00147080-00147285 artisans as confirmed by archaeological
7YdhxrMUNT0-00615-00147286-00147493 excavations across the river from the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00616-00147494-00147745 Ajanta caves the caves must have
7YdhxrMUNT0-00617-00147746-00147952 employed a large workforce of artisans
7YdhxrMUNT0-00618-00147953-00148159 who likely lived for extended period of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00619-00148160-00148360 time nearby across from the river near
7YdhxrMUNT0-00620-00148361-00148597 the site excavations have uncovered
7YdhxrMUNT0-00621-00148598-00148831 extensive brick structures for workers
7YdhxrMUNT0-00622-00148832-00149032 and visiting elite sponsors along with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00623-00149033-00149251 shiva and shakhty hindu deities such as
7YdhxrMUNT0-00624-00149252-00149425 a red sandstone image of durga
7YdhxrMUNT0-00625-00149426-00149568 mahishasura martini
7YdhxrMUNT0-00626-00149569-00149809 according to Yuko yoga she and Walter
7YdhxrMUNT0-00627-00149810-00150043 spanked these excavated artifacts of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00628-00150044-00150229 fifth century near the site suggests
7YdhxrMUNT0-00629-00150230-00150421 that the Ajanta caves deployed a huge
7YdhxrMUNT0-00630-00150422-00151019 number of builders
7YdhxrMUNT0-00631-00151020-00151559 topic cave by cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-00632-00151560-00151899 you
7YdhxrMUNT0-00633-00151900-00152394 topic cave one
7YdhxrMUNT0-00634-00152395-00152646 cave 1 was built on the eastern end of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00635-00152647-00152828 the horseshoe-shaped scarp and is now
7YdhxrMUNT0-00636-00152829-00153009 the first cave the visitor encounters
7YdhxrMUNT0-00637-00153010-00153263 this cave when first made would have
7YdhxrMUNT0-00638-00153264-00153462 been a less prominent position right at
7YdhxrMUNT0-00639-00153463-00153735 the end of the row according to spank it
7YdhxrMUNT0-00640-00153736-00153900 is one of the last case to have been
7YdhxrMUNT0-00641-00153901-00154091 excavated when the best sites had been
7YdhxrMUNT0-00642-00154092-00154293 taken and was never fully inaugurated
7YdhxrMUNT0-00643-00154294-00154463 for worship by the dedication of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00644-00154464-00154725 Buddha image in the central shrine this
7YdhxrMUNT0-00645-00154726-00154884 is shown by the absence of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00646-00154885-00155078 deposits from butter lamps on the base
7YdhxrMUNT0-00647-00155079-00155247 of the shrine image and the lack of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00648-00155248-00155406 damage to the paintings that would have
7YdhxrMUNT0-00649-00155407-00155574 happened if the garland hooks around the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00650-00155575-00155781 shrine had been in use for any period of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00651-00155782-00156045 time states that the vakataka
7YdhxrMUNT0-00652-00156046-00156261 Emperor Hara Sheena was the benefactor
7YdhxrMUNT0-00653-00156262-00156444 of the work and this is reflected in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00654-00156445-00156648 emphasis on imagery of royalty in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00655-00156649-00156843 cave with those Jataka tales being
7YdhxrMUNT0-00656-00156844-00156993 selected that tell of those previous
7YdhxrMUNT0-00657-00156994-00157173 lives of the Buddha in which he was
7YdhxrMUNT0-00658-00157174-00157379 royal the cliff has a more steep slope
7YdhxrMUNT0-00659-00157380-00157584 here than at other caves so to achieve
7YdhxrMUNT0-00660-00157585-00157809 at all grand facade it was necessary to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00661-00157810-00157988 cut far back into the slope giving a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00662-00157989-00158171 large courtyard in front of the facade
7YdhxrMUNT0-00663-00158172-00158424 there was originally a columned portico
7YdhxrMUNT0-00664-00158425-00158654 in front of the present facade which can
7YdhxrMUNT0-00665-00158655-00159002 be seen half intact in the 1880s in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00666-00159003-00159203 pictures of the site but this fell down
7YdhxrMUNT0-00667-00159204-00159387 completely in the remains despite
7YdhxrMUNT0-00668-00159388-00159597 containing fine carvings were carelessly
7YdhxrMUNT0-00669-00159598-00159759 thrown down the slope into the river
7YdhxrMUNT0-00670-00159760-00160052 from where they have been lost this cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-00671-00160053-00160325 35 point seven meters by twenty seven
7YdhxrMUNT0-00672-00160326-00160524 point six meters has one of the most
7YdhxrMUNT0-00673-00160525-00160731 elaborate carved facades with relief
7YdhxrMUNT0-00674-00160732-00160944 sculptures on entablature and ridges and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00675-00160945-00161090 most surfaces embellished with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00676-00161091-00161319 decorative carving there are scenes
7YdhxrMUNT0-00677-00161320-00161484 carved from the life of the buddha as
7YdhxrMUNT0-00678-00161485-00161700 well as a number of decorative motifs a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00679-00161701-00162014 two pillared portico visible in the 19th
7YdhxrMUNT0-00680-00162015-00162227 century photographs has since perished
7YdhxrMUNT0-00681-00162228-00162488 the cave has a frontcourt with cells
7YdhxrMUNT0-00682-00162489-00162687 fronted by pillared vestibules on either
7YdhxrMUNT0-00683-00162688-00162747 side
7YdhxrMUNT0-00684-00162748-00163025 these have a high plinth level the cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-00685-00163026-00163224 has a porch with simple cells on both
7YdhxrMUNT0-00686-00163225-00163419 ends the absence of pillared vestibules
7YdhxrMUNT0-00687-00163420-00163679 on the end suggests that the porch was
7YdhxrMUNT0-00688-00163680-00163872 not excavated in the latest phase of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00689-00163873-00164066 ajanta when pillared vestibules had
7YdhxrMUNT0-00690-00164067-00164373 become customary most areas of the porch
7YdhxrMUNT0-00691-00164374-00164562 were once covered with murals of which
7YdhxrMUNT0-00692-00164563-00164784 many fragments remain especially on the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00693-00164785-00165014 ceiling there are three doorways a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00694-00165015-00165333 central doorway and to side doorways two
7YdhxrMUNT0-00695-00165334-00165519 square windows were carved between the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00696-00165520-00165737 doorways to brighten the interiors each
7YdhxrMUNT0-00697-00165738-00165950 all of the hall inside as nearly 40 feet
7YdhxrMUNT0-00698-00165951-00166286 12 meters long and 20 feet 6.1 meters
7YdhxrMUNT0-00699-00166287-00166607 high 12 pillars make a square colonnade
7YdhxrMUNT0-00700-00166608-00166763 inside supporting the ceiling and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00701-00166764-00166984 creating spacious aisles along the walls
7YdhxrMUNT0-00702-00166985-00167222 there is a shrine carved on the rear
7YdhxrMUNT0-00703-00167223-00167429 wall to house an impressive seeded image
7YdhxrMUNT0-00704-00167430-00167603 of the Buddha his hands being in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00705-00167604-00167746 Dharma chakra proved art and a mudra
7YdhxrMUNT0-00706-00167747-00168020 there are four cells on each of the left
7YdhxrMUNT0-00707-00168021-00168212 rear and the right walls though due to
7YdhxrMUNT0-00708-00168213-00168404 rock fault there are none at the ends of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00709-00168405-00168596 the rear aisle the paintings of cave one
7YdhxrMUNT0-00710-00168597-00168851 covered the walls and the ceilings they
7YdhxrMUNT0-00711-00168852-00168983 are in a fair state of preservation
7YdhxrMUNT0-00712-00168984-00169181 although the full scheme was never
7YdhxrMUNT0-00713-00169182-00169466 completed the scenes depicted are mostly
7YdhxrMUNT0-00714-00169467-00169709 didactic devotional and ornamental with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00715-00169710-00169898 scenes from the Jataka stories of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00716-00169899-00170081 Buddha's former lives as a bodhisattva
7YdhxrMUNT0-00717-00170082-00170300 the life of the gautuma buddha and those
7YdhxrMUNT0-00718-00170301-00170552 of his veneration the two most famous
7YdhxrMUNT0-00719-00170553-00170798 individual painted images at Ajanta are
7YdhxrMUNT0-00720-00170799-00170984 the two over life-size figures of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00721-00170985-00171197 protective Bodhisattvas Padma Pandey and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00722-00171198-00171419 vajrapani on either side of the entrance
7YdhxrMUNT0-00723-00171420-00171575 to the Buddhist shrine on the wall of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00724-00171576-00171773 the rear aisle see illustrations above
7YdhxrMUNT0-00725-00171774-00172076 other significant frescoes in cave one
7YdhxrMUNT0-00726-00172077-00172265 include the Seabee Sanka pala
7YdhxrMUNT0-00727-00172266-00172523 Mahajan akka Maha Maha and champion
7YdhxrMUNT0-00728-00172524-00172823 Jataka tales the cave paintings also
7YdhxrMUNT0-00729-00172824-00173039 showed the temptation of Mara miracle of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00730-00173040-00173282 sravasti where the buddha simultaneously
7YdhxrMUNT0-00731-00173283-00173507 manifests in many forms the story of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00732-00173508-00173687 nanda and the story of Siddhartha and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00733-00173688-00174228 yasodara
7YdhxrMUNT0-00734-00174229-00174736 topic cave2
7YdhxrMUNT0-00735-00174737-00175051 cave2 adjacent to cave one is known for
7YdhxrMUNT0-00736-00175052-00175189 the paintings that have been preserved
7YdhxrMUNT0-00737-00175190-00175486 on its walls ceilings and pillars it
7YdhxrMUNT0-00738-00175487-00175681 looks similar to cave one and as in a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00739-00175682-00175939 better state of preservation this cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-00740-00175940-00176131 is best known for its feminine focus
7YdhxrMUNT0-00741-00176132-00176308 intricate rock carvings and paint
7YdhxrMUNT0-00742-00176309-00176503 artwork yet it is incomplete and lacks
7YdhxrMUNT0-00743-00176504-00176755 consistency one of the 5th century
7YdhxrMUNT0-00744-00176756-00176968 frescoes in this cave also shows
7YdhxrMUNT0-00745-00176969-00177160 children at a school with those in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00746-00177161-00177328 front rows paying attention to the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00747-00177329-00177514 teacher while those in the back row are
7YdhxrMUNT0-00748-00177515-00177787 shown distracted and acting cave 235
7YdhxrMUNT0-00749-00177788-00178027 point seven meters by twenty one point
7YdhxrMUNT0-00750-00178028-00178264 six meters was started in the fore 60s
7YdhxrMUNT0-00751-00178265-00178702 but mostly carved between 475 and 477 C
7YdhxrMUNT0-00752-00178703-00178939 II probably sponsored and influenced by
7YdhxrMUNT0-00753-00178940-00179152 a woman closely related to Emperor Hera
7YdhxrMUNT0-00754-00179153-00179422 Sina it has a porch quite different from
7YdhxrMUNT0-00755-00179423-00179680 cave one even the facade carvings seem
7YdhxrMUNT0-00756-00179681-00179908 to be different the cave is supported by
7YdhxrMUNT0-00757-00179909-00180124 robust pillars ornamented with designs
7YdhxrMUNT0-00758-00180125-00180358 the front porch consists of cells
7YdhxrMUNT0-00759-00180359-00180574 supported by pillared vestibules on both
7YdhxrMUNT0-00760-00180575-00180892 ends the hall has four colonnades which
7YdhxrMUNT0-00761-00180893-00181021 are supporting the ceiling and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00762-00181022-00181180 surrounding a square in the center of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00763-00181181-00181453 the hall each arm or colonnade of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00764-00181454-00181642 square is parallel to the respective
7YdhxrMUNT0-00765-00181643-00181819 walls of the hall making an aisle in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00766-00181820-00182080 between the colonnades have rock beams
7YdhxrMUNT0-00767-00182081-00182299 above and below them the Capitals are
7YdhxrMUNT0-00768-00182300-00182458 carved and painted with various
7YdhxrMUNT0-00769-00182459-00182608 decorative themes that include
7YdhxrMUNT0-00770-00182609-00182860 ornamental human-animal vegetative and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00771-00182861-00183169 semi-divine motifs major carvings
7YdhxrMUNT0-00772-00183170-00183400 include that of goddess hurriediy she is
7YdhxrMUNT0-00773-00183401-00183595 a buddhist deity who originally was the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00774-00183596-00183820 demoness of smallpox and a child eater
7YdhxrMUNT0-00775-00183821-00184039 who the buddha converted into a guardian
7YdhxrMUNT0-00776-00184040-00184285 goddess of fertility easy childbirth and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00777-00184286-00184483 one who protects babies the paintings on
7YdhxrMUNT0-00778-00184484-00184678 the ceilings and walls of cave - have
7YdhxrMUNT0-00779-00184679-00184924 been widely published they depict the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00780-00184925-00185197 hamsa vidhur panditah rourou k Chandi
7YdhxrMUNT0-00781-00185198-00185389 Jataka tales in the Poorna a vadhana
7YdhxrMUNT0-00782-00185390-00185650 other frescoes show the miracle of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00783-00185651-00185917 sravasti ash Tobiah Avalokitesvara and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00784-00185918-00186169 the dream of Maya just as the stories
7YdhxrMUNT0-00785-00186170-00186352 illustrated in cave one emphasize
7YdhxrMUNT0-00786-00186353-00186577 kingship those in cave to show many
7YdhxrMUNT0-00787-00186578-00186796 noble and powerful women in prominent
7YdhxrMUNT0-00788-00186797-00186988 roles leading to suggestions that the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00789-00186989-00187258 patron was an unknown woman the porches
7YdhxrMUNT0-00790-00187259-00187459 rear wall has a doorway in the center
7YdhxrMUNT0-00791-00187460-00187696 which allows entrance to the hall on
7YdhxrMUNT0-00792-00187697-00187837 either side of the door as a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00793-00187838-00188014 square-shaped window to brighten the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00794-00188015-00188224 interior
7YdhxrMUNT0-00795-00188225-00188547 you
7YdhxrMUNT0-00796-00188548-00189049 topic cave three
7YdhxrMUNT0-00797-00189050-00189271 Cave three is merely a start of an
7YdhxrMUNT0-00798-00189272-00189352 excavation
7YdhxrMUNT0-00799-00189353-00189538 according to spanked it was begun right
7YdhxrMUNT0-00800-00189539-00189727 at the end of the final period of work
7YdhxrMUNT0-00801-00189728-00189913 and soon abandoned this is an incomplete
7YdhxrMUNT0-00802-00189914-00190103 monastery and only the preliminary
7YdhxrMUNT0-00803-00190104-00190357 excavations of pillared verandah exists
7YdhxrMUNT0-00804-00190358-00190585 the cave was one of the very last
7YdhxrMUNT0-00805-00190586-00190873 projects to start at the site it's date
7YdhxrMUNT0-00806-00190874-00191206 could be ascribed to circa 477 C II just
7YdhxrMUNT0-00807-00191207-00191383 before the sudden death of Emperor Hera
7YdhxrMUNT0-00808-00191384-00191647 Sina the work stopped after the scooping
7YdhxrMUNT0-00809-00191648-00192277 out of a rough entrance of the hall
7YdhxrMUNT0-00810-00192278-00192801 topic cave for
7YdhxrMUNT0-00811-00192802-00193099 k4a vihara was sponsored by mathura
7YdhxrMUNT0-00812-00193100-00193342 likely not a noble or courtly official
7YdhxrMUNT0-00813-00193343-00193612 rather a wealthy devotee this is the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00814-00193613-00193804 largest vihara in the inaugural group
7YdhxrMUNT0-00815-00193805-00194017 which suggests he had immense wealth and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00816-00194018-00194196 influence without being a state official
7YdhxrMUNT0-00817-00194197-00194473 it is placed at a significantly higher
7YdhxrMUNT0-00818-00194474-00194674 level possibly because the artists
7YdhxrMUNT0-00819-00194675-00194848 realized that the rock quality at the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00820-00194849-00195055 lower and same level of other caves was
7YdhxrMUNT0-00821-00195056-00195229 poor and they had a better chance of a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00822-00195230-00195415 major vihara at an upper location
7YdhxrMUNT0-00823-00195416-00195700 another likely possibility is that the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00824-00195701-00195868 planners wanted to carve into the rock
7YdhxrMUNT0-00825-00195869-00196075 another large cistern to the left court
7YdhxrMUNT0-00826-00196076-00196258 side for more residents mirroring the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00827-00196259-00196444 right a planned implied by the height of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00828-00196445-00196639 the forward cells on the left side the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00829-00196640-00196864 Archaeological Survey of India dates it
7YdhxrMUNT0-00830-00196865-00197149 to the 6th century CE II spanked in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00831-00197150-00197401 contrast dates this caves inauguration a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00832-00197402-00197719 century earlier to about 463 C II based
7YdhxrMUNT0-00833-00197720-00197872 on construction style and other
7YdhxrMUNT0-00834-00197873-00198190 inscriptions cave 4 shows evidence of a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00835-00198191-00198376 dramatic collapse of its ceiling in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00836-00198377-00198571 central hall likely in the 6th century
7YdhxrMUNT0-00837-00198572-00198787 something caused by the vastness of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00838-00198788-00199005 cave and geological flaws in the rock
7YdhxrMUNT0-00839-00199006-00199270 later the artists attempted to overcome
7YdhxrMUNT0-00840-00199271-00199483 this geological flaw by raising the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00841-00199484-00199621 height of the ceiling through deeper
7YdhxrMUNT0-00842-00199622-00199854 excavation of the embedded basalt lava
7YdhxrMUNT0-00843-00199855-00200146 the cave has a squarish plan houses a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00844-00200147-00200308 colossal image of the buddha in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00845-00200309-00200524 preaching pose flanked by Bodhisattvas
7YdhxrMUNT0-00846-00200525-00200773 and celestial nymphs hovering above it
7YdhxrMUNT0-00847-00200774-00200989 consists of a veranda a high post
7YdhxrMUNT0-00848-00200990-00201202 tylerhall sanctum with an antechamber in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00849-00201203-00201463 a series of unfinished cells this
7YdhxrMUNT0-00850-00201464-00201652 monastery is the largest among the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00851-00201653-00201949 Ajanta caves and it measures nearly 970
7YdhxrMUNT0-00852-00201950-00202056 square metres
7YdhxrMUNT0-00853-00202057-00202432 10400 square feet 35 meters by 28 meters
7YdhxrMUNT0-00854-00202433-00202714 the doorframe is exquisitely sculpted
7YdhxrMUNT0-00855-00202715-00202864 flanking to the right as carved
7YdhxrMUNT0-00856-00202865-00203059 bodhisattva as reliever of eight great
7YdhxrMUNT0-00857-00203060-00203332 perils the rear wall of the verandah
7YdhxrMUNT0-00858-00203333-00203485 contains the panel of litany of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00859-00203486-00203788 Avalokitesvara the cave ceiling collapse
7YdhxrMUNT0-00860-00203789-00204019 likely affected its overall plan caused
7YdhxrMUNT0-00861-00204020-00204274 it being left incomplete only the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00862-00204275-00204478 Buddhist statue and the major sculptures
7YdhxrMUNT0-00863-00204479-00204646 were completed and except for what the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00864-00204647-00204832 sponsor considered most important
7YdhxrMUNT0-00865-00204833-00205021 elements all other elements inside the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00866-00205021-00205285 cave were never painted
7YdhxrMUNT0-00867-00205286-00205607 you
7YdhxrMUNT0-00868-00205608-00206110 topic cave five
7YdhxrMUNT0-00869-00206111-00206389 cave five an unfinished excavation was
7YdhxrMUNT0-00870-00206390-00206710 planned as a monastery 10.32 by sixteen
7YdhxrMUNT0-00871-00206711-00207004 point eight meters cave five is devoid
7YdhxrMUNT0-00872-00207005-00207214 of sculpture and architectural elements
7YdhxrMUNT0-00873-00207215-00207439 except the door frame the ornate
7YdhxrMUNT0-00874-00207440-00207655 carvings on the frame has female figures
7YdhxrMUNT0-00875-00207656-00207862 with mythical Makara creatures found in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00876-00207863-00208159 ancient and medieval era Indian arts the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00877-00208160-00208384 caves construction was likely initiated
7YdhxrMUNT0-00878-00208385-00208671 about 465 C II but abandoned because the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00879-00208673-00208930 Rock has geological flaws the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00880-00208931-00209196 construction was resumed in 475 C II
7YdhxrMUNT0-00881-00209198-00209431 after asmik has restarted work at the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00882-00209432-00209644 Ajanta caves but abandoned again as the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00883-00209644-00209830 artists and sponsor redesigned and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00884-00209831-00210042 focused on an expanded cave six that
7YdhxrMUNT0-00885-00210044-00210616 abuts cave five
7YdhxrMUNT0-00886-00210617-00211119 topic cave six
7YdhxrMUNT0-00887-00211119-00211506 cave sixes two-story monastery 16.8 five
7YdhxrMUNT0-00888-00211507-00211832 by eighteen point zero seven meters it
7YdhxrMUNT0-00889-00211833-00212048 consists of a sanctum a hall on both
7YdhxrMUNT0-00890-00212050-00212289 levels the lower level is pillared and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00891-00212290-00212546 has attached cells the upper hall also
7YdhxrMUNT0-00892-00212548-00212802 has subsidiary cells the sanctums on
7YdhxrMUNT0-00893-00212803-00212973 both the level feature a buddha in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00894-00212973-00213255 teaching posture elsewhere the buddha is
7YdhxrMUNT0-00895-00213256-00213462 shown in different mute res the lower
7YdhxrMUNT0-00896-00213463-00213639 level walls depict the miracle of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00897-00213640-00213831 sravasti and the temptation of mara
7YdhxrMUNT0-00898-00213832-00214142 legends only the lower floor of cave six
7YdhxrMUNT0-00899-00214144-00214385 was finished the unfinished upper floor
7YdhxrMUNT0-00900-00214386-00214605 of cave six has many private votive
7YdhxrMUNT0-00901-00214606-00214817 sculptures and a shrine buddha the lower
7YdhxrMUNT0-00902-00214819-00215025 level of the cave six likely was the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00903-00215026-00215231 earliest excavation in the second stage
7YdhxrMUNT0-00904-00215232-00215487 of construction this stage marked the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00905-00215488-00215715 Mahayana theme and vakataka Renaissance
7YdhxrMUNT0-00906-00215716-00215921 period of ajanta reconstruction that
7YdhxrMUNT0-00907-00215923-00216123 started about four centuries after the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00908-00216123-00216390 earlier Hinayana themed construction the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00909-00216391-00216567 upper story was not envisioned in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00910-00216567-00216710 beginning it was added as an
7YdhxrMUNT0-00911-00216711-00216906 afterthought likely around the time when
7YdhxrMUNT0-00912-00216907-00217085 the architects and artists abandoned
7YdhxrMUNT0-00913-00217086-00217275 further work on the geologically flawed
7YdhxrMUNT0-00914-00217276-00217491 rock of cave five immediately next to it
7YdhxrMUNT0-00915-00217492-00217790 both lower and upper cave six show crude
7YdhxrMUNT0-00916-00217791-00217998 experimentation and construction errors
7YdhxrMUNT0-00917-00217998-00218244 the cave work was most likely in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00918-00218244-00218633 progress between 460 and 470 C E and it
7YdhxrMUNT0-00919-00218634-00218792 is the first that shows attendant
7YdhxrMUNT0-00920-00218794-00219038 Bodhisattvas the upper cave construction
7YdhxrMUNT0-00921-00219039-00219438 probably began in 465 progressed swiftly
7YdhxrMUNT0-00922-00219439-00219612 and much deeper into the rock than the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00923-00219613-00219792 lower level the walls and sanctums
7YdhxrMUNT0-00924-00219792-00219954 doorframe of the both levels are
7YdhxrMUNT0-00925-00219955-00220194 intricately carved these show themes
7YdhxrMUNT0-00926-00220194-00220392 such as makaras and other mythical
7YdhxrMUNT0-00927-00220392-00220631 creatures Apsaras elephants in different
7YdhxrMUNT0-00928-00220632-00220878 stages of activity females in waving or
7YdhxrMUNT0-00929-00220879-00221142 welcoming gesture the upper level of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00930-00221142-00221357 cave six is significant in that it shows
7YdhxrMUNT0-00931-00221358-00221550 a devotee in a kneeling posture at the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00932-00221551-00221708 buddha's feet an indication of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00933-00221709-00221889 devotional worship practices by the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00934-00221890-00222167 fifth century the colossal buddha of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00935-00222169-00222371 shrine has an elaborate throne back but
7YdhxrMUNT0-00936-00222373-00222806 was hastily finished in 477 478 c ii
7YdhxrMUNT0-00937-00222807-00223104 when King Haris ena died the shrine
7YdhxrMUNT0-00938-00223105-00223287 antechamber of the cave features an
7YdhxrMUNT0-00939-00223288-00223488 unfinished sculptural group of the six
7YdhxrMUNT0-00940-00223489-00223689 buddhas of the past of which only five
7YdhxrMUNT0-00941-00223690-00223973 statues were carved this idea may have
7YdhxrMUNT0-00942-00223975-00224159 been influenced from those in bog caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-00943-00224160-00224421 of Madhya Pradesh
7YdhxrMUNT0-00944-00224423-00224744 you
7YdhxrMUNT0-00945-00224746-00225237 topic cave seven
7YdhxrMUNT0-00946-00225238-00225476 the cave seven is also a monastery
7YdhxrMUNT0-00947-00225477-00225707 fifteen point five five by thirty one
7YdhxrMUNT0-00948-00225708-00225935 point two five meters but a single story
7YdhxrMUNT0-00949-00225936-00226223 it consists of a sanctum a hall with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00950-00226224-00226427 octagonal pillars and eight small rooms
7YdhxrMUNT0-00951-00226428-00226719 for monks the sanctum Buddha is shown in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00952-00226719-00226934 preaching posture there are many art
7YdhxrMUNT0-00953-00226935-00227099 panels narrating Buddhist themes
7YdhxrMUNT0-00954-00227100-00227300 including those of the Buddha with Naga
7YdhxrMUNT0-00955-00227301-00227531 Mucha Linda and miracle of sravasti cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-00956-00227532-00227721 seven has a grand facade with two
7YdhxrMUNT0-00957-00227721-00228002 porticoes the veranda has eight pillars
7YdhxrMUNT0-00958-00228003-00228267 of two types one has an octagonal base
7YdhxrMUNT0-00959-00228267-00228516 with a melaka and lotus capital the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00960-00228517-00228696 other lacks a distinctly shaped base
7YdhxrMUNT0-00961-00228696-00228926 features an octagonal shaft instead with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00962-00228927-00229202 a plain Capitol the veranda opens into
7YdhxrMUNT0-00963-00229203-00229451 an antechamber on the left side in this
7YdhxrMUNT0-00964-00229452-00229601 antechamber are seated or standing
7YdhxrMUNT0-00965-00229602-00229880 sculptures such as those of 25 carved
7YdhxrMUNT0-00966-00229881-00230102 seated buddhas in various postures and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00967-00230103-00230271 facial expressions while on the right
7YdhxrMUNT0-00968-00230271-00230514 side are 58 seated buddha reliefs in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00969-00230515-00230726 different postures all placed on lotus
7YdhxrMUNT0-00970-00230727-00230960 these Buddha's and others on the inner
7YdhxrMUNT0-00971-00230961-00231110 walls of the antechamber are a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00972-00231111-00231299 sculptural depiction of the miracle of
7YdhxrMUNT0-00973-00231300-00231608 sravasti in Buddhist theology the bottom
7YdhxrMUNT0-00974-00231609-00231840 row showed two Nagas serpents with hoods
7YdhxrMUNT0-00975-00231841-00232094 holding the blooming Lotus stock the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00976-00232096-00232277 antechamber leads to the sanctum through
7YdhxrMUNT0-00977-00232278-00232523 a doorframe on this frame are carved two
7YdhxrMUNT0-00978-00232524-00232769 females standing on makaras mythical sea
7YdhxrMUNT0-00979-00232771-00233030 creatures inside the sanctum as the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00980-00233031-00233210 Buddha's sitting on a lion throne in
7YdhxrMUNT0-00981-00233211-00233423 cross-legged posture surrounded by other
7YdhxrMUNT0-00982-00233424-00233645 bodhisattva figures two attendants with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00983-00233646-00233831 shor ease and flying as far as above
7YdhxrMUNT0-00984-00233832-00234015 perhaps because of faults in the rock
7YdhxrMUNT0-00985-00234016-00234227 cave seven was never taken very deep
7YdhxrMUNT0-00986-00234228-00234500 into the cliff it consists only of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-00987-00234501-00234692 two porticoes in a shrine room with
7YdhxrMUNT0-00988-00234694-00234971 antechamber with no central hall some
7YdhxrMUNT0-00989-00234972-00235212 cells were fitted in the cave artwork
7YdhxrMUNT0-00990-00235213-00235379 likely underwent revisions and
7YdhxrMUNT0-00991-00235380-00235601 refurbishments over time the first
7YdhxrMUNT0-00992-00235602-00235877 version was complete by about 469 C II
7YdhxrMUNT0-00993-00235878-00236105 the myriad boot is added and painted a
7YdhxrMUNT0-00994-00236106-00236998 few years later between 476 and 478 C E
7YdhxrMUNT0-00995-00237000-00237489 topic cave 8
7YdhxrMUNT0-00996-00237490-00237762 Cave 8 as another unfinished monastery
7YdhxrMUNT0-00997-00237763-00238257 15.2 4 by 24.6 4 meters for many decades
7YdhxrMUNT0-00998-00238258-00238512 in the 20th century this cave was used
7YdhxrMUNT0-00999-00238513-00238788 as a storage and generator room it is at
7YdhxrMUNT0-01000-00238789-00238934 the river level with easy access
7YdhxrMUNT0-01001-00238935-00239169 relatively lower than other caves and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01002-00239169-00239355 according to Archaeological Survey of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01003-00239356-00239556 India it is possibly one of earliest
7YdhxrMUNT0-01004-00239557-00239862 monasteries much of its front is damaged
7YdhxrMUNT0-01005-00239863-00240081 likely from a landslide the cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01006-00240082-00240288 excavation proved difficult and probably
7YdhxrMUNT0-01007-00240289-00240513 abandoned after a geological fault
7YdhxrMUNT0-01008-00240514-00240702 consisting of a mineral layer proved
7YdhxrMUNT0-01009-00240703-00240933 disruptive to stable carvings in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01010-00240934-00241161 contrast states that cave 8 is perhaps
7YdhxrMUNT0-01011-00241162-00241367 the earliest cave from the second period
7YdhxrMUNT0-01012-00241369-00241689 its shrine an afterthought it may well
7YdhxrMUNT0-01013-00241690-00241878 be the oldest Mahayana monastery
7YdhxrMUNT0-01014-00241879-00242100 excavated in India according to spank
7YdhxrMUNT0-01015-00242101-00242342 the statue may have been loose rather
7YdhxrMUNT0-01016-00242344-00242529 than carved from the living rock as it
7YdhxrMUNT0-01017-00242530-00242787 has now vanished the cave was painted
7YdhxrMUNT0-01018-00242788-00243367 but only traces remain
7YdhxrMUNT0-01019-00243367-00243864 topic cave 9
7YdhxrMUNT0-01020-00243865-00244130 caves 9 and 10 are the two chaitya or
7YdhxrMUNT0-01021-00244131-00244310 worship halls from the 2nd to 1st
7YdhxrMUNT0-01022-00244311-00244539 century BCE the first period of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01023-00244540-00244692 construction though both were reworked
7YdhxrMUNT0-01024-00244692-00244883 upon the end of the second period of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01025-00244884-00245117 construction in the 5th century CE II
7YdhxrMUNT0-01026-00245117-00245589 cave 9 18 point 2 4 meters by 8.04
7YdhxrMUNT0-01027-00245590-00245807 metres is smaller than cave 10 thirty
7YdhxrMUNT0-01028-00245808-00246032 point five meters by twelve point two
7YdhxrMUNT0-01029-00246033-00246315 meters but more complex this has led
7YdhxrMUNT0-01030-00246316-00246494 spank to the view that cave 10 was
7YdhxrMUNT0-01031-00246496-00246704 perhaps originally of the 1st century
7YdhxrMUNT0-01032-00246705-00246950 BCE and cave 9 about a hundred years
7YdhxrMUNT0-01033-00246951-00247317 later the small shrine let's called
7YdhxrMUNT0-01034-00247317-00247638 caves 9a 290 and 10a also date from the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01035-00247639-00247880 second period these were commissioned by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01036-00247881-00248163 individuals cave 9 arch has remnant
7YdhxrMUNT0-01037-00248164-00248388 profile that suggests that it likely had
7YdhxrMUNT0-01038-00248389-00248598 wooden fittings the cave has a distinct
7YdhxrMUNT0-01039-00248598-00248846 apsidal shape mave Isle and in apps with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01040-00248848-00249053 an icon an architecture and plan that
7YdhxrMUNT0-01041-00249054-00249230 reminds one of cathedrals built in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01042-00249231-00249506 Europe many centuries later the Isle has
7YdhxrMUNT0-01043-00249507-00249674 a row of 23 pillars
7YdhxrMUNT0-01044-00249675-00249921 the ceiling is vaulted the stupa is at
7YdhxrMUNT0-01045-00249921-00250044 the center of the apse with a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01046-00250044-00250296 circumambulation path around it the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01047-00250296-00250521 stupa sits on a high cylindrical base on
7YdhxrMUNT0-01048-00250521-00250748 the left wall of the cave our voter 'is
7YdhxrMUNT0-01049-00250749-00250949 approaching the stupa which suggests a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01050-00250950-00251159 devotional tradition according to spank
7YdhxrMUNT0-01051-00251160-00251367 the paintings in this cave including the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01052-00251367-00251528 intrusive standing buddhas on the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01053-00251529-00251725 pillars were added in the 5th century
7YdhxrMUNT0-01054-00251726-00251978 above the pillars and also behind the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01055-00251979-00252162 stupa are colorful paintings of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01056-00252163-00252344 Buddha with Padma Pandey and vajrapani
7YdhxrMUNT0-01057-00252346-00252542 next to him they wear jewels and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01058-00252544-00252758 necklaces while Yogi's citizens and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01059-00252759-00252932 Buddhists bhikshu are shown approaching
7YdhxrMUNT0-01060-00252933-00253100 the buddha with garlands and offerings
7YdhxrMUNT0-01061-00253101-00253277 with men wearing dhoti and turbans
7YdhxrMUNT0-01062-00253278-00253512 wrapped around their heads on the walls
7YdhxrMUNT0-01063-00253513-00253737 or freezes of Jataka tales but likely
7YdhxrMUNT0-01064-00253738-00253892 from the Hinayana phase of early
7YdhxrMUNT0-01065-00253894-00254147 construction some of the panels and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01066-00254148-00254360 reliefs inside as well as outside cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01067-00254361-00254579 10 do not make narrative sense but are
7YdhxrMUNT0-01068-00254580-00254846 related to Buddhist legends this lack of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01069-00254848-00255047 narrative flow may be because these were
7YdhxrMUNT0-01070-00255048-00255224 added by different monks and official
7YdhxrMUNT0-01071-00255225-00255446 donors in the 5th century wherever empty
7YdhxrMUNT0-01072-00255448-00255741 space was available this devotional ism
7YdhxrMUNT0-01073-00255742-00255908 and the worship Hall character of this
7YdhxrMUNT0-01074-00255909-00256079 cave is the likely reason why for
7YdhxrMUNT0-01075-00256080-00256475 additional shrine let's 9a9 b9c and 9d
7YdhxrMUNT0-01076-00256476-00256826 were added between cave 9 and 10
7YdhxrMUNT0-01077-00256827-00257148 you
7YdhxrMUNT0-01078-00257150-00257644 topic cave 10
7YdhxrMUNT0-01079-00257646-00257963 cave ten Avast prayer hall or chaitya is
7YdhxrMUNT0-01080-00257964-00258184 dated to about the 1st century BCE
7YdhxrMUNT0-01081-00258185-00258398 together with the nearby vihara cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01082-00258398-00258689 number 12 these two caves are thus among
7YdhxrMUNT0-01083-00258690-00258965 the earliest of the Ajanta complex it
7YdhxrMUNT0-01084-00258966-00259183 has a large central apsidal hall with a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01085-00259184-00259432 row of 39 octagonal pillars a nave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01086-00259433-00259621 separating its aisle and stupa at the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01087-00259623-00259853 end for worship the stupa has a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01088-00259854-00260110 production epatha circum ambulatory path
7YdhxrMUNT0-01089-00260111-00260303 this cave is significant because it's
7YdhxrMUNT0-01090-00260304-00260516 scale confirms the influence of Buddhism
7YdhxrMUNT0-01091-00260517-00260782 in South Asia by the 1st century BCE and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01092-00260783-00260912 it's continued though declining
7YdhxrMUNT0-01093-00260913-00261082 influence in India through the 5th
7YdhxrMUNT0-01094-00261083-00261373 century CE II further the cave includes
7YdhxrMUNT0-01095-00261375-00261566 a number of inscriptions where parts of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01096-00261567-00261832 the cave are gifts of prasada by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01097-00261833-00262019 different individuals which in turn
7YdhxrMUNT0-01098-00262019-00262223 suggests that the cave was sponsored as
7YdhxrMUNT0-01099-00262224-00262418 a community effort rather than a single
7YdhxrMUNT0-01100-00262419-00262715 king or one elite official cave 10 is
7YdhxrMUNT0-01101-00262716-00262925 also historically important because in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01102-00262926-00263225 April 1819 British Army officer John
7YdhxrMUNT0-01103-00263226-00263423 Smith saw its arch and introduced his
7YdhxrMUNT0-01104-00263424-00263582 discovery to the attention to the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01105-00263583-00263876 Western audience chronology several
7YdhxrMUNT0-01106-00263877-00264089 others caves were also built in western
7YdhxrMUNT0-01107-00264090-00264287 India around the same period under royal
7YdhxrMUNT0-01108-00264288-00264527 sponsorship it is thought that the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01109-00264528-00264719 chronology of these early chaitya caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-01110-00264720-00264962 as as follows first cave 9 at kondo vite
7YdhxrMUNT0-01111-00264963-00265199 caves and then cave 12 at the baha caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-01112-00265200-00265424 which both predate cave 10 of ajanta
7YdhxrMUNT0-01113-00265425-00265694 then after cave 10 of ajanta in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01114-00265695-00265973 chronological order cave 3 at pital kora
7YdhxrMUNT0-01115-00265974-00266243 cave one at kangana caves cave 9 at
7YdhxrMUNT0-01116-00266244-00266410 Ajanta which with its more ornate
7YdhxrMUNT0-01117-00266411-00266579 designs may have been built about a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01118-00266580-00266864 century later cave 18 at Nasik caves and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01119-00266865-00267095 cave 7 at betsa caves to finally
7YdhxrMUNT0-01120-00267096-00267329 culminate with that final perfection of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01121-00267330-00267622 the great chaitya at karla caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-01122-00267623-00267998 inscription cave 10 features a sanskrit
7YdhxrMUNT0-01123-00267999-00268177 inscription in Brahmi script that is
7YdhxrMUNT0-01124-00268178-00268412 archaeologically important the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01125-00268413-00268595 inscription is the oldest of the Ajanta
7YdhxrMUNT0-01126-00268596-00268970 site and reads quote the gift of a cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01127-00268971-00269307 facade by vasistha Putra katahajime
7YdhxrMUNT0-01128-00269308-00269549 paintings the paintings in cave 10
7YdhxrMUNT0-01129-00269550-00269738 include some surviving from the early
7YdhxrMUNT0-01130-00269739-00269957 period many from an incomplete program
7YdhxrMUNT0-01131-00269958-00270146 of modernization in the second period
7YdhxrMUNT0-01132-00270147-00270371 and a very large number of smaller late
7YdhxrMUNT0-01133-00270372-00270578 intrusive images for votive purposes
7YdhxrMUNT0-01134-00270579-00270959 around the 479 to 480 C
7YdhxrMUNT0-01135-00270960-00271124 really all Buddhists and many with doner
7YdhxrMUNT0-01136-00271125-00271376 inscriptions from individuals these
7YdhxrMUNT0-01137-00271377-00271553 mostly avoided over painting the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01138-00271554-00271835 official program and after the best
7YdhxrMUNT0-01139-00271836-00272016 positions were used up are tucked away
7YdhxrMUNT0-01140-00272017-00272220 in less prominent positions not yet
7YdhxrMUNT0-01141-00272221-00272412 painted the total of these including
7YdhxrMUNT0-01142-00272413-00272681 those now lost was probably over 300 and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01143-00272682-00272855 the hands of many different artists are
7YdhxrMUNT0-01144-00272856-00273104 visible the paintings are numerous and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01145-00273105-00273294 from two periods many meriting the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01146-00273295-00273500 Jataka tales in a clockwise sequence
7YdhxrMUNT0-01147-00273501-00273782 both Hinayana and Mahayana stage
7YdhxrMUNT0-01148-00273783-00273947 paintings are discernible though the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01149-00273948-00274140 former are more faded and begrimed with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01150-00274141-00274403 early centuries of Hinayana worship of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01151-00274404-00274631 interest here as the sadhana Jataka tale
7YdhxrMUNT0-01152-00274632-00274853 the fable about six tusks elephant and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01153-00274854-00275084 mushiya Majorca the story about the man
7YdhxrMUNT0-01154-00275085-00275282 who dedicates his life serving his blind
7YdhxrMUNT0-01155-00275283-00275555 parents according to Stella cram rich
7YdhxrMUNT0-01156-00275556-00275729 the oldest layer of the cave ten
7YdhxrMUNT0-01157-00275730-00275997 paintings date from about 100 BCE and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01158-00275998-00276192 the principles behind their composition
7YdhxrMUNT0-01159-00276193-00276374 are analogous to those from the same era
7YdhxrMUNT0-01160-00276375-00277008 at Sanchi and Amaravati
7YdhxrMUNT0-01161-00277009-00277508 topic caves 11
7YdhxrMUNT0-01162-00277509-00277890 the cave 11 is a monastery 19.8 7 by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01163-00277891-00278225 17.3 5 meters from the later 5th century
7YdhxrMUNT0-01164-00278226-00278480 the cave veranda has pillars with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01165-00278481-00278742 octagonal shafts and square basis the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01166-00278743-00278903 ceiling of the verandah shows evidence
7YdhxrMUNT0-01167-00278904-00279151 of floral designs and eroded reliefs
7YdhxrMUNT0-01168-00279152-00279404 only the center panel is discernible
7YdhxrMUNT0-01169-00279405-00279588 wherein the Buddha is seen with voters
7YdhxrMUNT0-01170-00279589-00279881 lining up to pray before him inside the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01171-00279882-00280094 cave consists of a hall with a long rock
7YdhxrMUNT0-01172-00280095-00280389 bench opening into six rooms similar
7YdhxrMUNT0-01173-00280390-00280590 stone benches are found in Nasik caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-01174-00280591-00280823 another pillared veranda ends in a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01175-00280824-00281006 sanctum with seated buddha against an
7YdhxrMUNT0-01176-00281007-00281337 incomplete stupa and has four cells the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01177-00281338-00281493 cave has a few paintings showing
7YdhxrMUNT0-01178-00281494-00281744 Bodhisattvas and the Buddha of these the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01179-00281745-00281960 Padma pani a couple gathered to pray a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01180-00281961-00282176 pair of peafowl and a female figure
7YdhxrMUNT0-01181-00282177-00282332 painting have survived in the best
7YdhxrMUNT0-01182-00282333-00282596 condition the sanctum of this cave may
7YdhxrMUNT0-01183-00282597-00282770 be among the last structures built at
7YdhxrMUNT0-01184-00282771-00282910 Ajanta because it features a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01185-00282911-00283118 circumambulation path around the seated
7YdhxrMUNT0-01186-00283119-00283630 Buddha
7YdhxrMUNT0-01187-00283631-00284138 topic caves 12
7YdhxrMUNT0-01188-00284139-00284378 according to archaeological survey of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01189-00284379-00284663 india aussie cave 12 is an early stage
7YdhxrMUNT0-01190-00284664-00285031 Hinayana Theravada monastery 14.9 by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01191-00285032-00285311 17.8 two meters from the second to 1st
7YdhxrMUNT0-01192-00285312-00285659 century BCE however only dates it
7YdhxrMUNT0-01193-00285660-00285890 to the 1st century BCE the cave is
7YdhxrMUNT0-01194-00285891-00286061 damaged with its front wall completely
7YdhxrMUNT0-01195-00286062-00286400 collapsed its three sides inside have 12
7YdhxrMUNT0-01196-00286401-00287076 cells each with two stone beds
7YdhxrMUNT0-01197-00287077-00287843 topic cave 13 14 15 15 a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01198-00287844-00288140 cave 13 as another small monastery from
7YdhxrMUNT0-01199-00288141-00288338 the early period consisting of the hall
7YdhxrMUNT0-01200-00288339-00288548 with seven cells each also with two
7YdhxrMUNT0-01201-00288549-00288730 stone beds all carved out of the rock
7YdhxrMUNT0-01202-00288731-00289016 each cell has rock-cut beds for the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01203-00289017-00289340 monks in contrast to ASI Zestimate Gupta
7YdhxrMUNT0-01204-00289341-00289558 and Mahajan date both these caves about
7YdhxrMUNT0-01205-00289559-00289790 two to three centuries later between 1st
7YdhxrMUNT0-01206-00289791-00290087 and 2nd century CE E cave 14 as another
7YdhxrMUNT0-01207-00290088-00290378 unfinished monastery 13.4 three by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01208-00290379-00290581 nineteen point two eight metres but
7YdhxrMUNT0-01209-00290582-00290864 carved above cave 13 the entrance door
7YdhxrMUNT0-01210-00290865-00291146 frame shows salabanzi cos cave 15 as a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01211-00291147-00291374 more complete monastery nineteen point
7YdhxrMUNT0-01212-00291375-00291575 six two by fifteen point nine eight
7YdhxrMUNT0-01213-00291576-00291749 metres with evidence that it had
7YdhxrMUNT0-01214-00291750-00292022 paintings the cave consists of an eight
7YdhxrMUNT0-01215-00292023-00292202 celled Hall ending in a sanctum an
7YdhxrMUNT0-01216-00292203-00292390 antechamber and a veranda with pillars
7YdhxrMUNT0-01217-00292391-00292646 the reliefs showed the Buddha while the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01218-00292647-00292820 sanctum Buddha is shown seated in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01219-00292821-00293150 sim Hacienda posture cave 15 door frame
7YdhxrMUNT0-01220-00293151-00293387 has carvings of pigeons eating corn k
7YdhxrMUNT0-01221-00293388-00293648 15a as the smallest cave with a hall and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01222-00293649-00293927 one cell on each side its entrance is
7YdhxrMUNT0-01223-00293928-00294077 located just to the right of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01224-00294078-00294314 elephant decorated entrance to cave 16
7YdhxrMUNT0-01225-00294315-00294580 it is an ancient Hemi yonder cave with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01226-00294581-00294773 three cells opening around a miniscule
7YdhxrMUNT0-01227-00294774-00295033 central hall the doors are decorated
7YdhxrMUNT0-01228-00295034-00295250 with a rail and arch pattern it had an
7YdhxrMUNT0-01229-00295251-00295442 inscription in an ancient script which
7YdhxrMUNT0-01230-00295443-00295998 has been lost
7YdhxrMUNT0-01231-00295999-00296520 topic cave 16
7YdhxrMUNT0-01232-00296521-00296835 cave 16 occupies a prime position near
7YdhxrMUNT0-01233-00296836-00297015 the middle of site and was sponsored by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01234-00297016-00297279 varaha diva Minister of vakataka King
7YdhxrMUNT0-01235-00297280-00297804 Horace inna r/c 475 C 500 C II he
7YdhxrMUNT0-01236-00297805-00297972 devoted it to the community of monks
7YdhxrMUNT0-01237-00297973-00298170 with an inscription that expresses his
7YdhxrMUNT0-01238-00298171-00298596 wish may the entire world enter that
7YdhxrMUNT0-01239-00298597-00298794 peaceful and Noble State free from
7YdhxrMUNT0-01240-00298795-00299172 sorrow and disease he was states pink
7YdhxrMUNT0-01241-00299173-00299379 someone who revered both the Buddha and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01242-00299380-00299691 the Hindu gods the 7th century Chinese
7YdhxrMUNT0-01243-00299692-00299904 travelers Zhang Zhang described the cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01244-00299905-00300120 as the entrance to the site cave sixteen
7YdhxrMUNT0-01245-00300121-00300396 nineteen point five meters by 22 point
7YdhxrMUNT0-01246-00300397-00300651 two five meters by four point six meters
7YdhxrMUNT0-01247-00300652-00300846 influenced the architecture of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01248-00300847-00301119 entire site and other scholars
7YdhxrMUNT0-01249-00301120-00301401 call it the crucial cave that helps
7YdhxrMUNT0-01250-00301402-00301590 trace the chronology of the second and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01251-00301591-00301773 closing stages of the entire cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01252-00301774-00302085 complexes construction cave 16 as a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01253-00302086-00302319 Mahayana monastery and has the standard
7YdhxrMUNT0-01254-00302320-00302493 arrangement of a main doorway two
7YdhxrMUNT0-01255-00302494-00302705 windows and two aisle doorways the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01256-00302706-00302970 veranda of this monastery is nineteen
7YdhxrMUNT0-01257-00302971-00303183 point five meters by three metres while
7YdhxrMUNT0-01258-00303184-00303381 the main hall is almost a perfect square
7YdhxrMUNT0-01259-00303382-00303693 with nineteen point five meters side the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01260-00303694-00303902 paintings in cave sixteen are numerous
7YdhxrMUNT0-01261-00303903-00304155 narratives include various Jataka tales
7YdhxrMUNT0-01262-00304156-00304428 such as hasti Maha Maha and the pseudo
7YdhxrMUNT0-01263-00304429-00304722 soma fables other frescoes depict the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01264-00304723-00304932 conversion of nanda miracle of sravasti
7YdhxrMUNT0-01265-00304933-00305202 Sujata is offering a Sita's visit the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01266-00305203-00305424 dream of Maya the trip Usha and bollocky
7YdhxrMUNT0-01267-00305425-00305664 story and the ploughing festival the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01268-00305665-00305886 hostage Attica frescoes tell the story
7YdhxrMUNT0-01269-00305887-00306084 of a bodhisattva elephant who learns of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01270-00306085-00306285 a large group of people starving then
7YdhxrMUNT0-01271-00306286-00306456 tells them to go below a cliff where
7YdhxrMUNT0-01272-00306457-00306678 they could find food the elephant
7YdhxrMUNT0-01273-00306679-00306870 proceeds to sacrifice himself by jumping
7YdhxrMUNT0-01274-00306871-00307113 off that cliff thereby becoming food so
7YdhxrMUNT0-01275-00307114-00307326 that the people can survive these
7YdhxrMUNT0-01276-00307327-00307518 frescoes are found immediately to the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01277-00307519-00307725 left of entrance in the front corridor
7YdhxrMUNT0-01278-00307726-00307896 and the narrative follows a clockwise
7YdhxrMUNT0-01279-00307897-00308151 direction the Mahamaya Jataka frescoes
7YdhxrMUNT0-01280-00308152-00308301 are found on the left wall of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01281-00308302-00308496 corridor which narrates the story of a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01282-00308497-00308790 child bodhisattva thereafter in the left
7YdhxrMUNT0-01283-00308791-00308985 corridor as the legend surrounding the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01284-00308986-00309168 conversion of nanda the half-brother of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01285-00309169-00309438 the buddha the story depicted as one of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01286-00309439-00309621 the two major versions of the nanda
7YdhxrMUNT0-01287-00309622-00309798 legend in the buddhist tradition one
7YdhxrMUNT0-01288-00309799-00309850 where nan
7YdhxrMUNT0-01289-00309851-00310030 wants to lead a sensuous life with the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01290-00310031-00310195 girl he had just Wed and the Buddha
7YdhxrMUNT0-01291-00310196-00310372 takes him to heaven and later he'll to
7YdhxrMUNT0-01292-00310373-00310573 show the spiritual dangers of a sensual
7YdhxrMUNT0-01293-00310574-00310858 life after the Nanda related frescoes
7YdhxrMUNT0-01294-00310859-00311050 the cave presents minutiae Buddhist
7YdhxrMUNT0-01295-00311051-00311221 followed by flying voter ease with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01296-00311222-00311392 offerings to worship the Buddha and the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01297-00311393-00311581 Buddha seated in teaching asana and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01298-00311582-00311779 Dharma chakra mudra the right wall of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01299-00311780-00311944 the corridor showed the scenes from the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01300-00311945-00312037 life of the Buddha
7YdhxrMUNT0-01301-00312038-00312292 these include Sujata offering food to
7YdhxrMUNT0-01302-00312293-00312493 the Buddha with a begging bowl in white
7YdhxrMUNT0-01303-00312494-00312553 dress
7YdhxrMUNT0-01304-00312554-00312760 tapas and Bala connects to the Buddha
7YdhxrMUNT0-01305-00312761-00312934 after they offering wheat and honey to
7YdhxrMUNT0-01306-00312935-00313105 the Buddha as monk the future Buddha
7YdhxrMUNT0-01307-00313106-00313285 sitting alone under a tree and the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01308-00313286-00313558 Buddha had a plowing festival one mural
7YdhxrMUNT0-01309-00313559-00313708 shows Buddha's parents trying to
7YdhxrMUNT0-01310-00313709-00313881 dissuade him from becoming a monk
7YdhxrMUNT0-01311-00313882-00314128 another shows the Buddha at the palace
7YdhxrMUNT0-01312-00314129-00314332 surrounded by men in dhoti and women in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01313-00314333-00314542 saree as his behavior presents the four
7YdhxrMUNT0-01314-00314543-00314737 signs that he is likely to renounce on
7YdhxrMUNT0-01315-00314738-00314968 this side of the corridor are also
7YdhxrMUNT0-01316-00314969-00315142 paintings that showed the future Buddha
7YdhxrMUNT0-01317-00315143-00315361 as a baby with sages Sita with Rishi
7YdhxrMUNT0-01318-00315362-00315441 like looks
7YdhxrMUNT0-01319-00315442-00315667 according to spank some of the cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01320-00315668-00316342 sixteen paintings were left incomplete
7YdhxrMUNT0-01321-00316343-00316870 topic cave 17
7YdhxrMUNT0-01322-00316871-00317395 cave 1730 4.5 meters by 25.6 3 meters
7YdhxrMUNT0-01323-00317396-00317650 along with cave 16 with 2 great stone
7YdhxrMUNT0-01324-00317651-00317872 elephants at the entrance in cave 26
7YdhxrMUNT0-01325-00317873-00318046 with sleeping buddha were some of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01326-00318047-00318223 many caves sponsored by the Hindu
7YdhxrMUNT0-01327-00318224-00318532 vakataka Prime Minister varaha dava cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01328-00318533-00318778 17 had additional donors such as the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01329-00318779-00319000 local king Upendra Gupta as evidenced by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01330-00319001-00319165 the inscription there in the cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01331-00319166-00319318 features a large and most sophisticated
7YdhxrMUNT0-01332-00319319-00319564 vihara design along with some of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01333-00319565-00319732 best preserved and well known paintings
7YdhxrMUNT0-01334-00319733-00320053 of all the caves while cave 16 is known
7YdhxrMUNT0-01335-00320054-00320230 for depicting the life stories of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01336-00320231-00320440 buddha the cave 17 paintings has
7YdhxrMUNT0-01337-00320441-00320626 attracted much attention for extolling
7YdhxrMUNT0-01338-00320627-00320832 human virtues by narrating the Jataka
7YdhxrMUNT0-01339-00320833-00321079 tales the narration includes an
7YdhxrMUNT0-01340-00321080-00321292 attention to details in a realism which
7YdhxrMUNT0-01341-00321293-00321588 Stella Crammers calls lavish elegance
7YdhxrMUNT0-01342-00321589-00321853 accomplished by efficient craftsmen the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01343-00321854-00322042 ancient artists states crammed Risch
7YdhxrMUNT0-01344-00322043-00322252 tried to show when passing over a crop
7YdhxrMUNT0-01345-00322253-00322450 by showing it bending in waves and a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01346-00322451-00322657 similar profusion of rhythmic sequences
7YdhxrMUNT0-01347-00322658-00322857 that unroll story after story visually
7YdhxrMUNT0-01348-00322858-00323215 presenting the metaphysical the cave 17
7YdhxrMUNT0-01349-00323216-00323457 monastery includes a colonnaded porch a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01350-00323458-00323653 number of pillars each with a distinct
7YdhxrMUNT0-01351-00323654-00323854 style a peristyle design for the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01352-00323855-00323950 interior Hall
7YdhxrMUNT0-01353-00323951-00324166 a shrine antechamber located deep in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01354-00324167-00324379 cave larger windows and doors for more
7YdhxrMUNT0-01355-00324380-00324574 light along with extensive integrated
7YdhxrMUNT0-01356-00324575-00324769 carvings of Indian gods and goddesses
7YdhxrMUNT0-01357-00324770-00325096 the hall of this monastery as a 380
7YdhxrMUNT0-01358-00325097-00325405 point five three square meters 4096
7YdhxrMUNT0-01359-00325406-00325618 pointto square feet square with 20
7YdhxrMUNT0-01360-00325619-00325891 pillars the grand scale of the carving
7YdhxrMUNT0-01361-00325892-00326109 also introduced errors of taking out too
7YdhxrMUNT0-01362-00326110-00326334 much rock to shape the walls States pink
7YdhxrMUNT0-01363-00326335-00326506 which led to the cave being splayed out
7YdhxrMUNT0-01364-00326507-00326773 toward the rear cave 17 has one long
7YdhxrMUNT0-01365-00326774-00326977 inscription by King Upendra Gupta in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01366-00326978-00327178 which he explains that he has expended
7YdhxrMUNT0-01367-00327179-00327376 abundant wealth on building this vihara
7YdhxrMUNT0-01368-00327377-00327544 bringing much satisfaction to the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01369-00327545-00327841 devotees altogether Upendra Gupta is
7YdhxrMUNT0-01370-00327842-00328012 known to have sponsored at least five of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01371-00328013-00328276 the caves in Ajanta he may have spent
7YdhxrMUNT0-01372-00328277-00328462 too much wealth on religious pursuits
7YdhxrMUNT0-01373-00328463-00328693 however as he was ultimately defeated by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01374-00328694-00328948 the attacks of the as Makkah cave 17 has
7YdhxrMUNT0-01375-00328949-00329305 30 major murals the paintings of cave 17
7YdhxrMUNT0-01376-00329306-00329515 depict Buddha in various forms and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01377-00329516-00329797 postures the pay see key this Ubu krakix
7YdhxrMUNT0-01378-00329798-00330081 andhe kanaka Moony Kashyap and Sakyamuni
7YdhxrMUNT0-01379-00330082-00330253 also depicted are
7YdhxrMUNT0-01380-00330254-00330478 valo Kajiwara the story of you Dan and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01381-00330479-00330697 Gupta the story of nalle' Gary the Wheel
7YdhxrMUNT0-01382-00330698-00330916 of Life a panel celebrating various
7YdhxrMUNT0-01383-00330917-00331117 ancient Indian musicians and a panel
7YdhxrMUNT0-01384-00331118-00331255 that tells of prince sim hollows
7YdhxrMUNT0-01385-00331256-00331531 expedition to Sri Lanka the narrative
7YdhxrMUNT0-01386-00331532-00331747 frescoes depict the various Jataka tales
7YdhxrMUNT0-01387-00331748-00332047 such as the Shah Donda hasti hamsa ves
7YdhxrMUNT0-01388-00332048-00332320 antara Sudha soma maha copy in two
7YdhxrMUNT0-01389-00332321-00332632 versions Sarab amiga matcha motivo Sokka
7YdhxrMUNT0-01390-00332633-00332983 Shyama mahisha Vala Haase CB Ruru and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01391-00332984-00333283 negrodamus Jatakas the depictions we've
7YdhxrMUNT0-01392-00333284-00333427 in the norms of the early first
7YdhxrMUNT0-01393-00333428-00333697 millennium culture in the society they
7YdhxrMUNT0-01394-00333698-00333913 show themes as diverse as a shipwreck a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01395-00333914-00334117 princess applying makeup lovers in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01396-00334118-00334321 scenes of dalliance and a wine drinking
7YdhxrMUNT0-01397-00334322-00334486 scene of a couple with the woman and man
7YdhxrMUNT0-01398-00334487-00334795 amorously seated some frescoes attempt
7YdhxrMUNT0-01399-00334796-00334987 to show the key characters from various
7YdhxrMUNT0-01400-00334988-00335164 parts of a Jataka tales by code
7YdhxrMUNT0-01401-00335165-00335362 depicting animals and attendants in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01402-00335363-00335901 same scene
7YdhxrMUNT0-01403-00335902-00336412 topic cave 18
7YdhxrMUNT0-01404-00336413-00336685 cave 18 as a small rectangular space
7YdhxrMUNT0-01405-00336686-00336928 three point three eight by eleven point
7YdhxrMUNT0-01406-00336929-00337141 six six meters with two octagonal
7YdhxrMUNT0-01407-00337142-00337330 pillars and it joins into another cell
7YdhxrMUNT0-01408-00337331-00337957 its role is unclear
7YdhxrMUNT0-01409-00337958-00338640 topic cave 19 fifth century c/e
7YdhxrMUNT0-01410-00338641-00338937 cave 19 is a worship Hall chichi agree
7YdhxrMUNT0-01411-00338938-00339152 ha sixteen point zero five by seven
7YdhxrMUNT0-01412-00339153-00339420 point zero nine meters dateable to the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01413-00339421-00339672 fifth century CE II the hall shows
7YdhxrMUNT0-01414-00339673-00339870 painted Buddha depicted in different
7YdhxrMUNT0-01415-00339871-00340092 postures this worship Hall is now
7YdhxrMUNT0-01416-00340093-00340259 visited through what was previously a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01417-00340260-00340518 carved room the presence of this room
7YdhxrMUNT0-01418-00340519-00340692 before the hall suggests that the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01419-00340693-00340914 original plan included a mandala style
7YdhxrMUNT0-01420-00340915-00341118 courtyard for devotees to gather and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01421-00341119-00341289 wait an entrance in facade to this
7YdhxrMUNT0-01422-00341290-00341459 courtyard all of whose ruins are now
7YdhxrMUNT0-01423-00341460-00341769 lost to history cave 19 is one of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01424-00341770-00341964 caves known for its sculpture it
7YdhxrMUNT0-01425-00341965-00342171 includes naga figures with a serpent
7YdhxrMUNT0-01426-00342172-00342390 canopy protecting the Buddha similar to
7YdhxrMUNT0-01427-00342391-00342594 those found for spiritual icons in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01428-00342595-00342852 ancient Jain and Hindu traditions it
7YdhxrMUNT0-01429-00342853-00343017 includes the action of our Apollo
7YdhxrMUNT0-01430-00343018-00343242 Guardian images on the side of its vada
7YdhxrMUNT0-01431-00343243-00343464 Yana arches flying couples sitting
7YdhxrMUNT0-01432-00343465-00343682 buddha standing Buddha's and evidence
7YdhxrMUNT0-01433-00343683-00343856 that its ceiling was once painted the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01434-00343857-00344060 cave 19 drew upon on the plan and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01435-00344061-00344340 experimentation in cave 9 it made a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01436-00344341-00344499 major departure from the earlier
7YdhxrMUNT0-01437-00344500-00344712 Hinayana tradition by carving a Buddha
7YdhxrMUNT0-01438-00344713-00344913 into the stupa a decision that states
7YdhxrMUNT0-01439-00344914-00345107 must have come from the highest
7YdhxrMUNT0-01440-00345108-00345393 levels in the fifth century Mahayana
7YdhxrMUNT0-01441-00345394-00345597 Buddhist establishment because the king
7YdhxrMUNT0-01442-00345598-00345774 and dynasty that built this cave was
7YdhxrMUNT0-01443-00345775-00346044 from the shaivism hindu tradition cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01444-00346045-00346301 19 excavation and stupa was likely in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01445-00346302-00346638 place by 467 C II and it's finishing an
7YdhxrMUNT0-01446-00346639-00346808 artistic work continued into the early
7YdhxrMUNT0-01447-00346809-00347027 four 70s but it too was an incomplete
7YdhxrMUNT0-01448-00347028-00347319 cave when it was dedicated in 471 see
7YdhxrMUNT0-01449-00347320-00347510 the entrance facade of the cave 19
7YdhxrMUNT0-01450-00347511-00347834 worship hall is ornate two round pillars
7YdhxrMUNT0-01451-00347835-00348042 with fluted floral patterns and carved
7YdhxrMUNT0-01452-00348043-00348348 garlands support a porch its capital as
7YdhxrMUNT0-01453-00348349-00348546 an inverted Lotus connecting to animal
7YdhxrMUNT0-01454-00348547-00348792 akka to its left is standing buddha in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01455-00348793-00348966 Virata hasta mudra with a devotee
7YdhxrMUNT0-01456-00348967-00349242 prostrating at his feet on right as a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01457-00349243-00349454 relief of woman with one hand holding a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01458-00349455-00349617 pitcher and other touching her chin
7YdhxrMUNT0-01459-00349618-00349907 above is a seated buddha in meditating
7YdhxrMUNT0-01460-00349908-00350121 mudra towards the right of the entrance
7YdhxrMUNT0-01461-00350122-00350435 as the mother and child sculpture a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01462-00350436-00350649 figure with begging bowl as the buddha
7YdhxrMUNT0-01463-00350650-00350850 watching him or his wife and son the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01464-00350851-00351053 worship Hall is apse Idol with 15
7YdhxrMUNT0-01465-00351054-00351270 pillars dividing it into two side aisles
7YdhxrMUNT0-01466-00351271-00351516 in one name the round pillars have
7YdhxrMUNT0-01467-00351517-00351731 floral reliefs and a fluted shaft topped
7YdhxrMUNT0-01468-00351732-00351919 with Buddha in its capitals
7YdhxrMUNT0-01469-00351920-00352131 next to the Buddha in the Capitals are
7YdhxrMUNT0-01470-00352132-00352339 elephants horses and flying Apsara
7YdhxrMUNT0-01471-00352340-00352495 freezes found elsewhere in India
7YdhxrMUNT0-01472-00352496-00352683 reflecting the style of the Gupta Empire
7YdhxrMUNT0-01473-00352684-00352800 artwork
7YdhxrMUNT0-01474-00352801-00353068 according to Sharma the similarities at
7YdhxrMUNT0-01475-00353069-00353278 the karla caves great Jay Jia built in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01476-00353279-00353524 the 2nd century CE II suggest that cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01477-00353525-00353713 the 19th of may have been modeled after
7YdhxrMUNT0-01478-00353714-00353899 it the walls in the ceiling of the side
7YdhxrMUNT0-01479-00353900-00354067 aisles inside the worship Hall are
7YdhxrMUNT0-01480-00354068-00354292 covered with paintings these show the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01481-00354293-00354510 Buddha flowers and in the left aisle de
7YdhxrMUNT0-01482-00354511-00355214 mother and child legend again
7YdhxrMUNT0-01483-00355215-00355720 topic cave 20
7YdhxrMUNT0-01484-00355721-00356221 cave 20 as a monastery Hall 16.2 by 17.9
7YdhxrMUNT0-01485-00356222-00356488 one meters from the fifth-century its
7YdhxrMUNT0-01486-00356489-00356725 construction states pink was started in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01487-00356726-00356959 the four 60s by King upendra Gupta with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01488-00356960-00357178 his expressed desire to make the Great
7YdhxrMUNT0-01489-00357179-00357511 Tree of religious merit grow the work on
7YdhxrMUNT0-01490-00357512-00357733 cave 20 was pursued in parallel with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01491-00357734-00358027 other caves cave 20 has exquisite
7YdhxrMUNT0-01492-00358028-00358225 detailing State's pink but it was
7YdhxrMUNT0-01493-00358226-00358432 relatively lower on priority than caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-01494-00358433-00358780 17 and 19 the work on cave 20 was
7YdhxrMUNT0-01495-00358781-00358921 intermittently stopped and then
7YdhxrMUNT0-01496-00358922-00359107 continued in the following decade the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01497-00359108-00359335 vihara consists of a sanctum for cells
7YdhxrMUNT0-01498-00359336-00359518 for monks and a pillared veranda with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01499-00359519-00359806 two stone cut windows for light prior to
7YdhxrMUNT0-01500-00359807-00359977 entering the main hall on the left of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01501-00359978-00360166 veranda are two Buddhas carved above the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01502-00360167-00360436 window inside cell the ceiling of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01503-00360437-00360658 main hall has remnants of painting the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01504-00360659-00360859 sanctum Buddha is in preaching posture
7YdhxrMUNT0-01505-00360860-00361063 the cave is known for the sculpture
7YdhxrMUNT0-01506-00361064-00361252 showing seven buddhas with attendants on
7YdhxrMUNT0-01507-00361253-00361501 its lintel the cave has a dedicatory
7YdhxrMUNT0-01508-00361502-00361753 sanskrit inscription in Brahmi script in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01509-00361754-00361939 its verandah and it calls the cave as a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01510-00361940-00362128 mandapa many of the figural and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01511-00362129-00362329 ornamental carvings in cave 20 are
7YdhxrMUNT0-01512-00362330-00362545 similar to cave 19 and to a lesser
7YdhxrMUNT0-01513-00362546-00362833 degree to those found in cave 17 this
7YdhxrMUNT0-01514-00362834-00363031 may be because the same architects and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01515-00363032-00363196 artisans were responsible for the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01516-00363197-00363430 evolution of the three caves the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01517-00363431-00363649 doorframes in cave 20 are quasi
7YdhxrMUNT0-01518-00363650-00363820 structural something unique at the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01519-00363821-00364078 Ajanta site the decorations are also
7YdhxrMUNT0-01520-00364079-00364306 innovative in cave 20 such as one
7YdhxrMUNT0-01521-00364307-00364480 showing the Buddha seated against two
7YdhxrMUNT0-01522-00364481-00364744 pillows in a richly Laden mango tree
7YdhxrMUNT0-01523-00364745-00365397 behind him states pink
7YdhxrMUNT0-01524-00365398-00366344 topic caves 21 22 23 24 and 25
7YdhxrMUNT0-01525-00366345-00366827 cave 21 22 23 and 24 are all monasteries
7YdhxrMUNT0-01526-00366828-00367019 representing the final phases of a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01527-00367020-00367351 jaundice construction cave 21 as a Hall
7YdhxrMUNT0-01528-00367352-00367634 28.5 six by twenty eight point zero
7YdhxrMUNT0-01529-00367635-00367883 three meters with twelve rock-cut rooms
7YdhxrMUNT0-01530-00367884-00368114 for monks a sanctum twelve pillared and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01531-00368115-00368366 plastered veranda the carvings on the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01532-00368367-00368558 pilaster include those of animals and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01533-00368559-00368804 flowers the pillars feature release of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01534-00368805-00369071 Apsaras Nagaraja and naga rani as well
7YdhxrMUNT0-01535-00369072-00369221 as devotees bowing with the namaste
7YdhxrMUNT0-01536-00369222-00369509 mudra the hall shows evidence that it
7YdhxrMUNT0-01537-00369510-00369707 used to be completely painted the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01538-00369708-00369878 sanctum Buddha is shown in preaching
7YdhxrMUNT0-01539-00369879-00370277 posture cave 22 as a small Vihara 12.7
7YdhxrMUNT0-01540-00370278-00370499 two by eleven point five eight meters
7YdhxrMUNT0-01541-00370500-00370658 with a narrow veranda and four
7YdhxrMUNT0-01542-00370659-00370940 unfinished cells it is excavated at a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01543-00370941-00371132 higher level and has to be reached by a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01544-00371133-00371417 flight of steps inside the buddha is
7YdhxrMUNT0-01545-00371418-00371678 seated in poem but pad asana the painted
7YdhxrMUNT0-01546-00371679-00371912 figures in cave 22 show minutiae
7YdhxrMUNT0-01547-00371913-00372188 Buddha's with Maitreya a pilaster on the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01548-00372189-00372428 left side of the cave 22 veranda has a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01549-00372429-00372719 Sanskrit prose inscription it is damaged
7YdhxrMUNT0-01550-00372720-00372938 in parts and the legible part state that
7YdhxrMUNT0-01551-00372939-00373217 this is a meritorious gift of a mandapa
7YdhxrMUNT0-01552-00373218-00373316 by Jai yada
7YdhxrMUNT0-01553-00373317-00373595 calling Jai out his family as a great
7YdhxrMUNT0-01554-00373596-00373862 apostle and ending the inscription with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01555-00373863-00374093 may the merit of this be for excellent
7YdhxrMUNT0-01556-00374094-00374237 knowledge to all sentient beings
7YdhxrMUNT0-01557-00374238-00374576 beginning with father and mother the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01558-00374577-00374867 cave 23 is also unfinished consisting of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01559-00374868-00375299 a Hall 28.3 2 by 22 point 5 2 meters but
7YdhxrMUNT0-01560-00375300-00375611 a design similar to cave 21 the cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01561-00375612-00375809 differs in its pillar decorations and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01562-00375810-00376151 the Naga doorkeepers cave 24 is like
7YdhxrMUNT0-01563-00376152-00376496 cave 21 unfinished but much larger it
7YdhxrMUNT0-01564-00376497-00376706 features the second largest monastery
7YdhxrMUNT0-01565-00376707-00376988 Hall 29.3 by twenty nine point three
7YdhxrMUNT0-01566-00376989-00377393 meters after K 4 the cave 24 monastery
7YdhxrMUNT0-01567-00377394-00377591 has been important to scholarly studies
7YdhxrMUNT0-01568-00377592-00377720 of the site because it shows how
7YdhxrMUNT0-01569-00377721-00377930 multiple crews of workers completed
7YdhxrMUNT0-01570-00377931-00378182 their objectives in parallel the cell
7YdhxrMUNT0-01571-00378183-00378377 construction began as soon as the aisle
7YdhxrMUNT0-01572-00378378-00378551 had been excavated and while the main
7YdhxrMUNT0-01573-00378552-00378752 hall and sanctum were under construction
7YdhxrMUNT0-01574-00378753-00379067 the construction of cave 24 was planned
7YdhxrMUNT0-01575-00379068-00379490 in 467 C II but likely started in 475 C
7YdhxrMUNT0-01576-00379491-00379694 II with support from Buddha Bhadra then
7YdhxrMUNT0-01577-00379695-00379727 a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01578-00379728-00380045 Polly ended in 477 with the sponsor king
7YdhxrMUNT0-01579-00380046-00380321 Harrison his death cave 24 a significant
7YdhxrMUNT0-01580-00380322-00380477 in having one of the most complex
7YdhxrMUNT0-01581-00380478-00380693 capitals on a pillar at the Ajanta site
7YdhxrMUNT0-01582-00380694-00380864 an indication of how the artists
7YdhxrMUNT0-01583-00380865-00381062 excelled and continuously improved their
7YdhxrMUNT0-01584-00381063-00381230 sophistication as they worked with the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01585-00381231-00381356 rock inside the cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01586-00381357-00381689 the artists carved 14 complex miniature
7YdhxrMUNT0-01587-00381690-00381866 figures on the central panel of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01588-00381867-00382040 right-center porch pillar while working
7YdhxrMUNT0-01589-00382041-00382331 in dim light in a cramped cave space the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01590-00382332-00382613 medallion reliefs in cave 24 similarly
7YdhxrMUNT0-01591-00382614-00382817 show loving couples and anthropomorphic
7YdhxrMUNT0-01592-00382818-00383000 arts rather than flowers of earlier
7YdhxrMUNT0-01593-00383001-00383312 construction cave 24 sanctum has a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01594-00383313-00383561 seated buddha in pralamba pada sana cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01595-00383562-00384053 25 as a monastery its Hall 11.37 by 12
7YdhxrMUNT0-01596-00384054-00384287 point 2 4 meters is similar to other
7YdhxrMUNT0-01597-00384288-00384521 monasteries but has no sanctum includes
7YdhxrMUNT0-01598-00384522-00384740 an enclosed courtyard and is excavated
7YdhxrMUNT0-01599-00384741-00385300 at an upper level
7YdhxrMUNT0-01600-00385301-00385992 topic cave 26 fifth century c/e
7YdhxrMUNT0-01601-00385993-00386319 cave 26 as a worship Hall J diarrhea
7YdhxrMUNT0-01602-00386320-00386556 twenty five point three four by eleven
7YdhxrMUNT0-01603-00386557-00386796 point five two meters similar in planned
7YdhxrMUNT0-01604-00386797-00387015 to cave nineteen but much larger and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01605-00387016-00387203 with elements of a vihara design an
7YdhxrMUNT0-01606-00387204-00387453 inscription states that a monk Buddha
7YdhxrMUNT0-01607-00387454-00387642 Bhadra and his friend minister serving
7YdhxrMUNT0-01608-00387643-00387882 king of as Makkah gifted this vast cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01609-00387883-00388101 the inscription includes a vision
7YdhxrMUNT0-01610-00388102-00388341 statement in the aim to make a memorial
7YdhxrMUNT0-01611-00388342-00388805 on the mountain that will endure for a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01612-00388806-00389100 late swall terse pink it is likely that
7YdhxrMUNT0-01613-00389101-00389319 the builders focused on sculpture rather
7YdhxrMUNT0-01614-00389320-00389568 than paintings in cave 26 because they
7YdhxrMUNT0-01615-00389569-00389760 believed stone sculpture will far more
7YdhxrMUNT0-01616-00389761-00389934 endure than paintings on the wall the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01617-00389935-00390132 cave drew upon the experiences in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01618-00390133-00390318 building cave 10 with attached wing
7YdhxrMUNT0-01619-00390319-00390498 similar to the ancient cave twelve
7YdhxrMUNT0-01620-00390499-00390779 Hinayana style vihara the cave 26
7YdhxrMUNT0-01621-00390780-00391038 complex has two upper stories and it
7YdhxrMUNT0-01622-00391039-00391212 shows evidence that four wings of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01623-00391213-00391353 cave were planned but these were
7YdhxrMUNT0-01624-00391354-00391539 abandoned and only the carved Buddha's
7YdhxrMUNT0-01625-00391540-00391692 on the right and left wall were
7YdhxrMUNT0-01626-00391693-00391950 completed the sculptures in cave 26 are
7YdhxrMUNT0-01627-00391951-00392208 elaborate and more intricate it is among
7YdhxrMUNT0-01628-00392209-00392388 the last caves excavated and an
7YdhxrMUNT0-01629-00392389-00392610 inscription suggests slate 5th or early
7YdhxrMUNT0-01630-00392611-00392916 6th century according to AH see the cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01631-00392917-00393129 consists of an apse idol hall with side
7YdhxrMUNT0-01632-00393130-00393342 aisles for circumambulation prediction
7YdhxrMUNT0-01633-00393343-00393615 ah this path is full of carved Buddhist
7YdhxrMUNT0-01634-00393616-00393825 legends three depictions of the miracle
7YdhxrMUNT0-01635-00393826-00394050 of sravasti in the right ambulatory side
7YdhxrMUNT0-01636-00394051-00394209 of the aisle and seated buddhas in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01637-00394210-00394482 various mudra many of these were added
7YdhxrMUNT0-01638-00394483-00394680 later by devotees and therefore are
7YdhxrMUNT0-01639-00394681-00394854 intrusive to the aims of the original
7YdhxrMUNT0-01640-00394855-00395124 planners the art work begins on the wall
7YdhxrMUNT0-01641-00395125-00395322 of the aisle immediately the left side
7YdhxrMUNT0-01642-00395323-00395601 of entrance the major artworks include
7YdhxrMUNT0-01643-00395602-00395829 the maha parinirvana of buddha reclining
7YdhxrMUNT0-01644-00395830-00395997 buddha on the wall followed by the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01645-00395998-00396243 legend called the temptations by mara
7YdhxrMUNT0-01646-00396244-00396531 the temptations include the seduction by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01647-00396532-00396705 Mara's daughters who are depicted below
7YdhxrMUNT0-01648-00396706-00396945 the meditating Buddha they are shown
7YdhxrMUNT0-01649-00396946-00397125 scantily dressed and in seductive
7YdhxrMUNT0-01650-00397126-00397305 postures while on both the left and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01651-00397306-00397482 right side of the Buddha are armies of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01652-00397483-00397653 Mara attempting to distract him with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01653-00397654-00397797 noise and threatened him with violence
7YdhxrMUNT0-01654-00397798-00398094 in top right corner as the image of a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01655-00398095-00398298 dejected Mara frustrated by his failure
7YdhxrMUNT0-01656-00398299-00398523 to disturb the resolve or focus of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01657-00398524-00398709 ascetic Buddha at the center of the apse
7YdhxrMUNT0-01658-00398710-00398997 as a rock-cut stupa the stupa has an
7YdhxrMUNT0-01659-00398998-00399198 image of the Buddha on its front 18
7YdhxrMUNT0-01660-00399199-00399324 panels on its base
7YdhxrMUNT0-01661-00399325-00399354 8
7YdhxrMUNT0-01662-00399355-00399594 panels above bees a three-tiered tirana
7YdhxrMUNT0-01663-00399595-00399798 above him and Apsaras are carved on the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01664-00399799-00400113 anda hemispherical egg stupa on top of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01665-00400114-00400392 the dagoba as a 90 ramita a symbolism
7YdhxrMUNT0-01666-00400393-00400608 for the nine samsara buddhism heavens in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01667-00400609-00400917 mahayana cosmology the walls pillars
7YdhxrMUNT0-01668-00400918-00401085 brackets in the triforium are
7YdhxrMUNT0-01669-00401086-00401288 extensively carved with Buddhist themes
7YdhxrMUNT0-01670-00401289-00401550 many of the wall reliefs and images in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01671-00401551-00401757 this cave were badly damaged and have
7YdhxrMUNT0-01672-00401758-00401913 been restored as a part of the site
7YdhxrMUNT0-01673-00401914-00402201 conservation efforts between cave 26 and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01674-00402202-00402396 its left wing there is an inscription by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01675-00402397-00402564 a courtier of rashtrakuta non-tourage
7YdhxrMUNT0-01676-00402565-00402738 who is mentioned in the multi and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01677-00402739-00402978 Sangalo de plates from late 7th or early
7YdhxrMUNT0-01678-00402979-00403260 8th century it is the last inscription
7YdhxrMUNT0-01679-00403261-00403763 in ajahn de
7YdhxrMUNT0-01680-00403764-00404487 topic caves 27 28 and 29
7YdhxrMUNT0-01681-00404488-00404790 cave 27 is a monastery and it may have
7YdhxrMUNT0-01682-00404791-00405029 been planned as an attachment to cave 26
7YdhxrMUNT0-01683-00405030-00405291 it has damaged two stories with the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01684-00405292-00405584 upper level partially collapsed its plan
7YdhxrMUNT0-01685-00405585-00405884 is similar to other monasteries cave 28
7YdhxrMUNT0-01686-00405885-00406100 as an unfinished monastery partially
7YdhxrMUNT0-01687-00406101-00406314 excavated at the westernmost end of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01688-00406315-00406535 Ajanta complex and barely accessible
7YdhxrMUNT0-01689-00406536-00406808 cave 29 as an unfinished monastery at
7YdhxrMUNT0-01690-00406809-00406997 the highest level of the Ajanta complex
7YdhxrMUNT0-01691-00406998-00407210 apparently unnoticed when the initial
7YdhxrMUNT0-01692-00407211-00407412 numbering system was established and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01693-00407413-00407649 physically located between caves 20 and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01694-00407650-00408183 21
7YdhxrMUNT0-01695-00408184-00408685 topic cave 30
7YdhxrMUNT0-01696-00408686-00409030 in 1956 a landslide covered the footpath
7YdhxrMUNT0-01697-00409031-00409336 leading to cave 16 in the attempts to
7YdhxrMUNT0-01698-00409337-00409540 clear and restore the walkway a small
7YdhxrMUNT0-01699-00409541-00409743 aperture and votive stupa were noticed
7YdhxrMUNT0-01700-00409745-00409912 in the debris by the workers in a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01701-00409913-00410157 location near the stream bed further
7YdhxrMUNT0-01702-00410158-00410359 tracing and excavations led to a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01703-00410360-00410589 previously unknown Hinayana monastery
7YdhxrMUNT0-01704-00410591-00410818 cave dated to the 2nd and 1st century
7YdhxrMUNT0-01705-00410818-00411172 BCE cave the 30th of may actually be the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01706-00411172-00411468 oldest cave of the Ajanta complex it is
7YdhxrMUNT0-01707-00411470-00411862 a 3.6 6 meters by 3.6 six meters cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01708-00411863-00412096 with 3 cells each with two stone beds
7YdhxrMUNT0-01709-00412097-00412276 and stone pillows on the side of each
7YdhxrMUNT0-01710-00412277-00412560 cell the cell door lintels show lotus
7YdhxrMUNT0-01711-00412562-00412797 and garland carvings the cave has two
7YdhxrMUNT0-01712-00412799-00413026 inscriptions in an unknown script it
7YdhxrMUNT0-01713-00413027-00413242 also has a platform on its veranda with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01714-00413243-00413455 a fine view of the river ravine below in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01715-00413456-00413556 the forest cover
7YdhxrMUNT0-01716-00413557-00413835 according to Gupta and Mahajan this cave
7YdhxrMUNT0-01717-00413837-00414009 may have been closed at some point with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01718-00414010-00414207 large carefully carved pieces as it
7YdhxrMUNT0-01719-00414208-00414914 distracted the entrance view of cave 16
7YdhxrMUNT0-01720-00414914-00415482 topic other infrastructure
7YdhxrMUNT0-01721-00415483-00415797 over 80% of the Ajanta caves were vihara
7YdhxrMUNT0-01722-00415797-00415983 temporary traveler residences
7YdhxrMUNT0-01723-00415984-00416283 monasteries the designers and artisans
7YdhxrMUNT0-01724-00416284-00416433 who built these caves included
7YdhxrMUNT0-01725-00416434-00416646 facilities for collecting donations and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01726-00416647-00416847 storing grains and food for the visitors
7YdhxrMUNT0-01727-00416847-00417114 and monks many of the caves include
7YdhxrMUNT0-01728-00417114-00417330 large repositories cut into the floor
7YdhxrMUNT0-01729-00417331-00417570 the largest storage spaces are found
7YdhxrMUNT0-01730-00417571-00417834 States pink in the very commodious
7YdhxrMUNT0-01731-00417835-00418077 recesses in the shrines of both ajanta
7YdhxrMUNT0-01732-00418078-00418455 cave lower 6 and cave 11 these caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-01733-00418456-00418643 were probably chosen because of their
7YdhxrMUNT0-01734-00418645-00418830 relative convenience and the security
7YdhxrMUNT0-01735-00418831-00418989 they offered due to their higher level
7YdhxrMUNT0-01736-00418989-00419253 the choice of integrating covered vaults
7YdhxrMUNT0-01737-00419254-00419414 cut into the floor may have been driven
7YdhxrMUNT0-01738-00419416-00419604 by the need to provide sleeping space
7YdhxrMUNT0-01739-00419605-00420039 and logistical East topic copies of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01740-00420039-00420162 paintings the paintings have
7YdhxrMUNT0-01741-00420163-00420366 deteriorated significantly since they
7YdhxrMUNT0-01742-00420367-00420564 were rediscovered and a number of 19th
7YdhxrMUNT0-01743-00420564-00420732 century copies and drawings are
7YdhxrMUNT0-01744-00420733-00420903 important for a complete understanding
7YdhxrMUNT0-01745-00420904-00421170 of the works a number of attempts to
7YdhxrMUNT0-01746-00421171-00421383 copy the Ajanta paintings began in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01747-00421384-00421593 19th century for European and Japanese
7YdhxrMUNT0-01748-00421593-00421899 museums some of these works have later
7YdhxrMUNT0-01749-00421900-00422130 been lost in natural and fire disasters
7YdhxrMUNT0-01750-00422131-00422556 in 1846 for example major Robert Gill an
7YdhxrMUNT0-01751-00422557-00422793 Army officer from Madras Presidency and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01752-00422793-00422964 a painter was appointed by the Royal
7YdhxrMUNT0-01753-00422964-00423189 Asiatic Society to make copies of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01754-00423189-00423462 frescoes on the cave walls Gill worked
7YdhxrMUNT0-01755-00423463-00423722 on his painting at the site from 1844 to
7YdhxrMUNT0-01756-00423724-00424139 1863 he made 27 copies of large sections
7YdhxrMUNT0-01757-00424141-00424329 of murals but all but four were
7YdhxrMUNT0-01758-00424330-00424497 destroyed in a fire at the Crystal
7YdhxrMUNT0-01759-00424497-00424770 Palace in London in 1866 where they were
7YdhxrMUNT0-01760-00424771-00425060 on display Gill returned to the site and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01761-00425062-00425259 recommenced his labors replicating the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01762-00425260-00425610 murals until his death in 1875 another
7YdhxrMUNT0-01763-00425610-00425907 attempt was made in 1872 when the Bombay
7YdhxrMUNT0-01764-00425908-00426108 presidency commissioned John Griffiths
7YdhxrMUNT0-01765-00426109-00426272 to work with his students to make copies
7YdhxrMUNT0-01766-00426274-00426495 of ajanta paintings again for shipping
7YdhxrMUNT0-01767-00426496-00426756 to England they worked on this for 13
7YdhxrMUNT0-01768-00426757-00426957 years and some 300 canvases were
7YdhxrMUNT0-01769-00426958-00427167 produced many of which were displayed at
7YdhxrMUNT0-01770-00427168-00427368 the Imperial Institute on exhibition
7YdhxrMUNT0-01771-00427368-00427547 Road in London one of the foreigners of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01772-00427549-00427824 the Victoria and Albert Museum but in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01773-00427825-00428070 1885 another fire destroyed over a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01774-00428071-00428256 hundred of the paintings in storage in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01775-00428257-00428572 the wing of the museum the V&A still has
7YdhxrMUNT0-01776-00428574-00428866 166 paintings surviving from both set
7YdhxrMUNT0-01777-00428867-00428975 though none have been on permanent
7YdhxrMUNT0-01778-00428976-00429206 display since 1955
7YdhxrMUNT0-01779-00429207-00429439 the largest are some three times six
7YdhxrMUNT0-01780-00429440-00429697 meters a conservation project was
7YdhxrMUNT0-01781-00429698-00429964 undertaken on about half of them in 2006
7YdhxrMUNT0-01782-00429965-00430151 also involving the University of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01783-00430152-00430414 Northumbria Griffith and his students
7YdhxrMUNT0-01784-00430415-00430601 had unfortunately painted many of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01785-00430602-00430802 paintings with cheap varnish in order to
7YdhxrMUNT0-01786-00430803-00430988 make them easier to see which has added
7YdhxrMUNT0-01787-00430989-00431191 to the deterioration of the originals as
7YdhxrMUNT0-01788-00431192-00431429 has according to and others recent
7YdhxrMUNT0-01789-00431430-00431702 cleaning by the aussie a further set of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01790-00431703-00432043 copies were made between 1909 and 1910
7YdhxrMUNT0-01791-00432044-00432310 aheri home lady Haring him and a group
7YdhxrMUNT0-01792-00432312-00432497 of students from the calcutta school of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01793-00432497-00432685 art that included the future indian
7YdhxrMUNT0-01794-00432687-00432950 modernist painter nan de lobos the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01795-00432951-00433151 copies were published in full color as
7YdhxrMUNT0-01796-00433152-00433322 the first publication of London's
7YdhxrMUNT0-01797-00433322-00433595 fledgling India Society more than the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01798-00433596-00433781 earlier copies these aimed to fill in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01799-00433782-00433960 holes in damage to recreate the original
7YdhxrMUNT0-01800-00433962-00434177 condition rather than record the state
7YdhxrMUNT0-01801-00434178-00434353 of the paintings as she was seeing them
7YdhxrMUNT0-01802-00434354-00434588 according to one writer unlike the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01803-00434589-00434783 paintings created by her predecessors
7YdhxrMUNT0-01804-00434784-00434987 Griffiths and Gill whose copies were
7YdhxrMUNT0-01805-00434988-00435209 influenced by British Victorian styles
7YdhxrMUNT0-01806-00435210-00435368 of painting those of the Haring home
7YdhxrMUNT0-01807-00435368-00435533 expedition preferred an Indian
7YdhxrMUNT0-01808-00435534-00435689 renascence aesthetic of the type
7YdhxrMUNT0-01809-00435689-00435872 pioneered by abandoned reigneth Tagore
7YdhxrMUNT0-01810-00435872-00436097 early photographic surveys were made by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01811-00436097-00436285 Robert Gill who learned to use a camera
7YdhxrMUNT0-01812-00436287-00436550 from about 1856 and whose photos
7YdhxrMUNT0-01813-00436551-00436784 including some using stereoscopy were
7YdhxrMUNT0-01814-00436785-00437000 used in books by him in Ferguson many
7YdhxrMUNT0-01815-00437001-00437174 are available online from the British
7YdhxrMUNT0-01816-00437175-00437453 Library then Victor gol abou in 1911 and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01817-00437454-00437770 al Vasi who took the photos in the for
7YdhxrMUNT0-01818-00437771-00437989 volume study of the caves by gala Mia's
7YdhxrMUNT0-01819-00437990-00438395 Danny published 1930 to 1955 some
7YdhxrMUNT0-01820-00438396-00438605 slightly creative copies of a John des
7YdhxrMUNT0-01821-00438606-00438818 frescoes especially the painting of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01822-00438818-00438995 adoration of the Buddha from the shrine
7YdhxrMUNT0-01823-00438996-00439243 antechamber of cave 17 were commissioned
7YdhxrMUNT0-01824-00439244-00439643 by Thomas Holbein Henley 1847 to 1917
7YdhxrMUNT0-01825-00439643-00439820 for the decoration of the walls of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01826-00439821-00440041 hall of the Albert Hall Museum Jaipur
7YdhxrMUNT0-01827-00440042-00440351 India he had the work painted by a local
7YdhxrMUNT0-01828-00440352-00440581 artist variously named Murli or Murali
7YdhxrMUNT0-01829-00440582-00440860 the museum was open to the public in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01830-00440862-00441182 1887 this work is otherwise presented as
7YdhxrMUNT0-01831-00441183-00441380 characteristic of the end of the 19th
7YdhxrMUNT0-01832-00441381-00441674 century another attempt to make copies
7YdhxrMUNT0-01833-00441675-00441827 of the murals was made by the Japanese
7YdhxrMUNT0-01834-00441828-00442141 artist - RIE Campo Hwang Jin Kwon Fang
7YdhxrMUNT0-01835-00442142-00442208 18
7YdhxrMUNT0-01836-00442209-00442520 78 to 1945 after being invited by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01837-00442521-00442709 rabindranath tagore to India to teach
7YdhxrMUNT0-01838-00442710-00442976 Japanese painting techniques he worked
7YdhxrMUNT0-01839-00442977-00443153 on making copies with tracings on
7YdhxrMUNT0-01840-00443154-00443510 Japanese paper from 1916 to 1918 and his
7YdhxrMUNT0-01841-00443510-00443678 work was conserved at Tokyo Imperial
7YdhxrMUNT0-01842-00443679-00443939 University until the materials perished
7YdhxrMUNT0-01843-00443939-00444716 during the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake
7YdhxrMUNT0-01844-00444717-00445250 topic significance
7YdhxrMUNT0-01845-00445251-00445587 you
7YdhxrMUNT0-01846-00445588-00445957 topic natives society and culture in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01847-00445958-00446368 arts at Ajanta
7YdhxrMUNT0-01848-00446368-00446617 the agenda cave arts are a window into
7YdhxrMUNT0-01849-00446618-00446872 the culture society and religiosity of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01850-00446872-00447072 the native population of India between
7YdhxrMUNT0-01851-00447074-00447313 the second century BCE and 5th century
7YdhxrMUNT0-01852-00447314-00447604 CE II different scholars have variously
7YdhxrMUNT0-01853-00447605-00447789 interpreted them from the perspective of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01854-00447791-00448078 gender studies history sociology and the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01855-00448079-00448389 Anthropology of South Asia the dress the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01856-00448391-00448621 jewelry the gender relations the social
7YdhxrMUNT0-01857-00448622-00448852 activities depicted showcase at least a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01858-00448853-00449053 lifestyle of the royalty and elite and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01859-00449054-00449251 in others definitely the costumes of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01860-00449252-00449460 common man monks and rasheed depicted
7YdhxrMUNT0-01861-00449462-00449746 therein they shine light on life in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01862-00449747-00450046 India around mid 1st millennium CE II
7YdhxrMUNT0-01863-00450047-00450285 the Ajanta artworks provide a contrast
7YdhxrMUNT0-01864-00450287-00450475 between the spiritual life of monks who
7YdhxrMUNT0-01865-00450476-00450649 had given up all materialistic
7YdhxrMUNT0-01866-00450650-00450850 possessions versus the sensual life of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01867-00450851-00451021 those it considered materialistic
7YdhxrMUNT0-01868-00451022-00451246 luxurious symbols of wealth leisurely in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01869-00451247-00451539 high fashion many frescoes show scenes
7YdhxrMUNT0-01870-00451541-00451759 from shops festivals gestures at
7YdhxrMUNT0-01871-00451760-00451987 processions palaces and performance art
7YdhxrMUNT0-01872-00451988-00452281 pavilions these freezes share themes and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01873-00452282-00452518 details of those found in bar het Sanchi
7YdhxrMUNT0-01874-00452518-00452863 Amaravati Alaura bog i whole-body me and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01875-00452864-00453081 other archaeological sites in india
7YdhxrMUNT0-01876-00453082-00453360 agenda caves contributes to visual and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01877-00453362-00453535 descriptive sense of the ancient and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01878-00453535-00453697 early medieval Indian culture and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01879-00453697-00453922 artistic traditions particularly those
7YdhxrMUNT0-01880-00453922-00454234 around the Gupta Empire era period the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01881-00454235-00454474 early colonial era description of ajanta
7YdhxrMUNT0-01882-00454475-00454678 caves was largely Orientalist in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01883-00454679-00454837 critical in consistent with the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01884-00454838-00455058 Victorian values and stereotyping
7YdhxrMUNT0-01885-00455059-00455293 according to William Dalrymple the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01886-00455293-00455491 themes and arts in the agenda caves were
7YdhxrMUNT0-01887-00455492-00455656 puzzling to the 19th century
7YdhxrMUNT0-01888-00455657-00455959 Orientalists lacking the Asian cultural
7YdhxrMUNT0-01889-00455960-00456189 heritage and framework that sees nothing
7YdhxrMUNT0-01890-00456191-00456447 odd in the juxtaposition of monk and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01891-00456449-00456709 dancing girl and with no knowledge of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01892-00456710-00456964 Jataka tales or equivalent Indian fables
7YdhxrMUNT0-01893-00456964-00457192 they could not comprehend it they
7YdhxrMUNT0-01894-00457193-00457339 projected their own views and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01895-00457339-00457507 assumptions calling it something that
7YdhxrMUNT0-01896-00457508-00457726 lacks reason and rationale something
7YdhxrMUNT0-01897-00457727-00457888 that is meaningless crude representation
7YdhxrMUNT0-01898-00457889-00458139 of royalty and foreigners with mysticism
7YdhxrMUNT0-01899-00458141-00458218 and sensuousness
7YdhxrMUNT0-01900-00458218-00458464 the 19th century views and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01901-00458464-00458674 interpretations of the Ajanta caves were
7YdhxrMUNT0-01902-00458675-00458893 conditioned by ideas and assumptions in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01903-00458893-00459076 the colonial mind saw what they wanted
7YdhxrMUNT0-01904-00459077-00459259 to see to many who are unaware of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01905-00459260-00459430 premises of Indian religions in general
7YdhxrMUNT0-01906-00459431-00459643 and Buddhism in particular the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01907-00459643-00459766 significance of a John
7YdhxrMUNT0-01908-00459767-00459995 Caves has been like rest of Indian art
7YdhxrMUNT0-01909-00459996-00460258 according to Richard Cohen Ajanta caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-01910-00460259-00460453 to them has been yet another example of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01911-00460454-00460699 worship this stock or that stone or
7YdhxrMUNT0-01912-00460700-00461053 monstrous Idol in contrast to the Indian
7YdhxrMUNT0-01913-00461054-00461263 mind in the larger Buddhist community it
7YdhxrMUNT0-01914-00461264-00461452 is everything that are taught to be the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01915-00461453-00461664 religious and the secular the spiritual
7YdhxrMUNT0-01916-00461666-00461839 and the social fused to enlighten
7YdhxrMUNT0-01917-00461839-00462043 perfection according to Walter spanked
7YdhxrMUNT0-01918-00462043-00462259 one of the most respected art historians
7YdhxrMUNT0-01919-00462260-00462574 on Ajanta these caves were by 475 CG a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01920-00462575-00462775 much revered site to the Indians with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01921-00462776-00463072 throngs of travelers pilgrims monks and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01922-00463072-00463399 traders the site was vastly transformed
7YdhxrMUNT0-01923-00463400-00463585 into its current form in just 20 years
7YdhxrMUNT0-01924-00463585-00463987 between early 460 ce2 early for a BCE by
7YdhxrMUNT0-01925-00463988-00464254 regional architects and artisans this
7YdhxrMUNT0-01926-00464255-00464514 accomplishment states pink makes Ajanta
7YdhxrMUNT0-01927-00464516-00464731 one of the most remarkable creative
7YdhxrMUNT0-01928-00464732-00465393 achievements in men's history
7YdhxrMUNT0-01929-00465395-00465667 topic foreigners in the paintings of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01930-00465668-00466033 Ajanta
7YdhxrMUNT0-01931-00466034-00466234 the agenda caves painting are a
7YdhxrMUNT0-01932-00466235-00466425 significant source of socio-economic
7YdhxrMUNT0-01933-00466426-00466612 information in ancient India
7YdhxrMUNT0-01934-00466613-00466795 particularly in relation to the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01935-00466796-00466963 interactions of India with foreign
7YdhxrMUNT0-01936-00466964-00467113 cultures at the time most of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01937-00467114-00467272 paintings were made in the 5th century
7YdhxrMUNT0-01938-00467272-00467587 CE II depictions of foreigners abound
7YdhxrMUNT0-01939-00467588-00467821 according to spanked agendas paintings
7YdhxrMUNT0-01940-00467822-00468097 are filled with such foreign types they
7YdhxrMUNT0-01941-00468097-00468241 have sometimes been a source of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01942-00468242-00468430 misinterpretation as in the so called
7YdhxrMUNT0-01943-00468431-00468754 Persian embassy scene these foreigners
7YdhxrMUNT0-01944-00468755-00468943 may reflect the sasanian merchants
7YdhxrMUNT0-01945-00468943-00469099 visitors and the flourishing trade
7YdhxrMUNT0-01946-00469100-00469443 routes of the day the so called Persian
7YdhxrMUNT0-01947-00469445-00469831 embassy scene cave one for example shows
7YdhxrMUNT0-01948-00469832-00470017 a mural fresco with characters with
7YdhxrMUNT0-01949-00470018-00470233 foreigner faces or dresses the so called
7YdhxrMUNT0-01950-00470234-00470547 Persian embassy scene this scene is
7YdhxrMUNT0-01951-00470549-00470707 located at the right of the entrance
7YdhxrMUNT0-01952-00470708-00470964 door upon entering the hall according to
7YdhxrMUNT0-01953-00470966-00471213 spank James Ferguson a 19th century
7YdhxrMUNT0-01954-00471214-00471472 architectural historian had decided that
7YdhxrMUNT0-01955-00471472-00471655 this scene correspondent to the Persian
7YdhxrMUNT0-01956-00471656-00471937 ambassador in 625 C II to the court of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01957-00471938-00472129 the Hindu Shah Luka King Pollock kesh in
7YdhxrMUNT0-01958-00472130-00472375 the second an alternate theory has been
7YdhxrMUNT0-01959-00472376-00472570 that the fresco represents a Hindu
7YdhxrMUNT0-01960-00472571-00472768 ambassador visiting the Persian King
7YdhxrMUNT0-01961-00472768-00473095 Khusrau ii in 625 c ii a theory that
7YdhxrMUNT0-01962-00473096-00473322 ferguson disagreed with these
7YdhxrMUNT0-01963-00473324-00473551 assumptions by colonial British era art
7YdhxrMUNT0-01964-00473552-00473737 historians states pink and other
7YdhxrMUNT0-01965-00473738-00473920 scholars has been responsible for
7YdhxrMUNT0-01966-00473921-00474088 wrongly dating this painting to the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01967-00474089-00474264 seventh century when in fact this
7YdhxrMUNT0-01968-00474266-00474478 reflects an incomplete heresy 'no arab
7YdhxrMUNT0-01969-00474479-00474664 painting of a Jataka tale the maha
7YdhxrMUNT0-01970-00474664-00474904 Sudarsana Jataka with the representation
7YdhxrMUNT0-01971-00474905-00475110 of trade between india and distant lands
7YdhxrMUNT0-01972-00475112-00475293 such as sasanian near east that was
7YdhxrMUNT0-01973-00475295-00475564 common by the 5th century international
7YdhxrMUNT0-01974-00475564-00475914 trade growth of buddhism the cave one
7YdhxrMUNT0-01975-00475916-00476104 has several frescoes with characters
7YdhxrMUNT0-01976-00476105-00476397 with foreigner faces or dresses similar
7YdhxrMUNT0-01977-00476399-00476578 depictions are found in the paintings of
7YdhxrMUNT0-01978-00476579-00476868 cave 17 such murals States Pia
7YdhxrMUNT0-01979-00476870-00477103 Brancaccio suggests a prosperous and
7YdhxrMUNT0-01980-00477104-00477292 multicultural society in 5th century
7YdhxrMUNT0-01981-00477293-00477496 India active in international trade
7YdhxrMUNT0-01982-00477497-00477775 these also suggest that this trade was
7YdhxrMUNT0-01983-00477776-00477960 economically important enough to the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01984-00477962-00478150 Deccan region that the artists chose to
7YdhxrMUNT0-01985-00478151-00478335 include it with precision additional
7YdhxrMUNT0-01986-00478337-00478539 evidence of international trade includes
7YdhxrMUNT0-01987-00478541-00478764 the use of the blue lapis lazuli pigment
7YdhxrMUNT0-01988-00478766-00478924 to depict foreigners in the Ajanta
7YdhxrMUNT0-01989-00478925-00479116 paintings which must have been imported
7YdhxrMUNT0-01990-00479117-00479291 from Afghanistan or
7YdhxrMUNT0-01991-00479292-00479609 it also suggests states Brancaccio that
7YdhxrMUNT0-01992-00479610-00479791 the Buddhist monastic world was closely
7YdhxrMUNT0-01993-00479792-00479975 connected with trading guilds in the
7YdhxrMUNT0-01994-00479976-00480227 court culture in this period a small
7YdhxrMUNT0-01995-00480228-00480439 number of seams show foreigners drinking
7YdhxrMUNT0-01996-00480441-00480770 wine in caves 1 & 2 some show foreign
7YdhxrMUNT0-01997-00480771-00480929 Near East Kings with wine in their
7YdhxrMUNT0-01998-00480930-00480983 retinue
7YdhxrMUNT0-01999-00480984-00481195 which presumably add to the general
7YdhxrMUNT0-02000-00481196-00481489 regal emphasis of the cave according to
7YdhxrMUNT0-02001-00481491-00481718 Brancaccio the agenda paintings show a
7YdhxrMUNT0-02002-00481718-00481958 variety of colorful delicate textiles
7YdhxrMUNT0-02003-00481959-00482258 and women making cotton textile probably
7YdhxrMUNT0-02004-00482259-00482447 was one of the major exports to foreign
7YdhxrMUNT0-02005-00482447-00482695 lands along with gems these were
7YdhxrMUNT0-02006-00482696-00482893 exported first through the Red Sea and
7YdhxrMUNT0-02007-00482894-00483083 later through the Persian Gulf thereby
7YdhxrMUNT0-02008-00483084-00483272 bringing a period of economic and
7YdhxrMUNT0-02009-00483272-00483460 cultural exchange between the Indians
7YdhxrMUNT0-02010-00483462-00483659 the sasanian empire and the Persian
7YdhxrMUNT0-02011-00483660-00483857 merchants before Islam was founded in
7YdhxrMUNT0-02012-00483858-00484127 the Arabian Peninsula while scholars
7YdhxrMUNT0-02013-00484128-00484295 generally agree that these murals
7YdhxrMUNT0-02014-00484296-00484516 confirm trade and cultural connections
7YdhxrMUNT0-02015-00484517-00484735 between India and sasanian West their
7YdhxrMUNT0-02016-00484737-00484955 specific significance and interpretation
7YdhxrMUNT0-02017-00484956-00485314 varies Brancaccio for example suggests
7YdhxrMUNT0-02018-00485316-00485504 that the ship in jars in them probably
7YdhxrMUNT0-02019-00485505-00485678 reflect foreign ships carrying wine
7YdhxrMUNT0-02020-00485679-00485993 imported to India in contrast sling
7YdhxrMUNT0-02021-00485993-00486188 Hough interprets the jars to be holding
7YdhxrMUNT0-02022-00486189-00486391 water and ships shown as Indian ships
7YdhxrMUNT0-02023-00486392-00486605 used in international trade similar
7YdhxrMUNT0-02024-00486606-00486785 depictions are found in the paintings of
7YdhxrMUNT0-02025-00486785-00487055 cave 17 but this time in direct relation
7YdhxrMUNT0-02026-00487056-00487355 to the worship of the buddha in cave 17
7YdhxrMUNT0-02027-00487356-00487541 a painting of the Buddha descending from
7YdhxrMUNT0-02028-00487542-00487727 the Tres drum set heaven shows he being
7YdhxrMUNT0-02029-00487728-00487970 attended by many foreigners many
7YdhxrMUNT0-02030-00487971-00488132 foreigners in this painting are thus
7YdhxrMUNT0-02031-00488133-00488285 shown as listeners to the Buddhist
7YdhxrMUNT0-02032-00488285-00488572 Dharma the ethnic diversity is depicted
7YdhxrMUNT0-02033-00488573-00488762 in the painting in the clothes captain's
7YdhxrMUNT0-02034-00488763-00489032 sasanian helmets round caps perrito's
7YdhxrMUNT0-02035-00489033-00489289 and skin colors in the visiting terra
7YdhxrMUNT0-02036-00489291-00489470 Jataka of cave 17
7YdhxrMUNT0-02037-00489471-00489656 according to Brancaccio the scene
7YdhxrMUNT0-02038-00489657-00489854 probably shows a servant from Central
7YdhxrMUNT0-02039-00489855-00490066 Asia holding a foreign metal or while a
7YdhxrMUNT0-02040-00490067-00490277 dark complexioned servant holds a cup to
7YdhxrMUNT0-02041-00490278-00490541 an amorous couple in another painting in
7YdhxrMUNT0-02042-00490542-00490772 cave 17 relating to the conversion of
7YdhxrMUNT0-02043-00490772-00490985 nanda a man possibly from north east
7YdhxrMUNT0-02044-00490985-00491234 africa appears as a servant these
7YdhxrMUNT0-02045-00491235-00491485 representations show states Brancaccio
7YdhxrMUNT0-02046-00491487-00491641 that the artists were familiar with
7YdhxrMUNT0-02047-00491642-00491920 people of sogdia Central Asia Persia and
7YdhxrMUNT0-02048-00491921-00492239 possibly East Africa another hypothesis
7YdhxrMUNT0-02049-00492239-00492422 is offered by you Padilla who states
7YdhxrMUNT0-02050-00492422-00492581 that the artists who built a John des
7YdhxrMUNT0-02051-00492582-00492664 caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-02052-00492666-00493356 very probably included foreigners
7YdhxrMUNT0-02053-00493357-00493856 topic preservation
7YdhxrMUNT0-02054-00493857-00494075 paintings and the cave artwork have
7YdhxrMUNT0-02055-00494076-00494282 become eroded due to decay and human
7YdhxrMUNT0-02056-00494283-00494585 interference therefore many areas of the
7YdhxrMUNT0-02057-00494585-00494810 painted walls ceilings and pillars are
7YdhxrMUNT0-02058-00494810-00495074 fragmentary the painted narratives of
7YdhxrMUNT0-02059-00495075-00495284 the Jataka tales are depicted only on
7YdhxrMUNT0-02060-00495285-00495472 the walls which demanded the special
7YdhxrMUNT0-02061-00495474-00495707 attention of the devotees they are
7YdhxrMUNT0-02062-00495708-00495910 didactic in nature meant to inform the
7YdhxrMUNT0-02063-00495912-00496082 community about the Buddhist teachings
7YdhxrMUNT0-02064-00496083-00496243 and life through successive reverse
7YdhxrMUNT0-02065-00496243-00496502 their placement on the walls required
7YdhxrMUNT0-02066-00496503-00496679 the devotee to walk through the aisles
7YdhxrMUNT0-02067-00496680-00496850 and read the narratives depicted in
7YdhxrMUNT0-02068-00496851-00497138 various episodes the narrative episodes
7YdhxrMUNT0-02069-00497139-00497339 are depicted one after another although
7YdhxrMUNT0-02070-00497339-00497552 not in a linear order their
7YdhxrMUNT0-02071-00497553-00497759 identification has been a core area of
7YdhxrMUNT0-02072-00497760-00497963 research since the site's discovery in
7YdhxrMUNT0-02073-00497964-00498558 1819
7YdhxrMUNT0-02074-00498559-00499179 topic impact on modern paintings
7YdhxrMUNT0-02075-00499180-00499437 the agenda paintings or more likely the
7YdhxrMUNT0-02076-00499438-00499638 general style they come from influenced
7YdhxrMUNT0-02077-00499639-00499833 painting in Tibet and Sri Lanka the
7YdhxrMUNT0-02078-00499834-00500037 rediscovery of ancient Indian paintings
7YdhxrMUNT0-02079-00500038-00500232 at Ajanta provided Indian artists
7YdhxrMUNT0-02080-00500233-00500447 examples from ancient India to follow
7YdhxrMUNT0-02081-00500447-00500688 Nandalal Bo's experimented with
7YdhxrMUNT0-02082-00500689-00500883 techniques to follow the ancient style
7YdhxrMUNT0-02083-00500884-00501057 which allowed him to develop his unique
7YdhxrMUNT0-02084-00501058-00501116 style
7YdhxrMUNT0-02085-00501117-00501399 avanindra Nath Tagore and syed vagitine
7YdhxrMUNT0-02086-00501400-00501606 also used the Ajanta paintings for
7YdhxrMUNT0-02087-00501607-00502175 inspiration
7YdhxrMUNT0-02088-00502176-00502716 topic see also
7YdhxrMUNT0-02089-00502717-00503191 dah receive caves barabar caves Shivling
7YdhxrMUNT0-02090-00503192-00503245 e caves
7YdhxrMUNT0-02091-00503246-00503677 Amba Joe guy dambulla cave temple equals
7YdhxrMUNT0-02092-00503678-00503946 equals notes
7Yek91YI65g-00001-00004519-00005499 [Music]
7Yek91YI65g-00002-00005500-00006238 [Music]
7Yek91YI65g-00003-00006239-00007552 [Music]
7Yek91YI65g-00004-00007553-00009190 [Music]
7YI-ssc-kk4-00000-00000129-00000633 welcome to Tarr 10.5 for the objective
7YI-ssc-kk4-00001-00000634-00001079 to find the molar mass of an unknown gas
7YI-ssc-kk4-00002-00001080-00001545 the gas should behave ideally to
7YI-ssc-kk4-00003-00001546-00001848 calculate the mass is given the volume
7YI-ssc-kk4-00004-00001848-00002393 of temperature and pressure first we are
7YI-ssc-kk4-00005-00002394-00002787 transforming Li unit the mask and love
7YI-ssc-kk4-00006-00002788-00003245 them till the 500 milliliter corresponds
7YI-ssc-kk4-00007-00003246-00003779 to a half liter factor of 1000 to
7YI-ssc-kk4-00008-00003779-00004259 convert degrees Celsius to Kelvin we
7YI-ssc-kk4-00009-00004260-00004609 need the formula K equals degrees
7YI-ssc-kk4-00010-00004610-00005489 Celsius plus 273.15 from this follows K
7YI-ssc-kk4-00011-00005490-00006234 equals 37 plus 273 point one five equals
7YI-ssc-kk4-00012-00006235-00006627 three hundred and ten point one five the
7YI-ssc-kk4-00013-00006628-00007059 pressure is given in the unit for one
7YI-ssc-kk4-00014-00007059-00007452 four is equal to one divided by seven
7YI-ssc-kk4-00015-00007453-00007775 hundred and 60 atmospheres one
7YI-ssc-kk4-00016-00007776-00008502 atmosphere is equal to 1.01325 bars this
7YI-ssc-kk4-00017-00008503-00009147 is the one for equal to 1.01325 divided
7YI-ssc-kk4-00018-00009148-00009572 by seven hundred and sixty bars
7YI-ssc-kk4-00019-00009573-00009927 calculated that one four is equal to one
7YI-ssc-kk4-00020-00009928-00010349 divided by seven hundred and fifty bars
7YI-ssc-kk4-00021-00010350-00010746 we have to make these conversions in
7YI-ssc-kk4-00022-00010747-00011241 order to be able to calculate easily now
7YI-ssc-kk4-00023-00011242-00011706 the actual bill the first is the ideal
7YI-ssc-kk4-00024-00011707-00011939 gas equation
7YI-ssc-kk4-00025-00011940-00012289 secondly we convert the equation
7YI-ssc-kk4-00026-00012290-00012656 according to the quantity of matter the
7YI-ssc-kk4-00027-00012657-00012957 masses the quotient is the mass and the
7YI-ssc-kk4-00028-00012958-00013338 molar last will you also replace the
7YI-ssc-kk4-00029-00013338-00013769 masses by mass divided by molar mass
7YI-ssc-kk4-00030-00013769-00014225 thirdly the last equation is the molar
7YI-ssc-kk4-00031-00014226-00014772 mass now we have only the value to you
7YI-ssc-kk4-00032-00014772-00015125 the result is one hundred and thirty one
7YI-ssc-kk4-00033-00015126-00015552 point five one gram per mole thanks for
7YI-ssc-kk4-00034-00015553-00015828 watching
7bML58y3rr4-00000-00000097-00000419 what those acronyms are are really the
7bML58y3rr4-00001-00000420-00000638 names of different national modeling
7bML58y3rr4-00002-00000639-00000965 teams so there are very few countries
7bML58y3rr4-00003-00000966-00001291 that have the capability to have more
7bML58y3rr4-00004-00001292-00001489 than one group creating a climate model
7bML58y3rr4-00005-00001490-00001832 some countries do Japan has a couple I
7bML58y3rr4-00006-00001832-00002123 think the US says a few different teams
7bML58y3rr4-00007-00002124-00002447 that tend to collaborate together but
7bML58y3rr4-00008-00002448-00002648 many countries have their own modeling
7bML58y3rr4-00009-00002649-00002858 capability so there are many different
7bML58y3rr4-00010-00002859-00003071 global climate modeling groups around
7bML58y3rr4-00011-00003072-00003374 the world and they name their global
7bML58y3rr4-00012-00003375-00003734 climate models after their research
7bML58y3rr4-00013-00003735-00003926 institute or where they're from so a
7bML58y3rr4-00014-00003927-00004286 CSIRO climate model means that that's a
7bML58y3rr4-00015-00004287-00004550 climate model that's built in Australia
7bML58y3rr4-00016-00004551-00004954 and run in Australia and doesn't mean
7bML58y3rr4-00017-00004955-00005129 that it you know can only be used in
7bML58y3rr4-00018-00005130-00005413 Australia because its global CCM is a
7bML58y3rr4-00019-00005414-00005717 u.s. community climate I don't know I
7bML58y3rr4-00020-00005718-00005906 lose track of some of the acronyms and
7bML58y3rr4-00021-00005907-00006086 some of them are very similar there's a
7bML58y3rr4-00022-00006087-00006388 CCM that I think is the u.s. community
7bML58y3rr4-00023-00006389-00006617 model which means different universities
7bML58y3rr4-00024-00006618-00006809 collaborate to build the model and then
7bML58y3rr4-00025-00006809-00007084 there's a Canadian model which is a ccsm
7bML58y3rr4-00026-00007086-00007277 or something so it can be a real
7bML58y3rr4-00027-00007278-00007520 alphabet soup of who these what these
7bML58y3rr4-00028-00007520-00007723 models are but the important thing to
7bML58y3rr4-00029-00007725-00007948 know is it's just telling you that it's
7bML58y3rr4-00030-00007950-00008371 whose model it is and you should usually
7bML58y3rr4-00031-00008372-00008588 use multiple models so in some sense
7bML58y3rr4-00032-00008589-00008867 it's not so important to remember which
7bML58y3rr4-00033-00008868-00009178 acronym stands for what country but it
7bML58y3rr4-00034-00009179-00009506 can be important because models that are
7bML58y3rr4-00035-00009507-00009914 run for the southern hemisphere tend to
7bML58y3rr4-00036-00009915-00010148 be more accurate for southern hemisphere
7bML58y3rr4-00037-00010149-00010403 phenomena there's some uncoupling across
7bML58y3rr4-00038-00010404-00010660 the equator of climate phenomena and
7bML58y3rr4-00039-00010661-00010898 that's reproduced in these models so
7bML58y3rr4-00040-00010899-00011162 when you have a modeling team that's
7bML58y3rr4-00041-00011163-00011348 based in the southern hemisphere like in
7bML58y3rr4-00042-00011349-00011645 Australia or in Brazil they're likely to
7bML58y3rr4-00043-00011646-00011860 do a global model that gets the southern
7bML58y3rr4-00044-00011861-00012026 hemisphere a little bit better than the
7bML58y3rr4-00045-00012027-00012263 northern hemisphere and if you're
7bML58y3rr4-00046-00012264-00012416 modeling team in the northern hemisphere
7bML58y3rr4-00047-00012417-00012739 in Canada or the US or the UK your
7bML58y3rr4-00048-00012740-00012929 models going to get the northern
7bML58y3rr4-00049-00012930-00013151 hemisphere a little bit better than it
7bML58y3rr4-00050-00013152-00013280 gets the southern hemisphere
7bML58y3rr4-00051-00013281-00013547 and that's not necessarily because they
7bML58y3rr4-00052-00013547-00013718 want it to be that way but it's because
7bML58y3rr4-00053-00013719-00013925 none of the models get the coupling
7bML58y3rr4-00054-00013926-00014254 across the equator very well so and
7bML58y3rr4-00055-00014255-00014497 because of where their base the models
7bML58y3rr4-00056-00014498-00014722 are going to want to look better where
7bML58y3rr4-00057-00014723-00014843 they are they don't want to be showing a
7bML58y3rr4-00058-00014844-00015029 politician their model that doesn't look
7bML58y3rr4-00059-00015030-00015241 very good for Australia or doesn't look
7bML58y3rr4-00060-00015243-00015472 very good for the US just to make it
7bML58y3rr4-00061-00015473-00015647 look better everywhere around the world
7bML58y3rr4-00062-00015647-00015922 that's a bit about what we're like what
7bML58y3rr4-00063-00015923-00016052 we were talking about with the satellite
7bML58y3rr4-00064-00016053-00016268 imagery whereas if we tune it for
7bML58y3rr4-00065-00016269-00016460 Ethiopia it's probably not going to look
7bML58y3rr4-00066-00016461-00016613 very good for somewhere in South America
7bML58y3rr4-00067-00016614-00016880 and if we make it averaged out so it's
7bML58y3rr4-00068-00016881-00017039 pretty good everywhere in the world it's
7bML58y3rr4-00069-00017040-00017180 probably not going to look particularly
7bML58y3rr4-00070-00017181-00017396 great in Ethiopia well we have that same
7bML58y3rr4-00071-00017397-00017672 sort of problem in climate modeling so
7bML58y3rr4-00072-00017673-00017905 that's a long answer to say that the
7bML58y3rr4-00073-00017906-00018100 only time you really need to worry about
7bML58y3rr4-00074-00018101-00018394 where these models are from is if you're
7bML58y3rr4-00075-00018395-00018578 in a different hemisphere than they are
7bML58y3rr4-00076-00018579-00018836 so you know if you're in the southern
7bML58y3rr4-00077-00018837-00019088 hemisphere which were not you might want
7bML58y3rr4-00078-00019089-00019271 to say well i'm going to use Brazilian
7bML58y3rr4-00079-00019272-00019541 and I stop I'll be sure to use Brazilian
7bML58y3rr4-00080-00019542-00019730 and Australian models because they may
7bML58y3rr4-00081-00019731-00019916 reproduce the southern hemisphere better
7bML58y3rr4-00082-00019917-00020138 than some of these European or their
7bML58y3rr4-00083-00020139-00020422 North American models and conversely a
7bML58y3rr4-00084-00020423-00020771 lot of studies in the US then use us or
7bML58y3rr4-00085-00020772-00020963 canadian models but they often also try
7bML58y3rr4-00086-00020964-00021203 and use australian or brazilian models
7bML58y3rr4-00087-00021204-00021383 to balance out so that this imbalance
7bML58y3rr4-00088-00021384-00021634 across the equator gets used so you will
7bML58y3rr4-00089-00021635-00021953 see lots and lots of these acronyms if
7bML58y3rr4-00090-00021954-00022159 you deal with any sort of climate change
7bML58y3rr4-00091-00022160-00022442 modeling and certainly true as well of
7bML58y3rr4-00092-00022443-00022747 modeling species and people now believe
7bML58y3rr4-00093-00022748-00023159 that the more climate models you use the
7bML58y3rr4-00094-00023160-00023399 better result you get so people are
7bML58y3rr4-00095-00023400-00023764 using 20 or 30 different climate models
7bML58y3rr4-00096-00023765-00024143 to get their their biological results
7bML58y3rr4-00097-00024144-00024416 often and that means you've got 20 or 30
7bML58y3rr4-00098-00024417-00024668 different acronyms out there so don't
7bML58y3rr4-00099-00024669-00024809 let the acronyms bother you it just
7bML58y3rr4-00100-00024810-00025019 means different national modelling teams
7bML58y3rr4-00101-00025020-00025193 and we're using a lot of different
7bML58y3rr4-00102-00025194-00025490 climate models ok so our images back up
7bML58y3rr4-00103-00025491-00025730 here we are in the present the red map
7bML58y3rr4-00104-00025731-00025937 indicates where the model says the
7bML58y3rr4-00105-00025938-00026192 species currently has suitable climate
7bML58y3rr4-00106-00026193-00026339 Luke yes
7bML58y3rr4-00107-00026341-00026635 this morning takes the future
7bML58y3rr4-00108-00026636-00026956 distribution of the auspicious methods
7bML58y3rr4-00109-00026957-00027345 in your current some species are
7bML58y3rr4-00110-00027345-00027639 temperature sensitive so maybe the
7bML58y3rr4-00111-00027641-00027901 temperature is changed so they may be
7bML58y3rr4-00112-00027902-00028245 shift job here and this is what you may
7bML58y3rr4-00113-00028247-00028681 tell us so can the moon in this us
7bML58y3rr4-00114-00028682-00028977 what exactly the species found and
7bML58y3rr4-00115-00028979-00029358 whether they leave that video not right
7bML58y3rr4-00116-00029360-00029557 so that's exactly what we want to look
7bML58y3rr4-00117-00029558-00029824 at so the question is can these models
7bML58y3rr4-00118-00029825-00030031 tell you where the species is found the
7bML58y3rr4-00119-00030032-00030289 species has its own climatic tolerances
7bML58y3rr4-00120-00030289-00030568 so as conditions change the species is
7bML58y3rr4-00121-00030569-00030895 likely to move to track those suitable
7bML58y3rr4-00122-00030895-00031147 climatic conditions so we'll talk about
7bML58y3rr4-00123-00031148-00031395 that that's the fundamental principle of
7bML58y3rr4-00124-00031397-00031620 climate change biology and we'll talk
7bML58y3rr4-00125-00031622-00031789 more about that when we go into more
7bML58y3rr4-00126-00031789-00032008 depth but for this just important to
7bML58y3rr4-00127-00032008-00032230 know that yes that's exactly right the
7bML58y3rr4-00128-00032231-00032401 species is going to have climatic
7bML58y3rr4-00129-00032402-00032719 tolerances and as climate changes will
7bML58y3rr4-00130-00032720-00032899 see a change in where we expect the
7bML58y3rr4-00131-00032900-00033145 species to be and that's why we take the
7bML58y3rr4-00132-00033146-00033319 information from the global climate
7bML58y3rr4-00133-00033320-00033565 model put it into the species model or
7bML58y3rr4-00134-00033566-00033880 niche model and then ask where where
7bML58y3rr4-00135-00033881-00034134 might the species be in the future and
7bML58y3rr4-00136-00034135-00034366 for the future right now we're going to
7bML58y3rr4-00137-00034367-00034594 think about 2050 so these models I'll
7bML58y3rr4-00138-00034595-00034873 show or for 2050 sometimes people do
7bML58y3rr4-00139-00034874-00035161 into the century like 20 80 but this is
7bML58y3rr4-00140-00035162-00035503 a good you know 30 40 years from now are
7bML58y3rr4-00141-00035504-00035725 the simulated climates we're dealing
7bML58y3rr4-00142-00035726-00036160 with and so that looks like this and so
7bML58y3rr4-00143-00036161-00036364 you were mentioning that the species may
7bML58y3rr4-00144-00036365-00036571 try and track suitable climate as things
7bML58y3rr4-00145-00036572-00036916 warm well that's exactly the case and we
7bML58y3rr4-00146-00036917-00037105 see at least in this part of the species
7bML58y3rr4-00147-00037106-00037339 range that it's moving from these low
7bML58y3rr4-00148-00037340-00037594 lunge up into the Cape fold mountains
7bML58y3rr4-00149-00037595-00037810 this is about where that corner of the L
7bML58y3rr4-00150-00037811-00038050 is and the Cape fold mountains so one
7bML58y3rr4-00151-00038051-00038209 part of the mountains going this way one
7bML58y3rr4-00152-00038210-00038413 part is going this way and this species
7bML58y3rr4-00153-00038414-00038713 is going up into that corner of the Cape
7bML58y3rr4-00154-00038714-00038935 fold mountains and it's going up because
7bML58y3rr4-00155-00038936-00039334 it wants to track its suitable climate
7bML58y3rr4-00156-00039335-00039604 as conditions warm now it may be
7bML58y3rr4-00157-00039605-00039847 responding to precipitation as well but
7bML58y3rr4-00158-00039848-00040090 a lot of this upslope shift would be due
7bML58y3rr4-00159-00040091-00040534 to temperature effect town yes yes so
7bML58y3rr4-00160-00040535-00040783 let's go back and forth between present
7bML58y3rr4-00161-00040784-00041126 and future
7bML58y3rr4-00162-00041127-00041370 ok there's present i'll just do this a
7bML58y3rr4-00163-00041371-00041730 couple of times and and just to preview
7bML58y3rr4-00164-00041731-00041886 where we're going with this so this is
7bML58y3rr4-00165-00041887-00042339 red isn't current futures 2050 in this
7bML58y3rr4-00166-00042340-00042585 okay so we're seeing two time steps
7bML58y3rr4-00167-00042586-00043347 present future present future
7bML58y3rr4-00168-00043348-00043521 the next thing we're going to do is
7bML58y3rr4-00169-00043522-00043758 break it up into smaller time steps and
7bML58y3rr4-00170-00043759-00043959 ask where it might be in each step along
7bML58y3rr4-00171-00043960-00044193 the way so instead of just having two
7bML58y3rr4-00172-00044194-00044370 points we're going to have five points
7bML58y3rr4-00173-00044371-00044933 it'll go present 2020 2030 2040 2050 and
7bML58y3rr4-00174-00044934-00045186 you'll see how that works so just
7bML58y3rr4-00175-00045187-00045426 visualize how this is working with just
7bML58y3rr4-00176-00045427-00045654 two endpoints and then we'll add some
7bML58y3rr4-00177-00045655-00045864 other points along the way so we can see
7bML58y3rr4-00178-00045865-00046346 how a species may react decade by decade
7bML58y3rr4-00179-00046347-00047035 there's a question I think tonight
7bML58y3rr4-00180-00047036-00047198 she's gonna shoot
7bML58y3rr4-00181-00047199-00047645 fire Blastoise president
7bML58y3rr4-00182-00047646-00048045 aha why why is it going south instead of
7bML58y3rr4-00183-00048046-00048548 north yeah exactly so the question is we
7bML58y3rr4-00184-00048549-00048705 were thinking that it would be going to
7bML58y3rr4-00185-00048706-00048917 higher latitudes why don't we see more
7bML58y3rr4-00186-00048918-00049340 of that well two things to be clear
7bML58y3rr4-00187-00049341-00049485 about is that this is the southern
7bML58y3rr4-00188-00049486-00049745 hemisphere now so that moving towards
7bML58y3rr4-00189-00049746-00050217 the pole will be to the south so we're
7bML58y3rr4-00190-00050218-00050442 seeing I think some of that shift if we
7bML58y3rr4-00191-00050443-00050693 look at this here's the present
7bML58y3rr4-00192-00050694-00051064 distribution and here's the future so
7bML58y3rr4-00193-00051065-00051514 the southernmost point of this species
7bML58y3rr4-00194-00051515-00051821 suitability hasn't gone very far south
7bML58y3rr4-00195-00051822-00051975 there's a little bit over here you can
7bML58y3rr4-00196-00051976-00052121 see so there's been a little bit of
7bML58y3rr4-00197-00052122-00052323 movement south but there's been a lot of
7bML58y3rr4-00198-00052324-00052659 loss to the north and that's because
7bML58y3rr4-00199-00052660-00052950 it's cooler here and warmer there so
7bML58y3rr4-00200-00052951-00053156 it's things warm the species is going to
7bML58y3rr4-00201-00053157-00053417 move towards the pole towards cooler
7bML58y3rr4-00202-00053419-00053640 conditions if it was north of the
7bML58y3rr4-00203-00053641-00053790 Equator it'd be going the other way
7bML58y3rr4-00204-00053791-00054237 right so you know in the u.s. we have to
7bML58y3rr4-00205-00054238-00054411 always stop ourselves because we're in
7bML58y3rr4-00206-00054412-00054597 the northern hemisphere and we tend to
7bML58y3rr4-00207-00054598-00054767 say the species is going to move north
7bML58y3rr4-00208-00054769-00055050 and upslope well in the northern
7bML58y3rr4-00209-00055051-00055175 hemisphere that's right but in the
7bML58y3rr4-00210-00055176-00055416 southern hemisphere that's wrong the
7bML58y3rr4-00211-00055416-00055596 species in the southern hemisphere is
7bML58y3rr4-00212-00055597-00055812 going to move to the south and upslope
7bML58y3rr4-00213-00055813-00056016 but it's doing the same thing in both
7bML58y3rr4-00214-00056016-00056238 cases and moving towards the pole trying
7bML58y3rr4-00215-00056239-00056444 to get towards cooler areas because
7bML58y3rr4-00216-00056445-00056744 climate is warming so and we're seeing
7bML58y3rr4-00217-00056745-00056957 both of those things here right so we're
7bML58y3rr4-00218-00056958-00057229 losing suitable climate for the species
7bML58y3rr4-00219-00057230-00057453 where it's warmer because things are
7bML58y3rr4-00220-00057454-00057615 getting too warm for the species there
7bML58y3rr4-00221-00057616-00057888 which is forcing it to shift southward
7bML58y3rr4-00222-00057889-00058134 in this case but it's also moving up
7bML58y3rr4-00223-00058135-00058329 slope into the Cape full mountains which
7bML58y3rr4-00224-00058329-00058505 are those mountains we saw in the
7bML58y3rr4-00225-00058506-00058725 satellite image so it's doing both the
7bML58y3rr4-00226-00058726-00059267 things we expect and the other thing to
7bML58y3rr4-00227-00059269-00059615 note here is that there's not a lot of
7bML58y3rr4-00228-00059616-00059894 space to go this is ocean down here
7bML58y3rr4-00229-00059895-00060155 right that's the Cape Point and so this
7bML58y3rr4-00230-00060156-00060551 species doesn't have a lot of room to go
7bML58y3rr4-00231-00060552-00060755 south and it's going to attend many
7bML58y3rr4-00232-00060756-00060888 species that we'll see
7bML58y3rr4-00233-00060889-00061113 this modeling tend to go up slope
7bML58y3rr4-00234-00061114-00061326 because there's basically no land to
7bML58y3rr4-00235-00061327-00061644 move into to the south so that's a kind
7bML58y3rr4-00236-00061645-00061921 of a quirk of the Cape but consistent
7bML58y3rr4-00237-00061922-00062382 with what we expect below what I think
7bML58y3rr4-00238-00062383-00062676 about this future projection is you talk
7bML58y3rr4-00239-00062677-00062937 a little bit more about that the range
7bML58y3rr4-00240-00062938-00063312 of different variables so one of you is
7bML58y3rr4-00241-00063313-00063686 a 2050 and occur
7bML58y3rr4-00242-00063687-00063861 talk about the time skills in
7bML58y3rr4-00243-00063862-00064065 we talked a bit about the uncertainty
7bML58y3rr4-00244-00064066-00064229 associated with
7bML58y3rr4-00245-00064230-00064389 different levels of activity at
7bML58y3rr4-00246-00064390-00064673 different fine sure so the question is
7bML58y3rr4-00247-00064674-00064901 what are the levels of uncertainty
7bML58y3rr4-00248-00064902-00065109 associated with the data at different
7bML58y3rr4-00249-00065110-00065289 times so there's a lot to be said there
7bML58y3rr4-00250-00065290-00065553 but the simplest thing to say is that
7bML58y3rr4-00251-00065554-00065793 the uncertainty is least in the present
7bML58y3rr4-00252-00065794-00066107 because we have at least information
7bML58y3rr4-00253-00066108-00066393 that's interpolated from observed
7bML58y3rr4-00254-00066394-00066600 temperature and precipitation records
7bML58y3rr4-00255-00066601-00066900 and then as we get into the future the
7bML58y3rr4-00256-00066901-00067092 uncertainty increases it just as a
7bML58y3rr4-00257-00067093-00067410 weather forecast becomes more and more
7bML58y3rr4-00258-00067411-00067623 uncertain as we get farther and farther
7bML58y3rr4-00259-00067624-00067821 into the future so the weather
7bML58y3rr4-00260-00067822-00068091 forecasting people want recognize that
7bML58y3rr4-00261-00068092-00068295 and generally limit their forecasts to
7bML58y3rr4-00262-00068296-00068592 10 days but they may also do a 30 day or
7bML58y3rr4-00263-00068593-00068871 60 day forecast but everybody knows that
7bML58y3rr4-00264-00068872-00069101 you have to take those 30 and 60 day
7bML58y3rr4-00265-00069102-00069291 forecasts with a big grain of salt
7bML58y3rr4-00266-00069292-00069576 because the models don't do very well
7bML58y3rr4-00267-00069577-00069819 the longer they run and the same thing
7bML58y3rr4-00268-00069820-00070029 is true for climate models the longer we
7bML58y3rr4-00269-00070030-00070248 get away from the historical record the
7bML58y3rr4-00270-00070249-00070515 more uncertainty we have and that's why
7bML58y3rr4-00271-00070516-00070767 people use 20 or 30 different global
7bML58y3rr4-00272-00070768-00071004 climate models because nobody knows what
7bML58y3rr4-00273-00071005-00071307 the right future is and it there's
7bML58y3rr4-00274-00071308-00071550 actually evidence that if you tend to
7bML58y3rr4-00275-00071551-00071766 average all these models together all
7bML58y3rr4-00276-00071767-00071988 the errors tend to average each other
7bML58y3rr4-00277-00071989-00072192 out and you get a bit better result
7bML58y3rr4-00278-00072193-00072453 using a lot of different GCMs than you
7bML58y3rr4-00279-00072454-00072765 do if you use only one and we can talk
7bML58y3rr4-00280-00072766-00073029 about how you select GCMs one thing is
7bML58y3rr4-00281-00073030-00073176 you would think that you'd look for a
7bML58y3rr4-00282-00073177-00073457 GCM that reproduces the region you're in
7bML58y3rr4-00283-00073458-00073728 best and you'd use that GCM you'd look
7bML58y3rr4-00284-00073729-00073905 at how well it matches the historical
7bML58y3rr4-00285-00073906-00074229 record and then choose GCMs global
7bML58y3rr4-00286-00074230-00074484 climate models that match your regional
7bML58y3rr4-00287-00074485-00074700 historical climate well turns out that
7bML58y3rr4-00288-00074701-00074940 that doesn't particularly prove
7bML58y3rr4-00289-00074941-00075306 performance of models but using a lot of
7bML58y3rr4-00290-00075307-00075531 models 20 or 30 models does improve
7bML58y3rr4-00291-00075532-00075741 performance now I that's
7bML58y3rr4-00292-00075742-00075990 counterintuitive but that's just the way
7bML58y3rr4-00293-00075991-00076364 it is question
7bML58y3rr4-00294-00076365-00076890 yeah okay what about definitions this is
7bML58y3rr4-00295-00076891-00077433 the famous change uh-huh any variable to
7bML58y3rr4-00296-00077434-00077862 you okay so adaptation well this is
7bML58y3rr4-00297-00077863-00078048 we're taking a while to get there but
7bML58y3rr4-00298-00078049-00078227 where we're going to get to is
7bML58y3rr4-00299-00078228-00078603 adaptation so there let's explain what
7bML58y3rr4-00300-00078604-00078903 adaptation is in climate change lingo
7bML58y3rr4-00301-00078904-00079266 first so they're two principal terms in
7bML58y3rr4-00302-00079267-00079611 climate change jargon which are
7bML58y3rr4-00303-00079612-00080016 mitigation and adaptation mitigation
7bML58y3rr4-00304-00080017-00080402 means reducing greenhouse gas emissions
7bML58y3rr4-00305-00080403-00080640 especially industrialized countries but
7bML58y3rr4-00306-00080641-00080921 also including reducing deforestation
7bML58y3rr4-00307-00080922-00081225 reducing the gases that cause climate
7bML58y3rr4-00308-00081226-00081552 change that's called mitigation the
7bML58y3rr4-00309-00081553-00081819 second term is adaptation and adaptation
7bML58y3rr4-00310-00081820-00082233 is what we do to respond to climate
7bML58y3rr4-00311-00082234-00082578 change there's a greenhouse gases
7bML58y3rr4-00312-00082579-00082722 already in the atmosphere climate
7bML58y3rr4-00313-00082723-00082893 changes underway we're going to
7bML58y3rr4-00314-00082894-00083082 experience climate change that can't be
7bML58y3rr4-00315-00083083-00083319 stopped and we're going to have to do
7bML58y3rr4-00316-00083320-00083616 something to change the way we live or
7bML58y3rr4-00317-00083617-00083841 produce food or manage our protected
7bML58y3rr4-00318-00083842-00084255 areas to to adapt to those climate
7bML58y3rr4-00319-00084256-00084627 changes and that's adaptation but your
7bML58y3rr4-00320-00084628-00084879 questions about so but for species it's
7bML58y3rr4-00321-00084880-00085071 a little trickier generally when we use
7bML58y3rr4-00322-00085072-00085236 adaptation we're talking about what
7bML58y3rr4-00323-00085237-00085461 people can do right there's also a
7bML58y3rr4-00324-00085462-00085734 biological concept of adaptation which
7bML58y3rr4-00325-00085735-00086058 is to say can the species adapt to
7bML58y3rr4-00326-00086059-00086370 climate change and we'll look at both of
7bML58y3rr4-00327-00086371-00086709 those types of adaptation the species
7bML58y3rr4-00328-00086710-00086913 ability to adapt to climate change and
7bML58y3rr4-00329-00086914-00087192 our ability to adapt our reserve
7bML58y3rr4-00330-00087193-00087371 management or protected area management
7bML58y3rr4-00331-00087372-00087609 to capitalize on those natural
7bML58y3rr4-00332-00087610-00087804 capabilities to help conserve the
7bML58y3rr4-00333-00087805-00088227 species okay but your question was about
7bML58y3rr4-00334-00088228-00088464 sort of the natural adaptation the
7bML58y3rr4-00335-00088465-00088785 species ability to adapt so we'll go
7bML58y3rr4-00336-00088786-00089010 back and cover this good preview of what
7bML58y3rr4-00337-00089011-00089232 we'll talk about when we go into more
7bML58y3rr4-00338-00089233-00089505 detail about climate change biology but
7bML58y3rr4-00339-00089506-00089585 the
7bML58y3rr4-00340-00089586-00089800 vast majority of evidence about what's
7bML58y3rr4-00341-00089801-00090007 happened with species in the past is the
7bML58y3rr4-00342-00090008-00090242 way they've adapted the climate change
7bML58y3rr4-00343-00090243-00090605 is by moving so we believe that the the
7bML58y3rr4-00344-00090606-00090871 most likely response the most likely
7bML58y3rr4-00345-00090872-00091172 adaptation in terms of species is to
7bML58y3rr4-00346-00091173-00091438 move in response to climate change now
7bML58y3rr4-00347-00091439-00091729 there's some evidence of genetic
7bML58y3rr4-00348-00091730-00092038 adaptations to climate change but
7bML58y3rr4-00349-00092039-00092336 interestingly many of those actually are
7bML58y3rr4-00350-00092337-00092684 adaptations to move more quickly so for
7bML58y3rr4-00351-00092685-00092894 instance there's evidence that certain
7bML58y3rr4-00352-00092895-00093224 trees have longer winged seeds when
7bML58y3rr4-00353-00093225-00093479 they're in an area of climate change so
7bML58y3rr4-00354-00093480-00093755 and similarly there's some longer winged
7bML58y3rr4-00355-00093756-00094109 insects that exist in it and that longer
7bML58y3rr4-00356-00094110-00094381 wing form is expressed more when climate
7bML58y3rr4-00357-00094382-00094616 is changing so there do seem to be some
7bML58y3rr4-00358-00094617-00094882 genetic adaptations as well but many of
7bML58y3rr4-00359-00094883-00095176 those are related to moving so moving is
7bML58y3rr4-00360-00095177-00095393 the most important thing to focus on and
7bML58y3rr4-00361-00095394-00095585 just to keep things simple that's what
7bML58y3rr4-00362-00095586-00095971 what will focus on here as well but
7bML58y3rr4-00363-00095972-00096268 certainly some species may not be able
7bML58y3rr4-00364-00096269-00096578 to move now if you're in the reserve
7bML58y3rr4-00365-00096579-00096866 where we were this morning and you would
7bML58y3rr4-00366-00096867-00097057 need to move to track climate change
7bML58y3rr4-00367-00097058-00097300 you've got agricultural land all around
7bML58y3rr4-00368-00097301-00097531 you and there's not going to be anywhere
7bML58y3rr4-00369-00097532-00097925 to move so two things one is that good
7bML58y3rr4-00370-00097926-00098176 reserve management may help species in
7bML58y3rr4-00371-00098177-00098411 that situation but the other thing is
7bML58y3rr4-00372-00098412-00098644 that species may be put through sort of
7bML58y3rr4-00373-00098645-00098843 evolutionary bottlenecks that they've
7bML58y3rr4-00374-00098844-00099023 never faced before because there were
7bML58y3rr4-00375-00099024-00099256 more natural landscapes around to move
7bML58y3rr4-00376-00099257-00099523 around in and so we may not know exactly
7bML58y3rr4-00377-00099524-00099866 what the genetic adaptation capacity of
7bML58y3rr4-00378-00099867-00100025 species is because they've never been
7bML58y3rr4-00379-00100026-00100276 put to a test like but more about to put
7bML58y3rr4-00380-00100277-00100523 them through both in terms of the speed
7bML58y3rr4-00381-00100524-00100772 and magnitude of climate change that
7bML58y3rr4-00382-00100773-00100913 humans are putting the planet through
7bML58y3rr4-00383-00100914-00101243 but also because we've changed mostly
7bML58y3rr4-00384-00101244-00101474 natural landscapes into human-dominated
7bML58y3rr4-00385-00101475-00101741 landscapes in many places and there's
7bML58y3rr4-00386-00101742-00101863 not going to be places to move
7bML58y3rr4-00387-00101864-00102071 necessarily but we're going to look at
7bML58y3rr4-00388-00102072-00102356 I'm going to use these models so these
7bML58y3rr4-00389-00102357-00102532 models aren't you know to tell us
7bML58y3rr4-00390-00102533-00102757 exactly what the future is these models
7bML58y3rr4-00391-00102758-00102926 are to help us think about
7bML58y3rr4-00392-00102927-00103076 what the future may hold and ask
7bML58y3rr4-00393-00103077-00103253 ourselves how we might want to respond
7bML58y3rr4-00394-00103254-00103421 and that's exactly how we're going to
7bML58y3rr4-00395-00103422-00103619 use them here so I'm going through this
7bML58y3rr4-00396-00103620-00103834 background just so when I show you the
7bML58y3rr4-00397-00103835-00104035 model results you'll understand where it
7bML58y3rr4-00398-00104036-00104209 came from and we can ask ourselves well
7bML58y3rr4-00399-00104210-00104533 how might we respond to to this sort of
7bML58y3rr4-00400-00104534-00104785 movement so let's let's do our back and
7bML58y3rr4-00401-00104786-00105004 forth okay here's the current
7bML58y3rr4-00402-00105005-00105164 distribution the current model
7bML58y3rr4-00403-00105165-00105443 distribution of the species we don't
7bML58y3rr4-00404-00105444-00105593 know exactly what its current
7bML58y3rr4-00405-00105594-00105764 distribution is we have data points the
7bML58y3rr4-00406-00105765-00105965 black points but the red is the current
7bML58y3rr4-00407-00105966-00106234 model distribution and here is the
7bML58y3rr4-00408-00106235-00106558 future model distribution if I go back
7bML58y3rr4-00409-00106559-00106826 and forth just a couple more times like
7bML58y3rr4-00410-00106827-00107110 to ask you to keep your eyes on this
7bML58y3rr4-00411-00107111-00107483 area right near Capetown because while
7bML58y3rr4-00412-00107483-00107701 we're losing a lot of the current range
7bML58y3rr4-00413-00107702-00108186 there's that area right around Cape Town
7bML58y3rr4-00414-00108188-00108484 that's holding on everybody sort of see
7bML58y3rr4-00415-00108485-00108863 how a lot of this area is area that was
7bML58y3rr4-00416-00108864-00109036 read in the previous slide if you just
7bML58y3rr4-00417-00109038-00109298 sort of focus right there on that that
7bML58y3rr4-00418-00109299-00109682 cluster of black dots there's red there
7bML58y3rr4-00419-00109683-00109933 now and there's blue there in the future
7bML58y3rr4-00420-00109934-00110090 which means both in the present and
7bML58y3rr4-00421-00110091-00110638 future that species is present so I
7bML58y3rr4-00422-00110639-00110867 could pose this as a question but I'll
7bML58y3rr4-00423-00110868-00111053 just say it that's the sort of thing you
7bML58y3rr4-00424-00111054-00111305 want to look for if you want to conserve
7bML58y3rr4-00425-00111306-00111506 the species right is a place where it
7bML58y3rr4-00426-00111507-00111923 might have suitable habitat now and will
7bML58y3rr4-00427-00111924-00112159 have suitable habitat in the future that
7bML58y3rr4-00428-00112160-00112439 minimizes the species necessity to move
7bML58y3rr4-00429-00112440-00112823 around this is an interesting example of
7bML58y3rr4-00430-00112824-00113027 that as well because you might say well
7bML58y3rr4-00431-00113028-00113300 this is Cape Town so that species is in
7bML58y3rr4-00432-00113301-00113485 trouble because these points are
7bML58y3rr4-00433-00113486-00113774 somewhere in a city and the current
7bML58y3rr4-00434-00113775-00114002 range that's in the city probably
7bML58y3rr4-00435-00114003-00114191 doesn't exist in the future range isn't
7bML58y3rr4-00436-00114192-00114368 going to do the species any good because
7bML58y3rr4-00437-00114369-00114623 it's in a city but in fact table
7bML58y3rr4-00438-00114624-00114803 mountain national park sits right above
7bML58y3rr4-00439-00114804-00115100 Cape Town so this cluster of points the
7bML58y3rr4-00440-00115101-00115298 black points are all records from
7bML58y3rr4-00441-00115299-00115483 weekend hikers going through Table
7bML58y3rr4-00442-00115484-00115735 Mountain National Park and so if there's
7bML58y3rr4-00443-00115736-00115928 good news in this slide and this die
7bML58y3rr4-00444-00115929-00116192 estella that's losing lots of range it
7bML58y3rr4-00445-00116193-00116297 seems and the
7bML58y3rr4-00446-00116298-00116515 it's modeled range in the future one
7bML58y3rr4-00447-00116516-00116699 piece of good news is the place where
7bML58y3rr4-00448-00116700-00116969 the suitability is retained is in an
7bML58y3rr4-00449-00116970-00117235 area that's protected and that's good
7bML58y3rr4-00450-00117236-00117476 for our purposes because it means that
7bML58y3rr4-00451-00117477-00117658 the species may be able to hold on in
7bML58y3rr4-00452-00117659-00118148 table mountain national park okay and I
7bML58y3rr4-00453-00118149-00118481 think anybody want to see those present
7bML58y3rr4-00454-00118482-00118724 future again any other questions before
7bML58y3rr4-00455-00118725-00118994 we go on
7cSRmwMSZHc-00000-00000003-00000281 this is Margaret Hamilton head of the
7cSRmwMSZHc-00001-00000282-00000394 team that developed the onboard flight
7cSRmwMSZHc-00002-00000395-00000644 software that landed us on the moon she
7cSRmwMSZHc-00003-00000645-00000811 coined the term software engineering got
7cSRmwMSZHc-00004-00000813-00000958 a special prize from NASA at a
7cSRmwMSZHc-00005-00000959-00001162 Presidential Medal of Freedom 50 years
7cSRmwMSZHc-00006-00001163-00001322 after the moon landing what if she got a
7cSRmwMSZHc-00007-00001323-00001837 thank-you from the moon
7cSRmwMSZHc-00008-00001838-00002096 this is the Ivanpah solar facility
7cSRmwMSZHc-00009-00002097-00002279 hundreds of thousands of car-sized
7cSRmwMSZHc-00010-00002280-00002420 mirrors reflecting the Sun to create
7cSRmwMSZHc-00011-00002421-00002714 energy what do they do at night what if
7cSRmwMSZHc-00012-00002715-00002933 we thought of them as pixels hundreds of
7cSRmwMSZHc-00013-00002934-00003109 thousands of pixels individually
7cSRmwMSZHc-00014-00003110-00003344 positioned to reflect the moon forming
7cSRmwMSZHc-00015-00003345-00003661 an image visible from the sky a 1.4
7cSRmwMSZHc-00016-00003663-00003863 square mile canvas bear than Central
7cSRmwMSZHc-00017-00003864-00004085 Park bigger than over 200 Eiffel Towers
7cSRmwMSZHc-00018-00004086-00004363 put together is that even possible
7cSRmwMSZHc-00019-00004364-00004556 calculate the trajectory of the moon
7cSRmwMSZHc-00020-00004557-00004747 find the perfect angle in Earth's studio
7cSRmwMSZHc-00021-00004748-00004994 record the aerial coordinates talk to
7cSRmwMSZHc-00022-00004995-00005104 these people in California that were an
7cSRmwMSZHc-00023-00005105-00005279 Ivanpah a pad constant and the
7cSRmwMSZHc-00024-00005280-00005497 operations team at Ivanpah call the
7cSRmwMSZHc-00025-00005498-00005627 engineers in Israel that control the
7cSRmwMSZHc-00026-00005628-00006088 mirrors and also Netta
7cSRmwMSZHc-00027-00006089-00006281 can we point those mirrors at the moon
7cSRmwMSZHc-00028-00006282-00006403 to create a giant image of Margaret
7cSRmwMSZHc-00029-00006404-00006638 Hamilton made of moonlight just one
7cSRmwMSZHc-00030-00006639-00006673 minute
7cSRmwMSZHc-00031-00006675-00007414 you need to think about it I can give a
7cSRmwMSZHc-00032-00007415-00007753 positive answer yet
7cSRmwMSZHc-00033-00007754-00008212 contact Margaret Hamilton
7cSRmwMSZHc-00034-00008213-00008449 find a photo with Margaret make it into
7cSRmwMSZHc-00035-00008450-00008681 a tribute make it into pixels translate
7cSRmwMSZHc-00036-00008682-00009034 that for 100 7555 mirrors only one more
7cSRmwMSZHc-00037-00009035-00009166 full moon before the anniversary of the
7cSRmwMSZHc-00038-00009167-00009480 moon landing we need to talk to Margaret
7cSRmwMSZHc-00039-00009481-00009677 next week we're going to be going out
7cSRmwMSZHc-00040-00009678-00010058 and hoping to create a giant portrait of
7cSRmwMSZHc-00041-00010059-00010438 you on this entire field that's a lot to
7cSRmwMSZHc-00042-00010439-00011497 do between now and go to Ivanpah you
7cSRmwMSZHc-00043-00011498-00011666 just arrived it's our first time seeing
7cSRmwMSZHc-00044-00011667-00011872 the towers all lit up it's pretty
7cSRmwMSZHc-00045-00011873-00011914 amazing
7cSRmwMSZHc-00046-00011915-00012181 watch a safety video put on snake boots
7cSRmwMSZHc-00047-00012182-00012346 watch out for wildlife meet a tortoise
7cSRmwMSZHc-00048-00012347-00012644 hunters call Israel more math wait for
7cSRmwMSZHc-00049-00012645-00012818 sundown position the mirrors track the
7cSRmwMSZHc-00050-00012819-00013531 moon take to the sky 40 mile-per-hour
7cSRmwMSZHc-00051-00013532-00013744 winds lose communication adjust
7cSRmwMSZHc-00052-00013745-00014015 coordinates moon set times up not
7cSRmwMSZHc-00053-00014016-00014416 tonight even if we target in one degree
7cSRmwMSZHc-00054-00014418-00014744 will not be anything recalculate sunrise
7cSRmwMSZHc-00055-00014744-00015305 breakfast one last chance
7cSRmwMSZHc-00056-00015306-00015785 moonrise 99.3% illuminated
7cSRmwMSZHc-00057-00015786-00016283 steady climbing searching find it one
7cSRmwMSZHc-00058-00016284-00016456 point in the sky
7cSRmwMSZHc-00059-00016457-00016780 there's Ivan ball there's the moon
7cSRmwMSZHc-00060-00016781-00017536 there's Margaret Hamilton take a picture
7cSRmwMSZHc-00061-00017537-00017751 Margaret by moonlight
7cSRmwMSZHc-00062-00017752-00018755 [Music]
7cSRmwMSZHc-00063-00018756-00018903 we love you
7cSRmwMSZHc-00064-00018904-00019260 okay I'm lip it up there okay this is
7cSRmwMSZHc-00065-00019261-00019650 market benzoate and I noticed how that
7cSRmwMSZHc-00066-00019651-00019911 color
7caabVFsclg-00000-00000053-00000350 silo is a polygon subdivision surfaces
7caabVFsclg-00001-00000351-00000596 3d modeling application created by neva
7caabVFsclg-00002-00000597-00000824 center it has a focus on quick editing a
7caabVFsclg-00003-00000825-00001049 customizable interface all mouse buttons
7caabVFsclg-00004-00001050-00001225 and keyboard shortcuts can be assigned
7caabVFsclg-00005-00001226-00001470 to any function and a flexible workflow
7caabVFsclg-00006-00001471-00001843 siloed 2 released in August 2007 added a
7caabVFsclg-00007-00001844-00002054 high polygon sculpting mode for creating
7caabVFsclg-00008-00002055-00002231 normal maps and displacement maps as
7caabVFsclg-00009-00002232-00002425 well as improved texture mapping tools
7caabVFsclg-00010-00002426-00002747 in scene management tools version 2.1
7caabVFsclg-00011-00002748-00003622 was released on August 13 2008 topic
7caabVFsclg-00012-00003623-00004268 overview silo 2 is a software that is
7caabVFsclg-00013-00004269-00004475 devoted to modeling it is normally used
7caabVFsclg-00014-00004476-00004661 as part of a workflow along with a
7caabVFsclg-00015-00004662-00004829 number of other software packages
7caabVFsclg-00016-00004830-00005060 because silo alone cannot perform tasks
7caabVFsclg-00017-00005061-00005324 like texturing and animation it can be
7caabVFsclg-00018-00005325-00005522 used for anything from creating 3d
7caabVFsclg-00019-00005523-00005713 characters for video games and movies to
7caabVFsclg-00020-00005714-00006079 exploring 3d architectural ideas silo
7caabVFsclg-00021-00006080-00006286 also features an uncluttered design with
7caabVFsclg-00022-00006287-00006500 a minimalistic user interface it
7caabVFsclg-00023-00006501-00006721 supports import and export of dot seer
7caabVFsclg-00024-00006722-00007142 dot 0 Bay Point 3d seconds dot DX F dot
7caabVFsclg-00025-00007143-00007406 FAC day and dot FBX as well as the
7caabVFsclg-00026-00007406-00007967 export only of dot STL paav and rib
7ezMKUxyuru-00000-00001166-00001506 it hasn't gone away and all their
7ezMKUxyuru-00001-00001507-00001857 effects land normal life is hard but I'm
7ezMKUxyuru-00002-00001857-00002127 not complaining the thing is I'm in a
7ezMKUxyuru-00003-00002128-00002418 constant state of falling I say
7ezMKUxyuru-00004-00002419-00002670 something and I thought you my words I
7ezMKUxyuru-00005-00002671-00002910 need something and I fall through my
7ezMKUxyuru-00006-00002911-00003231 food I start on the accelerator and I
7ezMKUxyuru-00007-00003232-00003513 fall right through the road I'm rarely
7ezMKUxyuru-00008-00003514-00003902 sleep dreams are literally pitfalls on
7ezMKUxyuru-00009-00003903-00004106 my last birthday I was given a harness
7ezMKUxyuru-00010-00004107-00004382 the trick my mind into thinking I was
7ezMKUxyuru-00011-00004383-00004650 tied to something I hoped it to the
7ezMKUxyuru-00012-00004651-00004938 radiator and ventured out the door the
7ezMKUxyuru-00013-00004939-00005304 straps broke and I was wrong that ascend
7ezMKUxyuru-00014-00005305-00005564 still hasn't ended but how long can one
7ezMKUxyuru-00015-00005565-00005846 truly fall
7fCrekkK57M-00000-00000029-00000262 and still on secure TV kaduna State
7fCrekkK57M-00001-00000263-00000569 Police command has paraded at least 350
7fCrekkK57M-00002-00000570-00000784 suspected members of a criminal gang
7fCrekkK57M-00003-00000785-00001115 popularly known as sarasuka and other
7fCrekkK57M-00004-00001116-00001361 offenders the authorities say members of
7fCrekkK57M-00005-00001362-00001570 the sarasuka have been terrorizing
7fCrekkK57M-00006-00001571-00001841 residents of kaduna metropolis snatching
7fCrekkK57M-00007-00001842-00002039 mobile phones and other valuables with
7fCrekkK57M-00008-00002039-00002302 knives and other dangerous weapons the
7fCrekkK57M-00009-00002303-00002567 group had on few occasions stopped in an
7fCrekkK57M-00010-00002568-00002675 attempt
7fCrekkK57M-00011-00002676-00003031 to Rob them of their valuables if we say
7fCrekkK57M-00012-00003032-00003256 also said that while pirating the
7fCrekkK57M-00013-00003257-00003472 suspects they commands public relations
7fCrekkK57M-00014-00003473-00003731 officer Mohammed Said dangerous weapons
7fCrekkK57M-00015-00003732-00003929 including knives Caesars as well as
7fCrekkK57M-00016-00003929-00004151 stolen phones vehicles and motorcycles
7fCrekkK57M-00017-00004152-00004445 were recovered from the suspects some of
7fCrekkK57M-00018-00004446-00004601 the suspects have been charged to court
7fCrekkK57M-00019-00004602-00004865 While others are undergoing discrete
7fCrekkK57M-00020-00004866-00005099 investigation after which they will also
7fCrekkK57M-00021-00005100-00005261 be charged to court
7fCrekkK57M-00022-00005262-00005518 determination of our personnel has
7fCrekkK57M-00023-00005519-00005770 yielded a positive result with the
7fCrekkK57M-00024-00005771-00006118 arrest of over 350 suspects and the
7fCrekkK57M-00025-00006119-00006334 recovery of the following
7fCrekkK57M-00026-00006335-00006575 exhibits
7fCrekkK57M-00027-00006576-00006875 one illicit drugs
7fCrekkK57M-00028-00006876-00007283 57 bags of dry leaves
7fCrekkK57M-00029-00007284-00007541 suspected to be Indian him which is
7fCrekkK57M-00030-00007542-00007669 equivalent to
7fCrekkK57M-00031-00007670-00007873 1000
7fCrekkK57M-00032-00007873-00008144 710 kilograms
7fCrekkK57M-00033-00008145-00008260 [Music]
7fCrekkK57M-00034-00008261-00008681 snatch GSM phones knives
7fCrekkK57M-00035-00008682-00009089 scissors code girls master keys vehicles
7fCrekkK57M-00036-00009090-00009587 and motorcycles of different brands
7fCrekkK57M-00037-00009588-00009800 okay
7fRri28D20o-00000-00000258-00000603 foreign
7fRri28D20o-00001-00000604-00001312 [Music]
7fRri28D20o-00002-00001313-00001541 my lovely lovely amps today I am going
7fRri28D20o-00003-00001542-00001691 to be ranting about a number of things
7fRri28D20o-00004-00001692-00001925 including
7fRri28D20o-00005-00001926-00002326 the fact that I am always so God damn
7fRri28D20o-00006-00002327-00002602 right and by when I say I'm always so
7fRri28D20o-00007-00002603-00002825 goddamn right obviously I don't mean I'm
7fRri28D20o-00008-00002826-00003065 literally always right it just means
7fRri28D20o-00009-00003066-00003383 that when I come on stream I tend to put
7fRri28D20o-00010-00003384-00003635 a lot of thought effort and time into
7fRri28D20o-00011-00003636-00003869 the things that I say and I tend to be a
7fRri28D20o-00012-00003870-00004138 very careful person and uh
7fRri28D20o-00013-00004139-00004379 let me just say there's been a lot of
7fRri28D20o-00014-00004380-00004643 times where I've been really God damn
7fRri28D20o-00015-00004644-00004979 right about topics and I do not do not
7fRri28D20o-00016-00004980-00005188 even get close
7fRri28D20o-00017-00005189-00005404 to the credit that I deserve for how
7fRri28D20o-00018-00005405-00005638 [__] correct I am
7fRri28D20o-00019-00005639-00005843 okay now there's a couple of different
7fRri28D20o-00020-00005844-00006172 topics that I really feel like nailing
7fRri28D20o-00021-00006173-00006400 that home on and ranting about and the
7fRri28D20o-00022-00006401-00006628 first one is the one that I actually
7fRri28D20o-00023-00006629-00006995 titled this stream for okay and this is
7fRri28D20o-00024-00006995-00007325 gonna be a little bit simple okay you're
7fRri28D20o-00025-00007326-00007459 gonna be like
7fRri28D20o-00026-00007459-00007673 well you know
7fRri28D20o-00027-00007673-00007792 mama
7fRri28D20o-00028-00007793-00007978 we knew you were right
7fRri28D20o-00029-00007979-00008345 but did you did you really because just
7fRri28D20o-00030-00008346-00008609 the other day you will all recall that
7fRri28D20o-00031-00008610-00009035 that we had a argument on this channel
7fRri28D20o-00032-00009036-00009257 there was a debate the first debate that
7fRri28D20o-00033-00009258-00009431 we've done in a long time
7fRri28D20o-00034-00009432-00009767 I used to do a lot of debates and I got
7fRri28D20o-00035-00009768-00009928 tired of doing debates because the
7fRri28D20o-00036-00009929-00010163 debate scene [__] sucked and the
7fRri28D20o-00037-00010164-00010403 whole lot of drama happened and also the
7fRri28D20o-00038-00010404-00010709 debate scene as it existed it no longer
7fRri28D20o-00039-00010710-00010913 really exists at all but the debate
7fRri28D20o-00040-00010914-00011314 scene was basically hijacked okay
7fRri28D20o-00041-00011315-00011674 it sucked however recently I've been a
7fRri28D20o-00042-00011675-00011867 little more open to debates and we had a
7fRri28D20o-00043-00011868-00012185 debate recently we had a debate
7fRri28D20o-00044-00012186-00012485 about Kanye West
7fRri28D20o-00045-00012486-00012760 and you might say well goodness what did
7fRri28D20o-00046-00012761-00012910 you [__] debate about well you all
7fRri28D20o-00047-00012911-00013066 know the answer which is the fact that
7fRri28D20o-00048-00013067-00013529 apparently I was being racist by by
7fRri28D20o-00049-00013530-00013985 making fun of Kanye West for being like
7fRri28D20o-00050-00013986-00014338 for espousing hitler-esque uh uh
7fRri28D20o-00051-00014340-00014603 behaviors for being hitler-like for
7fRri28D20o-00052-00014604-00014921 being a blitzler in fact uh this debate
7fRri28D20o-00053-00014922-00015125 went on really long and it generated a
7fRri28D20o-00054-00015126-00015329 lot of discourse some people got mad at
7fRri28D20o-00055-00015330-00015527 me uh some people thought I was right
7fRri28D20o-00056-00015528-00015713 but I just want to talk about something
7fRri28D20o-00057-00015713-00015971 that I was so [__] goddamn right
7fRri28D20o-00058-00015972-00016349 about and by the way this is like a um
7fRri28D20o-00059-00016350-00016691 it's like a it's like a it's like
7fRri28D20o-00060-00016692-00016961 you know that scene in SpongeBob
7fRri28D20o-00061-00016962-00017411 you know the one with the hold on
7fRri28D20o-00062-00017412-00017675 let me just it's this right here it's
7fRri28D20o-00063-00017676-00017927 this [__] meme right here
7fRri28D20o-00064-00017928-00018167 this has been me on this [__] issue
7fRri28D20o-00065-00018168-00018479 okay this has been me on the Kanye issue
7fRri28D20o-00066-00018480-00019133 from the very beginning
7fRri28D20o-00067-00019134-00019343 okay and I just want to show you what
7fRri28D20o-00068-00019344-00019564 I'm talking about here
7fRri28D20o-00069-00019565-00019858 because this was just the other day
7fRri28D20o-00070-00019859-00020177 in Los Angeles okay I want you to take a
7fRri28D20o-00071-00020178-00020471 look at this message right here okay
7fRri28D20o-00072-00020472-00020699 this is a bunch of fascists doing
7fRri28D20o-00073-00020700-00021155 literal sieg heils okay litter a literal
7fRri28D20o-00074-00021156-00021533 sieg heil okay they're literally sieg
7fRri28D20o-00075-00021534-00021707 heiling Nazis
7fRri28D20o-00076-00021708-00021989 in broad daylight
7fRri28D20o-00077-00021990-00022403 on the highway in L.A okay
7fRri28D20o-00078-00022404-00022714 that says honk if you know and then this
7fRri28D20o-00079-00022715-00022955 sign says Kanye is right
7fRri28D20o-00080-00022956-00023219 about the Jews
7fRri28D20o-00081-00023220-00023735 and then this says goyum TV DOT TV and
7fRri28D20o-00082-00023736-00024761 then it has two Bible quotes okay
7fRri28D20o-00083-00024762-00024977 it didn't take much to point out the
7fRri28D20o-00084-00024978-00025192 fact that Kanye West was being
7fRri28D20o-00085-00025193-00025475 anti-semitic Kanye West wasn't just
7fRri28D20o-00086-00025476-00025846 being anti-semitic Kanye West was was
7fRri28D20o-00087-00025847-00026200 pushing uh not just a level of like I'm
7fRri28D20o-00088-00026201-00026477 like he didn't just go up and say a slur
7fRri28D20o-00089-00026477-00026929 he went on TV and was pushing for days
7fRri28D20o-00090-00026930-00027370 the most extreme uh conspiracy theories
7fRri28D20o-00091-00027372-00027623 you can imagine about Jewish people he
7fRri28D20o-00092-00027624-00027893 was invoking conspiracism on a on an
7fRri28D20o-00093-00027894-00028079 unbelievable level he wasn't just being
7fRri28D20o-00094-00028080-00028457 anti-semitic he was pushing an agenda of
7fRri28D20o-00095-00028458-00028757 hate he was pushing conspiracy theories
7fRri28D20o-00096-00028758-00029167 about Jewish people that we already know
7fRri28D20o-00097-00029168-00029507 were heavily contributed to the the
7fRri28D20o-00098-00029508-00030174 occurrence of the Holocaust okay
7fRri28D20o-00099-00030175-00030485 genocides okay they don't just appear
7fRri28D20o-00100-00030486-00030773 out of nowhere okay whatever anybody
7fRri28D20o-00101-00030774-00031096 believes whatever uh whatever anybody
7fRri28D20o-00102-00031097-00031385 feels about the issue they are not just
7fRri28D20o-00103-00031386-00031558 they don't just they're not an like an
7fRri28D20o-00104-00031560-00031793 alien invasion doesn't just happen and
7fRri28D20o-00105-00031794-00031990 then then everybody gets killed that's
7fRri28D20o-00106-00031991-00032164 not how any of these things work it's
7fRri28D20o-00107-00032166-00032562 not like in most fiction okay
7fRri28D20o-00108-00032563-00032885 genocides have to be built do you
7fRri28D20o-00109-00032886-00033107 understand do you understand me they
7fRri28D20o-00110-00033108-00033802 have to be built piece by piece by piece
7fRri28D20o-00111-00033803-00034109 this is exactly what we saw happen in
7fRri28D20o-00112-00034110-00034379 Nazi Germany and I mean it we saw an
7fRri28D20o-00113-00034380-00034752 increasing uh popularization of unhinged
7fRri28D20o-00114-00034753-00035231 anti-semitic uh and homophobic racist uh
7fRri28D20o-00115-00035232-00035465 uh uh conspiracy theories and we are
7fRri28D20o-00116-00035466-00035783 seeing this spread all the [__] over the
7fRri28D20o-00117-00035784-00036179 place and yes Kanye West is guilty of
7fRri28D20o-00118-00036180-00036455 doing this it's not it's boiling a frog
7fRri28D20o-00119-00036456-00036629 but it's more than just boiling a frog
7fRri28D20o-00120-00036630-00037001 okay because it's the the heat has been
7fRri28D20o-00121-00037002-00037477 cranked up so [__] high Okay so
7fRri28D20o-00122-00037478-00037907 [__] high the heat is it's like the
7fRri28D20o-00123-00037908-00038290 frog has been boiling okay
7fRri28D20o-00124-00038291-00038561 and in my debate about the Kanye West
7fRri28D20o-00125-00038562-00038855 situation people said the the main
7fRri28D20o-00126-00038856-00039161 problem that people had with me was hey
7fRri28D20o-00127-00039162-00039515 well Kanye West isn't literally Hitler
7fRri28D20o-00128-00039516-00039880 Hitler was a Chancellor and had more of
7fRri28D20o-00129-00039881-00040151 a say in this obviously none of what I
7fRri28D20o-00130-00040152-00040493 said was ever about uh literally being
7fRri28D20o-00131-00040494-00040679 Hitler uh that does that's literally
7fRri28D20o-00132-00040680-00040865 stupid what a lot of people were
7fRri28D20o-00133-00040866-00041171 basically trying to say is that I am
7fRri28D20o-00134-00041172-00041524 being uh I am being racially insensitive
7fRri28D20o-00135-00041525-00041915 by getting mad at Kanye West uh when
7fRri28D20o-00136-00041916-00042262 like other people are doing racism too
7fRri28D20o-00137-00042263-00042467 so why do you talk about the black guy
7fRri28D20o-00138-00042468-00042677 doing it and not all the white people
7fRri28D20o-00139-00042678-00042923 doing it well I do actually which is the
7fRri28D20o-00140-00042924-00043073 which is the part where that starts to
7fRri28D20o-00141-00043074-00043199 fall apart when they're talking about me
7fRri28D20o-00142-00043200-00043480 because I mostly call out the racism and
7fRri28D20o-00143-00043481-00043696 anti-Semitism of white people
7fRri28D20o-00144-00043697-00043835 however
7fRri28D20o-00145-00043836-00044224 Kanye West isn't just a random black guy
7fRri28D20o-00146-00044225-00044507 Kanye West is one of the most
7fRri28D20o-00147-00044508-00044873 influential most deeply embedded and
7fRri28D20o-00148-00044874-00045083 most well-known musicians in the world
7fRri28D20o-00149-00045084-00045571 and this right here is the direct result
7fRri28D20o-00150-00045572-00045958 of his statements okay
7fRri28D20o-00151-00045959-00046439 it is important that we hold very hard
7fRri28D20o-00152-00046440-00046762 to task celebrities that use their
7fRri28D20o-00153-00046763-00047152 platform to spread hate okay it is a
7fRri28D20o-00154-00047153-00047452 good thing okay in this regard cancel
7fRri28D20o-00155-00047453-00047657 culture or whatever he wants to call it
7fRri28D20o-00156-00047658-00048058 is a very good thing because every
7fRri28D20o-00157-00048059-00048329 single time he opens his mouth to say
7fRri28D20o-00158-00048330-00048611 something anti-semitic a there are
7fRri28D20o-00159-00048612-00048971 thousands of of frothing Nazis in his
7fRri28D20o-00160-00048972-00049246 audience that jump to the task to try
7fRri28D20o-00161-00049247-00049499 and recruit everyone they see and
7fRri28D20o-00162-00049500-00049762 they're succeeding okay they're
7fRri28D20o-00163-00049763-00049871 succeeding
7fRri28D20o-00164-00049872-00050315 Kanye West has an incredible
7fRri28D20o-00165-00050316-00050602 um incredible incredible reach okay
7fRri28D20o-00166-00050603-00051023 now I being a public figure of some
7fRri28D20o-00167-00051024-00051275 level I'm a very very really tiny public
7fRri28D20o-00168-00051276-00051479 figure I'm like the public figure
7fRri28D20o-00169-00051479-00051749 equivalent of a little tiny bug or a
7fRri28D20o-00170-00051750-00051869 hummingbird
7fRri28D20o-00171-00051870-00052061 that's me I'm just a little little tiny
7fRri28D20o-00172-00052062-00052246 of all
7fRri28D20o-00173-00052247-00052451 Upland okay
7fRri28D20o-00174-00052452-00052732 um but I even I in my tininess believe
7fRri28D20o-00175-00052733-00053003 very much in the nest in the necessity
7fRri28D20o-00176-00053004-00053266 for people who have a platform however
7fRri28D20o-00177-00053267-00053459 you get that platform to be as
7fRri28D20o-00178-00053460-00053699 responsible as possible
7fRri28D20o-00179-00053700-00054088 uh with that platform now there are some
7fRri28D20o-00180-00054089-00054238 things that are unreasonable to expect
7fRri28D20o-00181-00054239-00054419 from anyone with a platform because
7fRri28D20o-00182-00054420-00054592 everyone with a platform is still at the
7fRri28D20o-00183-00054594-00054832 end of the day a human
7fRri28D20o-00184-00054833-00054935 um
7fRri28D20o-00185-00054936-00055085 we're not going to get into a broader
7fRri28D20o-00186-00055086-00055342 conversation of of of concentrating
7fRri28D20o-00187-00055344-00055547 power into the hands of individual very
7fRri28D20o-00188-00055548-00055816 fallible humans but obviously there are
7fRri28D20o-00189-00055817-00056050 limits to anything but let's just say
7fRri28D20o-00190-00056051-00056471 that uh spouting anti-semitic conspiracy
7fRri28D20o-00191-00056472-00056879 theories is so far across the line of
7fRri28D20o-00192-00056879-00057088 what's appropriate to do as somebody
7fRri28D20o-00193-00057089-00057503 with a large uh uh platform
7fRri28D20o-00194-00057504-00057700 that it can only it should be
7fRri28D20o-00195-00057701-00058013 interpreted only as an act of hate and
7fRri28D20o-00196-00058014-00058115 hostility
7fRri28D20o-00197-00058116-00058397 and it needs to be we need to get
7fRri28D20o-00198-00058398-00058607 serious about this okay because I'm
7fRri28D20o-00199-00058608-00058882 telling you when Kanye West is given up
7fRri28D20o-00200-00058883-00059092 is given a platform when Kanye West is
7fRri28D20o-00201-00059094-00059404 allowed to go on TV and spread these
7fRri28D20o-00202-00059405-00059723 things to huge audiences it does create
7fRri28D20o-00203-00059724-00060047 new Nazis but what's even worse what's
7fRri28D20o-00204-00060048-00060215 even worse believe it or not than the
7fRri28D20o-00205-00060216-00060442 creation of new Nazis which I think is
7fRri28D20o-00206-00060444-00060623 probably not the main occurrence because
7fRri28D20o-00207-00060624-00060791 I don't think his words convince anybody
7fRri28D20o-00208-00060791-00061049 I do think that people who are who are
7fRri28D20o-00209-00061050-00061241 reacting to his words then convince
7fRri28D20o-00210-00061241-00061397 people but that's a different story
7fRri28D20o-00211-00061398-00061709 what's worse is it emboldens the ones
7fRri28D20o-00212-00061710-00061985 that currently exist it convinces them
7fRri28D20o-00213-00061986-00062266 hey there's a big guy in Power that's on
7fRri28D20o-00214-00062267-00062549 our side we can push even harder now we
7fRri28D20o-00215-00062550-00062866 can go and seek Heil in broad daylight
7fRri28D20o-00216-00062867-00063394 on the on the 405 in [__] la
7fRri28D20o-00217-00063395-00063754 and I'm going to be completely honest
7fRri28D20o-00218-00063755-00064097 Nazis should not feel safe or
7fRri28D20o-00219-00064098-00064453 comfortable seek hiling and advocating
7fRri28D20o-00220-00064454-00064894 Jewish genocide in in the broad daylight
7fRri28D20o-00221-00064895-00065165 they should not feel comfortable our
7fRri28D20o-00222-00065166-00065579 society should react very very
7fRri28D20o-00223-00065580-00065747 harshly
7fRri28D20o-00224-00065748-00065987 to people behaving like this
7fRri28D20o-00225-00065988-00066376 we should not find that acceptable it we
7fRri28D20o-00226-00066377-00066503 should not
7fRri28D20o-00227-00066504-00066850 find a state a state of of passive
7fRri28D20o-00228-00066851-00067091 existence in which Nazis feel
7fRri28D20o-00229-00067092-00067253 comfortable seeing howling in broad
7fRri28D20o-00230-00067254-00067444 daylight that should not be the status
7fRri28D20o-00231-00067445-00067715 quo okay
7fRri28D20o-00232-00067716-00068159 but demon mama what about my free speech
7fRri28D20o-00233-00068160-00068465 Free Speech Free Speech doesn't exist
7fRri28D20o-00234-00068466-00068771 okay free speech is it will it doesn't
7fRri28D20o-00235-00068772-00069029 and never will exist okay free speech is
7fRri28D20o-00236-00069030-00069215 an illusion there is there has never
7fRri28D20o-00237-00069216-00069491 been and there never will be a a world
7fRri28D20o-00238-00069492-00069809 in which all speech is free I tend to be
7fRri28D20o-00239-00069810-00070031 on the side of free speech by and large
7fRri28D20o-00240-00070032-00070361 okay I really do but I recognize that
7fRri28D20o-00241-00070362-00070600 there is no there is no speech that is
7fRri28D20o-00242-00070601-00070847 100 free except
7fRri28D20o-00243-00070848-00071021 when you're in the woods singing to
7fRri28D20o-00244-00071022-00071219 yourself or talking to yourself because
7fRri28D20o-00245-00071220-00071609 all speech has has reached to some
7fRri28D20o-00246-00071610-00071765 degree
7fRri28D20o-00247-00071766-00072094 um and people have a right to react to
7fRri28D20o-00248-00072095-00072305 what you say if you're saying something
7fRri28D20o-00249-00072306-00072503 to someone people have a right to react
7fRri28D20o-00250-00072504-00072713 and of course there are limitations to
7fRri28D20o-00251-00072714-00072863 what types of reactions are are
7fRri28D20o-00252-00072864-00073097 justifiable we don't have to go through
7fRri28D20o-00253-00073098-00073259 all like you know through every single
7fRri28D20o-00254-00073260-00073613 step of this process but there should be
7fRri28D20o-00255-00073614-00073793 this is a I'm making a positive
7fRri28D20o-00256-00073794-00074075 statement here there should be a hostile
7fRri28D20o-00257-00074076-00074423 reaction to [__] like this okay
7fRri28D20o-00258-00074424-00074765 this is it is Justified for people to be
7fRri28D20o-00259-00074766-00075053 hostile to people acting like this
7fRri28D20o-00260-00075054-00075353 and the reason why is because we know
7fRri28D20o-00261-00075354-00075694 what they're angling for we know what
7fRri28D20o-00262-00075695-00075911 these right-wing people who are saying
7fRri28D20o-00263-00075912-00076150 Kanye was right about the Jews and what
7fRri28D20o-00264-00076151-00076432 Kanye himself are angling for we've
7fRri28D20o-00265-00076433-00076643 already seen it once in the past we've
7fRri28D20o-00266-00076644-00076871 already seen this identical literally
7fRri28D20o-00267-00076872-00077297 word for word in many cases uh exact
7fRri28D20o-00268-00077298-00077632 wording used by a party that went on to
7fRri28D20o-00269-00077633-00077873 exterminate millions and millions and
7fRri28D20o-00270-00077874-00078106 millions of Jewish people and trans
7fRri28D20o-00271-00078107-00078443 people and gay people and black people
7fRri28D20o-00272-00078444-00078649 and that includes people like Kanye West
7fRri28D20o-00273-00078650-00079055 and it includes anybody includes any any
7fRri28D20o-00274-00079056-00079385 it doesn't your minority identity does
7fRri28D20o-00275-00079386-00079685 not matter if you are engaging in
7fRri28D20o-00276-00079686-00080087 promoting a world view uh uh held by
7fRri28D20o-00277-00080088-00080261 Nazis
7fRri28D20o-00278-00080262-00080591 if you are pushing a Nazi worldview a
7fRri28D20o-00279-00080592-00080861 fascist worldview a world view that can
7fRri28D20o-00280-00080862-00081262 only result in massive death if that is
7fRri28D20o-00281-00081263-00081443 what you are pushing it does not matter
7fRri28D20o-00282-00081444-00081694 what identity you are it is important
7fRri28D20o-00283-00081695-00081982 that anybody who opposes that world
7fRri28D20o-00284-00081983-00082241 pushes back
7fRri28D20o-00285-00082242-00082426 okay
7fRri28D20o-00286-00082427-00082559 people
7fRri28D20o-00287-00082560-00082973 I I I I understand why people are
7fRri28D20o-00288-00082974-00083353 hesitant uh sometimes to call out
7fRri28D20o-00289-00083354-00083609 members of of certain political
7fRri28D20o-00290-00083610-00083759 minorities
7fRri28D20o-00291-00083760-00084197 I am a very vocal member of a minority
7fRri28D20o-00292-00084198-00084503 group I am a very open non-binary trans
7fRri28D20o-00293-00084504-00084731 woman okay
7fRri28D20o-00294-00084732-00084976 um
7fRri28D20o-00295-00084977-00085259 I I'm very open about that okay
7fRri28D20o-00296-00085260-00085679 and I would hope that if I engaged in in
7fRri28D20o-00297-00085680-00085979 [__] right-wing rhetoric that you
7fRri28D20o-00298-00085980-00086176 [__] would call me out not just
7fRri28D20o-00299-00086177-00086459 that you [__] but that my coat
7fRri28D20o-00300-00086460-00086705 my my co-content creators would push
7fRri28D20o-00301-00086706-00087023 back incredibly hard on that
7fRri28D20o-00302-00087024-00087299 and I if I can expect that as a tiny
7fRri28D20o-00303-00087300-00087455 little little
7fRri28D20o-00304-00087456-00087737 to count on the on YouTube then I think
7fRri28D20o-00305-00087738-00088006 it's perfectly fair that we hold Kanye
7fRri28D20o-00306-00088007-00088582 West to a much much much higher standard
7fRri28D20o-00307-00088583-00088888 and personally I think that when we
7fRri28D20o-00308-00088889-00089243 start seeing things like this right here
7fRri28D20o-00309-00089244-00089585 it's time that we start openly
7fRri28D20o-00310-00089586-00090149 and harshly belligerently
7fRri28D20o-00311-00090150-00090353 start pushing people who sign off on
7fRri28D20o-00312-00090354-00090623 that uh out out of out of the public eye
7fRri28D20o-00313-00090624-00090881 and that includes Kanye West himself
7fRri28D20o-00314-00090882-00091162 I think that it would be justified to
7fRri28D20o-00315-00091163-00091438 cancel Kanye West over something like
7fRri28D20o-00316-00091439-00091768 this as it turns out actually yeah as it
7fRri28D20o-00317-00091769-00092056 turns out sometimes canceling someone is
7fRri28D20o-00318-00092057-00092285 actually a good thing
7fRri28D20o-00319-00092286-00092525 we I've definitely a Morning Star plural
7fRri28D20o-00320-00092526-00092632 says yeah you've definitely built a
7fRri28D20o-00321-00092633-00092765 community that would eat you alive if
7fRri28D20o-00322-00092766-00092879 you were to go off the deep end like
7fRri28D20o-00323-00092880-00093029 that which is good
7fRri28D20o-00324-00093030-00093226 which is good
7fRri28D20o-00325-00093227-00093532 you should if I ever post anything like
7fRri28D20o-00326-00093533-00093821 what Kanye West posted Kanye West like I
7fRri28D20o-00327-00093822-00093994 said I I said this at the beginning I'm
7fRri28D20o-00328-00093995-00094132 going to reiterate it again just for
7fRri28D20o-00329-00094133-00094438 clarity Kanye West didn't just do
7fRri28D20o-00330-00094439-00094732 anti-Semitism Kanye West did
7fRri28D20o-00331-00094733-00094985 anti-Semitism and
7fRri28D20o-00332-00094986-00095423 pushed and popularized helped popularize
7fRri28D20o-00333-00095424-00095832 helped normalize the idea of a Jewish
7fRri28D20o-00334-00095833-00096347 overarching Jewish World conspiracy
7fRri28D20o-00335-00096348-00097031 that is so so bad
7fRri28D20o-00336-00097032-00097282 he exposed his fans to the JQ which is a
7fRri28D20o-00337-00097283-00097421 thought terminating cliche and lets
7fRri28D20o-00338-00097422-00097649 people justify insane things okay
7fRri28D20o-00339-00097650-00097912 something you all I want to make I want
7fRri28D20o-00340-00097913-00098068 to explain
7fRri28D20o-00341-00098069-00098255 to all of you
7fRri28D20o-00342-00098256-00098356 um
7fRri28D20o-00343-00098357-00098518 and I know a lot of you are going to be
7fRri28D20o-00344-00098519-00098741 familiar with this a lot of you are
7fRri28D20o-00345-00098742-00098926 pretty familiar with the way that the
7fRri28D20o-00346-00098927-00099262 fascist worldview operates
7fRri28D20o-00347-00099263-00099556 um but fascists and especially Nazis
7fRri28D20o-00348-00099557-00099929 Nazis being a subgroup of fascists
7fRri28D20o-00349-00099930-00100103 um
7fRri28D20o-00350-00100104-00100368 Nazis being a subgroup of fascists Nazis
7fRri28D20o-00351-00100369-00100703 rely on conspiracy
7fRri28D20o-00352-00100704-00100859 so much
7fRri28D20o-00353-00100860-00101267 they rely on conspiracy so much
7fRri28D20o-00354-00101268-00101597 they rely on the idea that they're on on
7fRri28D20o-00355-00101598-00101824 a and there's a reason for this it's
7fRri28D20o-00356-00101825-00102106 because it it it lulls their followers
7fRri28D20o-00357-00102107-00102394 over time it adjusts their followers to
7fRri28D20o-00358-00102395-00102851 essentially uh perpetually suspecting a
7fRri28D20o-00359-00102852-00103108 malign influence from the group that
7fRri28D20o-00360-00103109-00103463 they hate at all times it is a it is a
7fRri28D20o-00361-00103464-00103751 deliberate uh it is a a deliberate
7fRri28D20o-00362-00103752-00104027 constructing of a of a world view and a
7fRri28D20o-00363-00104028-00104218 belief system and their belief system
7fRri28D20o-00364-00104219-00104371 because
7fRri28D20o-00365-00104372-00104710 obviously as any as any rational person
7fRri28D20o-00366-00104711-00104995 knows racists are [__] stupid
7fRri28D20o-00367-00104996-00105221 anti-semites are [__] stupid and
7fRri28D20o-00368-00105222-00105413 transphobes are [__] stupid anybody
7fRri28D20o-00369-00105414-00105619 with like a toddler's level
7fRri28D20o-00370-00105620-00105857 understanding of the world can recognize
7fRri28D20o-00371-00105858-00106090 that any that that half of the things
7fRri28D20o-00372-00106091-00106360 that racist people say is just genuinely
7fRri28D20o-00373-00106361-00106708 [__] stupid okay like racist will be
7fRri28D20o-00374-00106709-00107231 like yeah uh uh you know uh [__] uh
7fRri28D20o-00375-00107232-00107428 you know know America invented
7fRri28D20o-00376-00107429-00107633 everything but Africa didn't invent
7fRri28D20o-00377-00107633-00107884 nothing and you can just go and be like
7fRri28D20o-00378-00107885-00108202 bro that's just dead wrong like
7fRri28D20o-00379-00108203-00108551 all like like all of humanity originated
7fRri28D20o-00380-00108552-00108760 from Africa originally like what do you
7fRri28D20o-00381-00108761-00108928 [__] what are you [__] talking
7fRri28D20o-00382-00108929-00109265 about like it's it's [__] like that
7fRri28D20o-00383-00109266-00109583 Boomer racism I don't even know racist
7fRri28D20o-00384-00109583-00110021 talking points no I'm I'm I do
7fRri28D20o-00385-00110022-00110189 okay you want me to you want me to
7fRri28D20o-00386-00110190-00110495 tackle an actual uh racist talking point
7fRri28D20o-00387-00110496-00110747 here's one ready here you go you guys
7fRri28D20o-00388-00110748-00110890 want it here we go
7fRri28D20o-00389-00110891-00111077 when you talk to a lot of racists
7fRri28D20o-00390-00111078-00111239 because I've talked to a lot of racists
7fRri28D20o-00391-00111240-00111419 one thing that they will do all the time
7fRri28D20o-00392-00111420-00111725 is they will say yeah but uh this is the
7fRri28D20o-00393-00111726-00111916 racist talking they will yeah it's the
7fRri28D20o-00394-00111917-00112115 1350. we're going to talk about 1350
7fRri28D20o-00395-00112116-00112360 real quick okay 1350 is the meme that
7fRri28D20o-00396-00112361-00112721 racists love to reach for okay but it's
7fRri28D20o-00397-00112722-00112949 funny because most of them don't even
7fRri28D20o-00398-00112950-00113147 they they memorize the numbers they
7fRri28D20o-00399-00113148-00113284 don't know anything about what it is
7fRri28D20o-00400-00113285-00113465 that they're saying and they're and
7fRri28D20o-00401-00113466-00113725 where they Source their information is
7fRri28D20o-00402-00113726-00114028 subreddits of that are literally just
7fRri28D20o-00403-00114029-00114293 videos there's like reddits that are
7fRri28D20o-00404-00114294-00114508 just videos of black people committing
7fRri28D20o-00405-00114509-00114845 crimes so they will they will hear this
7fRri28D20o-00406-00114846-00115193 this idea well 1350 you know 13 of the
7fRri28D20o-00407-00115194-00115427 population does 50 of the violent crime
7fRri28D20o-00408-00115428-00115643 which first of all that statistic is a
7fRri28D20o-00409-00115644-00115816 dated statistic obviously not that that
7fRri28D20o-00410-00115817-00115936 even matters they don't give a [__]
7fRri28D20o-00411-00115938-00116310 about that and secondly
7fRri28D20o-00412-00116311-00116645 obviously if you are a marginalized
7fRri28D20o-00413-00116646-00116945 community and and you are literally
7fRri28D20o-00414-00116946-00117160 discriminated against and forced into
7fRri28D20o-00415-00117161-00117347 conflict with other people in your
7fRri28D20o-00416-00117348-00117671 community obviously you are going that
7fRri28D20o-00417-00117672-00117845 Community is going to have higher rates
7fRri28D20o-00418-00117846-00118102 of violent crime how the [__] do you how
7fRri28D20o-00419-00118103-00118313 the [__] does somebody who's been
7fRri28D20o-00420-00118314-00118577 discriminated against and can't enter uh
7fRri28D20o-00421-00118578-00118733 and can't own a business doesn't have
7fRri28D20o-00422-00118733-00118907 any generational wealth gets
7fRri28D20o-00423-00118908-00119177 discriminated against provably in in
7fRri28D20o-00424-00119178-00119440 hiring practices redlining still
7fRri28D20o-00425-00119441-00119615 persists to this day even though a lot
7fRri28D20o-00426-00119616-00119777 of the laws have been taken off the
7fRri28D20o-00427-00119778-00119951 books a lot of the practices are still
7fRri28D20o-00428-00119952-00120113 in place so if you're a black person
7fRri28D20o-00429-00120114-00120383 living uh living in a like an
7fRri28D20o-00430-00120383-00120593 impoverished area you probably don't
7fRri28D20o-00431-00120594-00120701 have any International generational
7fRri28D20o-00432-00120702-00120881 wealth you have a harder time getting a
7fRri28D20o-00433-00120882-00121090 job you're less likely to be accepted by
7fRri28D20o-00434-00121091-00121252 a university so you're probably less
7fRri28D20o-00435-00121253-00121510 likely to have a college degree
7fRri28D20o-00436-00121511-00121666 how do you live
7fRri28D20o-00437-00121667-00121913 and the answer is
7fRri28D20o-00438-00121914-00122069 crime
7fRri28D20o-00439-00122070-00122260 how else are you gonna [__] survive
7fRri28D20o-00440-00122261-00122483 that's how anybody does it it doesn't
7fRri28D20o-00441-00122483-00122740 matter what your skin color is it's so
7fRri28D20o-00442-00122741-00123010 obviously not about skin color and it's
7fRri28D20o-00443-00123011-00123289 so obviously about socioeconomic
7fRri28D20o-00444-00123290-00123604 conditions imposed because of other
7fRri28D20o-00445-00123605-00123916 people being racist about skin color
7fRri28D20o-00446-00123917-00124175 and a bunch of racists will come in and
7fRri28D20o-00447-00124176-00124325 they'll say oh well yeah but I go to
7fRri28D20o-00448-00124326-00124528 this I went to the subreddit and I saw
7fRri28D20o-00449-00124529-00124697 all these videos these horrible videos
7fRri28D20o-00450-00124698-00124949 of a black person doing a crime as
7fRri28D20o-00451-00124950-00125207 without ever recognizing that they're
7fRri28D20o-00452-00125208-00125675 being fed a curated manipulative tube of
7fRri28D20o-00453-00125676-00125869 self-reinforcing
7fRri28D20o-00454-00125870-00126040 stereotypes
7fRri28D20o-00455-00126041-00126239 this is why poor white areas also have
7fRri28D20o-00456-00126240-00126389 lots of drug crime and other crime
7fRri28D20o-00457-00126390-00126683 associated with it of course poverty
7fRri28D20o-00458-00126683-00126965 is poverty is what causes a rise in
7fRri28D20o-00459-00126966-00127354 violent crime and what causes poverty is
7fRri28D20o-00460-00127355-00127552 discrimination
7fRri28D20o-00461-00127553-00127690 largely
7fRri28D20o-00462-00127691-00127984 that is what causes it if just think
7fRri28D20o-00463-00127985-00128254 about it this way imagine if your life
7fRri28D20o-00464-00128255-00128554 is a giant Pachinko machine okay imagine
7fRri28D20o-00465-00128555-00128836 that if you're black there are a bunch
7fRri28D20o-00466-00128838-00129089 of Little P little extra things inserted
7fRri28D20o-00467-00129090-00129340 that prevent you from getting to the big
7fRri28D20o-00468-00129341-00129551 to the big scores okay so your little
7fRri28D20o-00469-00129552-00129797 thing is going down and you're get
7fRri28D20o-00470-00129798-00129958 you're heading towards the bottom and
7fRri28D20o-00471-00129959-00130228 it's like there's there's a wall over
7fRri28D20o-00472-00130229-00130439 the big win you just can't get the big
7fRri28D20o-00473-00130440-00130631 win sure you might be able to do all you
7fRri28D20o-00474-00130632-00130781 might be able to maximize and hit all
7fRri28D20o-00475-00130782-00130949 the good things on the way down but
7fRri28D20o-00476-00130950-00131225 there's a there's a literal wall placed
7fRri28D20o-00477-00131226-00131393 over it
7fRri28D20o-00478-00131394-00131723 it wasn't it was only the 60s okay that
7fRri28D20o-00479-00131724-00131914 the Civil Rights Movement happened that
7fRri28D20o-00480-00131915-00132304 means that most most black Americans to
7fRri28D20o-00481-00132305-00132390 today
7fRri28D20o-00482-00132391-00132749 their parents and or Grandparents were
7fRri28D20o-00483-00132750-00133121 alive in in a period of time before the
7fRri28D20o-00484-00133122-00133313 Civil Rights Act had even been put into
7fRri28D20o-00485-00133314-00133654 law and after when it was not even it
7fRri28D20o-00486-00133655-00133913 hadn't even like it wasn't able to
7fRri28D20o-00487-00133914-00134123 spread out and be fixed and enforced and
7fRri28D20o-00488-00134124-00134489 corrected over time the people lived in
7fRri28D20o-00489-00134490-00134704 a period of time where it was literally
7fRri28D20o-00490-00134705-00134914 you couldn't go into certain restaurants
7fRri28D20o-00491-00134915-00135185 you were just you can't come in you just
7fRri28D20o-00492-00135186-00135364 could not get certain jobs just because
7fRri28D20o-00493-00135365-00135635 of your skin color
7fRri28D20o-00494-00135636-00136078 Blake holy [__] how obvious does it have
7fRri28D20o-00495-00136079-00136181 to be
7fRri28D20o-00496-00136182-00136531 all of this all of this is is
7fRri28D20o-00497-00136532-00137021 specifically to point out the fact
7fRri28D20o-00498-00137022-00137351 that [__] racism is stupid racism
7fRri28D20o-00499-00137352-00137657 falls apart under the slightest analysis
7fRri28D20o-00500-00137658-00138047 and so as a result it relies on thought
7fRri28D20o-00501-00138048-00138364 terminating cliches and conspiracism it
7fRri28D20o-00502-00138365-00138587 relies on all kinds of manipulative
7fRri28D20o-00503-00138588-00138749 tactics
7fRri28D20o-00504-00138750-00139043 because it doesn't survive an analysis
7fRri28D20o-00505-00139044-00139433 any type of stringent analysis
7fRri28D20o-00506-00139434-00139739 okay
7fRri28D20o-00507-00139740-00139978 and all of that was to point out that
7fRri28D20o-00508-00139979-00140183 what I was saying before about Kanye
7fRri28D20o-00509-00140184-00140416 West pushing conspiracy theories is
7fRri28D20o-00510-00140417-00140669 [__] dangerous because conspiracy
7fRri28D20o-00511-00140670-00141137 theories are a they are a
7fRri28D20o-00512-00141138-00141377 they take advantage of Humanity's
7fRri28D20o-00513-00141378-00141725 Natural Curiosity and natural paranoia
7fRri28D20o-00514-00141726-00142001 okay humans are organic creatures we
7fRri28D20o-00515-00142002-00142199 spend our whole lives having to contend
7fRri28D20o-00516-00142200-00142613 with sickness disease and stress okay we
7fRri28D20o-00517-00142614-00142883 are naturally a little paranoid we have
7fRri28D20o-00518-00142884-00143081 to be in order to survive
7fRri28D20o-00519-00143082-00143404 a conspiracy theory grabs on to the part
7fRri28D20o-00520-00143405-00143573 of your brain that produces paranoia
7fRri28D20o-00521-00143574-00143819 grabs onto the prejudices in your brain
7fRri28D20o-00522-00143820-00144059 and it pulls you in a direction in such
7fRri28D20o-00523-00144060-00144214 a way that you're less likely to
7fRri28D20o-00524-00144215-00144383 acknowledge the truth
7fRri28D20o-00525-00144384-00144664 and this is why it's really important to
7fRri28D20o-00526-00144665-00144935 fight off habits of conspiratorial
7fRri28D20o-00527-00144936-00145235 thinking okay
7fRri28D20o-00528-00145236-00145666 it's yes it's a brain worm generator
7fRri28D20o-00529-00145667-00145973 it's a it is a brainworm generator now
7fRri28D20o-00530-00145974-00146152 I'm going to draw a quick parallel to
7fRri28D20o-00531-00146153-00146261 something I've talked about on this
7fRri28D20o-00532-00146262-00146597 channel a lot which is uh which is
7fRri28D20o-00533-00146598-00146963 religion and specifically how I grew up
7fRri28D20o-00534-00146964-00147371 in a far-right Christian cult okay and
7fRri28D20o-00535-00147372-00147539 whenever I talk about religion on this
7fRri28D20o-00536-00147540-00147719 channel I have a lot of things to say
7fRri28D20o-00537-00147720-00147911 about it but one of the things that that
7fRri28D20o-00538-00147912-00148157 I experienced as a part of growing up in
7fRri28D20o-00539-00148158-00148354 a very fundamentalist fundamentalist
7fRri28D20o-00540-00148355-00148649 Evangelical environment is this idea
7fRri28D20o-00541-00148650-00148907 that I talk about about a shell okay
7fRri28D20o-00542-00148908-00149171 all right I talk about how a lot of
7fRri28D20o-00543-00149172-00149423 Christian fundamentalism is building a
7fRri28D20o-00544-00149424-00149761 shell around your brain a shell of
7fRri28D20o-00545-00149762-00150131 various uh generally highly emotional
7fRri28D20o-00546-00150132-00150364 but not always necessarily
7fRri28D20o-00547-00150365-00150737 100 emotional but very emotional uh ways
7fRri28D20o-00548-00150738-00151025 to prevent you from ingesting uh certain
7fRri28D20o-00549-00151026-00151247 types of information okay so the shell
7fRri28D20o-00550-00151248-00151583 is very hard to crack and the way that a
7fRri28D20o-00551-00151584-00151804 shell like that is made is by
7fRri28D20o-00552-00151805-00152140 continually exposing someone to thought
7fRri28D20o-00553-00152141-00152375 terminating cliches that become so
7fRri28D20o-00554-00152376-00152597 common that your brain just files them
7fRri28D20o-00555-00152598-00152819 as truth even in people who are
7fRri28D20o-00556-00152820-00153004 generally very skeptical
7fRri28D20o-00557-00153005-00153316 you guys ever met somebody who like uh
7fRri28D20o-00558-00153317-00153514 okay okay here's an example you guys
7fRri28D20o-00559-00153515-00153857 ever met a uh uh a conspiracy theorist
7fRri28D20o-00560-00153858-00154139 Uncle who's like super super Christian
7fRri28D20o-00561-00154140-00154397 and then and and and like we'll get
7fRri28D20o-00562-00154398-00154595 super offended if you talk about any
7fRri28D20o-00563-00154596-00154828 criticism of the Bible but then all of
7fRri28D20o-00564-00154829-00154966 the time they're talking about how the
7fRri28D20o-00565-00154967-00155104 government did this the government did
7fRri28D20o-00566-00155105-00155231 that the government did this the
7fRri28D20o-00567-00155232-00155404 government did that don't trust the
7fRri28D20o-00568-00155405-00155621 masks because that yet they will without
7fRri28D20o-00569-00155622-00155890 question accept the Bible and if you
7fRri28D20o-00570-00155891-00156107 even dare criticize the Bible they won't
7fRri28D20o-00571-00156108-00156401 be skeptical about that
7fRri28D20o-00572-00156402-00156623 that is that is a product of what I'm
7fRri28D20o-00573-00156624-00156761 talking about
7fRri28D20o-00574-00156762-00157025 conspiratory like like conspiratorial
7fRri28D20o-00575-00157026-00157193 thinking thought terminating cliches
7fRri28D20o-00576-00157194-00157475 these things are used to build an egg
7fRri28D20o-00577-00157476-00157721 around your brain so that you have a a a
7fRri28D20o-00578-00157722-00158123 a a negative reaction to any type of
7fRri28D20o-00579-00158124-00158314 information that conflicts with that so
7fRri28D20o-00580-00158315-00158513 you never ingest the information at all
7fRri28D20o-00581-00158514-00158843 now sometimes it doesn't work a lot of
7fRri28D20o-00582-00158844-00159047 people even people who are deeply
7fRri28D20o-00583-00159048-00159304 indoctrinated like I was when I was
7fRri28D20o-00584-00159305-00159604 younger often their their shell will
7fRri28D20o-00585-00159605-00159797 collapse under its own contradictions
7fRri28D20o-00586-00159798-00160061 but that's not a reliable process okay
7fRri28D20o-00587-00160062-00160307 it's a very very difficult process to
7fRri28D20o-00588-00160308-00160552 break out of indoctrination it really
7fRri28D20o-00589-00160553-00160661 really is
7fRri28D20o-00590-00160662-00160949 but or not but but because of that
7fRri28D20o-00591-00160950-00161154 because it's such a difficult process
7fRri28D20o-00592-00161155-00161614 that's why it's done that's why uh right
7fRri28D20o-00593-00161615-00162016 Wingers uh use these buzzwords they use
7fRri28D20o-00594-00162017-00162239 these same Bud buzzwords all the time
7fRri28D20o-00595-00162240-00162449 they if you guys go and look at oh my
7fRri28D20o-00596-00162450-00162640 God like have you ever gone and like
7fRri28D20o-00597-00162641-00162814 just listened I mean we I know we have
7fRri28D20o-00598-00162815-00162971 because I've done it here on this stream
7fRri28D20o-00599-00162972-00163199 when we go and listen to Tucker Carlson
7fRri28D20o-00600-00163200-00163378 you'll hear him repeat the same
7fRri28D20o-00601-00163379-00163757 buzzwords 10 15 times in an episode over
7fRri28D20o-00602-00163758-00164026 and over and over and over again and
7fRri28D20o-00603-00164027-00164345 they're like literally the same phrasing
7fRri28D20o-00604-00164346-00164651 all political messaging has you know
7fRri28D20o-00605-00164652-00164939 themes and recurring Concepts but it's
7fRri28D20o-00606-00164940-00165143 ridiculous it's so blatant how far
7fRri28D20o-00607-00165144-00165419 right-wing media goes to reinst to
7fRri28D20o-00608-00165420-00165593 reinforce things I mean hell you guys
7fRri28D20o-00609-00165594-00165773 know uh let me talk about one that's
7fRri28D20o-00610-00165774-00166216 personal uh the the 41 41 statistic
7fRri28D20o-00611-00166217-00166469 which is a dog whistle by the way
7fRri28D20o-00612-00166470-00166978 um the 41 is a anti-trans uh dog whistle
7fRri28D20o-00613-00166979-00167290 basically when people say 41 with
7fRri28D20o-00614-00167291-00167489 referring to trans people they're
7fRri28D20o-00615-00167490-00167819 talking about a old study which is no
7fRri28D20o-00616-00167820-00168064 longer accurate first of all that stated
7fRri28D20o-00617-00168065-00168454 that 41 of trans people will attempt
7fRri28D20o-00618-00168455-00168809 suicide okay
7fRri28D20o-00619-00168810-00168863 um
7fRri28D20o-00620-00168864-00169331 that Meme is is repeated constantly in
7fRri28D20o-00621-00169332-00169501 right-wing spaces
7fRri28D20o-00622-00169502-00169943 constantly the 41 meme is repeated they
7fRri28D20o-00623-00169944-00170152 never really go into depth they just say
7fRri28D20o-00624-00170153-00170435 yeah you know 41 of trans people will
7fRri28D20o-00625-00170436-00170621 kill themselves yeah you know and
7fRri28D20o-00626-00170622-00170747 they'll say that over and over and over
7fRri28D20o-00627-00170748-00170957 again and
7fRri28D20o-00628-00170958-00171137 they never talk about where that
7fRri28D20o-00629-00171138-00171335 statistic comes from they never talk
7fRri28D20o-00630-00171336-00171514 about the sources it's just repeated
7fRri28D20o-00631-00171515-00171911 over and over and over again until it's
7fRri28D20o-00632-00171912-00172187 so common that their viewers accept it
7fRri28D20o-00633-00172188-00172451 as a passive fact of existence they
7fRri28D20o-00634-00172452-00172697 never even think to interrogate it
7fRri28D20o-00635-00172698-00172913 and this is this is the [__] that I'm
7fRri28D20o-00636-00172914-00173063 yelling about right here
7fRri28D20o-00637-00173064-00173309 this is the [__] [__] it's this it's
7fRri28D20o-00638-00173310-00173590 this environment that Smooths the brains
7fRri28D20o-00639-00173591-00173854 into these nice little shells that are
7fRri28D20o-00640-00173855-00174257 ready to do a goddamn genocide
7fRri28D20o-00641-00174258-00174466 yeah that's right that's that's what all
7fRri28D20o-00642-00174467-00174640 this was about you remember me talking
7fRri28D20o-00643-00174641-00174809 about that before you remember me
7fRri28D20o-00644-00174810-00174983 talking about how a genocide has to be
7fRri28D20o-00645-00174984-00175481 built that's what this is all about
7fRri28D20o-00646-00175482-00175685 it all ties back to that
7fRri28D20o-00647-00175686-00175901 that's the goal
7fRri28D20o-00648-00175902-00176201 what do you think Nazis want what do you
7fRri28D20o-00649-00176202-00176435 think the conspiracy theories are
7fRri28D20o-00650-00176436-00176573 advocating for
7fRri28D20o-00651-00176574-00176825 they're just asking questions they're
7fRri28D20o-00652-00176826-00177011 getting people ready they're getting
7fRri28D20o-00653-00177012-00177323 them emotionally charged so that they'll
7fRri28D20o-00654-00177324-00177652 look the other way or stay silent
7fRri28D20o-00655-00177653-00177893 keep in mind that
7fRri28D20o-00656-00177894-00178283 Nazis don't need an entire Nazi Society
7fRri28D20o-00657-00178284-00178637 to pull off a genocide they don't all
7fRri28D20o-00658-00178638-00179038 they need is a society that is that is
7fRri28D20o-00659-00179039-00179314 that is at the very least at the very
7fRri28D20o-00660-00179315-00179566 least apathetic a society that's willing
7fRri28D20o-00661-00179567-00179866 to go well I don't know maybe I don't
7fRri28D20o-00662-00179867-00180288 know maybe hmm I don't know maybe though
7fRri28D20o-00663-00180289-00180707 but really that's all they need
7fRri28D20o-00664-00180708-00180923 that's all they need
7fRri28D20o-00665-00180924-00181133 the reason why I've made such a big
7fRri28D20o-00666-00181134-00181361 stink about Kanye West's [__] shitty
7fRri28D20o-00667-00181362-00181643 anti-Semitism is because
7fRri28D20o-00668-00181644-00181888 Kanye West is a hugely influential
7fRri28D20o-00669-00181889-00182093 figure and
7fRri28D20o-00670-00182094-00182369 he was he's normalizing anti-Semitism
7fRri28D20o-00671-00182370-00182561 that is literally what he's doing the
7fRri28D20o-00672-00182562-00182921 the definition of normalization it is a
7fRri28D20o-00673-00182922-00183251 big popular figure going on to TV being
7fRri28D20o-00674-00183252-00183575 given a platform all over the place to
7fRri28D20o-00675-00183576-00183947 spread hate to spread hate that leads to
7fRri28D20o-00676-00183948-00184073 death
7fRri28D20o-00677-00184074-00184319 When Things become when when abhorrent
7fRri28D20o-00678-00184320-00184540 Things become normalized
7fRri28D20o-00679-00184541-00184876 our society becomes
7fRri28D20o-00680-00184877-00185026 it's not even just about Society
7fRri28D20o-00681-00185027-00185237 normalization is a weird thing okay
7fRri28D20o-00682-00185238-00185602 human psychology is very strange okay we
7fRri28D20o-00683-00185603-00185783 can get used to some pretty demented
7fRri28D20o-00684-00185784-00186166 [__] okay uh I mean God when think about
7fRri28D20o-00685-00186167-00186359 it like this if you if you were to like
7fRri28D20o-00686-00186360-00186581 look back into the past
7fRri28D20o-00687-00186582-00186785 imagine what it would have been like to
7fRri28D20o-00688-00186786-00187145 live in New York City in like the 1910s
7fRri28D20o-00689-00187146-00187337 when people were still like chucking
7fRri28D20o-00690-00187338-00187535 their chamber pots out the [__]
7fRri28D20o-00691-00187536-00187738 Windows into the street like throwing
7fRri28D20o-00692-00187739-00187901 your garbage out the window and like
7fRri28D20o-00693-00187902-00188075 people just had to cope with that and
7fRri28D20o-00694-00188076-00188297 they did because that was what they had
7fRri28D20o-00695-00188298-00188807 to live with to live okay
7fRri28D20o-00696-00188808-00188975 um
7fRri28D20o-00697-00188976-00189275 so normalization is a thing that we have
7fRri28D20o-00698-00189276-00189473 to be able to do to a certain degree our
7fRri28D20o-00699-00189474-00189683 brains have to be able to get used to
7fRri28D20o-00700-00189684-00190025 certain things but as you can imagine
7fRri28D20o-00701-00190026-00190271 getting used to certain things can lead
7fRri28D20o-00702-00190272-00190499 us to some very dark and horrifying
7fRri28D20o-00703-00190500-00190661 existences
7fRri28D20o-00704-00190662-00190847 there are all kinds of things in our
7fRri28D20o-00705-00190848-00191183 lives right now that are that are uh uh
7fRri28D20o-00706-00191184-00191440 that are normalized
7fRri28D20o-00707-00191441-00191740 that should absolutely not be
7fRri28D20o-00708-00191741-00191873 and there are some things that are
7fRri28D20o-00709-00191874-00192119 attempting to become normalized
7fRri28D20o-00710-00192120-00192376 and if they become normalized
7fRri28D20o-00711-00192377-00192593 if we get to a society do you guys
7fRri28D20o-00712-00192594-00192809 really do you really want to live in a
7fRri28D20o-00713-00192810-00193126 society where [__] people [__]
7fRri28D20o-00714-00193127-00193390 Nazis feel comfortable see hiling and
7fRri28D20o-00715-00193391-00193775 and and and and harassing Jewish people
7fRri28D20o-00716-00193776-00194063 in public in broad daylight is that the
7fRri28D20o-00717-00194064-00194285 type of society that we want to live in
7fRri28D20o-00718-00194286-00194549 and if the answer is no then we have to
7fRri28D20o-00719-00194550-00194699 start asking ourselves what the [__] are
7fRri28D20o-00720-00194700-00194926 we going to do about it and at least for
7fRri28D20o-00721-00194927-00195011 me
7fRri28D20o-00722-00195012-00195371 I I I'm I'm an edutainer on the internet
7fRri28D20o-00723-00195372-00195593 I'm a YouTuber I yell about stuff I talk
7fRri28D20o-00724-00195594-00195838 about things I shine the light on things
7fRri28D20o-00725-00195839-00195983 and I get some people talking about it
7fRri28D20o-00726-00195984-00196223 and I make jokes so for me I know I'm
7fRri28D20o-00727-00196224-00196366 gonna make fun of these [__]
7fRri28D20o-00728-00196367-00196601 I'm going to be mean as [__] I'm gonna
7fRri28D20o-00729-00196602-00196835 take down these Nazi fascist
7fRri28D20o-00730-00196836-00197009 [__] and make them feel
7fRri28D20o-00731-00197010-00197207 embarrassed make them hide their face
7fRri28D20o-00732-00197208-00197428 make them run away and feel embarrassed
7fRri28D20o-00733-00197429-00197669 and lose standing I'm gonna just I'm
7fRri28D20o-00734-00197670-00197825 gonna do everything I can to make them
7fRri28D20o-00735-00197826-00198064 look as stupid as [__] okay but that's
7fRri28D20o-00736-00198065-00198221 not enough
7fRri28D20o-00737-00198222-00198652 we need basically everyone possible to
7fRri28D20o-00738-00198653-00199049 denounce this [__] as hard as possible
7fRri28D20o-00739-00199050-00199175 because
7fRri28D20o-00740-00199176-00199445 like I said you don't have to get to a
7fRri28D20o-00741-00199446-00199828 society that's 80 Nazi to have something
7fRri28D20o-00742-00199829-00200171 horrible happen all you need is a is is
7fRri28D20o-00743-00200172-00200387 enough people that feel bold enough that
7fRri28D20o-00744-00200388-00200537 they can organize in the daytime and
7fRri28D20o-00745-00200538-00200843 they can do a lot of harm
7fRri28D20o-00746-00200844-00201059 yeah exactly it's like a cancer you
7fRri28D20o-00747-00201060-00201197 don't need to be made out of half of
7fRri28D20o-00748-00201198-00201359 cancer to die from it you only need a
7fRri28D20o-00749-00201360-00201449 little bit
7fRri28D20o-00750-00201450-00201833 and it is cancerous don't ever you the
7fRri28D20o-00751-00201834-00202138 the right wing saying oh the left calls
7fRri28D20o-00752-00202139-00202390 everyone a Nazi really did some serious
7fRri28D20o-00753-00202391-00202637 damage to our Collective brains because
7fRri28D20o-00754-00202638-00203021 it's made everyone feel like hesitant to
7fRri28D20o-00755-00203022-00203225 call out [__] anti-Semitism and to
7fRri28D20o-00756-00203226-00203590 call out Nazism no be bold these people
7fRri28D20o-00757-00203591-00203863 suck people racists [__] suck
7fRri28D20o-00758-00203864-00204125 transphobes [__] suck they're
7fRri28D20o-00759-00204126-00204400 horrible people they make life bad
7fRri28D20o-00760-00204401-00204676 racist anti-semites transphobes
7fRri28D20o-00761-00204677-00204953 homophobes these people suck they're
7fRri28D20o-00762-00204954-00205205 horrible they take their shitty bigoted
7fRri28D20o-00763-00205206-00205427 views and they make everyone else live
7fRri28D20o-00764-00205428-00205655 life their way or else they make
7fRri28D20o-00765-00205656-00205834 everyone uncomfortable they can't live
7fRri28D20o-00766-00205835-00206069 in harmony with others [__] that [__]
7fRri28D20o-00767-00206069-00206255 you are not wrong for pushing back
7fRri28D20o-00768-00206256-00206525 against that at all
7fRri28D20o-00769-00206526-00206833 no one is
7hH4muaukvo-00000-00001655-00002054 no Vince negatives alma maters now it
7hH4muaukvo-00001-00002055-00002417 leaves more Beatrix grants me to water
7hH4muaukvo-00002-00002418-00002888 bottle bow tie pran compañera I take und
7hH4muaukvo-00003-00002889-00003281 Monday vellum eater go able to play
7hH4muaukvo-00004-00003282-00004695 store low-poly vinegar equal type KL d
7hH4muaukvo-00005-00004696-00005285 Indic keyboard DNA marrow inside risk on
7hH4muaukvo-00006-00005286-00006229 D in Turkish Ranga may go tossed around
7hH4muaukvo-00007-00006230-00006903 the other G both G botnet redress Conde
7hH4muaukvo-00008-00006904-00007280 able to jboden a type change occur type
7hH4muaukvo-00009-00007281-00007475 of verbal blow shut away
7hH4muaukvo-00010-00007476-00007988 G board any type K and E Ted tested on
7hH4muaukvo-00011-00007989-00008249 each ink cartridge Sunday in short race
7hH4muaukvo-00012-00008250-00008780 Carranza middle sitting now why John
7hH4muaukvo-00013-00008781-00009203 Cain able to nd in a mutation ANCA major
7hH4muaukvo-00014-00009204-00009710 wats up on JN d open-ended opened a
7hH4muaukvo-00015-00009711-00010492 Shinigami e Mirajane case an austere and
7hH4muaukvo-00016-00010493-00010808 Clinton are o at the Dinah our contact
7hH4muaukvo-00017-00010809-00010844 knee
7hH4muaukvo-00018-00010845-00011188 click gen occasion Anka Mickey body Dow
7hH4muaukvo-00019-00011189-00011492 which are studying ocean Anka maker
7hH4muaukvo-00020-00011493-00011685 English and grammar Tony rush Cessna
7hH4muaukvo-00021-00011686-00011981 Duncan lawn fresh and run PlayStation
7hH4muaukvo-00022-00011982-00012484 ANCA ceramic body Pettigrew
7hH4muaukvo-00023-00012485-00012753 ABC Iran ikura Rondo said johnsy
7hH4muaukvo-00024-00012754-00013176 creature and in the Education Committee
7hH4muaukvo-00025-00013177-00013549 named Dexter type they say Akana Telugu
7hH4muaukvo-00026-00013550-00013791 diversity trendy color high-end type
7hH4muaukvo-00027-00013793-00014047 Cajun English na ma carotid buddha
7hH4muaukvo-00028-00014047-00015183 high-energy knee diastole
7hH4muaukvo-00029-00015184-00016107 good morning and interested good morning
7hH4muaukvo-00030-00016108-00016471 to the different good Manning and depth
7hH4muaukvo-00031-00016472-00016666 it's a good money on in English that
7hH4muaukvo-00032-00016667-00017188 abject cetera the display India Cara my
7hH4muaukvo-00033-00017189-00017383 name my English that I placed aircraft
7hH4muaukvo-00034-00017384-00017753 Caligula display hid it de Muro the
7hH4muaukvo-00035-00017754-00018130 would you diverted to a to indeed
7hH4muaukvo-00036-00018131-00018450 attribute a nice literature to endemic
7hH4muaukvo-00037-00018451-00018844 butanna the damages birthday Jordan
7hH4muaukvo-00038-00018845-00019222 Amira Tennessee maybe we don't agitate I
7hH4muaukvo-00039-00019223-00019558 can't is Eddie any Tanana subscribe
7hH4muaukvo-00040-00019559-00019906 Gandhi I can often hear the hint a month
7hH4muaukvo-00041-00019907-00020251 arrange to be de rigueur it down
7i5C9u2KGyM-00000-00000387-00000683 so in this experiment or this very short
7i5C9u2KGyM-00001-00000684-00000916 demonstration we're going to look at is
7i5C9u2KGyM-00002-00000917-00001253 evidence of cellular respiration okay
7i5C9u2KGyM-00003-00001254-00001595 so we have here is a set of chickpeas
7i5C9u2KGyM-00004-00001596-00001928 that have been left overnight in just
7i5C9u2KGyM-00005-00001929-00002003 some water
7i5C9u2KGyM-00006-00002004-00002272 and so periodically they were agitated
7i5C9u2KGyM-00007-00002273-00002506 so oxygen is added to the solution but
7i5C9u2KGyM-00008-00002507-00002785 then it's been sealed off so that any
7i5C9u2KGyM-00009-00002786-00002935 kind of product of the respiration will
7i5C9u2KGyM-00010-00002936-00003188 be trapped inside here and so on the
7i5C9u2KGyM-00011-00003189-00003353 products or byproducts of respiration is
7i5C9u2KGyM-00012-00003354-00003722 going to be co2 carbon dioxide and now
7i5C9u2KGyM-00013-00003722-00003940 what happens is that what would happen
7i5C9u2KGyM-00014-00003942-00004132 right now what is unclear we'd have lots
7i5C9u2KGyM-00015-00004133-00004381 of carbon dioxide in here and what we
7i5C9u2KGyM-00016-00004382-00004631 have is a hose that we can use to
7i5C9u2KGyM-00017-00004632-00004895 release that carbon dioxide so we're
7i5C9u2KGyM-00018-00004896-00005050 going to do is we're going to test for
7i5C9u2KGyM-00019-00005051-00005218 the presence of carbon dioxide using a
7i5C9u2KGyM-00020-00005219-00005522 pH indicator okay so what we're going to
7i5C9u2KGyM-00021-00005523-00005677 do is we've got up to some water into
7i5C9u2KGyM-00022-00005678-00006856 this beaker over here for some water
7i5C9u2KGyM-00023-00006858-00006986 and we're going to add some of this
7i5C9u2KGyM-00024-00006987-00007328 indicator so roma final glue is a pH
7i5C9u2KGyM-00025-00007329-00007550 indicator it starts out blue
7i5C9u2KGyM-00026-00007551-00008255 that's a neutral pH max as you make the
7i5C9u2KGyM-00027-00008256-00008504 solution more acidic it will change
7i5C9u2KGyM-00028-00008505-00008783 color thanks I will change colors to
7i5C9u2KGyM-00029-00008784-00009145 green or yellow and then what the pH is
7i5C9u2KGyM-00030-00009146-00009470 so why would expect that pH to change
7i5C9u2KGyM-00031-00009471-00009761 here when I release this clamp what we
7i5C9u2KGyM-00032-00009762-00009878 should see is that it was warming some
7i5C9u2KGyM-00033-00009879-00010175 gas going from here into the water it
7i5C9u2KGyM-00034-00010176-00010427 will bubble through the water and if
7i5C9u2KGyM-00035-00010428-00010589 there's aught of co2 in there if there's
7i5C9u2KGyM-00036-00010590-00010802 a lot of co2 in there what will happen
7i5C9u2KGyM-00037-00010803-00010934 is that co2 will dissolve in the water
7i5C9u2KGyM-00038-00010935-00011366 and make carbonic acid okay so h2o plus
7i5C9u2KGyM-00039-00011367-00011696 co2 and make carbonic acid which will
7i5C9u2KGyM-00040-00011697-00011999 acidify the solution and change the pH
7i5C9u2KGyM-00041-00012000-00012194 okay so let's take a look at this
7i5C9u2KGyM-00042-00012195-00013993 actually happens
7i5C9u2KGyM-00043-00013994-00015441 which guys pushing
7i5C9u2KGyM-00044-00015443-00015788 so there wasn't much gas dissolved well
7i5C9u2KGyM-00045-00015788-00015988 there was much gas in the air but as
7i5C9u2KGyM-00046-00015990-00016166 many some gas dissolved in this water so
7i5C9u2KGyM-00047-00016166-00016517 to move things along and not have to
7i5C9u2KGyM-00048-00016518-00016685 wait for many hours for this co2
7i5C9u2KGyM-00049-00016686-00016937 build-up can I pour a bit of this water
7i5C9u2KGyM-00050-00016938-00017423 from inside and to our indicator
7i5C9u2KGyM-00051-00017424-00017947 solution
7i5C9u2KGyM-00052-00017948-00018357 so we can see here and then the secret
7i5C9u2KGyM-00053-00018358-00018589 is in fact it's running green because
7i5C9u2KGyM-00054-00018590-00019095 the solution inside here is acidic
7iermpRqlkE-00000-00000388-00000935 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00001-00000936-00001251 so
7iermpRqlkE-00002-00001252-00001953 [Music]
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7iermpRqlkE-00005-00002404-00003236 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00006-00003238-00006076 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00007-00006077-00007703 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00008-00007704-00009287 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00009-00009288-00009580 so
7iermpRqlkE-00010-00009581-00011474 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00011-00011475-00011584 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00012-00011585-00012123 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00013-00012124-00013722 [Music]
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7iermpRqlkE-00017-00015813-00016304 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00018-00016305-00017776 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00019-00017777-00018879 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00020-00018880-00019044 so
7iermpRqlkE-00021-00019045-00019882 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00022-00019883-00020913 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00023-00020914-00021685 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00024-00021686-00022067 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00025-00022068-00022199 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00026-00022200-00024046 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00027-00024047-00024394 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00028-00024395-00024848 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00029-00024849-00025041 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00030-00025042-00026241 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00031-00026242-00026475 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00032-00026476-00026581 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00033-00026582-00026872 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00034-00026873-00027114 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00035-00027116-00027525 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00036-00027526-00028707 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00037-00028708-00028958 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00038-00028960-00030087 foreign
7iermpRqlkE-00039-00030088-00031211 i know
7iermpRqlkE-00040-00031212-00031848 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00041-00031849-00033190 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00042-00033191-00033482 thank you
7iermpRqlkE-00043-00033483-00034687 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00044-00034688-00035799 so
7iermpRqlkE-00045-00035800-00036609 so
7iermpRqlkE-00046-00036610-00037125 [Music]
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7iermpRqlkE-00048-00038387-00038756 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00049-00038757-00040126 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00050-00040127-00040346 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00051-00040347-00041656 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00052-00041657-00041995 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00054-00048451-00049141 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00055-00049142-00049342 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00056-00049343-00049615 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00057-00049616-00050659 so
7iermpRqlkE-00058-00050660-00052320 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00059-00052321-00052915 [Music]
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7iermpRqlkE-00061-00053629-00054211 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00062-00054212-00055119 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00063-00055120-00055305 so
7iermpRqlkE-00064-00055307-00056701 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00065-00056702-00057298 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00066-00057299-00058472 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00067-00058473-00058950 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00068-00058951-00059486 my
7iermpRqlkE-00069-00059487-00059900 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00070-00059901-00060911 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00071-00060912-00061547 so
7iermpRqlkE-00072-00061548-00062999 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00073-00063000-00063380 yes
7iermpRqlkE-00074-00063382-00064040 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00075-00064041-00064676 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00076-00064677-00065087 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00077-00065088-00065652 so
7iermpRqlkE-00078-00065653-00067255 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00079-00067256-00067479 thank you
7iermpRqlkE-00080-00067480-00067748 okay
7iermpRqlkE-00081-00067749-00069031 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00082-00069032-00070101 so
7iermpRqlkE-00083-00070102-00070451 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00084-00070452-00070621 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00085-00070622-00071629 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00086-00071630-00072649 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00087-00072650-00073447 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00088-00073448-00074548 so
7iermpRqlkE-00089-00074549-00074912 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00090-00074913-00074989 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00091-00074990-00075360 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00092-00075361-00075717 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00093-00075718-00076287 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00094-00076288-00077049 so
7iermpRqlkE-00095-00077050-00078558 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00096-00078559-00079126 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00097-00079127-00079342 so
7iermpRqlkE-00098-00079343-00080644 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00100-00083873-00084570 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00101-00084571-00085900 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00102-00085901-00087093 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00103-00087094-00088735 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00104-00088736-00088866 so
7iermpRqlkE-00105-00088867-00089322 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00106-00089323-00089895 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00107-00089896-00089965 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00108-00089966-00091181 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00109-00091182-00092380 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00110-00092381-00093055 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00111-00093056-00093731 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00112-00093732-00093862 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00113-00093863-00094429 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00114-00094430-00095135 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00115-00095136-00096504 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00116-00096505-00097755 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00117-00097756-00099115 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00118-00099116-00100111 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00119-00100112-00100752 so
7iermpRqlkE-00120-00100753-00101928 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00121-00101929-00103990 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00122-00103991-00104118 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00123-00104119-00104875 so
7iermpRqlkE-00124-00104876-00105055 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00125-00105056-00107239 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00126-00107240-00107582 so
7iermpRqlkE-00127-00107583-00108518 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00129-00111748-00112048 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00130-00112049-00112623 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00131-00112624-00112945 so
7iermpRqlkE-00132-00112946-00114558 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00133-00114559-00115034 oh
7iermpRqlkE-00134-00115035-00115776 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00135-00115777-00116416 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00136-00116417-00117314 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00138-00120708-00122741 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00139-00122742-00123433 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00140-00123433-00123843 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00141-00123844-00124545 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00142-00124546-00125443 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00143-00125444-00126705 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00144-00126706-00127208 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00145-00127209-00128183 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00146-00128184-00128623 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00147-00128624-00129870 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00148-00129871-00132256 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00149-00132257-00132439 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00150-00132440-00132690 so
7iermpRqlkE-00151-00132691-00135542 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00152-00135543-00136532 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00153-00136533-00137823 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00154-00137824-00138023 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00155-00138024-00138326 so
7iermpRqlkE-00156-00138327-00139258 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00157-00139259-00141211 [Applause]
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7iermpRqlkE-00160-00145666-00145966 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00161-00145967-00146486 [Music]
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7iermpRqlkE-00163-00148472-00148953 oh
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7iermpRqlkE-00168-00154429-00156461 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00169-00156462-00157153 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00170-00157154-00157563 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00171-00157564-00158265 [Music]
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7iermpRqlkE-00173-00159288-00159429 hey
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7iermpRqlkE-00176-00159985-00161071 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00177-00161072-00161368 so
7iermpRqlkE-00178-00161369-00163207 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00179-00163208-00163347 so
7iermpRqlkE-00180-00163348-00163867 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00181-00163868-00164404 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00183-00167655-00168155 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00184-00168156-00168261 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00186-00171565-00172375 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00187-00172376-00172986 you
7iermpRqlkE-00188-00172987-00174862 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00189-00174863-00175724 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00190-00175725-00176876 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00191-00176877-00177929 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00192-00177930-00178430 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00193-00178431-00180902 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00194-00180903-00181339 my name is
7iermpRqlkE-00195-00181340-00183927 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00196-00183928-00185167 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00197-00185168-00185984 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00198-00185985-00186318 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00199-00186319-00186442 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00200-00186443-00187010 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00201-00187011-00187411 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00202-00187412-00188013 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00203-00188014-00188044 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00204-00188045-00189766 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00205-00189767-00190629 so
7iermpRqlkE-00206-00190630-00191076 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00207-00191077-00191424 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00208-00191425-00192413 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00209-00192414-00193239 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00210-00193240-00193614 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00211-00193615-00194252 so
7iermpRqlkE-00212-00194253-00195180 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00213-00195181-00196136 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00214-00196137-00196487 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00215-00196488-00196769 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00216-00196770-00196946 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00217-00196947-00197458 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00218-00197459-00198441 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00219-00198442-00199343 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00220-00199344-00199719 so
7iermpRqlkE-00221-00199720-00199769 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00222-00199770-00200500 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00223-00200501-00202732 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00224-00202733-00204220 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00225-00204221-00204244 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00226-00204245-00204807 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00227-00204808-00205412 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00228-00205413-00206158 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00229-00206159-00206385 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00230-00206386-00206691 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00231-00206692-00207266 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00232-00207267-00207637 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00233-00207638-00208068 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00234-00208069-00208282 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00235-00208283-00208480 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00236-00208481-00208498 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00237-00208500-00209247 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00238-00209248-00209948 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00239-00209950-00210041 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00240-00210042-00210531 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00241-00210532-00210584 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00242-00210585-00210746 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00243-00210748-00212282 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00244-00212283-00212413 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00245-00212414-00212467 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00246-00212469-00212646 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00247-00212648-00212857 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00248-00212858-00212996 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00249-00212996-00213534 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00250-00213535-00213991 so
7iermpRqlkE-00251-00213992-00214494 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00252-00214496-00214823 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00253-00214823-00216244 so
7iermpRqlkE-00254-00216246-00217846 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00255-00217848-00219263 do
7iermpRqlkE-00256-00219264-00219516 so
7iermpRqlkE-00257-00219517-00220312 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00258-00220313-00221223 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00259-00221223-00221333 um
7iermpRqlkE-00260-00221334-00221562 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00261-00221563-00221873 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00262-00221873-00222312 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00263-00222313-00224009 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00264-00224010-00224085 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00265-00224086-00224496 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00266-00224496-00224831 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00267-00224832-00224958 so
7iermpRqlkE-00268-00224959-00225219 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00269-00225221-00225910 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00270-00225911-00226062 so
7iermpRqlkE-00271-00226063-00227527 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00272-00227528-00227982 so
7iermpRqlkE-00273-00227983-00229469 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00274-00229471-00230001 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00275-00230002-00231663 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00276-00231664-00232076 so
7iermpRqlkE-00277-00232077-00232128 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00278-00232129-00232307 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00279-00232308-00233151 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00280-00233152-00233791 so
7iermpRqlkE-00281-00233792-00234382 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00282-00234383-00235934 so
7iermpRqlkE-00283-00235935-00237331 so
7iermpRqlkE-00284-00237332-00238581 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00285-00238582-00239096 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00286-00239098-00240110 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00287-00240111-00240633 so
7iermpRqlkE-00288-00240634-00242830 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00289-00242831-00243033 so
7iermpRqlkE-00290-00243034-00245146 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00291-00245148-00245509 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00292-00245510-00245855 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00293-00245856-00246226 so
7iermpRqlkE-00294-00246227-00246771 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00295-00246771-00247975 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00296-00247976-00248223 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00297-00248223-00248448 so
7iermpRqlkE-00298-00248448-00248896 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00299-00248896-00249885 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00300-00249886-00252342 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00301-00252342-00253538 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00302-00253539-00253778 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00303-00253779-00254555 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00304-00254556-00255164 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00305-00255165-00256823 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00306-00256823-00258339 so
7iermpRqlkE-00307-00258340-00259675 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00308-00259676-00259846 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00309-00259848-00260619 so
7iermpRqlkE-00310-00260619-00261063 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00311-00261064-00261190 so
7iermpRqlkE-00312-00261191-00261663 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00313-00261664-00261717 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00314-00261717-00261848 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00315-00261848-00262540 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00316-00262541-00264858 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00317-00264859-00265325 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00318-00265326-00266934 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00319-00266935-00268375 do
7iermpRqlkE-00320-00268376-00269636 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00321-00269637-00269767 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00322-00269768-00270297 do
7iermpRqlkE-00323-00270298-00271101 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00324-00271102-00273815 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00325-00273816-00274406 do
7iermpRqlkE-00326-00274407-00275295 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00327-00275296-00276065 do
7iermpRqlkE-00328-00276066-00276460 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00329-00276461-00276938 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00330-00276939-00277443 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00331-00277444-00277769 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00332-00277770-00277959 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00333-00277960-00279499 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00334-00279500-00280734 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00335-00280735-00282380 so
7iermpRqlkE-00336-00282381-00282785 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00337-00282786-00283561 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00338-00283562-00284927 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00339-00284928-00285444 so
7iermpRqlkE-00340-00285445-00286843 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00341-00286844-00287895 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00342-00287896-00289628 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00344-00293995-00294773 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00345-00294774-00296259 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00346-00296260-00297296 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00347-00297297-00298887 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00348-00298888-00299111 so
7iermpRqlkE-00349-00299112-00299884 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00350-00299885-00300447 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00351-00300448-00301252 so
7iermpRqlkE-00352-00301253-00301545 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00353-00301546-00301856 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00354-00301857-00302300 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00355-00302301-00302606 [Laughter]
7iermpRqlkE-00356-00302607-00302958 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00357-00302959-00303108 um
7iermpRqlkE-00358-00303109-00303816 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00359-00303817-00304103 [Applause]
7iermpRqlkE-00360-00304104-00304447 [Music]
7iermpRqlkE-00361-00304448-00304655 you
7jM4fvxok6c-00000-00000061-00000275 [Applause]
7jM4fvxok6c-00001-00000276-00001107 [Music]
7jM4fvxok6c-00002-00001108-00001527 so you've got this new Boston Harbor
7jM4fvxok6c-00003-00001528-00001734 distillery project it just dis
7jM4fvxok6c-00004-00001735-00001875 unbelievable take some video and some
7jM4fvxok6c-00005-00001876-00002004 pictures when you get back so you can
7jM4fvxok6c-00006-00002005-00002126 kind of show the audience what it looks
7jM4fvxok6c-00007-00002127-00002433 like you you you've reinvented yourself
7jM4fvxok6c-00008-00002434-00002673 as an entrepreneur the number of times I
7jM4fvxok6c-00009-00002674-00002847 mean if anything you just you it's the
7jM4fvxok6c-00010-00002848-00003063 evolution of Ronda and you know in terms
7jM4fvxok6c-00011-00003064-00003309 of evolution
7jM4fvxok6c-00012-00003310-00003477 well when you get to be this old to get
7jM4fvxok6c-00013-00003478-00003963 really good time I just think it's so
7jM4fvxok6c-00014-00003964-00004445 awesome to hear about this like I never
7jM4fvxok6c-00015-00004446-00004670 never quit attitude I was curious
7jM4fvxok6c-00016-00004671-00004961 kind of two things one is I mean you
7jM4fvxok6c-00017-00004962-00005193 also had cancer he's here you did have
7jM4fvxok6c-00018-00005194-00005229 cancer
7jM4fvxok6c-00019-00005230-00005552 yeah yeah yeah so I was scared yes only
7jM4fvxok6c-00020-00005553-00005895 cancer survivor mother of three serial
7jM4fvxok6c-00021-00005896-00006225 entrepreneur was there any moment where
7jM4fvxok6c-00022-00006226-00006473 you were just like why the eff am i
7jM4fvxok6c-00023-00006475-00006798 doing this and then you're just like I'm
7jM4fvxok6c-00024-00006798-00007056 gonna throw the towel and I'm done you
7jM4fvxok6c-00025-00007056-00007236 know dancing why didn't you well night
7jM4fvxok6c-00026-00007237-00007631 my oldest was like 11 at the time and I
7jM4fvxok6c-00027-00007633-00007898 when I had a new century Brewing Company
7jM4fvxok6c-00028-00007900-00008346 and it was February and I asked Jesse I
7jM4fvxok6c-00029-00008347-00008505 was freezing cold here each one felt
7jM4fvxok6c-00030-00008506-00008802 like beer and I just I came home and I
7jM4fvxok6c-00031-00008803-00008955 was on the couch and like the Baha I
7jM4fvxok6c-00032-00008956-00009135 don't know whether I should keep doing
7jM4fvxok6c-00033-00009136-00009327 this whether I should shut this thing
7jM4fvxok6c-00034-00009328-00009546 down and here's my 11 year old daughter
7jM4fvxok6c-00035-00009547-00009696 who's 20 to nothing
7jM4fvxok6c-00036-00009697-00009960 and she looked at me and she said my mom
7jM4fvxok6c-00037-00009961-00010146 is not a quitter Oh
7jM4fvxok6c-00038-00010147-00010320 that's like yeah you're right you're
7jM4fvxok6c-00039-00010321-00010674 right and you know she inspired me at
7jM4fvxok6c-00040-00010675-00011022 that moment shortly thereafter I was
7jM4fvxok6c-00041-00011023-00011418 diagnosed with with breast cancer and it
7jM4fvxok6c-00042-00011419-00011688 was pretty aggressive and it was scary
7jM4fvxok6c-00043-00011689-00011964 because I had these to be kids I ended
7jM4fvxok6c-00044-00011965-00012249 up having a left-side mastectomy which
7jM4fvxok6c-00045-00012250-00012705 is great we caught it but when I had to
7jM4fvxok6c-00046-00012706-00013113 tell my children that was the hardest
7jM4fvxok6c-00047-00013113-00013152 part
7jM4fvxok6c-00048-00013153-00013391 like there's nothing there's no book or
7jM4fvxok6c-00049-00013393-00013713 parental guy who's that you got so I was
7jM4fvxok6c-00050-00013713-00013896 putting her in a bed one night it's like
7jM4fvxok6c-00051-00013897-00014565 she's I think she was 12 and I told her
7jM4fvxok6c-00052-00014566-00015019 and she said mom can you can you die
7jM4fvxok6c-00053-00015021-00015338 dancer
7jM4fvxok6c-00054-00015340-00015689 and I said I didn't know what to say but
7jM4fvxok6c-00055-00015690-00016266 I said okay Kelly yeah you can't but
7jM4fvxok6c-00056-00016266-00016394 that's not me
7jM4fvxok6c-00057-00016395-00016746 you can die from walking across the
7jM4fvxok6c-00058-00016747-00017291 street
7jM4fvxok6c-00059-00017292-00017555 you know you can type wagon cross street
7jM4fvxok6c-00060-00017556-00017771 not looking both ways that's not to be
7jM4fvxok6c-00061-00017772-00017960 undone to me I'm going to be fine
7jM4fvxok6c-00062-00017961-00018254 and so when you face with that stuff
7jM4fvxok6c-00063-00018255-00018467 always and I think honesty is the best
7jM4fvxok6c-00064-00018468-00018857 policy and if you can bring it back to
7jM4fvxok6c-00065-00018858-00019298 something that is relatable it seemed to
7jM4fvxok6c-00066-00019299-00019501 work out just fine
7jM4fvxok6c-00067-00019502-00019871 yeah so it you know my dog my lucky
7jM4fvxok6c-00068-00019872-00020108 luckily I'm in Boston Dana farmers here
7jM4fvxok6c-00069-00020109-00020394 and you have the best set of doctors and
7jM4fvxok6c-00070-00020395-00020651 you don't ease and you're gonna be all
7jM4fvxok6c-00071-00020652-00020675 right
7jM4fvxok6c-00072-00020676-00021182 you've got to be fully you know the
7jM4fvxok6c-00073-00021183-00021424 hardest part is when you lose your hair
7jM4fvxok6c-00074-00021425-00021769 and that you just all of a sudden every
7jM4fvxok6c-00075-00021770-00022139 day you're changing and it's really
7jM4fvxok6c-00076-00022140-00022364 gorgeous Hannah deer season yeah and
7jM4fvxok6c-00077-00022365-00023105 everybody else does
7jM4fvxok6c-00078-00023106-00023344 you get through it anyway you did
7jM4fvxok6c-00079-00023345-00024266 Michael it's all good it's just actually
7jM4fvxok6c-00080-00024267-00024852 11 years 11 years ago maybe using with
7jM4fvxok6c-00081-00024853-00025388 you thank you it's all good and you know
7jM4fvxok6c-00082-00025389-00025569 if it had to happen
7jM4fvxok6c-00083-00025570-00025764 somebody better me that most because I'm
7jM4fvxok6c-00084-00025764-00026003 strong and I knew I could fight it and I
7jM4fvxok6c-00085-00026004-00026289 could beat it and I have the right so as
7jM4fvxok6c-00086-00026289-00026495 soon as I was diagnosed and my husband
7jM4fvxok6c-00087-00026497-00026643 and I went to see the doctor and they
7jM4fvxok6c-00088-00026644-00026898 told me that I needed a mastectomy and
7jM4fvxok6c-00089-00026899-00027123 my business wasn't doing that well and I
7jM4fvxok6c-00090-00027124-00027537 seen you know maybe it's time to shut it
7jM4fvxok6c-00091-00027538-00028190 down this is a good reason like whatever
7jM4fvxok6c-00092-00028191-00028514 you want and we were not in the car ten
7jM4fvxok6c-00093-00028516-00028701 minutes when I said what the hell am I
7jM4fvxok6c-00094-00028702-00028865 gonna do sit around and watch the grass
7jM4fvxok6c-00095-00028866-00029664 grow and be sick yeah so I loved the
7jM4fvxok6c-00096-00029664-00029820 fact though that you're just sitting on
7jM4fvxok6c-00097-00029820-00029967 your couch and just like why the heck am
7jM4fvxok6c-00098-00029968-00030539 I doing this
7jM4fvxok6c-00099-00030539-00030837 so you don't be talking earlier about
7jM4fvxok6c-00100-00030838-00031082 you've got all these kids how do you do
7jM4fvxok6c-00101-00031083-00031529 it and it's simple they realize that you
7jM4fvxok6c-00102-00031530-00031789 know I'm separate from them even though
7jM4fvxok6c-00103-00031791-00031955 we're always be together I know there's
7jM4fvxok6c-00104-00031956-00032387 always that love I just think that's so
7jM4fvxok6c-00105-00032388-00032729 important though for kids and parents to
7jM4fvxok6c-00106-00032730-00032942 be their own people as much as you're a
7jM4fvxok6c-00107-00032943-00033199 family unit you're still your own people
7jM4fvxok6c-00108-00033200-00033506 you're not your kids you're not your
7jM4fvxok6c-00109-00033507-00033692 spouse you're your own self and they're
7jM4fvxok6c-00110-00033693-00033983 not you and they're not you wanted you
7jM4fvxok6c-00111-00033984-00034121 know in a lot of the stuff that I'm
7jM4fvxok6c-00112-00034122-00034268 already about right now and that's like
7jM4fvxok6c-00113-00034269-00034412 the number one reason people get angry
7jM4fvxok6c-00114-00034413-00034532 with their children because they're
7jM4fvxok6c-00115-00034533-00034724 showing up away they're showing up in
7jM4fvxok6c-00116-00034725-00035075 the world in a way that is like the
7jM4fvxok6c-00117-00035076-00035221 parent and they don't like it because
7jM4fvxok6c-00118-00035222-00035429 they're seeing it in their kid or
7jM4fvxok6c-00119-00035430-00035564 they're showing up in the world in a way
7jM4fvxok6c-00120-00035565-00035812 that they don't want other people to
7jM4fvxok6c-00121-00035813-00036026 show up and they get angry about it but
7jM4fvxok6c-00122-00036027-00036275 it's at the end the day that kids their
7jM4fvxok6c-00123-00036276-00036436 own self
7jM4fvxok6c-00124-00036437-00036736 yeah to thine own self be true yeah and
7jM4fvxok6c-00125-00036737-00036886 that is how we phrased her let's
7jM4fvxok6c-00126-00036887-00037140 Shakespeare but I borrow that no it's
7jM4fvxok6c-00127-00037141-00037405 okay and that's our children and that's
7jM4fvxok6c-00128-00037406-00037596 how we live our lives my husband's an
7jM4fvxok6c-00129-00037597-00038371 entrepreneur - oh so he can imagine this
7jM4fvxok6c-00130-00038372-00038626 is what the kids go up with and I'll be
7jM4fvxok6c-00131-00038627-00038779 honest with you two out of the three of
7jM4fvxok6c-00132-00038780-00038920 them are like I'm never being an
7jM4fvxok6c-00133-00038921-00039706 entrepreneur yeah yeah to meet you so
7jM4fvxok6c-00134-00039707-00040018 yeah that's when we were just stopping
7jM4fvxok6c-00135-00040019-00040351 there you're talking about but Putnam
7jM4fvxok6c-00136-00040352-00040471 has the brand that you're bringing out
7jM4fvxok6c-00137-00040472-00040630 right now and the meaning behind it so
7jM4fvxok6c-00138-00040631-00040870 he was just a quick little yeah I know
7jM4fvxok6c-00139-00040871-00041095 Putnam was the guy that he actually
7jM4fvxok6c-00140-00041096-00041278 built the fourth ever on it was very
7jM4fvxok6c-00141-00041279-00041465 important to the history of America he
7jM4fvxok6c-00142-00041466-00041698 automated the manufacturer of the hot
7jM4fvxok6c-00143-00041699-00041881 forged horseshoe nail and your
7jM4fvxok6c-00144-00041882-00042109 government contracts mine both sides of
7jM4fvxok6c-00145-00042110-00042283 the Civil War so that was the
7jM4fvxok6c-00146-00042284-00042517 inspiration for the name Putnam and the
7jM4fvxok6c-00147-00042518-00042700 horse and rider and the horse shoe which
7jM4fvxok6c-00148-00042701-00042951 you're sort of icons that are
7jM4fvxok6c-00149-00042952-00043290 inextricably linked to whiskey yeah
7jM4fvxok6c-00150-00043291-00043480 that's how I ended up with horses and
7jM4fvxok6c-00151-00043481-00043864 lost in the second leg people but that
7jM4fvxok6c-00152-00043865-00044149 was my inspiration and and the the area
7jM4fvxok6c-00153-00044150-00044296 that the building that were in has been
7jM4fvxok6c-00154-00044297-00044446 the center of entrepreneurial commerce
7jM4fvxok6c-00155-00044447-00044617 since the mid 1800s so as an
7jM4fvxok6c-00156-00044618-00044749 entrepreneur of course that was an
7jM4fvxok6c-00157-00044750-00045019 inspiration as well and then it was the
7jM4fvxok6c-00158-00045020-00045244 George so and the car came in and he
7jM4fvxok6c-00159-00045245-00045454 went out of business if you didn't need
7jM4fvxok6c-00160-00045455-00045757 horseshoe nails anymore in kili the
7jM4fvxok6c-00161-00045758-00046092 George Lally shipyard lolis is a famous
7jM4fvxok6c-00162-00046093-00046383 boat builder he actually built America's
7jM4fvxok6c-00163-00046384-00046681 Cup winning yachts and in my particular
7jM4fvxok6c-00164-00046682-00046975 building he too had government contracts
7jM4fvxok6c-00165-00046976-00047236 and made minesweepers for World War two
7jM4fvxok6c-00166-00047237-00047611 so I have my small-batch drum 100
7jM4fvxok6c-00167-00047612-00047764 percent molasses which is new
7jM4fvxok6c-00168-00047765-00048007 england-style named for Lalli's and then
7jM4fvxok6c-00169-00048008-00048127 the last notable
7jM4fvxok6c-00170-00048128-00048385 preneur to help commerce there was the
7jM4fvxok6c-00171-00048386-00048478 Seymours
7jM4fvxok6c-00172-00048479-00048853 ice cream factories and I actually have
7jM4fvxok6c-00173-00048854-00049378 a Kahlua and Bailey's disruptors I call
7jM4fvxok6c-00174-00049379-00049633 them craft disruptors I make the coffee
7jM4fvxok6c-00175-00049634-00049885 liqueur with all new england ingredients
7jM4fvxok6c-00176-00049886-00050221 all natural delicious and a maple rum
7jM4fvxok6c-00177-00050222-00050617 cream yeah it's coming from Canada -
7jM4fvxok6c-00178-00050618-00050887 it's just like Oh me a sip though right
7jM4fvxok6c-00179-00050888-00051121 so we're driving right yes a little bit
7jM4fvxok6c-00180-00051122-00051379 of coffee so they they were called
7jM4fvxok6c-00181-00051379-00051499 Seymour's but then I got a little
7jM4fvxok6c-00182-00051500-00051791 trademark kerfuffle with a winery that
7jM4fvxok6c-00183-00051792-00052104 basically have been named Seymour's and
7jM4fvxok6c-00184-00052104-00052363 they did a little research on me and my
7jM4fvxok6c-00185-00052364-00052588 company and decided they lawyer it up
7jM4fvxok6c-00186-00052589-00052804 and wanted me to send him a check every
7jM4fvxok6c-00187-00052804-00053016 quarter for the name seahorse all right
7jM4fvxok6c-00188-00053017-00053239 I changed up you and then of course the
7jM4fvxok6c-00189-00053240-00053457 spirit of Boston which is really a
7jM4fvxok6c-00190-00053458-00053734 tribute to my legacy and starting out in
7jM4fvxok6c-00191-00053735-00054007 the beer industry with Boston Beer
7jM4fvxok6c-00192-00054008-00054511 Company and we take finished beer and we
7jM4fvxok6c-00193-00054512-00054948 distill it into this delicious spirit
7jM4fvxok6c-00194-00054949-00055135 government won't let me call it whiskey
7jM4fvxok6c-00195-00055136-00055288 and they won't let me call it to still
7jM4fvxok6c-00196-00055289-00055498 beer so spirit isn't that catch-all
7jM4fvxok6c-00197-00055499-00055680 caravan we call it the spirit lost him
7jM4fvxok6c-00198-00055682-00056038 yeah and it's also just delightful yeah
7jM4fvxok6c-00199-00056039-00056269 I couldn't believe
7jM4fvxok6c-00200-00056270-00056582 - sometime not years hoping it tastes
7jM4fvxok6c-00201-00056583-00056930 like a wonderful whiskey and so the
7jM4fvxok6c-00202-00056931-00057092 government says you can't or can't say
7jM4fvxok6c-00203-00057094-00057753 it yeah it is it is the future I
7jM4fvxok6c-00204-00057754-00057956 actually like I said I have a trademark
7jM4fvxok6c-00205-00057957-00058163 on the evolution of beer because that's
7jM4fvxok6c-00206-00058164-00058361 what it is and that's what's so exciting
7jM4fvxok6c-00207-00058362-00058667 for me is because whiskey starts off is
7jM4fvxok6c-00208-00058668-00058929 the same process as beer it's just the
7jM4fvxok6c-00209-00058929-00059160 next evolution in Dili physically
7jM4fvxok6c-00210-00059161-00059448 literally literally yeah it's just one
7jM4fvxok6c-00211-00059449-00059634 different piece of equipment and it
7jM4fvxok6c-00212-00059635-00059888 changes everything so I think you're
7jM4fvxok6c-00213-00059889-00060222 gonna see a lot more of the the blurring
7jM4fvxok6c-00214-00060223-00060542 of the lines between beer and whiskey
7jM4fvxok6c-00215-00060543-00060822 awesome yeah I'm excited excited it's a
7jM4fvxok6c-00216-00060823-00060992 great time to be a you know witty
7jM4fvxok6c-00217-00060993-00062246 drinker in America yeah do something you
7jM4fvxok6c-00218-00062247-00062876 first thing that comes to mind is I mean
7jM4fvxok6c-00219-00062877-00063229 any business it's really the lifeblood
7jM4fvxok6c-00220-00063230-00063615 you know it's so he always be mindful of
7jM4fvxok6c-00221-00063616-00063829 that I mean I've started businesses
7jM4fvxok6c-00222-00063830-00064110 unfortunately been undercapitalized and
7jM4fvxok6c-00223-00064111-00064319 I've started now undercapitalized
7jM4fvxok6c-00224-00064320-00064541 because I couldn't raise the capital it
7jM4fvxok6c-00225-00064542-00064676 wasn't for lack of trying
7jM4fvxok6c-00226-00064677-00064907 whether it was not available or just not
7jM4fvxok6c-00227-00064908-00065141 available to me or nobody believed in
7jM4fvxok6c-00228-00065142-00065511 what I was trying to do enough but
7jM4fvxok6c-00229-00065512-00065675 fortunately there's always those
7jM4fvxok6c-00230-00065676-00066084 investors that I have that have believed
7jM4fvxok6c-00231-00066085-00066597 to be but ye so that's part of it try to
7jM4fvxok6c-00232-00066598-00066837 make less emotional decisions and more
7jM4fvxok6c-00233-00066838-00067140 factual decisions as much as possible
7jM4fvxok6c-00234-00067141-00067365 that's really important it's business
7jM4fvxok6c-00235-00067366-00067692 after all you know your heart has to be
7jM4fvxok6c-00236-00067693-00067953 part of it but it does come back to its
7jM4fvxok6c-00237-00067954-00068160 business and you need to create value
7jM4fvxok6c-00238-00068161-00068498 for your shareholders and for yourself
7jM4fvxok6c-00239-00068499-00068762 and for your family yeah
7jM4fvxok6c-00240-00068763-00069210 so then Eve is an example of a decision
7jM4fvxok6c-00241-00069211-00069440 how shows up like what made you say that
7jM4fvxok6c-00242-00069441-00069713 these daily decisions you know it's like
7jM4fvxok6c-00243-00069714-00069996 this is really what I I might want to do
7jM4fvxok6c-00244-00069997-00070236 but this is what I should do ah that's
7jM4fvxok6c-00245-00070237-00070329 really cool
7jM4fvxok6c-00246-00070330-00070578 yeah you just talk with that a little
7jM4fvxok6c-00247-00070579-00070688 bit more because I think that is
7jM4fvxok6c-00248-00070689-00070905 wonderful and everybody needs to hear
7jM4fvxok6c-00249-00070906-00071109 more about this including me this is
7jM4fvxok6c-00250-00071110-00071786 what I want to do this is what I mean
7jM4fvxok6c-00251-00071787-00071961 entrepreneurs we love to create things
7jM4fvxok6c-00252-00071962-00072200 we would love to create things that
7jM4fvxok6c-00253-00072201-00072540 perhaps consumers don't even know they
7jM4fvxok6c-00254-00072541-00072891 need and you know it goes back to the
7jM4fvxok6c-00255-00072892-00073106 innovation story it's like leading with
7jM4fvxok6c-00256-00073107-00073398 innovation I learned the hard way that
7jM4fvxok6c-00257-00073399-00073740 you can't really lead with it even
7jM4fvxok6c-00258-00073741-00074097 though that's the prideful piece is that
7jM4fvxok6c-00259-00074098-00074351 hey look this is something that doesn't
7jM4fvxok6c-00260-00074352-00074744 exist you or no one's done yet we can
7jM4fvxok6c-00261-00074745-00074957 say new way of doing this that no one's
7jM4fvxok6c-00262-00074958-00075051 even thought about
7jM4fvxok6c-00263-00075052-00075326 and that's that's excitement yeah that's
7jM4fvxok6c-00264-00075327-00075698 creating something interesting of value
7jM4fvxok6c-00265-00075699-00075924 but their discipline
7jM4fvxok6c-00266-00075925-00076125 let me give you another example like
7jM4fvxok6c-00267-00076126-00076572 Kant cocktails given that my background
7jM4fvxok6c-00268-00076573-00076893 is in the beer business lot of beer sold
7jM4fvxok6c-00269-00076894-00077112 in cans the coal box is a different
7jM4fvxok6c-00270-00077113-00077304 battle ground than the whiskey shelves
7jM4fvxok6c-00271-00077305-00077550 sure yeah okay yeah yeah I'm like
7jM4fvxok6c-00272-00077551-00077781 holding myself back from doing camp
7jM4fvxok6c-00273-00077782-00078156 cocktails because there's a ton of
7jM4fvxok6c-00274-00078157-00078469 energy towards canned wine can't Connor
7jM4fvxok6c-00275-00078470-00078885 and I am literally not embarking on that
7jM4fvxok6c-00276-00078886-00079086 as a company at this time because I just
7jM4fvxok6c-00277-00079087-00079367 don't have I don't have the resources
7jM4fvxok6c-00278-00079368-00079692 you know I don't have to go to go to
7jM4fvxok6c-00279-00079693-00080106 market structure to get it done and I
7jM4fvxok6c-00280-00080107-00080331 think that's okay I don't have to be the
7jM4fvxok6c-00281-00080332-00080694 first one in if I decide to do it later
7jM4fvxok6c-00282-00080695-00080862 I just have to have a plate of
7jM4fvxok6c-00283-00080863-00081015 difference whether it's better quality
7jM4fvxok6c-00284-00081016-00081297 or better packaging or better pricing or
7jM4fvxok6c-00285-00081298-00081612 better plate whatever it is it's not
7jM4fvxok6c-00286-00081613-00081819 delegating where I don't have to rush
7jM4fvxok6c-00287-00081820-00082311 into that market right so I'm just you
7jM4fvxok6c-00288-00082312-00082541 shiny penny everywhere
7jM4fvxok6c-00289-00082542-00082790 so it takes some discipline to do that
7jM4fvxok6c-00290-00082791-00082970 of course I have all these different
7jM4fvxok6c-00291-00082971-00083648 brand names under the umbrella and kind
7jM4fvxok6c-00293-00087906-00088144 you know we have to be careful because
7jM4fvxok6c-00294-00088145-00089060 innovation is it's expensive and you
7jM4fvxok6c-00295-00089061-00089243 know for me it's great because I have my
7jM4fvxok6c-00296-00089244-00089552 little skunk works and as long as I can
7jM4fvxok6c-00297-00089553-00089792 get something to the consumer that they
7jM4fvxok6c-00298-00089793-00090101 want that cuts through that is
7jM4fvxok6c-00299-00090102-00090233 meaningful
7jM4fvxok6c-00300-00090234-00090526 that they're willing to pay that's great
7jM4fvxok6c-00301-00090527-00090809 meanwhile I'm like strengthening my my
7jM4fvxok6c-00302-00090810-00091126 innovations like this demon seed I just
7jM4fvxok6c-00303-00091127-00091367 talked about a scorpion pepper flavored
7jM4fvxok6c-00304-00091368-00091751 whiskey with real maple syrup and fresh
7jM4fvxok6c-00305-00091752-00092222 ginger white spicy hot exciting and
7jM4fvxok6c-00306-00092223-00092537 guess what my master just Master
7jM4fvxok6c-00307-00092538-00092717 Distiller brought it to me he brought
7jM4fvxok6c-00308-00092718-00092993 the whole thing the name to me before we
7jM4fvxok6c-00309-00092994-00093203 even open the doors at the distillery so
7jM4fvxok6c-00310-00093204-00093476 four years ago and I went what the heck
7jM4fvxok6c-00311-00093477-00094211 is that it's so hot it's so spicy so I'm
7jM4fvxok6c-00312-00094212-00094421 just waiting cuz I made this here comes
7jM4fvxok6c-00313-00094422-00094703 a bad dude right that's so good well
7jM4fvxok6c-00314-00094704-00094955 you're gonna have some soup oh I said
7jM4fvxok6c-00315-00094956-00095101 what do you call this stuff he said
7jM4fvxok6c-00316-00095102-00095315 demon seed I said if you think we're
7jM4fvxok6c-00317-00095316-00095525 getting a demon seed and this distillery
7jM4fvxok6c-00318-00095526-00095885 it's not happy right but it was so good
7jM4fvxok6c-00319-00095886-00096047 and so breakthrough
7jM4fvxok6c-00320-00096048-00096269 I obviously I've never forgotten it and
7jM4fvxok6c-00321-00096270-00096629 it's been on the back burner and I've
7jM4fvxok6c-00322-00096630-00096982 kind of figured out how how it fits and
7jM4fvxok6c-00323-00096983-00097237 we're about to launch it yeah
7jM4fvxok6c-00324-00097238-00097502 so exciting I wanna date without you not
7jM4fvxok6c-00325-00097503-00097685 even that idea of innovation with demon
7jM4fvxok6c-00326-00097686-00098168 seed four years backward 500 straight
7jM4fvxok6c-00327-00098169-00098482 yeah yeah so like innovation doesn't
7jM4fvxok6c-00328-00098483-00099271 have to get to market quick valuable
7jM4fvxok6c-00329-00099272-00100115 [Music]
7jM4fvxok6c-00330-00100116-00100544 where someone can taste this visit
7jM4fvxok6c-00331-00100545-00100753 Boston comes a distillery right now
7jM4fvxok6c-00332-00100754-00101168 where can I go find a spot to taste and
7jM4fvxok6c-00333-00101169-00101477 get listed well I have about a thousand
7jM4fvxok6c-00334-00101478-00101794 points of distribution in New England
7jM4fvxok6c-00335-00101795-00102155 sounds like a lot like half bars and
7jM4fvxok6c-00336-00102156-00102357 restaurants and half package stores
7jM4fvxok6c-00337-00102358-00102805 yogurt grocery stores in Massachusetts
7jM4fvxok6c-00338-00102806-00103013 it's this weird law they can only have
7jM4fvxok6c-00339-00103014-00103280 three licenses and they just move it up
7jM4fvxok6c-00340-00103281-00103483 to five and then in two years it's gonna
7jM4fvxok6c-00341-00103484-00103814 go to seven or something yeah so it's
7jM4fvxok6c-00342-00103815-00103991 like a needle in a haystack there's like
7jM4fvxok6c-00343-00103992-00104321 three whole foods that have an alcoholic
7jM4fvxok6c-00344-00104322-00104627 beverage license and I think one of them
7jM4fvxok6c-00345-00104628-00104908 adds only beer and wine you know so
7jM4fvxok6c-00346-00104909-00105104 you've got a little bit of that but
7jM4fvxok6c-00347-00105105-00105283 there's usually a package store on every
7jM4fvxok6c-00348-00105284-00105479 corner we're certainly not in every
7jM4fvxok6c-00349-00105480-00105752 corner but it's available for the asking
7jM4fvxok6c-00350-00105753-00105956 we legally can only ship to
7jM4fvxok6c-00351-00105957-00106175 Massachusetts so I could ship to anybody
7jM4fvxok6c-00352-00106176-00106346 else which is kind of stupid because
7jM4fvxok6c-00353-00106347-00106466 that's where I have most of my
7jM4fvxok6c-00354-00106467-00106769 distribution and availability but you
7jM4fvxok6c-00355-00106770-00107081 could go on our website there's some
7jM4fvxok6c-00356-00107082-00107363 stores in Rhode Island that legally can
7jM4fvxok6c-00357-00107364-00107570 ship to certain states
7jM4fvxok6c-00358-00107571-00107836 oh so you're hacking the distribution
7jM4fvxok6c-00359-00107838-00108167 chain yeah we get Marin on lines coming
7jM4fvxok6c-00360-00108168-00108398 around your wine is really leading the
7jM4fvxok6c-00361-00108399-00108707 charge but they like the beer beer
7jM4fvxok6c-00362-00108708-00109040 franchise laws are very very strong and
7jM4fvxok6c-00363-00109041-00109241 therefore the distributor's don't flaunt
7jM4fvxok6c-00364-00109242-00109671 online shipping not to mention
7jM4fvxok6c-00365-00109672-00110101 it's like 35 pounds for every case it's
7jM4fvxok6c-00366-00110102-00111123 heavy to shift
7jM4fvxok6c-00367-00111124-00111441 yeah well this harbormaster's club that
7jM4fvxok6c-00368-00111442-00111853 were coming up went which is it will be
7jM4fvxok6c-00369-00111854-00112134 a like the subscription program
7jM4fvxok6c-00370-00112135-00112368 available to anybody Massachusetts
7jM4fvxok6c-00371-00112369-00112653 anybody in Massachusetts yeah and we'll
7jM4fvxok6c-00372-00112654-00112831 probably find a partner that will be
7jM4fvxok6c-00373-00112832-00112983 able to ship outside of Massachusetts
7jM4fvxok6c-00374-00112984-00113221 now tell us that quickly just give us a
7jM4fvxok6c-00375-00113222-00113586 breakdown of those well it's really it
7jM4fvxok6c-00376-00113588-00113818 has multifaceted its directed a consumer
7jM4fvxok6c-00377-00113819-00114156 stuff so that we can get our loyalists
7jM4fvxok6c-00378-00114157-00114590 product that they want any new releases
7jM4fvxok6c-00379-00114591-00114840 limited edition
7jM4fvxok6c-00380-00114841-00115099 it also has when you come to the
7jM4fvxok6c-00381-00115100-00115303 distillery there'll be a loyalty
7jM4fvxok6c-00382-00115304-00115594 component more you come the more you get
7jM4fvxok6c-00383-00115595-00115835 or keep you brain the more fun you have
7jM4fvxok6c-00384-00115836-00116269 yeah so well that's that's the premise
7jM4fvxok6c-00385-00116270-00116529 of it you can also go all the way up to
7jM4fvxok6c-00386-00116530-00116815 the Admiral level which is you can come
7jM4fvxok6c-00387-00116816-00117268 in through our hundreds of barrels pick
7jM4fvxok6c-00388-00117269-00117603 the one you want and when it's ready we
7jM4fvxok6c-00389-00117604-00117907 will actually bottle it up for him you
7jM4fvxok6c-00390-00117908-00118078 get your own private barrel that's
7jM4fvxok6c-00391-00118079-00118258 amazing it will be so what's the price
7jM4fvxok6c-00392-00118258-00118690 of a barrel well it depends which barrel
7jM4fvxok6c-00393-00118691-00119034 which proof how old what you want in
7jM4fvxok6c-00394-00119035-00119241 there so it's that's great it gets
7jM4fvxok6c-00395-00119242-00119343 complicated
7jM4fvxok6c-00396-00119344-00119616 and what's the program its the harbor
7jM4fvxok6c-00397-00119617-00119788 masters club for Boston Harbor
7jM4fvxok6c-00398-00119789-00120129 distillery awesome yeah get in there
7jM4fvxok6c-00399-00120130-00120397 this helps yeah well is that more people
7jM4fvxok6c-00400-00120398-00120528 see I mean I'm pretty sure there's me a
7jM4fvxok6c-00401-00120529-00120666 lot people want to hear the story yeah
7jM4fvxok6c-00402-00120667-00120868 it's just amazing and thank you for
7jM4fvxok6c-00403-00120869-00121000 taking us for a tour on the waterfront
7jM4fvxok6c-00404-00121001-00121108 oh yes
7jM4fvxok6c-00405-00121108-00121276 and for agreeing to do and I am in a car
7jM4fvxok6c-00406-00121277-00121436 with me it's awesome
7jM4fvxok6c-00407-00121438-00121863 the concept cool thank you very much
7jO_IFXDvh0-00000-00000000-00001049 thank you
7jO_IFXDvh0-00001-00001050-00001361 welcome to New Yorkers all the visitors
7jO_IFXDvh0-00002-00001362-00001630 and to come and enjoy Fifth Avenue for
7jO_IFXDvh0-00003-00001632-00001852 the first time in our history we will
7jO_IFXDvh0-00004-00001853-00002087 have so many blogs in this FIFA Avenue
7jO_IFXDvh0-00005-00002088-00002410 dedicated for pedestrians to be able to
7jO_IFXDvh0-00006-00002411-00002681 enjoy this holiday and you know as we do
7jO_IFXDvh0-00007-00002682-00002879 it in Times Square Fifth Avenue is a
7jO_IFXDvh0-00008-00002880-00003017 great place and now they can come and
7jO_IFXDvh0-00009-00003018-00003221 enjoy isn't this amazing this is Fifth
7jO_IFXDvh0-00010-00003222-00003503 Avenue until today everybody will be
7jO_IFXDvh0-00011-00003504-00003743 crammed on the sidewalks held in by
7jO_IFXDvh0-00012-00003744-00003940 metal barricades and now look at this
7jO_IFXDvh0-00013-00003942-00004181 people have free range it's wonderful I
7jO_IFXDvh0-00014-00004182-00004361 think what this shows is that all people
7jO_IFXDvh0-00015-00004362-00004643 in Manhattan want this space they know
7jO_IFXDvh0-00016-00004644-00004822 what to do with it you open the street
7jO_IFXDvh0-00017-00004823-00005104 it gets full and obviously especially on
7jO_IFXDvh0-00018-00005105-00005291 Fifth Avenue when you have such
7jO_IFXDvh0-00019-00005292-00005627 incredible architecture and activity on
7jO_IFXDvh0-00020-00005628-00005897 the storefronts uh it sort of speaks for
7jO_IFXDvh0-00021-00005898-00006088 itself unfortunately I haven't been able
7jO_IFXDvh0-00022-00006089-00006299 to actually ride my scooter because the
7jO_IFXDvh0-00023-00006300-00006448 Avenue I don't know if you can see is
7jO_IFXDvh0-00024-00006450-00006653 literally packed with people and it's
7jO_IFXDvh0-00025-00006654-00006946 not even open yet it's about 11 40. uh
7jO_IFXDvh0-00026-00006947-00007145 the turnout's just gonna be incredible
7jO_IFXDvh0-00027-00007145-00007367 there's people running in and out of
7jO_IFXDvh0-00028-00007368-00007546 stores just streaming in and out people
7jO_IFXDvh0-00029-00007547-00007763 are shopping behind me is the Christmas
7jO_IFXDvh0-00030-00007764-00008033 tree uh the famous Christmas tree and
7jO_IFXDvh0-00031-00008034-00008207 honestly this is what a New York City
7jO_IFXDvh0-00032-00008208-00008464 recovery looks like we need to have more
7jO_IFXDvh0-00033-00008465-00008789 pedestrian space more livable streets to
7jO_IFXDvh0-00034-00008790-00008927 make New York City a place where people
7jO_IFXDvh0-00035-00008928-00009877 want to be
7jO_IFXDvh0-00036-00009878-00010096 we are proving
7jO_IFXDvh0-00037-00010097-00010571 that when you open up streets to people
7jO_IFXDvh0-00038-00010572-00010877 you open up a world of possibilities for
7jO_IFXDvh0-00039-00010878-00011177 recreation for exercise for
7jO_IFXDvh0-00040-00011178-00011410 entertainment for Commerce we'd like to
7jO_IFXDvh0-00041-00011411-00011614 see more of this but hopefully with a
7jO_IFXDvh0-00042-00011615-00011878 bike lane with a bus lane the dot
7jO_IFXDvh0-00043-00011879-00012041 proposed this years ago they were going
7jO_IFXDvh0-00044-00012042-00012238 to do a complete Street they were going
7jO_IFXDvh0-00045-00012239-00012473 to widen the sidewalks they had approval
7jO_IFXDvh0-00046-00012474-00012646 they had Community Support elected
7jO_IFXDvh0-00047-00012647-00012887 official support but it fell through it
7jO_IFXDvh0-00048-00012888-00013072 was supposed to start on September 20
7jO_IFXDvh0-00049-00013073-00013379 21st and we're still waiting so I mean
7jO_IFXDvh0-00050-00013380-00013577 we've done a lot of actions we have tons
7jO_IFXDvh0-00051-00013578-00013853 of petitions here idanis Rodriguez was
7jO_IFXDvh0-00052-00013854-00014044 here when we did our protected a People
7jO_IFXDvh0-00053-00014045-00014243 Protected bike lane and we're still
7jO_IFXDvh0-00054-00014244-00014429 waiting for it and look like people love
7jO_IFXDvh0-00055-00014430-00014657 it next year it should at least be
7jO_IFXDvh0-00056-00014658-00015022 Saturday and Sunday from you know 10 a.m
7jO_IFXDvh0-00057-00015023-00015286 to 8 PM yeah especially when it gets
7jO_IFXDvh0-00058-00015287-00015461 dark as Saks with Avenue has like the
7jO_IFXDvh0-00059-00015462-00015707 most amazing light show we are working
7jO_IFXDvh0-00060-00015708-00016043 24 7 reimagining the use of public space
7jO_IFXDvh0-00061-00016044-00016300 what is happening at Fifth Avenue is
7jO_IFXDvh0-00062-00016301-00016619 also a extensional open streets so
7jO_IFXDvh0-00063-00016620-00016889 mystery open restaurant bike lane boss
7jO_IFXDvh0-00064-00016890-00017158 Lane you know we only had 350 square
7jO_IFXDvh0-00065-00017159-00017435 mile in this great City where we had 8.6
7jO_IFXDvh0-00066-00017436-00017675 million residents so we are working hard
7jO_IFXDvh0-00067-00017676-00017915 to be sure that we're Imagining the use
7jO_IFXDvh0-00068-00017916-00018197 of public space and it less than 50
7jO_IFXDvh0-00069-00018198-00018394 percent of New Yorkers are car they
7jO_IFXDvh0-00070-00018395-00018557 deserve to continue having more space
7jO_IFXDvh0-00071-00018558-00018973 where to walk where to ride the bike
7l6WlMcwhxI-00000-00000000-00000221 what's up guys welcome to my channel if
7l6WlMcwhxI-00001-00000222-00000437 you are new yet my name is divine I'm a
7l6WlMcwhxI-00002-00000438-00000523 music
7l6WlMcwhxI-00003-00000524-00000802 drama and keyboardist I have been for
7l6WlMcwhxI-00004-00000803-00000935 many many years I started making these
7l6WlMcwhxI-00005-00000936-00001097 videos as a space for music lovers like
7l6WlMcwhxI-00006-00001098-00001283 myself to check out our favorite artists
7l6WlMcwhxI-00007-00001284-00001445 and break down some of our findings that
7l6WlMcwhxI-00008-00001446-00001643 make them so so fantastic make sure you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00009-00001644-00001745 follow us on Instagram at the
7l6WlMcwhxI-00010-00001746-00001901 perseverance reaction in order to
7l6WlMcwhxI-00011-00001902-00002039 recommend your favorite singers for
7l6WlMcwhxI-00012-00002039-00002825 Australia
7l6WlMcwhxI-00013-00002826-00003034 what's up YouTube hope you guys are
7l6WlMcwhxI-00014-00003035-00003727 feeling good today guys
7l6WlMcwhxI-00015-00003728-00004036 guess how many people women have slept
7l6WlMcwhxI-00016-00004037-00004122 with
7l6WlMcwhxI-00017-00004123-00004619 nine up this is really really serious
7l6WlMcwhxI-00018-00004620-00004756 uh
7l6WlMcwhxI-00019-00004757-00004936 you can't guess how many books I want to
7l6WlMcwhxI-00020-00004937-00005165 sleep with just better look sometimes
7l6WlMcwhxI-00021-00005166-00005501 this is why I get a little wrong uh I
7l6WlMcwhxI-00022-00005502-00005651 would love to watch this I would love to
7l6WlMcwhxI-00023-00005652-00005879 see how it turns out I'll guess myself
7l6WlMcwhxI-00024-00005880-00006149 I'm not against myself like
7l6WlMcwhxI-00025-00006150-00006311 I love to see this video like I really
7l6WlMcwhxI-00026-00006312-00006431 don't know what this video I know this
7l6WlMcwhxI-00027-00006431-00006587 is going to be amazing I'm very very
7l6WlMcwhxI-00028-00006588-00006767 entertaining like it's literally going
7l6WlMcwhxI-00029-00006768-00006887 to be funny because
7l6WlMcwhxI-00030-00006888-00007151 I guess it's someone by the look it's
7l6WlMcwhxI-00031-00007152-00007355 it's crazy you'll get it bang right now
7l6WlMcwhxI-00032-00007356-00007469 you don't know how many people like
7l6WlMcwhxI-00033-00007470-00007595 comment down below how many people just
7l6WlMcwhxI-00034-00007595-00007783 think of I try slept
7l6WlMcwhxI-00035-00007784-00008128 you couldn't get this up no more so I
7l6WlMcwhxI-00036-00008129-00008291 just want to check this out and see how
7l6WlMcwhxI-00037-00008292-00008435 it goes you know how it is chocolate
7l6WlMcwhxI-00038-00008436-00008573 right away that's more let's get into
7l6WlMcwhxI-00039-00008574-00008687 this video
7l6WlMcwhxI-00040-00008688-00009028 how many baby daddies you got three okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00041-00009029-00009323 so you like six
7l6WlMcwhxI-00042-00009324-00009460 wow
7l6WlMcwhxI-00043-00009461-00009706 three baby daddies hi there my name is
7l6WlMcwhxI-00044-00009707-00009964 Bob I've got a wonderful wife and three
7l6WlMcwhxI-00045-00009965-00010217 uh mostly grown boys do you know what
7l6WlMcwhxI-00046-00010218-00010409 you're doing here today I don't
7l6WlMcwhxI-00047-00010410-00010678 know oh shoot today you're going to from
7l6WlMcwhxI-00048-00010679-00011213 a line of women
7l6WlMcwhxI-00049-00011214-00011710 it's right here
7l6WlMcwhxI-00050-00011711-00011987 oh 100. how are you gonna go about this
7l6WlMcwhxI-00051-00011988-00012371 I mean I'm a
7l6WlMcwhxI-00052-00012372-00012538 I'm a bit of sniff out a fellow hoe
7l6WlMcwhxI-00053-00012539-00012816 here's a little okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00054-00012817-00013230 300 what type of only fans motto is this
7l6WlMcwhxI-00055-00013231-00013571 300 in the mints okay then there's a 16
7l6WlMcwhxI-00056-00013572-00013936 16 might be average unless you're a hoe
7l6WlMcwhxI-00057-00013937-00014122 are all these numbers going with
7l6WlMcwhxI-00058-00014123-00014243 somebody or did y'all give me more
7l6WlMcwhxI-00059-00014244-00014386 numbers then there's two floaters on
7l6WlMcwhxI-00060-00014387-00014707 there in there oh I hate that let's go
7l6WlMcwhxI-00061-00014708-00015058 start that estimation I'm seeing 50 60
7l6WlMcwhxI-00062-00015059-00015293 70 like that literally going to be more
7l6WlMcwhxI-00063-00015294-00015466 than that like there's no way you'd be
7l6WlMcwhxI-00064-00015468-00015641 like 60 at the points or seven-sided
7l6WlMcwhxI-00065-00015641-00015857 points it's going to be more than dots
7l6WlMcwhxI-00066-00015858-00016121 like but 300 is sweet so what
7l6WlMcwhxI-00067-00016122-00016405 okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00068-00016406-00016715 I want to say only fast person
7l6WlMcwhxI-00069-00016716-00017039 that number is weak so much it's too
7l6WlMcwhxI-00070-00017040-00017315 much
7l6WlMcwhxI-00071-00017316-00017749 this is really awkward
7l6WlMcwhxI-00072-00017750-00018239 okay yeah clearly a little box
7l6WlMcwhxI-00073-00018240-00018407 some are cute
7l6WlMcwhxI-00074-00018408-00018535 okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00075-00018536-00018863 uh hi uh what's your name Misha Nisha
7l6WlMcwhxI-00076-00018864-00018953 and Bob
7l6WlMcwhxI-00077-00018954-00019408 nice to meet you so uh
7l6WlMcwhxI-00078-00019409-00019733 huh if you saw me in a bar this is very
7l6WlMcwhxI-00079-00019734-00019907 added Club
7l6WlMcwhxI-00080-00019908-00020105 how would you approach me I would make
7l6WlMcwhxI-00081-00020106-00020243 eye contact
7l6WlMcwhxI-00082-00020244-00020299 UM
7l6WlMcwhxI-00083-00020300-00020525 make them feel nervous they're back at
7l6WlMcwhxI-00084-00020526-00020843 the eyes and then look away okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00085-00020844-00020971 okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00086-00020972-00021497 we're going to have like
7l6WlMcwhxI-00087-00021498-00021821 twins something probably does from
7l6WlMcwhxI-00088-00021822-00022049 rights and then if they want to come
7l6WlMcwhxI-00089-00022050-00022294 this is the classic [__] 10 meter
7l6WlMcwhxI-00090-00022295-00022547 away distance you should pick up that I
7l6WlMcwhxI-00091-00022548-00023147 want you guys don't get that
7l6WlMcwhxI-00092-00023148-00023383 sexual position
7l6WlMcwhxI-00093-00023384-00023591 there's this yoga pose where you put
7l6WlMcwhxI-00094-00023592-00023914 your feet behind your head
7l6WlMcwhxI-00095-00023915-00024312 shoulders
7l6WlMcwhxI-00096-00024313-00024607 [Music]
7l6WlMcwhxI-00097-00024608-00024893 based on how she just threw it back I'm
7l6WlMcwhxI-00098-00024894-00025330 going to guess her body count is four
7l6WlMcwhxI-00099-00025331-00025612 are you what if
7l6WlMcwhxI-00100-00025613-00025822 I think that's real good too that is
7l6WlMcwhxI-00101-00025823-00026177 literally more than four bro
7l6WlMcwhxI-00102-00026177-00026470 my guess is 22 something bro it's it's
7l6WlMcwhxI-00103-00026472-00026795 not just it's not as far are you serious
7l6WlMcwhxI-00104-00026795-00027196 straight or gay I am pansexual okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00105-00027197-00027461 some of these numbers are not real I
7l6WlMcwhxI-00106-00027462-00027683 mean I'm just maybe guessing 300 plus is
7l6WlMcwhxI-00107-00027683-00027952 a Traders difficult
7l6WlMcwhxI-00108-00027954-00028133 anyway so you want to guess because I'm
7l6WlMcwhxI-00109-00028133-00028396 wasting time because I'm nervous
7l6WlMcwhxI-00110-00028397-00028768 16 yeah 16. okay I'll just give you a
7l6WlMcwhxI-00111-00028769-00029057 two period thank you just the what
7l6WlMcwhxI-00112-00029058-00029170 you're giving off
7l6WlMcwhxI-00113-00029172-00029339 because it doesn't give off a high
7l6WlMcwhxI-00114-00029339-00029524 number
7l6WlMcwhxI-00115-00029525-00029746 hi what's your name my name is sapphire
7l6WlMcwhxI-00116-00029747-00030118 Sapphire oh Sapphire honestly Sapphire
7l6WlMcwhxI-00117-00030119-00030311 sounds like a poor name yeah do you have
7l6WlMcwhxI-00118-00030312-00030624 an only fans yes
7l6WlMcwhxI-00119-00030625-00030899 what is her physical appearance give you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00120-00030900-00031231 what kind of vibes uh
7l6WlMcwhxI-00121-00031232-00031505 ferociously attractive it's naughty Vibe
7l6WlMcwhxI-00122-00031506-00031817 for me is that okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00123-00031818-00031996 um sorry
7l6WlMcwhxI-00124-00031997-00032287 um what were you asking
7l6WlMcwhxI-00125-00032288-00032531 how often do you color your hair three
7l6WlMcwhxI-00126-00032532-00032740 two or three months a girl that changes
7l6WlMcwhxI-00127-00032741-00033023 up her hairstyle pretty often usually
7l6WlMcwhxI-00128-00033024-00033287 indicates some underlying
7l6WlMcwhxI-00129-00033288-00033515 stuff I don't want to say like mentally
7l6WlMcwhxI-00130-00033516-00033779 unstable but like they typically get
7l6WlMcwhxI-00131-00033780-00034007 around a little bit more so okay yeah
7l6WlMcwhxI-00132-00034008-00034205 what's your sexual orientation bisexual
7l6WlMcwhxI-00133-00034206-00034451 bisexual so do boys and girls count for
7l6WlMcwhxI-00134-00034452-00034768 your body count yeah oh that raises the
7l6WlMcwhxI-00135-00034769-00034996 bar so I'm gonna get seven yeah I'll go
7l6WlMcwhxI-00136-00034997-00035495 seventy seven I bought 72 17. 20. I
7l6WlMcwhxI-00137-00035496-00035621 don't think I'll torture you by asking
7l6WlMcwhxI-00138-00035622-00036083 you why I'm just gonna let you have it
7l6WlMcwhxI-00139-00036084-00036396 uh
7l6WlMcwhxI-00140-00036397-00036665 you got somebody in there this will be
7l6WlMcwhxI-00141-00036666-00036874 my third and fourth babies you're gonna
7l6WlMcwhxI-00142-00036875-00037102 be at least a one
7l6WlMcwhxI-00143-00037103-00037271 are you more comfortable because you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00144-00037272-00037535 know I'm pregnant definitely you know
7l6WlMcwhxI-00145-00037536-00037817 I'm used to more used to being around
7l6WlMcwhxI-00146-00037818-00038255 women who are clearly committed already
7l6WlMcwhxI-00147-00038256-00038561 committed to making babies or what part
7l6WlMcwhxI-00148-00038562-00038974 of me yeah okay I'm sorry are your other
7l6WlMcwhxI-00149-00038975-00039209 two children from the same dad no okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00150-00039210-00039527 now I've made you angry I'm sorry
7l6WlMcwhxI-00151-00039528-00039815 um how many baby daddies you got three
7l6WlMcwhxI-00152-00039816-00040055 okay so you like six
7l6WlMcwhxI-00153-00040056-00040343 no judgment that was a real issue with
7l6WlMcwhxI-00154-00040344-00040757 you it's really good ladies that don't
7l6WlMcwhxI-00155-00040758-00041021 have a great relationship with either
7l6WlMcwhxI-00156-00041022-00041207 parents they get around a little bit
7l6WlMcwhxI-00157-00041208-00041537 more I'm gonna go with 16. what kind of
7l6WlMcwhxI-00158-00041538-00041962 point do you watch CNC what's CNC uh
7l6WlMcwhxI-00159-00041963-00042215 consensual non-consent what's that mean
7l6WlMcwhxI-00160-00042216-00042424 play rape yeah
7l6WlMcwhxI-00161-00042425-00042749 but it's all consensual okay do black
7l6WlMcwhxI-00162-00042750-00042893 people watch that
7l6WlMcwhxI-00163-00042894-00043111 yeah
7l6WlMcwhxI-00164-00043112-00043812 all right so much
7l6WlMcwhxI-00165-00043813-00044195 probably before you watch okay I'm gonna
7l6WlMcwhxI-00166-00044196-00044518 say 83 nine if you have two children
7l6WlMcwhxI-00167-00044519-00044723 already it seems like there wouldn't be
7l6WlMcwhxI-00168-00044724-00044861 a great deal
7l6WlMcwhxI-00169-00044862-00045211 extra spare time to have too many more
7l6WlMcwhxI-00170-00045212-00045527 thank you nice to meet you are you a
7l6WlMcwhxI-00171-00045528-00045880 lesbian no oh a lot of people think that
7l6WlMcwhxI-00172-00045881-00046183 though okay no I'm not wow
7l6WlMcwhxI-00173-00046184-00046373 I dress
7l6WlMcwhxI-00174-00046374-00046501 yeah
7l6WlMcwhxI-00175-00046502-00046768 good we're on the same page you seem
7l6WlMcwhxI-00176-00046769-00047002 well put together you don't give off
7l6WlMcwhxI-00177-00047003-00047501 like post hoe sometimes yeah nine nine
7l6WlMcwhxI-00178-00047502-00047758 four I'm getting this five like you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00179-00047759-00047993 you're not gonna mess with anybody just
7l6WlMcwhxI-00180-00047994-00048173 for entertainment you you would want to
7l6WlMcwhxI-00181-00048174-00048424 you know be meaningful I guess you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00182-00048425-00048658 shickly dickly
7l6WlMcwhxI-00184-00052620-00053026 get the titties out for me my titties is
7l6WlMcwhxI-00185-00053027-00053423 outside how old are you 18 18. wow if
7l6WlMcwhxI-00186-00053424-00053609 you're a little older I maybe ask for
7l6WlMcwhxI-00187-00053610-00053819 your number but still too young yeah
7l6WlMcwhxI-00188-00053820-00054054 yeah you're pretty old
7l6WlMcwhxI-00189-00054055-00054292 do you feel comfortable asking her what
7l6WlMcwhxI-00190-00054294-00054473 kind of porn she watches
7l6WlMcwhxI-00191-00054474-00054821 a bit comfortable would be a stretch I
7l6WlMcwhxI-00192-00054822-00055025 mean I'll ask what kind of porn do you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00193-00055026-00055330 like to watch the porn directed by women
7l6WlMcwhxI-00194-00055332-00055750 uh how do you know is it in the uh uh
7l6WlMcwhxI-00195-00055751-00055913 credits or something basically yeah
7l6WlMcwhxI-00196-00055914-00056159 actually oh okay yeah she like her body
7l6WlMcwhxI-00197-00056160-00056380 she obviously like her titties she got
7l6WlMcwhxI-00198-00056382-00056675 on a skirt and her titties out okay that
7l6WlMcwhxI-00199-00056676-00056885 means she probably like to bust it open
7l6WlMcwhxI-00200-00056886-00057004 a little bit
7l6WlMcwhxI-00201-00057005-00057437 bring me six
7l6WlMcwhxI-00202-00057438-00057707 feet eye contact
7l6WlMcwhxI-00203-00057708-00057916 tweezer brand new number
7l6WlMcwhxI-00204-00057917-00058126 um she said she's 18.
7l6WlMcwhxI-00205-00058127-00058415 um
7l6WlMcwhxI-00206-00058416-00058735 so you can give her like 15 or 12.
7l6WlMcwhxI-00207-00058736-00059038 [Music]
7l6WlMcwhxI-00208-00059039-00059419 my name is Rainbow Rambo no
7l6WlMcwhxI-00209-00059420-00059788 rainbow rainbow yeah is that a Content
7l6WlMcwhxI-00210-00059789-00059987 name my mom literally just named me
7l6WlMcwhxI-00211-00059988-00060269 rainbow oh I love it how old are you I'm
7l6WlMcwhxI-00212-00060270-00060550 19.
7l6WlMcwhxI-00213-00060551-00060761 coach when you were 19 what was your
7l6WlMcwhxI-00214-00060762-00061054 number I lost my virginity at 19.
7l6WlMcwhxI-00215-00061055-00061409 yeah I was a late bloomer yeah you you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00216-00061410-00061757 wasn't
7l6WlMcwhxI-00217-00061758-00061930 how do you feel about your number
7l6WlMcwhxI-00218-00061932-00062135 you want to increase it I don't really
7l6WlMcwhxI-00219-00062136-00062441 care about my number I feel like it's
7l6WlMcwhxI-00220-00062441-00062879 just a number you're added
7l6WlMcwhxI-00221-00062879-00063211 I heard that too
7l6WlMcwhxI-00222-00063212-00063616 I heard tits
7l6WlMcwhxI-00223-00063617-00064085 300 plus why not why it's the crystals
7l6WlMcwhxI-00224-00064086-00064511 okay and it's the
7l6WlMcwhxI-00225-00064512-00064769 chest head I'm gonna go with one I think
7l6WlMcwhxI-00226-00064770-00065009 you might be that defy expectations type
7l6WlMcwhxI-00227-00065010-00065244 of person
7l6WlMcwhxI-00228-00065245-00065699 Ally with 50 50.
7l6WlMcwhxI-00229-00065700-00065921 I was not for you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00230-00065922-00066113 a kind of a Vibe I think I at least got
7l6WlMcwhxI-00231-00066114-00066226 one that's
7l6WlMcwhxI-00232-00066227-00066593 raise your hand if he gets you correctly
7l6WlMcwhxI-00233-00066594-00066983 what yeah
7l6WlMcwhxI-00234-00066984-00067619 [Music]
7l6WlMcwhxI-00235-00067620-00069835 foreign
7l6WlMcwhxI-00236-00069836-00070049 I'm gonna have everyone swap their
7l6WlMcwhxI-00237-00070050-00070582 number okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00238-00070583-00070963 you're a virgin
7l6WlMcwhxI-00239-00070964-00071221 wow wow
7l6WlMcwhxI-00240-00071222-00071569 what card you have guard there
7l6WlMcwhxI-00241-00071570-00072053 I mean that's that's impressive
7l6WlMcwhxI-00242-00072054-00072335 question first I think I think I had 16.
7l6WlMcwhxI-00243-00072336-00072623 because the pansexual thing I I just
7l6WlMcwhxI-00244-00072624-00072761 thought it would be a little bit higher
7l6WlMcwhxI-00245-00072762-00073067 number are you mad
7l6WlMcwhxI-00246-00073068-00073223 actually kind
7l6WlMcwhxI-00247-00073224-00073379 of wish I was
7l6WlMcwhxI-00248-00073380-00073541 expecting can I give you a hug thank you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00249-00073542-00073750 for guessing
7l6WlMcwhxI-00250-00073751-00074111 what number did I give you uh 70. do you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00251-00074112-00074449 think that fits me 16. no
7l6WlMcwhxI-00252-00074450-00074800 so what made you think I was 70.
7l6WlMcwhxI-00253-00074801-00075143 you look like maybe you'd want to have a
7l6WlMcwhxI-00254-00075144-00075287 lot of Partners
7l6WlMcwhxI-00255-00075288-00075491 let me giving you 70 was it kind of
7l6WlMcwhxI-00256-00075492-00075725 offensive a little bit no I took it as
7l6WlMcwhxI-00257-00075726-00076219 compliment wow I love that thank you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00258-00076220-00076529 wow I don't even have this is my natural
7l6WlMcwhxI-00259-00076530-00076859 hair color and I like my dad I think you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00260-00076860-00077087 can just really like to [__]
7l6WlMcwhxI-00261-00077088-00077387 yeah agreed I made some false
7l6WlMcwhxI-00262-00077388-00077579 assumptions I think about being pregnant
7l6WlMcwhxI-00263-00077580-00077905 and you know sort of same with me
7l6WlMcwhxI-00264-00077906-00078226 look you have going on that's not a bad
7l6WlMcwhxI-00265-00078227-00078365 thing there's a lot of really hot sperm
7l6WlMcwhxI-00266-00078366-00078826 in mind yeah awesome
7l6WlMcwhxI-00267-00078827-00079181 she hates me
7l6WlMcwhxI-00268-00079182-00079591 what do you think of my number
7l6WlMcwhxI-00269-00079592-00079888 it's all believable
7l6WlMcwhxI-00270-00079889-00080182 what'd you do to accomplish that I went
7l6WlMcwhxI-00271-00080183-00080338 through like a period where like I just
7l6WlMcwhxI-00272-00080339-00080603 kind of wanted to like have a roster of
7l6WlMcwhxI-00273-00080604-00080800 pretty boys and then occasionally it was
7l6WlMcwhxI-00274-00080801-00081059 like girls I just had a lot of fun in my
7l6WlMcwhxI-00275-00081060-00081388 20s I love that with men and women yeah
7l6WlMcwhxI-00276-00081389-00081629 I really like my
7l6WlMcwhxI-00277-00081630-00082144 oh that he'll be forever yeah 300 yeah
7l6WlMcwhxI-00278-00082145-00082397 does this number surprise you a little
7l6WlMcwhxI-00279-00082398-00082606 bit I guess it surprised me you're
7l6WlMcwhxI-00280-00082607-00082829 attracting attention with the your your
7l6WlMcwhxI-00281-00082830-00083279 the way you dress yeah
7l6WlMcwhxI-00282-00083280-00083597 no so what do you count as body count I
7l6WlMcwhxI-00283-00083598-00083675 just don't
7l6WlMcwhxI-00284-00083676-00083950 okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00285-00083951-00084076 okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00286-00084077-00084269 she said that's like a lot of dick okay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00287-00084270-00084491 well the only thing I
7l6WlMcwhxI-00288-00084492-00084709 sex part because I never want to regret
7l6WlMcwhxI-00289-00084710-00084971 it can be something you regret for real
7l6WlMcwhxI-00290-00084972-00085187 because even at 19 I regretted it
7l6WlMcwhxI-00291-00085188-00085385 everybody was calling me approved and I
7l6WlMcwhxI-00292-00085386-00085709 was like okay fine so don't be a victim
7l6WlMcwhxI-00293-00085710-00085931 of that okay just do it when you want it
7l6WlMcwhxI-00294-00085932-00086249 and make sure that he they them her is
7l6WlMcwhxI-00295-00086250-00086441 as special as they can be
7l6WlMcwhxI-00296-00086442-00086699 all right her number actually shocks me
7l6WlMcwhxI-00297-00086700-00086999 like she's eating and zero like
7l6WlMcwhxI-00298-00087000-00087365 I was wowed under which dress boobs I
7l6WlMcwhxI-00299-00087366-00087623 suppose like I was expecting probably
7l6WlMcwhxI-00300-00087624-00087881 more than that like zero
7l6WlMcwhxI-00301-00087882-00088097 I never expected I was like no one gets
7l6WlMcwhxI-00302-00088098-00088493 that right
7l6WlMcwhxI-00303-00088494-00088691 person who's more exposed maybe the most
7l6WlMcwhxI-00304-00088692-00088918 innocence and the one who is innocence
7l6WlMcwhxI-00305-00088919-00089381 may be the most exposed 300 and
7l6WlMcwhxI-00306-00089382-00089831 zero the numbers
7l6WlMcwhxI-00307-00089832-00090082 people change that's that's how life is
7l6WlMcwhxI-00308-00090083-00090293 um you can't you can't
7l6WlMcwhxI-00309-00090294-00090538 tell by facial expression and low
7l6WlMcwhxI-00310-00090539-00090743 it's not enough it's not enough and
7l6WlMcwhxI-00311-00090744-00090905 there's a person talking up to you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00312-00090906-00091247 that's it
7l6WlMcwhxI-00313-00091248-00091487 all right
7l6WlMcwhxI-00314-00091488-00091817 give me 300. I know you had like a few
7l6WlMcwhxI-00315-00091818-00092129 left it was uh 83 you could have given
7l6WlMcwhxI-00316-00092130-00092465 me 83. you guessed pretty well for me
7l6WlMcwhxI-00317-00092466-00092788 okay the job I have most people guess a
7l6WlMcwhxI-00318-00092789-00093047 lot higher so are you in sales or what
7l6WlMcwhxI-00319-00093048-00093293 what kind of
7l6WlMcwhxI-00320-00093294-00093587 it's like Hooters it's called Twin Peaks
7l6WlMcwhxI-00321-00093588-00093887 a little bit more clever Twin Peak I get
7l6WlMcwhxI-00322-00093888-00094097 it
7l6WlMcwhxI-00323-00094098-00094447 how do you feel uh
7l6WlMcwhxI-00324-00094448-00094885 I'm relieved that we're done
7l6WlMcwhxI-00325-00094886-00095267 if everyone feels comfortable
7l6WlMcwhxI-00326-00095268-00096079 come on come on come on
7l6WlMcwhxI-00327-00096080-00096400 he's amazing he's amazing guys
7l6WlMcwhxI-00328-00096401-00096593 all right I enjoyed myself for watching
7l6WlMcwhxI-00329-00096594-00096971 it I was really entertained and
7l6WlMcwhxI-00330-00096972-00097132 this is not sure what I was expecting my
7l6WlMcwhxI-00331-00097133-00097391 name is actually wrong this is terrible
7l6WlMcwhxI-00332-00097392-00097499 I'm like
7l6WlMcwhxI-00333-00097500-00097715 it wasn't no sense I had to watch and it
7l6WlMcwhxI-00334-00097716-00097918 was supposed and it was innocent like
7l6WlMcwhxI-00335-00097919-00098068 you can't try to get the number
7l6WlMcwhxI-00336-00098069-00098218 correctly like it's kind of like
7l6WlMcwhxI-00337-00098219-00098435 impossible who was pregnant I was
7l6WlMcwhxI-00338-00098436-00098687 expecting her number to be a bit less
7l6WlMcwhxI-00339-00098688-00099076 than 70 70 was lower Traders for me
7l6WlMcwhxI-00340-00099077-00099376 um having three baby daddies like it was
7l6WlMcwhxI-00341-00099377-00099515 massive for me it was really really
7l6WlMcwhxI-00342-00099516-00099923 massive and the one who have a 300 was
7l6WlMcwhxI-00343-00099924-00100121 the person who had thoughts may have
7l6WlMcwhxI-00344-00100122-00100750 zero probably two but 300 like
7l6WlMcwhxI-00345-00100751-00100961 that was make that speak I wasn't really
7l6WlMcwhxI-00346-00100962-00101206 sure that I was really really short but
7l6WlMcwhxI-00347-00101207-00101362 this is interesting and this was amazing
7l6WlMcwhxI-00348-00101363-00101537 I injured myself and I would love to see
7l6WlMcwhxI-00349-00101538-00101681 more of these videos
7l6WlMcwhxI-00350-00101682-00101938 um being displayed out and I love the
7l6WlMcwhxI-00351-00101939-00102106 coverage of the of the latest coming out
7l6WlMcwhxI-00352-00102107-00102347 in 10 and those are three numbers uh
7l6WlMcwhxI-00353-00102348-00102604 it's not only this rule of turning
7l6WlMcwhxI-00354-00102605-00102749 people that bought the counter and I
7l6WlMcwhxI-00355-00102750-00102982 really appreciate them being honest and
7l6WlMcwhxI-00356-00102983-00103144 telling um the entire world about
7l6WlMcwhxI-00357-00103145-00103277 accounts
7l6WlMcwhxI-00358-00103278-00103577 um then they the guys who guessed they
7l6WlMcwhxI-00359-00103578-00103775 were very very very very very respectful
7l6WlMcwhxI-00360-00103776-00103984 and that I appreciate I appreciate it
7l6WlMcwhxI-00361-00103985-00104218 very respectful the entire video for me
7l6WlMcwhxI-00362-00104219-00104423 was entertaining was really really nice
7l6WlMcwhxI-00363-00104424-00104513 and
7l6WlMcwhxI-00364-00104514-00104699 look forward seeing the next one you
7l6WlMcwhxI-00365-00104700-00104801 know all these guys we'll see you guys
7l6WlMcwhxI-00366-00104802-00104915 in the next video make sure you stay
7l6WlMcwhxI-00367-00104916-00106818 safe
7l6WlMcwhxI-00368-00106819-00107125 [Music]
7lgqmFT7fJk-00000-00000065-00000305 infestation is a first-person action
7lgqmFT7fJk-00001-00000306-00000599 adventure computer game released in 1990
7lgqmFT7fJk-00002-00000600-00000893 the game was published by Psygnosis and
7lgqmFT7fJk-00003-00000894-00001102 released for the Amiga Atari Street and
7lgqmFT7fJk-00004-00001103-00001435 IBM PC formats based on a science
7lgqmFT7fJk-00005-00001436-00001655 fiction scenario inspired in part by the
7lgqmFT7fJk-00006-00001655-00001882 film's alien and aliens the player is
7lgqmFT7fJk-00007-00001883-00002087 given the task of reading a planetoid of
7lgqmFT7fJk-00008-00002088-00002456 insectoid alien life-forms
7n8EyRoolAu-00000-00000413-00001573 foreign
7n8EyRoolAu-00001-00001574-00001817 so it just goes to show you know if
7n8EyRoolAu-00002-00001818-00001955 anybody out there has got problems with
7n8EyRoolAu-00003-00001955-00002171 their marriage or their relationships if
7n8EyRoolAu-00004-00002172-00002392 you just have sex in the field
7n8EyRoolAu-00005-00002393-00002602 it works keep it natural or not I know
7n8EyRoolAu-00006-00002603-00002752 imagine what I mean look that was a that
7n8EyRoolAu-00007-00002753-00003018 was it Tuesdays no it's the wildest day
7n8EyRoolAu-00008-00003019-00003322 the rumor so the speculation and I would
7n8EyRoolAu-00009-00003323-00003472 allege it as well knowing what I know
7n8EyRoolAu-00010-00003473-00003640 about the Press is that that was set up
7n8EyRoolAu-00011-00003642-00003953 but the truth was we were just at it and
7n8EyRoolAu-00012-00003954-00004109 we'd driven off from the station where
7n8EyRoolAu-00013-00004110-00004325 he'd I think come and got me and we were
7n8EyRoolAu-00014-00004326-00004475 just finding a place to do that because
7n8EyRoolAu-00015-00004476-00004715 he was still at home with his wife but
7n8EyRoolAu-00016-00004716-00004913 the way it was set up with the gate and
7n8EyRoolAu-00017-00004914-00005177 also we both look kind of hot made it
7n8EyRoolAu-00018-00005178-00005333 seem really staged but I was kind of
7n8EyRoolAu-00019-00005334-00005470 proud of the fact that that wasn't
7n8EyRoolAu-00020-00005471-00005735 staged although at the time I was
7n8EyRoolAu-00021-00005736-00005968 working for the public sector
7n8EyRoolAu-00022-00005969-00006202 the weather people the Met Office the
7n8EyRoolAu-00023-00006203-00006365 people that do the weather and I had to
7n8EyRoolAu-00024-00006366-00006628 ring my boss and I had a very highly
7n8EyRoolAu-00025-00006629-00006869 paid job and tell him I was going to be
7n8EyRoolAu-00026-00006870-00007031 on the front page
7n8EyRoolAu-00027-00007031-00007301 of the people in the morning
7n8EyRoolAu-00028-00007302-00007537 straddling Mark
7n8EyRoolAu-00029-00007538-00007948 that is not a conversation and this is
7n8EyRoolAu-00030-00007950-00008092 still back in the time of sense for me
7n8EyRoolAu-00031-00008093-00008309 you know that isn't in this setting this
7n8EyRoolAu-00032-00008310-00008573 is back in the straight-laced Hopkins I
7n8EyRoolAu-00033-00008574-00008819 had to ring my boss and tell him I was
7n8EyRoolAu-00034-00008820-00009460 naked on the front pages tomorrow
7n8EyRoolAu-00035-00009461-00009761 foreign
80jWY-t4YBQ-00000-00000301-00000871 [Music]
80jWY-t4YBQ-00001-00000872-00001087 mark my final question for you is in
80jWY-t4YBQ-00002-00001088-00001343 terms of preparing for an interview we
80jWY-t4YBQ-00003-00001344-00001582 know that once a candidate applies and
80jWY-t4YBQ-00004-00001583-00001775 then there are short lists there will be
80jWY-t4YBQ-00005-00001776-00002014 a phone interview and then there will be
80jWY-t4YBQ-00006-00002016-00002239 either face to face depending on the
80jWY-t4YBQ-00007-00002240-00002510 company or zoom interview so how can job
80jWY-t4YBQ-00008-00002511-00002687 seekers be prepared for the phone
80jWY-t4YBQ-00009-00002688-00002926 interview and then face to face
80jWY-t4YBQ-00010-00002927-00003079 that's a good question because many
80jWY-t4YBQ-00011-00003080-00003263 times the interview
80jWY-t4YBQ-00012-00003264-00003559 you won't get to a person face to face
80jWY-t4YBQ-00013-00003560-00003863 because there are several phone or video
80jWY-t4YBQ-00014-00003864-00004151 interviews that perceive that so
80jWY-t4YBQ-00015-00004152-00004359 you want to prepare accordingly and one
80jWY-t4YBQ-00016-00004360-00004559 of the things i recommend
80jWY-t4YBQ-00017-00004560-00004799 doing i have somewhere
80jWY-t4YBQ-00018-00004800-00005063 in one of my resource materials
80jWY-t4YBQ-00019-00005064-00005247 interview checklist but there are tons
80jWY-t4YBQ-00020-00005248-00005422 of them out there there are some that
80jWY-t4YBQ-00021-00005423-00005718 are more details than one ipad but
80jWY-t4YBQ-00022-00005719-00005943 one of the things you can do is just to
80jWY-t4YBQ-00023-00005944-00006238 think about uh your setup for video
80jWY-t4YBQ-00024-00006239-00006550 which is where a lot of people tend to
80jWY-t4YBQ-00025-00006551-00006670 slip
80jWY-t4YBQ-00026-00006672-00006814 when you're interviewing many times
80jWY-t4YBQ-00027-00006815-00006991 you're interviewing with an avatar and
80jWY-t4YBQ-00028-00006992-00007183 not particularly with the person and
80jWY-t4YBQ-00029-00007184-00007327 that's something you have to be prepared
80jWY-t4YBQ-00030-00007328-00007503 for so you got to practice looking to
80jWY-t4YBQ-00031-00007504-00007742 the camera make sure you're straight
80jWY-t4YBQ-00032-00007743-00007974 know where your sweet spots are make
80jWY-t4YBQ-00033-00007975-00008199 sure your lighting is there make sure
80jWY-t4YBQ-00034-00008200-00008367 that your sound is there because we're
80jWY-t4YBQ-00035-00008368-00008591 talking about interviewing actually to
80jWY-t4YBQ-00036-00008592-00008823 artificial intelligence yes and if
80jWY-t4YBQ-00037-00008824-00008919 you're not
80jWY-t4YBQ-00038-00008920-00009127 if they're not able to hear you
80jWY-t4YBQ-00039-00009128-00009303 they're not going to ask you again to
80jWY-t4YBQ-00040-00009304-00009567 record they're just going to discard
80jWY-t4YBQ-00041-00009568-00009742 your your program
80jWY-t4YBQ-00042-00009743-00009927 so those are things the simple things
80jWY-t4YBQ-00043-00009928-00010174 you can start doing and then as well you
80jWY-t4YBQ-00044-00010175-00010374 want to do as much research about the
80jWY-t4YBQ-00045-00010375-00010599 company and how they operate as much as
80jWY-t4YBQ-00046-00010600-00010806 possible you want to try to talk to
80jWY-t4YBQ-00047-00010807-00010974 people in the company and find out as
80jWY-t4YBQ-00048-00010975-00011238 much information as possible the closer
80jWY-t4YBQ-00049-00011239-00011487 you get to the people who worked with
80jWY-t4YBQ-00050-00011488-00011846 your position or work uh or
80jWY-t4YBQ-00051-00011847-00011935 work
80jWY-t4YBQ-00052-00011936-00012159 interpartmentally
80jWY-t4YBQ-00053-00012160-00012359 if i can use that word
80jWY-t4YBQ-00054-00012360-00012599 it was between departments find out how
80jWY-t4YBQ-00055-00012600-00012886 that person is because you know
80jWY-t4YBQ-00056-00012887-00013158 i think people mistaken
80jWY-t4YBQ-00057-00013159-00013358 that they work with teams and they work
80jWY-t4YBQ-00058-00013359-00013543 with other people and they're also
80jWY-t4YBQ-00059-00013544-00013855 evaluated many times on that so you want
80jWY-t4YBQ-00060-00013856-00014127 to find out what that culture is like
80jWY-t4YBQ-00061-00014128-00014343 and so that preparation needs to be
80jWY-t4YBQ-00062-00014344-00014575 pretty deep in detail
80jWY-t4YBQ-00063-00014576-00014958 but at the same time you want to also
80jWY-t4YBQ-00064-00014959-00015166 practice with a real person so that when
80jWY-t4YBQ-00065-00015168-00015366 you come to it face to face
80jWY-t4YBQ-00066-00015368-00015630 that you'll be able to answer questions
80jWY-t4YBQ-00067-00015631-00015847 in a way that a human can understand it
80jWY-t4YBQ-00068-00015847-00016127 because the human interpretation and
80jWY-t4YBQ-00069-00016128-00016358 artificial intelligence interpretation
80jWY-t4YBQ-00070-00016359-00016535 are probably going to be on two
80jWY-t4YBQ-00071-00016536-00016639 different
80jWY-t4YBQ-00072-00016640-00016855 separate
80jWY-t4YBQ-00073-00016856-00017127 gauges so you won't be prepared that way
80jWY-t4YBQ-00074-00017128-00017358 and interviews are two-way communication
80jWY-t4YBQ-00075-00017359-00017511 the candidate is interviewing the
80jWY-t4YBQ-00076-00017512-00017711 employer the employer is enjoying the
80jWY-t4YBQ-00077-00017712-00017911 candidate to see if there's an alignment
80jWY-t4YBQ-00078-00017912-00018158 if there's a value alignment and go from
80jWY-t4YBQ-00079-00018159-00018494 there right no right yeah i mean i mean
80jWY-t4YBQ-00080-00018495-00018719 really uh depending on the country if
80jWY-t4YBQ-00081-00018720-00019063 the the company's not value driven
80jWY-t4YBQ-00082-00019064-00019327 um is likely that they're not going to
80jWY-t4YBQ-00083-00019328-00019575 look for values as much as the ones that
80jWY-t4YBQ-00084-00019576-00019814 are value driven because they're gonna
80jWY-t4YBQ-00085-00019815-00020022 they're gonna want to know how does this
80jWY-t4YBQ-00086-00020023-00020191 play out in your life
80jWY-t4YBQ-00087-00020192-00020463 is ultimately when we talk about values
80jWY-t4YBQ-00088-00020464-00020727 and what does it mean to you
80jWY-t4YBQ-00089-00020728-00020975 if the company doesn't care about that
80jWY-t4YBQ-00090-00020976-00021214 you have to evaluate too whether if you
80jWY-t4YBQ-00091-00021215-00021383 want to work with a company that doesn't
80jWY-t4YBQ-00092-00021384-00021583 care about them or one that does and i
80jWY-t4YBQ-00093-00021584-00021807 tell you the ones that do ultimately
80jWY-t4YBQ-00094-00021808-00022063 there's a great relationship between not
80jWY-t4YBQ-00095-00022064-00022143 only
80jWY-t4YBQ-00096-00022144-00022350 that person and the team and whoever
80jWY-t4YBQ-00097-00022351-00022558 referred them but also the company
80jWY-t4YBQ-00098-00022559-00022719 because they like being aligned for what
80jWY-t4YBQ-00099-00022720-00022927 the company stands for value alignment
80jWY-t4YBQ-00100-00022928-00023127 is very important and nowadays job
80jWY-t4YBQ-00101-00023128-00023303 seekers has many options you know they
80jWY-t4YBQ-00102-00023304-00023383 can
80jWY-t4YBQ-00103-00023384-00023591 especially with kobe their priorities
80jWY-t4YBQ-00104-00023592-00023791 has changed they want to work where
80jWY-t4YBQ-00105-00023792-00024007 their their offering maybe flexibility
80jWY-t4YBQ-00106-00024008-00024207 working from home or other things that
80jWY-t4YBQ-00107-00024208-00024342 they're offering
80jWY-t4YBQ-00108-00024343-00024607 yeah well flexibility is a value yeah we
80jWY-t4YBQ-00109-00024608-00024791 want to be flexible because of family
80jWY-t4YBQ-00110-00024792-00024991 because we want to be home with the pets
80jWY-t4YBQ-00111-00024992-00025199 which as a recent study
80jWY-t4YBQ-00112-00025200-00025327 people want to be home with their pets
80jWY-t4YBQ-00113-00025328-00025471 they want to be home with their children
80jWY-t4YBQ-00114-00025472-00025631 or they need to take care of somebody
80jWY-t4YBQ-00115-00025632-00025814 who's older in their family whether it's
80jWY-t4YBQ-00116-00025816-00026039 mother father grandmother whatever that
80jWY-t4YBQ-00117-00026039-00026287 might be yeah i totally agree with you
80jWY-t4YBQ-00118-00026288-00026518 and thank you again for those great tips
80jWY-t4YBQ-00119-00026519-00026774 and with that my interview mark video
80jWY-t4YBQ-00120-00026775-00026974 comes to an end i really enjoyed the
80jWY-t4YBQ-00121-00026975-00027183 conversation and i hope the audience
80jWY-t4YBQ-00122-00027183-00027358 will implement some of the tips that we
80jWY-t4YBQ-00123-00027360-00027607 talked about and for the audience
80jWY-t4YBQ-00124-00027608-00027758 watching or listening if you have any
80jWY-t4YBQ-00125-00027760-00027943 other tips in terms of preparing for
80jWY-t4YBQ-00126-00027944-00028190 interview please leave comments below
80jWY-t4YBQ-00127-00028191-00028423 and tune in next time for another great
80jWY-t4YBQ-00128-00028424-00028639 guest mark again thank you very much and
80jWY-t4YBQ-00129-00028639-00028855 hope one day we can meet face to face
80jWY-t4YBQ-00130-00028856-00028999 bye everyone
80jWY-t4YBQ-00131-00029000-00029289 thank you welcome bye
80jWY-t4YBQ-00132-00029291-00029862 [Music]
80jWY-t4YBQ-00133-00029863-00029906 [Applause]
80jWY-t4YBQ-00134-00029907-00030255 [Music]
80jWY-t4YBQ-00135-00030256-00030463 you
81ES0z650YU-00001-00005107-00005683 [Music]
81ES0z650YU-00002-00005684-00006129 um
81ES0z650YU-00003-00006130-00007083 [Music]
81ES0z650YU-00004-00007084-00007283 so
81ES0z650YU-00005-00007284-00008863 [Music]
81ES0z650YU-00007-00012684-00013055 so
81ES0z650YU-00011-00042768-00043039 hello checking one two do you guys hear
81ES0z650YU-00012-00043040-00043151 my voice
81ES0z650YU-00013-00043152-00043390 hello foul hello me or hello navi hello
81ES0z650YU-00014-00043391-00043679 guys you guys are early
81ES0z650YU-00015-00043680-00043879 early or not well we started like seven
81ES0z650YU-00016-00043880-00044079 minutes hello guys can you hear me
81ES0z650YU-00017-00044080-00044374 checking one two
81ES0z650YU-00018-00044375-00044774 one two one of you guys can hear me
81ES0z650YU-00019-00044775-00045607 um i hope you guys can hear me
81ES0z650YU-00020-00045608-00047479 gotta make sure
81ES0z650YU-00021-00047480-00047646 my controllers and we can head right
81ES0z650YU-00022-00047647-00048430 into phasma phasmaphobia
81ES0z650YU-00023-00048431-00049095 one second
81ES0z650YU-00024-00049096-00049455 how's everybody doing today
81ES0z650YU-00025-00049456-00051882 you guys are doing okay
81ES0z650YU-00026-00051883-00052390 potatoes
81ES0z650YU-00027-00052391-00052703 i'm i'm already anxious
81ES0z650YU-00028-00052704-00054682 i'm really anxious
81ES0z650YU-00029-00054683-00056126 jesus
81ES0z650YU-00030-00056127-00056350 game is working i hear everything do you
81ES0z650YU-00031-00056351-00056615 guys hear the game
81ES0z650YU-00032-00056616-00056903 hello everybody akimakiro is here sorry
81ES0z650YU-00033-00056904-00057047 i didn't introduce myself
81ES0z650YU-00034-00057048-00057359 hello i'm akimakiro i am
81ES0z650YU-00035-00057360-00057615 i am ready i am ready to die today are
81ES0z650YU-00036-00057616-00058271 you guys ready to die today because i am
81ES0z650YU-00037-00058272-00059007 i'm totally ready to die today
81ES0z650YU-00038-00059008-00059247 make sure my touch chat is on the proper
81ES0z650YU-00039-00059248-00060282 hand
81ES0z650YU-00040-00060283-00060999 um
81ES0z650YU-00041-00061000-00061319 oh there you go i see the giant
81ES0z650YU-00042-00061320-00062535 shot now
81ES0z650YU-00043-00062536-00062799 scary noises are back yeah so you guys
81ES0z650YU-00044-00062800-00062950 are wondering if scary noises are
81ES0z650YU-00045-00062951-00063287 back uh are you guys able to hear the
81ES0z650YU-00046-00063288-00063542 game
81ES0z650YU-00047-00063544-00063719 stand up let me make sure my tracking is
81ES0z650YU-00048-00063720-00063999 proper
81ES0z650YU-00049-00064000-00064894 all right everything's straight
81ES0z650YU-00050-00064895-00065126 hello nicole hello mira lakes hello fell
81ES0z650YU-00051-00065127-00065335 river hello lightning love hello navi
81ES0z650YU-00052-00065336-00065882 hello everybody who's
81ES0z650YU-00053-00065883-00066055 here
81ES0z650YU-00054-00066056-00066335 i bit my i bet my lips came this all
81ES0z650YU-00055-00066336-00066559 started i'm so scared
81ES0z650YU-00056-00066560-00066719 i would not sell this game i'm kind of
81ES0z650YU-00057-00066720-00066903 anxious right now holy jesus
81ES0z650YU-00058-00066904-00067255 why are you all the these scary channel
81ES0z650YU-00059-00067256-00067438 points are in back in because we only
81ES0z650YU-00060-00067439-00067591 use it for horror because if not you
81ES0z650YU-00061-00067592-00067671 guys will wreck
81ES0z650YU-00062-00067672-00067926 me every day i know you guys will
81ES0z650YU-00063-00067927-00068159 destroy me every day
81ES0z650YU-00064-00068160-00068375 i can hear the game yes because you hear
81ES0z650YU-00065-00068376-00068567 me whip up nautical is here
81ES0z650YU-00066-00068568-00069103 get ready
81ES0z650YU-00067-00069104-00069455 all right aki maki
81ES0z650YU-00068-00069456-00069767 oh my god
81ES0z650YU-00069-00069768-00070071 oh my god full body vr just makes me
81ES0z650YU-00070-00070072-00070279 want to crash into the wall so
81ES0z650YU-00071-00070280-00070726 oh no
81ES0z650YU-00072-00070727-00071062 wait can you guys hear my ac
81ES0z650YU-00073-00071063-00071255 and be happy and you know i clap your
81ES0z650YU-00074-00071256-00071519 hand i hate you guys
81ES0z650YU-00075-00071520-00071862 all right let's do this play um create
81ES0z650YU-00076-00071863-00072038 private i know you guys want me to play
81ES0z650YU-00077-00072039-00072287 by myself okay
81ES0z650YU-00078-00072288-00073415 oh my god
81ES0z650YU-00079-00073416-00073631 let's make sure let's make sure i max
81ES0z650YU-00080-00073632-00074135 out my own volume
81ES0z650YU-00081-00074136-00074438 there you go i'm maxed out
81ES0z650YU-00082-00074439-00075094 i'm ready i'm ready
81ES0z650YU-00083-00075095-00075462 all right uh uh let's see we got you
81ES0z650YU-00084-00075463-00075647 have reader flashlight for
81ES0z650YU-00085-00075648-00075879 photo camera what are we missing how
81ES0z650YU-00086-00075880-00076023 much money do i have what can i
81ES0z650YU-00087-00076024-00076511 buy i need to add a strong flashlight
81ES0z650YU-00088-00076512-00077094 a motion sensor a candle a lighter
81ES0z650YU-00089-00077095-00077543 uh thermometer definitely sanity pills
81ES0z650YU-00090-00077544-00077975 uh uh we need a smudge stick i remember
81ES0z650YU-00091-00077976-00078119 a lot oh my god
81ES0z650YU-00092-00078120-00078431 oh my god okay stop moving
81ES0z650YU-00093-00078432-00078647 please stop moving i don't need you a
81ES0z650YU-00094-00078648-00078982 turn
81ES0z650YU-00095-00078983-00079319 i'll buy i buy song i'll buy
81ES0z650YU-00096-00079320-00079815 spirit box um video camera
81ES0z650YU-00097-00079816-00080062 i'm poor got it got it i understand i
81ES0z650YU-00098-00080063-00080335 understand we're just much sick
81ES0z650YU-00099-00080336-00080671 i'll buy some steak
81ES0z650YU-00100-00080672-00081055 um
81ES0z650YU-00101-00081056-00081359 what are we missing
81ES0z650YU-00102-00081360-00081567 i got spare box i was just wasting money
81ES0z650YU-00103-00081568-00081711 thank thank you game
81ES0z650YU-00104-00081712-00082111 thank you thank you always the money uh
81ES0z650YU-00105-00082112-00082682 lighter candles or bugs
81ES0z650YU-00106-00082683-00082823 uh
81ES0z650YU-00107-00082824-00083055 sound sensor i don't know what that is
81ES0z650YU-00108-00083056-00083175 i'll just add it in
81ES0z650YU-00109-00083176-00083503 who knows it's all
81ES0z650YU-00110-00083504-00083655 you know i think we're good i think
81ES0z650YU-00111-00083656-00084550 we're good are we missing anything
81ES0z650YU-00112-00084551-00084879 help me ah
81ES0z650YU-00113-00084880-00085215 just like a job i can't say how are you
81ES0z650YU-00114-00085216-00085262 doing
81ES0z650YU-00115-00085263-00085482 how are you doing guys how you doing my
81ES0z650YU-00116-00085483-00085855 peppers
81ES0z650YU-00117-00085856-00086182 we just started i just started
81ES0z650YU-00118-00086183-00086535 biting my lips already it's great
81ES0z650YU-00119-00086536-00089062 uh we'll start with
81ES0z650YU-00120-00089063-00089606 intermediary of amateur
81ES0z650YU-00121-00089607-00090575 i need your i need your opinion
81ES0z650YU-00122-00090576-00090799 do i go hard and go home crying or do we
81ES0z650YU-00123-00090800-00091111 go easy and figure out our lives
81ES0z650YU-00124-00091112-00091375 amateur all right there's one amateur
81ES0z650YU-00125-00091376-00091455 next
81ES0z650YU-00126-00091456-00091671 intermediate that's one intermediate
81ES0z650YU-00127-00091672-00091759 next
81ES0z650YU-00128-00091760-00091950 i can't really do a pull only mirror can
81ES0z650YU-00129-00091951-00092094 do it
81ES0z650YU-00130-00092095-00093438 because i'm on full body
81ES0z650YU-00131-00093439-00093911 hey that's that's too amateur
81ES0z650YU-00132-00093912-00094447 go go easy so amateur
81ES0z650YU-00133-00094448-00094791 all right uh that's three on amateur
81ES0z650YU-00134-00094792-00094935 i don't know how many people here are
81ES0z650YU-00135-00094936-00095174 voting but already up for this
81ES0z650YU-00136-00095175-00095991 we're starting oh
81ES0z650YU-00137-00095992-00096367 my whole entire body should be moving
81ES0z650YU-00138-00096368-00096871 let's go i will go we'll go with amateur
81ES0z650YU-00139-00096872-00097191 um lantern has been bad
81ES0z650YU-00140-00097192-00097423 it will take like 20 to do a pull don't
81ES0z650YU-00141-00097424-00097591 worry don't worry about it
81ES0z650YU-00142-00097592-00098294 we got this we'll start we're start
81ES0z650YU-00143-00098295-00099774 amateur mode easy going easy mode today
81ES0z650YU-00144-00099775-00099982 discover oh my god i can't i'm still
81ES0z650YU-00145-00099983-00100191 trying to get used to this movement
81ES0z650YU-00146-00100192-00100350 discover what type of goals we're
81ES0z650YU-00147-00100351-00100559 dealing with get a ghost to walk through
81ES0z650YU-00148-00100560-00100647 salt
81ES0z650YU-00149-00100648-00100959 catch your photo the ghost cleanse the
81ES0z650YU-00150-00100960-00100999 area
81ES0z650YU-00151-00101000-00101182 near the golgi smudge stick i can't do
81ES0z650YU-00152-00101183-00101582 as much success
81ES0z650YU-00153-00101583-00101782 oh i did never mind i got it i got that
81ES0z650YU-00154-00101783-00101999 okay okay
81ES0z650YU-00155-00102000-00102174 i've done some more investigating for
81ES0z650YU-00156-00102175-00102367 you looks like the ghost name is maria
81ES0z650YU-00157-00102368-00102454 brown
81ES0z650YU-00158-00102455-00102686 his ghost also seems to respond to
81ES0z650YU-00159-00102688-00102863 everyone you should be able to use his
81ES0z650YU-00160-00102864-00103078 name to ingrid and get some paranormal
81ES0z650YU-00161-00103079-00103239 activity
81ES0z650YU-00162-00103240-00103682 understood maria maria brown
81ES0z650YU-00163-00103683-00103951 okay
81ES0z650YU-00164-00103952-00104142 oh my god i'm about to crash into the
81ES0z650YU-00165-00104143-00105083 wall
81ES0z650YU-00166-00105083-00106031 eh
81ES0z650YU-00167-00106032-00106702 all right i got that
81ES0z650YU-00168-00106703-00107143 oh we got that we need this
81ES0z650YU-00169-00107144-00107495 and we also need um
81ES0z650YU-00170-00107496-00107934 um
81ES0z650YU-00171-00107935-00108247 oh my god cleanse the area near the
81ES0z650YU-00172-00108248-00108502 goals using smudge stick
81ES0z650YU-00173-00108503-00108902 so once i find a place
81ES0z650YU-00174-00108903-00109110 i can pour salt on the ground let's do
81ES0z650YU-00175-00109111-00109295 that we can come back for the salt stick
81ES0z650YU-00176-00109296-00109727 later i think we can do that
81ES0z650YU-00177-00109728-00109943 alcoholic boba smoothie what the hell
81ES0z650YU-00178-00109944-00110047 you mean
81ES0z650YU-00179-00110048-00110407 what
81ES0z650YU-00180-00110408-00110975 you guys ready chad i'm so ready
81ES0z650YU-00181-00110976-00111983 let's just pipe myself let's do it
81ES0z650YU-00182-00111983-00112183 so i forgot it was like negative
81ES0z650YU-00183-00112183-00112343 something for
81ES0z650YU-00184-00112344-00112510 when you look for freezing temperature
81ES0z650YU-00185-00112511-00113615 in the room for the dead gulls why are
81ES0z650YU-00186-00113616-00113702 you not opening
81ES0z650YU-00187-00113703-00113990 oh i forgot the key oh no i forgot the
81ES0z650YU-00188-00113991-00114239 key
81ES0z650YU-00189-00114240-00114743 oh not like this
81ES0z650YU-00190-00114744-00115566 i swear to god
81ES0z650YU-00191-00115567-00115966 i'm ready now i'm ready
81ES0z650YU-00192-00115967-00116271 stop laughing at me
81ES0z650YU-00193-00116272-00116566 i'm nervous okay i'm so freaking nervous
81ES0z650YU-00194-00116567-00116678 right now
81ES0z650YU-00195-00116679-00117683 why not i'm about to walk into the wall
81ES0z650YU-00196-00117683-00118319 hey
81ES0z650YU-00197-00118320-00118831 uh
81ES0z650YU-00198-00118832-00119327 13. hello
81ES0z650YU-00199-00119328-00119775 hello akima kira please don't eat me
81ES0z650YU-00200-00119776-00120086 i am i am i am diabetes
81ES0z650YU-00201-00120088-00120358 diabetes free i am not as sweet as you
81ES0z650YU-00202-00120359-00120558 may think
81ES0z650YU-00203-00120559-00120975 okay i am not sweet but i am i am lovely
81ES0z650YU-00204-00120976-00121407 and i hopefully i'm lovey uh
81ES0z650YU-00205-00121408-00122063 are you in here
81ES0z650YU-00206-00122064-00122495 ah no that's a bed now for it
81ES0z650YU-00207-00122496-00122823 oh god ah i'm scared
81ES0z650YU-00208-00122824-00123366 okay 14.
81ES0z650YU-00209-00123367-00123871 i heard something wow
81ES0z650YU-00210-00123872-00124431 it is so now got canadian
81ES0z650YU-00211-00124432-00124943 get it
81ES0z650YU-00212-00124944-00125351 i am here
81ES0z650YU-00213-00125352-00125790 17 definitely not this room
81ES0z650YU-00214-00125791-00126383 there's so many rooms
81ES0z650YU-00215-00126383-00126607 oh no no no i'm not going in the
81ES0z650YU-00216-00126608-00126766 basement not yet not now
81ES0z650YU-00217-00126767-00127599 no yeah let's check this room
81ES0z650YU-00218-00127600-00127814 did you take a nice hot bath i guess not
81ES0z650YU-00219-00127815-00127943 i guess
81ES0z650YU-00220-00127944-00128143 you can go down that road you go down
81ES0z650YU-00221-00128144-00128614 this road
81ES0z650YU-00222-00128615-00129695 i just heard something
81ES0z650YU-00223-00129696-00130047 are you in the garage oh please don't
81ES0z650YU-00224-00130048-00130231 tell me in the basement
81ES0z650YU-00225-00130232-00130527 please don't tell me in the basement can
81ES0z650YU-00226-00130528-00130575 we
81ES0z650YU-00227-00130576-00130966 can we talk this out can we talk this
81ES0z650YU-00228-00130967-00131719 out
81ES0z650YU-00229-00131720-00132439 hey i can't see
81ES0z650YU-00230-00132440-00132895 it's just [__] i hate you guys oh my god
81ES0z650YU-00231-00132896-00133231 i wanted to play this alone
81ES0z650YU-00232-00133232-00133775 oh that that looks safe anybody
81ES0z650YU-00233-00133776-00134399 13.
81ES0z650YU-00234-00134400-00136575 stop stop stop
81ES0z650YU-00235-00136576-00136863 let's have a serious chat have a serious
81ES0z650YU-00236-00136864-00137071 conversation shall we i can't seem to
81ES0z650YU-00237-00137072-00137283 find
81ES0z650YU-00238-00137284-00138007 wait hey nothing
81ES0z650YU-00239-00138008-00138575 i can't see did you die here
81ES0z650YU-00240-00138576-00138943 please tell me you didn't die here
81ES0z650YU-00241-00138944-00139166 done that i can't seem to find cold
81ES0z650YU-00242-00139167-00139702 temperature or anything
81ES0z650YU-00243-00139703-00140083 hello anybody at home
81ES0z650YU-00244-00140084-00140366 hello
81ES0z650YU-00245-00140367-00140631 this is someone here i can get out of
81ES0z650YU-00246-00140632-00140895 here i can leave now bye
81ES0z650YU-00247-00140896-00141239 i'm not gonna leave i can't seem to find
81ES0z650YU-00248-00141240-00141911 where she is
81ES0z650YU-00249-00141912-00142326 wait nine six three
81ES0z650YU-00250-00142327-00143007 nine eight hey at the wall wait hold up
81ES0z650YU-00251-00143008-00143254 he pointed the ground i'm getting load
81ES0z650YU-00252-00143255-00143551 reading towards the ground
81ES0z650YU-00253-00143552-00143926 that's gonna
81ES0z650YU-00254-00143927-00144283 oh my god is she in here
81ES0z650YU-00255-00144284-00144575 wait
81ES0z650YU-00256-00144576-00145119 okay you guys see that six right
81ES0z650YU-00257-00145120-00145502 here
81ES0z650YU-00258-00145503-00146814 five eight cuts
81ES0z650YU-00259-00146815-00147119 i think this is a ghost room
81ES0z650YU-00260-00147120-00147511 seven sex huh why is it chasing me oh
81ES0z650YU-00261-00147512-00147926 [__] hey wait wait hold up
81ES0z650YU-00262-00147927-00148126 wait is it actually chasing me hold on
81ES0z650YU-00263-00148127-00148278 i'm freaking out
81ES0z650YU-00264-00148279-00148599 okay hey i hit you guys that was fake
81ES0z650YU-00265-00148600-00148966 you guys are trolling me ah
81ES0z650YU-00266-00148967-00150007 i think i think there it's in here
81ES0z650YU-00267-00150008-00150207 i gotta pour i gotta pour salt
81ES0z650YU-00268-00150208-00150847 everywhere
81ES0z650YU-00269-00150848-00151231 hey
81ES0z650YU-00270-00151232-00151478 gum bottle i think this isn't i think i
81ES0z650YU-00271-00151479-00151583 have enough salt
81ES0z650YU-00272-00151584-00151935 that's no more salt let's go
81ES0z650YU-00273-00151936-00152366 no more salt for my tears
81ES0z650YU-00274-00152367-00152495 all right let's get the smudge stick i
81ES0z650YU-00275-00152496-00152702 think why didn't it show the low
81ES0z650YU-00276-00152703-00154054 temperature
81ES0z650YU-00277-00154055-00154614 all right
81ES0z650YU-00278-00154615-00154983 is chad so nice jesus you guys are i
81ES0z650YU-00279-00154984-00155111 hate you guys
81ES0z650YU-00280-00155112-00155414 hello author welcome
81ES0z650YU-00281-00155415-00155719 um i need this i can put this away so i
81ES0z650YU-00282-00155720-00155926 can save my money
81ES0z650YU-00283-00155927-00156359 there um
81ES0z650YU-00284-00156360-00157102 yes wait if i
81ES0z650YU-00285-00157103-00157399 it feels like it's starting to hunt it's
81ES0z650YU-00286-00157400-00157647 scaring me
81ES0z650YU-00287-00157648-00157959 i'm uh
81ES0z650YU-00288-00157960-00158302 okay all right let's go ghost
81ES0z650YU-00289-00158303-00158502 let's go whoever you are i'm gonna smoke
81ES0z650YU-00290-00158503-00158759 you out you like the smoke i got the
81ES0z650YU-00291-00158760-00158847 smoke
81ES0z650YU-00292-00158848-00158983 i think you're in the garage and i
81ES0z650YU-00293-00158984-00159183 believe you're in the garage let's go
81ES0z650YU-00294-00159184-00159335 if i get it wrong well i'm screwed
81ES0z650YU-00295-00159336-00160495 either way let's go
81ES0z650YU-00296-00160496-00160719 i'm gonna smoke you do you like
81ES0z650YU-00297-00160720-00160919 marijuana i got some weed for you here
81ES0z650YU-00298-00160920-00161247 you go
81ES0z650YU-00299-00161248-00161447 wait stop what's up guys i'm busy
81ES0z650YU-00300-00161448-00161759 smoking
81ES0z650YU-00301-00161760-00162031 i guess i didn't work i hopefully i got
81ES0z650YU-00302-00162032-00162190 it right i think i screwed up the smudge
81ES0z650YU-00303-00162191-00162526 stick
81ES0z650YU-00304-00162527-00162702 go let's call savers the rest of our
81ES0z650YU-00305-00162703-00162854 smudge stick and we'll go
81ES0z650YU-00306-00162855-00163199 grab the the spare buck and this oh no
81ES0z650YU-00307-00163200-00163495 the book and the box thingy yeah and
81ES0z650YU-00308-00163496-00163678 then we're gonna
81ES0z650YU-00309-00163679-00164095 grab the camera stop trying to scare me
81ES0z650YU-00310-00164096-00164231 with this out guys
81ES0z650YU-00311-00164232-00164502 i'm trying here you guys are making me
81ES0z650YU-00312-00164503-00164623 nauseous but i'm
81ES0z650YU-00313-00164624-00165283 turning 24 7 now
81ES0z650YU-00314-00165284-00165590 80. ah
81ES0z650YU-00315-00165591-00165831 did that help oh yeah get that hundred
81ES0z650YU-00316-00165832-00165983 get the hundred
81ES0z650YU-00317-00165984-00166631 comedy oh my god
81ES0z650YU-00318-00166632-00166838 so we got the we got this thingy that we
81ES0z650YU-00319-00166839-00166935 need
81ES0z650YU-00320-00166936-00167295 and i need the spare bug
81ES0z650YU-00321-00167296-00168054 okay
81ES0z650YU-00322-00168055-00168647 she looks active
81ES0z650YU-00323-00168648-00169023 oh i swear that you couldn't kill
81ES0z650YU-00324-00169024-00169351 me now i'll leave it up to you
81ES0z650YU-00325-00169352-00169935 and i'll tell you how you feel
81ES0z650YU-00326-00169936-00170159 so we're gonna leave this book there and
81ES0z650YU-00327-00170160-00170238 we're gonna
81ES0z650YU-00328-00170239-00170478 we're gonna check the the the anger
81ES0z650YU-00329-00170479-00170583 level
81ES0z650YU-00330-00170584-00170951 ems level and
81ES0z650YU-00331-00170952-00171159 we need to go grab the video camera and
81ES0z650YU-00332-00171160-00171487 stuff like that
81ES0z650YU-00333-00171488-00172095 i think she died here
81ES0z650YU-00334-00172096-00173702 hello are you
81ES0z650YU-00335-00173703-00173999 i'll leave this here i yeah that was so
81ES0z650YU-00336-00174000-00174119 fake i i can
81ES0z650YU-00337-00174120-00174390 i can see you guys now i can understand
81ES0z650YU-00338-00174391-00174766 you guys now let's go get the picture
81ES0z650YU-00339-00174767-00175319 don't try to scare me
81ES0z650YU-00340-00175320-00175671 stop let me let me try to complete this
81ES0z650YU-00341-00175672-00175926 the first game of possible for the day
81ES0z650YU-00342-00175927-00176631 and he tried my best completely
81ES0z650YU-00343-00176632-00176990 she's not hunting
81ES0z650YU-00344-00176991-00177883 she's not haunting or hunting yet
81ES0z650YU-00345-00177884-00178190 hmm i didn't get it
81ES0z650YU-00346-00178191-00178575 i didn't get any of it
81ES0z650YU-00347-00178576-00178943 i failed where where's the goals at
81ES0z650YU-00348-00178944-00179990 isn't she in there
81ES0z650YU-00349-00179991-00180254 all right this is a failed mission
81ES0z650YU-00350-00180255-00180326 already
81ES0z650YU-00351-00180327-00180683 i can see it
81ES0z650YU-00352-00180684-00181766 sensor
81ES0z650YU-00353-00181767-00182038 activity level just getting more active
81ES0z650YU-00354-00182039-00182287 oh lord
81ES0z650YU-00355-00182288-00182647 so i guess the plan the plan is for me
81ES0z650YU-00356-00182648-00182807 to
81ES0z650YU-00357-00182808-00183143 put the camera and find the thermometer
81ES0z650YU-00358-00183144-00183502 again to find the actual room
81ES0z650YU-00359-00183503-00183871 i thought it was
81ES0z650YU-00360-00183872-00184007 oh my god i'm getting motion sickness
81ES0z650YU-00361-00184008-00184463 already
81ES0z650YU-00362-00184464-00185014 i was in here
81ES0z650YU-00363-00185015-00185863 not it
81ES0z650YU-00364-00185864-00186223 their their mama their mama meter
81ES0z650YU-00365-00186224-00186702 what a tossup
81ES0z650YU-00366-00186703-00187535 about the salt here
81ES0z650YU-00367-00187536-00187847 oh i want to go and
81ES0z650YU-00368-00187848-00190007 let's oh there you are
81ES0z650YU-00369-00190008-00191878 ah my controllers are going crazy
81ES0z650YU-00370-00191879-00192383 okay fix itself
81ES0z650YU-00371-00192384-00192807 oh we need to find the actual ghost room
81ES0z650YU-00372-00192808-00193283 it's here unless i screwed up somewhere
81ES0z650YU-00373-00193284-00193678 here oh you're sure here
81ES0z650YU-00374-00193679-00193990 oh you're here all along i think i saw
81ES0z650YU-00375-00193991-00194166 three
81ES0z650YU-00376-00194167-00194719 but there's no freezing temperature
81ES0z650YU-00377-00194720-00195054 i can't see
81ES0z650YU-00378-00195055-00195487 am i wrong is this seven four
81ES0z650YU-00379-00195488-00195871 right here wait i did not
81ES0z650YU-00380-00195872-00196254 she's right here
81ES0z650YU-00381-00196255-00197111 hello oh my god
81ES0z650YU-00382-00197112-00197502 okay it's definitely right there
81ES0z650YU-00383-00197503-00197647 it's a four but there's no freezing
81ES0z650YU-00384-00197648-00197887 temperature let's go check if it's a
81ES0z650YU-00385-00197888-00197959 circle
81ES0z650YU-00386-00197960-00198166 oh wait i've messed up the camera too oh
81ES0z650YU-00387-00198167-00198326 no
81ES0z650YU-00388-00198327-00198911 that there i need to turn you
81ES0z650YU-00389-00198912-00199271 i could take a picture bob throw the
81ES0z650YU-00390-00199272-00199590 camera
81ES0z650YU-00391-00199591-00200283 bobby aki playing for me in no
81ES0z650YU-00392-00200284-00200519 uh let me let me try to get through this
81ES0z650YU-00393-00200520-00200671 one first let me try to get through this
81ES0z650YU-00394-00200672-00200719 one
81ES0z650YU-00395-00200720-00200999 i'll play intermediate next intermediate
81ES0z650YU-00396-00201000-00202438 is a little bit more scary isn't that
81ES0z650YU-00397-00202439-00203083 guys there's no orb so no freezing
81ES0z650YU-00398-00203084-00203390 temperature
81ES0z650YU-00399-00203391-00203678 i don't see anything i don't see
81ES0z650YU-00400-00203679-00203878 anything
81ES0z650YU-00401-00203879-00204414 this is this is a sham
81ES0z650YU-00402-00204415-00204719 uh maybe we take a picture
81ES0z650YU-00403-00204720-00205031 oh yeah and it's harder i guess i'd be
81ES0z650YU-00404-00205032-00205327 can i play it with somebody and can i
81ES0z650YU-00405-00205328-00205814 play it with somebody
81ES0z650YU-00406-00205815-00206238 oh my god uh
81ES0z650YU-00407-00206239-00206646 i'll do my best guys i also
81ES0z650YU-00408-00206648-00207262 thank you thank you for that
81ES0z650YU-00409-00207263-00207734 smile for the camera baby i got you see
81ES0z650YU-00410-00207735-00207990 i got the picture i got the picture you
81ES0z650YU-00411-00207991-00208182 see that guys
81ES0z650YU-00412-00208183-00208342 but why didn't this why didn't why
81ES0z650YU-00413-00208344-00208494 didn't she like my weed i
81ES0z650YU-00414-00208496-00208927 literally burned in front of her
81ES0z650YU-00415-00208928-00209151 look at that she's beautiful she's
81ES0z650YU-00416-00209152-00209358 beautiful
81ES0z650YU-00417-00209359-00209527 she's nice she's right in front of the
81ES0z650YU-00418-00209528-00209887 salt that i messed up on
81ES0z650YU-00419-00209888-00210215 what is that is that a shade anybody
81ES0z650YU-00420-00210216-00211158 know what that looks like
81ES0z650YU-00421-00211159-00211806 [Music]
81ES0z650YU-00422-00211807-00212079 wait is that the wall stuff or is that a
81ES0z650YU-00423-00212080-00212279 that's nothing
81ES0z650YU-00424-00212280-00212694 wait is that the wall stuff hold up wait
81ES0z650YU-00425-00212696-00213110 wait was that the wall stuff
81ES0z650YU-00426-00213111-00213687 oh my god hold on is that the wall stuff
81ES0z650YU-00427-00213688-00214742 oh my god not like this
81ES0z650YU-00428-00214744-00215175 guys is it is it not here
81ES0z650YU-00429-00215176-00215391 hey you guys saw four celsius am i
81ES0z650YU-00430-00215392-00215671 saying things
81ES0z650YU-00431-00215671-00215991 are you not here eight
81ES0z650YU-00432-00215992-00216375 nine what the night huh
81ES0z650YU-00433-00216376-00217082 the door closed okay you're definitely
81ES0z650YU-00434-00217083-00217223 here
81ES0z650YU-00435-00217223-00217591 my geez oh how to get out of here oh my
81ES0z650YU-00436-00217592-00217751 god
81ES0z650YU-00437-00217752-00217982 that that was definitely him that was
81ES0z650YU-00438-00217983-00218223 definitely him okay
81ES0z650YU-00439-00218223-00218671 ah okay i need uv um
81ES0z650YU-00440-00218671-00219710 oh my god scared the hell on me
81ES0z650YU-00441-00219711-00220375 i thought i was like who's at the door
81ES0z650YU-00442-00220376-00220639 oh my heart is beating i need the uv
81ES0z650YU-00443-00220640-00221094 lights
81ES0z650YU-00444-00221096-00221382 oh my god can you work with me hand
81ES0z650YU-00445-00221383-00221439 please
81ES0z650YU-00446-00221440-00221655 just because i fell to the ground once
81ES0z650YU-00447-00221656-00222246 please work with me
81ES0z650YU-00448-00222248-00222406 oh my god you guys want me to play
81ES0z650YU-00449-00222407-00222655 intermediate you guys are crazy
81ES0z650YU-00450-00222656-00222967 y'all are crazy people
81ES0z650YU-00451-00222967-00223223 why are you guys laughing at me yeah
81ES0z650YU-00452-00223223-00223406 it's definitely her
81ES0z650YU-00453-00223407-00223975 i i'm certain i took a picture of her
81ES0z650YU-00454-00223976-00224439 what did it not work she's
81ES0z650YU-00455-00224440-00224839 i hate my life guys
81ES0z650YU-00456-00224840-00225103 that's her god i do not think she's in
81ES0z650YU-00457-00225104-00225215 that room
81ES0z650YU-00458-00225216-00225510 i do not think she's in the garage where
81ES0z650YU-00459-00225511-00226263 is she
81ES0z650YU-00460-00226264-00227006 oh no like this
81ES0z650YU-00461-00227007-00227191 if you kill me just kill me already
81ES0z650YU-00462-00227192-00227671 goddamn
81ES0z650YU-00463-00227671-00228063 it close the door didn't you any finger
81ES0z650YU-00464-00228064-00229887 fingerprints hello
81ES0z650YU-00465-00229888-00230015 this is the wrong room this is
81ES0z650YU-00466-00230016-00230223 definitely the wrong room oh my god
81ES0z650YU-00467-00230223-00230334 we're screwed
81ES0z650YU-00468-00230335-00230663 already past the time i have to leave
81ES0z650YU-00469-00230664-00231294 i did restart no jeez she's not in that
81ES0z650YU-00470-00231296-00231415 room
81ES0z650YU-00471-00231416-00231655 she's not in the garage i hate you guys
81ES0z650YU-00472-00231656-00231751 something
81ES0z650YU-00473-00231752-00232215 scary
81ES0z650YU-00474-00232216-00232519 yeah she probably is she's probably oh
81ES0z650YU-00475-00232519-00232615 my gosh
81ES0z650YU-00476-00232616-00232806 i'm gonna bring my brains i'm getting
81ES0z650YU-00477-00232807-00233415 dizzy hey you guys
81ES0z650YU-00478-00233416-00234198 yo bros where is she
81ES0z650YU-00479-00234200-00234871 there's not in this room
81ES0z650YU-00480-00234871-00235271 all right i messed up
81ES0z650YU-00481-00235271-00235919 the bullying i'm gonna
81ES0z650YU-00482-00235919-00236055 i'm gonna take a second to breathe right
81ES0z650YU-00483-00236056-00236382 here you guys i s
81ES0z650YU-00484-00236383-00236775 you guys are you guys actually god
81ES0z650YU-00485-00236776-00237023 i don't know um let's go to the
81ES0z650YU-00486-00237023-00237294 intermediate let's go next one
81ES0z650YU-00487-00237296-00237615 i hate you guys excellent
81ES0z650YU-00488-00237616-00237815 we're going next building i really
81ES0z650YU-00489-00237816-00238039 messed up i couldn't find the
81ES0z650YU-00490-00238040-00238198 cold room and she's going to be haunting
81ES0z650YU-00491-00238200-00238439 me i'm already screwed
81ES0z650YU-00492-00238440-00238703 i can't even find a thermometer anymore
81ES0z650YU-00493-00238704-00238855 i've got some jobs ready for you
81ES0z650YU-00494-00238856-00239663 it's a yolk guy i don't care
81ES0z650YU-00495-00239664-00240882 i can i brought back the salt i got the
81ES0z650YU-00496-00240883-00241639 sausage
81ES0z650YU-00497-00241640-00242230 definitely not going prison
81ES0z650YU-00498-00242231-00242503 i'm gonna breathe what if aki added the
81ES0z650YU-00499-00242504-00242598 telephone
81ES0z650YU-00500-00242600-00242863 bringing us one no okay what i know is
81ES0z650YU-00501-00242864-00242998 that when the bell rings you shouldn't
81ES0z650YU-00502-00243000-00243055 even be
81ES0z650YU-00503-00243056-00243182 when the phone's ringing you shouldn't
81ES0z650YU-00504-00243183-00243446 go into that door because apparently the
81ES0z650YU-00505-00243448-00244119 ghost is there or something
81ES0z650YU-00506-00244119-00244430 i'm drinking water i wish we can play
81ES0z650YU-00507-00244431-00244630 something on the screen
81ES0z650YU-00508-00244631-00244775 what do you mean play something on the
81ES0z650YU-00509-00244776-00244934 screen
81ES0z650YU-00510-00244935-00245558 can't do that in vr
81ES0z650YU-00511-00245559-00245823 and we did my minds out he will kill me
81ES0z650YU-00512-00245823-00246142 more
81ES0z650YU-00513-00246144-00246503 all right let's go intermediate
81ES0z650YU-00514-00246504-00246871 farmhouse i could not finish that one
81ES0z650YU-00515-00246871-00247006 because i already screwed up on
81ES0z650YU-00516-00247007-00247542 everything
81ES0z650YU-00517-00247544-00247742 what would be nice if there was a jump
81ES0z650YU-00518-00247744-00247927 scare picture thing that shows up for
81ES0z650YU-00519-00247928-00248039 rocky
81ES0z650YU-00520-00248040-00248415 oh lord hey guys me can you tell me when
81ES0z650YU-00521-00248416-00248630 an hour is up
81ES0z650YU-00522-00248631-00249046 one hour
81ES0z650YU-00523-00249048-00249375 all right
81ES0z650YU-00524-00249376-00249751 i am ready let's go
81ES0z650YU-00525-00249752-00250510 sorry god
81ES0z650YU-00526-00250511-00251110 let's go intermediate
81ES0z650YU-00527-00251111-00251471 intermediate let's go
81ES0z650YU-00528-00251471-00251630 discover what type of goals we were
81ES0z650YU-00529-00251631-00251758 dealing with do you attack a ghost
81ES0z650YU-00530-00251759-00251975 presence of a motion sensor
81ES0z650YU-00531-00251976-00252239 did i bring a motion sensor i did okay
81ES0z650YU-00532-00252240-00252471 have a member of your team escape the
81ES0z650YU-00533-00252471-00252558 ghost hunt
81ES0z650YU-00534-00252559-00252758 and it looks like they left enough i'm
81ES0z650YU-00535-00252759-00252927 so long this how do i do i checked
81ES0z650YU-00536-00252928-00253071 before
81ES0z650YU-00537-00253071-00253415 karen smith
81ES0z650YU-00538-00253416-00253575 that's always his response to people who
81ES0z650YU-00539-00253576-00253758 are alone you should be able to use his
81ES0z650YU-00540-00253759-00253903 name and to anger it
81ES0z650YU-00541-00253904-00254198 and get some paranormal activity oh lord
81ES0z650YU-00542-00254200-00254327 karen smith
81ES0z650YU-00543-00254328-00254623 got a karen our life that's just like we
81ES0z650YU-00544-00254623-00254751 wanted
81ES0z650YU-00545-00254752-00255046 or karen's what when says are you uv or
81ES0z650YU-00546-00255048-00255127 strong light
81ES0z650YU-00547-00255128-00256063 strong like
81ES0z650YU-00548-00256064-00256575 all right
81ES0z650YU-00549-00256576-00256958 oh my god
81ES0z650YU-00550-00256959-00257206 get the ghost to walk through salt oh my
81ES0z650YU-00551-00257207-00257391 god
81ES0z650YU-00552-00257392-00257694 this is hard it's like karen guys this
81ES0z650YU-00553-00257696-00257815 is gonna be a problem we're gonna have
81ES0z650YU-00554-00257816-00257951 to talk it out with her
81ES0z650YU-00555-00257952-00258175 if you're scared and you know clap your
81ES0z650YU-00556-00258176-00258375 hands
81ES0z650YU-00557-00258376-00258519 maybe aki should have done what to play
81ES0z650YU-00558-00258519-00258726 for this one i'm
81ES0z650YU-00559-00258727-00259030 [Music]
81ES0z650YU-00560-00259031-00259430 maybe the world the world is not as easy
81ES0z650YU-00561-00259431-00259663 as it looks
81ES0z650YU-00562-00259664-00259871 and i'm constantly moving now because
81ES0z650YU-00563-00259871-00260791 i'm fidgeting
81ES0z650YU-00564-00260792-00261182 old macdonald had a farm
81ES0z650YU-00565-00261183-00261910 yeah oh wait i forgot the keys
81ES0z650YU-00566-00261911-00262134 hello dark long time no singing i am
81ES0z650YU-00567-00262135-00262239 chips
81ES0z650YU-00568-00262240-00262575 oh hello dark i am i'm aki
81ES0z650YU-00569-00262576-00263047 i'm scared long time no see dude
81ES0z650YU-00570-00263048-00263223 you see my hands shaking right now okay
81ES0z650YU-00571-00263224-00263415 my hand is shaking so badly right now i
81ES0z650YU-00572-00263416-00263519 can't
81ES0z650YU-00573-00263520-00263910 i can't do this i hate this
81ES0z650YU-00574-00263911-00264767 why is this even part of my life
81ES0z650YU-00575-00264768-00265119 hello mommy
81ES0z650YU-00576-00265120-00265430 please please please tell me you're dead
81ES0z650YU-00577-00265431-00265479 down
81ES0z650YU-00578-00265480-00265767 not downstairs but in one of these rooms
81ES0z650YU-00579-00265768-00265887 i only got three minutes to find you
81ES0z650YU-00580-00265888-00266103 before you
81ES0z650YU-00581-00266104-00267047 i only got three minutes to find you
81ES0z650YU-00582-00267048-00267351 i
81ES0z650YU-00583-00267352-00267495 you're definitely not in this room
81ES0z650YU-00584-00267496-00267943 that's for sure
81ES0z650YU-00585-00267944-00268382 are you here
81ES0z650YU-00586-00268383-00268799 17.
81ES0z650YU-00587-00268800-00269606 we're in the kitchen
81ES0z650YU-00588-00269607-00270023 are you in the kitchen
81ES0z650YU-00589-00270024-00270223 i don't like the sound of the clock
81ES0z650YU-00590-00270224-00270575 ticking
81ES0z650YU-00591-00270576-00270791 please i just want you so i want you
81ES0z650YU-00592-00270792-00271030 like on the first floor
81ES0z650YU-00593-00271031-00271471 i swear to god
81ES0z650YU-00594-00271472-00272015 i just want you on the first floor
81ES0z650YU-00595-00272016-00272358 oh wait is this outside oh
81ES0z650YU-00596-00272359-00273095 hi
81ES0z650YU-00597-00273096-00273630 here don't tell me you're upstairs
81ES0z650YU-00598-00273631-00274599 oh my god i feel dizzy already
81ES0z650YU-00599-00274600-00274919 guys maybe i should play with people
81ES0z650YU-00600-00274920-00275095 i've maybe i should play with people
81ES0z650YU-00601-00275096-00275287 does anybody in chat have phasmaphobia
81ES0z650YU-00602-00275288-00275455 wants to play with me
81ES0z650YU-00603-00275456-00275815 hey
81ES0z650YU-00604-00275816-00276191 i'm very bad doing this alone
81ES0z650YU-00605-00276192-00276503 i can barely see because i'm blind
81ES0z650YU-00606-00276504-00276871 when i'm using vr i'm very blind
81ES0z650YU-00607-00276872-00277934 oh don't
81ES0z650YU-00608-00277935-00279327 are you in this room
81ES0z650YU-00609-00279328-00279663 chad help me god how do you find ghosts
81ES0z650YU-00610-00279664-00279847 fast
81ES0z650YU-00611-00279848-00280151 how does my friend kozaki play this game
81ES0z650YU-00612-00280152-00280455 and find the goal so fast
81ES0z650YU-00613-00280456-00281903 oh to god the cabin house is big
81ES0z650YU-00614-00281904-00282487 oh please
81ES0z650YU-00615-00282488-00283151 but maybe you're here
81ES0z650YU-00616-00283152-00283582 i can't open the door
81ES0z650YU-00617-00283583-00283775 oh my god i'm so anxious now i'm so
81ES0z650YU-00618-00283776-00283958 anxious please someone saved me
81ES0z650YU-00619-00283959-00284254 oh my god i can't do this where the hell
81ES0z650YU-00620-00284255-00284447 is the ghost
81ES0z650YU-00621-00284448-00284630 please please oh wait wait wait wait
81ES0z650YU-00622-00284631-00284782 wait was that actually the ghost
81ES0z650YU-00623-00284783-00284937 hold up wait all right
81ES0z650YU-00624-00284938-00285454 [Music]
81ES0z650YU-00625-00285455-00285823 please please
81ES0z650YU-00626-00285824-00286415 please
81ES0z650YU-00627-00286416-00287654 uh i can't open the door
81ES0z650YU-00628-00287655-00287999 the last room
81ES0z650YU-00629-00288000-00288430 did you die here i can't see 16.
81ES0z650YU-00630-00288431-00288734 where did you die i don't want to go
81ES0z650YU-00631-00288735-00288863 upstairs
81ES0z650YU-00632-00288864-00289079 i'm gonna go outside i'm gonna breathe i
81ES0z650YU-00633-00289080-00289230 need a breather i need a breather i need
81ES0z650YU-00634-00289231-00289406 a breather i want to go outside
81ES0z650YU-00635-00289407-00289687 oh no let me please let me out please
81ES0z650YU-00636-00289688-00289791 let me i wanna
81ES0z650YU-00637-00289792-00290167 go downstairs i'm gonna go
81ES0z650YU-00638-00290168-00290319 i don't want to deal with this i don't
81ES0z650YU-00639-00290320-00290575 wanna deal with this keep my head up
81ES0z650YU-00640-00290576-00291282 head up head up chin up chin up
81ES0z650YU-00641-00291283-00292430 huh
81ES0z650YU-00642-00292431-00292799 where is it guys i can't find the goals
81ES0z650YU-00643-00292800-00293334 i think it might be upstairs
81ES0z650YU-00644-00293335-00293999 never have mercy this chat please
81ES0z650YU-00645-00294000-00294247 you're scared i'm scared you guys are
81ES0z650YU-00646-00294248-00294551 doing this to me
81ES0z650YU-00647-00294552-00295167 don't sit down
81ES0z650YU-00648-00295168-00295430 i hate you guys so much i like legit
81ES0z650YU-00649-00295431-00296543 turning too fast
81ES0z650YU-00650-00296544-00296879 all right let's go
81ES0z650YU-00651-00296880-00297263 there's no better place like home
81ES0z650YU-00652-00297264-00297934 i had some
81ES0z650YU-00653-00297935-00298271 water running
81ES0z650YU-00654-00298272-00298599 you might be in here huh i might be in
81ES0z650YU-00655-00298600-00298663 here huh
81ES0z650YU-00656-00298664-00299127 you gotta be in here
81ES0z650YU-00657-00299128-00299663 open the door
81ES0z650YU-00658-00299664-00300175 everyone here
81ES0z650YU-00659-00300176-00300503 i can't turn it off are you in here
81ES0z650YU-00660-00300504-00300710 you're definitely not in here okay okay
81ES0z650YU-00661-00300711-00300854 i say yes you say yes you see you're not
81ES0z650YU-00662-00300855-00300975 here i see you're not here i see you
81ES0z650YU-00663-00300976-00301119 here you're not in here you're not here
81ES0z650YU-00664-00301120-00301519 what's the story lead me to
81ES0z650YU-00665-00301520-00301854 outside okay hey i'm outside
81ES0z650YU-00666-00301855-00302182 oh you guys are faking me stop stop
81ES0z650YU-00667-00302183-00302519 please
81ES0z650YU-00668-00302520-00302758 oh my god please stop please stop let me
81ES0z650YU-00669-00302759-00302903 find the ghost room
81ES0z650YU-00670-00302904-00303063 please let me at least find the ghost
81ES0z650YU-00671-00303064-00303527 room he's got to be here somewhere
81ES0z650YU-00672-00303528-00303879 you look guy
81ES0z650YU-00673-00303880-00304543 i can't hold my hand still
81ES0z650YU-00674-00304544-00304815 stop stop stop those three please please
81ES0z650YU-00675-00304816-00304863 please
81ES0z650YU-00676-00304864-00305206 there's 14 in here it's gotta be in here
81ES0z650YU-00677-00305207-00305534 come in here somewhere
81ES0z650YU-00678-00305535-00305951 let's do outside okay
81ES0z650YU-00679-00305952-00306263 oh god guys can i give up i can't i
81ES0z650YU-00680-00306264-00306679 think it's upstairs
81ES0z650YU-00681-00306680-00306934 i think they're in the attic i think
81ES0z650YU-00682-00306935-00307551 they're in the attic
81ES0z650YU-00683-00307552-00308903 twelve i see twelve
81ES0z650YU-00684-00308904-00309206 i saw 12.
81ES0z650YU-00685-00309207-00309663 i saw 11.
81ES0z650YU-00686-00309664-00310087 i'm gonna stay next to the door
81ES0z650YU-00687-00310088-00310358 i see seven i think i think it's in
81ES0z650YU-00688-00310359-00310439 there
81ES0z650YU-00689-00310440-00310830 i think it's in there
81ES0z650YU-00690-00310831-00310999 i think it might be in there but for
81ES0z650YU-00691-00311000-00311247 some reason it's not showing
81ES0z650YU-00692-00311248-00311943 or maybe because i'm outside
81ES0z650YU-00693-00311944-00313682 hey cozy
81ES0z650YU-00694-00313683-00314327 okay
81ES0z650YU-00695-00314328-00315220 over here
81ES0z650YU-00696-00315221-00316334 [Laughter]
81ES0z650YU-00697-00316335-00316591 i think it's here i think it's right
81ES0z650YU-00698-00316592-00316654 here
81ES0z650YU-00699-00316655-00317158 i think it's right here
81ES0z650YU-00700-00317159-00317454 oh fudge me okay there goes the salt
81ES0z650YU-00701-00317455-00317567 there goes the salt
81ES0z650YU-00702-00317568-00318167 it goes there goes my heart
81ES0z650YU-00703-00318168-00318439 there goes my heart like it was me i
81ES0z650YU-00704-00318440-00318503 cannot
81ES0z650YU-00705-00318504-00318727 this is why i can't play this game you
81ES0z650YU-00706-00318728-00318863 guys make me scared of playing
81ES0z650YU-00707-00318864-00319103 fazophobia
81ES0z650YU-00708-00319104-00319430 how does salt have all the salt
81ES0z650YU-00709-00319431-00319582 oh my god i poured too much salt in one
81ES0z650YU-00710-00319583-00319967 corner oh jesus christ
81ES0z650YU-00711-00319968-00320310 the soul is already dead
81ES0z650YU-00712-00320311-00320471 all right i'm gonna go ever go inside
81ES0z650YU-00713-00320472-00320743 i'm gonna i'm gonna i'm just gonna
81ES0z650YU-00714-00320744-00320991 i'm just gonna go to the i'm just gonna
81ES0z650YU-00715-00320992-00321054 go to the
81ES0z650YU-00716-00321055-00321391 where which way is it
81ES0z650YU-00717-00321392-00321871 ah i'll die don't save me
81ES0z650YU-00718-00321872-00322310 which way is out
81ES0z650YU-00719-00322311-00322687 hey i'm freaking out
81ES0z650YU-00720-00322688-00322934 this is not the way out which way is out
81ES0z650YU-00721-00322935-00323054 don't tell me how to go through the
81ES0z650YU-00722-00323055-00323151 house and get out
81ES0z650YU-00723-00323152-00323606 please don't do this this is to be
81ES0z650YU-00724-00323607-00324709 gotta be a way out it's gotta be this
81ES0z650YU-00725-00324710-00324882 [Music]
81ES0z650YU-00726-00324883-00325230 way
81ES0z650YU-00727-00325231-00325582 oh
81ES0z650YU-00728-00325583-00325806 there's gotta be a way out please do not
81ES0z650YU-00729-00325807-00326030 let me back inside the house
81ES0z650YU-00730-00326031-00326351 no i don't wanna go back inside please
81ES0z650YU-00731-00326352-00326582 let me out okay thank god
81ES0z650YU-00732-00326583-00327230 uh i don't know this map
81ES0z650YU-00733-00327231-00327551 this this this cabin this cabin feels a
81ES0z650YU-00734-00327552-00327678 lot different
81ES0z650YU-00735-00327679-00328054 is i'm crying i'm sorry
81ES0z650YU-00736-00328055-00328375 my nose is sorry one second
81ES0z650YU-00737-00328376-00328671 i'm going to stop guys i'm not crying
81ES0z650YU-00738-00328672-00328830 okay i'm not crying
81ES0z650YU-00739-00328831-00329103 i keep trolling i'm not trolling i think
81ES0z650YU-00740-00329104-00329239 he was hunting me
81ES0z650YU-00741-00329240-00329775 it was hunting me for a second oh my god
81ES0z650YU-00742-00329776-00329951 oh i did it it was definitely right
81ES0z650YU-00743-00329952-00330110 there guys it was right there
81ES0z650YU-00744-00330111-00330482 now i just need to remember how i get
81ES0z650YU-00745-00330483-00331143 there
81ES0z650YU-00746-00331144-00331367 i got one so i got it right guys look we
81ES0z650YU-00747-00331368-00331639 did it we got one
81ES0z650YU-00748-00331640-00332071 okay nothing's like a it's like a nine
81ES0z650YU-00749-00332072-00332151 between
81ES0z650YU-00750-00332152-00332534 brah hunting is like a four for me
81ES0z650YU-00751-00332535-00332871 i feel paranoid mochi i feel so paranoid
81ES0z650YU-00752-00332872-00332958 right now
81ES0z650YU-00753-00332959-00333278 uh we found the spot
81ES0z650YU-00754-00333279-00333510 we found the spot it's right there it's
81ES0z650YU-00755-00333511-00333591 right next to the
81ES0z650YU-00756-00333592-00333815 pile of wood thingy i can't believe it
81ES0z650YU-00757-00333816-00334630 worked
81ES0z650YU-00758-00334631-00335006 i don't know one second
81ES0z650YU-00759-00335007-00335239 my heart is painting really fast it's
81ES0z650YU-00760-00335240-00335527 like a ghost person with a motion sensor
81ES0z650YU-00761-00335528-00335830 i'll do my best
81ES0z650YU-00762-00335831-00336430 and have the salt here i'll take this
81ES0z650YU-00763-00336431-00336806 and then which one's the motion sensor
81ES0z650YU-00764-00336807-00337391 this motion sensor what's this
81ES0z650YU-00765-00337392-00337823 what's this
81ES0z650YU-00766-00337824-00338182 the motion sensor
81ES0z650YU-00767-00338183-00338463 are these the motion sensor no one's a
81ES0z650YU-00768-00338464-00338767 sound sensor that was a motion sensor
81ES0z650YU-00769-00338768-00339087 which one's which
81ES0z650YU-00770-00339088-00339495 is this one but guys chad which one's
81ES0z650YU-00771-00339496-00340078 the motion sensor
81ES0z650YU-00772-00340079-00340615 the blue one
81ES0z650YU-00773-00340616-00340943 okay all right let's let's try to
81ES0z650YU-00774-00340944-00341071 remember that spot
81ES0z650YU-00775-00341072-00341310 so we can go around the house we have to
81ES0z650YU-00776-00341311-00341423 be inside
81ES0z650YU-00777-00341424-00341582 we can go around the house and it's
81ES0z650YU-00778-00341583-00341775 right next to the door
81ES0z650YU-00779-00341776-00341999 and then i need to how do you guys use
81ES0z650YU-00780-00342000-00342623 the motion sensor
81ES0z650YU-00782-00345831-00346078 i don't want to go inside guys i really
81ES0z650YU-00783-00346079-00346343 don't
81ES0z650YU-00784-00346344-00346703 i think it's here
81ES0z650YU-00785-00346704-00346967 okay it's not here sorry wrong door i'll
81ES0z650YU-00786-00346968-00347199 be i think it's the other door
81ES0z650YU-00787-00347200-00347423 i'm sorry ghost i'll be back i'll i'll
81ES0z650YU-00788-00347424-00347743 i'll say hi to you on the other door
81ES0z650YU-00789-00347744-00348206 ow is it this door
81ES0z650YU-00790-00348207-00348682 oh wait a second
81ES0z650YU-00791-00348683-00349399 uh wait a second what
81ES0z650YU-00792-00349400-00349991 why where's the door with pile of wood
81ES0z650YU-00793-00349992-00350382 not here wait where did the door go
81ES0z650YU-00794-00350383-00350695 guys where did the door go
81ES0z650YU-00795-00350696-00351039 where did the door go hold up where did
81ES0z650YU-00796-00351040-00351263 the door just appeared on me there's no
81ES0z650YU-00797-00351264-00351591 way was i seeing things the whole time
81ES0z650YU-00798-00351592-00351903 please god
81ES0z650YU-00799-00351904-00352358 it could be this door
81ES0z650YU-00800-00352359-00353654 no it was not this door
81ES0z650YU-00801-00353655-00354030 it's this door isn't it it's right here
81ES0z650YU-00802-00354031-00354343 i feel like puking
81ES0z650YU-00803-00354344-00354534 motion sickness is the best so you're in
81ES0z650YU-00804-00354535-00354782 here aren't you
81ES0z650YU-00805-00354783-00355375 hello
81ES0z650YU-00806-00355376-00355751 guys how do i place this
81ES0z650YU-00807-00355752-00355951 place on the wall i don't want no place
81ES0z650YU-00808-00355952-00358063 on the wall i don't want to eat
81ES0z650YU-00809-00358064-00358958 no no no no no no no
81ES0z650YU-00810-00358959-00359230 raising temperature check freezing
81ES0z650YU-00811-00359231-00359303 temperature
81ES0z650YU-00812-00359304-00359639 check freeze check
81ES0z650YU-00813-00359640-00359839 he was on tv but he did not he did not
81ES0z650YU-00814-00359840-00360078 kill me why didn't he kill me
81ES0z650YU-00815-00360079-00360310 why did he not kill me why did he not
81ES0z650YU-00816-00360311-00360703 kill me
81ES0z650YU-00817-00360704-00361471 i can't click
81ES0z650YU-00818-00361472-00362287 isn't temperature
81ES0z650YU-00819-00362288-00362630 you're standing in too high for it
81ES0z650YU-00820-00362631-00362854 my sadness that you may think you're my
81ES0z650YU-00821-00362855-00362951 standing is high
81ES0z650YU-00822-00362952-00363151 i'm saying he's dropping rock bottom at
81ES0z650YU-00823-00363152-00363303 a fast rate it's like a roller coaster
81ES0z650YU-00824-00363304-00363447 ride i can't handle this
81ES0z650YU-00825-00363448-00363687 we got freezing temperature though we
81ES0z650YU-00826-00363688-00363871 even got it officially now
81ES0z650YU-00827-00363872-00364087 and when we went there there wasn't any
81ES0z650YU-00828-00364088-00364199 see see look
81ES0z650YU-00829-00364200-00364710 at that but sandy's not 52
81ES0z650YU-00830-00364711-00365071 my sanity has been 52 percent oh wait
81ES0z650YU-00831-00365072-00365399 a motion sensor it got ticked yeah we
81ES0z650YU-00832-00365400-00365695 did it okay
81ES0z650YU-00833-00365696-00365951 is that a cold sword that's ghost orb
81ES0z650YU-00834-00365952-00366134 that's a cool storm
81ES0z650YU-00835-00366135-00366447 that's a ghost or
81ES0z650YU-00836-00366448-00366695 i can't click so help me one second i
81ES0z650YU-00837-00366696-00366887 see i know i know he's moving
81ES0z650YU-00838-00366888-00367287 i know he's moving hold up one second
81ES0z650YU-00839-00367288-00367606 one second please let's try
81ES0z650YU-00840-00367607-00367887 try the ghost writing try the ghost
81ES0z650YU-00841-00367888-00367934 right
81ES0z650YU-00842-00367935-00368558 now he's moving
81ES0z650YU-00843-00368559-00368943 oh lord
81ES0z650YU-00844-00368944-00369103 every time we go inside he just closes
81ES0z650YU-00845-00369104-00369310 the door on me now i don't want this i
81ES0z650YU-00846-00369311-00369447 don't want this because i can't need
81ES0z650YU-00847-00369448-00369671 someone to play with this
81ES0z650YU-00848-00369672-00369999 i need i need a lifeline oh mother mercy
81ES0z650YU-00849-00370000-00370287 if i complete what's what's what's
81ES0z650YU-00850-00370288-00370406 driving me
81ES0z650YU-00851-00370407-00370582 chat what's driving me to complete this
81ES0z650YU-00852-00370583-00370710 because i want to complete at least one
81ES0z650YU-00853-00370711-00370799 map
81ES0z650YU-00854-00370800-00371254 by myself i'm almost there
81ES0z650YU-00855-00371255-00371415 i'm almost there i just need to figure
81ES0z650YU-00856-00371416-00371895 out one last thing
81ES0z650YU-00857-00371896-00372063 then i'll be proud of myself and give
81ES0z650YU-00858-00372064-00372482 finally i can give myself a pat on the
81ES0z650YU-00859-00372483-00373127 back
81ES0z650YU-00860-00373128-00373351 and i think i think the i think the
81ES0z650YU-00861-00373352-00373615 ghost is hunting like crazy now because
81ES0z650YU-00862-00373616-00373847 because um because immediately as i
81ES0z650YU-00863-00373848-00374071 enter in he just locks the door of me
81ES0z650YU-00864-00374072-00374510 and said screw me
81ES0z650YU-00865-00374511-00374830 now write in the book right in the book
81ES0z650YU-00866-00374831-00375239 please please please
81ES0z650YU-00867-00375240-00375551 like place around the book i know you're
81ES0z650YU-00868-00375552-00375599 there
81ES0z650YU-00869-00375600-00375734 i know you're there could you write in
81ES0z650YU-00870-00375735-00376134 the book for me
81ES0z650YU-00871-00376135-00376463 thank you please all right i'll be back
81ES0z650YU-00872-00376464-00376991 don't worry i'll say hi to you in a bit
81ES0z650YU-00873-00376992-00377334 i mean ivy that works right that works
81ES0z650YU-00874-00377335-00377406 right you can
81ES0z650YU-00875-00377407-00377654 just toss the book in don't help my hand
81ES0z650YU-00876-00377655-00378054 it's checking like crazy
81ES0z650YU-00877-00378055-00378382 all right over this um
81ES0z650YU-00878-00378383-00378671 we could we can go back there and check
81ES0z650YU-00879-00378672-00378967 in a second
81ES0z650YU-00880-00378968-00379482 i can go back there and check in a
81ES0z650YU-00881-00379483-00379934 second
81ES0z650YU-00882-00379935-00380278 [Music]
81ES0z650YU-00883-00380279-00380423 in the hallway the book is in the
81ES0z650YU-00884-00380424-00380758 hallway and the doorway it's boom
81ES0z650YU-00885-00380759-00380999 it's both do not do not tell me go
81ES0z650YU-00886-00381000-00381167 outside he's gonna lock the door and eat
81ES0z650YU-00887-00381168-00381215 me
81ES0z650YU-00888-00381216-00381391 he's gonna lock the door and eat me look
81ES0z650YU-00889-00381392-00381527 at that i mean it's a she
81ES0z650YU-00890-00381528-00382423 sorry it's a she not he's a she i'd
81ES0z650YU-00891-00382424-00383023 are you writing the book
81ES0z650YU-00892-00383024-00383191 why are you yelling though what do you
81ES0z650YU-00893-00383192-00383327 mean why i'm not yelling why am i
81ES0z650YU-00894-00383328-00383406 yelling
81ES0z650YU-00895-00383407-00383599 do you not know oh my god look at you
81ES0z650YU-00896-00383600-00384095 guys so much
81ES0z650YU-00897-00384096-00384351 wait what was it next oh i'm getting
81ES0z650YU-00898-00384352-00384647 dizzy from moving around too much um
81ES0z650YU-00899-00384648-00384806 i have a member of your team escape the
81ES0z650YU-00900-00384807-00385082 goal starting to hunt um
81ES0z650YU-00901-00385083-00385751 um um that's never gonna happen
81ES0z650YU-00902-00385752-00386710 i'll be dead but i can never escape
81ES0z650YU-00903-00386711-00387151 guys i think it might be a shade
81ES0z650YU-00904-00387152-00387319 the last thing about to check if it's
81ES0z650YU-00905-00387320-00388582 writing in the book or this or spare box
81ES0z650YU-00906-00388583-00389510 you guys scare me you guys scare me
81ES0z650YU-00907-00389511-00389678 i'm biting my lips more than you guys
81ES0z650YU-00908-00389679-00389902 think okay i i bet my lips are hard it's
81ES0z650YU-00909-00389903-00390039 bleeding right now on the right side
81ES0z650YU-00910-00390040-00390254 because i got scared
81ES0z650YU-00911-00390255-00391558 earlier to run the book
81ES0z650YU-00912-00391559-00392039 oh no i don't want to go inside
81ES0z650YU-00913-00392040-00392302 please don't let me please could you
81ES0z650YU-00914-00392303-00392399 could you
81ES0z650YU-00915-00392400-00392710 could you tell me i think you're there i
81ES0z650YU-00916-00392711-00392902 think you're right there
81ES0z650YU-00917-00392903-00394147 hi hi
81ES0z650YU-00918-00394148-00394534 [Laughter]
81ES0z650YU-00919-00394535-00395743 all right
81ES0z650YU-00920-00395744-00395975 right on it you decide your ear either
81ES0z650YU-00921-00395976-00396071 mf5
81ES0z650YU-00922-00396072-00396343 or you're the book decide for me please
81ES0z650YU-00923-00396344-00396406 ghost
81ES0z650YU-00924-00396407-00396687 oh please go come on decide for me i
81ES0z650YU-00925-00396688-00397119 just need one answer
81ES0z650YU-00926-00397120-00397551 hi bye sucker sucker
81ES0z650YU-00927-00397552-00397815 you get me this time oh you think who
81ES0z650YU-00928-00397816-00398134 you are huh
81ES0z650YU-00929-00398135-00398295 so you guys just see you guys look what
81ES0z650YU-00930-00398296-00398471 happened i pissed them off
81ES0z650YU-00931-00398472-00398710 it worked i pissed her off sorry the
81ES0z650YU-00932-00398711-00399023 she's karen
81ES0z650YU-00933-00399024-00399223 i think she's i think she's i don't want
81ES0z650YU-00934-00399224-00399334 to touch the door
81ES0z650YU-00935-00399335-00399582 i'm good i'll wait for the haunt to be
81ES0z650YU-00936-00399583-00399775 over
81ES0z650YU-00937-00399776-00400406 stop elijah died
81ES0z650YU-00938-00400407-00400591 i'm good i'm starting from the heat i'm
81ES0z650YU-00939-00400592-00400799 sweating from you guys
81ES0z650YU-00940-00400800-00400967 sandy was too high my sanity is
81ES0z650YU-00941-00400968-00401119 definitely not high it's 50
81ES0z650YU-00942-00401120-00401310 it's probably dropping like a crazy
81ES0z650YU-00943-00401311-00401654 mother trucker right now
81ES0z650YU-00944-00401655-00401975 i'm i'm i'm thinking like i did i think
81ES0z650YU-00945-00401976-00402575 you stopped hunting
81ES0z650YU-00946-00402576-00403054 open the door are you behind the door
81ES0z650YU-00947-00403055-00403287 can you open the door for me ghosts i
81ES0z650YU-00948-00403288-00403430 don't want to get in there karen
81ES0z650YU-00949-00403431-00403639 i don't want to talk to you karen can
81ES0z650YU-00950-00403640-00404206 you get open to the door
81ES0z650YU-00951-00404207-00404478 i swear to god did you write in the book
81ES0z650YU-00952-00404479-00404934 all i need to know is if you
81ES0z650YU-00953-00404935-00405151 stop stop stop stop stop stop i know
81ES0z650YU-00954-00405152-00405327 it's you guys yours are faking it
81ES0z650YU-00955-00405328-00405727 you guys are faking it stopping me
81ES0z650YU-00956-00405728-00406095 loving me actually depends on what it is
81ES0z650YU-00957-00406096-00406310 because i play it down professional okay
81ES0z650YU-00958-00406311-00406630 cool
81ES0z650YU-00959-00406631-00406878 my heart is my heart's ready i'm pretty
81ES0z650YU-00960-00406879-00407271 good let me i'm calm i'm calm
81ES0z650YU-00961-00407272-00407695 we'll figure it out
81ES0z650YU-00962-00407696-00408495 it's either a a you day or
81ES0z650YU-00963-00408496-00408887 wait a second
81ES0z650YU-00964-00408888-00409463 oh my god oh my god
81ES0z650YU-00965-00409464-00409855 oh we don't know we don't know
81ES0z650YU-00966-00409856-00410526 it could be anything
81ES0z650YU-00967-00410527-00410959 hello may how are you doing
81ES0z650YU-00968-00410960-00411366 you doing if i
81ES0z650YU-00969-00411367-00411710 i'm i won't stop
81ES0z650YU-00970-00411712-00411926 until you complete this please aki do
81ES0z650YU-00971-00411927-00412014 not stop
81ES0z650YU-00972-00412015-00412182 i know you're scared okay just don't
81ES0z650YU-00973-00412183-00413082 stop
81ES0z650YU-00974-00413083-00413910 funny
81ES0z650YU-00975-00413912-00414214 wait i didn't turn what on
81ES0z650YU-00976-00414215-00414534 because i needed it i can't check it
81ES0z650YU-00977-00414535-00414863 you have to get really close to track
81ES0z650YU-00978-00414864-00415447 under your heart wait under fatio hunt
81ES0z650YU-00979-00415447-00416214 has been away for the same day
81ES0z650YU-00980-00416215-00416551 what you said 15
81ES0z650YU-00981-00416552-00417095 am i 40 what's going on with my
81ES0z650YU-00982-00417096-00417630 okay time to take drugs guys it's time
81ES0z650YU-00983-00417631-00419143 stop him stop shaking hands
81ES0z650YU-00984-00419143-00419951 you're lying to me i don't believe is a
81ES0z650YU-00985-00419952-00420143 i told you my hands are really my hands
81ES0z650YU-00986-00420143-00420399 are shaking like crazy i can't really
81ES0z650YU-00987-00420400-00420710 i keep on yeah you know what was her
81ES0z650YU-00988-00420712-00420751 name
81ES0z650YU-00989-00420752-00420903 it was i think it was karen something
81ES0z650YU-00990-00420904-00421183 right guys
81ES0z650YU-00991-00421184-00421751 i cannot play like this was it
81ES0z650YU-00992-00421752-00422175 karen smith all right karen
81ES0z650YU-00993-00422176-00423303 all right
81ES0z650YU-00994-00423304-00423559 i'm not happy about this karen i'm not
81ES0z650YU-00995-00423560-00423863 happy about this
81ES0z650YU-00996-00423864-00424263 i freaking hit you karen
81ES0z650YU-00997-00424264-00424647 i am so scared
81ES0z650YU-00998-00424647-00424847 hi karen are you she or he who are you
81ES0z650YU-00999-00424847-00424991 you're demon are you a lover
81ES0z650YU-01000-00424992-00425318 oh my god i'm too scared hello karen hi
81ES0z650YU-01001-00425319-00425679 bye where are you where are you are you
81ES0z650YU-01002-00425680-00425831 a girl or a guy
81ES0z650YU-01003-00425832-00426175 are you human hello i'm i'm aki
81ES0z650YU-01004-00426176-00426543 how are you would you like [__]
81ES0z650YU-01005-00426543-00426966 i [__] hate you guys can i
81ES0z650YU-01006-00426967-00427710 i hear you guys good oh my god oh my god
81ES0z650YU-01007-00427712-00427999 hello karen karen smith hello hello are
81ES0z650YU-01008-00428000-00428207 you a demon are you oni are you yokai do
81ES0z650YU-01009-00428208-00428383 you like me do i love you i hate you you
81ES0z650YU-01010-00428384-00428447 know
81ES0z650YU-01011-00428447-00428735 uh hello karen how old are you are you
81ES0z650YU-01012-00428735-00428903 she or he
81ES0z650YU-01013-00428904-00429110 oh my god she's not replying she's not
81ES0z650YU-01014-00429112-00429591 replying
81ES0z650YU-01015-00429592-00429918 hello karen karen smith i know
81ES0z650YU-01016-00429919-00430166 i know that you're karen now but but
81ES0z650YU-01017-00430167-00430343 there's times you gotta have a talk okay
81ES0z650YU-01018-00430343-00430414 sometimes you gotta
81ES0z650YU-01019-00430415-00430783 be optimistic are you or she
81ES0z650YU-01020-00430784-00431087 no no detection okay
81ES0z650YU-01021-00431088-00431503 that means i'm talking too fast
81ES0z650YU-01022-00431504-00431670 i'm talking too fast guys what questions
81ES0z650YU-01023-00431671-00432079 should i ask what question should i ask
81ES0z650YU-01024-00432080-00432359 hey karen do you like foxes nothing
81ES0z650YU-01025-00432360-00432683 detective hey karen do you like um
81ES0z650YU-01026-00432684-00432935 humans hey karen are you a kid
81ES0z650YU-01027-00432935-00433247 how old are you are you an adult i love
81ES0z650YU-01028-00433247-00433310 you
81ES0z650YU-01029-00433312-00433518 not really actually i don't like you but
81ES0z650YU-01030-00433519-00433710 i'm scared of you please
81ES0z650YU-01031-00433712-00434087 um um who are you
81ES0z650YU-01032-00434088-00434647 who are you who are you where are you
81ES0z650YU-01033-00434647-00434918 karen karen smith guys what do i ask
81ES0z650YU-01034-00434919-00435055 what do i ask ask her
81ES0z650YU-01035-00435056-00435407 if she wants to speak to the manager
81ES0z650YU-01036-00435408-00435799 she's not even near him i mean
81ES0z650YU-01037-00435800-00435966 i am in the house i'm in the doorway
81ES0z650YU-01038-00435967-00436247 look
81ES0z650YU-01039-00436247-00436503 karen do you want the manager karen do
81ES0z650YU-01040-00436504-00436883 you want the manager
81ES0z650YU-01041-00436884-00437110 hey
81ES0z650YU-01042-00437112-00437510 i'm inside
81ES0z650YU-01043-00437512-00437903 shut up mochi you just want me go inside
81ES0z650YU-01044-00437904-00439414 i do not want to build my god oh lord
81ES0z650YU-01045-00439415-00439822 i'm 100 sure karen's pissed off at me
81ES0z650YU-01046-00439823-00440087 guys i'm 100 sure karen's pissed off at
81ES0z650YU-01047-00440088-00440191 me by now
81ES0z650YU-01048-00440192-00440414 i've been in her house for too long i
81ES0z650YU-01049-00440415-00440559 should not be there
81ES0z650YU-01050-00440560-00440822 and i only need one answer whether she
81ES0z650YU-01051-00440823-00440870 is a
81ES0z650YU-01052-00440871-00441455 spirit boxers or or she
81ES0z650YU-01053-00441456-00441647 shut up your legs i don't want to go
81ES0z650YU-01054-00441647-00441918 inside please
81ES0z650YU-01055-00441919-00442247 i've been inside for so long i got
81ES0z650YU-01056-00442247-00442670 scared enough in this house
81ES0z650YU-01057-00442671-00442847 i win i'll win this without needing to
81ES0z650YU-01058-00442847-00443070 go inside
81ES0z650YU-01059-00443071-00443239 i can't handle it my heart is beating
81ES0z650YU-01060-00443239-00443927 too fast right now
81ES0z650YU-01061-00443928-00444118 i do not want to like fall and slam my
81ES0z650YU-01062-00444119-00444718 head onto like into something
81ES0z650YU-01063-00444719-00444983 all right karen i'm here i came to say
81ES0z650YU-01064-00444984-00445214 hi karen
81ES0z650YU-01065-00445215-00445439 i should write anything on the butt
81ES0z650YU-01066-00445439-00445887 karen please could you tell me
81ES0z650YU-01067-00445888-00446270 i'm scared karen karen i love you who
81ES0z650YU-01068-00446271-00446431 are you are you demon are you human are
81ES0z650YU-01069-00446432-00446470 you
81ES0z650YU-01070-00446471-00446735 i'm scared of you man are you hey okay i
81ES0z650YU-01071-00446735-00446887 got you thank you i love you too
81ES0z650YU-01072-00446888-00447470 bye got it
81ES0z650YU-01073-00447471-00447751 oh jeff i mean i don't believe you guys
81ES0z650YU-01074-00447752-00448022 i don't believe you guys for one second
81ES0z650YU-01075-00448023-00448335 i don't believe you guys for one second
81ES0z650YU-01076-00448335-00449070 oh my god
81ES0z650YU-01077-00449071-00449422 you are a mayor all right gucci i'm done
81ES0z650YU-01078-00449423-00449718 oh yeah look at that guys we're good i'm
81ES0z650YU-01079-00449719-00450559 getting out of here
81ES0z650YU-01080-00450560-00451599 wins this round
81ES0z650YU-01081-00451600-00451766 you beat me every day with bread look at
81ES0z650YU-01082-00451767-00451943 that how smart is karen
81ES0z650YU-01083-00451943-00452079 say this is why you don't talk to
81ES0z650YU-01084-00452080-00452543 karen's i hate you
81ES0z650YU-01085-00452543-00453079 i'm done get me out of here
81ES0z650YU-01086-00453080-00453814 get out of here
81ES0z650YU-01087-00453815-00454239 it that's it
81ES0z650YU-01088-00454239-00454718 oh god
81ES0z650YU-01089-00454719-00455083 somebody got it right yeah i got 70
81ES0z650YU-01090-00455084-00455503 dollars that's nice
81ES0z650YU-01091-00455504-00455847 all right ah there we completed one guys
81ES0z650YU-01092-00455847-00456183 clink that's do you guys hate me
81ES0z650YU-01093-00456184-00456407 chat you know sometimes sometimes you
81ES0z650YU-01094-00456408-00456518 got all smart
81ES0z650YU-01095-00456519-00456743 yeah guys try out smart me how smart you
81ES0z650YU-01096-00456743-00456831 you know i mean
81ES0z650YU-01097-00456832-00457079 i may have a p brain but i'll tell you
81ES0z650YU-01098-00457080-00457166 chat
81ES0z650YU-01099-00457167-00457366 let me tell you chat i may have a p
81ES0z650YU-01100-00457367-00457639 brain but my brain is as big as a p
81ES0z650YU-01101-00457639-00457983 okay it works it works okay when you're
81ES0z650YU-01102-00457984-00458183 scared you think outside the box and you
81ES0z650YU-01103-00458184-00458391 figure out what it is
81ES0z650YU-01104-00458392-00458887 and i'm good i got it right
81ES0z650YU-01105-00458888-00459207 i got it right guys no
81ES0z650YU-01106-00459208-00459439 no no no no no you can't scare me you
81ES0z650YU-01107-00459439-00459551 can't scare me now
81ES0z650YU-01108-00459552-00459695 it's still like you're lighting up it's
81ES0z650YU-01109-00459696-00459910 too late it's too late i'm
81ES0z650YU-01110-00459912-00460295 sitting down i'm breathing in my room
81ES0z650YU-01111-00460296-00460614 i hate you i hate you all
81ES0z650YU-01112-00460615-00460799 i'm gonna drink my tea and feel happy
81ES0z650YU-01113-00460800-00460943 for myself you guys
81ES0z650YU-01114-00460943-00461807 hey guys so you guys hate me now
81ES0z650YU-01115-00461808-00462327 oh my god how can you guys scare me here
81ES0z650YU-01116-00462328-00462527 all right guys how long have i how long
81ES0z650YU-01117-00462528-00462743 has it been
81ES0z650YU-01118-00462743-00463135 now we're ready
81ES0z650YU-01119-00463135-00463431 i'm shaking my legs shaking my arms
81ES0z650YU-01120-00463432-00463495 shaking
81ES0z650YU-01121-00463496-00463718 dude i was so scared i'm not gonna lie i
81ES0z650YU-01122-00463719-00463879 was so scared to go inside the room
81ES0z650YU-01123-00463880-00463991 because i knew that
81ES0z650YU-01124-00463992-00464166 my friend told me that after like three
81ES0z650YU-01125-00464167-00464327 to five minutes the ghost would start
81ES0z650YU-01126-00464328-00464455 hunting you
81ES0z650YU-01127-00464456-00464655 and then the moment i went to the room
81ES0z650YU-01128-00464656-00464799 went back in the room he closed the door
81ES0z650YU-01129-00464800-00464983 and scared me and i was like oh [__] you
81ES0z650YU-01130-00464984-00465407 know
81ES0z650YU-01131-00465408-00465607 no no no lightning i'm in the victory
81ES0z650YU-01132-00465608-00465895 mode victory mode speech
81ES0z650YU-01133-00465896-00466679 victory mode
81ES0z650YU-01134-00466680-00467095 that's all i could do okay i feel sick
81ES0z650YU-01135-00467096-00467663 i feel like i'm gonna puke so stop
81ES0z650YU-01136-00467664-00467839 you know you know that feeling when
81ES0z650YU-01137-00467839-00467991 something is welling up from the bottom
81ES0z650YU-01138-00467992-00468151 of your throat that's how i feel right
81ES0z650YU-01139-00468152-00468263 now so i'm gonna
81ES0z650YU-01140-00468264-00468663 search over vr chat now okay guys
81ES0z650YU-01141-00468664-00468975 i can't do it i only can do it once
81ES0z650YU-01142-00468976-00469327 i only can do it takes a lot of courage
81ES0z650YU-01143-00469328-00469607 aki takes a lot of aki courage okay a
81ES0z650YU-01144-00469608-00469655 lot of
81ES0z650YU-01145-00469656-00470087 a lot of courage to get in it
81ES0z650YU-01146-00470088-00470399 it takes a lot of courage for me to play
81ES0z650YU-01147-00470400-00470535 solo and now i
81ES0z650YU-01148-00470535-00470807 i can't that was so much courage okay
81ES0z650YU-01149-00470808-00470991 even the moment i step in the door is
81ES0z650YU-01150-00470992-00471479 when the whole world changes for me
81ES0z650YU-01151-00471480-00471766 we get it we get it do you get it do you
81ES0z650YU-01152-00471767-00471839 get it
81ES0z650YU-01153-00471839-00472366 i don't think you guys get it
81ES0z650YU-01154-00472367-00472583 all right chat thank you guys you guys
81ES0z650YU-01155-00472584-00472679 are here for some
81ES0z650YU-01156-00472680-00472935 uh vr phasma flip yeah the one hour is
81ES0z650YU-01157-00472935-00473176 up
8276XkWrklQ-00000-00000037-00001423 [Music]
8276XkWrklQ-00001-00001424-00003146 the celebrities
8276XkWrklQ-00002-00003147-00004019 [Music]
8276XkWrklQ-00003-00004020-00006415 please help me please
8276XkWrklQ-00004-00006416-00008267 [Music]
8276XkWrklQ-00005-00008268-00008959 [Music]
8276XkWrklQ-00006-00008960-00009257 oh please help me
8276XkWrklQ-00007-00009258-00009875 please go easy on me
8276XkWrklQ-00008-00009876-00010001 [Music]
8276XkWrklQ-00009-00010002-00010145 for me
8276XkWrklQ-00010-00010146-00011141 [Music]
8276XkWrklQ-00011-00011142-00011381 please please go easy
8276XkWrklQ-00012-00011382-00011573 easy
8276XkWrklQ-00013-00011574-00011899 purpose regarding
8276XkWrklQ-00015-00015036-00015326 good
84XPIQ0KhU8-00000-00000076-00001222 [Music]
84XPIQ0KhU8-00001-00001223-00001730 hi everyone so let's get started for
84XPIQ0KhU8-00002-00001730-00001964 your last session of the day before the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00003-00001964-00002450 big keynote obviously my name is Gabby I
84XPIQ0KhU8-00004-00002451-00002675 am a developer at the get done at
84XPIQ0KhU8-00005-00002676-00003100 scale team at Shopify and this week is
84XPIQ0KhU8-00006-00003101-00003272 kind of special for me because I'm
84XPIQ0KhU8-00007-00003272-00003670 celebrating quite a few things so today
84XPIQ0KhU8-00008-00003671-00003929 I complete this week I'm completing one
84XPIQ0KhU8-00009-00003929-00004156 year that I've been at Shopify it's my
84XPIQ0KhU8-00010-00004157-00004381 one-year anniversary as a Ruby
84XPIQ0KhU8-00011-00004382-00004597 programmer it's also my one-year
84XPIQ0KhU8-00012-00004598-00004922 anniversary as a real programmer it's
84XPIQ0KhU8-00013-00004923-00005120 the first time ever that I'm at a
84XPIQ0KhU8-00014-00005121-00005390 conference and it's the first time that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00015-00005391-00005654 I'm speaking to a tech row so that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00016-00005655-00005952 basically means that I'm terrified and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00017-00005953-00006388 if I am speaking way too fast the worst
84XPIQ0KhU8-00018-00006389-00006563 thing that could come out of it you'll
84XPIQ0KhU8-00019-00006564-00006962 be out of here 20 minutes early so don't
84XPIQ0KhU8-00020-00006963-00007228 kill me
84XPIQ0KhU8-00021-00007229-00007553 before we start with the talk I would
84XPIQ0KhU8-00022-00007554-00007909 like to clarify a couple of things talk
84XPIQ0KhU8-00023-00007911-00008195 about the elephant in the room so this
84XPIQ0KhU8-00024-00008196-00008444 means I'm going to tell you what I'm not
84XPIQ0KhU8-00025-00008445-00008906 I'm not here to talk about I am NOT here
84XPIQ0KhU8-00026-00008907-00009173 to try and convince you that you should
84XPIQ0KhU8-00027-00009174-00009574 try to implement code style consistency
84XPIQ0KhU8-00028-00009575-00009926 throughout your entire code base so
84XPIQ0KhU8-00029-00009927-00010114 you're wondering what am I here to talk
84XPIQ0KhU8-00030-00010115-00010453 about I will tell you what the history
84XPIQ0KhU8-00031-00010454-00010724 of trying to tackle this problem at
84XPIQ0KhU8-00032-00010725-00011108 Shopify sounds like and we'll look at
84XPIQ0KhU8-00033-00011109-00011345 things that worked things that didn't
84XPIQ0KhU8-00034-00011346-00011666 work some tools that we're using and in
84XPIQ0KhU8-00035-00011667-00011867 case you do want to tackle that problem
84XPIQ0KhU8-00036-00011868-00012220 in your own code base that you can
84XPIQ0KhU8-00037-00012221-00012549 foresee issues before they even come up
84XPIQ0KhU8-00038-00012550-00012869 so let's go back to the beginning if you
84XPIQ0KhU8-00039-00012869-00013049 have seen the talks from my colleague
84XPIQ0KhU8-00040-00013050-00013358 Simon and Raphael you probably are
84XPIQ0KhU8-00041-00013359-00013660 you know a bit about where it all began
84XPIQ0KhU8-00042-00013661-00013940 while doing the research for this talk I
84XPIQ0KhU8-00043-00013941-00014230 came around our first commit ever in
84XPIQ0KhU8-00044-00014231-00014480 github and I took a screenshot so you
84XPIQ0KhU8-00045-00014481-00014869 can see it too it was made by our CEO
84XPIQ0KhU8-00046-00014870-00015332 and Founder toby it dated 2005 but then
84XPIQ0KhU8-00047-00015333-00015541 I found out that they commit actually
84XPIQ0KhU8-00048-00015543-00015808 our code base already existed before
84XPIQ0KhU8-00049-00015809-00016124 that it started in 2004 but it was in
84XPIQ0KhU8-00050-00016125-00016600 SVN and not in not using get over this
84XPIQ0KhU8-00051-00016601-00016969 13 years of our code base we can notice
84XPIQ0KhU8-00052-00016970-00017291 two things that are really important we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00053-00017292-00017728 have a lot of lines of code here
84XPIQ0KhU8-00054-00017729-00018019 you can see this table that explains how
84XPIQ0KhU8-00055-00018020-00018344 many lines we have so I'll have a look
84XPIQ0KhU8-00056-00018345-00018625 at it let it sink in because it's a lot
84XPIQ0KhU8-00057-00018626-00019075 of code the most important thing for us
84XPIQ0KhU8-00058-00019076-00019519 for this talk today is to understand how
84XPIQ0KhU8-00059-00019520-00019724 many lines of Ruby code we have because
84XPIQ0KhU8-00060-00019725-00019831 we're going to be talking about
84XPIQ0KhU8-00061-00019832-00020128 specifically about Ruby our Ruby code
84XPIQ0KhU8-00062-00020129-00020744 code style we have over 700,000 Ruby
84XPIQ0KhU8-00063-00020745-00021055 lines of code today also we have a lot
84XPIQ0KhU8-00064-00021056-00021317 of developers our developer team today
84XPIQ0KhU8-00065-00021318-00021730 has about has over 400 developers rails
84XPIQ0KhU8-00066-00021731-00022072 developers working mainly in our shops I
84XPIQ0KhU8-00067-00022073-00022499 in our core code base this is our what
84XPIQ0KhU8-00068-00022500-00022943 our repple looks like after 12 years we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00069-00022944-00023258 have we had contribution for over 700
84XPIQ0KhU8-00070-00023259-00023546 people from different departments from
84XPIQ0KhU8-00071-00023547-00023927 developers to content to content writers
84XPIQ0KhU8-00072-00023928-00024392 for example and we're growing so if you
84XPIQ0KhU8-00073-00024393-00024569 are interested in hearing more about
84XPIQ0KhU8-00074-00024570-00025036 that runs are both of Shopify later on
84XPIQ0KhU8-00075-00025037-00025465 back to the talk what does this mean for
84XPIQ0KhU8-00076-00025466-00025730 code style consistency you've probably
84XPIQ0KhU8-00077-00025731-00026012 already heard that Shopify is one of and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00078-00026013-00026314 it's not the biggest Ruby on Rails shop
84XPIQ0KhU8-00079-00026315-00026687 in the world so this means we have we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00080-00026688-00026714 come
84XPIQ0KhU8-00081-00026714-00026876 across some pretty unique problems in
84XPIQ0KhU8-00082-00026877-00027104 our day-to-day and we have to come up
84XPIQ0KhU8-00083-00027105-00027471 with pretty creative solutions as well
84XPIQ0KhU8-00084-00027472-00027818 keeping 700 line 700 thousand lines of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00085-00027819-00028085 code consistent have been a pretty wild
84XPIQ0KhU8-00086-00028086-00028505 job but why is that the first question
84XPIQ0KhU8-00087-00028506-00028787 that we had to ask ourselves over these
84XPIQ0KhU8-00088-00028788-00029083 years is do we want to do this do we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00089-00029085-00029427 want to make our code base consistent
84XPIQ0KhU8-00090-00029428-00029770 imposing a single code style actually
84XPIQ0KhU8-00091-00029772-00030095 goes kind of against what Ruby the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00092-00030095-00030431 intention of the Ruby language is right
84XPIQ0KhU8-00093-00030432-00030857 I came across this interview from math
84XPIQ0KhU8-00094-00030858-00031118 that was done with math and this is what
84XPIQ0KhU8-00095-00031119-00031306 him is the designer of the Ruby language
84XPIQ0KhU8-00096-00031307-00031568 intended for it it is supposed to be a
84XPIQ0KhU8-00097-00031569-00031843 fun language to work with one that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00098-00031844-00032189 allows the user to choose what works
84XPIQ0KhU8-00099-00032189-00032435 best for them and not like other
84XPIQ0KhU8-00100-00032436-00032668 languages that have only one way to do
84XPIQ0KhU8-00101-00032669-00032936 things it's supposed to bring creativity
84XPIQ0KhU8-00102-00032937-00033170 and for you to choose whatever works
84XPIQ0KhU8-00103-00033171-00033277 best for you
84XPIQ0KhU8-00104-00033278-00033658 at the same time ruby has changed and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00105-00033659-00033932 evolved so much over those last few
84XPIQ0KhU8-00106-00033933-00034271 years sometimes some Styles no longer
84XPIQ0KhU8-00107-00034272-00034523 work and some I just not use anymore
84XPIQ0KhU8-00108-00034524-00034915 I'll show you one example this this
84XPIQ0KhU8-00109-00034916-00035255 shows you the updated hash rocket sync
84XPIQ0KhU8-00110-00035256-00035608 syntax it has been mostly replaced by
84XPIQ0KhU8-00111-00035609-00035999 the newest hash syntax both work one is
84XPIQ0KhU8-00112-00036000-00036412 newer one is older this brings me to my
84XPIQ0KhU8-00113-00036413-00036652 next point which is Shopify was never
84XPIQ0KhU8-00114-00036653-00036958 rewritten in those last 13 years
84XPIQ0KhU8-00115-00036959-00037418 so this lines in this lies an issue that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00116-00037419-00037696 all these outdated styles are still
84XPIQ0KhU8-00117-00037697-00038276 there right at best we have some old
84XPIQ0KhU8-00118-00038277-00038549 fashioned code and at worst it's very
84XPIQ0KhU8-00119-00038550-00038936 inconsistent so let's dive into some
84XPIQ0KhU8-00120-00038937-00039377 history here like I mentioned before our
84XPIQ0KhU8-00121-00039378-00039767 code base was born in 2004 it was a new
84XPIQ0KhU8-00122-00039768-00040043 F using a new framework it only had a
84XPIQ0KhU8-00123-00040044-00040087 few
84XPIQ0KhU8-00124-00040088-00040369 two people working on it at this point
84XPIQ0KhU8-00125-00040370-00040615 no one was really worried what does the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00126-00040616-00040861 cold style and whether it was consistent
84XPIQ0KhU8-00127-00040862-00041122 in weather was the code base was
84XPIQ0KhU8-00128-00041123-00041470 consistent 2,000 times came about
84XPIQ0KhU8-00129-00041471-00041695 Shopify started using it and everyone
84XPIQ0KhU8-00130-00041696-00041881 was working hard to make the app grow
84XPIQ0KhU8-00131-00041882-00042322 and to add more features 2006 came about
84XPIQ0KhU8-00132-00042323-00042730 dance 2007 okay I'm not going to do this
84XPIQ0KhU8-00133-00042731-00042994 for 40 minutes I guess you get the point
84XPIQ0KhU8-00134-00042995-00043411 by now let's jump ship 2012 we had a lot
84XPIQ0KhU8-00135-00043412-00043774 more developers our our code base er was
84XPIQ0KhU8-00136-00043775-00043840 much bigger
84XPIQ0KhU8-00137-00043841-00044314 it was aging so Toby our CEO created a
84XPIQ0KhU8-00138-00044315-00044632 draft style for the Ruby language in our
84XPIQ0KhU8-00139-00044633-00044938 code base he had only a half-dozen rules
84XPIQ0KhU8-00140-00044939-00045436 and it was just service just a guide for
84XPIQ0KhU8-00141-00045437-00045631 our developers in case they were
84XPIQ0KhU8-00142-00045632-00045904 wondering like what should I write this
84XPIQ0KhU8-00143-00045905-00046105 as what are the white spaces that I'm
84XPIQ0KhU8-00144-00046106-00046354 supposed to use so they could always
84XPIQ0KhU8-00145-00046355-00046834 refer back to that things got busy not a
84XPIQ0KhU8-00146-00046835-00047089 lot of it not a lot of attention was put
84XPIQ0KhU8-00147-00047090-00047170 to that issue
84XPIQ0KhU8-00148-00047171-00047530 so this code style conversation was put
84XPIQ0KhU8-00149-00047531-00047938 aside once more it was brought back up
84XPIQ0KhU8-00150-00047939-00048361 in September 2014 when we introduced the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00151-00048362-00048607 RoboCup gem to our code base to deal
84XPIQ0KhU8-00152-00048608-00048856 with very basic code style rules such as
84XPIQ0KhU8-00153-00048857-00049270 white spaces if you'd only had no
84XPIQ0KhU8-00154-00049271-00049606 robocop its aged ruby gem it's open
84XPIQ0KhU8-00155-00049607-00049807 source and in that analyzer they're
84XPIQ0KhU8-00156-00049808-00050113 called statically and serves as a linter
84XPIQ0KhU8-00157-00050114-00050410 to follow many of the code style rules
84XPIQ0KhU8-00158-00050411-00050707 that were made by the community for the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00159-00050708-00051099 Ruby community the intention was great
84XPIQ0KhU8-00160-00051100-00051454 but we already had a very quick one
84XPIQ0KhU8-00161-00051454-00051973 second my thing doesn't work I don't
84XPIQ0KhU8-00162-00051974-00052104 know how to make it work it was a kiss
84XPIQ0KhU8-00163-00052105-00052473 me meme of this thing blowing up
84XPIQ0KhU8-00164-00052474-00052779 we had already a big codebase it was ten
84XPIQ0KhU8-00165-00052780-00052992 years old that had never been limited so
84XPIQ0KhU8-00166-00052994-00053136 we had many violations
84XPIQ0KhU8-00167-00053137-00053387 obviously this exploded Ruby
84XPIQ0KhU8-00168-00053388-00053766 because if there was just too many
84XPIQ0KhU8-00169-00053766-00053928 things that needed to be fixed at the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00170-00053929-00054228 same time so many of those cops were
84XPIQ0KhU8-00171-00054229-00054632 were disabled and we couldn't possibly
84XPIQ0KhU8-00172-00054633-00055079 fix all of the violations then however
84XPIQ0KhU8-00173-00055080-00055478 worth it doesn't want to work so instead
84XPIQ0KhU8-00174-00055479-00055640 of running Robocop through the entire
84XPIQ0KhU8-00175-00055641-00055844 code base we needed to find another
84XPIQ0KhU8-00176-00055845-00056042 solution so that we could stop the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00177-00056043-00056405 bleeding temporarily and something that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00178-00056406-00056594 would look instead of going through the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00179-00056595-00056654 whole thing
84XPIQ0KhU8-00180-00056655-00057047 it would look only through lines of code
84XPIQ0KhU8-00181-00057048-00057331 that we're being changed or newly added
84XPIQ0KhU8-00182-00057332-00057878 so our police show Jam was came to life
84XPIQ0KhU8-00183-00057879-00058151 police show or if you're a Brazilian it
84XPIQ0KhU8-00184-00058152-00058361 will call it policia because that's what
84XPIQ0KhU8-00185-00058362-00058643 the name is supposed to be it's a rap
84XPIQ0KhU8-00186-00058644-00058901 it's a rapper built around hope Robocop
84XPIQ0KhU8-00187-00058902-00059300 that only runs on PRS so no commits and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00188-00059301-00059641 no no not the master branch and it
84XPIQ0KhU8-00189-00059642-00059934 accuses called code style violations in
84XPIQ0KhU8-00190-00059935-00060203 code that was added or changed it was
84XPIQ0KhU8-00191-00060204-00060392 inspired in the Hound tool made by
84XPIQ0KhU8-00192-00060393-00060644 thoughtbot but it was actually adapted
84XPIQ0KhU8-00193-00060645-00060887 to what Shopify's needs and constraints
84XPIQ0KhU8-00194-00060888-00061141 were back then
84XPIQ0KhU8-00195-00061142-00061553 policia used you will listen to events
84XPIQ0KhU8-00196-00061554-00061740 using github webhook
84XPIQ0KhU8-00197-00061741-00062003 and whenever a PR was created by any one
84XPIQ0KhU8-00198-00062004-00062231 of our check out team it would comment
84XPIQ0KhU8-00199-00062232-00062504 on the PR with any code style violations
84XPIQ0KhU8-00200-00062505-00062855 that they had introduced the team was
84XPIQ0KhU8-00201-00062856-00062954 not very impressed
84XPIQ0KhU8-00202-00062955-00063248 the total very noisy any data a lot of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00203-00063249-00063506 comments in the PR which is by far the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00204-00063507-00063701 worst common complaint that I've heard
84XPIQ0KhU8-00205-00063702-00063950 while I was asking people about that oh
84XPIQ0KhU8-00206-00063951-00064373 it actually does work despite they noise
84XPIQ0KhU8-00207-00064374-00064637 they continued using it but that means
84XPIQ0KhU8-00208-00064638-00064847 that we were in for such some some
84XPIQ0KhU8-00209-00064848-00065093 much-needed improvements to the tools
84XPIQ0KhU8-00210-00065094-00065525 that we were using October 2015 was
84XPIQ0KhU8-00211-00065526-00065847 quite an eventful month where chinnu big
84XPIQ0KhU8-00212-00065848-00066110 chain changes came around the first one
84XPIQ0KhU8-00213-00066111-00066347 it was when we were looking for other
84XPIQ0KhU8-00214-00066348-00066534 solutions we thought about using the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00215-00066535-00066753 commit status API in github in
84XPIQ0KhU8-00216-00066754-00066932 that of commenting all over the PR to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00217-00066933-00067260 convey Khan code style violations much
84XPIQ0KhU8-00218-00067261-00067530 like a CI status the palatial status
84XPIQ0KhU8-00219-00067531-00067722 changes depending on whether you found
84XPIQ0KhU8-00220-00067723-00067947 any violations on day PR or not if no
84XPIQ0KhU8-00221-00067948-00068166 violations were found it would be green
84XPIQ0KhU8-00222-00068167-00068268 so that's great
84XPIQ0KhU8-00223-00068269-00068478 you could always merge if your review
84XPIQ0KhU8-00224-00068479-00068831 said so and if you did find some
84XPIQ0KhU8-00225-00068832-00069066 violations however it would turn red and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00226-00069067-00069318 you would you could click in the details
84XPIQ0KhU8-00227-00069319-00069504 button on the side so that you could
84XPIQ0KhU8-00228-00069505-00069816 look at what those violations were this
84XPIQ0KhU8-00229-00069817-00070161 is what our palatial tool looks like so
84XPIQ0KhU8-00230-00070162-00070341 when you click the details button it
84XPIQ0KhU8-00231-00070342-00070662 would take you to this page and you can
84XPIQ0KhU8-00232-00070663-00070925 see all of your style violations the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00233-00070926-00071160 lines where they occur and walk hops and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00234-00071161-00071421 violations are you are you are
84XPIQ0KhU8-00235-00071422-00071811 infringing back then this was an opt-in
84XPIQ0KhU8-00236-00071812-00072135 feature that developers could choose
84XPIQ0KhU8-00237-00072136-00072387 whether they they signed up for it and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00238-00072388-00072591 then had their peers checked by this
84XPIQ0KhU8-00239-00072592-00072972 tool even though the two wasn't
84XPIQ0KhU8-00240-00072973-00073230 extremely perfect we saw a great
84XPIQ0KhU8-00241-00073231-00073497 adoption rate by the beginning of 2016
84XPIQ0KhU8-00242-00073498-00073785 over 50% of our devs had already opted
84XPIQ0KhU8-00243-00073786-00074184 in the second thing that came around at
84XPIQ0KhU8-00244-00074185-00074594 at that time was our Shopify Ruby style
84XPIQ0KhU8-00245-00074595-00074910 guide it came around together with the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00246-00074911-00075105 absolute so our developers could have a
84XPIQ0KhU8-00247-00075106-00075338 better idea of what the code violations
84XPIQ0KhU8-00248-00075339-00075587 were the style violations were and how
84XPIQ0KhU8-00249-00075588-00075849 to fix them what we what was it that we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00250-00075850-00076284 were looking for so this is our style
84XPIQ0KhU8-00251-00076285-00076449 guide today
84XPIQ0KhU8-00252-00076450-00076730 it was meant to set expectations for our
84XPIQ0KhU8-00253-00076731-00076994 Ruby developers not only in terms of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00254-00076995-00077175 code style but also how they're
84XPIQ0KhU8-00255-00077176-00077346 encouraged to take ownership of their
84XPIQ0KhU8-00256-00077347-00077616 own code and decipher themselves where
84XPIQ0KhU8-00257-00077617-00077916 exceptions to those rules can be
84XPIQ0KhU8-00258-00077917-00078096 reasonable and where they are allowed to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00259-00078097-00078453 do it but more important than those
84XPIQ0KhU8-00260-00078454-00078662 expectations the guide offers plenty of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00261-00078663-00078924 examples of what matches our code style
84XPIQ0KhU8-00262-00078925-00079284 and what doesn't so it removes any
84XPIQ0KhU8-00263-00079285-00079463 guessing from when you're developing
84XPIQ0KhU8-00264-00079464-00079700 whether you are writing something
84XPIQ0KhU8-00265-00079701-00080109 correctly or not in mind a few months
84XPIQ0KhU8-00266-00080110-00080439 later in March 2016 we sent out a survey
84XPIQ0KhU8-00267-00080440-00080817 to all our developers at Shopify to find
84XPIQ0KhU8-00268-00080818-00081005 out the good the bad and the ugly about
84XPIQ0KhU8-00269-00081006-00081270 using Polly show in our new style guide
84XPIQ0KhU8-00270-00081271-00081558 that we had implemented so far so some
84XPIQ0KhU8-00271-00081559-00081813 of the questions that we asked were do
84XPIQ0KhU8-00272-00081814-00081987 you believe Polly show has a positive
84XPIQ0KhU8-00273-00081988-00082290 role in our poll requests the majority
84XPIQ0KhU8-00274-00082291-00082635 of our developers said yes they really
84XPIQ0KhU8-00275-00082636-00082827 liked how the tools what the tool was
84XPIQ0KhU8-00276-00082828-00083076 doing they believed in what was what he
84XPIQ0KhU8-00277-00083077-00083346 was trying to achieve and though there
84XPIQ0KhU8-00278-00083347-00083514 is some positive feedback that we got
84XPIQ0KhU8-00279-00083515-00083781 that it said it was much easier to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00280-00083782-00083976 onboard new people now the code was more
84XPIQ0KhU8-00281-00083977-00084210 consistent it said that it allowed code
84XPIQ0KhU8-00282-00084211-00084423 reviews to focus on the code itself
84XPIQ0KhU8-00283-00084424-00084648 rather than on whether it was there were
84XPIQ0KhU8-00284-00084649-00084963 wide spaces in the wrong places it also
84XPIQ0KhU8-00285-00084964-00085380 said mentioned that it may made code
84XPIQ0KhU8-00286-00085381-00085830 more readable some column of negative
84XPIQ0KhU8-00287-00085831-00086097 feedback revolved around how PRS took
84XPIQ0KhU8-00288-00086098-00086493 longer to get done des would make a PR
84XPIQ0KhU8-00289-00086494-00086712 and then they would push their code to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00290-00086713-00087000 github and then they would have to fix
84XPIQ0KhU8-00291-00087001-00087228 all of the violations and then they
84XPIQ0KhU8-00292-00087229-00087495 would have to get feedback from their
84XPIQ0KhU8-00293-00087496-00087743 reviews and implement those as well so
84XPIQ0KhU8-00294-00087744-00088143 they they were not super happy about
84XPIQ0KhU8-00295-00088144-00088332 that because it increased a lot their
84XPIQ0KhU8-00296-00088333-00088499 work
84XPIQ0KhU8-00297-00088500-00088743 sums the other comment that we got is
84XPIQ0KhU8-00298-00088744-00089022 that sometimes those changes made file
84XPIQ0KhU8-00299-00089023-00089277 less consistent so we reduce readability
84XPIQ0KhU8-00300-00089278-00089484 I'll show you an example of one of those
84XPIQ0KhU8-00301-00089485-00089832 cases here if we go back to the hash
84XPIQ0KhU8-00302-00089833-00090462 rocket example line two is old code line
84XPIQ0KhU8-00303-00090463-00090681 three is something that got newly added
84XPIQ0KhU8-00304-00090682-00090978 so we have in the same file like very
84XPIQ0KhU8-00305-00090979-00091152 close to each other we have something
84XPIQ0KhU8-00306-00091153-00091380 that is in our old code style and now
84XPIQ0KhU8-00307-00091381-00091614 something that is new code style that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00308-00091615-00091842 makes it very confusing especially for
84XPIQ0KhU8-00309-00091843-00092061 new developers who are starting to learn
84XPIQ0KhU8-00310-00092062-00092250 rails and Ruby
84XPIQ0KhU8-00311-00092251-00092601 it's then we get questions of with the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00312-00092602-00092850 performance there is there a performance
84XPIQ0KhU8-00313-00092851-00093003 difference among those two can I use
84XPIQ0KhU8-00314-00093004-00093423 both do both work so it wasn't it wasn't
84XPIQ0KhU8-00315-00093424-00093737 ideal
84XPIQ0KhU8-00316-00093738-00093981 the next question that we asked was did
84XPIQ0KhU8-00317-00093982-00094197 you learn something valuable with
84XPIQ0KhU8-00318-00094198-00094569 policial and again most people said yes
84XPIQ0KhU8-00319-00094570-00094841 some of the things that they learn is
84XPIQ0KhU8-00320-00094842-00095082 syntax improvements things they didn't
84XPIQ0KhU8-00321-00095083-00095403 know style best practices in the Ruby
84XPIQ0KhU8-00322-00095404-00095691 community and it was now easier for them
84XPIQ0KhU8-00323-00095692-00095988 to write code coming from nunn from nunn
84XPIQ0KhU8-00324-00095989-00096426 ruby backgrounds some perfect back that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00325-00096427-00096600 we got some negative feedback that we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00326-00096601-00096873 got was that ruby is not new for me so I
84XPIQ0KhU8-00327-00096874-00097077 know all the stuff already and I can
84XPIQ0KhU8-00328-00097078-00097233 make those decisions for myself I don't
84XPIQ0KhU8-00329-00097234-00097473 need this tool making me decide helping
84XPIQ0KhU8-00330-00097474-00097626 me decide this
84XPIQ0KhU8-00331-00097627-00097824 it also doesn't provide much insight
84XPIQ0KhU8-00332-00097825-00098043 into why the rules exist and how they
84XPIQ0KhU8-00333-00098044-00098412 improve our code base next question was
84XPIQ0KhU8-00334-00098413-00098705 does policial make your life easier
84XPIQ0KhU8-00335-00098706-00099207 again most people said yes and because
84XPIQ0KhU8-00336-00099208-00099474 you he was making the code base more
84XPIQ0KhU8-00337-00099475-00099636 predictable so they could better
84XPIQ0KhU8-00338-00099637-00099890 understand it and you would help
84XPIQ0KhU8-00339-00099891-00100095 developers and not have to worry about
84XPIQ0KhU8-00340-00100096-00100335 whether did putting the white space in
84XPIQ0KhU8-00341-00100336-00100809 this liner in that line because he would
84XPIQ0KhU8-00342-00100810-00101295 tell them when it was wrong some people
84XPIQ0KhU8-00343-00101296-00101472 who didn't like it or who said that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00344-00101473-00101544 there were things that they could
84XPIQ0KhU8-00345-00101545-00101883 improve said that they usually had to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00346-00101884-00102096 spend more time in their code so they
84XPIQ0KhU8-00347-00102097-00102378 could fix those things the rules of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00348-00102379-00102536 violations were not always super clear
84XPIQ0KhU8-00349-00102538-00102777 and there were it was annoying the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00350-00102778-00103053 different projects didn't use Felicio
84XPIQ0KhU8-00351-00103054-00103350 and as such they would not have the same
84XPIQ0KhU8-00352-00103351-00103776 code style so one of the cool one of the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00353-00103777-00104028 very cool of feedback that we got is
84XPIQ0KhU8-00354-00104029-00104205 that we should please show all the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00355-00104206-00104979 projects in Shopify and we knew at this
84XPIQ0KhU8-00356-00104980-00105213 point that these were not just opinions
84XPIQ0KhU8-00357-00105214-00105600 they were not he said she said kind of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00358-00105601-00105858 opinions they were saying that real
84XPIQ0KhU8-00359-00105858-00106116 developers who really use the tools were
84XPIQ0KhU8-00360-00106117-00106500 saying so that we can in one way see
84XPIQ0KhU8-00361-00106501-00106776 what worked and in another in the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00362-00106777-00106934 other side we could see what didn't work
84XPIQ0KhU8-00363-00106935-00107157 so what could we do to improve those
84XPIQ0KhU8-00364-00107158-00107633 tools with such a great response we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00365-00107634-00107844 decided let's polish show all the peers
84XPIQ0KhU8-00366-00107845-00108213 then we went ahead we activated palatial
84XPIQ0KhU8-00367-00108214-00108434 for all per requests that were being
84XPIQ0KhU8-00368-00108435-00108708 opened in the Shopify codebase other
84XPIQ0KhU8-00369-00108708-00108957 apps could also we also allowed other
84XPIQ0KhU8-00370-00108958-00109170 apps to sign up for the service and they
84XPIQ0KhU8-00371-00109171-00109460 could just include that in their own
84XPIQ0KhU8-00372-00109461-00109998 project an important note here is that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00373-00109999-00110247 given the not-so-perfect nature of the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00374-00110248-00110429 tools that were being used at the time
84XPIQ0KhU8-00375-00110430-00110673 politia was set up so that you wouldn't
84XPIQ0KhU8-00376-00110674-00111168 fail when you wouldn't fail a build when
84XPIQ0KhU8-00377-00111169-00111420 a PAPR when they were called violations
84XPIQ0KhU8-00378-00111421-00111758 to a PR this isn't great because in one
84XPIQ0KhU8-00379-00111759-00112023 way people could just merge PRS even
84XPIQ0KhU8-00380-00112024-00112221 though there were violations but in
84XPIQ0KhU8-00381-00112222-00112508 another way we could see as a positive
84XPIQ0KhU8-00382-00112509-00112821 thing because there if there were any
84XPIQ0KhU8-00383-00112822-00112995 emergencies that happen that we needed
84XPIQ0KhU8-00384-00112996-00113199 to merge PR very fast we could choose to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00385-00113200-00113349 merge them even though there were
84XPIQ0KhU8-00386-00113350-00113810 violations our tools were started to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00387-00113811-00114039 improve a little bit so when people were
84XPIQ0KhU8-00388-00114040-00114207 getting acquainted with Felicio and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00389-00114208-00114536 Robocop so we took the effort some steps
84XPIQ0KhU8-00390-00114538-00114945 further first we included Robocop to run
84XPIQ0KhU8-00391-00114946-00115374 in our CI so it was only in one
84XPIQ0KhU8-00392-00115375-00115599 component so in most of our check out
84XPIQ0KhU8-00393-00115600-00116111 files Robocop we ran through it fix all
84XPIQ0KhU8-00394-00116113-00116370 the violations and then from then on
84XPIQ0KhU8-00395-00116371-00116679 your build would actually fail if you if
84XPIQ0KhU8-00396-00116680-00117027 you add a new violation the second thing
84XPIQ0KhU8-00397-00117028-00117342 is that we decided she is tool the tools
84XPIQ0KhU8-00398-00117343-00117591 that we had to improve other parts of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00399-00117592-00117986 our development back then our rails team
84XPIQ0KhU8-00400-00117988-00118455 was upgrading rails to rails 5.0 and one
84XPIQ0KhU8-00401-00118456-00118634 of the issues they were having is that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00402-00118635-00118910 people were adding as we deleted some
84XPIQ0KhU8-00403-00118911-00119133 deprecation if you were adding new ones
84XPIQ0KhU8-00404-00119133-00119505 and that were not exactly related to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00405-00119506-00119885 code style so we added some custom cops
84XPIQ0KhU8-00406-00119886-00120042 to prevent people to add those
84XPIQ0KhU8-00407-00120043-00120180 notifications
84XPIQ0KhU8-00408-00120181-00120405 here you can see an example of one of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00409-00120406-00121002 them this this one checks if behaviors
84XPIQ0KhU8-00410-00121003-00121261 were being added directly to framework
84XPIQ0KhU8-00411-00121263-00121583 classes but instead you issue they
84XPIQ0KhU8-00412-00121584-00121881 should be actually using the unload hook
84XPIQ0KhU8-00413-00121882-00122148 provided by the rails framework this cop
84XPIQ0KhU8-00414-00122149-00122346 was also correctable so it was super
84XPIQ0KhU8-00415-00122347-00122646 useful you could just run the rubric up
84XPIQ0KhU8-00416-00122647-00122847 - a and you would fix all of those for
84XPIQ0KhU8-00417-00122848-00123068 you
84XPIQ0KhU8-00418-00123069-00123369 with the success we saw in the checkout
84XPIQ0KhU8-00419-00123370-00123639 team we were we were ready to roll it
84XPIQ0KhU8-00420-00123640-00123870 out to the entire code base running all
84XPIQ0KhU8-00421-00123871-00124092 of robocop through everything getting
84XPIQ0KhU8-00422-00124093-00124239 rid of all the violations that we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00423-00124240-00124575 currently had we had the perfect plan it
84XPIQ0KhU8-00424-00124576-00124735 was amazing
84XPIQ0KhU8-00425-00124736-00125094 step one we would run to all the outer
84XPIQ0KhU8-00426-00125095-00125309 correctable cops through the entire code
84XPIQ0KhU8-00427-00125310-00125741 base we did it it was awesome
84XPIQ0KhU8-00428-00125742-00126144 step two we would decide on what was the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00429-00126145-00126405 best time to merge those PRS so we were
84XPIQ0KhU8-00430-00126406-00126720 looking for a development down time to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00431-00126721-00127020 make this very to minimize conflict
84XPIQ0KhU8-00432-00127021-00127323 between our PRS and whatever people were
84XPIQ0KhU8-00433-00127324-00127674 doing at the time so we chose the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00434-00127675-00127835 weekend because it's the time when not
84XPIQ0KhU8-00435-00127836-00128183 many people are working and there's not
84XPIQ0KhU8-00436-00128184-00128508 much going on step number three we would
84XPIQ0KhU8-00437-00128508-00128735 send out an email at the beginning of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00438-00128736-00128970 the week on Monday to all of the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00439-00128971-00129185 developers to let them know this is
84XPIQ0KhU8-00440-00129186-00129381 what's happening to get everybody
84XPIQ0KhU8-00441-00129382-00129657 excited but mostly together people to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00442-00129658-00130014 prepare and if they had open pull
84XPIQ0KhU8-00443-00130015-00130167 requests that they would try their best
84XPIQ0KhU8-00444-00130168-00130428 to merge them by Friday so that on
84XPIQ0KhU8-00445-00130429-00130545 Monday they didn't have a lot of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00446-00130546-00130784 conflicts on their own PRS and that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00447-00130785-00131142 would have not been so great so we did
84XPIQ0KhU8-00448-00131143-00131427 all that except for the email next
84XPIQ0KhU8-00449-00131428-00131760 weekend came about and we're like yes
84XPIQ0KhU8-00450-00131761-00132075 let's merge them all and have a limited
84XPIQ0KhU8-00451-00132076-00132312 codebase okay just kidding
84XPIQ0KhU8-00452-00132313-00132654 we did not why not it was the perfect
84XPIQ0KhU8-00453-00132655-00132864 plan why didn't we go and follow through
84XPIQ0KhU8-00454-00132865-00133119 with it we came across some very
84XPIQ0KhU8-00455-00133120-00133437 important blockers so it would break our
84XPIQ0KhU8-00456-00133438-00133548 get history
84XPIQ0KhU8-00457-00133549-00133824 well then what does that mean blames
84XPIQ0KhU8-00458-00133825-00134133 would be harder to do now because the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00459-00134134-00134385 code style fix commits would not pollute
84XPIQ0KhU8-00460-00134386-00134639 our history by adding things that were
84XPIQ0KhU8-00461-00134640-00134840 not related to the functionality that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00462-00134841-00135371 that code was trying to to implement in
84XPIQ0KhU8-00463-00135372-00135795 the shopify we have the we have a very
84XPIQ0KhU8-00464-00135796-00135996 important value that talks about
84XPIQ0KhU8-00465-00135997-00136320 ownership that means that wherever code
84XPIQ0KhU8-00466-00136321-00136593 that you touch in our code base you want
84XPIQ0KhU8-00467-00136594-00137112 it now and back then one person was
84XPIQ0KhU8-00468-00137113-00137303 running through all the Robocop's and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00469-00137304-00137472 one person was going to merge them so
84XPIQ0KhU8-00470-00137473-00137738 now they would be responsible for most
84XPIQ0KhU8-00471-00137739-00138057 of our Shopify codebase because and then
84XPIQ0KhU8-00472-00138058-00138324 people get pinged on slack about all of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00473-00138325-00138558 the changes and changes that they might
84XPIQ0KhU8-00474-00138559-00138837 not exactly know that we're completely
84XPIQ0KhU8-00475-00138838-00139308 unrelated to their jobs the last thing
84XPIQ0KhU8-00476-00139309-00139644 we came to a very real understanding of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00477-00139645-00140226 what a week at Shopify it really is back
84XPIQ0KhU8-00478-00140227-00140501 then we were deploying about 30 times a
84XPIQ0KhU8-00479-00140502-00140943 day so a week's time was enough for a
84XPIQ0KhU8-00480-00140944-00141225 massive amount of code to have changed
84XPIQ0KhU8-00481-00141226-00141657 and being newly added so the key is that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00482-00141658-00141912 we had prepared the week before we're
84XPIQ0KhU8-00483-00141913-00142238 actually all updated and conflicting
84XPIQ0KhU8-00484-00142239-00142376 with the new code that we had added
84XPIQ0KhU8-00485-00142377-00142707 during this week we were really not
84XPIQ0KhU8-00486-00142708-00142950 ready for this so we went ahead and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00487-00142951-00143262 closed up all those PRS and the issue
84XPIQ0KhU8-00488-00143263-00143677 that we were using to track those and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00489-00143678-00143919 because our problems were all still
84XPIQ0KhU8-00490-00143920-00144237 there so we could we were really not
84XPIQ0KhU8-00491-00144238-00144368 ready for this
84XPIQ0KhU8-00492-00144369-00144636 Felicia was working the code was
84XPIQ0KhU8-00493-00144637-00144873 incremental e becoming more consistent
84XPIQ0KhU8-00494-00144874-00145202 but by no means were the tools that we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00495-00145203-00145434 were using making developers life easier
84XPIQ0KhU8-00496-00145435-00145763 some of the issues were like in the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00497-00145764-00146160 feedback form that we have received we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00498-00146161-00146462 some of those things came up right so
84XPIQ0KhU8-00499-00146463-00146781 converse controversial roofs we realized
84XPIQ0KhU8-00500-00146782-00146940 that we were enforced
84XPIQ0KhU8-00501-00146941-00147225 rules that were either unclear or they
84XPIQ0KhU8-00502-00147226-00147506 didn't seem beneficial for our code base
84XPIQ0KhU8-00503-00147507-00147894 all cops for from Robocop were enabled
84XPIQ0KhU8-00504-00147895-00148119 by default and we were just removing the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00505-00148120-00148485 ones that we actually didn't want rails
84XPIQ0KhU8-00506-00148486-00148620 changed something
84XPIQ0KhU8-00507-00148621-00148923 in June last year to actually not do
84XPIQ0KhU8-00508-00148924-00149208 that into the opposite thing to minimize
84XPIQ0KhU8-00509-00149209-00149487 our our the frustration among our devs
84XPIQ0KhU8-00510-00149488-00149769 we instead follow rails steps and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00511-00149770-00150030 instead of enabling all cops by default
84XPIQ0KhU8-00512-00150031-00150279 and removing the ones we didn't want we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00513-00150280-00150504 would start with zero and only add the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00514-00150505-00150735 ones that we actually wanted because
84XPIQ0KhU8-00515-00150736-00151268 that's more Ruby Ruby like I would say
84XPIQ0KhU8-00516-00151269-00151557 this new strategy actually allowed us to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00517-00151558-00151851 discuss whether we should use we should
84XPIQ0KhU8-00518-00151852-00152135 add new a new cop when it surfaced and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00519-00152136-00152544 and to stop discussing things that were
84XPIQ0KhU8-00520-00152545-00152979 not exactly useful for our code base and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00521-00152980-00153341 so getting out getting those cops out in
84XPIQ0KhU8-00522-00153342-00153591 January this year did have an editor
84XPIQ0KhU8-00523-00153592-00153750 named future that allows you to easily
84XPIQ0KhU8-00524-00153751-00154083 look at the history of a single line and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00525-00154084-00154272 that came to be a very important feature
84XPIQ0KhU8-00526-00154273-00154494 that led us to our next try so if you
84XPIQ0KhU8-00527-00154495-00154641 don't know this feature that's what it
84XPIQ0KhU8-00528-00154642-00154899 does you can click on the little button
84XPIQ0KhU8-00529-00154900-00155292 and you will allow you to see to go back
84XPIQ0KhU8-00530-00155293-00155901 on other commits so we a few months had
84XPIQ0KhU8-00531-00155902-00156177 passed and in a new strategy for cops
84XPIQ0KhU8-00532-00156178-00156498 worked quite well our dads were more
84XPIQ0KhU8-00533-00156499-00156678 receptive today day of having a cold
84XPIQ0KhU8-00534-00156679-00157116 style guide and and they were confident
84XPIQ0KhU8-00535-00157117-00157320 that while the journey wasn't great so
84XPIQ0KhU8-00536-00157321-00157635 far we were aiming to improve it so that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00537-00157636-00158028 life would be easier the journey wasn't
84XPIQ0KhU8-00538-00158029-00158214 all rainbows and butterflies we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00539-00158215-00158517 appreciate that so but we were really
84XPIQ0KhU8-00540-00158518-00158814 getting to a better place so we were we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00541-00158815-00158976 decided we were ready to try it again
84XPIQ0KhU8-00542-00158977-00159267 and use the Robocop's autocorrect
84XPIQ0KhU8-00543-00159268-00159582 feature to fix all of our develop
84XPIQ0KhU8-00544-00159583-00159846 violations to our entire code base but
84XPIQ0KhU8-00545-00159847-00160059 this time we were using a bot so nobody
84XPIQ0KhU8-00546-00160060-00160326 would get bothered in select anymore
84XPIQ0KhU8-00547-00160327-00160641 this is what our butt looks like when
84XPIQ0KhU8-00548-00160642-00161232 you was merging those and for the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00549-00161233-00161361 violations that we were already
84XPIQ0KhU8-00550-00161362-00161667 correcting like if I'm in the screenshot
84XPIQ0KhU8-00551-00161668-00162090 before we were running that we added the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00552-00162091-00162312 autocorrect feature to our internal
84XPIQ0KhU8-00553-00162313-00162549 development tool so that people instead
84XPIQ0KhU8-00554-00162550-00162852 of pushing PRS and waiting for those for
84XPIQ0KhU8-00555-00162853-00163068 it to accuse for new violations they
84XPIQ0KhU8-00556-00163069-00163269 could actually use our internal tool to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00557-00163270-00163491 fix those before they even push their
84XPIQ0KhU8-00558-00163492-00164028 code also we added those as soon as we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00559-00164029-00164250 merge those PS with fixing all of those
84XPIQ0KhU8-00560-00164251-00164481 violations we now added those cops to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00561-00164482-00164823 our API so our test suit would fail
84XPIQ0KhU8-00562-00164824-00165306 whenever new violations were added this
84XPIQ0KhU8-00563-00165307-00165609 is the issue that we were using to keep
84XPIQ0KhU8-00564-00165610-00165822 track of all the cops that we had
84XPIQ0KhU8-00565-00165823-00166209 already used to the entire code base but
84XPIQ0KhU8-00566-00166210-00166374 of course not everything is perfect
84XPIQ0KhU8-00567-00166375-00166683 right so we had a massive issue one of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00568-00166684-00166926 the biggest issues that we found was
84XPIQ0KhU8-00569-00166927-00167157 when we were adding those capture to our
84XPIQ0KhU8-00570-00167158-00167538 test suit linking the entire code base
84XPIQ0KhU8-00571-00167539-00167709 was taking a lot more time than our
84XPIQ0KhU8-00572-00167710-00167988 slowest test that wasn't great
84XPIQ0KhU8-00573-00167989-00168213 developers were not going to be happy
84XPIQ0KhU8-00574-00168214-00168558 about this we knew it already so we we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00575-00168559-00168813 try to find several ways to fix that and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00576-00168814-00169059 temporarily what we found is that we had
84XPIQ0KhU8-00577-00169060-00169353 some giant files and migration files and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00578-00169354-00169626 so we just excluded those from the files
84XPIQ0KhU8-00579-00169627-00169920 to be Linton and that helped a lot the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00580-00169921-00170157 time that you would take to lindo the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00581-00170158-00170493 entire code base it's by no means a
84XPIQ0KhU8-00582-00170494-00170967 long-term solution though in April 2007
84XPIQ0KhU8-00583-00170968-00171450 this month we have great responses from
84XPIQ0KhU8-00584-00171451-00171669 that so some of our components in our
84XPIQ0KhU8-00585-00171670-00171930 code base like check out customers and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00586-00171931-00172170 gift guides had been completely Linton
84XPIQ0KhU8-00587-00172171-00172383 and are now being fully checked at Build
84XPIQ0KhU8-00588-00172384-00172701 time so I want to send some love here to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00589-00172702-00173016 our teams who actually took on in push
84XPIQ0KhU8-00590-00173017-00173274 through the hard times and use those
84XPIQ0KhU8-00591-00173275-00173481 tools and gave us very impressive
84XPIQ0KhU8-00592-00173482-00173663 feedback on how can we improve
84XPIQ0KhU8-00593-00173664-00173828 and what they didn't like and what they
84XPIQ0KhU8-00594-00173829-00174176 did like so we're going to talk quickly
84XPIQ0KhU8-00595-00174177-00174380 about where we are today and where we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00596-00174381-00174785 need to get to so today like I mentioned
84XPIQ0KhU8-00597-00174786-00175073 we had we have some cops that will run
84XPIQ0KhU8-00598-00175074-00175247 with police show and some cops that are
84XPIQ0KhU8-00599-00175248-00175451 running at Build time so we have two
84XPIQ0KhU8-00600-00175452-00175790 Robocop EML files today so that's not
84XPIQ0KhU8-00601-00175791-00176204 ideal and we in the future we want to go
84XPIQ0KhU8-00602-00176205-00176501 back to having just one so fixing all
84XPIQ0KhU8-00603-00176502-00176699 the violations that we have today moving
84XPIQ0KhU8-00604-00176700-00176924 those cops into our test suits and then
84XPIQ0KhU8-00605-00176925-00177506 having them run only once something else
84XPIQ0KhU8-00606-00177507-00177689 developers were really not happy about
84XPIQ0KhU8-00607-00177690-00177959 is that pushing their code they had to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00608-00177960-00178211 wait for the whole thing to run so that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00609-00178212-00178385 they would see how many violations there
84XPIQ0KhU8-00610-00178386-00178762 were and so on we want to have
84XPIQ0KhU8-00611-00178763-00179081 autocorrect enabled by default so
84XPIQ0KhU8-00612-00179082-00179324 instead of failing your build it would
84XPIQ0KhU8-00613-00179325-00179579 actually whenever you push your PR you
84XPIQ0KhU8-00614-00179580-00179768 will run through your entire code base
84XPIQ0KhU8-00615-00179769-00180098 you will make a commit that fixes all of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00616-00180099-00180473 your violations into your open PR and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00617-00180474-00180734 then you would run through the test so
84XPIQ0KhU8-00618-00180735-00180926 then we wouldn't have to worry about it
84XPIQ0KhU8-00619-00180927-00181127 at all
84XPIQ0KhU8-00620-00181128-00181340 like I mentioned some minutes ago we had
84XPIQ0KhU8-00621-00181341-00181547 issues with our Ruby linters taking too
84XPIQ0KhU8-00622-00181548-00181664 long
84XPIQ0KhU8-00623-00181665-00182108 so fixing this isn't going to be easy we
84XPIQ0KhU8-00624-00182109-00182336 have a solution right now but it's not
84XPIQ0KhU8-00625-00182337-00182642 ideal and we'll have to improve so we'll
84XPIQ0KhU8-00626-00182643-00183014 have to use caching to be able to fix a
84XPIQ0KhU8-00627-00183015-00183209 problem in the long term especially as
84XPIQ0KhU8-00628-00183210-00183569 we add more code to our code base a lot
84XPIQ0KhU8-00629-00183570-00183779 of the issues we encounter I knew and
84XPIQ0KhU8-00630-00183780-00184079 while we tackle them is also important
84XPIQ0KhU8-00631-00184080-00184370 for us to push them upstream so that the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00632-00184371-00184565 community can also benefit from those
84XPIQ0KhU8-00633-00184566-00184898 improved tools and one important thing
84XPIQ0KhU8-00634-00184899-00185054 is that we want to continue improving
84XPIQ0KhU8-00635-00185055-00185303 our style guide because it gives more
84XPIQ0KhU8-00636-00185304-00185573 context and clarity behind why a cop
84XPIQ0KhU8-00637-00185574-00185909 exists why how does it benefit our code
84XPIQ0KhU8-00638-00185910-00186160 base and readability and all of other
84XPIQ0KhU8-00639-00186161-00186446 positive things that come out of having
84XPIQ0KhU8-00640-00186447-00187031 one very consistent file so
84XPIQ0KhU8-00641-00187032-00187266 let's talk about some final takeaways
84XPIQ0KhU8-00642-00187267-00187715 that we took from this 13 year journey
84XPIQ0KhU8-00643-00187716-00188004 the most important thing and this is the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00644-00188005-00188157 thing that you want to take back with
84XPIQ0KhU8-00645-00188158-00188475 you is that you need to have whenever
84XPIQ0KhU8-00646-00188476-00188673 you're thinking about this effort you
84XPIQ0KhU8-00647-00188674-00188861 need to have a place for discussion
84XPIQ0KhU8-00648-00188862-00189252 developers are very opinionated a lot of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00649-00189253-00189443 the times and they would like to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00650-00189444-00189732 sometimes discuss whether this is good
84XPIQ0KhU8-00651-00189733-00189990 or this is not something might not might
84XPIQ0KhU8-00652-00189991-00190152 work for you but it might not work for a
84XPIQ0KhU8-00653-00190153-00190389 very large number of people so you want
84XPIQ0KhU8-00654-00190390-00190500 to have that place where they can
84XPIQ0KhU8-00655-00190501-00190743 actually chat about it and bring new
84XPIQ0KhU8-00656-00190744-00191049 ideas new ideas which brings me to my
84XPIQ0KhU8-00657-00191050-00191159 next point
84XPIQ0KhU8-00658-00191160-00191418 pick styles that work for your code base
84XPIQ0KhU8-00659-00191419-00191739 in many places Robocop is not very
84XPIQ0KhU8-00660-00191740-00191985 opinionated about what should should
84XPIQ0KhU8-00661-00191986-00192363 your style be like you can pick one of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00662-00192364-00192612 the many that they offer and you can
84XPIQ0KhU8-00663-00192613-00192756 talk to other people in your team to
84XPIQ0KhU8-00664-00192757-00192990 decide what's the best one for you so
84XPIQ0KhU8-00665-00192991-00193233 here is one example of something that is
84XPIQ0KhU8-00666-00193234-00193461 good and good so you can just pick one
84XPIQ0KhU8-00667-00193462-00193653 but talk to the people that work with
84XPIQ0KhU8-00668-00193654-00193854 you and decide what's the best one for
84XPIQ0KhU8-00669-00193855-00194214 you allow for rules to be challenged
84XPIQ0KhU8-00670-00194215-00194511 it's more or less the same thing just
84XPIQ0KhU8-00671-00194512-00194658 because it's there it doesn't mean that
84XPIQ0KhU8-00672-00194659-00194832 it should be there for the rest of the
84XPIQ0KhU8-00673-00194833-00195099 time so if it's not working discuss
84XPIQ0KhU8-00674-00195100-00195375 whether you should remove it or not it's
84XPIQ0KhU8-00675-00195376-00195621 all about timing your tools have to be
84XPIQ0KhU8-00676-00195622-00195816 someone prepared and your developers
84XPIQ0KhU8-00677-00195817-00196140 need to be at least partially on board
84XPIQ0KhU8-00678-00196141-00196545 for this change to be successful so but
84XPIQ0KhU8-00679-00196546-00196716 don't give up at hard times it's not
84XPIQ0KhU8-00680-00196717-00196980 going to be an easy journey the time is
84XPIQ0KhU8-00681-00196981-00197166 never going to be absolutely perfect
84XPIQ0KhU8-00682-00197167-00197454 choose the tamron is good enough but
84XPIQ0KhU8-00683-00197455-00197685 don't give up talk to others learn more
84XPIQ0KhU8-00684-00197686-00197868 about your tools so that you know what
84XPIQ0KhU8-00685-00197869-00198093 can and can't be done tackle one thing
84XPIQ0KhU8-00686-00198094-00198141 at a time
84XPIQ0KhU8-00687-00198142-00198381 but the most important thing is have fun
84XPIQ0KhU8-00688-00198382-00198576 to the process I've learned a lot
84XPIQ0KhU8-00689-00198577-00198849 through working tackle trying to tackle
84XPIQ0KhU8-00690-00198850-00199080 this problem at Shopify I met a lot of
84XPIQ0KhU8-00691-00199081-00199407 awesome people and so can you thank you
84XPIQ0KhU8-00692-00199408-00199541 so much
84XPIQ0KhU8-00693-00199542-00200331 [Applause]
86WgMqBo2Sy-00000-00000299-00000539 you guessed it ladies and gentlemen its
86WgMqBo2Sy-00001-00000540-00000788 back back again ladies and gentlemen
86WgMqBo2Sy-00002-00000789-00000956 once again I have here the mythical
86WgMqBo2Sy-00003-00000957-00001439 magical mysterious pop yes magic box now
86WgMqBo2Sy-00004-00001440-00001739 how this is going to work is I'm going
86WgMqBo2Sy-00005-00001739-00001927 to shake this up yes you're gonna reach
86WgMqBo2Sy-00006-00001928-00002231 in okay hold on a question and get an
86WgMqBo2Sy-00007-00002232-00002392 answer that question no matter how
86WgMqBo2Sy-00008-00002393-00002747 embarrassing and criminate or romantic
86WgMqBo2Sy-00009-00002748-00003506 you might be what said oh no Matt the
86WgMqBo2Sy-00010-00003507-00004588 questions alright question of one
86WgMqBo2Sy-00011-00004589-00004868 what the ability to fly be worth it if
86WgMqBo2Sy-00012-00004869-00005122 you had to swallow a stranger's hair
86WgMqBo2Sy-00013-00005123-00006313 each time what I mean well most of the
86WgMqBo2Sy-00014-00006314-00006481 time when you swallow piece I hear you
86WgMqBo2Sy-00015-00006483-00007406 you don't know but you dedicates to the
86WgMqBo2Sy-00016-00007406-00007609 clothes flying like who would want to
86WgMqBo2Sy-00017-00007611-00008003 [__] anybody that's here I mean what if
86WgMqBo2Sy-00018-00008004-00008138 it was like we're talking about one
86WgMqBo2Sy-00019-00008139-00008459 piece like one strand of hair like one
86WgMqBo2Sy-00020-00008460-00008801 little tiny piece you I mean what if it
86WgMqBo2Sy-00021-00008802-00009095 was like it did an extension from really
86WgMqBo2Sy-00022-00009096-00009506 really badly like what if that was the
86WgMqBo2Sy-00023-00009507-00009692 piece it all the only if it was like
86WgMqBo2Sy-00024-00009693-00009917 thick and might really disgusting just
86WgMqBo2Sy-00025-00009918-00010109 like hanging and you felt it and if it
86WgMqBo2Sy-00026-00010110-00010306 was like a traffic that's go ahead one
86WgMqBo2Sy-00027-00010307-00011199 that yeah that's not like No
86WgMqBo2Sy-00028-00011200-00011633 question number two oh it's the term
86WgMqBo2Sy-00029-00011634-00012088 turtleneck offensive to Mitch McConnell
86WgMqBo2Sy-00030-00012089-00012209 hmm
86WgMqBo2Sy-00031-00012210-00012449 well first of all I don't know if this
86WgMqBo2Sy-00032-00012450-00012659 is bad
86WgMqBo2Sy-00033-00012660-00013199 but I hate turtlenecks so I honestly
86WgMqBo2Sy-00034-00013200-00013447 don't know what this with this new [__]
86WgMqBo2Sy-00035-00013448-00013586 who's this
86WgMqBo2Sy-00036-00013587-00013822 I mean if you hate them then pretty much
86WgMqBo2Sy-00037-00013823-00013952 it does it matter
86WgMqBo2Sy-00038-00013953-00014269 okay I suppose no Mitch's he's a Senate
86WgMqBo2Sy-00039-00014270-00014422 Majority speaker for the Republican
86WgMqBo2Sy-00040-00014423-00015394 Party oh no the fact that you already
86WgMqBo2Sy-00041-00015395-00015608 hate turning eggs already swayed you're
86WgMqBo2Sy-00042-00015609-00015836 buying some losers yeah I'm not a fan
86WgMqBo2Sy-00043-00015837-00016186 not tournament if anybody has the
86WgMqBo2Sy-00044-00016187-00016453 turtleneck on in here it probably looks
86WgMqBo2Sy-00045-00016454-00016755 great on you but I just
86WgMqBo2Sy-00046-00016756-00017090 so Nino brown and New Jack city that
86WgMqBo2Sy-00047-00017091-00017383 seem go change there's no wasn't that's
86WgMqBo2Sy-00048-00017384-00017591 the whole look right there it was a look
86WgMqBo2Sy-00049-00017592-00018505 for that time but maybe like now
86WgMqBo2Sy-00050-00018506-00020597 question number three okay would you
86WgMqBo2Sy-00051-00020598-00020833 rather be bursting with cream cheese or
86WgMqBo2Sy-00052-00020834-00021383 school
86WgMqBo2Sy-00053-00021384-00021794 I would rather be bursting with joy I'm
86WgMqBo2Sy-00054-00021795-00022133 a little nervous to even know what
86WgMqBo2Sy-00055-00022134-00022429 bursting with cream cheese
86WgMqBo2Sy-00056-00022430-00022718 what does I mean just ends this thing I
86WgMqBo2Sy-00057-00022719-00023471 don't write these I'm I'm bursting with
86WgMqBo2Sy-00058-00023472-00023675 a lie they only came instead on camera
86WgMqBo2Sy-00059-00023676-00023825 yeah everything else is not in my
86WgMqBo2Sy-00060-00023826-00024772 betrothed three I always do three okay
86WgMqBo2Sy-00062-00029495-00029726 that's Reno Kara because you're afraid
86WgMqBo2Sy-00063-00029727-00030887 answer them I'll let you dance tortilla
86WgMqBo2Sy-00064-00030888-00031580 chips or uncooked pasta
86WgMqBo2Sy-00065-00031581-00032056 I will have to stay damn tortoise chip
86WgMqBo2Sy-00066-00032057-00032464 they're also thinking about oh but
86WgMqBo2Sy-00067-00032466-00032732 uncooked pasta I mean less than two emus
86WgMqBo2Sy-00068-00032733-00033053 I guess but damn sexy juice I can do
86WgMqBo2Sy-00069-00033054-00033356 with the insulation you can yeah you so
86WgMqBo2Sy-00070-00033357-00033464 much because at the end of the day you
86WgMqBo2Sy-00071-00033465-00033671 know sometimes people put their chip in
86WgMqBo2Sy-00072-00033672-00033956 the you know sauce and forget it and you
86WgMqBo2Sy-00073-00033957-00034142 know swing back around and be like oh
86WgMqBo2Sy-00074-00034143-00034223 [__]
86WgMqBo2Sy-00075-00034224-00034907 no no what not a fan not a fan
89cNXj3IT1k-00000-00000059-00000599 [Music]
89cNXj3IT1k-00001-00000600-00000902 everybody must make some striving just
89cNXj3IT1k-00002-00000903-00001119 to bring this in the society that every
89cNXj3IT1k-00003-00001120-00001335 human being has a striving
89cNXj3IT1k-00004-00001336-00001591 to at least move to the next notch from
89cNXj3IT1k-00005-00001592-00001743 where he is
89cNXj3IT1k-00006-00001744-00002055 life and social structures are always a
89cNXj3IT1k-00007-00002056-00002223 constant
89cNXj3IT1k-00008-00002224-00002518 uh kind of a game it's like a seesaw
89cNXj3IT1k-00009-00002519-00002999 game or the positives up or negatives up
89cNXj3IT1k-00010-00003000-00003110 that's all
89cNXj3IT1k-00011-00003111-00003375 as a generation if you create
89cNXj3IT1k-00012-00003376-00003703 a huge amount of positives negative
89cNXj3IT1k-00013-00003704-00003879 will become small
89cNXj3IT1k-00014-00003879-00004054 if you create huge amount of negatives
89cNXj3IT1k-00015-00004055-00004254 they will become big and positive will
89cNXj3IT1k-00016-00004255-00004615 become small this whole life is
89cNXj3IT1k-00017-00004616-00004838 there has never been a point
89cNXj3IT1k-00018-00004839-00005086 any time and there never will be
89cNXj3IT1k-00019-00005087-00005391 where everything is perfect
89cNXj3IT1k-00020-00005392-00005479 okay
89cNXj3IT1k-00021-00005480-00005743 there's no such thing
89cNXj3IT1k-00022-00005744-00005959 because life is a possibility because
89cNXj3IT1k-00023-00005960-00006238 it's a possibility it cannot be perfect
89cNXj3IT1k-00024-00006239-00006406 it doesn't matter what we do there's
89cNXj3IT1k-00025-00006408-00006591 still something more to do
89cNXj3IT1k-00026-00006592-00006719 always
89cNXj3IT1k-00027-00006720-00007006 that is why it's an endless possibility
89cNXj3IT1k-00028-00007008-00007167 striving does not mean i want to be a
89cNXj3IT1k-00029-00007168-00007391 good man i want to be a good man see
89cNXj3IT1k-00030-00007392-00007583 being
89cNXj3IT1k-00031-00007584-00007791 morally good is only good for the
89cNXj3IT1k-00032-00007792-00007983 society
89cNXj3IT1k-00033-00007984-00008263 not good for the human being
89cNXj3IT1k-00034-00008264-00008495 yes
89cNXj3IT1k-00035-00008496-00008727 if if you're morally correct it's good
89cNXj3IT1k-00036-00008728-00008919 for people around you
89cNXj3IT1k-00037-00008920-00009110 because you're contained
89cNXj3IT1k-00038-00009111-00009431 but it's not good for this life
89cNXj3IT1k-00039-00009432-00009655 so this life needs a little different
89cNXj3IT1k-00040-00009656-00009883 kind of nurture in that
89cNXj3IT1k-00041-00009884-00010039 context
89cNXj3IT1k-00042-00010040-00010231 how many people in this world
89cNXj3IT1k-00043-00010232-00010471 are going to strive before you and me
89cNXj3IT1k-00044-00010472-00010591 fall dead
89cNXj3IT1k-00045-00010592-00010774 how many people in how many people will
89cNXj3IT1k-00046-00010775-00010967 be set the seed that they will be
89cNXj3IT1k-00047-00010968-00011183 striving to be a better life than the
89cNXj3IT1k-00048-00011184-00011367 way they are right now
89cNXj3IT1k-00049-00011368-00011719 a little higher expression of life
89cNXj3IT1k-00050-00011720-00011980 this is all your focus should be
89cNXj3IT1k-00051-00011981-00012078 [Music]
89cNXj3IT1k-00052-00012079-00012128 [Applause]
89cNXj3IT1k-00053-00012129-00012815 [Music]
89cNXj3IT1k-00054-00012816-00012999 [Music]
89cNXj3IT1k-00055-00013000-00013208 you
8qIfYPgAxPE-00000-00000038-00000332 khabar dia kabardian keber de was a
8qIfYPgAxPE-00001-00000333-00000559 historical region in the north caucasus
8qIfYPgAxPE-00002-00000560-00000773 corresponding partly to the modern
8qIfYPgAxPE-00003-00000774-00001066 kabardino-balkaria it had better
8qIfYPgAxPE-00004-00001067-00001256 political organization than its
8qIfYPgAxPE-00005-00001257-00001472 neighbors and a somewhat futile social
8qIfYPgAxPE-00006-00001473-00001768 structure it existed as a political
8qIfYPgAxPE-00007-00001769-00001976 community from the 15th century or
8qIfYPgAxPE-00008-00001977-00002189 earlier until it came under Russian
8qIfYPgAxPE-00009-00002190-00002964 control in the early 19th century
8qIfYPgAxPE-00010-00002965-00003593 topic geography and people's
8qIfYPgAxPE-00011-00003594-00003827 the kabardian x' were the Eastern branch
8qIfYPgAxPE-00012-00003828-00004085 of the Circassians to use this word in
8qIfYPgAxPE-00013-00004086-00004385 its broadest sense they occupied the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00014-00004386-00004550 central third of the North Caucasus
8qIfYPgAxPE-00015-00004551-00004829 Piedmont to the north were the no guys
8qIfYPgAxPE-00016-00004830-00005129 steppe nomads to the south and deeper in
8qIfYPgAxPE-00017-00005130-00005347 the mountains were from west to east
8qIfYPgAxPE-00018-00005348-00005639 the karachays balkars assets in goosh
8qIfYPgAxPE-00019-00005640-00005933 and Chechens they interacted with these
8qIfYPgAxPE-00020-00005934-00006170 peoples because the Mountaineers usually
8qIfYPgAxPE-00021-00006171-00006365 drove their livestock to the lowlands
8qIfYPgAxPE-00022-00006366-00006656 for winter pasture the first three of
8qIfYPgAxPE-00023-00006656-00006818 these seemed to have been originally
8qIfYPgAxPE-00024-00006819-00007067 steppe dwellers who sought refuge in the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00025-00007068-00007277 mountains during the Mongol Wars while
8qIfYPgAxPE-00026-00007278-00007498 the in goosh and Chechens have inhabited
8qIfYPgAxPE-00027-00007500-00007752 the Caucasus for as long as anyone knows
8qIfYPgAxPE-00028-00007753-00008030 to the westward the ax Basson's the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00029-00008031-00008243 bessel any a branch of the kabardian
8qIfYPgAxPE-00030-00008244-00008549 and the circassians proper in the East
8qIfYPgAxPE-00031-00008550-00008756 the kabardian 's were sometimes in
8qIfYPgAxPE-00032-00008757-00009044 contact with the KU mix the country's
8qIfYPgAxPE-00033-00009045-00009263 boundaries fluctuated as did its
8qIfYPgAxPE-00034-00009264-00009488 political unity and degree of control
8qIfYPgAxPE-00035-00009489-00009824 over outlying areas the core of khabar
8qIfYPgAxPE-00036-00009825-00010055 dia was great khabar dia which extended
8qIfYPgAxPE-00037-00010056-00010252 from somewhat east of the north flowing
8qIfYPgAxPE-00038-00010253-00010463 part of the cuban river to somewhat east
8qIfYPgAxPE-00039-00010464-00010666 of the north flowing part of the Terek
8qIfYPgAxPE-00040-00010667-00010963 River to the east was lesser kabardian
8qIfYPgAxPE-00041-00010964-00011221 the Terek and sons of rivers in what is
8qIfYPgAxPE-00042-00011222-00011513 now chechen country according to the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00043-00011514-00011798 russian historian VI Pato in the 18th
8qIfYPgAxPE-00044-00011799-00011990 century the kabardian 's were greatly
8qIfYPgAxPE-00045-00011991-00012196 admired and copied by their neighbors
8qIfYPgAxPE-00046-00012197-00012460 such that the phrase he dresses or rides
8qIfYPgAxPE-00047-00012461-00012694 like a kabardian was an expression of
8qIfYPgAxPE-00048-00012695-00012988 high praise your mole of said that the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00049-00012989-00013190 kabardian x' were the best fighters in
8qIfYPgAxPE-00050-00013191-00013388 the caucasus but in his day they were
8qIfYPgAxPE-00051-00013388-00014060 much weakened by plague
8qIfYPgAxPE-00052-00014061-00014583 topic history
8qIfYPgAxPE-00053-00014584-00014791 the kabardian x' and their western
8qIfYPgAxPE-00054-00014791-00015022 relatives the circassians have inhabited
8qIfYPgAxPE-00055-00015022-00015258 the North flank of the Caucasus as far
8qIfYPgAxPE-00056-00015259-00015597 back as anyone knows khabar dia is said
8qIfYPgAxPE-00057-00015598-00015723 to have been founded by the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00058-00015724-00016053 semi-legendary prince inal without a
8qIfYPgAxPE-00059-00016054-00016287 native tradition of written history most
8qIfYPgAxPE-00060-00016288-00016483 of what we know of their history comes
8qIfYPgAxPE-00061-00016484-00016677 from their contacts with the Russians
8qIfYPgAxPE-00062-00016678-00017089 this contact dates from 1475 then the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00063-00017090-00017322 Turks captured the Genoese ports on the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00064-00017323-00017530 Black Sea and the part Circassians
8qIfYPgAxPE-00065-00017531-00017800 acharya Gaddafi appealed unsuccessfully
8qIfYPgAxPE-00066-00017801-00018127 to Moscow when the Golden Horde broke up
8qIfYPgAxPE-00067-00018128-00018405 about 1500 the steppe nomads became
8qIfYPgAxPE-00068-00018406-00018724 organized as the no guy horde they and
8qIfYPgAxPE-00069-00018725-00018958 the Cremeans began or continued to raid
8qIfYPgAxPE-00070-00018959-00019261 the North Caucasus Richmond reports
8qIfYPgAxPE-00071-00019262-00019605 raids for the years no later than 1476
8qIfYPgAxPE-00072-00019606-00020219 1491 1498 circa 1500 every spring 1521
8qIfYPgAxPE-00073-00020220-00020762 1518 a 10-year break after 1519 1539
8qIfYPgAxPE-00074-00020763-00021603 1547 1554 1567 1578 1606 to 1635 seven
8qIfYPgAxPE-00075-00021604-00022425 times 1670s 1708 1720 1735 1740s 1760
8qIfYPgAxPE-00076-00022426-00022949 261 and 1777 a brief alliance around
8qIfYPgAxPE-00077-00022950-00023221 1560 since the Cremeans were also
8qIfYPgAxPE-00078-00023222-00023464 raiding russia see Cryme no guy raids
8qIfYPgAxPE-00079-00023465-00023718 into East Slavic lands the two peoples
8qIfYPgAxPE-00080-00023719-00024021 were natural allies there had been an
8qIfYPgAxPE-00081-00024022-00024243 isolated group of Cossacks on the lower
8qIfYPgAxPE-00082-00024244-00024699 turret from perhaps 1520 in 1550 to a
8qIfYPgAxPE-00083-00024700-00025128 kabardian embassy reached Moscow in 1556
8qIfYPgAxPE-00084-00025129-00025339 kabardian x' and cossacks took the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00085-00025340-00025539 turkish fort timmreck on the Taman
8qIfYPgAxPE-00086-00025540-00025871 Peninsula when Astrakhan was captured in
8qIfYPgAxPE-00087-00025872-00026218 1556 Russia had a base 250 miles
8qIfYPgAxPE-00088-00026219-00026557 northeast of kabardian a few kabardian
8qIfYPgAxPE-00089-00026558-00026851 centered Russian service timmreck came
8qIfYPgAxPE-00090-00026852-00027186 to power some time before 1558 and in
8qIfYPgAxPE-00091-00027187-00027454 1561 his daughter married ivan the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00092-00027455-00027883 terrible' in 1567 Russia founded sons
8qIfYPgAxPE-00093-00027883-00027976 ostrog at
8qIfYPgAxPE-00094-00027977-00028174 the junction of the Terek and sunzha in
8qIfYPgAxPE-00095-00028175-00028605 lesser kabardian in 1569 after the turks
8qIfYPgAxPE-00096-00028606-00028783 failed to take Astrakhan their
8qIfYPgAxPE-00097-00028783-00028960 retreating troops were killed by the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00098-00028961-00029335 kabardian x' in 1570 timrie ik was
8qIfYPgAxPE-00099-00029336-00029655 killed fighting the Cremeans in 1588
8qIfYPgAxPE-00100-00029656-00029868 there was another Treaty of alliance
8qIfYPgAxPE-00101-00029869-00030118 with the death of Tim rheic and losses
8qIfYPgAxPE-00102-00030119-00030349 in the livonian war Russia disengaged
8qIfYPgAxPE-00103-00030350-00030645 from the Caucasus for about 200 years
8qIfYPgAxPE-00104-00030645-00031005 sunzha ostrog was abandoned in 1571
8qIfYPgAxPE-00105-00031006-00031354 rebuilt in 1578 and abandoned a year
8qIfYPgAxPE-00106-00031355-00031980 later 1600 to 1750 3 in 1645 a regiment
8qIfYPgAxPE-00107-00031981-00032098 was moved to Turks
8qIfYPgAxPE-00108-00032099-00032314 it has been reestablished early in the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00109-00032314-00032593 century khabar Dias Plitt into two
8qIfYPgAxPE-00110-00032594-00032854 factions the pro-russian Backson and pro
8qIfYPgAxPE-00111-00032855-00033130 Cremeans cattle originally the alliances
8qIfYPgAxPE-00112-00033131-00033310 were opposite but they switched sides
8qIfYPgAxPE-00113-00033311-00033742 sometime after 1720 to one side brought
8qIfYPgAxPE-00114-00033743-00034018 in Russians from Astrakhan the necros of
8qIfYPgAxPE-00115-00034019-00034242 Cossacks settled on the kuben about
8qIfYPgAxPE-00116-00034243-00034590 17:11 more Cossacks settled on the Terek
8qIfYPgAxPE-00117-00034591-00035101 and kizlyar was founded in 1736 in 1739
8qIfYPgAxPE-00118-00035102-00035343 khabar dia was declared a buffer state
8qIfYPgAxPE-00119-00035344-00035529 between the Russian and Ottoman empires
8qIfYPgAxPE-00120-00035530-00036058 in 1744 Koltsov and 400 cossacks arrived
8qIfYPgAxPE-00121-00036059-00036373 to support the Backson faction another
8qIfYPgAxPE-00122-00036374-00036805 force was sent in 1753 conquest
8qIfYPgAxPE-00123-00036806-00037036 kabardian a Munder Russian control
8qIfYPgAxPE-00124-00037037-00037512 between about 1769 and 1830 they moved
8qIfYPgAxPE-00125-00037513-00037746 west from the Terek country southwest
8qIfYPgAxPE-00126-00037747-00037920 from Astrakhan and to a lesser degree
8qIfYPgAxPE-00127-00037921-00038368 southeast from Azov from 1769 Russia
8qIfYPgAxPE-00128-00038369-00038565 intervened in Georgia south of the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00129-00038566-00038877 mountains this required them to hold the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00130-00038878-00039096 Georgian Military Highway which passed
8qIfYPgAxPE-00131-00039097-00039387 through khabar dia Georgia was annexed
8qIfYPgAxPE-00132-00039388-00039598 in 1800
8qIfYPgAxPE-00133-00039599-00039993 Mazz dock was established in 1763 and in
8qIfYPgAxPE-00134-00039994-00040309 1769 Russia attacked khabar dia for the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00135-00040310-00040678 first time the 1774 treaty of küçük
8qIfYPgAxPE-00136-00040679-00040963 kaynarca declared khabar dia Bassel of
8qIfYPgAxPE-00137-00040964-00041320 the crimean khanate in 1777 the Mazda
8qIfYPgAxPE-00138-00041321-00041548 Cline was begun which was to run from
8qIfYPgAxPE-00139-00041549-00041992 Maz dock northwest to Azov from 1779 a
8qIfYPgAxPE-00140-00041993-00042232 line of forts was run west along the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00141-00042233-00042424 Malka River cutting off kabardian
8qIfYPgAxPE-00142-00042425-00042904 pastures in 1779 von strand man was sent
8qIfYPgAxPE-00143-00042905-00043171 to the North Caucasus and fought 1,500
8qIfYPgAxPE-00144-00043172-00043372 kabardian x' at a place called fort
8qIfYPgAxPE-00145-00043373-00043690 pavlovsk there was a major battle on the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00146-00043691-00043954 Malka river and later 3,000 kabardian x'
8qIfYPgAxPE-00147-00043955-00044160 were defeated in the Backson country
8qIfYPgAxPE-00148-00044161-00044452 this led to a treaty but there was more
8qIfYPgAxPE-00149-00044453-00044938 fighting in 1780 by 1783 the Georgian
8qIfYPgAxPE-00150-00044939-00045136 Military Highway had been improved
8qIfYPgAxPE-00151-00045137-00045343 sufficiently to be used by wheeled
8qIfYPgAxPE-00152-00045344-00045808 traffic in 1785 291 Shaykh Mansur
8qIfYPgAxPE-00153-00045809-00046027 attempted to lead an anti-russian holy
8qIfYPgAxPE-00154-00046028-00046336 war in the North Caucasus during the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00155-00046337-00046750 russo-turkish war 1787 292 Russian
8qIfYPgAxPE-00156-00046751-00046957 forces thrice crossed Circassian
8qIfYPgAxPE-00157-00046958-00047158 territory attempting to take the Black
8qIfYPgAxPE-00158-00047159-00047446 Sea fort of Anapa late in this war
8qIfYPgAxPE-00159-00047447-00047671 battle Pasha invaded the North Caucasus
8qIfYPgAxPE-00160-00047672-00048022 and was defeated in 1791
8qIfYPgAxPE-00161-00048023-00048253 US lubinski was established in Circassia
8qIfYPgAxPE-00162-00048254-00048469 at the junction of the kuben and lab
8qIfYPgAxPE-00163-00048470-00049003 arrived I 1 7 9 3 to 500 o Cossacks were
8qIfYPgAxPE-00164-00049004-00049278 settled along the Mazda Cline
8qIfYPgAxPE-00165-00049279-00049536 in the early 19th century a plague
8qIfYPgAxPE-00166-00049537-00049770 struck the North Caucasus which lasted
8qIfYPgAxPE-00167-00049771-00050112 until the 1830s it is estimated that
8qIfYPgAxPE-00168-00050113-00050385 kabardian lost 90% of its population
8qIfYPgAxPE-00169-00050386-00050835 falling from 200,000 in 1792 30,000 in
8qIfYPgAxPE-00170-00050836-00051242 1830 in 1804 there was a general
8qIfYPgAxPE-00171-00051244-00051573 uprising all over the North Caucasus the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00172-00051574-00051774 Russians won at least three battles
8qIfYPgAxPE-00173-00051775-00052065 mainly because of their artillery one
8qIfYPgAxPE-00174-00052066-00052386 involved 13,000 men on both sides and
8qIfYPgAxPE-00175-00052387-00052761 another involved 7,000 kabardian around
8qIfYPgAxPE-00176-00052762-00053138 1810 Russia destroyed 200 villages in
8qIfYPgAxPE-00177-00053139-00053441 1822 new forts were built on the North
8qIfYPgAxPE-00178-00053442-00053853 Caucasus line in the 1820s yermolov led
8qIfYPgAxPE-00179-00053854-00054027 a campaign which is said to have
8qIfYPgAxPE-00180-00054028-00054270 completely depopulated lesser khabar dia
8qIfYPgAxPE-00181-00054271-00054561 after about 1830 the kabardian had been
8qIfYPgAxPE-00182-00054562-00054767 subdued by plague and war and the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00183-00054769-00054945 russians turned their attention to the
8qIfYPgAxPE-00184-00054946-00055164 murud war in the east and the russo
8qIfYPgAxPE-00185-00055165-00055494 Circassian war in the west for more on
8qIfYPgAxPE-00186-00055495-00056229 the conquest see North Caucasus line
8qIfYPgAxPE-00187-00056230-00056763 topic sources
8qIfYPgAxPE-00188-00056764-00057050 Walter Richman the Northwest Caucasus
8qIfYPgAxPE-00189-00057051-00057351 2008
8rR44uHHo1I-00000-00000104-00000286 okay this morning we're in the gospel of
8rR44uHHo1I-00001-00000287-00000478 john chapter eight
8rR44uHHo1I-00002-00000479-00000686 now last time we ended with a few
8rR44uHHo1I-00003-00000687-00000815 observations about
8rR44uHHo1I-00004-00000816-00001150 verse 12 and today we'll cover that some
8rR44uHHo1I-00005-00001151-00001215 more
8rR44uHHo1I-00006-00001216-00001366 and then we'll continue forward in the
8rR44uHHo1I-00007-00001367-00001566 chapter and i'm reading from the new
8rR44uHHo1I-00008-00001567-00001695 king james version
8rR44uHHo1I-00009-00001696-00001959 the gospel of john chapter 8 beginning
8rR44uHHo1I-00010-00001960-00002151 at verse 12.
8rR44uHHo1I-00011-00002152-00002479 then jesus spoke to them again saying i
8rR44uHHo1I-00012-00002480-00002750 am the light of the world he who follows
8rR44uHHo1I-00013-00002751-00002783 me
8rR44uHHo1I-00014-00002784-00003047 shall not walk in darkness but have the
8rR44uHHo1I-00015-00003048-00003247 light of life
8rR44uHHo1I-00016-00003247-00003495 the pharisees therefore said to him you
8rR44uHHo1I-00017-00003496-00003647 bear witness of yourself
8rR44uHHo1I-00018-00003647-00003943 your witness is not true jesus answered
8rR44uHHo1I-00019-00003944-00004079 and said to them
8rR44uHHo1I-00020-00004079-00004391 even if i bear witness of myself my
8rR44uHHo1I-00021-00004392-00004447 witness
8rR44uHHo1I-00022-00004448-00004751 is true for i know where i came from and
8rR44uHHo1I-00023-00004752-00004927 where i'm going
8rR44uHHo1I-00024-00004928-00005135 but you do not know where i come from
8rR44uHHo1I-00025-00005136-00005311 and where i am going
8rR44uHHo1I-00026-00005312-00005583 you judge according to the flesh i judge
8rR44uHHo1I-00027-00005584-00005663 no one
8rR44uHHo1I-00028-00005664-00005918 and yet if i do judge my judgment is
8rR44uHHo1I-00029-00005919-00006111 true for i am not alone
8rR44uHHo1I-00030-00006112-00006439 but i am with the father who sent me
8rR44uHHo1I-00031-00006440-00006646 it is also written in your law that the
8rR44uHHo1I-00032-00006647-00006759 testimony of
8rR44uHHo1I-00033-00006759-00007063 two men is true i am one who bears
8rR44uHHo1I-00034-00007064-00007295 witness of myself and the father who
8rR44uHHo1I-00035-00007295-00007383 sent me
8rR44uHHo1I-00036-00007384-00007678 bears witness of me then they said to
8rR44uHHo1I-00037-00007679-00007870 him
8rR44uHHo1I-00038-00007872-00008310 where is your father jesus answered
8rR44uHHo1I-00039-00008311-00008583 you know neither me nor my father if you
8rR44uHHo1I-00040-00008584-00008678 had known me
8rR44uHHo1I-00041-00008679-00008974 you would have known my father also now
8rR44uHHo1I-00042-00008975-00009046 these words
8rR44uHHo1I-00043-00009047-00009246 jesus spoke in the treasury as he taught
8rR44uHHo1I-00044-00009247-00009463 in the temple and no one laid hands on
8rR44uHHo1I-00045-00009464-00009510 him
8rR44uHHo1I-00046-00009511-00009831 for his hour had not yet come then jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00047-00009832-00009967 said to them again
8rR44uHHo1I-00048-00009968-00010278 i am going away and you will seek me
8rR44uHHo1I-00049-00010279-00010591 and will die in your sin where i go you
8rR44uHHo1I-00050-00010592-00010751 cannot come
8rR44uHHo1I-00051-00010752-00010999 so the jews said really kill himself
8rR44uHHo1I-00052-00011000-00011110 because he says
8rR44uHHo1I-00053-00011111-00011438 where i go you cannot come
8rR44uHHo1I-00054-00011439-00011767 and he said to them you are from beneath
8rR44uHHo1I-00055-00011768-00012095 i am from above you are of this world
8rR44uHHo1I-00056-00012096-00012359 i am not of this world therefore i said
8rR44uHHo1I-00057-00012360-00012535 to you that you will die in your sins
8rR44uHHo1I-00058-00012536-00012902 for if you do not believe that i am he
8rR44uHHo1I-00059-00012903-00013183 you will die in your sins then they said
8rR44uHHo1I-00060-00013184-00013255 to him
8rR44uHHo1I-00061-00013256-00013615 who are you and jesus said to them
8rR44uHHo1I-00062-00013616-00013783 just what i've been saying from the
8rR44uHHo1I-00063-00013784-00013958 beginning i have
8rR44uHHo1I-00064-00013959-00014135 many things to say and to judge
8rR44uHHo1I-00065-00014136-00014351 concerning you but he who sent me is
8rR44uHHo1I-00066-00014352-00014415 true
8rR44uHHo1I-00067-00014416-00014607 and i speak to the world those things
8rR44uHHo1I-00068-00014608-00014815 which i heard from him
8rR44uHHo1I-00069-00014816-00015007 they did not understand that he spoke to
8rR44uHHo1I-00070-00015008-00015191 them of his father
8rR44uHHo1I-00071-00015191-00015543 of the father we concluded
8rR44uHHo1I-00072-00015544-00015855 there at verse 27
8rR44uHHo1I-00073-00015856-00016086 as a reminder here the feast of
8rR44uHHo1I-00074-00016087-00016279 tabernacles had just ended the day
8rR44uHHo1I-00075-00016280-00016447 before
8rR44uHHo1I-00076-00016448-00016686 jesus had gone very early in the morning
8rR44uHHo1I-00077-00016687-00016822 to the temple and was teaching the
8rR44uHHo1I-00078-00016823-00016911 people
8rR44uHHo1I-00079-00016912-00017247 the jewish leaders there that weren't
8rR44uHHo1I-00080-00017248-00017607 very godly had planned to trap jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00081-00017608-00017839 and they interrupted his teaching they
8rR44uHHo1I-00082-00017840-00017999 were asking him to pass
8rR44uHHo1I-00083-00018000-00018271 judgment on a woman but not the man that
8rR44uHHo1I-00084-00018272-00018422 had been caught in a very act of
8rR44uHHo1I-00085-00018423-00018543 adultery
8rR44uHHo1I-00086-00018544-00018855 now jesus did not condone her sin
8rR44uHHo1I-00087-00018856-00019039 but he did not condemn her to death
8rR44uHHo1I-00088-00019040-00019214 either instead
8rR44uHHo1I-00089-00019215-00019519 he offered forgiveness and he commanded
8rR44uHHo1I-00090-00019520-00019614 her to
8rR44uHHo1I-00091-00019615-00019879 continue her life without sinning the
8rR44uHHo1I-00092-00019880-00020143 forgiven woman had gone out
8rR44uHHo1I-00093-00020144-00020439 the scribes and pharisees likely saw her
8rR44uHHo1I-00094-00020440-00020519 walk out
8rR44uHHo1I-00095-00020520-00020791 alive and happy and they were alive but
8rR44uHHo1I-00096-00020792-00020983 they were not happy
8rR44uHHo1I-00097-00020984-00021207 that happening they went back in and
8rR44uHHo1I-00098-00021208-00021303 began listening to
8rR44uHHo1I-00099-00021304-00021543 jesus teach once again that's where we
8rR44uHHo1I-00100-00021544-00021663 hit verse 12
8rR44uHHo1I-00101-00021664-00021983 then jesus spoke to them again saying i
8rR44uHHo1I-00102-00021984-00022286 am the light of the world he who follows
8rR44uHHo1I-00103-00022287-00022358 me
8rR44uHHo1I-00104-00022359-00022550 shall not walk in darkness but have the
8rR44uHHo1I-00105-00022551-00022775 light of life
8rR44uHHo1I-00106-00022776-00023055 jesus had likely been teaching about the
8rR44uHHo1I-00107-00023056-00023255 light of god versus the darkness of the
8rR44uHHo1I-00108-00023256-00023439 world when he was interrupted
8rR44uHHo1I-00109-00023440-00023694 by the scribes and pharisees and the
8rR44uHHo1I-00110-00023695-00023758 timing
8rR44uHHo1I-00111-00023759-00024014 i think was perfect this woman was
8rR44uHHo1I-00112-00024015-00024167 walking in darkness
8rR44uHHo1I-00113-00024168-00024535 she was brought before jesus as a guilty
8rR44uHHo1I-00114-00024536-00024742 person
8rR44uHHo1I-00115-00024743-00025063 yet she met him he spoke light into her
8rR44uHHo1I-00116-00025064-00025167 life
8rR44uHHo1I-00117-00025168-00025375 giving her the power to stop walking in
8rR44uHHo1I-00118-00025376-00025503 that darkness
8rR44uHHo1I-00119-00025504-00025718 the people saw his teaching come alive
8rR44uHHo1I-00120-00025719-00025806 in front of them
8rR44uHHo1I-00121-00025807-00026070 and many believed in him now this
8rR44uHHo1I-00122-00026072-00026262 connection between the teaching
8rR44uHHo1I-00123-00026263-00026487 and the actions here i think was more
8rR44uHHo1I-00124-00026488-00026695 than just
8rR44uHHo1I-00125-00026695-00026999 what the surface reading here reveals uh
8rR44uHHo1I-00126-00027000-00027135 in fact there are a lot of
8rR44uHHo1I-00127-00027136-00027390 layers of meaning and truth here so i'm
8rR44uHHo1I-00128-00027391-00027543 gonna start peeling them back a little
8rR44uHHo1I-00129-00027544-00027662 bit
8rR44uHHo1I-00130-00027663-00027839 now the first and most wonderful thing
8rR44uHHo1I-00131-00027839-00027983 for us
8rR44uHHo1I-00132-00027983-00028190 as we see here is and also the most
8rR44uHHo1I-00133-00028191-00028383 disturbing for jesus enemies was that
8rR44uHHo1I-00134-00028383-00028495 jesus here was
8rR44uHHo1I-00135-00028495-00028879 openly claiming to be god not only
8rR44uHHo1I-00136-00028880-00029199 by what he said but also by how he said
8rR44uHHo1I-00137-00029200-00029311 it
8rR44uHHo1I-00138-00029312-00029567 this is the second of the major i am
8rR44uHHo1I-00139-00029568-00029727 statements that we see
8rR44uHHo1I-00140-00029727-00030055 jesus making in the book of john i am
8rR44uHHo1I-00141-00030056-00030367 being the name of god given by god to
8rR44uHHo1I-00142-00030368-00030439 moses
8rR44uHHo1I-00143-00030439-00030718 back at the burning bush now by the way
8rR44uHHo1I-00144-00030719-00030935 did you realize that in hebrew
8rR44uHHo1I-00145-00030936-00031239 they don't say i'm
8rR44uHHo1I-00146-00031239-00031527 i am hungry they say i hungry or i
8rR44uHHo1I-00147-00031527-00031695 hunger
8rR44uHHo1I-00148-00031695-00031999 they don't say the city is large
8rR44uHHo1I-00149-00032000-00032446 they say that city large.
8rR44uHHo1I-00150-00032447-00032727 they'll say i was hungry or i will be
8rR44uHHo1I-00151-00032727-00032846 hungry but not i
8rR44uHHo1I-00152-00032847-00033199 am hungry you know why
8rR44uHHo1I-00153-00033200-00033511 they don't use is or am
8rR44uHHo1I-00154-00033512-00033815 in hebrew and the reason why
8rR44uHHo1I-00155-00033816-00033974 is because in the hebrew language the
8rR44uHHo1I-00156-00033975-00034190 language of the bible the
8rR44uHHo1I-00157-00034191-00034415 hebrew scriptures the old testament the
8rR44uHHo1I-00158-00034416-00034623 present tense of the verb to be
8rR44uHHo1I-00159-00034624-00034999 is reserved to be used by god alone
8rR44uHHo1I-00160-00035000-00035302 only god can say i am
8rR44uHHo1I-00161-00035303-00035615 and what we see here once again jesus is
8rR44uHHo1I-00162-00035616-00035790 saying that here
8rR44uHHo1I-00163-00035791-00036007 now what other impact did jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00164-00036008-00036159 statement have
8rR44uHHo1I-00165-00036160-00036318 other than the fact that he's saying
8rR44uHHo1I-00166-00036319-00036559 he's god well during the feast that just
8rR44uHHo1I-00167-00036560-00036607 ended
8rR44uHHo1I-00168-00036608-00036783 the feast of tabernacles there were a
8rR44uHHo1I-00169-00036784-00036967 lot of symbols we talked about the water
8rR44uHHo1I-00170-00036968-00037190 being poured out on the altars last week
8rR44uHHo1I-00171-00037191-00037246 and
8rR44uHHo1I-00172-00037247-00037527 and the celebr celebrations and there
8rR44uHHo1I-00173-00037528-00037702 were also celebrations that involved a
8rR44uHHo1I-00174-00037703-00037855 lot of light
8rR44uHHo1I-00175-00037856-00038023 one of the major celebrations was the
8rR44uHHo1I-00176-00038024-00038239 illumination of the temple
8rR44uHHo1I-00177-00038240-00038455 and it was a joyous celebration a lot of
8rR44uHHo1I-00178-00038456-00038551 fun uh
8rR44uHHo1I-00179-00038552-00038702 even the most conservative and
8rR44uHHo1I-00180-00038703-00038871 development of god would go around
8rR44uHHo1I-00181-00038872-00038951 they'd hold up
8rR44uHHo1I-00182-00038952-00039174 lights and lamps and they'd be dancing
8rR44uHHo1I-00183-00039175-00039367 and singing into the night sometimes all
8rR44uHHo1I-00184-00039368-00039399 night
8rR44uHHo1I-00185-00039400-00039646 long there was so much bright light
8rR44uHHo1I-00186-00039647-00039783 there during the night that
8rR44uHHo1I-00187-00039784-00039951 the light penetrated it was said the
8rR44uHHo1I-00188-00039952-00040183 light penetrated every courtyard
8rR44uHHo1I-00189-00040184-00040471 there in jerusalem so why was this such
8rR44uHHo1I-00190-00040472-00040683 a big deal for for the jewish people
8rR44uHHo1I-00191-00040684-00040958 here well this light had at least
8rR44uHHo1I-00192-00040959-00041223 two spiritual meanings to them the first
8rR44uHHo1I-00193-00041224-00041399 it symbolized to them
8rR44uHHo1I-00194-00041400-00041815 the light of all lights what we
8rR44uHHo1I-00195-00041816-00041990 know now of what we hear about the
8rR44uHHo1I-00196-00041991-00042127 shekinah glory
8rR44uHHo1I-00197-00042128-00042415 or the very presence of god you know god
8rR44uHHo1I-00198-00042416-00042630 is light in him there is no darkness
8rR44uHHo1I-00199-00042631-00042839 this is the light that we see and we
8rR44uHHo1I-00200-00042840-00043007 read about in exodus 13
8rR44uHHo1I-00201-00043008-00043230 21 it says and the lord went before them
8rR44uHHo1I-00202-00043231-00043446 by day in a pillar of cloud to lead the
8rR44uHHo1I-00203-00043447-00043511 way
8rR44uHHo1I-00204-00043512-00043774 and by night in a pillar of fire to give
8rR44uHHo1I-00205-00043775-00043862 them light
8rR44uHHo1I-00206-00043863-00044174 so as to go by day and night okay the
8rR44uHHo1I-00207-00044175-00044351 pillar of fire of just a
8rR44uHHo1I-00208-00044352-00044502 large amount of light that's how they
8rR44uHHo1I-00209-00044503-00044662 describe the pillar of fire
8rR44uHHo1I-00210-00044663-00044846 now this is the same light that was so
8rR44uHHo1I-00211-00044847-00044967 intense
8rR44uHHo1I-00212-00044968-00045174 that just when moses looked upon the
8rR44uHHo1I-00213-00045175-00045423 back of god and came back to the people
8rR44uHHo1I-00214-00045424-00045558 off the mount where he received the
8rR44uHHo1I-00215-00045559-00045646 commandments
8rR44uHHo1I-00216-00045647-00046030 we receive we read in exodus 34 29
8rR44uHHo1I-00217-00046031-00046287 now it was so when moses came down from
8rR44uHHo1I-00218-00046288-00046415 mount sinai
8rR44uHHo1I-00219-00046416-00046599 and the two tablets of the testimony
8rR44uHHo1I-00220-00046600-00046774 were in moses hand when he came down
8rR44uHHo1I-00221-00046775-00046895 from the mountain
8rR44uHHo1I-00222-00046896-00047167 that moses did not know the skin of his
8rR44uHHo1I-00223-00047168-00047230 face
8rR44uHHo1I-00224-00047231-00047502 shown while he talked with them it was
8rR44uHHo1I-00225-00047503-00047630 so bright
8rR44uHHo1I-00226-00047631-00047902 he actually had to cover his face up
8rR44uHHo1I-00227-00047903-00048023 that was from the light
8rR44uHHo1I-00228-00048024-00048271 of the presence and the glory of god
8rR44uHHo1I-00229-00048272-00048479 this also filled solomon's temple
8rR44uHHo1I-00230-00048480-00048686 when it was completed and the ark of the
8rR44uHHo1I-00231-00048687-00048918 covenant was brought in and its home was
8rR44uHHo1I-00232-00048919-00049023 made there
8rR44uHHo1I-00233-00049024-00049286 now numerous times this light that is
8rR44uHHo1I-00234-00049287-00049407 the glory of god
8rR44uHHo1I-00235-00049408-00049615 the presence of god is mentioned in the
8rR44uHHo1I-00236-00049616-00049783 hebrew scriptures
8rR44uHHo1I-00237-00049784-00049958 and that leads us up to the second major
8rR44uHHo1I-00238-00049959-00050199 region reason that this light was a huge
8rR44uHHo1I-00239-00050200-00050439 part of the celebration
8rR44uHHo1I-00240-00050440-00050695 we've read before in isaiah chapter 9
8rR44uHHo1I-00241-00050696-00050902 and in verse 2 it says
8rR44uHHo1I-00242-00050903-00051151 the people who walked in darkness have
8rR44uHHo1I-00243-00051152-00051375 seen a great light
8rR44uHHo1I-00244-00051376-00051550 those who dwell in the land of the
8rR44uHHo1I-00245-00051551-00051702 shadow of death upon them
8rR44uHHo1I-00246-00051703-00052007 a light has shined okay yes they were
8rR44uHHo1I-00247-00052008-00052190 actually celebrating the coming of the
8rR44uHHo1I-00248-00052191-00052311 messiah
8rR44uHHo1I-00249-00052312-00052630 and a few verses later isaiah 9 6 we
8rR44uHHo1I-00250-00052632-00052679 read
8rR44uHHo1I-00251-00052679-00053023 for unto us a child is born unto us the
8rR44uHHo1I-00252-00053024-00053054 son
8rR44uHHo1I-00253-00053055-00053247 is given and the government will be upon
8rR44uHHo1I-00254-00053248-00053407 his shoulder and his name will be called
8rR44uHHo1I-00255-00053408-00053711 wonderful counselor mighty god
8rR44uHHo1I-00256-00053712-00053975 everlasting father prince of peace and
8rR44uHHo1I-00257-00053976-00054150 that same light of the presence of the
8rR44uHHo1I-00258-00054151-00054238 glory of god
8rR44uHHo1I-00259-00054239-00054566 was present even when the birth of jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00260-00054567-00054654 was announced
8rR44uHHo1I-00261-00054655-00054926 we read in luke 2 9 and an angel of the
8rR44uHHo1I-00262-00054927-00054982 lord
8rR44uHHo1I-00263-00054983-00055182 suddenly stood before them and the glory
8rR44uHHo1I-00264-00055183-00055303 of the lord
8rR44uHHo1I-00265-00055304-00055694 shone around them so just imagine
8rR44uHHo1I-00266-00055695-00055999 you're in this crowd you just had the
8rR44uHHo1I-00267-00056000-00056182 feast of tabernacles you just had the
8rR44uHHo1I-00268-00056183-00056366 celebration of the light going on for
8rR44uHHo1I-00269-00056367-00056487 seven days
8rR44uHHo1I-00270-00056488-00056703 and they've been there for this
8rR44uHHo1I-00271-00056704-00056942 week-long celebration and now
8rR44uHHo1I-00272-00056944-00057199 the one that they were celebrating tied
8rR44uHHo1I-00273-00057200-00057319 it all together for them
8rR44uHHo1I-00274-00057320-00057615 saying i am the light of the world he
8rR44uHHo1I-00275-00057616-00057726 who follows me
8rR44uHHo1I-00276-00057727-00057903 shall not walk in darkness but have the
8rR44uHHo1I-00277-00057904-00058038 light of life
8rR44uHHo1I-00278-00058039-00058326 this was an awesome time and place to be
8rR44uHHo1I-00279-00058327-00058430 and
8rR44uHHo1I-00280-00058432-00058575 as i've caught myself saying a lot
8rR44uHHo1I-00281-00058576-00058750 lately in these studies but
8rR44uHHo1I-00282-00058751-00059135 wait there's more in classic jewish
8rR44uHHo1I-00283-00059136-00059207 thought
8rR44uHHo1I-00284-00059208-00059535 not only was the shekinah glory present
8rR44uHHo1I-00285-00059536-00059838 in the tabernacle or the temple but
8rR44uHHo1I-00286-00059839-00059982 in the talmud that's the jewish
8rR44uHHo1I-00287-00059983-00060271 teacher's interpretations of the torah
8rR44uHHo1I-00288-00060272-00060550 it was also said that this glory was
8rR44uHHo1I-00289-00060551-00060735 present in other situations
8rR44uHHo1I-00290-00060736-00060863 and here are some of the ones that are
8rR44uHHo1I-00291-00060864-00061071 supported by the text of the hebrew
8rR44uHHo1I-00292-00061072-00061166 scriptures
8rR44uHHo1I-00293-00061167-00061375 it was said when people study the torah
8rR44uHHo1I-00294-00061376-00061615 the book the books of moses
8rR44uHHo1I-00295-00061616-00061903 the shekinah is among them now still
8rR44uHHo1I-00296-00061904-00062023 today
8rR44uHHo1I-00297-00062024-00062175 i think that's true i believe when a
8rR44uHHo1I-00298-00062176-00062350 person reads the bible
8rR44uHHo1I-00299-00062351-00062606 whether it's in a written form whether
8rR44uHHo1I-00300-00062607-00062759 it's printed out on a page
8rR44uHHo1I-00301-00062760-00062950 whether it's in electronic form on your
8rR44uHHo1I-00302-00062951-00063087 phone
8rR44uHHo1I-00303-00063088-00063319 i think believe when god when person
8rR44uHHo1I-00304-00063320-00063447 reads the bible god
8rR44uHHo1I-00305-00063448-00063687 is the and the holy spirit is present
8rR44uHHo1I-00306-00063688-00063919 speaking through the words there
8rR44uHHo1I-00307-00063920-00064111 now it's also said that when ten are
8rR44uHHo1I-00308-00064112-00064247 gathered for prayer
8rR44uHHo1I-00309-00064248-00064463 this was from the talmud when ten are
8rR44uHHo1I-00310-00064464-00064559 gathered for prayer
8rR44uHHo1I-00311-00064560-00064863 the shekinah rests now jesus clarified
8rR44uHHo1I-00312-00064864-00065054 that in matthew 18
8rR44uHHo1I-00313-00065055-00065430 verses 19 to 20 that 10 wasn't necessary
8rR44uHHo1I-00314-00065432-00065735 he said again i say to you that if two
8rR44uHHo1I-00315-00065736-00065911 of you agree on earth concerning
8rR44uHHo1I-00316-00065912-00066071 anything they ask
8rR44uHHo1I-00317-00066072-00066255 it will be done for them by my father in
8rR44uHHo1I-00318-00066256-00066471 heaven for where two or three are
8rR44uHHo1I-00319-00066472-00066679 gathered together in my name
8rR44uHHo1I-00320-00066680-00066950 i am there in the midst of them see how
8rR44uHHo1I-00321-00066951-00067143 this all ties together
8rR44uHHo1I-00322-00067144-00067415 now they was also said that when three
8rR44uHHo1I-00323-00067416-00067591 people sat together as judges
8rR44uHHo1I-00324-00067592-00067806 as the law required a court had to have
8rR44uHHo1I-00325-00067807-00067967 three judges back then
8rR44uHHo1I-00326-00067968-00068238 or when a man is sick or when the jews
8rR44uHHo1I-00327-00068239-00068326 were exiled
8rR44uHHo1I-00328-00068327-00068679 the glory went with them now i found one
8rR44uHHo1I-00329-00068680-00068815 other time
8rR44uHHo1I-00330-00068816-00069143 that the shekinah glory the chicago
8rR44uHHo1I-00331-00069144-00069247 light
8rR44uHHo1I-00332-00069248-00069599 is reported to be present and this
8rR44uHHo1I-00333-00069600-00069838 was when a man and a woman are
8rR44uHHo1I-00334-00069839-00070087 faithfully married
8rR44uHHo1I-00335-00070088-00070271 it was said that the divine present
8rR44uHHo1I-00336-00070272-00070438 rests between them
8rR44uHHo1I-00337-00070439-00070711 as they have their relations together if
8rR44uHHo1I-00338-00070712-00070767 they throw
8rR44uHHo1I-00339-00070768-00070959 off that faithfulness the fire of the
8rR44uHHo1I-00340-00070960-00071071 shekinah glory
8rR44uHHo1I-00341-00071072-00071287 does not provide light but instead the
8rR44uHHo1I-00342-00071288-00071638 fire consumes them and is deadly to them
8rR44uHHo1I-00343-00071639-00071926 it's an interesting way this is put this
8rR44uHHo1I-00344-00071927-00072015 was in the
8rR44uHHo1I-00345-00072016-00072350 in the talmud and following the episode
8rR44uHHo1I-00346-00072351-00072438 of
8rR44uHHo1I-00347-00072439-00072638 forgiveness for the woman who had thrown
8rR44uHHo1I-00348-00072639-00072847 that faithfulness off of her married
8rR44uHHo1I-00349-00072848-00073006 that's what really stuck out to me about
8rR44uHHo1I-00350-00073007-00073199 jesus saying at that point
8rR44uHHo1I-00351-00073200-00073382 i am the light of the world he who
8rR44uHHo1I-00352-00073383-00073567 follows me shall not walk in darkness
8rR44uHHo1I-00353-00073568-00073726 but have the light of life
8rR44uHHo1I-00354-00073727-00074038 he had not condemned this woman to death
8rR44uHHo1I-00355-00074039-00074287 but this holy fire the presence of god
8rR44uHHo1I-00356-00074288-00074367 in jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00357-00074368-00074647 did not consume her but rather he
8rR44uHHo1I-00358-00074648-00074782 granted her
8rR44uHHo1I-00359-00074783-00075087 the light of life eternal life
8rR44uHHo1I-00360-00075088-00075326 as will anyone who for who walks
8rR44uHHo1I-00361-00075327-00075431 following him
8rR44uHHo1I-00362-00075432-00075615 i thought that was so incredible they
8rR44uHHo1I-00363-00075616-00075806 shall not walk in darkness
8rR44uHHo1I-00364-00075807-00076119 no wonder the writer says later in john
8rR44uHHo1I-00365-00076120-00076367 1 john 1 5 he says this is a message we
8rR44uHHo1I-00366-00076368-00076487 have heard from him
8rR44uHHo1I-00367-00076488-00076791 and announced to you that god is light
8rR44uHHo1I-00368-00076792-00077087 and in him there is no darkness at all
8rR44uHHo1I-00369-00077088-00077335 you know when jesus forgives you
8rR44uHHo1I-00370-00077336-00077582 in god's sight it's a complete wiping
8rR44uHHo1I-00371-00077583-00077671 away
8rR44uHHo1I-00372-00077672-00077982 of any wrongdoing when i'm justified by
8rR44uHHo1I-00373-00077983-00078103 faith in jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00374-00078104-00078367 it really does mean that god looks at me
8rR44uHHo1I-00375-00078368-00078511 just as
8rR44uHHo1I-00376-00078512-00078847 just as if i'd never wronged him just as
8rR44uHHo1I-00377-00078848-00079103 if i'd never sinned at all
8rR44uHHo1I-00378-00079104-00079367 that's like how i remember justified
8rR44uHHo1I-00379-00079368-00079615 means just as if i'd never sinned
8rR44uHHo1I-00380-00079616-00079871 and that forgiveness doesn't just cancel
8rR44uHHo1I-00381-00079872-00079967 the penalty
8rR44uHHo1I-00382-00079968-00080199 the punishment for sin it cancels a sin
8rR44uHHo1I-00383-00080200-00080279 out
8rR44uHHo1I-00384-00080280-00080535 the shekinah glory would once again
8rR44uHHo1I-00385-00080536-00080687 shine between this
8rR44uHHo1I-00386-00080688-00081087 once sinful woman and her husband
8rR44uHHo1I-00387-00081088-00081359 and only god can do that and he does do
8rR44uHHo1I-00388-00081360-00081406 that
8rR44uHHo1I-00389-00081407-00081647 and he wants to do that in our lives in
8rR44uHHo1I-00390-00081648-00081775 our relationships
8rR44uHHo1I-00391-00081776-00081967 uh in anything that's been damaged by
8rR44uHHo1I-00392-00081968-00082111 the sin that we've done
8rR44uHHo1I-00393-00082112-00082399 uh maybe among others or in our you know
8rR44uHHo1I-00394-00082400-00082559 to other people
8rR44uHHo1I-00395-00082560-00082831 he wants us also let others know that he
8rR44uHHo1I-00396-00082832-00082982 wants to do that for them
8rR44uHHo1I-00397-00082983-00083271 in other people's lives psalm 103 verse
8rR44uHHo1I-00398-00083272-00083375 12 tells us
8rR44uHHo1I-00399-00083376-00083679 as far as the east is from the west
8rR44uHHo1I-00400-00083680-00083926 so far has he removed our transgressions
8rR44uHHo1I-00401-00083927-00084023 from us
8rR44uHHo1I-00402-00084024-00084247 what a great picture when god forgives
8rR44uHHo1I-00403-00084248-00084359 us
8rR44uHHo1I-00404-00084360-00084575 he will never connect us with our sins
8rR44uHHo1I-00405-00084576-00084726 again
8rR44uHHo1I-00406-00084727-00084903 the east is that way the west is that
8rR44uHHo1I-00407-00084904-00085191 way they're not going to meet
8rR44uHHo1I-00408-00085192-00085350 go around the planet i can stand on the
8rR44uHHo1I-00409-00085351-00085503 other side of the earth
8rR44uHHo1I-00410-00085504-00085662 and i can do the same thing each is that
8rR44uHHo1I-00411-00085663-00085815 way west is that way they're
8rR44uHHo1I-00412-00085816-00086150 they never connect each other so
8rR44uHHo1I-00413-00086151-00086406 it's amazing you know just as god is
8rR44uHHo1I-00414-00086407-00086487 literally dead
8rR44uHHo1I-00415-00086488-00086806 serious about wickedness and how wrong
8rR44uHHo1I-00416-00086807-00087103 sin is he's just as serious about
8rR44uHHo1I-00417-00087104-00087206 forgiving us
8rR44uHHo1I-00418-00087207-00087487 and forgetting our sins and yes this is
8rR44uHHo1I-00419-00087488-00087671 despite the fact that he does know how
8rR44uHHo1I-00420-00087672-00087750 terrible
8rR44uHHo1I-00421-00087751-00088079 our sin really is in chapter 31 of
8rR44uHHo1I-00422-00088080-00088167 jeremiah
8rR44uHHo1I-00423-00088168-00088543 we read in verses 31 34 behold the days
8rR44uHHo1I-00424-00088544-00088687 are coming says the lord
8rR44uHHo1I-00425-00088688-00088862 when i will make a new covenant with the
8rR44uHHo1I-00426-00088863-00089062 house of israel and with the house of
8rR44uHHo1I-00427-00089063-00089135 judah
8rR44uHHo1I-00428-00089136-00089271 not according to the covenant that i
8rR44uHHo1I-00429-00089272-00089438 made with their fathers in that day
8rR44uHHo1I-00430-00089439-00089615 i took them by the hand to lead them out
8rR44uHHo1I-00431-00089616-00089767 of the land of egypt
8rR44uHHo1I-00432-00089768-00090023 my covenant which they broke so i was a
8rR44uHHo1I-00433-00090024-00090238 husband to them says the lord
8rR44uHHo1I-00434-00090239-00090455 but this is the covenant that i will
8rR44uHHo1I-00435-00090456-00090623 make with the house of israel
8rR44uHHo1I-00436-00090624-00090847 after those days says the lord i will
8rR44uHHo1I-00437-00090848-00091023 put my law in their minds
8rR44uHHo1I-00438-00091024-00091199 i will write it on their hearts and i
8rR44uHHo1I-00439-00091200-00091382 will be their god and they shall be my
8rR44uHHo1I-00440-00091383-00091471 people
8rR44uHHo1I-00441-00091472-00091615 no more shall every man teach his
8rR44uHHo1I-00442-00091616-00091767 neighbor and every man his brother
8rR44uHHo1I-00443-00091768-00091847 saying
8rR44uHHo1I-00444-00091848-00092118 know the lord for they shall all know me
8rR44uHHo1I-00445-00092119-00092287 from the least of them to the greatest
8rR44uHHo1I-00446-00092288-00092415 of them says the lord
8rR44uHHo1I-00447-00092416-00092638 for i will forgive their iniquity and
8rR44uHHo1I-00448-00092639-00092718 their sin
8rR44uHHo1I-00449-00092719-00093062 i will remember no more
8rR44uHHo1I-00450-00093063-00093382 now i think that is so cool because
8rR44uHHo1I-00451-00093383-00093591 you don't have a feeling this woman that
8rR44uHHo1I-00452-00093592-00093774 had been forgiven this was not the last
8rR44uHHo1I-00453-00093775-00094111 time we see the forgiven woman talking
8rR44uHHo1I-00454-00094112-00094231 i don't think this is the last time she
8rR44uHHo1I-00455-00094232-00094431 talked with jesus i feel she may have
8rR44uHHo1I-00456-00094432-00094471 become an
8rR44uHHo1I-00457-00094472-00094718 avid follower of jesus being so very
8rR44uHHo1I-00458-00094719-00094791 grateful
8rR44uHHo1I-00459-00094792-00095038 for this forgiveness and if she had
8rR44uHHo1I-00460-00095039-00095159 later come
8rR44uHHo1I-00461-00095160-00095399 to jesus and said lord remember when i
8rR44uHHo1I-00462-00095400-00095574 committed that horrible sin and the
8rR44uHHo1I-00463-00095575-00095711 leaders brought
8rR44uHHo1I-00464-00095712-00096174 me before you and he'd say no i don't
8rR44uHHo1I-00465-00096175-00096303 and she said of course you remember
8rR44uHHo1I-00466-00096304-00096462 that's when i first met you they quoted
8rR44uHHo1I-00467-00096463-00096591 moses law
8rR44uHHo1I-00468-00096592-00096806 and asked what would you say you don't
8rR44uHHo1I-00469-00096807-00096974 remember you don't remember that
8rR44uHHo1I-00470-00096975-00097238 that do you he'd say i remember the
8rR44uHHo1I-00471-00097239-00097343 accusers
8rR44uHHo1I-00472-00097344-00097662 but not your sin i've forgiven you and i
8rR44uHHo1I-00473-00097663-00097926 have absolutely no recollection of that
8rR44uHHo1I-00474-00097927-00098103 that's awesome that's what we're talking
8rR44uHHo1I-00475-00098104-00098271 about here the light shines in the
8rR44uHHo1I-00476-00098272-00098462 darkness the darkness can never put out
8rR44uHHo1I-00477-00098463-00098550 that light
8rR44uHHo1I-00478-00098551-00098750 when you're forgiven you're changed for
8rR44uHHo1I-00479-00098751-00098959 eternity
8rR44uHHo1I-00480-00098960-00099247 what better news is there than this
8rR44uHHo1I-00481-00099248-00099343 let's share it with
8rR44uHHo1I-00482-00099344-00099582 as many people as we can and there's so
8rR44uHHo1I-00483-00099583-00099711 much more in that scripture
8rR44uHHo1I-00484-00099712-00099903 we've talked about god's light before
8rR44uHHo1I-00485-00099904-00100047 especially in the beginning of the book
8rR44uHHo1I-00486-00100048-00100118 of john
8rR44uHHo1I-00487-00100119-00100374 we'll talk about more aspects of it uh
8rR44uHHo1I-00488-00100375-00100543 further as we go down
8rR44uHHo1I-00489-00100544-00100782 the road and uh you know it's really
8rR44uHHo1I-00490-00100783-00100918 quite illuminating
8rR44uHHo1I-00491-00100919-00101231 to the nature of god okay it's a little
8rR44uHHo1I-00492-00101232-00101287 pun but
8rR44uHHo1I-00493-00101288-00101591 it still works so let's see what happens
8rR44uHHo1I-00494-00101592-00101750 next in verse 13
8rR44uHHo1I-00495-00101751-00102062 the pharisees therefore said to him
8rR44uHHo1I-00496-00102063-00102231 you bear witness of yourself your
8rR44uHHo1I-00497-00102232-00102471 witness is not true
8rR44uHHo1I-00498-00102472-00102702 i mean this wonderful truth that we just
8rR44uHHo1I-00499-00102703-00102790 learned
8rR44uHHo1I-00500-00102791-00102966 and they're like you're not telling the
8rR44uHHo1I-00501-00102967-00103151 truth the pharisees
8rR44uHHo1I-00502-00103152-00103463 just couldn't see it they couldn't see
8rR44uHHo1I-00503-00103464-00103710 his light but it wasn't because the
8rR44uHHo1I-00504-00103711-00103799 light of jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00505-00103800-00104039 failed to shine but it was because they
8rR44uHHo1I-00506-00104040-00104190 were blind
8rR44uHHo1I-00507-00104191-00104415 the pharisees couldn't prove that jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00508-00104416-00104534 wasn't the messiah
8rR44uHHo1I-00509-00104535-00104775 that he claimed to be so they wanted to
8rR44uHHo1I-00510-00104776-00104958 change the argument
8rR44uHHo1I-00511-00104959-00105102 they want to say that jesus couldn't
8rR44uHHo1I-00512-00105103-00105263 prove himself to be the messiah he
8rR44uHHo1I-00513-00105264-00105351 didn't have
8rR44uHHo1I-00514-00105352-00105519 he did not have the witnesses to prove
8rR44uHHo1I-00515-00105520-00105719 that claim they hoped to show that he
8rR44uHHo1I-00516-00105720-00105863 was an unreliable and
8rR44uHHo1I-00517-00105864-00106223 untrustworthy witness but verse 14
8rR44uHHo1I-00518-00106224-00106407 jesus came right back to him verse 14
8rR44uHHo1I-00519-00106408-00106647 jesus answered and said to him even if i
8rR44uHHo1I-00520-00106648-00106790 bear witness of myself
8rR44uHHo1I-00521-00106791-00107175 my witness is true for
8rR44uHHo1I-00522-00107176-00107447 i know where i came from and where i am
8rR44uHHo1I-00523-00107448-00107543 going
8rR44uHHo1I-00524-00107544-00107775 but you do not know where i come from
8rR44uHHo1I-00525-00107776-00108031 and where i am going
8rR44uHHo1I-00526-00108032-00108302 jesus agreed that a man a man's
8rR44uHHo1I-00527-00108303-00108510 testimony regarding himself could not be
8rR44uHHo1I-00528-00108511-00108719 established as true as we steadily
8rR44uHHo1I-00529-00108720-00108951 studied a few chapters back nevertheless
8rR44uHHo1I-00530-00108952-00109078 jesus pointed out that he
8rR44uHHo1I-00531-00109079-00109302 was qualified to give testimony about
8rR44uHHo1I-00532-00109303-00109439 himself because he
8rR44uHHo1I-00533-00109440-00109799 and not they had a view of eternity
8rR44uHHo1I-00534-00109800-00110039 where he came from from the eternity
8rR44uHHo1I-00535-00110040-00110190 past where he's going to
8rR44uHHo1I-00536-00110191-00110551 eternity future jesus can also testify
8rR44uHHo1I-00537-00110552-00110702 about himself because he
8rR44uHHo1I-00538-00110703-00110966 and not they judged righteously as we've
8rR44uHHo1I-00539-00110967-00111054 discussed before
8rR44uHHo1I-00540-00111055-00111334 in the previous chapter and jesus added
8rR44uHHo1I-00541-00111335-00111463 in verse 15
8rR44uHHo1I-00542-00111464-00111727 you judge according to the flesh i judge
8rR44uHHo1I-00543-00111728-00111839 no one
8rR44uHHo1I-00544-00111840-00112223 see they these religious leaders there
8rR44uHHo1I-00545-00112224-00112431 they'd set themselves up as judges and
8rR44uHHo1I-00546-00112432-00112615 in their fleshly view
8rR44uHHo1I-00547-00112616-00112790 they condemned that jesus they were
8rR44uHHo1I-00548-00112791-00112990 saying jesus was born in galilee so he
8rR44uHHo1I-00549-00112991-00113102 couldn't be the messiah
8rR44uHHo1I-00550-00113103-00113247 the messiah was supposed to be born in
8rR44uHHo1I-00551-00113248-00113454 bethlehem
8rR44uHHo1I-00552-00113455-00113734 but they were wrong jesus also countered
8rR44uHHo1I-00553-00113735-00113934 that he could testify about himself
8rR44uHHo1I-00554-00113935-00114039 because his time
8rR44uHHo1I-00555-00114040-00114295 his testimony was fully supported by god
8rR44uHHo1I-00556-00114296-00114375 the father
8rR44uHHo1I-00557-00114376-00114639 and in verse 16 we read and yet if i do
8rR44uHHo1I-00558-00114640-00114695 judge
8rR44uHHo1I-00559-00114696-00114990 my judgment is true for i am not alone
8rR44uHHo1I-00560-00114991-00115151 but i am with the father
8rR44uHHo1I-00561-00115152-00115463 who sent me our lord here is speaking
8rR44uHHo1I-00562-00115464-00115566 exactly
8rR44uHHo1I-00563-00115567-00115871 like an ambassador would an ambassador
8rR44uHHo1I-00564-00115872-00116031 does not bring a second person to the
8rR44uHHo1I-00565-00116032-00116190 table with them to vouch for
8rR44uHHo1I-00566-00116191-00116375 for his truth and for his representation
8rR44uHHo1I-00567-00116376-00116519 of the the king
8rR44uHHo1I-00568-00116520-00116783 his credentials from the king ascertain
8rR44uHHo1I-00569-00116783-00116902 his character
8rR44uHHo1I-00570-00116903-00117127 he completely represents the king to the
8rR44uHHo1I-00571-00117128-00117327 ones he is sent to speak with
8rR44uHHo1I-00572-00117328-00117710 so our lord alone represents father god
8rR44uHHo1I-00573-00117711-00117934 as bearing witness to him now back in
8rR44uHHo1I-00574-00117935-00118015 chapter five
8rR44uHHo1I-00575-00118016-00118239 jesus had actually shown the same people
8rR44uHHo1I-00576-00118240-00118327 that there are at least
8rR44uHHo1I-00577-00118328-00118631 five witnesses of him including two
8rR44uHHo1I-00578-00118632-00118823 different and independently verified
8rR44uHHo1I-00579-00118824-00118871 ways
8rR44uHHo1I-00580-00118872-00119110 that god the father had testified
8rR44uHHo1I-00581-00119111-00119199 specifically of
8rR44uHHo1I-00582-00119200-00119510 jesus but this day there were a lot of
8rR44uHHo1I-00583-00119511-00119623 people there are probably still
8rR44uHHo1I-00584-00119624-00119758 thousands of people
8rR44uHHo1I-00585-00119759-00119927 there at the temple they were being
8rR44uHHo1I-00586-00119928-00120071 taught they were needing to hear more of
8rR44uHHo1I-00587-00120072-00120199 his teachings he didn't go into all
8rR44uHHo1I-00588-00120200-00120423 those details again
8rR44uHHo1I-00589-00120424-00120686 he knew who was questioning him as well
8rR44uHHo1I-00590-00120688-00120734 and
8rR44uHHo1I-00591-00120735-00120863 he wanted to make sure that everyone
8rR44uHHo1I-00592-00120864-00121039 else there knew that he was well within
8rR44uHHo1I-00593-00121040-00121134 the law
8rR44uHHo1I-00594-00121135-00121399 the jewish law of evidence and so he
8rR44uHHo1I-00595-00121400-00121543 continued in verse
8rR44uHHo1I-00596-00121544-00121831 17 and 18. it is also written in your
8rR44uHHo1I-00597-00121832-00121902 law
8rR44uHHo1I-00598-00121903-00122199 that the testimony of two men is true i
8rR44uHHo1I-00599-00122200-00122407 am one who bears witness of myself
8rR44uHHo1I-00600-00122408-00122695 and the father who sent me bears witness
8rR44uHHo1I-00601-00122696-00122839 of me
8rR44uHHo1I-00602-00122840-00123063 so if the jews were demanding the two
8rR44uHHo1I-00603-00123064-00123166 witnesses
8rR44uHHo1I-00604-00123167-00123383 be there to satisfy the jewish laws of
8rR44uHHo1I-00605-00123383-00123495 evidence
8rR44uHHo1I-00606-00123496-00123743 they were there they existed they are
8rR44uHHo1I-00607-00123744-00123814 jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00608-00123815-00124134 and his father god so what they do
8rR44uHHo1I-00609-00124135-00124286 they came back the first part of verse
8rR44uHHo1I-00610-00124288-00124551 19 then they said to him
8rR44uHHo1I-00611-00124552-00124910 where is your father
8rR44uHHo1I-00612-00124911-00125199 i think it was a little snide there here
8rR44uHHo1I-00613-00125200-00125302 the opponents
8rR44uHHo1I-00614-00125303-00125639 of christ knowing that he spoke of god
8rR44uHHo1I-00615-00125640-00125839 they thought they'd throw in they'd be
8rR44uHHo1I-00616-00125840-00126007 they present some scandalous
8rR44uHHo1I-00617-00126008-00126247 innuendo about him and probably wanted
8rR44uHHo1I-00618-00126248-00126399 to see him squirm
8rR44uHHo1I-00619-00126400-00126790 where is your father they were obviously
8rR44uHHo1I-00620-00126791-00126910 here at this point
8rR44uHHo1I-00621-00126911-00127247 questioning the legitimacy of the virgin
8rR44uHHo1I-00622-00127248-00127327 birth
8rR44uHHo1I-00623-00127328-00127527 ignoring the many supernatural signs
8rR44uHHo1I-00624-00127528-00127766 that had surrounded his birth
8rR44uHHo1I-00625-00127767-00128031 and these signs were not mysterious they
8rR44uHHo1I-00626-00128032-00128134 were not
8rR44uHHo1I-00627-00128135-00128375 secret they were well known throughout
8rR44uHHo1I-00628-00128376-00128558 all of jerusalem and had been for
8rR44uHHo1I-00629-00128559-00128734 decades by this time
8rR44uHHo1I-00630-00128735-00128878 and i've actually searched i went
8rR44uHHo1I-00631-00128879-00129071 through spent a lot of time
8rR44uHHo1I-00632-00129072-00129343 looking for historical records where
8rR44uHHo1I-00633-00129344-00129454 anyone else
8rR44uHHo1I-00634-00129455-00129631 was questioning the virgin birth of
8rR44uHHo1I-00635-00129632-00129758 jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00636-00129759-00129986 now i didn't find anything for at least
8rR44uHHo1I-00637-00129988-00130190 150 years
8rR44uHHo1I-00638-00130191-00130463 after jesus left the earth after
8rR44uHHo1I-00639-00130464-00130719 christ's ascension
8rR44uHHo1I-00640-00130720-00130975 except for these passages where the
8rR44uHHo1I-00641-00130976-00131223 jewish leaders were implying that
8rR44uHHo1I-00642-00131224-00131647 now why weren't people disputing this
8rR44uHHo1I-00643-00131648-00132007 well first there's mary she was there
8rR44uHHo1I-00644-00132008-00132302 i mean she could tell people she told
8rR44uHHo1I-00645-00132303-00132407 people the truth
8rR44uHHo1I-00646-00132408-00132551 then her contemporaries that were
8rR44uHHo1I-00647-00132552-00132807 eyewitnesses to mary's integrity
8rR44uHHo1I-00648-00132808-00132999 they knew her well enough they knew how
8rR44uHHo1I-00649-00133000-00133183 good she was they knew she would not
8rR44uHHo1I-00650-00133184-00133351 persist in lying about
8rR44uHHo1I-00651-00133352-00133623 jesus conception all the way through her
8rR44uHHo1I-00652-00133624-00133735 entire life
8rR44uHHo1I-00653-00133736-00133951 we're not sure how long mary lived but
8rR44uHHo1I-00654-00133952-00134102 then there were also
8rR44uHHo1I-00655-00134103-00134439 younger people who heard the story
8rR44uHHo1I-00656-00134440-00134623 they went to mary probably even as an
8rR44uHHo1I-00657-00134624-00134743 older lady you know
8rR44uHHo1I-00658-00134744-00134951 hey tell me about what happened and she
8rR44uHHo1I-00659-00134952-00135175 would tell them is that really true and
8rR44uHHo1I-00660-00135176-00135351 she would assure them that yes it was
8rR44uHHo1I-00661-00135352-00135559 true and all the wonderful things about
8rR44uHHo1I-00662-00135560-00135775 jesus were really true
8rR44uHHo1I-00663-00135776-00136078 and and then they lived a long time
8rR44uHHo1I-00664-00136079-00136207 after jesus after
8rR44uHHo1I-00665-00136208-00136519 after mary's death so after all of them
8rR44uHHo1I-00666-00136520-00136647 had died out
8rR44uHHo1I-00667-00136648-00136927 over 150 years later finally there was a
8rR44uHHo1I-00668-00136928-00137166 writer that questioned the virgin birth
8rR44uHHo1I-00669-00137167-00137343 and it was a greek philosopher whose
8rR44uHHo1I-00670-00137344-00137471 name we don't even need to mention
8rR44uHHo1I-00671-00137472-00137590 because he wasn't worth
8rR44uHHo1I-00672-00137591-00137895 mentioning but the only reason we know
8rR44uHHo1I-00673-00137896-00138047 we don't even have any of his writings
8rR44uHHo1I-00674-00138048-00138223 but we do know
8rR44uHHo1I-00675-00138224-00138414 a couple of things about him he was a
8rR44uHHo1I-00676-00138415-00138607 greek philosopher and he
8rR44uHHo1I-00677-00138608-00138783 pretty much attacked everything that
8rR44uHHo1I-00678-00138784-00138927 christians believed in he
8rR44uHHo1I-00679-00138928-00139151 he misunderstood and hated christianity
8rR44uHHo1I-00680-00139152-00139311 attacked what they believed in
8rR44uHHo1I-00681-00139312-00139487 and we wouldn't have heard about him
8rR44uHHo1I-00682-00139488-00139614 except he was mentioned
8rR44uHHo1I-00683-00139615-00139814 a hundred years after that by a
8rR44uHHo1I-00684-00139815-00139966 christian apologist
8rR44uHHo1I-00685-00139967-00140175 who was countering some false beliefs
8rR44uHHo1I-00686-00140176-00140327 and he just happened to mention
8rR44uHHo1I-00687-00140328-00140502 this particular person had said that
8rR44uHHo1I-00688-00140503-00140678 there was not a virgin birth
8rR44uHHo1I-00689-00140679-00140863 and that you know he made up some
8rR44uHHo1I-00690-00140864-00141014 stories about him and he said that's not
8rR44uHHo1I-00691-00141015-00141054 true
8rR44uHHo1I-00692-00141055-00141311 we know from the witnesses that we had
8rR44uHHo1I-00693-00141312-00141471 back in the first century
8rR44uHHo1I-00694-00141472-00141807 that this was a true thing so
8rR44uHHo1I-00695-00141808-00142111 i found it amazing through history we're
8rR44uHHo1I-00696-00142112-00142343 almost 20 centuries later
8rR44uHHo1I-00697-00142344-00142726 and now in the last 100 years or so
8rR44uHHo1I-00698-00142727-00142935 the enemy has filled the hearts of many
8rR44uHHo1I-00699-00142936-00143039 people
8rR44uHHo1I-00700-00143040-00143311 and many church leaders that's that
8rR44uHHo1I-00701-00143312-00143414 mystifies me
8rR44uHHo1I-00702-00143415-00143719 many people in many churches deny the
8rR44uHHo1I-00703-00143720-00143959 miraculous birth of jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00704-00143960-00144207 but it's no surprise because what are we
8rR44uHHo1I-00705-00144208-00144271 in now
8rR44uHHo1I-00706-00144272-00144454 i believe we're in the last days second
8rR44uHHo1I-00707-00144455-00144631 timothy 3 1 tells us
8rR44uHHo1I-00708-00144632-00144878 but know this in the last days perilous
8rR44uHHo1I-00709-00144879-00145007 times will come
8rR44uHHo1I-00710-00145008-00145263 verse 5 describes men as having a form
8rR44uHHo1I-00711-00145264-00145623 of godliness but denying its power
8rR44uHHo1I-00712-00145624-00145951 from such people turn away and in verse
8rR44uHHo1I-00713-00145952-00145990 7
8rR44uHHo1I-00714-00145991-00146175 saying they always are learning but
8rR44uHHo1I-00715-00146176-00146414 never able to come to the knowledge
8rR44uHHo1I-00716-00146415-00146719 of the truth it sounds like the leaders
8rR44uHHo1I-00717-00146720-00146943 the religious leaders in jesus day as
8rR44uHHo1I-00718-00146944-00147063 well
8rR44uHHo1I-00719-00147064-00147183 and it sounds like some of those that
8rR44uHHo1I-00720-00147184-00147463 are coming back today in these last days
8rR44uHHo1I-00721-00147464-00147631 anyway the pharisees in our texts were
8rR44uHHo1I-00722-00147632-00147887 really fighting a losing battle
8rR44uHHo1I-00723-00147888-00148239 continuing reading in verse 19
8rR44uHHo1I-00724-00148240-00148431 then they said to him where is your
8rR44uHHo1I-00725-00148432-00148671 father jesus answered
8rR44uHHo1I-00726-00148672-00148990 you know neither me nor my father
8rR44uHHo1I-00727-00148991-00149183 if you had known me you would have known
8rR44uHHo1I-00728-00149184-00149431 my father also
8rR44uHHo1I-00729-00149432-00149751 now there's not a punch line here but i
8rR44uHHo1I-00730-00149752-00149999 i have to laugh just a little bit here
8rR44uHHo1I-00731-00150000-00150326 you know jesus was so cool
8rR44uHHo1I-00732-00150327-00150519 because you know we we're going to see
8rR44uHHo1I-00733-00150520-00150719 the the discussion heating up a little
8rR44uHHo1I-00734-00150720-00150854 bit
8rR44uHHo1I-00735-00150855-00151102 next time we in the next teaching but
8rR44uHHo1I-00736-00151103-00151166 here
8rR44uHHo1I-00737-00151167-00151447 jesus instantly turned the tables around
8rR44uHHo1I-00738-00151448-00151702 on them with some wit and some charm
8rR44uHHo1I-00739-00151703-00151943 the pharisees had intended to get jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00740-00151944-00152054 all riled up
8rR44uHHo1I-00741-00152055-00152287 implying he was an illegitimate earthly
8rR44uHHo1I-00742-00152288-00152375 child
8rR44uHHo1I-00743-00152376-00152495 but they knew that he was really
8rR44uHHo1I-00744-00152496-00152726 speaking that of god being his father
8rR44uHHo1I-00745-00152727-00152975 and then boom he hit these people these
8rR44uHHo1I-00746-00152976-00153263 men who had taken so much pride
8rR44uHHo1I-00747-00153264-00153551 that they knew god so he called their
8rR44uHHo1I-00748-00153552-00153654 bluff
8rR44uHHo1I-00749-00153655-00153911 jesus made it clear that they didn't
8rR44uHHo1I-00750-00153912-00154054 even know his father
8rR44uHHo1I-00751-00154055-00154407 they're saying where is your father
8rR44uHHo1I-00752-00154408-00154654 and so he's like you don't even know him
8rR44uHHo1I-00753-00154655-00154790 you don't even know god
8rR44uHHo1I-00754-00154791-00155063 that is god the father i think jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00755-00155064-00155183 meant this is kind of a
8rR44uHHo1I-00756-00155184-00155454 very respectful slap in the face of
8rR44uHHo1I-00757-00155455-00155551 these men
8rR44uHHo1I-00758-00155552-00155799 when he said that so to anyone who
8rR44uHHo1I-00759-00155800-00155926 really studies and
8rR44uHHo1I-00760-00155927-00156095 and understands the hebrew scriptures
8rR44uHHo1I-00761-00156096-00156287 the true identity of jesus becomes
8rR44uHHo1I-00762-00156288-00156383 crystal clear
8rR44uHHo1I-00763-00156384-00156599 there's no doubts there's no questions
8rR44uHHo1I-00764-00156600-00156766 you know he was god he was the son of
8rR44uHHo1I-00765-00156767-00156887 god he was divine
8rR44uHHo1I-00766-00156888-00157143 and when they acted dumb to him and said
8rR44uHHo1I-00767-00157144-00157278 where is your father
8rR44uHHo1I-00768-00157279-00157487 jesus took that opening to respond y'all
8rR44uHHo1I-00769-00157488-00157623 don't have a clue
8rR44uHHo1I-00770-00157624-00157919 and the way he did it i don't think
8rR44uHHo1I-00771-00157920-00158054 there was any response that could have
8rR44uHHo1I-00772-00158055-00158207 made
8rR44uHHo1I-00773-00158208-00158407 them even be able to save face they they
8rR44uHHo1I-00774-00158408-00158583 didn't couldn't say anything
8rR44uHHo1I-00775-00158584-00158807 and i do want to point out something
8rR44uHHo1I-00776-00158808-00159095 jesus was not being mean here
8rR44uHHo1I-00777-00159096-00159247 i want to point out that jesus knew that
8rR44uHHo1I-00778-00159248-00159487 these people were not asking honest
8rR44uHHo1I-00779-00159488-00159702 questions they were not open to the
8rR44uHHo1I-00780-00159703-00159878 truth otherwise he would
8rR44uHHo1I-00781-00159879-00160102 at least try to teach them so and we
8rR44uHHo1I-00782-00160103-00160431 read what happened in verse 20
8rR44uHHo1I-00783-00160432-00160654 these words jesus spoke of the treasury
8rR44uHHo1I-00784-00160655-00160790 as he taught the temple
8rR44uHHo1I-00785-00160791-00160990 and no one laid hands on him for his
8rR44uHHo1I-00786-00160991-00161143 hour had not yet come
8rR44uHHo1I-00787-00161144-00161383 see this all was happening in a very
8rR44uHHo1I-00788-00161384-00161478 most open
8rR44uHHo1I-00789-00161479-00161711 public area where everyone saw and heard
8rR44uHHo1I-00790-00161712-00161790 everything
8rR44uHHo1I-00791-00161791-00161935 and even though the leaders had been
8rR44uHHo1I-00792-00161936-00162111 plotting to kill jesus and wanted to
8rR44uHHo1I-00793-00162112-00162214 take him down
8rR44uHHo1I-00794-00162215-00162478 it wasn't yet god's timing so it said no
8rR44uHHo1I-00795-00162479-00162639 one laid hands on him
8rR44uHHo1I-00796-00162640-00162943 and in verse 21 jesus said to them again
8rR44uHHo1I-00797-00162944-00163159 i am going away and you will seek me and
8rR44uHHo1I-00798-00163160-00163326 you will die in your sin
8rR44uHHo1I-00799-00163327-00163631 where i go you cannot come so the jews
8rR44uHHo1I-00800-00163632-00163702 said
8rR44uHHo1I-00801-00163703-00163887 will he kill himself because he says
8rR44uHHo1I-00802-00163888-00164199 where i go you cannot come
8rR44uHHo1I-00803-00164200-00164551 now we see it over and over but once
8rR44uHHo1I-00804-00164552-00164623 again
8rR44uHHo1I-00805-00164624-00164911 the jewish leaders here were gaslighting
8rR44uHHo1I-00806-00164912-00165199 he'd spoken of these things before
8rR44uHHo1I-00807-00165200-00165423 he's going to speak of them again and
8rR44uHHo1I-00808-00165424-00165654 this was really just an insult to him
8rR44uHHo1I-00809-00165655-00165975 when they said will he kill himself see
8rR44uHHo1I-00810-00165976-00166183 the jews of jesus day taught that
8rR44uHHo1I-00811-00166184-00166454 the lowest level of hades was reserved
8rR44uHHo1I-00812-00166455-00166575 for those
8rR44uHHo1I-00813-00166576-00166702 who took their own life for those who
8rR44uHHo1I-00814-00166703-00166887 killed themselves and so they're
8rR44uHHo1I-00815-00166888-00167047 twisting jesus words
8rR44uHHo1I-00816-00167048-00167231 to imply that he's going to kill himself
8rR44uHHo1I-00817-00167232-00167351 and he's going to go to the worst part
8rR44uHHo1I-00818-00167352-00167423 of hell
8rR44uHHo1I-00819-00167424-00167575 where surely they're going to go because
8rR44uHHo1I-00820-00167576-00167759 they were so righteous
8rR44uHHo1I-00821-00167760-00168102 and in reality the opposite was true
8rR44uHHo1I-00822-00168103-00168414 and jesus quickly explains in verse
8rR44uHHo1I-00823-00168415-00168735 23 and he said to them you
8rR44uHHo1I-00824-00168736-00169095 are from beneath i am from above
8rR44uHHo1I-00825-00169096-00169390 you are of this world i am not of this
8rR44uHHo1I-00826-00169391-00169487 world
8rR44uHHo1I-00827-00169488-00169647 therefore i said to you that you will
8rR44uHHo1I-00828-00169648-00169863 die in your sins for if you do not
8rR44uHHo1I-00829-00169864-00170031 believe that i am he
8rR44uHHo1I-00830-00170032-00170390 you will die in your sins
8rR44uHHo1I-00831-00170391-00170671 a lot of powerful implications in this
8rR44uHHo1I-00832-00170672-00170878 verse when jesus says something once
8rR44uHHo1I-00833-00170879-00171063 and it's recorded in scripture we know
8rR44uHHo1I-00834-00171064-00171263 it's very very important
8rR44uHHo1I-00835-00171264-00171463 but when he says something over and over
8rR44uHHo1I-00836-00171464-00171590 and over again
8rR44uHHo1I-00837-00171591-00171783 it's incredibly important beyond what we
8rR44uHHo1I-00838-00171784-00171919 can comprehend
8rR44uHHo1I-00839-00171920-00172143 and you may not have even caught this
8rR44uHHo1I-00840-00172144-00172319 some of you did i think
8rR44uHHo1I-00841-00172320-00172566 let me read what he said three times
8rR44uHHo1I-00842-00172567-00172702 here
8rR44uHHo1I-00843-00172703-00173007 i am from above i am
8rR44uHHo1I-00844-00173008-00173383 not of this world i am he
8rR44uHHo1I-00845-00173384-00173719 i am yes i looked it up
8rR44uHHo1I-00846-00173720-00173935 yes this is a phrase that no jew would
8rR44uHHo1I-00847-00173936-00174119 use
8rR44uHHo1I-00848-00174120-00174366 okay the phrase was reserved only for
8rR44uHHo1I-00849-00174367-00174487 the name of god
8rR44uHHo1I-00850-00174488-00174743 three times in this explanation jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00851-00174744-00174943 clearly tells them that he is god
8rR44uHHo1I-00852-00174944-00175126 and that's why there's such a contrast
8rR44uHHo1I-00853-00175127-00175254 in their final outcomes
8rR44uHHo1I-00854-00175255-00175502 he is god they refuse to believe in him
8rR44uHHo1I-00855-00175503-00175711 they cannot fellowship together with him
8rR44uHHo1I-00856-00175712-00175807 forever
8rR44uHHo1I-00857-00175808-00176111 in paradise then they reject him
8rR44uHHo1I-00858-00176112-00176454 period but then after that
8rR44uHHo1I-00859-00176455-00176726 look at what they asked next verse 25
8rR44uHHo1I-00860-00176727-00176902 then they said to him
8rR44uHHo1I-00861-00176903-00177254 who are you and jesus said to them
8rR44uHHo1I-00862-00177255-00177407 just what i've been saying to you from
8rR44uHHo1I-00863-00177408-00177687 the beginning i have many things to say
8rR44uHHo1I-00864-00177688-00177871 and to judge concerning you but he who
8rR44uHHo1I-00865-00177872-00177999 sent me is true
8rR44uHHo1I-00866-00178000-00178166 and i speak to the world those things
8rR44uHHo1I-00867-00178167-00178383 which i heard from him
8rR44uHHo1I-00868-00178384-00178702 now as we alluded to earlier some
8rR44uHHo1I-00869-00178703-00178766 questions
8rR44uHHo1I-00870-00178767-00179087 are asked to help find the truth
8rR44uHHo1I-00871-00179088-00179366 but some are used to resist coming to
8rR44uHHo1I-00872-00179367-00179399 know
8rR44uHHo1I-00873-00179400-00179535 the truth the full knowledge of the
8rR44uHHo1I-00874-00179536-00179711 truth now look at the questions that
8rR44uHHo1I-00875-00179712-00179895 were asked here in this chapter
8rR44uHHo1I-00876-00179896-00180159 by these people that were against jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00877-00180160-00180343 first one moses commanded that such
8rR44uHHo1I-00878-00180344-00180614 should be stoned but what did you say
8rR44uHHo1I-00879-00180615-00180919 trying to trap jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00880-00180920-00181238 then where is your father implying that
8rR44uHHo1I-00881-00181239-00181343 jesus had
8rR44uHHo1I-00882-00181344-00181559 illegitimate birth and will he kill
8rR44uHHo1I-00883-00181560-00181671 himself
8rR44uHHo1I-00884-00181672-00181871 again implying that jesus would have the
8rR44uHHo1I-00885-00181872-00182063 most severe punishment possible
8rR44uHHo1I-00886-00182064-00182414 then who are you or who are you anyway
8rR44uHHo1I-00887-00182415-00182726 when he had clearly told them see
8rR44uHHo1I-00888-00182727-00182983 jesus had no new answers and he told
8rR44uHHo1I-00889-00182984-00183047 them that
8rR44uHHo1I-00890-00183048-00183214 he was also saying that that's why they
8rR44uHHo1I-00891-00183215-00183359 would die in their sins because they
8rR44uHHo1I-00892-00183360-00183399 will
8rR44uHHo1I-00893-00183400-00183614 not believe they refuse to believe and
8rR44uHHo1I-00894-00183615-00183831 he expressed again his dependence
8rR44uHHo1I-00895-00183832-00184151 on god the father for all that he speaks
8rR44uHHo1I-00896-00184152-00184383 then i think we read a very sad verse in
8rR44uHHo1I-00897-00184384-00184559 verse 27 it says
8rR44uHHo1I-00898-00184560-00184814 they did not understand that he spoke to
8rR44uHHo1I-00899-00184815-00185119 them of the father
8rR44uHHo1I-00900-00185120-00185351 and the reason i think this is so sad is
8rR44uHHo1I-00901-00185352-00185511 because they
8rR44uHHo1I-00902-00185512-00185863 simply misunderstanding
8rR44uHHo1I-00903-00185864-00186135 is not why there was a disagreement here
8rR44uHHo1I-00904-00186136-00186207 this was not
8rR44uHHo1I-00905-00186208-00186550 unintentional ignorance this was a
8rR44uHHo1I-00906-00186551-00186671 purposeful
8rR44uHHo1I-00907-00186672-00186975 stubborn refusal to see the truth
8rR44uHHo1I-00908-00186976-00187223 and as jesus said in john 7 17 only
8rR44uHHo1I-00909-00187224-00187414 those who want to do the will of god
8rR44uHHo1I-00910-00187415-00187702 can truly understand his words and it
8rR44uHHo1I-00911-00187703-00187943 means simply that a person's attitude
8rR44uHHo1I-00912-00187944-00188135 is more powerful in their mind and in
8rR44uHHo1I-00913-00188136-00188326 their lives than the evidence of the
8rR44uHHo1I-00914-00188327-00188375 truth
8rR44uHHo1I-00915-00188376-00188678 they see the pharisees
8rR44uHHo1I-00916-00188679-00188966 did not want to know jesus and that's
8rR44uHHo1I-00917-00188967-00189102 why they could not understand his
8rR44uHHo1I-00918-00189103-00189214 message
8rR44uHHo1I-00919-00189215-00189543 as we wrap up today and finish up
8rR44uHHo1I-00920-00189544-00189790 i have a simple question for you do you
8rR44uHHo1I-00921-00189791-00189887 want to do
8rR44uHHo1I-00922-00189888-00190199 the will of god or do you want to seek
8rR44uHHo1I-00923-00190200-00190399 your own way
8rR44uHHo1I-00924-00190400-00190735 one leads to life everlasting the other
8rR44uHHo1I-00925-00190736-00190887 to destruction
8rR44uHHo1I-00926-00190888-00191175 so choose wisely if you need forgiveness
8rR44uHHo1I-00927-00191176-00191335 today for walking your own path
8rR44uHHo1I-00928-00191336-00191623 or walking in your own selfish ways take
8rR44uHHo1I-00929-00191624-00191814 a moment and ask god to forgive you
8rR44uHHo1I-00930-00191815-00192038 he's more than willing to accept you
8rR44uHHo1I-00931-00192039-00192135 where you're at
8rR44uHHo1I-00932-00192136-00192454 to teach you his ways believe in jesus
8rR44uHHo1I-00933-00192455-00192663 he died on the cross so you could ask
8rR44uHHo1I-00934-00192664-00192887 him to forgive you of your sins
8rR44uHHo1I-00935-00192888-00193095 and he will and he will give you the
8rR44uHHo1I-00936-00193096-00193287 power to live right
8rR44uHHo1I-00937-00193288-00193511 the right way every day and we all need
8rR44uHHo1I-00938-00193512-00193614 him in our lives
8rR44uHHo1I-00939-00193615-00193919 don't we as i close i'd like to pray a
8rR44uHHo1I-00940-00193920-00194166 blessing over you from god's word
8rR44uHHo1I-00941-00194167-00194390 the lord bless you and keep you the lord
8rR44uHHo1I-00942-00194391-00194590 make his face to shine upon you
8rR44uHHo1I-00943-00194591-00194847 and be gracious to you the lord lift up
8rR44uHHo1I-00944-00194848-00195014 his countenance upon you and give you
8rR44uHHo1I-00945-00195015-00195095 peace
8rR44uHHo1I-00946-00195096-00195254 in the powerful name of yeshua
8rR44uHHo1I-00947-00195255-00195487 hamashiach our lord and savior
8rR44uHHo1I-00948-00195488-00195799 jesus the christ amen thank you for
8rR44uHHo1I-00949-00195800-00196232 being with us today