SMnxmjYP95E-00000-00000000-00000478 Anonymous asks, "What is the easiest way to generate a paper wallet securely?" SMnxmjYP95E-00001-00000478-00000776 There is no easy way to generate a paper wallet securely. SMnxmjYP95E-00002-00000776-00001526 You should probably be using a hardware wallet, not a paper wallet. If you can't afford a hardware wallet, SMnxmjYP95E-00003-00001526-00001792 then you don't have enough money to secure. SMnxmjYP95E-00004-00001792-00002868 You can buy a hardware wallet for [between $30 and $200]; if you have less than $30... SMnxmjYP95E-00005-00002868-00003311 and you want to secure it, a paper wallet is not a good solution. SMnxmjYP95E-00006-00003311-00004432 A properly secured smartphone with a Secure Element, and [mobile] wallet backed up with a mnemonic phrase, SMnxmjYP95E-00007-00004432-00005510 with a PIN and an encrypted file system, is far more secure than whatever scheme you could come up with. SMnxmjYP95E-00008-00005510-00006464 "Could you elaborate on possible or feasible tier levels for storing bitcoin, how to technically manage them?" SMnxmjYP95E-00009-00006464-00006820 "Hardware wallets, encrypted backups, and BIP-38 etc." SMnxmjYP95E-00010-00006820-00007608 I would suggest that, for storing bitcoin, you do not try to build your own scheme. SMnxmjYP95E-00011-00007608-00008884 That is the first rule. Do not roll your own crypto! You will fail. People tend to over-estimate the risk of theft... SMnxmjYP95E-00012-00008884-00009572 versus the risk of loss due to technical failure, process failure, or backup failure. SMnxmjYP95E-00013-00009572-00010122 Most people are much more likely to lose bitcoin because they lose access to their keys. SMnxmjYP95E-00014-00010122-00010898 They encrypted them or concealed them in such a way that they couldn't [recover] them years later. SMnxmjYP95E-00015-00010898-00011556 People are much more likely to lose [their bitcoin] that way, than to lose because it was stolen. SMnxmjYP95E-00016-00011556-00012436 That being said, you should have your [bitcoin] in stored in tiers. SMnxmjYP95E-00017-00012436-00012944 Don't [put] all of your money in an easily accessible hot wallet. SMnxmjYP95E-00018-00012944-00013828 That is just as stupid as walking around with all of your savings as cash in your back pocket. SMnxmjYP95E-00019-00013828-00014291 I usually suggest that people have two or three tiers. SMnxmjYP95E-00020-00014291-00014954 The first tier is a hot wallet. Most likely, it will be a smartphone wallet. SMnxmjYP95E-00021-00014954-00015541 Your smartphone should be properly secured. You should turn on encryption and a large complex PIN. SMnxmjYP95E-00022-00015541-00016466 You should not allow your phone to be unlocked only by fingerprint. Require another factor like a PIN.. SMnxmjYP95E-00023-00016466-00016916 that you have memorized, but do not use a simple PIN that you have used elsewhere. SMnxmjYP95E-00024-00016916-00017316 You should use two-factor authentication [on any smartphone wallet with an account system]. SMnxmjYP95E-00025-00017316-00018016 [Ideally], use wallets that store the keys locally, and then make a backup of the mnemonic seed. SMnxmjYP95E-00026-00018016-00018490 When you backup seeds, you should store those in the locations that you can physically secure. SMnxmjYP95E-00027-00018490-00019046 For many people, that means opening a safe deposit box at a private vault or a bank. SMnxmjYP95E-00028-00019046-00019976 Or it means installing a safe in your house. If you can't do that, your seed [will] just be [laying] around. SMnxmjYP95E-00029-00019976-00020640 You need to get a fireproof safe [at least], so you can protect it from fire, flood, and environmental damage. SMnxmjYP95E-00030-00020640-00021570 You should probably also consider using a fairly simple passphrase in addition to your BIP-39 seed; SMnxmjYP95E-00031-00021570-00022528 follow the standards as much as possible, like BIP-39 used for mnemonic seeds between 12 to 24 words. SMnxmjYP95E-00032-00022528-00023380 It is a good standard that balances security and reliability. You should use it as it is. SMnxmjYP95E-00033-00023380-00023884 You should create a seed on a hardware device or on your smartphone, depending on whether... SMnxmjYP95E-00034-00023884-00024282 you are doing a cold storage tier or a more warm wallet tier. SMnxmjYP95E-00035-00024282-00025518 Then record that seed on paper with pencil or pen, and then apply some cold laminate to seal it... SMnxmjYP95E-00036-00025518-00026394 between two sheets of plastic with glue; this is better than hot laminate, which degrades the paper and ink, SMnxmjYP95E-00037-00026394-00026556 but that is good too. SMnxmjYP95E-00038-00026556-00027122 [You want to] laminate it so it can't [be damaged by] water, or put it in a sealed bag. SMnxmjYP95E-00039-00027122-00027500 I like to use tamper-evident bags that you can buy from Amazon. SMnxmjYP95E-00040-00027500-00028250 They are opaque. Once you seal them, they can't be opened without it being obvious the bag was opened. SMnxmjYP95E-00041-00028250-00028900 That protects it from water damage too. Then store that [bag or laminated paper] in a fireproof safe. SMnxmjYP95E-00042-00028900-00029382 [Also, create] multiple copies, not just one. Store them in two different locations at a distance from each other. SMnxmjYP95E-00043-00029382-00029970 Use a passphrase in addition to your seed if you can't find a secure location for your seed [copies]. SMnxmjYP95E-00044-00029970-00030248 The passphrase should be simple. SMnxmjYP95E-00045-00030248-00030886 [Maybe] give that passphrase to one other person who doesn't have the seed; if something happens to you, SMnxmjYP95E-00046-00030886-00031377 they can recover [your bitcoin] by following [your] estate planning [instructions]. SMnxmjYP95E-00047-00031377-00031748 If you use a hardware wallet, you still need to backup the seed. SMnxmjYP95E-00048-00031748-00032338 Then you could keep the hardware wallet with a good PIN, [stored] in your home for example. SMnxmjYP95E-00049-00032338-00032754 You could even take it with you when you travel. I don't, but you could. SMnxmjYP95E-00050-00032754-00032984 Use [a hardware wallet] as your cold storage [tier]. SMnxmjYP95E-00051-00032984-00033652 For the ultimate in cold cold storage, you could generate the seeds on a hardware wallet, SMnxmjYP95E-00052-00033652-00034168 preferably with a multi-sig [setup], [send a test] transaction, then wipe all the hardware devices. SMnxmjYP95E-00053-00034168-00034894 That way, your keys only exist as a set of seeds backed up [on paper and stored] in multiple secure locations. SphHZzTOwIy-00000-00000000-00000200 ដោះខ្វាក់កូនបៅមិនកើតតើអាចជួយបានទេ SO9lpII0c_o-00000-00000473-00000760 The Statement of Cash Flows is divided into three categories: SO9lpII0c_o-00001-00000760-00001173 operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. SO9lpII0c_o-00002-00001173-00001600 This video will focus on the Financing Activities section. SO9lpII0c_o-00003-00001600-00002103 Financing activities relate to transactions effecting cash inflows and outflows SO9lpII0c_o-00004-00002103-00002460 for long-term liabilities and equity. SO9lpII0c_o-00005-00002460-00002990 These areas are sometimes called debt financing and equity financing SO9lpII0c_o-00006-00002990-00003506 and are the two ways businesses can finance their long-term assets. SO9lpII0c_o-00007-00003506-00004060 In order to prepare a Statement of Cash Flows, we need some financial information. SO9lpII0c_o-00008-00004060-00004400 Specifically, we need a current year’s Income Statement, SO9lpII0c_o-00009-00004400-00004616 a comparative Balance Sheet, SO9lpII0c_o-00010-00004616-00004893 and some additional financial data. SO9lpII0c_o-00011-00004893-00005363 A comparative Balance Sheet is just a balance sheet that compares two years of data. SO9lpII0c_o-00012-00005363-00005733 So let’s use the example of Apu’s Quick-E-Mart. SO9lpII0c_o-00013-00005733-00006026 Here is the Income Statement we will reference. SO9lpII0c_o-00014-00006026-00006663 Here is the comparative Balance Sheet and you can see the years 2015 and 2016. SO9lpII0c_o-00015-00006663-00006923 And finally some additional financial data. SO9lpII0c_o-00016-00006923-00007253 Many assignments you might encounter will provide this information to you SO9lpII0c_o-00018-00007546-00008186 in case you run into a problem that doesn’t present all the pertinent financial data needed. SO9lpII0c_o-00019-00008186-00008766 The items highlighted in red are those that relate to long-term liabilities and equity. SO9lpII0c_o-00020-00008766-00009090 So a partial Statement of Cash Flows is shown here. SO9lpII0c_o-00021-00009090-00009610 The financing activities section is shown directly after the investing activities section. SO9lpII0c_o-00022-00009610-00010016 I’ve identified a couple of items that will go into this section. SO9lpII0c_o-00023-00010016-00010613 The first item I’ve identified is some information about the issuance of common stock. SO9lpII0c_o-00024-00010613-00011313 The issuance of common stock for $2,600 is added in the financing activities section SO9lpII0c_o-00025-00011313-00011776 because cash is being received in exchange for stock. SO9lpII0c_o-00026-00011776-00012150 The next item is a dividend payment of $100. SO9lpII0c_o-00027-00012150-00012506 Since cash is being paid for dividends, SO9lpII0c_o-00028-00012506-00012946 $100 is deducted in the financing activities section. SO9lpII0c_o-00029-00012946-00013153 And actually that is it for this section. SO9lpII0c_o-00030-00013153-00013713 But let me explain why the other long-term liability item isn’t listed here. SO9lpII0c_o-00031-00013713-00014126 We issued Bonds in exchange for PP&E. SO9lpII0c_o-00032-00014126-00014653 I’ve shown the journal entry here so you can see that the Cash account is not involved. SO9lpII0c_o-00033-00014653-00015090 In fact, this is called a non-cash investing and financing transaction, SO9lpII0c_o-00034-00015090-00015796 and there is a separate video that explains how these are reported on the Statement of Cash Flows. SO9lpII0c_o-00035-00015796-00016026 Finally, you may encounter questions SO9lpII0c_o-00036-00016026-00016550 in which you are not given all the information you need with the additional financial data. SO9lpII0c_o-00037-00016550-00016750 When this happens, I strongly encourage you SO9lpII0c_o-00038-00016750-00017120 to write out the T accounts with the data you know, SO9lpII0c_o-00039-00017120-00017550 and then start to solve for what you weren’t given. SO9lpII0c_o-00040-00017550-00018116 Here I’ve listed the beginning and ending balances related to common stock. SO9lpII0c_o-00041-00018116-00018383 So I can solve for the missing amounts SO9lpII0c_o-00042-00018383-00019000 and determine that the total of the stock issuance was $2,600. SO9lpII0c_o-00043-00019000-00019430 Another common example you may encounter a question SO9lpII0c_o-00044-00019430-00019913 in which either Net Income or Dividends is not provided. SO9lpII0c_o-00045-00019913-00020366 However, if we know one of these amounts, we can figure out the other. SO9lpII0c_o-00046-00020366-00020856 In our example, we know Net Income is $6,100. SO9lpII0c_o-00047-00020856-00021470 So dividends must be $100 to make the Retained Earnings account balance. SO9lpII0c_o-00048-00021470-00021790 Finally here is what our Statement of Cash Flows looks like SO9lpII0c_o-00049-00021790-00022233 after the completing the operating, investing, and financing activities sections. SO9lpII0c_o-00050-00022233-00022966 You see we have positive net cash flow from financing activities of $2,500. SO9lpII0c_o-00051-00022966-00023376 Investors and creditors don’t really have expectations about this section SO9lpII0c_o-00052-00023376-00023896 other than growth companies tend to have positive cash flows SO9lpII0c_o-00053-00023896-00024576 while more mature businesses generally have negative cash flows from investing activities. SO9lpII0c_o-00054-00024576-00024983 This is because the growth companies need cash to grow SO9lpII0c_o-00055-00024983-00025803 while mature business pay out cash in the form of dividends or in liability reduction. SO9lpII0c_o-00056-00025803-00026270 So please watch the video “Completing the Statement of Cash Flows – Indirect Method” SO9lpII0c_o-00057-00026270-00026610 to see how this information is all brought together. SOn7sK0jcLE-00000-00000015-00000566 Hi everyone, this is Gideon Cordover here and I'm speaking to you on April the 8th SOn7sK0jcLE-00001-00000566-00001011 2020, a day which unfortunately in Tasmania is marked in infamy because SOn7sK0jcLE-00002-00001011-00001367 this is the day that the state government has reclassified a huge SOn7sK0jcLE-00003-00001367-00001800 swathe of land - 356,000 hectares of native forests SOn7sK0jcLE-00004-00001800-00002250 in Tasmania has been re-classified as the so-called 'Future Potential SOn7sK0jcLE-00005-00002250-00002600 Production Forest', which basically means that they're opening up this land, making SOn7sK0jcLE-00006-00002600-00002984 it available to the logging industry to sew destruction. So, I've written down SOn7sK0jcLE-00007-00002984-00003438 a few notes and so excuse me if I'm looking from side to side as I read SOn7sK0jcLE-00008-00003438-00004113 to you the message that I want to give about this very dire situation. This area SOn7sK0jcLE-00009-00004113-00004473 of three hundred fifty six thousand hectares is an area equivalent to four SOn7sK0jcLE-00010-00004473-00004863 times the size of Canberra. Now, you've got to understand that the state government SOn7sK0jcLE-00011-00004863-00005370 already allows logging all across Tasmania. There is eight hundred thousand SOn7sK0jcLE-00012-00005370-00005838 hectares of 'Permanent Timber Production Zone'. So to give you an idea of how much SOn7sK0jcLE-00013-00005838-00006213 land that is - it's certainly more than enough land to provide all the timber SOn7sK0jcLE-00014-00006213-00006759 that Tasmania could ever need - 800,000 hectares. Think about it this way: How SOn7sK0jcLE-00015-00006759-00007179 much land is it? If you take the square kilometers of Singapore - so think about SOn7sK0jcLE-00016-00007179-00007914 Singapore - of Tonga, of Bahrain, of Luxembourg, and of Hong Kong, put them all SOn7sK0jcLE-00017-00007914-00008295 together side by side that's how much land it is that they already have SOn7sK0jcLE-00018-00008295-00008805 available to them for logging and yet today, on this very day, April the 8th SOn7sK0jcLE-00019-00008805-00009361 2020, the state government has given an extra 40 percent SOn7sK0jcLE-00020-00009361-00009994 of land to be made available to the logging industry. 40% on top of what they SOn7sK0jcLE-00021-00009994-00010327 already had which was more than enough timber than we could ever use in Tasmania. SOn7sK0jcLE-00022-00010327-00010725 So what are we losing with this decision? Well, we're not just losing the SOn7sK0jcLE-00023-00010725-00011116 approximate 1.3 billion dollars in public funds that have been used to SOn7sK0jcLE-00024-00011116-00011440 subsidize the logging industry - what is a fundamentally economically unviable SOn7sK0jcLE-00025-00011440-00012019 industry over the years. It's not just the estimated 450 million dollars that SOn7sK0jcLE-00026-00012019-00012496 was given to the logging industry as part of The Forest Agreement to protect SOn7sK0jcLE-00027-00012496-00013176 those lands. No, we're losing much more than just the money. We're losing time. SOn7sK0jcLE-00028-00013176-00014022 We're losing time to slow the extinction and biodiversity climate crisis. We're SOn7sK0jcLE-00029-00014022-00014701 losing time. Did you know that the 356,000 hectares that have been opened up SOn7sK0jcLE-00030-00014701-00015144 today those forests contain an estimated 12 million tons of carbon dioxide SOn7sK0jcLE-00031-00015144-00015706 equivalent. So that is - to offset that amount of carbon that will be released SOn7sK0jcLE-00032-00015706-00016066 by logging that area of forest in Tasmania to offset that amount of carbon SOn7sK0jcLE-00033-00016066-00016398 we would have to take one in four cars off the road in Australia every year. It SOn7sK0jcLE-00034-00016398-00016894 is greater than the amount of carbon pollution created by the entire SOn7sK0jcLE-00035-00016894-00017679 Australian domestic aviation industry. This is an incredible amount of carbon SOn7sK0jcLE-00036-00017679-00017931 dioxide equivalent that's going to be pumped into the atmosphere as a result SOn7sK0jcLE-00037-00017931-00018495 of logging these forests which will exacerbate the climate emergency. SOn7sK0jcLE-00038-00018495-00019248 And for what? When the IPCC tells us that we have 10 years left. When the bushfires SOn7sK0jcLE-00039-00019248-00019578 are worse than ever, when the storm surges are worse, and the floods and the SOn7sK0jcLE-00040-00019578-00019970 droughts, when they're getting worse. When we see 20 degrees Celsius days in SOn7sK0jcLE-00041-00019970-00020510 Antarctica. What do we get for logging Tasmania's native forests? SOn7sK0jcLE-00042-00020511-00020910 When Australia already has the highest rate of mammalian extinction in the SOn7sK0jcLE-00043-00020910-00021552 world, what do we get for destroying the last vestiges of native forests in SOn7sK0jcLE-00044-00021552-00021981 Tasmania - for opening up this huge area of native forests in Tasmania? Well, a few SOn7sK0jcLE-00045-00021981-00022299 private profit-seekers get to make a few more dollars of profit for them and SOn7sK0jcLE-00046-00022299-00022728 their mates and we get nothing. Nothing but more destruction, more carbon SOn7sK0jcLE-00047-00022728-00023295 pollution, more extinction. They take these beautiful trees, these SOn7sK0jcLE-00048-00023295-00023728 high conservation value trees, this habitat for the grey goshawk and the spotted quoll SOn7sK0jcLE-00049-00023728-00024090 and the Tasmanian Tiger [Devil] the Wedge-tailed eagle and the Swift Parrot, they take SOn7sK0jcLE-00050-00024090-00024576 these trees, they chop them down and some of it goes into woodchips and 60% of the SOn7sK0jcLE-00051-00024576-00025254 biomass of those precious trees gets burnt. It's burnt on the ground as debris, SOn7sK0jcLE-00052-00025254-00025719 sending carbon dioxide up into the atmosphere to make the climate crisis SOn7sK0jcLE-00053-00025719-00026043 worse. Now, what does this have to do with my SOn7sK0jcLE-00054-00026043-00026379 role as a Greens Councillor on Kingborough Council? SOn7sK0jcLE-00055-00026379-00026943 Well, it's going to happen on our land. I'm talking about Bruny Island and SOn7sK0jcLE-00056-00026943-00027220 talking about The Channel. SOn7sK0jcLE-00057-00027235-00027769 it's 4909 hectares on South Bruny in and around Adventure Bay and just south of SOn7sK0jcLE-00058-00027769-00028207 Alonnah and just on the outskirts of Lunawanna. This area is being opened up as SOn7sK0jcLE-00059-00028207-00028594 part of the so-called Future Potential Production Forests. You can visit forests4climate.com.au SOn7sK0jcLE-00060-00028594-00028927 there's an interactive map there where you can see SOn7sK0jcLE-00061-00028927-00029467 exactly the areas near you that are made available to logging. Can you believe SOn7sK0jcLE-00062-00029467-00029860 that today, on this very day, the state government of Tasmania has allowed for SOn7sK0jcLE-00063-00029860-00030247 an additional nearly five thousand hectares of native forests on Bruny SOn7sK0jcLE-00064-00030247-00030816 Island to be logged. That's an area double the size of Tuvalu. SOn7sK0jcLE-00065-00030816-00031494 and in The Channel there's areas near Birches Bay just behind Flowerpot. These SOn7sK0jcLE-00066-00031494-00031806 are areas that are going to be opened up to logging. Not to mention all across the SOn7sK0jcLE-00067-00031806-00032202 rest of this state. These lands belong to all Tasmanians. They don't just belong to SOn7sK0jcLE-00068-00032202-00032598 a private profit seeker to make a short-term gain and destroy it SOn7sK0jcLE-00069-00032598-00033042 for generations to come. Now, I've heard people say that, you know, timber is a SOn7sK0jcLE-00070-00033042-00033537 renewable resource but they never talk about on what timescale, on what time SOn7sK0jcLE-00071-00033537-00034061 horizon are we talking? So you take a habitat tree that is in a SOn7sK0jcLE-00072-00034061-00034352 biodiversity corridor nearly a hundred years old and it's gonna be ready for a SOn7sK0jcLE-00073-00034352-00034718 wedge-tailed eagle to nest in it in a decade or twos time. You take that tree, you SOn7sK0jcLE-00074-00034718-00035444 chop it down and then you burn 60% of the biomass of that tree. You burn the SOn7sK0jcLE-00075-00035444-00035795 land around it. You destroy everything nearby from the smallest fungi to the SOn7sK0jcLE-00076-00035795-00036293 largest, the tallest flowering plant on planet Earth. You destroy everything. You SOn7sK0jcLE-00077-00036293-00036698 wreck the place. And then you plant a seedling. SOn7sK0jcLE-00078-00036698-00037169 and in 150 years time that seedling might be ready to have a Wedgie nest in SOn7sK0jcLE-00079-00037169-00037520 it, but you're, of course, going to destroy it again before it ever reaches that SOn7sK0jcLE-00080-00037520-00037994 stage. And you call that renewable?! The Swift Parrot does not have another SOn7sK0jcLE-00081-00037994-00038498 hundred years to wait. A Masked Owl will not nest in a seedling, and a SOn7sK0jcLE-00082-00038498-00038950 Tasmanian devil won't breed among saplings. SOn7sK0jcLE-00083-00039000-00039429 You might as well say, using that false logic, you might as well say that coal is SOn7sK0jcLE-00084-00039429-00039687 a renewable resource because, after all, the coal is going to come back SOn7sK0jcLE-00085-00039687-00039921 eventually. Might take a couple hundred million years, but it'll come back SOn7sK0jcLE-00086-00039921-00040371 eventually. It's renewable. It's laughable. It's laughable what we're losing. We need SOn7sK0jcLE-00087-00040371-00040852 to open our eyes to what's happened today. SOn7sK0jcLE-00088-00040852-00041500 We need to look around at all Oldina, at Lapoinya, down near the Styx. The Re-Gen SOn7sK0jcLE-00089-00041500-00041910 burns are happening this week, they happened last week - we've got photographs. SOn7sK0jcLE-00090-00041910-00042375 They're not stopping. Just because you and I are cooped up at home because of the SOn7sK0jcLE-00091-00042375-00042807 the pandemic crisis, the logging industry is not stopping. The state government isn't SOn7sK0jcLE-00092-00042807-00043269 stopping. So we need to raise our voices together to tell the government that SOn7sK0jcLE-00093-00043269-00043775 native forests logging in Tasmania must end. SOn7sK0jcLE-00094-00043837-00044563 How could they take Bruny - South Bruny, the Styx, the Blue Tier, Wielangta, the SOn7sK0jcLE-00095-00044563-00044974 wild Mersey, Ben Lomond, Douglas Apsley the Chain of Lagoons on the East Coast, SOn7sK0jcLE-00096-00044974-00045331 Port Sorell, the precious to takayna/Tarkine - which should be a national park - how SOn7sK0jcLE-00097-00045331-00045718 could they take this land and destroy it? Take these beautiful carbon-rich, SOn7sK0jcLE-00098-00045718-00046413 biodiverse native forests and woodchip them. What a waste. SOn7sK0jcLE-00099-00046413-00046873 What a shameful waste. Please, I encourage you, while we're all SOn7sK0jcLE-00100-00046873-00047476 cooped up at home, visit www.forests4climate.com.au - There's an interactive SOn7sK0jcLE-00101-00047476-00047950 map there and you can see the areas that are about to be logged, that have been SOn7sK0jcLE-00102-00047950-00048370 made, as of today, made available to the logging industry. Visit forests4climate.com.au SOn7sK0jcLE-00103-00048370-00048942 and add your voice. Sign up and join the campaign. SOn7sK0jcLE-00104-00048983-00049363 We're stepping into a new world and you look at what's going on with the SOn7sK0jcLE-00105-00049363-00049834 pandemic around us. We have an opportunity now to reshape society to SOn7sK0jcLE-00106-00049834-00050453 make it the kind of place that we want. To transform the way that we live and SOn7sK0jcLE-00107-00050453-00050803 work in Tasmania. To have an economy that works for us. An economy that works for SOn7sK0jcLE-00108-00050803-00051486 society, rather than a society which slavishly works for the economy. SOn7sK0jcLE-00109-00051486-00051871 We have the opportunity now to move away from environmental destruction and SOn7sK0jcLE-00110-00051871-00052286 towards environmental remediation. SOn7sK0jcLE-00111-00052325-00052691 We have the opportunity now to transition jobs away from taking trees SOn7sK0jcLE-00112-00052691-00053108 out of the ground and instead start putting trees back in the ground so that SOn7sK0jcLE-00113-00053108-00053420 no worker is left behind. After this crisis is over SOn7sK0jcLE-00114-00053420-00053817 we don't want to go back to business as usual. SOn7sK0jcLE-00115-00053817-00054184 Business as usual in Tasmania where environmentally destructive industries SOn7sK0jcLE-00116-00054184-00054529 are propped up by government but environmentally beneficial industries SOn7sK0jcLE-00117-00054529-00054879 are left to fend for themselves. We don't want to go back to that. There's hundreds SOn7sK0jcLE-00118-00054879-00055254 of thousands of new jobs to be found in a green economy in the transition to SOn7sK0jcLE-00119-00055254-00055771 100% renewables. Hundreds of thousands of potential jobs SOn7sK0jcLE-00120-00055771-00056240 if we transform society. And the state government should be SOn7sK0jcLE-00121-00056240-00056566 working on ensuring that we transition to those rather than continuing the SOn7sK0jcLE-00122-00056566-00056972 myopic destruction of Tasmania's native forests. That needs to stop. We need to SOn7sK0jcLE-00123-00056972-00057391 protect these native forests for climate. SOn7sK0jcLE-00124-00057429-00057839 Visit forests4climate.com.au - sign up today. Tell the Liberal SOn7sK0jcLE-00125-00057839-00058244 Gutwein Government that we don't want to log Tasmania's native forests. We want SOn7sK0jcLE-00126-00058244-00058688 to protect those forests for climate. Thanks for listening, SOn7sK0jcLE-00127-00058688-00059458 stay safe and I hope to see you all again face to face someday soon SOT6wz8q4t8-00000-00000032-00000608 Welcome! In this tutorial, we’re gonna go through how to link cells in different Excel spreadsheets. SOT6wz8q4t8-00001-00000608-00001210 You’ll be able to use data from a different spreadsheet located within the same workbook, in a single file, SOT6wz8q4t8-00002-00001210-00001718 but also from a spreadsheet which is a part of a completely different Excel file. Ready to crack on? SOT6wz8q4t8-00003-00002179-00002749 Hello! And welcome to EasyClick Academy! My name’s Maria and together with our EasyClick team, SOT6wz8q4t8-00004-00002749-00003424 we’re here to make sure you’ll be able to use Excel in a quick and easy way, thanks to our digestible video tutorials. SOT6wz8q4t8-00005-00003424-00003632 To link cells within a single workbook, SOT6wz8q4t8-00006-00003632-00004116 you need to select the cell where you’d like to show the information from the other spreadsheet first. SOT6wz8q4t8-00007-00004116-00004709 Here we’ll click into C4, which is the cell where we want to display the sales for Quarter 1. SOT6wz8q4t8-00008-00004709-00005380 Let’s enter the equal sign, and now we need to open the spreadsheet with the information we want to show in this cell. SOT6wz8q4t8-00009-00005380-00005751 So, we’ll go down here and click on the sheet ‘Sales-West’, SOT6wz8q4t8-00010-00005751-00006247 which contains all the details of the western region sales for individual quarters. SOT6wz8q4t8-00011-00006247-00006978 Since we want to show only the total for Quarter 1, we’ll click on the cell C8, press Enter and that’s it! SOT6wz8q4t8-00012-00006978-00007632 The cell C4 in the spreadsheet ‘Totals-West’ shows the data from the spreadsheet ‘Sales-West’. SOT6wz8q4t8-00013-00007632-00008276 If we click into the cell C4 now, we can see the formula behind this link that Excel’s made. SOT6wz8q4t8-00014-00008276-00008829 There’s the equal sign, and after that Excel uses single quotation marks with the spreadsheet name SOT6wz8q4t8-00015-00008829-00009139 from which we’re taking the data – Sales-West. SOT6wz8q4t8-00016-00009139-00009939 Then there’s an exclamation mark followed by the coordinates of the cell that contains the information we’re using, which is C8. SOT6wz8q4t8-00017-00009939-00010156 Here’s one thing worth mentioning though. SOT6wz8q4t8-00018-00010156-00010701 There’s a little trick which can help you transfer data from other quarters from the spreadsheet ‘Sales-West’ SOT6wz8q4t8-00019-00010701-00011094 to the rest of the cells in this row in no time at all. SOT6wz8q4t8-00020-00011094-00011712 The link can simply be copied by dragging the lower right corner of the cell where we’ve already got the formula SOT6wz8q4t8-00021-00011712-00011946 through the rest of the quarters. SOT6wz8q4t8-00022-00011946-00012643 Of course, the formulas with the links works dynamically, which means if we make a change in the spreadsheet ‘Sales-West’, SOT6wz8q4t8-00023-00012643-00013281 for example, we’ll change John’s sales figure for Quarter 1, the total of sales for Quarter 1 will update SOT6wz8q4t8-00024-00013281-00013767 and this change will be reflected in the sheet containing the link – ‘Totals-West’. SOT6wz8q4t8-00025-00013767-00014562 Now, let’s move on and have a look at how to link cells in different spreadsheets located in separate Excel files. SOT6wz8q4t8-00026-00014562-00015367 As an example, we’ll use this folder with three different Excel files – the files with the sales figures for the region West and East SOT6wz8q4t8-00027-00015367-00015777 and the file for Totals that summarises all data. SOT6wz8q4t8-00028-00015777-00016532 Let’s open all three of them at once and let’s click into the file containing the totals for all sales. SOT6wz8q4t8-00029-00016532-00017339 In this spreadsheet, we’re gonna make links to the data from both regions for all four quarters stored in separate Excel files. SOT6wz8q4t8-00030-00017339-00018067 To do that, click into the selected cell, enter the equal sign, but to make links to a different Excel file, SOT6wz8q4t8-00031-00018067-00018502 you need to go to the tab View and select the option ‘Switch Windows’. SOT6wz8q4t8-00032-00018502-00019219 You’ll be provided with the list of currently opened files. Select ‘Sales-West’ to view this workbook. SOT6wz8q4t8-00033-00019219-00019993 Here we want to use the data for Quarter 1, so click on the cell C4, press Enter and here we go! SOT6wz8q4t8-00034-00019993-00021025 Excel navigated back to the file ‘Sales-Totals’ and included the Q1 value from the file ‘Sales-West’ into the cell C4, just as we wanted. SOT6wz8q4t8-00035-00021025-00021262 Let’s just give it a quick check. SOT6wz8q4t8-00036-00021262-00021957 When we click into C4 and have a look at the formula, we’ll see how Excel makes links between two files. SOT6wz8q4t8-00037-00021957-00022445 It’s slightly different from what we did a while ago when we made links within one workbook. SOT6wz8q4t8-00038-00022445-00023188 First, there’s the equal sign, but after that, there comes the file name in square brackets along with the name of the sheet, SOT6wz8q4t8-00039-00023188-00023836 all within single quotes, followed by the reference to the cell containing the information we want to display here. SOT6wz8q4t8-00040-00023836-00024443 However, if we wanted to copy this formula through all quarters here, we wouldn’t be successful. SOT6wz8q4t8-00041-00024443-00024908 You can see that the reference to the cell C4 contains these dollar signs. SOT6wz8q4t8-00042-00024908-00025286 This means that the cell reference is absolute – it’s fixed SOT6wz8q4t8-00043-00025286-00025936 and the copied formulas would contain the reference only to this particular cell, which we actually don’t want. SOT6wz8q4t8-00044-00025936-00026567 For now, we’ll remove these dollar signs and if you’d like to know more on how an absolute cell reference works, SOT6wz8q4t8-00045-00026567-00027058 you can have a look at the video tutorial on how to use absolute cell reference in Excel. SOT6wz8q4t8-00046-00027058-00027457 We’ve included the link to this tutorial in the description below. SOT6wz8q4t8-00047-00027457-00027962 Once we’ve removed the dollar signs, we can press Enter and copy the formula SOT6wz8q4t8-00048-00027962-00028400 by dragging the lower right corner of the cell across all quarters. SOT6wz8q4t8-00049-00028400-00029147 And we can repeat these steps to transfer the data from the file ‘Sales-East’ to the file with the totals. Like this. SOT6wz8q4t8-00050-00029147-00029289 There we go! SOT6wz8q4t8-00051-00029289-00030050 We’re quite sure you’ll find these two simple and easy ways to link cells in different Excel spreadsheets handy and helpful. SOT6wz8q4t8-00052-00030060-00030640 If you found this tutorial helpful, give us a like and watch other tutorials by EasyClick Academy. SOT6wz8q4t8-00053-00030640-00030967 Learn how to use Excel in a quick and easy way! SOT6wz8q4t8-00054-00030967-00031476 Is this your first time on EasyClick? We’ll be more than happy to welcome you in our online community. SOT6wz8q4t8-00055-00031476-00032024 Hit that Subscribe button and join the EasyClickers! Thanks for watching and I’ll see you in the next video! SPra4vRNjpM-00000-00001746-00002685 So, let us estimate the error term first in today, we had this is an error term. So, sum SPra4vRNjpM-00001-00002685-00003443 n going from one to infinity n by q at. SPra4vRNjpM-00002-00004530-00005124 So, here we have a very good handle on these values, SPra4vRNjpM-00003-00005226-00006188 this lambda n is bounded by log n always this is x to the c R, n to the c these are all very cleared. SPra4vRNjpM-00004-00006302-00007118 This is the slightly problematic on log x by n and the reason is that as n SPra4vRNjpM-00005-00007119-00008265 goes from one to infinity, when n comes close to x then this can become very, very small SPra4vRNjpM-00006-00008265-00008463 and therefore, the whole thing become very large. SPra4vRNjpM-00007-00008569-00009039 We have to handle that aspect little carefully; otherwise bounding this is pretty straight SPra4vRNjpM-00008-00009039-00009730 forward. So, in order to achieve that let us plate this sum into three components n SPra4vRNjpM-00009-00009730-00011678 equal to 1 to x by 2, so everything reasonably below x, plus to 3 x by 2 and plus n greater SPra4vRNjpM-00010-00011678-00012794 than 3 x. So, the first and third are pretty straightforward to estimate just let see that. SPra4vRNjpM-00011-00014326-00015269 So, here since n is always is reasonably smaller than x, the largest value that log sorry, SPra4vRNjpM-00012-00015270-00016063 this smallest value that log x by n will take is a constant, when n is exactly n x by 2 SPra4vRNjpM-00013-00016063-00016606 this would be log 2, which is the constant. So, denominator we would like to give make SPra4vRNjpM-00014-00016606-00017891 as small as possible. So, this is certainly order n going from 1 to x by 2 lambda n x SPra4vRNjpM-00015-00017891-00019623 to c divided by R into n c. And this we can this write as a x to the c by R, summation SPra4vRNjpM-00016-00019623-00020606 n going from 1 to x by 2, lambda n we can replace by log n at the most or make it even SPra4vRNjpM-00017-00020606-00021531 simpler lets take out log x. Lambda n is always less than equal to log SPra4vRNjpM-00018-00021531-00023175 x take there are also 1 by n to the c. And this sum is what? Well c we remember is greater SPra4vRNjpM-00019-00023175-00023611 than 1. So, when c is greater than 1, SPra4vRNjpM-00020-00024504-00024786 this sum actually converges actually n going from SPra4vRNjpM-00021-00024786-00025286 1 to infinity, 1 by n to the c convergence to some constant where is, so we just is. SPra4vRNjpM-00022-00025424-00025520 Similarly, SPra4vRNjpM-00023-00025964-00026088 if we look at this, SPra4vRNjpM-00024-00027045-00027439 so here again this n is substantially bigger than SPra4vRNjpM-00025-00027710-00028080 x always. So, log x by n would be SPra4vRNjpM-00026-00028706-00029604 substantially as n increases log x by n will become a larger and larger negative number SPra4vRNjpM-00027-00029605-00030062 would larger and larger and here we are taking with a absolute values we did not worry about SPra4vRNjpM-00028-00030062-00030488 positive or negative. So, again it will attain is minimum when x SPra4vRNjpM-00029-00030488-00031105 is a 3 by 2 x and again it could be a constant. So, therefore, we can again write this as SPra4vRNjpM-00030-00033074-00034762 correct and now here 1 is 2, 1 cannot substitute lambda n with log x lambda n q is keep increasing SPra4vRNjpM-00031-00034762-00035816 to infinity. This series the convergence will depends on exactly what is the value of c SPra4vRNjpM-00032-00035816-00036655 is that right, lambda n is at most log n to n good this converge, log n there is as for SPra4vRNjpM-00033-00036655-00037206 as smaller than any n to the epsilon this is going to converge anyway in does not matter SPra4vRNjpM-00034-00037206-00037448 which way you think as long as c is greater than 1. SPra4vRNjpM-00035-00037530-00038738 So, this is going to be order x to the c by R for any c bigger than x y. SPra4vRNjpM-00036-00039204-00040038 So, that thing out only the middle term, which is this sum and this we have to handle slightly more carefully. SPra4vRNjpM-00037-00042342-00043227 Now, here the log x by n sort of is within a small range of values, but the problem is SPra4vRNjpM-00038-00043227-00043658 there it can become very close to zero, it may be very close to zero and then there is SPra4vRNjpM-00039-00043658-00044046 that is not a nice. SPra4vRNjpM-00040-00044468-00045374 So, to handle that let us do the following replacement, it is again simple trick and SPra4vRNjpM-00041-00045374-00046192 this is will easily now can this in a more sensible form. If I just say SPra4vRNjpM-00042-00046722-00047318 x by n to be let us say what I want is goes SPra4vRNjpM-00043-00047318-00047926 between x by n where is between 3 by 2 to half SPra4vRNjpM-00044-00048122-00048210 right. SPra4vRNjpM-00045-00048304-00050274 So, what I want here is 1 minus z or less z I am using else it is less 1 minus s. SPra4vRNjpM-00046-00050590-00050892 So, what we get is SPra4vRNjpM-00047-00051391-00052214 that minus half is less than s less than equal to plus half SPra4vRNjpM-00048-00052478-00052678 as x n goes between x by 2 to SPra4vRNjpM-00049-00052678-00054440 3 by. So, x that is x by n. X by n, where is from 2 by 3 or 2, it is make SPra4vRNjpM-00050-00054440-00055395 n by x, it does not matter actually here just by changing the sign you can replace log x SPra4vRNjpM-00051-00055395-00056513 by n to the by log n by x and so on. Now, also for this one this once you do this log SPra4vRNjpM-00052-00056513-00057677 x by n is same as log 1 minus s and log what is log 1 minus s that is a, the standard power SPra4vRNjpM-00053-00057677-00058977 series for this which is a s plus s square by 2 plus s cube by 3 plus and so on right. SPra4vRNjpM-00054-00059100-00059876 And now, use a fact that s is in absolute value it most half. So, this is equal to s SPra4vRNjpM-00055-00059990-00061788 plus, I just say this sum of the rest of it is not going to be very large actually. SPra4vRNjpM-00056-00061912-00062879 Let just write it as s, s by 2 plus square by 3 plus 1 and since s absolute value at most SPra4vRNjpM-00057-00062880-00063925 half this will be at most first term really at most one quarter 1 by 3, 1 by 12, one quarter SPra4vRNjpM-00058-00063925-00064432 plus 1 by 12, if you take absolute sum, which is going to converge sum constant right, SPra4vRNjpM-00059-00064500-00065462 in fact is very small constant also I guess it will be less than maybe 1 actually not I guess SPra4vRNjpM-00060-00065463-00065995 I am sure it is going to be epsilon, because this is actually words in the geometric series. SPra4vRNjpM-00061-00066194-00066594 So, this is less than equal 2 s. SPra4vRNjpM-00062-00067568-00068066 This what I want now I want I want to other SPra4vRNjpM-00063-00068066-00069274 way I want I want lower bound in this. So, this would be greater than equal to well if you just take SPra4vRNjpM-00064-00070138-00071296 s and plus this much. The rest cannot reduce it, so this would be, so take the first two terms SPra4vRNjpM-00065-00071542-00071988 fine this square it always positive. So, s plus s square by 2 that is positive SPra4vRNjpM-00066-00072054-00072540 and the rest can suppose it is all negative and try to subtract out as much as you can, SPra4vRNjpM-00067-00072592-00073246 you cannot you cannot subtract all more than half s from there, because just sum of all SPra4vRNjpM-00068-00073247-00073893 of these would be at most half s. So, I am leaving out some details for your workout. SPra4vRNjpM-00069-00073893-00074445 So, these are pretty straightforward. So, basically what you get is and s at most half. SPra4vRNjpM-00070-00074445-00075253 So, this would be s by this as s could be zero also. So, let us say at most half s SPra4vRNjpM-00071-00075316-00076662 it is half. So, now, with this, we can write this as order SPra4vRNjpM-00072-00076832-00077774 summation on this things out x to the c by R summation x by 2 less than n less than equal SPra4vRNjpM-00073-00077774-00079504 to 3 by 2 x lambda n by n to the c and log x by n is replace by half of s which is SPra4vRNjpM-00074-00079856-00080192 half goes away. So, s, s is an s is SPra4vRNjpM-00075-00081074-00081274 x minus n divided by x, SPra4vRNjpM-00076-00083430-00083774 this is not quite what I want it, SPra4vRNjpM-00077-00084306-00084480 why they next coming then SPra4vRNjpM-00078-00084480-00084950 by anyway seems I cannot R of course that is right. SPra4vRNjpM-00079-00085058-00085664 Now, n is at least half x. So, this is SPra4vRNjpM-00080-00086684-00087156 n to the c, I can replace by x by 2 to the c, SPra4vRNjpM-00081-00087326-00087842 c is a constant 2 to the c goes away. So, it is x to the c below and c is greater than SPra4vRNjpM-00082-00087843-00088922 1, which cancels out with the x above. So, this is at most and this is log x, lambda SPra4vRNjpM-00083-00088922-00089896 n is since n is where is between x by 2 to 3 x by 2 this is log x by x minus n SPra4vRNjpM-00084-00091012-00091552 and as x minus as n, where is from x by 2 to the 3 by 2 x what happens to x minus n, SPra4vRNjpM-00085-00091898-00092288 yeah this is assume x is half it this is the this never zero. SPra4vRNjpM-00086-00092454-00094070 So, what happens to a, what vary x by x minus n will go from minus x by 2, 2 plus x by 2 it right what, SPra4vRNjpM-00087-00094070-00094767 so we can fold up. So, and will take half integral value say, which is again it can SPra4vRNjpM-00088-00094767-00095374 take it to be make interval little larger and make it take an integral values, because SPra4vRNjpM-00089-00095374-00096038 you can always multiply out by constants and absolve it and then which means it is something SPra4vRNjpM-00090-00096038-00096670 like a sum of 1 plus 1 by 2 plus 1 by 3 up to sum 1 over x by 2, 1 over x. SPra4vRNjpM-00091-00096810-00097932 And that sum is if we just go back to this order x to c by R, log x here and this sum SPra4vRNjpM-00092-00097932-00098518 itself is log x, so that becomes log s by x. SPra4vRNjpM-00093-00099450-00099720 So, just adding all three what you get is SPra4vRNjpM-00094-00100314-00101476 of this error is a bit can be a bit too large if c is 2 or 3 then the error actually is SPra4vRNjpM-00095-00101624-00102932 much bigger than your main term. I call what was the main term? This is the main term SPra4vRNjpM-00096-00103109-00103556 right, whatever it is psi s what is the transient estimate psi, psi x is this plus the error SPra4vRNjpM-00097-00103556-00104460 term psi x would be how much at the most x log x cannot be more than x log x in the most SPra4vRNjpM-00098-00104602-00105089 silly counting you will x log x. So, if see your c is a little more than say SPra4vRNjpM-00099-00105089-00105985 one point one then the error is already going through of course, assuming R is fixed number. SPra4vRNjpM-00100-00106146-00106996 So, that we do not want. So, let us fix once and for all the value c, which is going to SPra4vRNjpM-00101-00106996-00107739 be very close to 1, I cannot make it one unfortunately. I cannot make it 0.1, cannot make it 0.0001, SPra4vRNjpM-00102-00107844-00108356 because any of these will just be too much. So, I have to make it a function of x, SPra4vRNjpM-00103-00108618-00109418 it has to because, it has to bigger than one and yet not be a constant. So, this is what I am getting x, SPra4vRNjpM-00104-00109848-00111108 1 plus 1 over log x. And then what you get as look at this psi SPra4vRNjpM-00105-00111108-00112871 x is 1 over 2 pi i, now you have integral from c minus psi R to c plus i R minus zeta SPra4vRNjpM-00106-00112871-00114397 prime z by zeta z x to the z by z d z plus order what is x to the c for this value c SPra4vRNjpM-00107-00114585-00114796 as very simple, what is x to the c? SPra4vRNjpM-00108-00116222-00116491 So, that will cancel out i, got it, yes you SPra4vRNjpM-00109-00116491-00117024 are right, you are right. So, is by does not matter I am saying it when if you take s to SPra4vRNjpM-00110-00117024-00117783 x 3, because I am going to choose x c to be 1 plus 1 over log x. So, what does this make SPra4vRNjpM-00111-00117783-00118986 x to the c called is e times x right, which is just I order x. So, x to the c is order SPra4vRNjpM-00112-00118986-00119550 x. So, basically you get x, logs square x by R SPra4vRNjpM-00113-00120172-00120282 and this is SPra4vRNjpM-00114-00120804-00121149 now, if very good starting SPra4vRNjpM-00115-00121149-00122009 point that I have manage to write psi x, which is kind of cousin of the prime counting function SPra4vRNjpM-00116-00122155-00123358 as I complex integral plus in error term, which is well which is till to bake, if R SPra4vRNjpM-00117-00123358-00124270 is small. Of course nice thing is that R is in the denominator SPra4vRNjpM-00118-00124270-00124830 see I can always send R to infinity and make this vanish completely. And then the error SPra4vRNjpM-00119-00124830-00125351 term does not matter also and c the choice of c is also does not matter it can be any cost, SPra4vRNjpM-00120-00125378-00126378 but as we will see later on it is more beneficial to not send R to infinity instead SPra4vRNjpM-00121-00126441-00127519 set R to about square root of x, but that we will come to later, but for now let us SPra4vRNjpM-00122-00127519-00128074 this keep in mind that we will not be a actually sending R to infinity; however, if we do send SPra4vRNjpM-00123-00128074-00128996 R to infinity what happens then error vanishes and psi x s. So, this is certainly a corollary SPra4vRNjpM-00124-00128996-00129859 of this it is psi x equal 1 over 2 pi i SPra4vRNjpM-00125-00131560-00132055 is precisely the sending along this sign minus infinity plus infinity SPra4vRNjpM-00126-00132202-00133146 But I said this is only for fall we will not really we using it, because in any case as SPra4vRNjpM-00127-00133147-00133820 I said we do not expect in sort of precisely compute a value for psi x if n log psi, because SPra4vRNjpM-00128-00133820-00134303 that is allow we will compute precise from log n to psi is later on, but that is not SPra4vRNjpM-00129-00134303-00134911 going to very useful in terms of giving as a good estimate, to get good estimate it will SPra4vRNjpM-00130-00134911-00136061 actually use a finite value of a. So, that is the set up, we have psi x, we have a complex SPra4vRNjpM-00131-00136061-00136665 integral, which tells us what psi is, so the next vision is how to be evaluate this complex integral. SPra4vRNjpM-00132-00138112-00138540 And here, I will revert back to c plus i R and c minus i R, SPra4vRNjpM-00133-00139696-00140122 because this evaluation is what is going to determine psi x for us all SPra4vRNjpM-00134-00140300-00140770 the nice thing we will be know how to evaluate this integral at least we know how to go about SPra4vRNjpM-00135-00140770-00141311 it evaluate this integral we already done this. We already have tools for this, what SPra4vRNjpM-00136-00141311-00141997 we need to do is make contour or made again domain whose boundary, one of the boundary SPra4vRNjpM-00137-00141997-00142809 is this c plus c minus i R to c plus i R close that make a contour integral around that boundary SPra4vRNjpM-00138-00142960-00143836 and count the poles inside that region, that is the value of the integral and then estimate SPra4vRNjpM-00139-00143836-00144545 the value of the integral on the remaining boundaries and somehow set it up, so that SPra4vRNjpM-00140-00144545-00145113 those integrals are very small. So, that at the towards they add up to some error term SPra4vRNjpM-00141-00145171-00145689 not substantially and then we will have our value of psi x. SPra4vRNjpM-00142-00145748-00146989 So, let a term that. So, here is the let me write the integral also c minus i R to c plus SPra4vRNjpM-00143-00146989-00147325 i R minus zeta prime, SPra4vRNjpM-00144-00147954-00148616 this is integral and we have one here and very close to 1, we have SPra4vRNjpM-00145-00148616-00149360 c we already chosen that minus R to plus R. SPra4vRNjpM-00146-00150960-00151220 And you have to integrate here to here SPra4vRNjpM-00147-00151290-00151990 this integrate. So, what is contour that, what is a domain that we should choose for this? SPra4vRNjpM-00148-00152156-00152684 We can extend that this site, we can extend this site we have seen it example of both actually, SPra4vRNjpM-00149-00152986-00153444 but if recall that example that example x to the z by z was the integrant. SPra4vRNjpM-00150-00153724-00154687 And depending on the value of x, we either went left or we went right and the reason SPra4vRNjpM-00151-00154687-00155737 was there if x is less than 1 then you need to go on this side positive side, because SPra4vRNjpM-00152-00155737-00156542 when you want to bound letter on those integral on the remaining boundaries, if x is greater SPra4vRNjpM-00153-00156542-00157210 than x is less than 1 then on those boundaries you can make z to be very large positive and large. SPra4vRNjpM-00154-00157294-00157648 So, x to the z will come very small right SPra4vRNjpM-00155-00157648-00158340 and as you an expand those boundary there will vanish. On the other hand if x is more SPra4vRNjpM-00156-00158340-00158941 than 1, then this strategy will not work, because as you go further and further on the SPra4vRNjpM-00157-00158941-00159409 positive direction and actually z will keep glowing glow up. So, when x is positive you SPra4vRNjpM-00158-00159409-00160145 want to go on the negative site, because when and then large then when z takes large negative SPra4vRNjpM-00159-00160145-00160715 values again x to be z will become very very small and again you can try to bound it away SPra4vRNjpM-00160-00160715-00161620 a bound it to zero or small. So, what this tells us is that we cannot hope SPra4vRNjpM-00161-00161620-00162642 to go on the right how this line to integrate this, we should try to go to the left of the site. SPra4vRNjpM-00162-00162802-00163420 So, the movement you conclude this there is the problem, what is the problem? So, let SPra4vRNjpM-00163-00163420-00164910 us defines this can domain, again positively this most simple domain that is possible exactly SPra4vRNjpM-00164-00164910-00165940 as we did in case of the delta function there is rectangle going all the way up to minus SPra4vRNjpM-00165-00165940-00166638 u here coming down and this is how you integrate along this counter clock wise direction. SPra4vRNjpM-00166-00167032-00167170 So, that is the domain D, SPra4vRNjpM-00167-00168272-00168566 but I say said be immediately running to the clock, what is SPra4vRNjpM-00168-00168566-00169328 the problem? Look at the integrant, what is the integrant? Zeta prime over zeta, x to SPra4vRNjpM-00169-00169328-00170615 the z by z is the integrant defined on the domain, we want the integrant to be analytic SPra4vRNjpM-00170-00170615-00171151 on the domain, otherwise nothing works right that is a essential requirement. SPra4vRNjpM-00171-00171250-00172622 Now, forget the being analytic is it defined on the domain. Words, yes, that is certainly SPra4vRNjpM-00172-00172622-00173301 true, but even it is works, x to the z is define in everywhere 1 by z is define everywhere SPra4vRNjpM-00173-00173301-00173927 except for the pole at z equal zero that is pretty well on this term, what about zeta SPra4vRNjpM-00174-00173927-00174265 z, zeta z is this infinite sum, SPra4vRNjpM-00175-00175378-00176211 where does it converge only for absolute value of z greater SPra4vRNjpM-00176-00176211-00177107 than 1, otherwise this infinity some does not even converge. So, which means SPra4vRNjpM-00177-00177596-00178460 this is the line z equals to 1 to the left of it including the law on the line zeta z is not even defined. SPra4vRNjpM-00178-00178718-00179222 So, nearly there is just this time is trip to the right of the z where this zeta z is SPra4vRNjpM-00179-00179222-00179804 define everywhere else is not define. So, there is really, serious problem here. SPra4vRNjpM-00180-00179932-00180682 By the way do you know, do you believe that zeta z actually convergence for absolute value SPra4vRNjpM-00181-00180683-00181461 z greater than 1, the real z greater than 1 not absolute value greater than real z. SPra4vRNjpM-00182-00181649-00182473 So, at least we need to know, we need to ensure that converges on the right side of this line. SPra4vRNjpM-00183-00182644-00183237 So, are you convince that it does, you did it? Then it is perfect, then improve it any SPra4vRNjpM-00184-00183237-00183803 ways it pretty simple just take the absolute value of every term and then is a geometry SPra4vRNjpM-00185-00183803-00184542 comes out to be a bounded by a some geometric line integral and then the integral converges SPra4vRNjpM-00186-00184542-00185082 good. So, zeta z is defined everywhere here, SPra4vRNjpM-00187-00185458-00186738 but there are problems in this site. Going further is find zeta z is define on the right hand SPra4vRNjpM-00188-00186738-00187542 side, but it is analytic on the right hand side on every point. How do you prove it be analytic? SPra4vRNjpM-00189-00187704-00187854 Ok, this is an assignment. SPra4vRNjpM-00190-00190124-00190551 As the reasonably straightforward proof just use tools at you are learned, how do you prove SPra4vRNjpM-00191-00190551-00191747 something analytic and apply those things. So, now, we will believe that the zeta z is SPra4vRNjpM-00192-00191747-00192547 analytic on this half plane, which is on the real z greater than 1, but it does not even SPra4vRNjpM-00193-00192547-00193612 exist seemingly at least on the other half. So, this approach appears doomed except that SPra4vRNjpM-00194-00193612-00194729 we know that analytic function can be extended beyond its domain. We have seen some examples SPra4vRNjpM-00195-00194729-00195347 on this and we know that it can be extended in a very nice way unique way actually. So, SPra4vRNjpM-00196-00195347-00195808 may be zeta has that property that maybe it can be extended, it is not define through SPra4vRNjpM-00197-00195808-00196278 this infinite series, but maybe there is a way to extend it from the other half. SPra4vRNjpM-00198-00196410-00196690 Let us explore this, this is no half. SPra4vRNjpM-00199-00198846-00199314 So, let us write zeta in the slightly different form SPra4vRNjpM-00200-00199886-00200278 this I can write as SPra4vRNjpM-00201-00207208-00207698 let us make another attempt do it look at a partial SPra4vRNjpM-00202-00207698-00208907 sum this I want to write as a integral this is the key thing is to translated into integral, SPra4vRNjpM-00203-00208907-00209487 because that is easier to manipulate. And this trying to work out what is should be SPra4vRNjpM-00204-00209487-00209842 the form of the integral log in this integral. SPra4vRNjpM-00205-00211328-00211548 So, how far away is this sum from this integral, SPra4vRNjpM-00206-00212484-00212669 this integral I can write as SPra4vRNjpM-00207-00213554-00213950 let us series this equal to sin and where less area is all SPra4vRNjpM-00208-00213950-00215532 together this is equal to summation n going from 1 to x integral y going from n to n plus SPra4vRNjpM-00209-00215532-00217354 1 and n going from 1 to x minus 1 actually and here we will have n divided by y to the SPra4vRNjpM-00210-00217354-00219328 z plus 1 d and this is equal to what is the integral value, this is a d y over y to z SPra4vRNjpM-00211-00219329-00220832 plus 1 is equal to what? d y over y to the z plus 1 integral of that is y 1 over z y SPra4vRNjpM-00212-00220832-00221267 to the z, here a negative sign somewhere. SPra4vRNjpM-00213-00222538-00223110 And this n to n plus 1 SPra4vRNjpM-00214-00224156-00224484 and this is equal to what? SPra4vRNjpM-00215-00229132-00229282 Now, what is this sum equal to, SPra4vRNjpM-00216-00229898-00230851 we want to expand this, this is equal to n equals 1 what happens 1 by 2 power z minus SPra4vRNjpM-00217-00231721-00232540 plus n equal to 2, 2 by 3 power z minus 1 SPra4vRNjpM-00218-00232541-00233255 by 2 power z minus 1 is it right. SPra4vRNjpM-00219-00234250-00234450 This does not seem we put SPra4vRNjpM-00220-00235126-00235338 now, this is not to very good. SPra4vRNjpM-00221-00235846-00235992 Now, let us SPra4vRNjpM-00222-00237108-00237338 yeah may be it is not towards. SPra4vRNjpM-00223-00238406-00239588 Now, look at this and this, you get this gives you 1 by 1 power z minus of SPra4vRNjpM-00224-00239589-00239821 course, what does these two gave you, SPra4vRNjpM-00225-00240566-00240766 what about these two, SPra4vRNjpM-00226-00241396-00241521 what about these two? SPra4vRNjpM-00227-00242666-00243469 Which is exactly what you want, except there at the end? The last one this guy will survive. SPra4vRNjpM-00228-00243948-00244794 So, what I get is minus 1 by z and then here minus can go away, because at which make all SPra4vRNjpM-00229-00244796-00246866 the rest of the positive. Sum n going from 1 to x 1 by n to the z I think x minus 1. So, SPra4vRNjpM-00230-00247084-00248040 and then the last guy survives, which is n which n with is n equals x minus 1. So, SPra4vRNjpM-00231-00248041-00248698 that is x minus 1 divided by x power z. SPra4vRNjpM-00232-00250058-00250326 So, now let us get back to this good. So, now, SPra4vRNjpM-00233-00250327-00250885 we can write using this, what I can say is. SPra4vRNjpM-00234-00252290-00253644 That is equal to x minus 1 over x to the z plus z times this integral y going from 1 to x. SPra4vRNjpM-00235-00254696-00255712 And now, sent x to infinity, I should not have chosen x here this is x I am using SPra4vRNjpM-00236-00255712-00256444 something else. This is a different x not to be confuse it x parameter x cosin. So, SPra4vRNjpM-00237-00256444-00257273 send x to infinity here, what happens the left hand side becomes the zeta function, SPra4vRNjpM-00238-00257398-00257698 what happens to the right hand side the first term. SPra4vRNjpM-00239-00258262-00259380 See the absolute value z or real part of z is greater than 1, because of that this the SPra4vRNjpM-00240-00259460-00260104 first term goes to zero except as x goes to infinity. So, what I get is, SPra4vRNjpM-00241-00261132-00261312 zeta function equals this integral, SPra4vRNjpM-00242-00262324-00262620 thus nice to know although it does not solve our problem yet, but it SPra4vRNjpM-00243-00262645-00263381 is nice to know that there is a not so nice integral that I can write zeta function as, SPra4vRNjpM-00244-00263381-00264021 because not so nice, because there is a this flow of y sitting out as integrant, SPra4vRNjpM-00245-00264096-00264724 but any way we are not really integrate interested in getting a value for zeta z we only one SPra4vRNjpM-00246-00264724-00265626 to c if it can be extended beyond it is defining domain. And that we can use this integral SPra4vRNjpM-00247-00265626-00266048 follow, well how do you do that? Is this write this. SPra4vRNjpM-00248-00266242-00267514 1 to infinity y minus bracket y, here bracket y is just the fraction part of y. SPra4vRNjpM-00249-00269876-00270980 Now, the first integral can be evaluated that is equal to minus 1 over z minus 1, SPra4vRNjpM-00250-00272254-00272568 1 over y to the z minus 1 SPra4vRNjpM-00251-00272686-00273150 right, y goes to taking value 1 to infinity. SPra4vRNjpM-00252-00274246-00274524 Now, when y is 1 and infinity of SPra4vRNjpM-00253-00274525-00275544 course, goes away infinity at in pi equals infinity this is zero that is a z is a z minus SPra4vRNjpM-00254-00275544-00276164 1 has a real part, which is bigger than 1, bigger than zero and y equals 1 this becomes SPra4vRNjpM-00255-00277616-00278798 of course all are this is real z greater than 1 and let me just write zeta z. SPra4vRNjpM-00256-00279226-00280476 So, this is also important question, long let us look at the right hand side. SPra4vRNjpM-00257-00280924-00282164 Right hand side is an analytic function, why it is analytic? Well this is of course, analytic SPra4vRNjpM-00258-00282238-00283259 except for z equals 1 and the integrant here is bounded well of course, I have to be careful SPra4vRNjpM-00259-00283259-00285229 here. This part, this is analytic for real z greater than 0 z not equal to 1, SPra4vRNjpM-00260-00285908-00286366 for z not equal to 1 there is this does not diverge. So, the first term is find everywhere else SPra4vRNjpM-00261-00286367-00287099 for real z greater than zero. Look at this integral as long as real z is greater than SPra4vRNjpM-00262-00287162-00288162 1 sorry, real z greater than zero, y to the z plus 1 that real part of this is bigger SPra4vRNjpM-00263-00288162-00288729 than y. Actually y to the 1 points something and the SPra4vRNjpM-00264-00288729-00290039 fractional y is bounded by 1. So, this integral converges absolutely as long as real z is SPra4vRNjpM-00265-00290039-00290987 greater than zero to sum finite value right for every value of z it converges sum finite value. SPra4vRNjpM-00266-00291110-00291920 And it is of course, the dependence on z is analytic, because it is the it only SPra4vRNjpM-00267-00291921-00292539 depend on z is y to the z plus 1, 1 over y to the z plus 1 is an analytic function is z. SPra4vRNjpM-00268-00292656-00293342 And we have seen that when you integrate analytic function, actually it is both analytic SPra4vRNjpM-00269-00293342-00293884 in z as well as in y or for every value of y is analytic and therefore, it integral is also analytic in z. SPra4vRNjpM-00270-00294026-00294348 And it converges for every real z greater than zero. SPra4vRNjpM-00271-00294550-00295314 So, the right hand side therefore, is an analytic function, which for real z SPra4vRNjpM-00272-00295315-00295911 greater than zero and z not equal to 1. The left hand side is an analytic function for SPra4vRNjpM-00273-00295911-00296551 real z greater than 1 and these two coincide on the on real z greater than 1. SPra4vRNjpM-00274-00296716-00297534 Now, just invoke the uniqueness of analytic continuation this right hand side is the analytic continuation SPra4vRNjpM-00275-00297534-00299039 of zeta z for of course, this is still not fully done, this is 1 and you we had zeta SPra4vRNjpM-00276-00299039-00300041 z analytic here and we have the right hand side analytic also in the strife. SPra4vRNjpM-00277-00300622-00302112 Except of course this, a whole at 1. So, it has allowed as to extend the definition of zeta z slightly SPra4vRNjpM-00278-00302113-00302970 to the left not all the way, but at least slightly left. So, that gives us a hope that SPra4vRNjpM-00279-00302970-00303526 perhaps by doing something more we can extend it all the way to the left everywhere, SPra4vRNjpM-00280-00303606-00303774 which is what we do in the next class. SPICAMxp2-M-00000-00000738-00000850 - My name's Caroline Marvin. SPICAMxp2-M-00001-00000850-00001093 I am the director of instruction SPICAMxp2-M-00002-00001093-00001268 in the psychology department. SPICAMxp2-M-00003-00001268-00001536 And I teach our intro to neuroscience course SPICAMxp2-M-00004-00001536-00001653 and a few seminars. SPICAMxp2-M-00005-00001653-00001934 So the course I'm teaching is Mind, Brain, and Behavior. SPICAMxp2-M-00006-00001934-00002207 It's a large introductory lecture course. SPICAMxp2-M-00007-00002305-00002688 It's about 150 students per semester. SPICAMxp2-M-00008-00002688-00002827 And there's no prerequisite, SPICAMxp2-M-00009-00002827-00003240 so the real challenge for the course SPICAMxp2-M-00010-00003240-00003392 is that for some students SPICAMxp2-M-00011-00003392-00003565 it's their first course SPICAMxp2-M-00012-00003565-00003827 on their way to being neuroscience majors. SPICAMxp2-M-00013-00003827-00004097 They know that that's the direction they wanna go in. SPICAMxp2-M-00014-00004097-00004206 For other students, this course SPICAMxp2-M-00015-00004206-00004336 fulfills a science requirement. SPICAMxp2-M-00016-00004336-00004616 So they maybe don't have a background in science at all, SPICAMxp2-M-00017-00004616-00004901 but are just interested in learning more about the brain. SQzZOcgEZdU-00000-00001545-00002158 Peter Heckman sits on the board of the NEA Foundation. In his retirement he SQzZOcgEZdU-00001-00002158-00002605 wanted to do more than play golf and travel. Both work and family connected SQzZOcgEZdU-00002-00002605-00003106 him to public education, so he wanted to stay involved in that community. Teachers SQzZOcgEZdU-00003-00003106-00003697 are underappreciated underpaid so to give back and make sure that the SQzZOcgEZdU-00004-00003697-00004344 public education process can continue and hopefully get back to thriving is SQzZOcgEZdU-00005-00004344-00004768 critical, and so anything I can do to help in that regard I'm glad to do it. As SQzZOcgEZdU-00006-00004768-00005272 CFO of a financial and insurance company, he sold products to K through 12 SQzZOcgEZdU-00007-00005272-00005764 teachers and had a relationship with the NEA. On a more personal note, he comes SQzZOcgEZdU-00008-00005764-00006325 from a family of educators. My mom was a secretary in a high school district SQzZOcgEZdU-00009-00006325-00006895 office, my sister taught junior high math her entire life and my wife was a SQzZOcgEZdU-00010-00006895-00007315 guidance counselor in a high school, public high school. So we you know all SQzZOcgEZdU-00011-00007315-00008007 kind of talk and eat and sleep education and have come to experience at least SQzZOcgEZdU-00012-00008007-00008581 second hand some of the challenges that public school teachers have to confront SQzZOcgEZdU-00013-00008581-00008897 especially these days. SQzZOcgEZdU-00015-00010001-00010508 When Peter's oldest daughter went into teaching, he wasn't at all surprised. My SQzZOcgEZdU-00016-00010508-00010973 name is Lauren Lara, I am a special education teacher for grades three SQzZOcgEZdU-00017-00010973-00011471 through five in Chicago Public Schools. What did surprised Peter, however was how SQzZOcgEZdU-00018-00011471-00011942 he felt the first time he saw Lauren in front of the classroom, as he shared with SQzZOcgEZdU-00019-00011942-00012434 us some 12 years later. I remember kind of being the behind the back of the SQzZOcgEZdU-00020-00012434-00012922 classroom and seeing you doing your thing and I knew that you loved to teach SQzZOcgEZdU-00021-00012922-00013418 and had done that even as high school work, but you know I I just didn't know SQzZOcgEZdU-00022-00013418-00014030 what to expect and I just saw all these third graders and some were sick some SQzZOcgEZdU-00023-00014030-00014444 were acting up some were paying attention you were in the front of the SQzZOcgEZdU-00024-00014444-00014978 classroom seemed to have control of it, knew when to discipline never raised SQzZOcgEZdU-00025-00014978-00015332 your voice, but always got their attention you know so it seemed like SQzZOcgEZdU-00026-00015332-00015872 whatever they threw at you you were able to deal with so professionally, and at SQzZOcgEZdU-00027-00015872-00016454 the time I was CFO at Horace Mann and had just you know been in a board SQzZOcgEZdU-00028-00016454-00017099 meeting and you know, I just realized that I don't think I could do SQzZOcgEZdU-00029-00017099-00017609 what Lauren's doing right now I don't think I'd be able to do it I I'd either SQzZOcgEZdU-00030-00017609-00017888 start yelling or I would just throw my hands up, SQzZOcgEZdU-00031-00017888-00018190 God knows what I would do. SQzZOcgEZdU-00032-00018988-00019529 And then I remember you went to lunch with the kids and I remember there was SQzZOcgEZdU-00033-00019529-00019999 one little blond-haired girl I recall, something was going on with her and then SQzZOcgEZdU-00034-00019999-00020528 when Lauren and the class went to lunch, Lauren made sure all the kids got SQzZOcgEZdU-00035-00020528-00020885 through the line got their food, but then she took this little girl and took her SQzZOcgEZdU-00036-00020885-00021335 to a separate table, I remember you hugging her, holding her hand or something, SQzZOcgEZdU-00037-00021335-00021845 and remember her crying. I could picture exactly the day and time and everything. SQzZOcgEZdU-00038-00021845-00022316 And then you went back to class and continued on the rest of the day and you SQzZOcgEZdU-00039-00022316-00022610 know throughout the whole thing and even for the day or two after, that I just SQzZOcgEZdU-00040-00022610-00023207 kept on thinking to myself, you know she is the CEO of her classroom or even more SQzZOcgEZdU-00041-00023207-00023702 than a CEO, because a CEO can take a break, CEO can do this and that and the SQzZOcgEZdU-00042-00023702-00024182 company will go on without him or her. Your class doesn't do anything without you. I SQzZOcgEZdU-00043-00024182-00024644 think that was really a special thing that he came because you wish that, you SQzZOcgEZdU-00044-00024644-00024986 know the people that you live with or grew up with, or like my husband now, you SQzZOcgEZdU-00045-00024986-00025382 wish those people could experience really what a day-to-day is, because I SQzZOcgEZdU-00046-00025382-00025664 don't think anybody understands unless you're in the classroom or in that SQzZOcgEZdU-00047-00025664-00026083 situation so that's special that he got to experience it. It was a pretty special SQzZOcgEZdU-00048-00026083-00026677 time that I actually saw you in your environment, but to see you do things SQzZOcgEZdU-00049-00026677-00029456 that I could never even hope to do was it was pretty cool. Thank you! SSpW3FPmXm8-00000-00000408-00000680 i hit him with a virus. look at this. SSpW3FPmXm8-00001-00001080-00001496 i hit you are no good with a virus. SYFsc235dl4-00000-00000751-00000924 me SYFsc235dl4-00001-00001872-00002045 me SYFsc235dl4-00002-00002993-00003165 me SYFsc235dl4-00003-00004113-00004286 me SYFsc235dl4-00004-00005234-00005406 me SYFsc235dl4-00005-00006354-00006527 me SYFsc235dl4-00006-00007475-00007647 me SYFsc235dl4-00007-00008596-00008768 me SYFsc235dl4-00008-00009717-00009889 me SYFsc235dl4-00009-00010837-00011010 me SYFsc235dl4-00010-00011958-00012130 me SYFsc235dl4-00011-00013078-00013251 me SYFsc235dl4-00012-00014199-00014371 me SYFsc235dl4-00013-00015320-00015492 me SYFsc235dl4-00014-00016441-00016613 me SYFsc235dl4-00015-00017561-00017734 me SYFsc235dl4-00016-00018682-00018854 me SYFsc235dl4-00017-00019802-00019975 me SYFsc235dl4-00018-00020923-00021095 me SYFsc235dl4-00019-00022044-00022216 me SaRzMNZ9zmE-00000-00000026-00000701 >>Sarah: One of Tendenci's most useful features is the video gallery plugin. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00001-00000701-00000822 This plugin SaRzMNZ9zmE-00002-00000822-00001589 allows you to add rich media from Youtube, Vimeo and other online video sharing sites, SaRzMNZ9zmE-00003-00001589-00002159 displays them in a gallery with tags for search engine optimization and the ability to find SaRzMNZ9zmE-00004-00002159-00002259 them. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00005-00002259-00002773 You can also add custom categories as you can see here on the right, that will allow SaRzMNZ9zmE-00006-00002773-00002964 you to categorize SaRzMNZ9zmE-00007-00002964-00003234 and organize your videos. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00008-00003234-00003885 So for example if I click on the memberships module category, then I'm taken to SaRzMNZ9zmE-00009-00003885-00004442 the list of videos that I've categorized as being related to our memberships module training SaRzMNZ9zmE-00010-00004442-00004589 series. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00011-00004589-00004721 We will be SaRzMNZ9zmE-00012-00004721-00005253 including the video gallery plugin with all of our Tendenci community sites later this SaRzMNZ9zmE-00013-00005253-00005529 year and today I want to show you SaRzMNZ9zmE-00014-00005529-00006201 in this video how you can add this plugin right now for free in case you want it before SaRzMNZ9zmE-00015-00006201-00006303 it goes out in all of our software SaRzMNZ9zmE-00016-00006303-00006453 updates. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00017-00006453-00007353 So now I'm logged in as an admin on a Tendenci community site and to get to the plugin application SaRzMNZ9zmE-00018-00007353-00007453 you'll come up SaRzMNZ9zmE-00019-00007453-00008128 to the admin menu under quick links and you'll click on the admin backend. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00020-00008128-00008585 So from here, you'll need to find this show advanced modules, SaRzMNZ9zmE-00021-00008585-00009103 click on it, and it will expand so now we have these pink highlighted fields that are SaRzMNZ9zmE-00022-00009103-00009234 our advanced modules. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00023-00009234-00009431 These are developer tools typically. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00024-00009431-00009925 And our plugin applications and manager, they are in here. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00025-00009925-00010518 To add the video gallery plugin you're going to come to plugin manager, see where SaRzMNZ9zmE-00026-00010518-00010965 it says plugin apps, you'll click on add. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00027-00010965-00011298 You can call this whatever you want. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00028-00011298-00011612 I'm just going to call it videos, that's what it will be called SaRzMNZ9zmE-00029-00011612-00012048 when we roll out the software. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00030-00012048-00012271 The description can also be anything you want. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00031-00012271-00012714 In this case, I'm just going to call it the video gallery plugin. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00032-00012714-00013798 To install it, you'll need to type plugins.videos exactly as I've typed it in here. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00033-00013798-00014512 Check is installed and is enabled and then hit save. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00034-00014512-00015116 So now you can see we have this new plugin and this is what it'll look like once you've SaRzMNZ9zmE-00035-00015116-00015216 installed it. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00036-00015216-00015344 It's called videos, you can see it's SaRzMNZ9zmE-00037-00015344-00015515 enabled and installed. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00038-00015515-00016185 So now if you return to your homepage under the admin navigation menu dropdown for content, SaRzMNZ9zmE-00039-00016185-00016440 you will now see a right SaRzMNZ9zmE-00040-00016440-00017043 hand side with plugins automatically is added and underneath it your first plugin, the videos SaRzMNZ9zmE-00041-00017043-00017143 gallery. SaRzMNZ9zmE-00042-00017143-00017271 In the next video I will show you SaRzMNZ9zmE-00043-00017271-00017849 how you can add videos to your site and how to use the videos plugin to create video galleries SaRzMNZ9zmE-00044-00017849-00017958 on your own website. SbBMXRYZ-pk-00000-00000856-00001556 The trail leads to the city’s last deserted beaches. SbBMXRYZ-pk-00001-00003218-00003710 It’s still possible to find the restinga vegetation that covered Rio’s entire coast. SbBMXRYZ-pk-00002-00004342-00004794 They were used in the XVIIIth century by French pirates who invaded Rio de Janeiro. SbBMXRYZ-pk-00003-00005634-00006378 Bring back with you all the garbage you generate and get brownie points with nature, picking up whatever you find. ScG33_vz9jY-00000-00000000-00000200 Antorjatik khobor 09 July 2021 ।আন্তর্জাতিক সংবাদ। আন্তর্জাতিক খবর।Antorjatik songbad।#I_Desk_News SnFls5bv7KQ-00000-00000033-00000699 Hi travellers, I'm Anne's daughter Lileko welcome to this famous Old Road, Old Street... SnFls5bv7KQ-00001-00000699-00000937 Old Road in Wuhan. SnFls5bv7KQ-00002-00000937-00001447 Now it's pretty much just shopping but its historical value was not lost to me. SnFls5bv7KQ-00003-00001447-00001823 And it's really nice at night with all the lights and SnFls5bv7KQ-00004-00001896-00002121 as you can see a lot of people. SnFls5bv7KQ-00005-00002121-00002286 Yeah it's definitely worth the look. SnFls5bv7KQ-00006-00004950-00005229 There is McDonald's, there is KFC T2KeR-YA9Xy-00000-00004656-00004728 Free T2KeR-YA9Xy-00001-00007938-00008016 music T5fyrLtEGok-00000-00000065-00000337 The Basics of College Level Research T5fyrLtEGok-00001-00000337-00000704 Research at the college level may require more consideration and some more effort than T5fyrLtEGok-00002-00000704-00000900 might have been required before. T5fyrLtEGok-00003-00000900-00001250 There are several steps to college-level research, and sometimes the steps need to be T5fyrLtEGok-00004-00001250-00001669 repeated. If you run into any problems, remember that you can always consult a librarian for T5fyrLtEGok-00005-00001669-00001959 assistance. T5fyrLtEGok-00006-00001959-00002205 The basic steps are to: identify the topic T5fyrLtEGok-00007-00002205-00002651 develop a search strategy find and evaluate books, articles, and web T5fyrLtEGok-00008-00002651-00003246 resources on the topic use sources and cite them correctly T5fyrLtEGok-00009-00003246-00003665 When you start research on a topic you may begin with some broad ideas and then refine T5fyrLtEGok-00010-00003665-00003957 and focus the search as you gather information. T5fyrLtEGok-00011-00003957-00004382 As you work, keep a record of what you find and where you found it - you'll need it T5fyrLtEGok-00012-00004382-00004587 for your bibliography, but you may need to re-visit T5fyrLtEGok-00013-00004587-00005014 some of your sources as you refine your search. T5fyrLtEGok-00014-00005014-00005183 Step 1: Identify the Topic T5fyrLtEGok-00015-00005183-00005421 Your topic is the idea that you are researching - T5fyrLtEGok-00016-00005421-00005634 for example, transportation and the environment. T5fyrLtEGok-00017-00005634-00005967 You will probably want to brainstorm about the topic a bit, T5fyrLtEGok-00018-00005967-00006374 thinking of any topics or ideas that relate to your research, and synonyms for the terms T5fyrLtEGok-00019-00006374-00006531 you come up with. T5fyrLtEGok-00020-00006531-00006753 Think about your topic as a question you want to answer: T5fyrLtEGok-00021-00006753-00007125 for example: How do transportation choices affect the environment? T5fyrLtEGok-00022-00007125-00007523 Then you may want to refine your question to make it more specific: How does commuting T5fyrLtEGok-00023-00007523-00007986 affect air quality in New England? T5fyrLtEGok-00024-00007986-00008168 Step 2: Develop a Search Strategy T5fyrLtEGok-00025-00008168-00008284 There are more details in the tutorial �How can I develop an effective search strategy?� T5fyrLtEGok-00026-00008284-00008677 In essence, to develop a good search strategy, pick out the nouns from your research question T5fyrLtEGok-00027-00008677-00008878 that most describe your topic. T5fyrLtEGok-00028-00008878-00009261 To get started, use those nouns and combine them to begin your search. T5fyrLtEGok-00029-00009261-00009684 It's also helpful to think about synonyms for those nouns, and use those for searching T5fyrLtEGok-00030-00009684-00010107 as well. If we started by searching for T5fyrLtEGok-00031-00010107-00010407 transportation AND environment we may also want T5fyrLtEGok-00032-00010407-00010872 to create searches that include synonyms for our nouns: commuting AND greenhouse gasses, T5fyrLtEGok-00033-00010872-00011192 for example, or travel AND ecology. T5fyrLtEGok-00034-00011192-00011754 Here's a sample search strategy for our research topic on how transportation choices T5fyrLtEGok-00035-00011754-00011989 affect the environment in New England. We've pulled T5fyrLtEGok-00036-00011989-00012458 out the main ideas for our research - transportation choices, environment, and New England - and T5fyrLtEGok-00037-00012458-00012936 put them at the tops of columns. Below each topic, we've listed possible synonyms we T5fyrLtEGok-00038-00012936-00013162 can use for searching. You can do this as well for your T5fyrLtEGok-00039-00013162-00013445 own research. T5fyrLtEGok-00040-00013445-00013659 Step 3: Gather Information T5fyrLtEGok-00041-00013659-00014015 Think first about what kind of information you need for your research. T5fyrLtEGok-00042-00014015-00014527 General and subject-specific encyclopedias provide a broad overview; books provide in-depth T5fyrLtEGok-00043-00014527-00014734 and historical background. T5fyrLtEGok-00044-00014734-00015256 To locate more focused information, look for articles from scholarly journals, newspapers, T5fyrLtEGok-00045-00015256-00015549 trade magazines, and popular periodicals, as well T5fyrLtEGok-00046-00015549-00015918 as web sites and experts in the field. T5fyrLtEGok-00047-00015918-00016265 Use your search statements in library databases that will help you find those resources. T5fyrLtEGok-00048-00016409-00016799 At this point, it's a good idea to start compiling a list of citations of the sources T5fyrLtEGok-00049-00016799-00017062 you might use. You'll need this later as you create your T5fyrLtEGok-00050-00017062-00017259 paper or project. T5fyrLtEGok-00051-00017259-00017616 Some people find it useful to write short notes - or annotations - about each source T5fyrLtEGok-00052-00017616-00017968 as well, describing what information each source covers, T5fyrLtEGok-00053-00017968-00018355 what parts of their research the source could be used for, and so on. T5fyrLtEGok-00054-00018355-00018793 As you search, evaluate all the information you find: look at the source's purpose or T5fyrLtEGok-00055-00018793-00019116 intent, the authority or credentials of the author, the T5fyrLtEGok-00056-00019116-00019748 accuracy, timeliness, objectivity and appropriateness of the information. T5fyrLtEGok-00057-00019748-00019926 Step 4: Cite your sources T5fyrLtEGok-00058-00019926-00020327 As you incorporate ideas, quotes, and summaries from your sources, you need to cite them. T5fyrLtEGok-00059-00020327-00020687 You'll want to make sure you're using the format your professor recommends. It might T5fyrLtEGok-00060-00020688-00021054 be APA, MLA, Chicago, or possibly something else - check T5fyrLtEGok-00061-00021054-00021382 with your professor if you're not sure. T5fyrLtEGok-00062-00021382-00021698 Once you have your sources and you know your format, all you have to do is follow the T5fyrLtEGok-00063-00021698-00022129 instructions. Look for whether you need footnotes or endnotes (which may vary based in the T5fyrLtEGok-00064-00022129-00022604 format), and use either the official style manual as a guide, or consult the libraries' guide to T5fyrLtEGok-00065-00022606-00023007 Citing Correctly and Avoiding Plagiarism, available at uri.libguides.com/cite. T5fyrLtEGok-00066-00023007-00023499 As an example, here are two citations: one's in APA format, the other's in MLA format. T5fyrLtEGok-00067-00023499-00023704 They both have the same components: the authors T5fyrLtEGok-00068-00023704-00023976 of the article, the title of the article, the name of T5fyrLtEGok-00069-00023976-00024420 the journal it appeared in, the volume, the issue, the date, the pages. They're just T5fyrLtEGok-00070-00024420-00024702 in slightly different orders. Once you have those components, T5fyrLtEGok-00071-00024702-00025060 you can create your own citations easily. T5fyrLtEGok-00072-00025060-00025424 If you have any questions about getting started with your research, please feel free to ask T5fyrLtEGok-00073-00025424-00025573 a librarian for assistance. T5TlS84_OFg-00000-00000061-00000333 If you're applying for an Australian visa, you may be T5TlS84_OFg-00001-00000335-00000628 required to undergo a health examination. T5TlS84_OFg-00002-00000630-00001104 Our new and convenient online service My Health Declarations T5TlS84_OFg-00003-00001106-00001365 helps you find out what health examinations T5TlS84_OFg-00004-00001367-00001684 are required before lodging your application. T5TlS84_OFg-00005-00001686-00004566 You should use My Health Declarations T8f3ztjMFrg-00000-00000600-00000887 - Do you see him? - It also seems to me that's the president walking. T8f3ztjMFrg-00001-00000887-00001199 Yes. Let's take the camera and everything. T8f3ztjMFrg-00002-00001987-00002346 Guys, not right now please! The president has to make a speech now. T8f3ztjMFrg-00003-00002346-00002653 An event is about to start. Let's do it later, okay? T8f3ztjMFrg-00004-00002653-00002839 Let the people work. T8f3ztjMFrg-00005-00002839-00003017 I am sorry. T8f3ztjMFrg-00006-00003017-00003226 - Good day! - Good day. T8f3ztjMFrg-00007-00003226-00003369 How do the neighbors do? T8f3ztjMFrg-00008-00003369-00003607 Well, you know how the neighbors live. T8f3ztjMFrg-00009-00003607-00003889 We don't know what will happen to us upon arrival. T8f3ztjMFrg-00010-00003889-00003976 Haha. T8f3ztjMFrg-00011-00003976-00004139 - We've left the country! - Feel free to stay here then! T8f3ztjMFrg-00012-00004139-00004457 We would like to. We are already establishing contacts. T8f3ztjMFrg-00013-00004457-00004678 Do you remember our coming ten years ago? T8f3ztjMFrg-00014-00004678-00004860 I remember it all right! But you are reporters. T8f3ztjMFrg-00015-00004860-00005262 There must be some reporters if I am not mistaken. T8f3ztjMFrg-00016-00005262-00005488 The Children's Academy of Radio and Television. T8f3ztjMFrg-00017-00005488-00005749 It is understandable but they wanted to become reporters if I remember correctly. T8f3ztjMFrg-00018-00005749-00006020 - Many have become reporters. - Have they already? Congratulations then! T8f3ztjMFrg-00019-00006020-00006250 - They have grown up after all. - Understandable. I see. T8f3ztjMFrg-00020-00006250-00006581 Well then you should set up an academy here. T8f3ztjMFrg-00021-00006581-00006791 Why do you have to travel so far? Feel free to stay. T8f3ztjMFrg-00022-00006791-00007047 You know we are already talking about it with Gleb Lapitsky. T8f3ztjMFrg-00023-00007047-00007477 - He says: Nadezhda Vladimirovna, make one here already! - Exactly! T8f3ztjMFrg-00024-00007477-00007800 - Are they future reporters too? - No. T8f3ztjMFrg-00025-00007800-00007994 - Why not? - A military career. T8f3ztjMFrg-00026-00007994-00008183 Ah, it is good then. T8f3ztjMFrg-00027-00008183-00008618 - But not in Latvia! - Here! T8f3ztjMFrg-00028-00008618-00008862 Of course here! Why would you have to pursue a military career in Latvia? T8f3ztjMFrg-00029-00008862-00009261 Mister President! We have a show of our own on the radio. T8f3ztjMFrg-00030-00009261-00009447 Number One or the Formula of Success. T8f3ztjMFrg-00031-00009447-00009780 Since you said you cannot become a president, you have to be born a president, T8f3ztjMFrg-00032-00009780-00010329 tell us the formula of success of Aleksandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko T8f3ztjMFrg-00033-00010329-00010623 as a man, as a person, as a father, and as a grandfather. T8f3ztjMFrg-00034-00010623-00010875 Hmm, well, what is my success formula? T8f3ztjMFrg-00035-00010875-00011258 I was born a president. That's my entire formula of success. T8f3ztjMFrg-00036-00011258-00011667 I was not kidding when I said you have to be born a president T8f3ztjMFrg-00037-00011667-00012211 because a future president has to have certain intuition as a nature's gift. T8f3ztjMFrg-00038-00012211-00012432 The future president has to have a certain sense T8f3ztjMFrg-00039-00012432-00012746 which will never fail him in his life. T8f3ztjMFrg-00040-00012746-00013219 You cannot gain it in the course of life. You have to be born with it. T8f3ztjMFrg-00041-00013219-00013845 If you don't have it like some Western politicians, heads of state don't have it now, T8f3ztjMFrg-00042-00013845-00014110 including unfortunately in neighboring countries, T8f3ztjMFrg-00043-00014110-00014341 then you are no president then. T8f3ztjMFrg-00044-00014341-00015032 Thank god, the presidents over there don't have the powers the president in Belarus has according to the Constitution. T8f3ztjMFrg-00045-00015032-00015188 It would be a disaster otherwise. T8f3ztjMFrg-00046-00015188-00015927 As for the discharge of my personal functions as a father, a grandfather, and so on, T8f3ztjMFrg-00047-00015927-00016352 you've put me into an awkward position. T8f3ztjMFrg-00048-00016352-00016480 I didn't think about it. T8f3ztjMFrg-00049-00016480-00016653 I act like everyone else! T8f3ztjMFrg-00050-00016653-00016807 Like your parents. T8f3ztjMFrg-00051-00016807-00017064 Like your grandfather. Like your grandmother. T8f3ztjMFrg-00052-00017064-00017409 They behave just the way I do. T8f3ztjMFrg-00053-00017409-00017917 I act as an ordinary person. I only have less time to spend on my kids and grandkids. T8f3ztjMFrg-00054-00017917-00018107 Everything is ordinary! T8f3ztjMFrg-00055-00018107-00018591 It is also the key thing for a president: to be like everyone else. T8f3ztjMFrg-00056-00018591-00018898 Thank you for the little, short, good conversation! T8f3ztjMFrg-00057-00018898-00019324 I wish you strong health, resilience, wisdom in your complicated business. T8f3ztjMFrg-00058-00019324-00019665 And certainly I wish prosperity to the Republic of Belarus! T8f3ztjMFrg-00059-00019665-00020204 Thank you! May success attend you in your military career! T8f3ztjMFrg-00060-00020204-00020334 Thank you for the interview! T9KmoQmxD5U-00000-00000500-00001236 Tí dacho domingoi ñamichahai sã Jesu buheina sã coyea judio masare cuina, T9KmoQmxD5U-00001-00001236-00001380 wʉhʉpʉ biha sãa, T9KmoQmxD5U-00002-00001380-00001464 dujii sã. T9KmoQmxD5U-00003-00001464-00001860 Sã ã dujichʉ Jesu sã watoi bajuarʉcʉ sʉro, T9KmoQmxD5U-00004-00001860-00002056 sãre õ sehe nire: T9KmoQmxD5U-00005-00002056-00002196 —¿Jimajari mʉsa? T9KmoQmxD5U-00006-00002196-00002468 Noano jiga mʉsa —nire. T9KmoQmxD5U-00007-00002468-00002592 Ã ni tuhsʉ, T9KmoQmxD5U-00008-00002592-00002696 to wamomacarine, T9KmoQmxD5U-00009-00002696-00002980 to patipahma bato cʉ̃hʉre sãre ñore. T9KmoQmxD5U-00010-00002980-00003308 Ã jina sã tirore sã pʉhtorore ñʉna, T9KmoQmxD5U-00011-00003308-00003364 wahchei. T9KmoQmxD5U-00012-00003364-00003656 Pari turi Jesu sãre õ sehe nire: T9KmoQmxD5U-00013-00003656-00003908 —Noano jiga mʉsa. T9KmoQmxD5U-00014-00003908-00004160 Yʉ Pʉcʉ yʉhʉre to warocariro seheta, T9KmoQmxD5U-00015-00004160-00004752 mʉsa cʉ̃hʉre yʉ ya buheare buhehtinare warocaja —nire Jesu sãre. T9KmoQmxD5U-00016-00004752-00005016 Ã ni tuhsʉ tiro sãre puti sãare. T9KmoQmxD5U-00017-00005016-00005540 Ã puti sãano Espíritu Santo sãre to sãarʉcʉ sʉ mʉa wahahtore ñono nire sãre. T9KmoQmxD5U-00018-00005540-00005768 Ño tuhsʉ õ sehe nire: T9KmoQmxD5U-00019-00005768-00006104 —Mipʉ Espíritu Santore ñahaga mʉsa, T9KmoQmxD5U-00020-00006104-00006294 mʉsa mehne jihtirore. T9KmoQmxD5U-00021-00006294-00006604 Paina ti ñaa yoarire mʉsa bochʉ, T9KmoQmxD5U-00022-00006604-00006716 ãta jiahca. T9KmoQmxD5U-00023-00006716-00007598 Ã jia paina ti ñaa yoarire mʉsa boerachʉ tí bori jisi —nire Jesu sãre to buheinare. T9KmoQmxD5U-00024-00007598-00008206 Jesu sã watoi to bajuachʉ Toma sʉhdʉariro ti ni pisuriro sã mehne mariahre. T9KmoQmxD5U-00025-00008206-00008516 To ã mariachʉ sã mehne macaina tirore yahumare: T9KmoQmxD5U-00026-00008516-00009044 —Mari pʉhtorore sã ñʉhi —ni yahumai sã Tomare. T9KmoQmxD5U-00027-00009044-00009404 Sã ã ni yahupachʉta õ sehe nire Toma: T9KmoQmxD5U-00028-00009404-00010156 —To wamomacarine ti cjã puhaa coparire ñʉeracʉ tí coparire yʉ wamo pica mehne be ñʉeracʉ, T9KmoQmxD5U-00029-00010156-00010396 “Potocãta masa wijaari jira”, T9KmoQmxD5U-00030-00010396-00010488 nisi yʉhʉ. T9KmoQmxD5U-00031-00010488-00011092 Ã yoa to patipahma batoi jiri copare yʉ wamomaca mehne siõ sõeracʉ, T9KmoQmxD5U-00032-00011092-00011324 “Potocãta masa wijaari jira”, T9KmoQmxD5U-00033-00011324-00011614 nisi yʉhʉ tirore —nire Toma. T9KmoQmxD5U-00034-00011614-00012228 Ocho dachori baharo pari turi sã to buheina sã wʉhʉpʉ jii. T9KmoQmxD5U-00035-00012228-00012508 Tí pjare Toma sã mehne jire jʉna. T9KmoQmxD5U-00036-00012508-00012680 Tí wʉhʉ bihari wʉhʉ jire. T9KmoQmxD5U-00037-00012680-00012988 Bihari wʉhʉ to jipachʉta Jesu wʉhʉpʉ sãa taro, T9KmoQmxD5U-00038-00012988-00013284 sã watoi bajuarʉcʉ sʉro õ sehe nire: T9KmoQmxD5U-00039-00013284-00013440 —¿Jimajari mʉsa? T9KmoQmxD5U-00040-00013440-00013678 Noano jiga —nire. T9KmoQmxD5U-00041-00013678-00013816 Ã ni tuhsʉ, T9KmoQmxD5U-00042-00013816-00014047 tiro Tomare õ sehe ni yahure: T9KmoQmxD5U-00043-00014047-00014347 —Ñʉga yʉ wamomacarine. T9KmoQmxD5U-00044-00014347-00015032 Ã yoa mʉ wamo pica mehne yʉ wamomacarine ti cjã puhaa coparire be ñʉga. T9KmoQmxD5U-00045-00015032-00015104 Tuhsʉ, T9KmoQmxD5U-00046-00015104-00015691 mʉ wamomaca mehne yʉ patipahma batoi jiri copare siõ sõ ñʉga. T9KmoQmxD5U-00047-00015691-00015880 “Potocã jierara”, T9KmoQmxD5U-00048-00015880-00015996 nii tjiga. T9KmoQmxD5U-00049-00015996-00016116 “Potocã tjira”, T9KmoQmxD5U-00050-00016116-00016204 niga mʉhʉ, T9KmoQmxD5U-00051-00016204-00016374 —nire Jesu Tomare. T9KmoQmxD5U-00052-00016374-00016676 To ã niri baharo Toma õ sehe ni yʉhtire: T9KmoQmxD5U-00053-00016676-00016900 —Mʉhʉ yʉ pʉhtoro jira. T9KmoQmxD5U-00054-00016900-00017338 Mʉhʉ yʉ yairo Cohamacʉ jira —nire Toma Jesure jʉna. T9KmoQmxD5U-00055-00017338-00017752 —Yʉhʉre mʉ ñʉri baharo yʉhʉre wacũ tuara mʉhʉ. T9KmoQmxD5U-00056-00017752-00018112 Paina sehe yʉhʉre ñʉerapahta yʉhʉre wacũ tuaahca. T9KmoQmxD5U-00057-00018112-00018682 Ã jia tina mʉ yʉhdoro wahcheahca —nire Jesu Tomare. T9KmoQmxD5U-00058-00018682-00019280 Ã yoa payʉ paye cʉ̃hʉre Cohamacʉ to tuaa mehne yoa ñore Jesu sã mehne jiro. T9KmoQmxD5U-00059-00019280-00019638 Tíre to yoarire ahri tjui joa pahñoerati yʉhʉ. T9KmoQmxD5U-00060-00019638-00020352 Ã joa pahñoerapaihta ahri tjui yʉ yahuare joahi “Jesuta Cristo Cohamacʉ to warocariro jira. T9KmoQmxD5U-00061-00020352-00020616 Tiro potocãta Cohamacʉ macʉno jira”, T9KmoQmxD5U-00062-00020616-00020860 mʉsa ni masihti cjihtire. T9KmoQmxD5U-00063-00020860-00021756 Ã jina mʉsa tirore wacũ tuaina Cohamacʉ mehne mʉsa ã jirucuhti cjihtire joahi ahri tjure. Tr9QUYJty_I-00000-00000156-00000474 Library Instruction: What is Information Literacy? Tr9QUYJty_I-00001-00000650-00001500 Here in the library, we talk a lot about information literacy and developing information skills for all members of the K-State community. Tr9QUYJty_I-00002-00001500-00002515 Information literacy is an individual's ability to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate and effectively use the information. Tr9QUYJty_I-00003-00002565-00003550 These types of skills aren't just important in academia, but are needed throughout an individual's lifetime, especially in the age of Google and information overload. Tr9QUYJty_I-00004-00003600-00004400 We have found that many students and some instructors are coming to the University with very few competencies in this area. Tr9QUYJty_I-00005-00004400-00004690 They are information illiterate. Tr9QUYJty_I-00006-00004700-00005700 The primary goals of library instruction are to ensure that people can determine the nature and extent of the information they need, are able to access the needed information, Tr9QUYJty_I-00007-00005742-00007000 are able to critically evaluate that information and its sources, can use information effectively to accomplish some purpose, and can understand how to use information ethically and legally. Trmpwqbn4I0-00000-00000000-00000217 Hi, it's Yosuke Awata. Trmpwqbn4I0-00001-00000217-00000547 I'm drawing with color pencils today. Trmpwqbn4I0-00002-00000826-00000997 About techniques, Trmpwqbn4I0-00003-00000997-00001341 I draw the same way as regular pencils. Trmpwqbn4I0-00004-00001341-00001628 But color pencils have multiple colors, Trmpwqbn4I0-00005-00001628-00002050 so I can color over different colors. Trmpwqbn4I0-00006-00002050-00002371 I don't care much about techniques, Trmpwqbn4I0-00007-00002371-00002574 but like up right pencils, Trmpwqbn4I0-00008-00002574-00002661 horizontal, Trmpwqbn4I0-00009-00002661-00002864 making gradation Trmpwqbn4I0-00010-00002864-00003050 and coloring over colors, Trmpwqbn4I0-00011-00003050-00003495 I'm going to show you these 4 while I draw today. Trmpwqbn4I0-00013-00003656-00003972 When I begin to draw, I usually up right pencils, Trmpwqbn4I0-00014-00003972-00004264 and start drawing basic ideas. Trmpwqbn4I0-00016-00004366-00004677 This is my own way for my drawing style today Trmpwqbn4I0-00017-00004677-00005156 when I used to draw realistic, I use over hand grip. Trmpwqbn4I0-00018-00005349-00005628 This is over hand grip. Trmpwqbn4I0-00019-00005628-00006015 I can color large space quickly. Trmpwqbn4I0-00020-00006015-00006315 and easy to make gradation. Trmpwqbn4I0-00021-00006424-00006885 You can also up right a pencil to shading like this. Trmpwqbn4I0-00022-00006997-00007527 To make gradation, just draw dark area and light area. Trmpwqbn4I0-00023-00007553-00008027 Just making darker little by little that becomes gradation. Trmpwqbn4I0-00024-00008222-00008723 When I color really dark, I up right pencils. Trmpwqbn4I0-00025-00008723-00009197 Too much pressure with over hand, I could break a pencil... Trmpwqbn4I0-00026-00009353-00010030 When I color over different color, I color on gradation areas. Trmpwqbn4I0-00027-00010030-00010600 It's not neccesary to be gradation, just lighter area like this. Trmpwqbn4I0-00028-00010600-00010903 It's hard to color on dark areas, Trmpwqbn4I0-00029-00010903-00011316 but it's possible and come out differently. Trmpwqbn4I0-00030-00011316-00012199 I used to do that, but my hand get tired, so I just color on light areas now. Trmpwqbn4I0-00031-00017297-00017595 There are different types of color pencils. Trmpwqbn4I0-00032-00017595-00017917 I use regular color pencils, Trmpwqbn4I0-00033-00017917-00018323 and watercolor pencils. Trmpwqbn4I0-00034-00018323-00018661 Today I'm using regular ones. Trmpwqbn4I0-00035-00018661-00019046 There are cheap ones and expensive ones. Trmpwqbn4I0-00036-00019046-00019431 You can draw very beautiful with cheap ones. Trmpwqbn4I0-00037-00019431-00019735 I don't know much about that Trmpwqbn4I0-00038-00019735-00020071 but what I like about good pencils are soft, Trmpwqbn4I0-00039-00020071-00020415 I can draw thick and rich with less strength. Trmpwqbn4I0-00040-00020415-00020894 Cheap ones are hard and make my hand very tired. Trmpwqbn4I0-00041-00020894-00021111 Colors are beautiful Trmpwqbn4I0-00042-00021111-00021499 but soft ones are easy to draw, Trmpwqbn4I0-00043-00021499-00021777 so I really like soft color pencils. Trmpwqbn4I0-00044-00021777-00022202 Well, I use anything, so I use cheap ones too. Trmpwqbn4I0-00045-00025726-00025856 About brands, Trmpwqbn4I0-00046-00025856-00026278 there are so many and I don't know what is the best. Trmpwqbn4I0-00047-00026278-00026621 but I use Japanese brand "Holbein" Trmpwqbn4I0-00048-00026621-00026947 and "Prismacolor" which is American brand. Trmpwqbn4I0-00049-00026947-00027473 I often find Holbein at Japanese art supply stores, so I bought ones, Trmpwqbn4I0-00050-00027473-00027804 I buy beautiful colors ones. Trmpwqbn4I0-00051-00027804-00028283 I found Prismacolor when I used to live in the US. Trmpwqbn4I0-00052-00028283-00028833 I can order on line in Japan too, so I might order someday. Trmpwqbn4I0-00053-00028833-00029391 I won't say what's better, but Prismacolor is very soft and I like them. Trmpwqbn4I0-00054-00038735-00039128 Paint or color pencils, which is better? Trmpwqbn4I0-00055-00039128-00039571 I can't compare, they are both good! Trmpwqbn4I0-00056-00039571-00039933 So I use both! Trmpwqbn4I0-00057-00046904-00047075 I finished! Trmpwqbn4I0-00058-00047075-00047301 Title is "CO2" Trmpwqbn4I0-00059-00047301-00047570 Drawing came out like this Trmpwqbn4I0-00060-00047570-00048245 because I wish air pollution or global warming will be disappear. Trmpwqbn4I0-00061-00048245-00048591 I talked about paint and color pencils earlier, Trmpwqbn4I0-00062-00048591-00049026 both just different and I use several different supplies, Trmpwqbn4I0-00063-00049026-00049319 I find each characters while I'm using Trmpwqbn4I0-00064-00049319-00049764 and I create more ways to express my art styles, Trmpwqbn4I0-00065-00049764-00049997 so I use multiple supplies. Trmpwqbn4I0-00066-00049997-00050595 Everyone's different, so use what you wanna use and don't use what you don't wanna use. Trmpwqbn4I0-00067-00050595-00050967 It's also wonderful to use only one type of supply. Trmpwqbn4I0-00068-00050967-00051176 Anything can be wonderful! Trmpwqbn4I0-00069-00051176-00051396 Well, that's it for today! Trmpwqbn4I0-00070-00051396-00051605 Thank you for watching! Trmpwqbn4I0-00071-00051605-00052125 If you like this video, please consider subscribing! Trmpwqbn4I0-00072-00052125-00052433 See you next time! Bye bye!! Ts03p4s8LfA-00000-00000000-00000354 Because our students come to Lake Ts03p4s8LfA-00001-00000354-00000546 Washington Tech from a wide variety of Ts03p4s8LfA-00002-00000546-00000764 work and academic experiences, we have Ts03p4s8LfA-00003-00000764-00001044 created a math way to help you get from Ts03p4s8LfA-00004-00001044-00001266 where you are to where you need to be to Ts03p4s8LfA-00005-00001266-00001496 earn your degree or credential. Different Ts03p4s8LfA-00006-00001496-00001641 students will enter at different levels, Ts03p4s8LfA-00007-00001641-00001809 and that's okay. Ts03p4s8LfA-00008-00001809-00002003 Some factors that should influence where you Ts03p4s8LfA-00009-00002003-00002232 start on this pathway include: previous Ts03p4s8LfA-00010-00002232-00002439 math classes you've taken, the amount of Ts03p4s8LfA-00011-00002439-00002636 time that's gone by since you've used Ts03p4s8LfA-00012-00002636-00002828 some of these skills, as well as your own Ts03p4s8LfA-00013-00002828-00003147 confidence in your math abilities. In Ts03p4s8LfA-00014-00003147-00003339 trying to decide where you will best fit on Ts03p4s8LfA-00015-00003339-00003539 this map pathway, it's good to look ahead Ts03p4s8LfA-00016-00003539-00003786 to where you want to be. If you know what Ts03p4s8LfA-00017-00003786-00003927 program you're interested in pursuing, Ts03p4s8LfA-00018-00003927-00004112 look at what 100-level math Ts03p4s8LfA-00019-00004112-00004476 requirements are listed. The main pathway Ts03p4s8LfA-00020-00004476-00004677 that our science, technology, engineering, Ts03p4s8LfA-00021-00004677-00005007 and math students take starts at Math&141, Ts03p4s8LfA-00022-00005007-00005480 precalculus. This course covers the Ts03p4s8LfA-00023-00005480-00005727 topics of polynomial, rational, Ts03p4s8LfA-00024-00005727-00005960 exponential, and logarithmic functions. Ts03p4s8LfA-00025-00005960-00006237 Your Math&141 course will prepare you Ts03p4s8LfA-00026-00006237-00006426 for a second quarter precalculus class Ts03p4s8LfA-00027-00006426-00006645 which focuses on trigonometry, and Ts03p4s8LfA-00028-00006645-00006795 eventually will lead to the entire Ts03p4s8LfA-00029-00006795-00007104 calculus series. The courses making up Ts03p4s8LfA-00030-00007104-00007359 this pathway are common in community Ts03p4s8LfA-00031-00007359-00007550 college and university curriculums, and Ts03p4s8LfA-00032-00007550-00007911 easily transferable. If you are planning Ts03p4s8LfA-00033-00007911-00008040 a business degree, Ts03p4s8LfA-00034-00008040-00008346 you may want or need to take Math 145: Ts03p4s8LfA-00035-00008346-00008571 Finite Mathematics for Business. Ts03p4s8LfA-00036-00008571-00008715 This course will build on the foundation Ts03p4s8LfA-00037-00008715-00009006 set in your algebra classes, with a focus Ts03p4s8LfA-00038-00009006-00009179 on functions which are useful for Ts03p4s8LfA-00039-00009179-00009372 business calculations and predictions. Ts03p4s8LfA-00040-00009372-00009717 Finite Math also includes introductions Ts03p4s8LfA-00041-00009717-00009972 to matrices, logic, statistics, and Ts03p4s8LfA-00042-00009972-00010218 probability - specifically using examples Ts03p4s8LfA-00043-00010218-00010475 from finance and economics applications. Ts03p4s8LfA-00044-00010475-00010779 The Math 145 course is a prerequisite Ts03p4s8LfA-00045-00010779-00011049 for Math& 148, our business calculus class. Ts03p4s8LfA-00046-00011049-00011429 If you are pursuing a degree in Ts03p4s8LfA-00047-00011429-00011649 engineering graphics, or you just want a Ts03p4s8LfA-00048-00011649-00011817 math class to better preparing for Ts03p4s8LfA-00049-00011817-00012036 physics, you may be interested in taking Ts03p4s8LfA-00050-00012036-00012286 Math 111: College Algebra Ts03p4s8LfA-00051-00012286-00012589 with Applications. This course will build Ts03p4s8LfA-00052-00012589-00012808 on algebra skills and introduce vectors Ts03p4s8LfA-00053-00012808-00013014 and trigonometry as a basis for Ts03p4s8LfA-00054-00013014-00013276 industrial and practical applications. Ts03p4s8LfA-00055-00013276-00013494 Keep in mind that Math 111 is not Ts03p4s8LfA-00056-00013494-00013732 required for precalculus and will not Ts03p4s8LfA-00057-00013732-00014002 meet any of the precalculus Ts03p4s8LfA-00058-00014002-00014313 requirements and prerequisites that you Ts03p4s8LfA-00059-00014313-00014524 would need to take calculus. If you plan Ts03p4s8LfA-00060-00014524-00014713 to take calculus, you should take Math& Ts03p4s8LfA-00061-00014713-00015187 141 instead. Each of these classes will Ts03p4s8LfA-00062-00015187-00015382 require using skills that you've learned Ts03p4s8LfA-00063-00015382-00015637 in earlier algebra courses, including: Ts03p4s8LfA-00064-00015637-00015925 understanding how to use formulas and Ts03p4s8LfA-00065-00015925-00016186 account for units of measurement, being Ts03p4s8LfA-00066-00016186-00016318 comfortable with working with Ts03p4s8LfA-00067-00016318-00016627 proportions or percentages, correctly Ts03p4s8LfA-00068-00016627-00016825 simplifying variable expressions - Ts03p4s8LfA-00069-00016825-00017128 including those with exponents, a basic Ts03p4s8LfA-00070-00017128-00017353 understanding of functions and how to Ts03p4s8LfA-00071-00017353-00017584 graph them, and, of course, being able to Ts03p4s8LfA-00072-00017584-00017764 solve a wide variety of equations of Ts03p4s8LfA-00073-00017764-00017977 various types including linear, quadratic, Ts03p4s8LfA-00074-00017977-00018235 rational, radical, and exponential Ts03p4s8LfA-00075-00018235-00018619 equations. A few of our other 100- Ts03p4s8LfA-00076-00018619-00018910 level courses may also appear to be in Ts03p4s8LfA-00077-00018910-00019087 your program plan or can be used as Ts03p4s8LfA-00078-00019087-00019333 electives. These courses are not as Ts03p4s8LfA-00079-00019333-00019600 algebra-intensive so completing either Ts03p4s8LfA-00080-00019600-00019987 our Math 98 course or our Math 99x Ts03p4s8LfA-00081-00019987-00020347 course would meet the prerequisites for Ts03p4s8LfA-00082-00020347-00020689 these classes. One common 100-level Ts03p4s8LfA-00083-00020689-00020947 math program requirement is Math&146: Ts03p4s8LfA-00084-00020947-00021198 Statistics. In this course, you will learn Ts03p4s8LfA-00085-00021198-00021409 how to use proper methods for collecting Ts03p4s8LfA-00086-00021409-00021754 data, calculate probabilities, and Ts03p4s8LfA-00087-00021754-00021940 look at different ways to analyze sample Ts03p4s8LfA-00088-00021940-00022165 data - including how to use your samples Ts03p4s8LfA-00089-00022165-00022312 to answer questions and make predictions Ts03p4s8LfA-00090-00022312-00022770 about large groups. Some programs require Ts03p4s8LfA-00091-00022770-00023110 Math&107: Math in Society. I like to call this Ts03p4s8LfA-00092-00023110-00023326 the "good citizen's math class". You will Ts03p4s8LfA-00093-00023326-00023473 look at a wide variety of applications Ts03p4s8LfA-00094-00023473-00023665 where you will see math in the real Ts03p4s8LfA-00095-00023665-00023875 world - including finances, population Ts03p4s8LfA-00096-00023875-00024570 growth, and some basic statistics. TEovO1sA-Zu-00000-00000252-00000474 foreign TEovO1sA-Zu-00001-00000570-00001110 thank you for joining me at midnight mule FPL this is the weekly video where we're looking at the TEovO1sA-Zu-00002-00001110-00001638 five percent game the idea is the people following this and following the instructions should finish TEovO1sA-Zu-00003-00001638-00002190 in the top five percent globally and therefore high up in their mini league they may even win it TEovO1sA-Zu-00004-00002190-00002598 who knows so if you're doing this please make sure you like it or if you just find it interesting TEovO1sA-Zu-00005-00002598-00003126 please also try and like the video because my likes and subscribers are much lower than lots of TEovO1sA-Zu-00006-00003126-00003702 other people who are equally as good as me perhaps maybe even better all right let's go on and look TEovO1sA-Zu-00007-00003702-00004152 at how we did in game week eight with this system and then the recommendations for game week nine TEovO1sA-Zu-00008-00004212-00004728 starting with the bankers everyone who's doing this system will have these four players Ward TEovO1sA-Zu-00009-00004728-00005478 James Martinelli and Harland in game week eight we put Ward on the bench Chelsea didn't play TEovO1sA-Zu-00010-00005478-00006042 but Martinelli got three and Harlan got six Holland had the mule hat he was our captain TEovO1sA-Zu-00011-00006042-00006773 so he actually got 12 points so our bank has got 15 points in game week eight keeper you'd have had TEovO1sA-Zu-00012-00006773-00007470 one of these two keepers either ramsdale or Pope ramsdale got six points and Pope got two so that TEovO1sA-Zu-00013-00007470-00008142 your keeper got an average of four you will have two of these defenders in your team Trent cancelo TEovO1sA-Zu-00014-00008142-00008952 perisic trippier Liverpool didn't play cancelo got nine parasit got two and trippier got five TEovO1sA-Zu-00015-00009018-00009582 so the average given you would have had two of these three potentially was 10.7 he would have got TEovO1sA-Zu-00016-00009582-00010182 a maximum of 14 if you had canteller and trippier worse was two if you had priority content but you TEovO1sA-Zu-00017-00010182-00010770 didn't have trench somebody comes in Off the Bench that could have been Luca Dean he got seven so I'm TEovO1sA-Zu-00018-00010770-00011136 kind of keeping these scores as if you didn't have the player who didn't play and someone came in Off TEovO1sA-Zu-00019-00011136-00011592 the Bench and it's only an approximation for this week because there are so many teams not playing TEovO1sA-Zu-00020-00011730-00012450 the midfielders you would have had three of these Diaz Bowen foden Madison Saka and zaha TEovO1sA-Zu-00021-00012546-00013002 now Liverpool didn't play so if you had him you'd have a bench person coming on TEovO1sA-Zu-00022-00013062-00013626 Bowen got to foden a Madison seven second nine and Crystal Palace didn't play TEovO1sA-Zu-00023-00013734-00014202 so on average you'd have got 19 and a half points from your Midfield you could have TEovO1sA-Zu-00024-00014202-00014646 got lucky and got 24 if you'd happen to choose food and medicine and attacker which is possible TEovO1sA-Zu-00025-00014802-00015240 um and the worst was 17 if you'd had of these Bowen Photon of Medicine TEovO1sA-Zu-00026-00015347-00015947 now you'd have had two of these forwards two of Jesus Tony Isaac TEovO1sA-Zu-00027-00015947-00016740 mitrovict and solanki Jesus got six Tony got two Isaac got nine mitrovic two solanki two TEovO1sA-Zu-00028-00016794-00017340 so you'd have got at least four points from these two forwards potentially 16 the average is 8.4 TEovO1sA-Zu-00029-00017496-00018162 you'd have had two of these Defenders chosen in your team and then one or more of these would have TEovO1sA-Zu-00030-00018162-00019038 come on for you Luca Dean fafana Justin Williams Patterson Luca Dean Got7 for farned II Justin TEovO1sA-Zu-00031-00019038-00019758 two Williams one Patterson six so an average of 7.2 from these maximum of 13 potentially TEovO1sA-Zu-00032-00019860-00020316 but like I said because there are so many permutations this week with so many teams TEovO1sA-Zu-00033-00020316-00020790 not playing I'm just kind of going with the players we know Play to work out the scores TEovO1sA-Zu-00034-00020862-00021408 one midfielder you would have chosen one of Andreas or Bailey these would have both started on TEovO1sA-Zu-00035-00021408-00022140 your bench they got 1.3 that's an average of two so this week if you'd had all the worst possible TEovO1sA-Zu-00036-00022140-00022788 players from our picks you'd have got 38 points the average was 52.3 and the best you could have TEovO1sA-Zu-00037-00022788-00023478 done from this system was 73. the global average was 50. there are three managers I know that are TEovO1sA-Zu-00038-00023478-00023982 following this system and they all got in the 60s this week so they got a better average they had TEovO1sA-Zu-00039-00023982-00024540 pretty good weeks I'd say and remember the point of this is you just watch this five percent video TEovO1sA-Zu-00040-00024540-00024978 every week follow the instructions and you'll do all right you don't need to spend lots of time TEovO1sA-Zu-00041-00024978-00025584 watching lots of videos doing lots of research for yourself the transfers for game week one now we've TEovO1sA-Zu-00042-00025584-00026088 got a few players that we chose last week that are injured Asics quite an important one that's TEovO1sA-Zu-00043-00026088-00026639 injured so you need to get rid of him and bring in one of these three any of these three you like TEovO1sA-Zu-00044-00026639-00027198 as long as you've not already got them of course potentially mitrovic's gonna do the best over the TEovO1sA-Zu-00045-00027198-00027845 next three weeks but they're all okay an advantage of solanki is you will have more money if we need TEovO1sA-Zu-00046-00027845-00028452 it before week 16 for something else but Tony is also very good I think they're all on penalties TEovO1sA-Zu-00047-00028536-00028938 it could be pretty close which one gets the most points any of these TEovO1sA-Zu-00048-00028938-00029333 or all of these will probably get between say 15 and 20 points in the next few weeks TEovO1sA-Zu-00049-00029514-00030048 so on the bench all we need to do is set the bench and the other 11 set themselves so you want to put TEovO1sA-Zu-00050-00030048-00030606 Ward on bench I'm now going to show you seven players the first player you have that I show TEovO1sA-Zu-00051-00030606-00031158 you goes into your number three slot on the bench the next one you have number two and the last one TEovO1sA-Zu-00052-00031158-00031733 goes into number one slot so Patterson would go last on your bench he's currently injured TEovO1sA-Zu-00053-00031806-00032226 but it's not worth getting rid of him he's 4.1 million and we're probably never going to use TEovO1sA-Zu-00054-00032226-00032748 him anyway then Luca Dean he's injured but reports are suggesting he may be available for the weekend TEovO1sA-Zu-00055-00032748-00033372 game there are way to lead leads are actually quite good at home so I'm fine with him being TEovO1sA-Zu-00056-00033372-00033996 this low down on the bench then Nico Williams away to Lester very feisty East Midlands Derby TEovO1sA-Zu-00057-00033996-00034860 hoping for a very good game there then Andreas fofana Bailey and Justin So Justin's obviously TEovO1sA-Zu-00058-00034860-00035298 at home to Nottingham Forest so that should be your bench the order you see there whichever TEovO1sA-Zu-00059-00035298-00035982 three you have you want to be going in that order regarding the captain I'm saying go for Harland TEovO1sA-Zu-00060-00036090-00036438 he can just score against anyone so hurling gets the old mule hat TEovO1sA-Zu-00061-00036600-00037212 he's the captain now regarding Vice Captain that's a bit more tricky potentially foden is going to TEovO1sA-Zu-00062-00037212-00037668 be the best Vice Captain pick this week but I always try to avoid having the captain and the TEovO1sA-Zu-00063-00037668-00038184 Vice Captain from the same team just in case the game gets canceled because then you lose TEovO1sA-Zu-00064-00038184-00038730 both of them so a general tip is always choose them from different teams so with that in mind TEovO1sA-Zu-00065-00038790-00039234 I think it's worth having Trent as the Vice Captain if you've got him so he would get TEovO1sA-Zu-00066-00039234-00039786 the vice captain's hat okay so Trent's at home to Brighton reasonable chance of a clean sheet TEovO1sA-Zu-00067-00039786-00040332 may get an assist if you don't have Trent but you have Madison then make him your Vice Captain home TEovO1sA-Zu-00068-00040332-00040734 to Nottingham Forest very nice if you don't have either of those two but you do have Tony TEovO1sA-Zu-00069-00040842-00041394 he gets to be your Vice Captain if you have none of those but you have Louis Diaz make him your TEovO1sA-Zu-00070-00041394-00041934 Vice Captain and if you have none of those well you have got James make him your voice Captain TEovO1sA-Zu-00071-00041934-00042414 so there it is that is the review of game week eight how it went and the preview for game week TEovO1sA-Zu-00072-00042414-00042852 9 and what I think you should do follow these rules we're heading for the top five percent TEovO1sA-Zu-00073-00042918-00043272 the three teams I'm aware of that are doing this aren't quite in the five percent yet TEovO1sA-Zu-00074-00043272-00043722 but that's absolutely fine we don't need to push until like January or February so don't TEovO1sA-Zu-00075-00043722-00044256 fret we should be okay thank you very much for watching I'll see you another time bye TFFxNYJkC00-00000-00000010-00000366 NUMBER GREW TO 801 KIDS. TFFxNYJkC00-00001-00000366-00000373 NUMBER GREW TO 801 KIDS. TFFxNYJkC00-00002-00000373-00000510 NUMBER GREW TO 801 KIDS. >>> A LOOK INTO THE CHRISTMAS TFFxNYJkC00-00003-00000510-00000517 NUMBER GREW TO 801 KIDS. >>> A LOOK INTO THE CHRISTMAS TFFxNYJkC00-00004-00000517-00000690 NUMBER GREW TO 801 KIDS. >>> A LOOK INTO THE CHRISTMAS STORY WAS HELD WEDNESDAY NIGHT TFFxNYJkC00-00005-00000690-00000697 >>> A LOOK INTO THE CHRISTMAS STORY WAS HELD WEDNESDAY NIGHT TFFxNYJkC00-00006-00000697-00000817 >>> A LOOK INTO THE CHRISTMAS STORY WAS HELD WEDNESDAY NIGHT IN BRAINERD THAT BROUGHT TFFxNYJkC00-00007-00000817-00000824 STORY WAS HELD WEDNESDAY NIGHT IN BRAINERD THAT BROUGHT TFFxNYJkC00-00008-00000824-00000927 STORY WAS HELD WEDNESDAY NIGHT IN BRAINERD THAT BROUGHT HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE OUT TO WALK TFFxNYJkC00-00009-00000927-00000934 IN BRAINERD THAT BROUGHT HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE OUT TO WALK TFFxNYJkC00-00010-00000934-00001151 IN BRAINERD THAT BROUGHT HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE OUT TO WALK THROUGH A LIVE NATIVITY. TFFxNYJkC00-00011-00001151-00001157 HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE OUT TO WALK THROUGH A LIVE NATIVITY. TFFxNYJkC00-00012-00001157-00001374 HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE OUT TO WALK THROUGH A LIVE NATIVITY. BETHLEHEM LUTHERAN CHURCH IN TFFxNYJkC00-00013-00001374-00001381 THROUGH A LIVE NATIVITY. BETHLEHEM LUTHERAN CHURCH IN TFFxNYJkC00-00014-00001381-00001578 THROUGH A LIVE NATIVITY. BETHLEHEM LUTHERAN CHURCH IN BRAINERD HELD THEIR BIENNIAL TFFxNYJkC00-00015-00001578-00001584 BETHLEHEM LUTHERAN CHURCH IN BRAINERD HELD THEIR BIENNIAL TFFxNYJkC00-00016-00001584-00001654 BETHLEHEM LUTHERAN CHURCH IN BRAINERD HELD THEIR BIENNIAL CHRISTMAS JOURNEY TONIGHT FOR TFFxNYJkC00-00017-00001654-00001661 BRAINERD HELD THEIR BIENNIAL CHRISTMAS JOURNEY TONIGHT FOR TFFxNYJkC00-00018-00001661-00001805 BRAINERD HELD THEIR BIENNIAL CHRISTMAS JOURNEY TONIGHT FOR ANYONE IN THE COMMUNITY TO TFFxNYJkC00-00019-00001805-00001811 CHRISTMAS JOURNEY TONIGHT FOR ANYONE IN THE COMMUNITY TO TFFxNYJkC00-00020-00001811-00001881 CHRISTMAS JOURNEY TONIGHT FOR ANYONE IN THE COMMUNITY TO ATTEND. TFFxNYJkC00-00021-00001881-00001888 ANYONE IN THE COMMUNITY TO ATTEND. TFFxNYJkC00-00022-00001888-00002052 ANYONE IN THE COMMUNITY TO ATTEND. THE LIVE NATIVITY WAS FREE TO TFFxNYJkC00-00023-00002052-00002058 ATTEND. THE LIVE NATIVITY WAS FREE TO TFFxNYJkC00-00024-00002058-00002162 ATTEND. THE LIVE NATIVITY WAS FREE TO THE PUBLIC AND OFFERED FIVE TFFxNYJkC00-00025-00002162-00002168 THE LIVE NATIVITY WAS FREE TO THE PUBLIC AND OFFERED FIVE TFFxNYJkC00-00026-00002168-00002278 THE LIVE NATIVITY WAS FREE TO THE PUBLIC AND OFFERED FIVE STATIONS FOR PEOPLE TO WALK TFFxNYJkC00-00027-00002278-00002285 THE PUBLIC AND OFFERED FIVE STATIONS FOR PEOPLE TO WALK TFFxNYJkC00-00028-00002285-00002405 THE PUBLIC AND OFFERED FIVE STATIONS FOR PEOPLE TO WALK THROUGH, FEATURING THE BIBLICAL TFFxNYJkC00-00029-00002405-00002412 STATIONS FOR PEOPLE TO WALK THROUGH, FEATURING THE BIBLICAL TFFxNYJkC00-00030-00002412-00002926 STATIONS FOR PEOPLE TO WALK THROUGH, FEATURING THE BIBLICAL STORY OF JESUS' BIRTH. TFFxNYJkC00-00031-00002926-00002932 THROUGH, FEATURING THE BIBLICAL STORY OF JESUS' BIRTH. TFFxNYJkC00-00032-00002932-00003133 THROUGH, FEATURING THE BIBLICAL STORY OF JESUS' BIRTH. >> THE JOURNEY WAS AN IDEA WE TFFxNYJkC00-00033-00003133-00003139 STORY OF JESUS' BIRTH. >> THE JOURNEY WAS AN IDEA WE TFFxNYJkC00-00034-00003139-00003306 STORY OF JESUS' BIRTH. >> THE JOURNEY WAS AN IDEA WE HAD ABOUT, I GUESS IT'S EIGHT TFFxNYJkC00-00035-00003306-00003313 >> THE JOURNEY WAS AN IDEA WE HAD ABOUT, I GUESS IT'S EIGHT TFFxNYJkC00-00036-00003313-00003720 >> THE JOURNEY WAS AN IDEA WE HAD ABOUT, I GUESS IT'S EIGHT YEARS AGO NOW, TO INVITE THE TFFxNYJkC00-00037-00003720-00003727 HAD ABOUT, I GUESS IT'S EIGHT YEARS AGO NOW, TO INVITE THE TFFxNYJkC00-00038-00003727-00003933 HAD ABOUT, I GUESS IT'S EIGHT YEARS AGO NOW, TO INVITE THE COMMUNITY IN AND HAVE THEM TFFxNYJkC00-00039-00003933-00003940 YEARS AGO NOW, TO INVITE THE COMMUNITY IN AND HAVE THEM TFFxNYJkC00-00040-00003940-00004100 YEARS AGO NOW, TO INVITE THE COMMUNITY IN AND HAVE THEM EXPERIENCE THE TRUE MEANING OF TFFxNYJkC00-00041-00004100-00004107 COMMUNITY IN AND HAVE THEM EXPERIENCE THE TRUE MEANING OF TFFxNYJkC00-00042-00004107-00004260 COMMUNITY IN AND HAVE THEM EXPERIENCE THE TRUE MEANING OF CHRISTMAS, SINCE CHRISTMAS TENDS TFFxNYJkC00-00043-00004260-00004267 EXPERIENCE THE TRUE MEANING OF CHRISTMAS, SINCE CHRISTMAS TENDS TFFxNYJkC00-00044-00004267-00004697 EXPERIENCE THE TRUE MEANING OF CHRISTMAS, SINCE CHRISTMAS TENDS TO BE OVERCOMMERCIALIZED. TFFxNYJkC00-00045-00004697-00004704 CHRISTMAS, SINCE CHRISTMAS TENDS TO BE OVERCOMMERCIALIZED. TFFxNYJkC00-00046-00004704-00004771 CHRISTMAS, SINCE CHRISTMAS TENDS TO BE OVERCOMMERCIALIZED. >> THE CHRISTMAS JOURNEY WAS TFFxNYJkC00-00047-00004771-00004778 TO BE OVERCOMMERCIALIZED. >> THE CHRISTMAS JOURNEY WAS TFFxNYJkC00-00048-00004778-00004851 TO BE OVERCOMMERCIALIZED. >> THE CHRISTMAS JOURNEY WAS HELD FOR THE FIRST TIME EIGHT TFFxNYJkC00-00049-00004851-00004858 >> THE CHRISTMAS JOURNEY WAS HELD FOR THE FIRST TIME EIGHT TFFxNYJkC00-00050-00004858-00004954 >> THE CHRISTMAS JOURNEY WAS HELD FOR THE FIRST TIME EIGHT YEARS AGO AND WAS ORIGINALLY TFFxNYJkC00-00051-00004954-00004961 HELD FOR THE FIRST TIME EIGHT YEARS AGO AND WAS ORIGINALLY TFFxNYJkC00-00052-00004961-00005065 HELD FOR THE FIRST TIME EIGHT YEARS AGO AND WAS ORIGINALLY HELD OUTDOORS. TFFxNYJkC00-00053-00005065-00005071 YEARS AGO AND WAS ORIGINALLY HELD OUTDOORS. TFFxNYJkC00-00054-00005071-00005171 YEARS AGO AND WAS ORIGINALLY HELD OUTDOORS. THE EVENT WAS MOVED INSIDE TO TFFxNYJkC00-00055-00005171-00005178 HELD OUTDOORS. THE EVENT WAS MOVED INSIDE TO TFFxNYJkC00-00056-00005178-00005275 HELD OUTDOORS. THE EVENT WAS MOVED INSIDE TO ACCOMMODATE VARYING WEATHER TFFxNYJkC00-00057-00005275-00005281 THE EVENT WAS MOVED INSIDE TO ACCOMMODATE VARYING WEATHER TFFxNYJkC00-00058-00005281-00005382 THE EVENT WAS MOVED INSIDE TO ACCOMMODATE VARYING WEATHER CONDITIONS. TFFxNYJkC00-00059-00005382-00005388 ACCOMMODATE VARYING WEATHER CONDITIONS. TFFxNYJkC00-00060-00005388-00005502 ACCOMMODATE VARYING WEATHER CONDITIONS. THE LIVE NATIVITY BROUGHT OVER TFFxNYJkC00-00061-00005502-00005508 CONDITIONS. THE LIVE NATIVITY BROUGHT OVER TFFxNYJkC00-00062-00005508-00005612 CONDITIONS. THE LIVE NATIVITY BROUGHT OVER 300 GUESTS THROUGH THE CHURCH TFFxNYJkC00-00063-00005612-00005618 THE LIVE NATIVITY BROUGHT OVER 300 GUESTS THROUGH THE CHURCH TFFxNYJkC00-00064-00005618-00006192 THE LIVE NATIVITY BROUGHT OVER 300 GUESTS THROUGH THE CHURCH JUST THIS YEAR. TFFxNYJkC00-00065-00006192-00006199 300 GUESTS THROUGH THE CHURCH JUST THIS YEAR. TFFxNYJkC00-00066-00006199-00006366 300 GUESTS THROUGH THE CHURCH JUST THIS YEAR. >> WE HAVE SOME GREAT LIGHTING TFFxNYJkC00-00067-00006366-00006373 JUST THIS YEAR. >> WE HAVE SOME GREAT LIGHTING TFFxNYJkC00-00068-00006373-00006723 JUST THIS YEAR. >> WE HAVE SOME GREAT LIGHTING AND SOME GREAT THEATRICS, AND TFFxNYJkC00-00069-00006723-00006730 >> WE HAVE SOME GREAT LIGHTING AND SOME GREAT THEATRICS, AND TFFxNYJkC00-00070-00006730-00006936 >> WE HAVE SOME GREAT LIGHTING AND SOME GREAT THEATRICS, AND IT'S GROWN VERY LARGE OVER THE TFFxNYJkC00-00071-00006936-00006943 AND SOME GREAT THEATRICS, AND IT'S GROWN VERY LARGE OVER THE TFFxNYJkC00-00072-00006943-00007220 AND SOME GREAT THEATRICS, AND IT'S GROWN VERY LARGE OVER THE LAST EIGHT YEARS. TFFxNYJkC00-00073-00007220-00007227 IT'S GROWN VERY LARGE OVER THE LAST EIGHT YEARS. TFFxNYJkC00-00074-00007227-00007320 IT'S GROWN VERY LARGE OVER THE LAST EIGHT YEARS. >> THE CHRISTMAS JOURNEY WAS TFFxNYJkC00-00075-00007320-00007327 LAST EIGHT YEARS. >> THE CHRISTMAS JOURNEY WAS TFFxNYJkC00-00076-00007327-00007427 LAST EIGHT YEARS. >> THE CHRISTMAS JOURNEY WAS OFFERED TWO NIGHTS THIS WEEK AND TFFxNYJkC00-00077-00007427-00007434 >> THE CHRISTMAS JOURNEY WAS OFFERED TWO NIGHTS THIS WEEK AND TFFxNYJkC00-00078-00007434-00007534 >> THE CHRISTMAS JOURNEY WAS OFFERED TWO NIGHTS THIS WEEK AND PROVIDED FREE CHILI AND A PHOTO TFFxNYJkC00-00079-00007534-00007540 OFFERED TWO NIGHTS THIS WEEK AND PROVIDED FREE CHILI AND A PHOTO TFFxNYJkC00-00080-00007540-00007604 OFFERED TWO NIGHTS THIS WEEK AND PROVIDED FREE CHILI AND A PHOTO BOOTH TO ALL THOSE WHO ATTENDED. TIG222e4asU-00000-00000045-00000130 Thanks you all TK9plrtauB8-00000-00000025-00000376 >> Hey all. I’ve been asked to say a few things about how my work life has TK9plrtauB8-00001-00000376-00000832 been different since we’ve entered this super strange time. Well, I have to say that I’ve TK9plrtauB8-00002-00000832-00001296 been extraordinarily lucky during all of this. Despite everything being turned upside down-- TK9plrtauB8-00003-00001296-00001600 >> Mommy? >> Oh, hang on a second. What happened, TK9plrtauB8-00004-00001600-00001752 baby? Did you hurt yourself? >> No. TK9plrtauB8-00005-00001752-00002048 >> Did Netflix ask you if you’re still watching? >> No. TK9plrtauB8-00006-00002048-00002328 >> Did Alexa get snappy with you again? >> No. TK9plrtauB8-00007-00002328-00002704 >> What’s the matter? >> Remi ate the last popsicle, TK9plrtauB8-00008-00002704-00003016 and I wanted it. >> Okay, well, TK9plrtauB8-00009-00003016-00003264 I’m doing some work stuff right now. Can we talk about it later? TK9plrtauB8-00010-00003496-00003920 So anyway, as I was saying, my work day hasn’t really been any different from what TK9plrtauB8-00011-00003920-00004288 it used to be. Aside from-- >> Mom, I can’t believe it. TK9plrtauB8-00012-00004288-00004687 >> Sorry, hang on. What’s the problem? Can you not log into Clever? TK9plrtauB8-00013-00004687-00004737 >> No. TK9plrtauB8-00014-00004766-00004874 >> Schooligy? >> No. TK9plrtauB8-00015-00004909-00005037 >> Kahn academy? >> No. TK9plrtauB8-00016-00005057-00005147 >> Google Classroom? TK9plrtauB8-00017-00005208-00005376 I-Ready? Zoom? TK9plrtauB8-00018-00005464-00005664 Class Dojo? Lexia? TK9plrtauB8-00019-00005720-00005936 Microsoft Teams? Power School? TK9plrtauB8-00020-00006000-00006064 BrainPop? TK9plrtauB8-00021-00006128-00006320 Imagine Math? Blooms? TK9plrtauB8-00022-00006384-00006559 Ed Moto? Cahoot? TK9plrtauB8-00023-00006648-00007064 Typing Club? >> No, it’s just Sydney took the last popsicle. TK9plrtauB8-00024-00007064-00007288 And are you okay? >> Yeah, why? TK9plrtauB8-00025-00007695-00008031 So, yeah, as I was saying, you know, I get just as much work done. TK9plrtauB8-00026-00008088-00008584 I think I’ve been more productive, weirdly. >> Hey hon, are we out of toilet paper? TK9plrtauB8-00027-00008584-00008848 >> What? No way. Did you check the upstairs bathroom? TK9plrtauB8-00028-00008848-00009000 >> Mm-hmm. >> The downstairs bathroom? TK9plrtauB8-00029-00009000-00009168 >> Mm-hmm. >> The toilet paper bunker? TK9plrtauB8-00030-00009168-00009568 [snaps fingers] >> Ah, okay. TK9plrtauB8-00031-00009568-00009764 You got your camera on? >> TK9plrtauB8-00032-00009880-00010179 So, yeah, it’s just been business as usual around here. TKYwQkUuuL0-00000-00000108-00000383 (tranquil music) TKYwQkUuuL0-00001-00000503-00000868 - Put your hands up if you were not familiar with Binners. TKYwQkUuuL0-00002-00000868-00001200 So if everybody here told ten of their friends about it, TKYwQkUuuL0-00003-00001424-00001619 we have changed the conversation. TKYwQkUuuL0-00004-00002100-00002461 - The Binners not only changed how we saw their role TKYwQkUuuL0-00005-00002461-00002710 in the city, they changed policies. TKYwQkUuuL0-00006-00002710-00003004 The expansion of what is recyclable in our city TKYwQkUuuL0-00007-00003004-00003319 was accomplished by the Binners. TKYwQkUuuL0-00008-00003319-00003594 (tranquil music) TKYwQkUuuL0-00009-00003865-00004152 - We want to put 40, 50, 60 of these into the city TKYwQkUuuL0-00010-00004152-00004478 and create a wave where people see them and know TKYwQkUuuL0-00011-00004478-00004725 what the bright green shirts, the hats and these bins mean. TKYwQkUuuL0-00012-00004725-00004897 That's what we want to do. TKYwQkUuuL0-00013-00004897-00005018 - Most Binners, you see them all. TKYwQkUuuL0-00014-00005018-00005285 We're all just normal, hardworking people that are TKYwQkUuuL0-00015-00005285-00005570 trying to get economic opportunities. TKYwQkUuuL0-00016-00005841-00006256 - 15,000 dollars puts 100 people into the Binners' Program. TKYwQkUuuL0-00017-00006394-00006603 Does anyone have anything that they could offer TKYwQkUuuL0-00018-00006603-00006789 to kick us off? TKYwQkUuuL0-00019-00006789-00007060 - We decided to invest $15,000. TKYwQkUuuL0-00020-00007060-00007285 (applause) TKYwQkUuuL0-00021-00007620-00008064 - And so our family, personally, we'd like to give 7,500. TKYwQkUuuL0-00022-00008064-00008289 (applause) TKYwQkUuuL0-00023-00008508-00008783 (tranquil music) TKYwQkUuuL0-00024-00010204-00010440 - So now I have friends and loved ones. TKYwQkUuuL0-00025-00010573-00010691 I had dreams. TKYwQkUuuL0-00026-00011068-00011272 It totally changed my life, 100%. TKYwQkUuuL0-00027-00011484-00011759 (tranquil music) TLgGYaPLksc-00000-00000040-00000816 because i could not stop for death he kindly whoa emily dickinson wrote that that's not the TLgGYaPLksc-00001-00000816-00001312 right that was not what we're talking about i mean it's not what we're talking about i can TLgGYaPLksc-00002-00001312-00002312 never read all the books i want i can never be all the people live all the lives i want to live TLgGYaPLksc-00003-00002448-00003064 i can never train myself in all the skills that i want TLgGYaPLksc-00004-00003304-00003504 and why do i want TLgGYaPLksc-00005-00003768-00004047 i want to live TLgGYaPLksc-00006-00004232-00005784 and feel all the shades and tones and variations of mental and physical experience possible in life TLgGYaPLksc-00007-00006048-00007231 and i am horribly TLgGYaPLksc-00008-00007231-00007880 kind of sad right i mean i don't know i want a tattoo of it that was from sylvia plath anyway TLgGYaPLksc-00009-00007880-00008448 recently so i went on thrift books um i like it's a pretty good place to buy used books it's not TLgGYaPLksc-00010-00008448-00008936 like the best um like i don't know i feel like if you really want like a low price for a book like TLgGYaPLksc-00011-00008936-00009360 you can kind of search around i found like pretty decent ones on thrift books especially for like TLgGYaPLksc-00012-00009360-00010048 classics or like things that like everybody's read once like eat pray love or like rich dad poor dad TLgGYaPLksc-00013-00010048-00010536 like things that i feel like a lot of people want to read and then not everyone necessarily like TLgGYaPLksc-00014-00010536-00010888 falls in love with and wants to keep um it's pretty good but anyway TLgGYaPLksc-00015-00010888-00011992 i went and i added all of my like to read books on story graph to my cart um and it was devastating TLgGYaPLksc-00016-00011992-00012808 and it was devastating because those are only the books on my to read list now i'm and TLgGYaPLksc-00017-00012960-00013640 i've added at least five since then um but anyway then i went and i and i removed all TLgGYaPLksc-00018-00013640-00014256 of the ones that were like five dollars or more so anything that was five dollars or less i kept TLgGYaPLksc-00019-00014256-00015008 and it was like a little bit more reasonable um and like i don't know a generous christmas gift TLgGYaPLksc-00020-00015008-00015688 and so i started thinking about like you know the [__] that i care about in life the things that i TLgGYaPLksc-00021-00015688-00016552 want from my life the things i want to experience and do the thing that i care about is art um that TLgGYaPLksc-00022-00016552-00017824 is my passion i am an artsy kid i have been since i was a wee lass um i wanted to be a pop star and TLgGYaPLksc-00023-00017824-00018624 then a nail tech um my main one for a very long time was a tightrope walker like i wanted to be a TLgGYaPLksc-00024-00018624-00019144 tightrope walker like in the circus with a tutu um i remember drawing many pictures of it and TLgGYaPLksc-00025-00019144-00019912 people asked what i wanted to be not only am i an artsy person but i value art so highly there is so TLgGYaPLksc-00026-00020016-00021120 much to be learned and experienced from it and i want i want to not only create art TLgGYaPLksc-00027-00021120-00022040 but be inspired by and consume all of the art of others i want to watch the shows and the movies TLgGYaPLksc-00028-00022040-00023264 read the books understand the philosophy like see the paintings the clothes and so at that point TLgGYaPLksc-00029-00023616-00024448 i guess what sylvia plath is trying to say is what do we do when we have such a huge list TLgGYaPLksc-00030-00024448-00025096 like that and you know i don't know a lot of times i just look at all that stuff i want to do and i TLgGYaPLksc-00031-00025096-00025600 get so excited about a lot of people it's the countries they want to go to they want to go to TLgGYaPLksc-00032-00025600-00026080 every country you know and so they get so excited about all the places that they see themselves in TLgGYaPLksc-00033-00026080-00027056 and and i do that too i i see myself in different countries and cultures in museums i see myself TLgGYaPLksc-00034-00027056-00028112 reading so much um and watching so much and just producing content and thoughts about all of my TLgGYaPLksc-00035-00028112-00028688 stuff that's so much but what do we do when we actually count everything up and we look at the TLgGYaPLksc-00036-00028688-00029408 days and the time and we realize that we [__] can't um and that's kind of scary and depressing TLgGYaPLksc-00037-00029568-00030016 sylvia plath ladies and gentlemen but god isn't it weird to think about like there will be TLgGYaPLksc-00038-00030112-00030983 dresses we never got to buy there will be places we never got to go films we never got to watch TLgGYaPLksc-00039-00031160-00031952 and so like how do we confront and process our limitedness TLgGYaPLksc-00040-00032120-00032744 and like typically my my answer would be like what no limits [__] um we can push those TLgGYaPLksc-00041-00032744-00033728 but like unfortunately time exists well no not actually time um rather the human aging process TLgGYaPLksc-00042-00033728-00034408 exists because the former was actually made up by humans um but the second one definitely exists TLgGYaPLksc-00043-00034408-00035320 and so i guess you know we try our best and we spend the time on what we value most and it all TLgGYaPLksc-00044-00035320-00035952 circles back to regrets and what-ifs and if it's a concept that interests you TLgGYaPLksc-00045-00036016-00036432 i would highly recommend reading this book the idea of how we may or may not have been TLgGYaPLksc-00046-00036512-00037232 affected by something that we will never have the chance to shake hands with how much time TLgGYaPLksc-00047-00037232-00037776 i don't know then you kind of ask yourself the question does anybody want to live forever and TLgGYaPLksc-00048-00037776-00038312 frankly we could be here for hours so personally i've tried to get really good at figuring out TLgGYaPLksc-00049-00038368-00038984 what's for me and what's not and i don't mean being close-minded or rushing things TLgGYaPLksc-00050-00039040-00040152 i usually give books anywhere between 100 pages i usually finish movies if they're under three hours TLgGYaPLksc-00051-00040248-00040680 then i definitely quit shows all the time if i don't want to watch the next episode i don't TLgGYaPLksc-00052-00040680-00041168 want to watch that next episode i don't tell you and i mean i guess you could look at it like TLgGYaPLksc-00053-00041168-00042184 there's just this grand giant pile of art like it's glittering i think it's glittering and like TLgGYaPLksc-00054-00042312-00042976 you'll always be able to fall into it and swim and find new stuff like what a testament TLgGYaPLksc-00055-00042976-00043792 to the human mind and soul that we just keep creating and we never stop that's pretty cool TLgGYaPLksc-00056-00044024-00044832 less sad so gratitude and boundaries i guess this was just a little talk that i kind of had TLgGYaPLksc-00057-00044832-00045608 with my own brain with all these thoughts that are percolating but if you were interested in TLgGYaPLksc-00058-00045608-00046376 any of the weird mind dump um that i talked about here i would highly recommend reading this book TLgGYaPLksc-00059-00046376-00047280 the midnight library and the bell jar by sylvia plath if you enjoy just sort of dark philosophical TLgGYaPLksc-00060-00047280-00048232 a little bit depressing but kind of do make you think about existence um and solitude um sophie TLgGYaPLksc-00061-00048232-00048880 plath is your girl and if you just like thinking about life and our choices and limitedness TLgGYaPLksc-00062-00048968-00049824 and unlimitedness in general highly recommend this one so thank you guys so very much for watching i TLgGYaPLksc-00063-00049824-00050408 appreciate it so very much if you did like this and you would like to see more videos like this TLgGYaPLksc-00064-00050408-00050840 feel free to give it a like to let me know you enjoyed it and subscribe so that you see TLgGYaPLksc-00065-00050840-00051984 the next one thank you so very much once again i love you and i will see you in the next one TLgGYaPLksc-00066-00053591-00053600 you TLrRY4SuDv4-00000-00000032-00000663 ON OCTOBER 12TH, 2000 IN THE PORT OF AIDEN IN YEMEN, SUICIDE BOMBERS ATTACKED THE USS TLrRY4SuDv4-00001-00000663-00001100 COLE. KILLING 17 SAILORS AND WOUNDING 37. TLrRY4SuDv4-00002-00001100-00001559 IN AN EFFORT TO PREVENT ATTACKS LIKE THIS ONE FROM OCCURRING AGAIN, THE COASTAL RIVERINE TLrRY4SuDv4-00003-00001559-00002175 SQUADRON ONE PATROLS THE WATERS OF EAST AFRICA. PROVIDING SECURITY FOR SERVICE MEMBERS SUPPORTING TLrRY4SuDv4-00004-00002175-00002675 COMBINED JOINT TASK FORCE HORN OF AFRICA AND CAMP LEMONNIER IN THE PORT OF DJIBOUTI. TLrRY4SuDv4-00005-00002675-00003193 "WE PROVIDE SECURITY FOR THE SHIPS THAT ARE HERE. IT'S VITALLY IMPORTANT; WE'RE HERE TO TLrRY4SuDv4-00006-00003193-00003775 PROVIDE AN OVER WATCH FOR THE GUYS THAT COME IN HERE. WITH WHAT HAPPENED TO THE USS COLE TLrRY4SuDv4-00007-00003775-00004196 IT'S WHY WE GET UP EVERYDAY. IT'S TO MAKE SURE THAT NEVER HAPPENS AGAIN." TLrRY4SuDv4-00008-00004196-00004730 THANKS TO THE RIVERINES COMBINED JOINT TASK FORCE HORN OF AFRICA CAN REST EASIER KNOWING TLrRY4SuDv4-00009-00004730-00005066 THESE CRS1 SAILORS ARE ON PATROL. TLrRY4SuDv4-00010-00005066-00005470 REPORTING FROM DJIBOUTI I'M AIR FORCE STAFF SERGEANT JESSICA WOLTER. TpvTtkWtWUo-00000-00000000-00000472 Bshhhhhh look over there up left up left TpvTtkWtWUo-00001-00000472-00001082 nerow bshhhh bshhhhhh pew pew TpvTtkWtWUo-00002-00001082-00001500 vrooooooooom cachow yehaw TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00000-00000489-00001051 Sadhguru: Why is sound so much more important than a word, which is a meaning. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00001-00001051-00001342 If you touch the sound, you're touching creation. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00002-00001342-00001483 If you touch a word, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00003-00001483-00001866 you're just going into the psychological structure of human beings. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00004-00002280-00002699 Do not discount the power of the sound, it has influence on everything. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00005-00002699-00003326 Mantra is a combination, you get the right combination right, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00006-00003326-00004269 it will open up a doorway into creation. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00007-00004271-00004550 Questioner: Namaskaram Sadhguru. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00008-00004550-00005170 Is it okay to chant mantras without knowing the meaning? TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00009-00005170-00005458 Sadhguru: Mantras have no meaning. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00010-00005458-00005902 See, there are two dimensions to a mantra. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00011-00005902-00006219 Mantras are not supposed to have any meanings. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00012-00006219-00006895 In the tradition there are different types of mantras. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00013-00006895-00007330 Unfortunately, the mantras which are normally known, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00014-00007330-00007906 they have given the meanings so that people can involve. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00015-00007906-00008383 Because there are lots of idiotic people who cannot involve with anything TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00016-00008383-00008547 that's meaningless. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00017-00008550-00008916 That is why they miss the sunrise, the sunset, the moon, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00018-00008916-00009300 the full moon, everything they miss, because it's meaningless. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00019-00009300-00009550 What is the meaning of a full moon? TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00020-00009550-00009852 There is no meaning. Only if you're in love, it means a lot. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00021-00009852-00010198 Otherwise, what is it? Nothing. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00022-00010198-00010526 It’s not meaningful means it is not useful. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00023-00010526-00011270 So, all the idiots on the planet will do only meaningful things. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00024-00011270-00011450 Yes. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00025-00011450-00012122 Because they have no intelligence to recognize life and the many facets of life. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00026-00012122-00012515 It is not, because you have attached a stupid meaning to it, it exists. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00027-00012515-00012703 It exists beyond you. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00028-00012703-00013060 It existed before you, it will exist beyond you. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00029-00013060-00013656 It is not, because you give it a meaning it's become useful or not useful. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00030-00013656-00014307 So, the stupid in the world will do meaningful things. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00031-00014487-00014819 They may be intellectual, but life stupid. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00032-00014819-00015172 They have no life sense. If you have life sense, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00033-00015172-00015606 you will see it is the most meaningless things which really set you on fire, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00034-00015606-00015969 isn't it so? No. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00035-00015969-00016265 So they created two kinds of mantras. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00036-00016265-00016858 One larger set of mantras which have no meaning, just pure sound. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00037-00016858-00017130 You will see this in our music also. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00038-00017132-00017360 The Yaksha program happened just now. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00039-00017360-00017694 And many of our people who are looking for meanings TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00040-00017694-00018013 were thoroughly bored, because they're doing alaap for forty minutes TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00041-00018013-00018394 aaaa…(Laughter). TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00042-00018394-00019046 “Say something, say at least Shiva, shambo something” (Laughter). TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00043-00019046-00019552 No, aaaa, ting, ting (Laughter). TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00044-00019552-00019886 They're not getting the point because it's about the sound. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00045-00019886-00020555 Why is so… sound so much more important than a word which is a meaning? TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00046-00020555-00020850 Meanings are made up in human minds. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00047-00020850-00021190 Sound is the essence of creation. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00048-00021190-00021466 If you touch the sound, you're touching creation. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00049-00021466-00021603 If you touch a word, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00050-00021603-00022090 you're just going into the psychological structure of human beings. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00051-00022090-00022958 Psychological structure of human beings is essentially a certain kind of madness. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00052-00022958-00023233 We can enjoy it; we can use it. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00053-00023233-00023692 But essentially, it's a certain kind of illusionary setup. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00054-00023692-00024249 Sound is a… is a fundamental aspect of creation. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00055-00024249-00024589 If you have mastery over sound, you have mastery over TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00056-00024589-00024872 creation itself in a certain way, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00057-00024872-00025406 because creation is just a complex amalgamation of sounds. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00058-00025406-00026156 It's the blueprint of creation, but meanings are human things. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00059-00026156-00026418 You know the same words TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00060-00026418-00026752 mean different things in different languages, even in India, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00061-00026752-00026924 you know this (Laughs). TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00062-00026924-00027385 The same word means different things, because it's all made up. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00063-00027385-00027851 The sound is not made up. Sound is part of the creation. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00064-00027851-00028045 Sound is part of the existence. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00065-00028045-00028413 Sound is part of making the creation happen. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00066-00028416-00028958 Right now, the whole creation is reverberating in a certain way. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00067-00028958-00029220 You cannot hear it, it doesn't matter. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00068-00029220-00029759 But the words and meanings are a human making. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00069-00029759-00030098 It is meaningful only as a conspiracy. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00070-00030098-00030563 When I say a conspiracy, do you hear what the cricket is saying? TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00071-00030563-00030874 What is he saying? You don't know, but they're talking. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00072-00030877-00031166 They're also like you (Few laugh). TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00073-00031166-00031697 Some of them are just making sound, just doing alaap (Laughter). TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00074-00031697-00032010 Just sound, simply enjoying the sound. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00075-00032010-00032543 Enjoying the creation in one sense means, enjoying the sound of it. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00076-00032543-00032868 If you don't have a keenness to listen, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00077-00032868-00033133 if you don't have a keenness to pay attention, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00078-00033133-00033499 you cannot enjoy any aspect of creation actually. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00079-00033499-00033883 You will only enjoy psychological patterns in your head. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00080-00033883-00034327 So, this is the reason why most human beings want to speak. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00081-00034327-00034592 Most of the time they want to be talking. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00082-00034592-00034823 Not because they have something to say, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00083-00034823-00035188 because they have to find meaning. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00084-00035188-00035634 Simply the silence or sound both are too overwhelming. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00085-00035634-00036242 That is why when we say spiritual process, first thing is silence. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00086-00036242-00036604 If you are psychologically very stable, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00087-00036604-00036886 we may say, “Okay, thirty-day silence, sixty-day silence.” TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00088-00036886-00037327 If you're psychologically fragile, we’ll say, “Okay, three days.” TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00089-00037330-00037514 Three days also people go crazy. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00090-00037514-00037790 We’ll say, “Okay, half a day silence, up to noon silence, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00091-00037790-00037985 after that you blabber.” TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00092-00037985-00038529 They usually make it up after noon (Laughter). TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00093-00038529-00039190 Those of you who talk a lot, you know, meaning is meaningless. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00094-00039190-00039509 You can simply talk, a whole lot of people are experts, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00095-00039511-00039733 they can simply speak without any meaning. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00096-00039733-00040220 They have understood the importance of sound. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00097-00040220-00040583 They can go on talking without making any meaning. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00098-00040583-00041039 Now, if you are a bird, we would pardon you. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00099-00041039-00041502 If you are this one, we would be okay. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00100-00041502-00041936 Or if you're a musician, you would be okay to make meaningless sounds - TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00101-00041936-00042357 if you’re speaking, you are expected to make some meaning. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00102-00042358-00042853 So, mantra is not to be spoken. It is to be chanted. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00103-00042853-00043393 Chanting means it's a… chant is of the sound, not of the meaning. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00104-00043393-00043571 Meaning is of speech. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00105-00043571-00043918 Meaning is of the word, written word and spoken word. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00106-00043918-00044136 Meaning does not belong to a chant. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00107-00044136-00044648 A chant is simply a sound, a reverberation. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00108-00044648-00044960 So, if you, the… if you do not know the meaning, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00109-00044960-00045266 it's the best way to chant if you ask me. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00110-00045266-00045619 Simply absolutely involved with the sound and saying it. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00111-00045619-00046033 But first of all, what you are uttering, is it a mantra TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00112-00046033-00046453 or is it a bhajan or is it a sankirthan, you must look at it. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00113-00046453-00046838 If it's a mantra, mantra means a pure sound, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00114-00046838-00047007 it need not have any meanings. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00115-00047007-00047281 You can give it whatever meaning you want to start with, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00116-00047281-00047598 because without meaning you cannot be involved. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00117-00047598-00047806 But once you know how to be involved, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00118-00047806-00048005 you should not give it any meaning. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00119-00048005-00048377 Aum Namah Shivaya does not mean you go on imagining TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00120-00048377-00048795 one man sitting there on top of a mountain with TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00121-00048798-00049215 something, something happening around him. No (Laughs). TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00122-00049215-00049530 Initially, if that's the only way you can be involved, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00123-00049530-00049983 you can look at the Sivakasi picture (Laughter). Okay? TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00124-00049983-00050267 Once you know how to be involved with the sound, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00125-00050267-00050794 you get rid of the man. He is not needed. He's a disturbance. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00126-00050794-00051109 I'm telling people in samyama, they’re chanting, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00127-00051109-00051309 their question if Shiva comes? TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00128-00051309-00051570 I am calling so many times, if he comes? TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00129-00051570-00051928 if he comes, just ignore him (Laughter). TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00130-00051930-00052187 Because that's not the thing about mantra. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00131-00052187-00052591 The mantra is that you involve yourself in the sound, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00132-00052591-00052992 because you yourself, your physical thing is a certain pattern of sound. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00133-00052992-00053374 Right now, you're trying to make yourself into a different pattern of sound, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00134-00053374-00053920 so that this sound becomes an access point to the larger sound, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00135-00053920-00054119 which you call as the cosmos. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00136-00054119-00054603 A larger arrangement of sounds is cosmic in nature. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00137-00054603-00055174 Now, you use a certain key sounds in a particular arrangement - you know, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00138-00055177-00055579 in the safe, the locks are called a combination lock? TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00139-00055579-00055862 So, you have to just get it right for it to open. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00140-00055862-00056214 So, mantra is a combination, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00141-00056214-00056510 you get the right combination right, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00142-00056510-00056807 it will open up a doorway into creation. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00143-00056807-00057094 It is not the meaning. Whatever meaning you give it, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00144-00057094-00057420 however high or low, you think the meaning is, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00145-00057420-00057814 meaning is a made-up thing. It's a psychological process. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00146-00057814-00058277 It has no existential meaning. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00147-00058277-00058576 No word has any existential meaning. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00148-00058576-00058976 Right now, whatever English words we’re uttering TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00149-00058976-00059219 doesn't mean anything to the trees. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00150-00059219-00059658 But if you… you can actually… these experiments have been done. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00151-00059658-00060009 If you sit here and sing beautifully - I cannot do that. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00152-00060009-00060512 But (Laughs) if we sit here and sing really aaa… properly, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00153-00060515-00061055 the trees, the tree is full of flower, tch, it could be because of Yaksha. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00154-00061055-00061266 Okay the rains have aided it, TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00155-00061266-00061600 but don't… do not discount the power of the sound. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00156-00061600-00061963 Do not discount the power of the sound, it has influence on everything. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00157-00061963-00062433 Or if you chant a mantra, the tree may respond to it. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00158-00062435-00062805 If you sing music, it may respond to it. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00159-00062805-00063116 If you just generate a thought, it may respond to it. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00160-00063116-00063369 But if you speak, it will not respond. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00161-00063369-00063928 This is true with the tree; this is true with the divine. TR9J8Cg6KyQ-00162-00063930-00064130 Instrumental music… TSrqkLG0Puo-00000-00000000-00000618 what's up Gamers welcome to the final episode in our series for Shawnee Pokemon locations this is TSrqkLG0Puo-00001-00000618-00001038 going to be the water Pokemon location video and you're gonna be able to find tons of water TSrqkLG0Puo-00002-00001038-00001542 pokemon shinies by following this guy now if you want to watch any of our other videos which is TSrqkLG0Puo-00003-00001542-00001986 basically all the other typings go ahead and check out this playlist it has been done it TSrqkLG0Puo-00004-00001986-00002466 is complete we have tons of videos in there and you guys subscribing and helping this series go TSrqkLG0Puo-00005-00002466-00002874 along is amazing so thank you all for hitting that like button subscribing and watching this TSrqkLG0Puo-00006-00002874-00003329 and I'm glad you are all getting your shinies in this game but now it's time to get into the water TSrqkLG0Puo-00007-00003329-00003965 video which is by far one of the most difficult videos in this series now since water Pokemon TSrqkLG0Puo-00008-00003965-00004494 are by far the most difficult Pokemon to hunt with sandwiches in this game there's going to TSrqkLG0Puo-00009-00004494-00004968 have to be a few techniques in order for everyone to get the water Pokemon they want one of them is TSrqkLG0Puo-00010-00004968-00005436 going to be by first using different sandwiches to isolate all the Dual type ones which we'll talk TSrqkLG0Puo-00011-00005436-00005904 about the second method is going to be by date skipping in a specific location while your water TSrqkLG0Puo-00012-00005904-00006414 sandwich is active in order to get mass outbreaks you can just do that if you don't like the style TSrqkLG0Puo-00013-00006414-00006804 of hunting in this video and we'll go over the ones that are going to need that and the third TSrqkLG0Puo-00014-00007062-00007566 one find the Pokemon you specifically want but that's why I made this guide to make it a little TSrqkLG0Puo-00015-00007566-00008118 bit helpful for you all let's go two Pokemon that I want to mention first are regular Whooper which TSrqkLG0Puo-00016-00008118-00008718 you can get from a trade in casca Rafa by talking to a lady over there you must bring her a pow day TSrqkLG0Puo-00017-00008718-00009198 and Uber and she'll give you the regular Whooper but the only way to get that shiny is by breeding TSrqkLG0Puo-00018-00009198-00009672 and the fastest way is Masuda breeding the next Pokemon is going to be rodem wash and TSrqkLG0Puo-00019-00009672-00010086 the only way to get Rotom wash is by watching our electric video so you can see how to grab yourself TSrqkLG0Puo-00020-00010086-00010764 a rotum which you will eventually change into a Rotom wash with an item hey I heard that if you TSrqkLG0Puo-00021-00010764-00011226 do hit that subscribe button and hit the like button you will get shiny luck and get tons of TSrqkLG0Puo-00022-00011226-00011640 water Pokemon that are shiny seriously you should probably do it every subscriber on this channel TSrqkLG0Puo-00023-00011640-00012012 can tell you it's working and you should become a subscriber too because you can say it's gonna TSrqkLG0Puo-00024-00012012-00012648 work now surskit is a bug water Pokemon and you can find this Pokemon basically around most of TSrqkLG0Puo-00025-00012648-00013182 the water bodies in the South part of the map you go around any of the water areas and as you walk TSrqkLG0Puo-00026-00013182-00013697 around you'll see them spawn with the best way to get these to spawn in large amounts is going TSrqkLG0Puo-00027-00013697-00014268 to be by using a bug sandwich the bug sandwich will be the best way in order to do that so just TSrqkLG0Puo-00028-00014268-00014747 go in and out respawn them from the water bodies and then come back to them eventually they will TSrqkLG0Puo-00029-00014747-00015156 lose their water typing and become just a bug flying so if you want to get the pre-evolution TSrqkLG0Puo-00030-00015156-00015641 it's right over there and they're a little bit darker than the normal one now for these three TSrqkLG0Puo-00031-00015641-00016194 hunts we're gonna be talking about Casa Royale Lake if you want to hunt down marrows and zoom TSrqkLG0Puo-00032-00016194-00016674 rolls you're gonna have to pop the fairy sandwich and when you pop the fairy sandwich your goal is TSrqkLG0Puo-00033-00016674-00017226 pretty much to be walking around or zooming really fast back and forth in this area and by doing that TSrqkLG0Puo-00034-00017226-00017838 you'll just get families of marals and azumaros to spawn now marrow will be a green Pokemon and a TSrqkLG0Puo-00035-00017838-00018288 zoom roll will be yellow so when you're running around this area and you also are jumping in TSrqkLG0Puo-00036-00018288-00018834 the water you'll be able to find easy marrows and zoom rolls because they are family spawns the same TSrqkLG0Puo-00037-00018834-00019326 thing's gonna apply if you are looking for churro or dreadnaughts when you pop a rock sandwich TSrqkLG0Puo-00038-00019326-00019770 and run around this area you're gonna just get families of dreadnoughts and choodles spawning TSrqkLG0Puo-00039-00019770-00020238 everywhere and when there's family spawning like I mentioned you can go really fast I found mine TSrqkLG0Puo-00040-00020238-00020736 over in this little river uh at the start right at the castle Royale spot but they're pretty much TSrqkLG0Puo-00041-00020736-00021378 everywhere you go when you're walking along this long path in the area now another Pokemon that you TSrqkLG0Puo-00042-00021378-00021912 can also get by popping the psychic sandwich this is One's Gonna Be big because popping a psychic is TSrqkLG0Puo-00043-00021912-00022500 going to separate them out from so many others are slow poke and slow bro now slow folks are a little TSrqkLG0Puo-00044-00022500-00023064 bit harder to determine as a Shiny Pokemon because they're a lot lighter but slow bro is going to be TSrqkLG0Puo-00045-00023064-00023484 very obvious as the coloration is completely different if you're going to want to get a TSrqkLG0Puo-00046-00023484-00023934 Slowking you're gonna have to get a slow poke and running around Casa Royale lake is probably TSrqkLG0Puo-00047-00023934-00024486 a really good idea in order to get one basically what you want to do with all three of the Hunts I TSrqkLG0Puo-00048-00024486-00025068 mentioned is pretty much go from that one side run to another side and you can also find them in the TSrqkLG0Puo-00049-00025068-00025674 water as well I find running to be a lot faster than going into the laggy Lake here so once again TSrqkLG0Puo-00050-00025674-00026220 fairy sandwich for marrow zumro Rock sandwich for Trudeau dreadnoll and psychic sandwiches for slow TSrqkLG0Puo-00051-00026220-00026742 poke and slow bro now another Pokemon that you're gonna be finding around the castle Royale Lake TSrqkLG0Puo-00052-00026742-00027372 area is going to be tatsugiri now this Pokemon is going to spawn in a lot greater amounts when you TSrqkLG0Puo-00053-00027372-00027839 are popping the dragon sandwich now you can find tatsugiti roaming around the land you can find TSrqkLG0Puo-00054-00027839-00028482 tatsukiri roaming around the water but my favorite spot for tatsugiri was right by sokurat Trail as TSrqkLG0Puo-00055-00028482-00028956 you're walking in and coming out of the area I found that to be fun because they you can despawn TSrqkLG0Puo-00056-00028956-00029448 the sushi Pokemon right in front of you and they despawn and respawn in as you keep heading up TSrqkLG0Puo-00057-00029448-00029916 here it's harder to despawn out a group of them there's just so many on the map now tatsugiri TSrqkLG0Puo-00058-00029916-00030282 has three shinies you're gonna have an orange one with stripes on it you could have an orange TSrqkLG0Puo-00059-00030282-00030726 one that looks a little bit darker with a muddier paste on top and then you're gonna have one that TSrqkLG0Puo-00060-00030726-00031158 is just pure white colored so there's gonna be three and it's gonna be hard to notice it but TSrqkLG0Puo-00061-00031158-00031632 he eventually if you really do pay attention to their backs you will spot them and collecting all TSrqkLG0Puo-00062-00031632-00032112 three is definitely a must so Dragon sandwich for tatsugiri to make your life easier because with a TSrqkLG0Puo-00063-00032112-00032754 water sandwich it's it's just chaos okay so for wingles the best place that you want to go to is TSrqkLG0Puo-00064-00032754-00033384 going to be over here at the poco poco Lighthouse right close by to the cave where the legendary TSrqkLG0Puo-00065-00033384-00033846 Pokemon are that's going to be the inlet Grotto by popping the flying sandwich it's gonna eliminate TSrqkLG0Puo-00066-00033846-00034416 all the insane amounts of water Pokemon that will show up with it so that'll be the best way to get TSrqkLG0Puo-00067-00034416-00034926 yourself a wingle then to spot the Wingo it's going to be basically a green stripe and what TSrqkLG0Puo-00068-00034926-00035394 you got to do is just walk in and out of Inlet Grotto in order to get new ones to spawn in the TSrqkLG0Puo-00069-00035394-00036012 area now if you want to go and hunt down pelipper my suggestion would be to come over to this Rock TSrqkLG0Puo-00070-00036012-00036552 All the Way North on the map and once you're at this spot over here and you jump onto this peak TSrqkLG0Puo-00071-00036552-00037068 you're gonna notice a bunch more pelippers seem to spawn here with the flying sandwich I noticed TSrqkLG0Puo-00072-00037068-00037590 when I have the water sandwich which it's not as powerful for pelippers as it is with the flying TSrqkLG0Puo-00073-00037590-00038088 sandwich now you'll also be able to find pelippers as you go further out into the water areas it's TSrqkLG0Puo-00074-00038088-00038616 a great way to get them the further away the more I notice pelopers spawn so that would be a way to TSrqkLG0Puo-00075-00038616-00039342 get peloper now the next location is going to be Gracia stones and in Gracia Stones if you do pop a TSrqkLG0Puo-00076-00039342-00040008 psychic sandwich you're going to be able to spawn in a bunch of velusa these Pokemon love spawning TSrqkLG0Puo-00077-00040008-00040572 here and it's very easy to walk back and forth on this pathway until you happen to see a villusa you TSrqkLG0Puo-00078-00040572-00041022 have to be careful though because the losers can jump onto the land when they do lock onto you so TSrqkLG0Puo-00079-00041022-00041706 if it loses are going to be a very big spawn when it comes to this area on this rock here and also TSrqkLG0Puo-00080-00041706-00042300 if you pop a flying sandwich you can separate out a Gyarados because Gyarados tend to spawn in this TSrqkLG0Puo-00081-00042300-00042750 area as well and the amount of Gyarados that show up here when you pop a flying sandwich is going TSrqkLG0Puo-00082-00042750-00043272 to be insane so it's going to be pretty easy for you to grab yourself a Gyarados remember valuza is TSrqkLG0Puo-00083-00043272-00043728 going to be with the psychic sandwich that'll get you a nice green shiny with its fins and Gyarados TSrqkLG0Puo-00084-00043728-00044238 is going to be with the flying sandwich and that is going to get you a nice red shiny here so this TSrqkLG0Puo-00085-00044238-00044688 is the spot if you want to hunt down these two water Pokemon specifically but you have to use TSrqkLG0Puo-00086-00044688-00045276 those sandwiches now Brookshire's is going to be a Pokemon located at an island a little bit south of TSrqkLG0Puo-00087-00045276-00045708 the South Province area it's going to be an island right over there and when you have the psychic TSrqkLG0Puo-00088-00045708-00046158 sandwich all you're looking for is just a little bit of a different coloration coming out the TSrqkLG0Puo-00089-00046158-00046650 water instead of the purple regular brushes like a purple yellow and the shiny has this red yellow TSrqkLG0Puo-00090-00046650-00047124 green texture to it so it's a lot more different and the best part about this island is as you walk TSrqkLG0Puo-00091-00047124-00047562 on here you can step into the water you see all the brushes you confirm by doing a double TSrqkLG0Puo-00092-00047562-00048018 home zoom in see if that's your shiny if it's not you just have to pull back to the island and once TSrqkLG0Puo-00093-00048018-00048480 you're back at the island they will despawn and then you can come back again respawn a group in TSrqkLG0Puo-00094-00048480-00048936 and keep rinsing and repeating over and over again but you're gonna need these psychic sandwich to TSrqkLG0Puo-00095-00048936-00049416 get the maximum amount of spawns when it comes to getting the bruxish so that's how you're gonna get TSrqkLG0Puo-00096-00049416-00049878 that one and that's how it's gonna help us isolate them out from all the other water Pokemon the next TSrqkLG0Puo-00097-00049878-00050406 location that we're gonna be talking about is going to be by Porto marinada and what we're TSrqkLG0Puo-00098-00050406-00050982 going to be taking advantage of for two specific Pokemon here is going to be the town spawn trick TSrqkLG0Puo-00099-00050982-00051390 which means we're going to be walking back into the town when it comes to getting the Pokemon TSrqkLG0Puo-00100-00051390-00051822 to despawn and then walking right back out when you want them to spawn in now the first Pokemon TSrqkLG0Puo-00101-00051822-00052344 is going to require an ice sandwich and this is going to be Cloister this is how we're gonna get TSrqkLG0Puo-00102-00052344-00052794 Cloisters to spawn collisions are gonna be really obvious as you do the double home zoom in you're TSrqkLG0Puo-00103-00052794-00053267 just gonna get so many with the ice sandwich and you're gonna notice the blue color in the water as TSrqkLG0Puo-00104-00053267-00053688 they surface if it doesn't happen to be a closer no worries all you got to do is just walk back TSrqkLG0Puo-00105-00053688-00054102 into town despawn them all and then come right back and that's how you're going to be finding TSrqkLG0Puo-00106-00054102-00054684 a Cloister shiny now when you pop the poison sandwich the poison sandwich is going to spawn TSrqkLG0Puo-00107-00054684-00055146 a bunch of quill fish now quillfish is going to be an easy shiny to get for Violet players because TSrqkLG0Puo-00108-00055146-00055596 that's literally going to be the only Pokemon that's going to spawn by this town and quo fish TSrqkLG0Puo-00109-00055596-00056052 is going to be obvious because it's going to be a nice pink color Scarlet players have to move a TSrqkLG0Puo-00110-00056052-00056640 little bit further to the right in order to get their Quail fishes to spawn because the spawns TSrqkLG0Puo-00111-00056640-00057228 up here are mixed a lot with the skrelps which is a version exclusive Pokemon so that's how Scarlet TSrqkLG0Puo-00112-00057228-00057624 players are gonna have to do that so they don't have to deal with it but most likely if they stay TSrqkLG0Puo-00113-00057624-00057984 in the same spot you're gonna have to deal with scrope so Violet players do have the better spawn TSrqkLG0Puo-00114-00057984-00058458 for that so remember ice damage for Cloister and poison sandwich for quill fish and that's TSrqkLG0Puo-00115-00058458-00058998 how you're going to make the distinction between those Pokemon from all the other water Pokemon in TSrqkLG0Puo-00116-00058998-00059610 this game now if you're gonna want Skrelp Skrelp is pretty much everywhere in Pokemon Scarlet so TSrqkLG0Puo-00117-00059610-00060132 these entire water spots located on the map will show you where the skelts are or Scarlet players TSrqkLG0Puo-00118-00060132-00060479 this is only going to be for you guys and all you're gonna be looking for is a shiny that TSrqkLG0Puo-00119-00060479-00060990 looks like this and you just have to despawn a group in and respawn the group back and and go TSrqkLG0Puo-00120-00060990-00061470 back and forth until you happen to finally get the shiny Pokemon you want and that's pretty TSrqkLG0Puo-00121-00061470-00061848 much how you're going to be getting Skrelp that are eventually evolve into dragogi which is going TSrqkLG0Puo-00122-00061848-00062538 to be a poison dragon and lose the water typing if you pop your poison sandwich and you head over to TSrqkLG0Puo-00123-00062538-00063096 lavencia South and head over to the beach this is going to be a very good spot where you're going to TSrqkLG0Puo-00124-00063096-00063612 find marinas walking around everywhere now Marines will spawn left and right on this beat so what you TSrqkLG0Puo-00125-00063612-00064098 have to do is make sure you're zoomed out you're looking around very carefully for a nice pinkish TSrqkLG0Puo-00126-00064098-00064512 reddish color it's going to be very different from all the blue ones you see so it's not going to be TSrqkLG0Puo-00127-00064512-00064967 a hard shiny to miss so basically just walk around the beach despawn a group out respawn TSrqkLG0Puo-00128-00064967-00065478 a group in and you should be able to easily get a Mourinho without the distractions of other Pokemon TSrqkLG0Puo-00129-00065478-00066090 showing up which then you can finally evolve into an awesome toxipex which is a great Pokemon I love TSrqkLG0Puo-00130-00066090-00066564 this Pokemon too it's it's a it's a great shiny to have so remember poison sandwich is the way TSrqkLG0Puo-00131-00066564-00067038 you're going to separate this one out from all the other water Pokemon now in our ground video TSrqkLG0Puo-00132-00067038-00067608 we talk about about this really nice spot this is going to be located in the North Province area one TSrqkLG0Puo-00133-00067608-00068148 Watchtower and when you pop a ground sandwich it's going to help you spawn in barboaches and TSrqkLG0Puo-00134-00068148-00068622 whiz caches around this lovely Lake and all you have to do is just make rotations over again TSrqkLG0Puo-00135-00068622-00069090 and you'll get the families of wish caches and barboach to spawn as you're making your rotation TSrqkLG0Puo-00136-00069090-00069540 so simply just make sure you stick to the edge walk around in circles and you will eventually TSrqkLG0Puo-00137-00069540-00070140 get them to spawn as families now we also talked about that if it's not as great to do that all you TSrqkLG0Puo-00138-00070140-00070650 have to do is do a date skip in that area this also applies to almost every single Pokemon we TSrqkLG0Puo-00139-00070650-00071130 do talk about if they spawn in a specific area and you don't seem to feel like you're getting enough TSrqkLG0Puo-00140-00071130-00071622 all you have to do is do a date Skip and for those who don't like date skipping all you have to do TSrqkLG0Puo-00141-00071622-00072174 is just simply pop a sandwich at around 11 58 and just wait for the date to change in that location TSrqkLG0Puo-00142-00072174-00072606 naturally and you should get a mass outbreak for that specific Pokemon that's always going to be TSrqkLG0Puo-00143-00072606-00073128 the best way to get a shiny but we do these videos because not everyone loves everything to do with TSrqkLG0Puo-00144-00073128-00073560 ass outbreaks and we try to get the best Overworld spawns for you guys so for the TSrqkLG0Puo-00145-00073560-00073974 water sandwich we're gonna go old school here I'm gonna get one cucumber and I'm going to TSrqkLG0Puo-00146-00074094-00074628 be Urban Mystic because the collection if you guys have a better recipe please let us know and TSrqkLG0Puo-00147-00074628-00075042 tell us a non-salty recipe because you guys are great at doing that and that's going to give you TSrqkLG0Puo-00148-00075042-00075732 sparkling Power Water tidal power water and in counter Power Water okay so if you want a very TSrqkLG0Puo-00149-00075732-00076374 nice Wiglet wug Trio spot to respawn and despawn this is going to be the area so I'm on this beach TSrqkLG0Puo-00150-00076374-00076872 coming down off the snow area you could also jump over from North Providence area one and TSrqkLG0Puo-00151-00076872-00077358 swim to it it's this beach right here all the way North and over here there are tons of Wiggles and TSrqkLG0Puo-00152-00077358-00077838 wag shows that happen to spawn on the beach there they are also fun fact for some reason that rock TSrqkLG0Puo-00153-00077838-00078270 formation up there has a different spawn table don't know why but yeah look at the amount of TSrqkLG0Puo-00154-00078270-00078672 consistent wug trios you get on this beach you don't really get much interference from other TSrqkLG0Puo-00155-00078672-00079086 Pokemon the only thing that will show up once in a while will be like weasel and as you get closer TSrqkLG0Puo-00156-00079086-00079554 to the land area maybe gold duck but if you stay on this side over here away from that rock like TSrqkLG0Puo-00157-00079554-00079950 I mentioned see that rock and spot a whole other table of Pokemon you're gonna get your work Trio TSrqkLG0Puo-00158-00079950-00080370 so what I do is usually you can run to the end to try to pick up a few more short ones but like I TSrqkLG0Puo-00159-00080370-00080736 mentioned if you buy this little river here you're gonna probably pick up gold Ducks but the beach is TSrqkLG0Puo-00160-00080736-00081102 gonna have the wug Trails right so once you get all your work shows to spawn you clear off this TSrqkLG0Puo-00161-00081102-00081558 guys and you head back we're gonna basically respawn in our bug trios again so just wait TSrqkLG0Puo-00162-00081558-00082068 sure to walk slowly because these are Solo spawns here there's one there's another one there's your TSrqkLG0Puo-00163-00082068-00082536 weasel interference there's your wug Trio and you also get your wiglets over here so we have these TSrqkLG0Puo-00164-00082536-00082938 guys again over there we turn around the ones that despawn behind me and we'll get new ones TSrqkLG0Puo-00165-00082938-00083334 so I noticed this is the most consistent for rug trios let me know if you found a better Beach but TSrqkLG0Puo-00166-00083334-00083802 I really do like this one for the hunting of these book Trails as you can see look at that look at TSrqkLG0Puo-00167-00083802-00084270 the amount that just bought around me so this is pretty good the only Annoying part is when these TSrqkLG0Puo-00168-00084270-00084774 little mountain or Little Rock areas spawn in groups of Pokemon like up like five go goats it's TSrqkLG0Puo-00169-00084774-00085188 going to affect the rate of spawns here it's just like low kick spawn here it's so weird how spawns TSrqkLG0Puo-00170-00085188-00085704 work in this game anyway good luck on your wug Trio Wiglet hunt in the spot this is another wug TSrqkLG0Puo-00171-00085704-00086172 Trio spot it's all the way North Province area three but not the Long Beach here you're gonna TSrqkLG0Puo-00172-00086172-00086616 have to just hop over this spot and go go to this one because it's more open area as a beach which TSrqkLG0Puo-00173-00086616-00087036 is pretty interesting so it gives us some good spawns here's some work trios over here you also TSrqkLG0Puo-00174-00087036-00087390 get some water Pokemon in the background there look at the amount of spawns here and then you TSrqkLG0Puo-00175-00087390-00087870 have this nice curve up which will give you more spawns for one Trio now wiglets don't spawn here TSrqkLG0Puo-00176-00087870-00088320 at all it's this is like pure wug Trio so you just have to wait for your worksheo shining to TSrqkLG0Puo-00177-00088320-00088728 show up here unfortunately this dumb Rock here is gonna spawn Pokemon that don't even belong here so TSrqkLG0Puo-00178-00088728-00089160 you want to make sure to get the maximum amount of work Trio spawning around it before you get those TSrqkLG0Puo-00179-00089160-00089496 you know go goats and other stuff spawning here but yeah look at that look at this look at about TSrqkLG0Puo-00180-00089496-00089964 to walk Trails you could despawn out you get new ones spawning in just like that and then hop back TSrqkLG0Puo-00181-00089964-00090528 around and uh yeah here we go welcome trios oh this is a pure wug Trio no wiglets uh some weasels TSrqkLG0Puo-00182-00090528-00090996 here and there but it's a very good work Trio spot so there you go this is going to be probably TSrqkLG0Puo-00183-00090996-00091560 one of the weirdest hunts in the game for water Pokemon it's gonna be basculine now masculine's TSrqkLG0Puo-00184-00091560-00092094 gonna come in two colors red and blue and the shinies are gonna be very difficult to tell TSrqkLG0Puo-00185-00092094-00092568 apart but the slight differences you have to look for are on its little flippers and the top of it's TSrqkLG0Puo-00186-00092568-00093168 at the spikes and you're gonna be looking for a little bit more dimmer yellow color when it comes TSrqkLG0Puo-00187-00093168-00093552 to it because from a distance it's gonna be really hard to tell so you're gonna have to slow down TSrqkLG0Puo-00188-00093552-00094032 and pay attention to that now in order for you to pull this off for masculine this is the spot where TSrqkLG0Puo-00189-00094032-00094524 you're gonna want to go there's this little bit of a circle area around this rock here and what TSrqkLG0Puo-00190-00094524-00095058 I like to do is I look down at the water I angle my camera and I just move slowly across something TSrqkLG0Puo-00191-00095058-00095430 like that and then I just kind of see what spawns there make sure to have your double home button TSrqkLG0Puo-00192-00095430-00095868 ready to go which you can enable from settings because that helps you to zoom in on these little TSrqkLG0Puo-00193-00095868-00096336 tiny pixels here so you could tell the difference between what is a shiny and what is not a shiny TSrqkLG0Puo-00194-00096336-00096780 now the cool part about rotating around this entire little Lake area is not only are you having TSrqkLG0Puo-00195-00096780-00097224 just masculins but that's what I focus on when I'm here but you know you have the occasional Magikarp TSrqkLG0Puo-00196-00097224-00097734 Psyduck and choodles roaming around so you can keep in mind those shinies as you're focusing TSrqkLG0Puo-00197-00097734-00098220 on basket but mainly you're here for masculins so what I do is just I jump there I climb up I'm TSrqkLG0Puo-00198-00098220-00098652 going on these rocks it's a little bit annoying at first but I am looking to the right I'm looking TSrqkLG0Puo-00199-00098652-00099096 down I'm trying to see okay is this white or is this yellow I'm just going around this entire area TSrqkLG0Puo-00200-00099096-00099492 now the cool part about rotating around this lake is it's a little bit it's a little bit difficult TSrqkLG0Puo-00201-00099492-00099888 but once you get the hang of it the cool part about rotating around this is that the spawns TSrqkLG0Puo-00202-00099888-00100320 will despawn as you Circle and you see how I just came in and there's a whole entire family here so TSrqkLG0Puo-00203-00100320-00100734 I just zoom in I look okay these are the blue ones I don't see anything that resembles the shiny and TSrqkLG0Puo-00204-00100734-00101190 I continue to move to the right there's a red one there's a solo blue one and you will get families TSrqkLG0Puo-00205-00101190-00101676 that do happen to spawn here and that's the cool part of about this spot so yeah good luck with TSrqkLG0Puo-00206-00101676-00102102 your basculine hunt uh there's another family that just spawned your Zoom is going to be your big one TSrqkLG0Puo-00207-00102102-00102659 for this one good luck okay this is going to be a another basket it's gonna be this little river TSrqkLG0Puo-00208-00102659-00103104 right here by the swamp area and basically you just run it up until this gate you're gonna be TSrqkLG0Puo-00209-00103104-00103535 on the lookout here for masculine families because they spawn in great amounts here no other families TSrqkLG0Puo-00210-00103535-00103980 really spawn here just basculine so what you want to do is you just go at high speed and just make TSrqkLG0Puo-00211-00103980-00104370 sure you're on the lookout for these masculines as you're going uh so straight up there you go TSrqkLG0Puo-00212-00104370-00104783 there's another family here I'm heading up this entire path running up the river there's another TSrqkLG0Puo-00213-00104783-00105270 family over there now they do come in two colors the blue and the red ones the striped ones uh TSrqkLG0Puo-00214-00105270-00105726 there's no specific left or right at the map for them they both can spawn in exactly one area so TSrqkLG0Puo-00215-00105726-00106080 just keep that in mind as you're heading towards your destination you get a couple families there TSrqkLG0Puo-00216-00106080-00106716 and as we head towards this gate we should start to see a few more show up right about here's where TSrqkLG0Puo-00217-00106716-00107058 they usually come in come down to the gate make sure you're turning around because you'll see the TSrqkLG0Puo-00218-00107058-00107514 family spot in you spawn there's there's another group like that there's another family over there TSrqkLG0Puo-00219-00107514-00107970 and then I just despawned this group out like that there's another family that spawns in so pretty TSrqkLG0Puo-00220-00107970-00108474 much if you don't want to go up and down the river this area might be the spot for you right over TSrqkLG0Puo-00221-00108474-00108822 here there's another family that spotted they just there's another one that's bonded okay it might be TSrqkLG0Puo-00222-00108822-00109146 this area actually it's a lot better so we're going up and down the river you basically come TSrqkLG0Puo-00223-00109146-00109511 up here right do you spawn everything out there's there's more families right below me look at that TSrqkLG0Puo-00224-00109511-00109944 look at that that's crazy do you spot as many as you can out then head back down there's a family TSrqkLG0Puo-00225-00109944-00110424 over there so I'm just gonna zoom in see if it's the shiny with the yellowish color nope okay then TSrqkLG0Puo-00226-00110424-00110766 I'm gonna continue to head back down here they're gonna despawn out and then we should get another TSrqkLG0Puo-00227-00110766-00111192 whole family right there yeah this is I like this this is way better than traveling the whole TSrqkLG0Puo-00228-00111192-00111588 river actually there we go we're gonna despawn that group out as soon as that group D spawns TSrqkLG0Puo-00229-00111588-00111972 we should get another family there right there another family comes in as soon as we despawn that TSrqkLG0Puo-00230-00111972-00112433 family we should get another one as I tap there there's another family okay so there is a great TSrqkLG0Puo-00231-00112433-00112848 way of manipulating the vasculins to spawn a bit now it's gonna be a little Annoying here because TSrqkLG0Puo-00232-00112848-00113340 you're in direct Water contact but that is the way to do it and to get families of them to spawn so TSrqkLG0Puo-00233-00113340-00113742 here you go here's a great spot that you can pull this off right over here from this ledge and then TSrqkLG0Puo-00234-00113742-00114252 running back down now if you're looking for a Psyduck specifically there are going to be a lot TSrqkLG0Puo-00235-00114252-00114683 of locations where you can find Psyduck they are pretty much going to be by anywhere where there's TSrqkLG0Puo-00236-00114683-00115278 rivers and by the wetlands psyducks are pretty much everywhere in this game and on this map you TSrqkLG0Puo-00237-00115278-00115680 can see there are locations where they're going to be and when you have a water sandwich you enhance TSrqkLG0Puo-00238-00115680-00116124 them a bit but they do tend to show up everywhere so far in this game I've actually just caught in TSrqkLG0Puo-00239-00116124-00116580 two randomly by having a water sandwich and just by traveling not focusing on them so what you'll TSrqkLG0Puo-00240-00116580-00117054 be on the lookout for is a blue Psyduck and they look really cool I this clip here of a Psyduck TSrqkLG0Puo-00241-00117054-00117461 is just me jumping off a waterfall and spotting it and he was just sitting right there in front TSrqkLG0Puo-00242-00117461-00117846 of me I'll buy the first area so that's pretty much how I got my side up that's literally the TSrqkLG0Puo-00243-00117846-00118326 only tip I have for Psyduck if you want a complete only Psyduck you have to do a date skip to try to TSrqkLG0Puo-00244-00118326-00118733 get a mass outbreak specifically for them if you don't care too much about Psyduck we have the gold TSrqkLG0Puo-00245-00118733-00119322 duck spot for you guys though there you go if you are looking to hunt a gold duck this is going to TSrqkLG0Puo-00246-00119322-00119832 be the best place to go go it's the pit uh the pit is located all the way here so pretty much TSrqkLG0Puo-00247-00119832-00120233 right from Fury Falls or North Providence area too you want to climb up here and there's going to be TSrqkLG0Puo-00248-00120233-00120720 this little bit Circle here with a little piece of land in it and the only Pokemon that is going to TSrqkLG0Puo-00249-00120720-00121296 spawn here is going to be gold duck that's it the only mod so this is the gold duck bit this could TSrqkLG0Puo-00250-00121296-00121890 also be used as a experienced farmer as well it's a really of AFK so if you throw Pokemon out it'll TSrqkLG0Puo-00251-00121890-00122285 just Auto Battle them they'll just keep respawning and that's pretty much how it's gonna work but an TSrqkLG0Puo-00252-00122285-00122838 idea for this is find a nice spot for a picnic reset along this Edge there is spots you can try TSrqkLG0Puo-00253-00122838-00123342 and that'll reset all the go Ducks because that is a lot spawning at once which makes this a very TSrqkLG0Puo-00254-00123342-00123888 very good spot so good luck getting your Shiny Gold Duck here it should be pretty easy to do TSrqkLG0Puo-00255-00123888-00124380 as that's the only one that spawns the next spot that we're gonna be talking about is going to be TSrqkLG0Puo-00256-00124380-00124896 for finizens and magikarps and what you want to do is go to La vincia South this is going to require TSrqkLG0Puo-00257-00124896-00125394 a specific placement for yourselves here with the water sandwich and I know it's so chaotic looking TSrqkLG0Puo-00258-00125394-00125735 at these look at all these barrels randomly on the beach all right so we're gonna head down TSrqkLG0Puo-00259-00125735-00126318 towards this Beach area right over here and you're gonna notice a corner a specific corner here that TSrqkLG0Puo-00260-00126318-00126774 corner when you tap it is going to put you right back into lavencia you can notice that there are TSrqkLG0Puo-00261-00126774-00127182 venison's and magikarps that head towards the beach here they just like to come here and chill TSrqkLG0Puo-00262-00127182-00127644 so that got me thinking wait a second we can use a town spawn to our advantage to get more to show TSrqkLG0Puo-00263-00127644-00128088 up and there you see that over there so what I like to do is I like to tap this corner right TSrqkLG0Puo-00264-00128088-00128483 over here and that puts me lavincia and then I'm gonna come back out here and it's gonna put me TSrqkLG0Puo-00265-00128483-00128994 in East Province area too and what you notice is look at that a group of benizen just spawned TSrqkLG0Puo-00266-00128994-00129456 on my left and they're also hanging out with some magikarps in the area too and magikarps TSrqkLG0Puo-00267-00129456-00129780 if you turned your camera to the right are also going to head towards the beach and just hang TSrqkLG0Puo-00268-00129780-00130206 out there there's a venison that's going to make its way out but yeah just keep repeating this over TSrqkLG0Puo-00269-00130206-00130788 again and eventually you're going to get a group of them to spawn that has your shiny as well as TSrqkLG0Puo-00270-00130788-00131286 having a Magikarp show up too and the benefit is while you're focusing specifically on one Pokemon TSrqkLG0Puo-00271-00131286-00131814 because this hunt requires you to really focus on Pokemon because water is insane so you're keeping TSrqkLG0Puo-00272-00131814-00132240 your eyes peeled on all those and everything else that shows up is going to be bonus so Marini are TSrqkLG0Puo-00273-00132240-00132708 gonna be red marrows are gonna be green weasels are gonna be yellow and Gyarados of course is TSrqkLG0Puo-00274-00132708-00133164 gonna be red so it is a bonus that you might get a lot of other water Pokemon while doing this but TSrqkLG0Puo-00275-00133164-00133590 while you constantly go in and out you have that high chance of getting your Fitness in to show TSrqkLG0Puo-00276-00133590-00134028 up because look at that you just get groups of them showing up it's pretty nice focus on those TSrqkLG0Puo-00277-00134028-00134526 specific Pokemon over here keep your eyes on them and it'll make your hunt a lot easier when trying TSrqkLG0Puo-00278-00134526-00135108 to get yourself a shiny if you just don't want to do the lavencia trick to get Finn is in well then TSrqkLG0Puo-00279-00135108-00135558 you could just do date skips until you get one on the map and on my map here is where mine is TSrqkLG0Puo-00280-00135558-00136068 located right over here all right now we're gonna try to evolve finish it into palafin and the first TSrqkLG0Puo-00281-00136068-00136674 step is just join somebody's world so once you are in a friend's world all you have to do is you just TSrqkLG0Puo-00282-00136674-00137238 have to give it a rare candy from level 37 to 38 to evolve it into palafin that's pretty much all TSrqkLG0Puo-00283-00137238-00137676 you have to do and since mine is already over leveled I caught mine at level 48. it's gonna TSrqkLG0Puo-00284-00137676-00138222 be really simple to evolve it into its form so I'm just going to the beach for a nice screenshot TSrqkLG0Puo-00285-00138222-00138702 I think we have a very nice background here I love it I'm just gonna go into my bag grab my TSrqkLG0Puo-00286-00138702-00139230 rare candy give it to this Pokemon boom now it's level 43 and it should automatically just evolve TSrqkLG0Puo-00287-00139326-00139806 okay and when we're in a fight all we have to do is just do flip turn hit your Target Pokemon and TSrqkLG0Puo-00288-00139806-00140244 it's gonna go right back to me and then I get to pick the Pokemon I want to throw out next I'm just TSrqkLG0Puo-00289-00140244-00140658 going to throw back the same Pokemon again and you're gonna notice the form is going to pretty TSrqkLG0Puo-00290-00140658-00141342 much change after that from Zero to Hero if you're trying to look for a nice blue shallow sword the TSrqkLG0Puo-00291-00141342-00141852 East one this is going to be a very good location I found you come over to the South Province area TSrqkLG0Puo-00292-00141852-00142392 5 Pokemon Center and on this beach you'll be able to find a good amount of them roaming around now I TSrqkLG0Puo-00293-00142392-00142878 mentioned to you guys the key to this water shiny hunting video is to do Target focusing which means TSrqkLG0Puo-00294-00142878-00143352 your eyes are only looking for this guy so you're gonna ignore everything around you and simply just TSrqkLG0Puo-00295-00143352-00143790 go across the beach and if something else Shawnee happens to be on the way well then congratulations TSrqkLG0Puo-00296-00143790-00144318 but yeah so here's what these shiny looks like it's a little bit different from the regular one TSrqkLG0Puo-00297-00144318-00144786 it's not gonna be too obvious so make sure you got your double home zoom in to see but yeah basically TSrqkLG0Puo-00298-00144786-00145200 what you want to do is hug the land more than hugging the sea because when you hug the land TSrqkLG0Puo-00299-00145200-00145674 you're gonna have an easier time I'm getting these Pokemon to spawn on the beach if you go closer TSrqkLG0Puo-00300-00145674-00146034 to the water you're gonna get more water spawns which will limit the land spawns but pretty much TSrqkLG0Puo-00301-00146034-00146448 what you're doing is you're going to be looking at this Pokemon to see if it is a shiny if you TSrqkLG0Puo-00302-00146448-00146856 have doubts that is possibly as a shoddy always send out your Pokemon to do some Auto battling TSrqkLG0Puo-00303-00146856-00147342 but yeah basically going back and forth on this beach is a great way to check if you are going TSrqkLG0Puo-00304-00147342-00147810 to have a shoddy that's pretty much what I do as I run to the end of this area once I get to the TSrqkLG0Puo-00305-00147810-00148428 end turn back rinse and repeat and do this until you happen to bump into your shiny and just make TSrqkLG0Puo-00306-00148428-00148914 sure to get a nice zoom in and close look to see if that does fit the shiny criteria that'll tell TSrqkLG0Puo-00307-00148914-00149364 you to get the blue shallows now let's talk about the pink one okay so if you are hunting down pink TSrqkLG0Puo-00308-00149364-00149880 cellos you want to come down to this beach over here right by Porto marinada and this TSrqkLG0Puo-00309-00149880-00150300 beach is going to be we're gonna be going back and forth looking for this pink shallows and as TSrqkLG0Puo-00310-00150300-00150804 you can see there it is right in front of us now there's gonna be more spawns of weasels uh being TSrqkLG0Puo-00311-00150804-00151314 a little bit annoying but I noticed this is the best spot you can specifically go to hunt these TSrqkLG0Puo-00312-00151314-00151836 cello so make sure you're walking not running too fast and kind of zigzagging closer to the beach TSrqkLG0Puo-00313-00151836-00152268 area rather than running into the water because if you're able to do that you will eventually TSrqkLG0Puo-00314-00152268-00152736 get these shallows to spawn just like these ones over here and I know this is the way people want TSrqkLG0Puo-00315-00152736-00153216 to do things without having to mass out bake but remember if not enough of these Pokemon show you TSrqkLG0Puo-00316-00153216-00153744 basically have to just pop a sandwich in the close vicinity of where they actually do spawn and you TSrqkLG0Puo-00317-00153744-00154260 will get a mass outbreak for that Pokemon by doing the date skipping in that specific area or popping TSrqkLG0Puo-00318-00154260-00154656 a sandwich you know right before the time change and seeing what happens but this is pretty much TSrqkLG0Puo-00319-00154656-00155022 how you're going to be finding your shells here's another two one and you just go back and forth on TSrqkLG0Puo-00320-00155022-00155532 this beach until you happen to get one so that's pretty much how to get both the west and the East TSrqkLG0Puo-00321-00155532-00156018 one you now know what their shinies look like as well yeah good luck so if you are hunting love TSrqkLG0Puo-00322-00156018-00156528 disc which is pretty much going to spawn most of the time in groups of group families this is going TSrqkLG0Puo-00323-00156528-00156996 to be the locations on the map where you're going to be able to find them currently I am positioned TSrqkLG0Puo-00324-00156996-00157554 outside of lavincia which is where the lighthouse is on the right side and what you want to do is TSrqkLG0Puo-00325-00157554-00158064 pretty much run an entire Path South until you've reach the first area Lighthouse I know that sounds TSrqkLG0Puo-00326-00158064-00158562 actually insane but this is where you're going to get most of your love just to show up now the TSrqkLG0Puo-00327-00158562-00158934 reason I started this off in lavincia is because if you're lazy and you don't want to do that you TSrqkLG0Puo-00328-00158934-00159420 can simply just come to the town like this despawn them all out and just come back and hope you get TSrqkLG0Puo-00329-00159420-00159918 a shiny love just to show up now please note there are going to be other Pokemon in the area but look TSrqkLG0Puo-00330-00159918-00160356 at that there's another loved us family right in front of my face and you just need to have a lot TSrqkLG0Puo-00331-00160356-00160746 of shiny awareness when it comes to water Pokemon because that's the best way that you're going to TSrqkLG0Puo-00332-00160746-00161166 be able to hunt them down now look at that like just passing up on here by the lighthouse very TSrqkLG0Puo-00333-00161166-00161574 easy just to get these Pokemon to show up so if you go up and down pretty much there's there's TSrqkLG0Puo-00334-00161574-00161958 your love disc again you stick to the areas where they are you're gonna have to use map awareness TSrqkLG0Puo-00335-00161958-00162444 for this now if you're not satisfied with the method of hunting down the Pokemon like I've been TSrqkLG0Puo-00336-00162444-00162822 hunting them like going back to the town and back and forth like that well then you could just again TSrqkLG0Puo-00337-00162822-00163224 follow the pathway from the certain lighthouses so here's another loved his family see how they TSrqkLG0Puo-00338-00163224-00163650 just spawned along the way that's pretty much how water hunting's gonna go for you guys who hate TSrqkLG0Puo-00339-00163650-00164250 mass outbreaks if you're going to want to do some easy lavincia town resets or loved us just come TSrqkLG0Puo-00340-00164250-00164652 over here right in front of this building here on the map like that and you're going to want to just TSrqkLG0Puo-00341-00164652-00165204 pop in and out until you respawnment so back up into the Town LA vincia and pull up and that's how TSrqkLG0Puo-00342-00165204-00165648 you're going to be able to spot in Pokemon like love disc and here we have two families over here TSrqkLG0Puo-00343-00165648-00166170 just waiting for us to get a shiny if you're gonna be hunting for dundozo You're Gonna Want to head TSrqkLG0Puo-00344-00166170-00166722 to Lake lageroya I mean Casa Roya that's where you gotta go and they're gonna be spotted here TSrqkLG0Puo-00345-00166722-00167370 in the water but the problem is you're not really gonna find a really spicy spot where you're gonna TSrqkLG0Puo-00346-00167370-00167862 get just tons of dondozos to show up and I think that's gonna be the biggest issue when it comes TSrqkLG0Puo-00347-00167862-00168276 to turning on a water sandwich because as you can see just going around this area you're gonna see TSrqkLG0Puo-00348-00168276-00168798 marrows they're still there's still dragonairs there's there's dundozos there but not many TSrqkLG0Puo-00349-00168798-00169296 in slow pokes and just tons of different water families so the solution to this is unfortunately TSrqkLG0Puo-00350-00169296-00169704 for a lot of you guys it's going to be either you're going to travel this entire Lake really TSrqkLG0Puo-00351-00169704-00170166 slowly and hope you get a shiny dundozer to show up but also it's going to be almost every other TSrqkLG0Puo-00352-00170166-00170742 Pokemon or you can get on a piece of land dead center and start to do date skipping because TSrqkLG0Puo-00353-00170742-00171240 that's going to be the best method to get him to show up so first things first I want to make sure TSrqkLG0Puo-00354-00171240-00171750 that I'm placed myself fully in the center of Castle Royal Lake that way I can activate any TSrqkLG0Puo-00355-00171750-00172146 spawn around the area the second thing I want to do is make sure my sandwich is active because TSrqkLG0Puo-00356-00172146-00172650 having an active sandwich is going to be boosting those Shiny chances of it happening so once that's TSrqkLG0Puo-00357-00172650-00173076 all set what I like to do is open up my map so I have a clear view of what's going to spawn in the TSrqkLG0Puo-00358-00173076-00173670 area and I'm going to then do a date skip as you can see right now we have tatsugiri as an outbreak TSrqkLG0Puo-00359-00173670-00174138 which is which is cool but we're here for water Pokemon specifically and tatsugiti is pretty easy TSrqkLG0Puo-00360-00174138-00174528 with a dragon sandwich but right now we got the water sandwich so what I'm gonna do is oh my gosh TSrqkLG0Puo-00361-00174528-00174876 I'm already in February by making all these videos with date skipping we're gonna do a date Skip TSrqkLG0Puo-00362-00174876-00175260 and you're gonna see everything around the area change right and you're just gonna kind of repeat TSrqkLG0Puo-00363-00175260-00175812 this process until you get yourself what you need and when you get your outbreak for your specific TSrqkLG0Puo-00364-00175812-00176322 Pokemon it's gonna be a simple knockout 60 of them to get maximum chances if you have the sandwich TSrqkLG0Puo-00365-00176322-00176838 as well on plus your shiny charm you'll be able to have very good chances on getting these done TSrqkLG0Puo-00366-00176838-00177342 dozo to spawn now the ones on this island aren't too hard to just despawn or respawn them out but TSrqkLG0Puo-00367-00177342-00177810 I could simply come like this but obviously you need to do Max chances to get the right dundozo TSrqkLG0Puo-00368-00177810-00178176 to spawn so it's gonna be a nice yellow shiny so good luck getting your done dozo and the best TSrqkLG0Puo-00369-00178176-00178842 way like I said is to do it via Mass outbreak now according to the Pokedex Vaporeon is going to be a TSrqkLG0Puo-00370-00178842-00179394 very rarely seen Mon and there are two possible easy ways of really getting it the first one is TSrqkLG0Puo-00371-00179394-00179874 going to be by watching our normal video and just locating an Eevee adding a water stone to it and TSrqkLG0Puo-00372-00179874-00180492 watching it into a Vaporeon or you can just come to the middle of Lake Castle Roya and do our date TSrqkLG0Puo-00373-00180492-00180948 skipping technique now you will get some Vaporeon as you can see they are in this area as well but TSrqkLG0Puo-00374-00180948-00181356 you're not gonna get a lot of them to show up we're gonna back out over here Castle rail Lake TSrqkLG0Puo-00375-00181356-00181800 and start to do some date skipping because once you arrive at the Vaporeon outbreak you'll be TSrqkLG0Puo-00376-00181800-00182394 seeing a bunch of them in the area and your job is just going to be knock out the Vaporeon until you TSrqkLG0Puo-00377-00182394-00182856 get yourselves a purple colored one which will be the shoddy one hey guys did you know that in terms TSrqkLG0Puo-00378-00182856-00183450 of male and human female Pokemon breeding Vaporeon is the most compatible Pokemon for you this is TSrqkLG0Puo-00379-00183450-00183996 going to be a really fun spot if you want to hunt weasel and Float Soul you're gonna get Gyarados TSrqkLG0Puo-00380-00183996-00184500 too in this area but it's pretty good so what you want to do is head all the way North up to this TSrqkLG0Puo-00381-00184500-00184974 area north Province area three come to the beach and then jump to the left side of this beach right TSrqkLG0Puo-00382-00184974-00185472 over here and what you'll notice is there's a very shallow-ish Water Area you could determine that by TSrqkLG0Puo-00383-00185472-00185874 the color separation because of the sand it is a little laggy because it's raining a mind but look TSrqkLG0Puo-00384-00185874-00186222 what we get look what we get when we just focus on this area you're gonna get Gyarados spawning TSrqkLG0Puo-00385-00186222-00186702 but not only just Gyarados but you're just gonna get floatzels and weasels that's it look at that TSrqkLG0Puo-00386-00186702-00187230 they also spawn here so I guess you can call this a dual hunting spot with your water sandwich if TSrqkLG0Puo-00387-00187230-00187638 you stick to the here look there's another family over here there's Gyarados over there doing its TSrqkLG0Puo-00388-00187638-00188016 own thing sometimes you get the wiglets on the sand but there you go float so weasel so you can TSrqkLG0Puo-00389-00188016-00188412 keep going back and forth in this area in this little shallow spot there's another family over TSrqkLG0Puo-00390-00188412-00189048 here and eventually you'll either get a shiny Gyarados or you'll get your shiny foxo obwiso TSrqkLG0Puo-00391-00189048-00189402 if you don't like running as much and you want to go swimming you could just swim around the TSrqkLG0Puo-00392-00189402-00189798 whole island and wait until you get a gold one that's how I got a gold one but if you want to TSrqkLG0Puo-00393-00189798-00190200 stay towards the land and not do anything crazy and just have family spawn in front of you this is TSrqkLG0Puo-00394-00190200-00190668 probably gonna be the best way also the fact that it is a kind of a dual hunt so good luck getting TSrqkLG0Puo-00395-00190668-00191172 your shiny float tools your shiny weasels here it shouldn't be too hard but the fact that you could TSrqkLG0Puo-00396-00191172-00191532 just run back and forth and get families of them to spawn there you go there's an option for you TSrqkLG0Puo-00397-00191532-00191994 to hunt without having to swim and isolate them out a bit from other Pokemon good luck with your TSrqkLG0Puo-00398-00191994-00192540 hunt so getting an arakuda or Barracuda family to spawn in this game is not gonna be easy they're TSrqkLG0Puo-00399-00192540-00193026 scattered throughout the rivers they're gonna be randomly in the ocean so I feel like the best way TSrqkLG0Puo-00400-00193026-00193614 to get this family to spawn is gonna be by doing mass outbreaks and what I did was I did my mass TSrqkLG0Puo-00401-00193614-00194088 outbreak resetting from this area LA vincia and I happened to get the outbreak in this location TSrqkLG0Puo-00402-00194088-00194670 right over here and that's going to be probably the best way for you to do it I know I do my best TSrqkLG0Puo-00403-00194670-00195108 for you guys not to do mass outbreaks but it sometimes you just have to do them for certain TSrqkLG0Puo-00404-00195108-00195528 Pokemon especially when it comes to water Pokemon you're gonna have to compromise and uh do some TSrqkLG0Puo-00405-00195528-00195894 date skipping you don't like date skipping of course you know Papa sandwich right before 11 TSrqkLG0Puo-00406-00195894-00196350 59 but here's pretty much what you're gonna have to do knock out 60 of these Pokemon and here's TSrqkLG0Puo-00407-00196350-00196776 what the shiny is going to look like on screen and then you can evolve it if you don't want to TSrqkLG0Puo-00408-00196776-00197232 do this method well you could just travel in the oceans marked by the map in these locations and TSrqkLG0Puo-00409-00197232-00197664 hopefully RNG will help you and you'll be able to get a family to spawn and should be able to TSrqkLG0Puo-00410-00197664-00198072 get your shiny but Mass outbreakers simply just knock out 60 and after that you can have your TSrqkLG0Puo-00411-00198072-00198612 full chances of getting a shiny to show up luckily this is in a picnic resettable area which you can TSrqkLG0Puo-00412-00198612-00199176 do resets so that should help you get your shiny arakuda pretty quick it's blue it's not brown it's TSrqkLG0Puo-00413-00199176-00199662 gonna look very different so good luck with that all right Gamers this is gonna be for the lumion TSrqkLG0Puo-00414-00199662-00200370 and finian Pokemon locations so the first spot we're gonna go to is orto marinada over here a TSrqkLG0Puo-00415-00200370-00200784 big big important part because you get to do town resets here and the cool part is these lumion's TSrqkLG0Puo-00416-00200784-00201252 infidions also live by this area now there's a lazy approach you can do where it's simply going TSrqkLG0Puo-00417-00201252-00201606 to be well there's the videos as you can see right over there uh this could be a lazy approach that TSrqkLG0Puo-00418-00201606-00202062 you could do is simply by doing the town reset which you could tap it like that and come back out TSrqkLG0Puo-00419-00202062-00202500 and you pretty much are gonna be like oh I hope my Pokemon spawns hope you get your lumions or TSrqkLG0Puo-00420-00202500-00202896 finions because they do end up showing up there's a finian over there there's another video on over TSrqkLG0Puo-00421-00202896-00203316 there they do end up showing up by this area and you could constantly do this over and over again TSrqkLG0Puo-00422-00203316-00203868 until you get your Pokemon to spawn but that's not really fun as well and because they do sometimes TSrqkLG0Puo-00423-00203868-00204282 spawn as families with the lumions You're Gonna Wanna travel everywhere according to the map TSrqkLG0Puo-00424-00204282-00204750 the whole entire orange location is anywhere you swim you'll get those families of lumion to spawn TSrqkLG0Puo-00425-00204750-00205260 but I'll tell you something that I have recently figured out that is going to be a very helpful tip TSrqkLG0Puo-00426-00205260-00205686 you people who are hunting in the water and that's going to be heading over towards these TSrqkLG0Puo-00427-00205686-00206064 Rock locations the one I'm heading to is right here on the screen so I'm just going to swim from TSrqkLG0Puo-00428-00206064-00206550 Puerto marinada you can see that it's directly over here I'll open up my map as soon as I hit TSrqkLG0Puo-00429-00206550-00207012 this beach over here like this or this little rock formation so this is the rock formation that I'm TSrqkLG0Puo-00430-00207012-00207480 currently on and what I'm going to be doing is climbing up here now the shiny lumion I got was TSrqkLG0Puo-00431-00207480-00208002 also from a similar Rock location in the Northeast part of the game and that's where I found mine TSrqkLG0Puo-00432-00208002-00208476 but something about these rocks tend to spawn in these Pokemon so when you go to the corner TSrqkLG0Puo-00433-00208476-00208908 of this rock this exact corner right over here at the tip right take a look at the water ready watch TSrqkLG0Puo-00434-00208908-00209646 this boom look at that you got lumion also at the same time while we got lumion look at that boom TSrqkLG0Puo-00435-00209646-00210510 at the exact same time two families and also two difficult Pokemon to hunt down now the fun TSrqkLG0Puo-00436-00210510-00210821 part is you're gonna probably have to use your double home zoom in button so you can see the TSrqkLG0Puo-00437-00210821-00211206 difference of the shinies the shinies are on the screen so you can see that and what you want to TSrqkLG0Puo-00438-00211206-00211673 do is basically watch this it's equal to almost a town respawn d-spawned out hit the corner wait TSrqkLG0Puo-00439-00211673-00212202 for it wait one second you get Pokemon to randomly spawn in boom what is that oh is that two families TSrqkLG0Puo-00440-00212202-00212652 of lumion in front of me well look at that also I'm getting some of my scalp because I am Pokemon TSrqkLG0Puo-00441-00212652-00213096 Scarlet so keep in mind Scarlet players will have scropes in front of them anyway I just constantly TSrqkLG0Puo-00442-00213096-00213588 can keep doing this part over and over again on this rock formation until I am satisfied and get TSrqkLG0Puo-00443-00213588-00214086 a specific study boom there's another lumion again with some other random Pokemon spawn so all you do TSrqkLG0Puo-00444-00214086-00214560 you do get a bonus of other Pokemon showing up but at the same time you can focus in on your hunts TSrqkLG0Puo-00445-00214560-00215088 so I I find this actually to be a very fun way of pulling this off this quarter is so cool and TSrqkLG0Puo-00446-00215088-00215586 this crazy exploit so as you see there's another lumion family in front of me and it just doesn't TSrqkLG0Puo-00447-00215586-00216030 end I want you find you're shiny you could simply just jump in the water and chase after it and get TSrqkLG0Puo-00448-00216030-00216419 the shiny Sparkle to show up and that's pretty much how you're gonna be hunting lubion or you TSrqkLG0Puo-00449-00216419-00216804 could do the boring approach and run across the whole ocean and wait for families to spawn which TSrqkLG0Puo-00450-00216804-00217217 is basically what we kind of said for love disc if you don't want to do the lavencia town respawn but TSrqkLG0Puo-00451-00217217-00217704 this is probably uh the best method to do this so good luck with this hunt all right Pokemon Violet TSrqkLG0Puo-00452-00217704-00218244 players this is gonna be your spot where you're gonna be hunting down the famous Tauros that is TSrqkLG0Puo-00453-00218244-00218802 going to be the water Tauros now the location that you want to spawn exactly to is the orto TSrqkLG0Puo-00454-00218802-00219384 marinada and there are going to be just loads loads of these Toros so this is a town spawn so TSrqkLG0Puo-00455-00219384-00219798 that's pretty cool but when you come out of West Province area too you're gonna notice these Toros TSrqkLG0Puo-00456-00219798-00220290 over here and the best way to identify which one is the water one is going to be by looking at the TSrqkLG0Puo-00457-00220290-00220692 sky he's gonna be very obvious blue and curly horns and there's gonna be tons of them that TSrqkLG0Puo-00458-00220692-00221202 spawn this is pretty much going to be the pathway I like to follow for them a few will spawn in this TSrqkLG0Puo-00459-00221202-00221634 spot here as we're going to our location there's there they are right over here this is one I liked TSrqkLG0Puo-00460-00221634-00222126 to head over to so from here you kind of just curl in over here and we're gonna look to the right and TSrqkLG0Puo-00461-00222126-00222516 see some of the totals there it's gonna be that middle one right there and what you're going to be TSrqkLG0Puo-00462-00222516-00223014 using to identify if it's a shiny is going to be a little bit opposite color so you'll be noticing TSrqkLG0Puo-00463-00223014-00223469 the Toros that is actually shiny is going to be a little bit darker while the fur around it is going TSrqkLG0Puo-00464-00223469-00223890 to be lighter that's how you're going to be able to identify it's a tough to identify them at first TSrqkLG0Puo-00465-00223890-00224334 but when you look very closely you'll be able to spot that and as you can see on the Toros they're TSrqkLG0Puo-00466-00224334-00224771 going to be the big middle one in the whole entire group as I'm continuing going through this area TSrqkLG0Puo-00467-00224771-00225180 I'm just going to spawn these guys in there we go there's another spawn there's another pack spawn TSrqkLG0Puo-00468-00225180-00225666 and I'm just really paying attention to the colors of the middle one right there just keep doing this TSrqkLG0Puo-00469-00225666-00226134 pretty much just rock around the whole entire area spawn in these groups look for that water Toros TSrqkLG0Puo-00470-00226134-00226800 and again if you don't like the fact that it's you know not just pure water Toros there's always the TSrqkLG0Puo-00471-00226800-00227292 option of doing date skipping which you can do but I'm able to provide a good amount of these guys TSrqkLG0Puo-00472-00227292-00227700 spawning in so you guys can keep checking each one but if you just want pure you can and go for TSrqkLG0Puo-00473-00227700-00228114 a date skip method pretty easy I don't really have to show that in every clip and you'll be able to TSrqkLG0Puo-00474-00228114-00228671 get a pure water Toro spawn in the area but this should be easy for you guys to hunt down for those TSrqkLG0Puo-00475-00228671-00229056 who like a little bit of a challenge and doing Overworld hunting because we're gonna avoid as TSrqkLG0Puo-00476-00229056-00229440 many mass outbreaks as possible if it's in the video just wanted to point this out to another TSrqkLG0Puo-00477-00229440-00229896 quick option you could do is basically run this entire path all the way up to the castle Roya TSrqkLG0Puo-00478-00229896-00230328 point so that's another option and you can go really fast as long as you're able to identify TSrqkLG0Puo-00479-00230328-00230873 what a shiny looks like you should be good to wait nope that's not shiny okay yeah so speaking of my TSrqkLG0Puo-00480-00230873-00231516 device guys uh you pretty much just have to go and explore this pathway as well you'll get some to TSrqkLG0Puo-00481-00231516-00231912 spawn as you're heading to Castle Roya somewhere here they should spawn there we go that's pretty TSrqkLG0Puo-00482-00231912-00232314 much it all right those are your areas where you're gonna be hunting this uh water tutorials TSrqkLG0Puo-00483-00232314-00232698 all right Pokemon violent players if you want to just hunt your version exclusive along with some TSrqkLG0Puo-00484-00232698-00233154 of its family members you pretty much have Cloud witchers that spawn in this location which is all TSrqkLG0Puo-00485-00233154-00233717 the way up here at this North Beach we've talked about this spot also for your witchers this is TSrqkLG0Puo-00486-00233717-00234150 going to be the spot you just want to hang out in the Water Area specifically more than that also if TSrqkLG0Puo-00487-00234150-00234660 you pay attention you also will find some alamolas up here in this area so your version exclusive is TSrqkLG0Puo-00488-00234660-00235002 definitely going to be over here there we go you get some other Pokemon there's an alamola TSrqkLG0Puo-00489-00235002-00235428 and there's Nord spot there's your claw Witcher over here another club with search for those who TSrqkLG0Puo-00490-00235428-00235871 are wondering and this is all pretty much done without the power of uh mass outbreaks there's TSrqkLG0Puo-00491-00235871-00236328 three clawitzers so there's there's a good amount that spawns in here for you Violet players here TSrqkLG0Puo-00492-00236328-00236778 we go just kind of walking this area there we go club with sir clawitzer they seem to really like TSrqkLG0Puo-00493-00236778-00237269 you guys violent players you can grab your final evolution of your version exclusive also fun fact TSrqkLG0Puo-00494-00237269-00237840 there are tons of alomola in the north part as well so as you're seeing on my screen alamola one TSrqkLG0Puo-00495-00237840-00238350 two three and four this is going to be the north part they don't spawn in families and they are TSrqkLG0Puo-00496-00238350-00239021 Solo spawns so do keep that in mind for alumola there we go alamola again it's so funny when you TSrqkLG0Puo-00497-00239021-00239471 start to focus on one Pokemon you start to only notice that Pokemon with anything like if I'm TSrqkLG0Puo-00498-00239471-00239832 starting to stare at alamolas I start see them they're there there's three of them just sinking TSrqkLG0Puo-00499-00239832-00240192 in the water right below me one two three so yeah that's pretty much how you're gonna be finding TSrqkLG0Puo-00500-00240192-00240612 alamola we can also check this out in Scarlet real quick to see how good it looks in the North Area TSrqkLG0Puo-00501-00240612-00241116 minus the version exclusive okay this is a Pokemon scarlet and I kind of want to confirm that there TSrqkLG0Puo-00502-00241116-00241614 are also a la molas exactly in the North Area we're gonna have some of our scalp showing up TSrqkLG0Puo-00503-00241614-00242123 in this area so our version exclusive is gonna be here I say outward because I play Pokemon Scarlet TSrqkLG0Puo-00504-00242123-00242640 so please ignore my English that sounds very biased towards Pokemon Scarlet moving around the TSrqkLG0Puo-00505-00242640-00243198 North Area I see some weasels here and as I move towards yep there's alamola right there so they TSrqkLG0Puo-00506-00243198-00243762 are also spawning in the north area of course if you are having a hard time with them spawning the TSrqkLG0Puo-00507-00243762-00244314 best method for anyone to do is mass outbreak so you could just do a date skipping around this area TSrqkLG0Puo-00508-00244314-00244769 and you should be able to eventually get those to spawn I noticed there you go there's alamola TSrqkLG0Puo-00509-00244769-00245208 here there's another one over there all right so it is a common location about scarlet and violet TSrqkLG0Puo-00510-00245208-00245802 although it does seem a little bit more common in Pokemon violet but that's pretty much the alamola TSrqkLG0Puo-00511-00245802-00246192 spots here's the map where you can find all of them but they if you stand still they do come up TSrqkLG0Puo-00512-00246192-00246600 to you that is what the Pokedex entry says though if you don't make any movements eventually they TSrqkLG0Puo-00513-00246600-00246984 will come up and you should get your shiny so go to the north part pretty much uh hang out over TSrqkLG0Puo-00514-00246984-00247482 here and uh that's I guess that's the best spot you can do for your hunting all right so if you TSrqkLG0Puo-00515-00247482-00248123 come to uh area zero there's two spots to hunt down iron bundle and this is gonna be a Pokemon TSrqkLG0Puo-00516-00248123-00248598 Violet exclusive one could be register station lab number two and registration lab number two TSrqkLG0Puo-00517-00248598-00249071 basically has you going up and down this pathway here D spotting and respawning a group out until TSrqkLG0Puo-00518-00249071-00249516 you happen to get your just pure metal looking one that's Chrome without having any colors on TSrqkLG0Puo-00519-00249516-00250098 it if we drop down all the way into the deep part of area zero basically by research station lab TSrqkLG0Puo-00520-00250098-00250476 number four I just don't want to do the transition guys I'm not doing the transition there's research TSrqkLG0Puo-00521-00250476-00250998 station lab number four we're gonna head to this Crystal over here right below us and we're gonna TSrqkLG0Puo-00522-00250998-00251544 have our lovely rock formation and because the Delhi bird I mean the iron bundle is by itself TSrqkLG0Puo-00523-00251544-00252090 here with nothing and they fall off and they don't have anything else that spawns here with them this TSrqkLG0Puo-00524-00252090-00252569 is going to be the spot to get them to all spawn in and see if they're going to be a shoddy or not TSrqkLG0Puo-00525-00252569-00252971 and uh the trick here is just to despawn out a group of them and then once you despawn out TSrqkLG0Puo-00526-00252971-00253380 the group you just come back pretty much get a whole new bunch of spawns over there be careful TSrqkLG0Puo-00527-00253380-00253764 of the ones that are falling off these guys are really dumb or you can just run around the entire TSrqkLG0Puo-00528-00253764-00254244 area make your own pathway and just despawn a group out until you get your shiny and that's TSrqkLG0Puo-00529-00254244-00254694 pretty much how you're going to be hunting down iron bundle if you're a Pokemon Violet player TSrqkLG0Puo-00530-00254694-00255288 in area zero it's that simple and now you know every Shawnee hunting location for water Pokemon TSrqkLG0Puo-00531-00255288-00255750 and what to do to shiny hunt them so go ahead and click on this video to watch the entire playlist TSrqkLG0Puo-00532-00255750-00256194 on every single type in the game and select whatever you want it's right here click on that TS_80yCIOhg-00000-00000343-00000543 Good evening. TS_80yCIOhg-00001-00000543-00000896 You will watch a movie about three different people TS_80yCIOhg-00002-00000896-00001553 who wake up in the morning not knowing that today is the last day of their lives. TS_80yCIOhg-00003-00001785-00001972 First: Ninja TS_80yCIOhg-00004-00011270-00011563 Green Star! TS_80yCIOhg-00005-00011563-00011781 I will kill you! TS_80yCIOhg-00006-00012000-00012442 No, not water, aaargh, I will call you later. TS_80yCIOhg-00007-00013213-00013373 Black Star... TS_80yCIOhg-00008-00013373-00013634 I think now I finally have you. TS_80yCIOhg-00009-00019513-00019629 What?!? TS_80yCIOhg-00010-00019629-00019829 Black Star... TS_80yCIOhg-00011-00020194-00020368 This is Black Star. TS_80yCIOhg-00012-00020368-00020514 I know. TS_80yCIOhg-00013-00020514-00020681 Tonight is confrontation. TS_80yCIOhg-00014-00020681-00020799 All right. TS_80yCIOhg-00015-00020799-00021064 I'm coming to you. TS_80yCIOhg-00016-00021064-00021233 Come at 9. TS_80yCIOhg-00017-00021233-00021391 No, 8:30. TS_80yCIOhg-00018-00021391-00021591 Come at 15 to 9. TS_80yCIOhg-00019-00021677-00021774 20 to 9? TS_80yCIOhg-00020-00022020-00022100 All right. TS_80yCIOhg-00021-00022200-00022388 Prepare to die, ha ha ha ha TS_80yCIOhg-00022-00022388-00022575 You too. TS_80yCIOhg-00023-00022575-00022672 Bye! Bye. TS_80yCIOhg-00024-00023357-00023557 It is 20 to 9. TS_80yCIOhg-00025-00026009-00026192 Black Star... TS_80yCIOhg-00026-00026192-00026452 You screwed me over again. TTJPxGiHFBU-00000-00000296-00000572 Synnöve Karvinen-Niinikoski Professor emerita of social work TTJPxGiHFBU-00001-00000604-00000864 What will change in the future working life in Finland? TTJPxGiHFBU-00002-00000952-00001760 I am interested in change and I think the ongoing change in Finland is really massive. TTJPxGiHFBU-00003-00001760-00002076 We live in a time of epochal transformation, where the core societal functions change. TTJPxGiHFBU-00004-00002076-00002412 The production of products and services change and renews working life. TTJPxGiHFBU-00005-00002440-00002744 The biggest challenge in Finnish working life is the reform of social and health services. TTJPxGiHFBU-00006-00002784-00003440 It is a political, but also societal and institutional. TTJPxGiHFBU-00007-00003440-00003964 As a top-down governed reformation, it changes also people’s lives TTJPxGiHFBU-00008-00003964-00005144 and forces us to develop new operations and working models. TTJPxGiHFBU-00009-00005228-00005948 From a management and leadership point of view, it challenges the traditional forms of organizing TTJPxGiHFBU-00010-00005972-00006372 and leads to new kinds of structures and cooperations. TTJPxGiHFBU-00011-00006423-00006764 We are moving towards new kind of expertise and know-how. TTJPxGiHFBU-00012-00006764-00007044 but on the other in the transformation in the people’s lives TTJPxGiHFBU-00013-00007044-00007430 ReDoMe® is a fun concept. ReDoMe® team is performative and experienced in creating artistic interventions. TTJPxGiHFBU-00014-00007452-00008212 This situation challenges the employees and especially leadership TTJPxGiHFBU-00015-00008232-00009262 and the basic co-operation into new kinds of structures and ways to work together. TTJPxGiHFBU-00016-00009262-00010090 At the same time we need to produce new kind of expertise and know-how. TTJPxGiHFBU-00017-00010090-00010332 We are in the middle of constant change. TTJPxGiHFBU-00018-00010368-00010668 What new will the ReDoMe® concept bring to the change in the social and health care structures? TTJPxGiHFBU-00019-00010668-00011800 ReDoMe® is a fun concept. ReDoMe® team is performative and experienced in creating artistic interventions. TTJPxGiHFBU-00020-00011810-00012916 The challenges of today’s working life is very much emotional TTJPxGiHFBU-00021-00012916-00013560 full of creative resources, but also stress and exhaustion TTJPxGiHFBU-00022-00013574-00014158 and the whole point of ReDoMe® concept is that it reaches both of these sides. TTJPxGiHFBU-00023-00014158-00014856 ReDoMe® is a fresh approach to renewing visions on the level where action happens TTJPxGiHFBU-00024-00014866-00015376 and where people work and experience the change. TTJPxGiHFBU-00025-00015376-00016490 I have found great power in the ReDoMe® concept, after I have been able to experience it in action. TTJPxGiHFBU-00026-00016490-00017108 ReDoMe® enables value oriented development and facilitation. TTJPxGiHFBU-00027-00017108-00017656 The social and health care reform is fundamentally a tremendous change in societal values. TTJPxGiHFBU-00028-00017668-00018138 We are reforming the basic principles of equality and justice TTJPxGiHFBU-00029-00018156-00018588 in the social and health services and in our welfare state. TTJPxGiHFBU-00030-00018598-00018862 How does the ReDoMe® renew the practices in work counseling? TTJPxGiHFBU-00031-00018904-00019692 Work counseling and managerial practices have been developing tremendously in the past years. TTJPxGiHFBU-00032-00019692-00020416 The ReDoMe® team has been a pilot group introducing artistic methods TTJPxGiHFBU-00033-00020422-00021558 in community building and ordinary working life. TTJPxGiHFBU-00034-00021558-00022530 ReDoMe® reaches individual capabilities and potential, which is very valuable. TTJPxGiHFBU-00035-00022530-00024790 The traditional work counceling has emphasized individualism and professional control. TTJPxGiHFBU-00036-00024800-00025374 These are important in themselves and they will never cease to exist TTJPxGiHFBU-00037-00025374-00026102 but conversely we need to renew and develop new methods to support people in managing change. TTJPxGiHFBU-00038-00026102-00027370 ReDoMe® is a very economical way to reach work communities and teams TTJPxGiHFBU-00039-00027380-00028282 as other work counseling methods never reach the plurality of voices in the working place TTJPxGiHFBU-00040-00028282-00029480 or are able to hear all or to create something new. TTUFHz1MUMc-00000-00000096-00000456 HI there Youtube. Today I'm here in one TTUFHz1MUMc-00001-00000456-00001592 of my studios in Carlsbad, beautiful San Diego and I have an amazing flow for you! Stay tuned TTUFHz1MUMc-00002-00002360-00003296 Hi guys how you doing? Before anything please like this video, subscribe to the channel and TTUFHz1MUMc-00003-00003296-00003776 click on the little bell so you can get notifications as soon as we upload videos. TTUFHz1MUMc-00004-00003911-00004216 Today is a beautiful sunny day here in Carlsbad, TTUFHz1MUMc-00005-00004216-00004960 California more specifically San Diego and I have an amazing flow for you. Let's get started TTUFHz1MUMc-00006-00004960-00005304 I have a yellow spring in here and TTUFHz1MUMc-00007-00005752-00006256 we're going to start with your knees really close to the shoulder rest. TTUFHz1MUMc-00008-00006456-00006888 And we're going to walk our way to the poles of the carriage. TTUFHz1MUMc-00009-00007064-00007823 From here we are gonna stretch. This just feels so good because you can get a very deep stretch. TTUFHz1MUMc-00010-00007823-00008840 Say no with your head to relax the muscles of the neck. Now let’s stretch the shoulder as you sway TTUFHz1MUMc-00011-00008840-00009600 a little bit side to side and from here start tucking the tail under and then roll TTUFHz1MUMc-00012-00009600-00010440 back up through the spine slowly bone by bone by bone by bone by bone all the way up TTUFHz1MUMc-00013-00010440-00011184 articulating that spine mobilizing those vertebraes ...you know getting nice and TTUFHz1MUMc-00014-00011184-00011896 stretched and warmed up and we go rolling back up through the spine heads the last TTUFHz1MUMc-00015-00011896-00012832 one that unroll and back in we're just gonna do one more for the sake of this video but I love TTUFHz1MUMc-00016-00012832-00013352 to be doing this a lot until I feel like i'm really nice and warmed up from here i'm going TTUFHz1MUMc-00017-00013352-00014184 to take the hand up and back stretching the shoulder stretching the neck and dive down TTUFHz1MUMc-00018-00014240-00014647 the same thing going to the other side from here you can start going more fluid TTUFHz1MUMc-00019-00014647-00015344 a little bit quicker now that you know what to do we're going to do one more each side feeling good TTUFHz1MUMc-00020-00015560-00016152 and back and again inhale exhale roll up TTUFHz1MUMc-00021-00016448-00017344 and back so from here guys we're going to go go step up a little bit on this game on this TTUFHz1MUMc-00022-00017344-00018048 warm up game and we're gonna roll up and come all the way up and open the chests extending TTUFHz1MUMc-00023-00018048-00018800 the thoraxic spine and then coming all the way down it just it's just a little other TTUFHz1MUMc-00024-00018800-00019488 another level here on this warm up by the way I forgot to tell you guys I am only gonna teach TTUFHz1MUMc-00025-00019592-00020280 this creative warm-up on this video but you can click on the link on the description below TTUFHz1MUMc-00026-00020384-00021264 to see the full extension the extended version of this class the entire class okay that goes TTUFHz1MUMc-00027-00021264-00022280 well with this warm-up and then from here we're just gonna go and do the arms just like we did TTUFHz1MUMc-00028-00022336-00023120 in the beginning is a little more precarious but you can do it all right yeah it takes a little TTUFHz1MUMc-00029-00023120-00024016 more strength there a little more balance to lift the arm up here not nothing anything not it's not TTUFHz1MUMc-00030-00024088-00024904 nothing too crazy but it's a little bit more challenging and feels good though it's really good TTUFHz1MUMc-00031-00025000-00025936 and down then the other one inhaling whoa and down I hope you're feeling the way i'm TTUFHz1MUMc-00032-00025936-00026600 feeling it feels good from here guys i'm going to put my left hand on the head rest TTUFHz1MUMc-00033-00026672-00027304 and i'm gonna try to do the best I can to do like a tabletop i'm hooking my toes there TTUFHz1MUMc-00034-00027304-00027895 at the end of the carriage as you can see trying to do a nice stable top and forgive me I don't TTUFHz1MUMc-00035-00027895-00028664 have a mirror but knee should be under the hip and the you know the best you can and i'm gonna TTUFHz1MUMc-00036-00028664-00029432 work a little bit my lats right here and what i'm gonna try to accomplish here is a little bit TTUFHz1MUMc-00037-00029512-00030495 of uh spine stretch to you know stretching warming up but also alignment postural alignment uh in TTUFHz1MUMc-00038-00030495-00031183 opposition with the arm and the leg we're gonna be going doing a bird dog really soon which is TTUFHz1MUMc-00039-00031248-00031968 as you know probably no amazing for scoliosis okay so even if you don't have scoliosis TTUFHz1MUMc-00040-00032080-00032624 it's great to just practice to prevent so I stopped here here because now we're going to TTUFHz1MUMc-00041-00032624-00033336 do the opposite leg this may not be to everyone so you may do just the leg go back otherwise you hold TTUFHz1MUMc-00042-00033336-00034072 here and try to lift the opposite leg from the pole here the arm on the pole which in my case is TTUFHz1MUMc-00043-00034072-00034704 my left leg and i'm just gonna do the leg so i'm bending and extending and I reach reach reach this TTUFHz1MUMc-00044-00034704-00035624 is what I told you about aligning the posture the the spine here and three so i'm just gonna do two TTUFHz1MUMc-00045-00035624-00036680 more four and five and i'm gonna do both together bending the knee and the elbow for five TTUFHz1MUMc-00046-00036768-00037440 feels amazing keep that navel to the spine I know it's really hard for forgive me if TTUFHz1MUMc-00047-00037440-00038024 I am losing a little bit two two because I don't have a mirror you know we're really good teachers TTUFHz1MUMc-00048-00038096-00038752 and when we're good correcting people but you know if we don't have anybody looking at us TTUFHz1MUMc-00049-00038752-00039272 okay I stopped here we can also make mistakes I stopped here but you should continue the flow TTUFHz1MUMc-00050-00039272-00039792 maybe to just stretch stretch stretch and you can just lower and lift the leg a little bit if you TTUFHz1MUMc-00051-00039792-00040712 still have some strength too you know three four and five and from here you could cross TTUFHz1MUMc-00052-00040712-00041568 over with your leg and come up to the side for five more like this and three and two TTUFHz1MUMc-00053-00041720-00042744 and one and it feels good whoo so let me see if I can cue better on the other side okay here we TTUFHz1MUMc-00054-00042744-00043600 go right hand now is on the head rest left hand is holding the pole I have my toes hooking on the TTUFHz1MUMc-00055-00043600-00044256 carriage knee under the uh hip as much as possible trying to level the shoulder level the hip TTUFHz1MUMc-00056-00044312-00044896 and starting with the arm bending and extending when you reach with the arm TTUFHz1MUMc-00057-00044896-00045520 you really want to reach along but at the same time you need to keep those ribcage engaged TTUFHz1MUMc-00058-00045576-00046256 all right and the shoulders stable meaning shoulder doesn't go up shoulders stay down TTUFHz1MUMc-00059-00046320-00047192 okay away from ears so i'm doing one more in here and reaching reaching reaching without lifting the TTUFHz1MUMc-00060-00047192-00047848 shoulder and then lifting the opposite leg like we talked about try to keep those hips square TTUFHz1MUMc-00061-00047904-00048456 abs tight don't arch rib cage closed here we go try to stabilize as much as you can one TTUFHz1MUMc-00062-00048576-00050008 and two and three and four and five and now we're doing both right bending the elbow bend the knee TTUFHz1MUMc-00063-00050008-00050888 extend reach reach along because again this is to align your spine it's important then then you keep TTUFHz1MUMc-00064-00050888-00051344 that alignment and transversally aligned like if you have a transversal line TTUFHz1MUMc-00065-00051440-00051944 passing through your shoulders they would be right on top of each other the same with the TTUFHz1MUMc-00066-00051944-00052688 hip okay reach reach reach I believe I have to do two or one more here it's really hard TTUFHz1MUMc-00067-00052688-00053600 to talk and cut guys so be patient with me and one and then here staying low and lifting one two TTUFHz1MUMc-00068-00053720-00054728 three and four and five reaching long long long crossing over four five see that i'm trying to not TTUFHz1MUMc-00069-00054728-00055367 move it all the carriage here although i'm guilty of moving a lot tiny a little bit I can tell TTUFHz1MUMc-00070-00055367-00056232 but i'm trying it's it's it's definitely challenging and then coming back down oh yeah TTUFHz1MUMc-00071-00056232-00056960 it feels really really good so from here i'm coming back up i'm gonna hold on the carriage TTUFHz1MUMc-00072-00057064-00057816 and come back down here okay guys and i'm already going to reach for my loops here I know it's just TTUFHz1MUMc-00073-00057816-00058544 a yellow I know it's nothing but it's all about balance and warming up the shoulders so lowering TTUFHz1MUMc-00074-00058544-00059616 it down growing tall with the head so what i'm doing here some serious circles arm circles TTUFHz1MUMc-00075-00059888-00060512 shoulder down see how my scapula should be very stable I hope you can see it TTUFHz1MUMc-00076-00060576-00061784 we're reversing now arm goes up out and down it's super light our arm goes up out and down TTUFHz1MUMc-00077-00062279-00062672 balancing up one more here guys TTUFHz1MUMc-00078-00063016-00063864 yeah cleopatra variation okay so what I mean by that you're gonna have to go this way this um TTUFHz1MUMc-00079-00063967-00064544 bottom leg is gonna be almost like a butterfly kind of position and the top leg is gonna be on TTUFHz1MUMc-00080-00064544-00065224 the shoulder rest like this the back hand is going to hold right here on the edge of the carriage TTUFHz1MUMc-00081-00065304-00065824 and we're going to first look up towards the ceiling lifting the hip TTUFHz1MUMc-00082-00065824-00066488 putting the weight more on the front leg shoulders down away from ears a lot of core okay so it feels TTUFHz1MUMc-00083-00066488-00067104 good it's good it feels really nice and stretchy only bending on your on your back on your spine TTUFHz1MUMc-00084-00067104-00068120 let's go here we go up reach and then carefully sitting down that's what i'm gonna do three more TTUFHz1MUMc-00085-00068344-00068888 reach and back sitting down two again TTUFHz1MUMc-00086-00069200-00069648 and sitting back down three last one TTUFHz1MUMc-00087-00070008-00070368 and back sitting down TTUFHz1MUMc-00088-00070368-00070936 now we're gonna do quite similar but facing in front so we really turn so it goes like this look TTUFHz1MUMc-00089-00071192-00072424 oh it's a big stretch feels good all the way three more out slowly back down and again TTUFHz1MUMc-00090-00072672-00073800 all the way and back down one more up out of the way and back TTUFHz1MUMc-00091-00073880-00074568 down that feels so good we're gonna do the other hand the other side so again the other TTUFHz1MUMc-00092-00074568-00075400 leg goes like a butterfly type leg here and the other leg the top goes on the foot bar TTUFHz1MUMc-00093-00075464-00075984 and you put your hand right here at the edge and you start looking like this remember the TTUFHz1MUMc-00094-00075984-00076728 first four is looking up towards the ceiling and then the other way here we go ready let's go up TTUFHz1MUMc-00095-00076944-00077512 and down always remember to keep that shoulder down don't put pressure on your shoulder okay TTUFHz1MUMc-00096-00077568-00078248 you're basically pushing through the heel of the front leg and then in the glutes TTUFHz1MUMc-00097-00078248-00078872 and the hips okay and your core so it's all that together so I believe we have one more TTUFHz1MUMc-00098-00079088-00079616 oh yeah and now we're gonna turn to the side completely so it goes TTUFHz1MUMc-00099-00079888-00080776 and back so you kind of go like if you're doing the first one and back two more guys it's so good TTUFHz1MUMc-00100-00081128-00081384 and back last one TTUFHz1MUMc-00101-00081736-00082896 oh good and back so from here we're going to go level up on this one yeah there's another level TTUFHz1MUMc-00102-00082896-00083608 on this one guys it there is so first things first i'm going to kind of teach you how to do TTUFHz1MUMc-00103-00083688-00084432 a half chemicals I mean i'm not a yoga expert or anything but I know a few exercises here and there TTUFHz1MUMc-00104-00084504-00085088 and forgive me if i'm not calling it right but I believe it's called have camel pulse TTUFHz1MUMc-00105-00085152-00085632 so you've got to be careful just want to not arch to not put a lot of brush on your lower back TTUFHz1MUMc-00106-00085632-00086280 so squeeze your glutes keep your hips really open abs tight so what we're going to do TTUFHz1MUMc-00107-00086280-00086888 you're going to put one hand here and not up here but here to help push the pubic bone TTUFHz1MUMc-00108-00086888-00087528 forward so you don't arch so much it's about extending the thoraxic not the lower back okay TTUFHz1MUMc-00109-00087592-00088280 so basically what they're gonna do is lift the arm up like this and turn to the side it TTUFHz1MUMc-00110-00088280-00088824 feels a nice stretch on the hip flexors right there and if you're able to you can even TTUFHz1MUMc-00111-00088824-00089664 reach down and then back so let's do it one more like this without the springs up and tall abs TTUFHz1MUMc-00112-00089664-00090472 super tight you go back as much as you can and if you're able to reach the carriage go for it TTUFHz1MUMc-00113-00090576-00091200 so let's try the other side so again i'm super tight I keep pulling like the posteriorly TTUFHz1MUMc-00114-00091200-00091688 tilting the pelvis kind of so you don't so it helps to not pressure the lower back okay TTUFHz1MUMc-00115-00091760-00092752 so pubic bone comes forward so let's go nice and tall arm oh go back and reach TTUFHz1MUMc-00116-00092752-00093472 and if you can't reach the carriage for me it's really hard I do have arthritis on my lower back TTUFHz1MUMc-00117-00093544-00094224 and this is like very something I have to be very careful doing but it's really good for me TTUFHz1MUMc-00118-00094224-00095160 if I do it correctly oh yeah and here we go so now we're gonna do it with the loops ready okay TTUFHz1MUMc-00119-00095264-00095984 so we're going to grab the left loop because i'm turning this way to the camera and that's the hand TTUFHz1MUMc-00120-00095984-00096544 that's going to be in front so first like you can either keep the hand here which I advise or TTUFHz1MUMc-00121-00096544-00097280 you can already go straight down here more invest but abstinent we lift so it's almost like we did TTUFHz1MUMc-00122-00097280-00097944 before with the cleopatra but then you see yeah but you're using the loop and you're kneeling TTUFHz1MUMc-00123-00098000-00099272 so i'm gonna do three more up and then you turn to the side and down two more up see I take my time TTUFHz1MUMc-00124-00099272-00099928 to go because I think about everything I told you I think about engaging my muscles abs are TTUFHz1MUMc-00125-00099928-00100608 tight glutes are tight everything to protect my lower back so I do it correctly so I only gain the TTUFHz1MUMc-00126-00100608-00101608 benefits of the exercise nothing bad alright oh yeah I feel so nice now we're doing the other side TTUFHz1MUMc-00127-00101896-00103320 so good okay here we go so up reach and back one remember epsteide squeezing the glutes lengthening TTUFHz1MUMc-00128-00103511-00104744 and back two if you do it correctly it's hard to talk inhale oh yeah and three one more TTUFHz1MUMc-00129-00105032-00106496 oh and back four ah absolutely loves this one all right so from here guys I do want to stretch my TTUFHz1MUMc-00130-00106496-00107159 back a little bit I want to do a little stretch of my lower back the opposite way I highly recommend TTUFHz1MUMc-00131-00107159-00108159 you do two and so i'm coming to a cat and then sitting back on my heels coming to a cat and then TTUFHz1MUMc-00132-00108159-00108672 sitting back on my heels i'm not extending my spine because I already was doing that TTUFHz1MUMc-00133-00108735-00109944 so i'm compensating right now and up until all right this is really nice um i'm gonna keep going TTUFHz1MUMc-00134-00110072-00110944 whoo so guys today I have something that is a flamingo I call it flamingo and hope you're gonna TTUFHz1MUMc-00135-00110944-00111704 like it it's a flow I created don't know how you're gonna feel about it I do hope you enjoy TTUFHz1MUMc-00136-00111776-00112528 my clients either love or hate it so let's see all right so i'm putting there uh TTUFHz1MUMc-00137-00112759-00113711 a red spring and I want you to put your box with these uh handle facing the foot part TTUFHz1MUMc-00138-00113711-00114728 okay the foot bar guys I recommend that you put all the way up here okay and as I said I got a TTUFHz1MUMc-00139-00114728-00115616 red spring here okay now watch this you are going to go inside of the reformer TTUFHz1MUMc-00140-00115688-00116104 so be very careful where you put your foot so you don't get a bruising here all right TTUFHz1MUMc-00141-00116183-00117064 your hands will be here on the bar and I want you to put your foot in um guys if you feel dangerous TTUFHz1MUMc-00142-00117064-00117728 about doing this just don't do it right you this one is definitely advanced so um you you have to TTUFHz1MUMc-00143-00117728-00118352 have control and not lift the box you know and I I wanted the handle to be this way because TTUFHz1MUMc-00144-00118352-00118832 I want you to put your as a reference point where your foot needs to be so you don't slide TTUFHz1MUMc-00145-00118888-00119296 okay and then first things first you're gonna push like this out and in TTUFHz1MUMc-00146-00119424-00120111 out and two so this one has several levels so this one is not that bad as you can see TTUFHz1MUMc-00147-00120111-00120808 it's a nice little glutes work actually a thigh work as well kind of use knee stretch kind of TTUFHz1MUMc-00148-00120808-00121480 like that and then after feel we can add more into it which I call it low flamingo I extend my TTUFHz1MUMc-00149-00121480-00122096 leg and I go to a low flamingo meaning you're not even supposed to lift your hip at all so you just TTUFHz1MUMc-00150-00122096-00123024 take the leg off come here and back I would like you to make sure that you're landing very softly TTUFHz1MUMc-00151-00123024-00123696 okay gracefully so i'm gonna do only four of each of this one so only one more good TTUFHz1MUMc-00152-00123832-00124376 great now i'm gonna go to what I call high flamingo you don't have to just doing this TTUFHz1MUMc-00153-00124376-00124959 one is already a good work for your chest you can keep just doing that one like hey yoga class you TTUFHz1MUMc-00154-00124959-00125464 know how they say if it's available to you move on otherwise keep doing what you're doing same here TTUFHz1MUMc-00155-00125464-00126111 the next would be like this is the progression so you do the low flamingo then you suck the tummy TTUFHz1MUMc-00156-00126111-00126848 for a big flamingo high flamingo and come down bring the knee in as I said i'm going to put TTUFHz1MUMc-00157-00126911-00127608 only three more high flamingo make sure you put your foot where it was before far enough TTUFHz1MUMc-00158-00127608-00128152 so you don't hit yourself and keep getting bruises up high flamingo TTUFHz1MUMc-00159-00128416-00129464 last one okay here we go hI flamingo all right there is more for this progression TTUFHz1MUMc-00160-00129535-00130183 it's the arabesque so again don't have to do it stop whatever you feel is perfect for you so it TTUFHz1MUMc-00161-00130183-00131184 goes like this out low flamingo high flamingo and our basque oh I reached the seaway come back down TTUFHz1MUMc-00162-00131408-00132360 I guess i'm too tall for the studio all right guys again push low flamingo high flamingo or a bask TTUFHz1MUMc-00163-00132432-00133184 link i'm gonna have to keep my knee bent but yes you can extend all the way up TTUFHz1MUMc-00164-00133264-00134024 again extend and ah at a bask i'm just gonna lower my leg a little more I guess I got TTUFHz1MUMc-00165-00134024-00134672 better I used to do this one on this studio with no problem I got more flexible last one TTUFHz1MUMc-00166-00135064-00135120 and TTUFHz1MUMc-00167-00135408-00135984 oh my god guys this one is a work anyways i'm here and i'm going to TTUFHz1MUMc-00168-00136072-00136520 actually i'm going to have to change my spring because I have two reds on the side TTUFHz1MUMc-00169-00136520-00136968 and I want to put my foot right on the other side so i'm switching to the other red TTUFHz1MUMc-00170-00137056-00137960 so I can have space for my foot right here yep so doing everything on the side ready here we go TTUFHz1MUMc-00171-00138120-00138904 so foot on the box first one just some knee stretches okay five TTUFHz1MUMc-00172-00139056-00140112 four try to keep the hip square three and two and one let's go for the low flamingo leg straighten TTUFHz1MUMc-00173-00140112-00141328 is there touch down one extend touch down two extend touch down three one more extend TTUFHz1MUMc-00174-00141384-00142544 touch down four who's ready for the high flamingo yeah out here high and back and down TTUFHz1MUMc-00175-00142624-00144384 remember to gently land here we go high and gently down two more yeah out low high flamingo TTUFHz1MUMc-00176-00144584-00145808 gently down last one out hI flamingo all right guys i'm ready for the arabesque TTUFHz1MUMc-00177-00145808-00147184 let's go if you can okay low high arab ask oh delicious one three more TTUFHz1MUMc-00178-00147376-00148056 feels so good to stretch I love doing inversions like that because it's a little lifter you know TTUFHz1MUMc-00179-00148056-00149576 guys yeah it is it's a natural antidepressant exercise last one and it feels so good to stretch TTUFHz1MUMc-00180-00149824-00150992 and here we go and uh yeah this was it and um I went a little bit over the warm up of course this TTUFHz1MUMc-00181-00150992-00151768 was a little bit of a class but if you wanna keep seeing the full extended version of this class TTUFHz1MUMc-00182-00151936-00152512 click on the link on the description below don't forget to thumbs up this TTUFHz1MUMc-00183-00152512-00153504 video subscribe to the channel to support me and I will see you next time bye TVXmQKjUuTg-00000-00000315-00000415 This poem is called "Knot Eye" K-N-O-T TVXmQKjUuTg-00001-00000415-00000993 E-Y-E KNOT EYE TVXmQKjUuTg-00002-00000993-00001478 The diagnosis was peculiar, the doctors agreed, but so was the condition. TVXmQKjUuTg-00003-00001478-00001623 He had knot eye. TVXmQKjUuTg-00004-00001623-00001848 He was unable to see a piece of string, but he TVXmQKjUuTg-00005-00001848-00001998 could see the knot. TVXmQKjUuTg-00006-00001998-00002331 He was unable to make out a plank, but he could see the darkened whorl. TVXmQKjUuTg-00007-00002331-00002869 He was unable to see his girlfriend's discomfort, but he saw her stomach tighten as they discussed TVXmQKjUuTg-00008-00002869-00002985 Thanksgiving. TVXmQKjUuTg-00009-00002985-00003126 She wanted to get married. TVXmQKjUuTg-00010-00003126-00003238 He was afraid. TVXmQKjUuTg-00011-00003238-00003739 Their bickering led to lumpy disagreements, but he knew sooner or later they'd fall back TVXmQKjUuTg-00012-00003739-00003879 into each other's arms. TVXmQKjUuTg-00013-00003879-00004085 That's the way it is with the world. TVXmQKjUuTg-00014-00004085-00004370 What waits for us at the end is embrace. TVXmQKjUuTg-00015-00004370-00004646 He stared into the large mirror in her living room and TVXmQKjUuTg-00016-00004646-00004912 watched as she wound her stringy arms around his skinny TVXmQKjUuTg-00017-00004912-00004921 neck. TWMPCyy4ws4-00000-00012998-00013198 cetahedsomen TWcCfDwmNWY-00000-00000013-00000690 > OKay everybody let's get this show rolling. Whoo! So please give a warm round of applause to TWcCfDwmNWY-00001-00000690-00000974 our two speakers James and Bertin, who will be adding one more thing on my list of TWcCfDwmNWY-00002-00000974-00001474 worrying about: which is hacking Seismological Networks. So please. [Clapping] >> Okay. Umm. TWcCfDwmNWY-00003-00001968-00002469 Can you hear me? Awesome. Okays guys welcome to my talk. This is called Exploiting and Attacking TWcCfDwmNWY-00004-00003276-00003867 Seismological Networks Remotely. Ummm my name is Bertin, this is my colleague James Jara, we are TWcCfDwmNWY-00005-00003867-00004367 from Costa Rica. And we are here to shed..to share, there is also our last research. So okay this TWcCfDwmNWY-00006-00004844-00005528 is our disclaimer first of all. This is not a typical talk, of course it's a technical talk. TWcCfDwmNWY-00007-00005528-00006126 Probably it's the first research of this kind, all the vulnerabilities we found has TWcCfDwmNWY-00008-00006126-00006626 been correctly reported to the US Cert and they contact the vendor affected. We are not TWcCfDwmNWY-00009-00006890-00007390 responsible for the actions someone could take after attending this talk. Okay. >> So TWcCfDwmNWY-00010-00007791-00008291 Hello guys. Hello. This is, ready. Who we are. The agenda for the day is this one. Who we TWcCfDwmNWY-00011-00008575-00009132 are you already know. Um the motivation behind this research, umm how we get into these TWcCfDwmNWY-00012-00009132-00009633 device, how we find it. We will talk also about the risks, and the impact. Who is getting TWcCfDwmNWY-00013-00009923-00010523 affected by attacking these devices, also we will talk a little bit about the TWcCfDwmNWY-00014-00010523-00011164 seismological instrumentations, in order to understand better umm umm this research. Also TWcCfDwmNWY-00015-00011164-00011831 about the internal, the deployment, ummm deployments on the earth and on the oceans as TWcCfDwmNWY-00016-00011831-00012465 well. About network topology, also how we get into the vulnerability space. Also about TWcCfDwmNWY-00017-00012465-00012966 the firmware analysis. Attack vectors, post exploitation. And finally we get to answer TWcCfDwmNWY-00018-00013196-00013860 conclusions. >>And also recommendations. Okay so my name is Bertin as I mentioned at the TWcCfDwmNWY-00019-00013860-00014514 beginning, and my colleague James are from Costa Rica, San Jose. We are the co-founders of TWcCfDwmNWY-00020-00014514-00015015 the NETDB project, the Net Database project, which is a search engine for IOT devices. TWcCfDwmNWY-00021-00015285-00015785 Umm its a project I started 5 years ago, and then umm James joined into my idea. And we TWcCfDwmNWY-00022-00016102-00016603 started working very hard from 2 years ago, on the framework and the tool. Ummm as I mentioned TWcCfDwmNWY-00023-00016990-00017527 I'm from San Jose, probably many of you know our country [Clapping]. >>Thanks [Clapping] TWcCfDwmNWY-00024-00017527-00018021 >>Yeah thanks. Because it's a nice place to live and visit. You are welcome anytime to if TWcCfDwmNWY-00025-00018281-00018782 you want to visit us, we have a lot of beaches not bitches. [Laughter]. So you are welcome, TWcCfDwmNWY-00026-00019082-00019582 it's a very very nice place to live. We don't have armies, everything is pretty much cool TWcCfDwmNWY-00027-00019789-00020290 and relaxed. Okay. The motivation for this talk. Why are we interested in TWcCfDwmNWY-00028-00020510-00021011 seismological networks? Well uhhh a malicious attacker is not interested for this, for attack TWcCfDwmNWY-00029-00021224-00021725 these devices, because we haven't seen research previously in this field. Umm it's pretty TWcCfDwmNWY-00030-00021931-00022432 weird actually, if you take a look in the snowden docs, if you look for the ummm string TWcCfDwmNWY-00031-00022646-00023163 seismological [inaudible], snowden does not mention anything about it. That was TWcCfDwmNWY-00032-00023163-00023663 pretty much very interesting to me. Ummm who could be interested on, I think that governments to TWcCfDwmNWY-00033-00024130-00024821 sabotage other country's seismological networks. This is a new and cool attack scenario, TWcCfDwmNWY-00034-00024821-00025322 because these devices are placed in a extreme environments like the middle of the ocean or umm TWcCfDwmNWY-00035-00025608-00026109 in the..underground. Around volcanoes and specific areas. You are playing with devices TWcCfDwmNWY-00036-00026413-00026913 that measure, ummm natural disasters. Sooo it's it's very risky. This could lead to a TWcCfDwmNWY-00037-00027220-00027884 financial...a financial sabotage, to a specific company or country. The vendors of these TWcCfDwmNWY-00038-00027884-00028461 instruments does not have any sense of computer security at all, i'm going to show you. TWcCfDwmNWY-00039-00028461-00029089 Remote access, remote exploitation. So all the things that I mentioned, ummm TWcCfDwmNWY-00040-00029089-00029589 power...power up this res..this research to continue until today. So how did we discover TWcCfDwmNWY-00041-00030070-00030570 these devices? We have as, as we told you before, a IOT search engine, so let's see a demo TWcCfDwmNWY-00042-00031057-00031735 about how we getting to this device. >> Okay let me show you guys very quickly, because it's TWcCfDwmNWY-00043-00031735-00032235 not the main focus of the talk. This is the, the NETDB web GUI, or the Web application. Ummm you TWcCfDwmNWY-00044-00032629-00033129 can um perform queries, regarding our query builder, on tool you can search on HTML, IP, TWcCfDwmNWY-00045-00033433-00033933 ports, URL, http headers, countries, SSL certificates as well, fingerprints and so on. So TWcCfDwmNWY-00046-00034297-00034798 there are a lot of options. So in this particular, uhhh what happened here. Sorry, okay TWcCfDwmNWY-00047-00035188-00035689 sorry. Okay. In this particular example we are asking NETDB for a particular IP address. Umm we TWcCfDwmNWY-00048-00036129-00036740 are indexing...uhh come on. Aaaaah. We are indexing from this IP, 3 ports, and this TWcCfDwmNWY-00049-00036740-00037013 example LDAP SSL with the respective certificate, and the http server, and http and the TWcCfDwmNWY-00050-00037013-00037514 port 80. If you take a look, and this is a IP address, and other search engine, and very well TWcCfDwmNWY-00051-00038301-00038802 known for you as snowden, doesn't have any resource. So uhh. I'm not saying we are doing TWcCfDwmNWY-00052-00039099-00039599 a very good job scanning the internet, but you are doing something, something that they TWcCfDwmNWY-00053-00039939-00040497 are not doing. >> We are using another strategy to use the resource. We are trying to get TWcCfDwmNWY-00054-00040497-00040997 as many as there are possible. >>Well basically that is NETDB and this is basically how we TWcCfDwmNWY-00055-00041231-00041831 were able to get into the seismograph. umm just looking into the http headers TWcCfDwmNWY-00056-00041831-00042325 labels.Okay. So umm as you can see we have a lot of fingerprints, of many devices. TWcCfDwmNWY-00057-00042819-00043019 So one day, we have been doing a lot of research and things to the search engine, we see a TWcCfDwmNWY-00058-00043019-00043219 keyword, a very curious keyword. We have another demo where we will see how we get into this TWcCfDwmNWY-00059-00043219-00043703 ummm particular device. Okay. So. So let's see the demo. So this is NETDB in action. As you TWcCfDwmNWY-00060-00043703-00044167 can see i'm asking NETDB for a particular string, which is Taurus, that string is available TWcCfDwmNWY-00061-00044167-00044367 in the server label and the http header of these two IP addresses. So you can see the TWcCfDwmNWY-00062-00044367-00044868 fingerprint, JD5.1X Linux 2.4.24, NMX Taurus. Uhh that was very, pretty much ummm new for TWcCfDwmNWY-00063-00046449-00046950 us. And I noticed when you connect directly to the, the web server running on the port 80, TWcCfDwmNWY-00064-00047701-00047987 you will get into this dashboard. And you are seeing something very unusual. I have TWcCfDwmNWY-00065-00047987-00048365 seen many researches about VNC, often on the internet, and many other server, but I haven't seen TWcCfDwmNWY-00066-00048365-00048682 this before in my life. Uhhmm I have seen, many many servers, but this one was pretty much TWcCfDwmNWY-00067-00048682-00048918 very different, because it is giving you readings, it's giving you voltage on readings, forward TWcCfDwmNWY-00068-00048918-00049185 and waveforms. You can see how the waveforms ummm, and there is a option called waveforms, and TWcCfDwmNWY-00069-00049185-00049452 you can refresh these waveforms every 5 seconds. In the beginning I was not sure, I was TWcCfDwmNWY-00070-00049452-00049689 exactly what was this thing. So Bervis and I started this research. Okay. [Clicking] For TWcCfDwmNWY-00071-00049689-00049939 some strange reason you find a unique fingerprint and millions of fingerprints we have and are TWcCfDwmNWY-00072-00049939-00050193 currently collecting with NETDB on the public internet. So what is Taurus? That is the question TWcCfDwmNWY-00073-00050193-00050694 now. So we have the web server, we have the readings, we have everything, we have access and TWcCfDwmNWY-00074-00053296-00053797 we can track them. So we now know already the fingerprints so we can now start tracking them TWcCfDwmNWY-00075-00058418-00059059 on the internet. But what it is? Okay ummm. What is Taurus? It is a portable, digital seismograph TWcCfDwmNWY-00076-00059059-00059536 developed by Nanometrics. It is a company based in Canada. Ummm when you take a look in the TWcCfDwmNWY-00077-00059536-00059883 official documentation, you will notice that, it's pretty much connected directly to the TWcCfDwmNWY-00078-00059883-00060160 broadband, broadband seismometer, which is called trillion 240. And then all the TWcCfDwmNWY-00079-00060160-00060413 data coming from the broadband seismometer is routed to the portable digital seismograph and TWcCfDwmNWY-00080-00060413-00060663 then that decision centre. Also it could be connected to a Geophone, ummm this Geophones TWcCfDwmNWY-00081-00060663-00060927 are devices, uhhh they are placed in the middle of the oceans to understand better the TWcCfDwmNWY-00082-00060927-00061207 sounds of the seismic waves in the middle of the ocean. >>So what is a seismometer. A TWcCfDwmNWY-00083-00061207-00061438 seismometer are instrument that measure the motion of the ground. They are reading the TWcCfDwmNWY-00084-00061438-00061654 wave movement from earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or different source. From wikipedia we read TWcCfDwmNWY-00085-00061654-00061855 there are different ummm common application like: earthquake detection, umm fracking TWcCfDwmNWY-00086-00061855-00062065 [inaudible], mine safety uhh and also structural analysis. >>So ummm continue with the research. TWcCfDwmNWY-00087-00062065-00062442 So, uhhh we asked..we asked...for example which is the, uhh organization to keep TWcCfDwmNWY-00088-00062442-00062942 the standards, protocols and all the rules; to get these devices working properly, ummm globally TWcCfDwmNWY-00089-00071721-00072215 in the world. So I found the the International federation of digital seismograph networks. TWcCfDwmNWY-00090-00072619-00072942 This organization keeps,keeps up to date the sea reference [inaudible], which is the uhhh TWcCfDwmNWY-00091-00072942-00073143 standard protocol for earthquake information exchange and all the digital seismograph worldwide TWcCfDwmNWY-00092-00073143-00073343 network. >> So umm, these devices provide the real location, just connecting TWcCfDwmNWY-00093-00073343-00073843 directly to the web server. So you can see you can go to the timing option and, and you will TWcCfDwmNWY-00094-00076132-00076633 notice that the location area is provided to you in the latitude and the longitude, and altitude. TWcCfDwmNWY-00095-00076913-00077610 According to their exact location somewhere in the world. So there is uhhh, uhhh demo, TWcCfDwmNWY-00096-00077610-00078178 showing you how we can...how we were able to find a seismograph in the middle of the ocean. So TWcCfDwmNWY-00097-00078178-00078678 let's take this, this data from the this ummm real production seismograph, and lets ask to TWcCfDwmNWY-00098-00079319-00079819 google for this location. And you will notice that its place in uh a very cool area. So just TWcCfDwmNWY-00099-00080860-00081361 go to google, put in the exact location and uhh, take it. And there you go. Its placed in the TWcCfDwmNWY-00100-00082318-00082819 middle of the ocean, in Europe, between UK and Norway and Denmark. >>So we said well this TWcCfDwmNWY-00101-00083476-00084134 is cool, these devices is running in an autonomous way in the middle of the ocean, so TWcCfDwmNWY-00102-00084134-00084634 let's attack this thing. Its pretty cool. Because I haven't seen someone exploiting in the TWcCfDwmNWY-00103-00084848-00085348 middle of the ocean, no? Okay umm NETDB is not giving their exact location because we are TWcCfDwmNWY-00104-00085585-00086086 using the MaxMind databases to query uhh the exact location of all IP address we find every TWcCfDwmNWY-00105-00086416-00086986 second, but it's pretty much accurate. Because it does know as well that your device is TWcCfDwmNWY-00106-00086986-00087487 located in some ISP in the UK. So this is an example of how you can use ummm google street view TWcCfDwmNWY-00107-00088681-00089252 in order to query the same information, and we found this seismograph located in Marlow TWcCfDwmNWY-00108-00089252-00089753 Oklahoma, it is the same one here, this is the co-ordinate. And asking to google, so it's TWcCfDwmNWY-00109-00090283-00090523 [inaudible], it's inside that property, but google streetview does not have access to that TWcCfDwmNWY-00110-00090523-00090877 property, but it's in there. So it's pretty cool. >> So which is the impact? So I was looking at TWcCfDwmNWY-00111-00090877-00091177 what was the real impact in the real world. ummm so uhh first..all...no one else has TWcCfDwmNWY-00112-00091177-00091678 ever done as we told before, research and security about this field. So we know that...we know TWcCfDwmNWY-00113-00093440-00093940 this that we can perform a denial of service, also we can take advantage of the web server TWcCfDwmNWY-00114-00094170-00094861 applications. And when we get to the web application vulnerabilities we see that TWcCfDwmNWY-00115-00094861-00095361 there are several bugs, ummm information disclosure, in the web application, that is using TWcCfDwmNWY-00116-00095632-00096126 as we said a web server. Also there is complete economic impact for oil and gas research TWcCfDwmNWY-00117-00096416-00096916 of a specific company. There are other fields like military industry and other areas. >> TWcCfDwmNWY-00118-00097454-00097954 Yeah. Okay ummm. In our company which is called PGS, umm they sell these components or these TWcCfDwmNWY-00119-00098238-00098738 networks, in order to perform uh guy...uh gas and oil recovery. Umm so this, this catched my TWcCfDwmNWY-00120-00099139-00099639 attention because you can see there is [inaudible] applications for this TWcCfDwmNWY-00121-00099996-00100497 technology. Uhhh just now, for earthquake detection or earth understanding. So vendors found TWcCfDwmNWY-00122-00100930-00101431 in this research, good old systems, G-well instruments, [inaudible], also uhhh, there TWcCfDwmNWY-00123-00101871-00102365 were more other vendors. The most effective is Nanometric, which claims they are the world TWcCfDwmNWY-00124-00102632-00103133 leaders on seismological instrumental networks. Uhhh also you can take a look in google TWcCfDwmNWY-00125-00103369-00103897 for white papers regarding instrumentation and earthquake seismology and to understand TWcCfDwmNWY-00126-00103897-00104397 better how these devices works, because it's pretty much a science field. So no one, it's TWcCfDwmNWY-00127-00104681-00104998 not very familiar to us as security researchers, its was pretty difficult to me to TWcCfDwmNWY-00128-00104998-00105198 understand exactly how these devices work, so I had to request some help from the TWcCfDwmNWY-00129-00105932-00106433 organization in my country which is called OBSCURE some information on how it works. And TWcCfDwmNWY-00130-00106673-00107307 I explained to them exactly well I got a [inaudible] in this thing, and they told me hey bro TWcCfDwmNWY-00131-00107307-00107807 we are screwed basically. Uhhhh. A lot of mathematics, a lof of physics, so if you are TWcCfDwmNWY-00132-00108141-00108641 interested you can take a look. This is an example of other sys....umm...seismological TWcCfDwmNWY-00133-00108935-00109435 instrumentation, ummm this is an example of how to use geophones, and ummm and hydrophones to TWcCfDwmNWY-00134-00109953-00110453 catch up the sounds from the ocean. And to catch up the movements from the earth. And in TWcCfDwmNWY-00135-00110867-00111367 the first example, they are producing a fake movement in order to get into the gas and TWcCfDwmNWY-00136-00111758-00112258 oil. So uhhh I found a demo, from a company doing this, and let's take a look how they are TWcCfDwmNWY-00137-00112809-00113413 being deployed and how they are producing the fake movement in the earth, in order to get into TWcCfDwmNWY-00138-00113413-00113913 the gas and oil, ummm sources. So as you can see, each point represents a little uhh sensor, TWcCfDwmNWY-00139-00114871-00115371 but you notice that they have a big trucks and they, in some way stimulate the earth in order to TWcCfDwmNWY-00140-00115805-00116306 get the response and check, well uhhh there is gas and oil so let's dig into it. This uhh TWcCfDwmNWY-00141-00116786-00117440 truck is collecting all the data from the network and then, ummm it sent to the acquisition main TWcCfDwmNWY-00142-00117440-00117810 centre. So this is what we are attacking. Each of these uhhhh little uhhh devices. [Clicking] TWcCfDwmNWY-00143-00117810-00118011 >> So uhhh let's take a look how the looks a typical configurations. As we can see, TWcCfDwmNWY-00144-00118011-00118211 we have the sensor, and we have a key...a portable digital seismograph. So basically the TWcCfDwmNWY-00145-00118211-00118832 portable is the small piece on the top of the image and we have the broadband, the small TWcCfDwmNWY-00146-00118832-00119332 [inaudible] at the bottom, which is called the Taurus, which is the internal of this devices. TWcCfDwmNWY-00147-00119766-00120266 ummm they are linux basis, uhh based system. they have a remote management system. they have a TWcCfDwmNWY-00148-00120730-00121231 several service like ssh, telnet, ftp, [inaudible], they have really accurate GPS that TWcCfDwmNWY-00149-00122419-00122919 can be used to get you know exact location of the device. They also basically are made for TWcCfDwmNWY-00150-00123476-00123960 ocean borne deployment, in this case the trillion. They have a battery that make the device be TWcCfDwmNWY-00151-00123960-00124460 long time, I mean years in the ocean. In this case we have sophisticated image, with which TWcCfDwmNWY-00152-00127514-00128208 we can see horizontal sensor, vertical sensors, we have a cellular...uhh >>Accelerators. TWcCfDwmNWY-00153-00128208-00128708 >> Oh yeah sorry. Ummm other layer for seismological and electronic stuff. Umm in this TWcCfDwmNWY-00154-00129025-00129526 image, this is a pretty expensive device, so we are not available to get one. So this is TWcCfDwmNWY-00155-00129789-00130290 a HD photography, in which we can see several components of this device. So uhh what about TWcCfDwmNWY-00156-00130613-00131184 the deploying options? We have two cases. The first ones is for the earth deployment and the TWcCfDwmNWY-00157-00131184-00131684 second one is for the ocean water deployment. The first one is standalone ummm deployment, TWcCfDwmNWY-00158-00131948-00132442 it is typically running in buffer mode, it does not require a network connection. For the TWcCfDwmNWY-00159-00132762-00133263 second one we will access some network elements, so in this case the user must configure the TWcCfDwmNWY-00160-00133526-00134220 Taurus with the required acquisition server IP. So the taurus will be streaming the TWcCfDwmNWY-00161-00134220-00134888 data to the acquisition server using the NP protocol. That means the Nanometric protocol. TWcCfDwmNWY-00162-00134888-00135538 >> Okay umm the offices depend on seismometers to monitor earthquakes generated by the TWcCfDwmNWY-00163-00135538-00136039 motion of tectonic plates, umm that turns it to crust. In order to function, the instruments TWcCfDwmNWY-00164-00136286-00136786 need to be umm level prior to operation. And that's easy enough for a device deploy on TWcCfDwmNWY-00165-00137010-00137534 dry land, but when it comes to seismometer placement on the ocean floor, thousands of feet TWcCfDwmNWY-00166-00137534-00138194 below to the survive, the pressures get to be more challenging. >> As you can see TWcCfDwmNWY-00167-00138194-00138862 the earth deployment is pretty simple. Umm you know its a small device, its simple steps to TWcCfDwmNWY-00168-00138862-00139362 deployment. So let's see the topology of the seismological network. Ummm before jumping TWcCfDwmNWY-00169-00139632-00140263 into the ocean deployment, ummm this is how it looks the seismological network. In this TWcCfDwmNWY-00170-00140263-00140764 scenario we have 3 different communications type. Ummm the first one is a BSAT, the second TWcCfDwmNWY-00171-00141034-00141534 one is a ADSL, and the third one is a GPRS modem. So basically the data comes to the sensor, TWcCfDwmNWY-00172-00141871-00142372 it's sent by the Taurus to the acquisition server. >> Well ummm, this is typical ocean born TWcCfDwmNWY-00173-00142866-00143366 deployment. They are using autonomous underwater vehicles, ummm as know as AUAVS. This is a TWcCfDwmNWY-00174-00143777-00144270 pretty much a expensive deployment as you need uhhh several ships and several UAVS. TWcCfDwmNWY-00175-00144747-00145248 And each of these sensors and digital seismographs cost around uhhh $30 000 dollar each. So TWcCfDwmNWY-00176-00145685-00146186 it's pretty much very expensive infrastructure. >> Uh this is an example how it looks like, the TWcCfDwmNWY-00177-00146639-00147317 uh the dashboard that receives all the data coming from all the remote stations. Uhh this TWcCfDwmNWY-00178-00147317-00147817 software which is provided also by Nanometric, which is called antenna. And it can provides to TWcCfDwmNWY-00179-00148161-00148792 you the, uhhh exact location and the nice web GUI. But that's not the focus of the talk today. TWcCfDwmNWY-00180-00148792-00149292 There is also an open source ummmm uhhh web server that can also collects the data coming TWcCfDwmNWY-00181-00149606-00150086 from this station, which is called uhh Syscom Tree. If you are interested to take a look in TWcCfDwmNWY-00182-00150086-00150697 the open source ummm seismological technology. Okay the challenge as I mentioned, is TWcCfDwmNWY-00183-00150697-00151197 pretty much ummm uhhh high. IN order to functions, ummmm this instruments need to be level TWcCfDwmNWY-00184-00151501-00152001 prior to operation. It's not easy when its thousands of feets on the ocean floor. So umm I TWcCfDwmNWY-00185-00152896-00153396 would like to sha...share, share with you, a video about how this, how this is works. TWcCfDwmNWY-00186-00154430-00154931 Actually we had sound. [Clicking] Uh okay. No sound, well. Well this is an quick TWcCfDwmNWY-00187-00155592-00156085 demo, uhh not a demo, it's just in order to take a look how these engineers work in the TWcCfDwmNWY-00188-00156689-00157190 ocean, deploying these devices. You can see this is the UAV, and that antenna that you can see, TWcCfDwmNWY-00189-00157403-00157904 is the GPS antenna, and inside that glass ball, is the cylinder with the sensor....... So this TWcCfDwmNWY-00190-00160997-00161498 device is..has an autonomy of 8 months, also they can be powered by a solar cell. Also in some TWcCfDwmNWY-00191-00161931-00162425 cases, they can be provided with a long term battery, because these devices consume pretty TWcCfDwmNWY-00192-00162755-00163256 much, a few power for their operation. So there you go. This is going straight to the, to TWcCfDwmNWY-00193-00164571-00165071 the, to the ocean.... Okay. >>Um okay. Seismometers capture uhh transient umm transient TWcCfDwmNWY-00194-00165902-00166566 phenomena. If an instrument malfunctions, whether it's at the bottom of the ocean, or at TWcCfDwmNWY-00195-00166566-00167066 the top of a polar ice cap, the data is lost forever. So if somebody know you can denial of TWcCfDwmNWY-00196-00167273-00167911 service this thing, you will lose a lot of data. And what happen if you do the same with a TWcCfDwmNWY-00197-00167911-00168511 uhhh with 1000 or 2000 of these devices at the same time, So this could impact a lot the TWcCfDwmNWY-00198-00168511-00168711 research these engineers are doing. You need to be absolutely sure that the sensor will TWcCfDwmNWY-00199-00168711-00169212 perform perfectly every time. That was exactly the direction of the marketing of Nanometrix. TWcCfDwmNWY-00200-00169949-00170450 >> Um soo what about the vulnerability research. Umm we start looking for get a shell TWcCfDwmNWY-00201-00170737-00171237 off the device, so we start looking first for the firmware, ummm in google..[inaudible[. But TWcCfDwmNWY-00202-00171471-00171971 it's pretty difficult to get it so what I did was uhhh look with my fiend for the firmware using TWcCfDwmNWY-00203-00172315-00172816 audit techniques. So let's play another video. >> So okay the firmware was not very easy to TWcCfDwmNWY-00204-00173106-00173693 find in the internet, when I started looking at it. So I decided to send an email TWcCfDwmNWY-00205-00173693-00174187 directly to the support, Nanometric support. And they replied me back, ummm 10 minutes TWcCfDwmNWY-00206-00174454-00174654 later. They told me uhh welcome, welcome to team [inaudible], so I am going to give you a TWcCfDwmNWY-00207-00174654-00174921 username and a password in order to get all the documentation, and all the firmware and all the TWcCfDwmNWY-00208-00174921-00175421 software. Okay. So I said oh pretty cool. So the same day I started downloading, everything, TWcCfDwmNWY-00209-00175785-00176052 the firmware and all the stuff available. They gave me access, i haven't done anything illegal TWcCfDwmNWY-00210-00176052-00176259 here, or something weird. Was a simple email requesting access to the firmware and, and they TWcCfDwmNWY-00211-00176259-00176766 were very gentle to give me access to that database. Okay so. There is the firmware TWcCfDwmNWY-00212-00176766-00177267 finally. It is uhh that tcg file, which contain a lot of scripts in bash. So basically TWcCfDwmNWY-00213-00179846-00180436 you don't need to use a bingwa..bing walk tool or firmware mod kit to take a look TWcCfDwmNWY-00214-00180436-00180937 into the firmware, like only...like other firmware available in IOT devices. So I TWcCfDwmNWY-00215-00181171-00181671 thought well you are probably kidding me because uhhh there is uhh a script Taurus install.sh, TWcCfDwmNWY-00216-00182258-00182759 which is pretty much a lot of uhhhh bash commands, so imagine you could inject bash commands TWcCfDwmNWY-00217-00183173-00183860 in that script, then upload it to the sensor, to the Taurus and you will probably get a backdoor TWcCfDwmNWY-00218-00183860-00184360 running always, sooo. Nothing complicated for us. Okay. Umm....after 3 days they sent to TWcCfDwmNWY-00219-00185111-00185612 me a email, uhhh Bertin Nanometric software and firmware can be provided to registered TWcCfDwmNWY-00220-00185819-00186462 customers and I don't see your organization registered in our customer database, so what is TWcCfDwmNWY-00221-00186462-00187060 the serial number of the Taurus you wish to upgrade? So they got me off all the access to the TWcCfDwmNWY-00222-00187060-00187524 database, but it was too late for them, because I already have all of the documentations and TWcCfDwmNWY-00223-00187524-00188024 all the firmwares. So I started digging into the firmware, I was able to get all the passwords, TWcCfDwmNWY-00224-00188311-00188932 the root passwords of the ssh daemon, the password of the web server, uhh the password of the TWcCfDwmNWY-00225-00188932-00189432 telnet, ftp and everything. And also I found several backdoors that are not, well documented in TWcCfDwmNWY-00226-00189709-00190210 the official documentation. So too much talk I know is, pretty hard for you, all this TWcCfDwmNWY-00227-00190547-00191047 information I know is pretty heavy. So let's take a look in the demo. [Clicking] So this is TWcCfDwmNWY-00228-00192188-00192689 the shell, umm with the default password and the ssh daemon. So who am I? I'm root of course, TWcCfDwmNWY-00229-00193002-00193503 Let's ask to the system the uname. You know it's a MMM...uhh NMX Taurus. And after that what TWcCfDwmNWY-00230-00194040-00194511 happened in the middle of the ocean, is the following............hahaha. TWcCfDwmNWY-00231-00194511-00195011 Come on. Yeah. [Laugher]. Hahaha yeah exploit. Ummm. Uhhh. Let's take a look here. Again. So TWcCfDwmNWY-00232-00197494-00198107 basically we now have our root shell, we have the uhh the highest privilege on the system. TWcCfDwmNWY-00233-00198107-00198608 We can do whatever you...we want. We have a busybox shell also, we have access to uhh all TWcCfDwmNWY-00234-00198938-00199439 the system components, all the threads. Everything is completely compromised after you TWcCfDwmNWY-00235-00199826-00200490 get the root password for the ssh system. So you can see there are a lot of profiles, so you TWcCfDwmNWY-00236-00200490-00200990 can go straight to user's text template, which are all the users in plaintext, and you will TWcCfDwmNWY-00237-00201274-00201714 notice that there is something called factory, and then central, tech and user. The TWcCfDwmNWY-00238-00201714-00201915 password is the same for all the users, uhh central central, tech tech, and the factory backdoor TWcCfDwmNWY-00239-00201915-00202415 which is not in the official documentation. Ummm this, this users are from the web TWcCfDwmNWY-00240-00203623-00204117 application, specifically. >> So let's continue taking a look at the system file, we look at the TWcCfDwmNWY-00241-00205198-00205698 [inaudible] passwd file, so let's do a cute, more users. You notice that, the ssh password, TWcCfDwmNWY-00242-00206155-00206656 is not, is not in here. It was in another file, but it was only available on, unpacking the TWcCfDwmNWY-00243-00207600-00208101 firmware. So,....so the password was dolphinating for the ssh server, I don't know why they TWcCfDwmNWY-00244-00209409-00209909 choose that uhh ummm pretty much, innocent password. Nothing related to the system, or the TWcCfDwmNWY-00245-00210350-00210850 field. dolhinating. So uhhh now we have access, a user, a backdoor user, a lot of TWcCfDwmNWY-00246-00211294-00211794 vulnerabilities, ummm lets test some vulnerabilities. Ummm and I wouldn't call this 0day, but no TWcCfDwmNWY-00247-00212008-00212509 one else previously found this, umm bug in the system until, I reported it to the US CERT. And TWcCfDwmNWY-00248-00212982-00213483 actually Nanometric confirms the issue, but they told me, well um yeah the bug is in there, and TWcCfDwmNWY-00249-00213750-00214250 you win, but I think there is no way to exploit it remotely, but it is in there. So well, I think TWcCfDwmNWY-00250-00214584-00215084 an attacker with a lot of creativity can exploit this umm remotely. So let's take a look TWcCfDwmNWY-00251-00215431-00215932 at the preview, to show you how the bug works perfectly. Oh yesss. So let me rewind TWcCfDwmNWY-00252-00216973-00217473 this.........okay, there you go. Also you notice we have access to all of the interfaces, so we TWcCfDwmNWY-00253-00218217-00218718 can turn off or turn..turn..turn on the interfaces. SO this is the bug, the shellshock bug. TWcCfDwmNWY-00254-00218958-00219459 This is completely vulnerable. And that's it. Sooo uhh more bugs and errors. You can see TWcCfDwmNWY-00255-00220623-00221284 traces. >> So uhh here is an example of a umm where when we was trying to put it down the TWcCfDwmNWY-00256-00221284-00221784 server getty, umm we noticed that it was pretty easy to crash, crash it out with a TWcCfDwmNWY-00257-00222131-00222782 fuzzing technique. Just sending it random data, over this getty server, because they have...uh TWcCfDwmNWY-00258-00222782-00223283 because they don't have no memory. >> Yeah you can actually send crafted URLS in order to TWcCfDwmNWY-00259-00223720-00224220 get these traces, so... >> So you will get a lot of these disclosure information messages. TWcCfDwmNWY-00260-00224420-00224921 >> Okay. So another vendor affected, that we notice is Dual systems. Specifically in the SSL TWcCfDwmNWY-00261-00225311-00225812 protocol. Uhhh these devices are run in https server, with uhhh full, [inaudible] block enabled, TWcCfDwmNWY-00262-00226132-00226633 uh [inaudible] bug enabled. And also using our platform NETDB, you can query the SSL TWcCfDwmNWY-00263-00226983-00227483 certificate for the string Dual systems and you will get directly into the Dual TWcCfDwmNWY-00264-00227707-00228391 seismometers. >> So ummm let's talk about a little, let's talk about protocol and communication TWcCfDwmNWY-00265-00228391-00228892 stuff. Umm this devices are using SEED, SEED is their protocol, their data format, TWcCfDwmNWY-00266-00229185-00229686 internally primarily, for a change in seismological times series data and related data. So TWcCfDwmNWY-00267-00229973-00230473 the format, the nomenclature for the SEED format, use for components. The first one is TWcCfDwmNWY-00268-00230693-00231337 network call, it's one to two characters to identify the owner of the data. The second one is TWcCfDwmNWY-00269-00231337-00231961 the station code, one two 5 character for the station recording the data, because it TWcCfDwmNWY-00270-00231961-00232609 could be several stations. Location ID, identify the different data streams for a TWcCfDwmNWY-00271-00232609-00233109 single station. And channel call, this is most important, which contains the band symbol TWcCfDwmNWY-00272-00233373-00233873 rate, type, and orientation of the sensor. So if you want to know more about the SEED TWcCfDwmNWY-00273-00234167-00234667 protocol , you can get into the reference manual which you can see on the webpage. >> Well this TWcCfDwmNWY-00274-00234884-00235131 is an example of about [inaudible] systems deploys the networking using the screen TWcCfDwmNWY-00275-00235131-00235338 server or something like that. So our attack now, we have a root shell but we need to do TWcCfDwmNWY-00276-00235338-00235542 something more. We are not just happy with a root shell in a seismograph in the middle of the TWcCfDwmNWY-00277-00235542-00235955 ocean, so we need to do something else. So I felt well, I have access to their protocol, TWcCfDwmNWY-00278-00235955-00236546 I have access to the device, so let's do a man in the middle attack. Umm from all the data TWcCfDwmNWY-00279-00236546-00236746 coming from there, being streamed directly to that decision centre. So my position TWcCfDwmNWY-00280-00236746-00237246 would now be in the middle of the, the station and that decision center, because these TWcCfDwmNWY-00281-00238081-00238581 packets are being sent without using any type of encryption, there is no ssl, there is no ppt TWcCfDwmNWY-00282-00239462-00240073 channel. there is nothing. These packets are being routed to the public internet without any TWcCfDwmNWY-00283-00240073-00240573 protection. This is an example of how looks, the packet header and the excuse me packet. This TWcCfDwmNWY-00284-00240900-00241401 is pretty much representative, it's not the exact packet. And I just did just for you to TWcCfDwmNWY-00285-00241638-00242138 understand better how the packet looks. Basically it's a xml file which contains all the TWcCfDwmNWY-00286-00242362-00242842 information regarding the latitude and longitude, and this is the main focus of the main in TWcCfDwmNWY-00287-00242842-00243526 the middle attack. Umm because we can modify in our proxy the latitude and the longitude, and TWcCfDwmNWY-00288-00243526-00244033 this is going to be injected directly to the management and decision centre as a false data, TWcCfDwmNWY-00289-00244033-00244534 or false positive. SO we can flood their decision centre with false data. Ummm let me show you TWcCfDwmNWY-00290-00244898-00245398 the demo of the man in the middle attack POC. Demo 6. [Mumbling]. So the same thing, TWcCfDwmNWY-00291-00246756-00247257 the same seismograph in the middle of the ocean, but this time...ummm this devices has a TWcCfDwmNWY-00292-00247614-00248114 option called communications, so they can stream an autonomous way packets to any specific IP TWcCfDwmNWY-00293-00248408-00248908 address that you provide to them. So let's take a look. Let's, let's create ahhhh a new TWcCfDwmNWY-00294-00249168-00249669 profile...uhh in order to route all the traffic to my proxy. You need to go go to data streaming. TWcCfDwmNWY-00295-00250059-00250486 You will notice there are some profiles in this seismograph, uhhh these steaming profiles, TWcCfDwmNWY-00296-00250486-00251104 but we are not going to touch anything. We are going to create a new one just for the proof of TWcCfDwmNWY-00297-00251104-00251604 concept. Okay. So let's provide uhh our IP address. And after pressing the apply button this TWcCfDwmNWY-00298-00252555-00253039 seismograph is going to start sending to me all the information coming from the TWcCfDwmNWY-00299-00253039-00253540 earth. And you will see on your right the TCP dump, ummm running. This is our proxy in TWcCfDwmNWY-00300-00253830-00254330 this case, and you will see all the data coming in straight to our proxy, and what i'm going to TWcCfDwmNWY-00301-00254704-00255204 do is modify the latitude and longitude and then replace uhhh our ip address to the original TWcCfDwmNWY-00302-00255595-00256095 main acquisition centre IP address, because it's using UDP, as as you know UDP packets TWcCfDwmNWY-00303-00256519-00257020 doesn't use any sequence mechanism like TCP, so you can spoof the IP address. And that's TWcCfDwmNWY-00304-00257507-00258001 it. So our conclusions. We are able to locate these devices anywhere in the world. We are in TWcCfDwmNWY-00305-00258491-00258918 control of the device, the network and the software running on it. Umm there is no ssl in TWcCfDwmNWY-00306-00258918-00259559 communications. This device is helped engineers to better understand the earth. And TWcCfDwmNWY-00307-00259559-00260236 Vendors please code better and put in security in device that help us protect our people TWcCfDwmNWY-00308-00260236-00260873 around the world. >> Yup >> So recommendations. Basically think of security when you code this TWcCfDwmNWY-00309-00260873-00262121 Ummm this equipment and that's it. Umm incase you have any questions just let us know. >> 00:43:41.219,00:00:00.000 Thanks [Clapping] TZXiqkVEOxu-00000-00000100-00000600 On the 1,000-day anniversary of the Syrian uprising, the country was covered with a white blanket of snow. TZXiqkVEOxu-00001-00000610-00001100 But unlike in previous years, no joy accompanied the snowfall, TZXiqkVEOxu-00002-00001110-00001600 for the burden of daily worries has become increasingly heavy and was only compounded by the harsh cold. TZXiqkVEOxu-00003-00001610-00001800 We have no services at all. TZXiqkVEOxu-00004-00001900-00002300 No diesel, no electricity, no gas. TZXiqkVEOxu-00005-00002300-00002400 It’s very difficult to obtain anything. TZXiqkVEOxu-00006-00002400-00002800 There's barely any wood available because petrol is so expensive. TZXiqkVEOxu-00007-00002900-00003000 It’s a disaster, what can I tell you? TZXiqkVEOxu-00008-00003100-00003300 Life is very, very difficult. TZXiqkVEOxu-00009-00003400-00003900 Areas under regime control have electricity, for us it’s been 15, 20 days without any power. TZXiqkVEOxu-00010-00004000-00004800 Innocence brought smiles to the children’s faces, despite the harsh cold that deepened once the sun set. TZXiqkVEOxu-00011-00004900-00005700 The houses have almost no recourse to any heating, and the electricity cuts are felt even more acutely during these hard days. TZXiqkVEOxu-00012-00005800-00006500 Thank God, we’re very happy about the snowfall, but we have no heat. TZXiqkVEOxu-00013-00006509-00007200 We go home and we’re wrapped up in blankets all day, there’s nothing. My father left to get us a diesel stove and he hasn’t been back for over a month. 15 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:19,000 Prices rose due to the road blockages and the snowfall, compounding the misery. TZXiqkVEOxu-00014-00008000-00008900 Syrians citizens have very little control of their lives, with the high levels of unemployment, the lack of access to basic necessities and the high rate of inflation. 17 00:01:31,000 --> 00:01:40,000 As soon as the snowstorm hit, the roads were cut off, there was no more diesel, petrol, gas, bread, vegetables… TZXiqkVEOxu-00015-00010200-00010700 And the prices are unbelievable, no one has any mercy. TZXiqkVEOxu-00016-00010800-00011200 A gas canister that used to cost 2,500 Syrian pounds (around 22 US dollars) now costs 3,000 (around 26 dollars). TZXiqkVEOxu-00017-00011400-00011900 For Damascus Bureau, Issam Abdel Hamid, Idlib countryside. TdQ6T2owH2o-00000-00002000-00002587 "The devil first deceives the mind and thereafter devours the heart". TdQ6T2owH2o-00001-00004779-00004979 The Necklace TdQ6T2owH2o-00002-00014440-00014740 Hi, did you arrive safely? TdQ6T2owH2o-00003-00021736-00021836 Good morning! TdQ6T2owH2o-00004-00022512-00022612 Maia? TdQ6T2owH2o-00005-00022947-00023147 I've been waiting for you. TdQ6T2owH2o-00006-00023147-00023275 Come in! TdQ6T2owH2o-00007-00023480-00023608 Hello Nicolas! TdQ6T2owH2o-00008-00023656-00023775 I'm fine. TdQ6T2owH2o-00009-00023843-00024043 No...why? TdQ6T2owH2o-00010-00024059-00024231 Don't come now! TdQ6T2owH2o-00011-00024243-00024547 I'm wating for Maia. The girl, who reads up to me. TdQ6T2owH2o-00012-00024559-00024759 Yes, I posted an advertisement. TdQ6T2owH2o-00013-00026231-00027068 Hi, did you arrive safely? I've just found a job for you. A blind man is looking for an Italian woman to read out to him. TdQ6T2owH2o-00014-00028148-00028348 Did you find the street easily? TdQ6T2owH2o-00015-00028436-00028536 Yes! TdQ6T2owH2o-00016-00028548-00028748 This used to be a good place... TdQ6T2owH2o-00017-00028819-00029119 ...before my wife died. TdQ6T2owH2o-00018-00029316-00029572 Would you like to drink something? TdQ6T2owH2o-00019-00029572-00029724 Tea or coffee? TdQ6T2owH2o-00020-00029783-00029983 No, thank you. TdQ6T2owH2o-00021-00030072-00030272 Please, take a seat. TdQ6T2owH2o-00022-00031648-00031948 Tell me something about you. TdQ6T2owH2o-00023-00032048-00032331 I came from Italy two months ago. TdQ6T2owH2o-00024-00032356-00032612 I found a cheap room but... TdQ6T2owH2o-00025-00032612-00032912 My wife Monica was also italian. TdQ6T2owH2o-00026-00033127-00033327 Can I start it, Sir? TdQ6T2owH2o-00027-00033612-00034212 "Giulietta was exactly the type of girl he could fall in love with. TdQ6T2owH2o-00028-00034263-00034763 He should have run away and disappear, before it was too late. TdQ6T2owH2o-00029-00034792-00035231 It was less than an hour before the meeting..." TdQ6T2owH2o-00030-00045392-00045892 You can't imagine, how lonely I am... TdQ6T2owH2o-00031-00046327-00046827 ...since my wife died. TdQ6T2owH2o-00032-00047675-00048007 Why did you come here Nicolas? TdQ6T2owH2o-00033-00048007-00048468 You are crazy about this necklace. I won't give it for your sister's marriage. TdQ6T2owH2o-00034-00048468-00048668 It was the necklace of Monica... TdQ6T2owH2o-00035-00048668-00049048 ...very expensive, it must be worth 10.000 euros! TdQ6T2owH2o-00036-00049060-00049560 If your sister wants something, why she doesn't call me? TdQ6T2owH2o-00037-00049995-00050275 When will you pay? TdQ6T2owH2o-00038-00050275-00050583 If you have no money, go away! TdQ6T2owH2o-00039-00052760-00052960 I'm leaving, Sir. TdQ6T2owH2o-00040-00053055-00053275 I'll be back next Friday. TdQ6T2owH2o-00041-00063815-00064003 Maia? TdQ6T2owH2o-00042-00064036-00064136 Yes! TdQ6T2owH2o-00043-00064167-00064467 Did you bring your necklace with you? TdQ6T2owH2o-00044-00065012-00065412 It's not worth 50 euros. TdQ6T2owH2o-00045-00076000-00076500 Written and Directed by TdQ6T2owH2o-00046-00076608-00076912 Cinematography by TdQ6T2owH2o-00047-00077000-00077524 Produced by TeeQHIXqmAE-00000-00000003-00000543 Hi, my name is Rich. I'm a coach, mentor & facilitator and at the heart of what I TeeQHIXqmAE-00001-00000543-00000984 do is a drive for authenticity, connection, and truth. It's who I am TeeQHIXqmAE-00002-00000984-00001278 and how I operate, and it's what I'm inspired to bring out TeeQHIXqmAE-00003-00001278-00001785 in other people as well. That was not always the case! Many years ago I was TeeQHIXqmAE-00004-00001785-00002139 stuck in a life, a job, a relationship, that were all going nowhere. TeeQHIXqmAE-00005-00002139-00002684 I had dreams of a more creative life but I put it all on hold out of a limiting TeeQHIXqmAE-00006-00002684-00003288 belief and fear. And as I started to watch life pass me by and others do the things TeeQHIXqmAE-00007-00003288-00003729 that I was dreaming of, I started to become frustrated, angry and depressed. TeeQHIXqmAE-00008-00003729-00004289 And that's when I got really sick. At 26 I was diagnosed with a debilitating TeeQHIXqmAE-00009-00004289-00004757 autoimmune disease that doctors told me I'd have for the rest of my life. And you TeeQHIXqmAE-00010-00004757-00005157 know what? That was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. TeeQHIXqmAE-00011-00005157-00005700 What I realized was that I had a choice in that moment. A choice to say NO to TeeQHIXqmAE-00012-00005700-00006155 this disease dictating my life, and YES to me creating the kind of life that I TeeQHIXqmAE-00013-00006155-00006551 wanted to live, finally. So I started taking action. TeeQHIXqmAE-00014-00006551-00007022 I made some huge shifts in my life, dove into self-development, and I found a way TeeQHIXqmAE-00015-00007022-00007448 to manage and reduce the stress at the root of my illness. It was then that I TeeQHIXqmAE-00016-00007448-00007875 discovered the Wim Hof Method, which I credit with completely curing my auto- TeeQHIXqmAE-00017-00007875-00008334 immune disease. I then became one of the first international Wim Hof Method TeeQHIXqmAE-00018-00008334-00008765 instructors, and have since taught thousands its benefits. From there I went deeper, TeeQHIXqmAE-00019-00008765-00009159 and in my studies of flow states, the high-performance mind, TeeQHIXqmAE-00020-00009159-00009590 Qi Gong, yoga and meditation, the masculine and feminine... what I realized TeeQHIXqmAE-00021-00009590-00010200 is that we need to find a way back into the body, to 're-align' with its wisdom and TeeQHIXqmAE-00022-00010200-00010601 intuition which already knows deep down what we want and TeeQHIXqmAE-00023-00010601-00010985 which direction to take. So I founded Re-Align as a coaching and facilitation TeeQHIXqmAE-00024-00010985-00011426 program designed to help people do what I did: to first find balance, then TeeQHIXqmAE-00025-00011426-00011858 direction, and to shape and design their ideal life. In my workshops I teach TeeQHIXqmAE-00026-00011858-00012278 somatic awareness and embodiment practices, breathwork, cold exposure, TeeQHIXqmAE-00027-00012278-00012830 Tantric Hatha Yoga... all of which help us find an inner stillness, or a clear lake TeeQHIXqmAE-00028-00012830-00013352 of the mind. My coaching is an extension of this. From this place of clear seeing, I TeeQHIXqmAE-00029-00013352-00013733 help people to say the things they've never said before, to make the brave TeeQHIXqmAE-00030-00013733-00014093 choices they've been avoiding, and to show up from what I call their 'core truth'. TeeQHIXqmAE-00031-00014093-00014638 This is who you are at your core, your uniqueness, your values and how you show TeeQHIXqmAE-00032-00014638-00015131 up from that place in everything you do. And when you start with yourself, life starts TeeQHIXqmAE-00033-00015131-00015593 to shift around you. From this place you can experience the shifts and success that you're looking for. TeeQHIXqmAE-00034-00015593-00016066 I know it's possible to move from feeling overwhelmed, unfocused ,not TeeQHIXqmAE-00035-00016066-00016706 knowing the next step... to operating from a place of stability, clarity, direction and TeeQHIXqmAE-00036-00016706-00017186 flow. We don't have to wait until we're stressed or sick in order to live differently, TeeQHIXqmAE-00037-00017186-00017663 we just have to make a decision to make a change. Re-align with your real self, TeeQHIXqmAE-00038-00017663-00018194 connect more to your passions, your partner, you client, and your tribe... and TeeQHIXqmAE-00039-00018194-00018655 live your most authentic life. TkFXhKaFDzM-00000-00000338-00000463 *Growl* TkFXhKaFDzM-00001-00000819-00001019 *Growling* TkFXhKaFDzM-00002-00001019-00001374 *Ghoulish Growling* TkMg5LcBNpU-00000-00000136-00000704 when my dad found out that my mom was pregnant he left um he told my mom that i wasn't his um TkMg5LcBNpU-00001-00000792-00001328 and i grew up thinking thinking that i grew up believing that so i didn't grow up with my dad TkMg5LcBNpU-00002-00001328-00001944 honestly i would try to make an effort to see him and my mom would always tell me like why would you TkMg5LcBNpU-00003-00001944-00002424 want that why would you want to be with someone who just rejected you he's not worth it he's TkMg5LcBNpU-00004-00002480-00002984 he doesn't even care about you and i remember i would always fight with her to see him like since TkMg5LcBNpU-00005-00002984-00003479 i was a little girl since i was like four years old i would always push mom i want to see him TkMg5LcBNpU-00006-00003479-00004008 mom i want to know him and i would get to but it would be like it would be like once a year TkMg5LcBNpU-00007-00004008-00004504 so i don't have a lot of memories like of my dad when i was younger you know he would come in and TkMg5LcBNpU-00008-00004504-00005336 out of my life all the time and i grew up honestly feeling just just like abandoned you know very TkMg5LcBNpU-00009-00005336-00005952 like rejected by my dad and i didn't understand you know why he left and i didn't understand why TkMg5LcBNpU-00010-00005952-00006472 my mom was telling me what she told you know she would tell me like if it was because of something TkMg5LcBNpU-00011-00006472-00007064 that i did you know like why didn't he love me why didn't he fight for me you know the way that TkMg5LcBNpU-00012-00007064-00007736 i fought for him i wanted to be in his life but he never fought to be in mine at one point we were TkMg5LcBNpU-00013-00007736-00008336 living with other people like in a home and i was like like five or six i would share a room with TkMg5LcBNpU-00014-00008336-00008904 someone i had my own bed and then they had their bed like right next to me and i remember i was TkMg5LcBNpU-00015-00008904-00009536 alone with this person i don't know where my mom was honestly but i was alone with this person and TkMg5LcBNpU-00016-00009656-00010312 i was laying on the bed with them and this person just started like touching me you know he started TkMg5LcBNpU-00017-00010312-00010920 like um just playing with my hair he started looking at me and i was like really curious TkMg5LcBNpU-00018-00010920-00011536 and i was like why is he touching me and so like i started to touch him like i touched his his arm TkMg5LcBNpU-00019-00011536-00012168 like he started to touch like you know my private parts like my breasts like my legs my butt and TkMg5LcBNpU-00020-00012168-00012624 that's when i was like i feel like uncomfortable you know and like i didn't know how to TkMg5LcBNpU-00021-00012704-00013312 i didn't know how to like say no i didn't know how to stop i was really like shy i was really afraid TkMg5LcBNpU-00022-00013368-00013928 so i kind of would just be like i would move away you know i would like get off of the bed to look TkMg5LcBNpU-00023-00013928-00014591 like oh is someone coming so that maybe like he would stop and um he didn't he would just keep TkMg5LcBNpU-00024-00014591-00015232 touching me and touching me and i would just i kind of like froze and then for some reason like TkMg5LcBNpU-00025-00015336-00015944 he just like reacted and he stopped he completely stopped and i think it was because um honestly TkMg5LcBNpU-00026-00015944-00016440 like i could feel it in like my heart and i was so young but i felt that he he regretted it because TkMg5LcBNpU-00027-00016440-00017072 he was someone really really close to me like he was like my dad you know um and he left he just TkMg5LcBNpU-00028-00017072-00017728 left he left the apartment completely and i was i was there alone so that honestly like opened up TkMg5LcBNpU-00029-00017800-00018424 the door to like a lot in my life when i was like in middle school i started like experimenting with TkMg5LcBNpU-00030-00018424-00019064 um like pornography i started like experimenting with masturbation honestly i even think it started TkMg5LcBNpU-00031-00019064-00019760 before middle school i remember that i would just be very curious you know like i remember that TkMg5LcBNpU-00032-00019760-00020296 when i would go to my grandma's house like i found some you know like magazines and things like that TkMg5LcBNpU-00033-00020296-00020968 and i i i was just looking at it and i would just keep on looking at it and um that also just like TkMg5LcBNpU-00034-00020968-00021600 started stirring up things in my mind and i would begin to just do things like on my own you know i TkMg5LcBNpU-00035-00021600-00022352 would watch porn like all the time it was it was it was it was really toxic it was really heavy TkMg5LcBNpU-00036-00022416-00022904 and i grew up with that you know no one knew like my mom didn't know that i was doing that TkMg5LcBNpU-00037-00022904-00023432 my grandma didn't know like other than that i didn't really have anyone else in my life you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00038-00023432-00023992 so no one knew i didn't tell friends at school because if people know that you're doing that TkMg5LcBNpU-00039-00023992-00024560 they would either think that you're crazy or like a [__] or something like that and so i just i TkMg5LcBNpU-00040-00024560-00025168 i just carried that you know with myself i was in middle school and i met like a really good TkMg5LcBNpU-00041-00025168-00025712 friend um she came from new zealand her dad was a diplomat we would hang out like all the time TkMg5LcBNpU-00042-00025712-00026295 like she was so awesome she had a big family she had a brother she had like three sisters TkMg5LcBNpU-00043-00026295-00027024 mom and dad and i loved spending time with them like i loved it because they had something that TkMg5LcBNpU-00044-00027024-00027632 i didn't you know they had stability they had a home they had a family you know and when i TkMg5LcBNpU-00045-00027632-00028208 became really close to her they took me in as like their daughter too um they would feed me TkMg5LcBNpU-00046-00028208-00028688 they would take me places with them they would invite me everywhere and they always took care of TkMg5LcBNpU-00047-00028688-00029320 me and i was like spending time with her and the family for like months until one day like the mom TkMg5LcBNpU-00048-00029320-00029816 was like do you want to come to church with us and it was like months after and i was like yeah like TkMg5LcBNpU-00049-00029816-00030720 sure why not and so um i was actually just going back a little bit um i was actually i was raised TkMg5LcBNpU-00050-00030720-00031248 in church i i was catholic my grandma would take me to church all the time i was baptized when TkMg5LcBNpU-00051-00031248-00031800 i was a baby and um i remember doing my first communion and i was going to do my confirmation TkMg5LcBNpU-00052-00031856-00032400 but during that those times like it was really difficult like i would tell my mom i don't want TkMg5LcBNpU-00053-00032400-00033008 to go anymore because i was i was watching porn and i was masturbating and i remember that for TkMg5LcBNpU-00054-00033008-00033560 us to be able to like receive something like we couldn't be like sinning and so we would have to TkMg5LcBNpU-00055-00033560-00034168 go to the priest and we would have to confess and i felt shamed i felt so guilty like i didn't want TkMg5LcBNpU-00056-00034168-00034752 to share my secrets with anyone and like i knew that if i didn't speak up or i didn't ask him like TkMg5LcBNpU-00057-00034808-00035368 like god wasn't going to forgive me so i decided like mom i just i really don't want to go please TkMg5LcBNpU-00058-00035368-00035832 don't make me go like i've been going my whole life and and i just don't want to go back to TkMg5LcBNpU-00059-00035832-00036672 church anymore you know with my grandma and so when um when my friend's mom like when she TkMg5LcBNpU-00060-00036672-00037160 extended that invitation i was kind of like caught off guard i was like i don't know if i really want TkMg5LcBNpU-00061-00037160-00037696 to go to this you know like this is gonna be weird um like what is it like and things like that and TkMg5LcBNpU-00062-00037696-00038216 she's like if only if you feel comfortable like you don't have to come if you don't want to um we TkMg5LcBNpU-00063-00038216-00038808 have like you know children's um ministry we have middle school ministries so you'd be going with TkMg5LcBNpU-00064-00038808-00039472 with my friend at the time her name was sienna and i was like okay like i want to go and so i TkMg5LcBNpU-00065-00039472-00040008 went with her and it was completely different than what i grew up in you know because it was TkMg5LcBNpU-00066-00040008-00040680 a christian church and so it was not like what i expected i didn't see people dressed like and why TkMg5LcBNpU-00067-00040680-00041216 you know i didn't see like a priest up there and then like um candles everywhere things TkMg5LcBNpU-00068-00041216-00041696 like that it was just so different you know um when i was there it honestly felt like TkMg5LcBNpU-00069-00041800-00042504 it really felt like um like i belonged it felt like i was known you know like i was hurt and not TkMg5LcBNpU-00070-00042504-00043176 just that like i was like discovering like who jesus really was like who who god was you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00071-00043176-00043800 like i grew up knowing that there was god and i had to obey god but i didn't know why you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00072-00043800-00044496 i didn't know what that meant what that looked like um and i fell in love i fell in love with god TkMg5LcBNpU-00073-00044912-00045096 sorry okay TkMg5LcBNpU-00074-00045344-00045800 i mean and tell us a little bit about that moment because obviously you're you're you're TkMg5LcBNpU-00075-00045800-00046432 you're getting emotional by it if you could just describe in more words what you felt TkMg5LcBNpU-00076-00046528-00046832 in those moments coming into his presence TkMg5LcBNpU-00077-00047024-00047784 it was sorry um it was beautiful like the best thing that has ever happened i would feel loved TkMg5LcBNpU-00078-00047856-00048552 i would feel loved you know like regardless of everything that i had done i was only 13 and i had TkMg5LcBNpU-00079-00048552-00049184 lived so much you know like sexual brokenness like i felt so accepted and loved by him TkMg5LcBNpU-00080-00049352-00050064 you know i felt i felt safe i felt like he was just he was he was there he was speaking to me TkMg5LcBNpU-00081-00050120-00050648 so i i told my mom i shared it with her i shared my experience with her and my mom TkMg5LcBNpU-00082-00050648-00051304 was catholic too and and she was just like she was like well you know i'm the one who's taking TkMg5LcBNpU-00083-00051304-00051816 care of you you know like you're only 13 you can't be making decisions on your own like that TkMg5LcBNpU-00084-00051872-00052320 and um i was like no mom like please like understand me like please let me go like TkMg5LcBNpU-00085-00052320-00052864 i wanna i wanna be with jesus like i i thought that jesus was there so i wanted to be there TkMg5LcBNpU-00086-00052984-00053528 for some time she was like no i don't i don't want you to go and then like i would always ask your TkMg5LcBNpU-00087-00053528-00054079 mom like you know talk to siena's mom like please let me go and so she started to let me go and then TkMg5LcBNpU-00088-00054079-00054536 my grandma started to have this conversation with i mean my mom started to have this conversation TkMg5LcBNpU-00089-00054536-00055128 with my grandma about um me attending this new church and that it was a christian church and TkMg5LcBNpU-00090-00055200-00055752 my grandma was completely like against it um she stopped talking to us for like three months TkMg5LcBNpU-00091-00055752-00056360 and she was not happy with that you like at all and um i was like well you know it is what TkMg5LcBNpU-00092-00056360-00056904 it is like i'm i'm sorry like i i what i had experienced was so much greater than whether TkMg5LcBNpU-00093-00056967-00057479 my grandma was gonna be mad at me or my mom like i i didn't care and it sounds bad but i honestly TkMg5LcBNpU-00094-00057479-00058040 didn't so i started going to the church i started serving and at this point the church was in a high TkMg5LcBNpU-00095-00058040-00058528 school and they had bought like a building and they were gonna start like setting up and creating TkMg5LcBNpU-00096-00058528-00059152 everything so i remember i would go i would serve and um at the church that's where i discovered TkMg5LcBNpU-00097-00059152-00059776 that like i loved worship um i loved worship i started playing on the worship team and you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00098-00059776-00060464 from 13 to 14 it was just the most beautiful like experience ever you know i met other people i met TkMg5LcBNpU-00099-00060464-00061000 jesus i started becoming so curious you know someone gave me a bible like a student bible TkMg5LcBNpU-00100-00061055-00061376 and i just started reading the student bible like i couldn't put it down like TkMg5LcBNpU-00101-00061376-00061920 something inside of me was like i just i want more i want more and more and more TkMg5LcBNpU-00102-00062000-00062679 and so um that's what i did i would just like like just breathe jesus like all the time TkMg5LcBNpU-00103-00062824-00063448 and at the church i i had met someone that i started to like you know i i was like wow i really TkMg5LcBNpU-00104-00063448-00063879 like this person and things like that but we were we were just friends and um before i got into TkMg5LcBNpU-00105-00063879-00064464 this relationship i was still you know struggling with like masturbating i was still struggling with TkMg5LcBNpU-00106-00064528-00065040 wanting attention you know from other guys i i didn't share this at all with anyone at church TkMg5LcBNpU-00107-00065040-00065512 because i didn't know that i could you know um the church that i went to at the time like TkMg5LcBNpU-00108-00065568-00066232 we never really discussed those topics you know um so because we never talked about them i felt like TkMg5LcBNpU-00109-00066232-00066864 if i brought them up i would just be like rejected again you know so i i hid you know my sin was just TkMg5LcBNpU-00110-00066864-00067560 hidden for so long and so when i met this person and we became friends and we started liking each TkMg5LcBNpU-00111-00067560-00068160 other talking to each other we started dating and it was it was great for some time but i TkMg5LcBNpU-00112-00068160-00068984 i was very i was very broken i was very toxic i would act out in ways that i saw my grandma TkMg5LcBNpU-00113-00068984-00069592 act out towards her husband i would say things or do things like very manipulative to get him TkMg5LcBNpU-00114-00069592-00070256 to just spend time with me to get him to love me more so i would start i i opened the door to TkMg5LcBNpU-00115-00070352-00070928 literally like i opened the door in his life where i introduced him to like a lot of sexual things TkMg5LcBNpU-00116-00070928-00071624 from there i ended up losing my virginity and um when i lost my virginity like i TkMg5LcBNpU-00117-00071680-00072336 i felt i felt bad you know like it's not what i wanted i was disappointed in myself TkMg5LcBNpU-00118-00072336-00073064 and um i knew that i had hurt someone else you know i knew that i had brought someone out of TkMg5LcBNpU-00119-00073064-00073672 this promise that they had made um to just be with me because i wanted i i wanted to be manipulative TkMg5LcBNpU-00120-00073672-00074448 because i wanted to keep him and and i and i did just that you know i did just that and so some TkMg5LcBNpU-00121-00074448-00075064 time passed and after that like the relationship just crumbled you know i was young we were TkMg5LcBNpU-00122-00075064-00075824 only 16. we ended things and we stopped talking completely and i left the church and that's when TkMg5LcBNpU-00123-00075824-00076272 a lot of things just started happening in my life i entered into depression TkMg5LcBNpU-00124-00076272-00076944 that was the first time that i had entered into something so like deep where i i couldn't eat TkMg5LcBNpU-00125-00077016-00077752 i didn't take care of myself i wouldn't shower i would cry i would stay in my room i contemplated TkMg5LcBNpU-00126-00077752-00078312 so many times like cutting myself you know like all of these thoughts started coming into my head TkMg5LcBNpU-00127-00078312-00078816 when i would get like angry when i would cry i would just like squeeze myself or i would pull my TkMg5LcBNpU-00128-00078816-00079416 hair like so much like opened up like in my life i started smoking i started hanging out with people TkMg5LcBNpU-00129-00079496-00080136 that did drugs you know that loved partying that loved drinking and i just started smoking TkMg5LcBNpU-00130-00080136-00081000 i started drinking a lot and i i met this guy i met this guy who was in the same lifestyle as me TkMg5LcBNpU-00131-00081000-00081792 who was broken just like me and we attracted each other you know it was it was sexual the whole time TkMg5LcBNpU-00132-00081792-00082592 it was filled with sex um but it was also filled with a lot of a lot of manipulation um i remember TkMg5LcBNpU-00133-00082592-00083024 it was my senior year and i was playing soccer and i got kicked off of the soccer team TkMg5LcBNpU-00134-00083096-00083752 because i wouldn't show up i would i would be high with with this guy my mom didn't like him at all TkMg5LcBNpU-00135-00083752-00084392 i remember one time she she called the cops when i was with him she called the cops twice and both TkMg5LcBNpU-00136-00084392-00084976 times they found me at home but she had called them because i had like you know escaped to be TkMg5LcBNpU-00137-00084976-00085728 with him and so this person in my life was causing like a lot of just a lot of bad things you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00138-00085728-00086272 and i was i was allowing it i was with him and our relationship was on and off i found out that TkMg5LcBNpU-00139-00086272-00086800 he cheated on me that was the first time that i had been cheated on and i felt very like felt TkMg5LcBNpU-00140-00086800-00087440 like i didn't even matter you know i i wanted to give my all to this person but they didn't love TkMg5LcBNpU-00141-00087440-00088080 me they didn't accept me and so i just would keep going back to the places that i was hurt TkMg5LcBNpU-00142-00088184-00088848 you know and trying to find myself i just got so lost i would try to find value and and people that TkMg5LcBNpU-00143-00088848-00089456 hurt me i would try to find worth and in so many different places that just kept hurting me and TkMg5LcBNpU-00144-00089456-00090088 hurting me and hurting me and i stayed i stayed with this person i went back with him i remember TkMg5LcBNpU-00145-00090088-00090896 one time i used to work at five guys and um he was supposed to pick me up from work and he got there TkMg5LcBNpU-00146-00091016-00091504 and supposedly he had heard like a rumor about me saying that like i had done something TkMg5LcBNpU-00147-00091504-00092144 and he didn't like that and so he called me out i went out had all my stuff and i go up to him like TkMg5LcBNpU-00148-00092144-00092616 hey you're like are you ready and he was like he just looked at me and he started laughing at me TkMg5LcBNpU-00149-00092616-00093176 and he'd be like i don't want anything to do with you you're a [__] and he just drove he drove off TkMg5LcBNpU-00150-00093336-00094096 and i remember like i i was just i was like what just happened i was crying and i walked over TkMg5LcBNpU-00151-00094192-00094736 to like a gas station and i was i was in tears i was broken i didn't want to reach out to my TkMg5LcBNpU-00152-00094736-00095176 mom you know i didn't want to disappoint her i didn't want her to know that i was still with him TkMg5LcBNpU-00153-00095272-00095768 i ran into just random people and i asked them like hey can you guys give me a ride home TkMg5LcBNpU-00154-00095864-00096496 i didn't know who they were and i just got in the car and i cried i cried in the back seat i'm like TkMg5LcBNpU-00155-00096496-00097224 broken like thinking about my whole life like it was a really really heavy time for me and um i got TkMg5LcBNpU-00156-00097224-00097920 home i got home safe which was good i was really thankful for these people you know like they just TkMg5LcBNpU-00157-00097920-00098424 after they dropped me off they got out of the car their car and they just hugged me and they said TkMg5LcBNpU-00158-00098424-00098904 like you're gonna be okay i didn't know who they were i didn't get their number and i was like okay TkMg5LcBNpU-00159-00098904-00099632 thank you i went back i went back with him again but things started escalating you know like he was TkMg5LcBNpU-00160-00099632-00100264 he was very like manipulative with my emotions controlling um but he also started to just get TkMg5LcBNpU-00161-00100264-00100672 a little bit physical you know the first time happened we were having an argument TkMg5LcBNpU-00162-00100672-00101128 and he just he pushed me down to the ground and i was like i was like oh my gosh like TkMg5LcBNpU-00163-00101128-00101488 what the heck and i was like you know what like let's just not talk about this anymore TkMg5LcBNpU-00164-00101568-00101872 and he just kept screaming and screaming at me and i was like okay TkMg5LcBNpU-00165-00102008-00102864 and um after that um i found out that like i found out that like i was pregnant and TkMg5LcBNpU-00166-00103464-00104111 i was scared i was really scared i knew i didn't want to be with this person and i was just really TkMg5LcBNpU-00167-00104111-00104632 afraid of what could happen to me what could happen to like the child that i was carrying TkMg5LcBNpU-00168-00104735-00105456 i didn't tell anyone i didn't tell my mom i didn't tell my friends i was just really alone TkMg5LcBNpU-00169-00105624-00106232 and i told him and he was just in shock and he was like well like you know what do we do and TkMg5LcBNpU-00170-00106232-00106832 i was like well i don't know and he was like i don't want to be with you and he broke up with me TkMg5LcBNpU-00171-00106976-00107144 i was just kind of alone TkMg5LcBNpU-00172-00107359-00107808 by myself i decided that i didn't want to have the baby TkMg5LcBNpU-00173-00107952-00108440 i was like i don't want to do this and in my heart i knew what i was doing was wrong TkMg5LcBNpU-00174-00108840-00109744 but i did it anyways and that you know having an abortion for years for like TkMg5LcBNpU-00175-00109744-00110352 six seven years i lived in so much shame i had never carried so much weight before in my life TkMg5LcBNpU-00176-00110424-00111072 i was so unhappy i was so broken after i had the abortion and you know i did everything that i TkMg5LcBNpU-00177-00111072-00111624 could to just get money you know so that i could have it i told him i was gonna do it TkMg5LcBNpU-00178-00111624-00112032 and he was like okay that's fine you know like you can go ahead and do that TkMg5LcBNpU-00179-00112032-00112800 i'll take you and everything and okay so it ended up happening and um it was very traumatic TkMg5LcBNpU-00180-00112800-00113344 you know not just for me but for my mom for my family members the ones who saw me there broken TkMg5LcBNpU-00181-00113472-00114104 you know once after that you know i graduated i got good grades i got accepted into college and TkMg5LcBNpU-00182-00114168-00114664 my life was starting to like pick up again you know i didn't want to give up on myself TkMg5LcBNpU-00183-00114664-00115192 i didn't want to give up on myself at all um so i left to college i left to go play soccer in texas TkMg5LcBNpU-00184-00115311-00115792 and i stayed there for some time and i was just focusing on just really like um TkMg5LcBNpU-00185-00115856-00116311 forgetting things not healing but forgetting things completely you know what i had to live TkMg5LcBNpU-00186-00116311-00116944 through and then i decided to come back and when i came back i didn't know what i wanted TkMg5LcBNpU-00187-00116944-00117696 to do you know like i didn't have a plan and so because i didn't have a plan i just started TkMg5LcBNpU-00188-00117696-00118456 drinking i started going out i went to my first rave and then i ended up loving it and i was i was TkMg5LcBNpU-00189-00118456-00119032 going to ask you before you go into into that part um where where was god in all of this as TkMg5LcBNpU-00190-00119111-00119544 what were you hearing from him or did you just completely isolate yourself TkMg5LcBNpU-00191-00119656-00120208 where was your relationship with god in that time i completely isolated myself from god TkMg5LcBNpU-00192-00120208-00120976 i didn't go back to church at all i would hear god i would write i journaled all the time TkMg5LcBNpU-00193-00120976-00121568 to god but i never wanted to go back to god and i didn't know why when i knew he wasn't TkMg5LcBNpU-00194-00121568-00122032 the one who hurt me now that i speak of it it was actually more so because i felt TkMg5LcBNpU-00195-00122104-00122832 really guilty that like i let him down how could i go back to god after having an abortion how could TkMg5LcBNpU-00196-00122832-00123688 i go back to god after hurting my mom how could i go back i would always think that and i never TkMg5LcBNpU-00197-00123688-00124192 went back but i like i said i would always write and that's as close as i would get to him i would TkMg5LcBNpU-00198-00124192-00124816 just always write i would write songs and i would play guitar like i stayed with like worship and i TkMg5LcBNpU-00199-00124816-00125272 would just do that in my room but that was as close as i got to god during those times TkMg5LcBNpU-00200-00125383-00125983 i never wanted to get closer because i was just afraid during those times like i still stayed TkMg5LcBNpU-00201-00125983-00126528 you know with masturbation and pornography i was never you know set free from that TkMg5LcBNpU-00202-00126528-00127176 during that time i was still like just living in that all the time and when i came back TkMg5LcBNpU-00203-00127320-00127800 like i said i started smoking i started partying i started going to raves and it was something that TkMg5LcBNpU-00204-00127800-00128511 i would do every single week during that time i didn't have any relationships i wasn't with anyone TkMg5LcBNpU-00205-00128624-00129232 i wanted to stay single i wanted to take care of myself by taking care of myself it was like TkMg5LcBNpU-00206-00129232-00129735 i just didn't want to get hurt again so i didn't want to be with someone i didn't want them to TkMg5LcBNpU-00207-00129735-00130368 know me i didn't want my to expose like my heart i didn't want to share it with anyone a year went by TkMg5LcBNpU-00208-00130368-00131112 and i met someone i met someone at the mall i was waiting in line and i saw this person they saw me TkMg5LcBNpU-00209-00131112-00131688 and then somehow on instagram we found each other and so i met this person and i started talking to TkMg5LcBNpU-00210-00131688-00132296 this person i started partying with this person i would go out with this person all the time and he TkMg5LcBNpU-00211-00132296-00132744 became like a friends with benefits and then i ended up starting like liking this person TkMg5LcBNpU-00212-00132816-00133416 and i remember when i liked him he had gotten out of a relationship from high school that he TkMg5LcBNpU-00213-00133416-00134080 was in for a couple of years and um the back story is important because when i wanted to TkMg5LcBNpU-00214-00134080-00134464 be with him and i would pursue him and i would talk to him i would be there for him TkMg5LcBNpU-00215-00134528-00134984 he would always tell me no he'd be like no i can't be with you and i'd just be like why TkMg5LcBNpU-00216-00134984-00135696 you know he'd be like no because you're not my ex because you're not good enough you're not like her TkMg5LcBNpU-00217-00135784-00136304 you're not going to make me feel what she made me feel he would always tell me that TkMg5LcBNpU-00218-00136488-00137456 and i would i would cry all the time i would cry so much i wanted to be like her i wanted to be TkMg5LcBNpU-00219-00137456-00137976 like anyone that would catch his attention i wanted to be enough i wanted to be loved TkMg5LcBNpU-00220-00138088-00138728 but i wasn't enough to be loved we would still have sex so you know i felt used TkMg5LcBNpU-00221-00138728-00139200 but i didn't care i would allow myself to be used because i would tell myself eventually TkMg5LcBNpU-00222-00139200-00139864 he'll fall in love eventually he'll accept you but he would always bring up his ex he TkMg5LcBNpU-00223-00139864-00140312 would always bring up like you don't do things like she did or i can't love you because i'm TkMg5LcBNpU-00224-00140312-00140968 still in love with her or so many things and i remember um one time after a party like i TkMg5LcBNpU-00225-00140968-00141336 was really really drunk and wasted and i couldn't make the drive all the way from TkMg5LcBNpU-00226-00141408-00142448 towson you know back home and um i stayed over and we had unprotected sex and i got pregnant again TkMg5LcBNpU-00227-00142640-00143344 i remember that um when i told him i i didn't even let him speak i didn't let him react and i said TkMg5LcBNpU-00228-00143344-00143944 i'm keeping this baby you know i was like this happened to me before and i'm not going to make TkMg5LcBNpU-00229-00143944-00144584 the same mistake again and he was in shock and he was like well what am i going to do like you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00230-00144584-00145136 i can't do anything right now for you like i'm in college you're going to ruin my life you're going TkMg5LcBNpU-00231-00145136-00146016 to ruin my life i felt horrible i didn't want to ruin his life i was so marked by like the TkMg5LcBNpU-00232-00146016-00146880 words that everyone said to me and so i remember i remember we were in a car outside of chipotle TkMg5LcBNpU-00233-00146944-00147608 and you know what we were having that conversation after he told me that he was like you're gonna TkMg5LcBNpU-00234-00147608-00148176 ruin my life and if you have this baby i'm never gonna have a chance with my ex again TkMg5LcBNpU-00235-00148280-00149104 i was like wow okay and he was like i don't want you to have this baby and i was like but i do TkMg5LcBNpU-00236-00149272-00149984 and he was like i don't we need to figure this out and i was like okay TkMg5LcBNpU-00237-00150152-00150736 so some time just went by and maybe like a week you know he still hadn't changed his mind and he TkMg5LcBNpU-00238-00150736-00151328 was just telling me like don't be selfish don't be selfish like i don't want this child you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00239-00151328-00151912 you don't want this child like i won't be able to be with again like please like please like think TkMg5LcBNpU-00240-00151912-00152688 about me think about us and i was like okay i was like that's fine i went to an abortion clinic TkMg5LcBNpU-00241-00152752-00153592 and this time like i can remember it so clearly i remember just laying down i don't know if they TkMg5LcBNpU-00242-00153592-00154200 were nurses but the ladies that were with me just looking at me and i was crying and they were like TkMg5LcBNpU-00243-00154200-00154784 calm down like calm down you know please like you need to calm down i was like i don't want to do TkMg5LcBNpU-00244-00154784-00155264 this and they're like are you sure like what is it that you want like are you okay and i was like TkMg5LcBNpU-00245-00155264-00155768 i was just crying and i was crying and they were like it's gonna be quick you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00246-00156016-00156088 i was like okay TkMg5LcBNpU-00247-00156608-00157456 so i had the abortion and i was broken i was crying and crying and when he saw me he started TkMg5LcBNpU-00248-00157456-00158536 to cry and he said i'm sorry and i was like what i remember that that same week he decided to go TkMg5LcBNpU-00249-00158536-00159200 to a party and i saw that he was with someone else and i freaked out you know i was like how can you TkMg5LcBNpU-00250-00159200-00159848 do this after you you just had an abortion like you're crazy like i was like i need you you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00251-00159848-00160512 like i'm going through stuff and i was going through stuff that week i was going through it TkMg5LcBNpU-00252-00160640-00161096 i couldn't believe that i had done it again i couldn't believe that i allowed it i was so TkMg5LcBNpU-00253-00161176-00161568 angry with myself and i remember that saturday night TkMg5LcBNpU-00254-00161712-00162288 i decided that like you know what like i want to kill myself i don't deserve to be alive TkMg5LcBNpU-00255-00162544-00163256 you know i was yelling i was i was yelling in the car to god and i was like just why TkMg5LcBNpU-00256-00163424-00164256 you know why god where are you if you're here like i need you right now like i need you like TkMg5LcBNpU-00257-00164256-00165144 please take this pain away and i remember hearing a voice that wasn't his and that would tell me you TkMg5LcBNpU-00258-00165144-00165864 you want the pain to be away you want the pain to be taken away kill yourself and you won't feel it TkMg5LcBNpU-00259-00165944-00166632 and so i remember that um i was talking to him i was texting him and i told him what i was gonna do TkMg5LcBNpU-00260-00166720-00167400 i took a you know like a bottle of just a bunch of advils like the whole bottle i swallowed it TkMg5LcBNpU-00261-00167400-00168208 all and he called he called the police i started driving and i don't know how but they found me TkMg5LcBNpU-00262-00168280-00169112 on in the street and they pulled me over the ambulance came i remember like i was sitting there TkMg5LcBNpU-00263-00169256-00169688 i was so like scared because i was in the street and everyone was watching and i was like TkMg5LcBNpU-00264-00169752-00170376 what's going on like what's gonna happen like my mom's gonna find out and um this young guy TkMg5LcBNpU-00265-00170488-00171096 like my age he told me that he was he was actually younger than me he opens the door TkMg5LcBNpU-00266-00171160-00171552 and he's like hey are you okay and i was like i'm okay TkMg5LcBNpU-00267-00171552-00171968 he was like okay i just need to check you right now i just need to make sure that you're okay TkMg5LcBNpU-00268-00172056-00172608 keep on talking to me and i was talking to him and i was like why why are you here like why TkMg5LcBNpU-00269-00172608-00173152 do you do this like you're so young he just told me like you know god told me to do this TkMg5LcBNpU-00270-00173440-00173784 god told me to to do this and i was just like TkMg5LcBNpU-00271-00173952-00174816 i just cried i just kept crying crying and crying crying and crying i was taken to the hospital you TkMg5LcBNpU-00272-00174816-00175432 know they took everything away from me because i was in danger to myself and danger to other people TkMg5LcBNpU-00273-00175536-00175952 and the only person that knew that i contacted was my aunt TkMg5LcBNpU-00274-00176072-00176736 again and so she came and then my mom ended up finding out and my mom was just destroyed TkMg5LcBNpU-00275-00176736-00177272 she's like what's going on you know what's happening she just started crying and crying and TkMg5LcBNpU-00276-00177344-00177840 she was i was like mom i don't want to talk to you like i was just trying to just isolate myself TkMg5LcBNpU-00277-00177840-00178720 from my mom too after that like i just focused on recovering you know i focused on myself how TkMg5LcBNpU-00278-00178720-00179584 were you in that when that uh when that happened i think i was probably um 20 20. at what age did TkMg5LcBNpU-00279-00179584-00180272 you come back into relationship with the lord i don't know maybe like 22 33 you're 25 now TkMg5LcBNpU-00280-00180272-00181016 yeah i'm gonna be 26. okay yeah like 21 years ago so yeah so so tell us about that what was TkMg5LcBNpU-00281-00181016-00181744 what was that like obviously now you've you've reached another low point in your life um and TkMg5LcBNpU-00282-00181744-00182288 and now you're focusing your eyes on okay let's let's get better how how did it go from there to TkMg5LcBNpU-00283-00182440-00183064 now you're encountering that guy that you encountered when you were 13. so i came to TkMg5LcBNpU-00284-00183064-00183584 king of the nations um i was invited by one of my friends from high school to just play soccer TkMg5LcBNpU-00285-00183648-00184264 with um the soccer team that they had and so i went out i liked it everyone was super nice and TkMg5LcBNpU-00286-00184264-00184864 then she invited me on a friday night and so i was just kind of hesitant you know because TkMg5LcBNpU-00287-00184864-00185392 i didn't like i said i didn't want anything to do with god you know i would keep him at a distance TkMg5LcBNpU-00288-00185392-00185928 even though i would still write to him i would still pray i would still do things like that but TkMg5LcBNpU-00289-00185928-00186384 i didn't want to get too involved i didn't want to get too deep with him because i didn't want him TkMg5LcBNpU-00290-00186448-00186992 to see what was just hidden i didn't want him to see how damaged i was how ugly i was TkMg5LcBNpU-00291-00186992-00187872 because in reality i saw myself as ugly i saw myself like just really really ugly and so um TkMg5LcBNpU-00292-00187984-00188416 when she invited me i didn't come and then she invited me again TkMg5LcBNpU-00293-00188496-00188888 i was like okay i'm gonna come and it was another friday night and um TkMg5LcBNpU-00294-00189072-00189696 when i was here like it was it was good it was beautiful it was different um i didn't necessarily TkMg5LcBNpU-00295-00189696-00190336 like encounter the lord that night um but like i cried in his presence you know i felt just TkMg5LcBNpU-00296-00190400-00190912 like crying and crying and i heard the message and then and then i left when she invited me again and TkMg5LcBNpU-00297-00190912-00191608 i was like okay i want to go again like yes i'm going to be there and so i came i would just cry TkMg5LcBNpU-00298-00191608-00192192 in the presence of the lord but nothing nothing else really and so i kept on coming you know it TkMg5LcBNpU-00299-00192192-00192672 became more of like i i want to make the choice to come you know it wasn't really because like i TkMg5LcBNpU-00300-00192672-00193168 had an encounter now i'm just gonna start coming it was just it was really gradual you know like TkMg5LcBNpU-00301-00193288-00193704 i would cry i would you know enjoy it i would talk to people okay i'm gonna come again and TkMg5LcBNpU-00302-00193704-00194344 then i came again and again just little by little the lord he was always there you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00303-00194344-00195192 um but i started seeing him more i started recognizing him and i was afraid but that fear TkMg5LcBNpU-00304-00195192-00195816 started to just fall off little by little you know i wasn't afraid of him anymore TkMg5LcBNpU-00305-00195896-00196552 and i remember one time i asked for prayer when i asked for prayer you know this person TkMg5LcBNpU-00306-00196552-00197096 didn't know my personal stuff i didn't know any of that um and as they were praying for me TkMg5LcBNpU-00307-00197216-00197912 they had mentioned you know the abortions and i just knew it was the lord you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00308-00198000-00198472 and i started i started coming back here at king of the nations i started TkMg5LcBNpU-00309-00198472-00199248 to just fall in love with jesus you know but it took a really long time it still is a process TkMg5LcBNpU-00310-00199248-00199968 but i was really broken i was really ashamed there was a lot of self-condemnation more than anything TkMg5LcBNpU-00311-00200096-00200400 people said things to me all the time that you're unworthy TkMg5LcBNpU-00312-00200400-00200792 that you're this and that you're that but i would say those things to myself TkMg5LcBNpU-00313-00200888-00201368 all the time you know i started having encounters with the lord with the holy spirit TkMg5LcBNpU-00314-00201432-00202168 prophetic words started to happen prophetic dreams all of these things started to happen in my life TkMg5LcBNpU-00315-00202168-00203000 but honestly the most important part of it all was just like i met jesus again he just he took me in TkMg5LcBNpU-00316-00203088-00203608 and i knew that it was him because in this place when i was here with these people TkMg5LcBNpU-00317-00203720-00204256 they showed me the love of jesus i told them things that i did i told them the things that TkMg5LcBNpU-00318-00204256-00204912 i'm telling you and they did not turn their back on me they didn't reject me and i knew that that TkMg5LcBNpU-00319-00204912-00205512 that was just god's heart listening to me that was the beginning that was the very beginning of it TkMg5LcBNpU-00320-00205512-00206080 it was it was something just so gradual something so sweet it took a lot because i would resist TkMg5LcBNpU-00321-00206080-00206704 sometimes i would still go back to partying and drinking that was a huge part of my life but TkMg5LcBNpU-00322-00206767-00207152 as i would receive prayer i was being delivered from things TkMg5LcBNpU-00323-00207256-00208023 i had never like since i started coming to this church i have not seen pornography i have not TkMg5LcBNpU-00324-00208023-00208544 masturbated at all like the lord set me free here in this in this place like he set me free TkMg5LcBNpU-00325-00208544-00209376 from that he healed my sexual brokenness like he healed like i felt i saw myself in such a bad way TkMg5LcBNpU-00326-00209432-00210136 like you have no idea how i saw myself like can you imagine like a woman like a young girl with TkMg5LcBNpU-00327-00210136-00210776 two abortions who was sleeping around and smoking i was disgusted by myself TkMg5LcBNpU-00328-00210936-00211736 it took a long time to say hey i forgive you i had to forgive myself i forgave you know the other TkMg5LcBNpU-00329-00211736-00212519 people i forgave my dad i forgave you know my first boyfriend my second one the third one that i TkMg5LcBNpU-00330-00212519-00213056 i forgave them all but i i could not forgive myself i couldn't it was really hard TkMg5LcBNpU-00331-00213288-00214032 now angie you you are married yes you did get married yeah uh two two one year ago two years TkMg5LcBNpU-00332-00214032-00214536 two years ago two years ago you got married to daniel which is which is a friend can you tell TkMg5LcBNpU-00333-00214536-00215040 us about that you you you've met him here at no well you didn't mean him you didn't meet him here TkMg5LcBNpU-00334-00215040-00215592 you meet him outside of the church can you just tell us about that situation how did it come about TkMg5LcBNpU-00335-00215592-00216280 yeah um and what you guys had to go to to get to getting married sure so uh just a little bit TkMg5LcBNpU-00336-00216280-00217176 of back story um i met him in 2018 and in 2017 was when i began to begin um coming to church here and TkMg5LcBNpU-00337-00217176-00217752 this is this is really important it's part of it because i remember that um i had a dream i had a TkMg5LcBNpU-00338-00217752-00218456 dream of a box and in the box um it was katie she was giving me this box and when i opened the box TkMg5LcBNpU-00339-00218512-00219184 it said daniel 3 and daniel 3 and daniel 4 and so i just i started reading it i remember when TkMg5LcBNpU-00340-00219184-00219600 i read it like i woke up and i didn't remember i was in the bathroom i was brushing my teeth TkMg5LcBNpU-00341-00219600-00220176 and i was like oh my gosh like i just i had a dream i had a bible verse i gotta read it right TkMg5LcBNpU-00342-00220232-00220808 and so i started reading it and um i started crying i was just crying and i was like i TkMg5LcBNpU-00343-00220808-00221384 don't know what this means or why but i was just crying it was really funny because i remember like TkMg5LcBNpU-00344-00221504-00222016 you know what i remember why i i read it and what it meant in that moment but i remember TkMg5LcBNpU-00345-00222016-00222408 as i kept on praying about it and praying about it like the lord shared with me um TkMg5LcBNpU-00346-00222512-00223392 how i was going to be with someone named named daniel and i was really confused because the TkMg5LcBNpU-00347-00223392-00223992 person that i was with and that i had an abortion with his name was daniel and then i remember that TkMg5LcBNpU-00348-00223992-00224640 afterwards i was with someone who was also named daniel so i was really confused but the TkMg5LcBNpU-00349-00224640-00225336 the name daniel had a huge significance in my life and in 2018 i was working at apple at the time and TkMg5LcBNpU-00350-00225408-00225832 he came in had to get his phone fixed and that's how we met i remember that i invited TkMg5LcBNpU-00351-00225832-00226488 him to church and so he came out to church but right after church we decided that we wanted to TkMg5LcBNpU-00352-00226488-00227160 go out dancing with my cousin and so we went out dancing while we were there we were dancing and TkMg5LcBNpU-00353-00227296-00227656 immediately like not knowing this person after just meeting them TkMg5LcBNpU-00354-00227728-00228416 you know during one appointment i kissed this person and i was i was really like um TkMg5LcBNpU-00355-00228416-00228919 i was struggling with that because i had felt the lord earlier that year share with me that TkMg5LcBNpU-00356-00228976-00229440 i had to literally like surrender and walk away from this lifestyle or was gonna stay with me TkMg5LcBNpU-00357-00229440-00230032 for the rest of my life when he told me that i i did it i was like okay every person that ever TkMg5LcBNpU-00358-00230032-00230480 not every person i was talking to but person i was talking to at the time like it wasn't a TkMg5LcBNpU-00359-00230480-00231048 good relationship for me i knew where it was leading i i i had to cut it off you know um TkMg5LcBNpU-00360-00231128-00231680 i just i stayed just like okay lord like please help me surrender this to you like i didn't want TkMg5LcBNpU-00361-00231680-00232352 it and when i met him um and that happened i was like this isn't from the lord this isn't god but TkMg5LcBNpU-00362-00232423-00233008 i was my flesh my flesh i really wanted to to be with him there was something about him that TkMg5LcBNpU-00363-00233008-00233576 i liked i remember when i met him and he came to church and we started talking i was really afraid TkMg5LcBNpU-00364-00233576-00234064 because i was like are you how how are you gonna feel here you know i don't know if like you're TkMg5LcBNpU-00365-00234064-00234423 a christian or if you're catholic you're probably catholic right you know because he's TkMg5LcBNpU-00366-00234423-00234919 latino and everything and he was like no like i'm i'm christian actually and i was like TkMg5LcBNpU-00367-00234919-00235384 okay so we went out dancing and everything we had our first kiss we kept on talking TkMg5LcBNpU-00368-00235456-00235904 and then i came to find out that like no i was raped he told me i was raised in a TkMg5LcBNpU-00369-00235904-00236223 in a christian family in a christian church all of my life TkMg5LcBNpU-00370-00236280-00236736 i was really surprised because i was like you know if you're like like if you were raised in TkMg5LcBNpU-00371-00236736-00237312 a christian church like why are you partying right i was like that's what i'm thinking over here and TkMg5LcBNpU-00372-00237312-00237944 after that we just we kept on talking we kept on hanging out and one thing led to another TkMg5LcBNpU-00373-00237944-00238800 we got very sexual very quick it was within probably like two weeks or so and i had felt TkMg5LcBNpU-00374-00239000-00240000 oh i was really upset with myself again i remember i would cry in the bed after having sex and he's TkMg5LcBNpU-00375-00240000-00240592 there and i would be weeping on the floor i need to be like oh what's wrong like it's okay like TkMg5LcBNpU-00376-00240592-00241136 we won't do it again like let's pray about this like you know things like that i would be weeping TkMg5LcBNpU-00377-00241256-00241800 you know i didn't really understand that um he had his own issues too TkMg5LcBNpU-00378-00241904-00242423 you know and i had my own and we both brought them together and it was like those issues TkMg5LcBNpU-00379-00242528-00243160 kind of like became one and it you know it became stronger you know we became more TkMg5LcBNpU-00380-00243160-00243880 and more sexually active and um his parents you know found out and his parents did not TkMg5LcBNpU-00381-00243880-00244384 you know approve of that they were not okay with that um we started going to church together TkMg5LcBNpU-00382-00244384-00244888 you know where his parents went and we started sharing our struggles you know because we knew TkMg5LcBNpU-00383-00244888-00245519 that hey i want i want something different you want something different too but we stayed in TkMg5LcBNpU-00384-00245519-00246367 sin you know we stayed having sex we just kept it a secret we tried to pretend to be another couple TkMg5LcBNpU-00385-00246367-00247032 in the church and then outside of church we would live a different lifestyle it became very toxic TkMg5LcBNpU-00386-00247032-00247767 and really quickly and i knew that man this is probably not the best decision for me right now TkMg5LcBNpU-00387-00247840-00248552 we just kept on having sex for like a while every time we had it just tears tears and tears it was TkMg5LcBNpU-00388-00248616-00249216 it was really heavy at some points he would even cry too after that like you know we would we would TkMg5LcBNpU-00389-00249216-00249712 always like pray about it you know it was kind of confusing because we would want something but TkMg5LcBNpU-00390-00249712-00250056 then we would do something else and then we would pray for something else but then we would still TkMg5LcBNpU-00391-00250056-00250584 end up doing something else so it didn't really make much sense to us you know we felt really TkMg5LcBNpU-00392-00250584-00251040 like you know there's no way out and if it's not going to be easy we're not going to do it anymore TkMg5LcBNpU-00393-00251040-00251696 like forget about it like let's just do what we want to do and during our relationship um there TkMg5LcBNpU-00394-00251696-00252271 were a couple of times where like i had felt very like very insecure you know because of the things TkMg5LcBNpU-00395-00252271-00252808 that he had gone through because of things that were happening insecurity just came creeping in TkMg5LcBNpU-00396-00252912-00253344 like so deep i remember that at that point once i started feeling the insecurity i TkMg5LcBNpU-00397-00253344-00253856 was like i can't do this anymore i can't i cannot do this anymore we we break up or we TkMg5LcBNpU-00398-00253984-00254528 we find we find help right because we knew what we wanted you know i told him i don't want to just TkMg5LcBNpU-00399-00254528-00255144 date anyone anymore i want to get married and i want to do things right and he wanted to do things TkMg5LcBNpU-00400-00255144-00255592 right too he wanted to mostly do things right for me because he wanted to be with me but i was like TkMg5LcBNpU-00401-00255592-00256128 i want to do things right and so i remember we had a conversation with um two pastors in TkMg5LcBNpU-00402-00256128-00256600 colombia like through zoom and there are pastors that he used to walk with when he was there TkMg5LcBNpU-00403-00256656-00257271 they pretty much told us like if you guys are just gonna keep doing this like break up you know like TkMg5LcBNpU-00404-00257271-00257767 what you guys are doing like before the lord is like it's not acceptable like they were just TkMg5LcBNpU-00405-00257767-00258544 really like straight up with us uh we were both like whoa like this is this is it this is crazy TkMg5LcBNpU-00406-00258544-00259128 i remember you know during that time like it was around that time like there were some things that TkMg5LcBNpU-00407-00259128-00259696 were happening between us and i like broke up with him and i was crying and i was praying to TkMg5LcBNpU-00408-00259696-00260136 the lord i was asking him for direction because i was like god you know like i'm seeing all of these TkMg5LcBNpU-00409-00260136-00260536 like red signs like warning signs that this person is not the person i should TkMg5LcBNpU-00410-00260536-00261192 be with and the lord i remember like he the lord would speak to me he would be like go TkMg5LcBNpU-00411-00261192-00261784 go back and forgive him go back and forgive him he would just that's what i would hear from the TkMg5LcBNpU-00412-00261784-00262416 lord go back and i was just like no god like why would you want me to go back to a place that TkMg5LcBNpU-00413-00262472-00263000 you see like we are struggling you know you see that i'm hurt it doesn't make sense to me TkMg5LcBNpU-00414-00263176-00263592 um but i was i was angry with him and so the lord would tell me like go back TkMg5LcBNpU-00415-00263592-00264304 and forgive and so i remember after that nice i went back and i told him that i forgave him TkMg5LcBNpU-00416-00264376-00265000 so after that and the conversation that we had with the pastors we made a decision we were TkMg5LcBNpU-00417-00265000-00265424 like we don't want we don't want to keep doing this anymore we're not going to have sex anymore TkMg5LcBNpU-00418-00265496-00265912 and that was it it was it was literally like just like that from that moment forward until TkMg5LcBNpU-00419-00265968-00266392 the day that we got married we did not have sex anymore and um the holy spirit was very TkMg5LcBNpU-00420-00266392-00267040 like specific with things that i had to do and we wouldn't like hang out past certain hours TkMg5LcBNpU-00421-00267040-00267744 or i would not have him touch me you know any lower than a specific spot um we wouldn't kiss TkMg5LcBNpU-00422-00267744-00268312 longer than two seconds no making out like there it was very specific and i knew that i had to do TkMg5LcBNpU-00423-00268312-00268752 that and the holy because the holy spirit told me to but it wasn't just that he told me to like TkMg5LcBNpU-00424-00268816-00269216 he gave me the grace to do it because i wasn't gonna i wasn't able to do it TkMg5LcBNpU-00425-00269216-00269976 by myself i like i wanted to be with him i knew i wanted to be with him so from that moment TkMg5LcBNpU-00426-00270040-00270784 until we got married it was like a year and a half or so and we completely just we completely like TkMg5LcBNpU-00427-00270784-00271336 walked and just like restoring like ourselves you know our sexual brokenness because he came with TkMg5LcBNpU-00428-00271336-00272016 his own i came with my own and it was really the holy spirit that helped us you know it was really TkMg5LcBNpU-00429-00272016-00272592 god like we weren't walking with anyone else so how could we have done it ourselves it wasn't us TkMg5LcBNpU-00430-00272656-00273040 it just it wasn't it was him it was something in my life it was a way that TkMg5LcBNpU-00431-00273040-00273400 i had never felt the holy spirit before the way that like he carried us through TkMg5LcBNpU-00432-00273400-00273792 like with grace i would fight with god all the time i would be so angry TkMg5LcBNpU-00433-00273864-00274632 but his hand like his he just never left us you know what i mean like he was always there with us TkMg5LcBNpU-00434-00274632-00275160 it was it was hard like i had to not just stop having sex with this person that i wanted to TkMg5LcBNpU-00435-00275160-00275824 get married with and i already had sex with but all the guilt that came in again i had to TkMg5LcBNpU-00436-00275888-00276504 go through a process of just surrendering that to the lord healing my heart and it was really hard TkMg5LcBNpU-00437-00276584-00277480 like i was i was stuck in unforgiveness for many years until probably before we got engaged i was i TkMg5LcBNpU-00438-00277480-00277920 just could not forgive myself i could not forgive myself for all of the mistakes that i made because TkMg5LcBNpU-00439-00277976-00278664 it wasn't just one mistake but there were repeated mistakes they were the same mistakes and i was TkMg5LcBNpU-00440-00278664-00279344 like i should have learned from that you know that happened twice that happened five times but i i TkMg5LcBNpU-00441-00279344-00280192 would go back so i i carried that for a long time very briefly talk to us about about that process TkMg5LcBNpU-00442-00280192-00280816 of forgiveness um and to the specific areas that you wanted forgiveness and you know obviously we TkMg5LcBNpU-00443-00280816-00281400 know about about the sexual trauma and and you know what that led to as far as addiction to TkMg5LcBNpU-00444-00281400-00282200 pornography and masturbation the the the the um the abortions how how was he able to take you TkMg5LcBNpU-00445-00282272-00283032 through that healing part like what did he do for you to be able to forgive yourself from that past TkMg5LcBNpU-00446-00283032-00283640 the holy spirit like he loved me through every single moment i remember like um there it would TkMg5LcBNpU-00447-00283640-00284384 be really personal moments you know with god in my room just crying i remember like the holy spirit TkMg5LcBNpU-00448-00284464-00285168 would just bring peace he would bring peace and something that stayed with me from the moment that TkMg5LcBNpU-00449-00285168-00285768 i started coming back to church again until until now it always does like the holy spirit always TkMg5LcBNpU-00450-00285768-00286328 reminds me that like i want to exchange everything that you have give it all to me i want to give you TkMg5LcBNpU-00451-00286328-00287168 peace i want to give you life i want to give you freedom i want i want you i want you angie TkMg5LcBNpU-00452-00287168-00288016 to allow yourself to be loved by me that's something that he would he would just tell me like TkMg5LcBNpU-00453-00288016-00288528 all the time whether it be something that i would read whether it be through someone that spoke TkMg5LcBNpU-00454-00288528-00289136 to me but the holy spirit was always reminding me that my purpose was just to be loved by him TkMg5LcBNpU-00455-00289256-00290032 that was it that was my purpose to having an intimate relationship with him to knowing him you TkMg5LcBNpU-00456-00290032-00290648 know it took a lot of like time like i partnered up with people i walked with people and like and TkMg5LcBNpU-00457-00290648-00291480 just um and in healing my heart because i was really damaged and i'm thankful because god um TkMg5LcBNpU-00458-00291608-00292088 he just met me with such gentleness and love and something that like i felt like he did was TkMg5LcBNpU-00459-00292088-00292720 just like every time that i think about the things that have happened or i look back to see you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00460-00292720-00293352 how far the lord has taken me like yeah like i'll cry or things like that but the lord has healed my TkMg5LcBNpU-00461-00293352-00294024 heart where like i don't feel resentment anymore i don't feel resentment towards the people that TkMg5LcBNpU-00462-00294024-00294696 hurt me i don't feel resentment towards myself i don't feel resentment towards god like i TkMg5LcBNpU-00463-00294696-00295376 i feel i feel free you know and it's crazy because like the lord shared with me how everything you TkMg5LcBNpU-00464-00295376-00296000 know everything that i went through he was going to turn it around and use it for good and he has TkMg5LcBNpU-00465-00296088-00296792 i've seen it in my life he is so faithful we're so lucky to know him to love him TkMg5LcBNpU-00466-00296936-00297736 g who is jesus to you jesus to me is my best friend i don't want to say this but he's my homie TkMg5LcBNpU-00467-00297800-00298384 he is someone that i can run to with everything he never turns his back on me TkMg5LcBNpU-00468-00298448-00299096 he's never left me he's someone that is so faithful and loyal he's honestly just he's TkMg5LcBNpU-00469-00299096-00299760 my best friend and he's my father he's my rock he's he's my man you know he has taken TkMg5LcBNpU-00470-00299760-00300424 me through everything and i know he'll continue to do so i love him you know and he loves me and TkMg5LcBNpU-00471-00300488-00300984 it's a privilege to just be here with him you know every day to spend every day of my life TkMg5LcBNpU-00472-00300984-00301672 with him that's who jesus says to me for women who are are watching your testimony right now TkMg5LcBNpU-00473-00301752-00302264 who have gone through abortions we know this is something that's that's very TkMg5LcBNpU-00474-00302408-00303024 very much in our culture right now you know it's a conversation that that is constantly happening TkMg5LcBNpU-00475-00303120-00303784 um and a lot of us even as men we don't we don't understand sometimes right of of how and how much TkMg5LcBNpU-00476-00303784-00304488 it impacts women right um and obviously you experienced that with a man who didn't have an TkMg5LcBNpU-00477-00304488-00305048 understanding of how much this was going to impact you and so i i just want you to take a quick TkMg5LcBNpU-00478-00305048-00305904 moment to speak to one women who have gone through that and now you being on the other side and being TkMg5LcBNpU-00479-00305904-00306488 able to forgive yourself and being able to um walk with the lord i want you to speak to them TkMg5LcBNpU-00480-00306608-00307216 and then i want you to also speak to uh the men that may be in that similar position TkMg5LcBNpU-00481-00307344-00308184 what can you say to them to anyone who has been through it anyone who is contemplating it um TkMg5LcBNpU-00482-00308352-00309056 i want you to know that that all of the worry all of the anxiety TkMg5LcBNpU-00483-00309056-00309720 all of the uncertainty like it's okay it's not just okay but that you're gonna be okay TkMg5LcBNpU-00484-00309856-00310704 you're gonna be okay you know what's hidden can't be healed and so it's important that TkMg5LcBNpU-00485-00310776-00311600 um it's not just about an abortion it's about everything before that too and it's important TkMg5LcBNpU-00486-00311600-00312264 to seek community it's important to have someone that will speak life into you and TkMg5LcBNpU-00487-00312360-00312928 i want people to know that like you're not alone and it and it's really really scary it's really TkMg5LcBNpU-00488-00312928-00313552 scary but the holy spirit is with you like don't ever doubt it you don't have to feel him to know TkMg5LcBNpU-00489-00313552-00314224 that he is faithful and that he is with you if you've already done it if you've already had an TkMg5LcBNpU-00490-00314224-00314888 abortion just like i have i want people to know that we're not the first and we're not the last TkMg5LcBNpU-00491-00314984-00315752 and it's hard it's really hard you don't have to carry with that shame and go it's not yours TkMg5LcBNpU-00492-00315984-00316032 it's not TkMg5LcBNpU-00493-00316440-00317368 there is freedom god wants to restore you god wants to love you he wants to love you so well TkMg5LcBNpU-00494-00317424-00318032 into just restoring you and bringing you into this place of of just freedom because there is freedom TkMg5LcBNpU-00495-00318160-00318952 it's it's it's hard to believe that after we made such a terrible decision that we can be loved but TkMg5LcBNpU-00496-00318952-00319664 that is who that is god god is love and that's that's who he is we aren't loved by the things TkMg5LcBNpU-00497-00319664-00320400 that we do he it's it's in his nature to love us you know and he and he loves you never doubt it TkMg5LcBNpU-00498-00320504-00321080 you you can go living life you know but never doubt that god loves you you know and he's there TkMg5LcBNpU-00499-00321080-00321528 to just receive you whenever you're ready whenever you're ready to speak whenever you're ready TkMg5LcBNpU-00500-00321528-00322360 to whenever you're just ready like he's there for you to the men um it's a very like TkMg5LcBNpU-00501-00322528-00323128 difficult thing that like a woman has to go through but it's just as difficult for men i TkMg5LcBNpU-00502-00323128-00323792 saw the just the impact that it had on the person that i had the second abortion with and it opened TkMg5LcBNpU-00503-00323792-00324432 up my eyes to understanding that like men may not necessarily talk about things a lot or express TkMg5LcBNpU-00504-00324432-00325136 you know emotions but if you're hurt it's okay and jesus loves you and he's gonna heal you but TkMg5LcBNpU-00505-00325240-00325584 it's important to not ignore like what what you're feeling you know TkMg5LcBNpU-00506-00325680-00326360 it's important because um it can sit there it'll sit there and sit there and and it'll it'll open TkMg5LcBNpU-00507-00326360-00326952 up the door to a lot of like self-condemnation you know um just because maybe you're not the one TkMg5LcBNpU-00508-00327056-00327816 sitting there or going through it um doesn't mean that you're not feeling it my only advice for men TkMg5LcBNpU-00509-00327816-00328472 is just to um just hear out the other person the person that that is pregnant you know just TkMg5LcBNpU-00510-00328472-00328920 listen to them first you know you may feel a certain way you may have a certain opinion TkMg5LcBNpU-00511-00328976-00329704 um but to to listen to them too and to speak it's important to speak don't hold it in TkMg5LcBNpU-00512-00329928-00330280 i think that's it angie any last words for TkMg5LcBNpU-00513-00330352-00330840 people watching your testimony in this moment you may feel unworthy of being loved TkMg5LcBNpU-00514-00331048-00332168 just like i did but man god loves you god loves you so much so so much TnTgP48rDx8-00000-00000498-00000718 Hello. My name is Alexander TnTgP48rDx8-00001-00000748-00000948 I am nineteen. I am from Donetsk, Ukraine. TnTgP48rDx8-00002-00000990-00001152 I work as Lead generation manager, TnTgP48rDx8-00003-00001192-00001568 I work with Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint), TnTgP48rDx8-00004-00001616-00002090 Google Services (Sheets, Drive, Calendar and other). TnTgP48rDx8-00005-00002142-00002380 In difficult situations I prefer to make a plan TnTgP48rDx8-00006-00002380-00002768 that will help me find the right way out of the situation. TnTgP48rDx8-00007-00002812-00003060 I prefer to work in team because you can discuss TnTgP48rDx8-00008-00003060-00003236 your task with your teammates. TnTgP48rDx8-00009-00003278-00003478 Only together you can find the best variant. TnTgP48rDx8-00010-00003608-00003808 What about my personal qualities TnTgP48rDx8-00011-00003808-00004110 I am hardworking, have a good stress resistance, TnTgP48rDx8-00012-00004110-00004310 reliable, and communicative UoO53yPH1mg-00002-00000723-00000875 Hello, My name is Lkhagvasuren. UoO53yPH1mg-00003-00001010-00001281 I am supervisor of Component rebuild center. UoO53yPH1mg-00004-00001281-00001403 Today I am going to tell you about disassembly section. UoO53yPH1mg-00005-00001619-00001766 In our disassembly section, UoO53yPH1mg-00006-00001812-00001955 we have 15 tonne overhead crane. UoO53yPH1mg-00007-00002009-00002187 5 semi gantry 2 tonne crane. UoO53yPH1mg-00008-00002230-00002392 2 units of steam washer UoO53yPH1mg-00009-00002541-00002833 Also, 1 unit of Magnaflux inspection equipment designed to find defects like fatigue cracks. UoO53yPH1mg-00010-00002921-00003074 200 tonne UoO53yPH1mg-00011-00003114-00003705 hydraulic press equipment. We are operating with the following machines in our CRC. UoO53yPH1mg-00012-00003705-00004025 We have 10 bays, each workplace equipped by UoO53yPH1mg-00013-00004029-00004264 impeccably trained technicians, UoO53yPH1mg-00014-00004300-00004399 desktop and UoO53yPH1mg-00015-00004399-00004517 air supplies for air tools UoO53yPH1mg-00017-00004874-00005100 When we receive cleaned parts UoO53yPH1mg-00018-00005148-00005438 and components in our disassembly line UoO53yPH1mg-00019-00005462-00005754 we disassemble according to the work sheet UoO53yPH1mg-00020-00005816-00005916 first, we clean the components UoO53yPH1mg-00021-00005981-00006081 and then we measure it UoO53yPH1mg-00022-00006112-00006212 and then inspect it UoO53yPH1mg-00023-00006350-00006683 we create part order list UoO53yPH1mg-00024-00006752-00006852 and finally, send it to basket area. U3fXFMtKwsc-00000-00000000-00000200 Different ways of sorting in Google sheet U6vUfuzLOv4-00000-00000198-00000458 Is there any way here? U6vUfuzLOv4-00001-00001134-00001256 Oh... U6vUfuzLOv4-00002-00001318-00001623 Slippery U6vUfuzLOv4-00003-00002007-00002208 30 Minutes later U6vUfuzLOv4-00005-00002458-00002622 Great U6vUfuzLOv4-00008-00004050-00004546 This is the first time for to me ride at the mountain. Actually, I did not expect any problem becuase I am young U6vUfuzLOv4-00009-00004552-00004666 However, when I came up U6vUfuzLOv4-00010-00004698-00005029 I really wanted to go home U6vUfuzLOv4-00012-00005208-00005308 It was like marching in the army service U6vUfuzLOv4-00013-00005408-00005832 Everything is so nice. Also very good to ride together U6vUfuzLOv4-00019-00008624-00009220 Good job. It was not easy one for you. U6vUfuzLOv4-00022-00009524-00009832 I was so scared. U6vUfuzLOv4-00035-00013168-00013760 I had to stop before big drop U6vUfuzLOv4-00037-00013880-00014332 Are you gonna rush here? Oh I have to walk for safety U6vUfuzLOv4-00038-00014424-00014756 Oh I stopped to watch your riding U6vUfuzLOv4-00040-00014976-00015272 What is this? U6vUfuzLOv4-00041-00015272-00015372 Place to stop U6vUfuzLOv4-00043-00015604-00015760 Anybody to ride here? U6vUfuzLOv4-00044-00015760-00015960 Sorry bro not to ride here U6vUfuzLOv4-00069-00029588-00029827 You have a good skill. U6vUfuzLOv4-00070-00029852-00030248 I followed but it was so scary. U6GRMjn2S9M-00000-00000000-00000200 Osborn Island inlet to Great Bay U6GRMjn2S9M-00001-00003075-00003275 Long Beach Island, New Jersey, U6GRMjn2S9M-00002-00003587-00003787 Viking Yachts parked at Golden Nugget Atlantic City, New Jersey U6GRMjn2S9M-00003-00004483-00004683 Graveling Point Beach Little Egg Harbor, NJ U6H2ISb9_6M-00000-00000190-00000494 So Mike, when I came to Vancouver seven years ago, U6H2ISb9_6M-00001-00000494-00000886 I was so surprised that there's a lot of staffing agencies U6H2ISb9_6M-00002-00000886-00001035 and there's a lot of contract jobs. U6H2ISb9_6M-00003-00001035-00001445 You know maternity leave, three months, six months, U6H2ISb9_6M-00004-00001445-00001730 so why there's a lot of contract jobs and U6H2ISb9_6M-00005-00001730-00002156 what's the benefit for people getting those jobs? U6H2ISb9_6M-00006-00002156-00002606 You're right, there is a tremendous opportunities for U6H2ISb9_6M-00007-00002606-00002996 contract roles and there's benefits to both businesses U6H2ISb9_6M-00008-00002996-00003183 and candidates alike. U6H2ISb9_6M-00009-00003183-00003412 I'll start on the clients side. U6H2ISb9_6M-00010-00003412-00003839 Businesses utilize the contract opportunities, U6H2ISb9_6M-00011-00003839-00004090 which is a great way to test the skill sets U6H2ISb9_6M-00012-00004090-00004279 of an individual. U6H2ISb9_6M-00013-00004279-00004502 Not necessarily whether they're going to be a good fit U6H2ISb9_6M-00014-00004502-00004836 for the organization, and only at that point that they see U6H2ISb9_6M-00015-00004836-00005224 that there's a fit they are able to be in a position to U6H2ISb9_6M-00016-00005224-00005553 offer a full time permanent position. U6H2ISb9_6M-00017-00005553-00005803 Something that you mentioned or alluded to is that U6H2ISb9_6M-00018-00005803-00006021 parental leaves, medical leaves, U6H2ISb9_6M-00019-00006021-00006521 leaves that have a certain time of requirement, U6H2ISb9_6M-00020-00006625-00006909 that's when they actually bring in a contractor and U6H2ISb9_6M-00021-00006909-00007179 part of the reason that they're doing that is, companies are U6H2ISb9_6M-00022-00007179-00007577 savvy to understand that, they want to be able to U6H2ISb9_6M-00023-00007577-00007700 ease the workload. U6H2ISb9_6M-00024-00007700-00008086 Retention is so critical nowadays and if you don't bring U6H2ISb9_6M-00025-00008086-00008367 the necessary or additional pair of hands, U6H2ISb9_6M-00026-00008367-00008638 staff just end up burning out. U6H2ISb9_6M-00027-00008638-00008853 So it's a great opportunity in that sense to U6H2ISb9_6M-00028-00008853-00009141 alleviate some of that pressure. U6H2ISb9_6M-00029-00009141-00009444 Now from a candidate perspective, contracts are U6H2ISb9_6M-00030-00009444-00009848 also a great opportunity, to increase skill sets. U6H2ISb9_6M-00031-00009848-00010124 It's also a good opportunity for somebody U6H2ISb9_6M-00032-00010124-00010534 to learn new systems in different industries. U6H2ISb9_6M-00033-00010534-00010964 Going back to what we discussed around loving what you do, U6H2ISb9_6M-00034-00010964-00011242 I think this is a great opportunity to figure out U6H2ISb9_6M-00035-00011242-00011385 something that you like. U6H2ISb9_6M-00036-00011385-00011786 For example, you might like something in your personal life, U6H2ISb9_6M-00037-00011786-00012090 whether it's sports but you may not love it when it comes U6H2ISb9_6M-00038-00012090-00012300 to your professional life. U6H2ISb9_6M-00039-00012300-00012698 Having that ability to take on shorter or mid-term type of U6H2ISb9_6M-00040-00012698-00012966 contracts allows you to really understand what U6H2ISb9_6M-00041-00012966-00013310 you're passionate about. U6H2ISb9_6M-00042-00013310-00013594 And I think the last point that I'd like to discuss is, U6H2ISb9_6M-00043-00013594-00014088 contracts are really a good opportunity for recent grads. U6H2ISb9_6M-00044-00014088-00014526 We recently did a survey for senior managers across Canada U6H2ISb9_6M-00045-00014629-00015129 and 76% of senior managers said, they would actually hire a U6H2ISb9_6M-00046-00015174-00015598 new grad, and which is really good news for our crop U6H2ISb9_6M-00047-00015598-00015894 of new grads that are coming out and graduating this year, U6H2ISb9_6M-00048-00015894-00016218 because it shows the robust and the strength of the economy. U6H2ISb9_6M-00049-00016218-00016464 It also shows that companies are getting a little more U6H2ISb9_6M-00050-00016464-00016924 flexible in terms of bringing on new blood so to speak. U6H2ISb9_6M-00051-00016924-00017374 And getting new perspective in terms of people that again U6H2ISb9_6M-00052-00017374-00017637 may not necessarily know that they're looking for a U6H2ISb9_6M-00053-00017637-00017893 permanent position but more on the contract side. U6H2ISb9_6M-00054-00017893-00018265 Yeah I totally agree, especially for the new grads U6H2ISb9_6M-00055-00018265-00018669 or the immigrants, temp jobs can gain some local experience, U6H2ISb9_6M-00056-00018669-00018970 some transferrable skills and they can use that on U6H2ISb9_6M-00057-00018970-00019244 their resume, that they have local experience, U6H2ISb9_6M-00058-00019244-00019463 which a lot of companies are looking for. U6H2ISb9_6M-00059-00019568-00019767 Thank you for those tips Mike. U6H2ISb9_6M-00060-00019767-00020025 And for the audience, if you have any other tips U6H2ISb9_6M-00061-00020025-00020414 in terms of the benefits of having a contract job, U6H2ISb9_6M-00062-00020414-00020606 please leave it in the comments section, U6H2ISb9_6M-00063-00020606-00020842 we would like to hear from you. U6H2ISb9_6M-00064-00020842-00021116 Like and share the video so that more people will U6H2ISb9_6M-00065-00021116-00021354 benefit from the tips that Mike gave. U6H2ISb9_6M-00066-00021354-00021614 And tune in tomorrow for another question with Mike. U7LnFZN1zSY-00000-00000168-00000688 i thought it might be nice if we talked about some tech news! would you like that? U7LnFZN1zSY-00001-00000927-00001424 this week arm unveiled a prototype for a plastic based flex. i can think U7LnFZN1zSY-00002-00001424-00001784 of few things in life more appealing than the idea of escaping the city, U7LnFZN1zSY-00003-00001784-00002264 moving to an incredible lifestyle block and building an amazing home to take advantage. U7LnFZN1zSY-00004-00002344-00002984 are we there yet? you said five minutes. let's just all start slowing down. U7LnFZN1zSY-00005-00003408-00003888 this one do you guys have a steam deck? no no. that's a gpd oh my god U7LnFZN1zSY-00006-00003888-00004440 well i guess without unity there is no peace, only bitterness and fury. those are the words U7LnFZN1zSY-00007-00004440-00004936 of joe biden who pledged to heal the nation. well the president might be quite disappointed… U7LnFZN1zSY-00008-00005032-00005784 she was unable to get up and she was in this huge dream. eyes were open and staring straight at me. U7LnFZN1zSY-00009-00005936-00006264 what's up you guys? it's matt here. so let's talk about the U7LnFZN1zSY-00010-00006264-00007184 price action for today for amc um you know we're sitting at about 37. U7LnFZN1zSY-00011-00007456-00008112 we're here. the griff challenge that we're going to unlock. one way or another. there's… i've got U7LnFZN1zSY-00012-00008112-00008712 an entire box of these minecraft backpack bodies. and of course i have to wear the minecraft glasses U7LnFZN1zSY-00013-00008712-00009232 that one of you sent to me. so basically, there's eight of these to collect. you can find steve, U7LnFZN1zSY-00014-00009232-00009808 alex a creepers. whether you want to admit it or not you're scared of something. and be it U7LnFZN1zSY-00015-00009808-00010288 spiders ghosts tight spaces or your crazy ex that won't stop sending you messages. U7LnFZN1zSY-00016-00010392-00010824 hello friends, it's me your favorite sick youtuber. coming at you with a cold. U7LnFZN1zSY-00017-00010920-00011640 police released the last known photo taken of little jj valo, and it may show the… it's not hard U7LnFZN1zSY-00018-00011640-00012480 yeah just go straight forward i'm leaving oh you're such an idiot how did you feel that today U7LnFZN1zSY-00019-00012480-00014184 we are back with some more torture parkour and gta 5. now crainer still has no idea what he's doing U7LnFZN1zSY-00020-00014296-00014704 i'll color it a bit over here i'm ready for college U7LnFZN1zSY-00021-00015032-00015768 hmm hello everyone hi sisters james charles here and welcome back to my youtube channel U7LnFZN1zSY-00022-00015768-00016272 so it is currently saturday july 17th at about firefighters braving crouching U7LnFZN1zSY-00023-00016272-00016896 flames in a desperate bid to save homes after the tamarack fire read separately and then on top of U7LnFZN1zSY-00024-00017000-00017400 give us this day our daily bread these days more than two and a half U7LnFZN1zSY-00025-00017560-00018480 it was horrifying i've never in my life felt like i was gonna die until that day this month U7LnFZN1zSY-00026-00018624-00019016 well you know i think everybody talking including my buddy jim this morning about U7LnFZN1zSY-00027-00019104-00019784 20 of the companies in the s p 500 have reported so far really good they're beating estimates by 18 U7LnFZN1zSY-00028-00020248-00020256 like U9LyAVEe4RE-00000-00004860-00005688 Joan Lippincott: Welcome to the CNI digital scholarship planning webinar series. And if you participated in previous sessions. Welcome back. U9LyAVEe4RE-00001-00005757-00006636 Joan Lippincott: I know many of you are working from home, and some of you are back on campus. I hope you're all doing well during this difficult time of the pandemic. U9LyAVEe4RE-00002-00006714-00007488 Joan Lippincott: I'm Joan Lippincott Associate Executive Director Emerita of CNI and I'm the moderator of this nine part series. U9LyAVEe4RE-00003-00007554-00008925 Joan Lippincott: If you've missed some webinars, who would like to rewatch or share the presentations. We have recordings available for the first eight sessions as well as a set of questions to guide planning discussions on your own campus. U9LyAVEe4RE-00004-00009036-00009765 Joan Lippincott: This is the ninth and final session of this webinar series and will follow a different format than the earlier sessions. U9LyAVEe4RE-00005-00009813-00010659 Joan Lippincott: We have a panel of three individuals and I'll be asking them a set of questions about successes of library based digital scholarship programs. U9LyAVEe4RE-00006-00010695-00011658 Joan Lippincott: roadblocks to success getting a seat at the institutional table and reflections on how digital scholarship programs might change after the pandemic. U9LyAVEe4RE-00007-00011754-00012384 Joan Lippincott: We'll take questions from participants at the end and then I'll present a short wrap up to the series. U9LyAVEe4RE-00008-00012474-00013581 Joan Lippincott: Please type your questions in the chat box at any time. In addition, after the former one hour session is over will open the mics in case some of you wish to verbally ask questions. U9LyAVEe4RE-00009-00013644-00014913 Joan Lippincott: The chat box is also available to communicate with each other or with me or our technical lead Beth Seacrest during the presentations and the panel all participants will be muted. U9LyAVEe4RE-00010-00015030-00016209 Joan Lippincott: And now I'd like to welcome our distinguished panelists Dan Cohen vice provost for information collaboration dean of the library and professor of history at Northeastern University. U9LyAVEe4RE-00011-00016257-00016881 Joan Lippincott: You may also know him from his work as Executive Director of the Digital Public Library of America or DPLA U9LyAVEe4RE-00012-00016938-00017589 Joan Lippincott: And his work as director of the ROI Rosenzweig Center for History and new media at George Mason University. U9LyAVEe4RE-00013-00017676-00018393 Joan Lippincott: Next, Tom Hickerson is the former Vice Provost for libraries and cultural resources at the University of Calgary. U9LyAVEe4RE-00014-00018423-00019218 Joan Lippincott: And before that, the Associate university librarian for information technologies and special collections at Cornell University Library U9LyAVEe4RE-00015-00019314-00019962 Joan Lippincott: Next, Patricia Hswe is the program officer for public knowledge at the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. U9LyAVEe4RE-00016-00020004-00020802 Joan Lippincott: Previously, she worked in the libraries at Penn State University where she co founded the Department of publishing and curation services. U9LyAVEe4RE-00017-00020835-00021801 Joan Lippincott: Now, the Department of research informatics and publishing and she was originally a Russian literature scholar more extensive biographies are on our website. U9LyAVEe4RE-00018-00021876-00023514 Joan Lippincott: So welcome to our panelists and I'm going to start with a question from your perspective, what have been the major successes of library based digital scholarship programs in recent years, and I'd like to start with you, Dan. Please go ahead. U9LyAVEe4RE-00019-00023625-00024417 Daniel Cohen: Thanks so much, Joan, and I first just want to thank you for organizing this series and for your continued leadership in terms of U9LyAVEe4RE-00020-00024465-00025044 Daniel Cohen: Disseminating best practices around digital scholarship. I think the entire community really appreciate all of your work. U9LyAVEe4RE-00021-00025110-00025476 Daniel Cohen: also great to be here with Patricia and Tom and I'm looking forward to this hour. U9LyAVEe4RE-00022-00025575-00026427 Daniel Cohen: So your question is a good one. I think about the the major successes and I think what I'd like to focus on and just my two minutes, or just U9LyAVEe4RE-00023-00026517-00027939 Daniel Cohen: A sort of larger point which is I think when we think about digital scholarship. We tend to think about projects or software initiatives, but I would really focus when we talk about success on some broader or meta issues and, namely that digital scholarship U9LyAVEe4RE-00024-00028056-00028926 Daniel Cohen: Programs. I think at their best success. I think have done this important role of connecting parts of the university. So for instance, U9LyAVEe4RE-00025-00028974-00029727 Daniel Cohen: Connecting faculty from different departments together say computer science and history or design and journalism. U9LyAVEe4RE-00026-00029793-00031032 Daniel Cohen: Or connecting those outside the library with critical departments within the libraries, such as the archives. And I also think within the library, they play this sort of connected role as well. U9LyAVEe4RE-00027-00031170-00032252 Daniel Cohen: You know, I think earlier on, maybe a decade or two go digital scholarship programs were distinct where we're sort of separate units. But I think the best digital scholarship U9LyAVEe4RE-00028-00032304-00033273 Daniel Cohen: Groups have actually joined elements within the library. In addition to this larger role in the university. So, facilitating, for instance, on the U9LyAVEe4RE-00029-00033339-00034443 Daniel Cohen: Transmission of digital digitize materials into teaching and learning programs within the library or allowing a metadata group that might have been working on the back end. U9LyAVEe4RE-00030-00034482-00035775 Daniel Cohen: Of the library with the front end research program within the library. So that's really what I would summarize is that at least in recent years, some of the key advances that digital scholarship programs have me U9LyAVEe4RE-00031-00035922-00036552 Joan Lippincott: Thank you, Dan. Really important points, Patricia. How about you, what, what is your perspective. U9LyAVEe4RE-00032-00036636-00037866 Patricia Hswe: Yeah well collaboration was going to be one of the things that I said was going to say, and I'm so glad that you that you started off with that done and and articulated that I think another U9LyAVEe4RE-00033-00037986-00038937 Patricia Hswe: Success of digital scholarship programs could be the roles, the different roles that have emerged in libraries as a result of investing in these kinds of activities. U9LyAVEe4RE-00034-00039015-00040359 Patricia Hswe: 10 years ago we didn't have digital scholarship librarians and we didn't have folks who were doing data services as part of that realm. So I think this has been very, it's been sort of like an injection of U9LyAVEe4RE-00035-00040500-00041376 Patricia Hswe: You know, innovative approaches to doing research that is digitally inflected and having that kind of support has been really key. U9LyAVEe4RE-00036-00041409-00041871 Patricia Hswe: The only other thing that I would say is because of that kind of support and because of support for U9LyAVEe4RE-00037-00041940-00042483 Patricia Hswe: Support for those new roles as well support as support for digital scholarship. There's also been U9LyAVEe4RE-00038-00042555-00044067 Patricia Hswe: It's also been possible to realize, an almost fully digital research workflow. And if I were showing slides. Today I will be showing a slide that my former foundation colleague Don waters used to show which shows how we have gone from U9LyAVEe4RE-00039-00044196-00045006 Patricia Hswe: A sort of physical based workflow to digital workflow using digitized materials being able to encode those materials being able to U9LyAVEe4RE-00040-00045081-00046533 Patricia Hswe: Transcribe OCR text being able to interpret web based content or digitize materials via annotation. For example, and even trying to crack the challenge of digitally publishing U9LyAVEe4RE-00041-00046656-00047757 Patricia Hswe: Scholarship. So those two things digital scholarship services of support roles and being able to support a Digital Research workflow. U9LyAVEe4RE-00042-00047871-00048321 Joan Lippincott: Thank you. Patricia interesting points, Tom. How about you. U9LyAVEe4RE-00043-00048462-00048909 Thomas Hickerson: Well, pardon me, first I want to say hello to everyone. U9LyAVEe4RE-00044-00049050-00050484 Thomas Hickerson: Particularly to voice my pleasure and joining with my distinguished colleagues here this morning, but everyone that's participating and everyone that's participated in this very impressive series. U9LyAVEe4RE-00045-00050625-00051755 Thomas Hickerson: digital scholarship programs are are particularly important because they provided a different model for libraries to interact and align with today's academic research. U9LyAVEe4RE-00046-00051897-00052659 Thomas Hickerson: It positions the library to move beyond traditional collection based strengths and transactional services. U9LyAVEe4RE-00047-00052817-00053733 Thomas Hickerson: When I discussed traditional strengths to the library with an Associate Dean research in the Arts Faculty at Calgary, he responded U9LyAVEe4RE-00048-00053847-00054096 Thomas Hickerson: But we don't do research like that anymore. U9LyAVEe4RE-00049-00054305-00055505 Thomas Hickerson: digital scholarship programs, give us the opportunity to reshape our role directly in response to new and multidisciplinary forms of research and teaching U9LyAVEe4RE-00050-00055704-00057519 Thomas Hickerson: As you have heard throughout this series and just remarkable presentations throughout these collaborations of identify for scholars and students evolving library capacities that are particular about value today. U9LyAVEe4RE-00051-00057708-00058326 Thomas Hickerson: It also positions libraries well in the development of new organizational partnerships. U9LyAVEe4RE-00052-00058452-00059823 Thomas Hickerson: On campus and and greatly beyond the campus, something that was was illustrated by a number of the presentations. So it's a very special opportunity for us. U9LyAVEe4RE-00053-00059946-00060582 Thomas Hickerson: That we are that that's come open to us through these digital scholarship programs. U9LyAVEe4RE-00054-00060771-00062247 Joan Lippincott: Thank you, Tom. I'm curious whether each of you believes that in the case of the successes in the working with new forms of scholarship with reaching out to faculty and U9LyAVEe4RE-00055-00062330-00064197 Joan Lippincott: Administrators in the university with integrating it into the entire library with integrating the workflow for digital programs. Is it in your view, top down. Does it start with a leadership is it bottom up, is it a combination. What do you think U9LyAVEe4RE-00056-00064314-00064710 Joan Lippincott: helps move things along within a library. U9LyAVEe4RE-00057-00065028-00065066 Joan Lippincott: Dan U9LyAVEe4RE-00058-00065124-00065516 Daniel Cohen: I'm sure I can I take all the above U9LyAVEe4RE-00059-00065637-00065706 Patricia Hswe: Yeah. U9LyAVEe4RE-00060-00065892-00066984 Daniel Cohen: I really want to underline Patricia's great point which I think the development actually have some some new rules which act as kind of facilitators, I think. U9LyAVEe4RE-00061-00067053-00068190 Daniel Cohen: People you know digital scholarship librarians who really see the full picture have the tech literacy understand some of the traditional library roles that that Tom mentioned as well. U9LyAVEe4RE-00062-00068241-00069075 Daniel Cohen: But that it can also act as a very strong outreach and partner and collaborated with faculty strikes me as being really key. U9LyAVEe4RE-00063-00069159-00070797 Daniel Cohen: But as I'm sure we'll discuss later in the hour. There are also organizational and financial and all kinds of issues where I do think leadership matters and and then I also, you know, going back to my days at George Mason. U9LyAVEe4RE-00064-00070908-00072102 Daniel Cohen: I also think that digital scholarship institutions have been very good at sort of bubbling up great ideas from every level of staff, I think. U9LyAVEe4RE-00065-00072150-00073206 Daniel Cohen: Unlike other parts of the university that may be, let's say a little bit more faculty driven on what's been wonderful to see and to and I've been at a few places where this has happened. U9LyAVEe4RE-00066-00073281-00074775 Daniel Cohen: Is to see everyone from, you know, software developers to meditate, a specialist archivists to this digital scholarship librarians develop ideas that can be transmitted around. I think it's a really special thing that U9LyAVEe4RE-00067-00074880-00075816 Daniel Cohen: Unlike that sort of solitary faculty member working on a monograph which of course is always overblown right there also collaborating with archivists and librarians and so forth, but U9LyAVEe4RE-00068-00075843-00076629 Daniel Cohen: I really think in digital scholarship environments, you have the chance to have, you know, half dozen a dozen people working together on a project. U9LyAVEe4RE-00069-00076671-00078591 Daniel Cohen: And it sort of encourages a really fertile interaction between folks who have different roles within that kind of organization and can pursue new ideas because of that the hive mind that occurs within those digital scholarship programs. U9LyAVEe4RE-00070-00078696-00078951 Joan Lippincott: Thank you, Tom. Please go ahead. U9LyAVEe4RE-00071-00079131-00080169 Thomas Hickerson: Pardon me, I want to pick up on the on the last point that the Dan made and speaking to a number of projects. U9LyAVEe4RE-00072-00080313-00081237 Thomas Hickerson: That research projects in various disciplinary areas. One of the things that was. It was so special about this. U9LyAVEe4RE-00073-00081345-00082743 Thomas Hickerson: Was it in fact those scholars work directly with a variety of library staff who normally don't have that kind of interaction. And it was so exciting for them. U9LyAVEe4RE-00074-00082872-00084228 Thomas Hickerson: To be able to sit at the table and offer suggestions to have their knowledge and their expertise appreciated by the researchers in a very explicit passion. U9LyAVEe4RE-00075-00084387-00084477 Thomas Hickerson: I U9LyAVEe4RE-00076-00084648-00085506 Thomas Hickerson: We had hired a very new metadata librarian. And so she was in her first professional year and she commented later. U9LyAVEe4RE-00077-00085563-00086529 Thomas Hickerson: That she had never imagined that when she was a new librarian. She would be sitting at the table directly interacting with scholars U9LyAVEe4RE-00078-00086580-00088137 Thomas Hickerson: And how this ad just raised her appreciation of her knowledge set, but also in her role in research and her role in the university and I think for many staff at identified them. U9LyAVEe4RE-00079-00088233-00090312 Thomas Hickerson: After working, you know, in the quote back room for so long. Suddenly they were playing a part in the university and in a way that they had not perceived before. So really exciting and happy enhancement for staff. U9LyAVEe4RE-00080-00090414-00090459 Thomas Hickerson: Thanks. U9LyAVEe4RE-00081-00090504-00090864 Joan Lippincott: Patricia anything you'd like to add on this point or something else. U9LyAVEe4RE-00082-00090882-00091572 Patricia Hswe: Um, I think, you know, just building on what's been said in terms of all of the above. U9LyAVEe4RE-00083-00091641-00093171 Patricia Hswe: The leadership is generally the place where the funding that makes possible the funding for these kinds of roles and and for these kinds of programs. I think sometimes we can get overlooked is the fact that the leadership and maybe middle managers can also help facilitate U9LyAVEe4RE-00084-00093318-00095280 Patricia Hswe: Some better understanding about what digital scholarship is what it involves and having understanding that it is extremely team based sometimes that's not articulated. I think when roles like that are reduced programs like that are introduced. So I guess. U9LyAVEe4RE-00085-00095403-00095805 Patricia Hswe: My, my contribution here is a flavor of what Dan has said. U9LyAVEe4RE-00086-00095922-00096297 Joan Lippincott: Thank you. Well, let's move on to our next question. U9LyAVEe4RE-00087-00096354-00096765 Joan Lippincott: Where there are successes. There's also normally been some roadblocks. U9LyAVEe4RE-00088-00096792-00097581 Joan Lippincott: So what do you believe has been the major roadblocks to success of the development of digital scholarship programs because some of what U9LyAVEe4RE-00089-00097626-00099231 Joan Lippincott: You described in response to the first question from my point of view, was rosy and wonderful. But I also hear stories that aren't so rosy and wonderful. And what do you think accounts for that. Let's start with Patricia on this one. U9LyAVEe4RE-00090-00099327-00100680 Patricia Hswe: So, um, digital scholarship programs and projects often get started because of grant funding or soft funding and it's usually because of a nifty new idea. U9LyAVEe4RE-00091-00100830-00101904 Patricia Hswe: Or software application or platform that is the attraction right to funders and all that is great and getting the initiative started U9LyAVEe4RE-00092-00101967-00102876 Patricia Hswe: But what happens when the funding runs out and there hasn't been the institutional investment. Perhaps it was anticipated, they can take over that can continue U9LyAVEe4RE-00093-00102930-00103736 Patricia Hswe: The effort that was started. What I'm trying to get at here is not only the fact that, you know, we as funders tend to be attracted to. U9LyAVEe4RE-00094-00103776-00104847 Patricia Hswe: What's innovative and new and shiny. But the fact that we also and we meaning funders, as well as higher education institutions libraries, archives, where these activities take place. U9LyAVEe4RE-00095-00104883-00106104 Patricia Hswe: Still don't understand as well as we should. What it takes to persist a digital scholarship program and what it takes to maintain the activities that have been done and that have flourished. But that need U9LyAVEe4RE-00096-00106164-00107457 Patricia Hswe: Continual funding or eventually even some capital to keep them going and to update them. So I think that that's definitely a weakness that we are so focused on the innovative and the shiny. U9LyAVEe4RE-00097-00107483-00108165 Patricia Hswe: That we don't we forget that there needs to be some attention to repair and maintenance down the road, even for positions. U9LyAVEe4RE-00098-00108243-00109446 Patricia Hswe: You know, a lot of these positions are hired singly rather than as a team, and there can be some burnout in these positions. So I would say that has been a roadblock. And I'll just U9LyAVEe4RE-00099-00109602-00110868 Patricia Hswe: Introduce one additional roadblock, and that is as as as vital as these programs have become and as popular as they become. I mean, they are obviously U9LyAVEe4RE-00100-00111075-00111564 Patricia Hswe: A very rich part of the library organization there hasn't been still a U9LyAVEe4RE-00101-00111611-00112515 Patricia Hswe: You know, some uptake in promotion and tenure guidelines to support the outputs of these programs. So you can do all that work as a faculty U9LyAVEe4RE-00102-00112554-00114198 Patricia Hswe: But you still struggle to get credit for it. And so that's something that I think will the resolution over time. It isn't a new problem. But again, like the maintenance problem. It's something that needs attention and is that exciting to address like a new software application. U9LyAVEe4RE-00103-00114327-00114798 Joan Lippincott: Really important points. Thank you. How about you, Tom, what do you see as roadblocks. U9LyAVEe4RE-00104-00114915-00115133 Thomas Hickerson: Well, I'll start out first. U9LyAVEe4RE-00105-00115266-00116100 Thomas Hickerson: Patricia has spoken to the limitation of funding by the Mellon Foundation and other similar U9LyAVEe4RE-00106-00116208-00117303 Thomas Hickerson: Funding supporters but i wanna i want to say how important that funding has been and. And yes, we need that funding for innovation. U9LyAVEe4RE-00107-00117450-00117639 Thomas Hickerson: And I will say that U9LyAVEe4RE-00108-00117780-00119055 Thomas Hickerson: That the funders are often very creative contributors themselves and so that we should see them as part of the environment in which we which we work. U9LyAVEe4RE-00109-00119217-00121353 Thomas Hickerson: I will say as Patricia indicated digital scholarship programs have drawn a good deal of positive attention within libraries, but often they're not organizationally embraced as core components of the library's support for Campus research. U9LyAVEe4RE-00110-00121530-00122459 Thomas Hickerson: So ongoing substantial funding has not been reallocated from other areas of library operation that may not be so important today. U9LyAVEe4RE-00111-00122561-00123825 Thomas Hickerson: And reallocated to sustain and expand the impact of digital scholarship programs, some tough decisions have to be made to realize the full potential. U9LyAVEe4RE-00112-00123975-00124728 Thomas Hickerson: Permanent staffing is sometimes minimal and service support is often dependent on staff on student wages. U9LyAVEe4RE-00113-00124857-00125660 Thomas Hickerson: Grants shared with academic departments are often short term and do not always build stable capacity. U9LyAVEe4RE-00114-00125874-00126311 Thomas Hickerson: We've also sometimes been constrained by our focus on the humanities. U9LyAVEe4RE-00115-00126477-00126669 Thomas Hickerson: All research is digital U9LyAVEe4RE-00116-00126783-00127371 Thomas Hickerson: And our functional strengths are not disciplinary in their scope of application. U9LyAVEe4RE-00117-00127533-00128301 Thomas Hickerson: Metadata services and visualization are vital for climatologist and medical researchers U9LyAVEe4RE-00118-00128406-00128609 Thomas Hickerson: As well as for literary scholars U9LyAVEe4RE-00119-00129042-00129860 Joan Lippincott: I agree. Tom really important points. Thank you. And, Dan, what you think are some major roadblocks. U9LyAVEe4RE-00120-00129921-00130428 Daniel Cohen: Sure, some of these will probably be footnotes to my colleagues on the panel, but U9LyAVEe4RE-00121-00130511-00131487 Daniel Cohen: I guess the first thing I would say is that I think some of the hurdles or roadblocks. Are there. The flip side of what we discussed in the first question, which is that U9LyAVEe4RE-00122-00131586-00132537 Daniel Cohen: as exciting as it is to play a collaboration or coordination role actually those roles are very hard. When I was at U9LyAVEe4RE-00123-00132606-00133152 Daniel Cohen: The Digital Public Library in America, probably some people on this call have heard me say this, that I've used it more as a U9LyAVEe4RE-00124-00133197-00133740 Daniel Cohen: social or political project, rather than a technical project. I mean, it had technical aspects but it U9LyAVEe4RE-00125-00133782-00135783 Daniel Cohen: Had to do with coordination and collaboration among thousands of libraries, archives, and museums and that's just very difficult and within a university environment where as Patricia noted, people might have variable incentives, particularly those who might be on a tenure track line. U9LyAVEe4RE-00126-00135885-00137259 Daniel Cohen: You know those those tensions can arise as part of collaboration around projects. I'd also say again is the flip side of what I said earlier, in terms of the benefits of digital scholarship programs. U9LyAVEe4RE-00127-00137334-00138894 Daniel Cohen: Things that are big tick betwixt in between things that are not quite in a department, maybe not quite in a library are often hard to sustain this is just, you know, organizational management one on one, I think. U9LyAVEe4RE-00128-00138963-00140070 Daniel Cohen: There are a lot of institutes and centers in the university there. Holy within a department or within a home college. Those are often much easier to find sustainable funding. U9LyAVEe4RE-00129-00140172-00140490 Daniel Cohen: Beyond the sort of venture capital of grant funding. U9LyAVEe4RE-00130-00140622-00142446 Daniel Cohen: And so the, you know, I think thinking about something that spans multiple parts of an organization is actually quite hard and probably some more thought needs to be applied in that area. And finally, I'll just say, and I really do think this is a footnote to Tom and Patricia U9LyAVEe4RE-00131-00142638-00143238 Daniel Cohen: I, I'm not sure I know of a single digital scholarship program that is not overstretched U9LyAVEe4RE-00132-00143352-00143769 Daniel Cohen: I think these are tend to be, you know, very U9LyAVEe4RE-00133-00143928-00145056 Daniel Cohen: Talented and caffeinated sets of people who really want to work on a lot of new software projects and want to collaborate with not only people at their own institution but actually U9LyAVEe4RE-00134-00145152-00145662 Daniel Cohen: You know, nationally and internationally with others. I think it's a very online group and U9LyAVEe4RE-00135-00145728-00146571 Daniel Cohen: So when that happens when you have as a sort of mismatch of ambition with capacity. And I think that U9LyAVEe4RE-00136-00146616-00147579 Daniel Cohen: That that also is an ongoing program. I know it's just hard to kind of do everything is digital scholarship groups wanting to do some of the participants, getting back to the U9LyAVEe4RE-00137-00147621-00148905 Daniel Cohen: Collaboration part. Some of the participants in a digital scholarship program may not understand the amount of work that would go into a specific. What's a new project or new feature. And so, you often have this kind of U9LyAVEe4RE-00138-00149097-00150012 Daniel Cohen: demands on the digital scholarship group within the library outstripping the capacity. And I think that's also an ongoing hurdle. Thank you. U9LyAVEe4RE-00139-00150093-00150696 Joan Lippincott: Do any of you wish to comment further on your colleagues or amplify your comment. U9LyAVEe4RE-00140-00150960-00152337 Joan Lippincott: I'm going to ask then Dan or others. I have found very few digital scholarship programs that have clear guidelines on what they will or won't accept as a project. U9LyAVEe4RE-00141-00152394-00153216 Joan Lippincott: And do you think that I'm being too kind of rational in expecting that kind of thing to develop say as a U9LyAVEe4RE-00142-00153261-00154437 Joan Lippincott: Long ago reference librarian, you had usually some guidelines as to what types of questions you would spend what amount of time on. And, you know, follow up in that kind of thing. U9LyAVEe4RE-00143-00154509-00155511 Joan Lippincott: Which is, of course, much more limited in scope. But do you think that that's a step as programs mature that they could take or not particularly U9LyAVEe4RE-00144-00155763-00156312 Daniel Cohen: So, you know, I'll say on that it's it I like the idea of setting up guidelines. U9LyAVEe4RE-00145-00156381-00157896 Daniel Cohen: Certainly tried to do it in my own context, in reality, it's, it's, I think it's actually kind of hard because I think a lot of digital scholarship, because it's emergent, it's a little bit amorphous and it's it's actually hard to maybe know at the beginning of a project. U9LyAVEe4RE-00146-00158010-00158994 Daniel Cohen: You know how much work, something is, I mean, you definitely know certain parts of the parameters on what I my party line on this is maybe not to rule anything out. U9LyAVEe4RE-00147-00159045-00159720 Daniel Cohen: But to see if you can sort of really work with with others to define the scope better U9LyAVEe4RE-00148-00159813-00160887 Daniel Cohen: And even more importantly to shoehorn it wherever possible into existing platforms and structures structures that you have in your own digital scholarship program so U9LyAVEe4RE-00149-00160935-00162096 Daniel Cohen: You know, for, for me, you know, if you can take a project and put it in a mecca, you know, thanks to the funding of the Malian foundation and others. U9LyAVEe4RE-00150-00162246-00163299 Daniel Cohen: I was developed in is still ongoing on those platforms, you know, help to reduce the kind of structural load the cognitive load the maintenance load. U9LyAVEe4RE-00151-00163389-00164655 Daniel Cohen: That that has to happen the sustainability. I think becomes better. So I think as long as you work to, again, not just reduce the scope but to say, you know what, we can't have all the bells and whistles. U9LyAVEe4RE-00152-00164727-00166209 Daniel Cohen: We can, but if we put it on in this existing structure that we know. We know how to run. We know how to use. We have people who are expert in that area, then we can go forward with it. So I think it's a sort of two pronged approach there. Thank you. U9LyAVEe4RE-00153-00166410-00166497 Joan Lippincott: Tom, go ahead. U9LyAVEe4RE-00154-00166560-00166950 Thomas Hickerson: So up a point on on this interaction. U9LyAVEe4RE-00155-00167100-00167784 Thomas Hickerson: Is when you really have people in digital scholarship programs working closely with U9LyAVEe4RE-00156-00167943-00168342 Thomas Hickerson: Researchers in their projects and with our graduate students. U9LyAVEe4RE-00157-00168525-00168852 Thomas Hickerson: One of the things that we need to be quite open about U9LyAVEe4RE-00158-00168969-00169287 Thomas Hickerson: Is what we can do. And while we can't do U9LyAVEe4RE-00159-00169533-00170385 Thomas Hickerson: We would love to do it all and researchers would love for us to do it all in many cases, but U9LyAVEe4RE-00160-00170508-00172728 Thomas Hickerson: We need, we need to have a real conversation. And one of the things that researchers have commented to us in some of our grant programs is we don't know what you can do or how much you can do. And so I think I am. U9LyAVEe4RE-00161-00173007-00174402 Thomas Hickerson: Or an element of what Dan has just described is is having a good common understanding among the staff and their capacity to convey that to the to their research partners. Thank you. U9LyAVEe4RE-00162-00174504-00174753 Joan Lippincott: Patricia, anything to add or ready to not U9LyAVEe4RE-00163-00174819-00175701 Patricia Hswe: Only that I think you know both of these approaches speak to flexibility and I do like the idea of having U9LyAVEe4RE-00164-00175749-00177030 Patricia Hswe: Guidance, because I think guidance can also reflect strategy for the digital scholarship program. If you know what you'll accept you know you're doing that because of strategic priorities for the program. U9LyAVEe4RE-00165-00177141-00177477 Patricia Hswe: But I do understand that sometimes there are things at the moment. U9LyAVEe4RE-00166-00177582-00179022 Patricia Hswe: A particular team is coming together organically and you want to be able to take advantage of that. And so I think building and flexibility for those kinds of opportunities is really important and understanding the planning a planning phase can go a long way. U9LyAVEe4RE-00167-00179142-00179181 Joan Lippincott: Thank you. U9LyAVEe4RE-00168-00179310-00180507 Joan Lippincott: We'll go on to our next question. All three of you have commented, and we've heard throughout the series, how important it is to take an institutional view of digital scholarship U9LyAVEe4RE-00169-00180549-00181737 Joan Lippincott: What's happening in other parts of the institution. And it's really important. I think for libraries to have a seat at the table, whatever that table is actually, it's often several tables. U9LyAVEe4RE-00170-00181776-00182934 Joan Lippincott: Where institutional processes decisions and budgets for infrastructure for technologies for support for storage for all kinds of things are being made. U9LyAVEe4RE-00171-00182970-00184173 Joan Lippincott: And and resources allocated. So I'd like to know if you have recommendations for how libraries can get a seat at those tables and let's start with you Tom U9LyAVEe4RE-00172-00184530-00184701 Thomas Hickerson: We need to be at all the tables. U9LyAVEe4RE-00173-00184932-00185838 Thomas Hickerson: And and i think that that opportunity is available to us and we need to be strategic. U9LyAVEe4RE-00174-00186012-00187383 Thomas Hickerson: About our pursuit of those opportunities and we need to be strategic in marketing knowledge of our really what is a redefinition U9LyAVEe4RE-00175-00187515-00187689 Thomas Hickerson: For research libraries today. U9LyAVEe4RE-00176-00187857-00188754 Thomas Hickerson: digital scholarship programs bring a diversity of of library strengths together to enhance research and teaching U9LyAVEe4RE-00177-00188832-00191088 Thomas Hickerson: And the strengths include visualization metadata services GIS web development br AI maker spaces. Special Collections copyright services digitization and data curation repository services who doesn't need those. U9LyAVEe4RE-00178-00191196-00191415 Thomas Hickerson: They're really central elements. U9LyAVEe4RE-00179-00191541-00191880 Thomas Hickerson: In in research and teaching today and U9LyAVEe4RE-00180-00191985-00192057 Thomas Hickerson: So, U9LyAVEe4RE-00181-00192162-00192309 Thomas Hickerson: We need to U9LyAVEe4RE-00182-00192525-00193128 Thomas Hickerson: Acknowledge and take credit for our, our tremendous capacity to contribute. U9LyAVEe4RE-00183-00193272-00194970 Thomas Hickerson: We need to build links within the library so that impact the various departments and the various staff participating in those departments have a sense of their of their partners and addressing these issues and U9LyAVEe4RE-00184-00195144-00195861 Thomas Hickerson: To work together to exploit the common resources and we must partner campus wide. U9LyAVEe4RE-00185-00196005-00197472 Thomas Hickerson: And and seek to, in doing so, to expand the rich this rich constellation of services and expertise and expertise as a critical element as I'll comment in just a moment. U9LyAVEe4RE-00186-00197595-00197913 Thomas Hickerson: But also, as I've commented, we really need to U9LyAVEe4RE-00187-00198144-00198963 Thomas Hickerson: devote a good deal of attention. How in to how to tell the new story. U9LyAVEe4RE-00188-00199167-00199794 Thomas Hickerson: The old story has been around for a long time. We need to work at how to tell the new story. U9LyAVEe4RE-00189-00199917-00201864 Thomas Hickerson: In addition to partnerships with it units teaching and learning centers and academic departments must connect with the university research administration. And as I said, demonstrate our importance to the research enterprise. We offer significant economies of scale for the university. U9LyAVEe4RE-00190-00201981-00202293 Thomas Hickerson: And as Calgary's associate vice president research. U9LyAVEe4RE-00191-00202437-00203505 Thomas Hickerson: Penny Paxman said at our symposium in Washington last December libraries can play a crucial role in developing faculty abilities. U9LyAVEe4RE-00192-00203634-00204357 Thomas Hickerson: And that also applies to graduate students and initiating synergistic connections among faculty U9LyAVEe4RE-00193-00204504-00204848 Thomas Hickerson: These needs exist on every campus today. U9LyAVEe4RE-00194-00205059-00205713 Thomas Hickerson: This redefinition and repositioning is what will bring us to new tables. U9LyAVEe4RE-00195-00205830-00206205 Thomas Hickerson: With enhanced influence and U9LyAVEe4RE-00196-00206342-00206492 Thomas Hickerson: Enhanced recognition. U9LyAVEe4RE-00197-00206706-00206946 Joan Lippincott: Thank you, Tom. How about you, Dan. U9LyAVEe4RE-00198-00207063-00207942 Daniel Cohen: That's very well put on, you know, I will add, I think all of the trends in scholarship are heading in a direction that U9LyAVEe4RE-00199-00208077-00208701 Daniel Cohen: We're, you know, having a digital scholarship group in the library makes tremendous sense right U9LyAVEe4RE-00200-00208817-00210027 Daniel Cohen: Almost every field is become at least data inflected if not significant, we involved in, you know, the management and visualization and integration of U9LyAVEe4RE-00201-00210081-00211512 Daniel Cohen: Data sources, you know, humanities, social sciences STEM fields. So, um, so I think they're, you know, there's a clear leadership role play. I think I'm the U9LyAVEe4RE-00202-00211560-00212358 Daniel Cohen: Kind of marketing and attaching yourself to strategic initiatives. I think that's another good point that Tom would make on U9LyAVEe4RE-00203-00212400-00213569 Daniel Cohen: Just one brief example, our university is really trying to make. I think particularly given what's happened this year, a very strong push to become better integrated into our community in Boston or U9LyAVEe4RE-00204-00213669-00214830 Daniel Cohen: You know, university that sits in the middle of Boston, and we have tremendous archives of the surrounding communities and social justice groups in the area and so U9LyAVEe4RE-00205-00214898-00216276 Daniel Cohen: Seeing that you know the university wants to make a significant advance on that front. And knowing that between our archives and our digital scholarship group is again a facilitator or enabler of the use and U9LyAVEe4RE-00206-00216411-00218115 Daniel Cohen: You know visualization of our communities. History and Culture has been, I think, really important. So I think keeping an eye on you know what your university's overall strategic priorities are and knowing what your strengths are within your digital scholarship U9LyAVEe4RE-00207-00218292-00218490 Daniel Cohen: Group would be pretty key. U9LyAVEe4RE-00208-00218604-00219231 Daniel Cohen: I'll also say that I do think it's really important for leaders. U9LyAVEe4RE-00209-00219342-00220191 Daniel Cohen: Within the library to be well integrated with the other leadership structures within the university that really varies by university but U9LyAVEe4RE-00210-00220269-00221511 Daniel Cohen: Are terrific had of the digital scholarship group at Northeastern Julia Flanders, many of you know has a joint appointment in English. So she's integrated into our U9LyAVEe4RE-00211-00221583-00221994 Daniel Cohen: Humanity Humanities and Social Sciences college. She's also part of new lab. U9LyAVEe4RE-00212-00222042-00222936 Daniel Cohen: As am I actually as a joint faculty member appointment and new lab is our digital humanities and computational social sciences group faculty driven U9LyAVEe4RE-00213-00222981-00224067 Daniel Cohen: On I sit on the deans council with the, the deans of the college's themselves as an equal partner that might be an unusual experience, perhaps for Dina library, but U9LyAVEe4RE-00214-00224171-00224838 Daniel Cohen: You know, I've been very gratified to sort of really have a seat and be a full participant in those things. So, you know, I think. U9LyAVEe4RE-00215-00224901-00225702 Daniel Cohen: Those kinds of very strong connections are important. I think the library can also facilitate that by U9LyAVEe4RE-00216-00225773-00226335 Daniel Cohen: Thinking about you know exactly how you structure appointments on the kinds of faculty members who you bring in U9LyAVEe4RE-00217-00226380-00227196 Daniel Cohen: And just doing some basic politicking. To be honest, I can be frank within the university to to, you know, have even U9LyAVEe4RE-00218-00227265-00228612 Daniel Cohen: You know, mid and entry level folks within your group reach out and participate in academic seminars and get, you know, get involved with projects so that you are valued across the university. U9LyAVEe4RE-00219-00228759-00228831 Joan Lippincott: Thank you, Dan. U9LyAVEe4RE-00220-00228966-00229023 Joan Lippincott: Patricia U9LyAVEe4RE-00221-00229146-00229194 Patricia Hswe: You know, U9LyAVEe4RE-00222-00229329-00230301 Patricia Hswe: Both Tom and Dan were so eloquent. I'm not sure that I have much more to add other than just keeping on top of assessment. And so, you know, Tom. U9LyAVEe4RE-00223-00230364-00230748 Patricia Hswe: Bringing up the story I think is going to be increasingly important. U9LyAVEe4RE-00224-00230811-00232263 Patricia Hswe: Knowing how to tell that story, not just relying on metrics or mechanisms for analytics, but actually having stories to tell that show how a particular service or particular collaboration has been effective and has shown U9LyAVEe4RE-00225-00232365-00232932 Patricia Hswe: You know, the, the strengths of the of the campus and the faculty and the students so U9LyAVEe4RE-00226-00233040-00233369 Patricia Hswe: Bravo to Tom and Danforth thing all that for me. U9LyAVEe4RE-00227-00233601-00234842 Joan Lippincott: Thank you. Patricia i'm i'm going to go ahead and move on to the final question that I have and then just to remind you, if you weren't here at the outset. After U9LyAVEe4RE-00228-00234894-00236130 Joan Lippincott: Our panelists answer this fourth question we'll open it to you, the participants for your own Q AMP. A and then I'm going to do a brief wrap up of the seminar of the webinar series. U9LyAVEe4RE-00229-00236181-00237732 Joan Lippincott: So our fourth question is in the aftermath of the pandemic, which we're all just hoping and hoping and hoping will come sooner than later. How will digital scholarship programs change and Dan. We're going to start with you on this question. U9LyAVEe4RE-00230-00237984-00238485 Daniel Cohen: So yeah, just you know pandemic has had no effect whatsoever in our lives. U9LyAVEe4RE-00231-00238596-00238821 Daniel Cohen: across the university and digital scholarship groups. U9LyAVEe4RE-00232-00238983-00239955 Daniel Cohen: Of course, I mean, I'll be I'll be brief, I think, I think, you know, it makes digital scholarship work more important than ever because U9LyAVEe4RE-00233-00240105-00240242 Daniel Cohen: We, you know, we U9LyAVEe4RE-00234-00240344-00241161 Daniel Cohen: They point to we have to be more responsive more flexible in the way that we do our work. Now we've had to U9LyAVEe4RE-00235-00241227-00242631 Daniel Cohen: Do that all year. I mean, my entire staff has had to change, week to week day to day. I mean there's just so much going on and you know I've always thought that one of the advantages of digital media and technology. U9LyAVEe4RE-00236-00242742-00244073 Daniel Cohen: Is that it is it is flexible, it's adaptable. It can be used to different purposes you know it's it's a it's a medium that is can be highly responsive, if done well. And so I just think U9LyAVEe4RE-00237-00244182-00245669 Daniel Cohen: You know, we will have to continue to be very responsive to what's going on in the world around us and to use the best of digital media and technology to make better and more humane approaches to what we see. U9LyAVEe4RE-00238-00245771-00245819 Daniel Cohen: Thank you. U9LyAVEe4RE-00239-00245904-00245961 Patricia U9LyAVEe4RE-00240-00246090-00247275 Patricia Hswe: Um, flexibility is definitely going to be a part of it. I do think that in some ways because of the versatility of the roles and of staff in these programs. U9LyAVEe4RE-00241-00247386-00248127 Patricia Hswe: Perhaps that's a versatility that will translate across other staff roles in the organization. U9LyAVEe4RE-00242-00248273-00249342 Patricia Hswe: I know that there have been situations where, because of the nature of the position or the work or the role. It's been hard to do that kind of work. U9LyAVEe4RE-00243-00249398-00250683 Patricia Hswe: From home and maybe they'll be more imagination into ways of odd, you know, automatically or nimbly repurchasing certain positions or certain U9LyAVEe4RE-00244-00250758-00251948 Patricia Hswe: Activities, so that they can take place, off, off campus. I also wonder if will be more attentive to challenges of continuity of service continuity of research and teaching U9LyAVEe4RE-00245-00252023-00252864 Patricia Hswe: That will go beyond just holding things over zoom. You know, I think that there are already groups and organizations thinking in those terms. U9LyAVEe4RE-00246-00252921-00254471 Patricia Hswe: So less dependency on space. I am curious to know, you know what the investments will be post pandemic on space on facilities, given that, you know, we have not been able to take advantage of them because of the challenges of a pandemic. U9LyAVEe4RE-00247-00254616-00255516 Patricia Hswe: So I guess the only other thing is just understanding that the portfolio for online services is probably going to grow. U9LyAVEe4RE-00248-00255612-00256665 Patricia Hswe: That they'll be, you know, probably, you know, I'm thinking toolkits or guidance that will enable libraries and libraries to make that transition without, you know a whole lot of U9LyAVEe4RE-00249-00256812-00257178 Patricia Hswe: angst and, you know, issues and problems. U9LyAVEe4RE-00250-00257367-00257519 Joan Lippincott: Thank you and Tom U9LyAVEe4RE-00251-00257691-00257727 Thomas Hickerson: Oh, U9LyAVEe4RE-00252-00257982-00258984 Thomas Hickerson: Not long ago I saw an article in the New York Times about the pandemic, which was headlined in bold letters saying no one knows what's going to happen. U9LyAVEe4RE-00253-00259169-00260532 Thomas Hickerson: And that is ok. It reminds me of what I often say about designing libraries design for the library, you know, for the library you can imagine, and for the library, you cannot yet imagine U9LyAVEe4RE-00254-00260661-00261060 Thomas Hickerson: We've had months now of something most of us could not imagine U9LyAVEe4RE-00255-00261201-00263118 Thomas Hickerson: To our credit. We are accommodating the changes but ideally we are also recognizing that the changes and research and teaching in the student experience. And then our role in the campus community will continue beyond the pandemic and continue to change. U9LyAVEe4RE-00256-00263268-00264357 Thomas Hickerson: So perhaps the best thing we can do is to recognize this and employ permeable thinking and our programming training and architectural and spatial design. U9LyAVEe4RE-00257-00264462-00265362 Thomas Hickerson: When we built the Taylor family Digital Library at Calgary. We had raised flooring and mountable walls installed throughout most of the building. U9LyAVEe4RE-00258-00265479-00266112 Thomas Hickerson: We wanted a space that could be altered and repurposed without major construction. U9LyAVEe4RE-00259-00266244-00267930 Thomas Hickerson: Today lab next is a digital scholarships space created in response to researcher identified needs. It's an open and flexible space, including small work rooms and a maker space located as a hub for a constellation of related services. U9LyAVEe4RE-00260-00268074-00268275 Thomas Hickerson: But it could be something else tomorrow. U9LyAVEe4RE-00261-00268395-00268467 Thomas Hickerson: Hopefully, U9LyAVEe4RE-00262-00268593-00269355 Thomas Hickerson: A comfort with and capacity for change is how we will deal with our current circumstance. U9LyAVEe4RE-00263-00269496-00269712 Thomas Hickerson: And also prepare ourselves for tomorrow. U9LyAVEe4RE-00264-00269919-00269997 Joan Lippincott: Thank you, Tom. U9LyAVEe4RE-00265-00270198-00271080 Joan Lippincott: Do any of you want to add to your comments or question one of your fellow panelists or expand on your thoughts. U9LyAVEe4RE-00266-00271254-00271416 Joan Lippincott: Go ahead, or raise your hand. U9LyAVEe4RE-00267-00271869-00272748 Daniel Cohen: Dan Well, I'll just, I'll just say briefly, I think the space. Question is a really interesting one, we're actually at the beginning of renovation of our library. And I think that point on. U9LyAVEe4RE-00268-00272871-00274083 Daniel Cohen: Tom's third point about, you know, how do you design for a future. You can imagine is a really median interesting one. And I think we agree with the direction that that question takes us U9LyAVEe4RE-00269-00274296-00274557 Joan Lippincott: Thank you. Patricia. Did you want to add something. U9LyAVEe4RE-00270-00274785-00276453 Patricia Hswe: I don't think so i again i learned so much from both my colleagues on the panel in their comments and I love the expression permeable thinking and, you know, just that ability to be able to repurpose rethink U9LyAVEe4RE-00271-00276576-00277461 Patricia Hswe: Even to some extent, you know, think of it is you know repair restoration is going to be key. I think to life after the pandemic and libraries. U9LyAVEe4RE-00272-00277638-00278583 Joan Lippincott: Well, thank you so much, Patricia Dan and Tom you've provided some great perspectives on both the past and the future of digital scholarship programs. U9LyAVEe4RE-00273-00278619-00279594 Joan Lippincott: And now we'll take some questions from participants and then I'll provide a brief wrap up of the series. And so if you'll put your questions into the chat. I will then U9LyAVEe4RE-00274-00279738-00280323 Joan Lippincott: Feed them to our panelists. Our first question is, how do you balance strategic marketing. U9LyAVEe4RE-00275-00280353-00281115 Joan Lippincott: And illuminating the role of digital scholarship with very real staffing bandwidth and funding issue. So in other words, if you're out there. U9LyAVEe4RE-00276-00281148-00282465 Joan Lippincott: Talking up your program, but you're reaching the limitations of what your staff can handle. How do you make sure that you're somewhat keeping that in balance. Tom, do you want to address that first U9LyAVEe4RE-00277-00282519-00283020 Thomas Hickerson: Well, I go back to the making hard decisions. U9LyAVEe4RE-00278-00283155-00283848 Thomas Hickerson: And and my quote of the of the research Dean. U9LyAVEe4RE-00279-00284178-00285537 Thomas Hickerson: Parts of our of our previous traditional strengths are not as valuable today, much more material Isabel is available through open access and through open science. U9LyAVEe4RE-00280-00285585-00287190 Thomas Hickerson: And so we really have to think about what is in the 21st century. What is the most important strength. Strength of the of the library. What are they today and then be responsive to what will they be tomorrow and U9LyAVEe4RE-00281-00287325-00287442 Thomas Hickerson: So, so U9LyAVEe4RE-00282-00287721-00288609 Thomas Hickerson: You know you. We all say it many times. Um, the question is what do we not do. U9LyAVEe4RE-00283-00288897-00289125 Joan Lippincott: Thank you. Patricia. Any thoughts. U9LyAVEe4RE-00284-00289287-00290190 Patricia Hswe: Yeah, I just, I was nodding, because I totally agree with Tom, what do you not do is it's going to be key to figuring out this problem of bandwidth for sure. Thank you. U9LyAVEe4RE-00285-00290226-00290343 Joan Lippincott: Dan, anything to add. U9LyAVEe4RE-00286-00290532-00290946 Joan Lippincott: Alright our next question is what parameters do you recommend U9LyAVEe4RE-00287-00291054-00291768 Joan Lippincott: Regarding when should library digital scholarship staff be recognized as Co authors or co-researchers U9LyAVEe4RE-00288-00291822-00293382 Joan Lippincott: And so this could apply to publications to presentations, etc. Does the Mellon Foundation have any guidelines for that or do you look at proposals for how people's roles will be recognized Patricia, or is that something that you think U9LyAVEe4RE-00289-00293508-00293622 Joan Lippincott: That you have some thoughts on U9LyAVEe4RE-00290-00293766-00294645 Patricia Hswe: Um, I don't know that we well we want to obviously see collaborators recognized in some way on a proposal and U9LyAVEe4RE-00291-00294753-00295734 Patricia Hswe: That could very well mean that if they have a major role in the effort that we want to see some indication that they participate in the design of the project. U9LyAVEe4RE-00292-00295887-00296967 Patricia Hswe: But when it comes to actual parameters to recommend for recognizing co authorship or co or collaboration on a project. U9LyAVEe4RE-00293-00297087-00298404 Patricia Hswe: That's a tricky one, and I you know I think part of it has to do with the fact that these contributions collaborative contributions aren't often recognized or credited by the organization. U9LyAVEe4RE-00294-00298527-00299523 Patricia Hswe: And so I think I'm going to defer to my panelists, my fellow panelists this decision as to whether they have any ideas on that front. Thank you. U9LyAVEe4RE-00295-00299580-00301845 Joan Lippincott: Tom, we know in the sciences, there's an increasing movement to have a huge list of CO authors with in some cases roles specified on publications. Is that something that you saw it all at Calvary, where were some of your staff involved co authors are co presenters wants to work with their U9LyAVEe4RE-00296-00301941-00302598 Thomas Hickerson: I'm one of what we saw them probably more often than specifically U9LyAVEe4RE-00297-00302730-00302859 Thomas Hickerson: Credit for U9LyAVEe4RE-00298-00302985-00303495 Thomas Hickerson: For scholarly communication is the opportunity to be U9LyAVEe4RE-00299-00303612-00304047 Thomas Hickerson: Co participants in academic grants and U9LyAVEe4RE-00300-00304254-00304488 Thomas Hickerson: For one of our literary scholars U9LyAVEe4RE-00301-00304680-00304845 Thomas Hickerson: Her co participants. U9LyAVEe4RE-00302-00304947-00305334 Thomas Hickerson: For a major grant included the head of our U9LyAVEe4RE-00303-00305547-00306861 Thomas Hickerson: Spatial numeric data services because of his expertise in GIS and also included our visualization coordinator. And interestingly, U9LyAVEe4RE-00304-00307044-00307800 Thomas Hickerson: We've had cases where people in digitization who are applying new methodologies. U9LyAVEe4RE-00305-00307911-00308799 Thomas Hickerson: To produce a different kind of digital image to be incorporated into data analysis. U9LyAVEe4RE-00306-00308901-00310299 Thomas Hickerson: Are also getting substantial credit. So I am. And we've certainly done you know we brought our partners to see an eye as well and U9LyAVEe4RE-00307-00310434-00311103 Thomas Hickerson: So trying to have them join with us as well as us join with them. U9LyAVEe4RE-00308-00311250-00312420 Joan Lippincott: And as a digital historian and someone who's worked on projects for many years. I'm sure you've encountered this from different perspectives as a P i and as an administrator, etc. U9LyAVEe4RE-00309-00312582-00313530 Daniel Cohen: Yeah, I mean I guess maybe this is a little too simplistic, but I sort of feel like in an era where there can be 1000 co authors are co researchers on an article that comes out of the U9LyAVEe4RE-00310-00313614-00314793 Daniel Cohen: CERN or Large Hadron Collider. I think we can credit eight or 10 all on our digital scholarship program I doesn't seem like we're wasting that many pixels to really U9LyAVEe4RE-00311-00314841-00315387 Daniel Cohen: Let everyone who's been involved in the project share at least a bit in the limelight. I think it's U9LyAVEe4RE-00312-00315420-00316539 Daniel Cohen: Essential for morale and frankly, I just think it's ethically right that if librarian or an archivist or software developer has contributed to the conceptualization or U9LyAVEe4RE-00313-00316581-00317748 Daniel Cohen: Made some really key tweak that enables the the the sort of front end scholarship, the analytical part to be better realized then that person should be credited, and I think it's U9LyAVEe4RE-00314-00317790-00319173 Daniel Cohen: It's healthy for an organization to provide more widespread credit. And also, I think, a way forward for again. The, the true recognition of the role that these groups play across the university. U9LyAVEe4RE-00315-00319284-00319326 Thank you. U9LyAVEe4RE-00316-00319467-00320679 Joan Lippincott: Our next question is one that I'm sure it's on the minds of lots of our participants, where would you advise a library that doesn't yet have a strong central digital scholarship services team or department to start U9LyAVEe4RE-00317-00320772-00322404 Joan Lippincott: What would be the essential supporting positions and skills and note that the library may have some of these things in existence, but they're not coordinated or, or, you know, marketed in that way, would like to start U9LyAVEe4RE-00318-00322596-00322632 Joan Lippincott: Tom U9LyAVEe4RE-00319-00322734-00322908 Thomas Hickerson: So just a quick U9LyAVEe4RE-00320-00323013-00324288 Thomas Hickerson: Comment is to have as as the questioner has has mentioned, is to recognize that while we have to do is provide a constellation. U9LyAVEe4RE-00321-00324378-00326349 Thomas Hickerson: Of services and they must be conveyed in a in a unified fashion but in many cases we already have have many of the strengths. We just need pardon me, we just need to be able to bring them to bear. U9LyAVEe4RE-00322-00326487-00326862 Thomas Hickerson: In a, in a successful and impactful fashion. U9LyAVEe4RE-00323-00326985-00328080 Thomas Hickerson: And one of the things that I found particularly important in doing that is someone who is a coordinator who works between the various U9LyAVEe4RE-00324-00328209-00329850 Thomas Hickerson: Library units, but also interact directly with the researchers researchers don't know how to go from one spot in the library to another spot to another spot. So we need a coordinator to actually give U9LyAVEe4RE-00325-00330012-00330144 Thomas Hickerson: A coherent. U9LyAVEe4RE-00326-00330261-00330462 Thomas Hickerson: Response to the research need U9LyAVEe4RE-00327-00330615-00330657 Thomas Hickerson: Thank you. U9LyAVEe4RE-00328-00330750-00331326 Joan Lippincott: We're going to take one final question, and then I'm going to do a wrap up. The question is, U9LyAVEe4RE-00329-00331494-00332433 Joan Lippincott: Do you cut the baby in half kind of question just prior to the pandemic, we received funding from the provost to renovate space to create a digital scholarship center. U9LyAVEe4RE-00330-00332487-00333732 Joan Lippincott: The design plans for widget had already been put on hold once, but now funding has been paused, but they also need additional staff positions and expertise to implement their programmatic vision. U9LyAVEe4RE-00331-00333771-00334797 Joan Lippincott: Should we continue to advocate for the build out of a digital scholarship center or instead focus on expanding staff expertise as our top funding focus U9LyAVEe4RE-00332-00335004-00335862 Joan Lippincott: So, you know, I don't know this individuals in this institution or do you and I'm sure there are many factors involved, but do you have any advice to provide U9LyAVEe4RE-00333-00336114-00337020 Daniel Cohen: I'll just get a digital scholarship is people, the end of the day it's people much more than space and just back to Tom's point, you know, U9LyAVEe4RE-00334-00337080-00338172 Daniel Cohen: We don't know what the future is going to hold. I mean there been libraries that have built out giant VR centers. I'm not sure that VR is the future. I don't even know what's going to happen in five or 10 years so U9LyAVEe4RE-00335-00338232-00339099 Daniel Cohen: To me, I think the most important thing is to stock your institution with talented people. That is the number one thing to do. U9LyAVEe4RE-00336-00339147-00339741 Daniel Cohen: I think Tom is absolutely right that if you have someone in a sense, do a survey and catalog all those talents that you can U9LyAVEe4RE-00337-00339777-00340803 Daniel Cohen: Provide a menu of services from your existing staff, someone might have a little bit of specialty here or there, you can essentially organically start to build out a digital scholarship group. U9LyAVEe4RE-00338-00340863-00342105 Daniel Cohen: Without renovating a space and hard wiring a whole bunch of things together before you actually have the expertise to really staff it and to pursue the kinds of questions that you'd like to pursue U9LyAVEe4RE-00339-00342222-00343470 Joan Lippincott: And I hope our panelists. Don't mind if I give you the last word there so that I have a little time for the wrap up, and I hope you'll join me in thanking our speakers, if they're able to stay U9LyAVEe4RE-00340-00343518-00344826 Joan Lippincott: We'll continue our discussion of after my wrap up. But thank you so very, very much for your time, your expertise for sharing those viewpoints with us. And now I'm going to U9LyAVEe4RE-00341-00345066-00345291 Joan Lippincott: Do a very brief wrap up. U9LyAVEe4RE-00342-00345672-00346902 Joan Lippincott: And first, I want to say once again thank you so much to our panelists Dan Cohen Tom Hickerson Patricia sway, but also a big thank you to see and I Clifford Lynch. U9LyAVEe4RE-00343-00346974-00348000 Joan Lippincott: Enthusiastically approved the proposal, I made to do this webinar series. And I've received support from Diane Goldenberg-Hart, Jackie Eudell, Sharon Adams. U9LyAVEe4RE-00344-00348024-00349368 Joan Lippincott: Angelo Cruz and Beth Secrist. They're responsible for the website for the registration process for the listserv for getting those videos up and out. So very quickly, and I owe them a lot. So thank you. U9LyAVEe4RE-00345-00349503-00350655 Joan Lippincott: So I want to just reinforce some of the things I've taken away from the series. Some are reinforcing viewpoints already held some has changed my thinking about some things U9LyAVEe4RE-00346-00350700-00352038 Joan Lippincott: But at its heart, I think it's so important to understand that digital scholarship programs, support the core mission of the university in research and learning and in service or community. U9LyAVEe4RE-00347-00352083-00353196 Joan Lippincott: And understanding how to articulate that to administrators and to staff in the library and around the university is critically important, I think, U9LyAVEe4RE-00348-00353298-00353850 Joan Lippincott: And I think it's also important to understand as you're developing a program, whether you're at the beginning. U9LyAVEe4RE-00349-00353886-00354588 Joan Lippincott: Or at a stage where you're expanding your program to think about what kind of program you're developing U9LyAVEe4RE-00350-00354633-00355281 Joan Lippincott: And I would say you might be starting at the service provider role, which is fine and really important U9LyAVEe4RE-00351-00355329-00356463 Joan Lippincott: Most programs really want to become genuine collaborators and at least some of the projects with which they work. But Greg Raschke in our previous session on space and place U9LyAVEe4RE-00352-00356505-00358155 Joan Lippincott: Talked about also the role of the library as expanding the idea of the possible and it's somewhat akin to Tom Hickerson saying a man imagining what you can't even imagine. At this point, and he says it in a much more articulate way. U9LyAVEe4RE-00353-00358218-00359910 Joan Lippincott: But having that expertise and showcasing new forms of scholarship may spark ideas of researchers graduate students and even undergraduates about what's possible in their own discipline and move them into new areas. U9LyAVEe4RE-00354-00360105-00360921 Joan Lippincott: I also think it's continually important for libraries to stress that they are the neutral ground they are the place U9LyAVEe4RE-00355-00360951-00361668 Joan Lippincott: Where interdisciplinary research and projects can flourish when multi disciplinary research can flourish. U9LyAVEe4RE-00356-00361710-00363525 Joan Lippincott: And they provide opportunities for students and faculties in all disciplines disciplines to participate in new forms research learning and communication of research results, regardless of whether they have the funds to be able to do that in their home departments or colleges U9LyAVEe4RE-00357-00363654-00364221 Joan Lippincott: And as we've heard today, and in some of the earlier webinars administrative leadership is key. U9LyAVEe4RE-00358-00364254-00365100 Joan Lippincott: And by this. I'm talking about administrative leadership in the library at the dean and director level and to me. Also, very importantly, if the associate U9LyAVEe4RE-00359-00365130-00366795 Joan Lippincott: university librarian level communicating to staff. What this is about what new forms of research are about and why the library is doing it. There are a lot of people in libraries, who still will say, I don't understand why the library is doing this. U9LyAVEe4RE-00360-00366858-00367401 Joan Lippincott: And then it needs to be communicated in the clear and and U9LyAVEe4RE-00361-00367518-00369072 Joan Lippincott: really impactful statement establishing digital scholarship as a priority for the library clearly doing. So not having it as an add on peripheral service and that it does involve rethinking staff roles. U9LyAVEe4RE-00362-00369225-00370311 Joan Lippincott: We've heard this theme of collaboration throughout the webinar series and at the institutional level, it means having a see that many of the tables, as we talked about today. U9LyAVEe4RE-00363-00370386-00371025 Joan Lippincott: It's particularly important when there's institution wide planning going on for infrastructure. U9LyAVEe4RE-00364-00371082-00372504 Joan Lippincott: And it enables the library, if they're at these tables to see partners for particular projects or particular initiatives to get to know people, both at the administrative level and at the grassroots level. U9LyAVEe4RE-00365-00372624-00373707 Joan Lippincott: And for me, and this is something I don't hear as much about, but as an outsider from I worked in for universities, before I came to see an eye, but now I look at U9LyAVEe4RE-00366-00373740-00375039 Joan Lippincott: University Programs from an outsider's view point and I often wonder how researchers and students have a clue where to go for particular types of help or technology or expertise. U9LyAVEe4RE-00367-00375075-00376071 Joan Lippincott: Because it's usually scattered around campus and there's no coherent view into that suite of services expertise and technologies. U9LyAVEe4RE-00368-00376185-00377496 Joan Lippincott: collaboration within the library is incredibly important. We've heard that today emphasized many times that if there may be a core team of identifiable digital scholarship staff. U9LyAVEe4RE-00369-00377529-00379458 Joan Lippincott: But there needs to be clear roles and responsibilities for staff and all kinds of other areas and there needs to be rewards for that participation that has to be taken into account in annual reviews and in promotion and tenure decisions if that applies in your library. U9LyAVEe4RE-00370-00379620-00380490 Joan Lippincott: Creating a program for your institution that's really a lot of what this series has been about whether you're starting at the early stages or you're U9LyAVEe4RE-00371-00380526-00381684 Joan Lippincott: Rethinking the next stage of your program. I certainly encourage you to start with a needs assessment. How, how extensive it is depends on what you already know about your U9LyAVEe4RE-00372-00381720-00382740 Joan Lippincott: Audience about other partners on campus, etc. But you need to know what are critical areas for institution both institutional priorities and U9LyAVEe4RE-00373-00382800-00384912 Joan Lippincott: where the gaps are in your institution. For example, I know of universities where the geography department has the GIS software, but there's no place on campus where someone in a history can come and get expertise and access to technology for GIS, that kind of thing. It's a gap. U9LyAVEe4RE-00374-00385047-00386511 Joan Lippincott: Importantly, you need to have clear discussions about how you'll address diversity, equity, and inclusion issues throughout the digital scholarship program, both in collections in service in priorities and in U9LyAVEe4RE-00375-00386625-00387723 Joan Lippincott: In public programming, you need to think about what staff are available. How you retrain staff, how you repurpose positions when you're able to fill them. And I know that's a U9LyAVEe4RE-00376-00387759-00389028 Joan Lippincott: Really worrisome area right now with a pandemic and where you should start we had that question and we had a some response to that we might have more discussion at the end if you'd like. U9LyAVEe4RE-00377-00389088-00389907 Joan Lippincott: And then how will you know if you're successful, we do have a lot of assessment at the front end of the program, but very little. U9LyAVEe4RE-00378-00389967-00390867 Joan Lippincott: In mid points and trying to develop some parameters and they don't necessarily need me metrics or numbers. U9LyAVEe4RE-00379-00390903-00392724 Joan Lippincott: But some idea of what constitutes success for your program. I think is really important to have those discussions and then to sit down and say each year. How did we do, we're could we do better. How do we change our priorities and move forward. U9LyAVEe4RE-00380-00392892-00394032 Joan Lippincott: Now space and place while I do agree that having the right staff on board and enough staff is even more important than space and place. I still believe that U9LyAVEe4RE-00381-00394074-00394845 Joan Lippincott: Space and place remained highly desirable as integral parts of programs. And I'm not saying that our panelists disagree with that. U9LyAVEe4RE-00382-00394902-00395763 Joan Lippincott: But most importantly, what we've seen during the pandemic with teaching and learning in particular is students miss community. U9LyAVEe4RE-00383-00395832-00397047 Joan Lippincott: And into digital scholarship so much is done in collaboration and through communities. And yes, there are many virtual digital scholarship communities and that can be part of it. U9LyAVEe4RE-00384-00397098-00398442 Joan Lippincott: But we also know that so much peer learning and collaboration those on in digital scholarship spaces people build upon each other. They spark ideas and they teach each other things. U9LyAVEe4RE-00385-00398517-00400035 Joan Lippincott: In addition, those spaces often become windows often because they literally have glass walls into what libraries offer so they serve as their own public relations and communications about what libraries do today. U9LyAVEe4RE-00386-00400086-00401028 Joan Lippincott: And particularly if they offer exhibits of the products of digital scholarship, both from faculty and students. I think are critically important. U9LyAVEe4RE-00387-00401187-00402681 Joan Lippincott: So I want to remind you that this webinar series has the components of videos that each one of these sessions, along with a brief campus discussion guide of three to five questions per segment. U9LyAVEe4RE-00388-00402717-00403299 Joan Lippincott: And I really love it if you send me examples of how you might use these on your campus. U9LyAVEe4RE-00389-00403338-00404505 Joan Lippincott: To do some planning discussions, you can ask members of your planning group to watch the videos asynchronous honestly and then hold a zoom session or in some of your cases and on U9LyAVEe4RE-00390-00404535-00405885 Joan Lippincott: Campus session where you discuss a particular aspect of the program, whether you do it in sequence, whether you pick or choose it really doesn't matter. But I would really hope that these help you in your own campus planning. U9LyAVEe4RE-00391-00405924-00406329 Joan Lippincott: You need to start thinking, Now I'm sure you already are. U9LyAVEe4RE-00392-00406386-00407697 Joan Lippincott: Thinking about reopening whether it's partial reopening or full reopening I don't need most many of your libraries have some reopening right now but not so many have opened their digital scholarship spaces. U9LyAVEe4RE-00393-00407763-00409269 Joan Lippincott: And use this time when you're partially open or closed to communicate with staff your user community and new and current partners about what you're doing and what you would like to be doing with them. U9LyAVEe4RE-00394-00409392-00410297 Joan Lippincott: So that's really what I wanted to cover as my wrap up. I'd like you to please complete an evaluation form. I'll send you a link U9LyAVEe4RE-00395-00410328-00411204 Joan Lippincott: To the evaluation form in an email this week. It doesn't matter if you've only come to one session or several or all of them. I would really appreciate U9LyAVEe4RE-00396-00411243-00412097 Joan Lippincott: If you would complete the form also see an eye is looking to that evaluation to see where they might go for future programs. U9LyAVEe4RE-00397-00412137-00413493 Joan Lippincott: And please feel free to email me your comments and suggestions. But most of all, I thank all the presenters our wonderful panelists today as well as presenters from our previous sessions. U9LyAVEe4RE-00398-00413529-00415835 Joan Lippincott: And a big, big thank you to all of our participants. So I'm going to stop my screen share and then move back to the discussion. I see we're beyond time of at this point. But if you have further questions, I'll try to feed them to our panelists and once again I thank you very much! UuO7B14W9fI-00000-00000359-00002186 For over 50 years chemists have been doing organic UuO7B14W9fI-00001-00002186-00002585 synthesis in fundamentally the same way. UuO7B14W9fI-00002-00002585-00002930 Running reactions with cumbersome oil and ice baths or UuO7B14W9fI-00003-00002930-00003907 bulky cryostats make the process labour intensive, error-prone and sometimes dangerous. UuO7B14W9fI-00004-00003907-00004480 Today’s business environment is driving the need for UuO7B14W9fI-00005-00004480-00004809 cost-competitive R&D. UuO7B14W9fI-00006-00004809-00005072 Making timely, correct decisions is important to UuO7B14W9fI-00007-00005072-00005400 complete projects faster and to bring new products to UuO7B14W9fI-00008-00005400-00005949 the market first. UuO7B14W9fI-00009-00005949-00006653 METTLER TOLEDO’s synthesis workstation OptiMax redefines the way organic chemists do synthesis UuO7B14W9fI-00010-00006653-00007018 and takes R&D productivity to a level previously UuO7B14W9fI-00011-00007018-00007413 unobtainable. UuO7B14W9fI-00012-00007413-00007795 OptiMax doesn’t need an ice bath, a heating mantle or a UuO7B14W9fI-00013-00007795-00008059 cryostat. UuO7B14W9fI-00014-00008059-00008374 It is easy to operate and allows chemists to run UuO7B14W9fI-00015-00008374-00008889 reactions from -40 to 180 degrees Celsius in a variety UuO7B14W9fI-00016-00008889-00009311 of different reactors from 250 milliliters to one UuO7B14W9fI-00017-00009311-00009804 liter. UuO7B14W9fI-00018-00009804-00010129 OptiMax is operated with a smart, intuitive touch UuO7B14W9fI-00019-00010129-00010556 screen making training unnecessary. UuO7B14W9fI-00020-00010556-00011048 Setting temperature or stirring speed is simple. UuO7B14W9fI-00021-00011048-00011373 Thanks to the large, illuminated window the chemist can UuO7B14W9fI-00022-00011373-00011771 observe changes in the reaction at any time. UuO7B14W9fI-00023-00011771-00012157 Detailed experiment information is stored and displayed UuO7B14W9fI-00024-00012157-00012809 as the experiment proceeds. UuO7B14W9fI-00025-00012809-00013254 OptiMax makes night time productive too. UuO7B14W9fI-00026-00013254-00013522 Experiments can be programmed for completion safely UuO7B14W9fI-00027-00013522-00013868 around the clock and data logging ensures that nothing UuO7B14W9fI-00028-00013868-00014538 is missed. UuO7B14W9fI-00029-00014538-00014734 OptiMax is reliable. UuO7B14W9fI-00030-00014734-00015209 It provides accurate, reproducible and information rich UuO7B14W9fI-00031-00015209-00015562 data. UuO7B14W9fI-00032-00015562-00015841 Experiments and results become traceable enabling the UuO7B14W9fI-00033-00015841-00016266 development of safe, scalable, and robust processes UuO7B14W9fI-00034-00016266-00016979 while reducing the number of experiments required. UuO7B14W9fI-00035-00016979-00017270 OptiMax is part of METTLER TOLEDO’s platform of UuO7B14W9fI-00036-00017270-00017669 synthesis workstations; developed by chemists for UuO7B14W9fI-00037-00017669-00019057 chemists. UuO7B14W9fI-00038-00019057-00019317 OptiMax – A Brand New Day UAwe_UEDw1Y-00000-00000000-00000200 Candice Lerae Female WWE 2K22 UAASMhUthG0-00000-00000000-00000051 Audrey Tang: Yes. UAASMhUthG0-00001-00000143-00000234 Martin Broz: No, it has to do UAASMhUthG0-00002-00000333-00000429 Audrey Tang: With me afterward. UAASMhUthG0-00003-00000488-00000677 Martin Broz: Okay, that sounds great. All right. Very good. UAASMhUthG0-00004-00000783-00001778 Martin Broz: Wonderful. Let me go back to my notes. Just to quickly see what I prepared. Wonderful. So I typically start with the role of the person that I'm talking to. So I'd love to better understand what UAASMhUthG0-00005-00001811-00002997 Martin Broz: I know what your role is, I know where you work, and what you do, but it will also help me understand what your goals are and what is it that you're trying to achieve, to see if there's anything we can do for you basically embedded support you. UAASMhUthG0-00006-00003474-00003564 Martin Broz: Can you hear me. UAASMhUthG0-00007-00003918-00004011 Martin Broz: I think I've lost you. UAASMhUthG0-00008-00005463-00005862 Audrey Tang: Very interestingly soon as you started recording. I lost your voice. UAASMhUthG0-00009-00005952-00005994 Martin Broz: Oh, UAASMhUthG0-00010-00006000-00006129 Martin Broz: Can you, can you hear me now. UAASMhUthG0-00011-00006171-00006483 Audrey Tang: Yeah, I can hear you now it seems UAASMhUthG0-00012-00006993-00007145 Martin Broz: Now, now I can't hear you. UAASMhUthG0-00013-00007559-00007709 Martin Broz: No, not anymore. UAASMhUthG0-00014-00007926-00008817 Audrey Tang: Right, it seems that it just means me randomly. So I'll just have to keep pressing space from time to time, but I think it's okay. UAASMhUthG0-00015-00008916-00009150 Martin Broz: Oh, sorry about that. Yeah, I can hear you now. Yeah. UAASMhUthG0-00016-00009186-00009447 Audrey Tang: So, so let's get started. Sorry. So please UAASMhUthG0-00017-00009450-00010542 Martin Broz: Yes. So my first question is, what what your role is basically, I'd love to learn more about what you're doing, how you do it. And perhaps what your goals are, what is it that you're trying to achieve in general. UAASMhUthG0-00018-00010905-00011016 Martin Broz: Can you brush space now. UAASMhUthG0-00019-00011352-00012669 Audrey Tang: Yes. So yeah, I'm the additional minister of the Taiwan's cabinet and my main role is three things I work on open government, which means that people can start a petition. UAASMhUthG0-00020-00012705-00013716 Audrey Tang: And in the petition, they can summon me anywhere with 5000 signatures. And when we do that, we always use slider to make sure that people joining in the upstream UAASMhUthG0-00021-00013758-00015168 Audrey Tang: Which we always have a slight oh QR code that they can dial in to have a conversation or people in the same room, but because of asymmetry of power would prefer to speak pseudonymous Lee. These are the two main UAASMhUthG0-00022-00015243-00016035 Audrey Tang: Kind of constituents using slider in our open government work. So that's my first portfolio. My second portfolio is called social innovation. UAASMhUthG0-00023-00016065-00017211 Audrey Tang: In this role, I tour around Taiwan, for example, today I just returned from the Shinto County and I lived there for eight entire day or even for a day before two days before UAASMhUthG0-00024-00017256-00018642 Audrey Tang: To learn about a local issues. And then I connect with five municipalities and 12 central government section chiefs or higher using zoom. And so in a zoom is like a fish ball, I'm in the one UAASMhUthG0-00025-00018726-00019374 Audrey Tang: Meeting Room where the people are already used to meet in their local town hall and different municipalities just join UAASMhUthG0-00026-00019410-00020442 Audrey Tang: Through zoom so they can solve the issue together and brainstorm and absorb their risk because if people there are upset you know you can't hit people or resume. I'm the only one in the vicinity UAASMhUthG0-00027-00020469-00021102 Audrey Tang: And share the credit because they can see the central government people solving their problems in real time and for UAASMhUthG0-00028-00021639-00021714 Audrey Tang: Solid is UAASMhUthG0-00029-00022188-00024264 Audrey Tang: Is not broadcast it, meaning that whenever people have a input, it must be from somebody in the same room, but on the other hand, because these are people with less digital seven is sometimes they need a people's assistance, for example, someone will turn to your handwriting or UAASMhUthG0-00030-00024564-00025296 Audrey Tang: Into input from some and it's use that way and the other way is because there's five different municipalities. UAASMhUthG0-00031-00025683-00026406 Audrey Tang: And there really is no way for people to raise their hand and for me to notice. And so they usually use slider as a way to kind of flag. UAASMhUthG0-00032-00026469-00027924 Audrey Tang: Their concerns and we always say that people's responses through slider especially URLs, which is very difficult to say and and be heard correctly across five different places, they basically replace the zoom chattering. And so we UAASMhUthG0-00033-00028305-00028998 Audrey Tang: The recent question part of zoom of psycho to make sure that the newest ideas are always UAASMhUthG0-00034-00029033-00030444 Audrey Tang: Read in real time. And so that is as opposed to the Open Government a row where we sometimes just don't show the latest questions. So that's the second one. It's not live streamed. And it's basically used as a alternative tourism CHATTERING UAASMhUthG0-00035-00030624-00030687 Martin Broz: Understand UAASMhUthG0-00036-00030717-00031605 Audrey Tang: Interesting and finally understood the role which is used innovation. We also use slider for internal meetings, so to say there's no UAASMhUthG0-00037-00031670-00033060 Audrey Tang: External constituents, but because there is still power imbalance in the room between the minister and their young reverse mentors was still uses slider and we sometimes also use it for voting. UAASMhUthG0-00038-00033108-00033879 Audrey Tang: And devoting part I understand it's not today's idea. And so I would just say that I also have some feature requests are voting that I will table. UAASMhUthG0-00039-00033993-00034335 Martin Broz: Of course of course I'll surely. We'll get to that. I'm sure I've done UAASMhUthG0-00040-00034491-00035856 Martin Broz: Very good. Thank you so much for walking me through the different types of sessions were cited as utilized I in regards to to those public sessions where people attended. It's a public meeting, I assume. UAASMhUthG0-00041-00035964-00036348 Martin Broz: Who are these people exactly RBS constituents, I believe. UAASMhUthG0-00042-00036441-00038940 Audrey Tang: So because we're at a national level, we answered to the collaborative meetings that are the agenda is set by anybody was that can collect more than 5000 signatures. And so there's a like the way the people platform that those petition platforms and I include here the website that describe UAASMhUthG0-00043-00039633-00039669 Audrey Tang: Who are UAASMhUthG0-00044-00039936-00041037 Audrey Tang: Enough about one particular social or environmental issue, Dad. They petition online and on the preset time dial in to the live stream or come to the face to face meeting. UAASMhUthG0-00045-00041157-00041478 Martin Broz: Right, thank you. I've just open the link just to make sure it's saved. UAASMhUthG0-00046-00041586-00042258 Martin Broz: Understand, I noticed that the format of the session is typically the same for these meetings that you actually have the iPad in front of you. UAASMhUthG0-00047-00042297-00043212 Martin Broz: And you switch between slide. Oh, and other materials that you've prepared for the session is this always how it works, or do you do alternate with some other style. UAASMhUthG0-00048-00043311-00044586 Audrey Tang: So in venues was two projectors. Sometimes we project one with slider and one was the the live slides, but that is where I would say in 90% of cases is switching UAASMhUthG0-00049-00044691-00045591 Martin Broz: Right. And do you always drive the conversation by using slide. Oh. Is it always like that that you simply start off with questions from whoever is in the audience. UAASMhUthG0-00050-00045633-00046020 Martin Broz: And then as you go through the questions you also kind of pulling different content and UAASMhUthG0-00051-00046104-00046962 Martin Broz: I'm assuming you're explaining or providing answers also through the content that you've prepared as you're responding to different questions. That was my assumption, maybe you can correct me if I'm wrong. UAASMhUthG0-00052-00046992-00047646 Audrey Tang: Okay, right. So, so you're talking about actually not the public meetings, by my lectures. UAASMhUthG0-00053-00047655-00049854 Audrey Tang: Oh, oh pitches in my really numb ministry or facility because I'm bringing only myself to the table and I'm answering like this. Ask me anything for it. So if you see I show a slider at the very beginning, without any informative material that's one of those asked me anything vectrix UAASMhUthG0-00054-00049884-00050886 Audrey Tang: And so, and for that you're correct that I usually just explain how slider wigs maybe begin with a five minutes introduction, but then it's all driven UAASMhUthG0-00055-00051036-00051612 Martin Broz: Right then, I have to admit, I think I saw the lecture this this afternoon. It wasn't one of the public meetings. UAASMhUthG0-00056-00051615-00052473 Martin Broz: Okay, so can you. Cool. So can you perhaps also explain how how exactly are, what your setup is for those public meetings that will be helpful. UAASMhUthG0-00057-00052505-00054591 Audrey Tang: Right. So for the public meetings, I think it will be really good if we can look at a actual live stream meeting. So we have some understanding of what's going on for the for the public meetings. I'm going to share one of the more recent ones. Just a second. UAASMhUthG0-00058-00054762-00055407 Audrey Tang: Right, this one. So it's the most recent years, many you will see the title says the 50 as one UAASMhUthG0-00059-00055521-00056298 Audrey Tang: Yes, and from the very beginning, you can see that part of the live stream is Slidell UAASMhUthG0-00060-00056382-00056637 Martin Broz: I can see that on the left hand side, right. UAASMhUthG0-00061-00057174-00057246 Yes. UAASMhUthG0-00062-00057873-00057927 Yes. UAASMhUthG0-00063-00058089-00058134 Audrey Tang: Okay. UAASMhUthG0-00064-00058149-00059253 Martin Broz: So it's, yeah. So it's live stream. So there are people physically in the audience, but also people joining online and they can see this one I'm looking at right now. Basically, so they can see slow questions on the left hand side. UAASMhUthG0-00065-00059322-00059694 Audrey Tang: Yes. So what I was describing is that people in the room. UAASMhUthG0-00066-00059940-00060672 Audrey Tang: Sees only one projector and then necessarily flip over the presentation and slide. Oh. UAASMhUthG0-00067-00061053-00062141 Audrey Tang: As you can see on the left side. But if you see the live stream, then you'll always have the view of both slider and presentation because open broadcast is being said UAASMhUthG0-00068-00062316-00063636 Martin Broz: Yes, if you know if you compare your public lectures and these public meetings where do you feel Slidell is working better or maybe it's working well in both scenarios. I'm just wondering what your kind of interaction is and how it's utilized UAASMhUthG0-00069-00063866-00064878 Audrey Tang: So I'm beginning to think if I can dial into zoom using my other laptop. Okay, will have less voice problems, but please don't UAASMhUthG0-00070-00064892-00065658 Audrey Tang: Disconnect I will see if I can have a voice coming in from one, but the screen coming from the other UAASMhUthG0-00071-00065679-00066375 Martin Broz: Okay, okay, this should work. Thank you. Thank you for flexibility. I appreciate it. No problem. UAASMhUthG0-00072-00066417-00066618 Audrey Tang: And so UAASMhUthG0-00073-00066942-00067041 Tang Audrey: Okay. UAASMhUthG0-00074-00067143-00067206 Tang Audrey: I believe UAASMhUthG0-00075-00067308-00067392 This is working. UAASMhUthG0-00076-00067539-00067614 Martin Broz: Yes. UAASMhUthG0-00077-00067704-00067743 Okay. UAASMhUthG0-00078-00067848-00067920 Martin Broz: Very good. UAASMhUthG0-00079-00068037-00068172 Tang Audrey: So let me just continue them. UAASMhUthG0-00080-00068325-00069450 Tang Audrey: Okay, right. So the point here is twofold. One is that the my public lecture literally only existed because of slider. UAASMhUthG0-00081-00069651-00070845 Tang Audrey: I had no other public lecture styles before. And so that was entirely structured around slider. So it's kind of meaningless to ask whether it works. UAASMhUthG0-00082-00070917-00071964 Tang Audrey: Well, or not. Because for your new feature I changed my public lecture style. It used to be dead I handcrafted those artists and know QR codes. UAASMhUthG0-00083-00072003-00073611 Tang Audrey: But now you've made it into a core feature. And so I don't want to do that anymore and so on and so I would say that my probably lecture will evolve was like it's a little bit less to to ask whether it makes it good or not because was outside. I wouldn't accept us obligations. UAASMhUthG0-00084-00073635-00073770 Martin Broz: And so since the thing UAASMhUthG0-00085-00073800-00074487 Tang Audrey: And for the open meetings I think slideshow work. Okay, it's certainly better than the YouTube UAASMhUthG0-00086-00074535-00075171 Tang Audrey: Chat rates for obvious reasons, because you can highlight and you can upload and there's UAASMhUthG0-00087-00075210-00076497 Tang Audrey: No like paid advertisements or something like that that you can pay a few dollars to have your comments, put on top. We really don't need that feature and things like that. Yeah. So, so it's a much more pure UAASMhUthG0-00088-00076587-00077673 Tang Audrey: Relationship and it also keeps people in the same room, something to do, because otherwise they just flip their phones but now we use their phones as part of the other meeting and because I've been UAASMhUthG0-00089-00077697-00078789 Tang Audrey: A really long day or five hours. And so you'll get distracted quite easily as slideshows certainly moves away when of the main source of destruction and I thank you for that. UAASMhUthG0-00090-00078987-00079269 Martin Broz: Now, thank you for using it. So unless it's really nice to hear UAASMhUthG0-00091-00079374-00079860 Martin Broz: Now that you've mentioned questions, a couple times. I do have a few there that I like to ask you about UAASMhUthG0-00092-00079869-00081063 Martin Broz: Us. So regardless of maybe we can focus on those public meetings because those take four hours. So the number of questions might be higher, and also the nature of the questions might be different. Yes. Um, UAASMhUthG0-00093-00081120-00081999 Martin Broz: When you receive those questions. How do you prioritize which questions you take for a second and third, I know we have the popularity order. So I guess that's the default state. UAASMhUthG0-00094-00082068-00082965 Martin Broz: What I may be suggesting is that it's not the ideal way of prioritization. And I'm wondering if you have any other way of picking questions that you want to answer. First, if that makes sense. UAASMhUthG0-00095-00082998-00083751 Tang Audrey: Yes. So we tried quite a few ways we tried doing timestamp order which is disaster and UAASMhUthG0-00096-00083868-00085068 Tang Audrey: I mean, it's a real chance room, of course, but then people get distracted too easily menial jobs, it's, it's almost impossible to stop the influx of comments and those. Okay. UAASMhUthG0-00097-00085173-00086610 Tang Audrey: We tried the idea of holding everything in moderation. But again, the moderator is very busy and and people will actually stop using their phones for a slight though. UAASMhUthG0-00098-00086661-00087774 Tang Audrey: If they have to wait for too long for it to be approved for obvious reasons. Yeah, so right so so we are settling on the upload for now. UAASMhUthG0-00099-00087822-00088554 Tang Audrey: But we also use the built in features that is highlighting sorry and so on as a kind of internal order. UAASMhUthG0-00100-00088602-00090069 Tang Audrey: But I would certainly say that it's not ideal, and people figure out very quickly. They can use Private Browsing to push whatever to the top, just by opening a lot of cider windows. I don't know whether it is still the case but we consistently didn't UAASMhUthG0-00101-00090324-00090705 Martin Broz: Sorry, can you repeat the last last three words that you said I UAASMhUthG0-00102-00090747-00091290 Tang Audrey: Broke. I will definitely get people who game the system using Private Browsing UAASMhUthG0-00103-00091347-00091941 Tang Audrey: Okay, arbitrary number of likes. Maybe something only they care about is it UAASMhUthG0-00104-00092217-00092256 Tang Audrey: Strongly UAASMhUthG0-00105-00092376-00092415 Tang Audrey: Yeah. UAASMhUthG0-00106-00092481-00093315 Martin Broz: What made you consider not using the or not using the default ordering by popularity UAASMhUthG0-00107-00093522-00094098 Tang Audrey: As I said three reasons. The first one is that sometime it's being gamed UAASMhUthG0-00108-00094203-00094371 Martin Broz: So, okay, okay. Sorry, I UAASMhUthG0-00109-00094374-00094467 Martin Broz: didn't connect the dots. Sorry. UAASMhUthG0-00110-00094503-00095655 Tang Audrey: So, so like using using Private Browsing you can get him it. So that's the first reason. I think that's the main reason and the second is that sometimes the volume is so much UAASMhUthG0-00111-00095700-00096339 Tang Audrey: That people cannot easily using like in a constructive fashion. And so they become UAASMhUthG0-00112-00096390-00097281 Tang Audrey: less predictable than timestamp order, but don't have the same moderation power. Anyway, so that's the second reason sometimes. And the third reason UAASMhUthG0-00113-00097335-00098313 Tang Audrey: Is that sometimes because of the volume we thought pre moderation would be a good idea, but it turns out it's not so and for English UAASMhUthG0-00114-00098376-00099579 Tang Audrey: Lectures that I give I found that the question only is a really good compromise. I don't have to moderate that much and people who are simply dropping into share a image your URL. UAASMhUthG0-00115-00099657-00101028 Tang Audrey: Is discouraged. To do so, which is excellent. But at the moment, it's not for Chinese traditional not from entry. And so our open meetings. I'm entering. So we have been using that for that. UAASMhUthG0-00116-00101127-00101358 Martin Broz: Ok, ok, I understand, um, UAASMhUthG0-00117-00101478-00103014 Martin Broz: This is quite interesting. Um, so to better understand what the like what you what happens there. Have you ever been in a situation that you looked at the screen or on your iPad and you thought like these four questions are great, but I wish we had better questions. UAASMhUthG0-00118-00103182-00103728 Martin Broz: Meaning that you were hoping that the the questions could be could have much higher quality, if that makes sense. UAASMhUthG0-00119-00103821-00105048 Tang Audrey: Yeah, I see what you're saying. But in in open collaboration meetings. Um, what what concerns me is not the quality of the top questions, but rather the volume. UAASMhUthG0-00120-00105144-00106569 Tang Audrey: Inevitably, when the volume is moderate like people are watching live stream 5000 people are watching, but they understand that this is for agenda setting. So they only inputs unique points that are not already raised by other people. UAASMhUthG0-00121-00106632-00108081 Tang Audrey: If they do that, then there really is no low quality, even though people as questions that are very basic. We're happy to answer them. The problem is flood control is people making the same points just in different words. UAASMhUthG0-00122-00108357-00108465 Martin Broz: Understand and how UAASMhUthG0-00123-00108573-00109752 Martin Broz: And interesting. How are you, how are you solving this problem right now, apart from popularity because you can allow a forward. So you get the best ones on top. So I guess that's the way of approaching the problem that this is the way voiceover UAASMhUthG0-00124-00109755-00110877 Tang Audrey: Yes, yes. So currently it's a combination of disabling the recent question and allowing for 240 instead of 180 UAASMhUthG0-00125-00110949-00112473 Tang Audrey: Comments. So we reward well longer comments this way and sometimes just do a manual highlighting or even menu of voting to gets the quality ones on top. So that's what we're coping with phase is not ideal. UAASMhUthG0-00126-00112563-00113370 Martin Broz: Okay, so if you want to highlight a good question. That is not in the top four, you have to kind of scroll down and find a question that makes sense is that UAASMhUthG0-00127-00113430-00113538 Martin Broz: Know what we UAASMhUthG0-00128-00113571-00115692 Tang Audrey: Currently, well, we will do is to use another device and just arbitrarily up voted, which is what I sometimes do or if I just don't have to the time to do that then we just arbitrarily a press highlight in the admin interface from another device. UAASMhUthG0-00129-00115736-00115845 Martin Broz: Saying that we want this. UAASMhUthG0-00130-00115845-00115995 Tang Audrey: Is this one. Yeah. UAASMhUthG0-00131-00116033-00116424 Martin Broz: All right. Okay. And, okay, interesting in very interesting UAASMhUthG0-00132-00116526-00117717 Martin Broz: And what is typical. The reason for you to find that like to look for that question. I'm trying to understand that if someone's presenting and and and you want to take questions that presenter is probably not going to know UAASMhUthG0-00133-00117884-00118065 Martin Broz: I'm trying to understand, like, how do you get UAASMhUthG0-00134-00118071-00118215 Martin Broz: A question that you've been highlight UAASMhUthG0-00135-00118221-00119652 Tang Audrey: How does the, the idea here is, is not what you're so there's no single speaker in the open collaboration meeting people can raise their hand and become speakers, essentially, so UAASMhUthG0-00136-00119655-00119858 Tang Audrey: Single more deliberative meeting. UAASMhUthG0-00137-00119892-00120003 Martin Broz: And what we're saying, okay, is UAASMhUthG0-00138-00120003-00120432 Tang Audrey: That people in the live stream. Obviously, they cannot raise their hand. UAASMhUthG0-00139-00120477-00121653 Tang Audrey: Yes, but they can raise their point and we want a point to be taken as post it notes if you see the YouTube Live stream, you will see a lot of post it notes around a UAASMhUthG0-00140-00121704-00122892 Tang Audrey: Lot later house like if you scroll to, I don't know, two hours or later you will see a lot of post it notes being posted on three groups. UAASMhUthG0-00141-00123120-00123288 Martin Broz: Now, yes, I can see them. UAASMhUthG0-00142-00123294-00124227 Tang Audrey: And so we want what we want to do is that we want to raise the unique points that's not raised by the people in the room as post it notes. UAASMhUthG0-00143-00124275-00125370 Tang Audrey: To those physical boards so that people can collectively. Think about those key questions. And so this is not a question to a speaker in the usual sense, but rather UAASMhUthG0-00144-00125424-00125694 Tang Audrey: To be talking about in a group dynamic UAASMhUthG0-00145-00125810-00126603 Martin Broz: All I understand that. Yes. I also notice that you kind of included a link to one of the collaboration applications Mayra calm. UAASMhUthG0-00146-00126683-00127173 Tang Audrey: That's right, that's right. Yes, yes. But people can eat right on my arrow, obviously. UAASMhUthG0-00147-00127194-00128331 Tang Audrey: It's not designed about inputs. So we take ragging. On slide. Oh, and hand carry the pertinent questions by reading them aloud and moving them tomorrow. UAASMhUthG0-00148-00128478-00128810 Martin Broz: All right. Interesting. All this is fascinating. UAASMhUthG0-00149-00128973-00129030 Tang Audrey: Yeah, and UAASMhUthG0-00150-00129153-00129543 Tang Audrey: It's a bit of between question and ideation. Yeah. UAASMhUthG0-00151-00129594-00130314 Tang Audrey: So, but it's not really ideas because they are in its format questions, but we want to treat them as kind of UAASMhUthG0-00152-00130440-00131109 Tang Audrey: Opening questions with no fixed on. So for people to brainstorm and in that sense, a little bit and I ideas. UAASMhUthG0-00153-00131193-00131610 Martin Broz: Yes. Do you feel like the questions feature is serving this purpose. Well, UAASMhUthG0-00154-00131715-00132165 Tang Audrey: No, as I said, but but it's better than the ideas or oppose feature. UAASMhUthG0-00155-00132267-00132618 Tang Audrey: And so that's what we're working with. Obviously. Yeah, yeah. UAASMhUthG0-00156-00132624-00133200 Martin Broz: I understand I'm sent. Have you used one of our features which is called labels. I'm just curious if you've heard of that. UAASMhUthG0-00157-00133230-00133740 Tang Audrey: I'VE SEEN I'VE SEEN labels and I really haven't tried it. UAASMhUthG0-00158-00133962-00134271 Martin Broz: Okay, fair enough. I was just wanting my ideas that I had UAASMhUthG0-00159-00134358-00134634 Tang Audrey: I saw, I saw it only because it was translating it UAASMhUthG0-00160-00134676-00135480 Tang Audrey: But I haven't had occasion to use it for sorting it would be nice if just by labeling it, it automatically UAASMhUthG0-00161-00135558-00136824 Tang Audrey: You know you can switch between labels in a question view or it's labeled questions become my arrow cards automatically using an API. Those are obviously things that will help, but I haven't really used labels. UAASMhUthG0-00162-00136845-00136968 Tang Audrey: So yeah, as a UAASMhUthG0-00163-00136974-00138348 Martin Broz: Useful. Yeah, now it's all right. So the API think is not available, but you can definitely label questions and then display only those labeled questions. Let's say for the participants, whoever is in the collaboration, so that you can achieve with labels. UAASMhUthG0-00164-00138468-00139059 Tang Audrey: Yeah, okay. But there was a it's language agnostic, right, I mean I can use it now. UAASMhUthG0-00165-00139176-00139218 Martin Broz: Yes. UAASMhUthG0-00166-00139260-00139371 Tang Audrey: Okay, cool. UAASMhUthG0-00167-00139665-00140589 Martin Broz: Wonderful. Let me go back to my notes. Real quick, thank you for explaining the session. Thank you for patiently. I wasn't, I didn't always understand. So thank you for explaining UAASMhUthG0-00168-00140598-00140766 Tang Audrey: And. No problem. No problem. And UAASMhUthG0-00169-00140784-00141141 Tang Audrey: Labels look interesting. Can I multi label a question. UAASMhUthG0-00170-00141291-00141426 Martin Broz: Sorry, can you repeat the question. UAASMhUthG0-00171-00141471-00141774 Tang Audrey: Can I assign a question multiple loud labels. UAASMhUthG0-00172-00141804-00141918 Martin Broz: Yes, you can do that. Yeah. UAASMhUthG0-00173-00142017-00142338 Tang Audrey: Oh, excellent. So, so maybe I'll try it next time. UAASMhUthG0-00174-00142479-00142641 Martin Broz: Wonderful. I'm UAASMhUthG0-00175-00142836-00142887 Martin Broz: So, UAASMhUthG0-00176-00143031-00143616 Martin Broz: I'm wondering which kind of which session, we should talk about now in regards to this question I have, but maybe you can choose UAASMhUthG0-00177-00143760-00144015 Martin Broz: What happens to the questions after the meeting. UAASMhUthG0-00178-00144147-00144318 Martin Broz: My assumption is, again, that UAASMhUthG0-00179-00144423-00145209 Martin Broz: Maybe during the four hour five hour meeting, you're able to answer the questions and also categorizing properly and do everything that you're supposed to do with the questions. UAASMhUthG0-00180-00145251-00146550 Martin Broz: By a can imagine that in some sessions. There's not enough time for the questions. But again, I might be wrong. So what happens to the questions that you either don't manage to answer or even to those questions that you managed to answer. Is there any post processing to the questions. UAASMhUthG0-00181-00146613-00146748 Martin Broz: Just curious about the post event. UAASMhUthG0-00182-00146748-00148668 Tang Audrey: Part. Yes. So at the moment, we do two things. First, that we are using my role in those micro moderated meetings we manually go over the slider questions and unique you find them and move them into a area assorted side or questions. UAASMhUthG0-00183-00148869-00149946 Tang Audrey: Whether there is there or not and and it's just for for bookkeeping, but also important because people will know later when they get this beautifully printed UAASMhUthG0-00184-00149988-00150807 Tang Audrey: PDF or they don't stay just looking online. There was see that there's light of questions. Are they are, after all, so it's mostly just for accountability. UAASMhUthG0-00185-00150876-00152406 Tang Audrey: Or I do Excel export and I just write a small pro program that translates those spreadsheets into markdown so that it can be appended to the end of the transcript. UAASMhUthG0-00186-00152478-00153486 Tang Audrey: Again, the end of transcript because we allow for 10 working days for everybody to edit over. It's something that can be answered asynchronously. UAASMhUthG0-00187-00153540-00155217 Tang Audrey: Can then be taken care of, just by editing and moving to dance part of the transcript and I understand this is very abstract. So I'm going to paste you example because even I, myself, wouldn't understand what I'm saying. UAASMhUthG0-00188-00155517-00155910 Tang Audrey: Right, so, so here is is how it looks like. UAASMhUthG0-00189-00156063-00156645 Tang Audrey: Right here you can you can see the zoom questions. UAASMhUthG0-00190-00156798-00157416 Martin Broz: I can see I can see the latest link that I can see all now it's arrived. Sorry. UAASMhUthG0-00191-00157428-00157491 Martin Broz: Okay, I've got it. UAASMhUthG0-00192-00157575-00158856 Tang Audrey: Right. So as you can see, this is a huge transcript was huge amount of meeting. And if you scroll up a little bit. You will see that I'd be clear, the end of the meeting, which is here. UAASMhUthG0-00193-00158994-00159639 Tang Audrey: But then after that you will see a few speakers with the name slide or comment. UAASMhUthG0-00194-00159801-00159846 Martin Broz: Yes. UAASMhUthG0-00195-00159936-00161277 Tang Audrey: Right, so whatever has transpired before is a open meeting in social innovation portfolio and what's after this line is the slider question initially an instant. UAASMhUthG0-00196-00161322-00162462 Tang Audrey: But then various ministries may after the fake fact take 10 working days to get a written as the and we publish it together with the transcript. So that's the other way of handling this UAASMhUthG0-00197-00162591-00163263 Martin Broz: This is fascinating. So when I click on link and context that takes me to be original question or a comment that was made. UAASMhUthG0-00198-00163269-00165294 Tang Audrey: Right. Is that right, yes. Exactly, yes. Okay. Okay. And then it's right so it's also tracked from the transcript because we're first we're working on the technology to generate my arrow ish my map from the, from the transcript itself, but UAASMhUthG0-00199-00165438-00165699 Tang Audrey: Something else is this one. UAASMhUthG0-00200-00165804-00166545 Tang Audrey: If you open it. I think it's bilingual in this interface. You can switch on the right, top corner. UAASMhUthG0-00201-00166590-00168411 Tang Audrey: Is not going to help you a lot because the person themselves are in Chinese by, I guess you can Google translator, but then obviously the questions that are answered will be moved into the soul category here as well as though people who have as those questions can track it afterwards. UAASMhUthG0-00202-00168543-00168936 Martin Broz: Yes, and you build this your build this yourself, he said, is that right UAASMhUthG0-00203-00168963-00169215 Tang Audrey: No, it was a contractor, but yes. Okay. UAASMhUthG0-00204-00169281-00169323 All this UAASMhUthG0-00205-00169527-00170007 Tang Audrey: Good. This is slider really using it in a cross Ministry of governance contexts. UAASMhUthG0-00206-00170064-00170118 Yes. UAASMhUthG0-00207-00170475-00171111 Martin Broz: I think you build better reporting features. Then we offer to be honest with you. This is much better than we have currently UAASMhUthG0-00208-00171186-00171306 Tang Audrey: Okay, I'm happy to UAASMhUthG0-00209-00171726-00171843 Martin Broz: Say we will have to do that. UAASMhUthG0-00210-00171993-00172326 Martin Broz: This is very good, thank you for sharing this with me. This is really interesting. UAASMhUthG0-00211-00172515-00172575 Martin Broz: Interesting. UAASMhUthG0-00212-00172680-00172710 Martin Broz: So, UAASMhUthG0-00213-00172875-00173913 Martin Broz: Just to summarize, there are two primary kind of reasons why I do this it's accountability, but it's also making sure that people who attended the meeting or even those who didn't attend the meeting can actually read through the questions and comments. UAASMhUthG0-00214-00174012-00174552 Martin Broz: To understand what decisions were made, perhaps if. Yeah. It's like this is in a nutshell. UAASMhUthG0-00215-00174681-00174903 Martin Broz: Is this helping you make decisions to UAASMhUthG0-00216-00174909-00174945 Tang Audrey: This UAASMhUthG0-00217-00175008-00175086 Martin Broz: On a certain level. UAASMhUthG0-00218-00175104-00175269 Tang Audrey: Yeah, certainly. Yeah, because UAASMhUthG0-00219-00175386-00177279 Tang Audrey: I can always use full text search to find out whether it's some question is frequently asked, and not only myself but people can proactively find it because see it. And as I platform are very discoverable certainly more so in SEO sense than individual slider questions. UAASMhUthG0-00220-00177435-00177981 Tang Audrey: And so people can just do search engine and find their questions previously asked and UAASMhUthG0-00221-00178002-00179043 Tang Audrey: As a deeper question next time instead of studying from from scratch, right. So that's the main game. The other game is that because we make sure that all the relevant ministries UAASMhUthG0-00222-00179085-00179625 Tang Audrey: Go through the transcript because they don't want to publish anything on tour address. So they have to check it anyway. UAASMhUthG0-00223-00179652-00180225 Tang Audrey: And so it makes sure that anything is read twice close by the people sent by the ministry to the open meeting. UAASMhUthG0-00224-00180249-00181563 Tang Audrey: But also by the people working at desk or even higher level officials when it goes through the transcript, which include a slider question that they may want to answer publicly. So it's not only accountability, but it's also UAASMhUthG0-00225-00181596-00182826 Tang Audrey: Getting the ministries in the same page so to speak about what each ministry. Think of the same questions so that they don't fight with themselves or even if they do in a more efficient way. UAASMhUthG0-00226-00182979-00183138 Martin Broz: Yeah. Yeah, that makes sense. UAASMhUthG0-00227-00183273-00183615 Martin Broz: Excellent. It's a lot of process because this is so good. UAASMhUthG0-00228-00183798-00184116 Martin Broz: But that's, that's a good thing. So thank you for sharing these insights with me. UAASMhUthG0-00229-00184299-00185184 Martin Broz: Cool. So we have 10 minutes left. But I'm happy to stay on the call even longer. I would love to hear you did mention you have a feature request, very briefly. UAASMhUthG0-00230-00185205-00185322 Martin Broz: I'm sure there's more of it. UAASMhUthG0-00231-00185349-00185634 Martin Broz: So if you can please share with me, I'm UAASMhUthG0-00232-00185676-00185880 Martin Broz: Really saying very intently to what you have to say. UAASMhUthG0-00233-00185991-00186777 Tang Audrey: Is a simple feature request is just to make sure that a pose feature has a minimum vote. And that's it. UAASMhUthG0-00234-00186930-00187152 Martin Broz: Man, can you maybe elaborate, please. UAASMhUthG0-00235-00187158-00188403 Tang Audrey: Right. So for example, if we have five candidates to select from sometime we want to say that each person who votes must vote. Yeah, three or more boats. UAASMhUthG0-00236-00188469-00189342 Tang Audrey: Okay, now, and currently in the polling feature you can set a maximum, but not the minimum the minimum is by default. UAASMhUthG0-00237-00189414-00190866 Tang Audrey: One. Right. Okay. And so there really is no way to dial it up. And so we resorted to pre pretty creative ways. For example, when we have have to ask people to vote for two votes out of three options. UAASMhUthG0-00238-00190917-00192357 Tang Audrey: We were set up for options single choice. That's A plus B plus C equals C and A plus B plus C. And that's, that's actually kind of confusing. So, so that would be it would be nice to add it back. Yeah. UAASMhUthG0-00239-00192459-00192831 Martin Broz: Um, do you see who told me in your account. Would that be UAASMhUthG0-00240-00192873-00192906 Tang Audrey: Yeah, sure. UAASMhUthG0-00241-00192909-00192966 Martin Broz: That'd be okay. UAASMhUthG0-00242-00193017-00193797 Tang Audrey: Of course not. Not a problem. So let me just open one recent example where I did that and do a share screen if that's okay with you. UAASMhUthG0-00243-00193881-00193947 Martin Broz: Yes, thank you. UAASMhUthG0-00244-00193959-00194133 Tang Audrey: Right, so UAASMhUthG0-00245-00194370-00196116 Tang Audrey: So we have a lot of monthly meetings. I think the latest one is this one. It's the same anyway. And let me share my slider management screen, I think, is this one. Can you see it. UAASMhUthG0-00246-00196248-00196335 Martin Broz: No, not yet. UAASMhUthG0-00247-00196449-00196617 Martin Broz: Right, it's gonna come through it all now. UAASMhUthG0-00248-00196620-00196668 Martin Broz: It's coming. UAASMhUthG0-00249-00196674-00196764 Martin Broz: Okay, it's on now. UAASMhUthG0-00250-00196821-00198780 Tang Audrey: Okay, yes. So we have three options and we call them three, four and five for for weird reasons. Just, just bear with me. And then we won't actually it's a bit of a kind of overall for each participating ministry to vote for at least two out of three. UAASMhUthG0-00251-00198888-00199506 Tang Audrey: But because there is no minimum vote feature at least enough far as I can see. UAASMhUthG0-00252-00199638-00200274 Tang Audrey: For example, here is multiple choice. Right. And here is your attendee and this is limit max. UAASMhUthG0-00253-00200334-00200388 Martin Broz: Let's UAASMhUthG0-00254-00200397-00200580 Tang Audrey: We don't have a limit minimum UAASMhUthG0-00255-00200646-00200784 Martin Broz: Yeah, I understand now. UAASMhUthG0-00256-00200814-00202554 Tang Audrey: Right. And so we'll have to work around it by saying your vote one out of four, but these are a combination and voting rate, we have to manually add like this, this, and this together to get the voting rate for the option three UAASMhUthG0-00257-00202710-00202896 Martin Broz: Yes, I understand what you mean now. Okay. UAASMhUthG0-00258-00202911-00202950 Tang Audrey: Okay. UAASMhUthG0-00259-00202959-00203649 Martin Broz: This makes sense, you simply don't want people to not select one if they are supposed to select to. In other words, UAASMhUthG0-00260-00203691-00203835 Tang Audrey: Exactly and UAASMhUthG0-00261-00203838-00204549 Tang Audrey: Yes, right. So it paves the way for more advanced voting methods but but that's the gist of it. Yes. UAASMhUthG0-00262-00204633-00204678 Right. UAASMhUthG0-00263-00204879-00205461 Martin Broz: I apologize if you've mentioned this already, but what what start, what we'll do you guys vote on typically what wants to topic if UAASMhUthG0-00264-00205461-00205560 Martin Broz: Those decisions. UAASMhUthG0-00265-00205566-00206760 Tang Audrey: Topic from the petition is due for a collaboration meeting because collaboration meeting open meetings came time to prepare every month, we can only select two UAASMhUthG0-00266-00206846-00207855 Tang Audrey: Okay, out of potentially three or four or five or six candidates are. But if it's selecting to we really want people to vote. The two that they want. UAASMhUthG0-00267-00207903-00209004 Tang Audrey: To be scaled in instead of just one because that creates a kind of perverse voting pattern. But we found that voting to is the right thing to do. Okay. UAASMhUthG0-00268-00209058-00209505 Martin Broz: Okay. Okay, so. Okay, that makes sense. Very interesting. Okay. UAASMhUthG0-00269-00209610-00209982 Tang Audrey: In this case, I'm not saying this is universally useful. Yeah. UAASMhUthG0-00270-00210102-00210654 Martin Broz: I personally haven't heard this before, but that doesn't mean it's not common lead. Not everyone raises feature requests. UAASMhUthG0-00271-00210714-00212123 Martin Broz: So I think this is what you're explaining and how you think about it, it makes sense. And I agree that that could be one of the features I think that could be quite helpful. Um, is there anything else that you can think of that it would kind of make your life easier, it's not UAASMhUthG0-00272-00212217-00213528 Tang Audrey: Maybe just having the question only feature somehow portable to two men during that would be super helpful. I'm happy to help with their algorithm actually okay UAASMhUthG0-00273-00213548-00213596 Tang Audrey: Okay. UAASMhUthG0-00274-00213603-00213876 Tang Audrey: Like that actually have the API. I think coded myself. UAASMhUthG0-00275-00214086-00214155 Martin Broz: I bet you can. UAASMhUthG0-00276-00214271-00214707 Martin Broz: Is that, do you mean the translation of the questions from English to Mandarin. Is that what you mean. UAASMhUthG0-00277-00214748-00215766 Tang Audrey: Know that the translation would be useful, but not super useful what I'm referring to is the slide. Oh, labs com UAASMhUthG0-00278-00215967-00216006 Tang Audrey: This one. UAASMhUthG0-00279-00216057-00216285 Martin Broz: Oh, right. Okay, okay. I know what you mean. UAASMhUthG0-00280-00216390-00217071 Martin Broz: So the men during the question, written in Mandarin. I actually also filtered and stopped before they're if their comments on the UAASMhUthG0-00281-00217161-00217242 Tang Audrey: English only UAASMhUthG0-00282-00217244-00217731 Tang Audrey: Right. So yeah, so don't turn it the option on for mentoring meaning. UAASMhUthG0-00283-00217737-00218160 Martin Broz: Yeah. Yes. I don't think it would work anyway I'm, to be honest with you. So, yeah. UAASMhUthG0-00284-00218280-00218573 Tang Audrey: But, but, okay, pretty useful in English only said UAASMhUthG0-00285-00218700-00219669 Martin Broz: He did you when you say useful. What can you perhaps explain what what happened. I understand that that it's supposed to stop questions which are not questions rather comments. UAASMhUthG0-00286-00219711-00219750 Um, UAASMhUthG0-00287-00219939-00220950 Tang Audrey: Yeah, and death precisely way to do it. So when I'm like moderating a panel discussion or things like that. And especially when it's live streamed UAASMhUthG0-00288-00221001-00222092 Tang Audrey: There are a lot of people who take advantage of slider being anonymous and they being behind the screen watching live stream. So there really is no accountability, so to speak, us UAASMhUthG0-00289-00222144-00222966 Tang Audrey: And then sometimes there are just just one single person that we don't know from where they're really like to place a lot of emerging and things like that. UAASMhUthG0-00290-00223065-00224238 Tang Audrey: But they usually go away when they see that they're blocked by the non question filter and most of the people they post questions and we don't want to manually moderate UAASMhUthG0-00291-00224286-00225354 Tang Audrey: Each one because as I said it reduced in Seattle. So, so I think that's the best thing for such settings. And if it's available men during this very useful. UAASMhUthG0-00292-00225525-00225585 Martin Broz: Understand UAASMhUthG0-00293-00225690-00225896 Martin Broz: Wonderful. Um, anything else. UAASMhUthG0-00294-00225960-00226094 Tang Audrey: That's, that's all from me. UAASMhUthG0-00295-00226196-00226305 Martin Broz: Okay, okay. UAASMhUthG0-00296-00226458-00227283 Martin Broz: Thank you for your time. I kind of ran out of questions. I think this is all I wanted to cover better understand your setup. Also the use case and how you to license level. And so this has been very helpful. UAASMhUthG0-00297-00227307-00227442 Martin Broz: So thank you very much for your time. UAASMhUthG0-00298-00227613-00227826 Martin Broz: I think I'm UAASMhUthG0-00299-00227979-00228252 Martin Broz: I think I have one more question, because we have three minutes if that's okay. UAASMhUthG0-00300-00228258-00229053 Martin Broz: Yeah, so I know you mentioned that you have no other feature request button. I'm more interested in your role as a solo presenter, so UAASMhUthG0-00301-00229056-00229557 Martin Broz: One person on stage and the lecture, giving the lecture and presenting content with the questions. UAASMhUthG0-00302-00229611-00229641 Yeah. UAASMhUthG0-00303-00229830-00230792 Martin Broz: Yeah, always perfect. Okay. Because I wanted to ask you about that if there's anything we can do from the perspective of a solo presented that would make your life easier and everything around that. UAASMhUthG0-00304-00230796-00232032 Tang Audrey: As a solo presenter. If I'm away from my iPod, then the switcher, of course, very useful, but because I'm almost exclusively using my iPod using Apple Pencil UAASMhUthG0-00305-00232107-00233286 Tang Audrey: A lot of your desktop oriented feature a lab or not is simply not very pertinent to my use case because I'm always controlling directly on the present mode. UAASMhUthG0-00306-00233385-00234459 Tang Audrey: Yes. So, any, any control. I can have on present mode is sufficient, and I only have to view switches present mode slider and if I swipe. UAASMhUthG0-00307-00234504-00235517 Tang Audrey: The good notes, which is my presentation and another back to slide. Oh, so I really don't need a switcher, so to speak, and I don't usually use my phone. UAASMhUthG0-00308-00235578-00236625 Tang Audrey: Except maybe as a alternate view to slide it but that's it. And I really don't use the film for control. And so because of doubts, I think. UAASMhUthG0-00309-00236709-00237521 Tang Audrey: Icons really exist in moderation interface easily without distracting the audience because I have to check my phone den and UAASMhUthG0-00310-00237579-00238959 Tang Audrey: As a solo presenter. I think having the comment filter filtering out non questions is perfect. And I really don't have anything to ask when it's English only when it's mentoring, of course, I have to manually kind of play. UAASMhUthG0-00311-00239085-00240465 Tang Audrey: I don't know what's, what's the English name of dads hitting some hedge funds or whatever groundhog thing based on the based on the kind of recent questions, but that's okay. Yeah. UAASMhUthG0-00312-00240552-00240828 Martin Broz: Okay, okay, I understand. Okay, that makes sense. UAASMhUthG0-00313-00240978-00241563 Martin Broz: Okay, wonderful Andre, thank you so much for your time. I'm so I'm if that's okay. I'm going to stop the recording now I UAASMhUthG0-00314-00241598-00241863 Martin Broz: I took all the links from the so I'm going to stop it now. UADMMGhlnD0-00000-00000000-00000200 Well howdy there Internet friend. UADMMGhlnD0-00001-00000200-00000322 I'm Amanda B. Johnson. UADMMGhlnD0-00002-00000322-00000501 And you're watching DASH: Detailed. UADMMGhlnD0-00003-00000890-00001310 Sometimes when a person is quite knowledgeable about a topic UADMMGhlnD0-00004-00001310-00001766 it becomes difficult for them to then explain that to others UADMMGhlnD0-00005-00001766-00002036 who don't know as much or anything about it at all. UADMMGhlnD0-00006-00002036-00002480 As you are among the early adopters of what is UADMMGhlnD0-00007-00002496-00002780 potentially going to be the future of money, UADMMGhlnD0-00008-00002780-00003186 you have the grand opportunity of imparting your UADMMGhlnD0-00009-00003186-00003544 not only your enthusiasm but also your understanding UADMMGhlnD0-00010-00003544-00003792 to anybody else who asks. UADMMGhlnD0-00011-00003792-00004288 And if you haven't had curious people ask you about your interests yet, UADMMGhlnD0-00012-00004288-00004804 you likely will as cryptocurrency becomes more and more discussed on a global scale. UADMMGhlnD0-00013-00004828-00005200 With that said, here are four mistakes to avoid. UADMMGhlnD0-00014-00005200-00005570 Number one: using the word “cryptocurrency.” UADMMGhlnD0-00015-00005570-00005802 Yes I have used it with you now, UADMMGhlnD0-00016-00005802-00005992 it's in the title of this video, UADMMGhlnD0-00017-00005992-00006262 but that's because I know who my audience is. UADMMGhlnD0-00018-00006262-00006494 And if you're talking to someone who UADMMGhlnD0-00019-00006494-00006798 isn't already knowledgeable about these things UADMMGhlnD0-00020-00006798-00007312 the word “cryptocurrency” not only gives them nothing that they can work with UADMMGhlnD0-00021-00007312-00007508 – crypt? What, like the crypt keeper? UADMMGhlnD0-00022-00007581-00007714 Crypt. What's crypt? UADMMGhlnD0-00023-00007734-00008159 But it also just makes it sound foreign and unapproachable. UADMMGhlnD0-00024-00008198-00008764 As an example I used this word myself one time with a curious person UADMMGhlnD0-00025-00008764-00009064 and then I said, 'Kind of like digital currency.' UADMMGhlnD0-00026-00009064-00009500 And they said, “Oh, digital currency. I know what both of those words mean. UADMMGhlnD0-00027-00009500-00009614 That's much better." UADMMGhlnD0-00028-00009614-00009778 And it is much better. UADMMGhlnD0-00029-00009790-00010164 So, number one, scratch the word “cryptocurrency” UADMMGhlnD0-00030-00010164-00010348 and use digital currency UADMMGhlnD0-00031-00010348-00010466 or digital money UADMMGhlnD0-00032-00010466-00010754 or like in Dash, digital cash. UADMMGhlnD0-00033-00010768-00011086 Number two: Avoid using buzzwords UADMMGhlnD0-00034-00011086-00011326 like disruptive UADMMGhlnD0-00035-00011326-00011514 and trustless UADMMGhlnD0-00036-00011514-00011690 and permissionless UADMMGhlnD0-00037-00011690-00012274 and these other things which don't actually give any immediate meaning to your listener UADMMGhlnD0-00038-00012274-00012620 but probably just create even more questions for them. UADMMGhlnD0-00039-00012620-00013182 For example, back when I was a PR blogger for a day job UADMMGhlnD0-00040-00013182-00013840 I had a client who was trying to launch an encrypted cloud service UADMMGhlnD0-00041-00013852-00014208 and it was my job to write the text for his website. UADMMGhlnD0-00042-00014208-00014804 And because the encryption process made the data being stored, UADMMGhlnD0-00043-00014804-00015068 you know, like inaccessible to this guy UADMMGhlnD0-00044-00015068-00015224 – to the business owner – UADMMGhlnD0-00045-00015224-00015586 I thought, 'Oh, ok, we can pitch that his service is trustless, right?' UADMMGhlnD0-00046-00015586-00015890 Like no one has to trust that he won't look at their data. UADMMGhlnD0-00047-00015890-00016426 So I wrote these text pieces for his website using the word trustless UADMMGhlnD0-00048-00016438-00016950 and he wrote back to me saying that he found that word upsetting UADMMGhlnD0-00049-00016950-00017440 because it sounded like it was a service that could not be trusted. UADMMGhlnD0-00050-00017464-00017674 It was without trust. UADMMGhlnD0-00051-00017674-00018204 And so, just buzzwords in general that are totally up to interpretation UADMMGhlnD0-00052-00018204-00018572 and may land with your listener in any sort of random way UADMMGhlnD0-00053-00018572-00018750 no. Steer clear. UADMMGhlnD0-00054-00018750-00019374 Number three: Define the jargon terms you're going to use for your listener UADMMGhlnD0-00055-00019374-00019852 because newcomers do not know what a blockchain is, UADMMGhlnD0-00056-00019876-00019994 what a miner is, UADMMGhlnD0-00057-00020010-00020118 what a node is, UADMMGhlnD0-00058-00020118-00020502 what, I mean consensus even should be defined, UADMMGhlnD0-00059-00020502-00020732 certainly they don't know what a confirmation is, UADMMGhlnD0-00060-00020732-00020976 or a block reward or any of these things. UADMMGhlnD0-00061-00020976-00021442 And it can be so tempting to use these terms without defining them UADMMGhlnD0-00062-00021442-00021632 because of course, you know what they mean. UADMMGhlnD0-00063-00021632-00021806 You have the problem of knowledge. UADMMGhlnD0-00064-00021806-00022060 And your crypto compatriots know what they mean. UADMMGhlnD0-00065-00022060-00022516 But in my experience, it helps so much to define these terms first UADMMGhlnD0-00066-00022516-00022878 because otherwise a person is left feeling like: UADMMGhlnD0-00067-00022878-00023134 “Oh, I should know what that means. UADMMGhlnD0-00068-00023134-00023560 That because the person describing it to me didn't define it, I should know what that means. UADMMGhlnD0-00069-00023564-00023842 Hence I am hopelessly out of the loop and UADMMGhlnD0-00070-00023842-00024144 I ought to just steer clear of this digital currency thing altogether UADMMGhlnD0-00071-00024144-00024388 because clearly I'm not hip enough to understand.” UADMMGhlnD0-00072-00024396-00024484 As examples: UADMMGhlnD0-00073-00024484-00025074 A blockchain can be easily defined as a ledger or a record of ownership. UADMMGhlnD0-00074-00025074-00026032 A miner can be defined as a person who's computer uses math to ensure that the record of ownership is accurate. UADMMGhlnD0-00075-00026032-00026160 And from that point UADMMGhlnD0-00076-00026160-00026454 a confirmation can then be defined as UADMMGhlnD0-00077-00026454-00027224 a periodic time when all miners agree that previous transfers of ownership are accurate. UADMMGhlnD0-00078-00027238-00027400 And number four: UADMMGhlnD0-00079-00027420-00028058 Mention the reason that Satoshi invented blockchain-based digital currency in the first place. UADMMGhlnD0-00080-00028060-00028339 Many, or even most people you talk to UADMMGhlnD0-00081-00028342-00028752 will likely be perfectly happy if not content UADMMGhlnD0-00082-00028752-00029144 with the way their finances currently run. UADMMGhlnD0-00083-00029144-00029302 Their credit card works. UADMMGhlnD0-00084-00029302-00029442 Their paper money works. UADMMGhlnD0-00085-00029442-00029692 Maybe they use checks – their checks work. UADMMGhlnD0-00086-00029714-00030298 And for this reason, there may not be an initial compelling selling point UADMMGhlnD0-00087-00030308-00030577 to digital currency. UADMMGhlnD0-00088-00030592-00031266 Until you mention that in the first block ever mined in Bitcoin UADMMGhlnD0-00089-00031274-00032008 Satoshi embedded a message that said that yet another bank bailout was taking place. UADMMGhlnD0-00090-00032016-00032800 And unfortunately more and more people are starting to have the experience of what it is like to have a real bank bailout UADMMGhlnD0-00091-00032800-00033148 or bank bailin effect them and their family UADMMGhlnD0-00092-00033148-00033334 and their retirement savings UADMMGhlnD0-00093-00033334-00033554 and the value of their home UADMMGhlnD0-00094-00033554-00033688 and all of these sorts of things. UADMMGhlnD0-00095-00033688-00034200 And that is what really strikes at the core of UADMMGhlnD0-00096-00034200-00034544 what it is you want to talk to them about in the first place. UADMMGhlnD0-00097-00034550-00034990 Which is to say that – as Satoshi mentioned in his white paper – UADMMGhlnD0-00098-00034992-00035276 when all transactions are made public, UADMMGhlnD0-00099-00035292-00035692 or when there is a publicly-verifiable ledger of ownership UADMMGhlnD0-00100-00035692-00035940 – when all transactions are announced – UADMMGhlnD0-00101-00036030-00036584 people and institutions cannot be secretly insolvent. UADMMGhlnD0-00102-00036590-00036958 In other words, Satoshi saw the cause of banking crises UADMMGhlnD0-00103-00036958-00037292 as being secret ledgers of ownership UADMMGhlnD0-00104-00037308-00037758 and so he created the first open ledger of ownership. UADMMGhlnD0-00105-00037764-00037956 So with these four pointers: UADMMGhlnD0-00106-00037956-00038164 Don't use the word cryptocurrency UADMMGhlnD0-00107-00038176-00038354 Don't use buzzwords UADMMGhlnD0-00108-00038354-00038594 Define your jargon before you use it UADMMGhlnD0-00109-00038594-00038794 and Talk about Satoshi UADMMGhlnD0-00110-00038794-00038894 hello! UADMMGhlnD0-00111-00038938-00039344 you are going to find yourself in some excellent conversations I believe UADMMGhlnD0-00112-00039344-00039636 and as a final message to you UADMMGhlnD0-00113-00039652-00040160 I find the best conversation starters can be visual UADMMGhlnD0-00114-00040160-00040362 which is to say swag UADMMGhlnD0-00115-00040362-00040530 which is to say t-shirts. UADMMGhlnD0-00116-00040534-00040840 Oh wow, it's Pete! UADMMGhlnD0-00117-00040950-00041352 And we have made these Dash digital cash t-shirts UADMMGhlnD0-00118-00041352-00041476 and are selling them. UADMMGhlnD0-00119-00041476-00041780 And I'm wearing a small. Pete's wearing a large. UADMMGhlnD0-00120-00041780-00042026 We have all the way up to extra large as well, UADMMGhlnD0-00121-00042026-00042146 and of course medium. UADMMGhlnD0-00122-00042154-00042472 And they say “Dash.org” on the back. UADMMGhlnD0-00123-00042472-00042738 And of course they're like normal t-shirts with sleeves UADMMGhlnD0-00124-00042738-00043240 like this, as you can see, I modified with scissors because I like to do that to my t-shirts. UADMMGhlnD0-00125-00043266-00043678 And we are selling these t-shirts for two Dash only. UADMMGhlnD0-00126-00043952-00044128 Best. Price. Out there. UADMMGhlnD0-00127-00044128-00044402 And if you would like one – I want you to have one – UADMMGhlnD0-00128-00044402-00044762 send an email to Amanda@Dash.org with your size UADMMGhlnD0-00129-00044762-00044978 – any size from small to extra large – UADMMGhlnD0-00130-00044978-00045128 and your shipping address. UADMMGhlnD0-00131-00045128-00045560 And I will send you back the payment address and the shipping price. UADMMGhlnD0-00132-00045584-00045984 So that and two Dash will get you a neat t-shirt! UADMMGhlnD0-00133-00045984-00046312 And this has been DASH: Detailed, thanks for watching. UADMMGhlnD0-00134-00046458-00046622 But still, given the benefit of the doubt, UADMMGhlnD0-00135-00046622-00047062 let us assume that all miners were major stakeholders, still, UADMMGhlnD0-00136-00047062-00047640 how can they know what a majority of coin-holding users thinks is best? UADMMGhlnD0-00137-00047652-00047780 In the Dash network UADMMGhlnD0-00138-00047780-00048160 cryptography has been used to solve this problem UADMMGhlnD0-00139-00048160-00048442 in a way that was just implemented last year UADMMGhlnD0-00140-00048442-00048908 with a feature that developer Evan Duffield has called the “Decision-Making Engine.” UCq1MfA1efY-00000-00000730-00000857 HIT SOME SHOTS, MAKE SOME STOPS UCq1MfA1efY-00001-00000857-00000864 HIT SOME SHOTS, MAKE SOME STOPS UCq1MfA1efY-00002-00000864-00001084 HIT SOME SHOTS, MAKE SOME STOPS AND BE ABLE TO PLAY ON SATURDAY UCq1MfA1efY-00003-00001084-00001091 HIT SOME SHOTS, MAKE SOME STOPS AND BE ABLE TO PLAY ON SATURDAY UCq1MfA1efY-00004-00001091-00001197 HIT SOME SHOTS, MAKE SOME STOPS AND BE ABLE TO PLAY ON SATURDAY >>> EARLIER THIS MORNING IN THE UCq1MfA1efY-00005-00001197-00001204 AND BE ABLE TO PLAY ON SATURDAY >>> EARLIER THIS MORNING IN THE UCq1MfA1efY-00006-00001204-00001337 AND BE ABLE TO PLAY ON SATURDAY >>> EARLIER THIS MORNING IN THE FIRST CLASS A QUARTERFINAL GAME, UCq1MfA1efY-00007-00001337-00001344 >>> EARLIER THIS MORNING IN THE FIRST CLASS A QUARTERFINAL GAME, UCq1MfA1efY-00008-00001344-00001468 >>> EARLIER THIS MORNING IN THE FIRST CLASS A QUARTERFINAL GAME, THE RED LAKE BOYS BASKETBALL UCq1MfA1efY-00009-00001468-00001474 FIRST CLASS A QUARTERFINAL GAME, THE RED LAKE BOYS BASKETBALL UCq1MfA1efY-00010-00001474-00001574 FIRST CLASS A QUARTERFINAL GAME, THE RED LAKE BOYS BASKETBALL TEAM BEGAN THEIR FOURTH STRAIGHT UCq1MfA1efY-00011-00001574-00001581 THE RED LAKE BOYS BASKETBALL TEAM BEGAN THEIR FOURTH STRAIGHT UCq1MfA1efY-00012-00001581-00001711 THE RED LAKE BOYS BASKETBALL TEAM BEGAN THEIR FOURTH STRAIGHT STATE TOURNAMENT. UCq1MfA1efY-00013-00001711-00001718 TEAM BEGAN THEIR FOURTH STRAIGHT STATE TOURNAMENT. UCq1MfA1efY-00014-00001718-00001848 TEAM BEGAN THEIR FOURTH STRAIGHT STATE TOURNAMENT. THE UNSEEDED WARRIORS TOOK ON UCq1MfA1efY-00015-00001848-00001855 STATE TOURNAMENT. THE UNSEEDED WARRIORS TOOK ON UCq1MfA1efY-00016-00001855-00001998 STATE TOURNAMENT. THE UNSEEDED WARRIORS TOOK ON TOP SEEDED MINNEAPOLIS NORTH. UCq1MfA1efY-00017-00001998-00002005 THE UNSEEDED WARRIORS TOOK ON TOP SEEDED MINNEAPOLIS NORTH. UCq1MfA1efY-00018-00002005-00002205 THE UNSEEDED WARRIORS TOOK ON TOP SEEDED MINNEAPOLIS NORTH. THE POLARS DEFEATED THE WARRIORS UCq1MfA1efY-00019-00002205-00002212 TOP SEEDED MINNEAPOLIS NORTH. THE POLARS DEFEATED THE WARRIORS UCq1MfA1efY-00020-00002212-00002592 TOP SEEDED MINNEAPOLIS NORTH. THE POLARS DEFEATED THE WARRIORS BY EIGHT EARLIER THIS SEASON AND UCq1MfA1efY-00021-00002592-00002599 THE POLARS DEFEATED THE WARRIORS BY EIGHT EARLIER THIS SEASON AND UCq1MfA1efY-00022-00002599-00002886 THE POLARS DEFEATED THE WARRIORS BY EIGHT EARLIER THIS SEASON AND THEY CAME OUT ON FIRE ON THIS UCq1MfA1efY-00023-00002886-00002892 BY EIGHT EARLIER THIS SEASON AND THEY CAME OUT ON FIRE ON THIS UCq1MfA1efY-00024-00002892-00002956 BY EIGHT EARLIER THIS SEASON AND THEY CAME OUT ON FIRE ON THIS ONE. UCq1MfA1efY-00025-00002956-00002962 THEY CAME OUT ON FIRE ON THIS ONE. UCq1MfA1efY-00026-00002962-00003026 THEY CAME OUT ON FIRE ON THIS ONE. TAYLER JOHNSON GETS THE STEAL UCq1MfA1efY-00027-00003026-00003033 ONE. TAYLER JOHNSON GETS THE STEAL UCq1MfA1efY-00028-00003033-00003136 ONE. TAYLER JOHNSON GETS THE STEAL AND GOES COAST TO COAST FOR THE UCq1MfA1efY-00029-00003136-00003143 TAYLER JOHNSON GETS THE STEAL AND GOES COAST TO COAST FOR THE UCq1MfA1efY-00030-00003143-00003266 TAYLER JOHNSON GETS THE STEAL AND GOES COAST TO COAST FOR THE TWO-HANDED JAM. UCq1MfA1efY-00031-00003266-00003273 AND GOES COAST TO COAST FOR THE TWO-HANDED JAM. UCq1MfA1efY-00032-00003273-00003373 AND GOES COAST TO COAST FOR THE TWO-HANDED JAM. POLARS TAKE THE EARLY FOUR-POINT UCq1MfA1efY-00033-00003373-00003379 TWO-HANDED JAM. POLARS TAKE THE EARLY FOUR-POINT UCq1MfA1efY-00034-00003379-00003516 TWO-HANDED JAM. POLARS TAKE THE EARLY FOUR-POINT LEAD. UCq1MfA1efY-00035-00003516-00003523 POLARS TAKE THE EARLY FOUR-POINT LEAD. UCq1MfA1efY-00036-00003523-00003690 POLARS TAKE THE EARLY FOUR-POINT LEAD. AND THEY WERE OFF, GETTING OUT UCq1MfA1efY-00037-00003690-00003697 LEAD. AND THEY WERE OFF, GETTING OUT UCq1MfA1efY-00038-00003697-00003863 LEAD. AND THEY WERE OFF, GETTING OUT TO A 25-3 RUN TO OPEN THE GAME, UCq1MfA1efY-00039-00003863-00003870 AND THEY WERE OFF, GETTING OUT TO A 25-3 RUN TO OPEN THE GAME, UCq1MfA1efY-00040-00003870-00003977 AND THEY WERE OFF, GETTING OUT TO A 25-3 RUN TO OPEN THE GAME, CAPPED BY THE NASIR EL-AMIN UCq1MfA1efY-00041-00003977-00003983 TO A 25-3 RUN TO OPEN THE GAME, CAPPED BY THE NASIR EL-AMIN UCq1MfA1efY-00042-00003983-00004087 TO A 25-3 RUN TO OPEN THE GAME, CAPPED BY THE NASIR EL-AMIN LAY-UP. UCq1MfA1efY-00043-00004087-00004094 CAPPED BY THE NASIR EL-AMIN LAY-UP. UCq1MfA1efY-00044-00004094-00004217 CAPPED BY THE NASIR EL-AMIN LAY-UP. THE WARRIORS WOULD FINALLY GET UCq1MfA1efY-00045-00004217-00004224 LAY-UP. THE WARRIORS WOULD FINALLY GET UCq1MfA1efY-00046-00004224-00004314 LAY-UP. THE WARRIORS WOULD FINALLY GET GOING. UCq1MfA1efY-00047-00004314-00004320 THE WARRIORS WOULD FINALLY GET GOING. UCq1MfA1efY-00048-00004320-00004431 THE WARRIORS WOULD FINALLY GET GOING. ROB McCLAIN FINDS ANTHONY UCq1MfA1efY-00049-00004431-00004437 GOING. ROB McCLAIN FINDS ANTHONY UCq1MfA1efY-00050-00004437-00004561 GOING. ROB McCLAIN FINDS ANTHONY BEAULIEU DOWN LOW FOR THE UCq1MfA1efY-00051-00004561-00004567 ROB McCLAIN FINDS ANTHONY BEAULIEU DOWN LOW FOR THE UCq1MfA1efY-00052-00004567-00004738 ROB McCLAIN FINDS ANTHONY BEAULIEU DOWN LOW FOR THE BUCKET. UCq1MfA1efY-00053-00004738-00004744 BEAULIEU DOWN LOW FOR THE BUCKET. UCq1MfA1efY-00054-00004744-00004944 BEAULIEU DOWN LOW FOR THE BUCKET. THEN IT'S McCLAIN DELIVERING UCq1MfA1efY-00055-00004944-00004951 BUCKET. THEN IT'S McCLAIN DELIVERING UCq1MfA1efY-00056-00004951-00005098 BUCKET. THEN IT'S McCLAIN DELIVERING THE FLOATER FOR TWO OF HIS TEAM UCq1MfA1efY-00057-00005098-00005105 THEN IT'S McCLAIN DELIVERING THE FLOATER FOR TWO OF HIS TEAM UCq1MfA1efY-00058-00005105-00005578 THEN IT'S McCLAIN DELIVERING THE FLOATER FOR TWO OF HIS TEAM HIGH 12. UCq1MfA1efY-00059-00005578-00005585 THE FLOATER FOR TWO OF HIS TEAM HIGH 12. UCq1MfA1efY-00060-00005585-00005755 THE FLOATER FOR TWO OF HIS TEAM HIGH 12. THEN McCLAIN PRODUCING AGAIN, UCq1MfA1efY-00061-00005755-00005762 HIGH 12. THEN McCLAIN PRODUCING AGAIN, UCq1MfA1efY-00062-00005762-00005962 HIGH 12. THEN McCLAIN PRODUCING AGAIN, HE FINDS JAMIE COOK WHO DELIVERS UCq1MfA1efY-00063-00005962-00005969 THEN McCLAIN PRODUCING AGAIN, HE FINDS JAMIE COOK WHO DELIVERS UCq1MfA1efY-00064-00005969-00006129 THEN McCLAIN PRODUCING AGAIN, HE FINDS JAMIE COOK WHO DELIVERS THE THREE-BALL. UCq1MfA1efY-00065-00006129-00006136 HE FINDS JAMIE COOK WHO DELIVERS THE THREE-BALL. UCq1MfA1efY-00066-00006136-00006206 HE FINDS JAMIE COOK WHO DELIVERS THE THREE-BALL. HE HAD NINE POINTS, BUT THE UCq1MfA1efY-00067-00006206-00006212 THE THREE-BALL. HE HAD NINE POINTS, BUT THE UCq1MfA1efY-00068-00006212-00006276 THE THREE-BALL. HE HAD NINE POINTS, BUT THE WARRIORS STILL TRAILED BY 24, UCq1MfA1efY-00069-00006276-00006282 HE HAD NINE POINTS, BUT THE WARRIORS STILL TRAILED BY 24, UCq1MfA1efY-00070-00006282-00006376 HE HAD NINE POINTS, BUT THE WARRIORS STILL TRAILED BY 24, AND THEY WOULD NEVER GET ANY UCq1MfA1efY-00071-00006376-00006383 WARRIORS STILL TRAILED BY 24, AND THEY WOULD NEVER GET ANY UCq1MfA1efY-00072-00006383-00006479 WARRIORS STILL TRAILED BY 24, AND THEY WOULD NEVER GET ANY CLOSER. UCq1MfA1efY-00073-00006479-00006486 AND THEY WOULD NEVER GET ANY CLOSER. UCq1MfA1efY-00074-00006486-00006586 AND THEY WOULD NEVER GET ANY CLOSER. MINNEAPOLIS NORTH LED BY 33 AT UCq1MfA1efY-00075-00006586-00006593 CLOSER. MINNEAPOLIS NORTH LED BY 33 AT UCq1MfA1efY-00076-00006593-00006713 CLOSER. MINNEAPOLIS NORTH LED BY 33 AT THE HALF. UCq1MfA1efY-00077-00006713-00006720 MINNEAPOLIS NORTH LED BY 33 AT THE HALF. UCq1MfA1efY-00078-00006720-00006913 MINNEAPOLIS NORTH LED BY 33 AT THE HALF. THEY ROLL TO THE 47-POINT UCq1MfA1efY-00079-00006913-00006920 THE HALF. THEY ROLL TO THE 47-POINT UCq1MfA1efY-00080-00006920-00007040 THE HALF. THEY ROLL TO THE 47-POINT VICTORY. UCq1MfA1efY-00081-00007040-00007047 THEY ROLL TO THE 47-POINT VICTORY. UCq1MfA1efY-00082-00007047-00007103 THEY ROLL TO THE 47-POINT VICTORY. 93-46. UCq1MfA1efY-00083-00007103-00007110 VICTORY. 93-46. UCq1MfA1efY-00084-00007110-00007363 VICTORY. 93-46. HERE IS RED LAKE AFTER THE GAME UCq1MfA1efY-00085-00007363-00007370 93-46. HERE IS RED LAKE AFTER THE GAME UCq1MfA1efY-00086-00007370-00007567 93-46. HERE IS RED LAKE AFTER THE GAME >> IT'S A TOTALLY DIFFERENT UCq1MfA1efY-00087-00007567-00007574 HERE IS RED LAKE AFTER THE GAME >> IT'S A TOTALLY DIFFERENT UCq1MfA1efY-00088-00007574-00007967 HERE IS RED LAKE AFTER THE GAME >> IT'S A TOTALLY DIFFERENT BALLGAME AT THE STATE LEVEL. UCq1MfA1efY-00089-00007967-00007974 >> IT'S A TOTALLY DIFFERENT BALLGAME AT THE STATE LEVEL. UCq1MfA1efY-00090-00007974-00008214 >> IT'S A TOTALLY DIFFERENT BALLGAME AT THE STATE LEVEL. YOU NEED TO GET, THEY'RE TRYING UCq1MfA1efY-00091-00008214-00008221 BALLGAME AT THE STATE LEVEL. YOU NEED TO GET, THEY'RE TRYING UCq1MfA1efY-00092-00008221-00008591 BALLGAME AT THE STATE LEVEL. YOU NEED TO GET, THEY'RE TRYING TO GET AS MANY SHOTS AS THEY UCq1MfA1efY-00093-00008591-00008598 YOU NEED TO GET, THEY'RE TRYING TO GET AS MANY SHOTS AS THEY UCq1MfA1efY-00094-00008598-00008701 YOU NEED TO GET, THEY'RE TRYING TO GET AS MANY SHOTS AS THEY CAN. UCq1MfA1efY-00095-00008701-00008708 TO GET AS MANY SHOTS AS THEY CAN. UCq1MfA1efY-00096-00008708-00008845 TO GET AS MANY SHOTS AS THEY CAN. [INAUDIBLE] TO SLOW DOWN THE UCq1MfA1efY-00097-00008845-00008852 CAN. [INAUDIBLE] TO SLOW DOWN THE UCq1MfA1efY-00098-00008852-00009032 CAN. [INAUDIBLE] TO SLOW DOWN THE OPPOSING TEAM, GET THEM TIRED UCq1MfA1efY-00099-00009032-00009039 [INAUDIBLE] TO SLOW DOWN THE OPPOSING TEAM, GET THEM TIRED UCq1MfA1efY-00100-00009039-00009285 [INAUDIBLE] TO SLOW DOWN THE OPPOSING TEAM, GET THEM TIRED OUT JUST LIKE HOW WE PLAY. UCq1MfA1efY-00101-00009285-00009292 OPPOSING TEAM, GET THEM TIRED OUT JUST LIKE HOW WE PLAY. UCq1MfA1efY-00102-00009292-00009509 OPPOSING TEAM, GET THEM TIRED OUT JUST LIKE HOW WE PLAY. JUST TODAY WE COULDN'T MAKE THE UCq1MfA1efY-00103-00009509-00009516 OUT JUST LIKE HOW WE PLAY. JUST TODAY WE COULDN'T MAKE THE UCq1MfA1efY-00104-00009516-00009562 OUT JUST LIKE HOW WE PLAY. JUST TODAY WE COULDN'T MAKE THE SHOT. UCq1MfA1efY-00105-00009562-00009569 JUST TODAY WE COULDN'T MAKE THE SHOT. UCq1MfA1efY-00106-00009569-00009879 JUST TODAY WE COULDN'T MAKE THE SHOT. OUR DEFENSE IS LACKING. UCq1MfA1efY-00107-00009879-00009886 SHOT. OUR DEFENSE IS LACKING. UCq1MfA1efY-00108-00009886-00010156 SHOT. OUR DEFENSE IS LACKING. WE COULDN'T -- [INAUDIBLE] UCq1MfA1efY-00109-00010156-00010163 OUR DEFENSE IS LACKING. WE COULDN'T -- [INAUDIBLE] UCq1MfA1efY-00110-00010163-00010430 OUR DEFENSE IS LACKING. WE COULDN'T -- [INAUDIBLE] >> IT'S AN HONOR BECAUSE SOME UCq1MfA1efY-00111-00010430-00010437 WE COULDN'T -- [INAUDIBLE] >> IT'S AN HONOR BECAUSE SOME UCq1MfA1efY-00112-00010437-00010610 WE COULDN'T -- [INAUDIBLE] >> IT'S AN HONOR BECAUSE SOME PLAYERS NEVER MAKE IT. UCq1MfA1efY-00113-00010610-00010617 >> IT'S AN HONOR BECAUSE SOME PLAYERS NEVER MAKE IT. UCq1MfA1efY-00114-00010617-00010710 >> IT'S AN HONOR BECAUSE SOME PLAYERS NEVER MAKE IT. WE'RE VERY FORTUNATE TO COME UCq1MfA1efY-00115-00010710-00010717 PLAYERS NEVER MAKE IT. WE'RE VERY FORTUNATE TO COME UCq1MfA1efY-00116-00010717-00011117 PLAYERS NEVER MAKE IT. WE'RE VERY FORTUNATE TO COME FOUR TIMES IN A ROW AND UCq1MfA1efY-00117-00011117-00011124 WE'RE VERY FORTUNATE TO COME FOUR TIMES IN A ROW AND UCq1MfA1efY-00118-00011124-00011401 WE'RE VERY FORTUNATE TO COME FOUR TIMES IN A ROW AND -- [INAUDIBLE] SECTION A UCq1MfA1efY-00119-00011401-00011408 FOUR TIMES IN A ROW AND -- [INAUDIBLE] SECTION A UCq1MfA1efY-00120-00011408-00011518 FOUR TIMES IN A ROW AND -- [INAUDIBLE] SECTION A CHAMPIONSHIPS. UCq1MfA1efY-00121-00011518-00011524 -- [INAUDIBLE] SECTION A CHAMPIONSHIPS. UCq1MfA1efY-00122-00011524-00011594 -- [INAUDIBLE] SECTION A CHAMPIONSHIPS. IT'S SOMETHING TO CREATE UCq1MfA1efY-00123-00011594-00011601 CHAMPIONSHIPS. IT'S SOMETHING TO CREATE UCq1MfA1efY-00124-00011601-00011895 CHAMPIONSHIPS. IT'S SOMETHING TO CREATE MEMORIES FOR THE FUTURE AND THEY UCq1MfA1efY-00125-00011895-00011901 IT'S SOMETHING TO CREATE MEMORIES FOR THE FUTURE AND THEY UCq1MfA1efY-00126-00011901-00012108 IT'S SOMETHING TO CREATE MEMORIES FOR THE FUTURE AND THEY CAN TELL THEIR KIDS SOME DAY, I UCq1MfA1efY-00127-00012108-00012115 MEMORIES FOR THE FUTURE AND THEY CAN TELL THEIR KIDS SOME DAY, I UCq1MfA1efY-00128-00012115-00012242 MEMORIES FOR THE FUTURE AND THEY CAN TELL THEIR KIDS SOME DAY, I WENT TO STATE. UGe1WLCvypo-00000-00000001-00000082 Did you know UGe1WLCvypo-00001-00000082-00000367 that you can grow your own toilet paper? UGe1WLCvypo-00002-00000367-00000654 This is the Toilet Paper Plant. UGe1WLCvypo-00003-00000654-00000855 It is one of the solutions UGe1WLCvypo-00004-00000855-00001103 to our environmental crises. UGe1WLCvypo-00005-00001117-00001400 For two weeks I will be "Florida Man". UGe1WLCvypo-00006-00001400-00001624 Sitting on my compost toilet UGe1WLCvypo-00007-00001624-00001829 in the hustle and bustle UGe1WLCvypo-00008-00001829-00002068 of the major cities of Florida. UGe1WLCvypo-00009-00002084-00002315 Sharing how we can break free UGe1WLCvypo-00010-00002315-00002432 from the consumerism UGe1WLCvypo-00011-00002432-00002710 by growing the Charmin of the garden. UGe1WLCvypo-00012-00002731-00003057 Millions of us are already growing our own food. UGe1WLCvypo-00013-00003057-00003415 Now it is time to grow our own toilet paper. UGe1WLCvypo-00014-00003540-00003847 If we really want to take another step UGe1WLCvypo-00015-00003847-00004083 in the direction of environmental revolution, UGe1WLCvypo-00016-00004083-00004467 then even start to use a compost toilet. UGe1WLCvypo-00017-00004489-00004623 Come and meet me UGe1WLCvypo-00018-00004623-00004830 on the compost toilet in your city UGe1WLCvypo-00019-00004880-00005019 and take home UGe1WLCvypo-00020-00005019-00005209 a toilet paper plant with you. UHCSpdwX8vY-00000-00000000-00000222 Hi, its me Sujan Kumar Khatri (Menime) UHCSpdwX8vY-00001-00000293-00000517 today I will teach you about how to UHCSpdwX8vY-00002-00000522-00000936 install ArcGIS on your computer and here we UHCSpdwX8vY-00003-00000917-00001209 go before starting I would like you to UHCSpdwX8vY-00004-00001236-00001413 recommend to disable your antivirus UHCSpdwX8vY-00005-00001409-00001610 protection although it is not quite UHCSpdwX8vY-00006-00001613-00001991 compulsory some antivirus may block the UHCSpdwX8vY-00007-00001910-00002091 cracking process. So we do not want to UHCSpdwX8vY-00008-00002091-00002397 distract our installation process UHCSpdwX8vY-00009-00002391-00002971 Here, I am using AVG protection so I will UHCSpdwX8vY-00010-00002997-00003634 open it. I will go to the options, Advanced UHCSpdwX8vY-00011-00003671-00004178 Settings. The disabling process may UHCSpdwX8vY-00012-00004134-00004496 differ from the antivirus to antivirus. UHCSpdwX8vY-00013-00004478-00004709 The installation requires about 1 to UHCSpdwX8vY-00014-00004796-00005171 2 hours so I will choose option until UHCSpdwX8vY-00015-00005109-00005812 restart. ok,ok. finally my antivirus is UHCSpdwX8vY-00016-00005871-00006271 disabled. Now I will close this. Ok now I will UHCSpdwX8vY-00017-00006212-00006336 go to the ArcGis main installation UHCSpdwX8vY-00018-00006371-00006622 file here I have ArcGis 10.2.2 UHCSpdwX8vY-00019-00006636-00007042 Okay Here, we have three files desktop UHCSpdwX8vY-00020-00007022-00007272 license manager and crack desktop UHCSpdwX8vY-00021-00007242-00007431 this is the main installation file UHCSpdwX8vY-00022-00007472-00007743 license manager provide us the license UHCSpdwX8vY-00023-00007731-00007950 and patch or crack, it will crack the license. UHCSpdwX8vY-00024-00007943-00008158 okay and we'll be doing this UHCSpdwX8vY-00025-00008150-00008325 step-by-step first we will be doing this UHCSpdwX8vY-00026-00008358-00008589 secondly this and lastly we will be doing UHCSpdwX8vY-00027-00008525-00008854 this patch or crack. Oka, first of all UHCSpdwX8vY-00028-00008889-00009142 we will go to the desktop installation, UHCSpdwX8vY-00029-00009154-00009565 open it, we will do the setup UHCSpdwX8vY-00030-00009542-00009757 [Music] UHCSpdwX8vY-00031-00009765-00010557 we will either open or run as administrator, UHCSpdwX8vY-00032-00010572-00011159 next, do the license agreement, click next, you UHCSpdwX8vY-00033-00011115-00011638 will do the complete installation. Okay. UHCSpdwX8vY-00034-00011659-00011950 Now you can change this folder location UHCSpdwX8vY-00035-00011938-00012131 but I will here leave it all as default. UHCSpdwX8vY-00036-00012150-00012578 next. Now you can also change this but UHCSpdwX8vY-00037-00012531-00012789 I will do next. finally, I will click the UHCSpdwX8vY-00038-00012778-00013029 install bottom. This installation UHCSpdwX8vY-00039-00013089-00013376 requires several minutes, it may take 20 UHCSpdwX8vY-00040-00013329-00013529 to 30 minutes or even sometimes 40 UHCSpdwX8vY-00041-00013576-00013719 minutes depending upon the speed of your UHCSpdwX8vY-00042-00013729-00014013 computer. So, be patience and wait for the UHCSpdwX8vY-00043-00014019-00014813 program to respond. UHCSpdwX8vY-00044-00014890-00015451 and finally we have completed our desktop UHCSpdwX8vY-00045-00015433-00015609 installation process. so I will just click UHCSpdwX8vY-00046-00015651-00016298 here finish. ArcGIS Administrator wizard UHCSpdwX8vY-00047-00016209-00016359 box appears and we will not click here UHCSpdwX8vY-00048-00016398-00016672 okay. we'll just do cross or cancel it. UHCSpdwX8vY-00049-00016659-00016853 here i will cross it. UHCSpdwX8vY-00050-00016872-00017301 okey, Now the most important thing UHCSpdwX8vY-00051-00017353-00017657 that you have to notice while installing UHCSpdwX8vY-00052-00017601-00017712 the desktop is that if you are UHCSpdwX8vY-00053-00017757-00018047 installing ArcGIS for the first time and UHCSpdwX8vY-00054-00018012-00018220 if your desktop installation. This setup UHCSpdwX8vY-00055-00018247-00018598 do not start or initiates then it will display a UHCSpdwX8vY-00056-00018520-00018720 message which will be like this. UHCSpdwX8vY-00057-00018798-00019016 microsoft.net framework 3.5 which UHCSpdwX8vY-00058-00019020-00019240 contains dotnet framework 2.0 and UHCSpdwX8vY-00059-00019216-00019503 3.0 is not installed on your computer. So UHCSpdwX8vY-00060-00019540-00019879 the first thing you have to do is just UHCSpdwX8vY-00061-00019803-00020176 download the dotnet framework 3.5. Just UHCSpdwX8vY-00062-00020179-00020337 to go to the google and type dotnet UHCSpdwX8vY-00063-00020376-00020734 framework 3.5. It will give you the UHCSpdwX8vY-00064-00020737-00020959 several links. Just go to the first UHCSpdwX8vY-00065-00020934-00021259 link. UHCSpdwX8vY-00066-00021206-00021526 Okay, now come down. You will see here the UHCSpdwX8vY-00067-00021573-00021823 download option. Just click on the UHCSpdwX8vY-00068-00021826-00022390 download and just go to NO thanks and UHCSpdwX8vY-00069-00022323-00022681 continue and finally we have completed UHCSpdwX8vY-00070-00022690-00022992 the download and now go to the This PC. UHCSpdwX8vY-00071-00022981-00023398 and just go to the download UHCSpdwX8vY-00072-00023392-00023554 [Music] UHCSpdwX8vY-00073-00023598-00023861 and here it is the downloaded file I UHCSpdwX8vY-00074-00023854-00024659 will just install it install it. After UHCSpdwX8vY-00075-00024661-00024814 this installation just to go to the UHCSpdwX8vY-00076-00024859-00025111 ArcGIS 10.2.2, go to UHCSpdwX8vY-00077-00025114-00025429 the desktop, go to setup and follow the UHCSpdwX8vY-00078-00025411-00025912 process as mentioned earlier. Now, UHCSpdwX8vY-00079-00025929-00026207 if you successfully install the desktop UHCSpdwX8vY-00080-00026212-00026489 then the second thing you have to UHCSpdwX8vY-00081-00026407-00026510 do is install the license manager. just UHCSpdwX8vY-00082-00026589-00027093 go to license manager and open it. Here you UHCSpdwX8vY-00083-00027010-00027108 will see the different folders. You UHCSpdwX8vY-00084-00027193-00027551 should notice that we are not using the UHCSpdwX8vY-00085-00027508-00027705 Linux neither is solaris. We are nowadays UHCSpdwX8vY-00086-00027751-00028002 using the windows. So, go to the windows UHCSpdwX8vY-00087-00028005-00028499 open it and you will see the setup just UHCSpdwX8vY-00088-00028402-00028924 install the setup you will either open UHCSpdwX8vY-00089-00028999-00029591 or run as administrator. click Next. UHCSpdwX8vY-00090-00029524-00029949 agree the license agreement. Next. leave it as UHCSpdwX8vY-00091-00029991-00030002 default UHCSpdwX8vY-00092-00030049-00030435 next and finally install the license UHCSpdwX8vY-00093-00030402-00031180 manager. It will take only 2 to 5 UHCSpdwX8vY-00094-00031135-00031731 minutes. ok. finally, I will click the UHCSpdwX8vY-00095-00031780-00032127 finish button. Now, it will display a UHCSpdwX8vY-00096-00032131-00032594 dialog box which is ArcGIS license server UHCSpdwX8vY-00097-00032527-00032736 administrator and we will not click UHCSpdwX8vY-00098-00032794-00033170 OK. we will either click cancel or cross UHCSpdwX8vY-00099-00033136-00033645 it. We will later do it after the UHCSpdwX8vY-00100-00033670-00034022 crack process. okay now after successfully UHCSpdwX8vY-00101-00034045-00034479 installing the License manager, just UHCSpdwX8vY-00102-00034422-00034806 go back, go back and just open patch or crack. UHCSpdwX8vY-00103-00034879-00035291 Here you'll notice four files ArcGIS UHCSpdwX8vY-00104-00035206-00035448 crack, and these two files and this UHCSpdwX8vY-00105-00035491-00035805 service file. It is a notepad file. UHCSpdwX8vY-00106-00035848-00036294 We just need these two files. okay UHCSpdwX8vY-00107-00036205-00036660 open thr service file and you just need to UHCSpdwX8vY-00108-00036694-00037035 modify your computer name. Here you will UHCSpdwX8vY-00109-00037060-00037102 notice anil. UHCSpdwX8vY-00110-00037135-00037488 This is the name from computer from UHCSpdwX8vY-00111-00037402-00037706 where I copied the ArcGIS file. you just UHCSpdwX8vY-00112-00037788-00038279 need to put your name instead of this anil. UHCSpdwX8vY-00113-00038206-00038652 anil. For this, you have to simply go to UHCSpdwX8vY-00114-00038679-00039270 the This PC and just open its properties UHCSpdwX8vY-00115-00039252-00039361 okay UHCSpdwX8vY-00116-00039370-00039515 Here you will see your computer name UHCSpdwX8vY-00117-00039561-00040098 and just go to change setting and from UHCSpdwX8vY-00118-00040015-00041098 here just copy these contents. copy. UHCSpdwX8vY-00119-00041004-00041492 close it, close it, just open this notepad file UHCSpdwX8vY-00120-00041487-00042192 and in this anil,click this anil UHCSpdwX8vY-00121-00042107-00042487 replace with MENIME. The most important thing you UHCSpdwX8vY-00122-00042408-00042679 have to notice is that, your computer UHCSpdwX8vY-00123-00042687-00043153 name must be within spaces. There UHCSpdwX8vY-00124-00043179-00043519 should be a single space in front and a UHCSpdwX8vY-00125-00043553-00044217 single space after. and finally save UHCSpdwX8vY-00126-00044219-00044742 this notepad file with your computer name. UHCSpdwX8vY-00127-00044717-00045068 close it. okay now, if you do not have UHCSpdwX8vY-00128-00045042-00045133 this solve this service file then you will UHCSpdwX8vY-00129-00045168-00045364 definitely this a place ArcGIS keygen UHCSpdwX8vY-00130-00045333-00045537 modified. from here you can create this UHCSpdwX8vY-00131-00045564-00045886 service file and also if you do not have this UHCSpdwX8vY-00132-00045837-00046000 keygen modified then you can download it UHCSpdwX8vY-00133-00046086-00046482 from the Google. just go to the google UHCSpdwX8vY-00134-00046400-00047078 here type ArcGIS keygen download and go UHCSpdwX8vY-00135-00047082-00047778 to the first link UHCSpdwX8vY-00136-00047711-00048077 okay now come to the download option UHCSpdwX8vY-00137-00048032-00048343 here click on the download and here it UHCSpdwX8vY-00138-00048377-00049008 is click on the download and here the UHCSpdwX8vY-00139-00049043-00049517 download is starting. okay now I'm going UHCSpdwX8vY-00140-00049508-00050018 to This PC ,open it, open the downloads UHCSpdwX8vY-00141-00050017-00050369 here you will see the ArcGIS keygen UHCSpdwX8vY-00142-00050318-00050655 modified file now extract it using winRAR UHCSpdwX8vY-00143-00050669-00051054 or any other extracting software UHCSpdwX8vY-00144-00051055-00051535 okay now here we have extracted file open UHCSpdwX8vY-00145-00051554-00052242 it you'll also see this ArcGIS file just UHCSpdwX8vY-00146-00052235-00052966 extract this also okay now open this UHCSpdwX8vY-00147-00052942-00053166 folder. UHCSpdwX8vY-00148-00053654-00054022 okay here, you will see this. This is the UHCSpdwX8vY-00149-00054013-00054329 ArcGIS crack but we do not need this. We UHCSpdwX8vY-00150-00054322-00054525 already have this in our installation UHCSpdwX8vY-00151-00054529-00054916 file. we also have this already in our UHCSpdwX8vY-00152-00054925-00055219 installation file but I have only given UHCSpdwX8vY-00153-00055216-00055450 you the process to download. We no longer UHCSpdwX8vY-00154-00055419-00055956 need these files. Now I will go to this. UHCSpdwX8vY-00155-00055950-00056269 ArcGIS patch or crack. Here is my ArcGIS UHCSpdwX8vY-00156-00056256-00056563 keygen modified. Now, I will teach you UHCSpdwX8vY-00157-00056569-00057006 how to make service file from this. ok UHCSpdwX8vY-00158-00057063-00057674 open it. Here, you get this window, just UHCSpdwX8vY-00159-00057606-00058116 select the version 10.1 but this is not UHCSpdwX8vY-00160-00058174-00058404 our version so I will do 10.22 UHCSpdwX8vY-00161-00058416-00058892 we should not do 10.2.2 UHCSpdwX8vY-00162-00058804-00058913 we should only do ten point UHCSpdwX8vY-00163-00058992-00059576 two and two (10.22) and click on this all bottom UHCSpdwX8vY-00164-00059513-00060276 and select the contents displayed here. UHCSpdwX8vY-00165-00061891-00062077 copy these contents UHCSpdwX8vY-00166-00062084-00062959 close it, close it and open the new text UHCSpdwX8vY-00167-00062977-00063607 document. Give it a name SERVICE. Oh! sorry UHCSpdwX8vY-00168-00063659-00064075 not in capital letter, small letter UHCSpdwX8vY-00169-00064007-00064637 (service). okay now open this UHCSpdwX8vY-00170-00064675-00065423 and paste these contents here now replace UHCSpdwX8vY-00171-00065437-00066013 this_host with your PC name. you can type UHCSpdwX8vY-00172-00066023-00066660 manually if you know the name of your PC. UHCSpdwX8vY-00173-00066613-00067006 you have to ensure a space after and UHCSpdwX8vY-00174-00067060-00067688 before the name. click on file, click on save, UHCSpdwX8vY-00175-00067606-00067927 close it but we do not need this service UHCSpdwX8vY-00176-00067988-00068217 file. we have this service already in our UHCSpdwX8vY-00177-00068227-00068676 installation folder. so I am deleting it. UHCSpdwX8vY-00178-00068617-00068861 Okay now, After successfully modifying UHCSpdwX8vY-00179-00068876-00069108 this service file just hold the ctrl key UHCSpdwX8vY-00180-00069161-00069578 and click on this service file and also UHCSpdwX8vY-00181-00069508-00070078 to the ArcGIS crack file and right-click UHCSpdwX8vY-00182-00070224-00070882 then select copy and now go to this PC and UHCSpdwX8vY-00183-00070805-00071292 open it go to the local disk (C: drive) UHCSpdwX8vY-00184-00071282-00071592 [Music] UHCSpdwX8vY-00185-00071826-00072252 you go to Program files (x86) then you will UHCSpdwX8vY-00186-00072246-00072530 notice the ArcGIS folder here just open UHCSpdwX8vY-00187-00072552-00073264 it and go to the license 10.2 and you UHCSpdwX8vY-00188-00073230-00073760 go to the bean now in this location UHCSpdwX8vY-00189-00073764-00074353 bean paste those 2 copied files and UHCSpdwX8vY-00190-00074360-00074527 replace these 2 files in the UHCSpdwX8vY-00191-00074553-00075024 destination and click on this and click UHCSpdwX8vY-00192-00075027-00075616 continue and you will notice here a dialog box UHCSpdwX8vY-00193-00075624-00075893 and it will say that the action cannot UHCSpdwX8vY-00194-00075816-00075912 be completed because the folder or a UHCSpdwX8vY-00195-00075993-00076285 file in it is opened in another program. UHCSpdwX8vY-00196-00076212-00076965 and click again try again then you have to UHCSpdwX8vY-00197-00076985-00077260 now stop the program which is currently UHCSpdwX8vY-00198-00077265-00077466 running this then for this just go to UHCSpdwX8vY-00199-00077460-00077909 the task manager you will see this window UHCSpdwX8vY-00200-00077966-00078362 if you will not see this window then UHCSpdwX8vY-00201-00078309-00078756 this might have been compressed and UHCSpdwX8vY-00202-00078762-00079099 let's do the more details then you'll UHCSpdwX8vY-00203-00079056-00079293 notice this window again then click on UHCSpdwX8vY-00204-00079299-00079592 services then again click on the UHCSpdwX8vY-00205-00079593-00080967 open services and now here you will see UHCSpdwX8vY-00206-00079992-00080398 the ArcGIS license manager running click UHCSpdwX8vY-00207-00080367-00080567 on it and then click on the stop UHCSpdwX8vY-00208-00080598-00080911 bottom and finally it will stop the UHCSpdwX8vY-00209-00080967-00081409 ArcGIS license manager close it close this UHCSpdwX8vY-00210-00081411-00081852 also and come to this point again and UHCSpdwX8vY-00211-00081809-00082170 click on this and again do this try again UHCSpdwX8vY-00212-00082152-00082254 bottom UHCSpdwX8vY-00213-00082270-00082711 now finally these two files have been UHCSpdwX8vY-00214-00082754-00083126 replaced. okay after successfully UHCSpdwX8vY-00215-00083111-00083405 replacing the service and ArcGIS file just go UHCSpdwX8vY-00216-00083426-00084091 to the LSAdmin open it or run as UHCSpdwX8vY-00217-00084005-00084418 administrator click on yes here you will UHCSpdwX8vY-00218-00084491-00084842 notice that license server status not UHCSpdwX8vY-00219-00084818-00085143 running this ArcGIS license server UHCSpdwX8vY-00220-00085142-00085396 administrator this window has been appeared UHCSpdwX8vY-00221-00085343-00085418 earlier during the desktop UHCSpdwX8vY-00222-00085496-00085764 installation or license manager UHCSpdwX8vY-00223-00085718-00085975 installation process now let's click on UHCSpdwX8vY-00224-00085964-00086318 the start stop license service and click UHCSpdwX8vY-00225-00086375-00086972 on start and click on the re-read UHCSpdwX8vY-00226-00086918-00087172 license UHCSpdwX8vY-00227-00088002-00088326 now here you will notice that license UHCSpdwX8vY-00228-00088302-00088888 server status is running now click on OK. UHCSpdwX8vY-00229-00088826-00089039 ok now after successfully running the UHCSpdwX8vY-00230-00089088-00089454 LSAdmin now we'll cross it and we UHCSpdwX8vY-00231-00089439-00089756 will go to the Start menu and we will go UHCSpdwX8vY-00232-00089754-00090069 to the searck and we'll type ArcGIS UHCSpdwX8vY-00233-00090056-00090563 administrator. we will click on this. yes. UHCSpdwX8vY-00234-00090569-00090920 Now we will see this window. Now, this UHCSpdwX8vY-00235-00090963-00091286 window has been appeared earlier during UHCSpdwX8vY-00236-00091220-00091395 the installation of the desktop or the UHCSpdwX8vY-00237-00091386-00091644 license manager now just go to the UHCSpdwX8vY-00238-00091695-00091974 desktop and you again see this window UHCSpdwX8vY-00239-00091944-00092226 now you will here see the change box and and UHCSpdwX8vY-00240-00092274-00092582 click here and here you will have to UHCSpdwX8vY-00241-00092526-00093169 type your PC name and for this go to UHCSpdwX8vY-00242-00093182-00093624 this PC. This Technique I have just told earlier UHCSpdwX8vY-00243-00093669-00094106 in renameing the service file UHCSpdwX8vY-00244-00094124-00095160 here click this and copy it and then you UHCSpdwX8vY-00245-00095106-00095425 click on this change bottom and then UHCSpdwX8vY-00246-00095460-00095955 paste it here. you can also manually type UHCSpdwX8vY-00247-00095925-00096229 the name if you are confident then click UHCSpdwX8vY-00248-00096255-00096736 ok then finally click OK. ok, after UHCSpdwX8vY-00249-00096729-00096908 successfully running the ArcGIS UHCSpdwX8vY-00250-00096936-00097249 administrator, we will go to the search bottom UHCSpdwX8vY-00251-00097208-00097620 and we'll type the arcmap and here it is UHCSpdwX8vY-00252-00097649-00098131 click on this. It will take few seconds to UHCSpdwX8vY-00253-00098120-00098272 open UHCSpdwX8vY-00254-00098231-00098607 and here we have the arcmap window and UHCSpdwX8vY-00255-00098672-00099069 it is finally ready for use UHCSpdwX8vY-00256-00099007-00099227 now we can enjoy the Arcmap you can UHCSpdwX8vY-00257-00099269-00099402 create simple Maps, UHCSpdwX8vY-00258-00099427-00099831 advanced maps, hill shade map, slope map, UHCSpdwX8vY-00259-00099802-00100023 aspect map, you can also geoference and UHCSpdwX8vY-00260-00100031-00100263 there are alot of things to do in UHCSpdwX8vY-00261-00100223-00100750 arcmap now I'm closing this and I will go UHCSpdwX8vY-00262-00100763-00101108 to the start and I will click here search and I UHCSpdwX8vY-00263-00101150-00101458 will type arcmap okay here it is UHCSpdwX8vY-00264-00101408-00101785 now I will just right-click it and I'll UHCSpdwX8vY-00265-00101758-00102125 pin it in start and also to the tax bar UHCSpdwX8vY-00266-00102185-00102418 this will help us to locate arcmap UHCSpdwX8vY-00267-00102425-00103154 easily. Now finally we have our UHCSpdwX8vY-00268-00103118-00103432 arcmap icon in the taskbar and as well as UHCSpdwX8vY-00269-00103454-00103764 in the Start menu. I would like to thank UHCSpdwX8vY-00270-00103732-00103922 my friend Anil Koirala for helping UHCSpdwX8vY-00271-00103964-00104202 me to develop this video. thanks guys for UHCSpdwX8vY-00272-00104222-00104499 watching our video. please do like UHCSpdwX8vY-00273-00104402-00104602 comment and subscribe our videos down UHCSpdwX8vY-00274-00104699-00104902 below UJqpzoE89qo-00000-00000487-00000680 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Hello and welcome to the conference UJqpzoE89qo-00001-00000682-00000903 session entitled "Power and Projections of Trauma in the 19th UJqpzoE89qo-00002-00000906-00001043 and 20th Centuries." UJqpzoE89qo-00003-00001091-00001564 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: My name is Lisa Baer-Tsarfati, though some of you may know me already as u/historiagrephour and I will be UJqpzoE89qo-00004-00001567-00001723 chairing the session. UJqpzoE89qo-00005-00001779-00002049 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Power and Projections of Trauma in UJqpzoE89qo-00006-00002051-00002351 the 19th and 20th Centuries looks at the ways in which the UJqpzoE89qo-00007-00002353-00002625 crush of disaster and upheaval disproportionately fall UJqpzoE89qo-00008-00002628-00002899 with some people in oppressed or marginalized groups. UJqpzoE89qo-00009-00002972-00003609 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: This panel focuses on the creation of records by those with social or political power that are then used to describe UJqpzoE89qo-00010-00003612-00003824 the experiences of those without it, UJqpzoE89qo-00011-00003824-00004293 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: robbing these persons of their own voices in the process. UJqpzoE89qo-00012-00004296-00004760 It deals with themes of power, propaganda, control, and marginalization, UJqpzoE89qo-00013-00004795-00004960 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: which will be explored in depth by our UJqpzoE89qo-00014-00004960-00005327 speakers during this session's roundtable discussion. It is my UJqpzoE89qo-00015-00005332-00005631 great pleasure then to introduce the first of our four speakers today. UJqpzoE89qo-00016-00005632-00005842 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Adam Franti earned his Master's degree UJqpzoE89qo-00017-00005842-00006207 in history from Eastern Michigan University in 2018, focusing UJqpzoE89qo-00018-00006240-00006519 on military and cultural history of North America. UJqpzoE89qo-00019-00006549-00006744 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: He will be presenting his paper, "His Gallant UJqpzoE89qo-00020-00006744-00007109 Soul Had Fled: Death, Remembrance, and Race in Early America." UJqpzoE89qo-00021-00007183-00007575 Adam Franti: Okay, hello. So as introduced, my paper is about UJqpzoE89qo-00022-00007577-00007968 primarily covering the War of 1812 and two deaths of famous UJqpzoE89qo-00023-00007971-00008231 military leaders during that war. UJqpzoE89qo-00024-00008291-00008755 Adam Franti: And I'm going to take some time just to introduce that conflict. But first, I kind of want to set UJqpzoE89qo-00025-00008758-00008912 sort of the stage here so UJqpzoE89qo-00026-00009012-00009615 Adam Franti: In the early 20th century when American soldiers were fighting in the Philippine Insurrection, quote UJqpzoE89qo-00027-00009617-00009837 unquote, one of the popular songs that had UJqpzoE89qo-00028-00009840-00010091 been a sort of a rewrite of the Civil War song UJqpzoE89qo-00029-00010151-00010750 Adam Franti: included the line civilize them with a Krag. Krag being the service rifle of the time and civilized UJqpzoE89qo-00030-00010753-00011135 them, of course, being in reference to the Filipinos they were fighting UJqpzoE89qo-00031-00011195-00011809 Adam Franti: and this is a theme sort of repeated in a kind of popular sense that dates back to the earliest conflicts UJqpzoE89qo-00032-00011811-00012335 that Americans or proto-Americans or European colonists had had with Native Americans on the continent. UJqpzoE89qo-00033-00012379-00012708 Adam Franti: and it's sort of a through line throughout this entire UJqpzoE89qo-00034-00012791-00013481 Adam Franti: history of conflict between Native Americans and Americans and even between Europeans and anyone who they UJqpzoE89qo-00035-00013483-00013760 viewed as barbaric or of a lesser civilization UJqpzoE89qo-00036-00013799-00014063 Adam Franti: or any kind of similar theme like that. Right. UJqpzoE89qo-00037-00014124-00014826 Adam Franti: And it has a ton of these sort of intellectual and historical and scientific ideas that run behind it that UJqpzoE89qo-00038-00014828-00015283 filter down into the popular imagination, so much so that they're even part of UJqpzoE89qo-00039-00015285-00015776 drama and plays and poems and movies and even podcasts and things like that today. UJqpzoE89qo-00040-00015791-00016038 Adam Franti: But we're going to talk about the death of Tecumseh UJqpzoE89qo-00041-00016030-00016368 who was a Shawnee chieftain during the War of 1812 and the death of UJqpzoE89qo-00042-00016368-00016469 Sir Isaac Brock. UJqpzoE89qo-00043-00016469-00016882 Adam Franti: Both of them were killed within a year of each other, towards the beginning of the War of 1812. UJqpzoE89qo-00044-00016887-00017609 Adam Franti: Before we go on, I just want to take a minute or so to talk a little bit about what the War of 1812 is actually about because I find that especially Americans UJqpzoE89qo-00045-00017611-00017851 tend not to know too much about the war. UJqpzoE89qo-00046-00017963-00018581 Adam Franti: And really, there are three major elements of it. And the first two have mostly to do with the idea of UJqpzoE89qo-00047-00018583-00019043 American sovereignty and sort of international respect and they have problems with the UJqpzoE89qo-00048-00019043-00019571 Adam Franti: British naval tactics essentially in trying to defeat Napoleon, which was a war that had been going on for quite a long time. UJqpzoE89qo-00049-00019635-00020160 Adam Franti: at that point, and the British were trying to staff their ships, the Royal Navy was the largest Navy in UJqpzoE89qo-00050-00020162-00020627 the entire world. And it took hundreds of sailors on each ship and they had dozens and dozens of ships. UJqpzoE89qo-00051-00020667-00021116 Adam Franti: And one of their practices was what they call the impressment, which meant that they would just take UJqpzoE89qo-00052-00021118-00021267 people didn't have a job or UJqpzoE89qo-00053-00021323-00021887 Adam Franti: were poor or couldn't find a place to be employed somewhere else and they would stuff them into a ship. UJqpzoE89qo-00054-00021975-00022492 Adam Franti: This, of course, didn't make very great sailors. So one of their other tactics was to go through and UJqpzoE89qo-00055-00022494-00022895 capture ships that were sailing around especially neutral ships with Americans on board. UJqpzoE89qo-00056-00022931-00023546 Adam Franti: And they would search them for Royal Navy deserters or former British citizens or current British citizens UJqpzoE89qo-00057-00023548-00023891 and this they unfairly targeted Americans. According to Americans. UJqpzoE89qo-00058-00023891-00024511 Adam Franti: That was sort of point one. Point two was some embargo politics that were going on on the continent, preventing UJqpzoE89qo-00059-00024514-00024967 Americans from freely trading with the French or the British or the Spanish or whoever else UJqpzoE89qo-00060-00025031-00025445 Adam Franti: That was point number two and point number three is sort of more pertinent to our discussion is what UJqpzoE89qo-00061-00025448-00025591 they term generally the Indian problem. UJqpzoE89qo-00062-00025687-00026370 Adam Franti: This was cast away in a very similar ways. We'll see from kind of the theme of the rest of this talk as UJqpzoE89qo-00063-00026372-00026959 being part of the British plan to undermine American power on the continent, but in reality it was a UJqpzoE89qo-00064-00027063-00027681 Adam Franti: native lead rejuvenation project and an Indian lead sort of Pan-Indian Movement. This was not the first or the last, but it was one of UJqpzoE89qo-00065-00027684-00028047 the most sort of prominent and one of the most successful in history of the continent. UJqpzoE89qo-00066-00028279-00028815 Adam Franti: So the Shawnee leader Tecumseh ended up becoming one of the more prominent native leaders of the UJqpzoE89qo-00067-00028818-00029055 entire conflict and his death in October of 1813 UJqpzoE89qo-00068-00029163-00029691 Adam Franti: was met with pretty much immediate sense of this was a death that would change the war. UJqpzoE89qo-00069-00029767-00030316 Adam Franti: But the way that he's treated is markedly different from the way that Isaac Brock's death was treated just a UJqpzoE89qo-00070-00030318-00030867 year earlier. And just very, very quickly Tecumseh was killed in a battle called the battle of the Thames, or the Battle UJqpzoE89qo-00071-00030869-00031235 of Meridian Town. UJqpzoE89qo-00072-00031347-00031984 Adam Franti: He had convinced the British leader to stop and ace the Americans who had just invaded Canada and in the UJqpzoE89qo-00073-00031986-00032419 course of this battle, he was killed. Now one of the immediate and kind of most UJqpzoE89qo-00074-00032533-00033035 Adam Franti: important elements of Tecumseh's death that contrasts with the death of Isaac Brock and other white UJqpzoE89qo-00075-00033037-00033249 leaders, was that there was almost an immediate UJqpzoE89qo-00076-00033311-00033787 Adam Franti: spat between people who claimed that they were the one that pulled the trigger. They were the one that UJqpzoE89qo-00077-00033790-00034023 killed Tecumseh. So these were all Americans, of course. UJqpzoE89qo-00078-00034059-00034618 Adam Franti: And this included guys like Richard Mentor Johnson who eventually became the Vice President of the United UJqpzoE89qo-00079-00034621-00034859 States and partially he was elected, and he became UJqpzoE89qo-00080-00034887-00035103 Adam Franti: politically prominent because he had the reputation of being an Indian killer. He was person who was UJqpzoE89qo-00081-00035105-00035695 credited generally with killing Tecumseh, one of the most famous Native American chiefs of all time. UJqpzoE89qo-00082-00036067-00036227 Adam Franti: Contrast this to Isaac Brock, so UJqpzoE89qo-00083-00036227-00036692 Adam Franti: the death of Isaac Brock was treated with this kind of trope laden literary element that characterized UJqpzoE89qo-00084-00036694-00037183 the death of like Admiral Nelson's famous death in the Napoleonic Wars. UJqpzoE89qo-00085-00037299-00037934 Adam Franti: Brock was lionized. Brock was written about in newspapers and in letters and in other popular accounts as UJqpzoE89qo-00086-00037936-00038147 kind of being this hero this sort of UJqpzoE89qo-00087-00038239-00038799 Adam Franti: very large larger than life figure, kind of classic British military leader UJqpzoE89qo-00088-00038891-00039361 Adam Franti: who had been killed, you know, in the midst of leading a charge and the literary tropes that kind of UJqpzoE89qo-00089-00039363-00039519 attached this are all centered on UJqpzoE89qo-00090-00039539-00040041 Adam Franti: Brock's experience. What did Brock feel when he died. What did Brock feel like when he was leading the UJqpzoE89qo-00091-00040043-00040451 charge. What were his last words, does he know what the result of the battle was. Did he know UJqpzoE89qo-00092-00040547-00041163 Adam Franti: the sort of disposition of his troops did his death, inspire his troops to go win the battle, things like UJqpzoE89qo-00093-00041165-00041607 that. And this kind of reflects in almost every single writing of every single death of UJqpzoE89qo-00094-00041675-00042119 Adam Franti: every single prominent white leader in wars throughout the long 19th century. UJqpzoE89qo-00095-00042119-00042655 Adam Franti: Which is very, very, very different again from the way that that Tecumseh was treated. So one of the the UJqpzoE89qo-00096-00042657-00042835 most interesting passages UJqpzoE89qo-00097-00042875-00043459 Adam Franti: was a letter written by a soldier who actually saw Tecumseh's body laying on the battlefield and in this UJqpzoE89qo-00098-00043462-00043763 letter he describes how Tecumseh looks. He was very handsome. UJqpzoE89qo-00099-00043899-00044527 Adam Franti: The disposition of his clothing. How neat his body looked and toward the end he even writes that he was UJqpzoE89qo-00100-00044530-00044895 lying there in such a handsome manner that I forgot he was a savage. UJqpzoE89qo-00101-00045063-00045299 Adam Franti: Which has a really strange UJqpzoE89qo-00102-00045303-00045852 Adam Franti: parallel to that song 'civilized them with a Krag', right, because if, the idea being that we lionize UJqpzoE89qo-00103-00045855-00046503 the dead white leaders, because they're kind of playing the same game that we are. Right. They're on the same sort of civilizational level. UJqpzoE89qo-00104-00046563-00047117 Adam Franti: As a white person we understand what they're coming from. We understand their experience. And so we honor UJqpzoE89qo-00105-00047119-00047483 it. We honor it by saying they were brave, they were a good leader, they were UJqpzoE89qo-00106-00047555-00048172 Adam Franti: remembered well. Whereas with the Native Americans, they're not the same. They're on rungs of the, of UJqpzoE89qo-00107-00048175-00048551 the, quote unquote, the civilization, a ladder. A couple of layers low. UJqpzoE89qo-00108-00048675-00049179 Adam Franti: So saying that death civilizes them is essentially the same as saying, you know, UJqpzoE89qo-00109-00049219-00049828 Adam Franti: this makes life. The only good Indian is a dead Indian, we have an entire century of especially American UJqpzoE89qo-00110-00049830-00050099 military leaders using the same language to discuss UJqpzoE89qo-00111-00050191-00050817 Adam Franti: the death of Native Americans, because this was something that is just a sometimes unfortunate and UJqpzoE89qo-00112-00050820-00051234 sometimes necessary element of civilizing the continent. Right. They were UJqpzoE89qo-00113-00051237-00051651 obstacles they were viewed as almost natural obstacles, rather than people UJqpzoE89qo-00114-00051687-00052157 Adam Franti: and we can see the same things even going back to the 17th century, during the middle of a King Philip's UJqpzoE89qo-00115-00052159-00052315 War where Metacom UJqpzoE89qo-00116-00052395-00053033 Adam Franti: King Phillip by another name was also killed and his death was treated in the same way. We know who UJqpzoE89qo-00117-00053035-00053707 who killed Metacom. He was actually what they call the praying Indian at the time he was somebody who spoke English and UJqpzoE89qo-00118-00053811-00054412 Adam Franti: was fighting with the white side of King Philip's War, and he was the one that shot King Philip, we UJqpzoE89qo-00119-00054414-00054895 know that, right, but we don't know who killed Isaac Brock and to an extent we don't care. UJqpzoE89qo-00120-00054951-00055574 Adam Franti: Because Isaac Brock's death is something that it was just the of course we expect him to die in the sort UJqpzoE89qo-00121-00055576-00055783 of noble gallant manner, whereas the UJqpzoE89qo-00122-00055827-00056409 Adam Franti: the death of a Native American needs somebody to have done it. It needs a white person or somebody UJqpzoE89qo-00123-00056411-00056852 connected to sort of white civilization to have done it. And if it's another Native UJqpzoE89qo-00124-00056854-00057295 American even better because that means that our civilizing project is working right. UJqpzoE89qo-00125-00057339-00057842 Adam Franti: And some of the plays that talk about the death of Tecumseh and there are actually plays that talk about UJqpzoE89qo-00126-00057844-00058151 the death of Metacom as well. And this is a literary genre unto itself. UJqpzoE89qo-00127-00058267-00058943 Adam Franti: Talk about both of these men as extinct animals, one of the long, kind of, UJqpzoE89qo-00128-00059079-00059211 Adam Franti: very boring, to be honest. UJqpzoE89qo-00129-00059319-00059958 Adam Franti: poems and plays about the death of Tecumseh actually likens him to passing from the world like the UJqpzoE89qo-00130-00059960-00060267 mammoth that used to tramp around the Kentucky hills. UJqpzoE89qo-00131-00060327-00060827 Adam Franti: Or something like that, and it connects to the idea of the disappearing race that became very popular and UJqpzoE89qo-00132-00060829-00060995 especially the 1920s. UJqpzoE89qo-00133-00061095-00061639 Adam Franti: That these were people that were just doomed to disappear. They were gone. They were going to leave. UJqpzoE89qo-00134-00061735-00062348 Adam Franti: They were never going to come back and it was sort of America's job to not only hasten that along but also UJqpzoE89qo-00135-00062350-00062843 document it, right, because what a tragedy for this history to disappear from the world, even if UJqpzoE89qo-00136-00062915-00063631 Adam Franti: blatantly and at every single level from American politics to warfare to pop culture understands that UJqpzoE89qo-00137-00063633-00064279 the American project is civilizing Native Americans by killing them. Right. And we can see this kind of UJqpzoE89qo-00138-00064391-00065043 Adam Franti: thing kind of the throughline going through all of the experience of Europeans against Native Americans UJqpzoE89qo-00139-00065045-00065475 in all of the conflicts that date back to the founding of the early colonies. UJqpzoE89qo-00140-00065523-00065807 Adam Franti: And the last difference I want to talk about is UJqpzoE89qo-00141-00065911-00066516 Adam Franti: that the way the bodies are treated is also very telling, and probably could have taken up the bulk of UJqpzoE89qo-00142-00066518-00066719 this conversation. UJqpzoE89qo-00143-00066803-00067503 Adam Franti: But Metacom, King Phillip, and Tecumseh were both mutilated. Individuals, not necessarily under orders or UJqpzoE89qo-00144-00067506-00068163 anything like that but individuals who wanted literally to take a piece of this famous person home with them UJqpzoE89qo-00145-00068239-00068921 Adam Franti: went and cut pieces off of their bodies. There was a trade among the New England colonies in the 17th UJqpzoE89qo-00146-00068924-00069279 century that claimed to have finger bones or skulls or jaw or UJqpzoE89qo-00147-00069319-00069930 Adam Franti: teeth of Metacom and the same sort of thing happened with Tecumseh. There are stories about Tecumseh UJqpzoE89qo-00148-00069933-00070243 having been had strips of his skin taken off to turn into UJqpzoE89qo-00149-00070311-00070898 Adam Franti: belts or razors straps and you can probably guess that the same thing did not happen to Isaac Brock or UJqpzoE89qo-00150-00070900-00071347 to General Wolfe or to Admiral Nelson, right, they were treated with respect and dignity. UJqpzoE89qo-00151-00071371-00071838 Adam Franti: Because they're part of the same civilizing project, right, they're sitting at the same rung of that ladder UJqpzoE89qo-00152-00071840-00071995 of civilization. UJqpzoE89qo-00153-00072039-00072367 Adam Franti: And they don't need to be civilized, they already are. Whereas death and mutilation and desecration of UJqpzoE89qo-00154-00072369-00073269 the memory is a major portion of what Americans and you know prior white colonists UJqpzoE89qo-00155-00073489-00074229 Adam Franti: had thought was part of the point of living on this continent. And their kind of work and destiny for the continent as well. UJqpzoE89qo-00156-00074313-00074914 Adam Franti: So essentially there's, we could go on for a long time, but I think the takeaway here is that these UJqpzoE89qo-00157-00074914-00075227 literary dimensions of the death of famous people UJqpzoE89qo-00158-00075729-00076149 Adam Franti: have this sort of residue that filters, even down to the popular culture of the time and you cannot separate the UJqpzoE89qo-00159-00076157-00076854 Adam Franti: kind of the hideous policies of the American government from the just popular understanding of what the UJqpzoE89qo-00160-00076856-00077425 American project was even down to a level of a simple soldier in the 19th and the 20th century. UJqpzoE89qo-00161-00077425-00077804 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Thank you, Adam for drawing our attention to these interesting disparities between the UJqpzoE89qo-00162-00077802-00078091 posthumous treatment of indigenous and white leaders. UJqpzoE89qo-00163-00078179-00078584 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Our next speaker today is Katie Truex who holds a master's degree from the University of Edinburgh UJqpzoE89qo-00164-00078586-00078817 specializing in the history of medicine. UJqpzoE89qo-00165-00078827-00079454 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: She currently works for Lone Star College in Texas, she will be presenting her paper "Dealing UJqpzoE89qo-00166-00079456-00079903 with Catastrophe: Medical Men and the Diseases of Women in 19th Century Britain." UJqpzoE89qo-00167-00079903-00080376 Katie Truax: The history of gynecology and the study of women's diseases in the 19th century is fraught with UJqpzoE89qo-00168-00080378-00080535 controversy and debate. UJqpzoE89qo-00169-00080575-00081131 Katie Truax: Some of the most prominent practitioners, including J. Marian Sims, considered to be the father of minor gynecology, UJqpzoE89qo-00170-00081175-00081515 Katie Truax: made major advancements in the field at the expense of those they practiced upon UJqpzoE89qo-00171-00081563-00082160 Katie Truax: In the case of Sims he developed techniques on un-anesthetized slave women, including performing UJqpzoE89qo-00172-00082162-00082711 controversial surgeries and inviting spectators. In the case of Isaac Baker Brown, who practiced in London. UJqpzoE89qo-00173-00082767-00083318 Katie Truax: He performed Cliterodectomies, the removal of the clitoris as a cure for physical, mental, or moral UJqpzoE89qo-00174-00083321-00083603 disturbances, without the consent of many of his patients. UJqpzoE89qo-00175-00083671-00084195 Katie Truax: The history of gynecology in the 19th century, however, is not a straightforward tale of exploitation. UJqpzoE89qo-00176-00084235-00084898 Katie Truax: But rather a murky morass of moral expectations, medical reputations, the developing field of medical UJqpzoE89qo-00177-00084900-00085343 professionalism, deviant female bodies, and genuine suffering for sick women. UJqpzoE89qo-00178-00085403-00086001 Katie Truax: This paper will focus on ovarian Dropsy as a general category for swelling caused by cysts and tumors of UJqpzoE89qo-00179-00086003-00086255 the ovary in the first half of the 19th century. UJqpzoE89qo-00180-00086327-00086812 Katie Truax: In 19th century Britain, medical men were choosing to practice on gynecological issues with some authority UJqpzoE89qo-00181-00086814-00086975 compared to previous years. UJqpzoE89qo-00182-00087011-00087451 Katie Truax: Although they were held in low regard by physicians of less taboo areas, and were not always UJqpzoE89qo-00183-00087453-00087599 trusted by their patients. UJqpzoE89qo-00184-00087647-00088079 Katie Truax: Concerns about reputation and their ability to make money would drive many of their actions. UJqpzoE89qo-00185-00088127-00088579 Katie Truax: Women's bodies and the outcomes of birth had become more important to the state in recent years, and to UJqpzoE89qo-00186-00088581-00088731 scientific inquiry. UJqpzoE89qo-00187-00088783-00089313 Katie Truax: And there were also growing numbers of medical organizational and regulatory bodies as well as professional UJqpzoE89qo-00188-00089315-00089491 societies and publications. UJqpzoE89qo-00189-00089575-00090195 Katie Truax: One such publication was the Lancet, one of the major sources for this paper, the Lancet is a medical UJqpzoE89qo-00190-00090197-00090403 journal that began publishing in 1824 UJqpzoE89qo-00191-00090455-00091055 Katie Truax: And is a reflection of and contributed to the increasing sense of professional identity for medical men at the time. UJqpzoE89qo-00192-00091115-00091718 Katie Truax: The Lancet published the articles they felt would be most useful to the medical community, selecting UJqpzoE89qo-00193-00091721-00092043 important lectures, cases, correspondence, reviews, and debates. UJqpzoE89qo-00194-00092079-00092728 Katie Truax: Hospital reports were published weekly along with occasional reports on death statistics. Practitioners of UJqpzoE89qo-00195-00092731-00093163 medicine might have several reasons to write to and be published in the Lancet. UJqpzoE89qo-00196-00093247-00093804 Katie Truax: To establish a positive reputation in the field by contributing to the collective knowledge, to report about UJqpzoE89qo-00197-00093807-00094115 novel treatments of their own invention that were performing well, UJqpzoE89qo-00198-00094187-00094843 Katie Truax: and to record interesting cases and outcomes. Ovarian Dropsy and ovarian disease certainly produced UJqpzoE89qo-00199-00094846-00095179 interesting cases. Dropsy presented as a swollen abdomen. UJqpzoE89qo-00200-00095243-00095651 Katie Truax: sometimes as large as and often mistaken for a full term pregnancy. UJqpzoE89qo-00201-00095699-00096352 Katie Truax: One of the most popular treatments, paracentesis, provided a spectacle as the physician tapped the patient by UJqpzoE89qo-00202-00096354-00096699 piercing the skin with a hollow trocar containing a cannula UJqpzoE89qo-00203-00096747-00097342 Katie Truax: and then withdrawing the trocar, causing a dramatic gush of liquid that made a woman as large as if she UJqpzoE89qo-00204-00097344-00097651 was just going to lie in become as flat as a man or a maiden. UJqpzoE89qo-00205-00097727-00098360 Katie Truax: The clear relief and immediate change in physical appearance impressed patients, families and fellow doctors alike. UJqpzoE89qo-00206-00098459-00098794 Katie Truax: So why then is Ovarian Dropsy an appropriate topic for a conference about catastrophe and chaos UJqpzoE89qo-00207-00098907-00099461 Katie Truax: and a panel about trauma and power. The catastrophe lies in the inevitable recurrence of UJqpzoE89qo-00208-00099463-00099647 the Dropsy UJqpzoE89qo-00209-00099679-00100161 Katie Truax: and death that followed treatment. The incurability of ovarian Dropsy was catastrophic for the UJqpzoE89qo-00210-00100163-00100323 women who suffered UJqpzoE89qo-00211-00100367-00100960 Katie Truax: And could also be catastrophic for the medical men trying to treat the disease if they could not find ways UJqpzoE89qo-00212-00100962-00101243 to control the narrative and preserve their reputations. UJqpzoE89qo-00213-00101311-00101984 Katie Truax: One expert in gynecology, Professor Simpson of Edinburgh, maintained in 1846 that in nine out of 10 cases of UJqpzoE89qo-00214-00101986-00102492 ovarian cysts, the disease pursued a regular progress toward enlargement, insufferable UJqpzoE89qo-00215-00102494-00102999 dissension, local irritation, constitutional exhaustion, and death. UJqpzoE89qo-00216-00102999-00103583 Katie Truax: The London University Medical Society agreed that as Ovarian Dropsy is now considered incurable, some UJqpzoE89qo-00217-00103585-00103847 hazard might justifiably be run in its treatment. UJqpzoE89qo-00218-00103951-00104503 Katie Truax: Physician Congress Selwyn observed that knowing the disease to be incurable, there are females who would UJqpzoE89qo-00219-00104506-00104795 rather try a hazardous proceeding with the chance of a cure UJqpzoE89qo-00220-00104827-00105448 Katie Truax: than be left to their feet. Physicians would indeed try hazardous treatments such as the injection of UJqpzoE89qo-00221-00105450-00105715 iodine and ovariotomy, but to little avail. UJqpzoE89qo-00222-00105815-00106332 Katie Truax: This rhetoric of incurability had to be used carefully, one would never mention it in front of UJqpzoE89qo-00223-00106335-00106583 patients less their faith in the physician be shaken. UJqpzoE89qo-00224-00106627-00106998 Katie Truax: Medical men had to carefully protect the reputations to maintain their authority UJqpzoE89qo-00225-00107000-00107123 and keep their career. UJqpzoE89qo-00226-00107175-00107843 Katie Truax: 'Incurable' is also not found in any of the case books or letters about cases in progress. It is only in two UJqpzoE89qo-00227-00107846-00108247 situations that the term was used. One, when a case was concluded a death. UJqpzoE89qo-00228-00108283-00108893 Katie Truax: because incurability meant that the death was inevitable and any blame was removed from the physician and UJqpzoE89qo-00229-00108896-00109583 their methods. Two, when a patient recovered the physician could triumph over the catastrophe and take credit for their mastery of death. UJqpzoE89qo-00230-00109667-00110305 Katie Truax: Isaac Baker Brown was skilled at creating a narrative and using the rhetoric of incurability to shape UJqpzoE89qo-00231-00110307-00110519 his reputation and create authority. UJqpzoE89qo-00232-00110571-00111174 Katie Truax: At the beginning of his career he adopted a conservative range of treatments already accepted and then UJqpzoE89qo-00233-00111176-00111651 claimed that this disease can be cured by a plan, free from danger or any ill consequences. UJqpzoE89qo-00234-00111715-00112282 Katie Truax: He said this, despite his death rates being essentially the same as other practitioners. Physicians UJqpzoE89qo-00235-00112284-00112680 debated him about his claim that he could cure the incurable, but this did not UJqpzoE89qo-00236-00112682-00113119 expose him and in fact increased his visibility and therefore his reputation and career. UJqpzoE89qo-00237-00113223-00113775 Katie Truax: When surgical removal of the ovaries, called ovariotomy, began to gain more legitimacy Baker Brown was UJqpzoE89qo-00238-00113777-00114279 willing to switch from his previous dislike of the treatment and again claim that he had found a cure. UJqpzoE89qo-00239-00114363-00114941 Katie Truax: This flew in the face of the overall high death rates that came with the surgery and claims from some UJqpzoE89qo-00240-00114943-00115171 the Baker Brown was exaggerating his numbers. UJqpzoE89qo-00241-00115211-00115794 Katie Truax: Nevertheless, he was recognized as an authority and his career flourished. He was successful in controlling the narrative. UJqpzoE89qo-00242-00115875-00116461 Katie Truax: It was not until much later, after the 1860s, that ovariotomy began to improve death rates in ovarian UJqpzoE89qo-00243-00116464-00116751 disease due to improvements in technique and anti-sepsis. UJqpzoE89qo-00244-00116811-00117404 Katie Truax: By then Baker Brown had been drummed out of the field, not due to his practice of cliterodectomies but UJqpzoE89qo-00245-00117406-00117999 due to the damage he did to the reputation of the medical community in conduct that deeply offended professional norms. UJqpzoE89qo-00246-00118063-00118678 Katie Truax: This behavior included his pursuit of publicity, a tradesmanlike action, and advertising which quote UJqpzoE89qo-00247-00118681-00119079 testified to the presence of mercenary concerns unworthy of a gentleman. UJqpzoE89qo-00248-00119127-00119340 Katie Truax: The Chaos surrounding Ovarian Dropsy UJqpzoE89qo-00249-00119342-00119555 can also be seen in the pages of the Lancet. UJqpzoE89qo-00250-00119619-00120104 Katie Truax: Some believe that Ovarian Dropsy was a disease unto itself while others believe that it was merely symptom UJqpzoE89qo-00251-00120106-00120267 of some greater disorder. UJqpzoE89qo-00252-00120327-00120807 Katie Truax: Medical men tried to create narratives of progress and control when there was little of either to be had. UJqpzoE89qo-00253-00120875-00121474 Katie Truax: For example, one leading obstetrician, William Hunter, had said very little in his publications about UJqpzoE89qo-00254-00121477-00121751 Ovarian Dropsy except for the following in 1762: UJqpzoE89qo-00255-00121811-00122335 Katie Truax: "A patient will have the best chance of living longest under it who does the least to get rid of it." UJqpzoE89qo-00256-00122403-00122879 Katie Truax: Those physicians who favorite more traditional medicines and a conservative approach could therefore quote UJqpzoE89qo-00257-00122881-00123039 Hunter to justify their treatments. UJqpzoE89qo-00258-00123087-00123734 Katie Truax: On another occasion, however, Hunter suggested that extirpation or ovariotomy might be a viable treatment and UJqpzoE89qo-00259-00123736-00124323 thus he was also used as an authority to justify the more radical surgeries beginning to occur in the 1800s. UJqpzoE89qo-00260-00124383-00124844 Katie Truax: In another example for one physician because of patient had gone through a difficult labor prior to UJqpzoE89qo-00261-00124846-00124999 diagnosis with Ovarian Dropsy. UJqpzoE89qo-00262-00125039-00125628 Katie Truax: It made sense the disease have taken root and the labor was blamed as the cause. For another physician, the UJqpzoE89qo-00263-00125630-00126019 difficult labor actually meant a woman was less likely to develop Dropsy after. UJqpzoE89qo-00264-00126087-00126684 Katie Truax: As they believed that not exercising the woman's proper role of childbirth was what led to the disease. The UJqpzoE89qo-00265-00126686-00126903 relationship between Dropsy and pregnancy UJqpzoE89qo-00266-00126963-00127466 Katie Truax: also provided fertile ground for a physician to control the narrative of disease by placing blame for the UJqpzoE89qo-00267-00127468-00127635 death on the patient and her behavior. UJqpzoE89qo-00268-00127703-00128312 Katie Truax: Cases ending and death were attributed to a woman's body being difficult to diagnose or her honesty UJqpzoE89qo-00269-00128314-00128763 being called into question, or some aspect of her behavior being immoral or improper UJqpzoE89qo-00270-00128823-00129338 Katie Truax: One Lancet article claimed that a woman was convinced that she was suffering from Dropsy and sharply UJqpzoE89qo-00271-00129340-00129647 rebuffed the physician each time he suggested she might be pregnant. UJqpzoE89qo-00272-00129715-00130322 Katie Truax: She begged him to be tapped and he gave in despite his belief that she was pregnant and the general UJqpzoE89qo-00273-00130325-00130535 taboo against tapping during pregnancy. UJqpzoE89qo-00274-00130587-00131012 Katie Truax: The Physician claimed it gave her no relief and he was proven right when her labor pains came on UJqpzoE89qo-00275-00131014-00131155 within four days. UJqpzoE89qo-00276-00131211-00131712 Katie Truax: The case write-up, placed the blame for pain and wrong course of treatment on the patient and the physician UJqpzoE89qo-00277-00131714-00132095 downplayed his role in the tapping while still pointing out that his diagnosis was correct. UJqpzoE89qo-00278-00132167-00132813 Katie Truax: In another example medical men battle through letters in the Lancet over the cause of death for a young UJqpzoE89qo-00279-00132816-00133051 patient of pious reputation and unmarried. UJqpzoE89qo-00280-00133143-00133695 Katie Truax: Several physicians unable to curb the advance of the Dropsy decided to proclaim her pregnant in order to UJqpzoE89qo-00281-00133697-00133975 save professional reputation, according to one physician. UJqpzoE89qo-00282-00134031-00134498 Katie Truax: Another physician who had not even been present but had a good reputation himself, stood up for the UJqpzoE89qo-00283-00134500-00134655 colleague accused of misbehavior. UJqpzoE89qo-00284-00134691-00135146 Katie Truax: He wrote that the patient herself started the erroneous version of events and was trying to blame the UJqpzoE89qo-00285-00135148-00135299 physician for her own wrongdoing. UJqpzoE89qo-00286-00135355-00135857 Katie Truax: And this episode, the physician under suspicion was able to displace blame onto the patient for UJqpzoE89qo-00287-00135860-00136211 misdiagnosis and rely on the reputation of his colleague to escape censure. UJqpzoE89qo-00288-00136251-00136862 Katie Truax: It was even easier to blame a non-pious patient for their disease. Habits of excess, indolence, or suspected UJqpzoE89qo-00289-00136865-00137235 sexual impropriety were related in various cases to the cause of Dropsy. UJqpzoE89qo-00290-00137283-00137843 Katie Truax: At St. Bartholomew's Hospital, an unmarried young woman who had suddenly entered on a very irregular UJqpzoE89qo-00291-00137845-00138231 course of life admitted that her generative organs had been greatly overtaxed. UJqpzoE89qo-00292-00138279-00138600 Katie Truax: She was attacked with abdominal pain, and the practitioner found it very natural that suspicion at once, UJqpzoE89qo-00293-00138603-00138715 should have been turned toward the ovary. UJqpzoE89qo-00294-00138711-00139412 Katie Truax: Her sexual morality led to her disease and this case, the physician wrote that if the patient had only been UJqpzoE89qo-00295-00139436-00139736 more honest with him about what her improprieties had been he could have cured her. UJqpzoE89qo-00296-00139861-00140229 Katie Truax: Finally, even as ovariotomy began to be more widely accepted, UJqpzoE89qo-00297-00140237-00140809 Katie Truax: women took the blame for another outcome of the surgery besides their deaths. If they survived removal of UJqpzoE89qo-00298-00140811-00141009 the ovary led to ungendering of a woman. UJqpzoE89qo-00299-00141023-00141549 Katie Truax: She lost her womanly shaped due to the Dropsy and then never gained it when the ovary was removed. Her inability UJqpzoE89qo-00300-00141552-00142051 to maintain a feminine figure or produce children after the surgery meant that she had little value to society. UJqpzoE89qo-00301-00142191-00142820 Katie Truax: The question still remains in medicine today. How do we deal with the problems exposed during a chaotic UJqpzoE89qo-00302-00142822-00143199 period without medical progress? As seen in this study of ovarian Dropsy. UJqpzoE89qo-00303-00143213-00143333 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Thank you. Katie for your compelling UJqpzoE89qo-00304-00143335-00143736 insights into the 19th century perception of women's medical concerns. UJqpzoE89qo-00305-00143736-00144435 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Our next speaker today is Dr. Stephanie Montgomery, Dr. Montgomery is an assistant professor of UJqpzoE89qo-00306-00144438-00145297 history and Asian Studies at St. Olaf College, she will be presenting her paper a den of monsters women crime and and the city in 1930s China. UJqpzoE89qo-00307-00145297-00146170 Stephanie Montgomery: Thank you for that introduction Lisa. So my talk today examines writers in the popular press in 1920s and UJqpzoE89qo-00308-00146197-00146898 Stephanie Montgomery: 1930s China who wrote really pointedly on the pervasiveness of crime in cities and supposedly the UJqpzoE89qo-00309-00146901-00147405 dire problem of women's crime. And my argument is basically that this body of writing UJqpzoE89qo-00310-00147408-00147967 Stephanie Montgomery: is really historically significant because it pulls in these two more well known conversations about UJqpzoE89qo-00311-00148000-00148585 Stephanie Montgomery: the status of women in 20th century China and the increasing authoritativeness of science as a UJqpzoE89qo-00312-00148587-00148939 lens to view the entire world and we might even say a kind of scientism. UJqpzoE89qo-00313-00149012-00149707 Stephanie Montgomery: So popular writers drew from both of these conversations to analyze women's crime and the result UJqpzoE89qo-00314-00149709-00150208 was that criminalized women were perceived as victims of Chinese patriarchal society, UJqpzoE89qo-00315-00150267-00150826 Stephanie Montgomery: but also biologically inferior to their male counterparts and hence more prone to cry. So I UJqpzoE89qo-00316-00150828-00151051 want to give a little bit of background first UJqpzoE89qo-00317-00151104-00151709 Stephanie Montgomery: to what's going on in China in the early 20th century, and a little bit more on these two big UJqpzoE89qo-00318-00151711-00152231 conversations in relation to crime, and finally, you know what popular writers were actually saying. UJqpzoE89qo-00319-00152335-00152847 Stephanie Montgomery: Okay, so first. So what's going on in early 20th century China? So UJqpzoE89qo-00320-00152967-00153665 Stephanie Montgomery: the last imperial dynasty of China, the Qing dynasty, ended in 1911. There was a revolution and UJqpzoE89qo-00321-00153667-00153927 the establishment of the Republic of China. UJqpzoE89qo-00322-00153976-00154593 Stephanie Montgomery: And so in 1911 you often hear about the republican government or UJqpzoE89qo-00323-00154595-00155256 the Nationalist Party is the head of this, but really initially power was primarily in the hands UJqpzoE89qo-00324-00155258-00156159 of what came to be known as local warlords, or local governors with armies. And it's not until 1928 actually that the Nationalist, UJqpzoE89qo-00325-00156259-00156945 Stephanie Montgomery: the Nationalist Party is able to, you know, really maintain control and kind of wrest power from UJqpzoE89qo-00326-00156948-00157176 these warlords, at least in cities. UJqpzoE89qo-00327-00157247-00157857 Stephanie Montgomery: So it was an incredibly unstable situation of nominal and weak power and control that was UJqpzoE89qo-00328-00157860-00158347 primarily in cities that were still experiencing a lot of trouble with poverty and crime. UJqpzoE89qo-00329-00158467-00159168 Stephanie Montgomery: So these two conversations, then, the woman problem and the question of science. So, at the same UJqpzoE89qo-00330-00159170-00159531 time in the early 20th century, intellectuals and writers UJqpzoE89qo-00331-00159563-00160120 Stephanie Montgomery: including in the popular press were really concerned about this so called woman problem. So what UJqpzoE89qo-00332-00160123-00160480 was the woman problem? It might have [been] inspired by, as historians have documented, UJqpzoE89qo-00333-00160520-00161121 Stephanie Montgomery: the woman question of Europe from the Renaissance onward and in early 20th century China this UJqpzoE89qo-00334-00161124-00161323 phrase really comes to refer to UJqpzoE89qo-00335-00161355-00161535 Stephanie Montgomery: concerns over the status of women as UJqpzoE89qo-00336-00161537-00161732 uneducated, as illiterate, as foot bound, and as economically UJqpzoE89qo-00337-00161735-00161927 dependent on men. UJqpzoE89qo-00338-00162155-00162847 Stephanie Montgomery: And because women were still the primary caregivers of children, this also led to concerns UJqpzoE89qo-00339-00162849-00163303 over the future of China, the Chinese race and the nation city. And so again UJqpzoE89qo-00340-00163306-00163759 we see this kind of duality where women are simultaneously victims of UJqpzoE89qo-00341-00163876-00164638 Stephanie Montgomery: Chinese patriarchal traditions, but also they are then to blame for China being unmodern and UJqpzoE89qo-00342-00164641-00165512 supposedly lagging behind other modern nations. So the science part of this conversation is also happening in intellectual circles. UJqpzoE89qo-00343-00165647-00166121 Stephanie Montgomery: Intellectuals are championing the values of 'Mr Democracy' and UJqpzoE89qo-00344-00166123-00166596 'Mr Sciences', they turn them to replace traditional Confucian values. So UJqpzoE89qo-00345-00166599-00166972 science is kind of status and its application to human affairs was UJqpzoE89qo-00346-00166974-00167347 really appealing in this tension between the traditional and modern. UJqpzoE89qo-00347-00167467-00168125 Stephanie Montgomery: By the 1920s and the 1930s, and that's kind of the period I'm interested in, there's this really UJqpzoE89qo-00348-00168128-00168467 robust social science conversation happening about crime and UJqpzoE89qo-00349-00168516-00169249 Stephanie Montgomery: within that a subset on women's crime. So the so-called criminal or problem women within this UJqpzoE89qo-00350-00169252-00169496 larger woman problem in society. UJqpzoE89qo-00351-00169588-00170133 Stephanie Montgomery: So Chinese social social scientists are concerned with why women turn to crime, especially in UJqpzoE89qo-00352-00170135-00170555 urban spaces and cities. Historians have shown that they perceive those as very dangerous. UJqpzoE89qo-00353-00170555-00171138 Stephanie Montgomery: They focus on lower class woman, and especially their vulnerable status within that social UJqpzoE89qo-00354-00171140-00171359 structure. And they're really influenced by UJqpzoE89qo-00355-00171463-00172147 Stephanie Montgomery: you know, the University of Chicago, Chicago School of sociology and research out of Columbia UJqpzoE89qo-00356-00172150-00172720 that begins to center the structural, social causes of crime as opposed to some earlier research UJqpzoE89qo-00357-00172755-00173291 Stephanie Montgomery: that we might call criminal anthropology that looked especially at biological and UJqpzoE89qo-00358-00173294-00173472 physiological reasons for crime. UJqpzoE89qo-00359-00173604-00174061 Stephanie Montgomery: So where do popular writers fit into all of this? well writers of the popular press UJqpzoE89qo-00360-00174064-00174216 in the 1920s and 30s UJqpzoE89qo-00361-00174251-00174991 Stephanie Montgomery: they were actually kind of well read surprisingly. They also argued for these kind of structural UJqpzoE89qo-00362-00174994-00175696 and social causes after reading and being very turned into, attuned into the Chinese social science literature. UJqpzoE89qo-00363-00175788-00176431 Stephanie Montgomery: So they argued that women had lower status in the family, poor women had to labor outside of the UJqpzoE89qo-00364-00176433-00176892 home and they were more vulnerable to things that were labeled crime like sex work. UJqpzoE89qo-00365-00176935-00177438 Stephanie Montgomery: And they were also very suspicious of cities. And so the title of this paper 'A Den of Monsters' is UJqpzoE89qo-00366-00177441-00177608 actually inspired by UJqpzoE89qo-00367-00177688-00178256 Stephanie Montgomery: a quotation from a Japanese writer who was translated in the popular press in Shanghai, who called UJqpzoE89qo-00368-00178259-00178535 Shanghai a den of monsters and was worried about crime. UJqpzoE89qo-00369-00178616-00179188 Stephanie Montgomery: So although popular writers acknowledge those social structures, on the other hand, they UJqpzoE89qo-00370-00179190-00179600 also put forth a lot of arguments that woman's crime was connected directly to UJqpzoE89qo-00371-00179688-00180208 Stephanie Montgomery: Female biology. And so the notion that women are more likely to commit crimes during UJqpzoE89qo-00372-00180211-00180384 menstruation or pregnancy, UJqpzoE89qo-00373-00180420-00181012 Stephanie Montgomery: that crime was tied to women's emotional and psychological states, their sexual lives, their UJqpzoE89qo-00374-00181015-00181543 physical appearance, their marital status, their fertility and how many children they may have had. This is UJqpzoE89qo-00375-00181572-00182335 Stephanie Montgomery: all part of the landscape of how women were supposedly more prone to crime. What's UJqpzoE89qo-00376-00182337-00183059 interesting, and most significant I think historically, to me, is that these popular writers, they really UJqpzoE89qo-00377-00183063-00183842 Stephanie Montgomery: cited this diverse local and kind of global and surprisingly, kind of cutting edge research to UJqpzoE89qo-00378-00183844-00184318 create this patchwork of evidence in their writing. And this range from, UJqpzoE89qo-00379-00184320-00184827 you know, like we said, serious sociological studies from Chinese scholars. UJqpzoE89qo-00380-00184959-00185614 Stephanie Montgomery: So they were very turned tuned into that social science discussion. They knew all about that UJqpzoE89qo-00381-00185616-00186439 literature, they cited it, but they also cited racist science from Japanese researchers who are looking at Ainu women versus Japanese women, UJqpzoE89qo-00382-00186467-00187049 Stephanie Montgomery: mid-century, you know, European criminologist writing. So kind of more that criminal answer UJqpzoE89qo-00383-00187051-00187247 anthropology writing like Lombroso UJqpzoE89qo-00384-00187247-00187920 Stephanie Montgomery: and to some extent 20th century US sociologists, so they were pulling in all of these different UJqpzoE89qo-00385-00187922-00188155 conversations on crime. And you might not UJqpzoE89qo-00386-00188220-00189261 Stephanie Montgomery: Expect that kind of breadth from writers of the popular press, but in a way they were extremely well read. And I think that kind of signals UJqpzoE89qo-00387-00189264-00190056 an interest in science with the conclusions that they ended up drawing, where I think Chinese social scientists would say a bit dated. UJqpzoE89qo-00388-00190096-00190812 Stephanie Montgomery: So just a few kind of thoughts, you know, to conclude here. What is UJqpzoE89qo-00389-00190816-00191277 Stephanie Montgomery: important about this conversation. What was the result. Well first you know we've said that it UJqpzoE89qo-00390-00191279-00191527 fits into these larger conversations that were really important UJqpzoE89qo-00391-00191547-00192185 Stephanie Montgomery: in early 20th century China, the genre of heated debate about the woman problem and UJqpzoE89qo-00392-00192187-00192596 then also this global conversation on science bordering on kind of scientism. UJqpzoE89qo-00393-00192596-00193217 Stephanie Montgomery: So popular writers conclude that women's crime is a threat to the domestic sphere but not UJqpzoE89qo-00394-00193219-00194027 only that, the Chinese race, the future of building a modern Chinese society; and they pull on these conversations to kind of make their point and UJqpzoE89qo-00395-00194047-00194584 Stephanie Montgomery: It's striking to me that the conversations and their conclusions are are really not new. UJqpzoE89qo-00396-00194587-00194827 Right. I think we can think of a lot of examples, UJqpzoE89qo-00397-00194827-00195059 Stephanie Montgomery: Especially in patriarchal societies UJqpzoE89qo-00398-00195061-00195355 historically this is the case, for China and others., UJqpzoE89qo-00399-00195355-00196031 Stephanie Montgomery: in which women are simultaneously kind of protected for their vulnerabilities, but then UJqpzoE89qo-00400-00196033-00196423 also blamed for domestic and even social problems and in this case UJqpzoE89qo-00401-00196459-00196978 Stephanie Montgomery: the stories and bodies of criminalized women were scrutinized through the lens of science, or even UJqpzoE89qo-00402-00196978-00197897 scientism and they became this warning or call to fix social problems in Chinese cities and in the nation as a whole. Thank you. UJqpzoE89qo-00403-00197900-00198679 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Thank you Stephanie for this incredible introduction to perceptions of women and female criminality in early 20th century China. UJqpzoE89qo-00404-00198679-00199455 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Our final speaker today is Dr. Margaret Brzycki. Dr. Brzycki is an assistant professor at the History UJqpzoE89qo-00405-00199455-00200007 and Anthropology Department at Monmouth University. She will be presenting her paper UJqpzoE89qo-00406-00200009-00200547 "Young People in the Chinese Great Leap Forward and its Aftermath, 1958 to 1962" UJqpzoE89qo-00407-00200547-00201020 Melissa Brzycki: Hello everyone my research today is about how records of UJqpzoE89qo-00408-00201022-00201495 criminalized children and young people in the People's Republic of China UJqpzoE89qo-00409-00201495-00202165 Melissa Brzycki: can help us understand how children and young people might have reacted to the disruptions and UJqpzoE89qo-00410-00202168-00202587 scarcity of the Great Leap Forward and subsequent famine and how those UJqpzoE89qo-00411-00202590-00203003 survival strategies might have been limited by factors like gender. UJqpzoE89qo-00412-00203123-00203867 Melissa Brzycki: So the Great Leap Forward began in 1958, and it was a national campaign that impacted pretty much all UJqpzoE89qo-00413-00203869-00204311 Chinese People's Daily social and material lives, including children. UJqpzoE89qo-00414-00204407-00205156 Melissa Brzycki: The goal of the Great Leap Forward was to take agricultural surplus out of the countryside and use UJqpzoE89qo-00415-00205158-00205499 that to fund industrial development for the country. UJqpzoE89qo-00416-00205559-00206276 Melissa Brzycki: So this was a fundamentally extractive campaign in the countryside. Now, in order to get as much UJqpzoE89qo-00417-00206279-00206643 agricultural surplus as possible out of the rural areas, UJqpzoE89qo-00418-00206679-00207327 Melissa Brzycki: the state was trying to get labor out of as many people as possible. And so for many families and for UJqpzoE89qo-00419-00207330-00207623 many people for the first time, this included women. UJqpzoE89qo-00420-00207679-00208226 Melissa Brzycki: Women were now expected to work outside the home and so this also meant that, UJqpzoE89qo-00421-00208228-00208775 for the first time in many families lives, the primary caretaker for children and the elderly. UJqpzoE89qo-00422-00208843-00209485 Melissa Brzycki: was working outside the home during the day. Now, the State did take this into account as a part of UJqpzoE89qo-00423-00209487-00210023 the national campaign. So one of the other aspects of the Great Leap Forward was collectivization. UJqpzoE89qo-00424-00210043-00210393 Melissa Brzycki: Collectivization of agriculture but collectivization UJqpzoE89qo-00425-00210395-00210771 of all aspects of life, including the creation of daycares for children. UJqpzoE89qo-00426-00210803-00211256 Melissa Brzycki: So this created a lot of changes and disruption in UJqpzoE89qo-00427-00211258-00211711 everyday life, even before the famine began. Now for many reasons. UJqpzoE89qo-00428-00211723-00212206 Melissa Brzycki: the state took more grain out of the countryside than was UJqpzoE89qo-00429-00212208-00212691 sustainable. So despite higher grain totals being reported to the state, UJqpzoE89qo-00430-00212751-00213202 Melissa Brzycki: the actual harvests in 1959 and 1960 were lower UJqpzoE89qo-00431-00213204-00213655 than usual. But the state still took grain from the rural areas UJqpzoE89qo-00432-00213695-00214228 Melissa Brzycki: in line with the fantastical projections that they had received in UJqpzoE89qo-00433-00214230-00214808 part to repay the Soviets for their to the industry and military. So this left behind UJqpzoE89qo-00434-00214811-00215559 far less grain in the rural areas than was necessary for survival and so tens of millions of people died in the famine. UJqpzoE89qo-00435-00215559-00216389 Melissa Brzycki: Now even healthy adults were vulnerable during this time, but the young and the old especially so UJqpzoE89qo-00436-00216391-00216839 the average age of death dropped sharply between 1957 and 1963. UJqpzoE89qo-00437-00216987-00217648 Melissa Brzycki: Now we have relatively little information about how children and young people reacted and responded to UJqpzoE89qo-00438-00217651-00218043 the rapid changes of the Great Leap Forward and the subsequent famine. UJqpzoE89qo-00439-00218067-00218654 Melissa Brzycki: However, by using reports about criminalized children and young people during this time we UJqpzoE89qo-00440-00218656-00219071 can glean some evidence about how children, young people might have reacted. UJqpzoE89qo-00441-00219199-00219663 Melissa Brzycki: So I'm using a report from 1960 and a northern city called Tianjin. UJqpzoE89qo-00442-00219803-00220284 Melissa Brzycki: Tianjin had a system for misbehaving and criminal young people UJqpzoE89qo-00443-00220286-00220755 that included both work study schools and juvenile corrections facilities. UJqpzoE89qo-00444-00220775-00221469 Melissa Brzycki: The majority of the incarcerated young people were boys and had committed theft, which suggests UJqpzoE89qo-00445-00221472-00222367 that these, the work study schools and juvenile correction facilities may have functioned as sort of de facto welfare institutions for young people. UJqpzoE89qo-00446-00222403-00222930 Melissa Brzycki: I have two cases that I want to talk about today. One is Bao Haoming, UJqpzoE89qo-00447-00222932-00223447 a 12 year old boy who was incarcerated for stealing and Zhang Yulan, a 14 year old girl UJqpzoE89qo-00448-00223449-00223755 who was incarcerated for having quote unquote adult UJqpzoE89qo-00449-00223757-00224143 relationships. Both of these names by the way, are pseudonyms. UJqpzoE89qo-00450-00224255-00224985 Melissa Brzycki: So Bao Haoming was a 12 year old boy who was incarcerated at the Tianjing juvenile correction center UJqpzoE89qo-00451-00224987-00225436 in 1960. He was originally sentenced to 15 years imprisonment, an extreme UJqpzoE89qo-00452-00225439-00225863 sentence that was later changed to five years compulsory education. UJqpzoE89qo-00453-00225863-00226543 Melissa Brzycki: Now Bao had apparently formed a gang to steal. Mostly from peasant vendors that came from local UJqpzoE89qo-00454-00226546-00227115 agricultural cooperatives, the young thieves would take advantage of the market rush to steal. UJqpzoE89qo-00455-00227239-00227703 Melissa Brzycki: Now as a part of the report, it is implied but left UJqpzoE89qo-00456-00227705-00228239 unspecified that Bao may have come from an abusive or impoverished household UJqpzoE89qo-00457-00228263-00228845 Melissa Brzycki: In addition, the report does not comment on the fact that Bao's young age, he was 12 years old, and that UJqpzoE89qo-00458-00228848-00229455 is by the Chinese system of counting in the [unclear] and talk about how that's a little bit different than we might count age. UJqpzoE89qo-00459-00229511-00230266 Melissa Brzycki: So his young age, likely should have kept him out of official sentencing and incarceration at the UJqpzoE89qo-00460-00230268-00230778 juvenile correction center. He was among 35 12 and 13 year old children at the UJqpzoE89qo-00461-00230781-00231291 Tianjin juvenile correction center in 1960 out of an overall population of 631. UJqpzoE89qo-00462-00231291-00231587 Melissa Brzycki: So another young person who was incarcerated UJqpzoE89qo-00463-00231589-00231875 at the Tianjin juvenile correction center was Zhang Yulan UJqpzoE89qo-00464-00231887-00232647 Melissa Brzycki: She was 14 years old in 1960 when the report was written, and she had been accused of having quote UJqpzoE89qo-00465-00232650-00233239 adult relationships in exchange for food or money, starting at the age of nine. Now Zhang UJqpzoE89qo-00466-00233242-00233831 was among a minority of girls who are at the facility. There were 71 girls out of the 631. UJqpzoE89qo-00467-00233875-00234519 Melissa Brzycki: And the report gives very little information about these girls or about Zhang specifically. UJqpzoE89qo-00468-00234522-00234967 The report doesn't specify, at what age Zhang was brought into the legal system UJqpzoE89qo-00469-00234969-00235403 and sentenced, what her sentence was, or what her fate was after the report. UJqpzoE89qo-00470-00235435-00236138 Melissa Brzycki: However, by looking at these two cases of Bao and Zhang contrasted that gives a small window into the UJqpzoE89qo-00471-00236138-00236862 survival strategies that were available to children during this time of upheaval and deprivation. UJqpzoE89qo-00472-00236865-00237345 and that the strategies available to young people likely varied by gender. UJqpzoE89qo-00473-00237345-00238045 Melissa Brzycki: So it is possible that boys, most often turned to theft to survive and girls were more UJqpzoE89qo-00474-00238047-00238747 likely to sell sex or to be sold, which is also backed up by other research on other famines in China. UJqpzoE89qo-00475-00238749-00239119 So I look forward to your questions and the discussion. Thank you. UJqpzoE89qo-00476-00239119-00239717 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Thank you Mel for this fascinating look at youth criminality during the Great Leap Forward. UJqpzoE89qo-00477-00239717-00240126 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: I'd like to thank all of our speakers again and invite them to UJqpzoE89qo-00478-00240129-00240539 join me in a discussion of the connecting themes between all four of their papers. UJqpzoE89qo-00479-00240539-00241096 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: To start us off, I'd like to ask all four of you if you could tell us a little bit more about UJqpzoE89qo-00480-00241098-00241417 what inspired you to embark upon this research, and in particular UJqpzoE89qo-00481-00241623-00242169 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: A little more about the source material upon which your research is based. Are there any particular UJqpzoE89qo-00482-00242171-00242641 advantages about working with the records that you did work with or any challenges inherent to these records? UJqpzoE89qo-00483-00242641-00243077 Melissa Brzycki: Yes. So what brought me to this research UJqpzoE89qo-00484-00243217-00243753 Melissa Brzycki: more broadly, is that overall right now my primary research is about UJqpzoE89qo-00485-00243925-00244391 Melissa Brzycki: what type of childhood the state was trying to create during the early period of the People's UJqpzoE89qo-00486-00244393-00245225 Republic of China. So 1949 to 1966 and how families and children responded to these initiatives. UJqpzoE89qo-00487-00245231-00245606 Melissa Brzycki: One of the issues is that there are relatively few UJqpzoE89qo-00488-00245608-00245983 sources that contain the sort of voices and experiences of children. UJqpzoE89qo-00489-00245983-00246703 Melissa Brzycki: The vast majority of the sources that I'm working with are state produced sources and then also UJqpzoE89qo-00490-00246706-00247208 archived by the state. And so looking at the reports and records of misbehaving UJqpzoE89qo-00491-00247210-00247795 and criminalized young people is one of the few areas in which we can see UJqpzoE89qo-00492-00247799-00248102 Melissa Brzycki: the responses of children, and even learn a little UJqpzoE89qo-00493-00248104-00248563 bit about their experiences and the way that they are reported. UJqpzoE89qo-00494-00248563-00249082 Melissa Brzycki: So I was really interested in these reports, because they are among the few that UJqpzoE89qo-00495-00249084-00249713 tell us about this, you know, relatively hard to understand area of life in China at this period. UJqpzoE89qo-00496-00249771-00250220 Melissa Brzycki: The challenges are really the scarcity of sources and how very UJqpzoE89qo-00497-00250223-00250719 much is left unsaid. So I mentioned in the case of Zhang Yulan this 14 year old girl, UJqpzoE89qo-00498-00250823-00251175 Melissa Brzycki: her case is mentioned so briefly. Most of the other UJqpzoE89qo-00499-00251295-00251850 Melissa Brzycki: reports are given a lot more detail. Like, I know a lot more about the boys that are mentioned. UJqpzoE89qo-00500-00251852-00252407 She's the only girl that's mentioned and very little is given about her situation, her sentence, anything else. UJqpzoE89qo-00501-00252467-00252901 Melissa Brzycki: And so a big challenge is really looking at such limited UJqpzoE89qo-00502-00252904-00253519 information and trying to use that to get a better picture of what was going on. UJqpzoE89qo-00503-00253519-00253579 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Excellent, thank you. UJqpzoE89qo-00504-00253683-00254172 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Stephanie, do you find working with Chinese records, similar to the way that Mel finds them? UJqpzoE89qo-00505-00254175-00254443 Because I know that you're working more with literature, right? UJqpzoE89qo-00506-00254531-00255175 Stephanie Montgomery: Well yeah, I definitely am looking at some literary representations. It's interesting because I UJqpzoE89qo-00507-00255343-00255751 Stephanie Montgomery: work with a lot of archival materials. Actually my larger UJqpzoE89qo-00508-00255753-00256219 projects and my, more broadly speaking, I work on incarcerated women and so kind of UJqpzoE89qo-00509-00256303-00257026 Stephanie Montgomery: women's crime and studies of women's crime as a little slice of that. Um, and so UJqpzoE89qo-00510-00257028-00257751 my work is very, very archival based and I really like this aspect, this little slice of my research. UJqpzoE89qo-00511-00257867-00258542 Stephanie Montgomery: Because I get to work with literary representations or with published sources. All the sources UJqpzoE89qo-00512-00258544-00258979 that I'm discussing were published in the popular press, including actually UJqpzoE89qo-00513-00259019-00259592 Stephanie Montgomery: you know those Chinese social science studies. A lot of these academics, you know, UJqpzoE89qo-00514-00259594-00260167 wrote in academic journals, but also in the popular press and so it gives a little balance to my research to see those UJqpzoE89qo-00515-00260287-00260637 Stephanie Montgomery: published sources and because that has been one of the UJqpzoE89qo-00516-00260640-00261047 challenges of working in the archives, especially with things like prison records and UJqpzoE89qo-00517-00261091-00261568 Stephanie Montgomery: You know in a very Foucaldian way. They're all very individuated and these UJqpzoE89qo-00518-00261570-00262087 kind of statistical sources and it's hard to see the kind of humanity in the narrative in that UJqpzoE89qo-00519-00262147-00262763 Stephanie Montgomery: and so I really enjoy working with these published sources that give you kind of more of a story UJqpzoE89qo-00520-00262766-00263195 and a narrative to follow. Even though a lot of these narratives, at least with UJqpzoE89qo-00521-00263197-00263659 the popular writers are quite problematic in the way that they portray women's crime. UJqpzoE89qo-00522-00263731-00264119 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Excellent. Thank you, and so on to Katie. UJqpzoE89qo-00523-00264119-00264379 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: How did you find working with the Lancet as a source? UJqpzoE89qo-00524-00264411-00265168 Katie Truax: It was not my intention originally, it was meant to be a peripheral source because I was really looking UJqpzoE89qo-00525-00265170-00265743 for women's voices who were going through these situations and dealing with the medical UJqpzoE89qo-00526-00265787-00266200 Katie Truax: field at the time I was really interested in UJqpzoE89qo-00527-00266202-00266675 this big gap between major quote unquote progress in medicine. UJqpzoE89qo-00528-00266739-00267339 Katie Truax: And so that's why I was looking at that particular time and it just happened that the Lancet had UJqpzoE89qo-00529-00267341-00267711 begun to publish then. And so it was a very clear window into sources UJqpzoE89qo-00530-00267714-00268111 from all over Britain and also focused a lot on the hospitals in London. UJqpzoE89qo-00531-00268239-00268555 Katie Truax: And it was all of these voices of medical UJqpzoE89qo-00532-00268557-00268903 men talking about their experiences with the disease. And UJqpzoE89qo-00533-00268905-00269651 that's really what you know the sources guided my research and my topic and I never, you know, I have not been able to locate UJqpzoE89qo-00534-00269783-00270505 Katie Truax: You know, much like Mel, there's a massive dearth of sources from the women's point of view, but you UJqpzoE89qo-00535-00270508-00271011 can you know imply quite a bit from what you, what the men have to say about it. UJqpzoE89qo-00536-00271127-00271604 Katie Truax: I also used case books from hospitals from the same time I did UJqpzoE89qo-00537-00271606-00272083 find the case books of one or two doctors who were writing to the Lancet, UJqpzoE89qo-00538-00272115-00272736 Katie Truax: so I compared and contrasted those to see how the cases were treated in the kind of cold hard facts you UJqpzoE89qo-00539-00272738-00273111 see in the case book versus the narratives constructed in the Lancet. UJqpzoE89qo-00540-00273167-00273821 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Fascinating. So Adam I'm going to ask you a similar question about working with your sources, because UJqpzoE89qo-00541-00273824-00274171 it seems like you work with letters and songs and other kind of UJqpzoE89qo-00542-00274223-00274726 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: popular Culture type sources, but then I'm going to open it up to all four of you to sort of give UJqpzoE89qo-00543-00274729-00275163 any other thoughts that you have on what it's like to work with particular sources as a historian. UJqpzoE89qo-00544-00275163-00275535 Adam Franti: Yeah, so my work on this topic, actually. UJqpzoE89qo-00545-00275655-00276159 Adam Franti: partly it's kind of an extension of a lot of the research I'd done for my master's thesis, but UJqpzoE89qo-00546-00276203-00276627 Adam Franti:the actual sort of impetus of the question was from a question on AskHistorians. UJqpzoE89qo-00547-00276663-00277205 Adam Franti: Somebody had asked if anyone had ever claimed to be the person that had killed Edward Pakenham, who UJqpzoE89qo-00548-00277208-00277519 was an English general who was killed in the battle of New Orleans. UJqpzoE89qo-00549-00277583-00278090 Adam Franti: And I looked into this and mostly you know the answer was going to be like, yeah well, nobody. They didn't UJqpzoE89qo-00550-00278093-00278511 really think about battlefield death quite that way. Right. And I started researching and I found UJqpzoE89qo-00551-00278575-00279386 Adam Franti: this massive, massive sort of literary record about how the deaths of these men are treated and I UJqpzoE89qo-00552-00279389-00279791 found that most of them reference each other all the time. UJqpzoE89qo-00553-00279831-00280196 Adam Franti: So when we're looking at like the death of General Montgomery during UJqpzoE89qo-00554-00280198-00280563 the American attempt to capture Quebec at the beginning of the Revolutionary War, UJqpzoE89qo-00555-00280639-00280996 Adam Franti: his death in Quebec is in nearly every single source UJqpzoE89qo-00556-00280998-00281355 directly related to the death of Wolfe, who had died at Quebec. UJqpzoE89qo-00557-00281403-00281799 Adam Franti: just a couple of decades before. Like down to repeating the same sentences. UJqpzoE89qo-00558-00281871-00282468 Adam Franti: And so this kind of like, richness of the literary tradition sort of made me project this into kind of UJqpzoE89qo-00559-00282470-00282771 more of a structural thing. Like, how, how is this meant UJqpzoE89qo-00560-00282863-00283391 Adam Franti: In a sort of a wider scope. And so that led to rereading the journalists that I had read for my thesis and UJqpzoE89qo-00561-00283394-00283635 rereading some of the letters that have been collected. UJqpzoE89qo-00562-00283691-00284192 Adam Franti: And then, of course, contrasting that to the the treatment of indigenous UJqpzoE89qo-00563-00284195-00284691 people who, who are the subject of this very intense but very different scrutiny. UJqpzoE89qo-00564-00284859-00285193 Adam Franti: And the harder part is working with the records of the indigenous, UJqpzoE89qo-00565-00285195-00285503 obviously, because almost all of them come from the white perspective. UJqpzoE89qo-00566-00285547-00286086 Adam Franti: And almost all of them are concerned with things that are about the white experience, right, they UJqpzoE89qo-00567-00286088-00286563 don't care about the indigenous experience, that's not really the questions that are being asked. UJqpzoE89qo-00568-00286667-00287485 Adam Franti: So it was kind of frustrating and difficult to, to deal with it in such a single perspective, sort of a way UJqpzoE89qo-00569-00287488-00288223 and I would really loved to have found more record from the indigenous perspective and any of these wars. UJqpzoE89qo-00570-00288351-00288786 Adam Franti: There, unfortunately isn't much. There's quite a lot of it that has been UJqpzoE89qo-00571-00288788-00289223 written about King Philip's War Jill Lepore's 'The Name of War' is kind of the seminal UJqpzoE89qo-00572-00289375-00289980 Adam Franti: sort of study in this kind of structure and it's incredibly good and I encourage anybody to read it UJqpzoE89qo-00573-00289982-00290407 because I think it'll just make anyone who reads it a better historian. UJqpzoE89qo-00574-00290667-00291032 Adam Franti: You know, even the, the fact that we have such a dearth of the one UJqpzoE89qo-00575-00291034-00291475 perspective tells a story. Right. It's something that we can interrogate, we can scrutinize. UJqpzoE89qo-00576-00291527-00292223 Adam Franti: Because this was a one sided story and it connects again to politics. So, I mean, if I spend any more time on UJqpzoE89qo-00577-00292225-00292598 this side, I probably would have had a much harder time having any UJqpzoE89qo-00578-00292600-00292967 kind of coherent narrative, because there's just so much of it. UJqpzoE89qo-00579-00292995-00293287 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Sounds like a good potential PhD project. UJqpzoE89qo-00580-00293289-00293489 Adam Franti: Yeah UJqpzoE89qo-00581-00293683-00294155 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: So then I'm just going to open it up to you guys. Do you have any final thoughts about sources or UJqpzoE89qo-00582-00294167-00294723 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: what it's like to kind of approach that, and look for those hidden voices in the narrative. UJqpzoE89qo-00583-00294755-00295545 Katie Truax: I can say a little more about the topic and question which I didn't spend too much time on in my paper, UJqpzoE89qo-00584-00295548-00296091 you know, being able to define what Ovarian Dropsy is, is quite difficult because UJqpzoE89qo-00585-00296093-00297061 the process of medicalisation was happening, the process of making it a profession and defining disease, and trying to UJqpzoE89qo-00586-00297064-00297702 identify mechanisms and all of these things were happening in the time I looked at. So every physician had a different UJqpzoE89qo-00587-00297791-00298721 Katie Truax: Terminology they preferred to use, and a different understanding of what Ovarian Dropsy meant, so kind of had to be purposefully big. UJqpzoE89qo-00588-00299721-00300112 Katie Truax: For some of my research, I had to look for about 10 different terms to try to identify when people were talking about what I'm interested UJqpzoE89qo-00589-00300115-00300318 in. So, thank goodness. The Lancet has such a great online database now that UJqpzoE89qo-00590-00300321-00300525 enables that kind of thing. I don't know if I could have done my research. UJqpzoE89qo-00591-00300533-00301103 Katie Truax: in any sort of way that would have taken less than like five or six years UJqpzoE89qo-00592-00301268-00301462 Katie Truax: you know, before the advent of the internet. UJqpzoE89qo-00593-00301563-00301943 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Thank you. So I think I'm going to move on to the next question then. UJqpzoE89qo-00594-00301999-00302291 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: One of the most prominent themes that really shone UJqpzoE89qo-00595-00302294-00302587 through each of your papers was the theme of historical propaganda. UJqpzoE89qo-00596-00302647-00302984 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: As an historian, how do you deal with propaganda in your sources? And do you have any UJqpzoE89qo-00597-00302986-00303323 thoughts about how we in the 21st century can approach and respond to propaganda in our own daily lives? UJqpzoE89qo-00598-00303659-00304103 Adam Franti: This is, again, sort of an extension of a lot of my thesis research, which UJqpzoE89qo-00599-00304105-00304539 was looking at records of the War of 1812 that specifically dealt with the militia. UJqpzoE89qo-00600-00304647-00305139 Adam Franti: And what I found that was quite a lot of the people who had written about the war as UJqpzoE89qo-00601-00305141-00305695 participants did it decades later, the did it in the 1820s and the 1830s and they did it as part of their own UJqpzoE89qo-00602-00305807-00306149 Adam Franti: political aspirations. Some of them were actually like UJqpzoE89qo-00603-00306152-00306547 dueling narratives of the war of 1812 where somebody had written something UJqpzoE89qo-00604-00306575-00307023 Adam Franti: that said, this guy made a mistake in this battle, and that's why we lost and somebody UJqpzoE89qo-00605-00307026-00307475 so that guy wrote a book in response, saying, no, it wasn't my fault, t was the militia's fault. UJqpzoE89qo-00606-00307635-00308212 Adam Franti: And these things are obvious propaganda and, you know, if you read past the couple of UJqpzoE89qo-00607-00308214-00308859 sentences that might be relevant to the research, it's very clear that these are what I call them ego documents. UJqpzoE89qo-00608-00308859-00309207 Adam Franti: And unfortunately in the the vast kind of historiography of the war, that UJqpzoE89qo-00609-00309210-00309559 isn't really interrogated all that much. It's just taken more or less at face value. UJqpzoE89qo-00610-00309579-00309980 Adam Franti: And I think it's, it, it didn't seem to me to be extra UJqpzoE89qo-00611-00309982-00310371 work to really interrogate these sources and kind of see what UJqpzoE89qo-00612-00310371-00310963 Adam Franti: their overall point was, and keep that in mind as I was reading because I think that's essentially the UJqpzoE89qo-00613-00310965-00311407 goal of any historian is to is to ask where does this come from, and what is it arguing? UJqpzoE89qo-00614-00311451-00311958 Adam Franti: And what are maybe the kind of the structural aspects UJqpzoE89qo-00615-00311960-00312467 of power that are being bolstered or criticized in these sources and UJqpzoE89qo-00616-00312575-00313473 Adam Franti: especially when taking this and kind of applying it to a white vs indigenous perspective, that becomes even more obvious. Right. We have UJqpzoE89qo-00617-00313476-00313924 literal bodies being desecrated on one hand, and then the memory of even UJqpzoE89qo-00618-00313926-00314375 enemies being venerated on the other. And it's this very extreme dichotomy UJqpzoE89qo-00619-00314527-00315160 Adam Franti: that it just warrants again a much, much closer reading of the sources that UJqpzoE89qo-00620-00315162-00315795 are treating the deaths of very similar people in these totally, completely opposing ways. UJqpzoE89qo-00621-00315947-00316431 Adam Franti: And you know that propaganda essentially works its way into the popular culture and that UJqpzoE89qo-00622-00316434-00316967 popular culture references itself, right, I talked a little bit about songs, but we can also talk about like UJqpzoE89qo-00623-00316999-00317333 Adam Franti: modern podcasts or modern struggles, especially with we UJqpzoE89qo-00624-00317336-00317671 look at Native American mascots and the politics that surround that or UJqpzoE89qo-00625-00317711-00318312 Adam Franti: if you ever hear reference in a movie, or a podcast, or a ghost hunting show about Indian burial grounds UJqpzoE89qo-00626-00318314-00318895 and it's all the same ideas that you know 100 years ago were part of a guy's attempt to become the president UJqpzoE89qo-00627-00319011-00319472 Adam Franti: and then we're still doing those today because that kind of propaganda UJqpzoE89qo-00628-00319474-00319935 power is so omnipresent, tt's so forceful and it's so unquestioned for the most part. UJqpzoE89qo-00629-00319939-00320099 Katie Truax: Yeah, I can also speak to that. UJqpzoE89qo-00630-00320215-00320355 Katie Truax: One of the things that was UJqpzoE89qo-00631-00320475-00321073 Katie Truax: you know that pushed me into the area I was looking at is, is kind of our ideas about UJqpzoE89qo-00632-00321076-00321675 the conception of failure. Where does failure fit into the medical field? Where does failure fit into our lives? UJqpzoE89qo-00633-00321727-00322321 Katie Truax: Because I think we find a lot in modern life that you spend a lot of effort trying UJqpzoE89qo-00634-00322323-00322911 to cover up mistakes or shortcomings and treat things like everything is is going well UJqpzoE89qo-00635-00322979-00323329 Katie Truax: and things are, you know, happening just the way you UJqpzoE89qo-00636-00323332-00323683 expect them to. And so that kind of idea of you know this one, UJqpzoE89qo-00637-00323707-00324008 Katie Truax: this one great thing that's going to fix everything. UJqpzoE89qo-00638-00324010-00324312 Or this one great thing that will make everything go the way you UJqpzoE89qo-00639-00324314-00324589 expected to is very appealing. And that's a very, you know, UJqpzoE89qo-00640-00324591-00324919 propagandized kind of idea but there should be a place for failure UJqpzoE89qo-00641-00324995-00325489 Katie Truax: in our lives, or mistakes, or shortcomings. And so, you know, I feel like in class UJqpzoE89qo-00642-00325492-00325971 certainly I'm encouraging people who hear that kind of narrative: everything is wonderful, UJqpzoE89qo-00643-00326067-00326407 Katie Truax: we're making great progress here, I can cure this UJqpzoE89qo-00644-00326410-00326794 incurable disease, you know, that that those are the kinds of things that should UJqpzoE89qo-00645-00326796-00327158 set off warning bells. There's something else going on under there, because, UJqpzoE89qo-00646-00327161-00327523 you know, failure is really part of every aspect of the human enterprise. UJqpzoE89qo-00647-00327655-00328243 Katie Truax: And I think it's still a problem for the field of medicine today to be dealing with that. UJqpzoE89qo-00648-00328371-00328677 Katie Truax: That kind of notion, how, how can it fit into our UJqpzoE89qo-00649-00328680-00328987 understanding of what doctors do because people lose trust. UJqpzoE89qo-00650-00329099-00329424 Katie Truax: And you heard a lot in my paper about them trying to control the UJqpzoE89qo-00651-00329427-00329791 narrative to preserve that trust and discussing failure was not any part of that so UJqpzoE89qo-00652-00329791-00330187 Stephanie Montgomery: I think I can speak to that a little bit too, Katie I UJqpzoE89qo-00653-00330190-00330631 think that's really interesting, the, the notion of a failure. Um, and I think UJqpzoE89qo-00654-00330695-00331210 Stephanie Montgomery: where I'm seeing a connection in our work is some, you UJqpzoE89qo-00655-00331213-00331722 know, the kind of proposed solutions, right. So whether it's doctors that UJqpzoE89qo-00656-00331724-00332236 are treating you know women's reproductive issues or suggesting that you know UJqpzoE89qo-00657-00332239-00332751 women need to be incarcerated, right, to kind of cure the ill of crime. UJqpzoE89qo-00658-00332791-00333068 Stephanie Montgomery: And I think that those solutions, UJqpzoE89qo-00659-00333071-00333395 those institutional solutions, whether that's within you know UJqpzoE89qo-00660-00333507-00333930 Stephanie Montgomery: Medicine or whether that's in criminal justice, UJqpzoE89qo-00661-00333932-00334355 they're really informed by these anxieties over women's bodies UJqpzoE89qo-00662-00334443-00334818 Stephanie Montgomery: and women status and role in society. And so UJqpzoE89qo-00663-00334821-00335196 those anxieties over, you know, who's going to produce these future UJqpzoE89qo-00664-00335199-00335565 citizens and the way that that informs, you know, propaganda from UJqpzoE89qo-00665-00335568-00335935 the nation state about what women should do with their bodies. UJqpzoE89qo-00666-00336051-00336740 Stephanie Montgomery: And thinking to kind of contemporary issues that relate to that. Especially, you know, in China. UJqpzoE89qo-00667-00336742-00337467 the, the term leftover women in recent years, that was coined by actually the All China Women's Federation, which is UJqpzoE89qo-00668-00337471-00338067 Stephanie Montgomery: you know, the official party group that is supposed to deal with women's issues and UJqpzoE89qo-00669-00338070-00338370 support women and help women with, you know, these kind UJqpzoE89qo-00670-00338372-00338667 of social struggles in Chinese society and to term UJqpzoE89qo-00671-00338735-00339227 Stephanie Montgomery: anyone over, you know, a certain age in their late 20s, as UJqpzoE89qo-00672-00339251-00339617 Stephanie Montgomery: Leftover women who, you know, aren't going to be able to find a marriage UJqpzoE89qo-00673-00339619-00340031 partner and are they going to be able to have kids. And this is a huge problem for Chinese society. UJqpzoE89qo-00674-00340051-00340477 Stephanie Montgomery: I mean, to me, that really resonates with these anxieties UJqpzoE89qo-00675-00340479-00340895 over women's bodies and their status and can feed this kind of propaganda. UJqpzoE89qo-00676-00340931-00341522 Melissa Brzycki: Yes, I totally agree with that. I'm really glad that you brought that up and I would just add, UJqpzoE89qo-00677-00341525-00341789 Leta Hong Fincher has written about the leftover women UJqpzoE89qo-00678-00341791-00342111 phenomenon really well. So that's another good recommendation. UJqpzoE89qo-00679-00342211-00342674 Melissa Brzycki: Yeah I left this out of my paper, but during the Great Leap Forward UJqpzoE89qo-00680-00342677-00343119 there were storybooks like one that I found from 1959 called a bowl of soybeans. UJqpzoE89qo-00681-00343175-00343702 Melissa Brzycki: And the story book is about this girl whose grandmother steals some soybeans from the UJqpzoE89qo-00682-00343705-00344008 collective fields in order to give them to her granddaughter, UJqpzoE89qo-00683-00344011-00344263 because it's her granddaughter's favorite food. UJqpzoE89qo-00684-00344355-00344775 Melissa Brzycki: And it's framed as a sort of question of loyalty for UJqpzoE89qo-00685-00344777-00345235 the little girl should you report her grandmother or be loyal to the UJqpzoE89qo-00686-00345363-00345744 Melissa Brzycki: Red Scarves, the Young Pioneers, communist Youth League UJqpzoE89qo-00687-00345746-00346203 organization or should she not report her grandmother, who's her primary caretaker. UJqpzoE89qo-00688-00346307-00347016 Melissa Brzycki: But one of the most sinister aspects of this is that all of this is taking place, but the UJqpzoE89qo-00689-00347018-00347371 actual context is left totally unsaid unwritten about UJqpzoE89qo-00690-00347374-00347727 that that is happening in the time of serious famine. UJqpzoE89qo-00691-00347775-00348396 Melissa Brzycki: And any reader, who's reading this would have known that the context was her grandmother was stealing soybeans, UJqpzoE89qo-00692-00348398-00348714 not because they were her granddaughter's favorite food, but likely UJqpzoE89qo-00693-00348717-00349019 because she wanted her granddaughter to have food and survive. UJqpzoE89qo-00694-00349075-00349437 Melissa Brzycki: And so adding in the historical UJqpzoE89qo-00695-00349439-00349863 context can really, I think, help one better understand UJqpzoE89qo-00696-00349935-00350293 Melissa Brzycki: what kind of narrative is being constructed and why UJqpzoE89qo-00697-00350295-00350653 and what kind of power structure is it upholding. So, I think, UJqpzoE89qo-00698-00350655-00351010 yeah, adding in historical context or even if we bring it to a more UJqpzoE89qo-00699-00351013-00351363 present day scenario, just adding in context is really important. UJqpzoE89qo-00700-00351415-00351531 Lisa Baet-Tsarfati: Definitely agreed. UJqpzoE89qo-00701-00351619-00351858 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Does anybody have anything else they want to UJqpzoE89qo-00702-00351860-00352099 say about propaganda or should we move on to the next question? UJqpzoE89qo-00703-00352155-00352323 Katie Truax: We could talk about propaganda for a long time. UJqpzoE89qo-00704-00352515-00352683 Katie Truax: You've got some great questions. So UJqpzoE89qo-00705-00352807-00353180 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: In that case, I'm going to move on to this idea that there's another common UJqpzoE89qo-00706-00353182-00354105 theme in the papers and that is the impact of science, or what may even be termed pseudoscience. UJqpzoE89qo-00707-00354109-00354369 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: And I wonder if the four of you could talk about UJqpzoE89qo-00708-00354372-00354633 how that impacts your papers, a little bit more. This idea of UJqpzoE89qo-00709-00354633-00355032 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: the sort of advent of science in the 19th century, and UJqpzoE89qo-00710-00355042-00355594 how it's used to inform perceptions of the subjects of your papers. UJqpzoE89qo-00711-00355594-00356110 Katie Truax: Well, I was thinking as we were talking a little bit earlier that UJqpzoE89qo-00712-00356266-00356825 Katie Truax: You know, kind of this idea of failure that I mentioned is also part of scientific enterprise. UJqpzoE89qo-00713-00356828-00357386 That is, that's part of the scientific method, that if something you do doesn't work that's just as important UJqpzoE89qo-00714-00357434-00358148 Katie Truax: or helps advance knowledge, just as much as something that does. You know it's it's a result that that gives you information, UJqpzoE89qo-00715-00358150-00358509 but it's really difficult to deal with that in the area of medicine UJqpzoE89qo-00716-00358511-00358842 because that's often people's lives that are UJqpzoE89qo-00717-00358842-00358991 Katie Truax: struggling in that moment to deal with UJqpzoE89qo-00718-00358993-00359162 it. And so, science is being looked to as an authority. UJqpzoE89qo-00719-00359594-00360344 Katie Truax: I believe, Stephanie was talking about this on her paper too, it's this kind of beacon of hope for people. UJqpzoE89qo-00720-00360398-00360418 Katie Truax: that these medical men will be able to to fix the problems. UJqpzoE89qo-00721-00360690-00361107 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: There's definitely something to be said for the fact UJqpzoE89qo-00722-00361110-00361526 as you've noted, there's this rise of science and using science to UJqpzoE89qo-00723-00361566-00361805 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: solve these issues about a UJqpzoE89qo-00724-00361808-00362046 women's gynecological disease in this period. UJqpzoE89qo-00725-00362154-00362585 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: And you make a very good point about the the connection there UJqpzoE89qo-00726-00362587-00363017 between failure and the scientific method, which I think is important to consider. UJqpzoE89qo-00727-00363114-00363597 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: I do feel like all four the papers can touch on this. I mean, Adam, you don't UJqpzoE89qo-00728-00363600-00364082 really talk about science, specifically in your paper but I think that you can probably speak to UJqpzoE89qo-00729-00364118-00364660 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: the kind of like racialisation of science as well; how they're viewing UJqpzoE89qo-00730-00364662-00365258 indigenous people in this period versus like how white people were viewed by other white people. UJqpzoE89qo-00731-00365322-00365731 Adam Franti: Yeah, and that's, you know, it's something that I sort of deliberately left UJqpzoE89qo-00732-00365733-00366174 out of the talk because again it's one of these topics that you could go on for a long time UJqpzoE89qo-00733-00366238-00366771 Adam Franti: talking about. But I think mostly the largest kind of piece UJqpzoE89qo-00734-00366774-00367306 of problematic science or pseudoscience that this touches on is, is the idea of of UJqpzoE89qo-00735-00367382-00367771 Adam Franti: what we call Whig history. The history of progress. Right. The, UJqpzoE89qo-00736-00367774-00368162 the idea that way in the past, every civilization started in this sort of UJqpzoE89qo-00737-00368218-00368561 Adam Franti: you know what Marx would consider like primitive communism, and then UJqpzoE89qo-00738-00368564-00368906 we go through these stages and the stages are recognized and they're universal and UJqpzoE89qo-00739-00368958-00369311 Adam Franti: we even see these ideas filtering into like Star Trek, right, where they go to UJqpzoE89qo-00740-00369314-00369666 a planet. It's like, oh, it's, it's this they're at this level of technology or whatever. UJqpzoE89qo-00741-00369774-00370259 Adam Franti: And those ideas were all constructed during and in complicity with UJqpzoE89qo-00742-00370261-00370826 imperialist and colonialist projects, right, they were they were done as a means to justify UJqpzoE89qo-00743-00370918-00371389 Adam Franti: placing colonies and exploiting indigenous workers and exporting slaves UJqpzoE89qo-00744-00371391-00371850 from Africa and doing all these things because, well, we're just more civilized. UJqpzoE89qo-00745-00371910-00372494 Adam Franti: We being, you know, the white sort of colonial hierarchy and you know that UJqpzoE89qo-00746-00372574-00372917 Adam Franti: idea becomes reinforced through these actions and through UJqpzoE89qo-00747-00372919-00373241 the, the way that the these actions are framed and spoken about, UJqpzoE89qo-00748-00373244-00373563 and how they filter into the pop culture. So again, we have this UJqpzoE89qo-00749-00373565-00373910 kind of line in the play. UJqpzoE89qo-00750-00373910-00374030 Adam Franti: Where they talk about UJqpzoE89qo-00751-00374050-00374918 Adam Franti: "So once in years gone by the mammoth trod Kentucky's Wilds as some superior God." And this is a line in, just a few lines above UJqpzoE89qo-00752-00374986-00375313 Adam Franti: the description of the death of Tecumseh. So himself sort UJqpzoE89qo-00753-00375316-00375642 of relating him to this mammoth, this thing that's out of time, UJqpzoE89qo-00754-00375722-00376167 Adam Franti: that doesn't, it doesn't have a parallel in modern day because it's UJqpzoE89qo-00755-00376169-00376650 dated, right, it's an anachronism. It's something that doesn't need to or deserve to exist. UJqpzoE89qo-00756-00376698-00377051 Adam Franti: And so the act of death civilise Tecumseh, right, and UJqpzoE89qo-00757-00377054-00377406 this kind of ties into these ideas of scientific quote unquote racism. UJqpzoE89qo-00758-00377490-00378297 Adam Franti: The idea of the warrior race that we can see over and over and over in colonial projects, you know, talking about the Maori in UJqpzoE89qo-00759-00378300-00379106 New Zealand or talking about the, the kind of first initial idea of the noble savage, had come from a white writer writing about a Moorish UJqpzoE89qo-00760-00379222-00379762 Adam Franti: or Moorish character. And so this sort of permeates this kind of this whole experience of UJqpzoE89qo-00761-00379902-00380405 Adam Franti: you know, Western Europe as being the core and everything else being the periphery, and the core UJqpzoE89qo-00762-00380408-00380910 of course being the most civilized part of the world and everything else, sort of a couple of stages behind. UJqpzoE89qo-00763-00380954-00381526 Adam Franti: And so all of this stuff goes to justify lifting all these areas out of their UJqpzoE89qo-00764-00381529-00382158 uncivilized, savage past, and so you can really you can rhetorically justify just about anything. UJqpzoE89qo-00765-00382198-00382641 Adam Franti: And of course you know when the short sightedness of all this stuff, the ideas UJqpzoE89qo-00766-00382644-00383086 initially just to justify like the invasion of Canada and the attempt to conquer Canada. UJqpzoE89qo-00767-00383234-00383639 Adam Franti: But it goes beyond that because, you know, we immediately see all at UJqpzoE89qo-00768-00383642-00384046 least all of the sources that I'm using are coming from the 1820s, the 1830s, the 1840s. UJqpzoE89qo-00769-00384106-00384402 Adam Franti: This is around the same time that James Fenimore Cooper UJqpzoE89qo-00770-00384404-00384690 is writing The Last of the Mohicans, it's around the same time UJqpzoE89qo-00771-00384726-00385160 Adam Franti: that all of these kind of plays are concentrating on the same idea of this UJqpzoE89qo-00772-00385163-00385409 dying and disappearing race that becomes codified UJqpzoE89qo-00773-00385412-00385642 even into American law in the 19th century. UJqpzoE89qo-00774-00385722-00386107 Adam Franti: And it's all based on the sort of this infinity UJqpzoE89qo-00775-00386109-00386480 mirror of colonial projects attempting to scientifically UJqpzoE89qo-00776-00386483-00386873 justify their exploitation and the pop culture that reflects UJqpzoE89qo-00777-00386876-00387306 that, that is seeking to justify these very short term efforts. UJqpzoE89qo-00778-00387458-00387795 Adam Franti: And it's pernicious and it's hard, it's kind of hard to UJqpzoE89qo-00779-00387798-00388134 extract because we're still living within that structure that kind of, UJqpzoE89qo-00780-00388210-00388525 Adam Franti: maybe scientific papers and anthropologists, and historians UJqpzoE89qo-00781-00388528-00388842 don't see it this way, but the popular culture certainly does. UJqpzoE89qo-00782-00388890-00389293 Adam Franti: And I mean any of us would experience on AskHistorians can probably see every UJqpzoE89qo-00783-00389296-00389698 day how many questions come up that are kind of framed within this understanding of history. UJqpzoE89qo-00784-00389814-00390077 Adam Franti: And it's it's really tough because UJqpzoE89qo-00785-00390080-00390342 it's sort of like killing our darlings, because UJqpzoE89qo-00786-00390370-00390811 Adam Franti: we look at the Enlightenment and the Renaissance as being this moment of progress UJqpzoE89qo-00787-00390814-00391286 and it's still within that framework of, okay, it's one more step higher up the ladder of civilization. UJqpzoE89qo-00788-00391342-00391973 Adam Franti: And criticizing that can be difficult because it attacks, even the foundations of what UJqpzoE89qo-00789-00391976-00392606 we understand of as science and it can get really tough to kind of extract something meaningful without UJqpzoE89qo-00790-00392718-00393013 Adam Franti: without looking like it is attacking kind of the basis UJqpzoE89qo-00791-00393016-00393310 of Western civilization, right. It's tricky to balance. UJqpzoE89qo-00792-00393334-00393773 Stephanie Montgomery: Yeah, I, I would add to that, too. So that, that definitely UJqpzoE89qo-00793-00393776-00394214 resonates with my research and from a kind of different perspective in which I'm UJqpzoE89qo-00794-00394214-00394704 Stephanie Montgomery: you know, these Chinese intellectuals that were really worried about the woman UJqpzoE89qo-00795-00394707-00395226 problem were viewing themselves from this kind of like racial hierarchy that had been imposed right by UJqpzoE89qo-00796-00395354-00395494 Stephanie Montgomery: you know, Western imperialist UJqpzoE89qo-00797-00395618-00396123 Stephanie Montgomery: hierarchies of race and so these anxieties of what will happen right to UJqpzoE89qo-00798-00396125-00396666 China, what will happen to the Chinese race and then that also becomes applied to gender right where UJqpzoE89qo-00799-00396782-00397280 Stephanie Montgomery: women are then kind of cast as the UJqpzoE89qo-00800-00397283-00397730 the evolutionary inferiors of of men, right, and that UJqpzoE89qo-00801-00397846-00398503 Stephanie Montgomery: they are kind of, have these more like vestigial traits or, you know, these kind of more, like UJqpzoE89qo-00802-00398505-00398838 they're more emotional or they have, you know, these kind of UJqpzoE89qo-00803-00398841-00399250 psychological issues that are not quite as developed, right, as men. UJqpzoE89qo-00804-00399382-00399679 Stephanie Montgomery: So I think that that yeah UJqpzoE89qo-00805-00399682-00399978 maps on in terms of race and in terms of gender. UJqpzoE89qo-00806-00400038-00400181 Stephanie Montgomery: I don't know what else I was going UJqpzoE89qo-00807-00400183-00400322 to add to that, but I think that that really, UJqpzoE89qo-00808-00400354-00400776 Stephanie Montgomery: that it's a really interesting conversation. And like, depending UJqpzoE89qo-00809-00400779-00401186 on what part of the world, you're looking at, but it remains, you know, kind of UJqpzoE89qo-00810-00401394-00401522 Stephanie Montgomery: Relevant nonetheless. UJqpzoE89qo-00811-00401522-00401885 Melissa Brzycki: Looking at Chinese history then from UJqpzoE89qo-00812-00401887-00402298 the communist period after the Communists have managed to UJqpzoE89qo-00813-00402398-00403125 Melissa Brzycki: or it's the post-colonial period. And so they definitely view the world through this Marxist UJqpzoE89qo-00814-00403127-00403462 developmental theory framework. And so the idea is UJqpzoE89qo-00815-00403498-00404062 Melissa Brzycki: Ookay, we're now in the socialist period, of course, people who grew up before UJqpzoE89qo-00816-00404065-00404622 socialism are infected by these feudal remnants and these other problems, but it is really UJqpzoE89qo-00817-00404682-00405168 Melissa Brzycki: vexing and frustrating and also, I think, to a certain extent UJqpzoE89qo-00818-00405170-00405730 mystifying to Chinese state officials when young people who've grown up under socialism UJqpzoE89qo-00819-00405786-00406361 Melissa Brzycki: still are committing crimes and doing things that the state thought would essentially UJqpzoE89qo-00820-00406363-00406926 disappear and so that also plays into I think at least some of the obsession that I'm seeing with UJqpzoE89qo-00821-00407006-00407452 Melissa Brzycki: young people who just aren't conforming to state expectations that they UJqpzoE89qo-00822-00407454-00407946 have, again, because of this larger developmental idea about what stage of history they're at. UJqpzoE89qo-00823-00407970-00408708 Katie Truax: Ya'll have reminded me, you know, for the for the medical men in my paper they see themselves UJqpzoE89qo-00824-00408711-00409434 as part of this progress, this transition in making the world a more orderly and understandable place. UJqpzoE89qo-00825-00409554-00410073 Katie Truax: But their frameworks included what Stephanie mentioned the idea UJqpzoE89qo-00826-00410076-00410594 that woman was a divergent type of man, that man's body was the ideal UJqpzoE89qo-00827-00410630-00411065 Katie Truax: and you know problems that women had were therefore unique UJqpzoE89qo-00828-00411068-00411502 to their womanliness and kind of proof of inherent disorderedness. UJqpzoE89qo-00829-00411598-00412053 Katie Truax: To give you an example, related Ovarian Dropsy, what was seen as UJqpzoE89qo-00830-00412055-00412550 the equivalent disease inmen was Testicular Dropsy so swelling for the testicles. UJqpzoE89qo-00831-00412582-00413275 Katie Truax: And that was easily cured by tapping. It did not have a recurrence, it did not often, you know, lead to UJqpzoE89qo-00832-00413277-00413890 death. But in women, you know, it was this intractable problem, and that was evidence for people of UJqpzoE89qo-00833-00413962-00414308 Katie Truax: you know the woman problem that you couldn't UJqpzoE89qo-00834-00414311-00414718 inherently deal with that, you know, it was, it was part of UJqpzoE89qo-00835-00414838-00415266 Katie Truax: what you had to deal with when looking at a woman's body so UJqpzoE89qo-00836-00415378-00415813 Katie Truax: you know, even though they're within that scientific realm, UJqpzoE89qo-00837-00415816-00416250 they're still subject to the overall paradigms. They're still subject to UJqpzoE89qo-00838-00416338-00416931 Katie Truax: you know the other forces in society, which I think people tend to forget when they're thinking about science, or thinking UJqpzoE89qo-00839-00416934-00417522 about medicine. It's not this monolith, it is affected by attitudes and ideas just as much as any other you know human enterprise. UJqpzoE89qo-00840-00417522-00417963 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Something has occurred to me, listening to all four of you UJqpzoE89qo-00841-00417966-00418406 answer this original question, and this idea may be fairly controversial, but UJqpzoE89qo-00842-00418554-00419019 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: the idea of of science and progress is intended UJqpzoE89qo-00843-00419022-00419486 to be based in this idea about fact. But as we have seen in practice, UJqpzoE89qo-00844-00419534-00420525 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: it's not an equalizing thing. If anything, the create like the focus placed on science and scientific progress really UJqpzoE89qo-00845-00420528-00421518 ends up historically damaging marginalized people more than it does helping them. And I'm wondering if you, if the four of you can kind of UJqpzoE89qo-00846-00421518-00421818 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: address this idea of how science. UJqpzoE89qo-00847-00421818-00422338 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: is actually related to power, I think you've mentioned this a little bit already UJqpzoE89qo-00848-00422346-00422430 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: because the UJqpzoE89qo-00849-00422430-00423079 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: title of our panel is power and protections of trauma. So I want to know kind of how you UJqpzoE89qo-00850-00423082-00423405 see this theme of pseudoscience and science relating UJqpzoE89qo-00851-00423407-00423730 to institutionalized power and how power is exercised UJqpzoE89qo-00852-00423730-00423906 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: with the subjects of your research. UJqpzoE89qo-00853-00423910-00424345 Katie Truax: I mean, certainly for me, having authority and UJqpzoE89qo-00854-00424347-00424782 being able to have a successful career is often the principal UJqpzoE89qo-00855-00424785-00425252 concern of the medical men, and not doing good science or finding UJqpzoE89qo-00856-00425255-00425722 solutions for their patients, although there were many who did. UJqpzoE89qo-00857-00425834-00426273 Katie Truax: You know, who did kind of put that noble pursuit as one of UJqpzoE89qo-00858-00426276-00426714 their ideas in the forefront but preserving that authority in that power UJqpzoE89qo-00859-00426778-00427294 Katie Truax: as an individual and collectively as a group was extremely elevated in UJqpzoE89qo-00860-00427296-00427854 the sources in Lancet and so science was kind of in service to that and not being done UJqpzoE89qo-00861-00427914-00428267 Katie Truax: in the idealistic way we might think of, in the UJqpzoE89qo-00862-00428270-00428622 pursuit of knowledge, in the pursuit of finding truth or fact UJqpzoE89qo-00863-00428686-00429401 Katie Truax: So that's, you know, that's what I mean when I say you have to examine medicine through that lens you, you cannot disentangle UJqpzoE89qo-00864-00429404-00430118 it from the power and authority needed to to have success, in order to have the kind of life that those medical men wanted to have. UJqpzoE89qo-00865-00430122-00430362 Stephanie Montgomery: I definitely think UJqpzoE89qo-00866-00430362-00430618 Stephanie Montgomery: in my research that science is a kind of power UJqpzoE89qo-00867-00430642-00431153 Stephanie Montgomery: and that it wields that kind of power. I think UJqpzoE89qo-00868-00431156-00431666 it's pretty clear in the writings on women's crime and, you know, even the UJqpzoE89qo-00869-00431790-00432110 Stephanie Montgomery: the kind of foundation of social UJqpzoE89qo-00870-00432112-00432493 science, right, that we can apply science to society, shows the UJqpzoE89qo-00871-00432495-00432830 power of science and the authoritativeness of science. UJqpzoE89qo-00872-00432982-00433390 Stephanie Montgomery: And kind of similar to medicine and medical UJqpzoE89qo-00873-00433392-00433850 institutions, this becomes more evident in my research when I look at prisons, UJqpzoE89qo-00874-00433894-00434486 Stephanie Montgomery: and prisons in modern China. The modern prison versus, you know, just a kind UJqpzoE89qo-00875-00434489-00435074 of jail or a holding cell or maybe exile or corporal punishment, the modern prison is really UJqpzoE89qo-00876-00435110-00435635 Stephanie Montgomery: founded on these ideals of science and really fetishized. The other thing UJqpzoE89qo-00877-00435638-00436162 that I don't talk about in this talk, but that I do talk about in my research more broadly is UJqpzoE89qo-00878-00436282-00436698 Stephanie Montgomery: you know, these kind of writings in the popular press UJqpzoE89qo-00879-00436701-00437150 of people's observations of women's prisons. So people going to women's prisons, UJqpzoE89qo-00880-00437186-00437651 Stephanie Montgomery: and observing how clean and sterile and white and UJqpzoE89qo-00881-00437654-00438158 scientific everything is, and everything is so orderly, and kind of praising UJqpzoE89qo-00882-00438194-00438727 Stephanie Montgomery: that, and a few, you know, detractors that kind of note the lack of UJqpzoE89qo-00883-00438727-00439062 resources and that things maybe aren't going as well UJqpzoE89qo-00884-00439062-00439297 as prison administrators would want you to think. UJqpzoE89qo-00885-00439432-00440028 Stephanie Montgomery: But overall, it seems to be really about. Yeah, the promise and science UJqpzoE89qo-00886-00440030-00440608 again as being a beacon in these kind of institutions and the prison is somewhere where UJqpzoE89qo-00887-00440666-00441073 Stephanie Montgomery: kind of the medical, right, and the [unclear] they meet in that area. Yeah. UJqpzoE89qo-00888-00441073-00441588 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Adam, Mel. Do you guys have anything you want to add to this idea UJqpzoE89qo-00889-00441591-00442105 of the relationship between power and science and how that impacts marginalized groups? UJqpzoE89qo-00890-00442153-00442249 Adam Franti: Yeah, I think. UJqpzoE89qo-00891-00442397-00442641 Adam Franti: The, the discussion of hospitals and discussion of UJqpzoE89qo-00892-00442709-00443088 Adam Franti: what we you know the the sort of Foucaldian, right, UJqpzoE89qo-00893-00443091-00443469 model of what we view as progress, right, brings up kind of the UJqpzoE89qo-00894-00443489-00443692 Adam Franti: grim reality of Indian boarding UJqpzoE89qo-00895-00443695-00443945 schools and reservations, right, because those were UJqpzoE89qo-00896-00444045-00444491 Adam Franti: overtly about civilizing and about using up to date UJqpzoE89qo-00897-00444494-00444989 scientific methods to change the behavior of Native American people. UJqpzoE89qo-00898-00445061-00445324 Adam Franti: And so, you know, we have the boarding schools UJqpzoE89qo-00899-00445326-00445589 that are set up. You can't speak your indigenous languages, UJqpzoE89qo-00900-00445591-00445869 you have to speak English. You have to cut your hair, you have UJqpzoE89qo-00901-00445871-00446149 to behave in a certain way because those are the hallmarks of UJqpzoE89qo-00902-00446189-00446678 Adam Franti: civilization, right, because all these other things are looking backward, UJqpzoE89qo-00903-00446681-00447169 they're acting backward and it even kind of dates into kind of early discussions of UJqpzoE89qo-00904-00447253-00447568 Adam Franti: Of just the country as a whole, right, UJqpzoE89qo-00905-00447570-00447884 the just the landscape in general is that it doesn't UJqpzoE89qo-00906-00447887-00448189 look like you know nice pendant fields and flocks UJqpzoE89qo-00907-00448191-00448493 of sheep or cows. It looks like a wild country. UJqpzoE89qo-00908-00448573-00448806 Adam Franti: Ignoring the fact that that wildness that UJqpzoE89qo-00909-00448809-00449085 perceived wildness was something that was actively cultivated UJqpzoE89qo-00910-00449133-00449573 Adam Franti: for different goals, right, it was cultivated to preserve hunting grounds and UJqpzoE89qo-00911-00449576-00450045 it was cultivated to draw prey animals into certain areas so that you could hunt them better. UJqpzoE89qo-00912-00450101-00450724 Adam Franti: And white Europeans just refused to see this. They saw it as a waste because that was wild, UJqpzoE89qo-00913-00450727-00451349 it wasn't improved, and improvement being cut down all the trees, you know, sew it with corn or whatever UJqpzoE89qo-00914-00451421-00452173 Adam Franti: and start growing crops, because that's the best use of the land. And so, you know, the part of putting UJqpzoE89qo-00915-00452229-00452549 Adam Franti: indigenous people into reservations wasn't necessarily UJqpzoE89qo-00916-00452552-00452872 just to keep them in control and in a certain area, but it was to UJqpzoE89qo-00917-00452874-00453129 enforce certain behaviors and those behaviors were perceived through this UJqpzoE89qo-00918-00453131-00453475 scientific lens as being the ones that are most, they're more advanced. UJqpzoE89qo-00919-00453591-00453831 Adam Franti: And so it was looked at this, almost like this UJqpzoE89qo-00920-00453947-00454451 Adam Franti: charity project on the whole part of society in general, and UJqpzoE89qo-00921-00454487-00455050 Adam Franti: you can see the sort of frustration from the white perspective that people just aren't behaving properly white, UJqpzoE89qo-00922-00455053-00455333 why don't, why can't be behave in a way that will elevate them UJqpzoE89qo-00923-00455335-00455615 the way that that they ought to be, it's for their own good. UJqpzoE89qo-00924-00455687-00455989 Adam Franti: Kind of thing. And all of these ideas kind of UJqpzoE89qo-00925-00455991-00456335 trickle down from this sort of intuitive perception of science. UJqpzoE89qo-00926-00456407-00456764 Adam Franti: But it even comes from professional scientists or quote unquote UJqpzoE89qo-00927-00456767-00457123 professional scientists and politicians who are enforcing these things because UJqpzoE89qo-00928-00457183-00457739 Adam Franti: this is the best use of x or y. And so we must, we have to go and use our superior UJqpzoE89qo-00929-00457742-00458291 technology and superior society to enforce this behavior, to get everybody up to our level. UJqpzoE89qo-00930-00458367-00459142 Adam Franti: It turns into this kind of paternalistic concern in the early 20th century, about the disappearing race, right, they're UJqpzoE89qo-00931-00459144-00459395 disappearing. So we have to go preserve it and it's our sort UJqpzoE89qo-00932-00459395-00459775 of act of charity to do that, rather than the cost of of our own UJqpzoE89qo-00933-00459891-00460279 Adam Franti: you know, extripation behavior. The cost of civilization quote unquote. UJqpzoE89qo-00934-00460375-00460847 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: And Mel, do you find that this statement speaks to do your UJqpzoE89qo-00935-00460850-00461310 work with criminality in youth as well in terms of how the Chinese state UJqpzoE89qo-00936-00461312-00461757 is framing sort of science in progress with the Great Leap Forward because UJqpzoE89qo-00937-00461760-00462247 you did mention that they're perturbed that people are still committing crimes? UJqpzoE89qo-00938-00462371-00462908 Melissa Brzycki: Yes. Very. Which does not fit with the overall worldview about what human UJqpzoE89qo-00939-00462910-00463435 nature is like, and what was hoped for after the establishment of socialism in 1949. UJqpzoE89qo-00940-00463491-00463915 Melissa Brzycki: Beginning of the construction, I guess. But I was also UJqpzoE89qo-00941-00463918-00464391 thinking about how it's very complicated to talk about science and power and UJqpzoE89qo-00942-00464503-00464862 Melissa Brzycki: How that's all operating during the Great Leap UJqpzoE89qo-00943-00464864-00465276 Forward, because in some ways, science is sidelined. In a way, experts UJqpzoE89qo-00944-00465278-00465663 are sidelined during the Great Leap Forward, very purposefully by the UJqpzoE89qo-00945-00465666-00466051 state, including experts in agricultural science and other areas. UJqpzoE89qo-00946-00466215-00466399 Melissa Brzycki: But certainly, if you think about UJqpzoE89qo-00947-00466543-00466782 Melissa Brzycki: Knowledge and who is allowed to UJqpzoE89qo-00948-00466785-00467055 state the reality that they see and what it is like, UJqpzoE89qo-00949-00467139-00467373 Melissa Brzycki: that even at the level of the UJqpzoE89qo-00950-00467376-00467816 peasants and local officials who are ostensibly, UJqpzoE89qo-00951-00467816-00468313 they're supposed to be the center of all of this knowledge is supposed to be flowing from them. UJqpzoE89qo-00952-00468337-00468668 Melissa Brzycki: But in reality, the system has really broken UJqpzoE89qo-00953-00468670-00468996 down during this period. And so it is unsayable to say the UJqpzoE89qo-00954-00468998-00469346 harvest are not as good. These techniques are not working. We UJqpzoE89qo-00955-00469349-00469697 are in trouble. This does become unsayable during this period. UJqpzoE89qo-00956-00469768-00470001 Melissa Brzycki: Even though these local peasant UJqpzoE89qo-00957-00470004-00470237 voices are supposed to be at the center and so UJqpzoE89qo-00958-00470289-00470627 Melissa Brzycki: I think what I was really thinking when I was listening UJqpzoE89qo-00959-00470630-00470968 to everyone is about how much having science or a system of knowledge UJqpzoE89qo-00960-00471005-00471659 Melissa Brzycki: aligned with power and authority as it almost always is, how destructive that is. UJqpzoE89qo-00961-00471661-00472397 Regardless of its masculinity in the patriarchal system or the state structure and government in this case. UJqpzoE89qo-00962-00472437-00472708 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: This I think is a really UJqpzoE89qo-00963-00472710-00473025 kind of compelling place for us to kind of settle UJqpzoE89qo-00964-00473028-00473617 on our final thoughts because I like that little sound bit right there as the end of, UJqpzoE89qo-00965-00473617-00473960 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: think about what it means for the relationship UJqpzoE89qo-00966-00473963-00474307 between all of these things. I'm going to turn it over to the four UJqpzoE89qo-00967-00474309-00474658 of you. If you have any final thoughts that you'd like to share. And UJqpzoE89qo-00968-00474660-00475041 then I think we can wrap up this very delightful panel. UJqpzoE89qo-00969-00475041-00475713 Katie Truax: Well, I would certainly like to say, you know, in our, in our discussion about power in science here and UJqpzoE89qo-00970-00475715-00476045 you know kind of the misuses of science in a lot of ways. UJqpzoE89qo-00971-00476133-00476727 Katie Truax: You know, I certainly don't think that anyone should take that as a discounting UJqpzoE89qo-00972-00476730-00477305 of the process or that science as a whole should be mistrusted or is not a valuable. UJqpzoE89qo-00973-00477365-00477730 Katie Truax: way of inquiry in the world, but you know UJqpzoE89qo-00974-00477733-00478098 that's what a historians job is. That's why you UJqpzoE89qo-00975-00478100-00478493 need historians because you need to examine the way that UJqpzoE89qo-00976-00478496-00478889 it's being used and who is doing it. You know, for every UJqpzoE89qo-00977-00478997-00479557 Katie Truax: medical man I found in my research who was exploiting science I did find UJqpzoE89qo-00978-00479560-00480121 another who was trying to use their, their inquiry for for the betterment of man. UJqpzoE89qo-00979-00480168-00480626 Katie Truax: And we do have times where we see you know great UJqpzoE89qo-00980-00480628-00481165 advances. I mean 'advances' through research and through application of the UJqpzoE89qo-00981-00481168-00481632 scientific method, but I do think there is widespread mistrust of UJqpzoE89qo-00982-00481635-00482165 science and that comes from its misapplication and not it's fundamental [unclear]. UJqpzoE89qo-00983-00482309-00482589 Katie Truax: So, I mean, that's, that's how I want to finish. UJqpzoE89qo-00984-00482693-00483051 Katie Truax: And also just to say that, you know, UJqpzoE89qo-00985-00483054-00483413 when it comes to listening to women, researching UJqpzoE89qo-00986-00483533-00484093 Katie Truax: further in gynecological fields, there is still some work to do. UJqpzoE89qo-00987-00484217-00484863 Katie Truax: You know, there's a, there's a lot of misconceptions still out there about women's UJqpzoE89qo-00988-00484866-00485455 bodies and how they work. You see it in the period I looked at and it's tied up in UJqpzoE89qo-00989-00485463-00485699 Katie Truax: you know, lack of education about it, UJqpzoE89qo-00990-00485701-00486053 lack of information. So I want to encourage everyone to UJqpzoE89qo-00991-00486143-00486789 consider, you know, becoming more informed in those areas and supporting people who are interested in doing so. UJqpzoE89qo-00992-00486829-00487251 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: That is a great an important message, especially given current world events. UJqpzoE89qo-00993-00487251-00487647 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Stephanie and Mel and Adam. If you UJqpzoE89qo-00994-00487650-00488007 guys have any final things you'd like to say as well. UJqpzoE89qo-00995-00488035-00488332 Stephanie Montgomery: I can say a couple of things that especially with UJqpzoE89qo-00996-00488340-00488677 response, you know, to kind of to echo, I guess what what Katie has said. UJqpzoE89qo-00997-00488698-00489142 Stephanie Montgomery: That, you know, rather than a wholesale distrust of UJqpzoE89qo-00998-00489145-00489590 science or the application of science to, you know, different issues, UJqpzoE89qo-00999-00489590-00490078 Stephanie Montgomery: just recognizing that science is no exception. UJqpzoE89qo-01000-00490080-00490562 Right. That science is produced by certain historical moment. UJqpzoE89qo-01001-00490642-00490871 Stephanie Montgomery: It is produced by humans who are UJqpzoE89qo-01002-00490874-00491134 part of a certain historical moment and that is really no UJqpzoE89qo-01003-00491214-00491566 Stephanie Montgomery: exception to bias and that it has been UJqpzoE89qo-01004-00491569-00491963 used as a tool and it has also been used to kind of oppress and UJqpzoE89qo-01005-00491966-00492626 marginalize and it has also been something that you know has really UJqpzoE89qo-01006-00492626-00493027 helped, I don't know if I want to say advanced, now that we have UJqpzoE89qo-01007-00493147-00493295 Stephanie Montgomery: tainted the word um, UJqpzoE89qo-01008-00493315-00493583 Stephanie Montgomery: but has, you know, helped many people and I can't help but think of UJqpzoE89qo-01009-00493592-00493771 Stephanie Montgomery: you know, we're talking about UJqpzoE89qo-01010-00493960-00494371 Stephanie Montgomery: things that are happening and distrust of science currently, but UJqpzoE89qo-01011-00494370-00494780 Stephanie Montgomery: you know, like the skepticism of like vaccines and UJqpzoE89qo-01012-00494783-00495193 that sort of thing that seems to be a little bit more prevalent and how UJqpzoE89qo-01013-00495254-00495774 Stephanie Montgomery: you know, one thing that was done in the prison was, you know, these kind of UJqpzoE89qo-01014-00495777-00496298 mass vaccinations and then cities got, you know, kind of max vaccinations as well. And so UJqpzoE89qo-01015-00496342-00496848 Stephanie Montgomery: in terms of kind of disease that that also really helped people, even though at the same time, UJqpzoE89qo-01016-00496851-00497105 you have to acknowledge that these people were incarcerated UJqpzoE89qo-01017-00497108-00497358 against their will, often for committing crimes that were UJqpzoE89qo-01018-00497422-00497768 Stephanie Montgomery: a result of their poverty. And so I think UJqpzoE89qo-01019-00497770-00498150 that, yeah, there's something really important about acknowledging UJqpzoE89qo-01020-00498254-00498793 Stephanie Montgomery: the benefits of science as well, and not just discounting entirely and distrusting. UJqpzoE89qo-01021-00498830-00499419 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: I think it's very important to make this clear, because I think that UJqpzoE89qo-01022-00499422-00499998 it is too easy to see the criticisms and not think critically about the criticisms. UJqpzoE89qo-01023-00500030-00500350 But as historians. This is what we do. UJqpzoE89qo-01024-00500393-00500935 Mel I'm going to ask if you have any, any final thoughts that you'd like to share. UJqpzoE89qo-01025-00500947-00501291 Melissa Brzycki: And also going off what Stephanie just said too, I UJqpzoE89qo-01026-00501293-00501668 was thinking about how important nuance is, that things can be 'both and.' UJqpzoE89qo-01027-00501846-00502356 Melissa Brzycki: That the roots of science, like, and the scientific inquiry can be UJqpzoE89qo-01028-00502359-00502870 racist and sexist and really exploitative and oppressive and terrible and violent. UJqpzoE89qo-01029-00502918-00503541 Melissa Brzycki: But also that scientific learning and knowledge is also important and has benefited UJqpzoE89qo-01030-00503544-00504218 many people and we should not throw out science, just because some aspects of it have been truly terrible. UJqpzoE89qo-01031-00504278-00504748 Melissa Brzycki: I feel like this acknowledgement of the 'both and' which I think also really UJqpzoE89qo-01032-00504751-00505222 ties into our propaganda discussion. So much propaganda is about really simple narratives, UJqpzoE89qo-01033-00505290-00505676 Melissa Brzycki: because simple narratives can be really convincing. And so I UJqpzoE89qo-01034-00505678-00506106 think that may be another important theme that's come out of this, is how important UJqpzoE89qo-01035-00506158-00506728 Melissa Brzycki: not only context is but also acknowledging the 'both and' of many of these and the UJqpzoE89qo-01036-00506731-00507015 nuance and complexity of what is going on in all UJqpzoE89qo-01037-00507017-00507302 of these different cases that we're talking about. UJqpzoE89qo-01038-00507466-00507602 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Definitely, definitely. UJqpzoE89qo-01039-00507718-00507893 Which leads us to Adam UJqpzoE89qo-01040-00508006-00508462 If you'd like to weigh in, you started this off, now do you want to finish this up? UJqpzoE89qo-01041-00508642-00509013 Adam Franti: Yeah, I think one of the things that that sort of researching UJqpzoE89qo-01042-00509015-00509382 this topic really kind of brought to the fore for me was the idea that UJqpzoE89qo-01043-00509490-00509785 Adam Franti: people can kind of like air gap, but they can have this dissonance between UJqpzoE89qo-01044-00509870-00510189 Adam Franti: actions that they're taking and the sort of political UJqpzoE89qo-01045-00510192-00510486 importance or social importance or whatever that they're UJqpzoE89qo-01046-00510489-00510796 doing, right, so soldiers who are marching up and down Mindanao UJqpzoE89qo-01047-00510798-00511106 in the early 20th century may not think of themselves as sort of UJqpzoE89qo-01048-00511146-00511522 Adam Franti: the enforcers of a racial hierarchy, but they do see UJqpzoE89qo-01049-00511525-00511902 saw sing songs that absolutely say that, right, and so it kind of, UJqpzoE89qo-01050-00511930-00512177 Adam Franti: it brings up this sort of uncomfortable UJqpzoE89qo-01051-00512179-00512451 acknowledgement that we have that popular culture comes UJqpzoE89qo-01052-00512454-00512710 from somewhere. These ideas that are kind of repeated UJqpzoE89qo-01053-00512713-00513010 sometimes thoughtlessly come from somewhere, and they have UJqpzoE89qo-01054-00513093-00513636 Adam Franti: troubling aspects and they have, they contain ideas and nuggets of UJqpzoE89qo-01055-00513639-00514238 ideas that can absolutely enforce ideas like racial hierarchy, or structural power, or UJqpzoE89qo-01056-00514314-00514728 Adam Franti: any kind of other things like that. Right. So as much as we can kind of say, UJqpzoE89qo-01057-00514731-00514937 well, you know, it's not really that harmful UJqpzoE89qo-01058-00514939-00515146 to have an Indian mascot for a football team. UJqpzoE89qo-01059-00515218-00515479 Adam Franti: You know those those ideas came from somewhere, and UJqpzoE89qo-01060-00515482-00515781 they're reinforced somewhere and maybe you know hundred years. Somebody UJqpzoE89qo-01061-00515783-00516055 can look back and they can say, well, that's you know obviously UJqpzoE89qo-01062-00516058-00516330 an element of this kind of problematic aspect of the culture, but UJqpzoE89qo-01063-00516382-00516917 Adam Franti: we can say that now, we just have to kind of be aware of it. And that doesn't mean UJqpzoE89qo-01064-00516920-00517456 that anybody who likes a football team with an Indian mascot is a bad person, of course, but UJqpzoE89qo-01065-00517460-00518108 Adam Franti: that these ideas were manufactured for a specific reason for us at a specific UJqpzoE89qo-01066-00518135-00518399 time and if we don't acknowledge that we can UJqpzoE89qo-01067-00518400-00518693 perpetuate that in really harmful ways today. UJqpzoE89qo-01068-00519000-00519313 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: A lot of my research relies on discourse studies and rhetoric studies and UJqpzoE89qo-01069-00519316-00519976 Foucault, and this entire discussion just puts me in a really happy place, so thank you, all of you UJqpzoE89qo-01070-00519978-00520288 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: for these wonderful insights. UJqpzoE89qo-01071-00520290-00520700 I think I'm going to go ahead and set us up for our conclusion. UJqpzoE89qo-01072-00520702-00521222 Thank you, once again, to all of our speakers, to Adam, Katie, Stephanie and Mel. UJqpzoE89qo-01073-00521288-00521871 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Today's panel looked at power and projections of trauma across the globe, from North America to Britain to China. UJqpzoE89qo-01074-00521952-00522212 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: Papers looked at the marginalization UJqpzoE89qo-01075-00522214-00522422 of indigenous leaders, women suffering from UJqpzoE89qo-01076-00522424-00522651 gynecological disease, women in early republican UJqpzoE89qo-01077-00522653-00522924 China, and Chinese youth during the Great Leap Forward. UJqpzoE89qo-01078-00522956-00523210 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: In addition to the speakers UJqpzoE89qo-01079-00523213-00523518 papers, the discussion of a number of important themes UJqpzoE89qo-01080-00523520-00523763 ranging from propaganda, to science, and the UJqpzoE89qo-01081-00523765-00524060 relationship between science, power, and propaganda UJqpzoE89qo-01082-00524172-00524435 Lisa Baer-Tsarfati: has been illuminating and thoroughly UJqpzoE89qo-01083-00524438-00524692 enjoyable. On behalf of AskHistorians, thank you for UJqpzoE89qo-01084-00524694-00524970 sharing your research and your insights with us today and UJqpzoE89qo-01085-00524973-00525243 thank you to our audience for joining us for the ride. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00000-00000261-00000279 23_2014-05-13-TCGA_Sinha UJxtyj2Mv7A-00001-00000279-00000514 Subarna Sinha: So firstly, I would like to thank the organizers UJxtyj2Mv7A-00002-00000514-00001046 for me giving me a chance to present our work. Today I'll tell you a story about how we use UJxtyj2Mv7A-00003-00001046-00001746 the TCGA data to understand the role of a common, but not well understood mutation in UJxtyj2Mv7A-00004-00001764-00002140 acute myeloid leukemia. Thank you. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00005-00002140-00002776 First, a little bit of background on the disease. As many of you might be aware, acute myeloid UJxtyj2Mv7A-00006-00002776-00003404 leukemia is a disease characterized by accumulation of myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow UJxtyj2Mv7A-00007-00003404-00003984 that are blocked in their ability to differentiate into mature blood cells, and like many other UJxtyj2Mv7A-00008-00003984-00004614 cancers, AML is associated with widespread deregulation of DNA methylation. So some work UJxtyj2Mv7A-00009-00004614-00005314 done early in 2010 comparing leukemic blasts to normal CD34 cells showed both regions of UJxtyj2Mv7A-00010-00005570-00006161 aberrant hyper-methylation in the red here, as well as hypo-methylation. And so what was UJxtyj2Mv7A-00011-00006161-00006709 most interesting for us was to see, what was the source of this aberrant methylation? UJxtyj2Mv7A-00012-00006709-00007328 There are several reasons it could be stochastic, as has been shown -- cancer methylomes have UJxtyj2Mv7A-00013-00007328-00007854 been shown to be quite stochastic. It could be a cell of origin issue where the methylation UJxtyj2Mv7A-00014-00007854-00008414 pattern that you are seeing is a result of the cell from which the leukemia originated, UJxtyj2Mv7A-00015-00008414-00009096 or it could be a genetic mutation; so it could be a mutation that's actually driving aberrant UJxtyj2Mv7A-00016-00009096-00009796 methylation. So we were particularly interested in this question, because mutations in DNA UJxtyj2Mv7A-00017-00009813-00010513 methylation machinery have -- had been identified in AML, but at the same time, those mutations UJxtyj2Mv7A-00018-00010547-00011086 could not explain all of the methylated -- aberrantly ethylated samples, so we would actually have UJxtyj2Mv7A-00019-00011086-00011597 hyper-methylated samples that didn't have mutations in any one of these genes, as well UJxtyj2Mv7A-00020-00011597-00011907 as aberrantly hypo-methylated samples. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00021-00011907-00012445 So we, sort of -- because of the availability of data from the TCGA with both mutation and UJxtyj2Mv7A-00022-00012445-00013066 methylation data for the same samples, we set out to systematically analyze this question, UJxtyj2Mv7A-00023-00013066-00013565 and we had two goals in mind: one was to see if we could identify any new genetic drivers UJxtyj2Mv7A-00024-00013565-00014265 of aberrant methylation; and secondly, if we could actually use the methylation pattern UJxtyj2Mv7A-00025-00014359-00015054 to find leads for a mutation-specific therapy. So to get to question one, we used a tool UJxtyj2Mv7A-00026-00015054-00015690 that was developed by my PI's [spelled phonetically] group several years ago. It's called, "Boolean UJxtyj2Mv7A-00027-00015690-00016327 Implications," and this was inspired by Boolean logic, where in implication actually is a UJxtyj2Mv7A-00028-00016327-00016900 pairwise operation. So in the context of data analysis, this enables us to look at pairs UJxtyj2Mv7A-00029-00016900-00017600 at -- pairs of attributes and looks at their relationships. So it was developed for gene UJxtyj2Mv7A-00030-00017614-00018314 expression data, and when I started analyzing the TCGA data, I actually extended it to consider UJxtyj2Mv7A-00031-00018362-00018698 mutations, copy number alterations in DNA methylation. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00032-00018698-00019176 So what does it look like? It's actually an L-shaped relationship if you look at the scatter UJxtyj2Mv7A-00033-00019176-00019759 plots of the attributes. So visually, it looks like an L-shaped relationship, but of course, UJxtyj2Mv7A-00034-00019759-00020401 we have a mathematical way of extracting these relationships. So the first step to extract UJxtyj2Mv7A-00035-00020401-00020964 a Boolean implication would be to discretize the data. So again, we have a systematic algorithm UJxtyj2Mv7A-00036-00020964-00021645 that looks at the distribution of values for each attribute to come up with an attribute-specific UJxtyj2Mv7A-00037-00021645-00022308 threshold of when to decide that the sample is high-values or low-values. And for it to UJxtyj2Mv7A-00038-00022308-00022958 be a Boolean implication, when you look at the four quadrants in a pairwise plot, you UJxtyj2Mv7A-00039-00022958-00023431 need to have at least one -- you need to have one sparse quadrant -- and by "sparcity," UJxtyj2Mv7A-00040-00023431-00024075 I mean that there should be very few samples within that quadrant. And again, there is UJxtyj2Mv7A-00041-00024075-00024569 a statistical test we have to actually identify sparcity. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00042-00024569-00025029 So as you can imagine, there are four different quadrants. And so you would see -- you would UJxtyj2Mv7A-00043-00025029-00025600 have four different types of Boolean implications. The one that I'm showing you here is what UJxtyj2Mv7A-00044-00025600-00026245 we call a HIHI Implication. So this says that if A is high, then B is high. So another way UJxtyj2Mv7A-00045-00026245-00026902 of thinking about it is -- what this is saying is all samples that have Attribute A high UJxtyj2Mv7A-00046-00026902-00027462 would almost always have Attribute B high, but the reverse is not true. So you would UJxtyj2Mv7A-00047-00027462-00027936 have many samples where Attribute B is high, but Attribute A is not high. So as you can UJxtyj2Mv7A-00048-00027936-00028636 see, it's a way derive asymmetrical relationships. So the next -- the second implication -- kind UJxtyj2Mv7A-00049-00028861-00029299 of implication is a HILO implication. In that case you are actually looking for sparcity UJxtyj2Mv7A-00050-00029299-00029836 in this top quadrant over here. And what -- the HILO implication states that if A is high, UJxtyj2Mv7A-00051-00029836-00030443 then B is low. And that's typically what is known as mutual exclusion in this community. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00052-00030443-00030749 I'm not going to talk about the two other types of implications, because that's not UJxtyj2Mv7A-00053-00030749-00030981 necessary for this analysis. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00054-00030981-00031521 So what does our computation pipeline look like? So we took all the TCGA AML samples UJxtyj2Mv7A-00055-00031521-00032118 that had overlapping mutation and methylation data -- and that's about 191 samples -- then UJxtyj2Mv7A-00056-00032118-00032818 with the mutation data we identified 17 recurrent mutations. So these are mutations that occurred UJxtyj2Mv7A-00057-00032833-00033433 in five or more samples. With the methylation data we used the 450k arrays, which -- so UJxtyj2Mv7A-00058-00033433-00034133 they are 450,000 sites. We did some filtering to remove probes that had low dynamic range, UJxtyj2Mv7A-00059-00034261-00034724 and then we discretized the methylation values. So now I have Boolean data on both sides; UJxtyj2Mv7A-00060-00034724-00035159 the mutation data is Boolean to begin with, I have Boolean -- I have sort of discretized UJxtyj2Mv7A-00061-00035159-00035668 the methylation data, and then regenerated these Boolean implications. And just, to kind UJxtyj2Mv7A-00062-00035668-00036105 of reiterate what I said in the previous slide, so a Boolean implication between mutation UJxtyj2Mv7A-00063-00036105-00036542 and methylation looks something like this. This is a HIHI implication. So what this is UJxtyj2Mv7A-00064-00036542-00037239 saying is if IDH2 is mutated, then CpG site A is always methylated. And this is a HILO UJxtyj2Mv7A-00065-00037239-00037870 implication. So what's this is saying is if DNMT3A is mutated, CpG site B is always un- UJxtyj2Mv7A-00066-00037870-00038180 -- is always not methylated, or un-methylated. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00067-00038180-00038880 So once we have the Boolean implications, we just count the number of methylation HIHI UJxtyj2Mv7A-00068-00038933-00039299 and HILO implications. And when I started this analysis I wanted to see if we would UJxtyj2Mv7A-00069-00039299-00039999 really see any differences between the different mutations. And to our surprise, it actually UJxtyj2Mv7A-00070-00040002-00040671 fell into four nice categories. So the category on the right over here -- so these are mutations UJxtyj2Mv7A-00071-00040671-00041371 that have very few implications with methylation, both HIHI and HILO. So you can see KRAS and UJxtyj2Mv7A-00072-00041422-00041961 NRAS fall into these, which sort of makes sense, because they are not known to be associated UJxtyj2Mv7A-00073-00041961-00042661 with methylation. Then, in the hypo-categories -- so these are mutations where you have many UJxtyj2Mv7A-00074-00042789-00043269 more HILO implications and HIHI implications, suggesting that these have a predominantly UJxtyj2Mv7A-00075-00043269-00043855 hypo-methylating effect. Again, DNMT3A falling into that makes sense, because it's an inactivating UJxtyj2Mv7A-00076-00043855-00044470 mutation of a DNA-methyltransferase. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00077-00044470-00045167 So what was most exciting for us was this category of hyper-methylation. And again, UJxtyj2Mv7A-00078-00045167-00045696 what stood out was WT-1, which is -- because it's a transcription factor, and we weren't UJxtyj2Mv7A-00079-00045696-00046259 really expecting to find it there. So if you look at the data -- again, visually, because UJxtyj2Mv7A-00080-00046259-00046759 there's a whole bunch of numbers here -- so what I've plotted here is the ratio, the number UJxtyj2Mv7A-00081-00046759-00047392 of HIHI implications to HILO implications. Again, you see WT-1 really kind of stands UJxtyj2Mv7A-00082-00047392-00048013 out. So that's what we decided to pursue further, to see what was going on. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00083-00048013-00048633 So the first question was to see how the co-occurrence in mutual exclusion patterns of the three UJxtyj2Mv7A-00084-00048633-00049206 mutations in the hyper category, and what we found was that both in the TCGA data, as UJxtyj2Mv7A-00085-00049206-00049794 well as a separate cohort, the e-cohort, we found that the mutations were almost mutually UJxtyj2Mv7A-00086-00049794-00050494 exclusive. And also when we look at the CpG sites that are being methylated by the three UJxtyj2Mv7A-00087-00050649-00051238 different mutations, or the genes that are associated with the CpG sites, we find only UJxtyj2Mv7A-00088-00051238-00051855 partial overlap -- little to partial overlap, actually. And so this is kind of suggesting UJxtyj2Mv7A-00089-00051855-00052555 that WT-1 mutation has a very unique hyper-methylation signature, but it still does not tell us whether UJxtyj2Mv7A-00090-00052611-00053151 it's actually actively playing a role in causing the hyper-methylation, or it's just some kind UJxtyj2Mv7A-00091-00053151-00053560 of epiphenomenon that we are observing, such as a cell of origin thing. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00092-00053560-00054082 So to get to that question we decided we needed to really do [unintelligible] lab experiments. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00093-00054082-00054782 So we put a mutant form of the WT-1 protein in AML -- in THP 1 cell lines, which is an UJxtyj2Mv7A-00094-00055058-00055706 AML cell line, which -- that is wild type for WT-1. And then after 10 passages we measured UJxtyj2Mv7A-00095-00055706-00056176 the methylome using 450k arrays, which if you remember, is the same array that used UJxtyj2Mv7A-00096-00056176-00056876 for the TCGA patients. And so, this heat map over here compares the controls to the WT-1 UJxtyj2Mv7A-00097-00057136-00057836 mutants. And you can see an increase in DNA-methylation, going from the controls for the WT-1 mutants. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00098-00057919-00058487 And furthermore, what was interesting was I looked at the genes that were being methylated UJxtyj2Mv7A-00099-00058487-00058963 in the cell lines, versus the genes that have been methylated in the TCGA patients with UJxtyj2Mv7A-00100-00058963-00059575 the WT-1 mutation, and there's a very significant overlap, suggesting that probably a similar UJxtyj2Mv7A-00101-00059575-00059944 mechanism is happening in the patients as well. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00102-00059944-00060341 So now we have these genes, and so the next question is, you know, "What are these genes UJxtyj2Mv7A-00103-00060341-00061041 that WT-1 mutation seems to be prepensely methylating?" So GSC analysis shows in both UJxtyj2Mv7A-00104-00061514-00062102 the TCGA patients, as well as the THP 1 cells lines that they're extremely enriched for UJxtyj2Mv7A-00105-00062102-00062802 the PRC2 targets. So that's -- these are genes with the H3K27 tri-methylation marks, and UJxtyj2Mv7A-00106-00062995-00063654 so, you know -- so I mean, it could -- it's possible that this happens to any -- all genes UJxtyj2Mv7A-00107-00063654-00064108 that are methylated would be enriched for PRC2 targets. So what we decided to do was UJxtyj2Mv7A-00108-00064108-00064674 to compare the methylated genes associated with the different mutations and -- to see UJxtyj2Mv7A-00109-00064674-00065374 if that was unique to WT-1 and that turn. While you do see PRC2 enrichment for the other UJxtyj2Mv7A-00110-00065441-00065925 mutations, but the enrichment for WT-1 is clearly off the charts. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00111-00065925-00066625 So just to give you a quick review on what the PRC2 complex is, it's known to be a master UJxtyj2Mv7A-00112-00066627-00067241 regulator of differentiation events throughout development, and it has three components, UJxtyj2Mv7A-00113-00067241-00067906 one of which is EZH2, the catalytic component of which has a strong methyltransferase activity, UJxtyj2Mv7A-00114-00067906-00068606 and it's supposed to induce the HTK27 mark, which is a known mark of transcription repression. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00115-00068681-00069348 So is it possible that the WT-1 mutation is actually causing dis-regulation of PRC2 targets UJxtyj2Mv7A-00116-00069348-00070018 in AML? And our preliminary analysis suggests that's indeed the case. So what we did is UJxtyj2Mv7A-00117-00070018-00070677 we isolated a bunch of genes -- we call them the PRC2 mark genes in adult hematopoiesis, UJxtyj2Mv7A-00118-00070677-00071377 and we used the ENCODE data to come to that list. And then, we compared gene expression UJxtyj2Mv7A-00119-00071482-00072119 from -- for the WT-1 mutant AMLs versus normal hematopoietic populations. We found a significant UJxtyj2Mv7A-00120-00072119-00072693 degree of repression in the WT-1 mutant AMLs compared to mature mono sites [spelled phonetically], UJxtyj2Mv7A-00121-00072693-00073393 and these were actually more like the normal progenitors -- progenitor populations, suggesting UJxtyj2Mv7A-00122-00073418-00074118 that WT-1 mutation could be actually inducing a myeloid differentiation block. So to test UJxtyj2Mv7A-00123-00074198-00074898 this, we used a well-established cell line assay in which TF1 cells in presence of EPO UJxtyj2Mv7A-00124-00075137-00075668 produced fetal hemoglobin. But when the mutant was introduced in the same cells, they failed UJxtyj2Mv7A-00125-00075668-00076141 to produce fetal hemoglobin, suggesting a differentiation block. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00126-00076141-00076841 So, so far I've come -- hopefully I've shown you how the WT-1 mutant seems to be producing UJxtyj2Mv7A-00127-00077004-00077704 both dis-regulation of PRC2 targets and also seems to be causing a differentiation block. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00128-00077777-00078218 So the next question from the clinical stand point is, "Can you actually rescue the differentiation UJxtyj2Mv7A-00129-00078218-00078918 block?" So in order to test that, we used a GSK126, which is an inhibitor of EZH2, and UJxtyj2Mv7A-00130-00079020-00079674 is already in clinical trials, I believe, for activating mutations of EZH2 in defused UJxtyj2Mv7A-00131-00079674-00080374 cell lymphoma. And what we find is by treating with GSK126 for primary AML samples containing UJxtyj2Mv7A-00132-00080618-00081318 WT-1 mutant AML, we see an up-regulation of mature myeloid markers, and this was not observed UJxtyj2Mv7A-00133-00081368-00081956 in AML samples that did not have the WT-1 mutation, as well as in APML samples that UJxtyj2Mv7A-00134-00081956-00082656 did not have -- that responded to other treatments, but not to this particular treatment. So we UJxtyj2Mv7A-00135-00082922-00083561 are hoping that this actually means that the EZH -- the GSK126 could actually be used as UJxtyj2Mv7A-00136-00083561-00084043 a targeted therapy for AML patients with the WT-1 mutation. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00137-00084043-00084743 So this bring me to my last slide. I've presented a story about how we think mutation in WT-1 UJxtyj2Mv7A-00138-00084833-00085414 is a normal driver of DNA-methylation in AML, and we have actually tried to use the methylation UJxtyj2Mv7A-00139-00085414-00086108 pattern to come to a cure -- come to a potential therapy. So what's exciting from the clinical UJxtyj2Mv7A-00140-00086108-00086730 prospective is EZH2 inhibitors have activity in WT-1 mutant AML. And just a little plug UJxtyj2Mv7A-00141-00086730-00087247 about the computation pipeline, the initial pipeline that analyzed mutation methylation UJxtyj2Mv7A-00142-00087247-00087818 data is not AML-specific at all, and it should be applicable to other cancer types, or even, UJxtyj2Mv7A-00143-00087818-00088310 you know, Pan-Cancer kind of analysis. So if there's interest in that, please talk to UJxtyj2Mv7A-00144-00088310-00088574 me and I'll be happy to help you with that. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00145-00088574-00089274 So finally, I'd like to end with acknowledgements. I'd like to thank all my co-authors on this UJxtyj2Mv7A-00146-00089297-00089993 work, and particularly, Dan Thomas, who did the experimental work; our funding sources, UJxtyj2Mv7A-00147-00089993-00090525 and finally, the TCGA, actually, for putting out this kind of data that help people like UJxtyj2Mv7A-00148-00090525-00091024 me with a pure computation background to earn an interest in biology to come out and try UJxtyj2Mv7A-00149-00091024-00091642 my tool on this kind of data. Thank you. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00150-00091642-00091787 [applause] UJxtyj2Mv7A-00151-00091787-00092331 Peter Laird: Thank you very much. I'd like to ask a quick UJxtyj2Mv7A-00152-00092331-00092839 question, if I may. So, I'm a little puzzled by your rescue experiment, because generally UJxtyj2Mv7A-00153-00092839-00093539 when polycomb targets acquire abnormal DNA methylation, they lost the polycomb mark. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00154-00093635-00094335 And so I'm a little confused why you EZH2 inhibitor actually rescues the expression. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00155-00094432-00094707 Subarna Sinha: So actually -- yeah, so we -- sorry. We started UJxtyj2Mv7A-00156-00094707-00095314 out with the DNA-methylation, and then we noticed that the signal for this PRC2 dis-regulation UJxtyj2Mv7A-00157-00095314-00095907 was actually stronger in the WT-1 mutants. And that's why we decided to use EZH2 inhibitors. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00158-00095907-00096227 Peter Laird: So they're usually mutually exclusive. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00159-00096227-00096461 Subarna Sinha: Right, that's what -- yeah, that's what we UJxtyj2Mv7A-00160-00096461-00096876 had read in our own samples, but this is what we are seeing in the data. So we are actually UJxtyj2Mv7A-00161-00096876-00097061 analyzing it further to see what's going on. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00162-00097061-00097305 Male Speaker: So how much do we know about CEPPR-IFA [spelled UJxtyj2Mv7A-00163-00097305-00097470 phonetically], because IDH mutation -- UJxtyj2Mv7A-00164-00097470-00097536 Subarna Sinha: Yes. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00165-00097536-00097673 Male Speaker: -- this is very clear. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00166-00097673-00098118 Subarna Sinha: I have seen a pair of -- so the original work, UJxtyj2Mv7A-00167-00098118-00098643 I believe [unintelligible] they classified AML into 16 epigenetic clusters. One of the UJxtyj2Mv7A-00168-00098643-00099143 clusters actually had CBP Alpha mutants and they were -- it was a hyper-methylation cluster. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00169-00099143-00099831 But I do not believe that there is any work to actually validate that. So... UJxtyj2Mv7A-00170-00099831-00100051 Male Speaker: Thank you. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00171-00100051-00100116 Subarna Sinha: Thank you. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00172-00100116-00100205 Peter Laird: Thank you, Subarna, and we're going to take UJxtyj2Mv7A-00173-00100205-00100610 a coffee break now, and we'll be back for session four at 11:00 a.m. Thank you. UJxtyj2Mv7A-00174-00100610-00100635 [end of transcript] UKnRZhtPBlu-00000-00000024-00000480 on a bike cycling across canada was how jesse minty was planning on raising money UKnRZhtPBlu-00001-00000480-00001208 for bc children's hospital then coven 19 hit so i took lemons and i made lemonade the lemons being UKnRZhtPBlu-00002-00001208-00001752 the ongoing pandemic and the lemonade being a new plan that now involves a local initiative UKnRZhtPBlu-00003-00001752-00002456 tomorrow at 12 noon i am going to attempt to cycle 24 hours sorry i got my mom helping me here UKnRZhtPBlu-00004-00002456-00002896 so just help just raise it one blow it all right well that's interesting so i'm UKnRZhtPBlu-00005-00002896-00003440 just trying to run zwift an hour ago i wasn't going live and i was very angry so it is what UKnRZhtPBlu-00006-00003440-00003960 it is okay so if you're wondering what this uh special concoction is that chris has made me UKnRZhtPBlu-00007-00003960-00004432 it's got a little bit of everything in it hello everyone this is chris kinnear owner of popeye UKnRZhtPBlu-00008-00004432-00004904 supplements victoria and i am the co-host of jesse's porn stream for charity there's a special UKnRZhtPBlu-00009-00004904-00005400 concoction of everything that chris mentioned in this one bottle i have five of them so UKnRZhtPBlu-00010-00005488-00005800 hopefully one an hour think about self-quarantining is UKnRZhtPBlu-00011-00005920-00006480 and you're just in your house all by yourself and yeah okay so when chris comes make sure he's still UKnRZhtPBlu-00012-00006480-00007112 alive yeah he'll be able to adjust things and make it the better uh hopefully i'll find my phone for UKnRZhtPBlu-00013-00007112-00007904 scouring house i didn't leave the house so it's here huh gotta figure out where it is oh mom UKnRZhtPBlu-00014-00008120-00009056 i'm so dumb what am i filming from your phone because of the new system initially i was going UKnRZhtPBlu-00015-00009056-00009496 to have my phone the old system was going to have my phone and i could answer phone UKnRZhtPBlu-00016-00009496-00009984 calls and i could do different things here we are running all over the house looking for this phone UKnRZhtPBlu-00017-00010136-00010648 that's filming this if you're curious this is called zwift uh it's a cycle program it UKnRZhtPBlu-00018-00010648-00011232 connects to my hub which connects to my computer tracks galleries distance everything else i'm UKnRZhtPBlu-00019-00011232-00011864 cycling with a whole bunch of different people uh usually i'm around 250 to 270 UKnRZhtPBlu-00020-00011928-00012832 for wattage but that's like a four hour ride or like a five hour ride i'm dialing it back UKnRZhtPBlu-00021-00012832-00013663 chris is telling me to smile if anybody has a case for not ipod ipad pro 9.7 so i can UKnRZhtPBlu-00022-00013663-00014680 like set it up with here we love our nurses or doctors or healthcare workers if you're a nurse UKnRZhtPBlu-00023-00014680-00015296 a doctor or healthcare worker thank you for all that you do if you're not please UKnRZhtPBlu-00024-00015296-00015728 give this video a thumbs up because it's designed to help everybody in the community UKnRZhtPBlu-00025-00015863-00016472 hello jesse oh hey here i want to put my mask on okay push social distancing yeah you got UKnRZhtPBlu-00026-00016472-00018384 to put your mask on 100 which makes it harder to breathe but that's okay your buddy from 100.3 says UKnRZhtPBlu-00027-00019752-00020400 um he's got a monumental task ahead of him and uh if i could pass on any words of advice UKnRZhtPBlu-00028-00020400-00021360 for you jesse uh the the first would be definitely pace yourself 24 hours is a long time um the UKnRZhtPBlu-00029-00021360-00021928 second thing is you gotta be on your nutrition man you gotta be on it right from the start on youtube UKnRZhtPBlu-00030-00021928-00022640 all right jesse minty here is uh cycling to raise money for the rapid relief on here in victoria and UKnRZhtPBlu-00031-00022640-00023232 uh he's been going for a few hours now he's gonna be going until one o'clock tomorrow afternoon yeah UKnRZhtPBlu-00032-00023232-00023968 24 hours how do you feel so far it's now uh two hours in oh i only have 22 more hours to go there UKnRZhtPBlu-00033-00023968-00024424 you go so you've overcome all your tech stuff i mean for everybody at home you're looking at it on UKnRZhtPBlu-00034-00024488-00025048 youtube but you don't see everything here so you've overcome adversity you're working with UKnRZhtPBlu-00035-00025048-00025472 something else first but that's like everything life throws you curveballs like you said earlier UKnRZhtPBlu-00036-00025472-00026088 lemons make lemonade so uh if you still want to help out his amazing funds details are below here UKnRZhtPBlu-00037-00026088-00026783 and jesse why are you doing this to help all the local families through the rapper we find UKnRZhtPBlu-00038-00026888-00027264 to help all the local businesses that are struggling through a hard time UKnRZhtPBlu-00039-00027400-00027792 it's really hard to cycle with a mask on but uh we're just here to help UKnRZhtPBlu-00040-00027856-00028256 help support people uh everybody's struggling in one way or another UKnRZhtPBlu-00041-00028344-00029064 i hope to uh inspire people to do more uh it's raining outside so tune in to youtube and watch me UKnRZhtPBlu-00042-00029120-00029768 uh i met chris uh back in july we trained to do the ride to conquer cancer a few people asked UKnRZhtPBlu-00043-00029768-00030200 so what are you going to do next i decided to uh train for the next six or seven months UKnRZhtPBlu-00044-00030320-00030983 on zwift and run or try to ride as far as i possibly could to train to ride across the country UKnRZhtPBlu-00045-00031072-00031968 raising money for charity kobe 19 happened so here we are lemons to lemonade curveballs all UKnRZhtPBlu-00046-00031968-00032608 i ask for you guys to do is share this with people comment like subscribe i'll see the UKnRZhtPBlu-00047-00032608-00033224 usual stuff but share it more people share it more people see it more people see it guess what UKnRZhtPBlu-00048-00033224-00033720 more people donate all right so again support jesse share this like you said because the more UKnRZhtPBlu-00049-00033720-00034160 people see this wonderful message the more money is raised for the charities so thank you to all UKnRZhtPBlu-00050-00034160-00034680 the sponsors everybody helping jesse out we've got several more hours to go but like uh jasper said UKnRZhtPBlu-00051-00034760-00035304 just little bits at a time keep going all right we'll see in a bit yeah and uh happy birthday UKnRZhtPBlu-00052-00035304-00036016 happy birthday by the way thank you honey now to the program so uh for i know who you are but UKnRZhtPBlu-00053-00036096-00036576 no i'm sure there's a lot of people out there who don't know who you are go ahead tell me who you UKnRZhtPBlu-00054-00036576-00037168 are uh my name is brett mcmahon competed at two olympics and now i'm at an ironman for athlete UKnRZhtPBlu-00055-00037232-00037696 okay so tell me about yourself who are you so my name is uh matthew sharp UKnRZhtPBlu-00056-00037696-00038488 um i'm a national team triathlete compete all over the world for canada um we have a good UKnRZhtPBlu-00057-00038488-00039384 triathlon i'm about 10 years old and i'm 28 not now 28 yeah four o'clock we're three hours in UKnRZhtPBlu-00058-00039448-00040280 2000 calories 65k so it's going pretty consistent update 200 watts i can see in the mirror UKnRZhtPBlu-00059-00040280-00040712 keep moving forward i know i look like i'm cycling by myself but i think there are other people there UKnRZhtPBlu-00060-00041328-00041712 hi everybody carissa here from the west shore warehouse UKnRZhtPBlu-00061-00041712-00042112 obviously i'm not in my gym right now i'm coming to you from my house UKnRZhtPBlu-00062-00042112-00042728 as we are in quarantine um shout out to jesse on his bike keep on crushing it 24 UKnRZhtPBlu-00063-00042728-00043584 hours i can't imagine i can't wait to see what it's like at the end of all of this UKnRZhtPBlu-00064-00045184-00045632 hey youtube if you have any other suggestions for how to keep k-tape on UKnRZhtPBlu-00065-00045768-00046384 somebody thinks i look cute in a cute outfit chris physique try wrapping a tensor bandage around UKnRZhtPBlu-00066-00046464-00047112 your knee to keep the tape on oh great idea is that chris from popeyes we might not have one UKnRZhtPBlu-00067-00047112-00047696 so welcome to coven everything closes so bloody early it's 9 20 and everything's UKnRZhtPBlu-00068-00047696-00048472 closed so little do it yourself project uh take a sock this one's got flamingos on it UKnRZhtPBlu-00069-00048696-00048944 cut it flamingos yeah pretty nice huh UKnRZhtPBlu-00070-00049104-00050584 who likes my new look uh giant flamingos what do you guys think should i take tylenol UKnRZhtPBlu-00071-00051279-00051664 this one was got a basket full of good ideas UKnRZhtPBlu-00072-00051664-00053384 good enough shaving cream so i took like a ruler deodorant and just like you know went to town UKnRZhtPBlu-00073-00053784-00054504 um i had to take my other knee uh both knees are fried so i'm just gonna i have three hours to go UKnRZhtPBlu-00074-00054591-00055120 um and i'm just going to keep going um i'm just having a hard hard time right now UKnRZhtPBlu-00075-00055440-00056272 good morning hi john uh my name is jesse linton happy flipping birthday you start oh thank you UKnRZhtPBlu-00076-00056344-00056896 i've been watching you on your youtube live stream for the last four or five hours and UKnRZhtPBlu-00077-00057000-00057376 yes it's happy birthday thank you for doing what you're doing and you must be exhausted so UKnRZhtPBlu-00078-00057376-00057688 however you can find the energy to just let some of us know the incredible thing you've UKnRZhtPBlu-00079-00057688-00058264 been doing and what you will do for the next three hours left yeah that'd be incredible okay i'm uh UKnRZhtPBlu-00080-00058264-00059152 doing a 24 hour live stream through youtube on my bike uh i am incredibly sore my knees are UKnRZhtPBlu-00081-00059152-00059576 all taped and whatnot and i have a lot of people in the community reaching out and trying to help UKnRZhtPBlu-00082-00059576-00060184 me through chris has been a huge help um and so basically i'm doing a live stream the reason why UKnRZhtPBlu-00083-00060184-00060648 is because i was supposed to cycle across the country and then i was training for it raising UKnRZhtPBlu-00084-00060648-00061191 money for charity did six months of training and then covet happen so i switched things around UKnRZhtPBlu-00085-00061248-00061824 i decided to go on an indoor trainer because everything's social distancing and uh from there i UKnRZhtPBlu-00086-00061952-00062455 i'm tired okay so that was that was live on the radio on 91-3 UKnRZhtPBlu-00087-00062624-00063488 uh i'm really sore i can imagine my uh left knee is uh fried UKnRZhtPBlu-00088-00063720-00064152 oh man i think i twisted it uh getting on and off the bike UKnRZhtPBlu-00089-00064384-00065279 that's no good no so it's uh it's in a lot of pain so but hey no pain no gain right i got 60 minutes UKnRZhtPBlu-00090-00065279-00065608 how was it getting through the through the night oh it was fun UKnRZhtPBlu-00091-00065696-00066624 yeah um yeah it was enjoyable uh all by yourself for five hours uh dark cause you're right as soon UKnRZhtPBlu-00092-00066624-00067560 as the sun came up i had a bit more energy but it was a hard go had a windy nose at 2 30 uh was live UKnRZhtPBlu-00093-00067560-00068400 so everybody saw it you got kind of sick how's your crotch oh yeah there we go uh three shammies UKnRZhtPBlu-00095-00072400-00072984 oh UKnRZhtPBlu-00096-00073144-00073240 all right well i was done UKnRZhtPBlu-00097-00073456-00074080 okay so don't forget to comment on this give it a thumbs up it was 24 hours on the bike UKnRZhtPBlu-00098-00074352-00074584 and awesome subscribe to the channel UKnRZhtPBlu-00099-00074712-00075784 and share it share it with whoever we're all the reason winning here so thank you very much UKnRZhtPBlu-00100-00075896-00075904 you ULuzMnLcn_0-00000-00000000-00000200 HIPER FUND GLOBAL ULIobF6Qdbo-00000-00001091-00001402 So, when I was a student at my Ukrainian university ULIobF6Qdbo-00001-00001466-00001774 It was after collapse of the Soviet Union and some ULIobF6Qdbo-00002-00001830-00002221 military officers who thought such security courses for ULIobF6Qdbo-00003-00002280-00002406 universities for ULIobF6Qdbo-00004-00002406-00002885 for the army, they came to my university. I was very interested in such ULIobF6Qdbo-00005-00002907-00003620 security courses, it was really exciting for me and I decided to join such research team and now ULIobF6Qdbo-00006-00003620-00003835 I understand that it was quite right decision ULIobF6Qdbo-00007-00004213-00004999 This block cipher was developed to be used instead of the old Soviet standard. So, Ukraine where for many years ULIobF6Qdbo-00008-00004999-00005358 they were used to very old standard which was developed ULIobF6Qdbo-00009-00005432-00005632 by the Soviet Union and ULIobF6Qdbo-00010-00005669-00006375 when this standard become obsoleted with we begin to do researches in this direction, and we ULIobF6Qdbo-00011-00006428-00006673 developed a quite new block cipher. ULIobF6Qdbo-00012-00006755-00007161 The block cipher which has very good properties was published in English ULIobF6Qdbo-00013-00007162-00007635 it was researched by several international teams and we got very positive feedback for it ULIobF6Qdbo-00014-00008003-00008259 I heard about it several years ago ULIobF6Qdbo-00015-00008260-00008396 I didn't ULIobF6Qdbo-00016-00008396-00008772 pay much attention to it, because I was very busy with my habilitation ULIobF6Qdbo-00017-00008786-00009456 dissertation with the new block cipher and very many other problems with given courses at international universities in South Korea ULIobF6Qdbo-00018-00009503-00009721 and Norway, but when I got ULIobF6Qdbo-00019-00009775-00010380 a little bit more free time when I looked for the new research directions after finishing this ULIobF6Qdbo-00020-00010460-00011178 national project with the block cipher. I found that this is quite interesting topic and that day I decided to join this topic ULIobF6Qdbo-00021-00011178-00011586 I was very lucky to meet the founders of IOHK and ULIobF6Qdbo-00022-00011653-00012054 I joined this research team, and it's very interesting to work in this area UNIYlQ7q4V4-00000-00001117-00001676 Item #: SCP-579 Object Class: Keter UNIYlQ7q4V4-00001-00001676-00002426 Threat Level: [UNLOCK THREAT LEVEL DLC FOR ONLY 1000 TELEKILL TODAY] UNIYlQ7q4V4-00002-00002426-00003159 Special Containment Procedures: Due to the difficulty of containing SCP-579, it has been UNIYlQ7q4V4-00003-00003159-00003596 contained at Site-579, which has been built specifically for the purpose of containing UNIYlQ7q4V4-00004-00003596-00003907 SCP-579. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00005-00003907-00004538 All staff at Site-579 are to be rotated out biweekly for psychological, physical, and UNIYlQ7q4V4-00006-00004538-00004700 spiritual examinations. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00007-00004700-00005437 In addition, staff assigned to SCP-579 are to score 100 points or higher on the Milgram UNIYlQ7q4V4-00008-00005437-00005676 Obedience Examination. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00009-00005676-00006611 SCP-579 is to be contained in a 2km x 2km x 1km containment cell lined with steel, lead, UNIYlQ7q4V4-00010-00006611-00007270 titanium, telekill alloy and [UNLOCK EXTREMELY TOUGH MATERIAL DLC FOR ONLY 1000 TELEKILL]. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00011-00007270-00007845 The walls of this containment cell are to be outfitted with lethal visual cognitohazards. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00012-00007845-00008457 SCP-579 is to be suspended at the exact center of this containment chamber by steel chains UNIYlQ7q4V4-00013-00008457-00009013 blessed by a priest of the Islamic church, inside of a spherical secondary cell 12 meters UNIYlQ7q4V4-00014-00009013-00009214 in diameter. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00015-00009214-00009804 The secondary containment cell is to be flooded with gamma radiation once every two hours. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00016-00009804-00010334 Any attempts to breach this secondary containment cell are to be responded to by an automated UNIYlQ7q4V4-00017-00010334-00010800 system, capable of flushing the entire containment cell with sedatives. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00018-00010800-00011515 In the event that SCP-579 breaches containment and manages to subdue on-site MTF forces, UNIYlQ7q4V4-00019-00011515-00012083 several Foundation satellites located above Site-579 will [UNLOCK THE EXTRANEOUS CONTAINMENT UNIYlQ7q4V4-00020-00012083-00012989 MEASURES DLC FOR ONLY 1000 TELEKILL] All active MTF forces located at the nearby Site-99 are UNIYlQ7q4V4-00021-00012989-00013662 to be deployed to Site-579 to search for the remains of SCP-579. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00022-00013662-00014438 Once SCP-579 is recovered, it is to be held in containment until Site-579 is rebuilt. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00023-00014438-00014951 In the event of an XK-Class "Salted Earth" scenario, Harken-Grey Matter Transporters UNIYlQ7q4V4-00024-00014951-00015769 (HGMT) located at Site-579 will transport SCP-579 and its containment systems to an UNIYlQ7q4V4-00025-00015769-00016262 isolated cavern system located 200 km below surface level. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00026-00016262-00016745 Should the XK-Class scenario make further containment on Earth unfeasible, SCP-579 will UNIYlQ7q4V4-00027-00016745-00017379 instead be transported to the third planet from the star [UNLOCK EXTRATERRESTRIAL DLC UNIYlQ7q4V4-00028-00017379-00017659 FOR ONLY 1000 TELEKILL TODAY] UNIYlQ7q4V4-00029-00017659-00018223 In the event of a ZK-Class "End of Reality" scenario, [UNLOCK EXTRANEOUS CONTAINMENT MEASURES UNIYlQ7q4V4-00030-00018223-00018561 DLC FOR ONLY 10000 TELEKILL TODAY] UNIYlQ7q4V4-00031-00018561-00019234 Description: [UNLOCK DESCRIPTION USING 1000 TELEKILL, OR PAY $15.99 TO ACQUIRE DESCRIPTION UNIYlQ7q4V4-00032-00019234-00019418 AND ADDENDUM DLC] UNIYlQ7q4V4-00033-00019418-00019657 Addendum: Timeline UNIYlQ7q4V4-00034-00019657-00020098 Event 0: SCP-579 is discovered. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00035-00020098-00020629 Point of origin is [UNLOCK POINT OF ORIGIN DLC FOR 2000 TELEKILL] UNIYlQ7q4V4-00036-00020629-00021090 Event 1: Initial assessment of SCP-579 is undertaken. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00037-00021090-00021498 [UNLOCK TEST RESULT DLC FOR 2000 TELEKILL] UNIYlQ7q4V4-00038-00021498-00022320 Event 2: SCP-579 is inadvertently [UNLOCK "THING THAT GOES WRONG" DLC FOR 5000 TELEKILL] UNIYlQ7q4V4-00039-00022320-00022801 Event 3: [SUCCESSFUL CONTAINMENT DLC IS GOC EXLUSIVE. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00040-00022801-00023278 UNLOCK SUCCESSFUL CONTAINMENT DLC BY ORDERING THIS DOCUMENT FROM THE GOC] UNIYlQ7q4V4-00041-00023278-00024040 Event 4: SCP-579 is moved to Site-[SITE NUMBER DLC IS UIU EXCLUSIVE. UNIYlQ7q4V4-00042-00024040-00024482 UNLOCK SITE NUMBER DLC BY ORDERING THIS DOCUMENT FROM THE UIU] UNIYlQ7q4V4-00043-00024482-00024850 Event 5: SCP-579 is moved into UNIYlQ7q4V4-00044-00024850-00024950 Uh-oh! UNIYlQ7q4V4-00045-00024950-00025093 You have run out of ENERGY! UNIYlQ7q4V4-00046-00025093-00025686 You can wait for 15h 20m for more ENERGY or replenish your ENERGY instantly with 100 TELEKILL, UNIYlQ7q4V4-00047-00025686-00025916 and continue to read this document! UNIYlQ7q4V4-00048-00025916-00026252 [Angry chimpanzee noises] UpqBI3tOwVu-00000-00000944-00001363 The first grammar point is subject- pronouns. Before we learn the subject pronouns in Hindi, UpqBI3tOwVu-00001-00001363-00001923 we must learn what is a subject and what is a subject pronoun. So let's start with the subject. UpqBI3tOwVu-00002-00001923-00002530 What is a subject? Subject is a word that indicates a doer of an action in a sentence. UpqBI3tOwVu-00003-00002530-00003053 For example, in the sentence: "Ram is reading a book." Ram is the doer of the action. UpqBI3tOwVu-00004-00003053-00003610 Ram is reading the book that's why Ram is the subject. What is the subject-pronoun? UpqBI3tOwVu-00005-00003610-00003960 A pronoun used in place of the subject, is the subject-pronoun. UpqBI3tOwVu-00006-00003960-00004540 In the sentence: "he is reading a book", "he" is replacing the subject in the previous sentence. UpqBI3tOwVu-00007-00004560-00004973 "He" is replacing the noun– "Ram" here, so "He" is thesubject pronoun. UpqBI3tOwVu-00008-00004973-00005783 The other examples of subject-pronouns in English are: I, you, he, she, they, etc. UpqBI3tOwVu-00009-00005847-00006136 Let's take the subject-pronouns in Hindi. UpqBI3tOwVu-00010-00006136-00006653 Just like English, the Hindi language also has two numbers: singular and plural; and three persons. UpqBI3tOwVu-00011-00006653-00006971 First person, second person, and third person. UpqBI3tOwVu-00012-00006999-00007408 The Hindi subject-pronouns also belong to these categories. UpqBI3tOwVu-00013-00007780-00008440 The first person singular subject-pronoun in Hindi is मैं ; it is "I" in English. UpqBI3tOwVu-00014-00008440-00008920 The first person plural subject-pronoun is हम ; it is "we" in English. UpqBI3tOwVu-00015-00008920-00009356 For second person, English has only one subject-pronoun: that is "you", UpqBI3tOwVu-00016-00009356-00009609 which is used for both, singular and plural. UpqBI3tOwVu-00017-00009609-00010212 Hindi has three forms for second person subject-pronouns: तू , तुम , and आप UpqBI3tOwVu-00018-00010212-00010723 तू is used for singular second person pronoun. It is the most informal way of addressing someone, UpqBI3tOwVu-00019-00010723-00010961 and it is sometimes even rude to useतू UpqBI3tOwVu-00020-00010961-00011210 The students are advised not to use तू at all. UpqBI3tOwVu-00021-00011210-00011700 The best practice for students willbe: not to use it, completely avoid this form. UpqBI3tOwVu-00022-00011712-00012220 For plural second person-subject pronoun, Hindi has two subject pronouns: तुम and आप UpqBI3tOwVu-00023-00012264-00012760 तुम is a second person plural subject pronoun, and it can also be used as a singular person. UpqBI3tOwVu-00024-00012776-00013447 It is "you" in English and it is the informal way of addressing someone, but it is still acceptable. UpqBI3tOwVu-00025-00013447-00013903 It is used with close friends and relatives: thepeople you are familiar with. UpqBI3tOwVu-00026-00013903-00014380 And finally आप is also second person plural subject pronoun. Itis also "you" in English; UpqBI3tOwVu-00027-00014380-00014976 it can be used for singular person as well. It is the most formal,the most polite way of addressing someone. UpqBI3tOwVu-00028-00015032-00015360 The students are advised to use आप most of thetime. UpqBI3tOwVu-00029-00015384-00016040 As you can see, English has only one secondperson per subject pronoun: "you" for singular, plural, and honorifics. UpqBI3tOwVu-00030-00016040-00016349 Hindi has three different: तू , तुम , and आप UpqBI3tOwVu-00031-00016768-00017112 The third person's singular subject pronoun in Hindi is यह and वह UpqBI3tOwVu-00032-00017184-00017808 They are commonly pronounced as "ye" and "vo". Hindi does not make any gender distinction, UpqBI3tOwVu-00033-00017808-00018333 so यह can mean: he, she, or it, and वह can also mean: he, she, and it. UpqBI3tOwVu-00034-00018333-00018820 The distinction between यह and वह is based on proximity to the speaker. UpqBI3tOwVu-00035-00018820-00019283 यह is used for someone who is physically close to the speaker, standing next to the speaker. UpqBI3tOwVu-00036-00019283-00019683 And वह is used for someone who is far away from the speaker. UpqBI3tOwVu-00037-00019683-00019921 It is something like "this" or "that" in English. UpqBI3tOwVu-00038-00019921-00020320 Infact, यह and वह is also used for "this" and "that"in English. UpqBI3tOwVu-00039-00020340-00020892 There's one more point one should make about यह and वह as proximal and distal pronouns; UpqBI3tOwVu-00040-00020920-00021528 that when a speaker is talking about someone that person is usually not close to the speaker. UpqBI3tOwVu-00041-00021528-00021751 That's why वह is mostly used. UpqBI3tOwVu-00042-00021751-00022159 The context usuallydemands that वह is more often used thanयह UpqBI3tOwVu-00043-00022200-00022450 The use of यह is rather rare. UpqBI3tOwVu-00044-00022450-00022850 Let's now takethe third person plural subject pronouns in Hindi. UpqBI3tOwVu-00045-00022850-00023235 It is "they" in English, and in Hindi it is ये and वे UpqBI3tOwVu-00046-00023235-00023496 Keep in mind that in colloquial and conversational Hindi, UpqBI3tOwVu-00047-00023496-00023870 people do not make distinction between thirdperson singular and plural. UpqBI3tOwVu-00048-00023870-00024266 For third person plural too people use यह and वह UpqBI3tOwVu-00049-00024266-00024656 The distinction between ये and वे is also based on the proximity to the speaker. UpqBI3tOwVu-00050-00024656-00024866 Just like in singular: यह and वह UpqBI3tOwVu-00051-00024866-00025148 ये is used for the people physically close to the speaker, UpqBI3tOwVu-00052-00025148-00025472 and वे is used for the people who are far away from the speaker. UpqBI3tOwVu-00053-00025472-00025709 It is something like "these" and "those". UpqBI3tOwVu-00054-00025709-00026232 In fact, the translation of the word "these" and "those" into Hindi, is also ये and वे UpqBI3tOwVu-00055-00026266-00026510 Another peculiarity about the third person UpqBI3tOwVu-00056-00026510-00026760 plural subject pronounये and वे is honorifics. UpqBI3tOwVu-00057-00026760-00027101 ये and वे can also be used be used for the singular person. UpqBI3tOwVu-00058-00027120-00027719 When they are used for a singular person, it expresses extra politeness to the person mentioned. UpqBI3tOwVu-00059-00027744-00028306 Here's the final table for the subject pronouns. "I" is मैं, "we" is हम UpqBI3tOwVu-00060-00028306-00028603 For "you" there are three forms: तू , तुम , and आप UpqBI3tOwVu-00061-00028603-00029170 and for third person singular, it is यह and वह and for plural it is ये and वे UO6uT_wpoGA-00000-00000370-00000964 Mr.Riyadh :Good evening and welcome to the creative commons meeting in the Arab world, Google hangout UO6uT_wpoGA-00001-00000974-00001508 My name is Riyad Albulishi, a PhD student at London university UO6uT_wpoGA-00002-00001514-00002290 Today the word is celebrating the "Open Education" week, for awareness of resources, tools and open practices UO6uT_wpoGA-00003-00002308-00002996 that aims to facilitate knowledge through the providing of free resources through the internet UO6uT_wpoGA-00005-00007109-00008252 Dr. Fawzi, can you define for us what is "Open education" and what is its objectives ? UO6uT_wpoGA-00006-00008284-00009356 Before I start I would like to thank you for this good and nice meeting UO6uT_wpoGA-00007-00009372-00010522 and it's my honor to be here with you to speak about a subject that is occupying the attention of the world in Europe and America and it just started in a strong way in the Arab countries. UO6uT_wpoGA-00008-00010792-00011614 As for me, let me start with the word "open education" and its meaning. UO6uT_wpoGA-00009-00011654-00012502 Let me speak about the openness part, which is open education. UO6uT_wpoGA-00010-00012530-00013588 The world open is simply built on the idea that says "Knowledge UO6uT_wpoGA-00011-00013608-00014719 must be spread in the word free and through the internet for the sake of serving the whole community. UO6uT_wpoGA-00012-00014741-00015263 Also in English we say 'world knowledge' is a public good, UO6uT_wpoGA-00013-00015274-00016240 and in education we say, in education and higher education, if there is no sharing there is no education so Education is Sharing. UO6uT_wpoGA-00014-00016266-00017580 To elaborate more on the word, "open education", let me explain this through the 4Rs, off David Weily, UO6uT_wpoGA-00015-00017582-00018132 who is a pioneer in open education and open educational resources. UO6uT_wpoGA-00016-00018150-00018840 He spoke about 4Rs and recently they have 5Rs. The first one UO6uT_wpoGA-00017-00018854-00019500 The first one is reusing the content. UO6uT_wpoGA-00018-00019512-00020458 The second R, is revise content or modification of the content. UO6uT_wpoGA-00019-00020472-00021584 Or any person digging for content on the internet, he has the right to download it and use it UO6uT_wpoGA-00020-00021612-00022016 The second R, is revise content or modification of the content UO6uT_wpoGA-00021-00022038-00023170 The third R is mixing the content from many resources. Not only, using it and modifying it, but also the university lecturer can take contents UO6uT_wpoGA-00022-00023190-00024312 from different resources and mix it together and use it in the university or school or training, or..or..or… UO6uT_wpoGA-00023-00024336-00025170 The fourth one which he called it redistribution the fourth R. Redistribution means re-distribute the content, UO6uT_wpoGA-00024-00025170-00025250 Or to make it simple, I will give an example. Suppose I found a content on the internet which is considered The fourth one which he called it redistribution the fourth R. Redistribution means re-distribute the content, UO6uT_wpoGA-00025-00025250-00026027 Or to make it simple, I will give an example. Suppose I found a content on the internet which is considered UO6uT_wpoGA-00026-00026045-00026910 as open education recourse. I have the right to download it, I have the right to modify it I have the right to mix it with other resources UO6uT_wpoGA-00027-00026930-00027745 Also I can add to it something as a university professor and then reload the content UO6uT_wpoGA-00028-00027745-00027748 back to the internet so others can benefit Also I can add to it something as a university professor and then reload the content UO6uT_wpoGA-00029-00027748-00028500 back to the internet so others can benefit UO6uT_wpoGA-00030-00028539-00028750 We can say here UO6uT_wpoGA-00031-00028756-00029989 as a small conclusion that the philosophy of OER is built on openness . Openness is a key term and it UO6uT_wpoGA-00032-00030012-00030332 is essential for OER UO6uT_wpoGA-00033-00030352-00031110 In addition to the freedom of using OER, like modifying it and distribution it. UO6uT_wpoGA-00034-00031132-00031520 Without any barriers UO6uT_wpoGA-00035-00031558-00032327 Today I believe that when we speak about OER it must be UO6uT_wpoGA-00036-00032327-00032330 free and open. Today I believe that when we speak about OER it must be UO6uT_wpoGA-00037-00032330-00032504 free and open. UO6uT_wpoGA-00038-00032533-00032868 Because there are many things that are free but not open UO6uT_wpoGA-00039-00032876-00033760 We should discriminate between the two things. When we have truly open we must have UO6uT_wpoGA-00040-00033774-00034424 When we have truly open we must have OER as open and free together UO6uT_wpoGA-00041-00034442-00035624 What does this means for the student and the teacher?, UO6uT_wpoGA-00042-00035636-00036086 it means the access to content, UO6uT_wpoGA-00043-00036104-00036560 it means the access to tools UO6uT_wpoGA-00044-00036568-00037476 or open software or open source software. Because I need tools to create the content UO6uT_wpoGA-00045-00037490-00038056 And also it means another thing which is open standards UO6uT_wpoGA-00046-00038068-00038592 , meaning that if we have a content in America or an Arabic country UO6uT_wpoGA-00047-00038600-00039404 and I want to take this content, there must be an open standards so I can move the content without any technical issues. UO6uT_wpoGA-00048-00039414-00040220 Also an important thing which I want to speak about is the open license. UO6uT_wpoGA-00049-00040230-00040846 Open licensing I want to tell very important thing here:: If we did not have an institute UO6uT_wpoGA-00050-00040856-00041580 institute with the name of creative commons which has created 6 types of licenses UO6uT_wpoGA-00051-00041590-00042106 we will not have something which is called OER UO6uT_wpoGA-00052-00042118-00042810 Here I want to leave this for Miss Naeema the Creative Commons representative in the Arab world. She can tell UO6uT_wpoGA-00053-00042814-00043284 us about the 6 models of licenses or she can decide otherwise. UO6uT_wpoGA-00054-00043302-00043684 us about the 6 models of licenses or she can decide otherwise. UO6uT_wpoGA-00055-00043704-00044222 Miss Naeema :Many thanks Dr Fawzi on the most beautiful UO6uT_wpoGA-00056-00044234-00044520 beautiful and comprehensive introduction which you gave us. UO6uT_wpoGA-00057-00044540-00045010 I like to speak about the subject from the venue of history and philosophy. UO6uT_wpoGA-00058-00045022-00045744 As for me the first time I learned about the content or the idea of OER: the" Arabic Open Resources" UO6uT_wpoGA-00059-00045924-00046870 I did not find it strange to me. So if we go back in history we will find libraries all over the world. UO6uT_wpoGA-00060-00046884-00047416 Even it goes very far back like the days of "Andalusia" In "Seville" UO6uT_wpoGA-00061-00047422-00048176 and "Cordoba" and "Talilh" there where libraries that are visited from all over the world , like scientist UO6uT_wpoGA-00062-00048190-00048852 and students who wrote about the information they knew UO6uT_wpoGA-00063-00048872-00049560 in a written format because there wasn’t any other format, so to share this information with everybody UO6uT_wpoGA-00064-00049568-00050340 everybody in the world. Now I don’t know if there where anything for return or if they make any profit or was it supported by the UO6uT_wpoGA-00065-00050350-00050590 governments and UO6uT_wpoGA-00066-00050616-00051416 and thinkers or head of states..etc. It was not only UO6uT_wpoGA-00067-00051424-00051678 knowledge transfer UO6uT_wpoGA-00068-00051686-00052417 freely to preserve the humanity and human history UO6uT_wpoGA-00069-00052428-00052700 but more important there were practices UO6uT_wpoGA-00070-00052708-00053064 which you have referred to it as policies UO6uT_wpoGA-00071-00053078-00053517 For example which is close to the Arabic world UO6uT_wpoGA-00072-00053528-00053779 is "Endowment" and "Missionaries" UO6uT_wpoGA-00073-00053791-00054328 They depends on building institute that are concerned with education UO6uT_wpoGA-00074-00054346-00055129 for transferring thoughts and science. So it is really not strange concept for us in the Arabic world. UO6uT_wpoGA-00075-00055146-00055841 The strange thing for us in the Arabic word is that this module is an internet module or it is digital UO6uT_wpoGA-00076-00055852-00056252 however it is so close to us. UO6uT_wpoGA-00077-00056264-00056754 Later we will explain more. As for what are the components UO6uT_wpoGA-00078-00056766-00057267 of the OER or the "Open Arabic Resources" UO6uT_wpoGA-00079-00057279-00057704 is not limited only on UO6uT_wpoGA-00080-00057712-00058032 on educational material on line, UO6uT_wpoGA-00081-00058040-00058516 no, it can be assessment tools, UO6uT_wpoGA-00082-00058536-00059596 may be quizzes exams, may be games on the internet to motivate learning. Therefore it can be essential educational material, UO6uT_wpoGA-00083-00059605-00061108 also it can be assistant for the education material, or it can be multimedia, so that it allow for the academic person to be more proficient in delivery of knowledge and also in UO6uT_wpoGA-00084-00061120-00061404 measuring how much knowledge has reached. UO6uT_wpoGA-00085-00061586-00062290 This is all what I wanted to add, of course we will speak more on the topics which Dr Fawzi talked about. UO6uT_wpoGA-00086-00062316-00064088 Mr. Riyadh: I think the simple meaning for the user is that the educational resources must be available on the internet. Technology made this possible UO6uT_wpoGA-00087-00064096-00064576 and there is no cost associated with it UO6uT_wpoGA-00088-00064605-00065496 What is the range of OER initiatives is it only for schools or universities UO6uT_wpoGA-00089-00065510-00065870 or what are the types of educational institutes UO6uT_wpoGA-00090-00065870-00065882 which can benefit from OER initiative? or what are the types of educational institutes UO6uT_wpoGA-00091-00065882-00066034 which can benefit from OER initiative? UO6uT_wpoGA-00092-00066068-00068446 No for sure no, we can not only say it is only for universities. We can see benefits on school level, we can say benefits for the governments. We can also see that there are many initiatives on the government level in the world UO6uT_wpoGA-00093-00068472-00070066 If we look recently Obama administration they are talking that all money paid to universities or educational institutes..or ..or..or UO6uT_wpoGA-00094-00070074-00071218 All this money coming from the tax payer , it must be on the internet free and open UO6uT_wpoGA-00095-00071234-00071924 We also have non- government organization that can benefit from OER like NGO UO6uT_wpoGA-00096-00071950-00073856 Also there is something that is very important which I have a long experience with it, that is lifelong learning Today we know that the universities are graduating students in engineering and all discipline UO6uT_wpoGA-00097-00073868-00075288 but the labor market is developing very quickly because of technology. So somebody who obtained a university degree cannot stay still and must continue learning. UO6uT_wpoGA-00098-00075302-00076776 And the open resources and the material on the internet enable those lifelong learners to take courses and obtain open resources UO6uT_wpoGA-00099-00076788-00077702 or taking something like MOOC which is UO6uT_wpoGA-00100-00077702-00077726 free of charge……thank you or taking something like MOOC which is UO6uT_wpoGA-00101-00077726-00078144 free of charge……thank you UO6uT_wpoGA-00102-00078168-00079028 thank you Dr, indeed i like the entrances of life learning which is continuous all live long UO6uT_wpoGA-00103-00079038-00079576 so by using OER if someone want to learn UO6uT_wpoGA-00104-00079596-00080274 to develop Iphone apps or start a business, like this type of science UO6uT_wpoGA-00105-00080284-00080766 now it's available on the internet, like for example itunes, they have itunes U UO6uT_wpoGA-00106-00080794-00081338 maybe can attend a full course and watch the whole lecture in MIT how to develop an app UO6uT_wpoGA-00107-00081338-00081350 or how he can create a business, indeed it has a great benefit maybe can attend a full course and watch the whole lecture in MIT how to develop an app UO6uT_wpoGA-00108-00081350-00081748 or how he can create a business, indeed it has a great benefit UO6uT_wpoGA-00109-00081774-00082766 i have another question Dr. Fawzi, Due to your experience in Open Education and from your own perspective, what are the best methods or ways UO6uT_wpoGA-00110-00082776-00083082 for an educational institute to start an open education project UO6uT_wpoGA-00111-00083168-00083964 Dr. Fawzi :This is a good question. I can speak about UO6uT_wpoGA-00112-00083972-00084964 about my own experience at Louazie university in Lebanon. I personally participated UO6uT_wpoGA-00113-00084984-00085782 I personally participated with the American State department in the open book project. You know today we have UO6uT_wpoGA-00114-00085794-00086888 between the Arabic university(ALECSO) and the state department an agreement on the subject of open education resources. UO6uT_wpoGA-00115-00086908-00088362 And I had the honor to participate as Lebanon representative in a three weeks workshops in America, alongside with leaders like me from the Arab world who are working on technology ,e-learning and Quality UO6uT_wpoGA-00116-00088374-00089538 For example we had people from Jordan, Egypt, Morocco, Lebanon, Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia. Qatar UO6uT_wpoGA-00117-00089538-00089554 We were about 15 person, it was a good experiment. And this experiment which I lived for three weeks in America. We visited the most important universities and institutes who are working on the subject of OER For example we had people from Jordan, Egypt, Morocco, Lebanon, Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia. Qatar UO6uT_wpoGA-00118-00089554-00091132 We were about 15 person, it was a good experiment. And this experiment which I lived for three weeks in America. We visited the most important universities and institutes who are working on the subject of OER UO6uT_wpoGA-00119-00091142-00092590 This experiment which I lived in America, I am trying for about the last year to work on this subject at Saint Louazie university. More than that we are trying to work on the level of Lebanon UO6uT_wpoGA-00120-00092600-00093490 and not only the university level. Because it is not enough to work only with one university or institute UO6uT_wpoGA-00121-00093500-00095310 And because of this and parallel with what I am doing at Saint Louazie university, we are working on the level of OER Lebanon. And in a very short time we will have a web site with the name of OER Lebanon UO6uT_wpoGA-00122-00095320-00095750 Similarly there are initiatives in Qatar, UO6uT_wpoGA-00123-00095758-00096576 Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman. There are initiatives and Insha'Allah, one day these initiatives will be well connected UO6uT_wpoGA-00124-00096588-00097806 so we will have a hob or a network in the Arab countries they will be connected. And we should not depend solely on America. Ok we will have assistant from America and Europe and from their successful experiences but it is time for us now to support. UO6uT_wpoGA-00125-00097816-00098476 And we have the power and we have the strength and we have the intelligent and we have the knowledge to do this job by ourselves UO6uT_wpoGA-00126-00098496-00099404 Now if I want to speak in general about the best methods to use to start an initiative UO6uT_wpoGA-00127-00099414-00100394 First the most important thing is to have a strategy UO6uT_wpoGA-00128-00100408-00101630 and policies for OER. And it should not be floating UO6uT_wpoGA-00129-00101638-00102200 I mean for example like Fawzi is working as individual and alone UO6uT_wpoGA-00130-00102202-00103576 its so important that there must be a strategy on the institutional level,The other important thing is to have champions in the institutes because UO6uT_wpoGA-00131-00103588-00104480 they will be leading the OER or open education project. they will encourage the institution and their colleagues UO6uT_wpoGA-00132-00104492-00104959 on the OER thing, they will speak about it, and its importance UO6uT_wpoGA-00133-00104982-00107008 The other thing which is most important is student participation. The students should have an essential role in OER. UO6uT_wpoGA-00134-00107020-00107785 And I want to tell you that I am giving presentations to the students at the university. And they are very very happy now. UO6uT_wpoGA-00135-00107800-00109238 They say they did not know about OER before and they thank me for this and they think it is very important for them. The other thing which I am doing at the university UO6uT_wpoGA-00136-00109252-00110322 in parallel with the strategic issue, is the training and training and training. Or workshop and workshop and workshop. UO6uT_wpoGA-00137-00110340-00111309 There should be an awareness campaign. Where we find these OER? UO6uT_wpoGA-00138-00111332-00112388 how to download them from the internet. How would we know if they are of a good quality? And so on….. UO6uT_wpoGA-00139-00112738-00114040 This is in summary and my experience and advice for the people who are watching and listening to us today, on the important methods to deal with this subject UO6uT_wpoGA-00140-00114072-00115976 Miss Naeema : I agree with most of Dr. Fawzi talk . So to adopt an open education policy by an institute, you should guarantee a supportive environment. And for me and from my position at Creative Commons , UO6uT_wpoGA-00141-00115983-00117188 , I would like to inform you that at present we have a drafting for OER policies in two countries, Oman and Bahrain UO6uT_wpoGA-00142-00117204-00118654 Now next week we will have activities for the GCC countries in a seminar UO6uT_wpoGA-00143-00118670-00120090 where we will tell them how the drafting process for the policies was done in "Amman" and Bahrain And feedback on the initiatives UO6uT_wpoGA-00144-00120106-00121220 and how to benefit from their experiences so that we can built the same initiatives like them in the Gulf countries. I wish that we don’t stop here , and the policies UO6uT_wpoGA-00145-00121230-00122266 should also go to other countries like Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan and all of them. UO6uT_wpoGA-00146-00122283-00123761 Also and as Dr. Fawzi said, that this does not depend on one person. It depends on many people to enable an institute to adopt UO6uT_wpoGA-00147-00123774-00125408 this approach for open resources. For example the students or teachers can put their work or their research under the creative commons. And as soon as you license your educational resources, UO6uT_wpoGA-00148-00125422-00126838 or used OER, then you have participated and contributed to OER. Or for example to make a small project. UO6uT_wpoGA-00149-00126850-00128283 For example we have a club in this university. For example in this club may be there are some people who are doing "activism for social good" for the benefit of the society. So they produce videos, UO6uT_wpoGA-00150-00128298-00129224 , photos and presentations . And if they license these work UO6uT_wpoGA-00151-00129409-00130785 with open license, it will benefit and contribute to OER. Of course we have at Creative Commons a complete section UO6uT_wpoGA-00152-00130804-00132162 on OER and the resources .That is Creative Commons.org/education. Anybody who go there can see the projects and case studies UO6uT_wpoGA-00153-00132184-00132766 in the world and In God well we want to add the experiences of the Arab world UO6uT_wpoGA-00154-00132796-00133352 Dr. Fawzi :Excellent thank you Naeema for UO6uT_wpoGA-00156-00137074-00137688 UNESCO and the support of Hewlett Foundation in America who gave the opportunity to have such a conference. The UNESCO are having a big role in this subject UO6uT_wpoGA-00157-00137722-00139964 Mr. Riyadh : I have some questions on the topics you have presented. First Dr. Fawzi when you mentioned that you have your students participating in an initiative at the university. Was that through the awareness about the resources? Or you try to inform the students that books can be down loaded from the internet. Or asking students to evaluate the material? UO6uT_wpoGA-00158-00139978-00141630 Dr. Fawzi : The student issue is very essential because I have a long experience in integrating technology in higher education. I have a very long experience in this subject. UO6uT_wpoGA-00159-00141646-00143216 Today the students we are teaching don’t want to learn like we had in the past. We can’t say this is the way I learned and this the way I want to teach the students. The lecturers cannot continue in this way. UO6uT_wpoGA-00160-00143232-00144948 Why this is very important to the students? Because the subject of OER, we know that today we have copyright issue and the publishers issue and the books issue and the price of books and their costs. Today the costs of books are a big issue UO6uT_wpoGA-00161-00144964-00146230 If you don’t participate the students in this process. Today we have many students in the university. If we start with the students whom we give financial grants so that they can learn. UO6uT_wpoGA-00162-00146230-00146244 Also in addition those students can put some part of the time required from them toward the university. So they can work with the lecturers and doctors as assistants to do research on OER. If you don’t participate the students in this process. Today we have many students in the university. If we start with the students whom we give financial grants so that they can learn. UO6uT_wpoGA-00163-00146244-00147452 Also in addition those students can put some part of the time required from them toward the university. So they can work with the lecturers and doctors as assistants to do research on OER. UO6uT_wpoGA-00164-00147462-00148854 Or if there is an OER conference so the lecturer can ask those students to test it in the class, before the lecturer present it in a class or to mix it and so on UO6uT_wpoGA-00165-00148864-00150048 I want to say that the students are essential, and in this I want to say something like what Miss Naeema said.We have in the university clubs, UO6uT_wpoGA-00166-00150054-00151514 we have many clubs. So we will have very soon a club specialized in OER, creative commons, licensing and such subjects. UO6uT_wpoGA-00167-00151540-00152594 There is a strong enthusiasm, especially for the students because they know about the benefits for them from OER and for the future generation. UO6uT_wpoGA-00168-00152606-00153700 Mr.Riyadh : I have a question for Miss Naeema. When you mentioned the initiatives of Oman and Bahrain, I think it is the UNESCO initiative mentioned by Dr. Fawzi. UO6uT_wpoGA-00169-00153710-00154124 Is this initiative on the university level or on the school level? UO6uT_wpoGA-00170-00154136-00154878 Miss Naeema : This is on the complete policy government level. It covers not only UO6uT_wpoGA-00171-00154890-00155934 the school and university, it even covers how the government itself can open its own data to be accessed by people. UO6uT_wpoGA-00172-00155944-00157178 For example you can use these data to know the percentage of voters. Or to see your water and electricity bills UO6uT_wpoGA-00173-00157186-00158180 It is a policy that includes something greater than universities and educational institutes UO6uT_wpoGA-00174-00158220-00159188 And we can allocate a special talk on policies alone. UO6uT_wpoGA-00175-00159298-00159908 Dr. Fawzi : I want to say that when we talk about OER UO6uT_wpoGA-00176-00159924-00161198 we don’t speak only on university or school levels. I want to say that we must talk about four levels . The first is the government level, a major part UO6uT_wpoGA-00177-00161206-00163396 So if we don’t have a government coverage and involvement and participation from the ministry of education and higher education in Lebanon, all our work now on OER will not last and be enough, in addition we can not generalize to other places, UO6uT_wpoGA-00178-00163406-00164810 For example suppose the schools will stop using textbooks paper textbooks and all the material is OER. However this small initiative must be supported from the government. UO6uT_wpoGA-00179-00164818-00165818 The second level is what I call the institution or I belong to a university so we have involvement on the institute level. UO6uT_wpoGA-00180-00165826-00166714 The third level I am calling it the educators this is the teacher level, who are teaching students, they are responsible for research UO6uT_wpoGA-00181-00166726-00167064 and creating resources or creating OER. UO6uT_wpoGA-00182-00167084-00168590 The fourth level is what I call the learner. So for these four levels we must know what are the benefits and what is required from each level for this OER subject. UO6uT_wpoGA-00183-00168630-00169656 Mr.Riyad : Ok thank you doctor, If an academic institute wants to start an initiative in open education, are there a specific subjects that are easier to start with UO6uT_wpoGA-00184-00169678-00170444 For example is easier to start with science since it is easier than literature. Or if there is a certain subject which is easier for the university to start with? UO6uT_wpoGA-00185-00170498-00172018 Dr. Fawzi : It is not necessary, because if for example we consider a university, we have resources in all areas UO6uT_wpoGA-00186-00172032-00173726 In engineering,, in medicine in all subjects. So if a lecturer wants to teach a subject he can find a huge amount of OER on the internet & quality in all subjects UO6uT_wpoGA-00187-00173748-00175836 However the method which we want to use here at the university, we will start with a pilot, after we finish from giving workshops and the awareness campaign which I am conducting. We will start with general education requirements courses. For example UO6uT_wpoGA-00188-00175860-00177114 For example we have the beginning English course, which is taken by many students. Each semester we have 12 sections or 15 sections , UO6uT_wpoGA-00189-00177134-00178064 and in each section we have about 30 students. And each section is thought by a lecturer. What we want to do is to bring all these lecturers UO6uT_wpoGA-00190-00178084-00180036 and by sharing they will work. Because this job needs participation and sharing and effort. We will have one lecturer who is doing content for this subject under OER, and there will be 5 or 10 lecturers who are collaborating on this subject. So they will divide the topics of the textbook they want to teach among them UO6uT_wpoGA-00191-00180046-00180970 And we will pilot this, so we will have one or two sections using the traditional textbook. UO6uT_wpoGA-00192-00180990-00181476 And we will have other sections using OER UO6uT_wpoGA-00193-00181490-00183062 Then we will produce a report from the data, tests, etc., and then we want to see the differences between these two groups. So this is our method which we will UO6uT_wpoGA-00194-00183080-00183356 use to pilot OER in our university. UO6uT_wpoGA-00195-00183356-00183556 in this way we will use for the piloting in the university UO6uT_wpoGA-00196-00183926-00184928 This truly is a nice answer. So in this pilot are you going to use ready OER from the internet to be used in teaching? UO6uT_wpoGA-00197-00184948-00185436 is there any ready material for English course you will download from internet? UO6uT_wpoGA-00198-00185464-00188352 There will be two types, so the lecturers will use reused content, or ready available contents which will go through a process of evaluation by a group of lecturers. So, we will down load contents from many resources and repositories on the internet, in policy and material in languages, in..in..in..in. UO6uT_wpoGA-00199-00188378-00189498 A second thing the lecturers will use their materials UO6uT_wpoGA-00200-00189498-00189698 , like lectures or tests . We will do this next semester in the university UO6uT_wpoGA-00201-00190358-00190632 we will do it next semester UO6uT_wpoGA-00202-00190632-00190882 Miss Naeema : Honestly I am impressed by the things you are doing At we will do it next semester UO6uT_wpoGA-00203-00190882-00191082 Miss Naeema : Honestly I am impressed by the things you are doing At UO6uT_wpoGA-00204-00191110-00192954 Saint Louazie university in Lebanon. And like to point to a very important subject about the resources that are available on the internet, the educational resources. We have only one set back, which we have to work on, and develop it. UO6uT_wpoGA-00205-00192976-00194326 . This does not apply to countries like the Moroccan and Tunisia countries which has their curriculums in French and English. But for some countries where their educational resources and the curriculum is only in Arabic language. UO6uT_wpoGA-00206-00194342-00195372 And here are the difficulties we are facing. And we are at present at creative commons trying to enrich the Arabic content on the internet UO6uT_wpoGA-00207-00195396-00196938 so later we can obtain from it the educational resources. I mean to create educational resources in Arabic language for the sake of the countries who are not teaching all their curriculum UO6uT_wpoGA-00208-00196938-00196976 in foreign language , to benefit from this. so later we can obtain from it the educational resources. I mean to create educational resources in Arabic language for the sake of the countries who are not teaching all their curriculum UO6uT_wpoGA-00209-00196976-00197470 in foreign language , to benefit from this. UO6uT_wpoGA-00210-00197510-00199680 Mr.Riyad :I just want to add to Naeema remark. I feel that countries where the education is in English language , have it easy, as Dr. said , that educational resources are plenty. However the subjects which are taught in Arabic , like UO6uT_wpoGA-00211-00199712-00200968 Arabic history, it is difficult to find any material. But for computer science, engineering, physics, the resources on the internet are available, UO6uT_wpoGA-00214-00210723-00211673 all what is needed is to have a cover from our government, all what is needed is to create something called community of practice, or knowledge must not be with Fawzi Baroud alone or Riyad or Naeema, we want knowledge UO6uT_wpoGA-00215-00211698-00212940 to share ,I started speaking first on sharing, we need to share, if we create a culture of sharing , every one, then we can connect them all. UO6uT_wpoGA-00216-00212950-00214578 Now we have many initiatives in the Arab world , In Bahrain, in Oman, in Egypt and all over. All is what needed now is that all these initiatives must be linked together so we will have content in Arabic language which will “raise our UO6uT_wpoGA-00217-00214578-00214778 heads” so really we will have a content in Arabic and we don’t depend on the European and foreigners and the Americans UO6uT_wpoGA-00218-00215450-00216556 Riyadh:You have mentioned that people in the Arabic world should start creating Arabic contents. UO6uT_wpoGA-00219-00216586-00218340 However some people ask, instead of loading the content on the internet where it will be freely used, I can sell it and profit of my work. So what are the incentives that motivate institutes or people to load their contents free on the internet? UO6uT_wpoGA-00222-00228830-00231413 Miss Naeema : Even in the publishing houses we have now what is known as hybrid model , like what Dr Baroed said, that the university professor is forced to publish research papers every year, so that he can develop in his work. And usually when you publish in a publication institute UO6uT_wpoGA-00223-00231413-00231443 you have to pay at least 3000 dollars to the publisher. Where the publisher will have copyright on this work and they will sell it. Miss Naeema : Even in the publishing houses we have now what is known as hybrid model , like what Dr Baroed said, that the university professor is forced to publish research papers every year, so that he can develop in his work. And usually when you publish in a publication institute UO6uT_wpoGA-00224-00231443-00232416 you have to pay at least 3000 dollars to the publisher. Where the publisher will have copyright on this work and they will sell it. UO6uT_wpoGA-00225-00232436-00234906 Now there is something new which is known as hybrid model, that is: it is better to publish at the university with higher cost(you pay 4000 instead of 3000). Which the university prefer, since it will prevent publishers from making profit from our work. And the research will be for everybody which is in line with education policies UO6uT_wpoGA-00226-00234926-00236386 ( This part of Miss Naeema talk is in comprehensive) UO6uT_wpoGA-00227-00236410-00237140 ( This part of Miss Naeema talk is in comprehensive) UO6uT_wpoGA-00228-00237186-00239260 Dr. Fawzi :Other thing I want to say about the incentives for the institute, today it is very important for the students that an academic institute must have a reputation. So a student will say that if I go to Saint Louazie university UO6uT_wpoGA-00230-00242360-00242386 I will have personal gain. Because the knowledge which I have and the work which I did is not limited to my students and friends here in the university, while my work can be published in the Arabic world and in the whole world. Other thing is the connection or when the professor and researchers can meet through the work they are doing. The best example on this is what we are doing now. Today the knowledge which I have and instead of paying 1000 to 1500 dollars for educational contents and books to use in my class, however if Saint Louazie can make me pay only 100 dollars instead of 1500 through adopting OER. As for the lecturers, there is reputation, or UO6uT_wpoGA-00232-00246419-00247219 will be limited to my students and the lecturers at the university UO6uT_wpoGA-00233-00247219-00247243 but through what we are doing now my knowledge and work will be published through the whole world. But the last important thing I want to say, is that for a professor or any person we want to leave a good thing for the future generation will be limited to my students and the lecturers at the university UO6uT_wpoGA-00234-00247243-00249019 but through what we are doing now my knowledge and work will be published through the whole world. But the last important thing I want to say, is that for a professor or any person we want to leave a good thing for the future generation UO6uT_wpoGA-00235-00249300-00251350 Riyad : I have another question. If the universities start to put all there educational materials on the internet and the lecturers and video and books are free. So why there will be any motives for anyone to go to the university, if I can obtain all the knowledge through the internet? UO6uT_wpoGA-00237-00258080-00260610 opposite of that if a university has put all its educational resources on the internet and it operate through distance learning, then instead of having for example 10000 students it will have 100000 students. Other important thing, is when you look at the MIT experiment, they are the pioneers in this subject UO6uT_wpoGA-00238-00260610-00260810 and they are telling us that this model, you can use all the material we have, but you don’t have access to the lecturer or communicate with him. However if you want our degree, you must come to us, and we will assess you or test you for the degree you want and if you pass you have to pay UO6uT_wpoGA-00239-00265140-00266026 to get your MIT degree certificate. As you know, now in the labor market, if you go and tell them that you have the knowledge from the internet; it will not help you since the degree is still UO6uT_wpoGA-00240-00266060-00267740 important. Other thing we say quality and reputation, why we say quality and reputation is important. If you tell somebody that I have obtained my degree through distant learning. UO6uT_wpoGA-00241-00267776-00270546 But somebody will say that I don’t approve this degree, why? because of a poor quality and reputation and not up to the standard. I want to say there is a consortium in Europe and America, 100s of universities joined this consortium that is OER. UO6uT_wpoGA-00242-00270546-00270570 So we have no problem. The problem which I see, is later, when you see the P2P university. And if this P2P university starts giving degrees in the future for free and if they have good quality and reputation But somebody will say that I don’t approve this degree, why? because of a poor quality and reputation and not up to the standard. I want to say there is a consortium in Europe and America, 100s of universities joined this consortium that is OER. UO6uT_wpoGA-00244-00273673-00273710 then there will be a threat to other traditional universities and they will start thinking about their sustainability. I hope I have explained the idea So we have no problem. The problem which I see, is later, when you see the P2P university. And if this P2P university starts giving degrees in the future for free and if they have good quality and reputation UO6uT_wpoGA-00245-00273710-00275186 then there will be a threat to other traditional universities and they will start thinking about their sustainability. I hope I have explained the idea UO6uT_wpoGA-00246-00276356-00277356 Riyad :I agree with the doctor, and like to add from my point of view that, the university experience is not only educational contents, although it is important, however the experience of going to the university and discuss and interact with the professors and have interaction with others and do group projects, so it’s the complete university experience which is the main reason why people go to a university. UO6uT_wpoGA-00247-00277356-00277883 Miss Naeema :Now there is a subject I want to add, that for example now Riyad is in the university campus in London and Dr, Fawzi is in the university, I am in the office in Istanbul. We are talking from our ivory towers. But if you come to the real life, there are people who could not afford to pay tuition. Other people can pay tuition however the quality of education in its region is not so good. Not all countries are like Lebanon. Riyad :I agree with the doctor, and like to add from my point of view that, the university experience is not only educational contents, although it is important, however the experience of going to the university and discuss and interact with the professors and have interaction with others and do group projects, so it’s the complete university experience which is the main reason why people go to a university. UO6uT_wpoGA-00248-00277883-00280483 Miss Naeema :Now there is a subject I want to add, that for example now Riyad is in the university campus in London and Dr, Fawzi is in the university, I am in the office in Istanbul. We are talking from our ivory towers. But if you come to the real life, there are people who could not afford to pay tuition. Other people can pay tuition however the quality of education in its region is not so good. Not all countries are like Lebanon. UO6uT_wpoGA-00250-00283723-00285493 I mean there are things we still are not aware of it, we have tragedies, people who are in Gaza. There are people who do not have any way to reach OER except through the internet to build a better future UO6uT_wpoGA-00251-00285636-00288236 Dr. Fwazi :However the future is promising if god will. Mr.Riyad : Are there any specific or specialized OER sites that you can recommend for the students for OER UO6uT_wpoGA-00254-00299383-00300493 The Hewlett foundation and the UNESCO. There are many sites but of not a high quality UO6uT_wpoGA-00256-00305636-00305670 We are working me and Riyad to collect all these sites and put them on the creative common site so any one who want a resource from an Arabic country can access it there. I want to promise you that in 4 months this site will be ready and will have all the resources Miss Naeema : I want to emphasize the Arabic sites because they are the pioneers. So the site in Lebanon which Dr. Baroad talked about. There is Almasdar in Jordan and Rewaq Qatar digital library UO6uT_wpoGA-00258-00309363-00310963 And I hope to do a case study on Dr. Fawzi work and on his success story on OER UO6uT_wpoGA-00259-00310963-00311163 Dr.Fawzi :We are completely ready UP1exA-VRaU-00000-00000003-00000431 Hi. In the last few videos, we looked at a very simplified version of back UP1exA-VRaU-00001-00000431-00000873 propagation. We looked at the basic properties of neural networks, and we are UP1exA-VRaU-00002-00000873-00001299 now going to look at what kind of inputs neural networks need, and what kind of UP1exA-VRaU-00003-00001299-00001835 output can they give us. As you will see, they are very flexible algorithms and UP1exA-VRaU-00004-00001835-00002601 this is going to help us in a variety of NLP tasks. So as a summary of what we'll UP1exA-VRaU-00005-00002601-00002946 be talking about in this video, neural networks and in general deep UP1exA-VRaU-00006-00002946-00003615 learning models take vectors or sequences of vectors as their input. UP1exA-VRaU-00007-00003615-00004191 These have numbers in them, of course. Neural networks and deep learning models UP1exA-VRaU-00008-00004191-00004761 are language models in that they have some knowledge about the relationships UP1exA-VRaU-00009-00004761-00005244 between words, and therefore some knowledge about human language, for UP1exA-VRaU-00010-00005244-00005657 example our n-grams for language models because they knew a little bit of - if you UP1exA-VRaU-00011-00005657-00006278 have one word, the next word is coming up, such a word is coming up. Neural networks UP1exA-VRaU-00012-00006278-00006738 can replicate these properties, and as a matter of fact, can do this even like UP1exA-VRaU-00013-00006738-00007268 much better than the n-grams. Neural networks produce outputs that can be UP1exA-VRaU-00014-00007268-00007767 classification, for example tell you if a spectrogram is the sound ee or the sound UP1exA-VRaU-00015-00007767-00008463 ih. They can also give you word vectors, embeddings for example, or they can give - UP1exA-VRaU-00016-00008463-00009161 tell you, oh you - the word you want is this one. This - this makes it so that UP1exA-VRaU-00017-00009161-00009686 they're very flexible, because they can give us the word that comes next in a UP1exA-VRaU-00018-00009686-00010224 sentence. They can give us the word that we are looking for in Wikipedia, they can UP1exA-VRaU-00019-00010224-00010803 give us the word in a second language, we give the word in English, and we get the UP1exA-VRaU-00020-00010803-00011465 word in some other language, for example. They're very flexible algorithms, so UP1exA-VRaU-00021-00011465-00011921 let's look very quickly at what kind of input they need. We can provide it in UP1exA-VRaU-00022-00011921-00012570 several ways. One of them is to do encoding. In week 5, we looked at a kind UP1exA-VRaU-00023-00012570-00013126 of encoding, called ordinal encoding, where we gave each word a number. UP1exA-VRaU-00024-00013126-00013709 For example, hello might be word number zero, world might be worth number one, I'm UP1exA-VRaU-00025-00013709-00014347 might be word number two, and then a sentence like Hello world would be UP1exA-VRaU-00026-00014347-00014833 represented by a vector with two elements, the element zero and the UP1exA-VRaU-00027-00014833-00015456 element 1. So you can see that if our vocabulary had 10,000 words, and hello UP1exA-VRaU-00028-00015456-00015981 was the word 5000 at this one this one's the word 6000, then the vector will be UP1exA-VRaU-00029-00015981-00016704 5000 6000. If you had a large vocabulary so it is just exchanging the word for a UP1exA-VRaU-00030-00016704-00017460 number, this is what we did in week 5 with ordinal encoding. There's other UP1exA-VRaU-00031-00017460-00018151 types of encoding. For example, one hot encoding, is slightly different. Let's say, UP1exA-VRaU-00032-00018151-00018766 you have a vocabulary of five words, only five words in your language. Hello world UP1exA-VRaU-00033-00018766-00019359 I'm using Python. If you have a vocabulary of five words, then you could represent UP1exA-VRaU-00034-00019359-00019984 any word with a five element vector. And you could dedicate the zeroth element of UP1exA-VRaU-00035-00019984-00020463 that - of that vector to the word hello. So if you have a one on the zeroth element, UP1exA-VRaU-00036-00020463-00021048 this means that the word is hello, and if you have the wo - the zero in the zeroth UP1exA-VRaU-00037-00021048-00021420 element, it means that is anything else. UP1exA-VRaU-00038-00021438-00021997 If in the second element, the element index one, the second element of the UP1exA-VRaU-00039-00021997-00022479 vector, you could dedicate that to the word world. See, we have a 1 there, and UP1exA-VRaU-00040-00022479-00022915 zero in all the other positions. It could mean that you're talking about the world, UP1exA-VRaU-00041-00022915-00023647 the world, the word world, and not the other words. For example, in the last UP1exA-VRaU-00042-00023647-00023947 one, if you're talking about the word Python, we could dedicate the fifth UP1exA-VRaU-00043-00023947-00024373 position to the word Python, so that you have one there, and zero in all other UP1exA-VRaU-00044-00024373-00024981 positions. This is called one hot encoding. The same sentence hello world, UP1exA-VRaU-00045-00024981-00025569 would be represented by a sequence of factors. The first one of these would be UP1exA-VRaU-00046-00025569-00026178 one zero zero zero zero for hello, and then a second one zero one zero zero UP1exA-VRaU-00047-00026178-00026542 zero for world. Why one in the second position? Because UP1exA-VRaU-00048-00026542-00027199 this position we have dedicated to world. This is one hot encoding. And again, if UP1exA-VRaU-00049-00027199-00027670 you have a vocabulary of 20,000 words, you would just have a vector of 20,000 UP1exA-VRaU-00050-00027670-00028264 fields, and you would have a one for some for a word, and the zero and every other UP1exA-VRaU-00051-00028264-00029208 position. A variant of these is called logit encoding. This is a form you will UP1exA-VRaU-00052-00029208-00029727 actually bump into later in the class. This is very similar to the one hot UP1exA-VRaU-00053-00029727-00030331 encoding but the numbers are not zeros and ones, they are - they can be, for UP1exA-VRaU-00054-00030331-00031248 example, 0.8 and 0.5. If you only have hello world, so the larger value 0.8 is UP1exA-VRaU-00055-00031248-00031738 the word - word we're trying to represent, and the lower values are words UP1exA-VRaU-00056-00031738-00032266 that could have been possible, but are not really the ones we're looking for. So UP1exA-VRaU-00057-00032266-00032872 in this example, the word hello could be represented by the vector 0.8 0.5, UP1exA-VRaU-00058-00032872-00033547 because 0.8 is the one that has the maximum number in it. This is a UP1exA-VRaU-00059-00033547-00034030 particular type of vector called the logit, that's gone through a softmax UP1exA-VRaU-00060-00034030-00034519 function. A softmax makes it so that all the internal UP1exA-VRaU-00061-00034519-00035116 elements add up to 1, and so this makes it similar to probabilities because in UP1exA-VRaU-00062-00035116-00035608 probability, everything needs to add up to 1. So what this the softma - UP1exA-VRaU-00063-00035608-00036151 softmax example is telling you, is that there is a, for example, a 61% probability UP1exA-VRaU-00064-00036151-00036502 that the word you're looking for is hello, and a 38 percent probability that UP1exA-VRaU-00065-00036502-00036919 the word you're looking for is world. So this would tell you that hello is UP1exA-VRaU-00066-00036919-00037453 probably the world - the word you're looking for. This is one way that you can UP1exA-VRaU-00067-00037453-00037912 provide input to a neural network, by having some vector that represents words UP1exA-VRaU-00068-00037912-00038446 even by - either by switching them with a number or by dedicating a position of UP1exA-VRaU-00069-00038446-00038983 the vector to the word. And you can represent that position with a 1 a 0, or UP1exA-VRaU-00070-00038983-00039583 a probability. This would be encoding. You can also UP1exA-VRaU-00071-00039583-00040072 provide embeddings, and we've already studied these. Word2vec is a kind of UP1exA-VRaU-00072-00040072-00040648 word - of embedding. You have a word, and then you represent the word by weighing UP1exA-VRaU-00073-00040648-00041200 two hundred features about its neighbors. If - is the word King a neighbor of the UP1exA-VRaU-00074-00041200-00041962 word kingdom, of the word man, of the word royalty, and so forth. Is the word woman a UP1exA-VRaU-00075-00041962-00042631 neighbor of the word kingdom, man, and so forth. So by representing these UP1exA-VRaU-00076-00042631-00043228 neighboring words in vectors, we get that word2vec vectors, and many neural UP1exA-VRaU-00077-00043228-00043750 networks can use these embeddings as inputs because they're very rich or UP1exA-VRaU-00078-00043750-00044383 they're a very rich way to represent each word. We could also take UP1exA-VRaU-00079-00044383-00045016 spectrographic data, as we saw in one of our previous videos. If we have a sound UP1exA-VRaU-00080-00045016-00045655 wave, we can extract a lot of features from it. For example, the frequencies with UP1exA-VRaU-00081-00045655-00046389 the highest energy, the volume or intensity, the pitch of your voice, and UP1exA-VRaU-00082-00046389-00047062 you could use these energy values as input to your neural network to, for UP1exA-VRaU-00083-00047062-00047583 example, classify a sound. Let's say you have the formants, the - the energy UP1exA-VRaU-00084-00047583-00048031 frequen - the frequencies and their energy for a certain sound, and the UP1exA-VRaU-00085-00048031-00048691 neural network will give you what sound it is as the output, for example, ah. This UP1exA-VRaU-00086-00048691-00049300 is one way that you can provide data to a neural network. Another way for example UP1exA-VRaU-00087-00049300-00049816 we to use video data. If you have sign language, for example, maybe what you have UP1exA-VRaU-00088-00049816-00050401 is the pixels of a picture. So if you have pixels. you could represent each UP1exA-VRaU-00089-00050401-00051034 point by its numerical value in some color scale. For example you could reduce UP1exA-VRaU-00090-00051034-00051700 it to grayscale, and this would return you a matrix of values where higher UP1exA-VRaU-00091-00051700-00052497 values like 255 are associated to the color white and lower values like 0 are UP1exA-VRaU-00092-00052497-00052952 associated to the color black. So as you can see, this matrix is a numerical UP1exA-VRaU-00093-00052952-00053685 representation of this grayscale picture, and if you have a color picture for UP1exA-VRaU-00094-00053685-00054176 example it would just be 3 matrices, one for the red one, for the RGB, one for the UP1exA-VRaU-00095-00054176-00054941 green one for the blue one. Yes, a color image would be the same, but in 3 - UP1exA-VRaU-00096-00054941-00055791 with 3 different matrices. Another way that you could provide input as video UP1exA-VRaU-00097-00055791-00056333 would be by using a depth scanner, or a three dimensional scanner, for example, a UP1exA-VRaU-00098-00056333-00056813 Microsoft Kinect that comes with game consoles, these types of scanners can UP1exA-VRaU-00099-00056813-00057261 detect features on your face, for example so they could detect your eyebrows, your UP1exA-VRaU-00100-00057261-00057875 eyes, your mouth, and then they will give you very rich information about which UP1exA-VRaU-00101-00057875-00058442 parts of your body are moving, the depth at which they are moving, and we could UP1exA-VRaU-00102-00058442-00059005 use this kind of input to a neural network to, for example, translate from UP1exA-VRaU-00103-00059005-00059618 ASL into English. This is one way that we could use language for the neural UP1exA-VRaU-00104-00059618-00060392 network. So, so far we have the inputs. In the next video, we're going to talk about UP1exA-VRaU-00105-00060392-00060923 some possible outputs for a neural network. URAwwt9zEDM-00000-00000680-00001160 assalamualaikum hello guys welcome to Zaraku Raku, with me zara from indonesia URAwwt9zEDM-00001-00001248-00001888 so hello guys welcome to my channel so in this video i want to react to the military comparison URAwwt9zEDM-00002-00001888-00002584 between turkey and indonesia my country so i want to remind you guys that this video is just for URAwwt9zEDM-00003-00002584-00004384 education to increase our knowledge about world military alright let's start to react alright URAwwt9zEDM-00004-00004840-00004890 um URAwwt9zEDM-00005-00005432-00005928 capital of turkey is ankara and capital of indonesia is jakarta URAwwt9zEDM-00006-00006152-00007184 okay the populations and active personnel URAwwt9zEDM-00007-00007464-00008584 okay URAwwt9zEDM-00008-00013232-00013400 tanker aircraft URAwwt9zEDM-00009-00013728-00014184 uav URAwwt9zEDM-00010-00015912-00016984 okay URAwwt9zEDM-00011-00021832-00022312 wow okay guys that is the military power comparison between turkey and indonesia URAwwt9zEDM-00012-00022312-00022800 i think the differences between turkey and indonesia and this military comparison is turkey URAwwt9zEDM-00013-00022800-00023592 have so many military funds and i think it's so modern than the indonesia but in the population URAwwt9zEDM-00014-00023592-00024208 indonesia has more military personnel than turkey but the turkish military weapons are more URAwwt9zEDM-00015-00024208-00024712 complete and more sophisticated than the indonesia alright guys thanks for watching URAwwt9zEDM-00016-00024712-00025384 my video but don't forget to like comment and also subscribe okay see you in the next video USy9Fa6GUrc-00002-00024498-00024608 hello USy9Fa6GUrc-00006-00024758-00024948 where were you queen of university USy9Fa6GUrc-00008-00024998-00025198 king of university is asking about you USy9Fa6GUrc-00009-00025198-00025300 what you mean USy9Fa6GUrc-00010-00025300-00025538 anwarkhan is asking about you USy9Fa6GUrc-00011-00025538-00025836 about me ?? do not tell lying USy9Fa6GUrc-00012-00025882-00026082 i am not lying USy9Fa6GUrc-00013-00026374-00026574 do not joke to me USy9Fa6GUrc-00014-00026852-00027052 i know my status USy9Fa6GUrc-00015-00027052-00027236 you do not know your status USy9Fa6GUrc-00016-00027608-00028054 he will busy with the people of his status USy9Fa6GUrc-00017-00028054-00028389 why will he asking about me. it is impossible USy9Fa6GUrc-00019-00028482-00029114 its true. after he met you he has asked me several times about you. USy9Fa6GUrc-00020-00029139-00029339 may be . he ask as courtesy USy9Fa6GUrc-00021-00029686-00030230 you are unbleavable. you are stupid person .you are ediot USy9Fa6GUrc-00023-00030720-00031060 this is my decision and you have to follow it USy9Fa6GUrc-00025-00031138-00031210 khan g . . USy9Fa6GUrc-00026-00031272-00031414 donot enterfare my words USy9Fa6GUrc-00027-00031614-00031814 listen.this is my decision and you have to follow .. USy9Fa6GUrc-00028-00033146-00033382 i will never obay USy9Fa6GUrc-00029-00033466-00033674 we will not obay USy9Fa6GUrc-00030-00037734-00037934 what are you thinking about USy9Fa6GUrc-00031-00037992-00038280 khan of villege treats as he is our God USy9Fa6GUrc-00032-00038366-00038566 what hapend USy9Fa6GUrc-00033-00038646-00039094 habbullah khan orders that you have to follow my words. USy9Fa6GUrc-00034-00039152-00039218 why .. USy9Fa6GUrc-00035-00039286-00039350 this is an order USy9Fa6GUrc-00036-00039408-00039608 why would obeyed his orders USy9Fa6GUrc-00037-00039826-00040134 this is the mentility of khan that everyone should obey his orders USy9Fa6GUrc-00038-00041570-00041770 i have refused to obey USy9Fa6GUrc-00039-00042128-00042322 you are right USy9Fa6GUrc-00040-00046506-00046706 i can drop you to bus stop USy9Fa6GUrc-00041-00046880-00047054 its good but she will not ride UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00000-00000003-00000863 I've got a bunch of ideas that I want to slowly, incrementally build, but first thing I'm UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00001-00000864-00001379 gonna do is just take a step back and make a list of all the things that are UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00002-00001380-00001973 rattling around. I usually use like a note app on my phone. Whenever I'm UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00003-00001973-00002276 walking around or interacting with somebody and I think of something, I'll UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00004-00002276-00002894 just quickly add that idea to my phone so I can continue whatever. Most of these UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00005-00002894-00003486 ideas are like throwaway jokes, but I think that working on something like UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00006-00003486-00004021 this might actually find something either useful, or interesting, or it might UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00007-00004021-00004368 require some particular skill that I don't have, so they're great UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00008-00004368-00005046 opportunities to learn something new. So, first: autogen Karaoke videos. I UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00009-00005046-00005660 thought maybe it'd be funny if you could take any video on YouTube, download it, UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00010-00005660-00006291 listen to the audio, generate some lyrics for that video, whether it's a UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00011-00006291-00006726 song or even just any video, and then do one of those little bouncing ball kind UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00012-00006726-00007470 of karaoke text overlays, and then do that for any video. Calendar for vague UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00013-00007470-00007902 appointments: sort of like you know: I know I have to have a meeting UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00014-00007902-00008235 with somebody sometime this afternoon but I don't know when it's gonna start. I UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00015-00008235-00008661 should be able to add that to my calendar without choosing a specific UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00016-00008661-00009339 point in time. A To Do list encouraging "why?". Sometimes I'll have a list UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00017-00009339-00009740 of things to do but it might be a better use of my time to take a step back and UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00018-00009740-00010149 think 'Why am I doing this?', 'For what purpose?', and I want to build some like a UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00019-00010149-00010664 tree that can help me figure that out. Battleship solitaire puzzle generator: I UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00020-00010664-00010899 don't know if you've played Battleship solitaire, but I'd like to be out UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00021-00010899-00011574 generating some of those for myself. Pair programming Chatroulette: okay, so, imagine UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00022-00011574-00012261 Chatroulette but instead of seeing other people's private parts, you instead UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00023-00012261-00012881 get to pair with them for any amount of time to do some pair programming. Either UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00024-00012881-00013331 on your project or their project. The idea is: if you get bored, you just skip UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00025-00013331-00013800 to the next person. Google Assistant agent for building a D&D character: I'd UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00026-00013800-00014315 really like I like the process of building a D&D character, and it'd be cool if UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00027-00014315-00014879 you can have sort of a natural language AI to help you go through that process, UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00028-00014879-00015429 because it is quite like just building through a recipe. VR sculpting tool: I UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00029-00015429-00015687 think there are already lots of things like this but I think it might be a cool UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00030-00015687-00016275 way to learn how to deal with 3D models and VR stuff. Precise number: UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00031-00016275-00017015 lazily apply calculations. You have situations where you might apply a UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00032-00017015-00017562 number of mathematical operations to a number and it might lose precision over UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00033-00017562-00018237 time. I have an idea to have a number representation in a system, which UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00034-00018237-00018618 actually just, like, collects all those transformations, and only when you need UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00035-00018618-00018954 to see what the number the result is does it actually apply it. So it UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00036-00018964-00019786 minimizes the loss of information. Context-aware development HUD: something UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00037-00019786-00020288 like a side screen that can show you information: your test data, or UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00038-00020288-00020834 performance data, or tasks to do, things like that. Public statement wiki for UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00039-00020834-00021512 politicians: the general idea is that you have some kind of scraper that tracks a UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00040-00021512-00021984 particular politician and just tries to collect all the public statements they UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00041-00021984-00022766 make, whether it's video or audio or newspapers or their own websites. A robot UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00042-00022766-00023132 which moves only when people are not watching: this is a pretty creepy idea UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00043-00023132-00023493 but I thought it's funny and some of my friends think it's funny too the idea UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00044-00023493-00024041 that the robot is aware of who's watching it, and it can only move around UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00045-00024041-00024684 the room when nobody's looking at it. MS Paint traffic intersection designer UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00046-00024684-00025400 game: sort of thinking like you could use an MS Paint-style interface to draw a UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00047-00025400-00026157 traffic intersection and then you'd have like a simulation of little cars UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00048-00026157-00026558 driving on the intersection, and you might have a goal of trying to get X UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00049-00026558-00027052 number of cars to either merge onto a highway or get UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00050-00027052-00027516 through the intersection without crashing. Supermarket checkout customer UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00051-00027516-00027925 ETA predictor: So I was thinking you have supermarkets which already have like a UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00052-00027925-00028633 bunch of sort of CCTV cameras, security cameras inside, particularly to catch UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00053-00028633-00029077 people trying to shoplift, but maybe you could use the video on UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00054-00029077-00029530 those cameras to see where the customers are and predict when they might go to UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00055-00029530-00030358 the checkout, so that the staffing of the checkouts could be maximized to... you know UUIZ_t9dXEQ-00056-00030358-00030764 you only staff people there when all the people are arriving. UVPuOpSibh8-00000-00001144-00001576 Hi everyone! I'm Sarah and this is BudgetSew where we create stylish, UVPuOpSibh8-00001-00001576-00002248 fashionable looks as inexpensively as possible. Today we're doing the sewalong to McCall's 7869. UVPuOpSibh8-00002-00002304-00002736 This pattern is a pullover top with length, sleeve, and fabric variations. UVPuOpSibh8-00003-00002736-00003464 View A and B have flounces. View C has a contrast yoke and view D has purchased piping. Now I didn't UVPuOpSibh8-00004-00003464-00004104 pick a specific view for this pattern. I did a mix up of two views. I chose view A with the flounce UVPuOpSibh8-00005-00004104-00004760 at the front of the yoke only but with view C's sleeves and lower band. This is the second UVPuOpSibh8-00006-00004760-00005264 item that I've made up as part of my new casual clothing wardrobe. Instead of making clothing UVPuOpSibh8-00007-00005264-00005832 for my office job which is what I usually do, I decided to make some casual clothes for after work UVPuOpSibh8-00008-00005832-00006304 and for perhaps some future travel plans. It's just something new and different for me to make. UVPuOpSibh8-00009-00006400-00006848 This pattern was originally published in 2018 but I bought it on sale this year off the UVPuOpSibh8-00010-00006848-00007400 McCall's pattern website. It was an out of print pattern but it was still included in the sale. UVPuOpSibh8-00011-00007400-00008072 The original price of this pattern was $19.99 American but its sale price was $3.99 and I had UVPuOpSibh8-00012-00008072-00008728 a 10% off coupon code from ordering from their website previously so I paid $3.59. UVPuOpSibh8-00013-00008784-00009168 The link to the video where I purchased the pattern is right here at the top of the screen. UVPuOpSibh8-00014-00009384-00009864 I chose to make this pattern up in a size 16 based on the measurements on the pattern envelope but I UVPuOpSibh8-00015-00009864-00010344 ended up making it too big. I didn't look at the pattern pieces to see how much ease there was in UVPuOpSibh8-00016-00010344-00010952 the pattern so based on those measurements I could have made a size 14 or even possibly a size 12. UVPuOpSibh8-00017-00011008-00011440 Size 16 has always been my go-to size but I'm finding with the newer patterns UVPuOpSibh8-00018-00011440-00012032 that they're turning out to be too big for me. I'm definitely a vintage size 16 with a 38 bust UVPuOpSibh8-00019-00012032-00012680 but not in the modern sizing. This top comes with 10 pattern pieces but the top that I UVPuOpSibh8-00020-00012680-00013280 made up uses only nine. It uses pieces one through seven as well as pieces nine and ten. UVPuOpSibh8-00021-00013280-00013904 There's a front, back, front and back flounce, yoke front, yoke back, neck band, sleeve, UVPuOpSibh8-00022-00013904-00014456 sleeve band, and lower band. The pattern envelope indicates that the top should be made out of UVPuOpSibh8-00023-00014456-00015008 moderate stretch knits only such as sweater knits, velvet knits, interlock, sweatshirt fleece, and UVPuOpSibh8-00024-00015008-00015496 that the contrast should be made out of stretch lace, or stretch sequin. The fabric that I chose UVPuOpSibh8-00025-00015496-00016016 is a textured knit that I purchased at the Len's Mill store in London, Ontario as part of their 40% UVPuOpSibh8-00026-00016016-00016736 off remnant sale. I purchased two pieces of fabric approximately 60 inches wide by 0.944 yards long. UVPuOpSibh8-00027-00016824-00017504 Each piece was the exact same size. It was $6.99 a yard originally but I got them for the great UVPuOpSibh8-00028-00017504-00018080 price of $3.96 each. The link to the video where I purchased this fabric is right here UVPuOpSibh8-00029-00018080-00018600 at the top of the screen. In addition to that fabric I used contrasting knit fabric that I UVPuOpSibh8-00030-00018600-00019264 purchased from Value Village for $4.99. I used the majority of that fabric for vintage pattern make UVPuOpSibh8-00031-00019264-00019856 Simplicity 6260. The link to the video of that dress is right here at the top of the screen. UVPuOpSibh8-00032-00019944-00020536 After making that dress all that was left over was a remnant of less than one yard. Even though UVPuOpSibh8-00033-00020536-00020944 I had very little fabric to work with, it was the perfect amount for the neck band, UVPuOpSibh8-00034-00020944-00021336 front flounce, and sleeve bands. This is how I laid out my pattern pieces. UVPuOpSibh8-00035-00021496-00022080 I used one full piece of fabric for the front, back, yoke front, yoke back, lower band, UVPuOpSibh8-00036-00022080-00022632 and another piece for the sleeves of this top as well as the sleeves for Butterick 4403. UVPuOpSibh8-00037-00022632-00023064 If you would like to see the sewalong for Butterick 4403, the link is at the top of UVPuOpSibh8-00038-00023064-00023624 the screen. My first step was to reinforce the inner corner of where the yoke joins the front, UVPuOpSibh8-00039-00023624-00024224 pivoting at the large circle. Then you stitch the side edges on the front between the notches. UVPuOpSibh8-00040-00024288-00024776 My next step was to reinforce the inner corner of the back. I pivoted at the large circle. UVPuOpSibh8-00041-00024928-00025440 Next I pinned the front to the back at the shoulder seams, matching up the notches. These UVPuOpSibh8-00042-00025440-00026072 seams will be doublestitched. A doublestitched seam is like a plain seam but a second plain seam UVPuOpSibh8-00043-00026072-00026608 is sewn between the first and the raw edges of the seam allowance in order to provide a stronger seam UVPuOpSibh8-00044-00026608-00027112 for the fabrics being sewn together. You'll see in the ssewalong that I don't follow the exact UVPuOpSibh8-00045-00027112-00027704 order of the pattern instructions. Maybe I'm a bit impatient but I like to get as much pinned before UVPuOpSibh8-00046-00027704-00028312 sitting down at the sewing machine. Next I pinned the front flounce sections together at the center UVPuOpSibh8-00047-00028312-00028936 ending at the large circle. My version of this pattern includes the front flounce only UVPuOpSibh8-00048-00028936-00029527 so I won't be adding the back flounce. I decided against the back flounce on this top because UVPuOpSibh8-00049-00029527-00029992 if I wanted to squeeze in a nap while wearing the shirt then I wouldn't be laying on the back UVPuOpSibh8-00050-00029992-00030544 flounce making myself uncomfortable. I could grab 40 winks and no one would be the wiser. UVPuOpSibh8-00051-00030720-00031080 Then I pinned the front yoke to the back yoke at the shoulder, UVPuOpSibh8-00052-00031080-00031464 matching up the notches. These seams will be double stitched. UVPuOpSibh8-00053-00032272-00032632 Then I folded the sleeves in half with the right sides together UVPuOpSibh8-00054-00032632-00033240 and pinned the seam. Make sure to line up the notches. Notches are the single, UVPuOpSibh8-00055-00033240-00033600 double, or triple triangles that are on the cutting lines of the patterns UVPuOpSibh8-00056-00033600-00034056 and are used for matching up seams and construction details. You'll see here UVPuOpSibh8-00057-00034056-00034568 that I cut my notches outward and I wasn't aware until recently that some sewers cut their notches UVPuOpSibh8-00058-00034568-00035200 inward into the pattern. I've always cut my notches outward because I learned to sew with 1970 UVPuOpSibh8-00059-00035200-00035664 simplicity patterns and the big blue notches always stuck out from the edge of the pattern. UVPuOpSibh8-00060-00036296-00036584 The sleeve seams will be double stitched. UVPuOpSibh8-00061-00037096-00037984 Next I pinned the ends of the neckband together matching up the notches. UVPuOpSibh8-00062-00038288-00038760 Then I pinned the two lower bands right sides together at the side seams, matching UVPuOpSibh8-00063-00038760-00039336 up the notches. You'll notice here that I didn't have quite enough fabric for two pieces so the UVPuOpSibh8-00064-00039336-00040784 back lower band is actually three pieces but it won't be noticeable when it's all sewn together. UVPuOpSibh8-00065-00041696-00042056 This next part isn't part of the instructions but I pinned down the UVPuOpSibh8-00066-00042056-00042552 extra seam in the back of the lower band to be topstitched on each side of the seam. UVPuOpSibh8-00067-00042624-00043088 This will allow the back band to lie flatter. My next step was to UVPuOpSibh8-00068-00043088-00043584 pin the ends of the sleeve bands right sides together matching up the notches. UVPuOpSibh8-00069-00045024-00045552 Now over to the sewing machine. First I sewed the ends of the sleeve bands together, UVPuOpSibh8-00070-00045552-00045832 removing the pins before the sewing machine needle UVPuOpSibh8-00071-00045888-00046384 when sewing. Stretch the fabric evenly in front and behind of the needle while stitching. UVPuOpSibh8-00072-00048488-00049112 Then I sewed the lower band together at the side seams, gently stretching the fabric as I sewed. I UVPuOpSibh8-00073-00049112-00049664 used a ballpoint needle when sewing knits because the rounded tip allows the needle to pass between UVPuOpSibh8-00074-00049664-00050264 the threads by separating them. Using a regular point needle on knit fabric will result in skipped UVPuOpSibh8-00075-00050264-00050816 stitches and fabric damage. Ballpoint needles are also called jersey needles and come in a UVPuOpSibh8-00076-00050816-00051400 variety of sizes. Use a smaller needle for finer knits and a larger needle for heavier fabrics. UVPuOpSibh8-00077-00051696-00052079 here's where I topstitched the extra seam at the back of the lower band. UVPuOpSibh8-00078-00052200-00052640 Topstitching is a sewing technique where the line of stitching is designed to be seen from UVPuOpSibh8-00079-00052640-00053264 the outside of the garment, either decorative or functional. Topstitching is used most often on UVPuOpSibh8-00080-00053264-00053824 garment edges such as necklines and hems, where it helps facing stay in place and gives a crisp edge. UVPuOpSibh8-00081-00053920-00055191 I'm top stitching this seam so that it lies flatter. Next I sewed the neck band edges UVPuOpSibh8-00082-00055191-00056184 together. UVPuOpSibh8-00083-00056840-00057304 I sewed the first sleeve together where I had pinned. I always try to remove the pins so I UVPuOpSibh8-00084-00057304-00057824 don't sew over them. I know it doesn't sound like a big deal to sew over your pins but UVPuOpSibh8-00085-00057824-00058384 it actually does a lot of damage to your sewing machine. If you continuously run over the pins, UVPuOpSibh8-00086-00058384-00058808 you'll need to take your sewing machine to a repair shop for a realignment which then UVPuOpSibh8-00087-00058808-00059376 increases your maintenance costs. Another great reason to remove the pins just before sewing is UVPuOpSibh8-00088-00059376-00060384 because it reduces the needle and thread breakage. Next I double stitch the sleeve seam. UVPuOpSibh8-00089-00061000-00061608 Once the first sleeve was sewn, then I sewed the second one. Be sure to line up the notches for UVPuOpSibh8-00090-00061608-00062072 the best fit. They're there to make sure everything lines up and fits correctly. UVPuOpSibh8-00091-00063055-00064584 After the first seam was sewn, then I double stitched the seam. UVPuOpSibh8-00092-00065288-00065984 My next step was to stitch the front yoke facing to the back neck facing at the shoulder seams. UVPuOpSibh8-00093-00066136-00066528 Once the shoulder seam was stitched, then I doublestitched the seam for strength. UVPuOpSibh8-00094-00066584-00066832 I like that this pattern recommended doublestitching. UVPuOpSibh8-00095-00066888-00067416 I don't know about you but sometimes I'm a bit rough with my knit shirts and sometimes I pull UVPuOpSibh8-00096-00067416-00067856 a bit too hard on one area of the shirt and then I hear that dreaded thread breaking sound. UVPuOpSibh8-00097-00067920-00068456 Doublestitching the seam ensures that this breakage does not happen. Then I sewed the UVPuOpSibh8-00098-00068456-00068992 other shoulder seam of the front yoke to the back yoke. This seam was also double stitched. UVPuOpSibh8-00099-00069792-00070360 Then I sewed the two front flounce sections together at the center. Do not sew from edge UVPuOpSibh8-00100-00070360-00071584 to edge. Remember to stop at the large circle. I marked my circle with thread. UVPuOpSibh8-00101-00072032-00072584 My next step was to stitch the shoulder seams of the front and back together. I made sure that the UVPuOpSibh8-00102-00072584-00073168 right sides of the fabric were facing each other and then sewed. This seam was double stitched. UVPuOpSibh8-00103-00074152-00074488 Then I sewed the other side of the front and back pieces together UVPuOpSibh8-00104-00074488-00075784 at the shoulder seam. Once that was done, then the seam was double stitched. UVPuOpSibh8-00105-00076168-00076624 Here's where I noticed that the thread on my sewing machine had tangled. If I had let the UVPuOpSibh8-00106-00076624-00077080 thread stay tangled, my machine would have begun to pull the thread tighter and tighter UVPuOpSibh8-00107-00077080-00077720 as I sewed until it broke. Best to fix this problem right away. Next I easestitched the UVPuOpSibh8-00108-00077720-00078296 side edges of the front between the notches. When a pattern indicates that you easestitch it means UVPuOpSibh8-00109-00078296-00079984 to stitch along the seamline using long machine stitches. Then pull the threads to adjust the fit. UVPuOpSibh8-00110-00083736-00084184 Then I reinforced the inner corner of where the yoke joins the front, pivoting at the UVPuOpSibh8-00111-00084184-00084920 large circle. The instructions indicate to clip to the large circle but I didn't do that. I ran into UVPuOpSibh8-00112-00084920-00085488 problems once before clipping to the large circle and I found it extremely difficult to pin the UVPuOpSibh8-00113-00085488-00086128 pieces together afterwards. So now I don't clip to the large circle until absolutely necessary. UVPuOpSibh8-00114-00086672-00087200 My next step was to reinforce the inner corner of the back. I pivoted at the large UVPuOpSibh8-00115-00087200-00087760 circle. The instructions indicate to clip to the large circle but I didn't do that. UVPuOpSibh8-00116-00088264-00088840 Now that everything I had pinned had been sewn, it was time to pin again. The first thing that UVPuOpSibh8-00117-00088840-00089448 I chose to pin was the hem of the front flounce. This was a bit tricky because it's a curved hem. UVPuOpSibh8-00118-00089544-00089952 It would have been a whole lot easier if I had read the instructions on this step. UVPuOpSibh8-00119-00090024-00090576 The pattern says stitch a quarter of an inch from the lower edge of the flounce UVPuOpSibh8-00120-00090576-00091288 using long machine stitches. Turn up 5/8 of an inch hem, turning in quarter inch UVPuOpSibh8-00121-00091288-00092096 on raw edge. Pull threads to ease in fullness. Stitch. I think that taking the time to do those UVPuOpSibh8-00122-00092096-00092760 steps would have made this so much easier. Since my top has only the front flounce, the edges of UVPuOpSibh8-00123-00092760-00093984 where it would have joined the back flounce still need to be hemmed. This will be completed later. UVPuOpSibh8-00124-00104464-00104880 Here's where I jumped to step 15 of the instructions and stay stitched the neck UVPuOpSibh8-00125-00104880-00105432 edge of top. You may follow pattern directions in order but I prefer to jump here and there. UVPuOpSibh8-00126-00105520-00106096 My next step was to fold the sleeve band along the fold line with the wrong sides facing each other UVPuOpSibh8-00127-00106096-00106600 and pin the raw edges together. I made sure that the side seam was flat UVPuOpSibh8-00128-00106600-00107983 when I pinned the sleeve band in half to reduce bulkiness. UVPuOpSibh8-00129-00110344-00110864 Once one sleeve band was done, then I moved on to the other one, folding it along the UVPuOpSibh8-00130-00110864-00111456 fold line with the wrong sides facing each other. Then I pinned the raw edges together. UVPuOpSibh8-00131-00111511-00112183 The pinning holds the raw edge in place making it easier to pin the sleeve band to the sleeve. UVPuOpSibh8-00132-00113032-00113440 Then I pinned the sleeve band to the sleeve, matching up the notches and the seams. UVPuOpSibh8-00133-00113496-00113983 The sleeve band will need to be stretched a bit to fit the sleeve. I prefer to have my sleeve UVPuOpSibh8-00134-00113983-00114432 the wrong side out and the sleeve band right side out when completing this step. This way UVPuOpSibh8-00135-00114432-00114983 the sleeve band slips into the sleeve ensuring the right sides of the fabric are facing each other. UVPuOpSibh8-00136-00118016-00118392 What I did to the first sleeve band, then I did it to the second sleeve and UVPuOpSibh8-00137-00118392-00119183 band. UVPuOpSibh8-00138-00121704-00121983 These seams will be double stitched. UVPuOpSibh8-00139-00122824-00123328 Next with the wrong sides together, I folded the lower band along the foldline UVPuOpSibh8-00140-00123328-00123816 and then pinned the raw edges together. The instructions say that this should be pressed UVPuOpSibh8-00141-00123816-00124328 lightly but I didn't do this because I was unsure of the fiber content of my fabric UVPuOpSibh8-00142-00124328-00126183 and I didn't want to melt it. I'm all for pressing seams but I didn't do that with this top. UVPuOpSibh8-00143-00130256-00130448 then with the wrong sides together, UVPuOpSibh8-00144-00130448-00131784 I folded the neckband along the foldline and then pinned the raw edges together. UVPuOpSibh8-00145-00134736-00135168 Before I continue on with this sewalong, please like this video and share it with your friends and UVPuOpSibh8-00146-00135168-00135656 family. I'd love to help others sew on a budget and troubleshoot their favorite patterns and UVPuOpSibh8-00147-00135656-00136088 if you'd like to see more from BudgetSew, please subscribe and make sure that the bell is on so you UVPuOpSibh8-00148-00136088-00136728 receive a notification when I release a new video. Now back to the sewing machine. The first thing I UVPuOpSibh8-00149-00136728-00137368 did was staystitch the neck edge to the top. To staystitch, stitch an eighth of an inch from the UVPuOpSibh8-00150-00137368-00138784 seam line in the seam allowance. This is usually half an inch from the raw edge of the fabric. UVPuOpSibh8-00151-00140304-00140928 The next thing I sewed was the front flounce hem. Remember this step will be a lot easier UVPuOpSibh8-00152-00140928-00141600 if you follow the instructions. Just to recap, the pattern says, stitch a quarter of an inch UVPuOpSibh8-00153-00141600-00142208 from the lower edge of the flounce using long machine stitches. Turn up 5/8 of an inch hem, UVPuOpSibh8-00154-00142264-00143016 turning in a quarter inch on the raw edge. Pull thread to ease in fullness. Stitch. UVPuOpSibh8-00155-00143016-00144384 See how I struggle along with this hem. Best tip: follow the pattern directions. UVPuOpSibh8-00156-00146256-00146792 Since my top has three different shades of blue, I decided to use navy blue thread to UVPuOpSibh8-00157-00146792-00147328 match all the blues of my top. If I had made this top out of the same fabric and color, UVPuOpSibh8-00158-00147400-00147960 I would have picked a different color of thread, like green as an accent. A different color thread UVPuOpSibh8-00159-00147960-00148472 for hems and topstitching makes the garment look designer. I seem to buy a lot of green UVPuOpSibh8-00160-00148472-00148944 thread to match to the navy blue fabrics I sew but I haven't had the courage to actually UVPuOpSibh8-00161-00148944-00149512 sew with it. I just cut out two pairs of navy blue pants maybe I'll try the green thread with UVPuOpSibh8-00162-00149512-00149984 them. UVPuOpSibh8-00163-00158416-00158904 Next I stitched the sleeve band to the sleeve, gently stretching the sleeve band to fit. UVPuOpSibh8-00164-00158992-00159392 The seam is to be doublestitched but when I was sewing, I forgot. UVPuOpSibh8-00165-00159392-00159784 I remembered later to doublestitch the band. UVPuOpSibh8-00166-00162760-00163984 Then I stitched the other sleeve band to the sleeve, gently stretching the sleeve band to fit. UVPuOpSibh8-00167-00166144-00166448 Now here's where I remembered to doublestitch the cuffs. UVPuOpSibh8-00168-00166448-00167008 Remember doublestitching adds extra strength to the seam, which is really important for knits. UVPuOpSibh8-00169-00167008-00167392 I had to turn the sleeves inside out again so that I could add that extra row of stitching. UVPuOpSibh8-00170-00167448-00167840 I did not trim close to the stitching nor did I press the seam UVPuOpSibh8-00171-00167840-00168184 up. UVPuOpSibh8-00172-00170552-00170848 Back to pinning. I started with the front flounce. UVPuOpSibh8-00173-00170904-00171432 With the right sides up, pin the flounce to the top, matching centers and notches. UVPuOpSibh8-00174-00171688-00172176 I added the front flounce only but if your version of this top has a back flounce, UVPuOpSibh8-00175-00172176-00173784 then it should be pinned in place at this time too. UVPuOpSibh8-00176-00174064-00174584 Since I do not have a back flounce, the edges of the front flounce needs to be hemmed. UVPuOpSibh8-00177-00174584-00174952 I folded over the raw edge of the flounce 5/8 of an inch. UVPuOpSibh8-00178-00174952-00176584 Because this fabric would have been included in the seam allowance to sew it to the back flounce. UVPuOpSibh8-00179-00178712-00179136 When I pinned the front flounce to the top, I matched up the large circles UVPuOpSibh8-00180-00179136-00179616 for the best garment construction. I mark all my patterns with thread rather than with UVPuOpSibh8-00181-00179616-00180152 chalk or a washable fabric marker. This way the mark won't disappear or fade over time. UVPuOpSibh8-00182-00180208-00180784 It will be removed only when I decide to cut the thread off. UVPuOpSibh8-00183-00184328-00184984 The flounce will be basted in place using long machine stitches. UVPuOpSibh8-00184-00185168-00185664 Next I pinned the front to the back at the side seams, matching up the notches. UVPuOpSibh8-00185-00185664-00186384 The pattern indicates to adjust the ease and baste but I didn't find any ease here. UVPuOpSibh8-00186-00187928-00188432 I pinned my seams so that the pins are on top of the fabric when they go through my sewing machine UVPuOpSibh8-00187-00188432-00189184 making it easier to remove the pins before stitching. UVPuOpSibh8-00188-00190088-00190584 The side seams will be doublestitched. UVPuOpSibh8-00189-00190864-00191432 Next I pinned the neck band to the yoke. The band was pinned in half earlier in preparation UVPuOpSibh8-00190-00191432-00192000 for this step. I pinned the neck band to the neck edge matching the circles and notches. UVPuOpSibh8-00191-00192000-00193384 The seam joining the two ends of the band should match up to the center back of the yoke. UVPuOpSibh8-00192-00196392-00197584 I gently stretched the neck band into place when pinning. UVPuOpSibh8-00193-00199960-00200536 The neck band will have a 3/8 of an inch seam allowance rather than the 5/8 of an inch seam UVPuOpSibh8-00194-00200536-00200968 allowance that the rest of the pattern calls for. It will be doublestitched again at a UVPuOpSibh8-00195-00200968-00201784 quarter of an inch. Back at the sewing machine, I stitched the front to the back at the side seams. UVPuOpSibh8-00196-00203864-00204312 Then I doublestitched the side seam. I stretched the fabric evenly at the front of UVPuOpSibh8-00197-00204312-00204584 and in the back of the needle while sewing. UVPuOpSibh8-00198-00204856-00205296 I always clip my threads after sewing a seam but some sewers do not clip until the very UVPuOpSibh8-00199-00205296-00206016 end. At least that's what my Nana used to say. I find it much easier to clip as I sew. UVPuOpSibh8-00200-00206016-00206416 Over to the other side seam. I stitched the front to the back at this side seam, UVPuOpSibh8-00201-00206416-00206912 removing the pins just before I sewed. Sometimes I get a bit excited about sewing and completing UVPuOpSibh8-00202-00206912-00207384 the garment and accidentally leave a pin in but I really should be more careful. UVPuOpSibh8-00203-00207928-00208784 Then I double stitch the second seam. UVPuOpSibh8-00204-00210184-00210528 Here's where I sewed the hem on the ends of the flounce because I did not UVPuOpSibh8-00205-00210528-00211008 have a back flounce on my top and I did not want to leave raw edges unfinished. UVPuOpSibh8-00206-00211071-00211584 I sewed a hem a 5/8 of an inch to cover the seam allowance. UVPuOpSibh8-00207-00213456-00213719 I hemmed both edges of the front flounce. UVPuOpSibh8-00208-00214104-00215784 Then I basted the flounce to the front of the top using long machine stitches. UVPuOpSibh8-00209-00216752-00217184 I ensured that the notch is lined up and pivoted at the large circle at the center front. UVPuOpSibh8-00210-00219880-00220304 Next I sewed the neck band to the neck edge of the yoke, ensuring that the notches and UVPuOpSibh8-00211-00220304-00220736 circles lined up. I gently stretch the neckband to fit the neck edge. UVPuOpSibh8-00212-00220816-00221192 Don't stretch or pull too hard or you'll stretch the neck out of shape. UVPuOpSibh8-00213-00221256-00221808 I used 3/8 of an inch seam allowance rather than the usual 5/8 of an inch as per the pattern UVPuOpSibh8-00214-00221808-00222784 instructions. UVPuOpSibh8-00215-00225856-00226271 Then I doublestitched the neck band to the neck edge at a quarter of an inch away from UVPuOpSibh8-00216-00226271-00226767 the seam allowance. Doublestitching goes so much faster than the first row of stitches. UVPuOpSibh8-00217-00226767-00228384 I don't have to worry about running over pins or being pricked by them either. UVPuOpSibh8-00218-00228632-00229119 Back to the pinning stage. My next step was to pin the yoke to the upper edge of the top. UVPuOpSibh8-00219-00229119-00229632 I matched up all the notches and large circles. This part actually took me quite UVPuOpSibh8-00220-00229632-00230080 a bit to figure out how to pin. I knew I had to keep the right sides together and UVPuOpSibh8-00221-00230080-00230576 the front pieces to the front and the back pieces to the back but it took a while. UVPuOpSibh8-00222-00230656-00231184 If I had kept that part in the video it would have been a whole lot longer. UVPuOpSibh8-00223-00234728-00235384 Once I had figured out how to pin the front the back pinning went along so much smoother. UVPuOpSibh8-00224-00240088-00240248 This seam will be double stitched.. UVPuOpSibh8-00225-00240600-00240919 At this point I became quite excited to have the top in almost UVPuOpSibh8-00226-00240919-00241319 one piece. My next step was to pin the lower band to the top. UVPuOpSibh8-00227-00241319-00242384 I matched up the side seams and the notches and I gently stretched the lower band to fit into place. UVPuOpSibh8-00228-00250271-00250576 Once it's all pinned into place, it should be doublestitched. UVPuOpSibh8-00229-00250640-00251096 Next it was time for the sleeves. With the right sides of the fabric facing each other, UVPuOpSibh8-00230-00251096-00251552 I pinned the sleeve into the armhole, matching up the large circle with the shoulder seam. UVPuOpSibh8-00231-00251616-00252184 I found this part easiest to do with the shirt and the sleeve inside out. UVPuOpSibh8-00232-00258840-00259688 The sleeves will be doublestitched. With the shirt now pinned into one piece, it was time to sew it. UVPuOpSibh8-00233-00259688-00260112 I started with the lower band first. I gently stretched the fabric as it UVPuOpSibh8-00234-00260112-00260584 went through my sewing machine removing the pins as I sewed. UVPuOpSibh8-00235-00266888-00267288 Once I had sewn the lower band into place, I doublestitched it for strength. UVPuOpSibh8-00236-00267288-00267720 Make sure that you don't catch any additional fabric under the needle when sewing. The last UVPuOpSibh8-00237-00267720-00268144 thing you want to do is unpick a seam when you're so close to having the garment in one piece. UVPuOpSibh8-00238-00268280-00268776 My sewing machine's motor revved here and I adjusted the wheel to make sure that it was tight. UVPuOpSibh8-00239-00268776-00268984 That solved the revving problem. UVPuOpSibh8-00240-00271648-00273184 Next I sewed the first sleeve to the top. UVPuOpSibh8-00241-00277640-00278072 Then I doublestitched the sleeve in place. The instructions say to trim UVPuOpSibh8-00242-00278072-00278784 close to the stitching but I didn't do that. I prefer to clip the curves on my shoulder seams. UVPuOpSibh8-00243-00280616-00280784 Then I sewed the second sleeve to the UVPuOpSibh8-00244-00280784-00281584 top. UVPuOpSibh8-00245-00285928-00286400 Then I doublestitched the second sleeve into place. The instructions show that in addition UVPuOpSibh8-00246-00286400-00286952 to trimming close to the seamline that the seams should be pressed flat but I didn't do that. UVPuOpSibh8-00247-00286952-00287352 I didn't want to risk melting my fabric because I wasn't aware of the fiber content. UVPuOpSibh8-00248-00287408-00288888 I have a feeling that it's polyester but I'm not sure. Here's the tough part of the topstitching UVPuOpSibh8-00249-00288888-00289448 the yoke to the top. When I sewed this part, I started about two inches away from the large UVPuOpSibh8-00250-00289448-00289992 circle at the center and stitched away from that circle towards the other large circle over UVPuOpSibh8-00251-00289992-00290472 the shoulder seam. I had a feeling I was going to have difficulty stitching the large circles UVPuOpSibh8-00252-00290472-00291040 and pivoting so I decided to make it easier on myself and stitch the easiest parts of the seam UVPuOpSibh8-00253-00291040-00291432 first to remove the excess pins before getting to the harder part. UVPuOpSibh8-00254-00292768-00293216 I made sure that I didn't sew the hemmed edge of the flounce into the yoke seam. UVPuOpSibh8-00255-00293216-00294464 I made sure that it laid flat and out of the way of the sewing needle. Then I did the same thing UVPuOpSibh8-00256-00294464-00294936 on the other side of the yoke, only stitching two inches from the large circle to two inches UVPuOpSibh8-00257-00294936-00295440 away from the other large circle going over the shoulder seam. I realize this is not how the UVPuOpSibh8-00258-00295440-00295912 instructions indicate how this should be sewn but I just wanted to make it easier for me. UVPuOpSibh8-00259-00296160-00296984 Again I made sure not to stitch the hem edge of the flounce into the yoke seam. UVPuOpSibh8-00260-00298880-00299784 Here comes the trickier part. I sewed the V of the yoke pivoting at the large circle. UVPuOpSibh8-00261-00302752-00303112 Then I sewed the back V of the yoke pivoting at the large circle. UVPuOpSibh8-00262-00303200-00303768 Maybe I made the whole process harder but it worked and I'm happy with that. I forgot to record UVPuOpSibh8-00263-00303768-00305384 the doublestitching of this seam but I sewed it from start to finish pivoting at the large circle. UVPuOpSibh8-00264-00306456-00306752 Now for the finishing touches. My next step was to UVPuOpSibh8-00265-00306752-00307080 pin the neck edge of the top so that it would be edgestitched. UVPuOpSibh8-00266-00307512-00307872 Then I pinned the upper edge of the front flounce and the back yoke UVPuOpSibh8-00267-00307872-00308184 so that it would be edgestitched. UVPuOpSibh8-00268-00308800-00309584 As I mentioned earlier, I clipped the curves of the shoulder seam to reduce the bulkiness. UVPuOpSibh8-00269-00309680-00310984 Back to the sewing machine for the final stitches. First I edge stitched the neck edge to the top. UVPuOpSibh8-00270-00316296-00316704 My last step was to edge stitch the front flounce and the back yoke. UVPuOpSibh8-00271-00317752-00319384 Here's where I checked to make sure I didn't catch another part of the shirt in the edge stitching. UVPuOpSibh8-00272-00320200-00320648 I started at the shoulder seam and sewed to the center where I pivoted at the V UVPuOpSibh8-00273-00320648-00320784 and stitched up the other side. UVPuOpSibh8-00274-00327736-00329184 Here's where I pivoted at the large circle. I was on the home stretch. UVPuOpSibh8-00275-00331552-00331984 Here is the finished top. UVPuOpSibh8-00276-00336208-00336520 I hope you enjoyed sewing McCall's 7869 with me. UVPuOpSibh8-00277-00336592-00336968 Please like and share this video with your friends and family and if you'd like to see UVPuOpSibh8-00278-00336968-00337584 more from BudgetSew, please subscribe. Thanks for watching! See you next time!