CuZuqHPieVy-00001-00015584-00015791 you
CvrHFa2_MjU-00000-00000063-00000749 [Music]
CvrHFa2_MjU-00001-00000750-00001447 [Laughter]
CvrHFa2_MjU-00002-00001448-00001607 you can't have that
CvrHFa2_MjU-00003-00001607-00001918 come on i see a tree oh the door doesn't
CvrHFa2_MjU-00004-00001919-00001982 open
CvrHFa2_MjU-00005-00001984-00002487 let's work together all right
CvrHFa2_MjU-00006-00002488-00002718 butcher's back baby all right ahoda and
CvrHFa2_MjU-00007-00002719-00002847 i have confirmed there's nothing behind
CvrHFa2_MjU-00008-00002848-00003007 the house
CvrHFa2_MjU-00009-00003008-00003254 uh a tree's following no push it the
CvrHFa2_MjU-00010-00003255-00003503 other way casey oh look what you've done
CvrHFa2_MjU-00011-00003504-00003815 oh what were you trying to do just
CvrHFa2_MjU-00012-00003815-00004183 trying to push it with my head
CvrHFa2_MjU-00013-00004184-00004399 you gotta make it fall the hey you two i
CvrHFa2_MjU-00014-00004400-00005047 saw what you're trying to do
CvrHFa2_MjU-00015-00005048-00005238 tried to kill me oh no this that there
CvrHFa2_MjU-00016-00005239-00005415 was a cliff they're alive
CvrHFa2_MjU-00017-00005416-00005727 yeah quick kill them there's a little
CvrHFa2_MjU-00018-00005728-00005975 too much
CvrHFa2_MjU-00019-00005976-00006279 it's a dull hatchet oh oh my god
CvrHFa2_MjU-00020-00006280-00006591 it fell the way we wanted yes see what
CvrHFa2_MjU-00021-00006592-00006710 that
CvrHFa2_MjU-00022-00006711-00007063 that's thinking no
CvrHFa2_MjU-00023-00007064-00007359 can i bring my hat shit yeah hell yeah i
CvrHFa2_MjU-00024-00007359-00007646 can't make this
CvrHFa2_MjU-00025-00007647-00007870 i can't make it i don't like this little
CvrHFa2_MjU-00026-00007872-00008374 crevice
CvrHFa2_MjU-00027-00008375-00008503 it's like crystal mountain all over
CvrHFa2_MjU-00028-00008504-00008710 again
CvrHFa2_MjU-00029-00008711-00008910 i'm just trying so laggy what's going on
CvrHFa2_MjU-00030-00008911-00009014 someone joined
CvrHFa2_MjU-00031-00009015-00009142 you got a friend a stranger definitely
CvrHFa2_MjU-00032-00009143-00009327 just joined oh frog
CvrHFa2_MjU-00033-00009328-00009791 is it a frog
CvrHFa2_MjU-00034-00009792-00009974 actually they can stay for now see how
CvrHFa2_MjU-00035-00009975-00010110 they do yeah let them stay
CvrHFa2_MjU-00036-00010111-00010483 we like friends they are culture
CvrHFa2_MjU-00037-00010484-00010558 [Music]
CvrHFa2_MjU-00038-00010559-00010999 [Laughter]
CvrHFa2_MjU-00039-00011000-00011399 hey oh it's a dinosaur
CvrHFa2_MjU-00040-00011400-00011767 it's pastor uh oh sandro
CvrHFa2_MjU-00041-00011768-00012683 pastor sandro sandor that's what
CvrHFa2_MjU-00042-00012684-00012855 happened
CvrHFa2_MjU-00043-00012856-00013247 no i wasn't prepared for that hey
CvrHFa2_MjU-00044-00013247-00013663 dialogue oh wow
CvrHFa2_MjU-00045-00013663-00014103 what did he uh he climbed up somehow
CvrHFa2_MjU-00046-00014104-00014351 with the pro here i can't even kill this
CvrHFa2_MjU-00047-00014352-00014847 log
CvrHFa2_MjU-00048-00014847-00015086 oh no he's killing you
CvrHFa2_MjU-00049-00015087-00015558 [Laughter]
CvrHFa2_MjU-00050-00015559-00015791 get him out of here i don't know what
CvrHFa2_MjU-00051-00015791-00015927 you did to this guy
CvrHFa2_MjU-00052-00015928-00016230 to make him hate you oh shaking his ass
CvrHFa2_MjU-00053-00016231-00016309 how does he do that
CvrHFa2_MjU-00054-00016310-00016639 [Laughter]
CvrHFa2_MjU-00055-00016640-00017103 come on
CvrHFa2_MjU-00056-00017104-00017639 it's freaking there then it rolled
CvrHFa2_MjU-00057-00017640-00019683 we're doing the titanic oh cute
CvrHFa2_MjU-00058-00019684-00019807 oh
CvrHFa2_MjU-00059-00019808-00020063 yeah he does he's an old pro that was
CvrHFa2_MjU-00060-00020064-00020303 someone else's
CvrHFa2_MjU-00061-00020304-00020630 it's uh it's a blank man so far for me
CvrHFa2_MjU-00062-00020631-00020841 ernie 926. ernie
CvrHFa2_MjU-00063-00020842-00021055 [Music]
CvrHFa2_MjU-00064-00021056-00021319 oh my god oh he painted on a reptile uh
CvrHFa2_MjU-00065-00021320-00021358 tail
CvrHFa2_MjU-00066-00021359-00021671 too i hate this get over the fucking
CvrHFa2_MjU-00067-00021672-00021743 balance beam
CvrHFa2_MjU-00068-00021744-00022071 he's not wrecked right now
CvrHFa2_MjU-00069-00022072-00022471 he's a reptar or rex even
CvrHFa2_MjU-00070-00022472-00022655 hey more wrecks and reptiles oh who's
CvrHFa2_MjU-00071-00022656-00022839 this guy
CvrHFa2_MjU-00072-00022840-00023047 what's he look like oh he's got a
CvrHFa2_MjU-00073-00023048-00023711 mustache
CvrHFa2_MjU-00074-00023712-00024063 oh he's cute say hello to him
CvrHFa2_MjU-00075-00024064-00024630 damn oh he's got his own custom shirt on
CvrHFa2_MjU-00076-00024631-00024927 it's a photograph of himself in the back
CvrHFa2_MjU-00077-00024928-00025055 how does he
CvrHFa2_MjU-00078-00025056-00025862 yeah doing a cool little pose
CvrHFa2_MjU-00079-00025863-00026094 this guy's going to be quite the ally
CvrHFa2_MjU-00080-00026095-00026223 you did it yeah
CvrHFa2_MjU-00081-00026224-00026551 he left no you never got to see
CvrHFa2_MjU-00082-00026552-00026870 me sir i said hey ernie yeah but maybe
CvrHFa2_MjU-00083-00026872-00026983 he only speaks spanish
CvrHFa2_MjU-00084-00026983-00027358 yeah he is mad all right curtis let's
CvrHFa2_MjU-00085-00027360-00027535 stand here and hold it steady
CvrHFa2_MjU-00086-00027536-00027862 it's a good idea that might help me out
CvrHFa2_MjU-00087-00027863-00028311 well nobody else needed it but maybe
CvrHFa2_MjU-00088-00028312-00028687 you like being a snot to me
CvrHFa2_MjU-00089-00028688-00028911 i mean we're just not putting your hands
CvrHFa2_MjU-00090-00028912-00029407 up
CvrHFa2_MjU-00091-00029408-00031023 look at that he's
CvrHFa2_MjU-00092-00031024-00031214 sorry no he just spawned over with
CvrHFa2_MjU-00093-00031216-00031527 reptile buy apples apples
CvrHFa2_MjU-00094-00031527-00031687 you have no idea what's happening to you
CvrHFa2_MjU-00095-00031688-00032214 here
CvrHFa2_MjU-00096-00032216-00032567 i'm sorry goodbye
CvrHFa2_MjU-00097-00032568-00032799 you're too far ahead oh wait there were
CvrHFa2_MjU-00098-00032800-00032918 other axes too
CvrHFa2_MjU-00099-00032919-00033190 he literally hadn't been he only took
CvrHFa2_MjU-00100-00033191-00033683 one
CvrHFa2_MjU-00101-00033684-00033796 sorry
CvrHFa2_MjU-00102-00033797-00034471 [Laughter]
CvrHFa2_MjU-00103-00034472-00034671 i'll try to catch it okay all right i
CvrHFa2_MjU-00104-00034672-00034846 guess you can have it
CvrHFa2_MjU-00105-00034847-00035318 what the hell oh okay you kidding
CvrHFa2_MjU-00106-00035319-00035439 brad just jumped down there trying to
CvrHFa2_MjU-00107-00035440-00035695 pass it up to me okay
CvrHFa2_MjU-00108-00035696-00036062 oh we just just took this hook this edge
CvrHFa2_MjU-00109-00036063-00036390 our head is coming oh just coming
CvrHFa2_MjU-00110-00036391-00036711 grab it all right we got it
CvrHFa2_MjU-00111-00036712-00037062 pull kc okay we're good oh
CvrHFa2_MjU-00112-00037063-00037367 we gotta flip it
CvrHFa2_MjU-00113-00037368-00037687 we don't so how do you plan on doing
CvrHFa2_MjU-00114-00037688-00037911 that flip itself
CvrHFa2_MjU-00115-00037912-00038479 watch watch my feet make sure i'm okay
CvrHFa2_MjU-00116-00038480-00038823 oh you're okay there he goes okay you
CvrHFa2_MjU-00117-00038824-00038959 lied to me
CvrHFa2_MjU-00118-00038960-00039159 uh what do you mean you were okay when i
CvrHFa2_MjU-00119-00039160-00039262 said you were okay and then you took a
CvrHFa2_MjU-00120-00039263-00039295 step
CvrHFa2_MjU-00121-00039296-00039615 forward and he walks off the edge
CvrHFa2_MjU-00122-00039616-00039951 where's the pull all the way up top
CvrHFa2_MjU-00123-00039952-00040143 it'll flip itself what does that even
CvrHFa2_MjU-00124-00040144-00040318 mean
CvrHFa2_MjU-00125-00040319-00040759 you can't bend over it got my pull
CvrHFa2_MjU-00126-00040760-00041374 with pleasure now yank
CvrHFa2_MjU-00127-00041375-00042087 i don't get it
CvrHFa2_MjU-00128-00042088-00042318 okay yeah all right all right all right
CvrHFa2_MjU-00129-00042319-00042518 there he goes
CvrHFa2_MjU-00130-00042519-00042639 you got it you got it you got it you got
CvrHFa2_MjU-00131-00042640-00042846 it oh my god
CvrHFa2_MjU-00132-00042847-00043287 why are we on spread my time has come
CvrHFa2_MjU-00133-00043288-00043662 in fact i'm just gonna stay here
CvrHFa2_MjU-00134-00043663-00043990 all right casey grab it go back down
CvrHFa2_MjU-00135-00043991-00044117 i'm doing my part
CvrHFa2_MjU-00136-00044118-00044446 [Laughter]
CvrHFa2_MjU-00137-00044447-00044783 assembly line oh this looks okay
CvrHFa2_MjU-00138-00044784-00045223 here we go
CvrHFa2_MjU-00139-00045224-00045583 no fuck we never should have kicked
CvrHFa2_MjU-00140-00045584-00045846 the fucking the red dragon would have
CvrHFa2_MjU-00141-00045847-00046079 been so helpful during this
CvrHFa2_MjU-00142-00046080-00047683 only ernie didn't leave
CvrHFa2_MjU-00143-00047684-00048046 hola oh
CvrHFa2_MjU-00144-00048047-00048535 very ignorant thing to say huh
CvrHFa2_MjU-00145-00048536-00049462 and that's all he said
CvrHFa2_MjU-00146-00049463-00049615 seems your mind went to an ignorant
CvrHFa2_MjU-00147-00049616-00050015 place
CvrHFa2_MjU-00148-00050016-00050399 give me that you're done oh
CvrHFa2_MjU-00149-00050400-00051071 give me it
CvrHFa2_MjU-00150-00051072-00051342 how's that look it's okay you gotta turn
CvrHFa2_MjU-00151-00051344-00051479 your body oh
CvrHFa2_MjU-00152-00051479-00051854 oh you were close
CvrHFa2_MjU-00153-00051855-00052111 all right oh i'm looking okay oh yeah
CvrHFa2_MjU-00154-00052112-00052223 you look good
CvrHFa2_MjU-00155-00052224-00052382 all right can you guys move a bit
CvrHFa2_MjU-00156-00052383-00052599 because all i could see is you two
CvrHFa2_MjU-00157-00052600-00052903 oh you get past this please casey this
CvrHFa2_MjU-00158-00052904-00053103 is i don't know
CvrHFa2_MjU-00159-00053104-00054742 it turned out and you turned it
CvrHFa2_MjU-00160-00054744-00055079 off fuck the key is turning it for sure
CvrHFa2_MjU-00161-00055079-00055342 from the grounds that's the key like
CvrHFa2_MjU-00162-00055344-00055519 i've been saying since the start
CvrHFa2_MjU-00163-00055520-00056054 doesn't turn on its own kc hurt itself
CvrHFa2_MjU-00164-00056055-00056519 it'll turn by itself grab it
CvrHFa2_MjU-00165-00056520-00056999 fucking reach
CvrHFa2_MjU-00166-00057000-00057311 put some effort in god damn it you
CvrHFa2_MjU-00167-00057312-00057726 suck oh my god
CvrHFa2_MjU-00168-00057727-00057903 perfect all right watch this oh that's
CvrHFa2_MjU-00169-00057904-00058030 that's one way to get it into the right
CvrHFa2_MjU-00170-00058032-00058423 place yeah
CvrHFa2_MjU-00171-00058424-00058759 look at that all right i'm still gonna
CvrHFa2_MjU-00172-00058760-00058847 fuck it up
CvrHFa2_MjU-00173-00058848-00059166 no i think you got this i gotta line my
CvrHFa2_MjU-00174-00059167-00059271 shot up here
CvrHFa2_MjU-00175-00059272-00059438 maybe you can hook it without having to
CvrHFa2_MjU-00176-00059439-00059582 jump let me look
CvrHFa2_MjU-00177-00059583-00060015 i'm trying to get a jump all right
CvrHFa2_MjU-00178-00060016-00060963 yes you got it you got it
CvrHFa2_MjU-00179-00060964-00061359 [Music]
CvrHFa2_MjU-00180-00061360-00061638 who predicted that i would save the day
CvrHFa2_MjU-00181-00061639-00061782 me
CvrHFa2_MjU-00182-00061783-00061975 oh look what we got remember this
CvrHFa2_MjU-00183-00061976-00062215 someone say that oh no
CvrHFa2_MjU-00184-00062216-00062526 this little hearse this made our best of
CvrHFa2_MjU-00185-00062527-00062606 video
CvrHFa2_MjU-00186-00062607-00062966 first the hearse
CvrHFa2_MjU-00187-00062967-00063463 kind of hearse is this an amish
CvrHFa2_MjU-00188-00063464-00063975 i think we gotta line up this chain
CvrHFa2_MjU-00189-00063976-00064342 oh
CvrHFa2_MjU-00190-00064344-00064759 does this help um excuse me
CvrHFa2_MjU-00191-00064760-00065150 everybody does this help
CvrHFa2_MjU-00192-00065151-00065382 i'm helping all right now what you're
CvrHFa2_MjU-00193-00065383-00065647 supposed to go to that lower roof
CvrHFa2_MjU-00194-00065648-00065991 oh hey i'm sorry oh god damn it i did
CvrHFa2_MjU-00195-00065992-00066111 not mean to do that
CvrHFa2_MjU-00196-00066112-00066494 i'm sorry are you up there casey
CvrHFa2_MjU-00197-00066495-00066687 no i'm on the chain no oh you're on the
CvrHFa2_MjU-00198-00066688-00066815 train no
CvrHFa2_MjU-00199-00066816-00066919 i think he's doing right you're supposed
CvrHFa2_MjU-00200-00066920-00067135 to swing to the right up there
CvrHFa2_MjU-00201-00067136-00067638 i can't make a higher part you think
CvrHFa2_MjU-00202-00067639-00067823 jump on the roof of this casing heard a
CvrHFa2_MjU-00203-00067824-00068071 psycho of me oh sorry
CvrHFa2_MjU-00204-00068072-00068382 i can't see anything
CvrHFa2_MjU-00205-00068383-00068638 i can't see anything yeah i think you
CvrHFa2_MjU-00206-00068639-00068687 just
CvrHFa2_MjU-00207-00068688-00068823 you just take me over to this roof
CvrHFa2_MjU-00208-00068824-00069031 that's all you gotta do that's right
CvrHFa2_MjU-00209-00069032-00069238 that's what we're trying to do you
CvrHFa2_MjU-00210-00069239-00069375 murdered me
CvrHFa2_MjU-00211-00069376-00069559 i know what about the boards there you
CvrHFa2_MjU-00212-00069560-00069735 think those are dude for anything here i
CvrHFa2_MjU-00213-00069736-00069855 come
CvrHFa2_MjU-00214-00069856-00070271 can you guys get there yeah
CvrHFa2_MjU-00215-00070272-00070543 uh there's oh oh so wait now if you
CvrHFa2_MjU-00216-00070544-00070679 leave the cart there that one person can
CvrHFa2_MjU-00217-00070680-00070782 go on the rocks
CvrHFa2_MjU-00218-00070783-00070999 jump on the chain and swing over to the
CvrHFa2_MjU-00219-00071000-00071103 roof oh
CvrHFa2_MjU-00220-00071104-00071503 you got a checkpoint so excited
CvrHFa2_MjU-00221-00071504-00071782 we got checkpoint don't matter it does
CvrHFa2_MjU-00222-00071783-00071871 matter
CvrHFa2_MjU-00223-00071872-00072175 do a boat boating hose
CvrHFa2_MjU-00224-00072176-00072350 all right i'm cleaning out there sort of
CvrHFa2_MjU-00225-00072351-00072694 jumping on the chain
CvrHFa2_MjU-00226-00072695-00073031 he's still worried about this chain
CvrHFa2_MjU-00227-00073032-00073175 i just figured it out artist is never
CvrHFa2_MjU-00228-00073176-00073687 going to never break the chain
CvrHFa2_MjU-00229-00073688-00074038 let's go left sarah jones
CvrHFa2_MjU-00230-00074039-00074191 that's what i said i'm queen sarah
CvrHFa2_MjU-00231-00074192-00074479 everybody else push
CvrHFa2_MjU-00232-00074480-00074919 i guess that makes me peter harkey
CvrHFa2_MjU-00233-00074920-00075182 if you want i do you could be several
CvrHFa2_MjU-00234-00075183-00075391 other people that aren't peter harkey's
CvrHFa2_MjU-00235-00075392-00075719 families we're gonna go off the
CvrHFa2_MjU-00236-00075720-00075799 waterfall
CvrHFa2_MjU-00237-00075800-00076191 here ernie's back ernie
CvrHFa2_MjU-00238-00076192-00076662 he's back i told you to go eat dinner
CvrHFa2_MjU-00239-00076663-00076975 but that was isabel that was
CvrHFa2_MjU-00240-00076976-00077279 also evelyn yeah
CvrHFa2_MjU-00241-00077280-00077647 he's talking he laughed no
CvrHFa2_MjU-00242-00077648-00078944 i said hola this time and he left
CvrHFa2_MjU-00243-00078945-00080199 [Music]
CvrHFa2_MjU-00244-00080200-00080407 you
CxxVn8WUoZU-00000-00000000-00000103 so in this video you're going to see a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00001-00000104-00000342 lot of potatoes and if that's not what
CxxVn8WUoZU-00002-00000343-00000471 you're interested in
CxxVn8WUoZU-00003-00000472-00000630 i don't know what to tell you hi i'm
CxxVn8WUoZU-00004-00000631-00000878 andrew recently on this channel i made a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00005-00000880-00000958 video where i
CxxVn8WUoZU-00006-00000959-00001239 recreated these exceptionally good fries
CxxVn8WUoZU-00007-00001240-00001415 from one of my favorite restaurants
CxxVn8WUoZU-00008-00001416-00001591 to make those fries i had to find a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00009-00001592-00001782 particular type of potato called the
CxxVn8WUoZU-00010-00001784-00001910 kennebec potato
CxxVn8WUoZU-00011-00001911-00002079 and i could only find it through a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00012-00002080-00002231 produce wholesaler
CxxVn8WUoZU-00013-00002232-00002479 which meant the minimum quantity i could
CxxVn8WUoZU-00014-00002480-00002542 buy it in
CxxVn8WUoZU-00015-00002543-00002815 was a 50 pound box so i've had all these
CxxVn8WUoZU-00016-00002816-00002958 potatoes that i've had to find something
CxxVn8WUoZU-00017-00002959-00002999 to do
CxxVn8WUoZU-00018-00003000-00003199 with i've given some away to friends
CxxVn8WUoZU-00019-00003200-00003367 i've used some normal cooking
CxxVn8WUoZU-00020-00003368-00003663 i was left with about half the box 25
CxxVn8WUoZU-00021-00003664-00003719 pounds
CxxVn8WUoZU-00022-00003720-00003911 so i thought okay this is actually a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00023-00003911-00004063 great opportunity to
CxxVn8WUoZU-00024-00004064-00004415 try a bunch of potato recipes that i had
CxxVn8WUoZU-00025-00004416-00004583 always wanted to try but never got
CxxVn8WUoZU-00026-00004584-00004711 around to doing so that's what i'm going
CxxVn8WUoZU-00027-00004712-00004799 to do today
CxxVn8WUoZU-00028-00004800-00005111 show you how i used 25 pounds of
CxxVn8WUoZU-00029-00005112-00005206 potatoes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00030-00005207-00005359 made all of these recipes and now i'm
CxxVn8WUoZU-00031-00005360-00005527 going to take you through
CxxVn8WUoZU-00032-00005528-00005783 how it went so the first recipe is
CxxVn8WUoZU-00033-00005784-00005886 called pom
CxxVn8WUoZU-00034-00005887-00006191 anna which is essentially like a pie
CxxVn8WUoZU-00035-00006192-00006470 made entirely out of potato start by
CxxVn8WUoZU-00036-00006472-00006646 peeling my potatoes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00037-00006647-00007006 this recipe uses quite a few potatoes so
CxxVn8WUoZU-00038-00007008-00007223 it appealed to me immediately i needed
CxxVn8WUoZU-00039-00007223-00007414 to thinly slice them so i got this
CxxVn8WUoZU-00040-00007415-00007503 mandolin
CxxVn8WUoZU-00041-00007504-00007846 and i opted for a wider design because
CxxVn8WUoZU-00042-00007847-00008063 some of these potatoes are quite large
CxxVn8WUoZU-00043-00008064-00008271 and then it was a matter of dialing in
CxxVn8WUoZU-00044-00008272-00008478 the size by adjusting the knob on the
CxxVn8WUoZU-00045-00008479-00008599 back and you want
CxxVn8WUoZU-00046-00008600-00008903 it to be pretty thin but not so
CxxVn8WUoZU-00047-00008904-00009039 thin that it's not going to have any
CxxVn8WUoZU-00048-00009040-00009287 structure to it so i started by
CxxVn8WUoZU-00049-00009288-00009471 melting a bunch of butter and then
CxxVn8WUoZU-00050-00009472-00009591 pouring off
CxxVn8WUoZU-00051-00009592-00009839 most of that butter into a pitcher which
CxxVn8WUoZU-00052-00009840-00010046 i'll then add to the layers later on
CxxVn8WUoZU-00053-00010047-00010278 and then you layer the potato slices
CxxVn8WUoZU-00054-00010279-00010374 overlapping
CxxVn8WUoZU-00055-00010375-00010614 in concentric circles intermittently
CxxVn8WUoZU-00056-00010615-00010735 adding back some
CxxVn8WUoZU-00057-00010736-00010967 butter i should note that there was a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00058-00010968-00011127 little bit of a gap between
CxxVn8WUoZU-00059-00011128-00011327 mandolining the potatoes and then me
CxxVn8WUoZU-00060-00011328-00011471 doing the layering so
CxxVn8WUoZU-00061-00011472-00011742 some of my potato slices started to warp
CxxVn8WUoZU-00062-00011743-00011903 in a funny way which was
CxxVn8WUoZU-00063-00011904-00012206 not ideal but i ended up taking my
CxxVn8WUoZU-00064-00012207-00012510 other smaller cast iron skillet and
CxxVn8WUoZU-00065-00012511-00012710 smushing down the layers so then we're
CxxVn8WUoZU-00066-00012711-00012935 heating the pan on the stove top
CxxVn8WUoZU-00067-00012936-00013238 in order to form a crust because i have
CxxVn8WUoZU-00068-00013240-00013319 such a large
CxxVn8WUoZU-00069-00013319-00013583 pan i like to move it around to make
CxxVn8WUoZU-00070-00013584-00013638 sure that i'm
CxxVn8WUoZU-00071-00013640-00013911 evenly heating the entire pan so that
CxxVn8WUoZU-00072-00013912-00013943 there
CxxVn8WUoZU-00073-00013944-00014271 aren't hot spots which are going to
CxxVn8WUoZU-00074-00014272-00014494 maybe burn the potatoes and you can
CxxVn8WUoZU-00075-00014495-00014622 start to see steam
CxxVn8WUoZU-00076-00014623-00014871 and bubbles coming up around the edges
CxxVn8WUoZU-00077-00014872-00015038 and then it goes in the oven
CxxVn8WUoZU-00078-00015040-00015383 30 or 40 minutes until it's tender all
CxxVn8WUoZU-00079-00015384-00015479 the way through
CxxVn8WUoZU-00080-00015480-00015686 so i got my biggest cutting board put it
CxxVn8WUoZU-00081-00015687-00015783 on top
CxxVn8WUoZU-00082-00015784-00016127 and then it was the moment of truth and
CxxVn8WUoZU-00083-00016128-00016471 oh boy this was beautiful
CxxVn8WUoZU-00084-00016472-00016694 the top very crispy probably could have
CxxVn8WUoZU-00085-00016695-00016799 taken it a bit
CxxVn8WUoZU-00086-00016800-00017127 further and gotten a even more crusty
CxxVn8WUoZU-00087-00017128-00017167 top
CxxVn8WUoZU-00088-00017168-00017391 but this was very good it's a recipe
CxxVn8WUoZU-00089-00017392-00017615 that really appeals to me because
CxxVn8WUoZU-00090-00017616-00017950 it's both dead simple but has this
CxxVn8WUoZU-00091-00017951-00018214 element of fussiness that i kind of like
CxxVn8WUoZU-00092-00018215-00018271 you could just
CxxVn8WUoZU-00093-00018272-00018439 roast potatoes and get a similar
CxxVn8WUoZU-00094-00018440-00018663 satisfaction but there's something kind
CxxVn8WUoZU-00095-00018664-00018783 of nice about
CxxVn8WUoZU-00096-00018784-00019055 communicating the effort that you put
CxxVn8WUoZU-00097-00019056-00019119 into it
CxxVn8WUoZU-00098-00019120-00019255 you know if you were serving this to
CxxVn8WUoZU-00099-00019256-00019447 guests or something like that if you're
CxxVn8WUoZU-00100-00019448-00019535 wondering how
CxxVn8WUoZU-00101-00019536-00019783 i consumed all these potatoes i actually
CxxVn8WUoZU-00102-00019784-00019950 ended up portioning some off
CxxVn8WUoZU-00103-00019951-00020199 packaging it up and giving it to
CxxVn8WUoZU-00104-00020200-00020343 neighbors and friends
CxxVn8WUoZU-00105-00020344-00020614 and anybody who would help me eat
CxxVn8WUoZU-00106-00020615-00020694 potatoes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00107-00020695-00020886 so the next recipe i tried is called
CxxVn8WUoZU-00108-00020887-00021047 fondant potatoes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00109-00021048-00021383 despite the name it does not have any uh
CxxVn8WUoZU-00110-00021384-00021599 cake on it so for this recipe i
CxxVn8WUoZU-00111-00021600-00021767 referenced the youtube channel food
CxxVn8WUoZU-00112-00021768-00021822 wishes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00113-00021823-00022055 with chef john which i like very much
CxxVn8WUoZU-00114-00022056-00022150 because
CxxVn8WUoZU-00115-00022151-00022471 calm voice explaining recipe
CxxVn8WUoZU-00116-00022472-00022622 the thing with these cannabis a lot of
CxxVn8WUoZU-00117-00022623-00022863 the large ones are sort of saucer shaped
CxxVn8WUoZU-00118-00022864-00023063 and what i needed to do was trim these
CxxVn8WUoZU-00119-00023064-00023239 potatoes into the shape
CxxVn8WUoZU-00120-00023240-00023494 of compact cylinders making sure that
CxxVn8WUoZU-00121-00023495-00023558 they were all
CxxVn8WUoZU-00122-00023559-00023735 approximately the same height this
CxxVn8WUoZU-00123-00023736-00023950 generated a lot of potato trimmings
CxxVn8WUoZU-00124-00023951-00024207 which i containered off to then make
CxxVn8WUoZU-00125-00024208-00024350 mashed potatoes later on
CxxVn8WUoZU-00126-00024351-00024630 which will come into play a little bit
CxxVn8WUoZU-00127-00024631-00024758 later in this video
CxxVn8WUoZU-00128-00024759-00025127 so in a very hot pan with oil i seared
CxxVn8WUoZU-00129-00025128-00025367 one side of each of these potatoes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00130-00025368-00025447 taking time
CxxVn8WUoZU-00131-00025448-00025702 not to do it at too high of a heat where
CxxVn8WUoZU-00132-00025704-00025783 it might
CxxVn8WUoZU-00133-00025783-00026014 burn some portions before you develop an
CxxVn8WUoZU-00134-00026016-00026111 even crust
CxxVn8WUoZU-00135-00026112-00026295 so once they're all even you flip them
CxxVn8WUoZU-00136-00026295-00026470 over remove the excess
CxxVn8WUoZU-00137-00026472-00026711 grape seed oil in my case let the pan
CxxVn8WUoZU-00138-00026712-00026823 cool a little bit more
CxxVn8WUoZU-00139-00026824-00027014 so that when i add butter in the next
CxxVn8WUoZU-00140-00027016-00027158 step it doesn't
CxxVn8WUoZU-00141-00027160-00027479 immediately scald or burn these potatoes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00142-00027480-00027670 are called fondant potatoes because
CxxVn8WUoZU-00143-00027672-00027846 they are now going to be cooked with
CxxVn8WUoZU-00144-00027847-00027999 stock since this recipe
CxxVn8WUoZU-00145-00028000-00028318 just has one main flavoring component i
CxxVn8WUoZU-00146-00028319-00028462 wanted to get a very
CxxVn8WUoZU-00147-00028463-00028743 nice stock so i got it from this
CxxVn8WUoZU-00148-00028744-00028839 restaurant and
CxxVn8WUoZU-00149-00028839-00029031 butcher that i've previously used on the
CxxVn8WUoZU-00150-00029032-00029158 channel called gwen
CxxVn8WUoZU-00151-00029160-00029414 it's i think primarily pork based and
CxxVn8WUoZU-00152-00029416-00029487 you can tell
CxxVn8WUoZU-00153-00029488-00029839 it's just very thick and good looking
CxxVn8WUoZU-00154-00029839-00030031 then it goes into the oven and that goes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00155-00030032-00030151 for
CxxVn8WUoZU-00156-00030152-00030495 30 40 minutes basically until it's
CxxVn8WUoZU-00157-00030495-00030790 tender all the way through which you can
CxxVn8WUoZU-00158-00030791-00030855 see i'm
CxxVn8WUoZU-00159-00030856-00031127 testing here with a little uh cake
CxxVn8WUoZU-00160-00031127-00031207 tester
CxxVn8WUoZU-00161-00031208-00031511 these things were extremely good
CxxVn8WUoZU-00162-00031512-00031687 spooning some of this roasting liquid
CxxVn8WUoZU-00163-00031688-00031846 onto the top of the potatoes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00164-00031847-00032046 i could not believe how good this tasted
CxxVn8WUoZU-00165-00032047-00032270 there's starch coming from the potatoes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00166-00032272-00032399 which is also acting
CxxVn8WUoZU-00167-00032400-00032599 i think as a thickening agent and you
CxxVn8WUoZU-00168-00032600-00032727 end up with this
CxxVn8WUoZU-00169-00032727-00033111 tremendous gravy it's that custardy
CxxVn8WUoZU-00170-00033112-00033399 inside with the stock that's been sucked
CxxVn8WUoZU-00171-00033400-00033590 inside and then you have this
CxxVn8WUoZU-00172-00033591-00033879 contrast with the crust on top but this
CxxVn8WUoZU-00173-00033880-00034095 kind of transforms the potato
CxxVn8WUoZU-00174-00034096-00034446 into more of a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00175-00034447-00034671 statement potato i love the fondant
CxxVn8WUoZU-00176-00034672-00034774 potato this was
CxxVn8WUoZU-00177-00034775-00035055 10 out of 10 potatoes for me the next
CxxVn8WUoZU-00178-00035056-00035215 recipe i tried is called
CxxVn8WUoZU-00179-00035216-00035462 pom souffle which is not a souffle in
CxxVn8WUoZU-00180-00035463-00035599 the way that you think of
CxxVn8WUoZU-00181-00035600-00035830 the category of dishes that are souffles
CxxVn8WUoZU-00182-00035831-00036015 or souffles but rather a souffle
CxxVn8WUoZU-00183-00036016-00036239 in the meaning of the word souffle which
CxxVn8WUoZU-00184-00036240-00036327 is
CxxVn8WUoZU-00185-00036328-00036551 to puff or inflate something palm
CxxVn8WUoZU-00186-00036552-00036735 souffle is really just taking
CxxVn8WUoZU-00187-00036736-00037015 thin slices of potato and frying it in a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00188-00037016-00037111 particular way
CxxVn8WUoZU-00189-00037112-00037318 so that it will puff so i started by
CxxVn8WUoZU-00190-00037319-00037415 selecting some
CxxVn8WUoZU-00191-00037416-00037727 choice potatoes and trimming them into
CxxVn8WUoZU-00192-00037728-00038030 rectangles of even height and shape
CxxVn8WUoZU-00193-00038031-00038295 i then took the mandolin and shaved a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00194-00038296-00038343 couple
CxxVn8WUoZU-00195-00038344-00038718 of test slices at different thicknesses
CxxVn8WUoZU-00196-00038719-00038999 this technique turns out quite difficult
CxxVn8WUoZU-00197-00039000-00039127 the first fry
CxxVn8WUoZU-00198-00039128-00039390 is intended to develop like a skin on
CxxVn8WUoZU-00199-00039391-00039574 the outside of this potato slice
CxxVn8WUoZU-00200-00039575-00039790 and then on the second fry with the
CxxVn8WUoZU-00201-00039791-00039927 higher temperature
CxxVn8WUoZU-00202-00039928-00040199 it should rapidly inflate with the steam
CxxVn8WUoZU-00203-00040200-00040383 that's created inside
CxxVn8WUoZU-00204-00040384-00040590 the rectangle shape just turned into a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00205-00040591-00040774 potato chip it was a very good potato
CxxVn8WUoZU-00206-00040775-00040815 chip
CxxVn8WUoZU-00207-00040816-00041102 you could see in small areas where it
CxxVn8WUoZU-00208-00041103-00041358 wanted to inflate but didn't quite
CxxVn8WUoZU-00209-00041359-00041630 work and so i quickly gave up on the
CxxVn8WUoZU-00210-00041631-00041887 rectangle shape and instead tried to use
CxxVn8WUoZU-00211-00041888-00042199 a little pastry tip to cut out a circle
CxxVn8WUoZU-00212-00042200-00042535 so the small circle actually did
CxxVn8WUoZU-00213-00042536-00042799 puff into a sphere but i thought this
CxxVn8WUoZU-00214-00042800-00042855 was
CxxVn8WUoZU-00215-00042856-00043095 overall too small and and didn't really
CxxVn8WUoZU-00216-00043096-00043230 work so i found
CxxVn8WUoZU-00217-00043231-00043583 a cookie cutter to get a large coin
CxxVn8WUoZU-00218-00043584-00043646 sized
CxxVn8WUoZU-00219-00043647-00043855 shape i also mandolined them a little
CxxVn8WUoZU-00220-00043856-00043967 bit thicker
CxxVn8WUoZU-00221-00043968-00044167 and then this was a matter of playing
CxxVn8WUoZU-00222-00044168-00044367 with the temperatures of the first fry
CxxVn8WUoZU-00223-00044368-00044518 and the second fry
CxxVn8WUoZU-00224-00044519-00044799 until i started seeing something happen
CxxVn8WUoZU-00225-00044800-00044846 and
CxxVn8WUoZU-00226-00044847-00045055 ultimately i went through a ton of
CxxVn8WUoZU-00227-00045056-00045318 potatoes and a ton of tests
CxxVn8WUoZU-00228-00045319-00045567 and this was kind of a fail for me i
CxxVn8WUoZU-00229-00045568-00045790 ended up getting one that was
CxxVn8WUoZU-00230-00045791-00046055 pretty good not great kind of the size
CxxVn8WUoZU-00231-00046056-00046143 and shape
CxxVn8WUoZU-00232-00046144-00046455 of a macaron i think my issue was that
CxxVn8WUoZU-00233-00046456-00046751 the second fry oil because i was trying
CxxVn8WUoZU-00234-00046752-00046902 to control it in this dutch
CxxVn8WUoZU-00235-00046903-00047174 oven i don't think it was uniformly hot
CxxVn8WUoZU-00236-00047175-00047223 enough
CxxVn8WUoZU-00237-00047224-00047535 to get that sort of rapid inflation but
CxxVn8WUoZU-00238-00047536-00047630 ultimately
CxxVn8WUoZU-00239-00047631-00047743 it's really just something that's
CxxVn8WUoZU-00240-00047744-00047943 intended to be a garnish
CxxVn8WUoZU-00241-00047944-00048255 overall a fail for me but i ended up
CxxVn8WUoZU-00242-00048256-00048399 with a bunch of potato chips that were
CxxVn8WUoZU-00243-00048400-00048471 quite good
CxxVn8WUoZU-00244-00048472-00048630 so the next recipe i actually came
CxxVn8WUoZU-00245-00048631-00048943 across on jacques pan's instagram page
CxxVn8WUoZU-00246-00048944-00049295 and it's called pom which means
CxxVn8WUoZU-00247-00049296-00049607 golden mountain of potato how fantastic
CxxVn8WUoZU-00248-00049608-00049671 is that
CxxVn8WUoZU-00249-00049672-00049799 over the course of making these other
CxxVn8WUoZU-00250-00049800-00050071 dishes i had a lot of trimmed potato
CxxVn8WUoZU-00251-00050072-00050135 sections
CxxVn8WUoZU-00252-00050136-00050374 which i saved to make mashed potatoes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00253-00050375-00050558 but to complete this dish i needed to
CxxVn8WUoZU-00254-00050559-00050807 mash some more so i cubed them boiled
CxxVn8WUoZU-00255-00050808-00050958 them and mashed them
CxxVn8WUoZU-00256-00050959-00051190 with butter salt and pepper so i have my
CxxVn8WUoZU-00257-00051191-00051358 leftover mashed potatoes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00258-00051359-00051670 into which goes a few eggs some shredded
CxxVn8WUoZU-00259-00051671-00051823 gruyere cheese
CxxVn8WUoZU-00260-00051824-00052063 put it into a buttered casserole dish
CxxVn8WUoZU-00261-00052064-00052150 and
CxxVn8WUoZU-00262-00052151-00052390 top it with some parmesan cheese this
CxxVn8WUoZU-00263-00052391-00052535 then goes into the oven
CxxVn8WUoZU-00264-00052536-00052854 400 degrees 30-ish minutes but you can
CxxVn8WUoZU-00265-00052855-00052982 see how much this thing
CxxVn8WUoZU-00266-00052983-00053319 puffs in the oven and you have truly
CxxVn8WUoZU-00267-00053320-00053566 this golden mountain of potatoes and
CxxVn8WUoZU-00268-00053567-00053671 this was
CxxVn8WUoZU-00269-00053672-00053959 great i mean the smell of that sort of
CxxVn8WUoZU-00270-00053960-00054015 baked
CxxVn8WUoZU-00271-00054016-00054382 cheese on the outside fluffy scoop of
CxxVn8WUoZU-00272-00054383-00054463 potato
CxxVn8WUoZU-00273-00054464-00054694 fun fact uh i thought i was grating
CxxVn8WUoZU-00274-00054695-00054799 parmesan but
CxxVn8WUoZU-00275-00054800-00055103 in my rush i ended up grating pecorino
CxxVn8WUoZU-00276-00055104-00055279 which has a much higher melting point
CxxVn8WUoZU-00277-00055279-00055526 which is why the cheese on top
CxxVn8WUoZU-00278-00055527-00055775 is uh melted in some places not in
CxxVn8WUoZU-00279-00055776-00055959 others i think this would have been
CxxVn8WUoZU-00280-00055960-00056294 even better had i made really smooth
CxxVn8WUoZU-00281-00056295-00056519 mashed potatoes overall it was still
CxxVn8WUoZU-00282-00056520-00056638 very good
CxxVn8WUoZU-00283-00056639-00056975 and felt like a great way to turn
CxxVn8WUoZU-00284-00056976-00057311 just a potato into something a lot more
CxxVn8WUoZU-00285-00057312-00057575 with not that much effort the final dish
CxxVn8WUoZU-00286-00057576-00057638 is called
CxxVn8WUoZU-00287-00057639-00057935 potato pave which is from chef thomas
CxxVn8WUoZU-00288-00057936-00057982 keller
CxxVn8WUoZU-00289-00057983-00058150 and you can actually find this recipe in
CxxVn8WUoZU-00290-00058151-00058342 his ad hoc at home
CxxVn8WUoZU-00291-00058344-00058511 book and so this one really appealed to
CxxVn8WUoZU-00292-00058512-00058687 me because it's combining
CxxVn8WUoZU-00293-00058688-00058999 a lot of the elements of the previous
CxxVn8WUoZU-00294-00059000-00059279 dishes we're going to have thin crispy
CxxVn8WUoZU-00295-00059279-00059359 layers
CxxVn8WUoZU-00296-00059360-00059679 but also a creamy flavored
CxxVn8WUoZU-00297-00059679-00059871 inside so we're going to be mandolining
CxxVn8WUoZU-00298-00059872-00060150 potato and layering it in a loaf tin
CxxVn8WUoZU-00299-00060151-00060319 so i wanted to make sure that the size
CxxVn8WUoZU-00300-00060320-00060511 of the potatoes would be appropriate
CxxVn8WUoZU-00301-00060512-00060759 so you slice a crap ton of potatoes and
CxxVn8WUoZU-00302-00060760-00060871 these slices then
CxxVn8WUoZU-00303-00060872-00061175 go into a bowl of cream
CxxVn8WUoZU-00304-00061176-00061366 that's seasoned with salt and pepper i
CxxVn8WUoZU-00305-00061367-00061487 then took care
CxxVn8WUoZU-00306-00061488-00061799 to cut parchment for this loaf tin if
CxxVn8WUoZU-00307-00061800-00061975 this doesn't unmold later on you're
CxxVn8WUoZU-00308-00061976-00062071 really in trouble
CxxVn8WUoZU-00309-00062072-00062215 so next we're layering the potato in the
CxxVn8WUoZU-00310-00062216-00062406 loaf tin overlapping slightly
CxxVn8WUoZU-00311-00062407-00062615 and as you're layering you're putting
CxxVn8WUoZU-00312-00062616-00062735 these little nubs
CxxVn8WUoZU-00313-00062736-00062950 of butter so that you have the presence
CxxVn8WUoZU-00314-00062951-00063126 of some fat for when it's cooking in the
CxxVn8WUoZU-00315-00063127-00063166 oven
CxxVn8WUoZU-00316-00063167-00063350 so if you find a video of thomas keller
CxxVn8WUoZU-00317-00063351-00063566 making this dish the potato slices are
CxxVn8WUoZU-00318-00063567-00063606 these
CxxVn8WUoZU-00319-00063607-00063887 dead even rectangles that perfectly fit
CxxVn8WUoZU-00320-00063888-00063975 the tin
CxxVn8WUoZU-00321-00063976-00064142 my potatoes are kind of all over the
CxxVn8WUoZU-00322-00064144-00064391 place i started shifting my potato up to
CxxVn8WUoZU-00323-00064391-00064479 the perimeter
CxxVn8WUoZU-00324-00064479-00064806 to evenly cover as best i could
CxxVn8WUoZU-00325-00064807-00064991 eventually the center is going to be a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00326-00064991-00065142 little higher so i ended up taking some
CxxVn8WUoZU-00327-00065144-00065230 slices
CxxVn8WUoZU-00328-00065232-00065391 trimming them and then putting them
CxxVn8WUoZU-00329-00065391-00065582 around the perimeter of the dish
CxxVn8WUoZU-00330-00065583-00065871 to get the height more even and then i
CxxVn8WUoZU-00331-00065872-00066015 continued with some big
CxxVn8WUoZU-00332-00066016-00066287 even slices to kind of make sure that
CxxVn8WUoZU-00333-00066288-00066455 everything was sticking together
CxxVn8WUoZU-00334-00066456-00066671 eventually you fill up this entire tin
CxxVn8WUoZU-00335-00066672-00066823 with potatoes then covered it in
CxxVn8WUoZU-00336-00066824-00067023 parchment and then it goes in the oven
CxxVn8WUoZU-00337-00067024-00067231 and then you're just slowly cooking this
CxxVn8WUoZU-00338-00067232-00067375 loaf of potatoes
CxxVn8WUoZU-00339-00067376-00067599 until it's tender all the way through
CxxVn8WUoZU-00340-00067600-00067791 and again i'm using this cake tester
CxxVn8WUoZU-00341-00067792-00067991 and with this fine piece of metal you
CxxVn8WUoZU-00342-00067992-00068103 can really feel
CxxVn8WUoZU-00343-00068104-00068455 each layer pop and you can see
CxxVn8WUoZU-00344-00068456-00068647 how it's doing in the middle versus the
CxxVn8WUoZU-00345-00068648-00068775 sides and so forth
CxxVn8WUoZU-00346-00068776-00068991 once i was satisfied with its tenderness
CxxVn8WUoZU-00347-00068992-00069175 it cooled out on a rack for a bit and
CxxVn8WUoZU-00348-00069176-00069359 then it went in my refrigerator
CxxVn8WUoZU-00349-00069360-00069694 overnight the next day you unmold this
CxxVn8WUoZU-00350-00069695-00069959 loaf of potato it's really pretty
CxxVn8WUoZU-00351-00069960-00070119 incredible you just have
CxxVn8WUoZU-00352-00070120-00070494 a brick of potato so to serve this dish
CxxVn8WUoZU-00353-00070495-00070735 you trim off the ends cutting a nice
CxxVn8WUoZU-00354-00070736-00070871 thick slab
CxxVn8WUoZU-00355-00070872-00071247 squaring that off into the rectangles
CxxVn8WUoZU-00356-00071248-00071423 which will ultimately be your
CxxVn8WUoZU-00357-00071424-00071750 pave and so pave is a reference to like
CxxVn8WUoZU-00358-00071751-00072023 a paving stone which is what the final
CxxVn8WUoZU-00359-00072024-00072079 dish
CxxVn8WUoZU-00360-00072080-00072359 is meant to resemble it's like little
CxxVn8WUoZU-00361-00072360-00072423 bricks
CxxVn8WUoZU-00362-00072424-00072662 of potato i've had some beef tallow
CxxVn8WUoZU-00363-00072663-00072903 hanging around so i used some of that
CxxVn8WUoZU-00364-00072904-00073150 in the pan much like you would cook a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00365-00073151-00073294 protein like a steak
CxxVn8WUoZU-00366-00073295-00073567 there's a clove of crushed garlic and
CxxVn8WUoZU-00367-00073568-00073679 some thyme
CxxVn8WUoZU-00368-00073680-00073887 as they become golden on one side
CxxVn8WUoZU-00369-00073888-00074047 flipping it to the next
CxxVn8WUoZU-00370-00074048-00074479 and repeating until done
CxxVn8WUoZU-00371-00074480-00074791 and there are my paves i also minced
CxxVn8WUoZU-00372-00074792-00075143 some chives and these things
CxxVn8WUoZU-00373-00075144-00075335 are mesmerizing you get to make like
CxxVn8WUoZU-00374-00075336-00075519 this little stone hinge
CxxVn8WUoZU-00375-00075520-00075806 of potatoes around your plate and man
CxxVn8WUoZU-00376-00075807-00075911 these things were great
CxxVn8WUoZU-00377-00075912-00076247 i mean it tastes like a fancy hash brown
CxxVn8WUoZU-00378-00076248-00076487 and all things considered even though
CxxVn8WUoZU-00379-00076488-00076623 it's a little bit fussy it's a little
CxxVn8WUoZU-00380-00076624-00076799 bit finicky to put together
CxxVn8WUoZU-00381-00076800-00077038 not that difficult your active cooking
CxxVn8WUoZU-00382-00077039-00077215 time is really not that
CxxVn8WUoZU-00383-00077216-00077391 much but if you wanted to make something
CxxVn8WUoZU-00384-00077392-00077531 that was a little bit more
CxxVn8WUoZU-00385-00077532-00077815 showstoppery to put on the side of a
CxxVn8WUoZU-00386-00077816-00078023 holiday meal or something like that
CxxVn8WUoZU-00387-00078024-00078167 i would totally make these and they
CxxVn8WUoZU-00388-00078168-00078343 tasted so good you get the crispy
CxxVn8WUoZU-00389-00078344-00078423 outside
CxxVn8WUoZU-00390-00078424-00078655 and then it just flakes apart and you
CxxVn8WUoZU-00391-00078656-00078750 get like this
CxxVn8WUoZU-00392-00078751-00079143 creamy tender inside it's tremendous
CxxVn8WUoZU-00393-00079144-00079494 so i used 25 pounds of potatoes actually
CxxVn8WUoZU-00394-00079495-00079855 i came to this short so when packing
CxxVn8WUoZU-00395-00079856-00080031 leftovers from my friends
CxxVn8WUoZU-00396-00080032-00080223 i threw a couple potatoes in the bag
CxxVn8WUoZU-00397-00080224-00080382 maybe they can watch this video and try
CxxVn8WUoZU-00398-00080383-00080575 some of the recipes for themselves
CxxVn8WUoZU-00399-00080576-00080988 well thanks for watching and uh pom
CxxVn8WUoZU-00400-00080989-00081282 [Music]
CxxVn8WUoZU-00401-00081283-00081566 voyage
CxxVn8WUoZU-00402-00081567-00082015 [Music]
CxxVn8WUoZU-00403-00082016-00082224 you
CzzWrF8ijSk-00000-00000192-00000315 foreign
CzzWrF8ijSk-00001-00000316-00000517 [Music]
CzzWrF8ijSk-00002-00000518-00000743 and lived most of my life in South
CzzWrF8ijSk-00003-00000744-00000919 Africa
CzzWrF8ijSk-00004-00000919-00001327 my formative years as a teenager
CzzWrF8ijSk-00005-00001328-00001739 was doing apartheid when the Soweto
CzzWrF8ijSk-00006-00001739-00002021 uprisings took place in 1976.
CzzWrF8ijSk-00007-00002022-00002410 I was completing my high school I saw
CzzWrF8ijSk-00008-00002411-00002747 firsthand the brutality of the apartheid
CzzWrF8ijSk-00009-00002748-00002887 police
CzzWrF8ijSk-00010-00002888-00003142 students were often demonstrating
CzzWrF8ijSk-00011-00003143-00003401 against apartheid against the Injustice
CzzWrF8ijSk-00012-00003402-00003640 of heart rate against the arrest
CzzWrF8ijSk-00013-00003642-00003875 Detention of students the torture the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00014-00003876-00004061 killings that were taking place
CzzWrF8ijSk-00015-00004061-00004336 and then joined those demonstrations and
CzzWrF8ijSk-00016-00004337-00004595 the moment that's that really made me
CzzWrF8ijSk-00017-00004596-00004715 very angry
CzzWrF8ijSk-00018-00004716-00004967 was when the police officer chased a
CzzWrF8ijSk-00019-00004968-00005117 pregnant student
CzzWrF8ijSk-00020-00005118-00005369 uh down an embankment
CzzWrF8ijSk-00021-00005370-00005711 and as she fell he beat her with his
CzzWrF8ijSk-00022-00005712-00005843 baton
CzzWrF8ijSk-00023-00005844-00006215 and at that moment I realized that I
CzzWrF8ijSk-00024-00006216-00006641 felt a sense of helplessness a sense
CzzWrF8ijSk-00025-00006642-00006791 that I couldn't help her I couldn't help
CzzWrF8ijSk-00026-00006792-00007289 myself
CzzWrF8ijSk-00027-00007290-00007559 it was that moment that triggered me
CzzWrF8ijSk-00028-00007559-00007727 from realizing that I had to do
CzzWrF8ijSk-00029-00007728-00008014 something and that made me realize that
CzzWrF8ijSk-00030-00008015-00008351 I wanted to be a human rights lawyer
CzzWrF8ijSk-00031-00008352-00008603 um growing up in South Africa in an
CzzWrF8ijSk-00032-00008604-00008963 apartheid system that was riddled from
CzzWrF8ijSk-00033-00008964-00009203 with Injustice from the time you were
CzzWrF8ijSk-00034-00009204-00009292 born
CzzWrF8ijSk-00035-00009293-00009599 until the time you died that level of
CzzWrF8ijSk-00036-00009600-00009864 Injustice was a systemic
CzzWrF8ijSk-00037-00009865-00010123 designed Injustice
CzzWrF8ijSk-00038-00010124-00010505 that was intended to to keep black
CzzWrF8ijSk-00039-00010506-00010792 people under the feet of white South
CzzWrF8ijSk-00040-00010793-00010978 Africans
CzzWrF8ijSk-00041-00010979-00011201 um and seeing that Injustice propelled
CzzWrF8ijSk-00042-00011202-00011495 me to become a human rights lawyer
CzzWrF8ijSk-00043-00011496-00011819 um and of course in South Africa at the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00044-00011820-00012167 time we could not study human rights
CzzWrF8ijSk-00045-00012168-00012419 um Human Rights was not offered as a
CzzWrF8ijSk-00046-00012420-00012755 university course it was forbidden
CzzWrF8ijSk-00047-00012756-00013091 um I had to go to the U.S to do my
CzzWrF8ijSk-00048-00013091-00013325 masters in human rights
CzzWrF8ijSk-00049-00013326-00013558 um and when I returned the situation was
CzzWrF8ijSk-00050-00013559-00013865 changing a bit I returned
CzzWrF8ijSk-00051-00013866-00014093 um around 1989 the situation was
CzzWrF8ijSk-00052-00014094-00014338 changing a bit there was talk of the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00053-00014340-00014615 release of Nelson Mandela who had been
CzzWrF8ijSk-00054-00014616-00014836 in prison for 27 years and other leaders
CzzWrF8ijSk-00055-00014837-00015119 of the ANC so the legal Avenue was the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00056-00015119-00015558 best Avenue in terms of in terms of
CzzWrF8ijSk-00057-00015559-00015863 redressing the the violence that has
CzzWrF8ijSk-00058-00015863-00016133 perpetuated by the apartheid system the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00059-00016134-00016769 apartheid system was incredibly violent
CzzWrF8ijSk-00060-00016770-00017129 I was very fortunate in that I you know
CzzWrF8ijSk-00061-00017130-00017344 received training in the US I was able
CzzWrF8ijSk-00062-00017345-00017657 to work in in the UK and I brought that
CzzWrF8ijSk-00063-00017658-00017885 knowledge back to South Africa to help
CzzWrF8ijSk-00064-00017886-00018221 me to fight the Injustice uh through my
CzzWrF8ijSk-00065-00018222-00018479 work in in human rights another
CzzWrF8ijSk-00066-00018480-00018761 important aspect was to empower people
CzzWrF8ijSk-00067-00018762-00018905 um and I was involved in human rights
CzzWrF8ijSk-00068-00018906-00019144 education uh training people at the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00069-00019145-00019397 Grassroots level part of what drives me
CzzWrF8ijSk-00070-00019398-00019679 in human rights is trying to make that
CzzWrF8ijSk-00071-00019680-00020327 small difference in people's lives
CzzWrF8ijSk-00072-00020328-00020603 the voice of the UN is incredibly
CzzWrF8ijSk-00073-00020604-00020730 powerful
CzzWrF8ijSk-00074-00020731-00021071 in an environment with considerable
CzzWrF8ijSk-00075-00021072-00021443 amount of conflict of strife of civil
CzzWrF8ijSk-00076-00021444-00021779 and unrest and suffering I think the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00077-00021780-00022121 un's voice has to be constant on the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00078-00022122-00022361 side of victims of of human rights
CzzWrF8ijSk-00079-00022362-00022494 violations
CzzWrF8ijSk-00080-00022495-00022841 for me the most exciting moments are
CzzWrF8ijSk-00081-00022842-00023200 when I'm conducting an investigation on
CzzWrF8ijSk-00082-00023201-00023386 the ground
CzzWrF8ijSk-00083-00023387-00023686 um I'm in the field in the place where
CzzWrF8ijSk-00084-00023687-00023963 violations have occurred and a meeting
CzzWrF8ijSk-00085-00023964-00024227 with victims and Witnesses and people
CzzWrF8ijSk-00086-00024228-00024580 who have gone through incredibly
CzzWrF8ijSk-00087-00024581-00024850 traumatic events
CzzWrF8ijSk-00088-00024851-00025075 um either themselves having suffered
CzzWrF8ijSk-00089-00025076-00025463 Serious injury or harm or psychological
CzzWrF8ijSk-00090-00025464-00025750 trauma or having seen some of the family
CzzWrF8ijSk-00091-00025751-00025984 members being injured or maimed or
CzzWrF8ijSk-00092-00025985-00026081 killed
CzzWrF8ijSk-00093-00026082-00026411 it humbles me it humbles me to speak to
CzzWrF8ijSk-00094-00026412-00026693 such people because they selflessly
CzzWrF8ijSk-00095-00026694-00026873 share their stories
CzzWrF8ijSk-00096-00026874-00027083 and they share the grief
CzzWrF8ijSk-00097-00027083-00027479 and they share the the evidence with us
CzzWrF8ijSk-00098-00027480-00027712 in the hope that something will change
CzzWrF8ijSk-00099-00027713-00028212 tomorrow
CzzWrF8ijSk-00100-00028213-00028474 sometimes we betray them
CzzWrF8ijSk-00101-00028475-00028829 because we take that information
CzzWrF8ijSk-00102-00028830-00029093 we put it in a public report
CzzWrF8ijSk-00103-00029094-00029399 and then nothing happens for me that is
CzzWrF8ijSk-00104-00029400-00029711 the most disheartening part of my job
CzzWrF8ijSk-00105-00029712-00029920 I know that
CzzWrF8ijSk-00106-00029922-00030089 my role
CzzWrF8ijSk-00107-00030089-00030502 in the human rights field is limited the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00108-00030504-00030868 role of U.N human rights is limited
CzzWrF8ijSk-00109-00030869-00031157 but the political actors out there who
CzzWrF8ijSk-00110-00031158-00031457 have the power and the ability to do
CzzWrF8ijSk-00111-00031458-00031596 something
CzzWrF8ijSk-00112-00031597-00031957 repeatedly fail victims
CzzWrF8ijSk-00113-00031958-00032273 repeatedly failed those who have gone
CzzWrF8ijSk-00114-00032274-00032561 through a traumatic situation and place
CzzWrF8ijSk-00115-00032562-00032746 all their hope
CzzWrF8ijSk-00116-00032747-00033077 in those governments those institutions
CzzWrF8ijSk-00117-00033078-00033665 that can really do something
CzzWrF8ijSk-00118-00033666-00033889 what is most
CzzWrF8ijSk-00119-00033890-00034174 rewarding for me
CzzWrF8ijSk-00120-00034175-00034343 is when
CzzWrF8ijSk-00121-00034344-00034607 pieces of a puzzle fall together for me
CzzWrF8ijSk-00122-00034608-00034846 an investigation is like a puzzle
CzzWrF8ijSk-00123-00034847-00035027 when you're collecting pieces of
CzzWrF8ijSk-00124-00035028-00035212 information
CzzWrF8ijSk-00125-00035213-00035446 from individuals
CzzWrF8ijSk-00126-00035447-00035705 from evidence that you see on the ground
CzzWrF8ijSk-00127-00035706-00035974 the site of a human rights violation
CzzWrF8ijSk-00128-00035975-00036262 from documentary information and pieces
CzzWrF8ijSk-00129-00036263-00036479 fall in place when I was doing the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00130-00036480-00036731 investigation in Libya
CzzWrF8ijSk-00131-00036732-00037195 at the time that Gaddafi was overthrown
CzzWrF8ijSk-00132-00037196-00037607 one of those instances was when I
CzzWrF8ijSk-00133-00037608-00037702 interviewed
CzzWrF8ijSk-00134-00037703-00038074 a teacher who had been detained
CzzWrF8ijSk-00135-00038075-00038387 in the midst of Summer in a shipping
CzzWrF8ijSk-00136-00038388-00038779 container and was repeatedly beaten
CzzWrF8ijSk-00137-00038780-00039137 I saw the injuries I saw the marks on
CzzWrF8ijSk-00138-00039138-00039252 his back
CzzWrF8ijSk-00139-00039253-00039599 we had a medical doctor who confirmed
CzzWrF8ijSk-00140-00039600-00039946 that the marks were consistent with his
CzzWrF8ijSk-00141-00039947-00040157 testimony that he was beaten with the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00142-00040158-00040295 road
CzzWrF8ijSk-00143-00040296-00040577 we went we found the room where he was
CzzWrF8ijSk-00144-00040578-00040777 tortured
CzzWrF8ijSk-00145-00040778-00041074 we found the cable ties with which he
CzzWrF8ijSk-00146-00041075-00041327 was tied we found the piece of fabric
CzzWrF8ijSk-00147-00041328-00041693 with which was blindfolded the immensity
CzzWrF8ijSk-00148-00041694-00041915 of the suffering
CzzWrF8ijSk-00149-00041916-00042245 that he experienced was palpable in that
CzzWrF8ijSk-00150-00042246-00042599 room as we stood there with him pointing
CzzWrF8ijSk-00151-00042600-00042851 out all the evidence the physical
CzzWrF8ijSk-00152-00042852-00043230 evidence in that room of his torture
CzzWrF8ijSk-00153-00043231-00043535 he told me about the person who tortured
CzzWrF8ijSk-00154-00043536-00043618 him
CzzWrF8ijSk-00155-00043619-00043927 he described him in quite detail
CzzWrF8ijSk-00156-00043928-00044290 he gave me his name and the town from
CzzWrF8ijSk-00157-00044291-00044471 which he came
CzzWrF8ijSk-00158-00044472-00044795 and I recorded all of this Faithfully I
CzzWrF8ijSk-00159-00044796-00045040 owed it to him that I recorded his
CzzWrF8ijSk-00160-00045041-00045317 testimony Faithfully
CzzWrF8ijSk-00161-00045318-00045646 several months later on a return trip to
CzzWrF8ijSk-00162-00045647-00045808 Libya
CzzWrF8ijSk-00163-00045809-00045952 we
CzzWrF8ijSk-00164-00045953-00046445 by accident ended up at a prison
CzzWrF8ijSk-00165-00046446-00046762 run by an armed group
CzzWrF8ijSk-00166-00046763-00046990 and in there the commanding officer told
CzzWrF8ijSk-00167-00046991-00047207 us that there was a prisoner
CzzWrF8ijSk-00168-00047208-00047608 who had confessed to raping women
CzzWrF8ijSk-00169-00047609-00047885 he had been a soldier in the Gaddafi
CzzWrF8ijSk-00170-00047886-00048029 regime
CzzWrF8ijSk-00171-00048030-00048455 and a god called out the Soldier's name
CzzWrF8ijSk-00172-00048456-00048773 and I recognized the name
CzzWrF8ijSk-00173-00048774-00049061 and as he walked towards me
CzzWrF8ijSk-00174-00049062-00049295 I recognized the description the teacher
CzzWrF8ijSk-00175-00049296-00049468 had given me
CzzWrF8ijSk-00176-00049469-00049733 when I questioned him about him
CzzWrF8ijSk-00177-00049734-00050033 beating prisoners in this Detention
CzzWrF8ijSk-00178-00050034-00050308 Facility he confessed
CzzWrF8ijSk-00179-00050309-00050555 and he clearly remembered the teacher he
CzzWrF8ijSk-00180-00050556-00050674 had tortured
CzzWrF8ijSk-00181-00050675-00050999 and he said that he had done it because
CzzWrF8ijSk-00182-00051000-00051280 he was commanded by his Superior
CzzWrF8ijSk-00183-00051282-00051838 officers to do so
CzzWrF8ijSk-00184-00051839-00052126 that record
CzzWrF8ijSk-00185-00052127-00052264 may help
CzzWrF8ijSk-00186-00052265-00052547 to bring to Justice
CzzWrF8ijSk-00187-00052548-00052991 perpetrators of heinous crimes
CzzWrF8ijSk-00188-00052991-00053404 as we have seen in Sweden in Germany
CzzWrF8ijSk-00189-00053405-00053704 where Syrian Asylum Seekers have been
CzzWrF8ijSk-00190-00053705-00053837 prosecuted
CzzWrF8ijSk-00191-00053838-00054061 for torture
CzzWrF8ijSk-00192-00054062-00054382 committed in Syria
CzzWrF8ijSk-00193-00054383-00054641 on the basis of testimonies that the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00194-00054641-00054971 United Nations has gathered
CzzWrF8ijSk-00195-00054972-00055276 Justice and accountability
CzzWrF8ijSk-00196-00055277-00055619 is a long arduous process
CzzWrF8ijSk-00197-00055620-00055937 it often takes many many decades before
CzzWrF8ijSk-00198-00055938-00056165 Justice is achieved
CzzWrF8ijSk-00199-00056166-00056399 many victims are witnesses
CzzWrF8ijSk-00200-00056400-00056644 live many decades and die
CzzWrF8ijSk-00201-00056645-00057023 and still don't see Justice
CzzWrF8ijSk-00202-00057024-00057365 this is not the fault of Human Rights or
CzzWrF8ijSk-00203-00057366-00057532 human rights investigators or human
CzzWrF8ijSk-00204-00057533-00057779 rights investigations
CzzWrF8ijSk-00205-00057779-00057976 the responsibility lies with the
CzzWrF8ijSk-00206-00057977-00058187 political powers
CzzWrF8ijSk-00207-00058188-00058450 that do not have the political will
CzzWrF8ijSk-00208-00058451-00058816 to investigate and prosecute serious
CzzWrF8ijSk-00209-00058817-00059363 International crimes
CzzWrF8ijSk-00210-00059364-00059675 human rights are Universal
CzzWrF8ijSk-00211-00059676-00060041 they are not the prerogative of the rich
CzzWrF8ijSk-00212-00060041-00060323 or the wealthy or the educated
CzzWrF8ijSk-00213-00060324-00060682 or or just of Human Rights activists
CzzWrF8ijSk-00214-00060683-00061013 human rights knowledge and education is
CzzWrF8ijSk-00215-00061014-00061276 incredibly empowering ensuring that
CzzWrF8ijSk-00216-00061277-00061421 communities
CzzWrF8ijSk-00217-00061422-00061721 and Community organizations Empower
CzzWrF8ijSk-00218-00061722-00062003 themselves and Empower those around them
CzzWrF8ijSk-00219-00062004-00062357 right now there's an urgency for us to
CzzWrF8ijSk-00220-00062358-00062819 deal with human rights situations
CzzWrF8ijSk-00221-00062820-00063120 foreign
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00000-00000107-00000348 foreign
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00001-00000349-00001841 [Music]
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00002-00001842-00002152 and welcome this morning such a gorgeous
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00003-00002153-00002357 morning to be talking about gorgeous
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00004-00002358-00002597 books with an amazing audience I'm
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00005-00002598-00002855 loving the fact that it's going to fill
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00006-00002856-00002963 up
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00007-00002964-00003269 because we have incredibly talented
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00008-00003270-00003677 incredibly valuable assets of the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00009-00003678-00003983 literary World on stage here with me
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00010-00003984-00004181 I'd like you to present to you Grace
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00011-00004182-00004475 Nichols whose passport to here and there
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00012-00004476-00004727 is the latest book by this prolific and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00013-00004728-00004906 acclaimed Guyanese writer and playwright
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00014-00004907-00005141 and the most recent recipient of the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00015-00005142-00005429 Queen's gold medal for poetry her first
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00016-00005430-00005695 collection I is a long memory woman from
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00017-00005696-00006041 1983 won the Commonwealth poetry poetry
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00018-00006042-00006227 prize
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00019-00006228-00006377 that that's
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00020-00006378-00006653 the greatest sorry Grace I'd like your
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00021-00006654-00007237 pardon this is Grace please
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00022-00007238-00007459 foreign
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00023-00007459-00007787 Jenkins is the person I was misnaming
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00024-00007788-00008027 there uh her Memoir The Stranger who was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00025-00008028-00008303 myself is a Trinidadian author's latest
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00026-00008304-00008542 book her debut novel The Righteous place
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00027-00008543-00008771 was shortlisted for the Royal Society of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00028-00008772-00009071 literature Christopher Bland prize and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00029-00009072-00009317 that's Barbara hello
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00030-00009318-00009724 [Applause]
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00031-00009725-00010042 and Ira matter is a debut author of love
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00032-00010043-00010306 the dark days it's a memoir about the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00033-00010307-00010541 emotional ruins of the Empire on three
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00034-00010542-00010769 generations of women set in Trinidad
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00035-00010770-00011045 Saint Lucia India and Britain and its
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00036-00011046-00011303 book ended by a weekend with the with
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00037-00011304-00011537 Derek Walcott welcome to you all and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00038-00011538-00011727 thank you so much
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00039-00011728-00012071 [Applause]
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00040-00012072-00012388 now I kind of terrified the organizers
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00041-00012389-00012749 of this um meeting and this Gathering by
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00042-00012750-00012946 telling them that I had no idea where to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00043-00012947-00013175 start with anything because there was so
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00044-00013176-00013457 much and and so many questions just
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00045-00013458-00013727 tumbled out of my brain as I was right
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00046-00013728-00013894 as I was reading your books this week
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00047-00013895-00014111 and can I just say that the books are
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00048-00014112-00014303 very very beautiful books beautiful
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00049-00014304-00014705 artifacts beautiful usable tangible
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00050-00014706-00014908 objects that you can
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00051-00014909-00015305 see and smell and and handle so buy them
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00052-00015306-00015533 don't Kindle it these are beautiful
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00053-00015534-00015838 books to have in your house so I'm going
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00054-00015840-00016211 to start actually by asking Grace to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00055-00016212-00016439 read a little bit about poetry we're
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00056-00016440-00016630 going to start with poetry because
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00057-00016631-00016835 the three books written that we've
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00058-00016836-00017015 discussing this morning
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00059-00017016-00017285 are essentially broadly called life
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00060-00017286-00017471 writing because they memoir
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00061-00017472-00017753 and they describe epic Journeys that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00062-00017754-00018022 were taken by the three people that you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00063-00018023-00018250 see sitting here and they've written
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00064-00018251-00018425 about those and we've all taken epic
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00065-00018426-00018557 Journeys I think just looking at the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00066-00018558-00018833 faces in this room our families our
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00067-00018834-00019049 ancestors have taken epic Journeys to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00068-00019050-00019241 bring us all here and we're going to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00069-00019242-00019499 find the connections between us in the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00070-00019500-00019594 books that we're going to be here
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00071-00019595-00019799 hearing about today and we're going to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00072-00019800-00020086 start with Grace's poetry Grace thank
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00073-00020087-00020417 you hi everyone it's wonderful to be
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00074-00020418-00020717 here as part of this great literary
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00075-00020718-00021019 Festival that's called bukas
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00076-00021020-00021239 and uh
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00077-00021240-00021593 the team broadly speaking as I was told
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00078-00021594-00022019 is displacement and Homeland so I'll try
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00079-00022020-00022483 to relate what I say my poems uh to that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00080-00022484-00022799 I was going to begin by reading from my
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00081-00022800-00023080 latest book passport here and there but
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00082-00023081-00023441 I feel this particular poem uh touches
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00083-00023442-00023807 on the heart of migration and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00084-00023808-00024011 displacement and home what's home
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00085-00024012-00024472 because like migration and home are like
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00086-00024473-00024899 two sides of the same coin and when you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00087-00024900-00025211 leave your Homeland you leave because of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00088-00025212-00025612 something in our case myself and the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00089-00025613-00025896 poor Johnny guard my husband
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00090-00025897-00026225 we left because we wanted to become a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00091-00026226-00026470 professional writers and to live off of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00092-00026472-00026837 our writing and Guyana do I love Guyana
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00093-00026838-00027052 dearly you've had no publishing house
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00094-00027054-00027346 and there was no way you could make a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00095-00027347-00027755 living as a writer so England uh you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00096-00027756-00027946 know Guyana was a British colony it
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00097-00027947-00028181 seemed very you know the obvious choice
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00098-00028182-00028462 and this particular poem I think touches
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00099-00028463-00028889 on a variety of feelings in a psychic
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00100-00028889-00029249 way like you know displacement and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00101-00029250-00029573 you're longing for whom
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00102-00029574-00029843 at the same time you know you you know
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00103-00029844-00030143 you need to be here to be able to make a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00104-00030144-00030323 living and I guess when I first came
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00105-00030324-00030749 here nearly 44 years ago uh it wasn't
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00106-00030750-00031018 with in my I didn't have in mind even
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00107-00031019-00031258 staying in England I didn't you know I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00108-00031260-00031507 just came I just followed John
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00109-00031508-00031835 and I came here and I felt you know
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00110-00031836-00032123 maybe I'll be here for a few years
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00111-00032124-00032381 but I'm I'm still here and this
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00112-00032382-00032627 particular poem was written a few years
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00113-00032627-00032981 after coming when sometimes people might
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00114-00032982-00033179 ask me are you going to go back home are
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00115-00033180-00033485 you staying in England so the poem tries
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00116-00033486-00033683 to answer that question
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00117-00033684-00034015 and uh a line in the poem
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00118-00034016-00034337 was inspired by the famous song by son
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00119-00034338-00034673 Sam Cooke where have I hung my hat
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00120-00034674-00035021 uh that's my home so I use that line in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00121-00035022-00035159 the swim
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00122-00035160-00035605 and it touches on our you know need for
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00123-00035606-00035999 going where you know psychically we feel
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00124-00036000-00036173 we can flourish
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00125-00036174-00036490 and make a living it's called wherever I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00126-00036491-00036731 hang
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00127-00036732-00037121 I leave my people my land my home
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00128-00037122-00037307 for reasons
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00129-00037308-00037552 are not too sure
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00130-00037553-00037859 I forsake the sun and the hummingbird
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00131-00037860-00038021 splendor
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00132-00038022-00038285 and pick up my new world self
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00133-00038286-00038807 and come to this place called England
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00134-00038808-00038957 at first
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00135-00038958-00039280 I feeling like I in dream
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00136-00039281-00039623 the Misty grayness a touching the walls
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00137-00039624-00039815 to see if they're real
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00138-00039816-00040096 the solid to the seam
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00139-00040097-00040373 and the people pouring From The
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00140-00040374-00040546 Underground system
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00141-00040547-00040757 like beans
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00142-00040758-00041093 and when I look up to the sky I see Lord
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00143-00041094-00041290 Nelson hi
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00144-00041291-00041680 too high to lie
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00145-00041681-00041849 and so
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00146-00041850-00042215 I sending home photos of myself among
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00147-00042216-00042629 the pigeons and the snow and so I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00148-00042630-00043018 warding off the colds under so little by
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00149-00043019-00043145 little
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00150-00043146-00043637 I come to change my Calypso ways
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00151-00043638-00043985 never visited never visited nobody
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00152-00043986-00044423 before giving them clear warning
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00153-00044424-00044771 and waiting to turn in queue
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00154-00044772-00045112 now after all this time
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00155-00045113-00045358 I still get accustomed to the English
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00156-00045359-00045599 life
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00157-00045600-00045862 but I'm still miss back home side
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00158-00045863-00046168 to tell you the truth I don't know
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00159-00046169-00046451 really where I belong
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00160-00046452-00046590 yes
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00161-00046591-00046849 divided to the ocean
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00162-00046850-00047107 divided to the Bone
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00163-00047108-00047495 wherever I hang my knickers that's my
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00164-00047496-00047790 hope
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00165-00047791-00048118 so I think that's dealing with it the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00166-00048119-00048358 vibration
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00167-00048359-00048652 yeah in a very complex way but put
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00168-00048653-00048893 humorously yeah
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00169-00048894-00049157 you you do it with with great ease the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00170-00049158-00049361 sense of moving from one place to the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00171-00049362-00049607 next and it was a choice for you to come
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00172-00049608-00050033 here right to move here so it wasn't a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00173-00050034-00050165 forced
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00174-00050166-00050435 um migration as it were as it was for
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00175-00050436-00050627 you Era for instance because you came as
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00176-00050628-00050885 a you you went to to to Trinidad as a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00177-00050886-00051130 child but I'm just touching on the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00178-00051131-00051329 different ways in which people moved I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00179-00051329-00051599 came here about 20 years ago and in my
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00180-00051600-00051880 mind it was also a choice and and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00181-00051882-00052246 Barbara you came as a as as a student
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00182-00052247-00052504 teacher you used to come but there's a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00183-00052505-00052787 backdrop of huge events that happen that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00184-00052788-00052961 we don't actually see when we're leaving
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00185-00052962-00053237 so Grace did you feel like that you were
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00186-00053238-00053429 part of a migration or did you feel like
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00187-00053429-00053591 it was an individual choice that you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00188-00053591-00053716 were making
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00189-00053717-00053975 yes it felt like part of a greater
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00190-00053976-00054191 migration because so many Caribbean
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00191-00054191-00054449 people and people from Guyana have moved
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00192-00054450-00054691 on you know whether it's the USA Canada
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00193-00054691-00054923 different parts of the Caribbean or
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00194-00054924-00055163 England so I think it's a kind of part
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00195-00055164-00055444 of the Restless type of spirit of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00196-00055445-00055738 Caribbean people that we have that you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00197-00055739-00056094 know we go for one reason or another
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00198-00056095-00056471 and we create a new home where we find
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00199-00056472-00057011 ourselves and in terms we help to change
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00200-00057012-00057280 the place that we're in through you know
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00201-00057282-00057499 uh
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00202-00057500-00057757 you know contributing to the culture
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00203-00057758-00058066 while at the same time we are changed as
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00204-00058067-00058385 people by that culture and then in terms
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00205-00058386-00058715 of diversity you know more and more
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00206-00058716-00059044 faces uh in our case we live in Sussex
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00207-00059045-00059315 and when we first moved there about
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00208-00059316-00059573 three months after living in England we
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00209-00059574-00059837 were like the only black faces or mixed
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00210-00059838-00060088 race faces around but gradually you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00211-00060089-00060430 began to see more and more people also
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00212-00060432-00060785 settling in Sussex so but at the same
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00213-00060786-00061073 time it was a conscious individual
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00214-00061074-00061403 choice of because both of uh both myself
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00215-00061404-00061654 and John worked at one of our national
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00216-00061655-00062021 newspapers as journalists and so you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00217-00062022-00062219 know we had that background in any case
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00218-00062220-00062530 and had already started writing like
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00219-00062532-00062861 poems and fiction so when we came here
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00220-00062862-00063250 it was specifically to be published and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00221-00063251-00063604 to develop us as writers because we
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00222-00063605-00063863 couldn't really do that in Guyana but I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00223-00063864-00064042 constantly go back because I still have
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00224-00064044-00064325 a brother and a sister who lives back in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00225-00064326-00064630 Guyana yeah um the coming and going I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00226-00064632-00064775 wonder because
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00227-00064776-00065015 I you find yourself
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00228-00065016-00065242 and there's a one of your poems you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00229-00065244-00065363 write about
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00230-00065364-00065621 how grounded you become here and the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00231-00065622-00065771 grounding becomes because of because you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00232-00065772-00065981 have a child and and you sort of hear
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00233-00065982-00066155 now yeah and then there's a point at
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00234-00066156-00066359 which when you're at when you're sort of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00235-00066360-00066563 back home in your back home mind yeah
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00236-00066564-00066913 where you're thinking actually here too
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00237-00066914-00067253 yes those moments I remember for me it
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00238-00067254-00067463 was and it was I felt I felt like I was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00239-00067464-00067679 betraying South Africa when I did that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00240-00067680-00067913 it was when I read I was in Johannesburg
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00241-00067914-00068129 beautiful sunny day eating mangoes
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00242-00068130-00068429 mangoes with salt Barbara You Are My
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00243-00068430-00068563 Tribe
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00244-00068564-00068903 I I was when I when I was missing the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00245-00068904-00069125 variety of tomatoes that you could get
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00246-00069126-00069359 here and this was only because it was in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00247-00069360-00069581 the last 10 years or so not in the early
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00248-00069582-00069743 90s when I first came and I suddenly
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00249-00069744-00069979 thought I'm a traitor because I'm
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00250-00069980-00070217 relinquishing something from home and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00251-00070218-00070432 missing something from here did it ever
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00252-00070433-00070594 feel like that to you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00253-00070595-00070853 yes and I think this little poem I'll
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00254-00070854-00071176 read for you uh quickly illustrates that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00255-00071177-00071417 because uh the last time I was home and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00256-00071418-00071687 it was about five years ago and I love
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00257-00071688-00071956 Boston spice mango yeah it's very
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00258-00071957-00072269 special Guyanese mango there there's no
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00259-00072270-00072563 other mango like like that I'm sure all
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00260-00072564-00072815 the parts of it of the Caribbean have
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00261-00072816-00073181 will be competition mangoes and I I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00262-00073182-00073438 think I had eaten and then she gave me a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00263-00073439-00073738 Big Mango and uh I think this
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00264-00073739-00073973 illustrates something of that because I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00265-00073974-00074267 do feel I have two homelands in a way
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00266-00074268-00074435 when I'm in Guyana
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00267-00074436-00074776 England becomes my home you know and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00268-00074777-00075076 when I meet here Guyana is my home and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00269-00075077-00075311 the why the Caribbean
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00270-00075312-00075761 so it's simply called apple and mango
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00271-00075762-00076019 one last home
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00272-00076020-00076235 trying to recover
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00273-00076236-00076444 some of the bright light
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00274-00076445-00076732 of my childhood days
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00275-00076733-00076900 my sister
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00276-00076901-00077237 through me the sudden gift of a Buxton
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00277-00077238-00077543 spice mango
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00278-00077544-00077693 I remember
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00279-00077694-00078125 how I peeled and sliced that plump orb
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00280-00078126-00078317 of sunshine
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00281-00078318-00078623 adding a sprinkling of salt
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00282-00078624-00079031 the way I liked it as a child
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00283-00079032-00079217 I remember how
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00284-00079218-00079511 she raised her eyes when I said I leave
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00285-00079512-00079876 back for Afters a slice
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00286-00079877-00080425 girl you can finish one mango
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00287-00080426-00080705 how could I have admitted
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00288-00080706-00080987 that I had to save that space
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00289-00080988-00081419 for the fruits of my upper back home
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00290-00081420-00081773 this rain and winter driven blighty
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00291-00081774-00081917 where
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00292-00081918-00082300 summery strawberry and apple and my
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00293-00082301-00082555 daughters all grew
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00294-00082556-00082973 so it just shows this the complexity you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00295-00082974-00083135 know what I mean as you say at times you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00296-00083136-00083411 feel a bit guilty you get to love the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00297-00083412-00083687 landscape you're in also like the Sussex
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00298-00083688-00083987 landscape where I live uh
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00299-00083988-00084250 the beautiful dunks and the White Cliffs
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00300-00084251-00084575 and you know you love that landscape but
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00301-00084576-00084785 you feel almost as though as you say
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00302-00084786-00085026 you're betraying your Homeland a bit by
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00303-00085027-00085450 loving another place yeah Dr Karen just
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00304-00085451-00085619 a little bit longer with this and please
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00305-00085620-00085882 we can answer each other yes if you if
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00306-00085883-00086093 you want to add to this as well because
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00307-00086094-00086387 the response of people from home to your
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00308-00086388-00086597 being there I feel like they're slightly
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00309-00086598-00086806 punitive you know like they want to they
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00310-00086807-00087041 punish you slightly for for leaving so
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00311-00087042-00087232 my my brothers for instance told me
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00312-00087233-00087485 about the weather here you know like oh
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00313-00087486-00087676 it's so awful you know it's it's sunny
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00314-00087677-00087844 here and all of that and sometimes I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00315-00087845-00088031 just feel like saying well listen uh
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00316-00088032-00088253 we've got regular lights here there's no
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00317-00088254-00088426 water shedding you know
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00318-00088427-00088771 I feel it's really cool to do that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00319-00088772-00089111 but I had to I had to clap back at some
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00320-00089112-00089291 point because I was made to feel so
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00321-00089292-00089603 guilty about that I want to ask you did
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00322-00089604-00089868 um did you did you feel that way I mean
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00323-00089869-00090262 you can you know answer yeah I I'm
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00324-00090263-00090629 finding so many parallels with Grace's
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00325-00090630-00091103 experience having left Trinidad in 1962
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00326-00091104-00091450 on actually Independence Day the 31st of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00327-00091451-00091667 August it wasn't planned like that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00328-00091668-00091882 Independence was announced after I had
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00329-00091883-00092135 bought my ticket but I was coming here
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00330-00092136-00092518 for a specific period of time I was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00331-00092519-00092765 coming here for three or four years to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00332-00092766-00092885 do a degree
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00333-00092886-00093191 on a government scholarship to go back
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00334-00093192-00093568 home and teach well Ten Years Later was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00335-00093569-00094121 when I finally went back when I was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00336-00094122-00094591 when I was made to go back uh or find
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00337-00094592-00094871 somehow the investment that the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00338-00094872-00095032 government had made in my further
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00339-00095033-00095350 education to pay back my scholarship so
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00340-00095351-00095585 I didn't have a real choice about going
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00341-00095586-00095944 back and as Grace was saying you grow to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00342-00095945-00096317 love your new place for all sorts of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00343-00096318-00096623 reasons I was at aberystrath at
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00344-00096624-00096935 University and then later at Cardiff I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00345-00096936-00097253 had got married to a fellow student and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00346-00097254-00097631 by then I had a small child who was as
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00347-00097632-00098125 Welsh as any child in Cardiff born in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00348-00098126-00098662 1969 and we were very happy there there
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00349-00098663-00098975 was no reason for me
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00350-00098976-00099294 to feel that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00351-00099295-00099755 I belonged anywhere else
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00352-00099756-00100000 there at that time of course there was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00353-00100001-00100391 no connection you had to go to a red
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00354-00100392-00100811 phone box to make an overseas call to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00355-00100812-00101171 speak to family back home so that the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00356-00101172-00101500 day-to-day connection that I now easily
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00357-00101501-00101803 have with my scattered family
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00358-00101804-00102179 did not happen and it created a huge
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00359-00102180-00102568 distance between my Trinidad life that I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00360-00102569-00102827 had left and the life in Wales that I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00361-00102828-00102977 was loving
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00362-00102978-00103330 so yeah it's a good time I think for us
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00363-00103331-00103768 to to hear a reading from you oh okay
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00364-00103769-00103901 um
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00365-00103902-00104182 I do not start by saying as I should
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00366-00104183-00104399 have how wonderful it is to be here so
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00367-00104400-00104597 I'm going to do that now it's
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00368-00104598-00104963 appropriate actually that I am in this
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00369-00104964-00105281 space for this for the last time I was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00370-00105282-00105551 in the UK several years ago and I was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00371-00105552-00105934 here to see the Windrush exhibition so
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00372-00105935-00106258 it's quite fitting that my return marks
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00373-00106259-00106571 that Epic Journey that you spoke about
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00374-00106572-00106781 earlier Audrey
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00375-00106782-00107093 and the book is called The Stranger who
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00376-00107094-00107219 was myself
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00377-00107220-00107645 because part of the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00378-00107646-00108058 part of the the person I am now arrived
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00379-00108059-00108539 here after an epic journey of self
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00380-00108540-00109043 who I am now is not who I was always
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00381-00109044-00109373 I hope I have grown and I hope I have
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00382-00109374-00109727 somewhat improved over time like good
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00383-00109728-00110177 wine but um so I'll tell you how awful I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00384-00110178-00110389 was sometimes
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00385-00110390-00110854 and this is about by return to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00386-00110855-00111154 aberystwyth after my first Christmas in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00387-00111155-00111533 the UK which I spent in London with
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00388-00111533-00111719 Trinidadian friends
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00389-00111720-00111958 but going back to Abba was going back to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00390-00111959-00112163 my the world to which I had become
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00391-00112164-00112486 accustomed so here we go
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00392-00112488-00112883 I went back to Abba and her talk that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00393-00112883-00113183 the sea had frozen over Christmas
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00394-00113183-00113381 the record for the lowest temperature in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00395-00113382-00113657 that part of Wales had been broken and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00396-00113658-00113878 throughout Britain it turned out to be
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00397-00113879-00114334 one of the bitterest winters on record
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00398-00114335-00114593 I also found that a box for me had been
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00399-00114594-00114851 delivered to Alexandra Hall
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00400-00114852-00115283 mommy had got a cardboard box maybe from
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00401-00115283-00115481 the shop across the road
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00402-00115482-00115727 and parked it sealed with the tape
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00403-00115728-00115954 around every Edge and across every
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00404-00115955-00116093 opening
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00405-00116094-00116428 then she'd wrapped it all at brown paper
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00406-00116429-00116728 and taped that up too
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00407-00116729-00117101 it took a full 10 minutes to open it and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00408-00117102-00117413 when I did for the first time in the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00409-00117414-00117683 more than four months of gradually
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00410-00117683-00117977 shedding my old life
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00411-00117978-00118397 and slowly adapting to the new space I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00412-00118398-00118607 was young to back home
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00413-00118608-00119069 and I sat on the floor and cried
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00414-00119070-00119357 mommy had sent black cake
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00415-00119358-00119752 sorely cure and punch a creme
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00416-00119753-00120066 I could see her soaking the dried fruit
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00417-00120067-00120413 in Cherry Brandy and rum in the big
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00418-00120414-00120736 stoneware jar for months in advance for
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00419-00120738-00120857 the cake
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00420-00120858-00121133 tearing the red fleshy sepals from the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00421-00121133-00121421 prickly seed parts of sorrow and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00422-00121422-00121769 steeping the sepals in rum to draw out
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00423-00121770-00121990 the color and flavor
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00424-00121991-00122290 training it after some weeks and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00425-00122291-00122513 bottling The headily Cure
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00426-00122514-00122866 whipping a dozen eggs into a form with a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00427-00122867-00123197 length of lime peel to cut the eggy
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00428-00123198-00123286 smell
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00429-00123288-00123571 and adding to it condensed milk
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00430-00123572-00123886 evaporated milk and rum for the bunch of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00431-00123888-00123983 cream
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00432-00123983-00124228 and pouring the mixture into a rum
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00433-00124229-00124690 bottle and caulking it tight tight
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00434-00124691-00124997 she wrapped each bottle in layers of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00435-00124998-00125152 newspapers
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00436-00125153-00125477 because it had a long way to go in the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00437-00125478-00125771 whole of a heaving ship
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00438-00125772-00125999 and packed them one by one in the Box
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00439-00126000-00126334 more newspapers crunched between the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00440-00126335-00126454 bottles
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00441-00126455-00126743 she would have checked the date for the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00442-00126744-00127060 last parcel post to England and had got
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00443-00127061-00127384 someone to drop her on the box to the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00444-00127385-00127702 post office mommy hugging the Box on her
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00445-00127703-00128039 lap mommy thinking of me
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00446-00128040-00128369 but unable to visualize what I looked
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00447-00128370-00128452 like
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00448-00128453-00128890 what I'd be wearing where I'd be and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00449-00128891-00129269 what there looked like
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00450-00129270-00129725 but maybe imagining my face my joy at
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00451-00129726-00130013 receiving the reminders of whom and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00452-00130014-00130469 proof of her love and her thoughtfulness
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00453-00130470-00130740 I pulled each bottle out of the box
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00454-00130741-00131051 unwrapped it the ruby red thoroughly
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00455-00131052-00131339 cure the creamy punch of cream I opened
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00456-00131340-00131627 the tin and smell the black cake
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00457-00131628-00131866 then I put everything back in the box
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00458-00131867-00132202 close the flaps push the box under my
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00459-00132203-00132569 bed I didn't want to see it I didn't
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00460-00132570-00133061 want it to be seen a cardboard box
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00461-00133062-00133390 begged from a grocery the brown paper
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00462-00133391-00133847 wrapping the newspapers the badly cut or
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00463-00133848-00134116 torn tape of different colors and kinds
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00464-00134117-00134423 the address in ballpoint written in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00465-00134424-00134897 capitals once then over again though not
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00466-00134898-00135166 exactly on the first letters and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00467-00135167-00135449 overwritten again to thicken the letters
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00468-00135450-00135766 to make them more visible an address of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00469-00135767-00135904 seven lines
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00470-00135905-00136363 Barbara lawful room 60 Alexandra Hall
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00471-00136364-00136709 University College of Wales arborist
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00472-00136710-00137009 with Wales United Kingdom
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00473-00137010-00137261 if there had been more space I guess the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00474-00137262-00137509 next line would have read the world
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00475-00137510-00137866 and the things inside how could I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00476-00137867-00138263 explain the contents when the idea of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00477-00138264-00138604 difference as a positive wasn't on the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00478-00138605-00138923 horizon of a Yet To Be Imagined
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00479-00138924-00139078 imaginary
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00480-00139079-00139402 when things not familiar with scorned
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00481-00139403-00139799 things foreign food foreign you held
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00482-00139800-00140093 your nose out even European things to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00483-00140094-00140393 spell of garlic was thought of as
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00484-00140394-00140801 repulsive a smelling of bodily waste
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00485-00140802-00141257 so how could I share what had arrived my
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00486-00141258-00141593 homemade fair with my friends
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00487-00141594-00141916 it was true that everyone shared
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00488-00141917-00142097 whatever they had brought from whom
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00489-00142098-00142361 after weekends away
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00490-00142362-00142690 Welsh cakes Victoria sponge lava bread
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00491-00142691-00143027 fudge but those were their things things
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00492-00143028-00143321 that already occupied cultural common
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00493-00143322-00143477 ground
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00494-00143478-00143740 a place in conversation in books and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00495-00143741-00143981 films things you could compare my
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00496-00143982-00144209 mother's Victoria sponge with yours my
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00497-00144210-00144454 grandma's sponge with yours how would my
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00498-00144455-00144851 mother's homemade Fair fit
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00499-00144852-00145078 how credible a comparison with black
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00500-00145079-00145354 cake and an old biscuit tin
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00501-00145355-00145733 make with Christmas pudding of Christmas
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00502-00145734-00146051 carols of Charles Dickens
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00503-00146052-00146425 Swiss pudding lifted out of a steamer
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00504-00146426-00146789 unveiled from its mesh bag to expose a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00505-00146790-00147064 light brown door plump with preserved
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00506-00147065-00147359 fruit decorated on top with an
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00507-00147360-00147671 artificial Holly Berry and leaf cluster
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00508-00147672-00147983 and placed in the center of a Royal
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00509-00147984-00148397 Dalton oval dish at whose side rests a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00510-00148398-00148816 purpose designed for ding slicing tool a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00511-00148817-00149111 little trouble-like object one Edge
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00512-00149112-00149351 serrated one smooth
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00513-00149352-00149764 and next to it a jug of whipped cream or
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00514-00149765-00150083 brandy sauce
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00515-00150084-00150383 in the case of panchakram how do I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00516-00150384-00150625 explain condensed milk
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00517-00150626-00150875 I was ashamed
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00518-00150876-00151097 ashamed of home
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00519-00151098-00151511 of my mother's efforts which cost her so
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00520-00151512-00151613 much
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00521-00151614-00151954 but seemed so pitiful here
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00522-00151955-00152225 that Christmas offering whose
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00523-00152226-00152759 primitiveness I had shoved under the bed
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00524-00152760-00153095 nothing was up to the sophistication
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00525-00153096-00153473 the civilization of what I thought I had
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00526-00153474-00153659 merged into
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00527-00153660-00154054 I couldn't bear to think of where I had
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00528-00154055-00154504 come from who I really was could if
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00529-00154505-00154726 others saw this box
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00530-00154727-00155854 be so easily so irrefutably exposed wow
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00531-00155855-00156449 foreign
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00532-00156450-00156802 I feel like I can barely breathe from
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00533-00156803-00157066 that reading because
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00534-00157067-00157289 I imagine it's a process that so many
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00535-00157290-00157451 people go through the process of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00536-00157452-00157621 othering yourself
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00537-00157622-00157937 despising yourself
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00538-00157938-00158140 and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00539-00158141-00158471 the fact that from on the outside the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00540-00158472-00158693 outside doesn't care it demands it
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00541-00158694-00158885 almost did you feel it demanded it or
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00542-00158886-00159089 did you feel that or did you demand it
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00543-00159090-00159401 of yourself I don't know I think that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00544-00159402-00159628 shame is something
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00545-00159629-00159904 that victims take a victim's take upon
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00546-00159905-00160025 themselves
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00547-00160026-00160240 which is why
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00548-00160241-00160481 girls who are raped or boys who are
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00549-00160482-00160811 raped do not come forward and say it
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00550-00160812-00161135 they somehow feel that they are in some
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00551-00161136-00161464 way culpable and and there is also in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00552-00161465-00161740 the Caribbean or there was when I was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00553-00161741-00162016 growing up not so now
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00554-00162017-00162437 a denial of african-ness of Africa being
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00555-00162438-00162761 part of the Heritage Girls at school
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00556-00162762-00163031 would say girls who look like me would
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00557-00163032-00163181 say
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00558-00163182-00163607 I'm I'm Portuguese I have Chinese I have
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00559-00163608-00163787 Indian
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00560-00163788-00164116 but they were in me but they won't say I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00561-00164117-00164387 have African in me because Africa was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00562-00164388-00164695 associate Associated not only with
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00563-00164696-00165004 backwardness but it was associated with
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00564-00165005-00165276 enslavement and if you were a slave for
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00565-00165277-00165593 400 years something has got to be wrong
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00566-00165594-00165947 with you so that Africa was a space of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00567-00165948-00166402 denial and shame was our portion of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00568-00166403-00166733 people of African descent so when we
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00569-00166734-00166913 came to the mother country
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00570-00166914-00167123 the mother country it always strikes me
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00571-00167124-00167387 about the mother country yes we came
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00572-00167388-00167711 with a sense of being part of this
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00573-00167712-00168275 so that you learned to ape the habits of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00574-00168276-00168647 this country and to be ashamed of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00575-00168648-00169019 anything that was not like this so the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00576-00169020-00169325 Christmas pudding was the epitome of a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00577-00169326-00169966 Christmas Vine fruit alcohol infused
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00578-00169967-00170249 um dessert and black cake was somehow
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00579-00170250-00170383 inferior
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00580-00170384-00170728 so it's a generational thing I'm happy
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00581-00170729-00171023 to say I know that my own children have
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00582-00171024-00171359 a sense of being West Indian a Caribbean
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00583-00171360-00171587 yeah which came to me much later
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00584-00171588-00171863 mercifully I'm living to tell the tale
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00585-00171864-00172026 yeah
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00586-00172027-00172325 because you describe in essence being a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00587-00172326-00172637 stranger in a familiar land uh and and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00588-00172638-00172816 sort of denying or and when you went
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00589-00172817-00173045 back though when I think it's your
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00590-00173046-00173243 husband describes the house that you're
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00591-00173244-00173597 going to move into as Exquisite yes you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00592-00173598-00173807 look at him it's like what are you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00593-00173808-00174035 talking about exactly exactly it was at
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00594-00174036-00174197 the beginning of a Reawakening of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00595-00174198-00174425 yourself oh but it was such a privilege
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00596-00174426-00174845 actually to be allowed to see my space
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00597-00174846-00175013 through
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00598-00175014-00175319 somebody else's eyes somebody whose
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00599-00175320-00175589 position and privilege as being born
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00600-00175590-00175890 British brought up in all of this
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00601-00175891-00176183 civilization and who cares I think it
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00602-00176184-00176399 should be like Civilization yeah oh
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00603-00176400-00176578 civilization
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00604-00176579-00176857 um and who came to Trinidad and was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00605-00176858-00177287 absolutely Blown Away by the culture of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00606-00177288-00177431 Trinidad
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00607-00177432-00177676 um he used to work a Town and Country
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00608-00177677-00177940 planning which at the time was a two old
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00609-00177941-00178225 buildings I think there were American
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00610-00178226-00178601 Air Force Hospital things in the center
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00611-00178602-00178907 of town and at that time all stars see
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00612-00178908-00179147 steel man had been displaced from
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00613-00179148-00179416 hellyard on Duke Street I see Trinity is
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00614-00179417-00179723 not in man okay great had been displaced
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00615-00179724-00179909 from there on to what was then called
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00616-00179910-00180226 Marine square and they used to practice
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00617-00180227-00180466 during the day and he would leave his
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00618-00180467-00180887 office cross the road just to listen to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00619-00180888-00181157 the steel band now I left home and steel
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00620-00181158-00181373 band it was here some fellas playing pan
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00621-00181374-00181601 kind of thing making a noise but when I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00622-00181602-00181690 saw
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00623-00181691-00181978 how transfigured he was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00624-00181979-00182128 I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00625-00182129-00182488 yeah I took on an appreciate he taught
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00626-00182489-00182621 me
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00627-00182622-00182890 through his alien eyes
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00628-00182891-00183263 to love and appreciate my own home and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00629-00183264-00183799 it was like I said a real gift yeah
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00630-00183800-00184213 you were a child when you were forcibly
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00631-00184214-00184487 I'll say possibly because children have
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00632-00184488-00184666 no choice in these things taken from
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00633-00184667-00184757 India
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00634-00184758-00185093 and brought to Trinidad so you were a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00635-00185094-00185357 Stranger in a Strange Land
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00636-00185358-00185597 and you literally landed in a very very
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00637-00185598-00185776 strange environment where as soon as
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00638-00185777-00185945 your you and your grandmother come out
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00639-00185946-00186238 of this uh at the airport your mother
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00640-00186239-00186449 your grandmother who's a very very
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00641-00186450-00186809 formidable kind of woman very formidable
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00642-00186810-00187073 you will meet her we know women like
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00643-00187074-00187343 that all of us she commands some men
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00644-00187344-00187547 with some young man to come and fetch
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00645-00187548-00187847 her bags and and she calls him I can't
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00646-00187848-00188033 say that word without flinching and I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00647-00188034-00188140 know that there are people who can't
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00648-00188141-00188278 hear the word without preaching she
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00649-00188279-00188519 calls him the c word basically yeah and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00650-00188520-00188723 and he says we don't talk like that here
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00651-00188724-00188909 but I'll still help you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00652-00188910-00189154 yeah I mean I mean it's so immediately
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00653-00189155-00189323 there's an introduction into this whole
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00654-00189324-00189647 new world that you don't understand and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00655-00189648-00189863 you're forced to be in tell us a little
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00656-00189864-00190063 bit about how that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00657-00190064-00190325 immediately catapults you into a world
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00658-00190326-00190595 like how do you cope how do you manage
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00659-00190596-00190775 because you're a child
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00660-00190776-00191051 I think um and my father was in the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00661-00191052-00191176 Indian army
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00662-00191177-00191495 so we were so used to going from place
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00663-00191496-00191747 to place in India and because my
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00664-00191748-00191969 mother's business is Muslim my father's
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00665-00191970-00192316 Hindu the Army was the only place where
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00666-00192317-00192514 we kind of belonged because we didn't
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00667-00192515-00192725 really belong anywhere else in India
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00668-00192726-00192940 because all the army officers they all
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00669-00192941-00193133 spoke English instead of the 27
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00670-00193134-00193409 languages of India so we were so used to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00671-00193410-00193709 going from maybe the Himalayas in Simla
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00672-00193710-00193954 where there was snow all year round and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00673-00193955-00194202 we have peaches in Winter and we skated
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00674-00194203-00194566 to very sweltering heat of Madras or
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00675-00194567-00194801 Bombay or to move to Delhi so we were
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00676-00194802-00195143 used to different languages and we like
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00677-00195144-00195371 people we've already kind of displaced
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00678-00195372-00195683 because of how my parents married uh you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00679-00195684-00195964 know in post-independence India but one
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00680-00195965-00196181 Muslim and a Hindu
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00681-00196182-00196343 um of course my mother was disinherited
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00682-00196344-00196504 because of that but when we went to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00683-00196505-00196690 Trinidad I thought we were going to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00684-00196691-00196828 America actually
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00685-00196829-00196978 so
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00686-00196979-00197152 um so we
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00687-00197153-00197423 my impression and I'm so happy I went
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00688-00197424-00197681 there as a child because I didn't have
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00689-00197682-00197993 any knowledge of the brutal history of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00690-00197994-00198361 slavery of internship so
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00691-00198362-00198701 my feeling about hitting Trinidad and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00692-00198702-00198904 seeing that blast
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00693-00198905-00199169 coming out of the plane and seeing that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00694-00199170-00199457 light that Caribbean light and the first
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00695-00199458-00199595 thing we saw and I'll read a little
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00696-00199596-00199919 piece of that the light of the ocean it
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00697-00199920-00200164 really really it gives me food I felt
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00698-00200165-00200399 like I landed somewhere magical
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00699-00200400-00200716 read for us then so I'll read you a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00700-00200717-00200981 little bit as as we leave Bangalore but
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00701-00200982-00201293 I want to just say here that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00702-00201294-00201563 um this is also a book A postcolonial
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00703-00201564-00201826 book about privilege and it's about
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00704-00201827-00202157 Trinidad the new world which in a sense
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00705-00202158-00202373 is a magical world because it's strands
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00706-00202374-00202643 of so many continents and we've left
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00707-00202644-00203045 behind uh the old pecking orders
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00708-00203046-00203326 so my grandmother from a very old India
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00709-00203327-00203626 with very strict pecking orders now
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00710-00203627-00203950 collides with the new world where
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00711-00203951-00204221 I guess in a sense trinidadians have
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00712-00204222-00204533 always had a very strong sense of our
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00713-00204534-00204778 dignity and who we are as human beings
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00714-00204779-00205060 so she collides with a housekeeper in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00715-00205061-00205210 Trinidad and that's what I'd like to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00716-00205211-00205396 read to you oh yeah that's an epic fight
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00717-00205398-00205690 that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00718-00205691-00205960 imagine that angel and I start crying as
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00719-00205961-00206212 the piano is taken away by four men
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00720-00206213-00206453 leaving Only the Piano stool with the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00721-00206454-00206688 sheet music inside it
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00722-00206689-00207010 hugs Angel tears falling into Angels
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00723-00207011-00207329 dark hair her frail hands around Angel's
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00724-00207330-00207455 waist
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00725-00207456-00207803 cry girls pop it angel don't cry only
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00726-00207804-00208001 two days then we fly
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00727-00208002-00208301 only two days and we fly says angel in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00728-00208302-00208588 barimami's voice Breaking Free from Kaja
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00729-00208589-00208877 she starts running her chubby fingers
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00730-00208878-00209081 making piano playing movements in the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00731-00209082-00209327 air as she Wades into the old brocade
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00732-00209328-00209560 curtains from Majid castle that have
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00733-00209561-00209975 been locked in a trunk since 1947.
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00734-00209976-00210179 I'm surprised to see the tears in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00735-00210180-00210448 barimami's eyes when the eyes line up to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00736-00210450-00210598 say goodbye to us
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00737-00210600-00210803 she hands them little envelopes with
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00738-00210804-00211019 money don't worry you can stay here
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00739-00211019-00211258 you'll get a monthly salary just don't
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00740-00211259-00211469 give it to your damn men
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00741-00211469-00211877 Angel is shouting fairy dust fairy dust
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00742-00211878-00212129 she's spinning in circles and curtains
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00743-00212130-00212387 watching with shrieking Delight the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00744-00212388-00212596 brocade disintegrates into Bejeweled
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00745-00212598-00212860 smoke as it spread into the rooms and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00746-00212861-00213082 Floors out of the windows
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00747-00213083-00213448 oh God Mama's curtains falling apart in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00748-00213450-00213821 bits the last of majeed Castle mama papa
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00749-00213821-00214031 all gone gone
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00750-00214032-00214313 our laughter smothers her whale as she
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00751-00214314-00214558 draws our faces close to hers
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00752-00214559-00214781 I can't tell if Buddy Mommy is laughing
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00753-00214782-00215044 or crying blinded by the swirling
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00754-00215046-00215219 ascending dust
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00755-00215219-00215584 briefly 17 rest House Road is a goblet
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00756-00215585-00215903 of electric blue light
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00757-00215904-00216101 we are leaving rest house route for the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00758-00216102-00216353 airport our suitcases trapped on the top
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00759-00216354-00216496 of the taxi
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00760-00216498-00216701 we stare through the black window until
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00761-00216702-00216942 the house is out of sight
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00762-00216944-00217253 looks straight ahead wearing oversized
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00763-00217254-00217403 sunglasses
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00764-00217404-00217684 she puts angel on her lap and says don't
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00765-00217685-00217889 be sad darling everything will be the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00766-00217890-00218056 same when we return
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00767-00218057-00218363 we're going on an adventure on an island
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00768-00218364-00218639 we will go to the seaside would you like
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00769-00218640-00218806 that my darlings
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00770-00218807-00219071 Angel puts her thumb in her mouth we
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00771-00219071-00219310 would go anywhere with Buddy Mommy if
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00772-00219311-00219592 she can leave 17 rest house rule behind
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00773-00219594-00219929 so can we maybe finally we could be a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00774-00219930-00220356 proper family with all of us together
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00775-00220357-00220732 just pop it in me and Angel makes three
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00776-00220733-00221189 together we'll be in our sweet heaven
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00777-00221190-00221458 in Bombay we stay at the Taj where the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00778-00221459-00221621 managers seem to know very mummy well
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00779-00221621-00221915 Angel and I are open-mouthed at this at
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00780-00221916-00222167 birmami in imposing black silk and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00781-00222167-00222431 Pearls with her usual Crimson lipstick
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00782-00222432-00222682 pan exchanged for cigarettes with a long
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00783-00222683-00223013 holder commanding even here amidst the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00784-00223014-00223258 gleaming marble floors high ceiling and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00785-00223259-00223637 unending stairwells she smokes Crossing
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00786-00223638-00223841 and uncrossing her legs
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00787-00223842-00224141 telling hovering Livery berries bearers
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00788-00224142-00224381 to heat her milk take this away bring
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00789-00224382-00224717 that crumpling fine linen as casually as
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00790-00224717-00224903 if she did this every day
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00791-00224904-00225119 one evening she tells The Pianist she'd
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00792-00225119-00225389 like to play and if there was no one
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00793-00225390-00225725 there no tourists no strangers in that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00794-00225726-00226001 plush Victorian Tea Room with the view
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00795-00226002-00226265 of India Gate and the ocean she plays
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00796-00226266-00226565 Samba always that Brandenburg Concerto
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00797-00226566-00226906 and closes with Dr Zhivago her eyes
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00798-00226907-00227051 closed
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00799-00227052-00227182 in India
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00800-00227183-00227392 we'd heard that London was always damp
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00801-00227394-00227675 with a cold that got into your bones
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00802-00227676-00227921 I wanted to know how that felt
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00803-00227921-00228269 but we landed in London to stifling Heat
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00804-00228269-00228527 nothing like Bangalore cool all year
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00805-00228528-00228610 round
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00806-00228611-00228917 the streets looked ordered and bare the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00807-00228917-00229205 city as magical as a storybook Harrod's
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00808-00229206-00229534 Big Ben the houses of Parliament the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00809-00229535-00229853 Thames Buckingham Palace Hyde Park the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00810-00229854-00230071 Victorian Albert Museum
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00811-00230071-00230344 points them out from the taxi in the day
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00812-00230346-00230579 and at night when she takes us around
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00813-00230580-00230879 the city
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00814-00230880-00231058 I'm going to cut a little bit and move
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00815-00231059-00231334 ahead to Tobago part
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00816-00231335-00231544 the passengers on the plane from London
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00817-00231546-00231803 to Port of Spain looked to me like South
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00818-00231804-00232141 Indians but darker I'm confused
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00819-00232142-00232451 questioning South Indian women have long
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00820-00232452-00232775 plots coiled with oil and Jasmine
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00821-00232776-00233032 they wear bright silk sarees
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00822-00233033-00233231 but these women have short hair and wear
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00823-00233232-00233477 dresses it's because they are African
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00824-00233478-00233813 darling very mummy pronounces see their
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00825-00233814-00234089 hair is so thick and curly like mine
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00826-00234090-00234448 asks Angel no theirs is thicker Angel
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00827-00234450-00234665 sets up her face as if she wants to cry
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00828-00234666-00234898 but very mummy is too distracted to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00829-00234900-00235132 comfort her so she puts her thumb in her
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00830-00235133-00235271 mouth instead
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00831-00235271-00235541 at piarco airport we walk out of the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00832-00235542-00235834 aircraft into a heat so powerful we're
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00833-00235835-00236069 pushed backwards then the blast from the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00834-00236069-00236344 aircraft engines throws us forward into
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00835-00236346-00236465 a furnace
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00836-00236466-00236710 in the carusal area barimami beckons to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00837-00236711-00236969 a dark thin young man of Indian descent
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00838-00236969-00237184 to pick up our bags and carry them
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00839-00237185-00237503 through she says
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00840-00237504-00237919 that word that word I mean
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00841-00237919-00238198 you I don't know okay the convention
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00842-00238200-00238492 take those bags I've got no money to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00843-00238494-00238721 give you but my son-in-law is outside he
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00844-00238721-00239039 will pay you nah he says I'm not an
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00845-00239040-00239291 attendant I'm a medical student we don't
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00846-00239292-00239506 use that word here madam
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00847-00239507-00239771 buddy mommy looks confused he helps us
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00848-00239771-00239891 anyway
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00849-00239892-00240179 we at a we enter chaotic Customs Hall
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00850-00240180-00240442 with a long raggedy cue but he made me
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00851-00240444-00240598 go straight up to the top of the queue
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00852-00240600-00240821 but the Customs officer points for her
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00853-00240821-00240953 to go back
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00854-00240954-00241229 my granddaughters are very tired
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00855-00241230-00241523 everybody tired your care break the line
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00856-00241523-00241660 go back
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00857-00241661-00242056 hmm people's threw us curious looks but
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00858-00242057-00242303 very mummy doesn't notice
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00859-00242304-00242494 what did you say I don't understand you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00860-00242496-00242765 look lady just go back the officer
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00861-00242766-00243017 points to the long line but she waits
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00862-00243017-00243215 beside him sighing until some kind
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00863-00243216-00243425 people let us go to the front of the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00864-00243426-00243515 line
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00865-00243516-00243773 the Customs officer eyes her doubtfully
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00866-00243773-00243973 you come for a holiday
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00867-00243973-00244253 absolutely not I'm here to meet Colonel
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00868-00244254-00244517 wadenath his daughters are my Wards well
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00869-00244517-00244708 call it what you want you know you can't
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00870-00244709-00245027 stay for more than three months right
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00871-00245028-00245279 don't be important young man I'm a guest
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00872-00245280-00245482 in your country he shrugs and lets us
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00873-00245483-00245591 through
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00874-00245592-00245806 on our way out she pushes past the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00875-00245807-00246029 crowds and patiently let me through the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00876-00246030-00246371 children are tired let me through please
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00877-00246371-00246563 I'm relieved to see that he's deeply
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00878-00246564-00246796 tanned handsome face in the crowd coming
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00879-00246798-00247060 towards us his white teeth glinting he
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00880-00247061-00247253 gets us through formalities and takes us
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00881-00247254-00247498 onto the tarmac where we climb into a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00882-00247500-00247727 small helicopter a perk we take for
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00883-00247728-00248027 granted the hot wind throwing grit in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00884-00248028-00248296 our eyes I'm exhilarated as we fly
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00885-00248298-00248579 jumpily through failed wisps of candy
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00886-00248580-00248896 floss clouds the sea is a slate grease
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00887-00248898-00249227 gray slab of thrilling dangerous choppy
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00888-00249228-00249377 water
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00889-00249378-00249641 I'm going to move ahead to the part when
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00890-00249642-00249905 the housekeeper comes
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00891-00249906-00250523 the first housekeeper the first of many
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00892-00250523-00250708 but I do want to give a brief
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00893-00250709-00251194 description of what we saw in Tobago
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00894-00251196-00251398 Angel and I followed by Mommy outside
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00895-00251400-00251596 squinting at the glare of the already
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00896-00251598-00251915 hot day at the curve of the Bay
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00897-00251916-00252232 we taste Briny air and look around
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00898-00252233-00252460 the back of our house faces the edge of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00899-00252461-00252719 a plateau that slopes into a guava
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00900-00252719-00252808 Orchard
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00901-00252809-00253067 the front looks over a valley
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00902-00253067-00253421 to our left on a vast expansive lawn
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00903-00253421-00253684 dotted with hibiscus and Bougainvillea
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00904-00253685-00253931 there are four cannons their muscles
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00905-00253932-00254219 neatly slotted into the wall pointed at
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00906-00254219-00254465 the ocean very mummy sounds like a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00907-00254466-00254687 general exploring territory look we're
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00908-00254688-00254855 on a fort come on let's go and look at
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00909-00254856-00255155 the Cannons she leads us off I stroke
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00910-00255156-00255358 the smooth black Cannon and look at the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00911-00255359-00255623 dazzling ocean I've never seen anything
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00912-00255623-00255994 this bright the sky the sea the air very
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00913-00255996-00256282 mummy reads the plaque this fort was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00914-00256283-00256565 built by Sir Thomas Hislop and named
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00915-00256566-00256925 after King George III in 1804 to secure
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00916-00256926-00257182 the colonial territories from foreign
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00917-00257183-00257441 invasions and prevent internal revolts
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00918-00257442-00257651 from the slaves
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00919-00257652-00258005 a heavy woman approaches slowly a floral
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00920-00258006-00258256 dress whipping around her legs as she
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00921-00258257-00258521 reaches the door mommy says oh look it's
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00922-00258521-00258839 Beulah thank God you're here Beulah
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00923-00258840-00259025 breeds heavily by the front door where
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00924-00259026-00259180 we are now congregated
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00925-00259181-00259373 she looks very mummy up and down then
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00926-00259373-00259669 brushes past her with a morning
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00927-00259669-00259925 enraged by Mommy opens her mouth to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00928-00259926-00260194 chastise her mommy Whispers urgently in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00929-00260196-00260315 Urdu
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00930-00260316-00260560 don't say anything mother she won't like
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00931-00260561-00260644 it
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00932-00260646-00260896 we look on August as Beulah sits at the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00933-00260898-00261203 table and serves herself breakfast Bari
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00934-00261204-00261406 mummy says in Urdu to Mummy this is
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00935-00261407-00261671 unheard of for a servant in India
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00936-00261671-00261946 mommy says dryly this is not India
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00937-00261948-00262301 myther Beulah unaffected by our staring
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00938-00262302-00262649 calmly sets about con consuming half a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00939-00262650-00262837 loaf of bright white bread and butter
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00940-00262838-00263063 washing it down with the fizzy orange
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00941-00263064-00263363 soft drink mints mixed with condensed
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00942-00263364-00263687 milk oh God
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00943-00263688-00263863 foreign
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00944-00263864-00264143 approaches her tentatively sweat on her
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00945-00264144-00264503 upper lip do what you can cook something
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00946-00264504-00264803 maybe dust after you've eaten vaguely
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00947-00264804-00264982 gesturing towards the kitchen and our
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00948-00264983-00265151 bedrooms
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00949-00265152-00265379 Angel and I remain at the door staring
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00950-00265380-00265577 until Beulah finally rises from the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00951-00265578-00265895 table and Begins the housework at a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00952-00265896-00266045 stately pace
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00953-00266046-00266351 we should also say housework at a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00954-00266352-00266723 stately place doesn't work
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00955-00266724-00266987 bill has no servant
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00956-00266988-00267287 she says sharply for hours after Beulah
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00957-00267288-00267443 has gone I wonder how I should address
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00958-00267444-00267719 her as I'm as scared of her as I am a
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00959-00267720-00267929 very mummy something builds up in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00960-00267930-00268213 barimami and the Beulah Wars begin
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00961-00268214-00268456 supervisor you haven't tucked in the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00962-00268457-00268660 lower sheet Beulah sucks her teeth
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00963-00268661-00268882 ignoring her but remember me Thunders
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00964-00268883-00269123 that angel mommy and me following
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00965-00269124-00269339 the following day as if Beulah is not in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00966-00269340-00269567 the room you know she sweeps around the
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00967-00269568-00269765 furniture instead of moving it you can't
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00968-00269766-00269999 take shortcuts you know this has no
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00969-00270000-00270184 effect on Beulah who sits down for a cup
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00970-00270185-00270419 of tea and leaves the dirty dishes in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00971-00270420-00270658 the sink but remember me starts washing
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00972-00270659-00270934 them with exaggerated slowness instead
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00973-00270935-00271156 of being shamed Beulah allows barimami
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00974-00271157-00271360 to continue working
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00975-00271361-00271727 mommy's voice turns increasingly polite
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00976-00271728-00272039 and supercilious would you mind awfully
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00977-00272040-00272321 if you please sweeping beneath the bed
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00978-00272322-00272615 if you if you have time between your
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00979-00272616-00272939 other important work of course
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00980-00272940-00273280 come Beulah responds Cooley I go see if
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00981-00273281-00273443 I have the time
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00982-00273444-00273773 come washing day you'll ruin several of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00983-00273774-00273982 barimami's cotton sarees by immersing
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00984-00273983-00274258 them in Bleach my grandmother shoves
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00985-00274259-00274589 them on the beulah's face thank you so
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00986-00274590-00274756 much for putting these spots on my
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00987-00274757-00275203 sarees you want me to put spots on all
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00988-00275204-00275501 Beulah responds
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00989-00275502-00275797 and just one more cup paragraph
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00990-00275798-00276091 I'm so sorry I'm going on really fun
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00991-00276092-00276330 but we're nearly out of time actually
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00992-00276331-00276713 but I just wanted to ask that it's like
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00993-00276714-00276875 it struck me when you when you describe
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00994-00276876-00277091 how you got off the plane and that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00995-00277092-00277432 baptism of fire it feels like you were
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00996-00277433-00277703 you were purified of all the stuff that
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00997-00277704-00277834 had happened in India because it wasn't
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00998-00277835-00277979 a happy time for you either right
C-9Y1cn0eKA-00999-00277980-00278380 because your angel was next to God yeah
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01000-00278381-00278669 and you were sort of tolerated yeah was
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01001-00278670-00278977 this this new world this magical world
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01002-00278978-00279365 was it easy to embrace your as as a new
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01003-00279366-00279551 way to be as well it was absolutely
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01004-00279552-00279832 amazing I think Tobago gave me a kind of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01005-00279833-00280043 Freedom that I never had in India and to
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01006-00280044-00280241 see and as children you have no idea of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01007-00280242-00280630 race so we had Mrs wheeler and of of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01008-00280631-00280799 African descent living next to us who
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01009-00280800-00281015 became like a second mother you had he
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01010-00281016-00281291 saved your life saved my life you had
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01011-00281292-00281471 the Filipino people you had the Chinese
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01012-00281472-00281795 you had you had the you know the I guess
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01013-00281796-00282108 the the local whites so it was literally
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01014-00282109-00282449 uh old strands of continents in one
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01015-00282450-00282677 place where it didn't matter where you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01016-00282678-00282887 came from or who what what you what
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01017-00282888-00283115 religion you were it was a new world
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01018-00283116-00283408 where you could reinvent yourself
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01019-00283409-00283649 I think for you because Barbara speaks
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01020-00283650-00283799 of a slightly different experience of
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01021-00283800-00284008 those different strands right and you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01022-00284009-00284195 did say it was a book about privilege so
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01023-00284196-00284345 it's interesting to see all those
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01024-00284346-00284597 different strands knitted together and
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01025-00284598-00284839 to see all these experiences writ large
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01026-00284840-00285139 on a very very large
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01027-00285140-00285313 platform
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01028-00285314-00285629 in a huge world that was heaving and it
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01029-00285630-00285779 seems like the world is only heaving now
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01030-00285780-00285934 but the world has always been heaving
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01031-00285935-00286223 clearly because we're all the flots in
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01032-00286224-00286415 the Jetsam of that world I'm so sorry
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01033-00286416-00286660 that um I was strictly forbidden from
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01034-00286661-00286949 taking questions from the audience uh I
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01035-00286950-00287110 apologize and I know that you've been
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01036-00287111-00287369 waiting and wondering is anybody ever
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01037-00287370-00287513 gonna ask you if you've got any
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01038-00287514-00287779 questions but the writers will be here
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01039-00287780-00288041 we unfortunately have to end because
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01040-00288042-00288251 sorry this time has flown by and I hope
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01041-00288252-00288413 it's been as valuable and as wonderful
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01042-00288414-00288701 and as magical as it's been for me for
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01043-00288702-00289121 you thank you so much and thank you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01044-00289122-00290101 thank you
C-9Y1cn0eKA-01045-00290102-00290922 [Music]
CA-JbDKQUJc-00000-00000003-00000316 during class you didn't do the reading
CA-JbDKQUJc-00001-00000317-00000641 the professor is lecturing you pretty
CA-JbDKQUJc-00002-00000642-00000811 distracted by your busy week so you're
CA-JbDKQUJc-00003-00000813-00001037 doodling in your planner cause your prop
CA-JbDKQUJc-00004-00001038-00001181 comes to the end of your sentence her
CA-JbDKQUJc-00005-00001182-00001528 voice good signaling a question and then
CA-JbDKQUJc-00006-00001529-00001943 she stops hi what's your first reaction
CA-JbDKQUJc-00007-00001944-00002323 [Music]
CA-JbDKQUJc-00008-00002324-00002696 you look up right the professor positive
CA-JbDKQUJc-00009-00002697-00002908 even as a distracted member of the
CA-JbDKQUJc-00010-00002909-00003133 audience you know it's time to refocus
CA-JbDKQUJc-00011-00003134-00003665 that just the power the pause is one of
CA-JbDKQUJc-00012-00003665-00003931 the easiest tools to master and once
CA-JbDKQUJc-00013-00003932-00004115 it's in your tool box it can help you
CA-JbDKQUJc-00014-00004116-00004352 better engage your audience when people
CA-JbDKQUJc-00015-00004353-00004577 in the audience listen to speakers they
CA-JbDKQUJc-00016-00004578-00004888 expect one-way communication this can
CA-JbDKQUJc-00017-00004889-00005054 put them in a trance state where they
CA-JbDKQUJc-00018-00005055-00005258 don't even pay attention even if you
CA-JbDKQUJc-00019-00005259-00005474 didn't cause with question and you just
CA-JbDKQUJc-00020-00005475-00005722 cause for emphasis no refocus your
CA-JbDKQUJc-00021-00005723-00005945 audience attention on your message your
CA-JbDKQUJc-00022-00005946-00006227 point for communicating when you Bob in
CA-JbDKQUJc-00023-00006228-00006436 a real life speech you give yourself an
CA-JbDKQUJc-00024-00006437-00006659 opportunity opportunity to collect
CA-JbDKQUJc-00025-00006659-00006941 valuable feedback from your listeners it
CA-JbDKQUJc-00026-00006942-00007264 might be responses to a question or it's
CA-JbDKQUJc-00027-00007265-00007502 not asking a question the time of the
CA-JbDKQUJc-00028-00007503-00007763 pod can help you non-verbally scope your
CA-JbDKQUJc-00029-00007764-00007970 audience to make sure that everyone
CA-JbDKQUJc-00030-00007970-00008141 looks like they understand what you're
CA-JbDKQUJc-00031-00008142-00008239 saying
CA-JbDKQUJc-00032-00008240-00008513 the secret to using applause well for
CA-JbDKQUJc-00033-00008514-00008762 either questions or dramatic effect is
CA-JbDKQUJc-00034-00008763-00008953 to have a transition plan to get out of
CA-JbDKQUJc-00035-00008954-00009128 the pause and back on track in your
CA-JbDKQUJc-00036-00009129-00009392 speech pauses can give you a chance to
CA-JbDKQUJc-00037-00009393-00009589 pose a question to your Oddie getting
CA-JbDKQUJc-00038-00009590-00009842 all eyes off you which can be a sneaky
CA-JbDKQUJc-00039-00009843-00010058 way to regroup yourself and manage your
CA-JbDKQUJc-00040-00010059-00010355 anxiety I recommend planning pauses in
CA-JbDKQUJc-00041-00010356-00010598 your preparation online and practicing
CA-JbDKQUJc-00042-00010599-00010931 them really practicing them practicing
CA-JbDKQUJc-00043-00010932-00011139 them by pausing for five seconds and
CA-JbDKQUJc-00044-00011140-00011399 experiencing silence without verbal
CA-JbDKQUJc-00045-00011400-00011717 fillers and scale back and figure out
CA-JbDKQUJc-00046-00011718-00011831 which causes
CA-JbDKQUJc-00047-00011832-00012149 defective cause the powerful people
CA-JbDKQUJc-00048-00012150-00012542 we've gotten ideas on how you can remove
CA-JbDKQUJc-00049-00012543-00012773 um and verbal fillers from your pauses
CA-JbDKQUJc-00050-00012774-00013043 from your speeches there's a videos for
CA-JbDKQUJc-00051-00013044-00013397 that subscribe to my channel
CDftbC5l4sY-00000-00001492-00001905 wow
CDftbC5l4sY-00001-00001905-00002732 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00002-00002733-00003415 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00003-00003417-00004283 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00004-00004284-00004426 oh
CDftbC5l4sY-00005-00004427-00005683 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00006-00005684-00005994 so
CDftbC5l4sY-00007-00005995-00007083 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00008-00007084-00007408 one
CDftbC5l4sY-00009-00007409-00008516 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00010-00008517-00009883 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00011-00009884-00010375 foreign
CDftbC5l4sY-00012-00010376-00011374 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00013-00011375-00011886 foreign
CDftbC5l4sY-00014-00011887-00014083 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00015-00014084-00014211 oh
CDftbC5l4sY-00016-00014212-00015071 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00017-00015072-00016486 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00018-00016487-00016883 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00019-00016884-00017889 oh
CDftbC5l4sY-00020-00017890-00019306 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00021-00019307-00019683 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00022-00019684-00019863 um
CDftbC5l4sY-00023-00019864-00021034 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00024-00021035-00023550 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00025-00023551-00023883 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00026-00023884-00024258 foreign
CDftbC5l4sY-00027-00024259-00024962 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00028-00024963-00025283 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00029-00025284-00026820 well
CDftbC5l4sY-00030-00026822-00027648 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00031-00027649-00027727 [Music]
CDftbC5l4sY-00032-00027727-00027936 you
CDrgIleX-D0-00000-00000356-00001963 thank you
CDrgIleX-D0-00001-00001964-00002165 all right
CDrgIleX-D0-00002-00002166-00002368 let's get started
CDrgIleX-D0-00003-00002369-00003233 we could
CDrgIleX-D0-00004-00003234-00003485 all right let me just switch
CDrgIleX-D0-00005-00003486-00004043 windows
CDrgIleX-D0-00006-00004044-00004361 all right so uh today we're gonna talk
CDrgIleX-D0-00007-00004362-00004661 about uh benford's law and percentiles
CDrgIleX-D0-00008-00004662-00004997 um and I think that's all I have in here
CDrgIleX-D0-00009-00004998-00005356 um so first foremost so the project uh
CDrgIleX-D0-00010-00005357-00005609 next project is going to be released on
CDrgIleX-D0-00011-00005610-00005836 Tuesday the 8th
CDrgIleX-D0-00012-00005837-00006059 um and then on the 15th is the first
CDrgIleX-D0-00013-00006060-00006286 checkpoint on the 22nd which is the
CDrgIleX-D0-00014-00006287-00006454 basically the day before Thanksgiving
CDrgIleX-D0-00015-00006455-00006755 recess uh is the second checkpoint and
CDrgIleX-D0-00016-00006756-00006989 then it's actually due on the 29th which
CDrgIleX-D0-00017-00006990-00007181 I think is the Friday after you get back
CDrgIleX-D0-00018-00007181-00007384 from Thanksgiving
CDrgIleX-D0-00019-00007386-00007456 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00020-00007458-00007775 a couple of notes so I changed all this
CDrgIleX-D0-00021-00007776-00007948 round so basically I shifted the project
CDrgIleX-D0-00022-00007950-00008063 was supposed to be released actually
CDrgIleX-D0-00023-00008064-00008195 today
CDrgIleX-D0-00024-00008196-00008346 um but I shifted it out till Tuesday
CDrgIleX-D0-00025-00008347-00008692 there is a homework released today
CDrgIleX-D0-00026-00008693-00008873 um so go check for that it should be
CDrgIleX-D0-00027-00008874-00009071 available right now
CDrgIleX-D0-00028-00009072-00009323 um and that is due uh you know a week
CDrgIleX-D0-00029-00009324-00009623 from today so uh next Thursday
CDrgIleX-D0-00030-00009624-00009892 um and then the theoretically this all
CDrgIleX-D0-00031-00009893-00010055 this is now correct so it has the rest
CDrgIleX-D0-00032-00010056-00010210 of the homeworks and labs and that kind
CDrgIleX-D0-00033-00010211-00010481 of stuff for the rest of the semester
CDrgIleX-D0-00034-00010482-00010799 um and when project two is due Etc uh
CDrgIleX-D0-00035-00010800-00010949 the other thing is grade scope and
CDrgIleX-D0-00036-00010950-00011123 Blackboard should be fixed up so it
CDrgIleX-D0-00037-00011124-00011435 should be accurately reflecting
CDrgIleX-D0-00038-00011436-00011638 um the you know kind of your current
CDrgIleX-D0-00039-00011639-00011837 status in the class if you're still
CDrgIleX-D0-00040-00011838-00012071 seeing an issue uh for example we had a
CDrgIleX-D0-00041-00012072-00012292 student who uh was getting nothing in
CDrgIleX-D0-00042-00012293-00012442 blackboard at all and it was just
CDrgIleX-D0-00043-00012443-00012701 complete F's all the way across so that
CDrgIleX-D0-00044-00012702-00012935 was no fun for them I'm sure
CDrgIleX-D0-00045-00012936-00013169 um so uh but we fixed that one so if you
CDrgIleX-D0-00046-00013169-00013294 have anything weird you know whatever
CDrgIleX-D0-00047-00013295-00013499 feel free to reach out
CDrgIleX-D0-00048-00013500-00013721 um is that it's pretty manual to make
CDrgIleX-D0-00049-00013722-00013949 sure the data stays in sync uh so
CDrgIleX-D0-00050-00013950-00014201 sometimes it just gets missed
CDrgIleX-D0-00051-00014202-00014369 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00052-00014369-00014633 oh there is a lab for tomorrow uh during
CDrgIleX-D0-00053-00014634-00014819 the discussion section
CDrgIleX-D0-00054-00014819-00015016 um and I tried to indicate those on the
CDrgIleX-D0-00055-00015018-00015229 syllabus as well I think there's like
CDrgIleX-D0-00056-00015230-00015575 one more lab and then there's like a you
CDrgIleX-D0-00057-00015576-00015688 know if you have questions on the
CDrgIleX-D0-00058-00015690-00015941 project is one of the discussions and
CDrgIleX-D0-00059-00015941-00016163 then there's basically the final review
CDrgIleX-D0-00060-00016163-00016372 there might be one other lab I can't
CDrgIleX-D0-00061-00016373-00016469 remember now
CDrgIleX-D0-00062-00016470-00016691 um but you can find it on Piazza it's
CDrgIleX-D0-00063-00016692-00016799 been updated
CDrgIleX-D0-00064-00016800-00017171 uh but yeah kind of mind-blowingly I
CDrgIleX-D0-00065-00017172-00017567 think we only have like five weeks left
CDrgIleX-D0-00066-00017568-00017813 of the semester
CDrgIleX-D0-00067-00017814-00017993 um so the very last day of the semester
CDrgIleX-D0-00068-00017994-00018185 is a Monday we actually do have a
CDrgIleX-D0-00069-00018186-00018383 homework due that day because we don't
CDrgIleX-D0-00070-00018384-00018521 have a lecture the following day
CDrgIleX-D0-00071-00018522-00018713 obviously because that's when my classes
CDrgIleX-D0-00072-00018714-00018875 will be over on the Monday but it will
CDrgIleX-D0-00073-00018876-00019157 be due on that final day of classes uh
CDrgIleX-D0-00074-00019158-00019385 just so that I could fit in one more
CDrgIleX-D0-00075-00019386-00019535 um because I know how much you all enjoy
CDrgIleX-D0-00076-00019536-00019733 homework so I want to make sure you have
CDrgIleX-D0-00077-00019734-00020057 the opportunity to do more of it uh any
CDrgIleX-D0-00078-00020058-00020447 questions did I miss anything
CDrgIleX-D0-00079-00020448-00020885 oh yeah
CDrgIleX-D0-00080-00020886-00021107 uh you should use the same group
CDrgIleX-D0-00081-00021108-00021293 um you know if that's a challenge or
CDrgIleX-D0-00082-00021294-00021622 whatever uh C myself or Rohan uh about
CDrgIleX-D0-00083-00021623-00021725 it
CDrgIleX-D0-00084-00021726-00021929 um but the idea is that you know the
CDrgIleX-D0-00085-00021930-00022043 group was kind of the same group
CDrgIleX-D0-00086-00022044-00022264 throughout the whole semester if for
CDrgIleX-D0-00087-00022265-00022421 whatever reason your group has dwindled
CDrgIleX-D0-00088-00022422-00022613 or grown uh that would be another reason
CDrgIleX-D0-00089-00022614-00022817 to see us uh you know to make sure that
CDrgIleX-D0-00090-00022818-00022972 you have I can't remember when we
CDrgIleX-D0-00091-00022973-00023200 finally decided on three I think
CDrgIleX-D0-00092-00023201-00023405 um people in your group
CDrgIleX-D0-00093-00023406-00023597 um and make sure you submit it as a
CDrgIleX-D0-00094-00023598-00023843 group as well uh one of the problems
CDrgIleX-D0-00095-00023844-00024077 with somebody's grades was that they
CDrgIleX-D0-00096-00024078-00024214 weren't actually submitted as part of
CDrgIleX-D0-00097-00024215-00024425 the group so they had a zero uh even
CDrgIleX-D0-00098-00024426-00024586 though they worked on it with a group so
CDrgIleX-D0-00099-00024587-00024778 uh if you have any trouble like I said
CDrgIleX-D0-00100-00024779-00025122 let us know
CDrgIleX-D0-00101-00025123-00025355 it's due a week from today what day is
CDrgIleX-D0-00102-00025356-00025643 today Thursday Thursday yeah uh it says
CDrgIleX-D0-00103-00025644-00025787 it should say it in the syllabus and be
CDrgIleX-D0-00104-00025788-00025883 right
CDrgIleX-D0-00105-00025883-00026039 um asking me questions like that relies
CDrgIleX-D0-00106-00026039-00026206 on me having any idea what day of the
CDrgIleX-D0-00107-00026207-00026411 week it is or the date which I usually
CDrgIleX-D0-00108-00026412-00026651 don't so uh that's why I wear a lot
CDrgIleX-D0-00109-00026652-00026867 because it usually tells me
CDrgIleX-D0-00110-00026868-00027202 any other questions
CDrgIleX-D0-00111-00027204-00027418 all right one of these days I'll get to
CDrgIleX-D0-00112-00027419-00027557 the point where I can just set the whole
CDrgIleX-D0-00113-00027558-00027724 syllabus up as a Google Calendar but
CDrgIleX-D0-00114-00027725-00027952 it's very very manual I've tried it
CDrgIleX-D0-00115-00027954-00028085 before
CDrgIleX-D0-00116-00028086-00028468 all right moving on so uh we have a
CDrgIleX-D0-00117-00028469-00028768 internal debate going on
CDrgIleX-D0-00118-00028769-00029008 um all right so the question is if there
CDrgIleX-D0-00119-00029010-00029201 was a class offered about blockchain or
CDrgIleX-D0-00120-00029202-00029387 cryptocurrency you know kind of by the
CDrgIleX-D0-00121-00029388-00029639 CDs organization uh would you be
CDrgIleX-D0-00122-00029639-00029812 interested in taking it but before you
CDrgIleX-D0-00123-00029813-00030035 answer that who here raise your hand if
CDrgIleX-D0-00124-00030036-00030335 you know what a blockchain is
CDrgIleX-D0-00125-00030336-00030496 okay not necessarily mathematically but
CDrgIleX-D0-00126-00030497-00030670 at least in theory
CDrgIleX-D0-00127-00030672-00030911 all right so blockchain is basically you
CDrgIleX-D0-00128-00030912-00031120 can prove that these transactions took
CDrgIleX-D0-00129-00031122-00031355 place because cryptographically it signs
CDrgIleX-D0-00130-00031356-00031558 the transaction before so you know the
CDrgIleX-D0-00131-00031560-00031864 whole history of of the blockchain uh in
CDrgIleX-D0-00132-00031866-00032107 each of the transactions is a block
CDrgIleX-D0-00133-00032108-00032296 cryptocurrency anybody here know what a
CDrgIleX-D0-00134-00032297-00032608 cryptocurrency is
CDrgIleX-D0-00135-00032610-00032758 anybody want to explain what a
CDrgIleX-D0-00136-00032760-00033424 cryptocurrency is
CDrgIleX-D0-00137-00033425-00033593 yeah so it's it's basically some yahoo
CDrgIleX-D0-00138-00033594-00033796 decided hey I'm going to start offering
CDrgIleX-D0-00139-00033797-00034018 uh this thing as a currency
CDrgIleX-D0-00140-00034019-00034271 um and you can decide to believe it or
CDrgIleX-D0-00141-00034272-00034468 not okay how many people here think that
CDrgIleX-D0-00142-00034469-00034979 the US dollar is valuable intrinsically
CDrgIleX-D0-00143-00034980-00035146 does the US dollar actually have a value
CDrgIleX-D0-00144-00035147-00035368 besides the papers printed on
CDrgIleX-D0-00145-00035369-00035711 my leading question come on no it does
CDrgIleX-D0-00146-00035712-00035957 not okay not for many years it used to
CDrgIleX-D0-00147-00035958-00036071 be backed by What's called the gold
CDrgIleX-D0-00148-00036072-00036202 standard right but we haven't had that
CDrgIleX-D0-00149-00036203-00036455 in a long time so the value of the US
CDrgIleX-D0-00150-00036456-00036743 dollar is what all of you collectively
CDrgIleX-D0-00151-00036744-00036923 and when I say all of you I mean the
CDrgIleX-D0-00152-00036924-00037285 entire world thinks its value is okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00153-00037286-00037474 cryptocurrencies actually are the same
CDrgIleX-D0-00154-00037475-00037679 way and so I give a talk to one of my
CDrgIleX-D0-00155-00037680-00037846 other classes about you know baseball
CDrgIleX-D0-00156-00037847-00037996 cards everybody here ever collect like
CDrgIleX-D0-00157-00037997-00038230 baseball cards or any other credit cards
CDrgIleX-D0-00158-00038231-00038411 um Garbage Pail Kids comes to mind as
CDrgIleX-D0-00159-00038412-00038518 well
CDrgIleX-D0-00160-00038519-00038771 um those have value based on how much
CDrgIleX-D0-00161-00038772-00039011 other people want it they don't actually
CDrgIleX-D0-00162-00039012-00039202 have any value intrinsically right
CDrgIleX-D0-00163-00039203-00039412 currencies are the same way so there's
CDrgIleX-D0-00164-00039413-00039539 actually nothing invalid about a
CDrgIleX-D0-00165-00039540-00039712 cryptocurrency it's just whether or not
CDrgIleX-D0-00166-00039713-00039911 everybody believes it or like in the
CDrgIleX-D0-00167-00039912-00040085 case of Bitcoin randomly one day
CDrgIleX-D0-00168-00040086-00040235 everybody stops believing it's valuable
CDrgIleX-D0-00169-00040236-00040379 then the next day to believe is valuable
CDrgIleX-D0-00170-00040380-00040552 again which is kind of hard on your
CDrgIleX-D0-00171-00040553-00040823 income right so how many people would
CDrgIleX-D0-00172-00040824-00041249 take it uh show of hands
CDrgIleX-D0-00173-00041250-00041555 I said uh I actually said 100 but it
CDrgIleX-D0-00174-00041556-00041789 looks like about 90 so we'll call it
CDrgIleX-D0-00175-00041790-00041890 there
CDrgIleX-D0-00176-00041891-00042179 um all right well thank you for uh uh
CDrgIleX-D0-00177-00042180-00042473 solving an internal bet which none of us
CDrgIleX-D0-00178-00042474-00042646 actually believed was a question in any
CDrgIleX-D0-00179-00042647-00042911 way but nonetheless people were debating
CDrgIleX-D0-00180-00042912-00043145 all right moving on to real stuff
CDrgIleX-D0-00181-00043146-00043415 more on p-values
CDrgIleX-D0-00182-00043416-00043715 okay so the p-value the cutoff okay and
CDrgIleX-D0-00183-00043716-00043937 note the word cut off for the p-value is
CDrgIleX-D0-00184-00043938-00044321 an error probability
CDrgIleX-D0-00185-00044322-00044561 if your cutoff is five percent
CDrgIleX-D0-00186-00044562-00044746 and the null hypothesis happens to be
CDrgIleX-D0-00187-00044747-00044927 true then there's about a five percent
CDrgIleX-D0-00188-00044928-00045124 chance that your test will reject the
CDrgIleX-D0-00189-00045125-00045485 null hypothesis okay so in other words
CDrgIleX-D0-00190-00045486-00045755 five percent of the time you will get
CDrgIleX-D0-00191-00045756-00045946 something that is at odds with the null
CDrgIleX-D0-00192-00045947-00046265 hypothesis okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00193-00046266-00046595 so the p-value cut off versus the
CDrgIleX-D0-00194-00046596-00046889 p-value itself so the p-value cutoff is
CDrgIleX-D0-00195-00046890-00047123 the cutoff for where it that you
CDrgIleX-D0-00196-00047124-00047429 consider the p-value useful okay so if
CDrgIleX-D0-00197-00047430-00047615 your cutoff is six percent and your
CDrgIleX-D0-00198-00047616-00047867 p-value is sorry if your cutoff is five
CDrgIleX-D0-00199-00047868-00048083 percent your p-value is six percent
CDrgIleX-D0-00200-00048084-00048293 it's not useful so you didn't get a
CDrgIleX-D0-00201-00048294-00048527 useful result if you established your
CDrgIleX-D0-00202-00048528-00048802 p-value so as you may have done in some
CDrgIleX-D0-00203-00048803-00048989 earlier like science class right it's
CDrgIleX-D0-00204-00048990-00049229 important to kind of set your Criterion
CDrgIleX-D0-00205-00049230-00049565 for your experiment before you execute
CDrgIleX-D0-00206-00049566-00049805 the experiment okay so that's where the
CDrgIleX-D0-00207-00049806-00050033 cutoff comes in is that before you do
CDrgIleX-D0-00208-00050034-00050207 the experiment you say we're going to
CDrgIleX-D0-00209-00050208-00050429 believe that a cutoff of five percent
CDrgIleX-D0-00210-00050430-00050590 which is pretty typical
CDrgIleX-D0-00211-00050591-00050740 um we did that in a lecture or two ago
CDrgIleX-D0-00212-00050741-00050951 we call that statistically significant
CDrgIleX-D0-00213-00050952-00051155 by convention that's about five percent
CDrgIleX-D0-00214-00051156-00051401 versus one percent which is highly
CDrgIleX-D0-00215-00051402-00051604 statistically significant so that would
CDrgIleX-D0-00216-00051605-00051826 be your cut off okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00217-00051827-00052066 um in this case but your actual p-value
CDrgIleX-D0-00218-00052067-00052361 might be let's say four percent okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00219-00052362-00052661 so uh so it's just kind of important to
CDrgIleX-D0-00220-00052662-00052823 know what the difference is between the
CDrgIleX-D0-00221-00052824-00052942 two
CDrgIleX-D0-00222-00052944-00053026 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00223-00053027-00053285 and
CDrgIleX-D0-00224-00053286-00053980 yeah that's it all right question
CDrgIleX-D0-00225-00053982-00054388 all right so uh which of these does not
CDrgIleX-D0-00226-00054389-00054575 depend on observed data or simulation
CDrgIleX-D0-00227-00054576-00054780 decide on it before seeing the results
CDrgIleX-D0-00228-00054782-00055030 conventional values are five percent one
CDrgIleX-D0-00229-00055032-00055211 percent and the probability of a
CDrgIleX-D0-00230-00055212-00055594 hypothesis testing making an error
CDrgIleX-D0-00231-00055595-00055787 well that last one could probably be
CDrgIleX-D0-00232-00055788-00056465 slightly better phrase
CDrgIleX-D0-00233-00056466-00056638 is that the p-value or the p-value cut
CDrgIleX-D0-00234-00056639-00057271 off
CDrgIleX-D0-00235-00057272-00057479 I would really like the in-room camera
CDrgIleX-D0-00236-00057479-00057700 to work again but every time I come in
CDrgIleX-D0-00237-00057701-00058415 here it has been moved again
CDrgIleX-D0-00238-00058416-00058649 all right get those answers in let's
CDrgIleX-D0-00239-00058650-00059249 close it up
CDrgIleX-D0-00240-00059250-00059435 all right
CDrgIleX-D0-00241-00059436-00059723 our responses looks like largely correct
CDrgIleX-D0-00242-00059724-00059915 so this is describing the cutoff
CDrgIleX-D0-00243-00059916-00060113 although this last one
CDrgIleX-D0-00244-00060114-00060250 probably could be phrased slightly
CDrgIleX-D0-00245-00060251-00060466 differently now that I read it again
CDrgIleX-D0-00246-00060467-00060616 um because it's really like within the
CDrgIleX-D0-00247-00060617-00060785 probability right because the p-value
CDrgIleX-D0-00248-00060786-00060959 may not be equal to the probability
CDrgIleX-D0-00249-00060960-00061282 cutoff or sorry the p-value cut off
CDrgIleX-D0-00250-00061283-00061511 um it might be you know less if it's
CDrgIleX-D0-00251-00061512-00061888 over then it doesn't need to cut off
CDrgIleX-D0-00252-00061889-00062015 all right
CDrgIleX-D0-00253-00062016-00062303 here's another question look at that
CDrgIleX-D0-00254-00062304-00062525 so error probability and the cutoff for
CDrgIleX-D0-00255-00062526-00064906 p-value is the same
CDrgIleX-D0-00256-00064907-00065747 all right get those answers in
CDrgIleX-D0-00257-00065748-00066179 all right so
CDrgIleX-D0-00258-00066180-00066497 this one well technically this is
CDrgIleX-D0-00259-00066498-00066629 another one that might be phrased a
CDrgIleX-D0-00260-00066630-00066929 little bit better so once
CDrgIleX-D0-00261-00066930-00067211 the p-value meets the cutoff you usually
CDrgIleX-D0-00262-00067212-00067438 just refer to the cutoff so as a result
CDrgIleX-D0-00263-00067439-00067643 the error probability is usually just
CDrgIleX-D0-00264-00067644-00067949 the cut off so
CDrgIleX-D0-00265-00067950-00068213 I might edit this question and say
CDrgIleX-D0-00266-00068214-00068579 they're both right uh kind of okay so in
CDrgIleX-D0-00267-00068580-00068717 common practice
CDrgIleX-D0-00268-00068718-00069100 true is correct okay in like technical
CDrgIleX-D0-00269-00069101-00069413 detail it's not quite true
CDrgIleX-D0-00270-00069414-00070006 does that make sense
CDrgIleX-D0-00271-00070007-00070361 all right so this is something called
CDrgIleX-D0-00272-00070362-00070553 benford's laws anybody ever heard of
CDrgIleX-D0-00273-00070554-00070691 benford's law
CDrgIleX-D0-00274-00070692-00070853 if you were paying attention to politics
CDrgIleX-D0-00275-00070854-00071129 in the last presidential election
CDrgIleX-D0-00276-00071130-00071717 um it was a big drama
CDrgIleX-D0-00277-00071718-00071891 all right well if you weren't paying
CDrgIleX-D0-00278-00071892-00072149 attention to the last U.S election and
CDrgIleX-D0-00279-00072150-00072311 you are American you should be paying
CDrgIleX-D0-00280-00072312-00072479 attention to this one which is next
CDrgIleX-D0-00281-00072480-00072659 Tuesday
CDrgIleX-D0-00282-00072660-00072929 if you didn't already vote you should
CDrgIleX-D0-00283-00072930-00073169 voting is important
CDrgIleX-D0-00284-00073170-00073499 uh I also can't switch Windows
CDrgIleX-D0-00285-00073500-00073703 um so first we're going to demonstrate
CDrgIleX-D0-00286-00073704-00073913 it then we're going to talk about it
CDrgIleX-D0-00287-00073914-00074219 in theory
CDrgIleX-D0-00288-00074220-00074632 all right so benford's law basically
CDrgIleX-D0-00289-00074633-00074956 what benford's law says is that there is
CDrgIleX-D0-00290-00074957-00075293 a higher probability that uh you know if
CDrgIleX-D0-00291-00075294-00075503 you get a bunch of numbers that those
CDrgIleX-D0-00292-00075504-00075767 numbers will start with one then they
CDrgIleX-D0-00293-00075768-00075923 will start with nine
CDrgIleX-D0-00294-00075924-00076144 okay and I think this is super
CDrgIleX-D0-00295-00076145-00076319 fascinating
CDrgIleX-D0-00296-00076320-00076787 um so let me run this
CDrgIleX-D0-00297-00076788-00077141 then again I am easily amused so
CDrgIleX-D0-00298-00077142-00077285 the first thing we're going to do is
CDrgIleX-D0-00299-00077286-00077525 we're going to Define benford's model
CDrgIleX-D0-00300-00077526-00077867 which
CDrgIleX-D0-00301-00077868-00078100 uses some math that we haven't really
CDrgIleX-D0-00302-00078101-00078281 played around with too much
CDrgIleX-D0-00303-00078282-00078629 um but basically it's going to create a
CDrgIleX-D0-00304-00078630-00078743 set
CDrgIleX-D0-00305-00078744-00078815 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00306-00078816-00079049 with the with the correct distribution
CDrgIleX-D0-00307-00079050-00079217 that we've been kind of playing with
CDrgIleX-D0-00308-00079218-00079355 before but I'll kind of show it to you
CDrgIleX-D0-00309-00079356-00079493 as a picture to make it a little simpler
CDrgIleX-D0-00310-00079494-00079655 so
CDrgIleX-D0-00311-00079656-00079961 the probability of getting a 1 is the
CDrgIleX-D0-00312-00079962-00080141 first digit if you take a whole bunch of
CDrgIleX-D0-00313-00080142-00080435 numbers is about 30 percent
CDrgIleX-D0-00314-00080436-00080644 okay and as you can see it steps down
CDrgIleX-D0-00315-00080645-00080843 from there
CDrgIleX-D0-00316-00080844-00081053 right so this is mathematically proven
CDrgIleX-D0-00317-00081054-00081394 so this is true under some conditions
CDrgIleX-D0-00318-00081395-00081647 and those conditions are primarily that
CDrgIleX-D0-00319-00081648-00081888 the set of numbers have to be large okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00320-00081889-00082229 uh and if it's not or the numbers have
CDrgIleX-D0-00321-00082230-00082511 to be large themselves okay and if it's
CDrgIleX-D0-00322-00082512-00082787 not it doesn't always work as well so
CDrgIleX-D0-00323-00082788-00083225 this is um and so by way of example
CDrgIleX-D0-00324-00083226-00083375 well first of all we're going to write a
CDrgIleX-D0-00325-00083376-00083488 little function that's going to help us
CDrgIleX-D0-00326-00083489-00083837 test this to see if we believe it
CDrgIleX-D0-00327-00083838-00084106 so can anybody tell me how I could go
CDrgIleX-D0-00328-00084107-00084244 about getting
CDrgIleX-D0-00329-00084245-00085859 the first digit in a number
CDrgIleX-D0-00330-00085860-00086044 position
CDrgIleX-D0-00331-00086045-00086243 and how would I do that if I have a
CDrgIleX-D0-00332-00086244-00086938 number
CDrgIleX-D0-00333-00086939-00087173 that would be kind of one way that I'm
CDrgIleX-D0-00334-00087174-00087353 talking about kind of the simpler part
CDrgIleX-D0-00335-00087354-00087605 of it is like if I have a number there's
CDrgIleX-D0-00336-00087606-00087869 no indexing into it right so how do I
CDrgIleX-D0-00337-00087870-00088037 make it so that I can index into a
CDrgIleX-D0-00338-00088038-00088450 number
CDrgIleX-D0-00339-00088451-00088637 I could that would be a very long slow
CDrgIleX-D0-00340-00088638-00089044 way to do it but it would work
CDrgIleX-D0-00341-00089045-00089285 exactly turn it into a string
CDrgIleX-D0-00342-00089286-00089537 um so what we're going to do is we're
CDrgIleX-D0-00343-00089538-00089753 going to turn it into a string by doing
CDrgIleX-D0-00344-00089754-00089993 Str num
CDrgIleX-D0-00345-00089994-00090238 okay and then to your earlier point
CDrgIleX-D0-00346-00090239-00090361 we're going to take the first position
CDrgIleX-D0-00347-00090362-00090599 but then we actually want it to be back
CDrgIleX-D0-00348-00090600-00090767 as a number right so we're going to
CDrgIleX-D0-00349-00090768-00090899 convert it back
CDrgIleX-D0-00350-00090900-00091055 to an INT
CDrgIleX-D0-00351-00091056-00091312 afterwards
CDrgIleX-D0-00352-00091313-00091571 um you forgot we're lazy so we have to
CDrgIleX-D0-00353-00091572-00091744 have tricks so that we don't have to
CDrgIleX-D0-00354-00091745-00091961 actually do work and math
CDrgIleX-D0-00355-00091962-00092182 um so this will give us a little
CDrgIleX-D0-00356-00092183-00092332 function that will tell us what's the
CDrgIleX-D0-00357-00092333-00092488 first digit in any number that we give
CDrgIleX-D0-00358-00092489-00092753 it to it we give to it
CDrgIleX-D0-00359-00092754-00093005 uh so for example I should get a 3 here
CDrgIleX-D0-00360-00093006-00093329 eventually
CDrgIleX-D0-00361-00093330-00093562 um and here actually get a one right so
CDrgIleX-D0-00362-00093563-00093671 it's just going to give us back the
CDrgIleX-D0-00363-00093672-00093893 first digit every time
CDrgIleX-D0-00364-00093894-00094150 so
CDrgIleX-D0-00365-00094151-00094715 we're going to now error
CDrgIleX-D0-00366-00094716-00094859 oh I forgot I have question marks in
CDrgIleX-D0-00367-00094860-00094949 here
CDrgIleX-D0-00368-00094950-00095182 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00369-00095183-00095447 okay so the first thing we're going to
CDrgIleX-D0-00370-00095448-00095753 do let me actually just show yeah so I
CDrgIleX-D0-00371-00095754-00096094 have this commented out
CDrgIleX-D0-00372-00096095-00096275 oops
CDrgIleX-D0-00373-00096276-00097355 oh my goodness come on really
CDrgIleX-D0-00374-00097356-00097481 I'm just going to show it to you this
CDrgIleX-D0-00375-00097482-00097649 way rather than the way I described to
CDrgIleX-D0-00376-00097650-00097793 myself
CDrgIleX-D0-00377-00097794-00098056 um but as you can see so this table has
CDrgIleX-D0-00378-00098057-00098332 a whole mess of columns okay and let's
CDrgIleX-D0-00379-00098333-00098831 say the only columns I want to use
CDrgIleX-D0-00380-00098832-00099005 are let's see
CDrgIleX-D0-00381-00099006-00099088 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00382-00099089-00099359 state county
CDrgIleX-D0-00383-00099360-00099593 and
CDrgIleX-D0-00384-00099594-00100438 I think it's just called population
CDrgIleX-D0-00385-00100439-00101321 no we want and let's see
CDrgIleX-D0-00386-00101322-00101531 yeah we have we want pop population
CDrgIleX-D0-00387-00101532-00101788 estimate 2010 for the sake of this
CDrgIleX-D0-00388-00101789-00101921 experiment
CDrgIleX-D0-00389-00101922-00102305 so in my little question mark here
CDrgIleX-D0-00390-00102306-00102406 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00391-00102407-00102797 what would I typically put there to get
CDrgIleX-D0-00392-00102798-00103330 just those columns
CDrgIleX-D0-00393-00103331-00103571 their names but there's an easier way to
CDrgIleX-D0-00394-00103572-00103751 do it especially when the names are long
CDrgIleX-D0-00395-00103752-00104021 and you're lazy so you can actually and
CDrgIleX-D0-00396-00104022-00104189 this is why I didn't know what it was
CDrgIleX-D0-00397-00104190-00104423 off my head from reading my notes
CDrgIleX-D0-00398-00104424-00104758 um is I can just put the position
CDrgIleX-D0-00399-00104759-00104969 of the columns that I want
CDrgIleX-D0-00400-00104970-00105190 okay so just make sure your positions
CDrgIleX-D0-00401-00105191-00105665 are correct right so zero one two
CDrgIleX-D0-00402-00105666-00105965 wait what
CDrgIleX-D0-00403-00105966-00106402 do I have the right calls
CDrgIleX-D0-00404-00106403-00106601 did I just miss count I'm very good at
CDrgIleX-D0-00405-00106602-00106727 that
CDrgIleX-D0-00406-00106728-00106816 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00407-00106817-00106949 so let's see if we end up with the right
CDrgIleX-D0-00408-00106950-00107327 thing
CDrgIleX-D0-00409-00107328-00107884 I do end up with the right thing
CDrgIleX-D0-00410-00107885-00108083 all right well long story short it's
CDrgIleX-D0-00411-00108083-00108245 just the column position
CDrgIleX-D0-00412-00108246-00108371 um and that way you can just grab it
CDrgIleX-D0-00413-00108372-00108569 without having to get the names right
CDrgIleX-D0-00414-00108570-00108839 um I'm way likely to have a typo
CDrgIleX-D0-00415-00108840-00109001 um and normally I can count correctly
CDrgIleX-D0-00416-00109002-00109199 but apparently not today
CDrgIleX-D0-00417-00109200-00109373 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00418-00109374-00109607 however I have off by one errors all the
CDrgIleX-D0-00419-00109608-00109751 time so now we have a table that just
CDrgIleX-D0-00420-00109752-00109852 has the state the counting the
CDrgIleX-D0-00421-00109853-00110069 population and so we're going to play
CDrgIleX-D0-00422-00110070-00110381 with benford's law here
CDrgIleX-D0-00423-00110382-00110675 okay and so
CDrgIleX-D0-00424-00110676-00110969 if we want to present
CDrgIleX-D0-00425-00110970-00111089 let me make sure I'm looking at the
CDrgIleX-D0-00426-00111090-00111352 right thing
CDrgIleX-D0-00427-00111353-00111658 so if we want to get let's say a new
CDrgIleX-D0-00428-00111659-00111893 column with just those first digits so
CDrgIleX-D0-00429-00111894-00112025 that we don't have to calculate it every
CDrgIleX-D0-00430-00112026-00112204 time right so one of the things we're
CDrgIleX-D0-00431-00112205-00112349 often trying to do when we're doing this
CDrgIleX-D0-00432-00112350-00112457 stuff is we want to make things more
CDrgIleX-D0-00433-00112458-00112625 efficient so instead of trying to
CDrgIleX-D0-00434-00112626-00112781 calculate the first digits of all the
CDrgIleX-D0-00435-00112782-00113086 counties populations each time maybe
CDrgIleX-D0-00436-00113088-00113266 I'll just do it once and then kind of
CDrgIleX-D0-00437-00113267-00113489 store it on the table directly so then I
CDrgIleX-D0-00438-00113490-00113645 have it when I want to do further
CDrgIleX-D0-00439-00113646-00113902 manipulation later does that make sense
CDrgIleX-D0-00440-00113903-00114334 okay so how would I go about getting the
CDrgIleX-D0-00441-00114335-00114707 first digit of each population in the
CDrgIleX-D0-00442-00114708-00114983 table
CDrgIleX-D0-00443-00114983-00115654 so like what's the method I would use
CDrgIleX-D0-00444-00115655-00115949 uh that will give you that'll give you
CDrgIleX-D0-00445-00115950-00116183 rows it'll give you certain rows what I
CDrgIleX-D0-00446-00116183-00116434 want to do is I want the first digit off
CDrgIleX-D0-00447-00116435-00116866 of an entire column
CDrgIleX-D0-00448-00116867-00117034 any other ideas
CDrgIleX-D0-00449-00117035-00117671 apply apply yes and apply what oops
CDrgIleX-D0-00450-00117672-00118073 yeah
CDrgIleX-D0-00451-00118074-00118840 some question marks
CDrgIleX-D0-00452-00118841-00119195 okay so that's going to give us
CDrgIleX-D0-00453-00119196-00119477 an array with just the first digits
CDrgIleX-D0-00454-00119478-00119639 based on the population then I'm going
CDrgIleX-D0-00455-00119640-00119819 to take that array and shove it into the
CDrgIleX-D0-00456-00119820-00120040 table in a column called first digit
CDrgIleX-D0-00457-00120041-00120275 right and so you see it's now five right
CDrgIleX-D0-00458-00120276-00120702 one two adding tonight
CDrgIleX-D0-00459-00120703-00120871 all right
CDrgIleX-D0-00460-00120872-00121145 and so I don't know why I have this
CDrgIleX-D0-00461-00121146-00121295 number I was here because it's actually
CDrgIleX-D0-00462-00121296-00121697 just 31 39 plus 10 right or dot plus 3.
CDrgIleX-D0-00463-00121698-00121883 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00464-00121883-00122093 but
CDrgIleX-D0-00465-00122094-00122284 oh sorry I needed later I thought I was
CDrgIleX-D0-00466-00122285-00122399 displaying it
CDrgIleX-D0-00467-00122400-00122566 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00468-00122567-00122734 so
CDrgIleX-D0-00469-00122735-00122969 now what I want to do is basically
CDrgIleX-D0-00470-00122970-00123173 visually check
CDrgIleX-D0-00471-00123174-00123478 my existing or you know what I know
CDrgIleX-D0-00472-00123479-00123815 benford's law says it should be okay and
CDrgIleX-D0-00473-00123816-00124036 the counties that I looked at
CDrgIleX-D0-00474-00124038-00124145 okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00475-00124146-00124313 and
CDrgIleX-D0-00476-00124314-00124558 I think this is correct so what I can do
CDrgIleX-D0-00477-00124559-00124865 is just create a bar chart that has both
CDrgIleX-D0-00478-00124866-00125381 sets right by taking my first digit
CDrgIleX-D0-00479-00125382-00125807 column right and my
CDrgIleX-D0-00480-00125808-00126034 in basically doing the proportion of
CDrgIleX-D0-00481-00126035-00126275 those columns or of those first digits
CDrgIleX-D0-00482-00126276-00126652 and then display it in a new table with
CDrgIleX-D0-00483-00126653-00126840 the Benford model that we did before
CDrgIleX-D0-00484-00126841-00127084 it's gracious
CDrgIleX-D0-00485-00127085-00127481 um and so we can see how we did okay and
CDrgIleX-D0-00486-00127482-00127619 so one of the things that I want to kind
CDrgIleX-D0-00487-00127620-00127823 of point out here let me actually maybe
CDrgIleX-D0-00488-00127824-00128104 I will open the CSE
CDrgIleX-D0-00489-00128105-00129214 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00490-00129215-00129425 so
CDrgIleX-D0-00491-00129426-00129695 if you look at the difference between
CDrgIleX-D0-00492-00129696-00130031 this number and uh the one immediately
CDrgIleX-D0-00493-00130032-00130204 above it which I don't know if I can
CDrgIleX-D0-00494-00130205-00130354 select them both
CDrgIleX-D0-00495-00130355-00130504 of course
CDrgIleX-D0-00496-00130505-00130660 so
CDrgIleX-D0-00497-00130661-00130877 so like if we look at these two
CDrgIleX-D0-00498-00130878-00131104 not only are they pretty big numbers but
CDrgIleX-D0-00499-00131105-00131243 there's what's called an order of
CDrgIleX-D0-00500-00131244-00131489 magnitude difference in those numbers so
CDrgIleX-D0-00501-00131490-00131681 we have a lot of changes in order to
CDrgIleX-D0-00502-00131682-00131885 magnitude so in other words like how
CDrgIleX-D0-00503-00131886-00132071 many digits is it
CDrgIleX-D0-00504-00132072-00132275 okay and if there's not a lot of
CDrgIleX-D0-00505-00132276-00132454 variability between them like if they
CDrgIleX-D0-00506-00132455-00132604 don't if they don't have enough of a
CDrgIleX-D0-00507-00132605-00132851 range benford's law won't work
CDrgIleX-D0-00508-00132852-00133133 okay so it's pretty limited but it's
CDrgIleX-D0-00509-00133134-00133331 kind of useful when you're looking at
CDrgIleX-D0-00510-00133332-00133547 say for example a census population it
CDrgIleX-D0-00511-00133548-00133757 kind of gives you an idea of where they
CDrgIleX-D0-00512-00133758-00133954 should be okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00513-00133955-00134123 um and whether this is a good way to
CDrgIleX-D0-00514-00134124-00134297 like test your data so if you dump this
CDrgIleX-D0-00515-00134298-00134609 into all the counties and your Grid or
CDrgIleX-D0-00516-00134610-00134801 I'm sorry in your history uh bar graph
CDrgIleX-D0-00517-00134802-00134993 didn't end up looking something like
CDrgIleX-D0-00518-00134994-00135107 this
CDrgIleX-D0-00519-00135108-00135233 then maybe that means there's something
CDrgIleX-D0-00520-00135234-00135473 wrong with your data okay because it
CDrgIleX-D0-00521-00135474-00135695 should if you look at the County's data
CDrgIleX-D0-00522-00135696-00135887 you can tell that there's a lot of
CDrgIleX-D0-00523-00135888-00136139 orders of magnitude change between all
CDrgIleX-D0-00524-00136140-00136354 the different numbers
CDrgIleX-D0-00525-00136355-00136499 that make sense
CDrgIleX-D0-00526-00136500-00136654 so it's just a kind of another way that
CDrgIleX-D0-00527-00136655-00136871 you can kind of cross-check your data or
CDrgIleX-D0-00528-00136872-00137116 you know kind of later on we can also
CDrgIleX-D0-00529-00137117-00137290 use it maybe to make predictions or or
CDrgIleX-D0-00530-00137291-00137519 try to make predictions or the example
CDrgIleX-D0-00531-00137520-00137675 we're going to give is can it be used to
CDrgIleX-D0-00532-00137676-00137969 detect fraud okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00533-00137970-00138233 so
CDrgIleX-D0-00534-00138234-00139073 foreign
CDrgIleX-D0-00535-00139074-00139283 yeah it's um
CDrgIleX-D0-00536-00139284-00140309 it's log 10 of the digits basically
CDrgIleX-D0-00537-00140310-00140993 I don't know if I can
CDrgIleX-D0-00538-00140994-00141214 um and I think we draw it again or we
CDrgIleX-D0-00539-00141215-00141425 talk about it more on the slide soon
CDrgIleX-D0-00540-00141426-00141754 um I think uh so in order to test this
CDrgIleX-D0-00541-00141755-00141971 right so we see that it's kind of close
CDrgIleX-D0-00542-00141972-00142240 but it's not always right right so but
CDrgIleX-D0-00543-00142241-00142397 we have the same problem here so we want
CDrgIleX-D0-00544-00142398-00142637 to think about how can we test this to
CDrgIleX-D0-00545-00142638-00142961 see if it's good or not
CDrgIleX-D0-00546-00142962-00143164 um and so we're going to first create a
CDrgIleX-D0-00547-00143165-00143314 null hypothesis right the distribution
CDrgIleX-D0-00548-00143315-00143513 of County populations follows the
CDrgIleX-D0-00549-00143514-00143711 benford's law and the distribution of
CDrgIleX-D0-00550-00143712-00143873 the county populations does not follow
CDrgIleX-D0-00551-00143874-00144173 benford's law and so
CDrgIleX-D0-00552-00144174-00144413 what do we think the test statistic
CDrgIleX-D0-00553-00144414-00144611 should be and I try to leave this as
CDrgIleX-D0-00554-00144612-00144761 question marks for you so you can write
CDrgIleX-D0-00555-00144762-00144911 down if you wanted and then while you're
CDrgIleX-D0-00556-00144912-00145114 thinking about that
CDrgIleX-D0-00557-00145115-00145223 if
CDrgIleX-D0-00558-00145224-00145504 we want higher values of the test
CDrgIleX-D0-00559-00145505-00145666 statistic which will favor the
CDrgIleX-D0-00560-00145667-00145943 alternative or is it lower values of the
CDrgIleX-D0-00561-00145944-00146333 test statistic favors the alternative
CDrgIleX-D0-00562-00146334-00146531 okay so you got to think about both what
CDrgIleX-D0-00563-00146532-00146740 kind of statistic do you want to use and
CDrgIleX-D0-00564-00146741-00147016 then like how do you read it right it's
CDrgIleX-D0-00565-00147017-00147173 like you know if you want to hire test
CDrgIleX-D0-00566-00147174-00147414 statistic or a lower test assist test
CDrgIleX-D0-00567-00147415-00147839 statistic uh to get it to be like with
CDrgIleX-D0-00568-00147840-00148289 the alternative for example
CDrgIleX-D0-00569-00148290-00148493 all right what do y'all think we should
CDrgIleX-D0-00570-00148494-00149975 use
CDrgIleX-D0-00571-00149976-00150178 okay it is
CDrgIleX-D0-00572-00150179-00150340 so this goes back to the lecture we did
CDrgIleX-D0-00573-00150341-00150569 last time of kind of looking at
CDrgIleX-D0-00574-00150570-00150911 this is uh what did I call it here just
CDrgIleX-D0-00575-00150912-00151211 so we use the same language
CDrgIleX-D0-00576-00151212-00151516 so we have two categorical distributions
CDrgIleX-D0-00577-00151517-00151690 and what we want to know is how far
CDrgIleX-D0-00578-00151691-00152051 apart they are right because we have
CDrgIleX-D0-00579-00152052-00152249 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00580-00152250-00152483 yeah so how how far apart are these
CDrgIleX-D0-00581-00152484-00152578 things because the categorical
CDrgIleX-D0-00582-00152579-00152771 distribution is like how what are those
CDrgIleX-D0-00583-00152772-00153047 uh first digits
CDrgIleX-D0-00584-00153048-00153190 right because that's not they're not
CDrgIleX-D0-00585-00153191-00153389 really numbers anymore
CDrgIleX-D0-00586-00153390-00153593 right they're just digits they're just
CDrgIleX-D0-00587-00153594-00153778 like a category you know we have certain
CDrgIleX-D0-00588-00153779-00153947 countries that are in the one category
CDrgIleX-D0-00589-00153948-00154061 certain counties that are in the two
CDrgIleX-D0-00590-00154062-00154283 categories so which
CDrgIleX-D0-00591-00154284-00154597 test statistic do we use to compare
CDrgIleX-D0-00592-00154598-00155014 benford's model to the categories of
CDrgIleX-D0-00593-00155015-00155825 counties
CDrgIleX-D0-00594-00155826-00156364 but the statistic is
CDrgIleX-D0-00595-00156365-00156557 trying to remember what I wrote
CDrgIleX-D0-00596-00156558-00156785 um so it's the it's the total variation
CDrgIleX-D0-00597-00156786-00156976 distance is that what it says kind of
CDrgIleX-D0-00598-00156977-00157228 further on in that same bullet
CDrgIleX-D0-00599-00157229-00157349 okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00600-00157350-00157631 um so basically when we're looking at
CDrgIleX-D0-00601-00157632-00157852 two categorical distributions we can't
CDrgIleX-D0-00602-00157853-00158081 kind of compare them like apples to
CDrgIleX-D0-00603-00158082-00158249 apples per se so that's why we use the
CDrgIleX-D0-00604-00158250-00158447 total variation distance because we can
CDrgIleX-D0-00605-00158448-00158609 say hey we have this distribution over
CDrgIleX-D0-00606-00158610-00158759 here we have this distribution over here
CDrgIleX-D0-00607-00158760-00159028 so we can actually look at how far apart
CDrgIleX-D0-00608-00159029-00159257 they are to kind of say okay this
CDrgIleX-D0-00609-00159258-00159437 benford's model which is measuring we
CDrgIleX-D0-00610-00159438-00159689 don't know what right and we have the
CDrgIleX-D0-00611-00159690-00159964 counties in grouped into categories so
CDrgIleX-D0-00612-00159965-00160223 now we can say hey how far apart are
CDrgIleX-D0-00613-00160224-00160361 those two distributions from each other
CDrgIleX-D0-00614-00160362-00160654 and that's what we do with the TVD
CDrgIleX-D0-00615-00160655-00160925 um so anybody have an idea of whether
CDrgIleX-D0-00616-00160926-00161093 now remember
CDrgIleX-D0-00617-00161094-00161333 so which which way is it going to be we
CDrgIleX-D0-00618-00161334-00161531 want a bigger number for the alternative
CDrgIleX-D0-00619-00161532-00161740 to be true or do we want a smaller
CDrgIleX-D0-00620-00161741-00161909 number for the alternative to be true
CDrgIleX-D0-00621-00161910-00162076 and remember the alternative in this
CDrgIleX-D0-00622-00162077-00162304 case is the county populations do not
CDrgIleX-D0-00623-00162305-00162754 follow benford's law
CDrgIleX-D0-00624-00162755-00163037 right so we want a bigger number right
CDrgIleX-D0-00625-00163038-00163216 if we want the alternative to be true or
CDrgIleX-D0-00626-00163217-00163361 whatever I mean that's the way it's
CDrgIleX-D0-00627-00163362-00163523 going to work
CDrgIleX-D0-00628-00163524-00163654 um oops I thought I was scrolling the
CDrgIleX-D0-00629-00163655-00163907 other window
CDrgIleX-D0-00630-00163908-00164393 okay so in order to get the TBD
CDrgIleX-D0-00631-00164394-00164711 how do we calculate the uh total
CDrgIleX-D0-00632-00164712-00164945 variation distance
CDrgIleX-D0-00633-00164946-00166007 remember from last time
CDrgIleX-D0-00634-00166008-00166493 ideas anyone
CDrgIleX-D0-00635-00166494-00166690 all right so we'll start off with we're
CDrgIleX-D0-00636-00166691-00166835 just going to subtract the two from each
CDrgIleX-D0-00637-00166836-00166943 other
CDrgIleX-D0-00638-00166944-00167531 okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00639-00167532-00167776 all right but now what do we want to do
CDrgIleX-D0-00640-00167777-00167963 here right like what do we want to do
CDrgIleX-D0-00641-00167964-00168454 because we want distance not Direction
CDrgIleX-D0-00642-00168455-00168659 absolute value
CDrgIleX-D0-00643-00168660-00168952 and then
CDrgIleX-D0-00644-00168953-00169235 we're going to try to even it out and so
CDrgIleX-D0-00645-00169236-00169354 what we're going to do is essentially is
CDrgIleX-D0-00646-00169355-00169499 add those up
CDrgIleX-D0-00647-00169500-00169649 so that we kind of end up with one
CDrgIleX-D0-00648-00169650-00170033 number right but because we added them
CDrgIleX-D0-00649-00170034-00170213 all together right because remember this
CDrgIleX-D0-00650-00170214-00170357 is two arrays so when we do that
CDrgIleX-D0-00651-00170358-00170543 subtraction oops I forgot the absolute
CDrgIleX-D0-00652-00170544-00170675 value
CDrgIleX-D0-00653-00170676-00170861 um
CDrgIleX-D0-00654-00170862-00171281 we actually get two more arrays
CDrgIleX-D0-00655-00171282-00171557 so we want to kind of Crash those arrays
CDrgIleX-D0-00656-00171558-00171809 into like one number okay so now we have
CDrgIleX-D0-00657-00171810-00172025 the subtraction right but it's two
CDrgIleX-D0-00658-00172026-00172181 arrays now we've gotten rid of the
CDrgIleX-D0-00659-00172182-00172331 negative sign so now we know it's just
CDrgIleX-D0-00660-00172332-00172457 distance that's what the absolute value
CDrgIleX-D0-00661-00172458-00172714 does but then we're going to sum it so
CDrgIleX-D0-00662-00172715-00173039 that we can turn that result into like
CDrgIleX-D0-00663-00173040-00173297 one number but then we're going to
CDrgIleX-D0-00664-00173298-00173489 divide it by two to kind of offset the
CDrgIleX-D0-00665-00173490-00174028 fact that we we summed it up
CDrgIleX-D0-00666-00174029-00174383 all right so we end up with an observed
CDrgIleX-D0-00667-00174384-00174551 um total valuation Just A variation
CDrgIleX-D0-00668-00174552-00174731 distance
CDrgIleX-D0-00669-00174732-00175061 um a a pretty small number right it's
CDrgIleX-D0-00670-00175062-00175361 just you know it's it's about one or uh
CDrgIleX-D0-00671-00175362-00175607 point zero two
CDrgIleX-D0-00672-00175608-00175781 which means that we think they're
CDrgIleX-D0-00673-00175782-00175973 probably pretty close
CDrgIleX-D0-00674-00175974-00176123 however
CDrgIleX-D0-00675-00176124-00176326 essentially what we did we took one
CDrgIleX-D0-00676-00176327-00176573 sample right it happens to be the real
CDrgIleX-D0-00677-00176574-00176837 sample but that doesn't necessarily tell
CDrgIleX-D0-00678-00176838-00177097 us that all the counties in the future
CDrgIleX-D0-00679-00177098-00177490 will stay that way right so what we want
CDrgIleX-D0-00680-00177491-00177809 to do is actually simulate it so that we
CDrgIleX-D0-00681-00177810-00178097 can say okay we observed it once in the
CDrgIleX-D0-00682-00178098-00178438 real world with this you know result and
CDrgIleX-D0-00683-00178439-00178697 we end up with a very they're very close
CDrgIleX-D0-00684-00178698-00179063 however 20 years from now will they
CDrgIleX-D0-00685-00179064-00179302 still follow benford's law we don't know
CDrgIleX-D0-00686-00179303-00179459 right because all we have is this one
CDrgIleX-D0-00687-00179460-00179735 point in time for probably right there's
CDrgIleX-D0-00688-00179736-00179921 a good chance but we really don't know
CDrgIleX-D0-00689-00179922-00180095 so we're going to take and we're going
CDrgIleX-D0-00690-00180096-00180275 to actually do some sampling to
CDrgIleX-D0-00691-00180276-00180509 basically simulate what it might look
CDrgIleX-D0-00692-00180510-00180881 like in 20 years or 20 years ago
CDrgIleX-D0-00693-00180882-00181121 and so what we do is now we use our
CDrgIleX-D0-00694-00181122-00181240 sample proportions that we were doing
CDrgIleX-D0-00695-00181241-00181433 before
CDrgIleX-D0-00696-00181434-00181697 um to get to what the proportions we're
CDrgIleX-D0-00697-00181698-00182038 looking for are
CDrgIleX-D0-00698-00182039-00182314 or the like the values
CDrgIleX-D0-00699-00182315-00182537 um and then we can actually simulate it
CDrgIleX-D0-00700-00182538-00182854 a bunch of times
CDrgIleX-D0-00701-00182855-00183028 but first
CDrgIleX-D0-00702-00183029-00183202 oops
CDrgIleX-D0-00703-00183203-00183454 let's just calculate
CDrgIleX-D0-00704-00183455-00184337 our TBD again
CDrgIleX-D0-00705-00184338-00184726 make sure I miss anything else
CDrgIleX-D0-00706-00184727-00184901 right so here's kind of doing it once
CDrgIleX-D0-00707-00184902-00185140 but in fact we want to make it as an
CDrgIleX-D0-00708-00185141-00185387 array uh sorry a function so that we can
CDrgIleX-D0-00709-00185388-00185585 call it a whole bunch of times and then
CDrgIleX-D0-00710-00185586-00185711 kind of just like we've been doing all
CDrgIleX-D0-00711-00185712-00186004 the way along we're going to now
CDrgIleX-D0-00712-00186005-00186263 run it a bunch of times and we're just
CDrgIleX-D0-00713-00186264-00186490 going to keep appending the result to
CDrgIleX-D0-00714-00186491-00186851 our kind of uh collector
CDrgIleX-D0-00715-00186852-00187204 and we're going to say simulated
CDrgIleX-D0-00716-00187205-00187516 DVDs
CDrgIleX-D0-00717-00187517-00187793 and
CDrgIleX-D0-00718-00187794-00188225 our new function up here
CDrgIleX-D0-00719-00188226-00188926 which I don't remember if I ran or not
CDrgIleX-D0-00720-00188927-00189107 okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00721-00189108-00189563 so now in simulated tvds I should have
CDrgIleX-D0-00722-00189564-00189887 um a whole bunch of runs of pretend sets
CDrgIleX-D0-00723-00189888-00190043 of counties
CDrgIleX-D0-00724-00190044-00190223 but following that same distribution
CDrgIleX-D0-00725-00190224-00190811 they had originally
CDrgIleX-D0-00726-00190812-00191243 and I feel like I have a bug because
CDrgIleX-D0-00727-00191244-00191566 that looks too
CDrgIleX-D0-00728-00191567-00192281 straight
CDrgIleX-D0-00729-00192282-00192901 foreign
CDrgIleX-D0-00730-00192902-00193487 these things again
CDrgIleX-D0-00731-00193488-00193649 all right so we should be sampling your
CDrgIleX-D0-00732-00193650-00193763 proportions
CDrgIleX-D0-00733-00193764-00194416 and we have our function
CDrgIleX-D0-00734-00194417-00195252 it's still coming out the same
CDrgIleX-D0-00735-00195253-00195628 well funnily enough it's working it's
CDrgIleX-D0-00736-00195629-00195821 just that I don't believe it right
CDrgIleX-D0-00737-00195822-00196037 because I expect to see a histogram
CDrgIleX-D0-00738-00196038-00196247 right because it's not going to come out
CDrgIleX-D0-00739-00196248-00196445 perfectly every time and this is coming
CDrgIleX-D0-00740-00196446-00196625 out perfectly which makes me think I did
CDrgIleX-D0-00741-00196626-00196799 something wrong
CDrgIleX-D0-00742-00196800-00197933 um I just can't figure out what it is
CDrgIleX-D0-00743-00197934-00199840 let me just
CDrgIleX-D0-00744-00199841-00200038 oh
CDrgIleX-D0-00745-00200039-00200273 yep I had a bug
CDrgIleX-D0-00746-00200274-00200495 so instead of using the thing I'm
CDrgIleX-D0-00747-00200496-00200783 creating each time I was using the fixed
CDrgIleX-D0-00748-00200784-00201095 one before so I I ran 10 000 times at
CDrgIleX-D0-00749-00201096-00201257 the exact same thing
CDrgIleX-D0-00750-00201258-00201575 so that's why it didn't work
CDrgIleX-D0-00751-00201576-00201802 okay so now this is looking better right
CDrgIleX-D0-00752-00201803-00201959 our array is a little bit more all over
CDrgIleX-D0-00753-00201960-00202133 the place and now we should have a
CDrgIleX-D0-00754-00202134-00202240 histogram that looks a little bit more
CDrgIleX-D0-00755-00202241-00202349 reasonable
CDrgIleX-D0-00756-00202350-00202654 okay so when we simulate it
CDrgIleX-D0-00757-00202655-00202852 so if you notice though it's not perfect
CDrgIleX-D0-00758-00202853-00203081 right because what we what we want it to
CDrgIleX-D0-00759-00203082-00203452 be is is zero right but it's not going
CDrgIleX-D0-00760-00203453-00203735 to be it's just going to be close
CDrgIleX-D0-00761-00203736-00203933 so as a result though we can make a
CDrgIleX-D0-00762-00203934-00204376 pretty good guess that in this case
CDrgIleX-D0-00763-00204377-00204738 let's see if we get
CDrgIleX-D0-00764-00204739-00204977 so we can kind of make a pretty good
CDrgIleX-D0-00765-00204978-00205258 guess that that null hypothesis in this
CDrgIleX-D0-00766-00205259-00205577 case is probably true okay because our
CDrgIleX-D0-00767-00205578-00205805 null hypothesis up here was that it
CDrgIleX-D0-00768-00205806-00206062 follows benford's law and so what we
CDrgIleX-D0-00769-00206063-00206321 wanted if the alternative was true was a
CDrgIleX-D0-00770-00206321-00206548 bigger number but if we want the null to
CDrgIleX-D0-00771-00206550-00206873 be true then a smaller number and so we
CDrgIleX-D0-00772-00206873-00207034 can kind of see it here this is also
CDrgIleX-D0-00773-00207035-00207232 showing up and to be honest I think it
CDrgIleX-D0-00774-00207233-00207401 shows it less well
CDrgIleX-D0-00775-00207402-00207581 um but
CDrgIleX-D0-00776-00207582-00207773 I like the histogram so as you can see
CDrgIleX-D0-00777-00207773-00207910 right it's a relatively small number
CDrgIleX-D0-00778-00207911-00208132 most of the times we ran the same
CDrgIleX-D0-00779-00208133-00208301 does that make sense
CDrgIleX-D0-00780-00208302-00208523 so what you've got to do is like yes you
CDrgIleX-D0-00781-00208523-00208708 have an observed statistic that's great
CDrgIleX-D0-00782-00208709-00208996 but that's actually not enough to say
CDrgIleX-D0-00783-00208998-00209290 it's true you need to observe it right
CDrgIleX-D0-00784-00209291-00209555 like in this case we observed it ten
CDrgIleX-D0-00785-00209556-00209692 thousand times
CDrgIleX-D0-00786-00209694-00209884 we don't actually want to observe it ten
CDrgIleX-D0-00787-00209885-00209998 thousand times because that's too
CDrgIleX-D0-00788-00210000-00210208 difficult so instead we simulate
CDrgIleX-D0-00789-00210209-00210484 observing it ten thousand times
CDrgIleX-D0-00790-00210485-00210665 right and the different types of
CDrgIleX-D0-00791-00210666-00210910 simulation are appropriate to basically
CDrgIleX-D0-00792-00210911-00211084 different types of
CDrgIleX-D0-00793-00211085-00211360 you know how much observed data you have
CDrgIleX-D0-00794-00211361-00211582 the kind of observed data you have so
CDrgIleX-D0-00795-00211583-00211867 that you can make a good simulation
CDrgIleX-D0-00796-00211867-00212129 based on that data right because if you
CDrgIleX-D0-00797-00212130-00212525 have for example like five examples
CDrgIleX-D0-00798-00212526-00212806 simulating it this way may not work as
CDrgIleX-D0-00799-00212807-00213046 well because maybe it's gonna there's
CDrgIleX-D0-00800-00213048-00213179 not going to be enough Randomness
CDrgIleX-D0-00801-00213180-00213310 there's not going to be or there's going
CDrgIleX-D0-00802-00213311-00213437 to be too much Randomness so you got to
CDrgIleX-D0-00803-00213438-00213629 think about the you know which problem
CDrgIleX-D0-00804-00213630-00213851 are you trying to solve and then apply
CDrgIleX-D0-00805-00213852-00214205 the appropriate way of simulating it and
CDrgIleX-D0-00806-00214206-00214403 hopefully you know hopefully you'll get
CDrgIleX-D0-00807-00214404-00214591 those kind of from the lectures but also
CDrgIleX-D0-00808-00214592-00214805 this is where we practice them the
CDrgIleX-D0-00809-00214806-00214967 homeworks and then you know somewhere
CDrgIleX-D0-00810-00214967-00215153 before the final exam there will be uh
CDrgIleX-D0-00811-00215154-00215321 you know kind of a sheet like that's
CDrgIleX-D0-00812-00215321-00215441 kind of what I've shown in the last
CDrgIleX-D0-00813-00215442-00215729 lecture it's like you have this scenario
CDrgIleX-D0-00814-00215730-00215939 you have this kind of data this is what
CDrgIleX-D0-00815-00215940-00216287 you should be using
CDrgIleX-D0-00816-00216288-00216437 right and it's kind of like a lookup
CDrgIleX-D0-00817-00216438-00216598 table
CDrgIleX-D0-00818-00216600-00216958 all right so as we can see from up here
CDrgIleX-D0-00819-00216959-00217103 more like I said I think it's better
CDrgIleX-D0-00820-00217104-00217258 than the other one
CDrgIleX-D0-00821-00217259-00217415 um it does seem that it's consistent
CDrgIleX-D0-00822-00217416-00217744 with the null hypothesis
CDrgIleX-D0-00823-00217746-00218603 so
CDrgIleX-D0-00824-00218604-00218801 let me change Pages for me there we go
CDrgIleX-D0-00825-00218802-00218963 all right so
CDrgIleX-D0-00826-00218964-00219167 first thing before we kind of move into
CDrgIleX-D0-00827-00219167-00219515 the like real example of benford's law
CDrgIleX-D0-00828-00219516-00219881 um this is a pull-out quote from uh real
CDrgIleX-D0-00829-00219882-00220198 I think it was a
CDrgIleX-D0-00830-00220200-00220403 let's say social media post I can't
CDrgIleX-D0-00831-00220404-00220558 remember what social media platform it
CDrgIleX-D0-00832-00220559-00220823 was I want to say Facebook but could
CDrgIleX-D0-00833-00220823-00220973 have been Twitter
CDrgIleX-D0-00834-00220973-00221153 um probably not Instagram there's not
CDrgIleX-D0-00835-00221154-00221363 enough pictures of cats
CDrgIleX-D0-00836-00221364-00221687 um so but what I want to point out here
CDrgIleX-D0-00837-00221688-00222191 is a few things about the text okay so
CDrgIleX-D0-00838-00222192-00222581 when you read this do you think that
CDrgIleX-D0-00839-00222582-00222725 they're trying to
CDrgIleX-D0-00840-00222726-00222958 convince you of something or are they
CDrgIleX-D0-00841-00222959-00223463 trying to make a statement of that
CDrgIleX-D0-00842-00223464-00223655 right like are they are they trying to
CDrgIleX-D0-00843-00223656-00224044 you know convince you by adding color
CDrgIleX-D0-00844-00224046-00224356 um or are they uh you know just trying
CDrgIleX-D0-00845-00224357-00224603 to lay out the data they have and
CDrgIleX-D0-00846-00224604-00224794 whether that convinces you or not that's
CDrgIleX-D0-00847-00224796-00224939 fine
CDrgIleX-D0-00848-00224940-00225341 this is a bit of a leading question
CDrgIleX-D0-00849-00225342-00225934 thank you
CDrgIleX-D0-00850-00225935-00226151 yes we're trying to make them something
CDrgIleX-D0-00851-00226152-00226294 right so they're trying to convince you
CDrgIleX-D0-00852-00226296-00226642 right so my next question is what about
CDrgIleX-D0-00853-00226644-00226967 this right makes you realize that
CDrgIleX-D0-00854-00226967-00227081 they're trying to convince you versus
CDrgIleX-D0-00855-00227082-00227526 just making a statement a fact
CDrgIleX-D0-00856-00227527-00227839 [Music]
CDrgIleX-D0-00857-00227840-00228246 ORS
CDrgIleX-D0-00858-00228248-00228508 okay so so that's kind of the conclusion
CDrgIleX-D0-00859-00228509-00228671 you're drawing from the actual words
CDrgIleX-D0-00860-00228671-00228917 there's actually stuff just directly
CDrgIleX-D0-00861-00228917-00229121 like if you look at it on the face of it
CDrgIleX-D0-00862-00229121-00229306 without even reading it
CDrgIleX-D0-00863-00229307-00229517 that tells you that this is trying to
CDrgIleX-D0-00864-00229517-00229727 make a you know an argument rather than
CDrgIleX-D0-00865-00229728-00230248 present facts do you any see any of that
CDrgIleX-D0-00866-00230250-00230513 this is a common technique used uh for
CDrgIleX-D0-00867-00230514-00230844 various types of propaganda
CDrgIleX-D0-00868-00230846-00231298 right so some of the words are in red
CDrgIleX-D0-00869-00231300-00231425 right
CDrgIleX-D0-00870-00231426-00231713 to draw your eye okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00871-00231714-00232603 any other things like that
CDrgIleX-D0-00872-00232604-00232817 right so I didn't really kind of mention
CDrgIleX-D0-00873-00232817-00232967 that one but that's one too which is
CDrgIleX-D0-00874-00232967-00233242 where like where you where you could
CDrgIleX-D0-00875-00233244-00233567 have said Biden fails an accepted test
CDrgIleX-D0-00876-00233567-00233975 right they added this color here to make
CDrgIleX-D0-00877-00233976-00234155 the fail worse
CDrgIleX-D0-00878-00234156-00234382 right so that's another that's another
CDrgIleX-D0-00879-00234383-00234544 trick right is you use lots of
CDrgIleX-D0-00880-00234546-00234646 adjectives
CDrgIleX-D0-00881-00234648-00234887 any other ideas
CDrgIleX-D0-00882-00234888-00235067 there's another one another really
CDrgIleX-D0-00883-00235067-00236321 simple one like the color
CDrgIleX-D0-00884-00236321-00236591 that that is one that uh that's kind of
CDrgIleX-D0-00885-00236592-00236825 I would say the same uh vein is the
CDrgIleX-D0-00886-00236826-00237094 pretty clearly in that uh and I kind of
CDrgIleX-D0-00887-00237096-00237256 talk about the next slide
CDrgIleX-D0-00888-00237257-00237623 what analysts right like who right what
CDrgIleX-D0-00889-00237623-00237815 are they certified do they have some
CDrgIleX-D0-00890-00237816-00238151 sort of like standing like what is a
CDrgIleX-D0-00891-00238152-00238408 analyst you know somebody walking by
CDrgIleX-D0-00892-00238409-00238589 right but there's something even even
CDrgIleX-D0-00893-00238590-00239632 less complex than that
CDrgIleX-D0-00894-00239633-00239891 yeah it's also just bad writing
CDrgIleX-D0-00895-00239892-00240137 um it's actually really kind of simple
CDrgIleX-D0-00896-00240138-00240448 in the weird capitalization
CDrgIleX-D0-00897-00240450-00240701 right so there's capitalization in here
CDrgIleX-D0-00898-00240702-00240934 that doesn't belong again to draw your
CDrgIleX-D0-00899-00240935-00241217 eye okay does anybody know why contracts
CDrgIleX-D0-00900-00241217-00241529 are often written in all caps
CDrgIleX-D0-00901-00241530-00241703 you know like parts of a contract will
CDrgIleX-D0-00902-00241704-00241882 be written in all cops or part of a law
CDrgIleX-D0-00903-00241883-00242267 for example
CDrgIleX-D0-00904-00242267-00242651 kind of so you know yes that often is
CDrgIleX-D0-00905-00242652-00242908 the result but if it's in all caps you
CDrgIleX-D0-00906-00242909-00243125 actually slow down you can't read it as
CDrgIleX-D0-00907-00243126-00243358 fast and so you tend to focus more on
CDrgIleX-D0-00908-00243359-00243544 what it actually says you'll actually
CDrgIleX-D0-00909-00243546-00243773 parse it because it's so much more
CDrgIleX-D0-00910-00243773-00243965 difficult to read for you you actually
CDrgIleX-D0-00911-00243966-00244253 parse it more closely
CDrgIleX-D0-00912-00244254-00244427 um so similar trick is being used here
CDrgIleX-D0-00913-00244428-00244625 with capitalization to get you to kind
CDrgIleX-D0-00914-00244626-00244973 of slow down and notice certain phrases
CDrgIleX-D0-00915-00244973-00245321 okay so the point being is that
CDrgIleX-D0-00916-00245321-00245555 so here's your some analysts right there
CDrgIleX-D0-00917-00245556-00245729 like who right there
CDrgIleX-D0-00918-00245730-00245860 um you know and then why are those
CDrgIleX-D0-00919-00245861-00246077 highlighted or in red you know depending
CDrgIleX-D0-00920-00246078-00246263 on the color Choice
CDrgIleX-D0-00921-00246264-00246508 um Violet which is here like why is that
CDrgIleX-D0-00922-00246509-00246713 capitalized right it's not the end of a
CDrgIleX-D0-00923-00246714-00246856 sentence
CDrgIleX-D0-00924-00246857-00247067 um you know arguably vote two but that
CDrgIleX-D0-00925-00247067-00247306 could be Biden's vote as in a proper
CDrgIleX-D0-00926-00247307-00247463 noun together
CDrgIleX-D0-00927-00247464-00247637 um and then this one is particularly
CDrgIleX-D0-00928-00247638-00247805 interesting the accepted test for
CDrgIleX-D0-00929-00247806-00248051 catching election fraud accepted by who
CDrgIleX-D0-00930-00248052-00248296 like does anybody know what the accepted
CDrgIleX-D0-00931-00248298-00248501 test is for election fraud well nobody
CDrgIleX-D0-00932-00248502-00248765 knows because it doesn't exist
CDrgIleX-D0-00933-00248766-00248975 um so these are the kinds of things that
CDrgIleX-D0-00934-00248976-00249137 you should be looking for when you're
CDrgIleX-D0-00935-00249138-00249365 you know if you kind of see this kind of
CDrgIleX-D0-00936-00249366-00249439 text
CDrgIleX-D0-00937-00249440-00249689 one of these things where there's random
CDrgIleX-D0-00938-00249690-00249913 colors and random capitalization
CDrgIleX-D0-00939-00249914-00250108 immediately should put you on your card
CDrgIleX-D0-00940-00250109-00250421 right like you're immediately like oh
CDrgIleX-D0-00941-00250421-00250675 there's something fishy here right
CDrgIleX-D0-00942-00250676-00250877 especially the color thing right because
CDrgIleX-D0-00943-00250878-00251063 you have to go to extra effort to get
CDrgIleX-D0-00944-00251064-00251351 the colors of this
CDrgIleX-D0-00945-00251352-00251621 so that was it just a little bit sidebar
CDrgIleX-D0-00946-00251621-00251831 um but it kind of was one of the many
CDrgIleX-D0-00947-00251832-00252191 exemplars of this problem so
CDrgIleX-D0-00948-00252192-00252406 uh during the election or just after the
CDrgIleX-D0-00949-00252407-00252623 election uh there was
CDrgIleX-D0-00950-00252623-00252929 um supposition that uh the votes for
CDrgIleX-D0-00951-00252930-00253198 Biden were uh fraudulent or many of the
CDrgIleX-D0-00952-00253200-00253432 votes are bidens were fraudulent
CDrgIleX-D0-00953-00253433-00253715 um and because oh and so for background
CDrgIleX-D0-00954-00253716-00254008 right in Milwaukee this is a city
CDrgIleX-D0-00955-00254009-00254255 um 70 of the votes were for Biden mind
CDrgIleX-D0-00956-00254256-00254603 you cities tend to be uh vote blue or
CDrgIleX-D0-00957-00254604-00254794 blue vote Democratic so it's actually
CDrgIleX-D0-00958-00254796-00255010 not that surprising that an entire or
CDrgIleX-D0-00959-00255011-00255208 most of a city would vote for the
CDrgIleX-D0-00960-00255209-00255460 Democratic candidate but for sake of
CDrgIleX-D0-00961-00255461-00255689 this argument 70 in this particular City
CDrgIleX-D0-00962-00255690-00255917 voted for Biden half of all the awards
CDrgIleX-D0-00963-00255917-00256234 have total votes from about 570 to 1200.
CDrgIleX-D0-00964-00256235-00256534 so award is kind of the smallest unit of
CDrgIleX-D0-00965-00256535-00256792 voting your yeah kind of the smallest
CDrgIleX-D0-00966-00256794-00256906 unit of voting I think I've talked about
CDrgIleX-D0-00967-00256907-00257158 it before but you live in a Ward and
CDrgIleX-D0-00968-00257159-00257410 that's where your votes are tallied
CDrgIleX-D0-00969-00257411-00257608 um and the logarithmic average or the
CDrgIleX-D0-00970-00257609-00257879 mean is about 800 okay so in other words
CDrgIleX-D0-00971-00257880-00258125 when you look at the the logarithmic
CDrgIleX-D0-00972-00258126-00258298 average which is similar to a regular
CDrgIleX-D0-00973-00258300-00258592 average but between 570 and 1200 is
CDrgIleX-D0-00974-00258594-00258808 actually 800 the US is essentially a
CDrgIleX-D0-00975-00258809-00258946 two-party system at the national level
CDrgIleX-D0-00976-00258948-00259108 if you're not familiar with American
CDrgIleX-D0-00977-00259109-00259223 politics
CDrgIleX-D0-00978-00259223-00259519 any any candidates in a third party is
CDrgIleX-D0-00979-00259519-00259780 ridiculously unlikely to win so
CDrgIleX-D0-00980-00259781-00259979 essentially it's a two-part it's a
CDrgIleX-D0-00981-00259980-00260291 two-person race okay at the for the
CDrgIleX-D0-00982-00260292-00260482 presidency at least
CDrgIleX-D0-00983-00260483-00260663 so
CDrgIleX-D0-00984-00260664-00260927 this is the graphs of their votes okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00985-00260928-00261203 and down here we have
CDrgIleX-D0-00986-00261204-00261491 um the leading digits okay I know it's
CDrgIleX-D0-00987-00261492-00261641 super fuzzy but that's why I try to put
CDrgIleX-D0-00988-00261642-00261856 some labeling in but leading digits and
CDrgIleX-D0-00989-00261857-00262139 then up here we have the frequency of
CDrgIleX-D0-00990-00262140-00262541 those leading digits in a by Ward okay
CDrgIleX-D0-00991-00262542-00262817 so
CDrgIleX-D0-00992-00262818-00263110 the argument is that trumps who's second
CDrgIleX-D0-00993-00263111-00263410 one over and these other what four are
CDrgIleX-D0-00994-00263411-00263734 are other candidates so they do run but
CDrgIleX-D0-00995-00263735-00263956 even though the graphs look similar in
CDrgIleX-D0-00996-00263957-00264203 size and stuff the actual vote counts in
CDrgIleX-D0-00997-00264204-00264401 these are are ridiculously small so
CDrgIleX-D0-00998-00264402-00264599 they're they're not worth noticing but
CDrgIleX-D0-00999-00264600-00264797 for completeness sake all of them are
CDrgIleX-D0-01000-00264798-00264941 here okay
CDrgIleX-D0-01001-00264942-00265223 so the argument is that because this
CDrgIleX-D0-01002-00265224-00265506 looks the same as the benford's
CDrgIleX-D0-01003-00265507-00265906 distribution that this must be voter
CDrgIleX-D0-01004-00265907-00266134 fraud because it doesn't
CDrgIleX-D0-01005-00266135-00266339 right and going by our example just now
CDrgIleX-D0-01006-00266340-00266656 that seems plausible right
CDrgIleX-D0-01007-00266657-00266855 and I'll show you why it's not
CDrgIleX-D0-01008-00266856-00267077 so is this an indication of voter fraud
CDrgIleX-D0-01009-00267078-00267239 and I think this thing is super
CDrgIleX-D0-01010-00267240-00267401 interesting that's why I kind of uh get
CDrgIleX-D0-01011-00267402-00267551 into it a little bit
CDrgIleX-D0-01012-00267552-00267808 um and the reason is no or the the
CDrgIleX-D0-01013-00267809-00267982 answer is no
CDrgIleX-D0-01014-00267983-00268151 um and so what I'm going to ask you is
CDrgIleX-D0-01015-00268152-00268517 kind of why right and to do that
CDrgIleX-D0-01016-00268518-00268715 I'm just going to put the graph back up
CDrgIleX-D0-01017-00268716-00269075 so any theories about why this is not
CDrgIleX-D0-01018-00269076-00269503 indicative of voter withdrawal
CDrgIleX-D0-01019-00269504-00269710 and the kicker is in one of those
CDrgIleX-D0-01020-00269711-00269903 bullets that I listed as in the
CDrgIleX-D0-01021-00269904-00271019 background
CDrgIleX-D0-01022-00271020-00271132 all right let's give let's give
CDrgIleX-D0-01023-00271133-00271265 everybody a couple seconds any other
CDrgIleX-D0-01024-00271266-00272417 radius anybody got any ideas
CDrgIleX-D0-01025-00272418-00272573 I've been dating myself on pop culture
CDrgIleX-D0-01026-00272574-00272855 movies this week is my point so Bueller
CDrgIleX-D0-01027-00272856-00273082 um I don't want to I don't want to buy
CDrgIleX-D0-01028-00273083-00273208 anything I don't want to sell anything
CDrgIleX-D0-01029-00273209-00273425 that makes me say anything the movies
CDrgIleX-D0-01030-00273426-00273580 say anything no
CDrgIleX-D0-01031-00273581-00273923 same same genre and kind of as like 16
CDrgIleX-D0-01032-00273924-00274121 Candles
CDrgIleX-D0-01033-00274122-00274301 um another one of that same series of
CDrgIleX-D0-01034-00274302-00274621 movies same director I think
CDrgIleX-D0-01035-00274622-00275608 uh okay so what's your idea
CDrgIleX-D0-01036-00275609-00275801 so it's not that the sample is small
CDrgIleX-D0-01037-00275802-00276197 it's that
CDrgIleX-D0-01038-00276198-00277243 yeah
CDrgIleX-D0-01039-00277244-00277660 so so you're both correct but the the
CDrgIleX-D0-01040-00277661-00277925 reason is because the there's none of
CDrgIleX-D0-01041-00277926-00278075 that um
CDrgIleX-D0-01042-00278076-00278315 uh orders magnitude difference
CDrgIleX-D0-01043-00278316-00278543 because remember how the words only vary
CDrgIleX-D0-01044-00278544-00278830 between 570 or whatever it was in 1200.
CDrgIleX-D0-01045-00278831-00279106 so in other words we have to have a 570
CDrgIleX-D0-01046-00279107-00279449 Ward and a five you know or ten thousand
CDrgIleX-D0-01047-00279450-00279653 okay to get orders magnitude difference
CDrgIleX-D0-01048-00279654-00279953 in order for benford's law to work okay
CDrgIleX-D0-01049-00279954-00280330 so immediately that's suspicious so in
CDrgIleX-D0-01050-00280331-00280534 fact but you're kind of getting at my
CDrgIleX-D0-01051-00280535-00280769 points here too is that
CDrgIleX-D0-01052-00280770-00280979 um if you take seventy percent of 800 so
CDrgIleX-D0-01053-00280980-00281255 that logarithmic average most of the
CDrgIleX-D0-01054-00281256-00281567 starting numbers should be fives okay so
CDrgIleX-D0-01055-00281568-00281813 fours and or you know fours and sixes
CDrgIleX-D0-01056-00281814-00282071 right so kind of right around five
CDrgIleX-D0-01057-00282072-00282245 um but if you take thirty percent which
CDrgIleX-D0-01058-00282246-00282515 was Trump's side of that vote then you
CDrgIleX-D0-01059-00282516-00282725 would expect ones and threes or one twos
CDrgIleX-D0-01060-00282726-00282947 and threes and if you kind of go back to
CDrgIleX-D0-01061-00282948-00283229 the images that's actually what you do
CDrgIleX-D0-01062-00283230-00283505 see here right because the size of the
CDrgIleX-D0-01063-00283506-00283787 awards you expect the distribution if if
CDrgIleX-D0-01064-00283788-00283943 thirty percent of the vote voted for
CDrgIleX-D0-01065-00283944-00284201 Trump that they he would mostly have one
CDrgIleX-D0-01066-00284202-00284519 twos and threes to make the map work and
CDrgIleX-D0-01067-00284520-00284795 that Biden would have mostly you know
CDrgIleX-D0-01068-00284796-00285023 three through five or whatever or sorry
CDrgIleX-D0-01069-00285024-00285221 four through six we have this little
CDrgIleX-D0-01070-00285222-00285575 weird outlier but you know so in fact it
CDrgIleX-D0-01071-00285576-00285923 doesn't apply because of the lack of uh
CDrgIleX-D0-01072-00285924-00286145 orders of magnitude difference
CDrgIleX-D0-01073-00286146-00286451 um but you kind of can actually look at
CDrgIleX-D0-01074-00286452-00286715 it and it in a sense there are also
CDrgIleX-D0-01075-00286716-00286925 sort of kind of actually proving that
CDrgIleX-D0-01076-00286926-00287158 it's not fraud because of how the
CDrgIleX-D0-01077-00287159-00287293 numbers worked out
CDrgIleX-D0-01078-00287294-00287501 and so the reason I thought that was
CDrgIleX-D0-01079-00287502-00287723 particularly interesting was and that's
CDrgIleX-D0-01080-00287724-00287939 a quote from one of these articles but
CDrgIleX-D0-01081-00287940-00288149 so depending on how you like to consume
CDrgIleX-D0-01082-00288150-00288263 information if you want to learn more
CDrgIleX-D0-01083-00288264-00288563 about this uh here's a few articles but
CDrgIleX-D0-01084-00288564-00288725 then there was a Radio Lab anyone
CDrgIleX-D0-01085-00288726-00289001 familiar with Radiolab they do a great
CDrgIleX-D0-01086-00289002-00289241 podcast all very interesting uh the only
CDrgIleX-D0-01087-00289242-00289403 time I ever listen to podcasts though is
CDrgIleX-D0-01088-00289404-00289613 when I'm flying and so I don't travel
CDrgIleX-D0-01089-00289614-00289732 very much so I don't listen to much
CDrgIleX-D0-01090-00289733-00289949 anymore but then there was also a
CDrgIleX-D0-01091-00289950-00290087 Netflix documentary show if you want
CDrgIleX-D0-01092-00290088-00290345 video version called digits or an
CDrgIleX-D0-01093-00290346-00290489 episode called digits I can't remember
CDrgIleX-D0-01094-00290490-00290671 what the actual show was called
CDrgIleX-D0-01095-00290672-00290975 that talks about this as well so I just
CDrgIleX-D0-01096-00290976-00291106 thought it was super interesting
CDrgIleX-D0-01097-00291107-00291413 but the reason I kind of beat this dead
CDrgIleX-D0-01098-00291414-00291623 horse two reasons one I really think
CDrgIleX-D0-01099-00291624-00291971 it's interesting two because like
CDrgIleX-D0-01100-00291972-00292121 kind of like I was giving the examples
CDrgIleX-D0-01101-00292122-00292289 before with the you know doing your
CDrgIleX-D0-01102-00292290-00292595 sample how you do your sampling depends
CDrgIleX-D0-01103-00292596-00292817 on the nature of the problem and if you
CDrgIleX-D0-01104-00292818-00293015 use the wrong kind of sampling it won't
CDrgIleX-D0-01105-00293016-00293339 work so benford's law is a great example
CDrgIleX-D0-01106-00293340-00293651 of in this you know very you know
CDrgIleX-D0-01107-00293652-00293927 potentially very small box this what we
CDrgIleX-D0-01108-00293928-00294125 call use case and software engineering a
CDrgIleX-D0-01109-00294126-00294208 lot
CDrgIleX-D0-01110-00294209-00294497 um it works great right but if you try
CDrgIleX-D0-01111-00294498-00294647 to use it in something that doesn't fit
CDrgIleX-D0-01112-00294648-00294851 in that box if you ignore the tenants
CDrgIleX-D0-01113-00294852-00295127 okay it's not going to work and it may
CDrgIleX-D0-01114-00295128-00295595 even lead you down the wrong conclusion
CDrgIleX-D0-01115-00295596-00295697 um one of these days I'm going to learn
CDrgIleX-D0-01116-00295698-00295901 how to talk to this side of the room but
CDrgIleX-D0-01117-00295902-00296075 I always talk to the left side of the
CDrgIleX-D0-01118-00296076-00296321 room I never know why uh you when I'm
CDrgIleX-D0-01119-00296322-00296477 giving a conference talk as much as what
CDrgIleX-D0-01120-00296478-00296651 I'm giving a cost
CDrgIleX-D0-01121-00296652-00296951 all right so in fact this is a counter
CDrgIleX-D0-01122-00296952-00297173 example right of benford's law this is a
CDrgIleX-D0-01123-00297174-00297563 proof of you try to apply a set of rules
CDrgIleX-D0-01124-00297564-00297725 that are only supposed to work under
CDrgIleX-D0-01125-00297726-00297887 certain conditions
CDrgIleX-D0-01126-00297888-00298115 and violate the conditions it doesn't
CDrgIleX-D0-01127-00298116-00298415 work
CDrgIleX-D0-01128-00298416-00298756 so everything is super soaked all right
CDrgIleX-D0-01129-00298757-00298949 so moving on to percentiles also very
CDrgIleX-D0-01130-00298950-00299134 important
CDrgIleX-D0-01131-00299135-00299429 um and so
CDrgIleX-D0-01132-00299430-00299632 this is kind of a you know kind of a
CDrgIleX-D0-01133-00299633-00299806 gimme in the sense of what is the 80th
CDrgIleX-D0-01134-00299807-00300023 percentile the reason we talk about it
CDrgIleX-D0-01135-00300024-00300179 is because
CDrgIleX-D0-01136-00300180-00300373 it's not
CDrgIleX-D0-01137-00300374-00300658 in common usage of the term percentile
CDrgIleX-D0-01138-00300659-00300905 or whatever we don't necessarily mean
CDrgIleX-D0-01139-00300906-00301171 exactly the same thing so the percentile
CDrgIleX-D0-01140-00301172-00301577 is a number that exists in the set okay
CDrgIleX-D0-01141-00301578-00302032 and so this is the set of numbers so the
CDrgIleX-D0-01142-00302033-00302219 80th percentile when we use the term
CDrgIleX-D0-01143-00302220-00302525 percentile in this class we mean it has
CDrgIleX-D0-01144-00302526-00302747 to be a number that is one three five
CDrgIleX-D0-01145-00302748-00302945 seven or not and it'll be the one that's
CDrgIleX-D0-01146-00302946-00303137 the 80th percentile
CDrgIleX-D0-01147-00303138-00303377 and then the definition is I think on
CDrgIleX-D0-01148-00303378-00303755 the next slide so the 80th percentile is
CDrgIleX-D0-01149-00303756-00303989 the first value on the sorted list that
CDrgIleX-D0-01150-00303990-00304301 is at least as large as 80 of the
CDrgIleX-D0-01151-00304302-00304595 elements in other words the 80 of the
CDrgIleX-D0-01152-00304596-00304853 elements so the first thing we have to
CDrgIleX-D0-01153-00304854-00305177 do is sort the list okay but then we can
CDrgIleX-D0-01154-00305178-00305434 figure out using very easy math right
CDrgIleX-D0-01155-00305435-00305830 what position we're looking for
CDrgIleX-D0-01156-00305831-00306179 okay uh let me see yeah so here it is
CDrgIleX-D0-01157-00306180-00306323 kind of worked out
CDrgIleX-D0-01158-00306324-00306556 um so we get this initial set then we
CDrgIleX-D0-01159-00306557-00306875 sort it then we say Okay so the 80th
CDrgIleX-D0-01160-00306876-00307163 percentile because of that
CDrgIleX-D0-01161-00307164-00307403 is going to be whatever the fourth
CDrgIleX-D0-01162-00307404-00307673 element right
CDrgIleX-D0-01163-00307674-00307823 probably should have done that in terms
CDrgIleX-D0-01164-00307824-00308129 of zero but you get the idea
CDrgIleX-D0-01165-00308130-00308351 okay so it's just a little confusing
CDrgIleX-D0-01166-00308352-00308656 because uh I think maybe we talked about
CDrgIleX-D0-01167-00308657-00308873 the next slide is just that typically
CDrgIleX-D0-01168-00308874-00308999 when we talk about something that's like
CDrgIleX-D0-01169-00309000-00309227 the 80th or whatever we don't it doesn't
CDrgIleX-D0-01170-00309228-00309497 have to be in the set right but in this
CDrgIleX-D0-01171-00309498-00309730 case whenever we say that we mean that
CDrgIleX-D0-01172-00309731-00309929 number is in there
CDrgIleX-D0-01173-00309930-00310229 okay so what is the 50th percentile and
CDrgIleX-D0-01174-00310230-00310415 so in this case it's the ordered element
CDrgIleX-D0-01175-00310416-00310715 three
CDrgIleX-D0-01176-00310716-00310919 um because when we calculate it it's two
CDrgIleX-D0-01177-00310920-00311123 and a half and we round up to the
CDrgIleX-D0-01178-00311124-00311267 nearest position okay we don't round
CDrgIleX-D0-01179-00311268-00311543 down we go up and it has to be that one
CDrgIleX-D0-01180-00311544-00311699 of the numbers in there so therefore we
CDrgIleX-D0-01181-00311700-00311951 get three
CDrgIleX-D0-01182-00311952-00312334 um and yeah as it says down below if for
CDrgIleX-D0-01183-00312335-00312545 a percentile it doesn't exactly have a
CDrgIleX-D0-01184-00312546-00312791 spot then we go to the next one okay
CDrgIleX-D0-01185-00312792-00313037 because that prior rule of you know the
CDrgIleX-D0-01186-00313038-00313223 80th percentile it's everything has to
CDrgIleX-D0-01187-00313224-00313529 be below it
CDrgIleX-D0-01188-00313530-00313679 all right
CDrgIleX-D0-01189-00313680-00313817 so
CDrgIleX-D0-01190-00313818-00314051 this is one of the reasons why it's
CDrgIleX-D0-01191-00314052-00314297 often confusing is because the median
CDrgIleX-D0-01192-00314298-00314645 may or may not be in the set
CDrgIleX-D0-01193-00314646-00314771 okay
CDrgIleX-D0-01194-00314772-00314884 so
CDrgIleX-D0-01195-00314885-00315095 turn over the next slide is
CDrgIleX-D0-01196-00315096-00315454 um
CDrgIleX-D0-01197-00315455-00315689 so it's at the you know so the median
CDrgIleX-D0-01198-00315690-00315917 when we're talking about it is
CDrgIleX-D0-01199-00315918-00316156 the 50th percentile
CDrgIleX-D0-01200-00316157-00316373 um and 50 of the values and 50 of the
CDrgIleX-D0-01201-00316374-00316565 value uh sorry are above and 50 are
CDrgIleX-D0-01202-00316566-00316954 below but sometimes it's not in the set
CDrgIleX-D0-01203-00316955-00317321 okay so it's just the reason I kind of
CDrgIleX-D0-01204-00317322-00317471 talk about this right is because the
CDrgIleX-D0-01205-00317472-00317777 percentile is weird because it has to be
CDrgIleX-D0-01206-00317778-00318058 in the set
CDrgIleX-D0-01207-00318059-00318239 makes sense
CDrgIleX-D0-01208-00318240-00318430 okay it's really straightforward it's
CDrgIleX-D0-01209-00318431-00318784 just that one weird Cadillac
CDrgIleX-D0-01210-00318785-00318929 all right so what do you call something
CDrgIleX-D0-01211-00318930-00319732 at the 50th percentile
CDrgIleX-D0-01212-00319733-00319877 the first answer here killed me
CDrgIleX-D0-01213-00319878-00320129 hopefully everyone here gets it
CDrgIleX-D0-01214-00320130-00320801 otherwise I'm dating myself yet again
CDrgIleX-D0-01215-00320802-00321113 I try to use common in a question
CDrgIleX-D0-01216-00321114-00321341 and nobody nobody who common was oh
CDrgIleX-D0-01217-00321342-00322217 sorry this point
CDrgIleX-D0-01218-00322218-00323045 all right get those answers in
CDrgIleX-D0-01219-00323046-00323399 all right
CDrgIleX-D0-01220-00323400-00323687 and pretty good so median and just
CDrgIleX-D0-01221-00323688-00323884 remember the median's the middle the
CDrgIleX-D0-01222-00323885-00324010 mean is the average they're not
CDrgIleX-D0-01223-00324011-00324208 necessarily the same uh and so it's
CDrgIleX-D0-01224-00324209-00324395 important why is the first one funny
CDrgIleX-D0-01225-00324396-00324719 anybody know
CDrgIleX-D0-01226-00324720-00325169 because he's 50 Cent
CDrgIleX-D0-01227-00325170-00325415 all right
CDrgIleX-D0-01228-00325416-00325553 so
CDrgIleX-D0-01229-00325554-00325727 this slide looks familiar I'll talk to
CDrgIleX-D0-01230-00325728-00325882 this one already
CDrgIleX-D0-01231-00325883-00326297 um okay so uh conveniently enough our
CDrgIleX-D0-01232-00326298-00326525 little module has a function called
CDrgIleX-D0-01233-00326526-00326795 percentile which will give you the
CDrgIleX-D0-01234-00326796-00327017 results that you want
CDrgIleX-D0-01235-00327018-00327306 um and
CDrgIleX-D0-01236-00327307-00328193 let's look at a demo
CDrgIleX-D0-01237-00328194-00328469 all right so we're just gonna
CDrgIleX-D0-01238-00328470-00328660 uh it's checking the time so we're just
CDrgIleX-D0-01239-00328661-00328853 gonna make an array you know kind of an
CDrgIleX-D0-01240-00328854-00329104 arbitrary list of numbers so that we can
CDrgIleX-D0-01241-00329105-00329260 uh you know kind of play around with
CDrgIleX-D0-01242-00329261-00329519 this and let me catch up with my cheat
CDrgIleX-D0-01243-00329520-00329860 sheet all right so how can we sort this
CDrgIleX-D0-01244-00329861-00330406 data
CDrgIleX-D0-01245-00330407-00330767 can I guess
CDrgIleX-D0-01246-00330768-00331337 we have a convenient function yes
CDrgIleX-D0-01247-00331338-00331882 that's much harder this is much easier
CDrgIleX-D0-01248-00331883-00332237 uh oops I broke badly uh so yeah we just
CDrgIleX-D0-01249-00332238-00332447 have an MP sort
CDrgIleX-D0-01250-00332448-00332579 um
CDrgIleX-D0-01251-00332580-00332897 and so that just gives us the sorted set
CDrgIleX-D0-01252-00332898-00333082 um now one of the other things I wanted
CDrgIleX-D0-01253-00333083-00333275 to introduce you to has anyone heard of
CDrgIleX-D0-01254-00333276-00333677 mod or modulo to bring any Bell
CDrgIleX-D0-01255-00333678-00333827 foreign
CDrgIleX-D0-01256-00333828-00334360 math
CDrgIleX-D0-01257-00334361-00334553 it gives you the remainder
CDrgIleX-D0-01258-00334554-00334823 um and so it's very common to use in
CDrgIleX-D0-01259-00334824-00335027 programming so as a result we use a
CDrgIleX-D0-01260-00335028-00335260 special symbol which is pretty
CDrgIleX-D0-01261-00335261-00335465 consistent across all languages and
CDrgIleX-D0-01262-00335466-00335656 everything sometimes it'll literally be
CDrgIleX-D0-01263-00335657-00335921 the word mod but most of the time it's
CDrgIleX-D0-01264-00335922-00336179 like this it's a percent sign okay so
CDrgIleX-D0-01265-00336180-00336437 unlike a division okay it's kind of like
CDrgIleX-D0-01266-00336438-00336682 a division with some extra stuff so you
CDrgIleX-D0-01267-00336683-00336899 use percent sign and that means mod or
CDrgIleX-D0-01268-00336900-00337037 modulo
CDrgIleX-D0-01269-00337038-00337343 um and I can't remember the last time I
CDrgIleX-D0-01270-00337344-00337553 saw the word modulo okay except for
CDrgIleX-D0-01271-00337554-00337769 teaching this class like almost everyone
CDrgIleX-D0-01272-00337770-00337949 always just refers to his mod so you
CDrgIleX-D0-01273-00337950-00338219 would just say 2.2 mod 1.
CDrgIleX-D0-01274-00338220-00338584 okay that's how you would read that
CDrgIleX-D0-01275-00338585-00338993 um and so
CDrgIleX-D0-01276-00338994-00339149 it just kind of gives you the leftover
CDrgIleX-D0-01277-00339150-00339580 bits right if you divided it and
CDrgIleX-D0-01278-00339581-00339767 throughout you know it's like you know
CDrgIleX-D0-01279-00339768-00339929 if you think about how you're doing you
CDrgIleX-D0-01280-00339930-00340073 know if you were like you know very
CDrgIleX-D0-01281-00340074-00340295 young doing division when they first
CDrgIleX-D0-01282-00340296-00340571 start you out you get two pieces right
CDrgIleX-D0-01283-00340572-00340763 you get the division and then you get
CDrgIleX-D0-01284-00340764-00340979 whatever the remainder is so this is
CDrgIleX-D0-01285-00340980-00341291 just the remainder okay
CDrgIleX-D0-01286-00341292-00341525 um and so we can use that for a bunch of
CDrgIleX-D0-01287-00341526-00341663 different things
CDrgIleX-D0-01288-00341664-00341947 and so if we figure out where the 50th
CDrgIleX-D0-01289-00341948-00342425 55th percentile would be so we know that
CDrgIleX-D0-01290-00342426-00342725 if we just do the division we'll end up
CDrgIleX-D0-01291-00342726-00343060 with not a very useful number here right
CDrgIleX-D0-01292-00343061-00343391 to try to find it so we kind of cheat
CDrgIleX-D0-01293-00343392-00343763 and we do
CDrgIleX-D0-01294-00343764-00343895 um
CDrgIleX-D0-01295-00343896-00344093 first just kind of converting it to a
CDrgIleX-D0-01296-00344094-00344363 number but an integer sorry converting
CDrgIleX-D0-01297-00344364-00344584 it to an injure not a
CDrgIleX-D0-01298-00344585-00344777 um
CDrgIleX-D0-01299-00344778-00345191 that we've got not afloat uh and
CDrgIleX-D0-01300-00345192-00345563 but then if we're over it right we want
CDrgIleX-D0-01301-00345564-00345725 to make sure that we take the next one
CDrgIleX-D0-01302-00345726-00345815 up
CDrgIleX-D0-01303-00345816-00346049 right so that's why we have to do we
CDrgIleX-D0-01304-00346050-00346187 want to round it and then we need to
CDrgIleX-D0-01305-00346188-00346373 check and see if our original number is
CDrgIleX-D0-01306-00346374-00346708 greater than the rounded number okay and
CDrgIleX-D0-01307-00346709-00346937 rounded is actually it's not really
CDrgIleX-D0-01308-00346938-00347225 rounded this is really like Lop off the
CDrgIleX-D0-01309-00347226-00347471 the right side right it's it doesn't
CDrgIleX-D0-01310-00347472-00347645 actually round it
CDrgIleX-D0-01311-00347646-00347801 so probably should change the variable
CDrgIleX-D0-01312-00347802-00348034 name to be something more accurate
CDrgIleX-D0-01313-00348035-00348106 um
CDrgIleX-D0-01314-00348107-00348258 okay
CDrgIleX-D0-01315-00348259-00348617 so if in the case that it is greater
CDrgIleX-D0-01316-00348618-00348904 we're just going to add 1 to rounded so
CDrgIleX-D0-01317-00348905-00349258 that we can get to the next position
CDrgIleX-D0-01318-00349259-00349421 that makes sense right because we need
CDrgIleX-D0-01319-00349422-00349601 to make sure that whatever this is
CDrgIleX-D0-01320-00349602-00349810 whatever number that we're passing in we
CDrgIleX-D0-01321-00349811-00350008 want to make sure that it's it's a it's
CDrgIleX-D0-01322-00350009-00350410 passed you know equal to or past 55th
CDrgIleX-D0-01323-00350411-00350617 right
CDrgIleX-D0-01324-00350618-00350927 all right so
CDrgIleX-D0-01325-00350928-00351125 and then we just have a little example
CDrgIleX-D0-01326-00351126-00351389 so we have our
CDrgIleX-D0-01327-00351390-00351641 float position so basically the actual
CDrgIleX-D0-01328-00351642-00351958 kind of calculation which ends up as 3.3
CDrgIleX-D0-01329-00351959-00352234 then we use our Roundup function here
CDrgIleX-D0-01330-00352235-00352415 which gives us a four back right because
CDrgIleX-D0-01331-00352416-00352715 3 is less than 3.3 so we're going to
CDrgIleX-D0-01332-00352716-00353008 take the next spot right and so that
CDrgIleX-D0-01333-00353009-00353393 means that when we sort our array up
CDrgIleX-D0-01334-00353394-00353506 here
CDrgIleX-D0-01335-00353507-00353710 then we're going to grab that position
CDrgIleX-D0-01336-00353711-00354130 and so we end up with a 34. okay
CDrgIleX-D0-01337-00354131-00354358 that makes sense so this is kind of a
CDrgIleX-D0-01338-00354359-00354604 long way of doing the problem but then
CDrgIleX-D0-01339-00354605-00354827 we can also use that fancy fancy mod
CDrgIleX-D0-01340-00354828-00355151 function
CDrgIleX-D0-01341-00355152-00355354 um oh actually
CDrgIleX-D0-01342-00355355-00355582 Oh I thought I did this with Mod 2. all
CDrgIleX-D0-01343-00355583-00355703 right so we're going to do it another
CDrgIleX-D0-01344-00355704-00355823 array
CDrgIleX-D0-01345-00355824-00355991 um which is
CDrgIleX-D0-01346-00355992-00356230 a little bit easier
CDrgIleX-D0-01347-00356231-00356453 um but also introduces you to another
CDrgIleX-D0-01348-00356454-00356639 hand function
CDrgIleX-D0-01349-00356640-00356849 um
CDrgIleX-D0-01350-00356850-00357113 make sure my friends are right
CDrgIleX-D0-01351-00357114-00357323 okay which basically gives us the exact
CDrgIleX-D0-01352-00357324-00357575 same result except instead of doing our
CDrgIleX-D0-01353-00357576-00357743 rounded function up there what we're
CDrgIleX-D0-01354-00357744-00357989 going to do is the equivalent of like
CDrgIleX-D0-01355-00357990-00358330 leveraging the mod by just getting the
CDrgIleX-D0-01356-00358331-00358439 ceiling
CDrgIleX-D0-01357-00358440-00358727 okay so if you think a number is of an
CDrgIleX-D0-01358-00358728-00359032 integer it was 3.3 right so the ceiling
CDrgIleX-D0-01359-00359033-00359284 of that is four and I don't remember
CDrgIleX-D0-01360-00359285-00359441 what MP uses because this is one of the
CDrgIleX-D0-01361-00359442-00359567 ones that changes in different languages
CDrgIleX-D0-01362-00359568-00359830 but it's often floor okay so if you
CDrgIleX-D0-01363-00359831-00360010 think the three is the floor and the
CDrgIleX-D0-01364-00360011-00360299 floor is the ceiling so 3.3 we want to
CDrgIleX-D0-01365-00360300-00360551 go to the ceiling
CDrgIleX-D0-01366-00360552-00360784 okay but those are two handy functions
CDrgIleX-D0-01367-00360785-00361206 seal and I want to say it's floor
CDrgIleX-D0-01368-00361207-00361391 you can do exactly the same thing
CDrgIleX-D0-01369-00361392-00361577 without having to write your own this is
CDrgIleX-D0-01370-00361578-00361708 essentially writing your own ceiling
CDrgIleX-D0-01371-00361709-00361847 function
CDrgIleX-D0-01372-00361848-00362147 all right but but you should probably do
CDrgIleX-D0-01373-00362148-00362387 in this actual use case is use the
CDrgIleX-D0-01374-00362388-00362543 percentile
CDrgIleX-D0-01375-00362544-00362723 function
CDrgIleX-D0-01376-00362724-00363047 and get the answer that way okay so this
CDrgIleX-D0-01377-00363048-00363215 is just built in to the data science
CDrgIleX-D0-01378-00363216-00363473 module does the same thing uh without
CDrgIleX-D0-01379-00363474-00363641 all the work
CDrgIleX-D0-01380-00363642-00364145 because Lisa
CDrgIleX-D0-01381-00364146-00365003 all right how are we going in time okay
CDrgIleX-D0-01382-00365004-00365141 cool question
CDrgIleX-D0-01383-00365142-00365554 all right so
CDrgIleX-D0-01384-00365555-00365723 basically fill in the blanks except
CDrgIleX-D0-01385-00365724-00365956 they're not like set up as blanks so the
CDrgIleX-D0-01386-00365957-00366239 piece percentile is the what value in a
CDrgIleX-D0-01387-00366240-00366575 sense that is what as large as T percent
CDrgIleX-D0-01388-00366576-00366754 of the elements of the set what is the
CDrgIleX-D0-01389-00366755-00366875 correct pair of words to fill in the
CDrgIleX-D0-01390-00366876-00367180 blank so is it the P percentile is the
CDrgIleX-D0-01391-00367181-00367397 smallest value in a set that is at least
CDrgIleX-D0-01392-00367398-00367589 as large as blah
CDrgIleX-D0-01393-00367590-00367799 um and the piece percentile is the or
CDrgIleX-D0-01394-00367800-00368080 the P percentile is the largest value in
CDrgIleX-D0-01395-00368081-00368345 a set that is at most as large at speed
CDrgIleX-D0-01397-00372198-00372437 all right
CDrgIleX-D0-01398-00372438-00372706 you're not getting as far as I had hoped
CDrgIleX-D0-01399-00372707-00372923 today but
CDrgIleX-D0-01400-00372924-00373319 all right so smallest and at least
CDrgIleX-D0-01401-00373320-00373565 um hopefully at this point you know why
CDrgIleX-D0-01402-00373566-00373793 but that was the correct answer
CDrgIleX-D0-01403-00373794-00374069 um so just kind of keeping in mind like
CDrgIleX-D0-01404-00374070-00374189 I said primarily it's because it's
CDrgIleX-D0-01405-00374190-00374495 different from colloquial English
CDrgIleX-D0-01406-00374496-00374675 uh and then we have a bunch more
CDrgIleX-D0-01407-00374676-00374873 questions except
CDrgIleX-D0-01408-00374874-00375023 um I'm going to run them as Top Hat
CDrgIleX-D0-01409-00375024-00375178 questions
CDrgIleX-D0-01410-00375179-00375569 so
CDrgIleX-D0-01411-00375570-00376006 if we have an array X okay so 1 5 15 23
CDrgIleX-D0-01412-00376007-00376415 29 what is the 10th percentile in that
CDrgIleX-D0-01413-00376416-00376793 array and is that equal to zero
CDrgIleX-D0-01414-00376794-00379084 okay
CDrgIleX-D0-01415-00379085-00379325 all right answers
CDrgIleX-D0-01416-00379326-00381587 a bunch more we need
CDrgIleX-D0-01417-00381588-00381995 all right I'm gonna closing
CDrgIleX-D0-01418-00381996-00382337 all right so somebody who said false can
CDrgIleX-D0-01419-00382338-00382780 you tell me why
CDrgIleX-D0-01420-00382781-00383332 am I know why it's not zero
CDrgIleX-D0-01421-00383333-00383597 um it's not zero because
CDrgIleX-D0-01422-00383598-00384067 um
CDrgIleX-D0-01423-00384068-00384527 so so zero is like here right so the
CDrgIleX-D0-01424-00384528-00384995 20th percentile we won right so why
CDrgIleX-D0-01425-00384996-00385313 so arguably right it's less than one
CDrgIleX-D0-01426-00385314-00385834 so why isn't it zero
CDrgIleX-D0-01427-00385835-00386021 zero is not in the set
CDrgIleX-D0-01428-00386022-00386237 so you couldn't you couldn't get in
CDrgIleX-D0-01429-00386238-00386453 there right like you couldn't there's no
CDrgIleX-D0-01430-00386454-00386651 there's no spot there
CDrgIleX-D0-01431-00386652-00387017 all right next one
CDrgIleX-D0-01432-00387018-00387130 uh
CDrgIleX-D0-01433-00387131-00387473 uh thinking
CDrgIleX-D0-01434-00387474-00387730 all right so same set
CDrgIleX-D0-01435-00387731-00388030 um now is the 40th percentile the same
CDrgIleX-D0-01436-00388031-00388667 as the 39th percentile
CDrgIleX-D0-01438-00392550-00393341 all right get your answers in
CDrgIleX-D0-01439-00393342-00393713 all right
CDrgIleX-D0-01440-00393714-00393953 so the correct answer was true
CDrgIleX-D0-01441-00393954-00394145 anybody who said true can you explain
CDrgIleX-D0-01442-00394146-00395147 why
CDrgIleX-D0-01443-00395148-00395677 today
CDrgIleX-D0-01444-00395678-00396028 yeah basically I mean yeah it's like
CDrgIleX-D0-01445-00396029-00396245 whether they're yeah so both the 40 and
CDrgIleX-D0-01446-00396246-00396430 the 39
CDrgIleX-D0-01447-00396431-00396778 uh percentage are yeah above one and
CDrgIleX-D0-01448-00396779-00396953 Below five
CDrgIleX-D0-01449-00396954-00397151 um I was trying to think of if that's
CDrgIleX-D0-01450-00397152-00397306 and I think I would phrase it that way
CDrgIleX-D0-01451-00397307-00397517 so yeah uh it just takes me a minute to
CDrgIleX-D0-01452-00397518-00397673 translate what you're saying to how I
CDrgIleX-D0-01453-00397674-00397787 wrote it
CDrgIleX-D0-01454-00397788-00398110 um so basically it's just that same rule
CDrgIleX-D0-01455-00398111-00398278 is that um you know it's got to be at
CDrgIleX-D0-01456-00398279-00398501 least as big right
CDrgIleX-D0-01457-00398502-00398806 all right uh there's two more and then
CDrgIleX-D0-01458-00398807-00399023 we'll call it a day
CDrgIleX-D0-01459-00399024-00399089 um
CDrgIleX-D0-01460-00399090-00399347 so this one 40th percentile versus the
CDrgIleX-D0-01461-00399348-00399580 41st percentile
CDrgIleX-D0-01462-00399581-00402221 will they be the same value
CDrgIleX-D0-01463-00402222-00402508 all right this is the same very similar
CDrgIleX-D0-01464-00402509-00402677 question the one before so get those
CDrgIleX-D0-01465-00402678-00403102 answers in
CDrgIleX-D0-01466-00403103-00403439 thank you
CDrgIleX-D0-01467-00403440-00404249 all right last chance I'm gonna call it
CDrgIleX-D0-01468-00404250-00404434 okay
CDrgIleX-D0-01469-00404435-00404669 and so it seems a little bit stickier
CDrgIleX-D0-01470-00404670-00404951 there so the answer is false okay and in
CDrgIleX-D0-01471-00404952-00405149 the interest of time and it's just
CDrgIleX-D0-01472-00405150-00405419 because when you get to 41 you kind of
CDrgIleX-D0-01473-00405420-00405599 jump to the next one right you you've
CDrgIleX-D0-01474-00405600-00405899 now passed the five so therefore the
CDrgIleX-D0-01475-00405900-00406145 five is the one on the left and 15 would
CDrgIleX-D0-01476-00406146-00406343 be the one on the right and so therefore
CDrgIleX-D0-01477-00406344-00406606 they're not equal right all right last
CDrgIleX-D0-01478-00406607-00406775 one
CDrgIleX-D0-01479-00406776-00407260 foreign
CDrgIleX-D0-01481-00410346-00411263 foreign
CDrgIleX-D0-01482-00411264-00411472 all right
CDrgIleX-D0-01483-00411473-00411730 and
CDrgIleX-D0-01484-00411731-00411934 this is true
CDrgIleX-D0-01485-00411935-00412168 um conveniently the 15 is also the
CDrgIleX-D0-01486-00412169-00412589 median right so uh 50th percentile lands
CDrgIleX-D0-01487-00412589-00412739 very nicely in this set because it's an
CDrgIleX-D0-01488-00412739-00413105 odd number uh of items and so it works
CDrgIleX-D0-01489-00413106-00413266 out pretty well
CDrgIleX-D0-01490-00413267-00413473 um
CDNqb7FIhro-00000-00000168-00001222 welcome to mobile legends
CDNqb7FIhro-00001-00001223-00001814 [Music]
CDNqb7FIhro-00002-00001816-00001982 hey kid
CDNqb7FIhro-00003-00001984-00002302 don't ever let them get inside your head
CDNqb7FIhro-00004-00002303-00002471 they'll tell you what to do in life
CDNqb7FIhro-00005-00002472-00002623 instead
CDNqb7FIhro-00006-00002624-00002942 of everything you know that you can get
CDNqb7FIhro-00007-00002943-00003118 don't let them guide your life towards
CDNqb7FIhro-00008-00003119-00003263 regret
CDNqb7FIhro-00009-00003264-00003454 i'll fight for what i love with every
CDNqb7FIhro-00010-00003455-00003583 breath
CDNqb7FIhro-00011-00003584-00003751 my past is filled with things i won't
CDNqb7FIhro-00012-00003752-00003903 forget
CDNqb7FIhro-00013-00003904-00004222 i use them all to push me to my best
CDNqb7FIhro-00014-00004223-00004415 so treat the worst of times just like a
CDNqb7FIhro-00015-00004416-00004543 test
CDNqb7FIhro-00016-00004544-00004791 if only i could go back in time i doubt
CDNqb7FIhro-00017-00004792-00005031 myself that everything will end up all
CDNqb7FIhro-00018-00005032-00005254 right just push yourself test yourself
CDNqb7FIhro-00019-00005255-00005447 figure out what you like and find your
CDNqb7FIhro-00020-00005448-00005631 limits don't be rigid always work
CDNqb7FIhro-00021-00005632-00005815 towards a prime surround yourself with
CDNqb7FIhro-00022-00005816-00007381 open minds people can't change
CDNqb7FIhro-00023-00007381-00008559 [Music]
CDNqb7FIhro-00024-00008560-00008885 wow
CDNqb7FIhro-00026-00014551-00015321 [Music]
CDNqb7FIhro-00027-00015322-00017376 [Music]
CDNqb7FIhro-00028-00017377-00018863 [Music]
CDNqb7FIhro-00029-00018864-00019660 and then
CDNqb7FIhro-00030-00019661-00020991 [Music]
CDNqb7FIhro-00031-00020992-00021310 now
CDNqb7FIhro-00032-00021311-00022903 [Music]
CDNqb7FIhro-00033-00022904-00023112 you
CE1ls7fCYfI-00000-00000008-00000407 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00001-00000408-00001182 Thomas
CE1ls7fCYfI-00002-00001183-00001474 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00003-00001475-00001684 what school from Squad it's your boy
CE1ls7fCYfI-00004-00001685-00001973 homozygi we back here with another
CE1ls7fCYfI-00005-00001973-00002291 reaction for y'all and as you all see by
CE1ls7fCYfI-00006-00002292-00002518 the thumbnail we're here we're done with
CE1ls7fCYfI-00007-00002519-00002879 a Naruto song fire with him from the
CE1ls7fCYfI-00008-00002880-00003179 Bible music now
CE1ls7fCYfI-00009-00003180-00003413 y'all already know
CE1ls7fCYfI-00010-00003414-00003647 who divide he's always going to come
CE1ls7fCYfI-00011-00003647-00003797 with the heat
CE1ls7fCYfI-00012-00003797-00004054 and figuring that this is a Naruto song
CE1ls7fCYfI-00013-00004055-00004325 it's really gonna come with heat so I
CE1ls7fCYfI-00014-00004326-00004504 just and I literally looked at the
CE1ls7fCYfI-00015-00004505-00004720 description below
CE1ls7fCYfI-00016-00004721-00004949 he said that
CE1ls7fCYfI-00017-00004950-00005099 basically I'm gonna read it to y'all
CE1ls7fCYfI-00018-00005100-00005363 saying that it's been a while
CE1ls7fCYfI-00019-00005364-00005633 my first narrative song I believe it
CE1ls7fCYfI-00020-00005634-00005951 came out in April of 2020 and now it's
CE1ls7fCYfI-00021-00005952-00007217 one of his
CE1ls7fCYfI-00022-00007218-00007445 she couldn't
CE1ls7fCYfI-00023-00007445-00007753 I always am I saying
CE1ls7fCYfI-00024-00007754-00008074 so hey
CE1ls7fCYfI-00025-00008075-00008410 that's how it is to it so make let me
CE1ls7fCYfI-00026-00008411-00008603 know if you want me to react to the one
CE1ls7fCYfI-00027-00008604-00008789 that came out in 2020 but either way
CE1ls7fCYfI-00028-00008790-00008963 we're gonna check this part we'll go
CE1ls7fCYfI-00029-00008964-00009119 check this out make sure you like
CE1ls7fCYfI-00030-00009120-00009310 comment and subscribe follow me on my
CE1ls7fCYfI-00031-00009311-00009551 socials up there and without further Ado
CE1ls7fCYfI-00032-00009552-00010128 let's get in the video
CE1ls7fCYfI-00033-00010129-00010591 you don't do
CE1ls7fCYfI-00034-00010592-00010883 I've been wondering in my mind lately
CE1ls7fCYfI-00035-00010884-00011171 I've been looking for a place to rest my
CE1ls7fCYfI-00036-00011172-00011328 head
CE1ls7fCYfI-00037-00011329-00011717 for the road that lies hurt
CE1ls7fCYfI-00038-00011718-00011987 always fighting for the ones beside me
CE1ls7fCYfI-00039-00011988-00012425 you
CE1ls7fCYfI-00040-00012426-00012631 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00041-00012632-00012904 will believe it
CE1ls7fCYfI-00042-00012905-00015151 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00043-00015152-00015768 for my whole life
CE1ls7fCYfI-00044-00015769-00016769 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00045-00016770-00017415 air area effect
CE1ls7fCYfI-00046-00017416-00017885 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00047-00017886-00018030 s
CE1ls7fCYfI-00048-00018031-00018106 [Applause]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00049-00018107-00019447 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00050-00019448-00019721 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00051-00019722-00020003 I can guarantee you this you have a
CE1ls7fCYfI-00052-00020004-00020213 certain friend of mine if she's watching
CE1ls7fCYfI-00053-00020214-00020561 this video right now she she will be
CE1ls7fCYfI-00054-00020562-00020777 loving this song
CE1ls7fCYfI-00055-00020778-00020963 oh so much
CE1ls7fCYfI-00056-00020964-00021185 [Applause]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00057-00021186-00022607 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00058-00022608-00022905 pain
CE1ls7fCYfI-00059-00022906-00024185 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00060-00024186-00024400 and I'll be telling them
CE1ls7fCYfI-00061-00024401-00024730 at this point divide
CE1ls7fCYfI-00062-00024731-00025007 and this one is I feel like he still has
CE1ls7fCYfI-00063-00025008-00025241 the mindset of saying like oh I'm not a
CE1ls7fCYfI-00064-00025242-00025684 rapper or anything but at this point
CE1ls7fCYfI-00065-00025685-00025961 let's face it whether it's rock music or
CE1ls7fCYfI-00066-00025962-00026218 the traditional rap or so-and-so it's
CE1ls7fCYfI-00067-00026219-00026339 still
CE1ls7fCYfI-00068-00026339-00026477 still spinning
CE1ls7fCYfI-00069-00026477-00026687 it's still rapping it's just the
CE1ls7fCYfI-00070-00026688-00026873 different emotions of how you do it
CE1ls7fCYfI-00071-00026874-00027167 because normally it's not like for
CE1ls7fCYfI-00072-00027168-00027293 instance
CE1ls7fCYfI-00073-00027294-00028061 like
CE1ls7fCYfI-00074-00028062-00028235 because rapping is more for when you're
CE1ls7fCYfI-00075-00028236-00028462 trying to dance when you do search right
CE1ls7fCYfI-00076-00028463-00028702 even so even with the rock music and
CE1ls7fCYfI-00077-00028704-00028817 such
CE1ls7fCYfI-00078-00028818-00029140 you're still emotionally it's just in a
CE1ls7fCYfI-00079-00029141-00029267 different type of way like you're
CE1ls7fCYfI-00080-00029268-00029608 banging your head like this
CE1ls7fCYfI-00081-00029610-00029902 either way but let's face it what I said
CE1ls7fCYfI-00082-00029904-00030017 before
CE1ls7fCYfI-00083-00030018-00030208 yeah I already hear what I keep on
CE1ls7fCYfI-00084-00030210-00030418 saying when it comes to the Bible these
CE1ls7fCYfI-00085-00030419-00030677 little sections of those songs where
CE1ls7fCYfI-00086-00030677-00031217 he's just straight up rapping
CE1ls7fCYfI-00087-00031218-00031350 foreign
CE1ls7fCYfI-00088-00031351-00032363 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00089-00032364-00033848 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00090-00033849-00034546 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00091-00034547-00035557 foreign
CE1ls7fCYfI-00092-00035558-00035560 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00093-00035561-00035784 [Applause]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00094-00035785-00036124 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00095-00036125-00037545 [Applause]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00096-00037546-00037892 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00097-00037893-00038115 [Applause]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00098-00038116-00038596 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00099-00038597-00038765 [Applause]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00100-00038766-00039162 carry my heart to the end
CE1ls7fCYfI-00101-00039163-00041568 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00102-00041569-00041789 of course
CE1ls7fCYfI-00103-00041790-00041993 you can see that from many of the
CE1ls7fCYfI-00104-00041994-00042252 American artists but really being small
CE1ls7fCYfI-00105-00042253-00042557 and throughout the evolution of it they
CE1ls7fCYfI-00106-00042558-00042767 have come a long way
CE1ls7fCYfI-00107-00042768-00042971 because normally
CE1ls7fCYfI-00108-00042972-00043151 especially especially when it comes to
CE1ls7fCYfI-00109-00043152-00043427 the the lyrics of their songs
CE1ls7fCYfI-00110-00043428-00043655 like how they write that more better
CE1ls7fCYfI-00111-00043656-00043895 research and then from the amvs and such
CE1ls7fCYfI-00112-00043896-00044146 because let's face it
CE1ls7fCYfI-00113-00044147-00044357 don't get me wrong this step there was
CE1ls7fCYfI-00114-00044358-00044567 still fire when it was coming up itself
CE1ls7fCYfI-00115-00044568-00044839 but you see a more and more Improvement
CE1ls7fCYfI-00116-00044840-00045130 not just and not only just in like
CE1ls7fCYfI-00117-00045131-00045377 making
CE1ls7fCYfI-00118-00045378-00045671 production wise and such
CE1ls7fCYfI-00119-00045672-00045874 guys trust me
CE1ls7fCYfI-00120-00045875-00046090 you would feel like
CE1ls7fCYfI-00121-00046091-00046427 the because like what he said in 2020
CE1ls7fCYfI-00122-00046428-00046733 his first name of the song believe it
CE1ls7fCYfI-00123-00046734-00046901 came out
CE1ls7fCYfI-00124-00046902-00047543 and since 2020 was almost you can see
CE1ls7fCYfI-00125-00047544-00047824 he would think that that song was one of
CE1ls7fCYfI-00126-00047825-00048155 his best right but compared to how weird
CE1ls7fCYfI-00127-00048156-00048401 but compared to how he's evolved by now
CE1ls7fCYfI-00128-00048402-00048646 do you feel like this is gonna be one of
CE1ls7fCYfI-00129-00048647-00048748 his best
CE1ls7fCYfI-00130-00048749-00049907 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00131-00049908-00050328 away
CE1ls7fCYfI-00132-00050329-00051363 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00133-00051364-00052804 [Music]
CE1ls7fCYfI-00134-00052805-00053135 anyway set up to Divine man
CE1ls7fCYfI-00135-00053136-00053416 like I said with each song he just keeps
CE1ls7fCYfI-00136-00053417-00053626 on getting better and better and better
CE1ls7fCYfI-00137-00053627-00053915 but hey like I said y'all let me know
CE1ls7fCYfI-00138-00053916-00054166 what y'all think about he's like this
CE1ls7fCYfI-00139-00054167-00054323 let me know if you want me to react to
CE1ls7fCYfI-00140-00054324-00054538 the song that he drunk three years ago
CE1ls7fCYfI-00141-00054539-00054863 his personal the song believe it and if
CE1ls7fCYfI-00142-00054864-00055037 you made it this far
CE1ls7fCYfI-00143-00055038-00055300 comment down below
CE1ls7fCYfI-00144-00055301-00055541 fire with him and that makes me know you
CE1ls7fCYfI-00145-00055541-00055744 reached it to the end of the video but
CE1ls7fCYfI-00146-00055745-00055882 it's been your boy at home basically
CE1ls7fCYfI-00147-00055883-00056063 signing out staying positive and keep
CE1ls7fCYfI-00148-00056064-00056225 your lives up
CE1ls7fCYfI-00149-00056226-00056486 Lego
CFjPnGL4p5c-00000-00000527-00000686 my name is julia berg
CFjPnGL4p5c-00001-00000687-00000991 and together with my colleague i think
CFjPnGL4p5c-00002-00000992-00001158 here
CFjPnGL4p5c-00003-00001159-00001470 yes we are the project lead of the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00004-00001471-00001695 responsible research and innovation hub
CFjPnGL4p5c-00005-00001696-00002007 at rwth aachen university
CFjPnGL4p5c-00006-00002007-00002287 and unfortunately our third speaker
CFjPnGL4p5c-00007-00002288-00002558 cannot be here today but we will shortly
CFjPnGL4p5c-00008-00002559-00002902 introduce her as well calm like shelton
CFjPnGL4p5c-00009-00002903-00003158 is the director of our hub
CFjPnGL4p5c-00010-00003159-00003486 and so she's also part of the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00011-00003488-00003775 presentation even if she cannot be here
CFjPnGL4p5c-00012-00003776-00004159 so but what are we going to talk about
CFjPnGL4p5c-00013-00004160-00004247 today
CFjPnGL4p5c-00014-00004248-00004591 um a recent study by stiftafaband and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00015-00004592-00004702 mckinsey
CFjPnGL4p5c-00016-00004703-00004951 shows that universities have generally
CFjPnGL4p5c-00017-00004952-00005175 coped well with the short-term change
CFjPnGL4p5c-00018-00005176-00005247 over
CFjPnGL4p5c-00019-00005248-00005583 to digital teaching in the recent months
CFjPnGL4p5c-00020-00005584-00005943 before the corona crisis only 12 percent
CFjPnGL4p5c-00021-00005944-00006175 of the courses at universities had a
CFjPnGL4p5c-00022-00006176-00006343 digital format
CFjPnGL4p5c-00023-00006344-00006710 but in the summer 2020 91
CFjPnGL4p5c-00024-00006711-00007023 of all courses used a digital method
CFjPnGL4p5c-00025-00007023-00007423 so we think that we can say covet 19 is
CFjPnGL4p5c-00026-00007423-00007646 a catalyst for digitization
CFjPnGL4p5c-00027-00007647-00007991 and that digital teaching was the new
CFjPnGL4p5c-00028-00007992-00008342 new normal format for us as a lecturer
CFjPnGL4p5c-00029-00008343-00008671 and also maybe for the students as well
CFjPnGL4p5c-00030-00008672-00009014 but the study also shows that the change
CFjPnGL4p5c-00031-00009015-00009306 of teaching formats in larger groups was
CFjPnGL4p5c-00032-00009307-00009703 positively evaluated but the change to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00033-00009704-00009903 in larger groups was not so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00034-00009904-00010255 positively evaluated so we would like to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00035-00010256-00010519 discuss two of these points in our talk
CFjPnGL4p5c-00036-00010520-00010831 so at the one hand we will look at how a
CFjPnGL4p5c-00037-00010832-00010959 seminar using
CFjPnGL4p5c-00038-00010960-00011199 research-based learning can be organized
CFjPnGL4p5c-00039-00011200-00011335 digitally
CFjPnGL4p5c-00040-00011336-00011542 in the first part of our presentation
CFjPnGL4p5c-00041-00011543-00011742 and afterwards we would like to take a
CFjPnGL4p5c-00042-00011743-00011919 look at the results
CFjPnGL4p5c-00043-00011920-00012255 of a study among 500 or more than 500
CFjPnGL4p5c-00044-00012256-00012599 students which we did in the semester
CFjPnGL4p5c-00045-00012600-00012879 to see what they think about the digital
CFjPnGL4p5c-00046-00012880-00012999 semester
CFjPnGL4p5c-00047-00013000-00013238 and at the end we would like to discuss
CFjPnGL4p5c-00048-00013240-00013422 with you what we can learn from the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00049-00013423-00013815 results of our talk and what universe
CFjPnGL4p5c-00050-00013816-00014030 maybe also universities can learn from
CFjPnGL4p5c-00051-00014031-00014366 the results so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00052-00014368-00014671 let's start with our learning concept
CFjPnGL4p5c-00053-00014672-00015022 so as many lecturers this year we also
CFjPnGL4p5c-00054-00015023-00015158 had to digitize
CFjPnGL4p5c-00055-00015159-00015486 an existing teaching format quickly
CFjPnGL4p5c-00056-00015487-00015638 before the semester
CFjPnGL4p5c-00057-00015640-00016022 starts and in our institute traineeship
CFjPnGL4p5c-00058-00016023-00016255 civil engineering students should have
CFjPnGL4p5c-00059-00016256-00016407 the opportunity
CFjPnGL4p5c-00060-00016408-00016639 to get insights into social science
CFjPnGL4p5c-00061-00016640-00016711 research
CFjPnGL4p5c-00062-00016712-00016935 and we use a research-based teaching
CFjPnGL4p5c-00063-00016936-00017055 format for
CFjPnGL4p5c-00064-00017056-00017358 this this institute traineeship so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00065-00017359-00017615 our challenge was to digitize a
CFjPnGL4p5c-00066-00017616-00017711 research-based
CFjPnGL4p5c-00067-00017712-00017943 teaching format which is characterized
CFjPnGL4p5c-00068-00017944-00018214 by an active participation of the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00069-00018215-00018591 of the students and as we also wanted to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00070-00018592-00018711 address the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00071-00018712-00018958 the current situation of students during
CFjPnGL4p5c-00072-00018959-00019030 the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00073-00019031-00019391 pandemic we changed our topic of the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00074-00019392-00019630 institute traineeship at short notice
CFjPnGL4p5c-00075-00019631-00020022 and address the situation of students
CFjPnGL4p5c-00076-00020023-00020103 during
CFjPnGL4p5c-00077-00020104-00020407 the corona crisis so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00078-00020408-00020727 let's take a more detailed view
CFjPnGL4p5c-00079-00020728-00021119 on the institute traineeship this year
CFjPnGL4p5c-00080-00021120-00021430 54 engineering students attended our
CFjPnGL4p5c-00081-00021431-00021614 institute traineeship and at the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00082-00021615-00021799 beginning of the semester they
CFjPnGL4p5c-00083-00021800-00022158 were divided into 10 different groups
CFjPnGL4p5c-00084-00022159-00022407 so each student could get 5 credit
CFjPnGL4p5c-00085-00022408-00022655 points at the end of the semester
CFjPnGL4p5c-00086-00022656-00022991 and as examination we used a term paper
CFjPnGL4p5c-00087-00022992-00023103 this year and also
CFjPnGL4p5c-00088-00023104-00023414 a short poster page so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00089-00023415-00023711 and following a research based teaching
CFjPnGL4p5c-00090-00023712-00023822 concept
CFjPnGL4p5c-00091-00023823-00023999 the students went through different
CFjPnGL4p5c-00092-00024000-00024230 phases of the research process during
CFjPnGL4p5c-00093-00024231-00024399 the semester
CFjPnGL4p5c-00094-00024400-00024678 and in the first session we started with
CFjPnGL4p5c-00095-00024679-00024927 the short introduction to the topic
CFjPnGL4p5c-00096-00024928-00025158 what challenges and opportunities do
CFjPnGL4p5c-00097-00025159-00025422 students see in the corner pandemic
CFjPnGL4p5c-00098-00025423-00025758 and especially the topic was positively
CFjPnGL4p5c-00099-00025760-00025999 evaluated at the end of the semester by
CFjPnGL4p5c-00100-00026000-00026094 the students
CFjPnGL4p5c-00101-00026095-00026327 as they said for example it was very
CFjPnGL4p5c-00102-00026327-00026431 up-to-date
CFjPnGL4p5c-00103-00026432-00026727 and interesting to work on such an
CFjPnGL4p5c-00104-00026727-00026918 up-to-date topic
CFjPnGL4p5c-00105-00026919-00027302 and even if we if the research topic was
CFjPnGL4p5c-00106-00027304-00027390 set by us
CFjPnGL4p5c-00107-00027391-00027679 as the lecturers each of the 10 groups
CFjPnGL4p5c-00108-00027680-00027927 could choose their own research question
CFjPnGL4p5c-00109-00027927-00028223 for the term paper and for example one
CFjPnGL4p5c-00110-00028224-00028302 group
CFjPnGL4p5c-00111-00028304-00028518 deals with the impact of the pandemic on
CFjPnGL4p5c-00112-00028519-00028702 the well-being of the students while
CFjPnGL4p5c-00113-00028704-00028887 another group focused
CFjPnGL4p5c-00114-00028888-00029270 on whether or how the pandemic has an
CFjPnGL4p5c-00115-00029272-00029351 influence
CFjPnGL4p5c-00116-00029352-00029614 on work and higher education in the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00117-00029616-00029767 future
CFjPnGL4p5c-00118-00029768-00030158 and afterwards the research overview was
CFjPnGL4p5c-00119-00030160-00030383 conducted by each group based on the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00120-00030383-00030574 research question
CFjPnGL4p5c-00121-00030575-00030887 and due to the contact restrictions and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00122-00030888-00031007 the number of students
CFjPnGL4p5c-00123-00031008-00031327 which was relatively large for
CFjPnGL4p5c-00124-00031327-00031583 the institute traineeship with 54
CFjPnGL4p5c-00125-00031583-00031670 students
CFjPnGL4p5c-00126-00031672-00031967 we chose an online survey as the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00127-00031968-00032207 research method for this semester
CFjPnGL4p5c-00128-00032208-00032431 and in the seminar we discussed the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00129-00032432-00032623 structure of the questionnaire with the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00130-00032624-00032758 students so the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00131-00032760-00033007 the questionnaire consisted of five
CFjPnGL4p5c-00132-00033008-00033062 different
CFjPnGL4p5c-00133-00033063-00033367 parts but i will expand it later in the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00134-00033368-00033407 next
CFjPnGL4p5c-00135-00033408-00033671 slide and each of the ten groups then
CFjPnGL4p5c-00136-00033672-00033759 developed
CFjPnGL4p5c-00137-00033760-00033974 an introduction to the questionnaire and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00138-00033975-00034207 a couple of questions
CFjPnGL4p5c-00139-00034208-00034462 and we collected all questions
CFjPnGL4p5c-00140-00034463-00034599 afterwards
CFjPnGL4p5c-00141-00034600-00034943 um and then started a peer review
CFjPnGL4p5c-00142-00034944-00035159 process and a pre-test so that all
CFjPnGL4p5c-00143-00035160-00035374 students had the possibility to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00144-00035375-00035583 give feedback to their fellow students
CFjPnGL4p5c-00145-00035584-00035790 on the introductions and the research
CFjPnGL4p5c-00146-00035791-00035943 questions
CFjPnGL4p5c-00147-00035944-00036311 and moreover
CFjPnGL4p5c-00148-00036312-00036687 so we voted on the introductions and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00149-00036688-00037095 similarly formulated questions using the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00150-00037096-00037383 survey function in zoom and at the end
CFjPnGL4p5c-00151-00037384-00037479 of the semester
CFjPnGL4p5c-00152-00037480-00037711 most of the students stated that they
CFjPnGL4p5c-00153-00037712-00037918 really like the possibility
CFjPnGL4p5c-00154-00037919-00038174 to actively participate in the decision
CFjPnGL4p5c-00155-00038175-00038302 making process
CFjPnGL4p5c-00156-00038303-00038655 in a lecture or in a seminar and after
CFjPnGL4p5c-00157-00038656-00038974 implementing the changes in the survey
CFjPnGL4p5c-00158-00038975-00039239 tool we finished and published
CFjPnGL4p5c-00159-00039240-00039662 the questionnaire on our survey tool
CFjPnGL4p5c-00160-00039663-00039935 and then the data was collected by the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00161-00039936-00040007 students
CFjPnGL4p5c-00162-00040008-00040279 and analyzed afterwards in their group
CFjPnGL4p5c-00163-00040280-00040455 so in the ten groups
CFjPnGL4p5c-00164-00040456-00040790 and the last step of the research
CFjPnGL4p5c-00165-00040791-00040999 process the reflection
CFjPnGL4p5c-00166-00041000-00041230 as well as the evaluation of the data
CFjPnGL4p5c-00167-00041231-00041302 took place
CFjPnGL4p5c-00168-00041303-00041558 in the groups as well and for example in
CFjPnGL4p5c-00169-00041559-00041807 the context of the term paper
CFjPnGL4p5c-00170-00041808-00042111 and also according to the evaluation
CFjPnGL4p5c-00171-00042112-00042351 the students really liked working on the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00172-00042352-00042630 research topic on their own
CFjPnGL4p5c-00173-00042631-00043079 so now
CFjPnGL4p5c-00174-00043080-00043743 so we it's not working
CFjPnGL4p5c-00175-00043744-00044143 i cannot ah no sorry so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00176-00044144-00044407 now after explaining a couple of facts
CFjPnGL4p5c-00177-00044408-00044455 about
CFjPnGL4p5c-00178-00044456-00044751 our teaching concept we will go on with
CFjPnGL4p5c-00179-00044752-00044943 the survey which was conducted by the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00180-00044944-00045055 students
CFjPnGL4p5c-00181-00045056-00045343 so as i said before the structure of the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00182-00045344-00045455 questionnaire
CFjPnGL4p5c-00183-00045456-00045807 was that we had five different parts in
CFjPnGL4p5c-00184-00045808-00045967 the questionnaire so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00185-00045968-00046215 for example the first part had some
CFjPnGL4p5c-00186-00046216-00046430 questions about the living situation
CFjPnGL4p5c-00187-00046431-00046751 of the students or about studying from
CFjPnGL4p5c-00188-00046752-00046830 home
CFjPnGL4p5c-00189-00046831-00047086 the second part contain questions about
CFjPnGL4p5c-00190-00047087-00047335 the pandemic regulations
CFjPnGL4p5c-00191-00047336-00047502 and the third part about the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00192-00047503-00047662 satisfaction of needs
CFjPnGL4p5c-00193-00047663-00047967 of the students and the last two parts
CFjPnGL4p5c-00194-00047968-00048223 included questions about the well-being
CFjPnGL4p5c-00195-00048224-00048302 as well
CFjPnGL4p5c-00196-00048303-00048615 as for example about the age gender
CFjPnGL4p5c-00197-00048616-00048823 and other demographic data of the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00198-00048824-00048943 respondents
CFjPnGL4p5c-00199-00048944-00049407 and all in all 555
CFjPnGL4p5c-00200-00049408-00049823 students uh did our questionnaire
CFjPnGL4p5c-00201-00049824-00049983 between may 22
CFjPnGL4p5c-00202-00049984-00050295 and june 15 and yes as
CFjPnGL4p5c-00203-00050296-00050502 all of them were students the average
CFjPnGL4p5c-00204-00050503-00050727 age was 22
CFjPnGL4p5c-00205-00050728-00051086 and we had 258 males
CFjPnGL4p5c-00206-00051087-00051414 or men and 290 women
CFjPnGL4p5c-00207-00051415-00051735 in our as our respondents
CFjPnGL4p5c-00208-00051736-00052046 and so i think i will
CFjPnGL4p5c-00209-00052047-00052302 hand over to my colleague joshua about
CFjPnGL4p5c-00210-00052303-00052687 the results
CFjPnGL4p5c-00211-00052688-00053063 thank you julia before we take a closer
CFjPnGL4p5c-00212-00053064-00053142 look
CFjPnGL4p5c-00213-00053144-00053423 at selected items and results we'd like
CFjPnGL4p5c-00214-00053424-00053494 to share
CFjPnGL4p5c-00215-00053495-00053799 one open question with you um you will
CFjPnGL4p5c-00216-00053800-00053863 find
CFjPnGL4p5c-00217-00053864-00054207 the link to our mentee meter right now
CFjPnGL4p5c-00218-00054208-00054582 um in the chat so please feel free to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00219-00054583-00054671 share with
CFjPnGL4p5c-00220-00054672-00054942 us what is your key inside with regards
CFjPnGL4p5c-00221-00054944-00055142 to the digital semester and we will get
CFjPnGL4p5c-00222-00055144-00055230 back to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00223-00055232-00055591 your answers in our um spotlight session
CFjPnGL4p5c-00224-00055591-00055687 at the end
CFjPnGL4p5c-00225-00055688-00055894 where we will also answer your questions
CFjPnGL4p5c-00226-00055895-00056023 you might be raising
CFjPnGL4p5c-00227-00056024-00056407 in the meantime and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00228-00056408-00056766 moving on to the first item
CFjPnGL4p5c-00229-00056767-00057007 you will find the item on the left hand
CFjPnGL4p5c-00230-00057008-00057103 side the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00231-00057104-00057303 overall results of our questionnaire on
CFjPnGL4p5c-00232-00057304-00057447 the right hand side
CFjPnGL4p5c-00233-00057448-00057791 and highlighted below one key insight
CFjPnGL4p5c-00234-00057791-00058135 we want to emphasize today and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00235-00058136-00058326 by asking the students about their
CFjPnGL4p5c-00236-00058327-00058630 perceived productivity 55 percent
CFjPnGL4p5c-00237-00058632-00058887 of the students indicated that they
CFjPnGL4p5c-00238-00058888-00058966 strongly
CFjPnGL4p5c-00239-00058967-00059271 disagree with a statement that
CFjPnGL4p5c-00240-00059272-00059607 they have been more productive lately
CFjPnGL4p5c-00241-00059608-00059950 moving on to our next item
CFjPnGL4p5c-00242-00059951-00060215 you can see that referring to the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00243-00060216-00060454 possible places to study so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00244-00060455-00060791 at home or on campus 39
CFjPnGL4p5c-00245-00060791-00061038 of them agreed that they can pursue
CFjPnGL4p5c-00246-00061039-00061215 their studies from home
CFjPnGL4p5c-00247-00061216-00061471 and at that point i'd like to move over
CFjPnGL4p5c-00248-00061472-00061854 to julia again
CFjPnGL4p5c-00249-00061855-00062350 thank you um
CFjPnGL4p5c-00250-00062351-00062687 sorry now
CFjPnGL4p5c-00251-00062688-00062991 yes we also asked or regarded the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00252-00062991-00063206 required infrastructure
CFjPnGL4p5c-00253-00063207-00063519 such as internet access or laptops and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00254-00063520-00063615 the majority
CFjPnGL4p5c-00255-00063616-00064006 so 90 of all respondents said that
CFjPnGL4p5c-00256-00064007-00064182 that they possess the necessary
CFjPnGL4p5c-00257-00064183-00064482 infrastructure for example for online
CFjPnGL4p5c-00258-00064483-00064919 teaching and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00259-00064920-00065247 so so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00260-00065248-00065559 and since the pandemic has caused lots
CFjPnGL4p5c-00261-00065560-00065782 of part-time jobs for many students we
CFjPnGL4p5c-00262-00065783-00066031 also ask the participants whether the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00263-00066032-00066294 possibility of having a part-time job
CFjPnGL4p5c-00264-00066295-00066663 had worsened and about 15
CFjPnGL4p5c-00265-00066664-00066999 49 of the respondents agreed
CFjPnGL4p5c-00266-00067000-00067199 that the possibility of pursuing a
CFjPnGL4p5c-00267-00067200-00067438 part-time job has worsened so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00268-00067439-00067919 i will hand over to you
CFjPnGL4p5c-00269-00067920-00068247 the next question referred to the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00270-00068248-00068615 financial burden and 23 percent
CFjPnGL4p5c-00271-00068616-00068903 indicated that they are burdened by a
CFjPnGL4p5c-00272-00068904-00069063 current change in their financial
CFjPnGL4p5c-00273-00069064-00069182 situation
CFjPnGL4p5c-00274-00069183-00069463 which has a direct impact on their
CFjPnGL4p5c-00275-00069464-00069838 possibility to finance their studies
CFjPnGL4p5c-00276-00069839-00070238 moving on to the question
CFjPnGL4p5c-00277-00070239-00070471 that with regards to the digital
CFjPnGL4p5c-00278-00070472-00070615 semester overall about
CFjPnGL4p5c-00279-00070616-00070935 68 percent consider it a burden
CFjPnGL4p5c-00280-00070936-00071262 that teaching only takes place online
CFjPnGL4p5c-00281-00071263-00071535 and right now we will be moving on to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00282-00071536-00071623 the open
CFjPnGL4p5c-00283-00071624-00072087 questions of our questionnaire
CFjPnGL4p5c-00284-00072088-00072423 yes thank you and in addition to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00285-00072424-00072726 more than 20 closed questions we also
CFjPnGL4p5c-00286-00072727-00072943 included two open questions in the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00287-00072944-00073206 questionnaire
CFjPnGL4p5c-00288-00073207-00073526 on how the pandemic has influenced
CFjPnGL4p5c-00289-00073527-00073847 the the possibilities for individual
CFjPnGL4p5c-00290-00073848-00074182 development positively or negatively
CFjPnGL4p5c-00291-00074183-00074535 and we have summarized the topics in
CFjPnGL4p5c-00292-00074536-00074687 three categories
CFjPnGL4p5c-00293-00074688-00074967 and as negative points the participants
CFjPnGL4p5c-00294-00074968-00075135 named for example
CFjPnGL4p5c-00295-00075136-00075438 closed sport facilities and then not
CFjPnGL4p5c-00296-00075439-00075647 enough time for sports or not enough
CFjPnGL4p5c-00297-00075648-00075767 sports
CFjPnGL4p5c-00298-00075768-00076094 and more than 150 respondents
CFjPnGL4p5c-00299-00076095-00076415 also named isolation so no social
CFjPnGL4p5c-00300-00076416-00076582 contacts no face-to-face
CFjPnGL4p5c-00301-00076583-00076871 events and therefore also no contact to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00302-00076872-00077038 fellow students
CFjPnGL4p5c-00303-00077039-00077406 and moreover more than 50 respondents
CFjPnGL4p5c-00304-00077407-00077782 said that negat the mental stress was
CFjPnGL4p5c-00305-00077783-00078126 a negative influence so for example they
CFjPnGL4p5c-00306-00078127-00078182 said
CFjPnGL4p5c-00307-00078183-00078455 significant significantly more stress
CFjPnGL4p5c-00308-00078456-00078703 due to postponed exams
CFjPnGL4p5c-00309-00078704-00079094 or more difficult study situation
CFjPnGL4p5c-00310-00079095-00079438 but also some points are mentioned
CFjPnGL4p5c-00311-00079439-00079799 positively for example more than 250
CFjPnGL4p5c-00312-00079800-00079943 people which is
CFjPnGL4p5c-00313-00079944-00080182 which is about half of the respondents
CFjPnGL4p5c-00314-00080183-00080375 positively highlighted more
CFjPnGL4p5c-00315-00080376-00080655 time so more time for cooking more time
CFjPnGL4p5c-00316-00080656-00080838 for creativity
CFjPnGL4p5c-00317-00080839-00081159 and also some people mentioned more time
CFjPnGL4p5c-00318-00081160-00081223 for
CFjPnGL4p5c-00319-00081224-00081567 myself more time for self reflection
CFjPnGL4p5c-00320-00081568-00081871 and also online lectures were were
CFjPnGL4p5c-00321-00081872-00082047 positively highlighted but
CFjPnGL4p5c-00322-00082048-00082399 only by less than 20 people so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00323-00082400-00082655 but for example some students said some
CFjPnGL4p5c-00324-00082656-00082735 courses
CFjPnGL4p5c-00325-00082736-00082918 are even better online than in the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00326-00082919-00083038 lecture hall
CFjPnGL4p5c-00327-00083039-00083311 and another one for example said that
CFjPnGL4p5c-00328-00083312-00084231 they attended more lectures
CFjPnGL4p5c-00329-00084232-00084503 we are now entering our spotlight
CFjPnGL4p5c-00330-00084504-00084575 session
CFjPnGL4p5c-00331-00084576-00084831 um which is meant for you to raise
CFjPnGL4p5c-00332-00084832-00084918 questions
CFjPnGL4p5c-00333-00084919-00085118 um we've received one question in the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00334-00085119-00085247 chat already
CFjPnGL4p5c-00335-00085248-00085511 and a couple of answers um to our menti
CFjPnGL4p5c-00336-00085512-00085575 meter
CFjPnGL4p5c-00337-00085576-00085862 question and therefore i'd like to at
CFjPnGL4p5c-00338-00085863-00085926 first
CFjPnGL4p5c-00339-00085927-00086279 um share the screen with the answers you
CFjPnGL4p5c-00340-00086280-00086543 entered with you and afterwards feel
CFjPnGL4p5c-00341-00086544-00086591 free
CFjPnGL4p5c-00342-00086592-00086935 um to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00343-00086936-00087135 present yourself show yourself and join
CFjPnGL4p5c-00344-00087136-00088367 us in a short discussion
CFjPnGL4p5c-00345-00088368-00088726 right now you should be able to see um
CFjPnGL4p5c-00346-00088727-00089047 the overall results um you shared with
CFjPnGL4p5c-00347-00089048-00089199 us
CFjPnGL4p5c-00348-00089200-00089503 um i'd like to point out
CFjPnGL4p5c-00349-00089504-00089887 there as our question i already had
CFjPnGL4p5c-00350-00089888-00089935 shown
CFjPnGL4p5c-00351-00089936-00090226 um there are very different ways of
CFjPnGL4p5c-00352-00090227-00090350 experiencing
CFjPnGL4p5c-00353-00090351-00090799 um the digital semester depending on
CFjPnGL4p5c-00354-00090800-00091031 quite a bunch of factors right now i'd
CFjPnGL4p5c-00355-00091032-00091279 like to open this question up
CFjPnGL4p5c-00356-00091280-00091606 for you is there something you would
CFjPnGL4p5c-00357-00091607-00091687 like
CFjPnGL4p5c-00358-00091688-00092055 the group so please feel free to step
CFjPnGL4p5c-00359-00092056-00093943 forward right now
CFjPnGL4p5c-00360-00093944-00094174 so i guess we can just switch to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00361-00094175-00094391 answering the question which has been
CFjPnGL4p5c-00362-00094392-00094582 raised and julia would you like to take
CFjPnGL4p5c-00363-00094583-00094943 over right here yes sure
CFjPnGL4p5c-00364-00094944-00095279 so we had a part about well-being and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00365-00095280-00095326 the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00366-00095327-00095750 mental well-being um
CFjPnGL4p5c-00367-00095751-00096094 we asked them for example even if they
CFjPnGL4p5c-00368-00096095-00096471 perceive more stress at the moment so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00369-00096472-00096791 i think it was about 40 percent of the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00370-00096792-00096911 students said that they
CFjPnGL4p5c-00371-00096912-00097255 perceive more stress which is all also
CFjPnGL4p5c-00372-00097256-00097503 obviously in the open questions where
CFjPnGL4p5c-00373-00097504-00097591 people
CFjPnGL4p5c-00374-00097592-00097931 this was very interesting from the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00375-00097932-00098274 555 students i think about
CFjPnGL4p5c-00376-00098275-00098606 450 people answered the open questions
CFjPnGL4p5c-00377-00098607-00098999 and they did not need to answer the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00378-00099000-00099191 questions in the questionnaire so
CFjPnGL4p5c-00379-00099192-00099415 we were kindly surprised that so many
CFjPnGL4p5c-00380-00099416-00099655 people answered the open questions
CFjPnGL4p5c-00381-00099656-00099950 and they were very interesting as the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00382-00099951-00100143 students were very
CFjPnGL4p5c-00383-00100144-00100462 yeah they said they which problems they
CFjPnGL4p5c-00384-00100463-00100550 really have
CFjPnGL4p5c-00385-00100551-00100918 it was much with isolation so no contact
CFjPnGL4p5c-00386-00100919-00101015 with family
CFjPnGL4p5c-00387-00101016-00101326 or no contact with friends and that they
CFjPnGL4p5c-00388-00101327-00101367 have
CFjPnGL4p5c-00389-00101368-00101671 like a fear to to visit family
CFjPnGL4p5c-00390-00101672-00101982 or grandmother grandfather
CFjPnGL4p5c-00391-00101983-00102326 and it was also a problem to motivate
CFjPnGL4p5c-00392-00102327-00102430 for motivation
CFjPnGL4p5c-00393-00102431-00102678 so that they said they cannot motivate
CFjPnGL4p5c-00394-00102679-00102782 themselves
CFjPnGL4p5c-00395-00102783-00103086 to learn at home so they need for
CFjPnGL4p5c-00396-00103088-00103199 example
CFjPnGL4p5c-00397-00103200-00103551 the situation at the at the university
CFjPnGL4p5c-00398-00103552-00103639 to learn with
CFjPnGL4p5c-00399-00103640-00103894 other students or something like that
CFjPnGL4p5c-00400-00103895-00104023 and this was
CFjPnGL4p5c-00401-00104024-00104342 i for me this was very interesting to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00402-00104343-00104430 see which
CFjPnGL4p5c-00403-00104431-00104702 problems they really have and they were
CFjPnGL4p5c-00404-00104703-00104806 very
CFjPnGL4p5c-00405-00104807-00105110 yeah surprising
CFjPnGL4p5c-00406-00105111-00105366 yeah hi everyone i'm here i i raise this
CFjPnGL4p5c-00407-00105367-00105415 question
CFjPnGL4p5c-00408-00105416-00105558 thank you julia for answering this
CFjPnGL4p5c-00409-00105559-00105790 question i'm i have to say i'm very much
CFjPnGL4p5c-00410-00105791-00106007 interested in these findings as
CFjPnGL4p5c-00411-00106008-00106271 you know when we plan our next semester
CFjPnGL4p5c-00412-00106272-00106327 um
CFjPnGL4p5c-00413-00106328-00106639 i really would like to include all these
CFjPnGL4p5c-00414-00106640-00106766 issues or
CFjPnGL4p5c-00415-00106767-00107095 acknowledge them in in a way that
CFjPnGL4p5c-00416-00107096-00107399 we do not expect the same motivation for
CFjPnGL4p5c-00417-00107400-00107607 example as you just mentioned
CFjPnGL4p5c-00418-00107608-00107919 and also to appreciate this
CFjPnGL4p5c-00419-00107920-00108247 very difficult circumstances and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00420-00108248-00108510 as far as i know they they will continue
CFjPnGL4p5c-00421-00108511-00108575 at some
CFjPnGL4p5c-00422-00108576-00108847 point or to some extent and it's very
CFjPnGL4p5c-00423-00108848-00109015 individual
CFjPnGL4p5c-00424-00109016-00109319 responses in terms of mental well-being
CFjPnGL4p5c-00425-00109320-00109399 so um
CFjPnGL4p5c-00426-00109400-00109639 so my question is can we further see
CFjPnGL4p5c-00427-00109640-00109847 some of your results uh
CFjPnGL4p5c-00428-00109848-00110071 uh you you produce that this is very
CFjPnGL4p5c-00429-00110072-00110183 very important and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00430-00110183-00110375 i don't know how you're going to publish
CFjPnGL4p5c-00431-00110376-00110502 or to communicate
CFjPnGL4p5c-00432-00110503-00110695 these findings because i like to refer
CFjPnGL4p5c-00433-00110696-00110847 to them and also to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00434-00110848-00111175 to make use of these results to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00435-00111176-00111478 better prepare my own lectures in the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00436-00111479-00111639 next semester
CFjPnGL4p5c-00437-00111640-00111934 and just to refer to a second input i
CFjPnGL4p5c-00438-00111935-00112078 provided i
CFjPnGL4p5c-00439-00112079-00112263 put in in the questionnaire dementi
CFjPnGL4p5c-00440-00112264-00112423 meter
CFjPnGL4p5c-00441-00112424-00112654 i've seen many black windows so as a
CFjPnGL4p5c-00442-00112655-00112854 teacher
CFjPnGL4p5c-00443-00112855-00113054 i had to get used to but i found it also
CFjPnGL4p5c-00444-00113055-00113247 very annoying and disappointing at some
CFjPnGL4p5c-00445-00113248-00113319 point
CFjPnGL4p5c-00446-00113320-00113527 and i i think we are just learning a
CFjPnGL4p5c-00447-00113528-00113647 culture
CFjPnGL4p5c-00448-00113648-00113983 of how we use these tools
CFjPnGL4p5c-00449-00113983-00114375 and so what i did i ask my students
CFjPnGL4p5c-00450-00114376-00114671 at least when they listen to me and when
CFjPnGL4p5c-00451-00114672-00114927 they speak to turn on the cameras
CFjPnGL4p5c-00452-00114928-00115263 because giving a small group i i
CFjPnGL4p5c-00453-00115264-00115502 i found it very kind of disturbing
CFjPnGL4p5c-00454-00115503-00115663 sometimes
CFjPnGL4p5c-00455-00115664-00115886 that's the only picture i see is myself
CFjPnGL4p5c-00456-00115888-00116063 and i think
CFjPnGL4p5c-00457-00116064-00116215 you know even your feedback now and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00458-00116216-00116431 smiling is sort of feedback to me and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00459-00116432-00116583 what i say and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00460-00116583-00116854 it influences my way of talking in the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00461-00116855-00117015 next sentence so i think
CFjPnGL4p5c-00462-00117016-00117295 these are visual connections we need to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00463-00117296-00117415 really
CFjPnGL4p5c-00464-00117416-00117719 uh at least i need to have them uh
CFjPnGL4p5c-00465-00117720-00118071 to to to speak better to uh respond in a
CFjPnGL4p5c-00466-00118072-00118134 better way
CFjPnGL4p5c-00467-00118135-00118423 so i think we we still need to learn and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00468-00118424-00118607 set up standards and talk about
CFjPnGL4p5c-00469-00118608-00118815 um you know all the opportunities we
CFjPnGL4p5c-00470-00118816-00119015 have with these tools but also how to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00471-00119016-00119327 use it and to overcome some of the fear
CFjPnGL4p5c-00472-00119328-00119431 some people might have
CFjPnGL4p5c-00473-00119432-00119623 that they see my private bookshelf in
CFjPnGL4p5c-00474-00119624-00119775 the background and things like this
CFjPnGL4p5c-00475-00119776-00119902 which i can understand
CFjPnGL4p5c-00476-00119903-00120263 and we we need to um agree
CFjPnGL4p5c-00477-00120264-00120631 to some point or for some decisions
CFjPnGL4p5c-00478-00120632-00120966 and so it's a learning process i'm
CFjPnGL4p5c-00479-00120967-00121334 taking part as we all do so thank you
CFjPnGL4p5c-00480-00121335-00121702 yeah thank you too this is
CFjPnGL4p5c-00481-00121703-00122127 exactly the same thing we we had in the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00482-00122128-00122334 in the last semester we had a match of
CFjPnGL4p5c-00483-00122335-00122486 black windows
CFjPnGL4p5c-00484-00122488-00122743 and i think it was interesting when i
CFjPnGL4p5c-00485-00122744-00122790 had
CFjPnGL4p5c-00486-00122791-00123134 my online office hours where i talked to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00487-00123135-00123214 the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00488-00123215-00123510 to the groups in in the small groups of
CFjPnGL4p5c-00489-00123511-00123575 the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00490-00123576-00123886 ten groups all of them had
CFjPnGL4p5c-00491-00123888-00124190 their picture on so it was not the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00492-00124191-00124295 problem that they
CFjPnGL4p5c-00493-00124296-00124614 did not want to show themselves to me
CFjPnGL4p5c-00494-00124615-00124999 maybe but in the in the lecture with all
CFjPnGL4p5c-00495-00125000-00125119 the 50
CFjPnGL4p5c-00496-00125120-00125471 students no one had his picture on
CFjPnGL4p5c-00497-00125472-00125783 so i don't know what to do
CFjPnGL4p5c-00498-00125783-00126102 but maybe i thought about
CFjPnGL4p5c-00499-00126103-00126439 doing something like a code of conduct
CFjPnGL4p5c-00500-00126440-00126671 in the next semester so that maybe in
CFjPnGL4p5c-00501-00126672-00126783 the first
CFjPnGL4p5c-00502-00126783-00127095 session we can talk with the students
CFjPnGL4p5c-00503-00127096-00127390 what they what they expect and what we
CFjPnGL4p5c-00504-00127391-00127614 expect and maybe then motivate them
CFjPnGL4p5c-00505-00127615-00127975 to to show their pictures and to also
CFjPnGL4p5c-00506-00127976-00128271 maybe unmute themselves when they have
CFjPnGL4p5c-00507-00128272-00128407 questions but
CFjPnGL4p5c-00508-00128408-00128702 because in our in our seminar it was
CFjPnGL4p5c-00509-00128703-00128871 mostly the case that they asked the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00510-00128872-00129031 questions in the chat
CFjPnGL4p5c-00511-00129032-00129358 and not not and did not unmute
CFjPnGL4p5c-00512-00129359-00129551 themselves so that they can ask the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00513-00129552-00129686 questions
CFjPnGL4p5c-00514-00129688-00130031 so that everyone can hear them and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00515-00130032-00130319 the first question about the publication
CFjPnGL4p5c-00516-00130320-00130407 of the results
CFjPnGL4p5c-00517-00130408-00130783 i think we we will publish the results
CFjPnGL4p5c-00518-00130783-00130847 maybe
CFjPnGL4p5c-00519-00130848-00131247 in the paper but we are not not that far
CFjPnGL4p5c-00520-00131248-00131543 with the paper but i don't know i have
CFjPnGL4p5c-00521-00131544-00131695 to look it up if it's
CFjPnGL4p5c-00522-00131696-00131990 for example also possible to share the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00523-00131991-00132151 to share the results of the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00524-00132152-00132239 questionnaire
CFjPnGL4p5c-00525-00132240-00132575 but i think i have first have to look it
CFjPnGL4p5c-00526-00132576-00132647 up if this
CFjPnGL4p5c-00527-00132648-00132951 is possible
CFjPnGL4p5c-00528-00132952-00133175 yeah thank you very much and maybe
CFjPnGL4p5c-00529-00133176-00133295 others will share their
CFjPnGL4p5c-00530-00133296-00133527 experiences with black screens and other
CFjPnGL4p5c-00531-00133528-00133599 aspects
CFjPnGL4p5c-00532-00133600-00133902 i turn myself now unmute and also
CFjPnGL4p5c-00533-00133903-00133983 invisible
CFjPnGL4p5c-00534-00133984-00134383 thank you thank you
CFjPnGL4p5c-00535-00134384-00134654 another question um has just popped up
CFjPnGL4p5c-00536-00134655-00134735 thank you
CFjPnGL4p5c-00537-00134736-00135063 um it's referring to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00538-00135064-00135543 the element of encouraging students
CFjPnGL4p5c-00539-00135544-00135823 and this is something julie and i also
CFjPnGL4p5c-00540-00135824-00135935 talked a lot about
CFjPnGL4p5c-00541-00135936-00136278 um quite recently in terms of
CFjPnGL4p5c-00542-00136279-00136607 um how to create and select
CFjPnGL4p5c-00543-00136608-00136911 uh sufficient tools and platforms online
CFjPnGL4p5c-00544-00136912-00137078 tools and platforms
CFjPnGL4p5c-00545-00137079-00137447 um to encourage
CFjPnGL4p5c-00546-00137448-00137766 the students as well as everyone who
CFjPnGL4p5c-00547-00137767-00137878 might be joining in
CFjPnGL4p5c-00548-00137879-00138207 in those digital formats and we look at
CFjPnGL4p5c-00549-00138208-00138263 it
CFjPnGL4p5c-00550-00138264-00138543 from an community engagement point of
CFjPnGL4p5c-00551-00138544-00138599 view
CFjPnGL4p5c-00552-00138600-00138902 so we try to actually come up with a
CFjPnGL4p5c-00553-00138903-00139023 certain
CFjPnGL4p5c-00554-00139024-00139351 um roadmap
CFjPnGL4p5c-00555-00139352-00139687 of creating a community in a digital
CFjPnGL4p5c-00556-00139688-00139927 working environment and this is strongly
CFjPnGL4p5c-00557-00139928-00140039 connected to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00558-00140040-00140343 what has been mentioned before the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00559-00140344-00140535 culture
CFjPnGL4p5c-00560-00140536-00140743 the culture of digitization at
CFjPnGL4p5c-00561-00140744-00140854 universities
CFjPnGL4p5c-00562-00140855-00141159 and the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00563-00141160-00141423 willingness to actually try out
CFjPnGL4p5c-00564-00141424-00141502 something new
CFjPnGL4p5c-00565-00141503-00141711 and there are some points on the menti
CFjPnGL4p5c-00566-00141712-00141927 meter i want to emphasize
CFjPnGL4p5c-00567-00141928-00142302 in that regard um e-learning works after
CFjPnGL4p5c-00568-00142303-00142335 all
CFjPnGL4p5c-00569-00142336-00142583 and um another one suddenly all
CFjPnGL4p5c-00570-00142584-00142743 lecturers are able to teach
CFjPnGL4p5c-00571-00142744-00142983 digitally and it's not as bad as
CFjPnGL4p5c-00572-00142984-00143126 suspected
CFjPnGL4p5c-00573-00143127-00143375 um this is definitely something we
CFjPnGL4p5c-00574-00143376-00143535 experienced as well
CFjPnGL4p5c-00575-00143536-00143735 um and it has been pointed out in the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00576-00143736-00143895 recent study of the stift of abundant
CFjPnGL4p5c-00577-00143896-00143990 julia mentioned
CFjPnGL4p5c-00578-00143991-00144271 recently that um once we have stepped
CFjPnGL4p5c-00579-00144272-00144439 into this
CFjPnGL4p5c-00580-00144440-00144783 unknown area for some and for others
CFjPnGL4p5c-00581-00144784-00145087 not that much of an unknown area
CFjPnGL4p5c-00582-00145088-00145319 we could actually figure out that it's
CFjPnGL4p5c-00583-00145320-00145407 working
CFjPnGL4p5c-00584-00145408-00145663 very well and we can focus on fine
CFjPnGL4p5c-00585-00145664-00145783 tuning
CFjPnGL4p5c-00586-00145784-00147083 digital performance right now
CFjPnGL4p5c-00587-00147084-00147407 okay see a short discussion
CFjPnGL4p5c-00588-00147408-00147695 no more questions right now um i will
CFjPnGL4p5c-00589-00147696-00147766 stop
CFjPnGL4p5c-00590-00147767-00148111 the screen sharing um
CFjPnGL4p5c-00591-00148112-00148302 one last time the question if there are
CFjPnGL4p5c-00592-00148303-00149119 any open questions from your site
CFjPnGL4p5c-00593-00149120-00149502 if not and with a short glimpse at that
CFjPnGL4p5c-00594-00149503-00149863 clock which is running
CFjPnGL4p5c-00595-00149864-00150223 we'd like to break it down and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00596-00150224-00150559 we structured our key insights on three
CFjPnGL4p5c-00597-00150560-00150639 levels
CFjPnGL4p5c-00598-00150640-00150966 um the key insights for us
CFjPnGL4p5c-00599-00150967-00151343 as teaching personal um
CFjPnGL4p5c-00600-00151344-00151663 the main factor of course is um being
CFjPnGL4p5c-00601-00151664-00151790 comfortable
CFjPnGL4p5c-00602-00151791-00152111 with this digital environment yourself
CFjPnGL4p5c-00603-00152112-00152399 um being willing to engage with the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00604-00152400-00152599 tools and platforms which are there
CFjPnGL4p5c-00605-00152600-00152926 and furthermore um the factor of um
CFjPnGL4p5c-00606-00152927-00153214 choosing a current topic um has been one
CFjPnGL4p5c-00607-00153215-00153399 of the key elements
CFjPnGL4p5c-00608-00153400-00153726 for us um to overcome or
CFjPnGL4p5c-00609-00153727-00153943 let's put it in other words to create
CFjPnGL4p5c-00610-00153944-00154102 urgency
CFjPnGL4p5c-00611-00154103-00154407 up to a certain extent in terms of the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00612-00154408-00154447 hub
CFjPnGL4p5c-00613-00154448-00154735 the project we are responsible for which
CFjPnGL4p5c-00614-00154736-00154807 is
CFjPnGL4p5c-00615-00154808-00155031 focusing on the intersections of science
CFjPnGL4p5c-00616-00155032-00155326 and society on a regional level
CFjPnGL4p5c-00617-00155327-00155639 we're trying to balance digital and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00618-00155640-00155878 non-digital
CFjPnGL4p5c-00619-00155879-00156231 meeting spaces or engagement spaces
CFjPnGL4p5c-00620-00156232-00156423 which is also a very interesting
CFjPnGL4p5c-00621-00156424-00156671 question
CFjPnGL4p5c-00622-00156672-00157031 and leading to the university level
CFjPnGL4p5c-00623-00157032-00157247 and on the university level the key
CFjPnGL4p5c-00624-00157248-00157383 element has been
CFjPnGL4p5c-00625-00157384-00157687 mentioned already a
CFjPnGL4p5c-00626-00157688-00158063 change of culture which is related to
CFjPnGL4p5c-00627-00158064-00158326 a process of organizational development
CFjPnGL4p5c-00628-00158327-00158447 we have proved that
CFjPnGL4p5c-00629-00158448-00158766 universities are able to cope with the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00630-00158767-00158966 digital semester and i'm not talking
CFjPnGL4p5c-00631-00158967-00159047 about
CFjPnGL4p5c-00632-00159048-00159414 um rwth but i'm talking about all
CFjPnGL4p5c-00633-00159415-00159495 universities
CFjPnGL4p5c-00634-00159496-00159726 right now and the response has been
CFjPnGL4p5c-00635-00159727-00159935 sufficient in many ways
CFjPnGL4p5c-00636-00159936-00160190 and now we can focus on the details of
CFjPnGL4p5c-00637-00160191-00160414 how to actually translate
CFjPnGL4p5c-00638-00160415-00160702 um the qualities of non-digital learning
CFjPnGL4p5c-00639-00160703-00160902 into the digital working space
CFjPnGL4p5c-00640-00160903-00161183 and carefully balance digital and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00641-00161184-00161375 non-digital formats
CFjPnGL4p5c-00642-00161376-00161671 in the upcoming future which might be
CFjPnGL4p5c-00643-00161672-00161719 the
CFjPnGL4p5c-00644-00161720-00162054 new normal we are talking about during
CFjPnGL4p5c-00645-00162055-00162223 this
CFjPnGL4p5c-00646-00162224-00162583 festival thank you very much um
CFjPnGL4p5c-00647-00162584-00162911 for your attention for your time and
CFjPnGL4p5c-00648-00162912-00163335 um feel free to get in touch with us um
CFjPnGL4p5c-00649-00163336-00163751 right after this event um
CFjPnGL4p5c-00650-00163752-00164054 and we are looking forward
CFjPnGL4p5c-00651-00164055-00164319 to talk to you at any other location
CFjPnGL4p5c-00652-00164320-00164431 thank you
CFjPnGL4p5c-00653-00164432-00165296 thank you
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CISOZPtmEcA-00005-00002480-00003015 it came to lift
CISOZPtmEcA-00006-00003016-00003611 is
CISOZPtmEcA-00007-00003613-00004495 [Music]
CISOZPtmEcA-00008-00004496-00005353 it came to me
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CISOZPtmEcA-00010-00007768-00007913 so
CISOZPtmEcA-00011-00007914-00009799 [Music]
CISOZPtmEcA-00012-00009800-00010072 i feel
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CISOZPtmEcA-00016-00012039-00012474 me
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CISOZPtmEcA-00018-00013272-00013546 oh
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CISOZPtmEcA-00023-00017248-00018511 [Music]
CISOZPtmEcA-00024-00018512-00018988 oh
CISOZPtmEcA-00025-00018989-00019886 [Music]
CISOZPtmEcA-00026-00019887-00021476 uh
CISOZPtmEcA-00027-00021477-00022583 [Music]
CISOZPtmEcA-00028-00022584-00022792 you
CJbIueWmGiQ-00000-00000209-00000559 next we have members statements the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00001-00000560-00000776 member for Hamilton West and caster
CJbIueWmGiQ-00002-00000777-00001106 Dundas Thank You mr. speaker the writing
CJbIueWmGiQ-00003-00001107-00001300 that I represent Hamilton West and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00004-00001301-00001582 caster Dundas is a newly created writing
CJbIueWmGiQ-00005-00001583-00001873 and I am enormously proud to have been
CJbIueWmGiQ-00006-00001875-00002042 given the opportunity to be its very
CJbIueWmGiQ-00007-00002043-00002354 first representative in this house you
CJbIueWmGiQ-00008-00002355-00002615 know as it is widely known Hamilton has
CJbIueWmGiQ-00009-00002616-00002855 a proud history of strength in our steel
CJbIueWmGiQ-00010-00002856-00003137 industry and the good-paying jobs that
CJbIueWmGiQ-00011-00003138-00003290 have contributed to the well-being of
CJbIueWmGiQ-00012-00003290-00003503 our city but mr. speaker what is not
CJbIueWmGiQ-00013-00003504-00003756 well as well-known is that in fact
CJbIueWmGiQ-00014-00003757-00004025 education and health care is the largest
CJbIueWmGiQ-00015-00004026-00004345 employment sector in Hamilton and its
CJbIueWmGiQ-00016-00004346-00004541 largest employers are Hamilton health
CJbIueWmGiQ-00017-00004542-00004868 sciences McMaster University and Mohawk
CJbIueWmGiQ-00018-00004869-00005111 College all of which are located in my
CJbIueWmGiQ-00019-00005112-00005324 writing of Hamilton West Bank has to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00020-00005325-00005377 Dunn deaths
CJbIueWmGiQ-00021-00005378-00005638 you know we're known as hard workers who
CJbIueWmGiQ-00022-00005639-00005840 are engaged in our neighbor in our
CJbIueWmGiQ-00023-00005841-00006104 neighborhoods and we lend a helping hand
CJbIueWmGiQ-00024-00006105-00006409 to those that need assistance so mr.
CJbIueWmGiQ-00025-00006411-00006628 speaker it is with that same sense of
CJbIueWmGiQ-00026-00006629-00006820 community in mind that I would like to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00027-00006822-00007055 mark a significant event that took place
CJbIueWmGiQ-00028-00007056-00007355 at st. Joseph's villa in Dundas this
CJbIueWmGiQ-00029-00007356-00007699 morning a ceremonial groundbreaking for
CJbIueWmGiQ-00030-00007700-00007913 Margaret's place a new hospice marked
CJbIueWmGiQ-00031-00007914-00008069 the launch of their gift of love
CJbIueWmGiQ-00032-00008070-00008369 campaign in Ontario government's only
CJbIueWmGiQ-00033-00008370-00008564 cover approximately 60 percent of
CJbIueWmGiQ-00034-00008565-00008891 operating cost for hospice hospice care
CJbIueWmGiQ-00035-00008892-00009164 so with markets plays in Dundas it is a
CJbIueWmGiQ-00036-00009165-00009434 comfort to know that those suffering and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00037-00009435-00009662 their families will have access to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00038-00009663-00009980 high-quality hospice care and their time
CJbIueWmGiQ-00039-00009981-00010019 of need
CJbIueWmGiQ-00040-00010020-00010399 Thank You mr. speaker thank you very
CJbIueWmGiQ-00041-00010400-00010756 much member statements remember for
CJbIueWmGiQ-00042-00010757-00011185 Oakville sure tomorrow will mark the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00043-00011186-00011456 start of the 2018 Special Olympics held
CJbIueWmGiQ-00044-00011457-00011684 in ank ankat Ankush Nova Scotia the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00045-00011685-00011906 Special Olympics is a great event where
CJbIueWmGiQ-00046-00011907-00012101 hundreds of people aged eight or older
CJbIueWmGiQ-00047-00012102-00012292 from across the country will compete to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00048-00012293-00012527 qualify for the 2019 Special Olympic
CJbIueWmGiQ-00049-00012528-00012781 World Games in Abu Dhabi this year will
CJbIueWmGiQ-00050-00012782-00012941 mark the 50th anniversary of the Special
CJbIueWmGiQ-00051-00012941-00013088 Olympics which was started by the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00052-00013088-00013232 world-famous Canadian Medical
CJbIueWmGiQ-00053-00013233-00013496 dr. Frank Hayden who lives in our
CJbIueWmGiQ-00054-00013497-00013718 neighbor Riding of Burlington dr. Hayden
CJbIueWmGiQ-00055-00013719-00013925 was a pioneer inept electoral disability
CJbIueWmGiQ-00056-00013926-00014122 research especially as it pertained to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00057-00014124-00014269 children and he was the first to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00058-00014271-00014447 disprove the long-held belief that
CJbIueWmGiQ-00059-00014447-00014612 children who had intellectual disability
CJbIueWmGiQ-00060-00014613-00014843 are not capable of participating in play
CJbIueWmGiQ-00061-00014844-00015059 and recreation last week I had the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00062-00015060-00015238 privilege of meeting a constituent Aidan
CJbIueWmGiQ-00063-00015240-00015421 Lee who will be competing in the games
CJbIueWmGiQ-00064-00015422-00015668 Aidan is 15 years old and will be
CJbIueWmGiQ-00065-00015669-00015800 competing in the swimming events in the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00066-00015801-00016082 games he is a dedicated athlete who
CJbIueWmGiQ-00067-00016083-00016229 cares about the well-being of his
CJbIueWmGiQ-00068-00016230-00016469 teammates Aiden visited my constituency
CJbIueWmGiQ-00069-00016470-00016673 office on Friday to share his knowledge
CJbIueWmGiQ-00070-00016674-00016886 of the competition and ask for Ontario
CJbIueWmGiQ-00071-00016887-00017057 pins for all of his teammates from
CJbIueWmGiQ-00072-00017058-00017321 Oakville that they could proudly wear Mr
CJbIueWmGiQ-00073-00017322-00017561 Speaker I want to wish all the athletes
CJbIueWmGiQ-00074-00017562-00017774 from material especially Oakville all
CJbIueWmGiQ-00075-00017775-00017921 the best of luck when competing later
CJbIueWmGiQ-00076-00017922-00018056 this week I know they will represent
CJbIueWmGiQ-00077-00018057-00018194 their province and their communities
CJbIueWmGiQ-00078-00018195-00018434 with the utmost commitment to the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00079-00018435-00018566 competition and respect to their fellow
CJbIueWmGiQ-00080-00018567-00018734 athletes I look forward to meeting with
CJbIueWmGiQ-00081-00018735-00018917 Aiden and his teammates upon their
CJbIueWmGiQ-00082-00018918-00019091 return and to share in the celebration
CJbIueWmGiQ-00083-00019092-00019693 and recognising the reference thank you
CJbIueWmGiQ-00084-00019694-00020003 the member for Brandon center thank you
CJbIueWmGiQ-00085-00020004-00020189 very much mr. speaker I'd like to thank
CJbIueWmGiQ-00086-00020190-00020375 the people of Brampton centre for the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00087-00020376-00020615 opportunity to represent the community
CJbIueWmGiQ-00088-00020616-00020804 I've called home since the day I was
CJbIueWmGiQ-00089-00020805-00021053 born and I'd like to thank all members
CJbIueWmGiQ-00090-00021054-00021266 that were involved in my campaign and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00091-00021267-00021497 the opportunity to be here today
CJbIueWmGiQ-00092-00021498-00021713 growing up in Brampton I've watched us
CJbIueWmGiQ-00093-00021714-00021902 transform into the ninth largest city in
CJbIueWmGiQ-00094-00021903-00022136 Canada we are home to Jacuzzi park a
CJbIueWmGiQ-00095-00022137-00022294 hundred acre park that is in the heart
CJbIueWmGiQ-00096-00022295-00022475 of my writing where families in our
CJbIueWmGiQ-00097-00022476-00022703 community gather every week to celebrate
CJbIueWmGiQ-00098-00022704-00022937 and connect we are also home to this
CJbIueWmGiQ-00099-00022938-00023093 country's largest transportation and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00100-00023094-00023321 manufacturing hubs moving this provinces
CJbIueWmGiQ-00101-00023322-00023828 economy forward we are also home to some
CJbIueWmGiQ-00102-00023829-00024044 of the world's greatest entrepreneurs
CJbIueWmGiQ-00103-00024045-00024356 and artists like Alyssia Cara rupee cor
CJbIueWmGiQ-00104-00024357-00024622 and director X and while I was knocking
CJbIueWmGiQ-00105-00024623-00024815 on doors in my riding I met with
CJbIueWmGiQ-00106-00024816-00025078 thousands of people who all indicated to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00107-00025079-00025268 me that one thing was clear they want to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00108-00025269-00025460 change they wanted a government that was
CJbIueWmGiQ-00109-00025461-00025631 going to represent them and put their
CJbIueWmGiQ-00110-00025632-00025844 needs first and so I'm so proud to stand
CJbIueWmGiQ-00111-00025845-00026059 here and be that voice for my community
CJbIueWmGiQ-00112-00026060-00026296 and I look forward to representing those
CJbIueWmGiQ-00113-00026297-00026417 diverse voices
CJbIueWmGiQ-00114-00026418-00027101 in this legislature thank the member for
CJbIueWmGiQ-00115-00027102-00027425 Markham Unionville Thank You mr. speaker
CJbIueWmGiQ-00116-00027426-00027779 on July 23rd I had the opportunity to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00117-00027780-00028018 stand with mayor's Kapiti colleagues and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00118-00028019-00028268 staff for the unveiling event market
CJbIueWmGiQ-00119-00028269-00028546 marking the York University's Markham
CJbIueWmGiQ-00120-00028547-00028951 campus latest milestone the University
CJbIueWmGiQ-00121-00028952-00029237 Markham Center campus will be located in
CJbIueWmGiQ-00122-00029238-00029521 the west of my campaign M Center and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00123-00029522-00029855 will offer more than 20 degree programs
CJbIueWmGiQ-00124-00029856-00030145 including business education information
CJbIueWmGiQ-00125-00030147-00030425 technology and software here are just a
CJbIueWmGiQ-00126-00030426-00030635 few numbers of the impact for the new
CJbIueWmGiQ-00127-00030636-00031112 campus we made 4,200 students by 2024
CJbIueWmGiQ-00128-00031113-00031295 will have access to teaching learning
CJbIueWmGiQ-00129-00031295-00031469 and research
CJbIueWmGiQ-00130-00031470-00031815 400-plus on campus jobs will be created
CJbIueWmGiQ-00131-00031816-00032177 500 million dollars in economic benefit
CJbIueWmGiQ-00132-00032177-00032464 from the construction 37 million dollars
CJbIueWmGiQ-00133-00032466-00032689 of any impact where it will be fully
CJbIueWmGiQ-00134-00032691-00032999 operational the opening of the 2021
CJbIueWmGiQ-00135-00033000-00033281 campus will benefit many residents of
CJbIueWmGiQ-00136-00033282-00033548 Markham and York region allowing them to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00137-00033549-00033796 gain the skills and knowledge in order
CJbIueWmGiQ-00138-00033797-00034033 to be part of the 21st century economy
CJbIueWmGiQ-00139-00034034-00034325 of Ontario this expansion was made
CJbIueWmGiQ-00140-00034326-00034496 possible through investment made by the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00141-00034497-00034730 provincial government of Ontario and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00142-00034731-00034985 it's events like this will allow our
CJbIueWmGiQ-00143-00034986-00035249 government to invest into our children's
CJbIueWmGiQ-00144-00035250-00035440 future Thank You mr. president
CJbIueWmGiQ-00145-00035441-00036314 mr. speaker mr. speaker I would like to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00146-00036315-00036557 take a moment to recognize a remarkable
CJbIueWmGiQ-00147-00036558-00036877 member of our community mr. Fred bowring
CJbIueWmGiQ-00148-00036878-00037175 fred is a community advocate in st.
CJbIueWmGiQ-00149-00037176-00037364 Catharines who takes it upon himself to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00150-00037365-00037670 fight for the compassion action to be
CJbIueWmGiQ-00151-00037671-00038048 taken in the opioid crisis he rides his
CJbIueWmGiQ-00152-00038049-00038270 bikes to place this like Centennial Park
CJbIueWmGiQ-00153-00038271-00038525 and to the downtown public library to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00154-00038526-00038854 collect and dispose of discard needles
CJbIueWmGiQ-00155-00038855-00039127 sometimes filling multiple containers a
CJbIueWmGiQ-00156-00039128-00039605 day in 2017 Fred was struck with a
CJbIueWmGiQ-00157-00039606-00039719 needle at a local
CJbIueWmGiQ-00158-00039720-00040043 park but thankfully did not contract any
CJbIueWmGiQ-00159-00040044-00040418 illness in one year Niagara EMS observed
CJbIueWmGiQ-00160-00040419-00040606 three hundred and thirty five percent
CJbIueWmGiQ-00161-00040607-00041017 increase of suspected opioid overdoses
CJbIueWmGiQ-00162-00041018-00041357 these needles are at our libraries in
CJbIueWmGiQ-00163-00041358-00041621 our parks children's play areas and near
CJbIueWmGiQ-00164-00041622-00041942 our businesses we need to take action to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00165-00041943-00042233 be taken on the opioid epidemic in our
CJbIueWmGiQ-00166-00042234-00042533 city I am thankful we have people like
CJbIueWmGiQ-00167-00042534-00042818 Fred ensuring our community community is
CJbIueWmGiQ-00168-00042819-00043148 safe however more needs to be done to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00169-00043149-00043400 ensure people in our community are safe
CJbIueWmGiQ-00170-00043401-00043493 from harm
CJbIueWmGiQ-00171-00043494-00043799 I hope this government will listen to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00172-00043800-00044030 the people like Fred and implement a
CJbIueWmGiQ-00173-00044031-00045044 safe injection sites in Niagara fewer
CJbIueWmGiQ-00174-00045045-00045242 mr. speaker one of the reasons that I am
CJbIueWmGiQ-00175-00045243-00045443 in this legislature and I was motivated
CJbIueWmGiQ-00176-00045444-00045704 to run in 2003 was because we had a
CJbIueWmGiQ-00177-00045705-00045869 government in the Mike Harris government
CJbIueWmGiQ-00178-00045870-00046082 that did not respect local governance so
CJbIueWmGiQ-00179-00046083-00046274 it pains me mr. speaker to rise today to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00180-00046275-00046493 express my concern and the concern of
CJbIueWmGiQ-00181-00046494-00046700 many many constituents of Don Valley
CJbIueWmGiQ-00182-00046701-00046871 West and beyond who have already
CJbIueWmGiQ-00183-00046872-00047102 contacted my office regarding the Ford
CJbIueWmGiQ-00184-00047103-00047264 government's perplexing last-minute
CJbIueWmGiQ-00185-00047265-00047507 scheme to meddle in Toronto's municipal
CJbIueWmGiQ-00186-00047508-00047729 election as our liberal caucus has
CJbIueWmGiQ-00187-00047730-00047972 already stated publicly this bizarre
CJbIueWmGiQ-00188-00047973-00048164 action on the part of premier Ford
CJbIueWmGiQ-00189-00048165-00048452 creates chaos in Toronto and in Ontario
CJbIueWmGiQ-00190-00048453-00048728 this erratic proposal to unilaterally
CJbIueWmGiQ-00191-00048729-00048922 cut Toronto City Council in half
CJbIueWmGiQ-00192-00048923-00049172 jeopardizes Ontario strong economic
CJbIueWmGiQ-00193-00049173-00049424 growth by sending the message that and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00194-00049425-00049652 to send that message to the world that
CJbIueWmGiQ-00195-00049653-00049871 Ontario is a risky place to do business
CJbIueWmGiQ-00196-00049872-00050228 this is a highly undemocratic proposal
CJbIueWmGiQ-00197-00050229-00050426 it does not respect the process that the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00198-00050427-00050588 City of Toronto and the regions went
CJbIueWmGiQ-00199-00050589-00050774 through it does not respect the people
CJbIueWmGiQ-00200-00050775-00051029 who've raised funds who have paid out of
CJbIueWmGiQ-00201-00051030-00051233 pocket to campaign for election there
CJbIueWmGiQ-00202-00051234-00051452 was no hint of this erratic action
CJbIueWmGiQ-00203-00051453-00051629 during the election campaign and the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00204-00051629-00051800 Ford government has never asked the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00205-00051801-00052041 people of Toronto about this proposal no
CJbIueWmGiQ-00206-00052042-00052320 what the premiere may say travel and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00207-00052321-00052632 rallies are not the same as consultation
CJbIueWmGiQ-00208-00052633-00053023 mr. speaker unless to sentiment eros
CJbIueWmGiQ-00209-00053024-00053329 it's irresponsible to proceed that way
CJbIueWmGiQ-00210-00053329-00053824 to change the way it is now counselors
CJbIueWmGiQ-00211-00053825-00054073 for Toronto mr. speaker the way premier
CJbIueWmGiQ-00212-00054074-00054310 Ford is treating Toronto is wrong it is
CJbIueWmGiQ-00213-00054311-00054613 vindictive mean and undemocratic and it
CJbIueWmGiQ-00214-00054614-00055348 should stop next statement the member
CJbIueWmGiQ-00215-00055349-00056007 for Barry Springwater Thank You mr.
CJbIueWmGiQ-00216-00056008-00056232 Speaker I rise today to celebrate 18
CJbIueWmGiQ-00217-00056233-00056388 flag reasons across Simcoe County
CJbIueWmGiQ-00218-00056389-00056584 they're happening over the next four
CJbIueWmGiQ-00219-00056585-00056812 days these flag raisings are in support
CJbIueWmGiQ-00220-00056813-00057049 of the art a Cinco pride and there are
CJbIueWmGiQ-00221-00057050-00057274 proclamations from most municipalities
CJbIueWmGiQ-00222-00057275-00057544 within Simcoe County this is fear at a
CJbIueWmGiQ-00223-00057545-00057825 simple prides 7th annual pride across
CJbIueWmGiQ-00224-00057826-00058041 Simcoe County which features various
CJbIueWmGiQ-00225-00058042-00058261 family-friendly community or in events
CJbIueWmGiQ-00226-00058262-00058426 over the course of two weeks the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00227-00058427-00058779 celebration of the LGBTQ 2 Q 2 plus Q
CJbIueWmGiQ-00228-00058780-00059019 unity brings pride to communities big
CJbIueWmGiQ-00229-00059020-00059164 and small and has support from all 80
CJbIueWmGiQ-00230-00059165-00059350 municipalities in the county as well as
CJbIueWmGiQ-00231-00059351-00059557 Canadian Forces Base Board and Rama
CJbIueWmGiQ-00232-00059558-00059728 First Nation of Beausoleil First Nation
CJbIueWmGiQ-00233-00059729-00059930 this year features the first-ever
CJbIueWmGiQ-00234-00059932-00060184 two-spirit powwow organized by the youth
CJbIueWmGiQ-00235-00060185-00060466 of Bosley First Nation as well as the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00236-00060466-00060688 third annual trans pride march in
CJbIueWmGiQ-00237-00060689-00060930 Orillia and the fourth annual simple
CJbIueWmGiQ-00238-00060932-00061239 county pride awards the awards honor
CJbIueWmGiQ-00239-00061240-00061639 LGBTQ to at plus individuals allies the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00240-00061640-00061861 supportive organizations they're doing
CJbIueWmGiQ-00241-00061862-00062091 work to make safer and more inclusive in
CJbIueWmGiQ-00242-00062092-00062284 Simcoe County this work makes our
CJbIueWmGiQ-00243-00062285-00062425 communities better places to live work
CJbIueWmGiQ-00244-00062426-00062704 and grow details of the awards can be
CJbIueWmGiQ-00245-00062704-00063148 found at wwlp.com Minister Wilson
CJbIueWmGiQ-00246-00063149-00063439 Minister Mulrooney Andrea kangan Jill
CJbIueWmGiQ-00247-00063440-00063637 Dunlop and myself would like to wish
CJbIueWmGiQ-00248-00063638-00063850 them a fantastic two week of events we
CJbIueWmGiQ-00249-00063851-00063963 also would like to congratulate the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00250-00063964-00064116 award winners that will be feted on
CJbIueWmGiQ-00251-00064117-00064581 August the 11th Thank You mr. speaker
CJbIueWmGiQ-00252-00064582-00064772 understatement the member for Thomas
CJbIueWmGiQ-00253-00064773-00065087 coming Cochrane Thank You speaker as we
CJbIueWmGiQ-00254-00065088-00065269 are all aware a northern tier is being
CJbIueWmGiQ-00255-00065270-00065462 ravaged or has been ravaged by forest
CJbIueWmGiQ-00256-00065463-00065723 fires in the last few weeks and on
CJbIueWmGiQ-00257-00065724-00065948 behalf of mother residents atomism and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00258-00065949-00066194 Cochrane I believe all Ontarians I would
CJbIueWmGiQ-00259-00066195-00066392 like to express our sincere condolences
CJbIueWmGiQ-00260-00066393-00066719 to the family of Jared Godwin who lost
CJbIueWmGiQ-00261-00066720-00067051 his life fighting fire in northwestern
CJbIueWmGiQ-00262-00067052-00067523 Ontario firefighters and people who
CJbIueWmGiQ-00263-00067524-00067742 respond to emergencies are a special
CJbIueWmGiQ-00264-00067743-00068200 breed they go to danger when and they
CJbIueWmGiQ-00265-00068201-00068504 help the rest of us flee from it and to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00266-00068505-00068788 his family and to all the others who are
CJbIueWmGiQ-00267-00068789-00069161 fighting these fires to keep our family
CJbIueWmGiQ-00268-00069162-00069434 safe our sincerest thanks and our
CJbIueWmGiQ-00269-00069435-00069700 sincerest condolences and for a brief
CJbIueWmGiQ-00270-00069701-00070091 update in the Lady Evelyn fire has been
CJbIueWmGiQ-00271-00070092-00070430 held at I believe around 30,000 Hector's
CJbIueWmGiQ-00272-00070431-00070781 and the Perry sound fire I believe is
CJbIueWmGiQ-00273-00070782-00071038 the hot spot right now and I'd like to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00274-00071039-00071378 also this is a very divisive place but
CJbIueWmGiQ-00275-00071379-00071603 we give credit where credit is due and I
CJbIueWmGiQ-00276-00071604-00071855 would like to thank the M&R and the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00277-00071856-00072094 minister responsible for the work that
CJbIueWmGiQ-00278-00072095-00072238 they've done there's been no effort
CJbIueWmGiQ-00279-00072239-00072410 spared along with emergency measures
CJbIueWmGiQ-00280-00072411-00072868 Ontario and firefighters and other
CJbIueWmGiQ-00281-00072869-00073081 workers from other provinces and from
CJbIueWmGiQ-00282-00073082-00073381 them from America and from Mexico it's
CJbIueWmGiQ-00283-00073382-00073592 been a united effort and I'd like to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00284-00073593-00073811 thank everyone and please stay safe
CJbIueWmGiQ-00285-00073812-00074371 everyone thank you
CJbIueWmGiQ-00286-00074372-00074540 thank you very much
CJbIueWmGiQ-00287-00074541-00074738 member statements the member for Barry
CJbIueWmGiQ-00288-00074739-00075047 in estill mr. speaker I'm very excited
CJbIueWmGiQ-00289-00075048-00075293 to stand in the house to wish athletes
CJbIueWmGiQ-00290-00075294-00075551 for my writing of Barry Innisfail good
CJbIueWmGiQ-00291-00075552-00075806 luck as they leave to compete in the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00292-00075807-00076085 2008 Special Olympics canna National
CJbIueWmGiQ-00293-00076086-00076391 Summer Games and Integra nosh nova
CJbIueWmGiQ-00294-00076392-00076763 scotia there are 260 athletes traveling
CJbIueWmGiQ-00295-00076764-00077045 from all from ontario to compete in the
CJbIueWmGiQ-00296-00077046-00077267 games making it the largest team
CJbIueWmGiQ-00297-00077268-00077531 attending mr. speaker i would like to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00298-00077532-00077827 personally congratulate joey IRA
CJbIueWmGiQ-00299-00077828-00078149 Christie Alfred and Nicholas Cunningham
CJbIueWmGiQ-00300-00078150-00078464 who are competing in the athletics and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00301-00078465-00078770 Aimee McTavish who is competing and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00302-00078771-00079103 swimming as well as Mary Ann Lotus who
CJbIueWmGiQ-00303-00079104-00079391 is competing in watching these athletes
CJbIueWmGiQ-00304-00079392-00079634 earned their place on the team through
CJbIueWmGiQ-00305-00079635-00079853 hard work dedication and their
CJbIueWmGiQ-00306-00079854-00080168 performance at the 2008 provincial
CJbIueWmGiQ-00307-00080169-00080446 spring games which took place in Guelph
CJbIueWmGiQ-00308-00080447-00080747 Mr Speaker I want to inform the house
CJbIueWmGiQ-00309-00080748-00081014 that Kristy Alfred holds the office'
CJbIueWmGiQ-00310-00081015-00081338 record for the hundred meter as well as
CJbIueWmGiQ-00311-00081339-00081797 two gold medals from 2017 Mr Speaker I
CJbIueWmGiQ-00312-00081798-00082069 urge everyone in this house to go to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00313-00082070-00082451 Special Olympics comm to be able to
CJbIueWmGiQ-00314-00082452-00082829 follow their athletes across Ontario
CJbIueWmGiQ-00315-00082830-00083741 good luck team Ontario thank you
CJbIueWmGiQ-00316-00083742-00084123 wertha mr. speaker my to memorizing on
CJbIueWmGiQ-00317-00084124-00084469 Special Olympics Canada for the next
CJbIueWmGiQ-00318-00084470-00084647 seven days number of athletes will be
CJbIueWmGiQ-00319-00084648-00084896 competing in technische Nova Scotia and
CJbIueWmGiQ-00320-00084897-00085093 Ontario once again has a very strong
CJbIueWmGiQ-00321-00085094-00085372 contingency of exceptional athletes
CJbIueWmGiQ-00322-00085373-00085585 I'd like to publicly acknowledge a
CJbIueWmGiQ-00323-00085586-00085741 number of those athletes who will be
CJbIueWmGiQ-00324-00085742-00085924 competing form Ontario or for Ontario
CJbIueWmGiQ-00325-00085925-00086269 from my riding in the a division of
CJbIueWmGiQ-00326-00086270-00086344 soccer
CJbIueWmGiQ-00327-00086345-00086700 Brandan Van Sickle and Dylan Armstrong
CJbIueWmGiQ-00328-00086701-00086875 in soccer
CJbIueWmGiQ-00329-00086876-00087266 Nicole Hewitt Brian Davis and Candace
CJbIueWmGiQ-00330-00087267-00087866 bushy and lastly I'd like to acknowledge
CJbIueWmGiQ-00331-00087867-00088054 one particular athlete whose
CJbIueWmGiQ-00332-00088055-00088261 distinguished herself in a number of
CJbIueWmGiQ-00333-00088262-00088535 disciplines this is her second Canada
CJbIueWmGiQ-00334-00088536-00088726 Games that she'll be attending her name
CJbIueWmGiQ-00335-00088727-00088942 is Lisa Butler and she is competing in
CJbIueWmGiQ-00336-00088943-00089476 five events the 400 meter the 800 meter
CJbIueWmGiQ-00337-00089477-00089869 the long jump the javelin and the shot
CJbIueWmGiQ-00338-00089870-00090187 foot as I like to say it is her own path
CJbIueWmGiQ-00339-00090188-00090550 decathlon I'd like to wish all those
CJbIueWmGiQ-00340-00090551-00090760 athletes the best of luck in Nova Scotia
CJbIueWmGiQ-00341-00090761-00090985 I'm sure they will represent this very
CJbIueWmGiQ-00342-00090986-00091282 very well and most importantly I wish
CJbIueWmGiQ-00343-00091283-00091887 them a safe journey back home thank you
CJbIueWmGiQ-00344-00091888-00092309 thank you very much reports by
CJbIueWmGiQ-00345-00092310-00092554 committees
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00000-00000479-00000638 more than a decade ago the team at
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00001-00000639-00000782 wikibon coined the term
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00002-00000783-00001023 server san we saw the opportunity to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00003-00001024-00001183 dramatically change the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00004-00001184-00001358 storage infrastructure layer and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00005-00001359-00001566 predicted a major change in technologies
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00006-00001567-00001687 that would hit the market
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00007-00001688-00001839 server stand had three fundamental
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00008-00001839-00002014 attributes first of all it was software
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00009-00002016-00002239 led so all the traditionally expensive
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00010-00002240-00002407 controller functions like snapshots and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00011-00002408-00002495 clones and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00012-00002496-00002758 dedupe and replication compression
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00013-00002759-00002942 encryption etc they were done
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00014-00002943-00003166 in software directly challenging a two
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00015-00003167-00003286 to three decade
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00016-00003288-00003567 long storage controller paradigm the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00017-00003568-00003670 second
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00018-00003671-00003854 principle was it leveraged in shared
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00019-00003855-00004038 storage inside
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00020-00004039-00004335 of servers and the third it enabled in
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00021-00004336-00004399 any to any
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00022-00004400-00004615 topology between servers and storage now
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00023-00004616-00004879 at the time we defined this coming trend
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00024-00004880-00005111 in a relatively narrow sense inside of a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00025-00005112-00005295 data center location for example
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00026-00005296-00005502 but in the past decade two additional
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00027-00005503-00005686 major trends have emerged
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00028-00005687-00005886 first the software defined data center
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00029-00005887-00006031 became the dominant model
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00030-00006032-00006215 thanks to vmware and others and while
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00031-00006216-00006367 this eliminated a lot of overhead it
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00032-00006368-00006550 also exposed another problem
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00033-00006551-00006839 specifically data centers today allocate
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00034-00006840-00007063 probably we estimate around 35 percent
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00035-00007064-00007198 of cpu cores and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00036-00007200-00007446 cycles to managing things like storage
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00037-00007447-00007542 and network
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00038-00007543-00007806 and security offloading those functions
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00039-00007808-00007991 this is wasted cores
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00040-00007992-00008159 and doing this with traditional general
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00041-00008159-00008335 purpose x86 processors
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00042-00008336-00008646 is expensive and it's not efficient this
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00043-00008647-00008799 is why we've been reporting so
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00044-00008800-00008895 aggressively on
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00045-00008896-00009119 arm's ascendancy into the enterprise
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00046-00009120-00009271 it's not only coming it's here and we're
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00047-00009272-00009439 going to talk about that today
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00048-00009440-00009678 the second mega trend is cloud computing
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00049-00009679-00009878 hyper scale infrastructure has allowed
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00050-00009879-00010087 technology companies to put a management
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00051-00010088-00010287 and control plane into the cloud and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00052-00010288-00010495 expand beyond our narrow service and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00053-00010496-00010663 scope within a single data center
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00054-00010664-00010783 and support the management of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00055-00010784-00011031 distributed data at massive scale
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00056-00011032-00011287 and today we're on the cusp of a new era
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00057-00011288-00011374 of innovation
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00058-00011375-00011567 of of infrastructure and one of the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00059-00011568-00011703 startups in this space is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00060-00011704-00011903 nebulon hello everybody this is dave
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00061-00011904-00012055 vellante and welcome to this cube
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00062-00012056-00012167 conversation
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00063-00012168-00012391 where we welcome in two great guests
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00064-00012392-00012527 craig nunes
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00065-00012528-00012783 cube alum co-founder and ceo at nebulon
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00066-00012784-00012935 and tobias fish
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00067-00012936-00013151 fish who's director of product
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00068-00013152-00013327 management at nebulon guys
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00069-00013328-00013647 welcome great to see you so
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00070-00013647-00013983 good to be here dave it's uh
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00071-00013984-00014255 it feels awesome soon face to face craig
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00072-00014256-00014407 i'm heading your way this time
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00073-00014408-00014679 for the fall all right craig you heard
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00074-00014680-00014799 my narrative up front
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00075-00014800-00014966 uh and i'm wondering are those the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00076-00014968-00015127 trends that you guys saw
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00077-00015128-00015303 when you when you started the company
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00078-00015304-00015438 what are the major shifts in the world
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00079-00015440-00015599 today that caused you and your
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00080-00015600-00015871 co-founders to launch nebulon yeah i'll
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00081-00015872-00015958 give you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00082-00015959-00016150 sort of the way we we think about the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00083-00016151-00016366 world which i think alliance
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00084-00016368-00016567 super right with what you're talking
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00085-00016568-00016686 about
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00086-00016687-00016919 you know over the last several years
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00087-00016920-00017111 organizations have had
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00088-00017112-00017399 a great deal of experience with public
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00089-00017400-00017639 cloud data centers and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00090-00017640-00017927 i think like any uh platform or
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00091-00017928-00018014 technology
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00092-00018015-00018222 that is you know gets its use in a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00093-00018223-00018519 variety of ways you know a bit of savvy
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00094-00018520-00018743 is being developed by organizations on
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00095-00018744-00018999 you know what what do i put where how do
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00096-00019000-00019103 i manage things
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00097-00019104-00019407 um in the most efficient way possible
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00098-00019408-00019886 and the there are in terms of the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00099-00019887-00020335 the uh types of folks we're focused on
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00100-00020336-00020655 in nebulon's business um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00101-00020656-00020999 we see now kind of three groups of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00102-00021000-00021335 uh people emerging and and we uh sort of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00103-00021336-00021399 simply
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00104-00021400-00021791 uh coined three terms the the returners
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00105-00021792-00022071 the removers and the remainers and i'll
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00106-00022072-00022135 explain
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00107-00022136-00022255 what i mean by each of those the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00108-00022256-00022455 returners um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00109-00022456-00022783 are folks who maybe early on you know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00110-00022784-00022855 hit the gas
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00111-00022856-00023119 on cloud moved you know everything in a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00112-00023120-00023247 lot in
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00113-00023248-00023583 and realized that while it's you know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00114-00023584-00023711 awesome for some things
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00115-00023712-00023878 for other things it was less optimal
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00116-00023879-00024167 maybe cost became a factor
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00117-00024168-00024422 or visibility into what was going on
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00118-00024423-00024607 with their data was factor
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00119-00024608-00024919 security service levels whatever and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00120-00024920-00025055 they've decided to move
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00121-00025056-00025350 some of those workloads back returners
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00122-00025351-00025430 the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00123-00025431-00025734 there are what i call the removers that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00124-00025735-00025911 are taking workloads
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00125-00025912-00026287 from you know born in the cloud on-prem
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00126-00026288-00026495 uh you know this was talked a lot about
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00127-00026495-00026670 in in martinez blog
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00128-00026672-00026855 that uh you know talked about a lot of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00129-00026856-00026974 the growth companies
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00130-00026975-00027262 that built up such a large footprint in
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00131-00027263-00027470 the public cloud that economics were
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00132-00027472-00027623 kind of working against them
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00133-00027624-00027974 you know you can depending on the knobs
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00134-00027975-00028095 you turn
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00135-00028095-00028470 you know it you're probably spending
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00136-00028472-00028783 you know uh two and a half x 2x what you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00137-00028783-00028902 might spend
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00138-00028904-00029118 if you owned your own factory and and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00139-00029119-00029223 you can argue about
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00140-00029224-00029495 you know where your leverage is in
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00141-00029495-00029607 negotiating your
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00142-00029608-00029799 your pricing with with the cloud vendors
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00143-00029800-00029967 but there's a big gap
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00144-00029968-00030246 the the last one is and i think probably
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00145-00030247-00030446 the most significant
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00146-00030447-00030655 uh in terms of who who we've engaged
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00147-00030656-00030887 with is the remainers and the remainers
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00148-00030888-00030935 are
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00149-00030936-00031167 you know hybrid i t organizations
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00150-00031168-00031279 they've got assets
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00151-00031280-00031623 in the cloud and on-prem um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00152-00031624-00031935 they aspire to an operational model that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00153-00031936-00032167 is consistent across everything
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00154-00032168-00032383 and you know leveraging all the best
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00155-00032383-00032535 stuff that they uh
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00156-00032536-00032902 observe in their cloud-based um assets
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00157-00032903-00033127 and and it's kind of our view that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00158-00033128-00033262 frankly we take from
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00159-00033263-00033527 from this constituency that that you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00160-00033528-00033799 know when people talk about cloud
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00161-00033800-00034111 or cloud first they're moving to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00162-00034112-00034271 something that is really more an
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00163-00034272-00034462 operating model
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00164-00034463-00034702 versus a destination or data center
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00165-00034703-00034807 choice
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00166-00034808-00035015 and so you know we get people on the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00167-00035016-00035135 phone every day
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00168-00035136-00035390 talking about cloud first and with when
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00169-00035391-00035646 you kind of dig into what they're after
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00170-00035647-00035983 it's operating model characteristics not
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00171-00035984-00036215 which which data center do i put it in
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00172-00036216-00036390 and those those decisions are
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00173-00036391-00036615 are separating and so that you know it's
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00174-00036616-00036718 really that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00175-00036719-00037007 focus for us is where you know we
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00176-00037008-00037151 believe we're doing something
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00177-00037152-00037462 unique for that group of customers yeah
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00178-00037463-00037646 cloud first doesn't doesn't mean cloud
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00179-00037647-00037751 only
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00180-00037752-00037943 and and of course followers of this
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00181-00037944-00038151 program know we talk a lot about this
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00182-00038152-00038343 this this the definition of cloud is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00183-00038344-00038574 changing it's evolving it's moving to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00184-00038575-00038735 the edge it's moving to data centers
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00185-00038736-00038895 data centers are moving to the cloud
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00186-00038896-00039135 cross cloud it's that big layer that's
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00187-00039136-00039239 expanding
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00188-00039240-00039407 and so i think the definition of cloud
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00189-00039408-00039702 even particularly in customers minds
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00190-00039703-00039918 is is evolving there's no question about
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00191-00039919-00040007 it people
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00192-00040008-00040190 they'll they'll they'll look at what
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00193-00040191-00040399 vmware's doing in aws
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00194-00040400-00040527 and say okay that's cloud but they'll
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00195-00040528-00040679 also look at things like vmware cloud
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00196-00040680-00040743 foundation it's
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00197-00040744-00041007 oh yeah that's cloud two so it's to me
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00198-00041008-00041055 the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00199-00041056-00041318 the the beauty of cloud is in in the eye
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00200-00041319-00041558 of the customer beholder so i buy that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00201-00041559-00041599 yeah
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00202-00041600-00041758 um tobias i wonder if you could talk
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00203-00041759-00041951 about how this all translates into
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00204-00041952-00042007 product
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00205-00042008-00042158 because you guys are startup you got to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00206-00042159-00042367 sell stuff you got you use this term
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00207-00042368-00042511 smart infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00208-00042512-00042727 you know what is that how does this all
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00209-00042728-00042990 turn into stuff you can sell
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00210-00042991-00043311 right yeah so so let me let me back up a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00211-00043312-00043399 little bit and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00212-00043400-00043590 and talk a little bit about you know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00213-00043591-00043751 what we in nebulan do
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00214-00043752-00044046 so we're in nebula we are a cloud-based
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00215-00044047-00044223 software company
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00216-00044224-00044462 and we're we're delivering sort of a new
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00217-00044463-00044567 category of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00218-00044568-00044823 of smart infrastructure and you if you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00219-00044824-00044967 think about things that you would know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00220-00044968-00045007 from
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00221-00045008-00045343 your your everyday you know for every
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00222-00045344-00045423 everyday
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00223-00045424-00045662 uh surroundings smart infrastructure is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00224-00045663-00045790 really all around us
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00225-00045791-00046127 think um smart home technology like
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00226-00046128-00046511 google nest um as an example and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00227-00046512-00046679 what this all has in common is that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00228-00046680-00046983 there's um a cloud control plane
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00229-00046984-00047302 um that is managing some iot endpoints
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00230-00047303-00047623 and smart devices in you know in various
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00231-00047624-00047958 locations and um by doing that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00232-00047959-00048367 customers gain um gain benefits like
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00233-00048368-00048574 um easy remote management right you can
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00234-00048575-00048767 manage your your thermostat your
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00235-00048768-00048918 temperature from from anywhere in the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00236-00048919-00049062 world basically
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00237-00049063-00049311 you don't have to worry about automated
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00238-00049312-00049479 software updates anymore
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00239-00049480-00049686 um and you can you know easily automate
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00240-00049687-00049911 your your your home your infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00241-00049912-00049951 right
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00242-00049952-00050302 um through this cloud control plane and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00243-00050303-00050646 um translating this idea to to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00244-00050647-00050839 i.t infrastructure to the data center
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00245-00050840-00051007 right and this idea is not
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00246-00051008-00051302 necessarily new right if you look into
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00247-00051303-00051487 the the networking space with
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00248-00051488-00051846 meraki networks now cisco
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00249-00051847-00052182 or uh miss systems now juniper
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00250-00052183-00052471 um they've really pioneered efforts in
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00251-00052472-00052607 in cloud management
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00252-00052608-00052942 so smart uh network infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00253-00052944-00053103 and and the key problem that they solve
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00254-00053104-00053342 there is you know managing these
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00255-00053344-00053575 vast amount of access points and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00256-00053576-00053750 switches that are scattered across the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00257-00053751-00053911 data centers
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00258-00053912-00054119 across campuses and you know the data
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00259-00054120-00054223 center
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00260-00054224-00054526 um now um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00261-00054527-00054694 if you if you translate that to what
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00262-00054695-00054854 nebulon does is really
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00263-00054855-00055135 applying um the smart infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00264-00055136-00055350 idea this methodology to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00265-00055351-00055542 application infrastructure specifically
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00266-00055544-00055671 to to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00267-00055672-00055966 compute and and and storage
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00268-00055967-00056119 infrastructure and that's
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00269-00056120-00056375 essentially uh that's essentially what
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00270-00056376-00056550 we're what we're doing
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00271-00056551-00056863 um so with smart infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00272-00056864-00057159 um basically our offering at nebula on
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00273-00057160-00057263 the product
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00274-00057264-00057535 uh that comes with the benefits of this
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00275-00057536-00057679 cloud experience
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00276-00057679-00057942 a public cloud operating model as we've
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00277-00057944-00058015 talked about
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00278-00058016-00058254 you know some of our customers look at
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00279-00058255-00058447 the cloud as an operating model
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00280-00058448-00058703 model rather than a destination a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00281-00058704-00058863 physical location
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00282-00058864-00059111 and with that we bring this this model
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00283-00059112-00059311 this this experiences operating
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00284-00059312-00059566 model to on-premises application
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00285-00059567-00059719 infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00286-00059720-00060023 um and and really what you get with this
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00287-00060024-00060079 pro
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00288-00060079-00060238 with this with this offering from
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00289-00060239-00060406 nebulon and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00290-00060407-00060591 the benefits are really circling it out
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00291-00060591-00060766 you know for for areas
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00292-00060767-00061054 first of all um rapid time to value
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00293-00061055-00061142 right so
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00294-00061144-00061415 application owners think people that are
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00295-00061416-00061535 not specialists
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00296-00061536-00061823 or or or you know experts when it comes
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00297-00061824-00061942 to ite
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00298-00061944-00062206 infrastructure um but more generalist
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00299-00062207-00062350 they can provision on-premise
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00300-00062351-00062494 application infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00301-00062495-00062654 in in just less than 10 minutes right
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00302-00062655-00062854 they can go from from just
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00303-00062855-00063038 bare metal physical racks to the full
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00304-00063039-00063215 application stack
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00305-00063216-00063350 in less than 10 minutes so they're up
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00306-00063351-00063550 and running a lot quicker and they can
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00307-00063551-00063703 immediately deliver services
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00308-00063704-00063950 on to their end customers cloud lag
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00309-00063951-00064071 operations
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00310-00064072-00064447 this this notion of zero touch
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00311-00064448-00064663 remote management which now the last
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00312-00064664-00064782 couple of of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00313-00064783-00065030 months uh with this uh strange time that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00314-00065032-00065150 we're in with comet is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00315-00065151-00065399 you know turnout is is becoming more and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00316-00065400-00065487 more relevant
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00317-00065488-00065847 really um as in remotely administrating
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00318-00065848-00065967 and management
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00319-00065968-00066199 of infrastructure that scales from just
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00320-00066200-00066471 hundreds of nodes to thousands of nodes
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00321-00066472-00066726 it doesn't really matter with behind the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00322-00066727-00066935 scene software updates
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00323-00066936-00067423 with global ai analytics and insights
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00324-00067424-00067719 and basically overall you know combined
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00325-00067720-00067903 reduce the operational overhead when it
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00326-00067904-00068055 comes to unfamiliar it promises
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00327-00068056-00068167 infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00328-00068168-00068591 by up to 75 right um the other thing
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00329-00068592-00068847 um is support for any application
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00330-00068848-00069023 whether it's containerized
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00331-00069024-00069231 virtualized or or even bare metal
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00332-00069232-00069350 applications and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00333-00069351-00069711 and the idea here is really consistent
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00334-00069712-00070038 um leveraging server-based
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00335-00070039-00070294 storage um that doesn't require any
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00336-00070295-00070511 nebulon specific software on the server
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00337-00070512-00070655 so you get the full power of your
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00338-00070656-00070791 application servers
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00339-00070792-00071126 for your applications um you know as the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00340-00071127-00071271 server is intended
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00341-00071272-00071455 and then and then the first the fourth
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00342-00071456-00071615 benefit um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00343-00071616-00071815 when it comes to smart infrastructure is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00344-00071816-00071926 is of course
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00345-00071927-00072206 doing this all at a lower cost and with
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00346-00072207-00072382 better data center density
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00347-00072383-00072582 um and that is really comparing it to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00348-00072583-00072743 three tier architectures where you have
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00349-00072744-00072879 your server
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00350-00072880-00073079 you have your your sand fabric and then
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00351-00073080-00073231 you have a you know external storage
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00352-00073232-00073319 directory
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00353-00073320-00073471 but also when you compare it with
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00354-00073472-00073662 hyper-converged infrastructure software
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00355-00073663-00073847 right that is consuming
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00356-00073848-00074111 um resources of the application servers
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00357-00074112-00074350 things cpu think memory
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00358-00074351-00074679 uh and networking so so basically
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00359-00074680-00074935 um you get a lot more density um with
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00360-00074936-00075023 that approach
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00361-00075024-00075319 um compared to those uh those
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00362-00075320-00075406 architectures
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00363-00075407-00075582 okay okay i want to dig into some of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00364-00075583-00075726 that differentiation too but what
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00365-00075727-00075935 what do i what exactly do i buy from you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00366-00075936-00076143 do i buy a software subscription
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00367-00076144-00076271 is that right can you explain that a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00368-00076272-00076471 little bit
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00369-00076472-00076831 right so um basically um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00370-00076832-00077143 the way we do this is is really uh
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00371-00077144-00077199 leveraging
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00372-00077200-00077575 two uh key new innovations right so
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00373-00077576-00077831 and you see why i made the the bridge to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00374-00077832-00078006 smart home technology because
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00375-00078007-00078271 the approach is civil right the one is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00376-00078272-00078359 um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00377-00078360-00078503 you know the introduction of a cloud
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00378-00078504-00078703 control plane um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00379-00078704-00078950 that basically manages on-premises
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00380-00078951-00079094 application infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00381-00079095-00079223 and of course that is delivered to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00382-00079224-00079511 customers as a service the second one
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00383-00079512-00079782 is um you know a new infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00384-00079783-00079862 model that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00385-00079863-00080182 that uses iot
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00386-00080183-00080399 endpoint technology and that is embedded
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00387-00080400-00080487 into
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00388-00080488-00080823 standard application servers
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00389-00080824-00081055 um and the storage within this
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00390-00081056-00081182 application
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00391-00081183-00081487 service let me add a couple of words to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00392-00081488-00081543 that so
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00393-00081544-00081879 you know to explain a little bit more
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00394-00081880-00082143 so really at the heart of smart
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00395-00082144-00082318 infrastructure and in order to deliver
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00396-00082319-00082559 this this public cloud experience for
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00397-00082560-00082871 any on-prem application
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00398-00082872-00083079 is this cloud-based control plane right
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00399-00083080-00083191 so we've built this
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00400-00083192-00083391 um how we recommend our customers to use
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00401-00083392-00083582 uh public cloud and that is built
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00402-00083583-00083735 you know building your your your
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00403-00083736-00083967 software on modern technologies that are
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00404-00083968-00084191 vendor agnostic um so it could
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00405-00084192-00084279 essentially run
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00406-00084280-00084591 anywhere whether it is you know any
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00407-00084592-00084782 public cloud vendor or if we wanted to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00408-00084783-00085031 run in our own data centers when
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00409-00085032-00085359 regulatory requirements change it's
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00410-00085360-00085559 massively scalable and responsive no
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00411-00085560-00085662 matter how large
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00412-00085663-00085903 the managed infrastructure is um but
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00413-00085904-00086047 really the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00414-00086048-00086287 the interesting part here dave is that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00415-00086288-00086462 the customer doesn't really
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00416-00086463-00086662 um have to worry about any of that it's
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00417-00086663-00086806 delivered as a service
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00418-00086807-00086950 so what the customer gets from this
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00419-00086951-00087126 cloud control plan is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00420-00087127-00087367 a single api endpoint how they get it
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00421-00087368-00087543 with a public cloud right
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00422-00087544-00087823 and they get a web user interface which
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00423-00087824-00087943 from which they can manage
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00424-00087944-00088135 all of their infrastructure no matter
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00425-00088136-00088350 how many devices no matter where it is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00426-00088351-00088518 can be in a data center can be in an
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00427-00088519-00088750 edge location and in the world
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00428-00088751-00088959 they get template-based provisioning
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00429-00088960-00089199 much like a marketplace in a public
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00430-00089200-00089303 cloud
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00431-00089304-00089550 they get analytics predictive support
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00432-00089551-00089662 services and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00433-00089663-00089959 super easy automation capabilities now
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00434-00089960-00090111 the second thing that i mentioned
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00435-00090112-00090535 is this server embedded software
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00436-00090536-00090671 the server embedded infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00437-00090672-00091150 software and that is running on a pcie
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00438-00091151-00091543 based offload engine and that is really
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00439-00091544-00091791 acting as this managed iot endpoint
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00440-00091792-00091950 within the application server that i
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00441-00091951-00092006 managed
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00442-00092007-00092279 that i mentioned earlier and that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00443-00092280-00092438 approach really
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00444-00092439-00092743 further converges on modern application
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00445-00092744-00092879 infrastructure and and it really
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00446-00092880-00093023 replaces the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00447-00093024-00093271 software defined storage uh approach
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00448-00093272-00093359 that you'll find
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00449-00093360-00093550 in hybrid converged infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00450-00093551-00093694 software
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00451-00093695-00094031 and and that is really by embedding the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00452-00094032-00094350 the data services the the storage data
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00453-00094351-00094615 service into silicon within the server
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00454-00094616-00094943 now this offload engine we call that a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00455-00094944-00095262 services processing unit or spu in short
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00456-00095263-00095406 and and that is really what
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00457-00095407-00095567 differentiates us from
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00458-00095568-00095974 um uh from from uh uh hyper-converged
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00459-00095975-00096094 infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00460-00096095-00096350 um and it's it's quite different than a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00461-00096351-00096518 regular accelerator car that you get
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00462-00096519-00096679 with some of the hyper converged
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00463-00096680-00096871 infrastructure offerings and it's
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00464-00096872-00097006 different in the sense that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00465-00097007-00097343 the sp runs basically all of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00466-00097344-00097567 the shared and local data services and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00467-00097568-00097759 it's not just accelerating individual
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00468-00097760-00097862 algorithms
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00469-00097863-00098182 individual functions and it basically
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00470-00098183-00098294 provides all of these
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00471-00098295-00098623 these services um uh uh
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00472-00098624-00099023 aside the cpu uh with um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00473-00099024-00099350 the boot drive with data drives and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00474-00099351-00099567 in in essence provides you with this a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00475-00099568-00099735 separate file domain from the server so
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00476-00099736-00099903 for example if you reboot your server
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00477-00099904-00100023 the data plane
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00478-00100024-00100279 remains intact um you know it's not
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00479-00100280-00100438 impacted for that okay
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00480-00100439-00100638 okay so i want to stand that for just a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00481-00100639-00100750 second craig if i could
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00482-00100751-00101006 i get very clear how you're different
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00483-00101007-00101071 from the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00484-00101072-00101271 as tobias said the three-tier server
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00485-00101272-00101543 sand fabric external array
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00486-00101544-00101862 the hci thing's interesting uh because i
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00487-00101863-00102079 in some respects the hcis you know guys
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00488-00102080-00102231 take nutanix to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00489-00102232-00102423 talk about cloud and becoming more
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00490-00102424-00102582 friendly with developers and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00491-00102583-00102863 api piece but but what's your point of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00492-00102864-00102958 view craig
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00493-00102959-00103342 on how you position relative to say hci
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00494-00103343-00103663 yeah absolutely so the so everyone gets
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00495-00103664-00103966 what feature architecture is and was
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00496-00103967-00104358 um and and hci software
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00497-00104359-00104542 you know emerged as an alternative to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00498-00104543-00104671 the three-tier
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00499-00104672-00104990 architectures everyone i think
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00500-00104991-00105278 today understands that data services are
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00501-00105279-00105319 you know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00502-00105320-00105623 sds is software hosted in
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00503-00105624-00105958 the operating system um of each
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00504-00105959-00106271 hci device and consume some amount of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00505-00106272-00106407 cpu memory network
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00506-00106408-00106647 whatever and it's typically constrained
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00507-00106648-00106831 to a hypervisor environment
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00508-00106832-00107015 is you know kind of where where most of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00509-00107016-00107158 the uh uh
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00510-00107159-00107631 that stuff is done and and over time
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00511-00107632-00107902 these platforms have added some
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00512-00107903-00108134 monitoring capabilities
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00513-00108135-00108431 predictive analytics typically provided
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00514-00108432-00108463 by
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00515-00108464-00108743 the vendors cloud right and and as
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00516-00108744-00108871 tobias mentioned
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00517-00108872-00109199 some um hcis
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00518-00109200-00109519 vendors have augmented this approach by
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00519-00109520-00109575 adding an
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00520-00109576-00109751 accelerator to make things like
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00521-00109752-00109943 compression and de-dupe go faster
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00522-00109944-00110119 i think simplivity or something like
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00523-00110120-00110310 that um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00524-00110311-00110663 the you know the difference uh that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00525-00110664-00110919 that we're talking about here is you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00526-00110920-00110966 know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00527-00110967-00111343 the the infrastructure software
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00528-00111344-00111663 um that we deliver as a service
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00529-00111664-00112078 is embedded right into server silicon
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00530-00112079-00112302 so it's not sitting in the operating
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00531-00112303-00112390 system
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00532-00112391-00112686 uh of choice and what that means is you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00533-00112688-00112743 get the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00534-00112744-00113134 full power of the you know server you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00535-00113135-00113190 bought
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00536-00113191-00113527 for your workloads it's not
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00537-00113528-00113863 constrained to a hypervisor
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00538-00113864-00114215 only environment um it's os
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00539-00114216-00114607 agnostic and you know it's it's entirely
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00540-00114608-00114734 controlled
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00541-00114735-00115071 uh and administered by the cloud
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00542-00115072-00115415 versus with you know most hcis
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00543-00115416-00115734 is an on-prem console that manages a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00544-00115735-00115799 cluster
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00545-00115800-00116110 or two on-prem and you know think of it
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00546-00116111-00116207 from a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00547-00116208-00116407 automation perspective when you automate
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00548-00116408-00116590 something you've got to you know set up
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00549-00116591-00116654 your
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00550-00116655-00116847 your playbook kind of cluster by cluster
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00551-00116848-00116990 and depending what versions they're on
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00552-00116991-00117207 apis are changing behaviors are changing
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00553-00117208-00117239 so
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00554-00117240-00117519 a very different approach at scale and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00555-00117520-00117583 so
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00556-00117583-00117815 so again for us we're talking about
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00557-00117816-00118015 something that gives you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00558-00118016-00118334 um a much more efficient
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00559-00118335-00118639 infrastructure that is then
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00560-00118640-00118878 you know managed by the cloud and and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00561-00118879-00119071 gives you this full kind of operational
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00562-00119072-00119247 model you would expect
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00563-00119248-00119510 um for any kind of cloud-based
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00564-00119511-00119623 deployment
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00565-00119624-00119831 you know um i got to go back you guys
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00566-00119832-00120007 obviously have some three-part dna
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00567-00120008-00120095 hanging around and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00568-00120096-00120271 you know remember of course you remember
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00569-00120272-00120414 well the three-part asic
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00570-00120415-00120558 it was kind of famous at the time and it
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00571-00120559-00120775 was unique and i and i bring that up
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00572-00120776-00120871 only because you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00573-00120872-00121023 you've mentioned a couple of times the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00574-00121024-00121207 silicon and a lot of people say yeah
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00575-00121208-00121407 whatever but we have been on this
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00576-00121408-00121558 especially particularly with arm and i
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00577-00121559-00121686 want to share with the audience and if
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00578-00121688-00121839 you follow my breaking analysis you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00579-00121840-00121902 notice
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00580-00121903-00122095 if you look at the historical curve of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00581-00122096-00122343 moore's law with x86 it's
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00582-00122344-00122502 you know the doubling of performance
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00583-00122503-00122678 every two years roughly that comes out
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00584-00122679-00122766 to about 40
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00585-00122767-00122966 a year that's moderated down to about 30
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00586-00122967-00123110 percent a year now if you look at the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00587-00123111-00123158 arm
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00588-00123159-00123407 ecosystem and take for instance apple a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00589-00123408-00123623 a15 and the previous series for example
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00590-00123624-00123799 over the last five years
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00591-00123800-00124014 the performance when you combine the g
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00592-00124015-00124231 the cpu gpu npu
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00593-00124232-00124510 the accelerators the dsps which by the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00594-00124511-00124743 way are all customizable
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00595-00124744-00124919 that's growing at a hundred and ten
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00596-00124920-00125119 percent a year
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00597-00125120-00125358 and that the soc costs fifty bucks so my
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00598-00125359-00125454 point is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00599-00125455-00125663 that you guys are riding a perfect
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00600-00125664-00125807 example of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00601-00125808-00126086 doing offloads with a way more efficient
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00602-00126088-00126231 architecture
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00603-00126232-00126478 that's going to you're now on that curve
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00604-00126479-00126663 that's growing at 100
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00605-00126664-00126910 plus per year whereas a lot of the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00606-00126911-00127095 legacy storage is still on that 30
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00607-00127096-00127143 percent
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00608-00127144-00127447 a year curve and so cheaper lower power
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00609-00127448-00127575 that's why i love tobias you were
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00610-00127576-00127743 bringing in the iot and the smart
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00611-00127744-00127886 infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00612-00127888-00128119 this is the future of storage and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00613-00128120-00128231 infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00614-00128232-00128527 infrastructure absolutely it's and and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00615-00128528-00128710 the thing i would emphasize
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00616-00128711-00129102 is it's not limited to storage
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00617-00129103-00129358 storage is a is a big issue but we're
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00618-00129359-00129447 talking about
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00619-00129448-00129743 your application infrastructure and you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00620-00129744-00129910 you brought up something interesting on
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00621-00129911-00130158 the um the dpu the smart nic
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00622-00130159-00130407 uh side of things and just to kind of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00623-00130408-00130527 you know level set with
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00624-00130528-00130766 with everybody there there's you know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00625-00130767-00130895 there's the hci
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00626-00130896-00131247 world and then there's this smart nick
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00627-00131248-00131431 dpu world whatever you want to call it
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00628-00131432-00131631 but it's effectively
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00629-00131632-00131959 a network card it's got that specialized
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00630-00131960-00132311 processing um on board and firmware to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00631-00132312-00132359 provide
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00632-00132360-00132607 some you know network security storage
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00633-00132608-00132702 services
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00634-00132703-00132999 and think of it as a pcie card in your
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00635-00133000-00133102 server
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00636-00133103-00133351 it connects to an external storage
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00637-00133352-00133519 system so think
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00638-00133520-00133823 nvidia bluefield 2 connecting to an
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00639-00133824-00134127 external nvme storage device and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00640-00134128-00134327 the the interesting thing about that is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00641-00134328-00134431 you know storage
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00642-00134432-00134759 processing is offloaded from the server
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00643-00134760-00134983 so as we said earlier good right you get
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00644-00134984-00135239 the server back to your application
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00645-00135240-00135599 but storage moves out of the server
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00646-00135600-00135895 um and you know it starts to look a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00647-00135896-00136087 little bit like an external
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00648-00136088-00136311 storage approach versus a server-based
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00649-00136312-00136390 approach
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00650-00136391-00136702 and infrastructure management is done
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00651-00136703-00136983 by you know the server smartnic with
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00652-00136984-00137039 some
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00653-00137040-00137263 monitoring and analytics coming from you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00654-00137264-00137495 know your suppliers cloud support
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00655-00137496-00137831 service so so complexity creeps back in
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00656-00137832-00138014 if you start to lose that you know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00657-00138015-00138143 heavily converged
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00658-00138144-00138471 approach um again we
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00659-00138472-00138790 you know we are taking advantage of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00660-00138791-00139054 storage within the server
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00661-00139055-00139383 and and the you know keeping this
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00662-00139384-00139702 a a real server-based approach
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00663-00139703-00139959 but distinguishing ourselves from the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00664-00139960-00140190 hci approach because there's a real roi
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00665-00140191-00140295 there
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00666-00140296-00140527 and when we talk to you know folks who
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00667-00140528-00140751 are looking at new and different ways
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00668-00140752-00140919 we talk a lot about the cloud and i
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00669-00140920-00141223 think we've done a bit of that already
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00670-00141224-00141511 but then at the end of the day folks are
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00671-00141512-00141647 trying to figure out well
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00672-00141648-00142047 okay but then what do i buy to enable
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00673-00142048-00142351 this and what you buy is your standard
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00674-00142352-00142543 server recipe
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00675-00142544-00142863 um so think your favorite hpe
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00676-00142864-00143159 lenovo super micro whatever the whatever
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00677-00143160-00143302 your brand
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00678-00143303-00143559 um and it's going to come enabled with
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00679-00143560-00143751 this iot endpoint within it
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00680-00143752-00144023 so it's really a smart server if you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00681-00144024-00144175 will
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00682-00144176-00144423 that can then be controlled by our cloud
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00683-00144424-00144495 and so you're
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00684-00144496-00144687 effectively buying a you know from your
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00685-00144688-00144895 favorite server vendor
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00686-00144896-00145183 a server option that is this endpoint
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00687-00145184-00145295 and a subscription
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00688-00145296-00145454 you don't buy any of this from us by the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00689-00145455-00145711 way it's all coming from them
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00690-00145712-00145999 and that's the uh the way we uh deliver
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00691-00146000-00146054 this
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00692-00146055-00146239 and i you know it's not sorry to get
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00693-00146240-00146375 into the plumbing but this is something
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00694-00146376-00146463 we've been on and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00695-00146464-00146775 fast but is that is that silicon custom
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00696-00146776-00146935 designed or is it pretty much off the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00697-00146936-00147183 shelf do you guys adding any value to it
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00698-00147184-00147319 no there are
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00699-00147320-00147631 off the shelf options that can deliver
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00700-00147632-00147975 tremendous horsepower uh on that form
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00701-00147976-00148063 factor
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00702-00148064-00148423 and uh and so we take advantage of that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00703-00148424-00148823 um to you know do what we do um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00704-00148824-00148990 uh in terms of you know creating these
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00705-00148991-00149231 sort of smart servers with our endpoint
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00706-00149232-00149431 and so that's where we're at yeah
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00707-00149432-00149590 awesome so guys
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00708-00149591-00149799 what's your sweet spot you know why are
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00709-00149800-00149919 customers you know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00710-00149920-00150143 what are you seeing customers adopting
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00711-00150144-00150407 maybe some examples you guys can share
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00712-00150408-00150735 yeah absolutely so the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00713-00150736-00151039 um i think tobias mentioned that because
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00714-00151040-00151087 of the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00715-00151088-00151302 architectural approach there's a lot of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00716-00151303-00151407 flexibility there
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00717-00151408-00151607 you can run you know virtualized
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00718-00151608-00151726 containerized
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00719-00151727-00152039 bare metal applications
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00720-00152040-00152390 the you know the question is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00721-00152391-00152759 where are folks choosing to get started
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00722-00152760-00153063 and those those use cases
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00723-00153064-00153295 with our existing customers revolve
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00724-00153296-00153439 heavily around
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00725-00153440-00153702 uh versus virtualization modernization
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00726-00153703-00153887 so they're going back in
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00727-00153888-00154151 to their virtualized environment whether
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00728-00154152-00154319 their existing infrastructure is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00729-00154320-00154535 array-based or hci based and they're
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00730-00154536-00154647 looking to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00731-00154648-00154999 streamline that save money automate more
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00732-00155000-00155407 the usual things the second
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00733-00155408-00155663 area is the distributed edge you know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00734-00155664-00155799 the edge is going through
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00735-00155800-00156151 tremendous transformation uh with with
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00736-00156152-00156511 iot devices uh 5g
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00737-00156512-00156751 and trying to get processing closer to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00738-00156752-00156959 you know where customers are doing work
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00739-00156960-00157254 and so that distributed edge is a real
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00740-00157255-00157383 opportunity because
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00741-00157384-00157702 again it's a it's a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00742-00157703-00157951 more cost effective more dense
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00743-00157952-00158095 infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00744-00158096-00158407 and the you know the cloud effectively
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00745-00158408-00158702 can manage across all of these sites
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00746-00158703-00158766 through
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00747-00158767-00159071 a single uh you know a single api
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00748-00159072-00159423 the um and then the third area
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00749-00159424-00159695 is cloud service provider transformation
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00750-00159696-00159766 we do
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00751-00159767-00160039 a fair bit of business with you know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00752-00160040-00160271 cloud service provider ctos
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00753-00160272-00160471 who are looking at you know trying to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00754-00160472-00160639 build top line growth
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00755-00160640-00160814 trying to create new services and and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00756-00160815-00160975 drive better bottom line
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00757-00160976-00161231 and so this is uh you know really a you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00758-00161232-00161359 know as much as a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00759-00161360-00161719 revenue uh opportunity for them as
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00760-00161720-00161990 cost saving opportunity and then the the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00761-00161991-00162159 last one is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00762-00162160-00162471 uh this this notion of you know bringing
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00763-00162472-00162743 the cloud on-prem we've done
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00764-00162744-00163047 a cloud repatriation deal
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00765-00163048-00163366 um and i know you're you've seen a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00766-00163367-00163447 little of that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00767-00163448-00163687 but maybe not a lot of it and you know i
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00768-00163688-00163895 i can tell you in our first
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00769-00163896-00164135 uh in our first deals we've already seen
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00770-00164136-00164207 it so
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00771-00164208-00164519 so it's out there um that's you know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00772-00164520-00164671 those are the places where people are
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00773-00164672-00164831 getting started with us today
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00774-00164832-00165143 you know and it's just interesting
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00775-00165144-00165390 you're right i don't see a ton of it but
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00776-00165391-00165535 if i'm going to repatriate
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00777-00165536-00165687 i don't want to go backwards i don't
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00778-00165688-00165887 want to repatriate to legacy
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00779-00165888-00166031 so it actually does kind of make sense
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00780-00166032-00166231 that i repatriate to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00781-00166232-00166535 a essentially a component of on-prem
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00782-00166536-00166678 cloud that's managed in the cloud that
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00783-00166679-00166807 that makes sense to me
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00784-00166808-00167071 to buy but today you're managing from
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00785-00167072-00167207 the cloud you're managing on-prem
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00786-00167208-00167343 infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00787-00167344-00167526 maybe maybe you could show us a little
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00788-00167527-00167735 lag share a little road map i mean
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00789-00167736-00167871 where are you guys headed from a product
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00790-00167872-00168087 standpoint
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00791-00168088-00168407 right so i'm not gonna go too far on the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00792-00168408-00168478 limb there but
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00793-00168479-00168631 obviously right so one of the key
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00794-00168632-00168790 benefits um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00795-00168791-00169031 of a cloud managed platform is this is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00796-00169032-00169143 this notion of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00797-00169144-00169454 a single api right we talked about how
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00798-00169455-00169790 the distributed um edge where you know i
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00799-00169791-00169943 think a retailer that has
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00800-00169944-00170151 you know thousands of stores each store
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00801-00170152-00170390 having local infrastructure and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00802-00170391-00170575 you know if you think about the the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00803-00170576-00170719 challenges that come
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00804-00170720-00171031 with um you know just uh you know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00805-00171032-00171183 administrating those systems
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00806-00171184-00171383 rolling out firmware updates rolling out
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00807-00171384-00171647 um updates in general monitoring those
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00808-00171648-00171726 systems etc
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00809-00171727-00172126 etc right so having a a single console a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00810-00172127-00172407 cloud console to administrate all of uh
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00811-00172408-00172566 that infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00812-00172567-00172863 um obviously you know the benefits are
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00813-00172864-00172966 easy now
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00814-00172967-00173207 um if you think about if you think about
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00815-00173208-00173375 that and spin it further right so
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00816-00173376-00173702 um um from a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00817-00173703-00173951 you know from the use cases and and the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00818-00173952-00174102 types of users that we've seen
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00819-00174103-00174319 and craig talked about then at the very
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00820-00174320-00174423 beginning
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00821-00174424-00174599 um you can think about this this is a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00822-00174600-00174743 hybrid world right
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00823-00174744-00175014 um you know customers will have data
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00824-00175015-00175183 that they'll have in the public cloud
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00825-00175184-00175287 they will have
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00826-00175288-00175438 data and applications in their data
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00827-00175439-00175607 centers and at the edge
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00828-00175608-00175919 um obviously it is our it is our
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00829-00175920-00176014 objective to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00830-00176015-00176151 you know deliver this the same
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00831-00176152-00176335 experience that they gain from the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00832-00176336-00176463 public cloud on-prem
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00833-00176464-00176743 and eventually you know those two things
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00834-00176744-00176783 um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00835-00176784-00177111 can come come closer together um
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00836-00177112-00177351 apart from that right um we're
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00837-00177352-00177559 constantly improving the data services
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00838-00177560-00177814 um and as you mentioned arm is is on a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00839-00177815-00177919 path
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00840-00177920-00178166 um that is becoming stronger and faster
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00841-00178167-00178335 so obviously we're gonna leverage from
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00842-00178336-00178487 that and build out our data storage
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00843-00178488-00178607 services
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00844-00178608-00178983 um and um you know become faster
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00845-00178984-00179335 but really the the the key
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00846-00179336-00179599 thing that i'd like to um to mention all
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00847-00179600-00179687 the time and
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00848-00179688-00179951 this is related to road map but rather
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00849-00179952-00180166 feature delivery right so this is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00850-00180167-00180543 the majority of of what we do
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00851-00180544-00180719 is in the cloud our business logic in
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00852-00180720-00180919 the cloud the capabilities the
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00853-00180920-00181095 the things that make the infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00854-00181096-00181319 work are delivered in the cloud
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00855-00181320-00181638 and um you know there it's provided as a
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00856-00181639-00181719 service so
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00857-00181720-00181999 compared with your your your gmail you
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00858-00182000-00182054 know your
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00859-00182055-00182335 your cloud services one day um you don't
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00860-00182336-00182423 have a feature
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00861-00182424-00182671 the next day you have a feature so we're
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00862-00182672-00182807 continuously
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00863-00182808-00183038 uh rolling out new new capabilities
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00864-00183039-00183166 through our cloud
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00865-00183167-00183383 yeah and and that's about feature
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00866-00183384-00183575 acceleration as opposed to technical
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00867-00183576-00183726 debt which is what you get with legacy
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00868-00183727-00183807 features
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00869-00183808-00184078 feature creep yeah absolutely the other
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00870-00184079-00184207 thing i would say too
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00871-00184208-00184526 is a big focus for us now is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00872-00184527-00184951 to help our customers more
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00873-00184952-00185319 uh easily consume this this new concept
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00874-00185320-00185431 and we've got
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00875-00185432-00185663 you know we've already got you know uh
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00876-00185664-00185766 sdks
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00877-00185767-00186038 for you know things like you know uh
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00878-00186039-00186254 python and powershell and and some of
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00879-00186255-00186478 those things but um we've got i think
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00880-00186479-00186863 nearly ready um uh an ansible
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00881-00186864-00187359 um sdk we have you know we're trying to
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00882-00187360-00187663 uh help folks better uh
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00883-00187664-00187959 you know kind of use case by u use case
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00884-00187960-00187999 uh
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00885-00188000-00188231 spin this stuff up within their their uh
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00886-00188232-00188423 uh organization their infrastructure
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00887-00188424-00188502 because again
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00888-00188503-00188831 part of our objective uh we know
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00889-00188832-00189159 that it professionals have
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00890-00189160-00189478 you know a lot of uh inertia when
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00891-00189479-00189519 they're
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00892-00189520-00189735 you know moving stuff around in their
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00893-00189736-00189871 own data center
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00894-00189872-00190102 and you know we're aiming to make this
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00895-00190103-00190214 you know a much
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00896-00190215-00190607 simpler more agile experience to deploy
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00897-00190608-00190814 and grow over time guys we've got to go
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00898-00190815-00191071 but craig quick company stats i
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00899-00191072-00191278 am i correct you've raised just under 20
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00900-00191279-00191463 million where are you on funding what's
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00901-00191464-00191711 your head count today
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00902-00191712-00192047 i am going to plead the fifth on
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00903-00192048-00192375 all of that oh okay keeping stealth keep
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00904-00192376-00192519 staying a little stealthy i love it
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00905-00192520-00192687 absolutely all right guys
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00906-00192688-00192895 really excited for you i i love what
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00907-00192896-00193031 you're doing it's really
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00908-00193032-00193283 starting to come into focus uh and so
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00909-00193284-00193463 congratulations you know you got a ways
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00910-00193464-00193590 to go but uh
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00911-00193591-00193783 tobias and craig appreciate you coming
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00912-00193784-00193935 on the cube today
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00913-00193936-00194150 right on all right and thank you for
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00914-00194151-00194287 watching this cube conversation this is
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00915-00194288-00195654 dave vellante we'll see you next time
CMCWjlQXRNQ-00916-00195655-00195864 you
Cpra_DloJsg-00000-00000362-00000703 I've got what I think are three key tips
Cpra_DloJsg-00001-00000704-00000950 for classroom tech success but then what
Cpra_DloJsg-00002-00000951-00001109 I'd also like to do is turn it over to
Cpra_DloJsg-00003-00001110-00001382 all of you at some point - and hear what
Cpra_DloJsg-00004-00001383-00001592 your tips are - so just kind of keep
Cpra_DloJsg-00005-00001593-00001820 that in the back of your mind but you
Cpra_DloJsg-00006-00001821-00002192 know I know for me I've found that in my
Cpra_DloJsg-00007-00002193-00002381 own classroom I don't want to very first
Cpra_DloJsg-00008-00002382-00002539 started using technology it was like
Cpra_DloJsg-00009-00002540-00002810 anytime I use technology it's got to be
Cpra_DloJsg-00010-00002811-00003107 good right I mean you get those laptops
Cpra_DloJsg-00011-00003108-00003281 out the principal comes by and you're
Cpra_DloJsg-00012-00003282-00003691 like look at me right you know then I
Cpra_DloJsg-00013-00003692-00003829 started to realize that some of that
Cpra_DloJsg-00014-00003830-00004170 stuff kind of felt like they're like
Cpra_DloJsg-00015-00004171-00004459 worksheets that I was assigning only in
Cpra_DloJsg-00016-00004460-00004711 digital form and at some point that
Cpra_DloJsg-00017-00004712-00004870 started to dawn on me and I'm going
Cpra_DloJsg-00018-00004871-00005209 there's got to be some better ways to do
Cpra_DloJsg-00019-00005210-00005368 this I think you know and so that's
Cpra_DloJsg-00020-00005369-00005646 that's kind of what I came across so and
Cpra_DloJsg-00021-00005647-00005827 tech can kind of make us feel
Cpra_DloJsg-00022-00005828-00006055 overwhelmed right there's so many tools
Cpra_DloJsg-00023-00006056-00006289 there's so much stuff I mean you look
Cpra_DloJsg-00024-00006290-00006467 around this vendor hall and there's so
Cpra_DloJsg-00025-00006468-00006638 many things that people want to help put
Cpra_DloJsg-00026-00006639-00006926 into your classroom but the big question
Cpra_DloJsg-00027-00006927-00007153 is where it actually helped I think if
Cpra_DloJsg-00028-00007154-00007453 there was one thing that everybody
Cpra_DloJsg-00029-00007454-00007613 should keep in mind as they're at this
Cpra_DloJsg-00030-00007614-00007939 conference is to ask that question how
Cpra_DloJsg-00031-00007940-00008095 is it going to help you know how is this
Cpra_DloJsg-00032-00008096-00008278 actually going to boost learning in my
Cpra_DloJsg-00033-00008279-00008723 class and so for me I know that's that's
Cpra_DloJsg-00034-00008724-00008845 one of the big things I've always come
Cpra_DloJsg-00035-00008846-00008974 back to if I'm gonna use that that's
Cpra_DloJsg-00036-00008975-00009277 great is it going to be better so I
Cpra_DloJsg-00037-00009278-00009553 think really I won't get too theoretical
Cpra_DloJsg-00038-00009554-00009814 on this I kind of feel like technologies
Cpra_DloJsg-00039-00009815-00010041 like a catalyst something that can
Cpra_DloJsg-00040-00010042-00010267 improve what you're already doing it
Cpra_DloJsg-00041-00010268-00010499 doesn't do it by itself you know but I
Cpra_DloJsg-00042-00010500-00010702 think when we use it along with good
Cpra_DloJsg-00043-00010703-00010898 solid teaching it can really really help
Cpra_DloJsg-00044-00010899-00011260 so here's tip number one for me anyway
Cpra_DloJsg-00045-00011261-00011503 this is the big question I always always
Cpra_DloJsg-00046-00011504-00011785 always come back to does it move the
Cpra_DloJsg-00047-00011786-00012194 needle for learning so I look at the
Cpra_DloJsg-00048-00012195-00012416 technology that I want to use the ideas
Cpra_DloJsg-00049-00012417-00012571 that I want to use with technology and I
Cpra_DloJsg-00050-00012572-00012838 think okay if the learning is at this
Cpra_DloJsg-00051-00012839-00013190 level if kids achievement or if what I
Cpra_DloJsg-00052-00013191-00013415 can see with my eyes and my ears to know
Cpra_DloJsg-00053-00013416-00013538 that they're learning and did they get
Cpra_DloJsg-00054-00013538-00013613 it
Cpra_DloJsg-00055-00013613-00014038 can technology do this can it do that
Cpra_DloJsg-00056-00014040-00014402 or can it do this and if it can't if it
Cpra_DloJsg-00057-00014403-00014557 does this and it doesn't go anywhere
Cpra_DloJsg-00058-00014558-00014801 I've got to consider whether I even want
Cpra_DloJsg-00059-00014802-00014993 to use it you know there's there's a
Cpra_DloJsg-00060-00014994-00015224 case for saying that if it does this and
Cpra_DloJsg-00061-00015225-00015497 it doesn't move it up that at least
Cpra_DloJsg-00062-00015497-00015713 we're getting kids used to the tool and
Cpra_DloJsg-00063-00015713-00016034 the skills and getting them a little bit
Cpra_DloJsg-00064-00016035-00016241 of that digital fluency you know where
Cpra_DloJsg-00065-00016241-00016439 they're used to the tool but I think at
Cpra_DloJsg-00066-00016440-00016685 some point if it doesn't move things
Cpra_DloJsg-00067-00016686-00017012 significantly in this direction then we
Cpra_DloJsg-00068-00017013-00017150 got to wonder whether we really need to
Cpra_DloJsg-00069-00017151-00017348 use it I know that's kind of simplistic
Cpra_DloJsg-00070-00017349-00017572 but that's just like the core I think of
Cpra_DloJsg-00071-00017573-00017810 what of what I've come to believe about
Cpra_DloJsg-00072-00017811-00018044 that so I think that's just one little
Cpra_DloJsg-00073-00018045-00018221 simple question that we can ask
Cpra_DloJsg-00074-00018222-00018413 ourselves does it move the needle for
Cpra_DloJsg-00075-00018414-00018581 learning and if it doesn't we got to
Cpra_DloJsg-00076-00018582-00018626 wonder
Cpra_DloJsg-00077-00018627-00018881 either a do we need it or B how can we
Cpra_DloJsg-00078-00018882-00018959 do it differently
Cpra_DloJsg-00079-00018960-00019267 so that we can actually move that needle
Cpra_DloJsg-00080-00019268-00019655 number two don't use too many digital
Cpra_DloJsg-00081-00019656-00020006 tools I think if anybody has anybody
Cpra_DloJsg-00082-00020007-00020303 been any Lesley Visser stuff today she
Cpra_DloJsg-00083-00020304-00020705 talks about how she has what she calls
Cpra_DloJsg-00084-00020706-00021010 it's not like ADHD she calls it a DST
Cpra_DloJsg-00085-00021011-00021281 she calls that attention deficit shiny
Cpra_DloJsg-00086-00021282-00021521 thing you know it's like oh there's a
Cpra_DloJsg-00087-00021522-00021815 shiny thing you know and so um I think
Cpra_DloJsg-00088-00021816-00022034 it's so easy for us to get that you know
Cpra_DloJsg-00089-00022035-00022300 because I know especially for me
Cpra_DloJsg-00090-00022301-00022538 especially when I got on Twitter at
Cpra_DloJsg-00091-00022539-00022760 first you would see other teachers using
Cpra_DloJsg-00092-00022761-00022910 different tools and I'm going oh wow
Cpra_DloJsg-00093-00022911-00023168 what they're doing that's really cool I
Cpra_DloJsg-00094-00023169-00023387 had to try that oh but this person over
Cpra_DloJsg-00095-00023388-00023578 here is doing that and all of these
Cpra_DloJsg-00096-00023579-00023894 people are using this one and I haven't
Cpra_DloJsg-00097-00023895-00024167 even used that yet and I start to think
Cpra_DloJsg-00098-00024168-00024464 man if I'm not using all these things am
Cpra_DloJsg-00099-00024465-00024647 i doing a disservice to my kids by not
Cpra_DloJsg-00100-00024648-00024950 bringing the stuff in and so I had kind
Cpra_DloJsg-00101-00024951-00025219 of got into the overwhelm stage but then
Cpra_DloJsg-00102-00025220-00025594 I realized that I was overwhelmed but my
Cpra_DloJsg-00103-00025595-00025742 kids were overwhelmed too have you guys
Cpra_DloJsg-00104-00025743-00025933 ever done that before like totally
Cpra_DloJsg-00105-00025935-00026099 overwhelmed kids by putting too much
Cpra_DloJsg-00106-00026100-00026444 stuff on him right yeah yep exactly
Cpra_DloJsg-00107-00026445-00026608 what I've found is that if we have a
Cpra_DloJsg-00108-00026609-00027004 couple of core tools that we go back to
Cpra_DloJsg-00109-00027005-00027323 here's the beauty of that is that the
Cpra_DloJsg-00110-00027324-00027508 kids get I'm gonna go back to that word
Cpra_DloJsg-00111-00027509-00027805 fluency again they get that fluency with
Cpra_DloJsg-00112-00027806-00028105 that tool so that the technology almost
Cpra_DloJsg-00113-00028106-00028561 becomes transparent you know how
Cpra_DloJsg-00114-00028562-00028738 technology's transparent which means
Cpra_DloJsg-00115-00028739-00028942 that we're not even thinking about using
Cpra_DloJsg-00116-00028943-00029201 it it's like when you're writing with a
Cpra_DloJsg-00117-00029202-00029404 pencil you're not thinking about the
Cpra_DloJsg-00118-00029405-00029660 pencil unless the LED breaks but you're
Cpra_DloJsg-00119-00029661-00029812 not thinking about the pencil you don't
Cpra_DloJsg-00120-00029813-00029967 get training on how to use a pencil
Cpra_DloJsg-00121-00029968-00030214 photo copiers are kind of like that like
Cpra_DloJsg-00122-00030215-00030394 how long has it been since we've had
Cpra_DloJsg-00123-00030395-00030535 professional development on how to use a
Cpra_DloJsg-00124-00030536-00030619 photocopier
Cpra_DloJsg-00125-00030620-00031004 thank goodness right but I think that's
Cpra_DloJsg-00126-00031005-00031195 where if we can help kids get to that
Cpra_DloJsg-00127-00031196-00031438 point where they're using those couple
Cpra_DloJsg-00128-00031439-00031633 of core tools so that they don't have to
Cpra_DloJsg-00129-00031634-00031744 think about it then what are they
Cpra_DloJsg-00130-00031745-00032005 thinking about they're thinking about
Cpra_DloJsg-00131-00032006-00032135 our content they're thinking about the
Cpra_DloJsg-00132-00032136-00032332 lessons they're actually learning you
Cpra_DloJsg-00133-00032333-00032554 know so I think that's that's one of the
Cpra_DloJsg-00134-00032555-00032788 big ones for me is what are your couple
Cpra_DloJsg-00135-00032789-00033013 of core digital tools that you want to
Cpra_DloJsg-00136-00033014-00033385 use then here's three go to the students
Cpra_DloJsg-00137-00033386-00033835 world so I'm real big on like kind of
Cpra_DloJsg-00138-00033836-00034033 like eavesdropping on my students oh
Cpra_DloJsg-00139-00034034-00034282 that's not like the creepy kind of
Cpra_DloJsg-00140-00034283-00034477 eavesdropping but I love to hear what
Cpra_DloJsg-00141-00034478-00034687 they're talking about you know and like
Cpra_DloJsg-00142-00034688-00035011 what websites are interested in what
Cpra_DloJsg-00143-00035012-00035236 they what they're doing what they're you
Cpra_DloJsg-00144-00035237-00035437 know what's going on in pop culture even
Cpra_DloJsg-00145-00035438-00035725 and then the big question is how can I
Cpra_DloJsg-00146-00035726-00035923 bring that back into the classroom
Cpra_DloJsg-00147-00035924-00036199 there's a book called instant relevance
Cpra_DloJsg-00148-00036200-00036376 written by a guy named Dennis Sheeran
Cpra_DloJsg-00149-00036377-00036619 who's a math teacher and in instant
Cpra_DloJsg-00150-00036620-00036805 relevance he talks about how things that
Cpra_DloJsg-00151-00036806-00036931 come out in the news and in pop culture
Cpra_DloJsg-00152-00036932-00037304 and everything can be like jet fuel to
Cpra_DloJsg-00153-00037305-00037606 your lessons because that's the stuff
Cpra_DloJsg-00154-00037607-00037744 kids are talking about anyway that's
Cpra_DloJsg-00155-00037745-00037904 what they're interested in and if we can
Cpra_DloJsg-00156-00037905-00038056 inject a little bit of that in I think
Cpra_DloJsg-00157-00038057-00038299 that's huge the other thing that goes
Cpra_DloJsg-00158-00038300-00038389 with this too
Cpra_DloJsg-00159-00038390-00038641 is with those digital tools that
Cpra_DloJsg-00160-00038642-00039025 students really really love the example
Cpra_DloJsg-00161-00039026-00039173 I'll give you right now is Instagram
Cpra_DloJsg-00162-00039174-00039404 you know Instagram is still is still
Cpra_DloJsg-00163-00039405-00039779 huge and the question is how can we do
Cpra_DloJsg-00164-00039780-00040067 that if we don't want to like have every
Cpra_DloJsg-00165-00040068-00040252 kid get an Instagram account we don't
Cpra_DloJsg-00166-00040253-00040364 want to move it all down
Cpra_DloJsg-00167-00040365-00040540 the app some of them don't have the
Cpra_DloJsg-00168-00040541-00040892 devices here's my here's the thing I've
Cpra_DloJsg-00169-00040893-00041198 been really big on with that you don't
Cpra_DloJsg-00170-00041199-00041480 have to have the app to create the
Cpra_DloJsg-00171-00041481-00041801 experience that makes sense so you think
Cpra_DloJsg-00172-00041802-00042049 about like how can we recreate those
Cpra_DloJsg-00173-00042050-00042340 experiences that kids really really love
Cpra_DloJsg-00174-00042341-00042662 without downloading the app so I've got
Cpra_DloJsg-00175-00042663-00043090 a Google slides like template that lets
Cpra_DloJsg-00176-00043091-00043439 you create Instagram stories right like
Cpra_DloJsg-00177-00043440-00043768 Instagram stories on Google slides it's
Cpra_DloJsg-00178-00043769-00044030 it's a way to bring that content into
Cpra_DloJsg-00179-00044031-00044225 something that the kids really like if
Cpra_DloJsg-00180-00044226-00044435 you wanted to check out that template by
Cpra_DloJsg-00181-00044436-00044561 the way you can go to ditch that
Cpra_DloJsg-00182-00044562-00044918 textbook comm slash Instagram stories I
Cpra_DloJsg-00183-00044919-00045098 may pull that up after I'm done here so
Cpra_DloJsg-00184-00045099-00045245 if you're interested in seeing it but
Cpra_DloJsg-00185-00045246-00045487 with that it's like we recreated the
Cpra_DloJsg-00186-00045488-00045710 idea of Instagram stories and Google
Cpra_DloJsg-00187-00045711-00045905 slides so if that's one of your core
Cpra_DloJsg-00188-00045906-00046136 tools there you go that's not you know
Cpra_DloJsg-00189-00046137-00046552 anything new that you have to create so
Cpra_DloJsg-00190-00046553-00046679 let me throw it to you guys
Cpra_DloJsg-00191-00046680-00046949 what are your key tips those are my
Cpra_DloJsg-00192-00046950-00047207 three my three again were go to students
Cpra_DloJsg-00193-00047208-00047258 world
Cpra_DloJsg-00194-00047259-00047617 don't use too many digital tools and
Cpra_DloJsg-00195-00047618-00048032 doesn't move the needle for learning
CpGZoXBa4VM-00000-00000053-00000343 the light water reactor sustainability
CpGZoXBa4VM-00001-00000344-00000604 program is a US government research and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00002-00000605-00000911 development program it is directed by
CpGZoXBa4VM-00003-00000911-00001121 the United States Department of Energy
CpGZoXBa4VM-00004-00001122-00001375 and is aimed at performing research and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00005-00001376-00001622 compiling data necessary to qualify for
CpGZoXBa4VM-00006-00001623-00001892 licences to extend the life of America's
CpGZoXBa4VM-00007-00001893-00002177 current 104 electricity generating
CpGZoXBa4VM-00008-00002178-00002443 nuclear power plants beyond 60 years of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00009-00002444-00002765 life practically all of the commercial
CpGZoXBa4VM-00010-00002766-00003032 electric generating nuclear power plants
CpGZoXBa4VM-00011-00003033-00003245 currently in the United States are light
CpGZoXBa4VM-00012-00003246-00003611 water reactor LWR plants meaning they
CpGZoXBa4VM-00013-00003611-00003886 use ordinary light water as a moderator
CpGZoXBa4VM-00014-00003887-00004288 and coolant simultaneously the basis for
CpGZoXBa4VM-00015-00004289-00004502 the project is founded on the facts that
CpGZoXBa4VM-00016-00004503-00004798 in the near future demand for
CpGZoXBa4VM-00017-00004799-00005011 electricity is projected to increase
CpGZoXBa4VM-00018-00005012-00005375 significantly the US has goals to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00019-00005376-00005620 significantly lower carbon dioxide
CpGZoXBa4VM-00020-00005621-00005935 emissions during his presidential
CpGZoXBa4VM-00021-00005936-00006256 campaign Barack Obama stated nuclear
CpGZoXBa4VM-00022-00006257-00006595 power represents more than 70% of our
CpGZoXBa4VM-00023-00006597-00006992 non carbon generated electricity it is
CpGZoXBa4VM-00024-00006993-00007247 unlikely that we can meet our aggressive
CpGZoXBa4VM-00025-00007248-00007487 climate goals if we eliminate nuclear
CpGZoXBa4VM-00026-00007488-00007828 power as an option
CpGZoXBa4VM-00027-00007829-00008156 the LWR s program operates on the
CpGZoXBa4VM-00028-00008156-00008338 premise that electricity from nuclear
CpGZoXBa4VM-00029-00008339-00008630 generating stations as a zero carbon
CpGZoXBa4VM-00030-00008631-00008876 source cannon must play a critical role
CpGZoXBa4VM-00031-00008877-00009119 as part of an overall solution to both
CpGZoXBa4VM-00032-00009120-00009569 of these needs the LWR s program focuses
CpGZoXBa4VM-00033-00009570-00009866 on four main areas materials aging and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00034-00009867-00010128 degradation advanced instrumentation
CpGZoXBa4VM-00035-00010129-00010366 information and control systems
CpGZoXBa4VM-00036-00010367-00010603 technologies advanced light water
CpGZoXBa4VM-00037-00010604-00010906 reactor nuclear fuels and finally risk
CpGZoXBa4VM-00038-00010907-00011335 informed safety margin characterization
CpGZoXBa4VM-00039-00011336-00011703 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00040-00011704-00012394 topic projected increase in demand
CpGZoXBa4VM-00041-00012395-00012674 domestic demand for electric energy is
CpGZoXBa4VM-00042-00012675-00012932 expected to grow by more than 30 percent
CpGZoXBa4VM-00043-00012933-00013454 from 2009 to 2013 the same time most of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00044-00013455-00013663 the currently operating nuclear power
CpGZoXBa4VM-00045-00013665-00013859 plants will begin reaching the end of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00046-00013860-00014084 their initial 20-year extension to their
CpGZoXBa4VM-00047-00014085-00014369 original 40 year operating license for a
CpGZoXBa4VM-00048-00014369-00014777 total of 60 years of operation according
CpGZoXBa4VM-00049-00014778-00015161 to one study demand will increase by 30
CpGZoXBa4VM-00050-00015162-00015515 to 40 percent by the year 2030 other
CpGZoXBa4VM-00051-00015516-00015782 studies suggest an even higher increase
CpGZoXBa4VM-00052-00015783-00016072 in the world in general above 80% by
CpGZoXBa4VM-00053-00016074-00016347 2035
CpGZoXBa4VM-00054-00016349-00016710 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00055-00016711-00017079 topic goals to lower carbon dioxide
CpGZoXBa4VM-00056-00017080-00017519 emissions
CpGZoXBa4VM-00057-00017520-00017805 President Obama made clear the us's
CpGZoXBa4VM-00058-00017806-00017997 national stance on carbon dioxide
CpGZoXBa4VM-00059-00017998-00018285 emissions on the White House's website
CpGZoXBa4VM-00060-00018286-00018552 which stated we must take immediate
CpGZoXBa4VM-00061-00018553-00018744 action to reduce the carbon pollution
CpGZoXBa4VM-00062-00018745-00019025 that threatens our climate and sustains
CpGZoXBa4VM-00063-00019026-00019424 our dependence on fossil fuels
CpGZoXBa4VM-00064-00019425-00019661 the president has set a goal of reducing
CpGZoXBa4VM-00065-00019662-00019928 greenhouse gas emissions to 80 percent
CpGZoXBa4VM-00066-00019929-00020444 below 1990 levels by the year 2050
CpGZoXBa4VM-00067-00020445-00020808 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00068-00020809-00021430 topic where it is happening
CpGZoXBa4VM-00069-00021431-00021814 Idaho National Laboratory INL near Idaho
CpGZoXBa4VM-00070-00021815-00022052 Falls Idaho and the Oak Ridge National
CpGZoXBa4VM-00071-00022053-00022427 Laboratory ORNL are the primary research
CpGZoXBa4VM-00072-00022428-00022747 facilities involved other labs and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00073-00022748-00022949 universities across the country are
CpGZoXBa4VM-00074-00022950-00023141 involved in specific parts of the
CpGZoXBa4VM-00075-00023142-00023451 research sea below
CpGZoXBa4VM-00076-00023452-00023815 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00077-00023816-00024765 topic who is involved
CpGZoXBa4VM-00078-00024766-00025371 topic program management
CpGZoXBa4VM-00079-00025372-00025725 trevor cook LWR s program federal
CpGZoXBa4VM-00080-00025726-00026100 project director Bruce P Hulbert
CpGZoXBa4VM-00081-00026101-00026451 director LWR s program technical
CpGZoXBa4VM-00082-00026452-00026874 integration office Donald L Williams jr.
CpGZoXBa4VM-00083-00026875-00027264 deputy director LW RS program technical
CpGZoXBa4VM-00084-00027264-00027461 integration office
CpGZoXBa4VM-00085-00027462-00027936 Cathy J Barnard Operations Manager LW RS
CpGZoXBa4VM-00086-00027937-00028241 program technical integration office
CpGZoXBa4VM-00087-00028242-00028626 Keith J Leonard pathway lead materials
CpGZoXBa4VM-00088-00028627-00028829 aging and degradation
CpGZoXBa4VM-00089-00028830-00029211 Bruce P Hulbert pathway LED advanced
CpGZoXBa4VM-00090-00029212-00029493 instrumentation information and control
CpGZoXBa4VM-00091-00029494-00029933 systems technologies Curtis L Smith risk
CpGZoXBa4VM-00092-00029935-00030266 informed safety margin characterization
CpGZoXBa4VM-00093-00030267-00030645 Mitchell T farmer reactor safety
CpGZoXBa4VM-00094-00030645-00031168 technologies
CpGZoXBa4VM-00095-00031169-00031692 topic government
CpGZoXBa4VM-00096-00031693-00031980 US Department of Energy office of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00097-00031981-00032451 nuclear energy US Nuclear Regulatory
CpGZoXBa4VM-00098-00032452-00032871 Commission National Laboratories Idaho
CpGZoXBa4VM-00099-00032872-00033267 National Laboratory INL Oak Ridge
CpGZoXBa4VM-00100-00033268-00033714 National Laboratory ORNL Pacific
CpGZoXBa4VM-00101-00033715-00033927 Northwest National Laboratory
CpGZoXBa4VM-00102-00033928-00034865 pnnl Sandia National Laboratories SNL
CpGZoXBa4VM-00103-00034866-00035210 topic related department of energy
CpGZoXBa4VM-00104-00035211-00035780 research and development programs
CpGZoXBa4VM-00105-00035781-00036142 advanced test reactor 80 our national
CpGZoXBa4VM-00106-00036143-00036520 scientific user facility Center for
CpGZoXBa4VM-00107-00036521-00036987 Advanced Energy Studies C AES consortium
CpGZoXBa4VM-00108-00036988-00037802 for advanced simulation of LWR s CASL
CpGZoXBa4VM-00109-00037803-00038323 topic industry
CpGZoXBa4VM-00110-00038324-00038811 EP RI Electric Power Research Institute
CpGZoXBa4VM-00111-00038812-00039115 topic universities California State
CpGZoXBa4VM-00112-00039116-00039385 University San Bernardino Colorado
CpGZoXBa4VM-00113-00039386-00039643 School of Mines Georgia Tech Mississippi
CpGZoXBa4VM-00114-00039644-00039852 State University Missouri State
CpGZoXBa4VM-00115-00039853-00040111 University Massachusetts Institute of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00116-00040112-00040435 Technology Ohio State University Oregon
CpGZoXBa4VM-00117-00040436-00040765 State University Texas A&M University
CpGZoXBa4VM-00118-00040766-00040992 University of California at Berkeley
CpGZoXBa4VM-00119-00040993-00041262 University of California Santa Barbara
CpGZoXBa4VM-00120-00041263-00041532 University of Michigan University of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00121-00041533-00042045 wisconsin-madison
CpGZoXBa4VM-00122-00042046-00042608 topic international
CpGZoXBa4VM-00123-00042609-00043016 European nuclear plant life prediction
CpGZoXBa4VM-00124-00043017-00043208 Organisation for Economic Cooperation
CpGZoXBa4VM-00125-00043209-00043676 and Development Halden reactor project
CpGZoXBa4VM-00126-00043677-00043983 International Atomic Energy Agency plant
CpGZoXBa4VM-00127-00043984-00044358 life management international forum for
CpGZoXBa4VM-00128-00044359-00044706 reactor ageing management materials
CpGZoXBa4VM-00129-00044707-00045099 aging Institute nuclear energy agency
CpGZoXBa4VM-00130-00045100-00045284 Committee on the safety of nuclear
CpGZoXBa4VM-00131-00045285-00045621 installation Organization for Economic
CpGZoXBa4VM-00132-00045622-00046206 Cooperation and Development US Argentina
CpGZoXBa4VM-00133-00046207-00046867 by national energy working group
CpGZoXBa4VM-00134-00046868-00047215 topic primary technical areas of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00135-00047216-00047741 research and development
CpGZoXBa4VM-00136-00047742-00048085 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00137-00048086-00048780 topic materials aging and degradation
CpGZoXBa4VM-00138-00048781-00049011 the materials aging and degradation
CpGZoXBa4VM-00139-00049012-00049287 pathway conducts research to develop the
CpGZoXBa4VM-00140-00049288-00049536 scientific basis for understanding and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00141-00049537-00049725 predicting long-term environmental
CpGZoXBa4VM-00142-00049726-00049953 degradation behavior of materials in
CpGZoXBa4VM-00143-00049954-00050292 nuclear power plants provide data and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00144-00050293-00050556 methods to assess performance of systems
CpGZoXBa4VM-00145-00050557-00050840 structures and components essential to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00146-00050841-00051075 safe and sustained nuclear power plant
CpGZoXBa4VM-00147-00051076-00051333 operation providing key input to both
CpGZoXBa4VM-00148-00051334-00051657 regulators and industry
CpGZoXBa4VM-00149-00051658-00052000 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00150-00052001-00052532 topic background
CpGZoXBa4VM-00151-00052533-00052792 nuclear reactors present a very
CpGZoXBa4VM-00152-00052794-00053019 challenging service environment
CpGZoXBa4VM-00153-00053020-00053251 components within the containment of an
CpGZoXBa4VM-00154-00053252-00053486 operating reactor must tolerate high
CpGZoXBa4VM-00155-00053487-00053776 temperature water stress vibration and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00156-00053777-00054142 an intense Neutron field degradation of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00157-00054144-00054355 materials in this environment can lead
CpGZoXBa4VM-00158-00054357-00054613 to reduced performance and in some cases
CpGZoXBa4VM-00159-00054614-00055028 sudden failure clearly the demanding
CpGZoXBa4VM-00160-00055029-00055216 environments of an operating nuclear
CpGZoXBa4VM-00161-00055217-00055472 reactor may impact the ability of a
CpGZoXBa4VM-00162-00055473-00055685 broad range of materials to perform
CpGZoXBa4VM-00163-00055686-00055904 their intended function over extended
CpGZoXBa4VM-00164-00055904-00056251 service periods routine surveillance and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00165-00056252-00056476 repair replacement activities can
CpGZoXBa4VM-00166-00056477-00056707 mitigate the impact of this degradation
CpGZoXBa4VM-00167-00056708-00057100 however failures still occur while all
CpGZoXBa4VM-00168-00057101-00057328 components potentially can be replaced
CpGZoXBa4VM-00169-00057329-00057563 decisions to simply replace components
CpGZoXBa4VM-00170-00057564-00057800 may not be practical or the most
CpGZoXBa4VM-00171-00057801-00058165 economically favorable option therefore
CpGZoXBa4VM-00172-00058166-00058448 understanding controlling and mitigating
CpGZoXBa4VM-00173-00058449-00058688 materials degradation processes and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00174-00058689-00058937 establishing a sound technical basis for
CpGZoXBa4VM-00175-00058938-00059123 long-range planning of necessary
CpGZoXBa4VM-00176-00059124-00059348 replacements our key priorities for
CpGZoXBa4VM-00177-00059349-00059621 extended nuclear powerplants operations
CpGZoXBa4VM-00178-00059622-00059996 and power up rate considerations
CpGZoXBa4VM-00179-00059997-00060339 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00180-00060340-00060916 topic purpose and goals
CpGZoXBa4VM-00181-00060917-00061148 the materials aging and degradation
CpGZoXBa4VM-00182-00061149-00061441 pathway provides research in many areas
CpGZoXBa4VM-00183-00061442-00061694 of materials science and technology all
CpGZoXBa4VM-00184-00061695-00061954 supporting multiple Department of Energy
CpGZoXBa4VM-00185-00061955-00062183 missions and providing unique input to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00186-00062184-00062423 the evaluation of nuclear power plant
CpGZoXBa4VM-00187-00062424-00062594 life extension while complementing
CpGZoXBa4VM-00188-00062595-00062837 research and development efforts of the
CpGZoXBa4VM-00189-00062838-00063152 nuclear industry and regulators the
CpGZoXBa4VM-00190-00063153-00063371 strategic goals of the pathway are to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00191-00063372-00063557 develop the scientific basis for
CpGZoXBa4VM-00192-00063558-00063785 understanding and predicting long-term
CpGZoXBa4VM-00193-00063786-00064004 environmental degradation behavior of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00194-00064004-00064262 materials in nuclear power plants and to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00195-00064263-00064472 provide data and methods to assess
CpGZoXBa4VM-00196-00064473-00064736 performance of systems structures and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00197-00064737-00064946 components essential to safe and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00198-00064947-00065260 sustained nuclear power plant operations
CpGZoXBa4VM-00199-00065261-00065540 the Department of Energy through the
CpGZoXBa4VM-00200-00065541-00065795 materials aging and degradation pathway
CpGZoXBa4VM-00201-00065796-00066002 is involved in this research and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00202-00066003-00066227 development activity to provide improved
CpGZoXBa4VM-00203-00066228-00066434 mechanistic understanding of key
CpGZoXBa4VM-00204-00066435-00066626 degradation modes and sufficient
CpGZoXBa4VM-00205-00066627-00066833 experimental data to provide and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00206-00066834-00067106 validate operational limits provide new
CpGZoXBa4VM-00207-00067107-00067325 methods of monitoring degradation and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00208-00067326-00067562 develop advanced mitigation techniques
CpGZoXBa4VM-00209-00067563-00067748 to provide improved performance
CpGZoXBa4VM-00210-00067749-00068163 reliability and economics
CpGZoXBa4VM-00211-00068164-00068506 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00212-00068507-00068853 topic advanced instrumentation
CpGZoXBa4VM-00213-00068854-00069118 information and control systems
CpGZoXBa4VM-00214-00069119-00069558 technologies
CpGZoXBa4VM-00215-00069559-00069882 the advanced instrumentation information
CpGZoXBa4VM-00216-00069883-00070164 and control systems technologies pathway
CpGZoXBa4VM-00217-00070165-00070428 conducts research to develop demonstrate
CpGZoXBa4VM-00218-00070429-00070694 and deploy new digital technologies for
CpGZoXBa4VM-00219-00070695-00070854 instrumentation and control
CpGZoXBa4VM-00220-00070855-00071061 architectures and provide monitoring
CpGZoXBa4VM-00221-00071062-00071289 capabilities to ensure the continued
CpGZoXBa4VM-00222-00071290-00071598 safe reliable and economic operation of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00223-00071599-00071811 the nation's operating nuclear power
CpGZoXBa4VM-00224-00071812-00072043 plants
CpGZoXBa4VM-00225-00072044-00072361 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00226-00072362-00072692 topic background
CpGZoXBa4VM-00227-00072693-00072878 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00228-00072879-00073221 reliable instrumentation information and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00229-00073222-00073451 control systems technologies are
CpGZoXBa4VM-00230-00073452-00073692 essential to ensuring safe and efficient
CpGZoXBa4VM-00231-00073693-00074076 operation of the u.s. LWR fleet these
CpGZoXBa4VM-00232-00074077-00074325 technologies affect every aspect of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00233-00074326-00074580 nuclear power plant and balance of plant
CpGZoXBa4VM-00234-00074581-00074931 operations current instrumentation and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00235-00074932-00075198 human-machine interfaces employ analog
CpGZoXBa4VM-00236-00075199-00075446 systems in the nuclear power sector
CpGZoXBa4VM-00237-00075447-00075684 these systems though generally
CpGZoXBa4VM-00238-00075685-00075915 considered by other industries to be
CpGZoXBa4VM-00239-00075916-00076149 obsolete continue to function reliably
CpGZoXBa4VM-00240-00076150-00076449 but do not enable utilities to take full
CpGZoXBa4VM-00241-00076450-00076650 advantage of digital technologies to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00242-00076651-00077016 achieve performance gains beyond control
CpGZoXBa4VM-00243-00077017-00077280 systems new technologies are needed to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00244-00077281-00077501 monitor and characterize the effects of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00245-00077502-00077730 aging and degradation in critical areas
CpGZoXBa4VM-00246-00077731-00078088 of key systems structures and components
CpGZoXBa4VM-00247-00078089-00078354 the objective of these efforts is to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00248-00078355-00078609 develop demonstrate and deploy new
CpGZoXBa4VM-00249-00078610-00078843 digital technologies for instrumentation
CpGZoXBa4VM-00250-00078844-00079094 information and control architectures
CpGZoXBa4VM-00251-00079095-00079329 and provide monitoring capabilities to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00252-00079330-00079575 ensure the continued safe reliable and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00253-00079576-00079905 economic operation of the nation's 104
CpGZoXBa4VM-00254-00079906-00080226 nuclear power plants
CpGZoXBa4VM-00255-00080227-00080545 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00256-00080546-00081100 topic purpose and goals
CpGZoXBa4VM-00257-00081101-00081292 the purpose of the advanced
CpGZoXBa4VM-00258-00081293-00081588 instrumentation information and control
CpGZoXBa4VM-00259-00081589-00081825 systems technologies pathway is to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00260-00081826-00082054 enable the modernization of the legacy
CpGZoXBa4VM-00261-00082055-00082285 instrumentation information and control
CpGZoXBa4VM-00262-00082286-00082494 systems in a manner that creates a
CpGZoXBa4VM-00263-00082495-00082662 seamless digital environment
CpGZoXBa4VM-00264-00082663-00082869 encompassing all aspects of plant
CpGZoXBa4VM-00265-00082870-00083103 operations and support building a
CpGZoXBa4VM-00266-00083104-00083256 three-dimensional information
CpGZoXBa4VM-00267-00083257-00083469 architecture that integrates plant
CpGZoXBa4VM-00268-00083470-00083734 systems plant processes and plant
CpGZoXBa4VM-00269-00083735-00083953 workers in an array of interconnected
CpGZoXBa4VM-00270-00083954-00084204 technologies
CpGZoXBa4VM-00271-00084205-00084546 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00272-00084547-00084923 topic risk informed safety margin
CpGZoXBa4VM-00273-00084924-00085348 characterization
CpGZoXBa4VM-00274-00085349-00085601 the risk informed safety margin
CpGZoXBa4VM-00275-00085602-00085798 characterization pathway conducts
CpGZoXBa4VM-00276-00085799-00085962 research to develop and deploy
CpGZoXBa4VM-00277-00085963-00086193 approaches to support the management of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00278-00086194-00086387 uncertainty in safety margins
CpGZoXBa4VM-00279-00086388-00086544 quantification to improve
CpGZoXBa4VM-00280-00086545-00086831 decision-making for nuclear power plants
CpGZoXBa4VM-00281-00086832-00087150 this pathway will one develop and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00282-00087151-00087354 demonstrate a risk assessment method
CpGZoXBa4VM-00283-00087355-00087604 tied to safety margins quantification
CpGZoXBa4VM-00284-00087605-00087894 and to create advanced tools for safety
CpGZoXBa4VM-00285-00087895-00088098 assessment that enable more accurate
CpGZoXBa4VM-00286-00088099-00088315 representation of a nuclear power plant
CpGZoXBa4VM-00287-00088316-00088607 safety margin
CpGZoXBa4VM-00288-00088608-00088925 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00289-00088926-00089270 topic background
CpGZoXBa4VM-00290-00089271-00089445 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00291-00089446-00089666 safety is central to the design
CpGZoXBa4VM-00292-00089667-00089997 licensing operation and economics of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00293-00089998-00090411 nuclear power plants as the current LWR
CpGZoXBa4VM-00294-00090412-00090717 nuclear power plants age beyond 60 years
CpGZoXBa4VM-00295-00090718-00090936 there are possibilities for increased
CpGZoXBa4VM-00296-00090937-00091191 frequency of system structures and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00297-00091192-00091467 components failures that initiate safety
CpGZoXBa4VM-00298-00091468-00091688 significant events reduce existing
CpGZoXBa4VM-00299-00091689-00091953 accident mitigation capabilities or
CpGZoXBa4VM-00300-00091954-00092337 create new failure modes plant designers
CpGZoXBa4VM-00301-00092338-00092724 commonly over design portions of nuclear
CpGZoXBa4VM-00302-00092725-00092973 power plants and provide robustness in
CpGZoXBa4VM-00303-00092974-00093153 the form of redundant and diverse
CpGZoXBa4VM-00304-00093154-00093366 engineered safety features to ensure
CpGZoXBa4VM-00305-00093367-00093591 that even in the case of well beyond
CpGZoXBa4VM-00306-00093592-00093882 design basis scenarios public health and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00307-00093883-00094080 safety will be protected with a very
CpGZoXBa4VM-00308-00094081-00094320 high degree of assurance
CpGZoXBa4VM-00309-00094321-00094584 the ability to better characterize and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00310-00094585-00094815 quantify safety margin holds the key to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00311-00094816-00095106 improved decision-making about LWR
CpGZoXBa4VM-00312-00095107-00095346 design operation and plant life
CpGZoXBa4VM-00313-00095347-00095696 extension a systematic approach to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00314-00095697-00095904 characterization of safety margins
CpGZoXBa4VM-00315-00095905-00096159 represents a vital input to the licensee
CpGZoXBa4VM-00316-00096160-00096348 and regulatory analysis and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00317-00096349-00096651 decision-making that will be involved in
CpGZoXBa4VM-00318-00096652-00096930 addition as research and development in
CpGZoXBa4VM-00319-00096931-00097158 the LW RS program and other
CpGZoXBa4VM-00320-00097159-00097392 collaborative efforts yield new data and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00321-00097393-00097644 improved scientific understanding of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00322-00097645-00097881 physical processes that govern the aging
CpGZoXBa4VM-00323-00097882-00098078 and degradation of plant systems
CpGZoXBa4VM-00324-00098079-00098319 structures and components and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00325-00098320-00098544 concurrently support technological
CpGZoXBa4VM-00326-00098545-00098790 advances in nuclear reactor fuel and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00327-00098791-00099054 plant instrumentation information and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00328-00099055-00099336 control systems needs and opportunities
CpGZoXBa4VM-00329-00099337-00099564 to better optimize plant safety and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00330-00099565-00099887 performance will become known
CpGZoXBa4VM-00331-00099888-00100204 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00332-00100205-00100699 topic purpose
CpGZoXBa4VM-00333-00100700-00100966 the purpose of the risk informed safety
CpGZoXBa4VM-00334-00100967-00101209 margin characterization pathway is to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00335-00101210-00101436 develop and deploy approaches to support
CpGZoXBa4VM-00336-00101437-00101667 the management of uncertainty in safety
CpGZoXBa4VM-00337-00101668-00101874 margins quantification to improve
CpGZoXBa4VM-00338-00101875-00102212 decision-making for nuclear power plants
CpGZoXBa4VM-00339-00102213-00102475 management of uncertainty implies the
CpGZoXBa4VM-00340-00102476-00102802 ability to understand and be control
CpGZoXBa4VM-00341-00102803-00103177 risks related to safety consequently the
CpGZoXBa4VM-00342-00103178-00103503 RI SMC pathway is dedicated to improving
CpGZoXBa4VM-00343-00103504-00103910 both aspects of safety management
CpGZoXBa4VM-00344-00103911-00104254 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00345-00104255-00104607 topic advanced light water reactor
CpGZoXBa4VM-00346-00104608-00105067 nuclear fuels
CpGZoXBa4VM-00347-00105068-00105340 the advanced nuclear fuels pathway
CpGZoXBa4VM-00348-00105341-00105595 conducts research to improve scientific
CpGZoXBa4VM-00349-00105596-00105808 knowledge basis for understanding and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00350-00105808-00106048 predicting fundamental nuclear fuel and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00351-00106049-00106258 cladding performance in nuclear power
CpGZoXBa4VM-00352-00106258-00106579 plants apply this information to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00353-00106580-00106798 development of high performance high
CpGZoXBa4VM-00354-00106799-00106999 burnup fuels with improved safety
CpGZoXBa4VM-00355-00107000-00107293 cladding integrity and improved nuclear
CpGZoXBa4VM-00356-00107294-00107631 fuel cycle economics
CpGZoXBa4VM-00357-00107632-00107950 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00358-00107951-00108460 topic background
CpGZoXBa4VM-00359-00108461-00108689 nuclear fuel performance as a
CpGZoXBa4VM-00360-00108690-00108910 significant driver of nuclear power
CpGZoXBa4VM-00361-00108911-00109189 plant operational performance safety
CpGZoXBa4VM-00362-00109190-00109510 operating economics and waste disposal
CpGZoXBa4VM-00363-00109511-00109735 requirements over the past two decades
CpGZoXBa4VM-00364-00109736-00110045 the nuclear power industry has improved
CpGZoXBa4VM-00365-00110046-00110300 plant capacity factors with incremental
CpGZoXBa4VM-00366-00110301-00110464 improvements achieved in fuel
CpGZoXBa4VM-00367-00110465-00110809 reliability and use or burn up however
CpGZoXBa4VM-00368-00110810-00110999 these upgrades are reaching their
CpGZoXBa4VM-00369-00111000-00111229 maximum achievable impact to achieve
CpGZoXBa4VM-00370-00111230-00111470 significant safety margin improvements
CpGZoXBa4VM-00371-00111471-00111688 while improving operating margins and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00372-00111689-00111938 economics significant steps beyond
CpGZoXBa4VM-00373-00111939-00112148 incremental improvements in the current
CpGZoXBa4VM-00374-00112149-00112468 generation of nuclear fuel are required
CpGZoXBa4VM-00375-00112469-00112724 fundamental changes are required in the
CpGZoXBa4VM-00376-00112725-00112960 areas of nuclear fuel composition
CpGZoXBa4VM-00377-00112961-00113209 cladding integrity and the fuel cladding
CpGZoXBa4VM-00378-00113210-00113456 interaction to reach the next levels of
CpGZoXBa4VM-00379-00113457-00113764 fuel performance the technological
CpGZoXBa4VM-00380-00113765-00113948 improvements being developed in the
CpGZoXBa4VM-00381-00113949-00114257 advanced LWR nuclear fuels pathway
CpGZoXBa4VM-00382-00114258-00114441 Centre on development of revolutionary
CpGZoXBa4VM-00383-00114442-00114743 cladding materials supported by enhanced
CpGZoXBa4VM-00384-00114744-00114974 fuel mechanical designs and alternate
CpGZoXBa4VM-00385-00114975-00115319 fuel compositions if realized the
CpGZoXBa4VM-00386-00115320-00115456 changes would have substantial
CpGZoXBa4VM-00387-00115457-00115697 beneficial improvements in nuclear power
CpGZoXBa4VM-00388-00115698-00116205 plant economics operation and safety
CpGZoXBa4VM-00389-00116206-00116524 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00390-00116525-00117081 topic purpose and goals
CpGZoXBa4VM-00391-00117082-00117447 the advanced LWR nuclear fuels pathway
CpGZoXBa4VM-00392-00117448-00117696 performs research on improving reactor
CpGZoXBa4VM-00393-00117697-00117939 safety increasing fuel economics
CpGZoXBa4VM-00394-00117940-00118203 producing advanced cladding designs and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00395-00118204-00118473 developing enhanced computational models
CpGZoXBa4VM-00396-00118474-00118818 to predict fuel performance strategic
CpGZoXBa4VM-00397-00118819-00119007 research and development goals are
CpGZoXBa4VM-00398-00119008-00119217 directed at improving the scientific
CpGZoXBa4VM-00399-00119218-00119430 knowledge basis for understanding and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00400-00119431-00119646 predicting fundamental nuclear fuel and
CpGZoXBa4VM-00401-00119647-00119871 cladding performance in nuclear power
CpGZoXBa4VM-00402-00119872-00120120 plants and applying the information to
CpGZoXBa4VM-00403-00120121-00120335 development of high performance high
CpGZoXBa4VM-00404-00120336-00120533 burn-up fuels with improved safety
CpGZoXBa4VM-00405-00120534-00120849 cladding integrity and nuclear fuel
CpGZoXBa4VM-00406-00120850-00121211 cycle economics this research is further
CpGZoXBa4VM-00407-00121213-00121401 designed to demonstrate each of the
CpGZoXBa4VM-00408-00121402-00121608 technology advancements while satisfying
CpGZoXBa4VM-00409-00121608-00121890 all safety and regulatory limits through
CpGZoXBa4VM-00410-00121891-00122241 rigorous testing and analysis
CpGZoXBa4VM-00411-00122242-00122607 you
CpGZoXBa4VM-00412-00122608-00123202 topic see also
CpGZoXBa4VM-00413-00123203-00123561 economics of new nuclear power plants
CpGZoXBa4VM-00414-00123563-00123980 Idaho National Laboratory light water
CpGZoXBa4VM-00415-00123981-00124258 reactor
CSaITvihW0A-00000-00000003-00000649 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00001-00000650-00001087 thank you
CSaITvihW0A-00002-00001088-00001573 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00003-00001574-00001895 open open
CSaITvihW0A-00004-00001896-00002489 no my heart is
CSaITvihW0A-00005-00002490-00002760 we all got some danger
CSaITvihW0A-00006-00002761-00003060 I guess that's our nature
CSaITvihW0A-00007-00003061-00003576 we all act like strangers
CSaITvihW0A-00008-00003577-00004033 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00009-00004034-00004379 hidden one we know yeah watch your step
CSaITvihW0A-00010-00004380-00004636 while you're moving though my step in
CSaITvihW0A-00011-00004637-00004764 the pot of gold yeah
CSaITvihW0A-00012-00004765-00005131 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00013-00005132-00005483 don't forget your direction home shine
CSaITvihW0A-00014-00005484-00005693 bright in the face of everything
CSaITvihW0A-00015-00005694-00005951 ugly it's okay
CSaITvihW0A-00016-00005952-00006434 before
CSaITvihW0A-00017-00006436-00007005 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00018-00007006-00007145 [Applause]
CSaITvihW0A-00019-00007147-00007853 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00020-00007854-00008153 can do what I do
CSaITvihW0A-00021-00008154-00008491 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00022-00008492-00008817 okay
CSaITvihW0A-00023-00008818-00009619 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00024-00009620-00009919 we all got some danger
CSaITvihW0A-00025-00009920-00010213 I guess that's our nature
CSaITvihW0A-00026-00010214-00010750 we all act like strangers
CSaITvihW0A-00027-00010751-00011053 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00028-00011054-00011351 that were never affects to me I was
CSaITvihW0A-00029-00011352-00011674 looking for an Unholy matrimony pouring
CSaITvihW0A-00030-00011675-00011945 on the finger of the Cash Money
CSaITvihW0A-00031-00011946-00012173 biggest Flex is they used to trap to me
CSaITvihW0A-00032-00012174-00012431 act like they always had my
CSaITvihW0A-00033-00012432-00012683 belief I would say them but
CSaITvihW0A-00034-00012684-00012922 actually I go thank you for the
CSaITvihW0A-00035-00012923-00013135 motivation
CSaITvihW0A-00036-00013136-00013486 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00037-00013487-00013704 okay
CSaITvihW0A-00038-00013705-00014299 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00039-00014300-00016783 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00040-00016784-00017077 we all got some danger
CSaITvihW0A-00041-00017078-00017358 I guess that's our nature
CSaITvihW0A-00042-00017359-00017909 we all act like strangers
CSaITvihW0A-00043-00017910-00018958 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00044-00018959-00019251 I want you back
CSaITvihW0A-00045-00019252-00020722 [Music]
CSaITvihW0A-00046-00020723-00021064 hey let's try something close your eyes
CSaITvihW0A-00047-00021065-00021301 all right
CVeGZIuML8A-00000-00000078-00000199 yes
CVeGZIuML8A-00001-00000200-00001775 [Music]
CVeGZIuML8A-00002-00001776-00001925 here are the eight steps of how
CVeGZIuML8A-00003-00001926-00002099 brainstorming for building knowledge can
CVeGZIuML8A-00004-00002100-00002302 be accomplished online that I'd love to
CVeGZIuML8A-00005-00002303-00002441 share with you
CVeGZIuML8A-00006-00002442-00002734 step 6 inquire we're on the sixth step
CVeGZIuML8A-00007-00002735-00003017 of our 8-step video tutorial and this is
CVeGZIuML8A-00008-00003018-00003160 where the students are asked to discover
CVeGZIuML8A-00009-00003161-00003377 and to understand the different concepts
CVeGZIuML8A-00010-00003378-00003599 related to the subject by providing them
CVeGZIuML8A-00011-00003600-00003772 with a series of studied and guided
CVeGZIuML8A-00012-00003773-00003940 questions and document support that
CVeGZIuML8A-00013-00003942-00004085 pertain to their level
CVeGZIuML8A-00014-00004086-00004283 the resources you chose to share with
CVeGZIuML8A-00015-00004284-00004469 your students can be sent via schools
CVeGZIuML8A-00016-00004470-00004672 LMS padlet or another online
CVeGZIuML8A-00017-00004673-00004936 communication platform the documents
CVeGZIuML8A-00018-00004937-00005165 should be diverse updated Visual and
CVeGZIuML8A-00019-00005166-00005345 relatable to add some food for thought
CVeGZIuML8A-00020-00005346-00005518 along with clear instructions in order
CVeGZIuML8A-00021-00005519-00005686 to allow your students to make their own
CVeGZIuML8A-00022-00005687-00005801 synthesis
CVeGZIuML8A-00023-00005802-00006004 need help with questions you can use
CVeGZIuML8A-00024-00006005-00006268 Google forms for that they're great
CVeGZIuML8A-00025-00006269-00006496 tip of the day Empower their potential
CVeGZIuML8A-00026-00006497-00007037 to inquire and analyze
CVeGZIuML8A-00027-00007038-00007177 foreign
CVeGZIuML8A-00028-00007178-00007887 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00000-00000059-00000275 and hopefully
CWEzMeYOR0c-00001-00000276-00000467 I should save it actually that would
CWEzMeYOR0c-00002-00000468-00000815 make sense because then I don't have to
CWEzMeYOR0c-00003-00000816-00000958 have to do my life just start over
CWEzMeYOR0c-00004-00000959-00001204 that's all it is okay
CWEzMeYOR0c-00005-00001205-00001499 so hopefully this is recording
CWEzMeYOR0c-00006-00001500-00001967 not and I did get the first part
CWEzMeYOR0c-00007-00001968-00002302 I'll be able to
CWEzMeYOR0c-00008-00002303-00002560 record this
CWEzMeYOR0c-00009-00002561-00002795 and if I didn't get the first part I'll
CWEzMeYOR0c-00010-00002796-00002957 just start over and it will be sleep
CWEzMeYOR0c-00011-00002958-00003293 slightly that's cool
CWEzMeYOR0c-00012-00003294-00003472 but I'll get every secret on the first
CWEzMeYOR0c-00013-00003473-00003811 level so that's kind of cool
CWEzMeYOR0c-00014-00003811-00004115 I can do 100 run even though I have no
CWEzMeYOR0c-00015-00004116-00004649 idea where 100 of the secrets are
CWEzMeYOR0c-00016-00004650-00004822 there's no way to check I don't think
CWEzMeYOR0c-00017-00004823-00005104 that sucks so you can't tell him let's
CWEzMeYOR0c-00018-00005105-00005979 see
CWEzMeYOR0c-00019-00005980-00006211 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00020-00006212-00006550 I love this game I love how easy those
CWEzMeYOR0c-00021-00006551-00006701 guys die
CWEzMeYOR0c-00022-00006702-00007067 shotgun across the map just felt so
CWEzMeYOR0c-00023-00007068-00007396 badass it still feels badass that's the
CWEzMeYOR0c-00024-00007397-00007841 greatest part
CWEzMeYOR0c-00025-00007842-00008231 if you still get that feeling you had
CWEzMeYOR0c-00026-00008232-00008699 [__] however many years ago
CWEzMeYOR0c-00027-00008700-00009107 was it 20 years it seems like it was
CWEzMeYOR0c-00028-00009108-00009395 fun no it's probably like
CWEzMeYOR0c-00029-00009396-00009724 10 won this game came out maybe
CWEzMeYOR0c-00030-00009725-00009910 seven one the first I don't know I
CWEzMeYOR0c-00031-00009911-00010042 really have no idea
CWEzMeYOR0c-00032-00010043-00010289 but I was [__] young it was over a
CWEzMeYOR0c-00033-00010290-00010378 decade
CWEzMeYOR0c-00034-00010379-00010889 probably close to two decades
CWEzMeYOR0c-00035-00010890-00011264 this game is [__] amazing
CWEzMeYOR0c-00036-00011265-00011614 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00037-00011615-00011795 I'm about to have a heart attack
CWEzMeYOR0c-00038-00011796-00011951 well that's not my heart that's the
CWEzMeYOR0c-00039-00011952-00012245 other side of it just
CWEzMeYOR0c-00040-00012246-00012952 not a good feeling
CWEzMeYOR0c-00041-00012953-00013561 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00042-00013562-00013878 oh my God
CWEzMeYOR0c-00043-00013879-00014185 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00044-00014186-00014491 someone shooting him
CWEzMeYOR0c-00045-00014491-00014821 that's a terrible [__]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00046-00014822-00016655 hi [__]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00047-00016656-00016955 is he dead
CWEzMeYOR0c-00048-00016956-00017171 really
CWEzMeYOR0c-00049-00017172-00017543 really how do I okay no I can't
CWEzMeYOR0c-00050-00017544-00017777 [__] away
CWEzMeYOR0c-00051-00017778-00018058 [__] [__] you I'm driving down I don't
CWEzMeYOR0c-00052-00018059-00018930 give a [__] you're getting annoying
CWEzMeYOR0c-00053-00018931-00019385 One Life to Live can't let a day go
CWEzMeYOR0c-00054-00019386-00019685 blah without me getting high fresh to
CWEzMeYOR0c-00055-00019686-00020249 death
CWEzMeYOR0c-00056-00020250-00020458 come on come on come on
CWEzMeYOR0c-00057-00020459-00021791 Leon
CWEzMeYOR0c-00058-00021792-00022121 she said all it was
CWEzMeYOR0c-00059-00022122-00022391 going
CWEzMeYOR0c-00060-00022392-00022625 so now I can't play anymore
CWEzMeYOR0c-00061-00022626-00022925 sucks
CWEzMeYOR0c-00062-00022926-00024191 soccer jokes
CWEzMeYOR0c-00063-00024192-00024547 brackets
CWEzMeYOR0c-00064-00024548-00024850 2 ammo actually I do have ammo for it
CWEzMeYOR0c-00065-00024851-00025121 that's cool I hear something up here
CWEzMeYOR0c-00066-00025122-00025241 again huh
CWEzMeYOR0c-00067-00025242-00025558 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00068-00025559-00025828 I don't remember where to go
CWEzMeYOR0c-00069-00025829-00026050 do have to pee
CWEzMeYOR0c-00070-00026051-00026345 I Am timing this one
CWEzMeYOR0c-00071-00026345-00026512 five minutes left I'll hold it in for
CWEzMeYOR0c-00072-00026513-00026681 five minutes
CWEzMeYOR0c-00073-00026682-00026896 and I'll regret this for the rest of my
CWEzMeYOR0c-00074-00026897-00027100 life
CWEzMeYOR0c-00075-00027101-00027467 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00076-00027468-00027718 I don't recommend it
CWEzMeYOR0c-00077-00027719-00028390 not recommend it
CWEzMeYOR0c-00078-00028391-00028612 I think this is why I started drawing
CWEzMeYOR0c-00079-00028613-00029020 stuff like this
CWEzMeYOR0c-00080-00029022-00029362 it was doom doom made me
CWEzMeYOR0c-00081-00029363-00029523 into the artist I am
CWEzMeYOR0c-00082-00029524-00029837 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00083-00029838-00030607 what do you know
CWEzMeYOR0c-00084-00030608-00031114 I didn't realize it until just now
CWEzMeYOR0c-00085-00031116-00031337 gotta be like
CWEzMeYOR0c-00086-00031338-00031564 I definitely saw some gore
CWEzMeYOR0c-00087-00031566-00031846 before Doom
CWEzMeYOR0c-00088-00031847-00032170 but
CWEzMeYOR0c-00089-00032172-00032351 is getting annoying
CWEzMeYOR0c-00090-00032352-00032620 map I keep forgetting this Maps oh I
CWEzMeYOR0c-00091-00032622-00033202 forget I can move in the map too
CWEzMeYOR0c-00092-00033203-00034135 can't get through there whatever it is
CWEzMeYOR0c-00093-00034136-00034385 this is awesome
CWEzMeYOR0c-00094-00034386-00034709 what are these though
CWEzMeYOR0c-00095-00034710-00035231 so that's just more of those and
CWEzMeYOR0c-00096-00035232-00035471 see what Sprint looks like
CWEzMeYOR0c-00097-00035472-00035740 all these [__] that's awesome
CWEzMeYOR0c-00098-00035741-00035983 there's nothing there there's a door
CWEzMeYOR0c-00099-00035984-00036221 door for here where I need to go
CWEzMeYOR0c-00100-00036222-00036431 actually
CWEzMeYOR0c-00101-00036432-00036746 oh there it is
CWEzMeYOR0c-00102-00036747-00036895 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00103-00036896-00037014 [Applause]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00104-00037015-00037609 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00105-00037610-00038070 oh I missed
CWEzMeYOR0c-00106-00038071-00038201 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00107-00038202-00038639 it
CWEzMeYOR0c-00108-00038640-00038957 only five am over the Rockets really
CWEzMeYOR0c-00109-00038958-00039408 it's messed up man it's the most fun gun
CWEzMeYOR0c-00110-00039409-00039568 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00111-00039569-00041527 I guess that's all there is over here
CWEzMeYOR0c-00112-00041528-00042077 I forgot I was gonna do a speed run
CWEzMeYOR0c-00113-00042078-00042245 I don't know if this can speed up
CWEzMeYOR0c-00114-00042246-00042696 anymore
CWEzMeYOR0c-00115-00042697-00043043 it's plasma cells
CWEzMeYOR0c-00116-00043044-00043474 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00117-00043475-00043927 I hear some of those invisible things
CWEzMeYOR0c-00118-00043928-00044185 I don't see him over here
CWEzMeYOR0c-00119-00044186-00044489 oh [__]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00120-00044490-00044837 oh there he is
CWEzMeYOR0c-00121-00044838-00045565 [__] off
CWEzMeYOR0c-00122-00045566-00046355 boom boom
CWEzMeYOR0c-00123-00046356-00047521 [Applause]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00124-00047522-00047867 I'm not joking
CWEzMeYOR0c-00125-00047868-00048485 well at all holy crap
CWEzMeYOR0c-00126-00048486-00049018 oh I still got
CWEzMeYOR0c-00127-00049019-00049474 um no no this is a terrible choice
CWEzMeYOR0c-00128-00049475-00050411 this is milk on a hot day
CWEzMeYOR0c-00129-00050412-00050849 oh that's great
CWEzMeYOR0c-00130-00050850-00051232 no no
CWEzMeYOR0c-00131-00051233-00052980 foreign
CWEzMeYOR0c-00132-00052982-00054282 [Music]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00133-00054283-00054588 I'm not sure what that did
CWEzMeYOR0c-00134-00054589-00054826 Oh I thought this was coming down on me
CWEzMeYOR0c-00135-00054827-00054961 for a second
CWEzMeYOR0c-00136-00054962-00055411 ah you [__]
CWEzMeYOR0c-00137-00055412-00055829 how do I huh
CWEzMeYOR0c-00138-00055829-00056213 I'm confused what is that
CWEzMeYOR0c-00139-00056214-00056471 still do that
CWEzMeYOR0c-00140-00056472-00056842 let's see what that did at all
CWEzMeYOR0c-00141-00056844-00057241 I'm still down
CWEzMeYOR0c-00142-00057241-00057635 he's still over here
CWEzMeYOR0c-00143-00057636-00058492 I think I need it
CWEzMeYOR0c-00144-00058494-00059575 sure I'm going to killing these things
CWEzMeYOR0c-00145-00059576-00059885 man this is terrible
CWEzMeYOR0c-00146-00059886-00060065 let's give it one shot
CWEzMeYOR0c-00147-00060066-00060349 I'll do it over here
CWEzMeYOR0c-00148-00060350-00060719 didn't work time to go back upstairs I
CWEzMeYOR0c-00149-00060720-00061597 think I need to lift something up
CWEzMeYOR0c-00150-00061598-00061949 next time after I take a piss
CWEzMeYOR0c-00151-00061950-00062171 um not making another Dragon Ball Z Joe
CWEzMeYOR0c-00152-00062172-00062326 come on
CWEzMeYOR0c-00153-00062327-00062564 damn
CYPFeW59tRk-00000-00000000-00000236 foreign
CYPFeW59tRk-00002-00003588-00004337 foreign
CYPFeW59tRk-00003-00004338-00004996 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00004-00004997-00006333 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00005-00006334-00006869 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00006-00006870-00007312 thank you
CYPFeW59tRk-00007-00007313-00008327 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00008-00008328-00009301 thank you
CYPFeW59tRk-00009-00009302-00010743 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00010-00010744-00012464 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00011-00012465-00013819 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00012-00013819-00014521 thank you
CYPFeW59tRk-00013-00014522-00015384 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00014-00015385-00015805 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00015-00015806-00016200 cool
CYPFeW59tRk-00016-00016201-00016560 yummy delicious
CYPFeW59tRk-00017-00016561-00017392 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00018-00017393-00018269 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00019-00018270-00019744 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00020-00019745-00020184 foreign
CYPFeW59tRk-00021-00020185-00020220 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00022-00020221-00021173 [Applause]
CYPFeW59tRk-00023-00021174-00023719 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00024-00023720-00023947 thank you
CYPFeW59tRk-00025-00023948-00024799 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00026-00024800-00027481 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00027-00027482-00028105 thank you
CYPFeW59tRk-00028-00028106-00028939 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00029-00028939-00029405 thank you
CYPFeW59tRk-00030-00029406-00030364 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00031-00030366-00030527 foreign
CYPFeW59tRk-00032-00030529-00031805 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00033-00031806-00033459 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00034-00033460-00034309 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00035-00034310-00035871 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00036-00035872-00036704 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00037-00036705-00036912 [Music]
CYPFeW59tRk-00038-00036913-00037229 thank you
CYPFeW59tRk-00039-00037230-00037530 foreign
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00000-00000006-00000433 foreign
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00001-00000434-00002184 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00002-00002185-00002525 the park
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00003-00002526-00002987 all the moon at night
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00004-00002988-00003383 without a single word
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00005-00003384-00003899 I knew I love was right
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00006-00003900-00004385 I felt her hot breath get near
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00007-00004386-00004817 when she nibbled on my ear
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00008-00004818-00005279 that I saw her face
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00009-00005280-00005560 come into the lights
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00010-00005561-00005843 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00011-00005844-00006268 she's my werewolf girlfriend it was love
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00012-00006269-00006469 at first bite
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00013-00006470-00006727 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00014-00006728-00007170 she's my werewolf girlfriend she's only
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00015-00007172-00007433 dangerous at night
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00016-00007434-00007591 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00017-00007592-00008056 she's still a facts to me even though
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00018-00008058-00008645 she has like catrapy
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00019-00008646-00009037 my werewolf girlfriend
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00020-00009038-00009217 and me
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00021-00009218-00009917 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00022-00009918-00010037 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00023-00010038-00010058 thank you
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00024-00010059-00011345 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00025-00011346-00011591 every month
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00026-00011592-00012155 she has a womanly change
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00027-00012156-00012635 but instead of getting grumpy she
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00028-00012636-00012874 suffers from the mange
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00029-00012875-00013038 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00030-00013040-00013493 I don't need to buy her first
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00031-00013494-00014099 the best in the world is already hers
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00032-00014100-00014861 her manicures are out of my price range
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00033-00014862-00015299 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00034-00015300-00016127 was love at first bite
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00035-00016128-00016722 friend she's only a dangerous at night
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00036-00016723-00017386 ooh she's still a fox to me
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00037-00017387-00017743 it repeat
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00038-00017744-00018229 my werewolf girlfriend
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00039-00018230-00018503 and me
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00040-00018504-00019253 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00041-00019254-00019577 it's very dangerous when we fight
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00042-00019578-00020093 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00043-00020094-00020393 it's really strange when we kiss
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00044-00020394-00020490 goodnight
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00045-00020491-00021130 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00046-00021131-00021364 it's my pack
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00047-00021365-00021939 I need more hair on my back
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00048-00021940-00022457 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00049-00022458-00022811 she's allergic to Silver so I buy her
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00050-00022812-00022976 gold
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00051-00022977-00023225 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00052-00023226-00023530 I know she's healthy
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00053-00023531-00024011 when her nose is cold
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00054-00024012-00024280 I know our love will never
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00055-00024281-00024725 will never fail when she starts to wag
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00056-00024726-00025092 her tail
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00057-00025093-00025849 waiting by the door when I get home
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00058-00025850-00026279 oh she's my werewolf girlfriend it was
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00059-00026280-00026711 love at first bite
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00060-00026712-00027127 foreign
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00061-00027127-00027737 she's only a dangerous at night
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00062-00027738-00028199 she stood a fox to me even though she
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00063-00028200-00028714 has like anthropy
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00064-00028716-00029124 my werewolf girlfriend
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00065-00029125-00029366 and me
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00066-00029367-00029620 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00067-00029622-00030096 my werewolf girlfriend
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00068-00030097-00030299 and me
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00069-00030300-00030393 [Music]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00070-00030394-00030772 [Applause]
Ca0YxnCgcRM-00071-00030773-00031095 [Music]
CdmRIqIdw28-00000-00000239-00000366 and it is now
CdmRIqIdw28-00001-00000367-00000734 803 a.m and i hope that
CdmRIqIdw28-00002-00000735-00001047 the latecomers have arrived in time
CdmRIqIdw28-00003-00001048-00001391 to see all of this because we're going
CdmRIqIdw28-00004-00001392-00001487 to start by
CdmRIqIdw28-00005-00001488-00001798 solving exponential equations first the
CdmRIqIdw28-00006-00001800-00002007 very basic ones
CdmRIqIdw28-00007-00002007-00002263 and then the the more difficult ones
CdmRIqIdw28-00008-00002264-00002463 although you're going to notice
CdmRIqIdw28-00009-00002464-00002742 that solving exponential functions is
CdmRIqIdw28-00010-00002743-00002807 much
CdmRIqIdw28-00011-00002808-00003055 easier than solving logarithmic
CdmRIqIdw28-00012-00003056-00003206 functions because
CdmRIqIdw28-00013-00003207-00003447 you have to know all those rules of
CdmRIqIdw28-00014-00003447-00003606 logarithms
CdmRIqIdw28-00015-00003607-00003990 to solve a logarithmic equation
CdmRIqIdw28-00016-00003992-00004215 then we'll take a break then we'll do
CdmRIqIdw28-00017-00004216-00004375 the word problems
CdmRIqIdw28-00018-00004376-00004783 which will take up the rest of the day
CdmRIqIdw28-00019-00004784-00005086 our time together um
CdmRIqIdw28-00020-00005087-00006486 okay all right so let's do this
CdmRIqIdw28-00021-00006487-00006710 problem number one and your homework is
CdmRIqIdw28-00022-00006711-00007383 a good way to start
CdmRIqIdw28-00023-00007384-00007870 three to the five x
CdmRIqIdw28-00024-00007872-00008183 minus seven equals
CdmRIqIdw28-00025-00008184-00008542 nine there are two ways to do this
CdmRIqIdw28-00026-00008543-00008814 there's an easier way and then there's
CdmRIqIdw28-00027-00008815-00008855 the
CdmRIqIdw28-00028-00008856-00009110 basic method for solving exponential
CdmRIqIdw28-00029-00009111-00009383 equations we're going to do it both ways
CdmRIqIdw28-00030-00009384-00009695 because sometimes you get lucky like
CdmRIqIdw28-00031-00009696-00009791 here
CdmRIqIdw28-00032-00009792-00010063 for instance you know everybody knows
CdmRIqIdw28-00033-00010064-00010438 that nine is three to the second power
CdmRIqIdw28-00034-00010439-00010671 i mean that is definitely not rocket
CdmRIqIdw28-00035-00010672-00010823 science
CdmRIqIdw28-00036-00010824-00011191 so the easiest way to do this
CdmRIqIdw28-00037-00011192-00011638 is to say c of 3 to the 5x minus 7
CdmRIqIdw28-00038-00011639-00012023 equals 3 to the second power
CdmRIqIdw28-00039-00012024-00012414 i mean duh and if the bases are the same
CdmRIqIdw28-00040-00012415-00012846 the exponents have to be the same right
CdmRIqIdw28-00041-00012847-00013199 so five x
CdmRIqIdw28-00042-00013200-00013815 minus seven equals two
CdmRIqIdw28-00043-00013816-00014111 all right now all we have to do is solve
CdmRIqIdw28-00044-00014112-00014335 this equation
CdmRIqIdw28-00045-00014336-00014935 plus seven plus seven
CdmRIqIdw28-00046-00014936-00015327 so five x equals
CdmRIqIdw28-00047-00015328-00015630 nine and
CdmRIqIdw28-00048-00015631-00015894 x is going to equal if we divide both
CdmRIqIdw28-00049-00015895-00015966 sides by
CdmRIqIdw28-00050-00015968-00016439 five
CdmRIqIdw28-00051-00016440-00017230 x equals nine fifths
CdmRIqIdw28-00052-00017231-00017575 that is the easy way to do it
CdmRIqIdw28-00053-00017576-00018167 in my opinion easy way
CdmRIqIdw28-00054-00018168-00018391 you understand rarely are you lucky
CdmRIqIdw28-00055-00018392-00018622 enough to have
CdmRIqIdw28-00056-00018623-00019086 a relationship like that going on
CdmRIqIdw28-00057-00019087-00019358 but anyway now let's use the basic
CdmRIqIdw28-00058-00019359-00019494 method for solving
CdmRIqIdw28-00059-00019495-00019886 exponential equations
CdmRIqIdw28-00060-00019887-00020135 and this is the main method we're going
CdmRIqIdw28-00061-00020136-00020286 to use for solving
CdmRIqIdw28-00062-00020287-00021207 all exponential equations
CdmRIqIdw28-00063-00021208-00021527 here we go we are going to take
CdmRIqIdw28-00064-00021528-00022750 the log of both sides
CdmRIqIdw28-00065-00022751-00023094 y well one
CdmRIqIdw28-00066-00023095-00023439 the logarithmic function is the inverse
CdmRIqIdw28-00067-00023440-00023663 of the exponential function
CdmRIqIdw28-00068-00023664-00024103 two the arithmetic of logarithms
CdmRIqIdw28-00069-00024104-00024671 says we can take this exponent
CdmRIqIdw28-00070-00024672-00025014 and bring it down
CdmRIqIdw28-00071-00025015-00025255 i can't solve for x as long as it's up
CdmRIqIdw28-00072-00025256-00025375 there
CdmRIqIdw28-00073-00025376-00025631 even over here i had to end up bringing
CdmRIqIdw28-00074-00025632-00025934 it down
CdmRIqIdw28-00075-00025935-00026502 so given the arithmetic of logarithms
CdmRIqIdw28-00076-00026504-00026958 we now will have five x
CdmRIqIdw28-00077-00026960-00027607 minus seven times the log of three
CdmRIqIdw28-00078-00027608-00027846 and what is the base in case you've
CdmRIqIdw28-00079-00027847-00027927 slept since
CdmRIqIdw28-00080-00027927-00028270 last week when you don't see a base down
CdmRIqIdw28-00081-00028272-00028390 here the base is
CdmRIqIdw28-00082-00028391-00028767 10 it doesn't really play into anything
CdmRIqIdw28-00083-00028768-00028943 here
CdmRIqIdw28-00084-00028944-00029614 but i thought i'd mention it
CdmRIqIdw28-00085-00029616-00030014 there now okay
CdmRIqIdw28-00086-00030016-00030814 i am going to
CdmRIqIdw28-00087-00030816-00031023 okay because you need to get ready for
CdmRIqIdw28-00088-00031024-00031143 what we're going to do
CdmRIqIdw28-00089-00031144-00031414 a little bit later in solving
CdmRIqIdw28-00090-00031416-00031727 exponential and logarithmic equations
CdmRIqIdw28-00091-00031727-00031999 the log 3 is just a number if you put it
CdmRIqIdw28-00092-00032000-00032239 in your calculator you'll get a number
CdmRIqIdw28-00093-00032239-00032502 it's an ugly decimal but it's still just
CdmRIqIdw28-00094-00032503-00032670 a number
CdmRIqIdw28-00095-00032672-00033031 so i'm going to apply log 3 to both of
CdmRIqIdw28-00096-00033032-00033231 these terms that is i'm going to
CdmRIqIdw28-00097-00033232-00033479 distribute
CdmRIqIdw28-00098-00033480-00033823 so i'll have 5
CdmRIqIdw28-00099-00033824-00034455 x times log three
CdmRIqIdw28-00100-00034456-00035279 minus seven log three
CdmRIqIdw28-00101-00035280-00035911 equals log 9
CdmRIqIdw28-00102-00035912-00036959 equals log 9.
CdmRIqIdw28-00103-00036960-00037271 okay i look for all my terms that have x
CdmRIqIdw28-00104-00037272-00037318 because
CdmRIqIdw28-00105-00037319-00037671 remember in all this log stuff going on
CdmRIqIdw28-00106-00037672-00038230 it's x i'm trying to find
CdmRIqIdw28-00107-00038231-00038502 okay so this is just a number 7 times
CdmRIqIdw28-00108-00038503-00038630 log 3
CdmRIqIdw28-00109-00038631-00038943 is just a number i'm going to add that
CdmRIqIdw28-00110-00038944-00039199 over to the other side so that i can
CdmRIqIdw28-00111-00039200-00039302 isolate my
CdmRIqIdw28-00112-00039303-00039615 x term
CdmRIqIdw28-00113-00039616-00040111 plus 7 log 3.
CdmRIqIdw28-00114-00040112-00040343 see this is much harder than that right
CdmRIqIdw28-00115-00040344-00040471 you want to do this
CdmRIqIdw28-00116-00040472-00041015 when you can most of the time you can't
CdmRIqIdw28-00117-00041016-00041327 equals no i don't put equals there
CdmRIqIdw28-00118-00041328-00041623 but i do put a plus sign there i'm going
CdmRIqIdw28-00119-00041624-00041695 to add
CdmRIqIdw28-00120-00041696-00042083 over here i'm going to add over
CdmRIqIdw28-00121-00042084-00042687 here
CdmRIqIdw28-00122-00042688-00043230 okay
CdmRIqIdw28-00123-00043231-00043535 now these zero out
CdmRIqIdw28-00124-00043536-00043807 leaving me with all right 5 is just a
CdmRIqIdw28-00125-00043808-00043871 number
CdmRIqIdw28-00126-00043872-00044190 log 3 is just a number it's customary to
CdmRIqIdw28-00127-00044191-00044223 put
CdmRIqIdw28-00128-00044224-00044495 numbers in front of the x so that's what
CdmRIqIdw28-00129-00044496-00044727 i'm going to do
CdmRIqIdw28-00130-00044728-00045599 5 log 3.
CdmRIqIdw28-00131-00045600-00045911 times x equals
CdmRIqIdw28-00132-00045912-00046423 log nine
CdmRIqIdw28-00133-00046424-00047207 plus log three of seven log three
CdmRIqIdw28-00134-00047208-00047439 now i'm going to divide both sides by
CdmRIqIdw28-00135-00047440-00047615 five times
CdmRIqIdw28-00136-00047616-00049023 log three
CdmRIqIdw28-00137-00049024-00049399 now if we were just finding the exact
CdmRIqIdw28-00138-00049400-00049735 answer this would kind of sort of
CdmRIqIdw28-00139-00049736-00050239 be the exact answer
CdmRIqIdw28-00140-00050240-00050446 however remember we're going to be
CdmRIqIdw28-00141-00050447-00050718 putting this in the calculator
CdmRIqIdw28-00142-00050719-00051079 so we have to try to make this easy
CdmRIqIdw28-00143-00051080-00051350 on the calculator and this is a great
CdmRIqIdw28-00144-00051351-00051446 way to review
CdmRIqIdw28-00145-00051447-00051790 all the arithmetic of logarithms
CdmRIqIdw28-00146-00051791-00052094 so let me make sure that i haven't done
CdmRIqIdw28-00147-00052095-00052479 anything wrong so far
CdmRIqIdw28-00148-00052479-00052903 and no
CdmRIqIdw28-00149-00052904-00053254 i have not okay let's look at the
CdmRIqIdw28-00150-00053255-00053566 enumerator here
CdmRIqIdw28-00151-00053567-00053754 log of nine
CdmRIqIdw28-00152-00053755-00053991 [Music]
CdmRIqIdw28-00153-00053991-00054303 plus seven times
CdmRIqIdw28-00154-00054304-00054775 log three
CdmRIqIdw28-00155-00054776-00054950 now all of us want to make fewer
CdmRIqIdw28-00156-00054951-00055207 mistakes on the calculator
CdmRIqIdw28-00157-00055208-00055519 so it's important that we use the uh the
CdmRIqIdw28-00158-00055520-00055775 properties of logarithms the arithmetic
CdmRIqIdw28-00159-00055776-00056082 of logarithms that we talked about last
CdmRIqIdw28-00160-00056083-00056303 week
CdmRIqIdw28-00161-00056304-00056671 and this is a good way to review
CdmRIqIdw28-00162-00056672-00057430 the power rule
CdmRIqIdw28-00163-00057432-00057959 tells me that i can take this seven
CdmRIqIdw28-00164-00057960-00058263 and put it up in the exponent
CdmRIqIdw28-00165-00058264-00058575 position okay
CdmRIqIdw28-00166-00058576-00059007 i'm gonna do that log
CdmRIqIdw28-00167-00059008-00059326 nine now notice this
CdmRIqIdw28-00168-00059327-00059719 plus wait a minute don't notice it yet
CdmRIqIdw28-00169-00059720-00060159 three to the seventh
CdmRIqIdw28-00170-00060160-00060382 notice that the power rule says we can
CdmRIqIdw28-00171-00060383-00060559 bring down
CdmRIqIdw28-00172-00060560-00060887 the exponent when it's needed
CdmRIqIdw28-00173-00060888-00061215 and then we can put a number
CdmRIqIdw28-00174-00061216-00061742 in front of the log up as an exponent
CdmRIqIdw28-00175-00061744-00062030 so this is a very good rule now i have
CdmRIqIdw28-00176-00062032-00062279 the log of nine plus the log of three to
CdmRIqIdw28-00177-00062279-00062535 the seventh power
CdmRIqIdw28-00178-00062536-00064038 so i'm going to use the product rule
CdmRIqIdw28-00179-00064039-00064471 to change this
CdmRIqIdw28-00180-00064472-00064887 to this log
CdmRIqIdw28-00181-00064888-00065079 i'm going to move it down so it's very
CdmRIqIdw28-00182-00065079-00065535 visible
CdmRIqIdw28-00183-00065536-00065894 log
CdmRIqIdw28-00184-00065895-00066255 of nine times
CdmRIqIdw28-00185-00066256-00067015 three to the seventh
CdmRIqIdw28-00186-00067016-00067647 that's what the product rule lets me do
CdmRIqIdw28-00187-00067648-00067991 well why is that any good well
CdmRIqIdw28-00188-00067992-00068350 give me time i'll tell ya
CdmRIqIdw28-00189-00068351-00068535 let's see if we can get a decent number
CdmRIqIdw28-00190-00068536-00068759 that doesn't go out to scientific
CdmRIqIdw28-00191-00068760-00068919 notation
CdmRIqIdw28-00192-00068920-00069271 nine times three
CdmRIqIdw28-00193-00069272-00069638 carat seven
CdmRIqIdw28-00194-00069639-00069982 well it's a number 19683
CdmRIqIdw28-00195-00069983-00070175 i don't like it because i hate big
CdmRIqIdw28-00196-00070176-00070287 numbers
CdmRIqIdw28-00197-00070288-00070679 but let us let us go with it
CdmRIqIdw28-00198-00070680-00071143 try not to panic
CdmRIqIdw28-00199-00071144-00071511 that's what this is up here
CdmRIqIdw28-00200-00071512-00072126 this is the log the numerator is the log
CdmRIqIdw28-00201-00072127-00072487 of one nine six eight
CdmRIqIdw28-00202-00072488-00072871 three divided by
CdmRIqIdw28-00203-00072872-00073182 now let's look at the denominator
CdmRIqIdw28-00204-00073183-00073775 five times log three
CdmRIqIdw28-00205-00073776-00074831 if i use the power rule again
CdmRIqIdw28-00206-00074832-00075511 um this 5 will go up here
CdmRIqIdw28-00207-00075512-00075999 and become a power log
CdmRIqIdw28-00208-00076000-00076511 of three to the fifth
CdmRIqIdw28-00209-00076512-00076662 well let's see what three to the fifth
CdmRIqIdw28-00210-00076663-00076862 is
CdmRIqIdw28-00211-00076863-00077335 three carat 5
CdmRIqIdw28-00212-00077336-00077638 is 243 so this is the log
CdmRIqIdw28-00213-00077639-00078326 of 2 43.
CdmRIqIdw28-00214-00078327-00078623 now let's go back here if you put that
CdmRIqIdw28-00215-00078624-00078855 in your calculator and then divide by
CdmRIqIdw28-00216-00078856-00078911 that
CdmRIqIdw28-00217-00078912-00079119 i promise you won't get the right answer
CdmRIqIdw28-00218-00079120-00079262 i promise promise
CdmRIqIdw28-00219-00079263-00079582 promise you have to simplify it for the
CdmRIqIdw28-00220-00079583-00079743 calculator
CdmRIqIdw28-00221-00079744-00080055 who the calculator is not
CdmRIqIdw28-00222-00080056-00080455 as smart as it pretends to be
CdmRIqIdw28-00223-00080456-00080687 it depends on our keystrokes and if we
CdmRIqIdw28-00224-00080688-00080926 make even a little bitty wrong
CdmRIqIdw28-00225-00080927-00081247 keystroke even though we didn't mean to
CdmRIqIdw28-00226-00081248-00081503 even though it doesn't seem wrong we're
CdmRIqIdw28-00227-00081504-00081703 not going to get the right answer
CdmRIqIdw28-00228-00081704-00081894 now we're more likely to get the right
CdmRIqIdw28-00229-00081895-00082111 answer even though it was
CdmRIqIdw28-00230-00082112-00082447 more trouble so x
CdmRIqIdw28-00231-00082448-00082718 is going to equal and what i'm going to
CdmRIqIdw28-00232-00082719-00082799 put
CdmRIqIdw28-00233-00082800-00083047 in my calculator is this that's right
CdmRIqIdw28-00234-00083048-00084167 down here i'll put log 243.
CdmRIqIdw28-00235-00084168-00084479 okay come over here
CdmRIqIdw28-00236-00084480-00084679 double check make sure i typed all that
CdmRIqIdw28-00237-00084680-00084982 right 19683
CdmRIqIdw28-00238-00084983-00085375 243 okay got it
CdmRIqIdw28-00239-00085376-00085823 here we go log click the log button
CdmRIqIdw28-00240-00085824-00086215 one nine six
CdmRIqIdw28-00241-00086216-00086567 eight three close
CdmRIqIdw28-00242-00086568-00086847 parentheses or i promise you won't get
CdmRIqIdw28-00243-00086848-00087150 the right number
CdmRIqIdw28-00244-00087151-00087535 divide log
CdmRIqIdw28-00245-00087536-00088006 243
CdmRIqIdw28-00246-00088007-00088471 enter 1.8
CdmRIqIdw28-00247-00088472-00088750 uh let's math frack it because remember
CdmRIqIdw28-00248-00088751-00089159 we got a fraction over here
CdmRIqIdw28-00249-00089160-00089655 um um um math frac is down here math
CdmRIqIdw28-00250-00089656-00090582 frag enter ah nine fifths
CdmRIqIdw28-00251-00090583-00090959 doctor well professor what a long
CdmRIqIdw28-00252-00090960-00091206 horrible way to get nine fifths this was
CdmRIqIdw28-00253-00091207-00091526 so much easier when you
CdmRIqIdw28-00254-00091527-00091862 know that you can rewrite this number
CdmRIqIdw28-00255-00091863-00092247 over here with the same base do it
CdmRIqIdw28-00256-00092248-00092662 it'll be so much faster but the value
CdmRIqIdw28-00257-00092663-00093055 of this is that you had a chance to
CdmRIqIdw28-00258-00093056-00093150 review the
CdmRIqIdw28-00259-00093151-00093662 the power rule and the product rule
CdmRIqIdw28-00260-00093663-00094015 you have to have these memorized
CdmRIqIdw28-00261-00094016-00094271 put them on cards put them on something
CdmRIqIdw28-00262-00094272-00094447 that looks like cards
CdmRIqIdw28-00263-00094448-00094999 and go over them all day long
CdmRIqIdw28-00264-00095000-00095591 professor clear
CdmRIqIdw28-00265-00095592-00095847 and we move on to number two that's just
CdmRIqIdw28-00266-00095848-00096135 like number one
CdmRIqIdw28-00267-00096136-00096494 what a rip-off oh it's not
CdmRIqIdw28-00268-00096495-00096750 it just looks like it is but it's the
CdmRIqIdw28-00269-00096751-00096815 same
CdmRIqIdw28-00270-00096816-00097294 kind of problem okay
CdmRIqIdw28-00271-00097295-00097647 let's go to this
CdmRIqIdw28-00272-00097648-00098055 this could mess you up number three
CdmRIqIdw28-00273-00098056-00099126 just because you know too much
CdmRIqIdw28-00274-00099127-00099567 you know that two goes into six
CdmRIqIdw28-00275-00099568-00099918 so six is two times three
CdmRIqIdw28-00276-00099919-00100094 when you're looking with working with
CdmRIqIdw28-00277-00100095-00100367 logarithms if you don't know that
CdmRIqIdw28-00278-00100368-00100743 six is two to a power
CdmRIqIdw28-00279-00100744-00101006 and it's not i mean not to an easy one
CdmRIqIdw28-00280-00101007-00101191 that we know
CdmRIqIdw28-00281-00101192-00101550 um um you're gonna get the wrong answer
CdmRIqIdw28-00282-00101551-00101838 yeah so the best thing to do if you
CdmRIqIdw28-00283-00101839-00102055 cannot write that 6
CdmRIqIdw28-00284-00102056-00102391 the way you wrote the 9 right here is
CdmRIqIdw28-00285-00102392-00102599 three to the two
CdmRIqIdw28-00286-00102600-00102758 then what you're going to do is what we
CdmRIqIdw28-00287-00102759-00102902 just did
CdmRIqIdw28-00288-00102903-00104486 take the log of both sides
CdmRIqIdw28-00289-00104488-00104727 that's the basic way to solve an
CdmRIqIdw28-00290-00104728-00105047 exponential equation
CdmRIqIdw28-00291-00105048-00105358 that won't let you solve it in this easy
CdmRIqIdw28-00292-00105359-00105990 way
CdmRIqIdw28-00293-00105991-00106334 okay now i'm going to use the power rule
CdmRIqIdw28-00294-00106335-00106743 to bring that x
CdmRIqIdw28-00295-00106744-00107143 down in front let me write it down
CdmRIqIdw28-00296-00107144-00107847 power rule
CdmRIqIdw28-00297-00107848-00108278 which will make that x times the log
CdmRIqIdw28-00298-00108279-00108790 of two equals the log
CdmRIqIdw28-00299-00108791-00109239 of six the log of a number is just a
CdmRIqIdw28-00300-00109240-00109319 number
CdmRIqIdw28-00301-00109320-00109743 albeit an ugly number
CdmRIqIdw28-00302-00109744-00110151 but it's a number so x times the number
CdmRIqIdw28-00303-00110152-00110383 if i'm going to solve for x i'm going to
CdmRIqIdw28-00304-00110383-00110551 divide both sides
CdmRIqIdw28-00305-00110552-00110927 by the number multiplying x
CdmRIqIdw28-00306-00110928-00111239 let's do it so
CdmRIqIdw28-00307-00111240-00111775 x times the log of 2
CdmRIqIdw28-00308-00111776-00112383 divided by the log of 2
CdmRIqIdw28-00309-00112383-00112790 equals the log of six
CdmRIqIdw28-00310-00112791-00113166 divided by the log of two
CdmRIqIdw28-00311-00113167-00113831 now this should be
CdmRIqIdw28-00312-00113832-00114366 fairly easy to do let me cancel these
CdmRIqIdw28-00313-00114367-00114727 so i will have x equals
CdmRIqIdw28-00314-00114728-00115039 i don't know let's see this says it's
CdmRIqIdw28-00315-00115040-00115275 going to be
CdmRIqIdw28-00316-00115276-00116127 2.5850 round to four decimal places
CdmRIqIdw28-00317-00116128-00116543 we'll see log of six
CdmRIqIdw28-00318-00116544-00116895 log six close parentheses
CdmRIqIdw28-00319-00116896-00117239 divided by log two
CdmRIqIdw28-00320-00117240-00117758 close parentheses
CdmRIqIdw28-00321-00117759-00118102 yep let's put this over there
CdmRIqIdw28-00322-00118103-00118423 because i hope you'll be studying the
CdmRIqIdw28-00323-00118424-00118758 notes
CdmRIqIdw28-00324-00118759-00118951 now you'll have the complete notes and
CdmRIqIdw28-00325-00118952-00120483 you'll have the notes from our class
CdmRIqIdw28-00326-00120483-00120607 okay
CdmRIqIdw28-00327-00120608-00120919 four decimal places here's the whole
CdmRIqIdw28-00328-00120920-00121039 number
CdmRIqIdw28-00329-00121040-00121343 and then one two three four decimal
CdmRIqIdw28-00330-00121344-00121766 places
CdmRIqIdw28-00331-00121767-00122151 i look at the fifth decimal place
CdmRIqIdw28-00332-00122152-00122599 and that 6 will definitely cause the 9
CdmRIqIdw28-00333-00122600-00122934 to round up to a 10 but i'm not going to
CdmRIqIdw28-00334-00122935-00123134 stick a 10 in there
CdmRIqIdw28-00335-00123135-00123671 so here's what my thinking has to do
CdmRIqIdw28-00336-00123672-00124327 x equals 2.58496
CdmRIqIdw28-00337-00124328-00124678 instead of thinking of 9 being rounded
CdmRIqIdw28-00338-00124679-00124823 up to a 10
CdmRIqIdw28-00339-00124824-00125134 i have to kind of increase my view and
CdmRIqIdw28-00340-00125135-00125390 look at 49
CdmRIqIdw28-00341-00125391-00125910 6 will cause 49 to round up to 50.
CdmRIqIdw28-00342-00125911-00126278 so x equals two point
CdmRIqIdw28-00343-00126279-00126583 five eight five
CdmRIqIdw28-00344-00126583-00126951 zero only it doesn't equal let's get rid
CdmRIqIdw28-00345-00126952-00127054 of that equal
CdmRIqIdw28-00346-00127055-00127495 sign x equals the log of six
CdmRIqIdw28-00347-00127496-00127919 over the log of two please observe
CdmRIqIdw28-00348-00127920-00128502 observe that this
CdmRIqIdw28-00349-00128503-00129271 is the exact answer
CdmRIqIdw28-00350-00129272-00129702 anything we have to round x does not
CdmRIqIdw28-00351-00129703-00130327 actually equal
CdmRIqIdw28-00352-00130328-00130614 answers from calculators if you have to
CdmRIqIdw28-00353-00130615-00130743 round
CdmRIqIdw28-00354-00130744-00131543 are approximate
CdmRIqIdw28-00355-00131544-00131983 there you go the double squiggle
CdmRIqIdw28-00356-00131984-00132647 means approximate
CdmRIqIdw28-00357-00132648-00132863 so somewhere eventually you're going to
CdmRIqIdw28-00358-00132864-00133495 have x squiggle
CdmRIqIdw28-00359-00133496-00133783 here's a problem just like it you would
CdmRIqIdw28-00360-00133784-00133831 do it
CdmRIqIdw28-00361-00133832-00134199 exactly the same way i mean with exactly
CdmRIqIdw28-00362-00134200-00135247 the same steps
CdmRIqIdw28-00363-00135248-00135566 now when we get to number five things
CdmRIqIdw28-00364-00135567-00135654 get a little
CdmRIqIdw28-00365-00135655-00136031 more involved
CdmRIqIdw28-00366-00136032-00136335 so so that i'll have a lot of room
CdmRIqIdw28-00367-00136336-00136814 i'm going to move to another page
CdmRIqIdw28-00368-00136815-00137119 10 to the x
CdmRIqIdw28-00369-00137120-00137639 power equals five
CdmRIqIdw28-00370-00137640-00138071 to the x plus three
CdmRIqIdw28-00371-00138072-00138487 power
CdmRIqIdw28-00372-00138488-00138807 i'm going to take the log of both
CdmRIqIdw28-00373-00138808-00140159 sides
CdmRIqIdw28-00374-00140160-00140799 okay now i'm going to use
CdmRIqIdw28-00375-00140800-00141231 the power rule
CdmRIqIdw28-00376-00141232-00141487 almost always that's what you do after
CdmRIqIdw28-00377-00141488-00141711 you take the log of both sides
CdmRIqIdw28-00378-00141712-00142095 not always don't ever say always
CdmRIqIdw28-00379-00142096-00142407 well just don't ever that's a kind of a
CdmRIqIdw28-00380-00142408-00142614 global word too
CdmRIqIdw28-00381-00142615-00143166 x times the log of 10.
CdmRIqIdw28-00382-00143167-00143502 equals x plus
CdmRIqIdw28-00383-00143503-00143847 three
CdmRIqIdw28-00384-00143848-00144623 times the log of five
CdmRIqIdw28-00385-00144624-00145054 okay
CdmRIqIdw28-00386-00145055-00145807 now note note
CdmRIqIdw28-00387-00145808-00146351 log 10 log of 10 excuse me
CdmRIqIdw28-00388-00146352-00146695 is log
CdmRIqIdw28-00389-00146696-00147287 base 10 of 10.
CdmRIqIdw28-00390-00147288-00147495 there's another arithmetic rule you
CdmRIqIdw28-00391-00147496-00147695 learned last week
CdmRIqIdw28-00392-00147696-00148047 and that is when these two
CdmRIqIdw28-00393-00148048-00148599 numbers are the same
CdmRIqIdw28-00394-00148600-00148975 your answer is one
CdmRIqIdw28-00395-00148976-00149375 just one
CdmRIqIdw28-00396-00149376-00150511 so log ten is one
CdmRIqIdw28-00397-00150512-00150919 meanwhile over here
CdmRIqIdw28-00398-00150920-00151223 log five is just a number an
CdmRIqIdw28-00399-00151224-00151678 ugly number but a number
CdmRIqIdw28-00400-00151679-00151895 so i'm going to multiply i'm going to
CdmRIqIdw28-00401-00151896-00152039 distribute it
CdmRIqIdw28-00402-00152040-00152259 just distribution is just a form of
CdmRIqIdw28-00403-00152260-00152439 multiplication
CdmRIqIdw28-00404-00152440-00152743 it into the parentheses
CdmRIqIdw28-00405-00152744-00153047 thereby multiplying both of these terms
CdmRIqIdw28-00406-00153048-00153463 by log five so i'm going to put the log
CdmRIqIdw28-00407-00153464-00153695 five in front of the x
CdmRIqIdw28-00408-00153696-00154063 i don't guess i should
CdmRIqIdw28-00409-00154064-00154231 a lot of the time your book makes it
CdmRIqIdw28-00410-00154232-00154383 after so we'll do that
CdmRIqIdw28-00411-00154384-00155078 law x times log five
CdmRIqIdw28-00412-00155079-00156247 plus three times log five
CdmRIqIdw28-00413-00156248-00156566 so i'm going to have x let me move this
CdmRIqIdw28-00414-00156567-00156711 over a little bit
CdmRIqIdw28-00415-00156712-00157487 equals x times log five
CdmRIqIdw28-00416-00157488-00158231 plus three times log five
CdmRIqIdw28-00417-00158232-00158551 okay now
CdmRIqIdw28-00418-00158552-00158847 there's a rule that goes way back to
CdmRIqIdw28-00419-00158848-00159126 when you started learning how to solve
CdmRIqIdw28-00420-00159127-00159359 little baby equations this is not a
CdmRIqIdw28-00421-00159360-00159519 little baby equation
CdmRIqIdw28-00422-00159520-00160063 but back when you solve things like
CdmRIqIdw28-00423-00160064-00160366 x equals three x
CdmRIqIdw28-00424-00160367-00160647 plus five i just made that up this is
CdmRIqIdw28-00425-00160648-00161207 just an example
CdmRIqIdw28-00426-00161208-00161583 what did you have to do you had to get
CdmRIqIdw28-00427-00161584-00161654 your x
CdmRIqIdw28-00428-00161655-00161999 terms together on the same side
CdmRIqIdw28-00429-00162000-00162319 so you'd have x minus three x
CdmRIqIdw28-00430-00162320-00162702 equals five
CdmRIqIdw28-00431-00162703-00163102 negative two x equals five
CdmRIqIdw28-00432-00163103-00163543 x equals five over negative two which is
CdmRIqIdw28-00433-00163544-00163647 negative five
CdmRIqIdw28-00434-00163648-00163951 over two
CdmRIqIdw28-00435-00163952-00164319 this is just an example
CdmRIqIdw28-00436-00164320-00164638 we're going to do the same thing that's
CdmRIqIdw28-00437-00164639-00164854 why i did this
CdmRIqIdw28-00438-00164855-00165214 this is an x term here x is multiplied
CdmRIqIdw28-00439-00165215-00165254 by
CdmRIqIdw28-00440-00165255-00165654 this number i need to get my
CdmRIqIdw28-00441-00165655-00165966 x terms together so i'm going to
CdmRIqIdw28-00442-00165967-00166095 subtract
CdmRIqIdw28-00443-00166096-00166654 x log 5
CdmRIqIdw28-00444-00166655-00167566 from both sides of the equation
CdmRIqIdw28-00445-00167567-00168087 let me um move that
CdmRIqIdw28-00446-00168088-00168607 so that it's not misunderstood there
CdmRIqIdw28-00447-00168608-00168975 all right so what that gives me is x
CdmRIqIdw28-00448-00168976-00169966 minus x log five
CdmRIqIdw28-00449-00169967-00171326 equals three log five
CdmRIqIdw28-00450-00171327-00171623 okay come over here i'm going to have to
CdmRIqIdw28-00451-00171624-00171759 put my one back
CdmRIqIdw28-00452-00171760-00172326 i mean x is one x right
CdmRIqIdw28-00453-00172327-00172743 because i need to factor out a gcf
CdmRIqIdw28-00454-00172744-00173014 oh haven't done that for a while there's
CdmRIqIdw28-00455-00173015-00173190 an x in this term and an
CdmRIqIdw28-00456-00173191-00173526 x in this term so i'm going to factor
CdmRIqIdw28-00457-00173527-00173959 out i'm going to move down
CdmRIqIdw28-00458-00173960-00174447 just to make sure it's visible x
CdmRIqIdw28-00459-00174448-00174751 times one minus log
CdmRIqIdw28-00460-00174752-00175175 five
CdmRIqIdw28-00461-00175176-00175526 equals three log
CdmRIqIdw28-00462-00175527-00176311 five
CdmRIqIdw28-00463-00176312-00176654 ah what do i do now well
CdmRIqIdw28-00464-00176655-00176983 just stop and think remember you're
CdmRIqIdw28-00465-00176984-00177159 going to be talking to your calculator
CdmRIqIdw28-00466-00177160-00177335 so there's no reason to make life
CdmRIqIdw28-00467-00177336-00177519 difficult
CdmRIqIdw28-00468-00177520-00177751 the easiest thing to get in the habit to
CdmRIqIdw28-00469-00177752-00177838 do
CdmRIqIdw28-00470-00177839-00178311 as you go into
CdmRIqIdw28-00471-00178312-00178902 home base for for what for for a run
CdmRIqIdw28-00472-00178903-00179166 is to remember that 1 minus log 5 is
CdmRIqIdw28-00473-00179167-00179663 just a number
CdmRIqIdw28-00474-00179664-00179990 it's not a number i much like
CdmRIqIdw28-00475-00179991-00180319 but it's a number
CdmRIqIdw28-00476-00180320-00181199 one minus log five
CdmRIqIdw28-00477-00181200-00181926 one minus log five
CdmRIqIdw28-00478-00181927-00182087 and to make life easier on your
CdmRIqIdw28-00479-00182088-00182366 calculator you really should bring your
CdmRIqIdw28-00480-00182367-00182431 3
CdmRIqIdw28-00481-00182432-00182831 up
CdmRIqIdw28-00482-00182832-00183414 easier on you
CdmRIqIdw28-00483-00183415-00183999 bring your 3 up there so that you have
CdmRIqIdw28-00484-00184000-00184575 log five five to the third power
CdmRIqIdw28-00485-00184576-00184743 i'm kind of thinking you really don't
CdmRIqIdw28-00486-00184744-00185007 need to do that not in this problem but
CdmRIqIdw28-00487-00185008-00185614 usually you do need to do it
CdmRIqIdw28-00488-00185615-00185935 over 1 minus
CdmRIqIdw28-00489-00185936-00186263 log 5.
CdmRIqIdw28-00490-00186264-00186783 now in this in this problem
CdmRIqIdw28-00491-00186784-00186966 you see it's always harder on the
CdmRIqIdw28-00492-00186967-00187111 calculator
CdmRIqIdw28-00493-00187112-00187638 to get all the key strokes right
CdmRIqIdw28-00494-00187639-00187766 but you're going to have to watch
CdmRIqIdw28-00495-00187767-00188831 carefully what i do
CdmRIqIdw28-00496-00188832-00189254 okay log
CdmRIqIdw28-00497-00189255-00189487 and you have to plan out in advance what
CdmRIqIdw28-00498-00189488-00190214 you do
CdmRIqIdw28-00499-00190215-00190526 your calculator is going to put
CdmRIqIdw28-00500-00190527-00190702 parentheses
CdmRIqIdw28-00501-00190703-00191254 around that and parentheses around that
CdmRIqIdw28-00502-00191255-00191583 but you have to group
CdmRIqIdw28-00503-00191584-00191950 one minus log five okay
CdmRIqIdw28-00504-00191951-00192166 so you're going to have to put your own
CdmRIqIdw28-00505-00192167-00192343 parentheses
CdmRIqIdw28-00506-00192344-00192831 here and make sure you close them
CdmRIqIdw28-00507-00192832-00193283 which you see i try to avoid this at all
CdmRIqIdw28-00508-00193284-00193463 cost
CdmRIqIdw28-00509-00193464-00193631 but we're not going to be able to avoid
CdmRIqIdw28-00510-00193632-00194031 it this time
CdmRIqIdw28-00511-00194032-00194350 paren paren is what you're going to
CdmRIqIdw28-00512-00194351-00194663 end up typing so i'm going to
CdmRIqIdw28-00513-00194664-00195175 walk you through this log
CdmRIqIdw28-00514-00195176-00195487 of 5 carat 3
CdmRIqIdw28-00515-00195488-00195783 or we could go ahead and write out what
CdmRIqIdw28-00516-00195784-00195902 5 carat 3
CdmRIqIdw28-00517-00195903-00196278 is 5 carat 3 five to the third power is
CdmRIqIdw28-00518-00196279-00196343 one hundred
CdmRIqIdw28-00519-00196344-00197054 twenty five let's do that
CdmRIqIdw28-00520-00197055-00197463 again fewer key strokes mean you're more
CdmRIqIdw28-00521-00197464-00197654 likely to get the right
CdmRIqIdw28-00522-00197655-00198883 answer
CdmRIqIdw28-00523-00198884-00199175 okay so
CdmRIqIdw28-00524-00199176-00199695 log one two five close parentheses
CdmRIqIdw28-00525-00199696-00200159 divided by paren
CdmRIqIdw28-00526-00200160-00200526 one minus
CdmRIqIdw28-00527-00200527-00200838 log see the log puts in its own
CdmRIqIdw28-00528-00200839-00201223 parameter it doesn't give you a choice
CdmRIqIdw28-00529-00201224-00201566 5 close
CdmRIqIdw28-00530-00201567-00201999 this parenthesis
CdmRIqIdw28-00531-00202000-00202319 but now you have to not forget to close
CdmRIqIdw28-00532-00202320-00203054 that parenthesis
CdmRIqIdw28-00533-00203055-00203575 so now this is what i have
CdmRIqIdw28-00534-00203576-00204063 log 125 divided by
CdmRIqIdw28-00535-00204064-00204483 parenthesis 1 minus log
CdmRIqIdw28-00536-00204484-00204743 5. and you have to close
CdmRIqIdw28-00537-00204744-00204990 both of those parentheses you have to
CdmRIqIdw28-00538-00204991-00205175 close this parenthesis well you have to
CdmRIqIdw28-00539-00205176-00205223 close
CdmRIqIdw28-00540-00205223-00205494 that parenthesis right there and you
CdmRIqIdw28-00541-00205496-00205582 have to close
CdmRIqIdw28-00542-00205583-00205934 that parenthesis make the match a little
CdmRIqIdw28-00543-00205935-00206023 bit
CdmRIqIdw28-00544-00206023-00206462 right there once we have this let's hold
CdmRIqIdw28-00545-00206463-00206679 our breath
CdmRIqIdw28-00546-00206680-00207319 and hit enter
CdmRIqIdw28-00547-00207319-00207679 oh thank god oh and there's your
CdmRIqIdw28-00548-00207680-00208423 squiggle too look at the squiggle
CdmRIqIdw28-00549-00208423-00208782 so this is x equals and this is
CdmRIqIdw28-00550-00208783-00209142 x equals there are times when you can't
CdmRIqIdw28-00551-00209144-00209390 get away from all the hard stuff
CdmRIqIdw28-00552-00209391-00209694 and having to have double parentheses i
CdmRIqIdw28-00553-00209696-00209839 consider to be
CdmRIqIdw28-00554-00209840-00210151 hard stuff which is why i went to
CdmRIqIdw28-00555-00210152-00210479 all these steps up here in order to
CdmRIqIdw28-00556-00210480-00210871 avoid having parentheses on the bottom
CdmRIqIdw28-00557-00210871-00211494 it's a good habit to get into
CdmRIqIdw28-00558-00211496-00211894 but there we go i am definitely
CdmRIqIdw28-00559-00211896-00212615 copying that answer
CdmRIqIdw28-00560-00212616-00213246 life would be so much easier
CdmRIqIdw28-00561-00213248-00213455 back in the old days we didn't have
CdmRIqIdw28-00562-00213456-00213839 calculators we just left the answer like
CdmRIqIdw28-00563-00213840-00214191 that actually
CdmRIqIdw28-00564-00214192-00214327 you know what we had instead of
CdmRIqIdw28-00565-00214328-00214527 calculators to translate that
CdmRIqIdw28-00566-00214528-00214887 into this we had thick thick thick books
CdmRIqIdw28-00567-00214888-00214942 full of
CdmRIqIdw28-00568-00214944-00215682 every imaginable number
CdmRIqIdw28-00569-00215683-00215927 blah
CdmRIqIdw28-00570-00215928-00216215 definitely better with a calculator you
CdmRIqIdw28-00571-00216216-00216382 just have to be
CdmRIqIdw28-00572-00216383-00216967 careful
CdmRIqIdw28-00573-00216967-00217294 okay now yeah round to four decimal
CdmRIqIdw28-00574-00217296-00217942 places
CdmRIqIdw28-00575-00217944-00218191 if you're wondering why i don't you know
CdmRIqIdw28-00576-00218192-00218294 get answers
CdmRIqIdw28-00577-00218296-00218694 along the way
CdmRIqIdw28-00578-00218696-00218894 you're more likely to get a wrong answer
CdmRIqIdw28-00579-00218896-00219134 this says do not round until the final
CdmRIqIdw28-00580-00219135-00219239 answer
CdmRIqIdw28-00581-00219240-00219542 that's true
CdmRIqIdw28-00582-00219544-00219727 because you'll get the wrong answer
CdmRIqIdw28-00583-00219728-00219958 because every time
CdmRIqIdw28-00584-00219959-00220294 every time you use
CdmRIqIdw28-00585-00220296-00220679 a rounded number you get more error
CdmRIqIdw28-00586-00220680-00220991 until finally you put your answer in
CdmRIqIdw28-00587-00220992-00221279 and mymathlab says it's wrong because
CdmRIqIdw28-00588-00221280-00221510 you've rounded too much and you don't
CdmRIqIdw28-00589-00221511-00221655 have exactly
CdmRIqIdw28-00590-00221656-00222463 the same answer
CdmRIqIdw28-00591-00222464-00223382 okay the this part over here was log 125
CdmRIqIdw28-00592-00223383-00223727 but this is what i want right now 1 2
CdmRIqIdw28-00593-00223728-00224127 3 4 and 8 will definitely cause the
CdmRIqIdw28-00594-00224128-00224198 seven to go
CdmRIqIdw28-00595-00224200-00224567 up to an eight so your answer is going
CdmRIqIdw28-00596-00224567-00224639 to be
CdmRIqIdw28-00597-00224640-00225031 x equals six point
CdmRIqIdw28-00598-00225032-00226255 nine six five eight
CdmRIqIdw28-00599-00226256-00227191 okay yeah
CdmRIqIdw28-00600-00227192-00227694 now this one is going to be
CdmRIqIdw28-00601-00227696-00228006 about the same thing but you're not
CdmRIqIdw28-00602-00228007-00228110 going to end up
CdmRIqIdw28-00603-00228111-00228719 with a one which might make life easier
CdmRIqIdw28-00604-00228719-00229119 let's do this
CdmRIqIdw28-00605-00229119-00229455 this is number six
CdmRIqIdw28-00606-00229456-00230071 in your homework
CdmRIqIdw28-00607-00230071-00230415 six to the x equals
CdmRIqIdw28-00608-00230416-00230734 two to the power x
CdmRIqIdw28-00609-00230735-00231206 plus two
CdmRIqIdw28-00610-00231207-00231655 okay now log
CdmRIqIdw28-00611-00231656-00231975 6 to the x equals
CdmRIqIdw28-00612-00231976-00232391 log
CdmRIqIdw28-00613-00232392-00232839 2 to the x plus 2.
CdmRIqIdw28-00614-00232840-00233487 oh barbara
CdmRIqIdw28-00615-00233488-00233855 yes now we're going to use the power
CdmRIqIdw28-00616-00233856-00234087 rule to bring those exponents down in
CdmRIqIdw28-00617-00234088-00234667 front
CdmRIqIdw28-00618-00234667-00235151 [Music]
CdmRIqIdw28-00619-00235152-00235639 x log 6.
CdmRIqIdw28-00620-00235640-00236055 equals x plus two
CdmRIqIdw28-00621-00236056-00236231 there are two terms there but they're
CdmRIqIdw28-00622-00236232-00236446 one thing the exponent
CdmRIqIdw28-00623-00236448-00236751 so put parentheses around it
CdmRIqIdw28-00624-00236752-00237031 log and then notice you keep the base
CdmRIqIdw28-00625-00237032-00237158 that's the base
CdmRIqIdw28-00626-00237159-00237375 well it's not the base but it's the base
CdmRIqIdw28-00627-00237376-00237575 of that exponent
CdmRIqIdw28-00628-00237576-00237951 you keep the two
CdmRIqIdw28-00629-00237952-00238206 all right and and so we use the power
CdmRIqIdw28-00630-00238207-00238575 rule
CdmRIqIdw28-00631-00238576-00239094 to go from here to here
CdmRIqIdw28-00632-00239096-00239482 now we're going to use distribution over
CdmRIqIdw28-00633-00239483-00239615 here
CdmRIqIdw28-00634-00239616-00240255 log set of x times log six
CdmRIqIdw28-00635-00240256-00240879 equals x times log two
CdmRIqIdw28-00636-00240880-00241198 plus two times log
CdmRIqIdw28-00637-00241200-00241694 two
CdmRIqIdw28-00638-00241696-00242206 now i don't need those
CdmRIqIdw28-00639-00242207-00242567 well i do need the two
CdmRIqIdw28-00640-00242567-00243079 okay what i did is i took log two
CdmRIqIdw28-00641-00243080-00243398 and i distributed it to the x
CdmRIqIdw28-00642-00243400-00243998 and to the two
CdmRIqIdw28-00643-00244000-00244527 now again
CdmRIqIdw28-00644-00244528-00244775 i have to get my x terms together
CdmRIqIdw28-00645-00244776-00244839 there's an
CdmRIqIdw28-00646-00244840-00245167 x in this term and an x in this term
CdmRIqIdw28-00647-00245167-00245503 so i'll subtract x log
CdmRIqIdw28-00648-00245504-00245855 2
CdmRIqIdw28-00649-00245856-00246175 from both sides of the equation minus
CdmRIqIdw28-00650-00246176-00246742 x log 2.
CdmRIqIdw28-00651-00246744-00247063 which will give me x
CdmRIqIdw28-00652-00247064-00247582 times log six
CdmRIqIdw28-00653-00247583-00247934 yes okay x
CdmRIqIdw28-00654-00247935-00248334 times log six
CdmRIqIdw28-00655-00248335-00248694 minus x times log
CdmRIqIdw28-00656-00248696-00249063 two see once you get used to
CdmRIqIdw28-00657-00249064-00249398 doing it it doesn't really take
CdmRIqIdw28-00658-00249400-00249823 that long
CdmRIqIdw28-00659-00249823-00250279 equals two
CdmRIqIdw28-00660-00250280-00251198 log two now we have a gcf
CdmRIqIdw28-00661-00251200-00251519 x times
CdmRIqIdw28-00662-00251519-00251894 log six
CdmRIqIdw28-00663-00251896-00253255 minus log two
CdmRIqIdw28-00664-00253256-00253567 know
CdmRIqIdw28-00665-00253567-00253991 don't need those do
CdmRIqIdw28-00666-00253992-00254294 need fees even though your book
CdmRIqIdw28-00667-00254296-00254679 often does not book mymathlab
CdmRIqIdw28-00668-00254680-00255023 often does not use parentheses around
CdmRIqIdw28-00669-00255023-00255223 the arguments
CdmRIqIdw28-00670-00255223-00255751 the calculator does
CdmRIqIdw28-00671-00255752-00256239 so why not just always use parentheses
CdmRIqIdw28-00672-00256240-00256567 here i'm going to use the power rule
CdmRIqIdw28-00673-00256567-00256903 and bring that 2 back up why because
CdmRIqIdw28-00674-00256904-00256998 i'll get log
CdmRIqIdw28-00675-00257000-00257487 of 2 to the second power
CdmRIqIdw28-00676-00257488-00257687 and you know what that is 2 squared
CdmRIqIdw28-00677-00257688-00258087 equals four
CdmRIqIdw28-00678-00258088-00259158 so here i use the power rule
CdmRIqIdw28-00679-00259159-00259487 over here i'm going to use
CdmRIqIdw28-00680-00259488-00260255 the quotient rule
CdmRIqIdw28-00681-00260256-00260734 x log six
CdmRIqIdw28-00682-00260735-00261439 over two and you know what that is
CdmRIqIdw28-00683-00261440-00261626 so this is the quotient rule
CdmRIqIdw28-00684-00261627-00261758 [Music]
CdmRIqIdw28-00685-00261759-00262346 q u o
CdmRIqIdw28-00686-00262347-00262487 [Music]
CdmRIqIdw28-00687-00262488-00262719 rule it's the first time today we've
CdmRIqIdw28-00688-00262720-00262895 used it
CdmRIqIdw28-00689-00262896-00263206 i think
CdmRIqIdw28-00690-00263207-00263527 so the log of six over two
CdmRIqIdw28-00691-00263528-00263895 x log six over two equals the log of
CdmRIqIdw28-00692-00263896-00264303 four
CdmRIqIdw28-00693-00264304-00264479 now i'm going to take an extra step and
CdmRIqIdw28-00694-00264480-00264695 say hmm
CdmRIqIdw28-00695-00264696-00265255 that means x log 3
CdmRIqIdw28-00696-00265256-00265823 equals log 4.
CdmRIqIdw28-00697-00265824-00266391 divide by log 3.
CdmRIqIdw28-00698-00266392-00267271 on both sides
CdmRIqIdw28-00699-00267272-00267534 now at this point it just occurred to me
CdmRIqIdw28-00700-00267535-00267799 that somebody might decide to
CdmRIqIdw28-00701-00267800-00268191 cancel out the word log and be left with
CdmRIqIdw28-00702-00268192-00268230 four
CdmRIqIdw28-00703-00268231-00268582 over three don't do that
CdmRIqIdw28-00704-00268583-00269263 log note here's a note
CdmRIqIdw28-00705-00269264-00269999 log is just
CdmRIqIdw28-00706-00270000-00270447 another name
CdmRIqIdw28-00707-00270448-00271175 or let's say another type
CdmRIqIdw28-00708-00271176-00272327 of function
CdmRIqIdw28-00709-00272328-00272655 it could be f of x but instead of
CdmRIqIdw28-00710-00272656-00273110 f of x it's log x instead of f of 3 it's
CdmRIqIdw28-00711-00273111-00273471 log 3
CdmRIqIdw28-00712-00273472-00273823 log is just a number i mean
CdmRIqIdw28-00713-00273824-00274103 it's not log is just a function it's a
CdmRIqIdw28-00714-00274104-00274319 very special function but a function
CdmRIqIdw28-00715-00274320-00274479 nonetheless
CdmRIqIdw28-00716-00274480-00274767 you don't go around canceling out words
CdmRIqIdw28-00717-00274768-00274855 here
CdmRIqIdw28-00718-00274856-00275055 you did that in pre-algebra when you
CdmRIqIdw28-00719-00275056-00275255 were learning about proportions
CdmRIqIdw28-00720-00275256-00275582 but you don't do it here
CdmRIqIdw28-00721-00275583-00275927 okay glad we settled that
CdmRIqIdw28-00722-00275928-00276295 well now my answer my exact answer
CdmRIqIdw28-00723-00276296-00276695 is going to be the log of 4
CdmRIqIdw28-00724-00276696-00277175 over the log of 3.
CdmRIqIdw28-00725-00277176-00277495 i get my trusty calculator
CdmRIqIdw28-00726-00277496-00278287 hopefully trusty
CdmRIqIdw28-00727-00278288-00278599 clear log
CdmRIqIdw28-00728-00278600-00278910 4 close paren
CdmRIqIdw28-00729-00278911-00279215 divided by log
CdmRIqIdw28-00730-00279216-00279767 3 close paren
CdmRIqIdw28-00731-00279768-00279943 and there i have that let's compare it
CdmRIqIdw28-00732-00279944-00280199 to what they say the answer is
CdmRIqIdw28-00733-00280200-00280710 yeah alrighty
CdmRIqIdw28-00734-00280711-00280903 again the reason i want to take pictures
CdmRIqIdw28-00735-00280904-00281382 of these is for your benefit
CdmRIqIdw28-00736-00281383-00281782 so that that you can see
CdmRIqIdw28-00737-00281783-00282879 the answer you get on the calculator
CdmRIqIdw28-00738-00282880-00283439 so now we're going to do the x squiggle
CdmRIqIdw28-00739-00283440-00283734 because we're going to round to one two
CdmRIqIdw28-00740-00283735-00283855 three
CdmRIqIdw28-00741-00283856-00284199 four decimal places here's the fifth
CdmRIqIdw28-00742-00284200-00284358 decimal place
CdmRIqIdw28-00743-00284359-00284663 and that 5 will cause the 8
CdmRIqIdw28-00744-00284664-00285023 to go up to a 9 so the answer you put in
CdmRIqIdw28-00745-00285024-00285382 the answer box
CdmRIqIdw28-00746-00285383-00285967 is going to be 1.26 one
CdmRIqIdw28-00747-00285968-00286815 nine
CdmRIqIdw28-00748-00286816-00287351 and i promise you
CdmRIqIdw28-00749-00287352-00288047 that this gets easier
CdmRIqIdw28-00750-00288048-00288295 but you absolutely have to memorize the
CdmRIqIdw28-00751-00288296-00288430 laws of logarithms the
CdmRIqIdw28-00752-00288431-00288758 laws the arithmetic of logarithms also
CdmRIqIdw28-00753-00288759-00288823 called
CdmRIqIdw28-00754-00288824-00289095 the properties of logarithms all right
CdmRIqIdw28-00755-00289096-00289319 now we get to my favorite number
CdmRIqIdw28-00756-00289320-00289767 e e is a number that's about 2.7
CdmRIqIdw28-00757-00289768-00290291 all right pi is the number that's about
CdmRIqIdw28-00758-00290292-00290819 3.14 e is the number that's about
CdmRIqIdw28-00759-00290820-00291143 2.7 and both of them
CdmRIqIdw28-00760-00291144-00291958 are universal constants
CdmRIqIdw28-00761-00291959-00292127 they were always there they were
CdmRIqIdw28-00762-00292128-00292439 discovered
CdmRIqIdw28-00763-00292440-00292999 they were not invented
CdmRIqIdw28-00764-00293000-00293175 discovered by the ancient greeks
CdmRIqIdw28-00765-00293176-00293630 discovered by the ancient mesopotamians
CdmRIqIdw28-00766-00293631-00293982 go go go history
CdmRIqIdw28-00767-00293983-00294503 all right here we go e e
CdmRIqIdw28-00768-00294504-00295058 e raised to this power negative
CdmRIqIdw28-00769-00295059-00295215 0.48
CdmRIqIdw28-00770-00295216-00296019 t equals
CdmRIqIdw28-00771-00296020-00296471 0.05
CdmRIqIdw28-00772-00296472-00296830 well this is an exponential equation
CdmRIqIdw28-00773-00296831-00297063 so yes i'm going to take the log of both
CdmRIqIdw28-00774-00297064-00297151 sides
CdmRIqIdw28-00775-00297152-00297479 but i get a choice there are different
CdmRIqIdw28-00776-00297480-00297719 kinds of logs
CdmRIqIdw28-00777-00297720-00298287 and e works with
CdmRIqIdw28-00778-00298288-00299110 or works best with
CdmRIqIdw28-00779-00299111-00299543 the ln the natural log
CdmRIqIdw28-00780-00299544-00300151 which is log base e
CdmRIqIdw28-00781-00300152-00300615 they're the same thing but we write ln
CdmRIqIdw28-00782-00300616-00300934 so ln
CdmRIqIdw28-00783-00300935-00301391 of e to the negative 0.48
CdmRIqIdw28-00784-00301392-00301677 t equals the ln
CdmRIqIdw28-00785-00301678-00301951 [Music]
CdmRIqIdw28-00786-00301952-00302575 of 0.05
CdmRIqIdw28-00787-00302576-00302919 and so i use the power rule
CdmRIqIdw28-00788-00302920-00303458 to bring that guy down in front negative
CdmRIqIdw28-00789-00303459-00303727 0.48 t
CdmRIqIdw28-00790-00303728-00304110 times the ln of e
CdmRIqIdw28-00791-00304111-00304430 equals the ln
CdmRIqIdw28-00792-00304431-00304743 of 0.05
CdmRIqIdw28-00793-00304744-00305054 now something else
CdmRIqIdw28-00794-00305055-00305439 something else to look at note
CdmRIqIdw28-00795-00305440-00306167 i guess that was a note 2 but oh well
CdmRIqIdw28-00796-00306168-00306479 when you write the ln of e what you're
CdmRIqIdw28-00797-00306480-00306582 really writing
CdmRIqIdw28-00798-00306583-00306967 is log base e
CdmRIqIdw28-00799-00306968-00307319 of e and again
CdmRIqIdw28-00800-00307320-00307630 when these two numbers are the same
CdmRIqIdw28-00801-00307631-00307934 number the answer is
CdmRIqIdw28-00802-00307935-00308463 one da
CdmRIqIdw28-00803-00308464-00308839 okay so this number is
CdmRIqIdw28-00804-00308840-00309223 one and negative zero point four eight t
CdmRIqIdw28-00805-00309224-00309534 times one is negative zero
CdmRIqIdw28-00806-00309535-00310030 point t
CdmRIqIdw28-00807-00310031-00310506 equals the ln of
CdmRIqIdw28-00808-00310507-00310951 0.05
CdmRIqIdw28-00809-00310952-00311430 divide by negative 0.48
CdmRIqIdw28-00810-00311431-00311751 divide by negative zero
CdmRIqIdw28-00811-00311752-00312103 point four eight and put that
CdmRIqIdw28-00812-00312104-00312430 in the calculator boom boom
CdmRIqIdw28-00813-00312431-00312758 t squiggle
CdmRIqIdw28-00814-00312759-00313527 t is about
CdmRIqIdw28-00815-00313528-00313903 the l in
CdmRIqIdw28-00816-00313904-00314343 of 0.05
CdmRIqIdw28-00817-00314344-00314987 divided by negative
CdmRIqIdw28-00818-00314988-00315182 0.4
CdmRIqIdw28-00819-00315183-00315558 8 double check
CdmRIqIdw28-00820-00315559-00316199 enter
CdmRIqIdw28-00821-00316200-00317882 and mymathlab agrees
CdmRIqIdw28-00822-00317883-00318943 so
CdmRIqIdw28-00823-00318944-00319310 again we do our four decimal place thing
CdmRIqIdw28-00824-00319311-00319719 one two three four
CdmRIqIdw28-00825-00319720-00320095 followed by a zero oh boy yeah that zero
CdmRIqIdw28-00826-00320096-00320206 is not going to do
CdmRIqIdw28-00827-00320207-00320567 anything so our
CdmRIqIdw28-00828-00320568-00320903 answer you put in the answer box is six
CdmRIqIdw28-00829-00320904-00321230 point two four
CdmRIqIdw28-00830-00321231-00321606 one one and i keep practicing my
CdmRIqIdw28-00831-00321607-00321758 european ones
CdmRIqIdw28-00832-00321759-00322224 i don't think i'll ever be good at it
Cf0e57RMPrY-00000-00000051-00000344 Didius Juliana sladden Marcus Didius
Cf0e57RMPrY-00001-00000345-00000605 Severus Juliana C Gustus the 30th of
Cf0e57RMPrY-00002-00000606-00001000 January 133 or the 2nd of February 137
Cf0e57RMPrY-00003-00001001-00001306 to the 1st of June 193 was Roman Emperor
Cf0e57RMPrY-00004-00001307-00001594 for nine weeks from March to June 193
Cf0e57RMPrY-00005-00001595-00001876 during the year of the five emperors he
Cf0e57RMPrY-00006-00001877-00002057 ascended the throne after buying it from
Cf0e57RMPrY-00007-00002058-00002200 the praetorian guard who had
Cf0e57RMPrY-00008-00002201-00002405 assassinated his predecessor perdón acts
Cf0e57RMPrY-00009-00002406-00002720 a civil war ensued in which three rival
Cf0e57RMPrY-00010-00002721-00002864 generals laid claim to the imperial
Cf0e57RMPrY-00011-00002865-00003203 throne septimius severus commander of
Cf0e57RMPrY-00012-00003204-00003388 the legions in Pannonia and the nearest
Cf0e57RMPrY-00013-00003389-00003572 of the generals to rome marched on the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00014-00003572-00003754 capital gathering support along the way
Cf0e57RMPrY-00015-00003755-00003938 and easily defeating those sent to
Cf0e57RMPrY-00016-00003939-00004229 impede his progress abandoned by the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00017-00004230-00004397 Senate and the Praetorian Guard
Cf0e57RMPrY-00018-00004398-00004609 Juliana's was killed by a soldier in the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00019-00004610-00005292 palace and succeeded by Severus
Cf0e57RMPrY-00020-00005293-00005827 topic early life
Cf0e57RMPrY-00021-00005828-00006092 Juliana's was born to Quintus Petronius
Cf0e57RMPrY-00022-00006093-00006299 Didius Severus and Emilia Clara
Cf0e57RMPrY-00023-00006300-00006491 Juliana's his father came from a
Cf0e57RMPrY-00024-00006492-00006734 prominent family in medi Elena Milan and
Cf0e57RMPrY-00025-00006734-00006929 his mother was a North African woman of
Cf0e57RMPrY-00026-00006930-00007139 Roman descent from a family of Consular
Cf0e57RMPrY-00027-00007140-00007400 rank his brothers were Didius proculus
Cf0e57RMPrY-00028-00007401-00007676 and Didius NUMMI asal - his date of
Cf0e57RMPrY-00029-00007677-00007940 birth is given as the 30th of January 1
Cf0e57RMPrY-00030-00007941-00008192 33 by Cassius Dio and the 2nd of
Cf0e57RMPrY-00031-00008193-00008489 February 137 by the historia Augusta
Cf0e57RMPrY-00032-00008490-00008714 Didius Juliana's was raised by Domitia
Cf0e57RMPrY-00033-00008715-00008896 lucilla mother of the Emperor Marcus
Cf0e57RMPrY-00034-00008897-00009185 Aurelius with Domitia 's help he was
Cf0e57RMPrY-00035-00009186-00009377 appointed at a very early age to the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00036-00009378-00009560 vyjit different the first step towards
Cf0e57RMPrY-00037-00009561-00009827 public distinction he married a Roman
Cf0e57RMPrY-00038-00009828-00010067 woman named Manlius kantola and sometime
Cf0e57RMPrY-00039-00010068-00010340 around 153 she bore him a daughter
Cf0e57RMPrY-00040-00010341-00011031 didya Klara their only child
Cf0e57RMPrY-00041-00011032-00011582 topic public service
Cf0e57RMPrY-00042-00011583-00011864 in succession Juliana's held the offices
Cf0e57RMPrY-00043-00011865-00012091 of cluster and Eid aisle and then around
Cf0e57RMPrY-00044-00012092-00012410 162 was named as praetor he was
Cf0e57RMPrY-00045-00012411-00012656 nominated to the command of the legio 22
Cf0e57RMPrY-00046-00012657-00012979 primigenia in Magan ChiCom now mine's in
Cf0e57RMPrY-00047-00012980-00013259 170 he became prefect hiss of Gallia
Cf0e57RMPrY-00048-00013260-00013544 Belgica and served for five years as a
Cf0e57RMPrY-00049-00013544-00013754 reward for his skill and gallantry in
Cf0e57RMPrY-00050-00013755-00013966 repressing an invasion by the chassis a
Cf0e57RMPrY-00051-00013968-00014138 tribe dwelling in the northwestern
Cf0e57RMPrY-00052-00014138-00014363 coastal area of present-day Germany in
Cf0e57RMPrY-00053-00014363-00014576 the drainage basin of the river shelf he
Cf0e57RMPrY-00054-00014577-00014846 was raised to the consulship in 175
Cf0e57RMPrY-00055-00014847-00015019 along with pert and axe he further
Cf0e57RMPrY-00056-00015021-00015200 distinguished himself in a campaign
Cf0e57RMPrY-00057-00015201-00015413 against the chatti governed Dalmatia and
Cf0e57RMPrY-00058-00015413-00015599 Germania inferior and then was made
Cf0e57RMPrY-00059-00015600-00015803 prefect charged with distributing money
Cf0e57RMPrY-00060-00015804-00016061 to the poor of italy it was around this
Cf0e57RMPrY-00061-00016062-00016213 time that he was charged with having
Cf0e57RMPrY-00062-00016215-00016415 conspired against the life of commodious
Cf0e57RMPrY-00063-00016416-00016571 but he had the good fortune to be
Cf0e57RMPrY-00064-00016572-00016706 acquitted and to witness the punishment
Cf0e57RMPrY-00065-00016707-00017021 of his accuser he governed Bithynia and
Cf0e57RMPrY-00066-00017022-00017207 succeeded perdón acts as the proconsul
Cf0e57RMPrY-00067-00017208-00017763 of africa
Cf0e57RMPrY-00068-00017764-00018429 topic Emperor 193
Cf0e57RMPrY-00069-00018430-00018690 after the murder of pert enacts the 28th
Cf0e57RMPrY-00070-00018691-00018984 of March 193 the Praetorian assassins
Cf0e57RMPrY-00071-00018985-00019155 announced that the throne was to be sold
Cf0e57RMPrY-00072-00019156-00019281 to the man who would pay the highest
Cf0e57RMPrY-00073-00019282-00019623 price titus flavius Claudius Sulpicius
Cf0e57RMPrY-00074-00019624-00019875 prefect of the city father-in-law of the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00075-00019876-00020073 murdered Emperor being at that moment in
Cf0e57RMPrY-00076-00020074-00020226 the camp to which he had been sent to
Cf0e57RMPrY-00077-00020227-00020412 come the troops began making offers
Cf0e57RMPrY-00078-00020413-00020607 whereupon Juliana's having been roused
Cf0e57RMPrY-00079-00020608-00020796 from a banquet by his wife and daughter
Cf0e57RMPrY-00080-00020797-00021009 arrived in all haste and being unable to
Cf0e57RMPrY-00081-00021010-00021228 gain admission stood before the gate and
Cf0e57RMPrY-00082-00021229-00021420 with a loud voice competed for the prize
Cf0e57RMPrY-00083-00021421-00021618 as the bidding went on the soldiers
Cf0e57RMPrY-00084-00021619-00021804 reported to each of the two competitors
Cf0e57RMPrY-00085-00021805-00021999 the one within the fortifications the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00086-00022000-00022176 other outside the rampart the sum
Cf0e57RMPrY-00087-00022177-00022473 offered by his rival eventually Sulpice
Cf0e57RMPrY-00088-00022474-00022749 Yanis promised 20,000 sesterces to every
Cf0e57RMPrY-00089-00022750-00022998 soldier Juliana's fearing that Sulpicius
Cf0e57RMPrY-00090-00022999-00023174 would gain the throne then offered
Cf0e57RMPrY-00091-00023175-00023481 25,000 the guards immediately closed
Cf0e57RMPrY-00092-00023482-00023679 with the offer of Juliana's threw open
Cf0e57RMPrY-00093-00023680-00023874 the gates saluted him by the name of
Cf0e57RMPrY-00094-00023875-00024062 Caesar and proclaimed him Emperor
Cf0e57RMPrY-00095-00024063-00024303 threatened by the military the Senate
Cf0e57RMPrY-00096-00024304-00024537 also declared him Emperor his wife and
Cf0e57RMPrY-00097-00024538-00024690 his daughter both received the title
Cf0e57RMPrY-00098-00024691-00025236 Augusta
Cf0e57RMPrY-00099-00025237-00025718 topic rain
Cf0e57RMPrY-00100-00025719-00026002 upon his accession Juliana's immediately
Cf0e57RMPrY-00101-00026004-00026227 reversed pertinent axes monetary reforms
Cf0e57RMPrY-00102-00026229-00026441 by devaluing the Roman currency to near
Cf0e57RMPrY-00103-00026442-00026648 pre perdón ax levels decreasing the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00104-00026649-00026894 silver purity of the Denarius from 87
Cf0e57RMPrY-00105-00026895-00027113 percent to 80 1.5%
Cf0e57RMPrY-00106-00027114-00027349 the actual silver weight dropping from
Cf0e57RMPrY-00107-00027350-00027682 2.75 grams to 2.40 grams
Cf0e57RMPrY-00108-00027683-00027952 after the initial confusion had subsided
Cf0e57RMPrY-00109-00027954-00028187 the population did not tamely submit to
Cf0e57RMPrY-00110-00028188-00028352 the dishonor brought upon Rome
Cf0e57RMPrY-00111-00028352-00028637 whenever Juliana's appeared in public he
Cf0e57RMPrY-00112-00028638-00028868 was saluted with groans imprecations and
Cf0e57RMPrY-00113-00028869-00029177 shouts ah robber and parasite the mob
Cf0e57RMPrY-00114-00029177-00029360 tried to obstruct his progress to the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00115-00029361-00029576 capital and even threw stones when news
Cf0e57RMPrY-00116-00029577-00029756 of the public anger in Rome spread
Cf0e57RMPrY-00117-00029757-00029972 across the Empire the generals pesky
Cf0e57RMPrY-00118-00029973-00030218 Gnaeus niger in syria septimius severus
Cf0e57RMPrY-00119-00030219-00030437 in Pannonia and Claudius albinos in
Cf0e57RMPrY-00120-00030438-00030623 Britain each having three legions under
Cf0e57RMPrY-00121-00030624-00030818 his command refused to recognize the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00122-00030819-00031091 authority of Giuliana's Juliana's
Cf0e57RMPrY-00123-00031092-00031313 declared Severus a public enemy because
Cf0e57RMPrY-00124-00031314-00031460 he was the nearest of the three and
Cf0e57RMPrY-00125-00031461-00031669 therefore the most dangerous foe
Cf0e57RMPrY-00126-00031670-00031895 deputies were sent from the Senate to
Cf0e57RMPrY-00127-00031895-00032093 persuade the soldiers to abandon him a
Cf0e57RMPrY-00128-00032094-00032306 new general was nominated to supersede
Cf0e57RMPrY-00129-00032307-00032507 him and a Centurion dispatched to take
Cf0e57RMPrY-00130-00032508-00032708 his life the Praetorian Guard long
Cf0e57RMPrY-00131-00032708-00032942 strangers to active military operations
Cf0e57RMPrY-00132-00032943-00033101 were marched into the Campus Martius
Cf0e57RMPrY-00133-00033102-00033296 regularly drilled and trained in the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00134-00033297-00033500 construction of fortifications and field
Cf0e57RMPrY-00135-00033501-00033812 works Severus however having secured the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00136-00033813-00034010 support of albinus by declaring him
Cf0e57RMPrY-00137-00034011-00034211 Caesar progressed towards the city and
Cf0e57RMPrY-00138-00034212-00034376 made himself master of the fleet at
Cf0e57RMPrY-00139-00034377-00034646 Ravenna he defeated Julius crispiness
Cf0e57RMPrY-00140-00034647-00034868 the Praetorian prefect who had been sent
Cf0e57RMPrY-00141-00034869-00035042 to halt his progress and went over to
Cf0e57RMPrY-00142-00035043-00035249 his cause the ambassador's sent to turn
Cf0e57RMPrY-00143-00035250-00035477 his troops the Praetorian Guard lacking
Cf0e57RMPrY-00144-00035478-00035651 discipline and sunken debauchery and
Cf0e57RMPrY-00145-00035652-00035852 sloths were incapable of offering any
Cf0e57RMPrY-00146-00035853-00036115 effectual resistance matters being
Cf0e57RMPrY-00147-00036116-00036173 desperate
Cf0e57RMPrY-00148-00036174-00036422 Juliana's now attempted negotiation and
Cf0e57RMPrY-00149-00036423-00036575 offered to share the empire with his
Cf0e57RMPrY-00150-00036576-00036833 rival Severus ignored these overtures
Cf0e57RMPrY-00151-00036834-00037064 and pressed forward all Italy declaring
Cf0e57RMPrY-00152-00037065-00037319 for him as he advanced at last the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00153-00037320-00037478 Praetorians having received assurances
Cf0e57RMPrY-00154-00037479-00037685 that they would suffer no punishment
Cf0e57RMPrY-00155-00037686-00037853 provided they surrendered the actual
Cf0e57RMPrY-00156-00037854-00038036 murderers of pert and axe seized the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00157-00038037-00038207 ringleaders of the conspiracy and
Cf0e57RMPrY-00158-00038208-00038372 reported what they had done to marcus
Cf0e57RMPrY-00159-00038373-00038596 caelius Messala the consul by whom the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00160-00038597-00038765 Senate was summoned and informed of the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00161-00038766-00038942 proceedings the Senate passed a motion
Cf0e57RMPrY-00162-00038943-00039115 proclaiming Severus M
Cf0e57RMPrY-00163-00039116-00039326 awarded divine honors two per tax and
Cf0e57RMPrY-00164-00039327-00039623 sentenced Giuliana's to death Juliana's
Cf0e57RMPrY-00165-00039624-00039824 was deserted by all except one of the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00166-00039825-00040532 prefix and his son-in-law repentant Asst
Cf0e57RMPrY-00167-00040533-00041211 topic execution 193
Cf0e57RMPrY-00168-00041212-00041443 Juliana's was killed in the palace by a
Cf0e57RMPrY-00169-00041444-00041627 soldier in the third month of his reign
Cf0e57RMPrY-00170-00041628-00041999 the 1st of June 193 Severus dismissed
Cf0e57RMPrY-00171-00042000-00042199 the praetorian guard and executed the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00172-00042200-00042390 soldiers who had killed pert enacts
Cf0e57RMPrY-00173-00042391-00042677 according to Casius do who lived in Rome
Cf0e57RMPrY-00174-00042678-00042782 during the period
Cf0e57RMPrY-00175-00042783-00043021 Juliana's his last words were but what
Cf0e57RMPrY-00176-00043022-00043124 evil have I done
Cf0e57RMPrY-00177-00043125-00043414 whom have I killed his body was given to
Cf0e57RMPrY-00178-00043415-00043592 his wife and daughter who buried it in
Cf0e57RMPrY-00179-00043593-00043757 his great-grandfather's tomb by the
Cf0e57RMPrY-00180-00043758-00044090 fifth milestone on the villa bacana
Cf0e57RMPrY-00181-00044091-00044438 equals equals notes
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00000-00000117-00000794 [Music]
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00001-00000795-00001295 we were so cool hey boo those okay
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00002-00001296-00001629 quickly um there is a prank going around
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00003-00001630-00001845 where you put either Austin or Katherine
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00004-00001846-00001971 from the a so me as your wallpaper
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00005-00001972-00002187 though Austin is not home right now he
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00006-00002188-00002361 went to go run some errands we're
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00007-00002362-00002577 actually getting a category three or
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00008-00002578-00002874 category four hurricane this weekend so
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00009-00002875-00003066 we're like sporadic trying to get
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00010-00003067-00003306 everything ready doing laundry cooking
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00011-00003307-00003582 food and stuff so I'm like this is the
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00012-00003583-00003747 perfect time to make him my background
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00013-00003747-00003872 and whenever he gets home I'm gonna ask
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00014-00003874-00004059 him like hey can you put my phone on the
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00015-00004060-00004212 charge or I'm gonna tell my friend to
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00016-00004213-00004341 text me like something for him to
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00017-00004342-00004575 realize you know I'm saying so I got him
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00018-00004576-00005096 as my background I also put him as my
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00019-00005097-00005220 homescreen
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00020-00005221-00005520 to whenever he opens my phone it'll be
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00021-00005521-00005739 there too I don't know what I'm gonna
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00022-00005740-00006066 say but I'm excited let's see how he
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00023-00006067-00006333 reacts I hope he even like notices I'm
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00024-00006334-00006536 gonna set up the camera and then just
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00025-00006537-00006731 press play whenever yes sir
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00026-00006733-00008458 [Music]
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00027-00008459-00008879 [Music]
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00028-00008880-00009039 I know
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00029-00009040-00010237 Red Alert Lexie's Cuba
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00030-00010238-00012269 [Music]
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00031-00012270-00013024 where's the camera where's the camera
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00032-00013025-00014543 breath switching [__] ready to figure
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00033-00014544-00015091 something out your little your little
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00034-00015093-00016106 new background all right well there's
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00035-00016107-00016271 about to be some relationship issues to
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00036-00016272-00017558 keep on trying to be on their level it's
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00037-00017559-00017732 not them it's him you know it's not that
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00038-00017733-00018005 it's just Austin what do you mean you're
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00039-00018006-00018278 sizing it sizing your side of me right
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00040-00018279-00018455 now you're just being ridiculous
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00041-00018456-00018641 you're sizing me right no I just I saw
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00042-00018642-00018847 an injury so they look if you're trying
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00043-00018848-00019369 to be fired just hi I'm done talking
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00044-00019370-00019597 literally when we first met you had a
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00045-00019598-00019744 whole another girl as your background
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00046-00019745-00020015 for like three months random chick
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00047-00020016-00020311 though right
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00048-00020312-00021314 [Music]
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00049-00021315-00021588 come on is talking crazy right so you
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00050-00021589-00022064 get a toilet even cool about it huh
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00051-00022065-00022680 I'm sure you know go get that [__] out
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00052-00022681-00023389 of my face
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00053-00023390-00023909 stop it now give me that all right
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00054-00023910-00024147 technically yeah okay
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00055-00024148-00024441 are you really tan right now need to
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00056-00024442-00024680 give me compliments after you gotta know
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00057-00024681-00024812 you better change about and you can
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00058-00024813-00025180 compliment I'm even talking the French
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00059-00025181-00025430 I'm just trying to get inspired I swear
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00060-00025431-00025608 to it literally I is it Austin and
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00061-00025608-00025703 Catherine both on your background
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00062-00025704-00025899 because he's the main guy no what does
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00063-00025900-00026264 that mean Catherine I'm a job captain is
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00064-00026266-00026468 my wallpaper right if she inspires even
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00065-00026469-00026661 oh yeah she does inspire me yeah yeah I
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00066-00026662-00027608 don't find him a fun picture what are
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00067-00027609-00029607 you really from once again why Joe his
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00068-00029608-00029852 face is like to keep grinding baby
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00069-00029853-00030060 you're annoying my boy he's like keep
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00070-00030061-00030387 grinding you got this Mach 6 it's a good
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00071-00030388-00031682 picture this is mom
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00072-00031683-00032223 did your heart drop know a new joke why
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00073-00032224-00032418 I knew it was a joke cuz you're not
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00074-00032419-00032577 being serious you're not gonna size me
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00075-00032577-00032880 like that you don't think I would he's
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00076-00032881-00033021 playing video games guys you don't think
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00077-00033022-00033396 I would know all right that's a wrap for
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00078-00033397-00033810 today's video I got the reaction I
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00079-00033811-00034101 wanted though cuz I really didn't think
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00080-00034102-00034192 that he was in
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00081-00034193-00034348 think that I would actually do that that
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00082-00034349-00034677 it's I'm just not the type guys so I
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00083-00034678-00035317 think I'm gonna keep it though I think I
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00084-00035318-00035908 might keep it I think I like it
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00085-00035909-00036239 anyways guys comment down below how you
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00086-00036240-00036446 would react if your significant other
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00087-00036447-00036640 put somebody else as their background
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00088-00036641-00036929 and told you some BS like I told him
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00089-00036930-00037174 don't forget to comment like and
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00090-00037175-00038507 subscribe have a great day Nana boo boo
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00091-00038508-00038599 goes
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00092-00038600-00039252 [Music]
Cgi2f0O7NNQ-00093-00039253-00041306 [Applause]
CgIsC1I2ab8-00000-00001942-00002201 hey guys what's up I'm Frank I know
CgIsC1I2ab8-00001-00002202-00002524 strategy with both free using
CgIsC1I2ab8-00002-00002525-00002918 executioner instead of my succubus he's
CgIsC1I2ab8-00003-00002919-00003251 only three of nine skill and his tan is
CgIsC1I2ab8-00004-00003252-00003506 one of five revitalize so nothing great
CgIsC1I2ab8-00005-00003507-00004075 he students only for one second and Wow
CgIsC1I2ab8-00006-00004076-00004475 seems to be very lucky from Punk nuke
CgIsC1I2ab8-00007-00004476-00004722 heavy blow but I I'm not sure at all
CgIsC1I2ab8-00008-00004723-00005156 right now half and that bastion is still
CgIsC1I2ab8-00009-00005157-00005234 going on
CgIsC1I2ab8-00010-00005235-00005565 change tune and it's probably going to
CgIsC1I2ab8-00011-00005566-00005817 be perma still I cannot believe it we
CgIsC1I2ab8-00012-00005818-00006104 found it perm us tomb only one heavy
CgIsC1I2ab8-00013-00006105-00006609 blow hero oh come on I'm going to speed
CgIsC1I2ab8-00014-00006609-00006884 up this guy's if this is going to be a
CgIsC1I2ab8-00015-00006886-00007497 fool for imminent fight than c @ VN okay
ChxkAgY2TUM-00000-00000000-00000289 hey guys infinite nerd here today we're
ChxkAgY2TUM-00001-00000290-00000553 watching the best youtuber to ever exist
ChxkAgY2TUM-00002-00000554-00000857 explosive power cynical and you all know
ChxkAgY2TUM-00003-00000858-00001216 this YouTube is its start of me not only
ChxkAgY2TUM-00004-00001217-00001574 just has signs backing him up he has a
ChxkAgY2TUM-00005-00001575-00002189 3d intro best intro ever made and he
ChxkAgY2TUM-00006-00002190-00002573 also exposed leafy so top right into it
ChxkAgY2TUM-00007-00002574-00003815 a very superior 3d intro good morning my
ChxkAgY2TUM-00008-00003815-00004079 name is family so you're not going to
ChxkAgY2TUM-00009-00004079-00004313 believe this scientists have discovered
ChxkAgY2TUM-00010-00004314-00004595 a new creature who goes by the name
ChxkAgY2TUM-00011-00004596-00004826 title sonic oh I think that's how you
ChxkAgY2TUM-00012-00004827-00005029 say the name I don't know you know you
ChxkAgY2TUM-00013-00005030-00005179 know scientists come up all over her
ChxkAgY2TUM-00014-00005180-00005413 head she had like going to photoshop and
ChxkAgY2TUM-00015-00005414-00005920 take our newspaper put an image and I
ChxkAgY2TUM-00016-00005921-00006209 come with a conspiracy thing and type in
ChxkAgY2TUM-00017-00006210-00006421 privacy like this is what we all
ChxkAgY2TUM-00018-00006422-00006610 photoshopped I don't know why I'm
ChxkAgY2TUM-00019-00006611-00006908 actually funny to me with all you know
ChxkAgY2TUM-00020-00006909-00007100 this kind of names yeah sounds like
ChxkAgY2TUM-00021-00007101-00007355 medicine cabinet or something so I woke
ChxkAgY2TUM-00022-00007356-00007538 up in the morning like a normal day I
ChxkAgY2TUM-00023-00007539-00007787 got on my youtube you know looked a few
ChxkAgY2TUM-00024-00007788-00008009 things up and then I went on Google and
ChxkAgY2TUM-00025-00008009-00008396 then I saw this name of something called
ChxkAgY2TUM-00026-00008397-00008594 pyro cynical I didn't know what that was
ChxkAgY2TUM-00027-00008595-00008828 so I decided to google it after I
ChxkAgY2TUM-00028-00008829-00009031 googled it I found out that there was
ChxkAgY2TUM-00029-00009032-00009263 this blog of some creature which is
ChxkAgY2TUM-00030-00009264-00009524 called but I was kind of surprised this
ChxkAgY2TUM-00031-00009525-00009667 is a new creature which has been
ChxkAgY2TUM-00032-00009668-00009974 discovered so be very careful okay you
ChxkAgY2TUM-00033-00009975-00010199 never know who is around basically what
ChxkAgY2TUM-00034-00010200-00010369 this creature does is like a
ChxkAgY2TUM-00035-00010370-00010658 shape-shifter okay it changes ships
ChxkAgY2TUM-00036-00010659-00011387 sometimes erection all perish because
ChxkAgY2TUM-00037-00011388-00011710 the shapeshifter I just wanna see
ChxkAgY2TUM-00038-00011711-00011951 astronomy takes this be on a call ally
ChxkAgY2TUM-00039-00011952-00012217 on sometimes it like God tutor sometimes
ChxkAgY2TUM-00040-00012218-00012367 a human you know stuff like that
ChxkAgY2TUM-00041-00012368-00012556 sometimes he looks like a demon you know
ChxkAgY2TUM-00042-00012557-00012734 it look like a demon this creature is
ChxkAgY2TUM-00043-00012735-00013136 very smart ok so now pirates indigo is a
ChxkAgY2TUM-00044-00013137-00013344 cheetah human
ChxkAgY2TUM-00045-00013346-00013640 lion combination whenever that he knows
ChxkAgY2TUM-00046-00013641-00013832 how to use internet so sometimes it
ChxkAgY2TUM-00047-00013833-00014177 creates accounts like like I would say
ChxkAgY2TUM-00048-00014178-00014519 YouTube Facebook read it you know all
ChxkAgY2TUM-00049-00014519-00014693 those kind of sites and then what it
ChxkAgY2TUM-00050-00014694-00014909 does is the creature the creature
ChxkAgY2TUM-00051-00014910-00015152 brainwashes a lot of people to follow it
ChxkAgY2TUM-00052-00015153-00015508 and then when people follow the creek
ChxkAgY2TUM-00053-00015509-00015794 when I don't think personalized Facebook
ChxkAgY2TUM-00054-00015794-00016043 it uses rafting but what's more
ChxkAgY2TUM-00055-00016044-00016406 important is Oasis reddit reddit like
ChxkAgY2TUM-00056-00016407-00016796 this is it say that instead of like an e
ChxkAgY2TUM-00057-00016797-00017068 there and I was an either but so good
ChxkAgY2TUM-00058-00017069-00017465 reddit picture the creature are the
ChxkAgY2TUM-00059-00017466-00017741 creature sense is forward to people like
ChxkAgY2TUM-00060-00017742-00017951 me to come and I talk to me you know
ChxkAgY2TUM-00061-00017952-00018347 yeah but people like me but yes somebody
ChxkAgY2TUM-00062-00018348-00018677 is so good he literally drilled himself
ChxkAgY2TUM-00063-00018678-00018914 I bet like someone said goes to yourself
ChxkAgY2TUM-00064-00018915-00019043 and he said I'd make a funny youtube
ChxkAgY2TUM-00065-00019044-00020134 video anything I'm lying okay that laugh
ChxkAgY2TUM-00066-00020135-00020459 mm-hm he's off via nothing like this is
ChxkAgY2TUM-00067-00020460-00020633 boy have a mental disorder something
ChxkAgY2TUM-00068-00020634-00020855 like please tell me if he does like I'm
ChxkAgY2TUM-00069-00020856-00021109 not trying to be mean but like does he
ChxkAgY2TUM-00070-00021110-00021437 like I see that clinically ins he also
ChxkAgY2TUM-00071-00021438-00021836 smoked called Boyd he smoked chalkboard
ChxkAgY2TUM-00072-00021837-00022028 I just no other way to put it he little
ChxkAgY2TUM-00073-00022029-00022340 East litko boys are smoking it the funny
ChxkAgY2TUM-00074-00022341-00022655 thing about this creature it's like the
ChxkAgY2TUM-00075-00022656-00022889 people it brainwashes they don't last
ChxkAgY2TUM-00076-00022890-00023147 long like attacking somebody yeah I know
ChxkAgY2TUM-00077-00023148-00023447 one day this creature sent a bunch of
ChxkAgY2TUM-00078-00023448-00023642 people to attack me and then they
ChxkAgY2TUM-00079-00023643-00023879 attacked me and only for like work for a
ChxkAgY2TUM-00080-00023880-00024134 week are then they disappeared I didn't
ChxkAgY2TUM-00081-00024135-00024380 see them again the creatures fans or the
ChxkAgY2TUM-00082-00024381-00024596 creature followers they are very weak
ChxkAgY2TUM-00083-00024597-00024962 very very difficult fire cynical be
ChxkAgY2TUM-00084-00024963-00025259 aware you are weak you have been hitting
ChxkAgY2TUM-00085-00025260-00025724 the gym never skip leg day Stephanie
ChxkAgY2TUM-00086-00025725-00025975 will come for you so many well leave
ChxkAgY2TUM-00087-00025976-00026532 hate be warned week haha
ChxkAgY2TUM-00088-00026533-00026930 I can't wait to laugh like he says like
ChxkAgY2TUM-00089-00026931-00027155 he's like I think he's clinically insane
ChxkAgY2TUM-00090-00027156-00027377 like I'm not trying to be mean but let's
ChxkAgY2TUM-00091-00027378-00027651 just just listen to it so one of the
ChxkAgY2TUM-00092-00027652-00027842 scientists was able to capture the
ChxkAgY2TUM-00093-00027843-00028115 creature on camera I control can and I'm
ChxkAgY2TUM-00094-00028116-00028254 about to show you the pictures of the
ChxkAgY2TUM-00095-00028255-00028464 creature so you can be careful you know
ChxkAgY2TUM-00096-00028464-00028635 like try to be safe when you see the
ChxkAgY2TUM-00097-00028636-00029145 creature okay okay here there okay so
ChxkAgY2TUM-00098-00029145-00029312 this is gonna be my favorite part of the
ChxkAgY2TUM-00099-00029313-00029505 video gosh you're fine you see power
ChxkAgY2TUM-00100-00029506-00031439 cynical
ChxkAgY2TUM-00101-00031440-00031933 so another to lie this is all real
ChxkAgY2TUM-00102-00031934-00032369 pictures of pyro cynical no one knows
ChxkAgY2TUM-00103-00032370-00032588 what he looks so what creatures like
ChxkAgY2TUM-00104-00032589-00032804 this create like Facebook Twitter
ChxkAgY2TUM-00105-00032805-00033074 YouTube and stuff like that they do not
ChxkAgY2TUM-00106-00033075-00033341 show their face I mean if you see a face
ChxkAgY2TUM-00107-00033342-00033548 like that like the creature suggest
ChxkAgY2TUM-00108-00033549-00033779 showed you you know you see it's scary
ChxkAgY2TUM-00109-00033780-00033950 nobody would like subscribe to that
ChxkAgY2TUM-00110-00033951-00034157 creature or follow that creature and
ChxkAgY2TUM-00111-00034158-00034367 stuff like that so what they do is they
ChxkAgY2TUM-00112-00034368-00034589 take dancer gaming where you don't have
ChxkAgY2TUM-00113-00034590-00034763 to show your face and then you just sit
ChxkAgY2TUM-00114-00034764-00034930 behind your computer and just talk [__]
ChxkAgY2TUM-00115-00034931-00035285 and stuff like that or just you know
ChxkAgY2TUM-00116-00035286-00035444 what I'm trying to say is these
ChxkAgY2TUM-00117-00035445-00035717 creatures they are like brainwashes they
ChxkAgY2TUM-00118-00035718-00035966 just like brainwash people yeah that's a
ChxkAgY2TUM-00119-00035967-00036218 new study a new study I pretty much is
ChxkAgY2TUM-00120-00036219-00036437 the thing literally humans be doing for
ChxkAgY2TUM-00121-00036438-00036773 hundreds of years saying like we've been
ChxkAgY2TUM-00122-00036774-00037085 much people right but like just the time
ChxkAgY2TUM-00123-00037086-00037315 period human experimenting was no legal
ChxkAgY2TUM-00124-00037316-00037616 within about killing so many people is
ChxkAgY2TUM-00125-00037617-00037865 saying but you know Sammy he's all
ChxkAgY2TUM-00126-00037866-00038021 scientifically based so we don't know
ChxkAgY2TUM-00127-00038022-00038288 who you follow and to who you talk to
ChxkAgY2TUM-00128-00038289-00038477 because you never know who you're
ChxkAgY2TUM-00129-00038478-00038756 following okay so i think last week or
ChxkAgY2TUM-00130-00038757-00039095 last month yeah wait was that those last
ChxkAgY2TUM-00131-00039096-00039395 week last week the creature which goes
ChxkAgY2TUM-00132-00039396-00039710 by the name Veronica was like oh spotted
ChxkAgY2TUM-00133-00039711-00040040 someone in a Russian Samara you guys are
ChxkAgY2TUM-00134-00040041-00040294 no personal calls a youtuber based in UK
ChxkAgY2TUM-00135-00040295-00040541 not what sure maybe even went there
ChxkAgY2TUM-00136-00040542-00040835 before my knowledge she's never like he
ChxkAgY2TUM-00137-00040836-00041000 like probably been in Russia but he
ChxkAgY2TUM-00138-00041001-00041339 doesn't live in Russia just saying but
ChxkAgY2TUM-00139-00041340-00041552 you know no one knows because family is
ChxkAgY2TUM-00140-00041553-00041864 all scientifically backed up with all
ChxkAgY2TUM-00141-00041865-00042254 this it's no theory or real he's
ChxkAgY2TUM-00142-00042255-00042500 exposing power cynical the creature is
ChxkAgY2TUM-00143-00042501-00042810 crazy man and it's very scary so please
ChxkAgY2TUM-00144-00042811-00043067 please be careful okay be careful
ChxkAgY2TUM-00145-00043068-00043329 anyways that's a new creature which has
ChxkAgY2TUM-00146-00043330-00043652 been discovered have a nice day just
ChxkAgY2TUM-00147-00043653-00044734 wanted warning okay
ChxkAgY2TUM-00148-00044735-00045217 you
ChxkAgY2TUM-00149-00045218-00045496 screeches very unpredictable so be
ChxkAgY2TUM-00150-00045497-00045998 careful anyways I hope you guys enjoy
ChxkAgY2TUM-00151-00045999-00046315 this video great it was really fun to
ChxkAgY2TUM-00152-00046316-00046549 make I don't like making this video so
ChxkAgY2TUM-00153-00046550-00046687 let me know if you guys want more of
ChxkAgY2TUM-00154-00046688-00047311 these type of videos um yeah so that's
ChxkAgY2TUM-00155-00047312-00047749 the in for the nerd signing out and also
ChxkAgY2TUM-00156-00047750-00048205 one like gets you one ticket off of this
ChxkAgY2TUM-00157-00048206-00048626 world away from Santa me over a frump I
ChxkAgY2TUM-00158-00048627-00048921 was cynical before you get to you
ChxkAgY2TUM-00159-00048922-00049139 unserious know guys I kind of like
ChxkAgY2TUM-00160-00049140-00049307 making these videos I notice my voice
ChxkAgY2TUM-00161-00049308-00049592 kind of like this kind of video already
ChxkAgY2TUM-00162-00049593-00049761 called the most videos or whatever
ChxkAgY2TUM-00163-00049762-00050320 really fun to do I enjoy them so hope
ChxkAgY2TUM-00164-00050321-00050819 you guys like this and goodbye
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00000-00000043-00000424 Lazare ski Nature Reserve Russian Lazar
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00001-00000425-00000695 skis apathetic also Lazar ski is a
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00002-00000696-00001043 Russian Zappa Vedic strict ecological
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00003-00001044-00001307 reserve that sits on the south eastern
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00004-00001308-00001558 slopes of the sikhote-alin mountain
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00005-00001559-00001810 range down to the coast of the Sea of
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00006-00001811-00002167 Japan in Primorsky Krai in the Russian
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00007-00002168-00002567 Far East about 150 kilometers due east
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00008-00002568-00003055 of Vladivostok the reserve as 95%
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00009-00003056-00003368 forested with the largest stand of yew
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00010-00003369-00003656 trees in the Russian Far East and has
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00011-00003657-00003926 been the subject of scientific study
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00012-00003927-00004288 since the 1800s for its rich communities
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00013-00004289-00004552 of plants and animals found in the
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00014-00004553-00004883 transition Mountain to maritime zones in
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00015-00004884-00005279 a temperate rainy forest lizanne ski
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00016-00005280-00005591 reserve contains more species than any
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00017-00005592-00005872 other reserve in the Russian Far East
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00018-00005873-00006224 and 60% of the species in the priam
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00019-00006225-00006559 worki region are found on the reserve it
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00020-00006561-00006905 is jointly managed with the zov tigre
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00021-00006906-00007198 National Park located about 50
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00022-00007200-00007592 kilometers to the northwest the reserve
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00023-00007593-00007901 is situated entirely within the Lazar
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00024-00007902-00008291 ski district of Primorsky Krai the
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00025-00008292-00008732 reserve was created in 1957 and covers
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00026-00008733-00009574 an area of 120,000 989 hectares 460 7.14
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00027-00009575-00010260 square miles
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00028-00010261-00010849 topic topography
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00029-00010850-00011155 the reserve as bounded by the valleys of
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00030-00011156-00011491 the Kyiv qey and chernaya rivers as they
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00031-00011492-00011704 stream from the mountain ridge that runs
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00032-00011705-00012022 along the northwest border down to the
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00033-00012023-00012412 sea to the east approximately 50
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00034-00012413-00012724 kilometers of the territory as coastline
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00035-00012725-00013051 on the Sea of Japan with Rocky character
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00036-00013052-00013341 and cliffs that reach to 100 meters
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00037-00013343-00013696 above the water the boundaries also
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00038-00013697-00014032 contain two small forested Islands
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00039-00014033-00014410 Petrov and Belles off average altitude
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00040-00014411-00014841 as 500 to 700 feet with the highest
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00041-00014843-00015384 peaks at 1400 meters slopes are steep
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00042-00015385-00015841 typically 20 to 25 percent there are few
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00043-00015841-00016069 lakes and rivers are generally
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00044-00016069-00016429 non-navigable the rivers and streams are
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00045-00016430-00017192 important salmon spawning grounds
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00046-00017193-00017864 topic climate and ecoregion
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00047-00017865-00018188 Lazare ski is located in the UH Surrey
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00048-00018189-00018514 broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00049-00018515-00018880 unlike most temperate forests ecoregions
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00050-00018881-00019211 the levels of biodiversity and endemism
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00051-00019212-00019553 are high in the u.s. su our broadleaf
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00052-00019554-00019855 and mixed forests ecoregion due to the
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00053-00019856-00020141 close proximity of multiple climate
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00054-00020142-00020578 zones and variety of terrain the forests
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00055-00020579-00020816 in this ecoregion are typically
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00056-00020817-00021136 Manchurian ash and Japanese Elm in the
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00057-00021137-00021425 lowlands korean pine and broadleaf
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00058-00021426-00021758 forests in the middle elevations and fir
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00059-00021759-00022039 and spruce up to the sub alpine levels
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00060-00022040-00022330 the climate of Lizewski as humid
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00061-00022331-00022496 continental climate
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00062-00022497-00022684 cool summer köppen climate
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00063-00022685-00023225 classification dwb this climate is
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00064-00023226-00023500 characterized by high variation in
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00065-00023501-00023800 temperature both daily and seasonally
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00066-00023801-00024203 with dry winters and cool summers the
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00067-00024204-00024469 Zap evadne ridge runs across the middle
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00068-00024470-00024784 the northern extent of the reserve has a
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00069-00024785-00025061 more continental climate the southern
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00070-00025062-00025787 extent more maritime
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00071-00025788-00026412 topic flora and fauna
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00072-00026413-00026761 the reserve has three altitude zones of
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00073-00026762-00027111 forest broadleaf forest of mostly oak at
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00074-00027112-00027396 the lower levels mixed pine broadleaf
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00075-00027397-00027705 forest at the middle elevation and dark
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00076-00027706-00028140 taiga coniferous forest above 1,100
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00077-00028141-00028558 meters in the subalpine levels parts of
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00078-00028558-00028795 the reserve have escaped commercial
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00079-00028795-00029052 logging and have old-growth stands of
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00080-00029053-00029455 trees in the mixed forest zone the
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00081-00029456-00029736 dominant species of pine and oak are
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00082-00029737-00030120 joined by over 60 other species
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00083-00030120-00030426 undergrowth as often dense bushes of
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00084-00030427-00030887 Hazel lespedeza roses and viburnum
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00085-00030888-00031180 scientists in the reserve have recorded
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00086-00031181-00031818 the 1284 species of vascular plants 285
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00087-00031819-00032382 species of mosses 685 species of algae
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00088-00032383-00033183 407 of lichens 407 and 1189 of fungi of
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00089-00033184-00033624 these species 168 are endemic or rare
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00090-00033625-00033939 birds are especially well represented
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00091-00033940-00034365 with 344 species having been recorded
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00092-00034366-00034795 and 140 species are nesting the
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00093-00034796-00035101 endangered and more tiger as resident in
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00094-00035102-00035679 the reserve
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00095-00035680-00036276 topic ecotourism
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00096-00036277-00036642 as a strict nature reserve the Lazar ski
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00097-00036643-00036896 reserve is mostly closed to the general
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00098-00036897-00037202 public although scientists and those
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00099-00037203-00037521 with environmental education purposes
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00100-00037522-00037739 can make arrangements with park
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00101-00037740-00038123 management for visits there are four
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00102-00038124-00038373 eco-tourist routes in the reserve
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00103-00038374-00038667 however that are open to the public but
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00104-00038668-00038921 the number of visits is limited each
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00105-00038922-00039260 year and visits must be made in groups
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00106-00039261-00039621 the reserve operates a nature museum
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00107-00039622-00039887 outside of the boundaries in the village
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00108-00039888-00040527 of Lazo
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00109-00040528-00041126 topic see also
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00110-00041127-00041498 list of Russian nature reserves class 1a
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00111-00041499-00042103 Zappa veneks national parks of Russia
ChZ5HJAI8cg-00112-00042104-00042515 protected areas of Russia
Chc3lQiSTJu-00000-00000010-00000918 [Music]
Chc3lQiSTJu-00001-00000919-00002883 [Music]
Chc3lQiSTJu-00002-00002884-00003463 um
Chc3lQiSTJu-00003-00003464-00004283 [Music]
Chc3lQiSTJu-00004-00004284-00004579 foreign
Chc3lQiSTJu-00005-00004580-00005274 [Music]
Chc3lQiSTJu-00006-00005275-00005683 [Music]
Chc3lQiSTJu-00007-00005684-00005922 foreign
Chc3lQiSTJu-00008-00005923-00007083 [Music]
Chc3lQiSTJu-00009-00007084-00007512 oh
Chc3lQiSTJu-00010-00007513-00008175 [Music]
Chc3lQiSTJu-00011-00008176-00008483 [Music]
Chc3lQiSTJu-00012-00008484-00008961 yes
Chc3lQiSTJu-00013-00008962-00011283 [Music]
Chc3lQiSTJu-00014-00011284-00011584 oh
CiGsOxQ93yM-00000-00000552-00000749 some of the wisest advice you'll ever
CiGsOxQ93yM-00001-00000750-00001079 get is when starting a project it's best
CiGsOxQ93yM-00002-00001080-00001319 to begin at the beginning
CiGsOxQ93yM-00003-00001320-00001487 this is as true in developing
CiGsOxQ93yM-00004-00001488-00001714 presentations as as
CiGsOxQ93yM-00005-00001716-00001997 any other part of life we have to start
CiGsOxQ93yM-00006-00001998-00002291 somewhere so oftentimes it's best to
CiGsOxQ93yM-00007-00002292-00002513 start at the start
CiGsOxQ93yM-00008-00002514-00002699 in this video we'll discuss the work
CiGsOxQ93yM-00009-00002700-00002897 that goes in to developing your
CiGsOxQ93yM-00010-00002898-00003184 presentation the important work that you
CiGsOxQ93yM-00011-00003185-00003419 do before you ever get in front of an
CiGsOxQ93yM-00012-00003420-00003659 audience which is where in truth the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00013-00003660-00003856 majority of your presentational work
CiGsOxQ93yM-00014-00003857-00004099 will happen
CiGsOxQ93yM-00015-00004100-00004319 so let's start with some of the basics
CiGsOxQ93yM-00016-00004320-00004541 that we need to do to get prepared to
CiGsOxQ93yM-00017-00004542-00004859 deliver a business presentation
CiGsOxQ93yM-00018-00004860-00005063 the first thing we need to identify in
CiGsOxQ93yM-00019-00005064-00005249 delivering a presentation is our general
CiGsOxQ93yM-00020-00005250-00005375 purpose
CiGsOxQ93yM-00021-00005376-00005549 a general purpose could take many forms
CiGsOxQ93yM-00022-00005550-00005836 it could be to inform
CiGsOxQ93yM-00023-00005837-00006238 to persuade to entertain
CiGsOxQ93yM-00024-00006239-00006443 any of these are fine general purposes
CiGsOxQ93yM-00025-00006444-00006664 but we need to know right from the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00026-00006665-00006989 get-go what is our intended purpose for
CiGsOxQ93yM-00027-00006990-00007139 this speech are we simply sharing
CiGsOxQ93yM-00028-00007140-00007313 information with the audience
CiGsOxQ93yM-00029-00007314-00007601 or are we trying to persuade them to
CiGsOxQ93yM-00030-00007602-00007937 take a particular action or Viewpoint or
CiGsOxQ93yM-00031-00007938-00008134 are we simply here to entertain the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00032-00008136-00008392 audience to fill some time and and bring
CiGsOxQ93yM-00033-00008393-00008728 some laughter or are we paying honor a
CiGsOxQ93yM-00034-00008729-00008969 tribute to a particular person or topic
CiGsOxQ93yM-00035-00008970-00009263 or event we need to identify very early
CiGsOxQ93yM-00036-00009264-00009563 on what our general purpose is
CiGsOxQ93yM-00037-00009564-00009887 in this presentation that will guide the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00038-00009888-00010085 rest of our preparation process and the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00039-00010086-00010324 rest of our presentation
CiGsOxQ93yM-00040-00010325-00010487 once we have the general purpose
CiGsOxQ93yM-00041-00010488-00010678 identified then we can move on to the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00042-00010679-00010942 specific purpose which then adds to the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00043-00010943-00011188 general purpose of to inform to persuade
CiGsOxQ93yM-00044-00011189-00011321 or so forth
CiGsOxQ93yM-00045-00011322-00011591 an identification of the audience and I
CiGsOxQ93yM-00046-00011592-00011806 and an identification of these specific
CiGsOxQ93yM-00047-00011807-00012185 topic area so for example a specific
CiGsOxQ93yM-00048-00012186-00012503 purpose may be to inform my audience
CiGsOxQ93yM-00049-00012504-00012851 about the political career of Ronald
CiGsOxQ93yM-00050-00012852-00013157 Reagan okay so there I've identified the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00051-00013158-00013336 general purpose to inform
CiGsOxQ93yM-00052-00013337-00013516 I've identified the audience just
CiGsOxQ93yM-00053-00013518-00013703 vaguely by saying my audience and
CiGsOxQ93yM-00054-00013704-00013835 recognition that there is an audience
CiGsOxQ93yM-00055-00013836-00014093 but it could be to inform high school
CiGsOxQ93yM-00056-00014094-00014393 students to inform my Sunday school
CiGsOxQ93yM-00057-00014394-00014711 class to inform a group of citizens
CiGsOxQ93yM-00058-00014712-00014885 whoever it is we're going to identify
CiGsOxQ93yM-00059-00014886-00015016 that audience so we know who we're
CiGsOxQ93yM-00060-00015018-00015197 speaking to and then we're going to
CiGsOxQ93yM-00061-00015197-00015407 identify what our specific purpose is
CiGsOxQ93yM-00062-00015408-00015797 the political career of Ronald Reagan
CiGsOxQ93yM-00063-00015797-00016001 so a specific purpose puts all of those
CiGsOxQ93yM-00064-00016002-00016330 things together and continues to narrow
CiGsOxQ93yM-00065-00016331-00016547 our Focus from just the broader general
CiGsOxQ93yM-00066-00016548-00016943 purpose into a more specific purpose
CiGsOxQ93yM-00067-00016944-00017086 getting prepared also means
CiGsOxQ93yM-00068-00017087-00017321 acknowledging the context and
CiGsOxQ93yM-00069-00017322-00017608 constraints of that presentation so
CiGsOxQ93yM-00070-00017609-00017915 context meaning is this presentation for
CiGsOxQ93yM-00071-00017916-00018136 a business setting is this presentation
CiGsOxQ93yM-00072-00018137-00018311 for a Sunday school class is this a
CiGsOxQ93yM-00073-00018312-00018508 presentation to an elementary school
CiGsOxQ93yM-00074-00018509-00018730 class
CiGsOxQ93yM-00075-00018731-00018971 that context will determine
CiGsOxQ93yM-00076-00018972-00019247 by extension then or our use of language
CiGsOxQ93yM-00077-00019248-00019505 our use of visual aids and our our the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00078-00019506-00019733 level at which we approach this topic so
CiGsOxQ93yM-00079-00019734-00019997 we need to very early on know okay who
CiGsOxQ93yM-00080-00019998-00020189 am I speaking to and what is the context
CiGsOxQ93yM-00081-00020190-00020380 for this presentation
CiGsOxQ93yM-00082-00020381-00020549 um and then also the physical setting
CiGsOxQ93yM-00083-00020550-00020800 and things like that for context but
CiGsOxQ93yM-00084-00020801-00021058 also the constraints have were you given
CiGsOxQ93yM-00085-00021059-00021329 a given a time limit for this
CiGsOxQ93yM-00086-00021330-00021539 presentation do we need to have this
CiGsOxQ93yM-00087-00021540-00021772 wrapped up within 10 minutes or within
CiGsOxQ93yM-00088-00021773-00022013 an hour or you know things like that is
CiGsOxQ93yM-00089-00022014-00022271 there a particular time of day that this
CiGsOxQ93yM-00090-00022272-00022378 is happening and what are the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00091-00022379-00022564 constraints surrounding that that we
CiGsOxQ93yM-00092-00022565-00022805 need to use to shape this presentation
CiGsOxQ93yM-00093-00022806-00022972 as well
CiGsOxQ93yM-00094-00022973-00023164 these items are general purpose-specific
CiGsOxQ93yM-00095-00023165-00023339 purpose and context and constraints
CiGsOxQ93yM-00096-00023340-00023675 provide the basic Foundation
CiGsOxQ93yM-00097-00023676-00023849 for the rest of our
CiGsOxQ93yM-00098-00023850-00024355 decisions in preparing this presentation
CiGsOxQ93yM-00099-00024356-00024569 on some occasions it may be important
CiGsOxQ93yM-00100-00024570-00024857 for us to also select a topic now
CiGsOxQ93yM-00101-00024858-00025061 granted there are times when the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00102-00025062-00025307 audience or the person asking you to
CiGsOxQ93yM-00103-00025308-00025480 speak is going to identify that topic
CiGsOxQ93yM-00104-00025481-00025727 for you especially if it's a topic on
CiGsOxQ93yM-00105-00025727-00025925 which you happen to have some sort of
CiGsOxQ93yM-00106-00025926-00026177 subject matter expertise but if it's
CiGsOxQ93yM-00107-00026177-00026417 open to whatever you want to speak about
CiGsOxQ93yM-00108-00026418-00026746 or even open within a broader Topic at
CiGsOxQ93yM-00109-00026747-00026951 some point we need to select a topic and
CiGsOxQ93yM-00110-00026952-00027089 continue to narrow that down as well
CiGsOxQ93yM-00111-00027089-00027287 when we're thinking about selecting a
CiGsOxQ93yM-00112-00027288-00027479 topic there are a few things we want to
CiGsOxQ93yM-00113-00027480-00027623 keep in mind
CiGsOxQ93yM-00114-00027624-00028127 first novel topics are always
CiGsOxQ93yM-00115-00028127-00028361 a good place to start what's something
CiGsOxQ93yM-00116-00028362-00028535 that's going to be new to the audience
CiGsOxQ93yM-00117-00028536-00028774 giving a speech on how to tie your shoes
CiGsOxQ93yM-00118-00028775-00028943 or how to make a peanut butter and jelly
CiGsOxQ93yM-00119-00028944-00029020 sandwich
CiGsOxQ93yM-00120-00029022-00029249 for an adult audience in particular is
CiGsOxQ93yM-00121-00029250-00029405 probably not something that's going to
CiGsOxQ93yM-00122-00029406-00029602 gain and hold their attention because
CiGsOxQ93yM-00123-00029604-00029758 it's something they already know about
CiGsOxQ93yM-00124-00029760-00029993 we ought to at least have a different
CiGsOxQ93yM-00125-00029994-00030202 angle on whatever topic that is if it's
CiGsOxQ93yM-00126-00030204-00030431 a well-known topic or be a topic that
CiGsOxQ93yM-00127-00030432-00030587 they're not familiar with and that's
CiGsOxQ93yM-00128-00030588-00030796 going to it can gain and hold their
CiGsOxQ93yM-00129-00030797-00030983 interest by virtue of being something
CiGsOxQ93yM-00130-00030983-00031174 different
CiGsOxQ93yM-00131-00031175-00031457 we also want to consider relevance
CiGsOxQ93yM-00132-00031458-00031690 what's important to you is not
CiGsOxQ93yM-00133-00031691-00031883 necessarily what's important to or
CiGsOxQ93yM-00134-00031883-00032135 interests an audience so relevance
CiGsOxQ93yM-00135-00032136-00032464 exists between those two areas you ought
CiGsOxQ93yM-00136-00032466-00032596 to speak on something that you think is
CiGsOxQ93yM-00137-00032597-00032746 important and that you think the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00138-00032747-00032885 audience will think is important but
CiGsOxQ93yM-00139-00032886-00033040 something that captures your interest
CiGsOxQ93yM-00140-00033041-00033305 because that will give you more of a
CiGsOxQ93yM-00141-00033306-00033545 spark as a speaker but we can't ignore
CiGsOxQ93yM-00142-00033546-00033755 what is going to be of interest the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00143-00033756-00033923 audience if we don't speak on a topic
CiGsOxQ93yM-00144-00033924-00034067 that's going to be of interest to them
CiGsOxQ93yM-00145-00034068-00034355 then I can we're going to fail to gain
CiGsOxQ93yM-00146-00034356-00034565 and hold their their interests
CiGsOxQ93yM-00147-00034566-00034787 throughout the speech so we need to
CiGsOxQ93yM-00148-00034788-00035033 consider relevance based on not only
CiGsOxQ93yM-00149-00035034-00035218 what's important to us but also what is
CiGsOxQ93yM-00150-00035219-00035393 important to and of interest to the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00151-00035394-00035627 audience and find our topic in the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00152-00035628-00036077 overlap of those two important areas
CiGsOxQ93yM-00153-00036078-00036311 we need to consider the scope of our
CiGsOxQ93yM-00154-00036312-00036551 presentation by scope we're essentially
CiGsOxQ93yM-00155-00036552-00036790 referring to the depth and breadth of
CiGsOxQ93yM-00156-00036791-00037007 our presentation every presentation is
CiGsOxQ93yM-00157-00037008-00037174 going to have a certain amount of of
CiGsOxQ93yM-00158-00037175-00037427 depth of content How Deeply we can get
CiGsOxQ93yM-00159-00037428-00037637 into this subject matter
CiGsOxQ93yM-00160-00037638-00037871 and then the breadth how much of this we
CiGsOxQ93yM-00161-00037872-00038039 can fit in
CiGsOxQ93yM-00162-00038040-00038483 so if our breadth is too broad for the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00163-00038484-00038740 given time constraints then we're not
CiGsOxQ93yM-00164-00038741-00038879 going to have enough time for depth
CiGsOxQ93yM-00165-00038880-00039077 we're going to be a mile wide and an
CiGsOxQ93yM-00166-00039078-00039293 inch deep on this topic area and not
CiGsOxQ93yM-00167-00039294-00039502 give the audience anything of any
CiGsOxQ93yM-00168-00039503-00039701 consequence or anything that might be
CiGsOxQ93yM-00169-00039702-00039827 useful to them
CiGsOxQ93yM-00170-00039828-00040061 but likewise if we only consider depth
CiGsOxQ93yM-00171-00040062-00040205 if we go too deep without considering
CiGsOxQ93yM-00172-00040206-00040396 breath then we may be narrowing that
CiGsOxQ93yM-00173-00040397-00040607 topic too much and narrowing it too much
CiGsOxQ93yM-00174-00040608-00040745 for audience interest or for
CiGsOxQ93yM-00175-00040746-00040937 understanding so we need to find that
CiGsOxQ93yM-00176-00040938-00041207 balance in scope of okay what is the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00177-00041208-00041327 appropriate
CiGsOxQ93yM-00178-00041328-00041668 depth and breadth for not only the topic
CiGsOxQ93yM-00179-00041669-00041861 that I've chosen but the time
CiGsOxQ93yM-00180-00041862-00041974 constraints that we've already
CiGsOxQ93yM-00181-00041975-00042161 identified in the context in which we're
CiGsOxQ93yM-00182-00042162-00042365 speaking so all of that needs to be in
CiGsOxQ93yM-00183-00042366-00042605 the mix once can when considering the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00184-00042606-00042815 scope and identifying the appropriate
CiGsOxQ93yM-00185-00042816-00043151 level of depth and breadth
CiGsOxQ93yM-00186-00043152-00043385 now we are at the very beginning of
CiGsOxQ93yM-00187-00043386-00043546 developing a presentation these are all
CiGsOxQ93yM-00188-00043547-00043702 things that we should consider before we
CiGsOxQ93yM-00189-00043703-00043985 really start preparing the formal
CiGsOxQ93yM-00190-00043986-00044201 presentation putting together our our
CiGsOxQ93yM-00191-00044202-00044435 main ideas even and things like that so
CiGsOxQ93yM-00192-00044436-00044645 we're just at step one of a multi-step
CiGsOxQ93yM-00193-00044646-00044789 process here but these are some
CiGsOxQ93yM-00194-00044790-00045023 important considerations that need to be
CiGsOxQ93yM-00195-00045024-00045239 on our mind as we are beginning the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00196-00045240-00045461 process of developing any business
CiGsOxQ93yM-00197-00045462-00045689 presentation
CiGsOxQ93yM-00198-00045690-00045868 if you have questions about the process
CiGsOxQ93yM-00199-00045869-00046096 of starting a business presentation or
CiGsOxQ93yM-00200-00046097-00046312 what you should be considering in that
CiGsOxQ93yM-00201-00046313-00046480 context please feel free to email me I'd
CiGsOxQ93yM-00202-00046481-00046637 love to hear from you there in the
CiGsOxQ93yM-00203-00046638-00046852 meantime I hope this lays the groundwork
CiGsOxQ93yM-00204-00046853-00047152 for our further discussion of preparing
CiGsOxQ93yM-00205-00047153-00047399 and presenting an effective business
CiGsOxQ93yM-00206-00047400-00047672 presentation
CjyUTMKdJ18-00000-00000003-00000221 hey guys do you have an old steam link
CjyUTMKdJ18-00001-00000222-00000455 sitting around now you're not using well
CjyUTMKdJ18-00002-00000456-00000703 don't let it collect dust I'm gonna show
CjyUTMKdJ18-00003-00000704-00000886 you how to natively install retroarch on
CjyUTMKdJ18-00004-00000888-00001066 it so you can get to playing your retro
CjyUTMKdJ18-00005-00001067-00002269 games as fast as possible
CjyUTMKdJ18-00006-00002270-00002537 so this is actually incredibly easy to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00007-00002538-00002723 do and the only thing you really need
CjyUTMKdJ18-00008-00002724-00003067 besides the steam link itself is a
CjyUTMKdJ18-00009-00003068-00003272 keyboard and mouse that you can plug
CjyUTMKdJ18-00010-00003272-00003490 into the steam link the steam link
CjyUTMKdJ18-00011-00003492-00003818 native controller and of course a USB
CjyUTMKdJ18-00012-00003819-00003971 Drive because we're gonna want to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00013-00003972-00004181 install some software on the steam link
CjyUTMKdJ18-00014-00004182-00004535 so let's jump right into it big credits
CjyUTMKdJ18-00015-00004536-00004757 and shoutout goes to a couple of people
CjyUTMKdJ18-00016-00004758-00005029 who set up guides on the steam community
CjyUTMKdJ18-00017-00005030-00005300 forums links to their guides and all
CjyUTMKdJ18-00018-00005301-00005459 resources are going to be down in the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00019-00005460-00005725 description below as well as timestamps
CjyUTMKdJ18-00020-00005726-00005839 to everything throughout this entire
CjyUTMKdJ18-00021-00005840-00006143 video tutorial so let's jump right into
CjyUTMKdJ18-00022-00006144-00006335 it the first thing you're going to want
CjyUTMKdJ18-00023-00006336-00006787 to do is format your USB stick to fat32
CjyUTMKdJ18-00024-00006788-00007013 to do that just plug it into your
CjyUTMKdJ18-00025-00007014-00007250 computer if you're on Windows 10 you'll
CjyUTMKdJ18-00026-00007251-00007453 see something like this we're gonna plug
CjyUTMKdJ18-00027-00007454-00007616 the USB stick into the computer and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00028-00007617-00007823 it'll pop up so there's my 8 gigabyte
CjyUTMKdJ18-00029-00007823-00008110 USB memory stick you'll want to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00030-00008111-00008353 right-click on it and go down to format
CjyUTMKdJ18-00031-00008354-00008638 you can click on that and make sure it's
CjyUTMKdJ18-00032-00008639-00008912 selected to fat32 and hit start I've
CjyUTMKdJ18-00033-00008913-00009059 already done this on mine so I'm not
CjyUTMKdJ18-00034-00009060-00009416 gonna redo it now that your USB stick
CjyUTMKdJ18-00035-00009417-00009616 has been formatted you're going to want
CjyUTMKdJ18-00036-00009617-00009812 to go down to one of the links I have
CjyUTMKdJ18-00037-00009813-00010021 below in the description and download
CjyUTMKdJ18-00038-00010022-00010360 retroarch it's version 1.7 7 and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00039-00010361-00010609 included with the package are all the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00040-00010610-00010733 cores that you're going to need to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00041-00010734-00011134 emulate a good chunk of old retro games
CjyUTMKdJ18-00042-00011135-00011387 now these cores are essentially the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00043-00011388-00011609 emulators that you need and the ones
CjyUTMKdJ18-00044-00011610-00011933 that come packaged with retroarch 1.77
CjyUTMKdJ18-00045-00011934-00012145 have been tested too early so they
CjyUTMKdJ18-00046-00012146-00012298 should work for you just fine out of the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00047-00012299-00012523 box once this package has been
CjyUTMKdJ18-00048-00012524-00012698 downloaded we're going to pull some
CjyUTMKdJ18-00049-00012699-00012857 things out of it that we need in a
CjyUTMKdJ18-00050-00012858-00013069 moment but first we need to create some
CjyUTMKdJ18-00051-00013071-00013388 folders on your USB key go to the root
CjyUTMKdJ18-00052-00013388-00013669 of your drive you're gonna want to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00053-00013671-00013872 create this steam link folder here
CjyUTMKdJ18-00054-00013874-00014162 within that you want an apps directory
CjyUTMKdJ18-00055-00014163-00014397 and a config
CjyUTMKdJ18-00056-00014397-00014649 inside of the config directory is a
CjyUTMKdJ18-00057-00014650-00015099 system so make that in here you're gonna
CjyUTMKdJ18-00058-00015100-00015354 want to create a text file called enable
CjyUTMKdJ18-00059-00015355-00015863 underscore SSH so we're gonna need this
CjyUTMKdJ18-00060-00015865-00016077 in a moment because we're also going to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00061-00016078-00016371 download FileZilla and we're gonna be
CjyUTMKdJ18-00062-00016372-00016622 connecting to the steam link from our
CjyUTMKdJ18-00063-00016623-00016872 computer over our home network and this
CjyUTMKdJ18-00064-00016873-00017272 file is going to allow us to do that so
CjyUTMKdJ18-00065-00017273-00017508 we can go up and you see that there's
CjyUTMKdJ18-00066-00017509-00017739 also an app structure II there are two
CjyUTMKdJ18-00067-00017740-00017874 things here that we're going to want to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00068-00017875-00018353 put on to our thumb drive and that's the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00069-00018354-00018662 retroarch folder and the USB mount
CjyUTMKdJ18-00070-00018663-00019008 directory now both of these are apps for
CjyUTMKdJ18-00071-00019009-00019260 the seam link retroarch of course is
CjyUTMKdJ18-00072-00019261-00019512 going to be our overlay that lets us
CjyUTMKdJ18-00073-00019513-00019761 load the different cores or aka the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00074-00019762-00020136 emulators to load our games and USB
CjyUTMKdJ18-00075-00020137-00020428 mount is an app that lets us load
CjyUTMKdJ18-00076-00020429-00020724 different all your rom files and things
CjyUTMKdJ18-00077-00020725-00021015 like that off of a attached USB hard
CjyUTMKdJ18-00078-00021016-00021288 drive or USB drive to the steam link now
CjyUTMKdJ18-00079-00021289-00021489 this is important because the steam link
CjyUTMKdJ18-00080-00021490-00021774 only has I think like 300 megabytes
CjyUTMKdJ18-00081-00021775-00022028 natively for memory that we can work
CjyUTMKdJ18-00082-00022029-00022311 with on the device that's obviously not
CjyUTMKdJ18-00083-00022312-00022519 going to be enough if you get into
CjyUTMKdJ18-00084-00022520-00022781 importing a whole bunch of like ps1
CjyUTMKdJ18-00085-00022782-00023078 games or if you want to try getting into
CjyUTMKdJ18-00086-00023079-00023381 n64 emulation things like that obviously
CjyUTMKdJ18-00087-00023382-00023577 that memory isn't going to go very far
CjyUTMKdJ18-00088-00023578-00023922 with only 300 megabytes so as you can
CjyUTMKdJ18-00089-00023923-00024147 see on the desktop we have a zipped
CjyUTMKdJ18-00090-00024148-00024483 archive is for a retroarch 177 and USB
CjyUTMKdJ18-00091-00024484-00024699 mount here you can just open these up
CjyUTMKdJ18-00092-00024700-00025005 and take the directories and click and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00093-00025006-00025311 drag them right on to your USB key into
CjyUTMKdJ18-00094-00025312-00025580 your apps directory same thing for USB
CjyUTMKdJ18-00095-00025581-00025842 mount just open it up there it is just
CjyUTMKdJ18-00096-00025843-00026114 click and drag it into your apps rectory
CjyUTMKdJ18-00097-00026114-00026420 so with everything now on your USB stick
CjyUTMKdJ18-00098-00026422-00026694 you can go ahead and eject it from your
CjyUTMKdJ18-00099-00026695-00026949 computer you just go to your drive right
CjyUTMKdJ18-00100-00026950-00027143 click on it and hit
CjyUTMKdJ18-00101-00027144-00027507 just like that now you want to take that
CjyUTMKdJ18-00102-00027508-00027741 USB stick and plug it into your seam
CjyUTMKdJ18-00103-00027742-00027969 link wallets powered off once we boot it
CjyUTMKdJ18-00104-00027970-00028145 back up you're gonna see retroarch on
CjyUTMKdJ18-00105-00028147-00028443 the main menu now that you can see
CjyUTMKdJ18-00106-00028444-00028614 retroarch on the main menu of the seam
CjyUTMKdJ18-00107-00028614-00028851 link you can safely take out your USB
CjyUTMKdJ18-00108-00028852-00029256 stick retroarch and USB mount have
CjyUTMKdJ18-00109-00029257-00029460 effectively copied themselves over to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00110-00029461-00029685 the working memory of the seam link
CjyUTMKdJ18-00111-00029686-00029964 which is great it's important to also
CjyUTMKdJ18-00112-00029964-00030294 note at this point the guide says that
CjyUTMKdJ18-00113-00030295-00030585 if nothing shows up you can power off
CjyUTMKdJ18-00114-00030586-00030849 and try a different port with your USB
CjyUTMKdJ18-00115-00030850-00031173 stick it's sometimes finicky depending
CjyUTMKdJ18-00116-00031174-00031410 on the brand that you're using I'm using
CjyUTMKdJ18-00117-00031411-00031629 a generic Kingston it's Nate gigabyte I
CjyUTMKdJ18-00118-00031630-00031902 didn't have any issues but if you do
CjyUTMKdJ18-00119-00031902-00032112 just swap ports and try the process
CjyUTMKdJ18-00120-00032113-00032427 again if that also causes issues for you
CjyUTMKdJ18-00121-00032427-00032664 just grab a different USB stick and try
CjyUTMKdJ18-00122-00032664-00032922 that it's also really important to make
CjyUTMKdJ18-00123-00032923-00033177 sure that you do pull the USB stick out
CjyUTMKdJ18-00124-00033178-00033351 before you power off the seam link
CjyUTMKdJ18-00125-00033352-00033570 otherwise you're going to overwrite your
CjyUTMKdJ18-00126-00033571-00033738 installation next time you boot up the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00127-00033739-00033990 device with this seam link turned on
CjyUTMKdJ18-00128-00033991-00034185 you're also going to want to make note
CjyUTMKdJ18-00129-00034186-00034353 of what your IP address on your home
CjyUTMKdJ18-00130-00034354-00034659 network is we're going to use this once
CjyUTMKdJ18-00131-00034660-00034995 we boot up FileZilla and FTP into the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00132-00034996-00035277 steam link alright this is a super fun
CjyUTMKdJ18-00133-00035278-00035504 part now if you haven't already
CjyUTMKdJ18-00134-00035505-00035787 downloaded and installed FileZilla I'll
CjyUTMKdJ18-00135-00035788-00035922 have a link to it also down in the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00136-00035923-00036234 description below but install it and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00137-00036235-00036459 what we're going to want to do here is
CjyUTMKdJ18-00138-00036460-00036744 FTP over our home network into this
CjyUTMKdJ18-00139-00036745-00036963 steam link so your host addresses your
CjyUTMKdJ18-00140-00036964-00037221 IP address for the steam link for me
CjyUTMKdJ18-00141-00037222-00037725 that's 192 168 1.2 107 the username is
CjyUTMKdJ18-00142-00037726-00038016 root the password is all lowercase steam
CjyUTMKdJ18-00143-00038017-00038349 link 1 2 3 and the ports going to be 22
CjyUTMKdJ18-00144-00038350-00038748 hit quick connect and what you'll see is
CjyUTMKdJ18-00145-00038749-00039027 the root directory ever seam link down
CjyUTMKdJ18-00146-00039028-00039174 in this window down here
CjyUTMKdJ18-00147-00039175-00039420 so right above will see steam and home
CjyUTMKdJ18-00148-00039421-00039696 click on home directory down here you
CjyUTMKdJ18-00149-00039697-00039970 can see apps this is where retroarch
CjyUTMKdJ18-00150-00039971-00040201 should be installed so click on apps and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00151-00040202-00040567 there's retroarch in USB mounts go into
CjyUTMKdJ18-00152-00040568-00040908 retroarch and here you can find roms and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00153-00040909-00041095 cores and again the cores are
CjyUTMKdJ18-00154-00041096-00041320 essentially your emulators and all of
CjyUTMKdJ18-00155-00041321-00041548 package where you can download all the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00156-00041549-00041805 emulators that are known to work on the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00157-00041806-00042108 steam link natively and of course roms
CjyUTMKdJ18-00158-00042109-00042420 so you can go into roms and set up all
CjyUTMKdJ18-00159-00042421-00042696 your directories for your roms I have
CjyUTMKdJ18-00160-00042697-00043224 Gameboy NES and Super NES and then you
CjyUTMKdJ18-00161-00043225-00043458 can go to cores so these are the ones
CjyUTMKdJ18-00162-00043459-00043746 that I have installed right now I think
CjyUTMKdJ18-00163-00043747-00044070 this one's Gameboy Genesis I think
CjyUTMKdJ18-00164-00044071-00044301 that's Game Boy Advance one Nintendo
CjyUTMKdJ18-00165-00044302-00044745 PlayStation and Super Nintendo ones when
CjyUTMKdJ18-00166-00044746-00044982 you download extract and open up all the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00167-00044983-00045273 other cores you're gonna see them in
CjyUTMKdJ18-00168-00045274-00045540 your directory just like this and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00169-00045541-00045832 they're all dot ISO files so you're
CjyUTMKdJ18-00170-00045833-00046051 basically just going to want to select
CjyUTMKdJ18-00171-00046052-00046351 the ones that you want and click and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00172-00046352-00046717 drag them over there's an n64 one right
CjyUTMKdJ18-00173-00046718-00046986 there you just click and drag it over to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00174-00046987-00047349 FileZilla and let go and it's as simple
CjyUTMKdJ18-00175-00047350-00047554 as that you can see it copying over to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00176-00047555-00047811 the steam link and it just copied that
CjyUTMKdJ18-00177-00047812-00048012 core right over to the steam link over
CjyUTMKdJ18-00178-00048013-00048308 your home network when you're done
CjyUTMKdJ18-00179-00048309-00048507 copying everything over that you want to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00180-00048508-00048693 copy over you can close this I'm just
CjyUTMKdJ18-00181-00048694-00048858 gonna leave it open for now and minimize
CjyUTMKdJ18-00182-00048859-00049083 it same with this you might want to go
CjyUTMKdJ18-00183-00049084-00049351 back and forth a few times as you test
CjyUTMKdJ18-00184-00049352-00049605 different emulators because you're
CjyUTMKdJ18-00185-00049606-00049810 probably gonna want to download things
CjyUTMKdJ18-00186-00049811-00049983 from the net and copy things over back
CjyUTMKdJ18-00187-00049984-00050187 and forth so you can leave them open or
CjyUTMKdJ18-00188-00050188-00050427 close them that's up to you so again
CjyUTMKdJ18-00189-00050428-00050589 it's also important to keep in mind that
CjyUTMKdJ18-00190-00050590-00050814 the steam link only has 300 megabytes of
CjyUTMKdJ18-00191-00050815-00051183 data on it so if you want to put like
CjyUTMKdJ18-00192-00051184-00051460 every single ROM that you own onto a USB
CjyUTMKdJ18-00193-00051461-00051673 stick or on a drive you can do that and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00194-00051674-00051894 use usb mount the other app that we saw
CjyUTMKdJ18-00195-00051895-00052022 previously
CjyUTMKdJ18-00196-00052023-00052340 load those wrongs from a drive so now
CjyUTMKdJ18-00197-00052341-00052499 that you're done setting up this steam
CjyUTMKdJ18-00198-00052500-00052844 link to run retroarch natively on it you
CjyUTMKdJ18-00199-00052845-00053066 have to boot up retroarch so let's go
CjyUTMKdJ18-00200-00053066-00053315 back over to the steam link and i'll
CjyUTMKdJ18-00201-00053316-00053616 show you how to set things up from there
CjyUTMKdJ18-00202-00053617-00053897 all right so from here we can boot up
CjyUTMKdJ18-00203-00053898-00054142 retroarch just hit a on your steam link
CjyUTMKdJ18-00204-00054144-00054722 controller
CjyUTMKdJ18-00205-00054723-00055061 and here's the main menu so it's pretty
CjyUTMKdJ18-00206-00055062-00055316 simple there are a lot of different
CjyUTMKdJ18-00207-00055316-00055513 things that you can do to configure this
CjyUTMKdJ18-00208-00055514-00055733 so the first thing you're going to want
CjyUTMKdJ18-00209-00055734-00056051 to do is go to the online updater and go
CjyUTMKdJ18-00210-00056052-00056419 down to update joypad profiles press a
CjyUTMKdJ18-00211-00056420-00056629 and you'll download them from the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00212-00056630-00056783 internet it's going to download this
CjyUTMKdJ18-00213-00056784-00057064 Auto config zip file and extract it and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00214-00057065-00057292 this is essentially going to make sure
CjyUTMKdJ18-00215-00057294-00057440 that you have all the basic
CjyUTMKdJ18-00216-00057441-00057635 configuration files needed for most
CjyUTMKdJ18-00217-00057636-00057989 gamepads once that's complete you can go
CjyUTMKdJ18-00218-00057990-00058617 down to settings go to input devices and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00219-00058619-00058949 you can set up any additional gamepads
CjyUTMKdJ18-00220-00058950-00059191 that you might have for example I have a
CjyUTMKdJ18-00221-00059192-00059366 Wii U pro controller that I use
CjyUTMKdJ18-00222-00059366-00059591 wirelessly with the device the steam
CjyUTMKdJ18-00223-00059591-00059801 link natively supports Bluetooth
CjyUTMKdJ18-00224-00059802-00060091 controllers which is amazing so go to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00225-00060092-00060683 Mac's users I set mine up to 4 I also
CjyUTMKdJ18-00226-00060684-00061109 like to press quit twice just in case I
CjyUTMKdJ18-00227-00061110-00061220 accidentally hit something on the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00228-00061221-00061421 keyboard and it boots out of retroarch
CjyUTMKdJ18-00229-00061422-00061613 that's obviously no good if you're in
CjyUTMKdJ18-00230-00061614-00061838 the middle of a game it's important to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00231-00061839-00061976 note here that when you're in an
CjyUTMKdJ18-00232-00061977-00062242 emulator you can change the toggle
CjyUTMKdJ18-00233-00062244-00062528 gamepad combo pressing start and select
CjyUTMKdJ18-00234-00062529-00063016 for example will bring up the menu but
CjyUTMKdJ18-00235-00063017-00063107 we can change it to different
CjyUTMKdJ18-00236-00063108-00063488 combinations as well but for now we're
CjyUTMKdJ18-00237-00063489-00063764 gonna leave it at start and select if
CjyUTMKdJ18-00238-00063765-00063914 you do happen to have a wireless
CjyUTMKdJ18-00239-00063915-00064169 controller Wii U pro controller like me
CjyUTMKdJ18-00240-00064170-00064751 you can go down to user 1 binds in under
CjyUTMKdJ18-00241-00064752-00065017 user one device index you can see it
CjyUTMKdJ18-00242-00065019-00065252 says steam controller I can press right
CjyUTMKdJ18-00243-00065253-00065441 on the analog stick and change my steam
CjyUTMKdJ18-00244-00065441-00066066 controller to the Wii U pro controller
CjyUTMKdJ18-00245-00066067-00066295 now if you do this with a different type
CjyUTMKdJ18-00246-00066296-00066526 of controller it's automatically going
CjyUTMKdJ18-00247-00066527-00066724 to shift over to that controller and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00248-00066725-00066889 you're no longer going to be able to use
CjyUTMKdJ18-00249-00066890-00067114 your steam link controller for your user
CjyUTMKdJ18-00250-00067115-00067378 1 so just pick up your other controller
CjyUTMKdJ18-00251-00067379-00067591 and you'll be able to navigate your
CjyUTMKdJ18-00252-00067592-00067828 menus again like I said there are so
CjyUTMKdJ18-00253-00067829-00068116 many things you can do here to configure
CjyUTMKdJ18-00254-00068117-00068443 your retroarch I could make it as our
CjyUTMKdJ18-00255-00068444-00068662 another video on that but for now I'm
CjyUTMKdJ18-00256-00068663-00068944 just going to focus on the absolute
CjyUTMKdJ18-00257-00068945-00069295 basics and that of course involves how
CjyUTMKdJ18-00258-00069296-00069712 to actually load a rom so again I've
CjyUTMKdJ18-00259-00069713-00069946 said this a few times but the cores are
CjyUTMKdJ18-00260-00069947-00070168 your emulators so you're going to want
CjyUTMKdJ18-00261-00070169-00070735 to go to load core go down to cores and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00262-00070736-00070933 this is where we put all of our
CjyUTMKdJ18-00263-00070934-00071179 different emulators when we F tp'ed into
CjyUTMKdJ18-00264-00071180-00071565 the steam link so let's just boot up
CjyUTMKdJ18-00265-00071566-00071989 snes9x that's a pretty popular Super
CjyUTMKdJ18-00266-00071990-00072312 Nintendo emulator
CjyUTMKdJ18-00267-00072313-00072762 once we select that we can go to content
CjyUTMKdJ18-00268-00072763-00073119 go to our Super Nintendo directory and
CjyUTMKdJ18-00269-00073120-00073870 let's select Zelda 3 I'll link to the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00270-00073871-00074455 past once you hit your main key which is
CjyUTMKdJ18-00271-00074456-00074674 a or for me it's because it's backwards
CjyUTMKdJ18-00272-00074675-00074890 on the Wii U pro controller you can
CjyUTMKdJ18-00273-00074891-00076124 select snes9x 2010
CjyUTMKdJ18-00274-00076125-00076399 and just like that we have some Zelda
CjyUTMKdJ18-00275-00076400-00076693 link to the past all right so while
CjyUTMKdJ18-00276-00076694-00076813 you're in the middle of playing game
CjyUTMKdJ18-00277-00076814-00077036 you're going to want to bring up your
CjyUTMKdJ18-00278-00077037-00077236 main menu at some point and save the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00279-00077237-00077465 state so depending on what you set your
CjyUTMKdJ18-00280-00077466-00077761 key bindings to previously by default
CjyUTMKdJ18-00281-00077762-00078012 it's starting select you can hit those
CjyUTMKdJ18-00282-00078013-00078499 and let's try to do it it's difficult
CjyUTMKdJ18-00283-00078500-00078793 with Zelda because of the menu coming up
CjyUTMKdJ18-00284-00078794-00079091 when you hit start but this is what
CjyUTMKdJ18-00285-00079092-00079750 happens the quick menu comes up and you
CjyUTMKdJ18-00286-00079751-00079898 can do a bunch of different things here
CjyUTMKdJ18-00287-00079899-00080255 you can restart the game if you want you
CjyUTMKdJ18-00288-00080256-00080431 can close the game out you can take a
CjyUTMKdJ18-00289-00080432-00080705 screenshot but what I really love is
CjyUTMKdJ18-00290-00080706-00081106 that you can save your States so just to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00291-00081107-00081284 show you how this works as an example
CjyUTMKdJ18-00292-00081285-00082265 let's hit save state and we'll take a
CjyUTMKdJ18-00293-00082266-00082817 moment to save the state and it's saved
CjyUTMKdJ18-00294-00082818-00083194 to slot 0 and so we can keep playing the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00295-00083195-00083960 game or we can quit and just as an
CjyUTMKdJ18-00296-00083961-00084134 example we'll go to a different part on
CjyUTMKdJ18-00297-00084135-00084758 the map here
CjyUTMKdJ18-00298-00084759-00085185 go back to our quick menu and we'll load
CjyUTMKdJ18-00299-00085186-00086304 our state and there we are back where we
CjyUTMKdJ18-00300-00086305-00086760 saved her state all right so it's really
CjyUTMKdJ18-00301-00086761-00086982 as simple as that we went from having a
CjyUTMKdJ18-00302-00086983-00087270 dusty old seam link sitting around doing
CjyUTMKdJ18-00303-00087271-00087524 absolutely nothing having this awesome
CjyUTMKdJ18-00304-00087525-00087831 retro box sitting underneath our TV
CjyUTMKdJ18-00305-00087832-00088035 where we can boot up any of our favorite
CjyUTMKdJ18-00306-00088036-00088215 emulators and player games anytime we
CjyUTMKdJ18-00307-00088216-00088263 want
CjyUTMKdJ18-00308-00088264-00088632 Zoho thanks so much for watching I hope
CjyUTMKdJ18-00309-00088633-00088836 this was helpful and a little bit
CjyUTMKdJ18-00310-00088837-00089055 inspirational to you I hope that you
CjyUTMKdJ18-00311-00089056-00089268 work through yourself let me know down
CjyUTMKdJ18-00312-00089269-00089415 in the comments below if you have any
CjyUTMKdJ18-00313-00089416-00089571 problems I'd be more than happy to help
CjyUTMKdJ18-00314-00089572-00089781 you out with it you can also jump into
CjyUTMKdJ18-00315-00089782-00090087 our discord and I or one of our mods
CjyUTMKdJ18-00316-00090088-00090282 will help you there too
CjyUTMKdJ18-00317-00090283-00090459 thanks again for watching and I'll see
CjyUTMKdJ18-00318-00090460-00091211 you in the next video
CjyUTMKdJ18-00319-00091212-00091417 this video is made possible thanks to
CjyUTMKdJ18-00320-00091418-00091618 your support please continue to like
CjyUTMKdJ18-00321-00091619-00091811 comment on ensure emulated with your
CjyUTMKdJ18-00322-00091812-00092017 friends you can also level up your
CjyUTMKdJ18-00323-00092018-00092206 support by becoming a patreon supporter
CjyUTMKdJ18-00324-00092207-00093449 like these awesome people
CjyUTMKdJ18-00325-00093450-00093784 it's really hard to play backwards or
CjyUTMKdJ18-00326-00093785-00094010 through watching the camera I should say
CjyUTMKdJ18-00327-00094011-00094368 but let's see if we can get into the
CjyUTMKdJ18-00328-00094369-00095354 tunnel so much lightning yep
CjyUTMKdJ18-00329-00095355-00096032 no we're on the wrong side
CjyUTMKdJ18-00330-00096033-00096290 we're on the wrong side
CjyUTMKdJ18-00331-00096291-00096666 all right Zelda I think the next game
CjyUTMKdJ18-00332-00096667-00097122 Zelda should save herself I think it's
CjyUTMKdJ18-00333-00097123-00097368 about time
Ck0CS17x2UU-00000-00001017-00002969 Oh
Ck0CS17x2UU-00001-00002970-00003363 see later she chewed I saw a face on the
Ck0CS17x2UU-00002-00003364-00003639 hall no holiday she can Alicia just had
Ck0CS17x2UU-00003-00003640-00003876 a to cover with the depot
Ck0CS17x2UU-00004-00003877-00004229 she had to be in choosing yo I just
Ck0CS17x2UU-00005-00004230-00004506 showed up Josh I mean I'll show it say
Ck0CS17x2UU-00006-00004507-00004821 tango bar way so just gotta go through
Ck0CS17x2UU-00007-00004822-00006096 so hello Ajay Shastri tone sound
Ck0CS17x2UU-00008-00006097-00006509 attention to the scene she was hired at
Ck0CS17x2UU-00009-00006511-00006744 OCCC whatever high sound Everton gone
Ck0CS17x2UU-00010-00006745-00007044 towards oh she's naked eye and Romasanta
Ck0CS17x2UU-00011-00007045-00007377 vapor captured soldier but maintenance I
Ck0CS17x2UU-00012-00007378-00007664 Luigi tenement does it tell her she's
Ck0CS17x2UU-00013-00007665-00007855 inside
Ck0CS17x2UU-00014-00007856-00008199 it's a good day in torches if a song
Ck0CS17x2UU-00015-00008200-00008521 senior Haddad mom's having Waker just
Ck0CS17x2UU-00016-00008522-00008819 Google sure Tom Whalley Argentina a
Ck0CS17x2UU-00017-00008820-00009062 dying father who was running a each end
Ck0CS17x2UU-00018-00009063-00009251 and I got home booty and AHA not son
Ck0CS17x2UU-00019-00009252-00009533 Kashi their system does it she said how
Ck0CS17x2UU-00020-00009534-00009809 when Jane Doe has evaluation loud atop a
Ck0CS17x2UU-00021-00009810-00010466 lot of engine that doesn't intervene as
Ck0CS17x2UU-00022-00010467-00010702 a high schooler still out on the way had
Ck0CS17x2UU-00023-00010703-00010955 to be a notorious wanna switch organize
Ck0CS17x2UU-00024-00010956-00011312 surcharges it to let you light up under
Ck0CS17x2UU-00025-00011313-00011641 things where hutch is a high taller Ling
Ck0CS17x2UU-00026-00011642-00013149 what what shadow host good singing
Ck0CS17x2UU-00027-00013150-00013515 oh hi Jetta yo yo face our homage is it
Ck0CS17x2UU-00028-00013516-00013650 your walk
Ck0CS17x2UU-00029-00013651-00013955 turns out some way to occur Chung
Ck0CS17x2UU-00030-00013956-00014241 England your attention Charlotte pardon
Ck0CS17x2UU-00031-00014241-00014331 ain't she
Ck0CS17x2UU-00032-00014332-00014757 now let's Alicia don't either -
Ck0CS17x2UU-00033-00014758-00015041 shanira Steven Hassan midoriko the party
Ck0CS17x2UU-00034-00015043-00015312 and gonna run she she has salsa henna
Ck0CS17x2UU-00035-00015313-00016514 which she calls it her
Ck0CS17x2UU-00036-00016515-00016802 what's your hand something else it have
Ck0CS17x2UU-00037-00016803-00017178 - awesome can pass and a made when
Ck0CS17x2UU-00038-00017179-00017436 the new singing sir face only move she
Ck0CS17x2UU-00039-00017437-00017936 shall sing us out how are you just
Ck0CS17x2UU-00040-00017937-00019636 tossin is Ohio
Ck0CS17x2UU-00041-00019637-00020099 that's ha ha the PLC ahead
Ck8im2lbPx0-00000-00000032-00000247 okay so now we're going to look in
Ck8im2lbPx0-00001-00000248-00000430 tinkercad about how we actually add
Ck8im2lbPx0-00002-00000431-00000615 different shapes so over the right hand
Ck8im2lbPx0-00003-00000616-00000767 panel over here
Ck8im2lbPx0-00004-00000768-00000943 you see there's a whole lot of different
Ck8im2lbPx0-00005-00000944-00001215 types of shapes that we can put in
Ck8im2lbPx0-00006-00001216-00001511 so what we're going to do is just look
Ck8im2lbPx0-00007-00001512-00001671 at the basic shapes to start with and
Ck8im2lbPx0-00008-00001672-00001807 you'll see there's a few different ones
Ck8im2lbPx0-00009-00001807-00001967 we've got here as well too and
Ck8im2lbPx0-00010-00001968-00002231 to add a shape all you have to do is to
Ck8im2lbPx0-00011-00002232-00002367 take that shape
Ck8im2lbPx0-00012-00002368-00002710 drag it onto your work pane over here
Ck8im2lbPx0-00013-00002711-00002902 and there you go you've actually got a
Ck8im2lbPx0-00014-00002903-00003126 shape that has been put into there
Ck8im2lbPx0-00015-00003127-00003286 and you can put any other shape in you
Ck8im2lbPx0-00016-00003288-00003470 can put many shapes
Ck8im2lbPx0-00017-00003471-00003647 you put shapes on top of each other and
Ck8im2lbPx0-00018-00003647-00003806 partly through each other
Ck8im2lbPx0-00019-00003807-00003999 but you just click and drag them on and
Ck8im2lbPx0-00020-00004000-00004143 that's how we actually
Ck8im2lbPx0-00021-00004144-00004584 add our shapes to um tinkercad
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00000-00000053-00000294 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00001-00000295-00001417 many times
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00002-00001418-00003047 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00003-00003048-00003599 foreign
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00004-00003600-00004072 now
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00005-00004073-00005235 married
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00006-00005236-00006923 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00007-00006923-00007545 you want some
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00008-00007545-00009013 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00009-00009014-00011304 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00010-00011305-00011533 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00011-00011534-00011946 time bikini still at home
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00012-00011947-00012277 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00013-00012278-00012733 actually it's a Mary's house
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00014-00012734-00013001 no they're not there either that's
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00015-00013002-00013180 nothing to worry about they've been late
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00016-00013181-00014047 before they're probably Finn's house
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00017-00014047-00014586 for longer having a quote
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00018-00014587-00014899 or the library
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00019-00014900-00015230 foreign
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00020-00015231-00016131 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00021-00016132-00017832 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00022-00017833-00019350 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00023-00019351-00020276 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00024-00020277-00020605 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00025-00020606-00021041 for their pets and
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00026-00021042-00021208 use her mother's pretty close to pretend
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00027-00021209-00021355 she was grown up too
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00028-00021356-00021575 and she would trust them with her
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00029-00021576-00021713 deepest secrets and laugh with them
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00030-00021714-00021875 because the world is so friendly and
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00031-00021876-00022108 full of fun and all you have to do is
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00032-00022109-00023785 what Mom and Daddy asked
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00033-00023786-00024089 I don't want to go home I'll take you
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00034-00024090-00025471 home pretty soon
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00035-00025472-00025684 you do what I say and then I'll take you
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00036-00025685-00026627 home
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00037-00026629-00027983 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00038-00027983-00030323 laughs
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00039-00030324-00031920 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00040-00031922-00032611 thank you
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00041-00032612-00033187 the parents finally called the police
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00042-00033188-00033418 it doesn't seem possible that anything
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00043-00033419-00033617 could happen to theirs they're such good
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00044-00033618-00033883 girls but the presence of the police
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00045-00033884-00034217 they're quiet seriousness brings home to
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00046-00034218-00034396 the parents the reality of what they
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00047-00034397-00034555 might be confronted with
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00048-00034556-00035617 will you describe your daughter
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00049-00035618-00035993 before and your daughter
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00050-00035994-00036323 she is only eight dark hair and eyes
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00051-00036324-00036883 pretty and wearing a pink sunscreen
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00052-00036884-00037199 no one I've talked to
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00053-00037200-00037457 I talked with all my friends they just
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00054-00037458-00037765 remember seeing the girls
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00055-00037766-00038152 isn't that something we could do we'll
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00056-00038153-00040875 find it
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00057-00040876-00041359 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00058-00041360-00041609 the information obtained by the police
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00059-00041610-00041812 is swiftly checked out the car is
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00060-00041813-00042067 alerted
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00061-00042068-00042305 several hours after the two girls left
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00062-00042306-00042611 their homes the two witnesses helped put
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00063-00042612-00042893 the pieces together one of the witnesses
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00064-00042894-00043115 was the woman who went by the playground
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00065-00043116-00044567 she lives across the street from America
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00066-00044568-00045099 girl
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00067-00045100-00045611 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00068-00045612-00046254 are you sure
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00069-00046255-00047465 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00070-00047466-00047921 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00072-00051608-00053557 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00073-00053558-00053719 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00075-00058183-00058476 thank you
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00076-00058477-00059532 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00077-00059533-00059776 then Kathy repeated the story to the
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00078-00059777-00060059 police genius and Mary's parents
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00079-00060060-00060292 like any terrorist Mary's mother
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00080-00060294-00060444 thoughts
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00081-00060445-00060865 why my child wow
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00082-00060866-00061147 why not in the other one
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00083-00061148-00061429 there are why
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00084-00061429-00061787 but my girl knows who says I always
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00085-00061788-00062075 answer the questions honestly when she
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00086-00062076-00062347 was only six I told her
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00087-00062348-00062776 the idea of the seed and the Egg the
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00088-00062777-00063041 mother's heart and the fathers about
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00089-00063041-00063371 love and marriage I keep no secrets from
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00090-00063372-00063559 her
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00091-00063560-00063809 of course I never told her about this
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00092-00063810-00064200 sickness
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00093-00064201-00064475 that some people find pleasure molesting
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00094-00064476-00064715 young girls it's my Walker understanding
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00095-00064716-00065100 about sex
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00096-00065101-00065380 I only did what every parent tries to do
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00097-00065382-00065959 but why my child
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00098-00065960-00066319 the answer is
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00099-00066320-00066688 they know about molesters but unlike you
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00100-00066689-00066959 they realized it was necessary to give
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00101-00066960-00067205 Kathy specific information about child
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00102-00067206-00067511 molesters people with perverted Minds
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00103-00067512-00067813 with joy touching young children
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00104-00067814-00068026 Kathy's parents know that most child
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00105-00068027-00068303 molesting cases can be prevented not all
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00106-00068304-00068482 of course but most would have never
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00107-00068483-00068705 happened if the child victims had some
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00108-00068706-00068932 time been given the opportunity to know
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00109-00068933-00069221 their enemies like putting the child's
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00110-00069222-00069455 molester look like they have semester
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00111-00069456-00069649 faces
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00112-00069650-00069863 or do they look like people you see
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00113-00069864-00070447 every day
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00114-00070448-00070691 police records show child molesters
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00115-00070692-00070859 range from the very rich to the very
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00116-00070860-00071203 poor they can be old or young
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00117-00071204-00071437 where are they from
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00118-00071438-00071944 here or in houses just like your own
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00119-00071945-00072215 calculate if they can be anybody and
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00120-00072216-00072605 live any place the thing that matters is
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00121-00072606-00072893 that they do exist the child must know
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00122-00072894-00073263 what to do approach
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00123-00073264-00074238 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00124-00074239-00074567 more warning children can prevent most
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00125-00074568-00075067 molesting
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00126-00075068-00075317 crimesirable mental Association in the
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00127-00075318-00075415 child's mind
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00128-00075416-00075676 only if warnings are part of the child's
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00129-00075677-00075947 General sex education education about
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00130-00075948-00076217 molesters is a specific subject to be
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00131-00076218-00076493 handled separately for the best molester
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00132-00076494-00076732 prevention program start with free
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00133-00076733-00077009 school children and for a non-alamming
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00134-00077010-00077231 effect you should combine rules about
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00135-00077232-00077531 strangers with safety rules and rules of
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00136-00077532-00077855 wakanda such as look both ways before
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00137-00077856-00078799 crossing the street
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00138-00078800-00079091 don't fit into automobiles or take walks
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00139-00079092-00079355 with strangers say no thank you and be
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00140-00079356-00079561 firm
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00141-00079562-00079888 always do your homework and get invited
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00142-00079889-00080153 into a car after refusing write down the
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00143-00080154-00081115 license number
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00144-00081116-00081359 and if a stranger talks to you or
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00145-00081360-00081871 touches you call the Usher
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00146-00081872-00082150 make your allowance last the entire week
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00147-00082151-00082450 and don't accept money candy or Troy
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00148-00082451-00082559 from strangers
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00149-00082560-00083017 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00150-00083018-00083362 If lost go to the nearest policeman for
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00151-00083363-00085069 help
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00152-00085070-00085421 if a stranger asks directions tell him
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00153-00085422-00085661 to see a policeman or inquire at the
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00154-00085662-00086003 nearest store never go with it or nip
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00155-00086004-00086862 his car
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00156-00086863-00087221 never be late for school never go with a
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00157-00087222-00087437 stranger even if he says your mother or
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00158-00087438-00087703 father sent him to get you
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00159-00087704-00087869 parents should tell their children
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00160-00087870-00088056 they'll never send a stranger for it
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00161-00088057-00088306 teachers should never release a child to
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00162-00088307-00088505 a stranger without first checking with
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00163-00088506-00088794 parents
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00164-00088795-00089281 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00165-00089282-00089531 I'm sorry I don't know who you are but
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00166-00089532-00089699 even with a written note I can't permit
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00167-00089700-00089903 him to go with you or anyone else unless
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00168-00089904-00090035 I first check with his parents
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00169-00090036-00090299 personally
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00170-00090300-00090498 foreign
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00171-00090499-00091691 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00172-00091692-00092106 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00173-00092107-00092338 although in some areas parents permit
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00174-00092339-00092506 others to teach their children The Facts
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00175-00092507-00092831 of Life the Molester education is your
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00176-00092832-00093091 responsibility
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00177-00093092-00093317 authorities contend that it is
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00178-00093318-00093550 negligible for today's parents who have
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00179-00093551-00093700 to educate their children about child
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00180-00093701-00094212 molesters
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00181-00094213-00094555 a few minutes
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00182-00094556-00095209 a lifetime of grief
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00183-00095210-00096134 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00184-00096135-00096594 [Music]
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00185-00096595-00097003 thank you
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00186-00097004-00097273 missing girls were found
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00187-00097274-00097693 these are the actual police films
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00188-00097694-00098141 your children put their trust in you do
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00189-00098142-00098423 not betray them teach them all the
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00190-00098424-00098741 safety rules give them their chance at
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00191-00098742-00099676 life
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00192-00099677-00102640 foreign
CneY7Xrh-Ic-00193-00102641-00102941 foreign
DohMqV5JatI-00000-00004351-00004870 [Music]
D0Zd8Qe5vxU-00000-00000006-00000048 foreign
D0Zd8Qe5vxU-00002-00003510-00006406 foreign
D0Zd8Qe5vxU-00004-00009815-00011303 foreign
D0Zd8Qe5vxU-00005-00011304-00012893 [Music]
D0Zd8Qe5vxU-00006-00012894-00013106 thank you
D1KUXqrnDhA-00000-00000350-00000534 [Music]
D1KUXqrnDhA-00001-00000535-00000916 I always like walking in the rain so no
D1KUXqrnDhA-00002-00000917-00001337 one can see me crying
D1KUXqrnDhA-00003-00001338-00001612 life isn't about waiting for the storm
D1KUXqrnDhA-00004-00001613-00001943 to pass it's about learning to dance in
D1KUXqrnDhA-00005-00001944-00002237 the rain
D1KUXqrnDhA-00006-00002238-00002591 do not be angry with the rain it simply
D1KUXqrnDhA-00007-00002592-00003034 does not know how to fall upwards
D1KUXqrnDhA-00008-00003035-00003499 poetry is just so emo he said
D1KUXqrnDhA-00009-00003500-00003790 oh the pain
D1KUXqrnDhA-00010-00003792-00004001 the pain
D1KUXqrnDhA-00011-00004002-00004295 it always rains
D1KUXqrnDhA-00012-00004296-00004553 in my soul
D1KUXqrnDhA-00013-00004554-00004859 rainy days should be spent at home with
D1KUXqrnDhA-00014-00004860-00005238 a cup of tea and a good book
D1KUXqrnDhA-00015-00005239-00005404 [Music]
D1KUXqrnDhA-00016-00005405-00005777 I love you because no two snowflakes are
D1KUXqrnDhA-00017-00005778-00006102 alike and it is possible if you stand
D1KUXqrnDhA-00018-00006103-00006791 tippy-toe to walk Between The Raindrops
D1KUXqrnDhA-00019-00006792-00007156 being soaked alone is cold
D1KUXqrnDhA-00020-00007158-00007469 being soaked with your best friend is an
D1KUXqrnDhA-00021-00007470-00007823 adventure
D1KUXqrnDhA-00022-00007823-00008195 if I were rain that joined sky and Earth
D1KUXqrnDhA-00023-00008196-00008537 that otherwise never touch could I join
D1KUXqrnDhA-00024-00008538-00009059 two hearts as well
D1KUXqrnDhA-00025-00009060-00009341 there are many things I do for amusement
D1KUXqrnDhA-00026-00009342-00009683 but for happiness I like to gather up my
D1KUXqrnDhA-00027-00009684-00010313 memories and go for a walk in the rain
D1KUXqrnDhA-00028-00010314-00010678 it didn't rain for you maybe but it
D1KUXqrnDhA-00029-00010679-00010913 always rains for me
D1KUXqrnDhA-00030-00010914-00011231 the sky shatters and rains shards of
D1KUXqrnDhA-00031-00011232-00011651 glass
D1KUXqrnDhA-00032-00011652-00011903 Singing in the Rain
D1KUXqrnDhA-00033-00011904-00012196 I'm Singing in the Rain
D1KUXqrnDhA-00034-00012197-00012778 and it's such a glorious feeling
D1KUXqrnDhA-00035-00012779-00013085 the sun did not shine
D1KUXqrnDhA-00036-00013086-00013408 it was too wet to play
D1KUXqrnDhA-00037-00013409-00013715 so we sat in the house
D1KUXqrnDhA-00038-00013716-00014321 all that cold cold wet day
D1KUXqrnDhA-00039-00014322-00014651 after the rain the sun will reappear
D1KUXqrnDhA-00040-00014652-00014903 there is life
D1KUXqrnDhA-00041-00014904-00015233 after the pain The Joy will still be
D1KUXqrnDhA-00042-00015234-00015575 here
D1KUXqrnDhA-00043-00015576-00016030 they call this war a cloud over the land
D1KUXqrnDhA-00044-00016031-00016271 but they made the weather and then they
D1KUXqrnDhA-00045-00016272-00016583 stand in the rain and say it's
D1KUXqrnDhA-00046-00016584-00016967 raining
D1KUXqrnDhA-00047-00016968-00017249 from where we stand the rain seems
D1KUXqrnDhA-00048-00017250-00017399 random
D1KUXqrnDhA-00049-00017400-00017693 if we could stand somewhere else we
D1KUXqrnDhA-00050-00017694-00018157 would see the order in it
D1KUXqrnDhA-00051-00018158-00018443 thunderstorms are as much our friends as
D1KUXqrnDhA-00052-00018444-00018863 the sunshine
D1KUXqrnDhA-00053-00018864-00019150 it was a Rainy Night
D1KUXqrnDhA-00054-00019151-00019739 it was the myth of a Rainy Night
D1KUXqrnDhA-00055-00019740-00020044 I love walking in the rain because no
D1KUXqrnDhA-00056-00020045-00020519 one can see me crying
D1KUXqrnDhA-00057-00020520-00020808 the only noise now was the rain
D1KUXqrnDhA-00058-00020809-00021094 patterning softly with the Magnificent
D1KUXqrnDhA-00059-00021095-00021335 indifference of nature for the Tangled
D1KUXqrnDhA-00060-00021336-00021844 passions of humans
D1KUXqrnDhA-00061-00021845-00022205 during a warm winter rain the basins of
D1KUXqrnDhA-00062-00022206-00022727 her collarbones collected water
D1KUXqrnDhA-00063-00022728-00023303 I woke to the sound of rain
D1KUXqrnDhA-00064-00023304-00023578 never dance in a puddle when there's a
D1KUXqrnDhA-00065-00023579-00023903 hole in your shoe it's always best to
D1KUXqrnDhA-00066-00023904-00024101 take your shoes off first
D1KUXqrnDhA-00067-00024102-00024421 [Music]
D1KUXqrnDhA-00068-00024422-00024707 raindrops are not the ones who bring the
D1KUXqrnDhA-00069-00024708-00025067 clouds
D1KUXqrnDhA-00070-00025068-00025330 Crying in the Rain
D1KUXqrnDhA-00071-00025331-00025637 no one sees your tears and your pain
D1KUXqrnDhA-00072-00025638-00025926 gets washed away
D1KUXqrnDhA-00073-00025927-00026152 [Music]
D1KUXqrnDhA-00074-00026154-00026746 stew so comforting on a rainy day
D1KUXqrnDhA-00075-00026747-00027064 for all the way he loved her
D1KUXqrnDhA-00076-00027066-00027449 every song had her memory every rain had
D1KUXqrnDhA-00077-00027450-00028114 her smell and every girl had her face
D1KUXqrnDhA-00078-00028116-00028408 Let the Rain kiss you
D1KUXqrnDhA-00079-00028410-00028708 Let the Rain beat upon your head with
D1KUXqrnDhA-00080-00028710-00028973 silver liquid drops
D1KUXqrnDhA-00081-00028974-00029520 Let the Rain sing you a lullaby
D1KUXqrnDhA-00082-00029522-00029951 into each life some Rain Must Fall some
D1KUXqrnDhA-00083-00029952-00030457 days must be dark and dreary
D1KUXqrnDhA-00084-00030458-00030881 rain is Grace rain is the sky descending
D1KUXqrnDhA-00085-00030882-00031217 to the Earth Without Rain there would be
D1KUXqrnDhA-00086-00031218-00031555 no life
D1KUXqrnDhA-00087-00031556-00031870 rainy days should be spent at home with
D1KUXqrnDhA-00088-00031872-00032387 a cup of tea and a good book
D1KUXqrnDhA-00089-00032388-00032699 I like it when it rains hard
D1KUXqrnDhA-00090-00032700-00032974 it sounds like white noise everywhere
D1KUXqrnDhA-00091-00032975-00033635 which is like silence but not empty
D1KUXqrnDhA-00092-00033636-00033952 some people walk in the rain others just
D1KUXqrnDhA-00093-00033953-00034296 get wet
D1KUXqrnDhA-00094-00034297-00034745 [Music]
D2JvgdDQhdu-00000-00000059-00000361 North Korea is a country in East Asia in
D2JvgdDQhdu-00001-00000362-00000520 the northern part of the Korean
D2JvgdDQhdu-00002-00000521-00000811 Peninsula it claims sovereignty over
D2JvgdDQhdu-00003-00000811-00001111 South Korea over time North Korea has
D2JvgdDQhdu-00004-00001112-00001327 gradually distanced itself away from the
D2JvgdDQhdu-00005-00001328-00001639 world communist movement Joo che an
D2JvgdDQhdu-00006-00001639-00001923 ideology of national self-reliance was
D2JvgdDQhdu-00007-00001925-00002139 introduced into the Constitution as a
D2JvgdDQhdu-00008-00002140-00002418 creative application of Marxism Leninism
D2JvgdDQhdu-00009-00002419-00002872 in 1972 the means of production are
D2JvgdDQhdu-00010-00002873-00003048 owned by the state through state-run
D2JvgdDQhdu-00011-00003049-00003394 enterprises and collectivized farms most
D2JvgdDQhdu-00012-00003395-00003654 services such as health care education
D2JvgdDQhdu-00013-00003656-00003840 housing and food production are
D2JvgdDQhdu-00014-00003842-00004228 subsidized or state-funded from 1994 to
D2JvgdDQhdu-00015-00004229-00004564 1998 North Korea suffered from a famine
D2JvgdDQhdu-00016-00004565-00004773 that resulted in the deaths of between
D2JvgdDQhdu-00017-00004774-00005104 0.24 and 3.5 million people and the
D2JvgdDQhdu-00018-00005105-00005299 country continues to struggle with food
D2JvgdDQhdu-00019-00005300-00005715 production North Korea follows Sangan or
D2JvgdDQhdu-00020-00005716-00006085 military-first policy it is the country
D2JvgdDQhdu-00021-00006086-00006280 with the highest number of military and
D2JvgdDQhdu-00022-00006281-00006522 paramilitary personnel with a total of
D2JvgdDQhdu-00023-00006523-00006856 nine million 495 thousand active reserve
D2JvgdDQhdu-00024-00006856-00007188 and paramilitary personnel its active
D2JvgdDQhdu-00025-00007189-00007483 duty army of 1.2 1 million is the fourth
D2JvgdDQhdu-00026-00007484-00007723 largest in the world after China the
D2JvgdDQhdu-00027-00007723-00007953 United States and India due to the
D2JvgdDQhdu-00028-00007954-00008173 centrally planned economy of North Korea
D2JvgdDQhdu-00029-00008173-00008346 there are few companies and they are
D2JvgdDQhdu-00030-00008347-00008629 managed by the government
D2JvgdDQhdu-00031-00008630-00009003 you
D2JvgdDQhdu-00032-00009004-00009591 topic notable firms
D2JvgdDQhdu-00033-00009592-00009825 this list includes notable companies
D2JvgdDQhdu-00034-00009826-00010077 with primary headquarters located in the
D2JvgdDQhdu-00035-00010078-00010371 country the industry and sector follow
D2JvgdDQhdu-00036-00010372-00010608 the industry classification benchmark
D2JvgdDQhdu-00037-00010609-00010899 taxonomy organizations which have ceased
D2JvgdDQhdu-00038-00010900-00011114 operations are included and noted as
D2JvgdDQhdu-00039-00011115-00011277 defunct
D2JvgdDQhdu-00040-00011278-00011652 you
D2JvgdDQhdu-00041-00011653-00012231 topic see also
D2JvgdDQhdu-00042-00012232-00012807 foreign trade of the DPRK nay Nara
D3LRSdNWX1g-00000-00000139-00000582 hold on
D3LRSdNWX1g-00001-00000583-00000729 assalamualaikum everyone
D3LRSdNWX1g-00002-00000730-00000871 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00003-00000872-00001308 as a reaction with Lisa
D3LRSdNWX1g-00004-00001309-00001469 Lisa
D3LRSdNWX1g-00005-00001470-00001823 the first stage every transition this it
D3LRSdNWX1g-00006-00001823-00002152 is a round of apples
D3LRSdNWX1g-00007-00002153-00002647 I have no idea maybe that so my name is
D3LRSdNWX1g-00008-00002648-00002945 reaction music video and you can smash a
D3LRSdNWX1g-00009-00002946-00003149 button subscribe to Notifications to see
D3LRSdNWX1g-00010-00003150-00003497 more reaction about the first take here
D3LRSdNWX1g-00011-00003497-00003815 you can watch me all the time like this
D3LRSdNWX1g-00012-00003815-00004079 reaction for you and for you and for you
D3LRSdNWX1g-00013-00004079-00004241 and for you
D3LRSdNWX1g-00014-00004242-00004475 it's all for you so my name is Samir I'm
D3LRSdNWX1g-00015-00004476-00004625 from Arduino with Africa within my local
D3LRSdNWX1g-00016-00004626-00004883 activity duration music video and I am
D3LRSdNWX1g-00017-00004884-00005038 here forward to make this reaction for
D3LRSdNWX1g-00018-00005039-00005431 Lisa oh yeah so let's start with the
D3LRSdNWX1g-00019-00005432-00005902 three two one it is coming right now
D3LRSdNWX1g-00020-00005903-00006154 okay let's start let's go okay
D3LRSdNWX1g-00021-00006155-00006418 okay
D3LRSdNWX1g-00022-00006419-00006706 Lisa
D3LRSdNWX1g-00023-00006708-00006851 oh my God
D3LRSdNWX1g-00024-00006852-00007190 I remember like
D3LRSdNWX1g-00025-00007191-00008227 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00026-00008228-00008710 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00027-00008711-00008941 foreign
D3LRSdNWX1g-00029-00012589-00012793 thank you
D3LRSdNWX1g-00030-00012794-00015291 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00031-00015293-00016133 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00032-00016134-00016414 foreign
D3LRSdNWX1g-00033-00016415-00018445 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00034-00018446-00020427 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00035-00020428-00020950 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00036-00020951-00021143 oh
D3LRSdNWX1g-00037-00021144-00021246 oh
D3LRSdNWX1g-00038-00021247-00021326 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00039-00021327-00021929 [Applause]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00040-00021930-00022119 my God
D3LRSdNWX1g-00041-00022120-00022636 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00042-00022637-00022794 anymore
D3LRSdNWX1g-00044-00025933-00026144 look at me
D3LRSdNWX1g-00045-00026145-00028538 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00046-00028539-00029977 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00047-00029977-00030124 [Music]
D3LRSdNWX1g-00048-00030125-00030702 oh
D3LRSdNWX1g-00049-00030704-00031301 my God
D3LRSdNWX1g-00050-00031302-00031518 hey
D3LRSdNWX1g-00051-00031519-00031840 oh my God
D3LRSdNWX1g-00052-00031841-00032152 wow
D3LRSdNWX1g-00053-00032154-00032302 wow
D3LRSdNWX1g-00054-00032303-00032507 What's Happening Here
D3LRSdNWX1g-00055-00032508-00032933 so this was amazing and I love it so if
D3LRSdNWX1g-00056-00032934-00033215 you all love it yeah if you are in love
D3LRSdNWX1g-00057-00033216-00033479 with me like me don't forget to smash a
D3LRSdNWX1g-00058-00033480-00033689 button subscribe to notification on like
D3LRSdNWX1g-00059-00033690-00033857 comment leave me a lot of all you need
D3LRSdNWX1g-00060-00033858-00034043 to do and thank you for watching and
D3LRSdNWX1g-00061-00034044-00034331 peace love assalamu alaikum one thank
D3LRSdNWX1g-00062-00034332-00034628 you so much
D9bTHzUxxV8-00000-00000003-00000416 hi I've been I've been I'm gonna see
D9bTHzUxxV8-00001-00000417-00000761 detective Pikachu today it looks like
D9bTHzUxxV8-00002-00000762-00000958 it's gonna be good fun medium
D9bTHzUxxV8-00003-00000959-00001190 expectations but something I've been
D9bTHzUxxV8-00004-00001191-00001493 seeing popping up recently is that
D9bTHzUxxV8-00005-00001494-00001823 people are saying if they want a Smash
D9bTHzUxxV8-00006-00001823-00002183 Brothers cinematic universe I think it's
D9bTHzUxxV8-00007-00002184-00002432 verse 4 that is a caught a Nintendo
D9bTHzUxxV8-00008-00002433-00002785 Cinematic Universe because I mean why
D9bTHzUxxV8-00009-00002786-00003046 limit yourself and creatively like that
D9bTHzUxxV8-00010-00003047-00003599 also it sounds silly I've been saying
D9bTHzUxxV8-00011-00003600-00003781 that I would like a Nintendo Cinematic
D9bTHzUxxV8-00012-00003782-00004160 Universe since way before like guardians
D9bTHzUxxV8-00013-00004161-00004493 of the galaxy came out and when that
D9bTHzUxxV8-00014-00004494-00004645 came out and cemented in my head like
D9bTHzUxxV8-00015-00004646-00004967 yeah this could work you could do Star
D9bTHzUxxV8-00016-00004968-00005477 Fox like that you could do found like
D9bTHzUxxV8-00017-00005478-00006054 stranger things but most importantly
D9bTHzUxxV8-00018-00006055-00006299 well I've got I've made a whole little
D9bTHzUxxV8-00019-00006300-00006578 timeline for it I'm a big sweaty nerd
D9bTHzUxxV8-00020-00006579-00007060 boy I've done exactly that I've I've
D9bTHzUxxV8-00021-00007061-00007417 looked at a lot of film videos I did
D9bTHzUxxV8-00022-00007418-00007844 film school for a little bit I know what
D9bTHzUxxV8-00023-00007845-00007919 I'm doing there
D9bTHzUxxV8-00024-00007920-00008257 to a degree probably not
D9bTHzUxxV8-00025-00008258-00008549 but one thing that we can all agree on
D9bTHzUxxV8-00026-00008550-00008735 what we should all be agreeing on is
D9bTHzUxxV8-00027-00008736-00009217 that smash brothers being a child
D9bTHzUxxV8-00028-00009218-00009606 playing with toys is a really bad idea
D9bTHzUxxV8-00029-00009607-00009956 because people are saying oh they should
D9bTHzUxxV8-00030-00009957-00010166 make it so all the characters just come
D9bTHzUxxV8-00031-00010167-00010381 and meet each other through portals from
D9bTHzUxxV8-00032-00010382-00010624 their own universe that's a really bad
D9bTHzUxxV8-00033-00010625-00010678 idea
D9bTHzUxxV8-00034-00010679-00010859 and that's not how cinematic universes
D9bTHzUxxV8-00035-00010860-00011156 work at all it's really stupid and
D9bTHzUxxV8-00036-00011157-00011464 boring it completely lacks consequences
D9bTHzUxxV8-00037-00011465-00011746 and takes away all risk from the story
D9bTHzUxxV8-00038-00011747-00011969 because if any character dies they can
D9bTHzUxxV8-00039-00011970-00012153 just bring them back
D9bTHzUxxV8-00040-00012154-00012585 boring completely lacks consequence
D9bTHzUxxV8-00041-00012586-00012830 children playing with toys you can just
D9bTHzUxxV8-00042-00012831-00013183 add and change things and just it just
D9bTHzUxxV8-00043-00013184-00013394 every time I'm gonna see people fighting
D9bTHzUxxV8-00044-00013394-00013582 on screen I'm just gonna imagine a child
D9bTHzUxxV8-00045-00013583-00013866 smacking - Mario action figures together
D9bTHzUxxV8-00046-00013868-00014372 really boring really boring you could do
D9bTHzUxxV8-00047-00014372-00014650 something really creative like say have
D9bTHzUxxV8-00048-00014651-00014816 them fighting Master Hand and then they
D9bTHzUxxV8-00049-00014816-00015125 reveal all Master handedly has just got
D9bTHzUxxV8-00050-00015126-00015311 the mind of a child and it doesn't
D9bTHzUxxV8-00051-00015312-00015497 understand so it becomes this really
D9bTHzUxxV8-00052-00015497-00015677 weird fight when they try not to hurt it
D9bTHzUxxV8-00053-00015678-00015788 but they're trying to protect or
D9bTHzUxxV8-00054-00015788-00015991 something and stop it hurting stuff like
D9bTHzUxxV8-00055-00015993-00016235 that's a natural interesting concept I'd
D9bTHzUxxV8-00056-00016236-00016475 see that movie but if you have it as oh
D9bTHzUxxV8-00057-00016476-00016700 it's a child controlling everything
D9bTHzUxxV8-00058-00016701-00017033 that's so boring it's been panned to
D9bTHzUxxV8-00059-00017034-00017291 death so many times like child in coma
D9bTHzUxxV8-00060-00017292-00017639 is dreaming this all up like come on
D9bTHzUxxV8-00061-00017640-00017852 or it was all a dream literally
D9bTHzUxxV8-00062-00017853-00018188 everybody who've done like any English
D9bTHzUxxV8-00063-00018189-00018413 like you the lowest grade of English
D9bTHzUxxV8-00064-00018414-00018752 writing class like I hated writing I'm
D9bTHzUxxV8-00065-00018753-00019078 like badly dyslexic they say like all of
D9bTHzUxxV8-00066-00019079-00019238 you end your story with it's all a dream
D9bTHzUxxV8-00067-00019239-00019378 it's really bad it completely likes
D9bTHzUxxV8-00068-00019379-00019592 consequence why people on reddit asking
D9bTHzUxxV8-00069-00019593-00019981 for that well actually what are you
D9bTHzUxxV8-00070-00019982-00020177 thinking what what's wrong with your
D9bTHzUxxV8-00071-00020178-00020519 brain who laid eggs in your brain I
D9bTHzUxxV8-00072-00020520-00020753 don't know I don't know what else to say
D9bTHzUxxV8-00073-00020754-00021053 that's it please don't please don't ruin
D9bTHzUxxV8-00074-00021054-00021319 everything please don't put billions of
D9bTHzUxxV8-00075-00021320-00021500 dollars in this and then just throw it
D9bTHzUxxV8-00076-00021501-00021694 all the way because you read a reddit
D9bTHzUxxV8-00077-00021695-00022124 comment that some some baby boy wrote
D9bTHzUxxV8-00078-00022125-00022432 thank you
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00000-00000112-00000424 the history of Indian cuisine consists
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00001-00000425-00000551 of cuisine from the Indian subcontinent
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00002-00000552-00000908 which is rich and diverse as a land that
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00003-00000909-00001133 has experienced extensive immigration
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00004-00001134-00001279 and intermingling through many millennia
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00005-00001280-00001528 the Indian subcontinent has benefited
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00006-00001529-00001777 from numerous food influences the
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00007-00001778-00001984 diverse climate in the region ranging
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00008-00001985-00002192 from deep tropical to alpine has also
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00009-00002193-00002384 helped considerably broaden the set of
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00010-00002385-00002567 ingredients readily available to the
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00011-00002568-00002846 many schools of cookery in India in many
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00012-00002847-00003050 cases food has become a marker of
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00013-00003051-00003263 religious and social identity with
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00014-00003264-00003443 varying taboos and preferences for
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00015-00003444-00003622 instance a segment of the Jain
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00016-00003623-00003818 population consumed no roots or
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00017-00003819-00004013 subterranean vegetable see Jain
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00018-00004014-00004213 vegetarianism which has also driven
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00019-00004214-00004403 these groups to innovate extensively
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00020-00004404-00004559 with the food sources that are deemed
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00021-00004560-00004783 acceptable
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00022-00004784-00005050 one strong influence over Indian foods
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00023-00005051-00005239 is the long-standing vegetarianism
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00024-00005240-00005437 within sections of India's Hindu and
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00025-00005438-00005800 Jain communities at 31% slightly less
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00026-00005801-00006166 than a third of Indians are vegetarians
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00027-00006167-00006870 time line around 7000 BCE agriculture
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00028-00006872-00007045 spread from the Fertile Crescent to the
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00029-00007045-00007255 Indus Valley and wheat and barley began
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00030-00007256-00007540 to be grown sesame and humped cattle
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00031-00007541-00007729 were domesticated in the local farming
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00032-00007730-00008070 communities by 3,000 BCE turmeric
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00033-00008072-00008287 cardamom black pepper and mustard were
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00034-00008288-00008557 harvested in India the ancient Hindu
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00035-00008558-00008794 text mahabharata mentions rice and meat
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00036-00008795-00009144 cooked together and the word pulao or
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00037-00009145-00009481 powwow is used to refer to the dish in
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00038-00009482-00009696 ancient Sanskrit works such as Yanji
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00039-00009697-00009988 Bakiyev smarty vegetarianism was
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00040-00009989-00010207 facilitated by the advent of Buddhism
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00041-00010208-00010371 and a cooperative climate where a
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00042-00010372-00010609 variety of fruits vegetables and grains
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00043-00010610-00010765 could easily be grown throughout the
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00044-00010766-00011053 year a food classification system that
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00045-00011054-00011320 categorized any item as saatvik rajasic
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00046-00011321-00011647 or Tomczyk developed in ayurveda
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00047-00011648-00011938 later arrivals from Arabia Central Asia
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00048-00011939-00012103 and others had a deep and fundamental
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00049-00012104-00012439 effect on Indian cooking Islamic rule
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00050-00012440-00012681 introduced rich gravies biryani and
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00051-00012682-00012894 non-vegetarian fare such as kebabs
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00052-00012896-00013135 resulting in Mughlai cuisine Mughal in
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00053-00013136-00013321 origin as well as such fruits as
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00054-00013322-00013663 apricots melons peaches and plums the
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00055-00013663-00013855 Mughals were great patrons of cooking
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00056-00013856-00014071 lavish dishes were prepared during the
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00057-00014072-00014344 reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan the
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00058-00014344-00014547 Muslim meat dishes includes bovine
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00059-00014549-00014857 bovine poultry and seafood dishes the
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00060-00014858-00015366 Nizam's of Hyderabad State 1700s - 1947
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00061-00015368-00015544 perfected their own style of cooking
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00062-00015544-00015709 with the most notable dish being the
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00063-00015710-00015934 Hyderabad biryani often considered by
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00064-00015935-00016126 many connoisseurs to be the finest of
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00065-00016127-00016400 the main dishes in India
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00066-00016401-00016630 the Portuguese and British during their
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00067-00016631-00016835 rule introduced cooking techniques such
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00068-00016836-00017014 as baking and foods from the new world
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00069-00017015-00017303 the new world vegetables popular in
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00070-00017304-00017444 cuisine from the Indian subcontinent
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00071-00017445-00017753 include tomato potato sweet potatoes
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00072-00017754-00018113 peanuts squash and chili most new world
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00073-00018114-00018311 vegetables such as sweet potatoes
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00074-00018312-00018566 potatoes amaranth peanuts and cassava
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00075-00018567-00018794 based sago are allowed on Hindu fasting
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00076-00018795-00019157 days
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00077-00019158-00020030 see also Indian cookbooks
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00078-00020031-00020410 references
Dq0wgDbUV6c-00079-00020411-00020617 you
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00000-00000548-00000844 oh there's a [__] Dragon Max I'll
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00001-00000846-00001007 open the door for you I'm on it I think
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00002-00001008-00001457 that thing's still out there
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00003-00001458-00001876 oh [__] it's turning night again
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00004-00001877-00002063 how do I open up the map
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00005-00002064-00002515 uh Jay oh my God
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00006-00002516-00002945 oh my God what happened it was like a
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00007-00002946-00003034 hard
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00008-00003035-00003295 a bird just Pig oh my god
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00009-00003296-00003563 oh Max sounds like they're really doing
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00010-00003564-00004361 good over there yeah
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00011-00004362-00005020 oh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00012-00005021-00005269 I'm gonna like yeah
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00013-00005270-00005518 yeah same I wonder if you like drink it
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00014-00005519-00005741 or something I landed on leave here I
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00015-00005742-00005872 don't know
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00016-00005873-00006095 that was really [__] funny I'm gonna
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00017-00006096-00006238 venture out oh wait it's actually
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00018-00006239-00006377 turning day guys
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00019-00006378-00006592 let's go
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00020-00006593-00007120 there's like a coral reef oh God
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00021-00007122-00007313 I don't think we can drink that type of
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00022-00007314-00007620 water but we'll see
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00023-00007622-00007969 down there
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00024-00007970-00008195 I think that we should explore the coral
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00025-00008196-00008339 reef when we have a house oh wait we can
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00026-00008340-00008477 if we right click it
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00027-00008478-00008674 you can Crouch if you hit the Crouch and
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00028-00008675-00008819 right click the water
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00029-00008820-00009173 but uh I'm thirsty yeah you're it's salt
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00030-00009174-00009409 water so
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00031-00009410-00010153 damn it Joe
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00032-00010154-00010453 oh my God what
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00033-00010454-00010787 the [__] is that oh wait I have hope
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00034-00010788-00011442 every status effect known to match
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00035-00011443-00011796 uh F5
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00036-00011797-00012145 it launched me across the entire
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00037-00012146-00012359 like map
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00038-00012360-00012641 I see you like on the map like you're
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00039-00012642-00012880 really far Big Joe come over here did
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00040-00012881-00013199 you die no I'm sorry I'm only I'm only
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00041-00013200-00013522 three blocks away
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00042-00013523-00013955 yeah I will yeah
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00043-00013956-00014147 yeah I'm sorry I was kind of hating
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00044-00014147-00014453 earlier I apologize no it was a joke I
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00045-00014454-00014669 dropped a bone I got a bone okay what if
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00046-00014669-00015263 I punched your dog
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00047-00015263-00015497 can I give it to your dog I can't kill
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00048-00015497-00015772 oh I [__] eat some slowness and [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00049-00015773-00016091 damn that sucks that's why I have like
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00050-00016091-00016453 literally every status but it's almost
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00051-00016454-00017039 it's a hot air balloon over there
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00052-00017040-00017189 I don't know how we're gonna get to that
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00053-00017190-00017386 but there's a is this status effect like
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00054-00017387-00017621 forever it's not going away
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00055-00017622-00017885 it's it has the time on it like it says
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00056-00017886-00018035 it right underneath yeah it keeps going
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00057-00018036-00018244 eight seconds seven eight seconds seven
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00058-00018245-00018394 seconds
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00059-00018395-00018899 oh you're [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00060-00018900-00019127 Max are you like oh my God you are
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00061-00019128-00019235 really far
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00062-00019236-00019457 yeah I'm [__] far away from it sure I
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00063-00019458-00019679 made my way towards you or like what
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00064-00019680-00019949 I think I'm a lost cause yeah I'm gonna
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00065-00019950-00020153 explore this area it looks pretty safe
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00066-00020154-00020357 so it's a hot Airborne dude if you come
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00067-00020358-00020494 to me though there's lots of like
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00068-00020495-00020758 animals here for food me and Jose are
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00069-00020759-00020944 doing really well out here
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00070-00020945-00021130 I wish I had a bucket so like wait maybe
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00071-00021131-00021371 I can just like do a trip what the [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00072-00021372-00021689 Brandon come here what friends [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00073-00021690-00021911 coming to me right now why wait Jose
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00074-00021912-00022230 what if we do this
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00075-00022231-00022571 I want to see how this looks no should I
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00076-00022572-00022733 teleport to
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00077-00022734-00023093 you I don't care
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00078-00023094-00023393 all right look at this [__] what the
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00079-00023394-00023749 [__] you could pick up a cow
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00080-00023750-00024077 here Max come over here this is like I
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00081-00024078-00024258 want to explore Syria but like
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00082-00024259-00024683 that's funny what is this Jose look
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00083-00024684-00024844 that's where that monster was straight
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00084-00024845-00024977 ahead
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00085-00024978-00026011 well that's a cool guy wait
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00086-00026012-00026231 blown us
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00087-00026232-00026483 if you destroy the block under a tree it
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00088-00026483-00026639 just gives you an acorn and that's it by
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00089-00026639-00027167 the way I'm so okay
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00090-00027168-00027395 I have like we need milk how do we even
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00091-00027395-00027629 make tools in this yeah oh no we gotta
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00092-00027630-00027808 find crafting table
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00093-00027810-00028085 we need this is good I would not go down
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00094-00028086-00028261 there
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00095-00028262-00028607 oh [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00096-00028608-00028967 uh uh oh okay the heat Source dude
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00097-00028968-00029195 that's a great idea
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00098-00029195-00029393 Max this area over here looks pretty uh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00099-00029394-00029518 we're just gonna so we're just gonna
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00100-00029519-00029729 Green Top it because I'm certain dirt do
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00101-00029730-00029879 you want it we'll log in the middle of
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00102-00029880-00030046 the ocean I don't know
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00103-00030047-00030323 here do you want this 32 dirt yeah
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00104-00030324-00030635 yeah here come here
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00105-00030636-00030761 I'm trying to
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00106-00030762-00030995 at least drinking water is pretty easy
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00107-00030995-00031451 oh I took damage from drinking water
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00108-00031452-00031757 me and Jose found a will of the Whisk
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00109-00031758-00031918 see Max this is the area I was talking
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00110-00031919-00032368 about look how safe it looks I'm dead
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00111-00032369-00032605 parasites
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00112-00032606-00032945 type Brendan's name in
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00113-00032946-00033511 yeah all your stuff is right here
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00114-00033512-00033839 I got it
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00115-00033840-00034043 Jose we're uh we're doing we're doing
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00116-00034044-00034379 great the [__] is that a Pokemon oh it's
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00117-00034380-00034529 a wisp
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00118-00034530-00034673 I don't know this area looks pretty safe
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00119-00034674-00034951 over here
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00120-00034952-00035183 we're starting a house
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00121-00035184-00035440 dirt but yeah it is dirt but it is a
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00122-00035441-00035633 house nonetheless oh it has a green top
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00123-00035634-00035831 we are going to have the Green Top we
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00124-00035832-00035951 better have Max do you see on that
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00125-00035952-00036174 mountain right there
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00126-00036175-00036421 are those
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00127-00036422-00036659 let's take that one monster that they
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00128-00036660-00036833 put in the [__] job of the Hutt
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00129-00036834-00037024 Palace wait Max we should see this big
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00130-00037025-00037477 ass tree over there
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00131-00037478-00037685 don't go there
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00132-00037686-00037924 there's a dinosaur
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00133-00037925-00038171 I don't know
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00134-00038172-00038393 what is this those are friendly
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00135-00038394-00038585 they give you they give you regeneration
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00136-00038586-00038777 oh the nymphs give you like regeneration
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00137-00038778-00039077 the we found a whisk and the Whisk
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00138-00039078-00039245 um
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00139-00039246-00039401 what do they do they gave us night
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00140-00039402-00039730 vision oh marble rock and glowing we
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00141-00039731-00040085 were literally glowing
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00142-00040086-00040252 yeah let's go with this big ass tree oh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00143-00040253-00041590 no this big ass tree looking for him so
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00144-00041591-00042059 what the [__] happened okay
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00145-00042060-00042227 he just screams a lot as Mike didn't
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00146-00042228-00042430 even pick it up almost died by a creeper
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00147-00042431-00042617 I don't know how but
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00148-00042618-00042821 the creepers I was really close to him
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00149-00042822-00042940 when it exploded didn't even do any
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00150-00042941-00043096 damage yeah I know kind of pushed me to
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00151-00043097-00043324 the side
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00152-00043325-00043474 I didn't die either that creeper that's
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00153-00043475-00043630 weird
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00154-00043631-00043979 Heroes then placing four down
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00155-00043980-00044135 I need to fill on the roof and then
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00156-00044136-00044327 we'll slowly
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00157-00044328-00044501 guys there's wolves
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00158-00044502-00044680 I don't know if they're friendly though
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00159-00044681-00045017 we have a dog yeah oh you have a dog and
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00160-00045018-00045229 by we I mean Jose has a dog
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00161-00045230-00045508 how do you do you like feed it food or
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00162-00045509-00045790 do you have to use bones Jose got a bone
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00163-00045791-00045958 from destroying the hawk that picked him
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00164-00045959-00046168 up and flipped them away yeah that was
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00165-00046169-00046361 really funny when I found the dog as
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00166-00046362-00046517 well the dog was munching on some bones
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00167-00046518-00046858 so I just gave him that whoa wait Joe
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00168-00046859-00047068 come over here come over here wait I'm
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00169-00047069-00047237 just running some dirt don't bring
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00170-00047238-00047440 anything useful
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00171-00047441-00047993 what do you mean where are you over here
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00172-00047994-00048251 holy [__] I got a golden apple
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00173-00048252-00048605 oh my God already I have bandages I have
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00174-00048606-00048785 morphine dude holy I'm sad I just found
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00175-00048786-00048989 two name tags can you [__] off this is
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00176-00048990-00049258 my chest how the [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00177-00049259-00049396 drop the uracles
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00178-00049397-00049577 I guess just in a cave
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00179-00049578-00049949 we found a Minecraft where we were
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00180-00049950-00050189 it has a bunch of iron dude as well I
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00181-00050190-00050483 need to come back here when we get tools
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00182-00050484-00051155 oh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00183-00051156-00051280 good luck
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00184-00051282-00051461 are we allowed to holy [__] yeah you're
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00185-00051462-00051599 right
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00186-00051600-00051796 one second wait wait before you destroy
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00187-00051797-00052420 let me see if it drops it
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00188-00052421-00052738 very big dinosaurs that are not nice
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00189-00052739-00052891 dude
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00190-00052891-00053123 actually I'm just gonna leave this [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00191-00053124-00053261 in here and use this chest we can come
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00192-00053262-00053399 back to it later I don't want to lose
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00193-00053400-00053585 this stuff that's fair I'm gonna drop
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00194-00053586-00053909 all the [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00195-00053910-00054041 just drop it in that one chest when you
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00196-00054041-00054197 come back for it later
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00197-00054198-00054557 uh when I get I got two name tags I made
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00198-00054558-00054899 it I'm at the top
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00199-00054900-00055097 holy [__] this is the best mod ever
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00200-00055098-00055379 there's nothing up here guys I got
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00201-00055379-00055576 parasites
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00202-00055577-00055811 where was our house it's a wrap for you
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00203-00055812-00056057 bro
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00204-00056058-00056194 yeah I think I'm dead that's my final
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00205-00056195-00056435 whisk
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00206-00056436-00056650 are you by the Minecraft
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00207-00056651-00056891 uh I walked away from them what the [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00208-00056891-00057161 are you at the house yeah
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00209-00057162-00058230 okay
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00210-00058232-00058523 it's okay
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00211-00058524-00058703 I think I'm gonna kill myself are we
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00212-00058704-00058925 allowed to use Flash kill
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00213-00058926-00059165 yeah I mean why not sure
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00214-00059166-00059359 slash kill is fine
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00215-00059360-00059753 so it's the same thing
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00216-00059754-00060204 oh [__] it's turning night again
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00217-00060205-00060473 died from parasites
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00218-00060474-00061103 official
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00219-00061104-00061313 spider I'm sorry
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00220-00061314-00061523 uh I think I might have lost oh never
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00221-00061524-00061703 mind [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00222-00061704-00062261 six hours later
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00223-00062262-00062585 source
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00224-00062586-00062932 I want to get all my ship first
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00225-00062933-00063197 Mr wisp please help me
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00226-00063198-00063521 Auto white please help me he gave me uh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00227-00063522-00063941 oh so the um like the the circle by the
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00228-00063941-00064042 way do you guys know how the temperature
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00229-00064044-00064385 works I just figured it out oh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00230-00064386-00064441 yeah
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00231-00064441-00064750 the outside is like the color is like
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00232-00064751-00065021 the cold or the warm or whatever but the
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00233-00065022-00065188 circle in the middle is your actual body
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00234-00065189-00065369 temperature so if it's like light blue
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00235-00065370-00065573 then you're cold so if you stand next to
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00236-00065574-00065741 a heat Source it's going to be orange on
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00237-00065742-00065944 the outside and once it like I'm just
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00238-00065945-00066161 collecting my stuff like once it goes
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00239-00066162-00066311 from Blue to like white that means your
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00240-00066312-00066544 delicious once it goes from like white
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00241-00066545-00067006 to Orange then you're like hot oh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00242-00067007-00067459 yeah my [__] was ice cold
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00243-00067460-00067709 all right T-Rex
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00244-00067710-00067871 what stuff do you have Max was it worth
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00245-00067872-00068050 getting call me back where
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00246-00068051-00068405 no
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00247-00068406-00068681 I got all my [__] what the [__] I'm glad
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00248-00068682-00068885 we figured this out oh my God what is
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00249-00068886-00069132 chasing here
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00250-00069133-00069643 holy [__] his range dude
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00251-00069644-00069850 uh we should probably go back towards
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00252-00069851-00070391 them oh my God what is that oh my God
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00253-00070392-00070835 right
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00254-00070836-00071063 have you been to this Castle uh there's
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00255-00071064-00071194 nothing there it's not a castle it's
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00256-00071195-00071435 just like a thingy a statue oh my God
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00257-00071436-00071603 it's a [__] stegosaurus over here
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00258-00071604-00071921 yeah that's why I didn't go over there
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00259-00071922-00072113 this lob is a godsend that's actually
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00260-00072114-00072394 crazy
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00261-00072395-00072593 is this stegosaurus friendly look at her
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00262-00072594-00072971 cute little dog though too
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00263-00072972-00073294 okay what the [__] is that from work we
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00264-00073295-00073715 saw one of those earlier oh [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00265-00073716-00073876 where are you getting thirsty though
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00266-00073877-00074032 Jose
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00267-00074033-00074153 um not really
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00268-00074154-00074344 I'm at two and a half dollars all right
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00269-00074345-00074531 we're coming over to you guys so
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00270-00074532-00074776 that guy's a trumpet
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00271-00074777-00075143 wait
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00272-00075144-00075376 get his trumpet maybe we could get a dog
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00273-00075377-00075485 too
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00274-00075486-00075647 get the [__] out of him he's trying to
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00275-00075648-00075844 hit me with the trumpet dude if we can
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00276-00075845-00076138 actually get it
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00277-00076139-00076259 he's called he's literally called a
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00278-00076260-00076415 trumpet skeleton
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00279-00076416-00076744 try to tame a dog
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00280-00076745-00077038 the dogs are over back there [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00281-00077039-00077315 oh you go outside who's there
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00282-00077316-00077555 wait the two dinosaurs are battling what
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00283-00077556-00077812 the [__] wait wait maybe we'll drop
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00284-00077813-00078143 something that's not what the [__] oh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00285-00078144-00078419 he's like eating his ass what
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00286-00078420-00078694 what the [__] see that what
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00287-00078695-00079015 this stegosaurus is gonna die
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00288-00079016-00079282 getting his ass eaten that one's [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00289-00079283-00079462 he's got nowhere to go
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00290-00079463-00079865 oh we did [__] fight back okay always
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00291-00079866-00080081 come on wait Max lead him away so I can
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00292-00080082-00080273 get the chance well so do you think we
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00293-00080274-00080538 can just oh wait stop first off
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00294-00080539-00080867 where'd he go he's still over by you
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00295-00080868-00081059 do you think we could dig right into the
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00296-00081060-00081097 mine
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00297-00081098-00081461 [Music]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00298-00081462-00082585 oh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00299-00082586-00082787 Brandon we made it back to the town do
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00300-00082788-00082906 you want me to look up how to make sure
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00301-00082907-00083176 I want to get all those dinosaurs Loop
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00302-00083177-00083741 no don't look up how to make [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00303-00083742-00084575 like the basic tools
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00304-00084576-00084759 hold on
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00305-00084760-00084994 [Music]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00306-00084995-00085673 your drop stuff no okay that's my fault
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00307-00085674-00086249 I'm in a [__] cave
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00308-00086250-00086561 oh my god dude this [__] is op this is
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00309-00086562-00086647 awesome
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00310-00086648-00087115 oh no
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00311-00087116-00087388 yeah I am coming over to you
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00312-00087389-00087617 thank you right here look at your mini
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00313-00087618-00087911 map we're right South uh Southwest of
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00314-00087912-00088156 you
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00315-00088157-00088259 yeah
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00316-00088260-00088656 see
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00317-00088657-00088900 yeah we have like a furnace a makeshift
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00318-00088901-00089123 furnace Jose is a dog look
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00319-00089124-00089309 I know
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00320-00089310-00089537 I like your TV head you like
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00321-00089538-00090937 too very boring minutes later
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00322-00090938-00091223 come over here get warm
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00323-00091224-00091385 oh this is nice
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00324-00091386-00091535 yeah dude this is awesome and look
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00325-00091536-00091703 there's a dog in the corner
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00326-00091704-00091799 oh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00327-00091800-00091979 can we push stuff I'm gonna push the dog
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00328-00091980-00092117 over to the heat he's probably I
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00329-00092118-00092309 discovered
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00330-00092310-00092555 I got these bushes so maybe stuff might
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00331-00092556-00092771 grow on them I don't know there's a
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00332-00092772-00093061 gigantic dinosaur
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00333-00093062-00093276 S
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00334-00093277-00093515 I got two eggs should I try to throw
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00335-00093516-00093712 them okay guys if you pick up Iron
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00336-00093713-00093947 Bridge don't eat them oh my God pick up
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00337-00093948-00094126 what
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00338-00094127-00094432 paralysis resistance slowness fatigue
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00339-00094433-00094697 weakness he's paralyzed I'm dead I'm
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00340-00094698-00094950 dead
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00341-00094951-00095137 laughs
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00342-00095138-00095387 can we are you guys okay with setting
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00343-00095388-00095797 spawn point in the house uh yeah
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00344-00095798-00096179 picking me up
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00345-00096180-00096449 okay I killed him
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00346-00096450-00096599 all right my spawn point is in the house
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00347-00096600-00096779 I don't know about you guys yeah mine is
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00348-00096780-00096894 too
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00349-00096895-00097271 first I gotta make my way back
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00350-00097272-00097997 you could just if you wanted to
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00351-00097998-00098153 we don't know how bad this fog is for me
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00352-00098154-00098417 Brendan how bad I'm standing over here I
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00353-00098418-00098656 can't even see that last Bush oh my God
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00354-00098657-00098788 you need to like turn it off or
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00355-00098789-00098938 something oh [__] about that thing again
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00356-00098939-00099112 no I can't see the last push but it's
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00357-00099113-00099353 like right at the edge of the last bush
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00358-00099354-00099526 Max I'll open the door for you I'm on it
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00359-00099527-00099853 I think that thing's still out there
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00360-00099854-00100193 what the [__] is that
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00361-00100194-00100379 oh no don't
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00362-00100380-00100465 don't
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00363-00100466-00100709 I did not know that was following me
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00364-00100710-00100906 what the [__] Jose
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00365-00100907-00101032 I did not
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00366-00101033-00101268 following
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00367-00101269-00101567 rare enemy you guys have met the
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00368-00101568-00101773 inebriated zombie
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00369-00101774-00102155 oh holy [__] holy [__] thank you you're
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00370-00102156-00102353 welcome you're welcome
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00371-00102354-00102610 we need Windows on this [__] wait can
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00372-00102611-00102942 we hit them
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00373-00102943-00103180 don't open it don't open it
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00374-00103181-00103366 he left he walked away unless he's
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00375-00103367-00103858 chasing you he's oh he's chasing Max
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00376-00103859-00104386 imum get in close it [__] we need to we
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00377-00104388-00104627 need to break a window and like kill him
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00378-00104628-00105119 oh here we go
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00379-00105120-00105365 [__] this guy [__] [__] him [__] him
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00380-00105366-00105593 beat him up with a stick
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00381-00105594-00105833 I'll hit him with a bone oh yeah I'll do
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00382-00105833-00106854 damage
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00383-00106855-00107110 up here
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00384-00107111-00107334 well is it still doing one damage
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00385-00107335-00107789 I'm chilling almost dead guys
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00386-00107790-00108040 I don't know where my throat went hey
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00387-00108041-00108202 I want that
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00388-00108203-00108490 oh I got a six heart crystals
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00389-00108491-00108736 that's awesome and I don't know my
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00390-00108738-00109181 screen is all blurry my feathers
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00391-00109182-00109421 get this dog out of the way
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00392-00109422-00109757 watch it
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00393-00109758-00109943 why is there was something out there
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00394-00109944-00110730 what the [__] is that [__] God
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00395-00110731-00110999 [Music]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00396-00111000-00111310 oh guys berries are growing oh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00397-00111311-00111534 it's [__] guys
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00398-00111535-00111869 Joe look at a berry Groove
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00399-00111870-00112013 I'm gonna pick it up
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00400-00112014-00112613 you better bring that [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00401-00112614-00112840 hunger I can't eat them
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00402-00112841-00113002 is anyone hungry I don't want to try
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00403-00113003-00113231 these berries out how do I turn off my
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00404-00113232-00113404 [__] death markers dude it's so
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00405-00113405-00113716 annoying why the [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00406-00113717-00113969 uh guys my screen is like [__] I got
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00407-00113970-00114160 like some weird effect or something Jose
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00408-00114161-00114395 you scared the [__] out of me dude oh I
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00409-00114396-00114695 think I'm dehydrated you scared the
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00410-00114696-00114869 [__] [__] out of me I opened that
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00411-00114870-00115373 door for you and got [__] dude
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00412-00115374-00115583 talking about
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00413-00115583-00115860 huh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00414-00115861-00116128 I bring good things
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00415-00116129-00116425 did you pick up the crafting table
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00416-00116426-00116579 yes yes
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00417-00116580-00116873 [Music]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00418-00116874-00117215 guys I am I am dehydrated as [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00419-00117216-00117349 yeah
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00420-00117350-00117569 that's true there's water over here I
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00421-00117570-00117816 don't know if you can drink it though
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00422-00117817-00118097 there's a spider out there
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00423-00118098-00118457 there's a waterfall right here
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00424-00118458-00118678 oh [__] what is this can we drink from
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00425-00118679-00118990 it you have to crouch
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00426-00118991-00119315 yeah close this door up there's an ant
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00427-00119316-00119554 chasing me
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00428-00119555-00119831 an ant
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00429-00119832-00120160 I mean yeah I'm feeding the shows Hey
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00430-00120161-00120281 Joe look
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00431-00120282-00120673 s like [__] in the head
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00432-00120674-00121381 a clock yeah where the [__] did you go
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00433-00121382-00121571 all right it's gonna go on another
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00434-00121572-00121816 adventure bye I'm closing this door up
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00435-00121817-00121984 I'm sticking in here I gotta figure out
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00436-00121985-00122315 my [__] [__] it's all blurry oh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00437-00122316-00122590 Brendan come over here Jose there's name
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00438-00122591-00122971 tags
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00439-00122972-00123136 of anything
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00440-00123138-00123443 oh my God my screen is cracked
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00441-00123444-00123610 yeah that happens
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00442-00123611-00124639 take the other
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00443-00124640-00124913 your screen goes all guys your screen
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00444-00124914-00125195 goes all blurry if you need to be uh if
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00445-00125196-00125490 you need a drink do you want this clock
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00446-00125491-00126127 yeah I want the clock back uh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00447-00126128-00126281 [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00448-00126282-00126839 [__] that enemy dude
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00449-00126840-00127084 Chrono mad they get these [__] like
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00450-00127085-00127319 and like like [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00451-00127320-00127840 [__] Gundam names
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00452-00127841-00128039 there's a snow biome
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00453-00128040-00128284 hello there how do I make
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00454-00128285-00128878 time
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00455-00128879-00129214 so how do I set a waypoint
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00456-00129215-00129599 do you have uh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00457-00129600-00129863 I'm on the map
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00458-00129864-00130036 there's a little thing on the bottom
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00459-00130038-00130223 there's like a little Diamond thing that
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00460-00130224-00130331 says
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00461-00130332-00130852 you can say waypoints with that bruh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00462-00130853-00131411 three days later
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00463-00131412-00132101 I keep losing all this [__]
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00464-00132102-00132328 oh it's over this way isn't it no it's
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00465-00132329-00132575 not it's this way three weeks later
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00466-00132576-00132971 awesome how the [__] do I make it
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00467-00132972-00133414 yeah okay
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00468-00133415-00133619 foreign
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00469-00133620-00133913 guys I found sugar cane you need a level
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00470-00133914-00134363 you need a farming level to get it
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00471-00134364-00134614 has anyone made a
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00472-00134615-00134993 weapon yet no oh [__] damn
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00473-00134994-00135190 sorry
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00474-00135191-00135352 well no I'm not coming with you I was
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00475-00135353-00135533 asking
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00476-00135534-00136207 um
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00477-00136208-00136552 you found a what I found I found Stone
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00478-00136553-00136954 ax flint and steel dude what the [__] I
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00479-00136955-00137443 found torches I found shovel
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00480-00137444-00137657 these wild berries that were growing in
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00481-00137658-00138247 the house yeah
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00482-00138248-00138623 at least one whole hunger too at least
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00483-00138624-00138797 yeah I just I just destroyed the bushes
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00484-00138798-00139049 hoping that they would uh
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00485-00139050-00139193 I kind of want to just stay here I'm
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00486-00139194-00139343 gonna be honest with you iPhone lock
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00487-00139344-00139678 picks yeah let's move the [__] house
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00488-00139679-00139954 move our dirt house yes
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00489-00139955-00140113 dude just come on
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00490-00140114-00140351 somewhere else this is gonna be our
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00491-00140352-00140569 turning house
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00492-00140570-00140933 just just walk towards me
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00493-00140934-00141131 all right let's go oh yeah walk towards
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00494-00141132-00141604 you and you're like really far
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00495-00141605-00141959 all right by the way no
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00496-00141960-00142216 rip Jose's dog though
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00497-00142217-00142469 oh [__] I'll come back I'll die and then
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00498-00142470-00142619 I'll bring you guys with me just wait
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00499-00142620-00142811 for me there okay uh it's night by the
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00500-00142812-00142907 way
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00501-00142908-00143087 it is nice we might want to wait until
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00502-00143088-00143327 morning to do it yeah
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00503-00143328-00143731 otherwise it's gonna be a Trail of Tears
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00504-00143732-00144023 oh this place is epic
Dsn8DAeC-bo-00505-00144024-00144290 okay
DtkddVKEZmy-00000-00000076-00000138 [Music]
DtkddVKEZmy-00001-00000139-00000891 to know
DtkddVKEZmy-00002-00000892-00003575 [Music]
DtkddVKEZmy-00003-00003576-00004025 foreign
DtkddVKEZmy-00004-00004026-00006215 [Music]
DtkddVKEZmy-00005-00006216-00006809 foreign
DtkddVKEZmy-00006-00006809-00007463 [Music]
DtkddVKEZmy-00007-00007464-00008053 foreign
DtkddVKEZmy-00009-00011447-00012074 foreign
DtkddVKEZmy-00010-00012075-00014765 [Music]
DtkddVKEZmy-00011-00014766-00015197 foreign
DtkddVKEZmy-00012-00015199-00018029 [Music]
DtkddVKEZmy-00013-00018030-00018330 foreign
DuEKuYDRquM-00000-00001140-00001979 foreign
DuEKuYDRquM-00001-00001980-00002209 there is mics right people
DuEKuYDRquM-00002-00002210-00002429 they're that's
DuEKuYDRquM-00003-00002430-00002765 right
DuEKuYDRquM-00004-00002766-00003071 okay
DuEKuYDRquM-00005-00003072-00003347 all right well thank you dries and
DuEKuYDRquM-00006-00003347-00003629 thanks to everyone who's coming here uh
DuEKuYDRquM-00007-00003629-00003803 yeah so that was another excellent
DuEKuYDRquM-00008-00003804-00004006 keynote that you've done for for Drew
DuEKuYDRquM-00009-00004007-00004229 Bhutan thank you but I'm sure many
DuEKuYDRquM-00010-00004230-00004499 people have questions so if you have any
DuEKuYDRquM-00011-00004500-00004685 questions I think there's some roving
DuEKuYDRquM-00012-00004686-00004906 mites but also you can yeah so the
DuEKuYDRquM-00013-00004907-00005063 people in black t-shirts
DuEKuYDRquM-00014-00005064-00005249 uh if you put your hands over there
DuEKuYDRquM-00015-00005250-00005495 again so if you want the microphone just
DuEKuYDRquM-00016-00005496-00005722 wave your hands and you'll Source you
DuEKuYDRquM-00017-00005723-00005791 out
DuEKuYDRquM-00018-00005792-00006035 and you can also ask questions through
DuEKuYDRquM-00019-00006036-00006227 the app so if you go to the program
DuEKuYDRquM-00020-00006228-00006527 section in the app you can go down find
DuEKuYDRquM-00021-00006528-00006881 the degrees q and 8 and in there you can
DuEKuYDRquM-00022-00006881-00007055 ask questions and that's what I'll be
DuEKuYDRquM-00023-00007056-00007210 looking at
DuEKuYDRquM-00024-00007211-00007498 so questions get you started all right
DuEKuYDRquM-00025-00007500-00007806 I'm really excited about all of those
DuEKuYDRquM-00026-00007808-00008164 contributor tools that Tim talked about
DuEKuYDRquM-00027-00008165-00008464 so when did he say that it would be all
DuEKuYDRquM-00028-00008465-00008717 ready when did we use them all yeah good
DuEKuYDRquM-00029-00008718-00008896 question and probably a question for the
DuEKuYDRquM-00030-00008897-00009064 D.A but
DuEKuYDRquM-00031-00009065-00009274 because they're a small But Mighty team
DuEKuYDRquM-00032-00009275-00009496 they have a lot to do
DuEKuYDRquM-00033-00009497-00009683 um but some of the things are already
DuEKuYDRquM-00034-00009684-00009827 available today
DuEKuYDRquM-00035-00009828-00010013 and so they use this kind of sort of
DuEKuYDRquM-00036-00010014-00010369 Rolling Thunder where they continuously
DuEKuYDRquM-00037-00010370-00010631 you know launch new capabilities one
DuEKuYDRquM-00038-00010632-00010889 step at a time my guess is I don't know
DuEKuYDRquM-00039-00010890-00011021 if any one of the DA's here actually
DuEKuYDRquM-00040-00011022-00011242 Neil is there Neil what's the answer
DuEKuYDRquM-00041-00011243-00011695 because I shouldn't be guessing
DuEKuYDRquM-00042-00011696-00012010 I couldn't hear it sorry
DuEKuYDRquM-00043-00012011-00012287 you would be guessing too yeah it's
DuEKuYDRquM-00044-00012288-00012528 ready when it's ready
DuEKuYDRquM-00045-00012529-00012935 so is the eventual plan to uh
DuEKuYDRquM-00046-00012936-00013115 discontinue the issued here on
DuEKuYDRquM-00047-00013116-00013313 drupal.org and move entirely to GitHub
DuEKuYDRquM-00048-00013313-00013577 sorry is it what it is the plan to
DuEKuYDRquM-00049-00013578-00013799 remove the issue queue on drupal.org and
DuEKuYDRquM-00050-00013800-00014003 move entirely to gitlab yeah it's also a
DuEKuYDRquM-00051-00014004-00014147 question for Neil I think we want to
DuEKuYDRquM-00052-00014147-00014357 move everything over yeah like the
DuEKuYDRquM-00053-00014358-00014585 division really is to
DuEKuYDRquM-00054-00014586-00014944 use as much of gitlab as we can because
DuEKuYDRquM-00055-00014945-00015155 if we have two different systems at the
DuEKuYDRquM-00056-00015156-00015329 same time it actually creates some more
DuEKuYDRquM-00057-00015330-00015605 work not less work and we really want to
DuEKuYDRquM-00058-00015606-00015851 just go all in on gitlab where it makes
DuEKuYDRquM-00059-00015852-00016019 sense obviously
DuEKuYDRquM-00060-00016019-00016211 um and just rely on gitlab and then we
DuEKuYDRquM-00061-00016212-00016427 get the Innovation engine from gitlab
DuEKuYDRquM-00062-00016428-00016679 because obviously they're now a
DuEKuYDRquM-00063-00016680-00016865 well-established company they're adding
DuEKuYDRquM-00064-00016866-00017021 a lot of capabilities there is a whole
DuEKuYDRquM-00065-00017022-00017297 ecosystem of Integrations with GitHub
DuEKuYDRquM-00066-00017298-00017572 and so we just want to tap into
DuEKuYDRquM-00067-00017573-00017765 um you know all of that and
DuEKuYDRquM-00068-00017766-00018035 I think if we keep too many drupalisms
DuEKuYDRquM-00069-00018036-00018371 like sometimes we do uh you know like a
DuEKuYDRquM-00070-00018372-00018521 lot of these opportunities and
DuEKuYDRquM-00071-00018522-00018725 Integrations just don't
DuEKuYDRquM-00072-00018726-00018886 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00073-00018887-00019114 you know we might not be able to fully
DuEKuYDRquM-00074-00019115-00019343 take advantage of gitlab that way you
DuEKuYDRquM-00075-00019344-00019463 know so
DuEKuYDRquM-00076-00019464-00019655 one of the reasons it's taking a little
DuEKuYDRquM-00077-00019656-00019835 time is one
DuEKuYDRquM-00078-00019836-00020014 but we have a small team as I mentioned
DuEKuYDRquM-00079-00020015-00020327 doing a lot of work too we have 20
DuEKuYDRquM-00080-00020328-00020675 something years of history and content
DuEKuYDRquM-00081-00020676-00021011 and issues it's very complex you know 40
DuEKuYDRquM-00082-00021012-00021221 000 something projects
DuEKuYDRquM-00083-00021222-00021467 just Gore alone is a lot of history and
DuEKuYDRquM-00084-00021468-00021839 so all of that needs to be migrated and
DuEKuYDRquM-00085-00021840-00022114 interestingly enough
DuEKuYDRquM-00086-00022115-00022300 you know we built our own infrastructure
DuEKuYDRquM-00087-00022301-00022600 but even the git labs and the githubs of
DuEKuYDRquM-00088-00022601-00022805 the world they don't have all of the
DuEKuYDRquM-00089-00022806-00022991 capabilities that we have
DuEKuYDRquM-00090-00022992-00023194 like we really built something over the
DuEKuYDRquM-00091-00023195-00023303 years
DuEKuYDRquM-00092-00023304-00023614 that allows us to scale to a project the
DuEKuYDRquM-00093-00023615-00023899 size of Drupal where we have 40 000
DuEKuYDRquM-00094-00023900-00024191 Integrations and we have a million users
DuEKuYDRquM-00095-00024192-00024469 on drupal.org and we have 10 000 people
DuEKuYDRquM-00096-00024470-00024839 collaborating on Drupal any given year
DuEKuYDRquM-00097-00024840-00025099 so we've built this massive massive
DuEKuYDRquM-00098-00025100-00025463 collaboration tool and gitlab and GitHub
DuEKuYDRquM-00099-00025464-00025811 wasn't necessarily invented for projects
DuEKuYDRquM-00100-00025812-00026008 like Drupal with the scale and the
DuEKuYDRquM-00101-00026010-00026255 complexity of Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00102-00026256-00026435 um and so a lot of what we need to do is
DuEKuYDRquM-00103-00026436-00026507 actually
DuEKuYDRquM-00104-00026508-00026824 push gitlab in our case to add the
DuEKuYDRquM-00105-00026825-00027064 features that we need to run and manage
DuEKuYDRquM-00106-00027066-00027281 a community as large and as complex as
DuEKuYDRquM-00107-00027282-00027629 Drupal and so the Drupal Association
DuEKuYDRquM-00108-00027630-00027814 has done a wonderful job collaborating
DuEKuYDRquM-00109-00027816-00028012 with gitlab and gitlab has been very
DuEKuYDRquM-00110-00028013-00028193 generous as well
DuEKuYDRquM-00111-00028194-00028499 contributing time and money to help us
DuEKuYDRquM-00112-00028500-00028727 build these features and they're also
DuEKuYDRquM-00113-00028727-00028883 very eager
DuEKuYDRquM-00114-00028883-00029105 to to work with us
DuEKuYDRquM-00115-00029106-00029320 I'll give one more example if that's
DuEKuYDRquM-00116-00029322-00029507 okay yeah
DuEKuYDRquM-00117-00029508-00029801 but like you know Drupal pioneered this
DuEKuYDRquM-00118-00029802-00030124 credit system that you might be aware of
DuEKuYDRquM-00119-00030125-00030364 and we have integrated the credit system
DuEKuYDRquM-00120-00030366-00030767 in our you know collaboration tools and
DuEKuYDRquM-00121-00030768-00031024 that doesn't exist like because we were
DuEKuYDRquM-00122-00031025-00031252 literally you know the first or one of
DuEKuYDRquM-00123-00031254-00031511 the first you have this and gitlab is
DuEKuYDRquM-00124-00031512-00031768 very interested in having a feature like
DuEKuYDRquM-00125-00031769-00032002 that so they can make it available to
DuEKuYDRquM-00126-00032004-00032243 every other project in the world that
DuEKuYDRquM-00127-00032244-00032549 uses gitlab and so
DuEKuYDRquM-00128-00032550-00032735 when we think about how do we bring the
DuEKuYDRquM-00129-00032736-00032939 credit system into gitlab it's not like
DuEKuYDRquM-00130-00032940-00033065 a quick
DuEKuYDRquM-00131-00033066-00033233 um it's not necessarily an easy quick
DuEKuYDRquM-00132-00033234-00033479 effort you know there's a whole lot of
DuEKuYDRquM-00133-00033480-00033773 work and thought and design thinking
DuEKuYDRquM-00134-00033774-00034043 that needs to go into that to
DuEKuYDRquM-00135-00034044-00034295 not only migrate the existing credits
DuEKuYDRquM-00136-00034296-00034487 but also to evolve it so it can be
DuEKuYDRquM-00137-00034488-00034662 applied to the
DuEKuYDRquM-00138-00034663-00034937 conceptual principles of gitlab which is
DuEKuYDRquM-00139-00034938-00035190 a little bit different and then I also
DuEKuYDRquM-00140-00035191-00035423 they want to then make it available to
DuEKuYDRquM-00141-00035424-00035674 every other open source project in the
DuEKuYDRquM-00142-00035675-00035812 world and so they have to think about
DuEKuYDRquM-00143-00035813-00036040 how do we make it reusable Beyond Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00144-00036041-00036221 as well and so I just wanted to
DuEKuYDRquM-00145-00036222-00036352 highlight that
DuEKuYDRquM-00146-00036353-00036557 you know to show like you know we are
DuEKuYDRquM-00147-00036558-00036857 leading the world sometimes in how we
DuEKuYDRquM-00148-00036858-00037037 work in the tools that we have
DuEKuYDRquM-00149-00037038-00037193 to build
DuEKuYDRquM-00150-00037194-00037499 uh Drupal with so many people
DuEKuYDRquM-00151-00037500-00037757 and you know gitlab doesn't have all of
DuEKuYDRquM-00152-00037758-00038033 these features funny enough right and so
DuEKuYDRquM-00153-00038034-00038333 it takes a while to to to get all of
DuEKuYDRquM-00154-00038334-00038561 these things on it which is why it's
DuEKuYDRquM-00155-00038562-00038771 hard to say it's going to be done
DuEKuYDRquM-00156-00038772-00038951 you know in three months or in six
DuEKuYDRquM-00157-00038952-00039124 months but
DuEKuYDRquM-00158-00039125-00039293 um I've been very encouraged by the pace
DuEKuYDRquM-00159-00039294-00039611 though of the of the progress every time
DuEKuYDRquM-00160-00039612-00039718 we meet
DuEKuYDRquM-00161-00039719-00039899 a Drupal Gun there's a whole bunch of
DuEKuYDRquM-00162-00039900-00040061 new features
DuEKuYDRquM-00163-00040062-00040318 it's very good I really like the the
DuEKuYDRquM-00164-00040319-00040559 kanban board view of the issue queue so
DuEKuYDRquM-00165-00040560-00040793 I find that really difficult to navigate
DuEKuYDRquM-00166-00040794-00041243 and manage Mr maintainer so
DuEKuYDRquM-00167-00041244-00041507 with all the work that is going on like
DuEKuYDRquM-00168-00041508-00041723 on say that initiative but also other
DuEKuYDRquM-00169-00041724-00041933 initiatives that you have like how's
DuEKuYDRquM-00170-00041934-00042107 that all been funded you mentioned the
DuEKuYDRquM-00171-00042108-00042352 philanthropy and the grants can you talk
DuEKuYDRquM-00172-00042353-00042574 a bit more about that yeah
DuEKuYDRquM-00173-00042575-00042929 um so one of the things we want to want
DuEKuYDRquM-00174-00042930-00043301 to start doing is go after
DuEKuYDRquM-00175-00043302-00043552 um grants as an example so there's a lot
DuEKuYDRquM-00176-00043553-00043787 of organizations could be government
DuEKuYDRquM-00177-00043788-00044021 organizations or philanthropic
DuEKuYDRquM-00178-00044022-00044346 philanthropic organizations that
DuEKuYDRquM-00179-00044347-00044627 have grant money you know that will make
DuEKuYDRquM-00180-00044628-00045011 an investment in a project hopefully
DuEKuYDRquM-00181-00045012-00045190 like Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00182-00045191-00045412 um you know when
DuEKuYDRquM-00183-00045413-00045617 you know our ideas and principles are
DuEKuYDRquM-00184-00045618-00045989 aligned with their vision and you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00185-00045990-00046258 I'm actually presenting on Friday this
DuEKuYDRquM-00186-00046259-00046535 week at a conference
DuEKuYDRquM-00187-00046536-00046752 of the European commission
DuEKuYDRquM-00188-00046753-00046990 and they have billions of dollars in
DuEKuYDRquM-00189-00046991-00047357 Grants and at this conference there are
DuEKuYDRquM-00190-00047358-00047561 some high-profile policy makers and
DuEKuYDRquM-00191-00047562-00047701 Grant makers
DuEKuYDRquM-00192-00047702-00047945 and they invited me to present at the
DuEKuYDRquM-00193-00047946-00048202 conference because they want to learn
DuEKuYDRquM-00194-00048203-00048395 from Drupal and open source
DuEKuYDRquM-00195-00048396-00048593 collaboration
DuEKuYDRquM-00196-00048594-00048743 um and they also use Drupal by the way
DuEKuYDRquM-00197-00048744-00049073 but they like how Drupal is a global
DuEKuYDRquM-00198-00049074-00049324 Community with local
DuEKuYDRquM-00199-00049325-00049408 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00200-00049409-00049708 you know communities as well and how we
DuEKuYDRquM-00201-00049709-00049912 all work together and they want to apply
DuEKuYDRquM-00202-00049913-00050077 some of that thinking
DuEKuYDRquM-00203-00050078-00050405 to other Industries in the European
DuEKuYDRquM-00204-00050406-00050645 Commission because they recognize that
DuEKuYDRquM-00205-00050646-00050801 Europe is a collection of smaller
DuEKuYDRquM-00206-00050802-00050974 countries but if we can all kind of work
DuEKuYDRquM-00207-00050975-00051323 together maybe in a drupaly way that
DuEKuYDRquM-00208-00051324-00051520 they can build something bigger across
DuEKuYDRquM-00209-00051521-00051832 country borders and anyway I'm not
DuEKuYDRquM-00210-00051833-00052061 saying they'll write a grant but I'm
DuEKuYDRquM-00211-00052062-00052361 saying grants are available and
DuEKuYDRquM-00212-00052362-00052649 historically we've never
DuEKuYDRquM-00213-00052650-00052973 uh try to get a grant right never tried
DuEKuYDRquM-00214-00052974-00053159 to apply for I don't to the best of my
DuEKuYDRquM-00215-00053160-00053369 knowledge we have not we had a few
DuEKuYDRquM-00216-00053370-00053591 grants as it related to the
DuEKuYDRquM-00217-00053591-00053921 uh around covet I forgot what they were
DuEKuYDRquM-00218-00053922-00054130 called forgiveness
DuEKuYDRquM-00219-00054132-00054437 things yes
DuEKuYDRquM-00220-00054438-00054635 um anyway but we've we really have never
DuEKuYDRquM-00221-00054636-00054791 applied for Grants
DuEKuYDRquM-00222-00054791-00055073 and so we're gonna try it which is nice
DuEKuYDRquM-00223-00055074-00055354 uh let's see what happens but imagine we
DuEKuYDRquM-00224-00055355-00055547 can get two or three million dollars a
DuEKuYDRquM-00225-00055548-00055799 year in Grants and we can use that money
DuEKuYDRquM-00226-00055800-00056269 to promote Drupal or invest in
DuEKuYDRquM-00227-00056270-00056530 strategic initiatives for Drupal those
DuEKuYDRquM-00228-00056532-00056741 kinds of things that would be pretty
DuEKuYDRquM-00229-00056741-00057173 nice right and we have a team now we
DuEKuYDRquM-00230-00057174-00057407 hired a person Kristen
DuEKuYDRquM-00231-00057408-00057713 and she has a long background and a lot
DuEKuYDRquM-00232-00057714-00057913 of experience with grants
DuEKuYDRquM-00233-00057914-00058249 Grant programs and raising money
DuEKuYDRquM-00234-00058250-00058649 from different institutions and she's
DuEKuYDRquM-00235-00058650-00058997 coming in very excited and ambitious and
DuEKuYDRquM-00236-00058998-00059338 hopefully we can get some grants I know
DuEKuYDRquM-00237-00059339-00059554 it would be another way to help grow
DuEKuYDRquM-00238-00059555-00059800 Drupal and sustain a project
DuEKuYDRquM-00239-00059801-00060023 yeah applying for Grants is like a whole
DuEKuYDRquM-00240-00060024-00060269 other skill set that you need
DuEKuYDRquM-00241-00060270-00060454 yes and that's why you need people
DuEKuYDRquM-00242-00060455-00060761 specialized units so we never had that
DuEKuYDRquM-00243-00060762-00061049 skill but now we do which we'll see what
DuEKuYDRquM-00244-00061050-00061180 happens next
DuEKuYDRquM-00245-00061182-00061391 so there used to be a promote Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00246-00061391-00061709 initiative before how is the how is that
DuEKuYDRquM-00247-00061710-00061835 going to differ from what the current
DuEKuYDRquM-00248-00061836-00062099 plans are yeah I think promo Drupal has
DuEKuYDRquM-00249-00062100-00062350 been great first of all and a lot of
DuEKuYDRquM-00250-00062351-00062632 people have put in a lot of great effort
DuEKuYDRquM-00251-00062633-00062692 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00252-00062694-00062932 sometimes I still think and I don't mean
DuEKuYDRquM-00253-00062933-00063221 this as criticism we're only scratching
DuEKuYDRquM-00254-00063222-00063497 the surface sometimes of what we could
DuEKuYDRquM-00255-00063498-00063682 do to promote Drupal and so it's really
DuEKuYDRquM-00256-00063683-00063857 about
DuEKuYDRquM-00257-00063858-00064066 you know doing what promo Drupal does
DuEKuYDRquM-00258-00064067-00064288 and then more like how do we give them
DuEKuYDRquM-00259-00064289-00064525 more resources on how do we support
DuEKuYDRquM-00260-00064526-00064930 initiatives like that more broadly and
DuEKuYDRquM-00261-00064932-00065050 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00262-00065051-00065279 you know it goes all the way from making
DuEKuYDRquM-00263-00065279-00065626 sure Drupal is present at relevant
DuEKuYDRquM-00264-00065627-00065956 industry events to having more and
DuEKuYDRquM-00265-00065957-00066238 better content on drupal.org as well I
DuEKuYDRquM-00266-00066239-00066365 mean
DuEKuYDRquM-00267-00066366-00066497 if you think about it if you go to
DuEKuYDRquM-00268-00066498-00066700 drupal.org it's actually really hard to
DuEKuYDRquM-00269-00066701-00066838 learn about
DuEKuYDRquM-00270-00066839-00067237 you know Drupal in a way in some ways
DuEKuYDRquM-00271-00067238-00067606 like if you were to go to websites of
DuEKuYDRquM-00272-00067607-00067750 competitors
DuEKuYDRquM-00273-00067751-00067991 they would have a lot of content for all
DuEKuYDRquM-00274-00067992-00068200 of the features they have like I'll give
DuEKuYDRquM-00275-00068201-00068447 one example but let's say our workflow
DuEKuYDRquM-00276-00068448-00068656 tools our content workflow tools we have
DuEKuYDRquM-00277-00068657-00068855 some of the best content workflow tools
DuEKuYDRquM-00278-00068856-00068987 in the world
DuEKuYDRquM-00279-00068988-00069221 but it's really hard to go to a page on
DuEKuYDRquM-00280-00069222-00069473 drupal.org where you can learn about
DuEKuYDRquM-00281-00069474-00069821 ears drupals workflow tools and maybe
DuEKuYDRquM-00282-00069822-00070061 with a little video and really tailored
DuEKuYDRquM-00283-00070062-00070181 for people
DuEKuYDRquM-00284-00070182-00070385 that are sort of curious about Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00285-00070386-00070565 and they're trying to assess if Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00286-00070566-00070823 would meet their needs same thing with
DuEKuYDRquM-00287-00070824-00071026 multilingual we're really good at
DuEKuYDRquM-00288-00071027-00071285 multilingual but do we promote it well
DuEKuYDRquM-00289-00071286-00071537 you know if you are new to Drupal you're
DuEKuYDRquM-00290-00071538-00071717 trying to figure out is Drupal a fit for
DuEKuYDRquM-00291-00071718-00071855 my project
DuEKuYDRquM-00292-00071856-00072125 it's not that easy and so we miss for
DuEKuYDRquM-00293-00072126-00072221 example
DuEKuYDRquM-00294-00072222-00072538 long story short we miss her the classic
DuEKuYDRquM-00295-00072539-00072773 product marketing content which is
DuEKuYDRquM-00296-00072774-00072917 promoting the features and the
DuEKuYDRquM-00297-00072918-00073193 capabilities of Drupal and you know for
DuEKuYDRquM-00298-00073194-00073421 for every feature in Drupal which is
DuEKuYDRquM-00299-00073422-00073673 maybe a hundred features or more we
DuEKuYDRquM-00300-00073674-00073894 should have a page that explains the
DuEKuYDRquM-00301-00073895-00074153 feature in a way that helps people
DuEKuYDRquM-00302-00074154-00074453 understand what Drupal can do for them
DuEKuYDRquM-00303-00074454-00074713 so I think there's a lot to do you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00304-00074714-00075106 I'll go beyond what we do
DuEKuYDRquM-00305-00075107-00075376 today and also promo Drupal for
DuEKuYDRquM-00306-00075377-00075553 different verticals or Industries
DuEKuYDRquM-00307-00075554-00075815 promote Drupal to different
DuEKuYDRquM-00308-00075816-00076126 buyer personas you know developers
DuEKuYDRquM-00309-00076127-00076444 obviously but also marketers like really
DuEKuYDRquM-00310-00076445-00076697 good content for marketers or good
DuEKuYDRquM-00311-00076698-00077159 content for you know cios like
DuEKuYDRquM-00312-00077160-00077381 um and other kind of
DuEKuYDRquM-00313-00077382-00077782 more strategy oriented roles
DuEKuYDRquM-00314-00077783-00077849 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00315-00077850-00078035 and to me
DuEKuYDRquM-00316-00078036-00078185 and I've talked about this in the past
DuEKuYDRquM-00317-00078186-00078329 but like you think about this like we've
DuEKuYDRquM-00318-00078330-00078485 built sort of one of the world's best
DuEKuYDRquM-00319-00078486-00078737 engineering machines and one of the
DuEKuYDRquM-00320-00078738-00079019 world's largest engineering teams with
DuEKuYDRquM-00321-00079020-00079300 10 000 plus people like why haven't we
DuEKuYDRquM-00322-00079301-00079576 done the same on the marketing side why
DuEKuYDRquM-00323-00079577-00079876 can't we get hundreds of people in the
DuEKuYDRquM-00324-00079877-00080044 Drupal projects
DuEKuYDRquM-00325-00080045-00080405 Market Drupal together just like we do
DuEKuYDRquM-00326-00080406-00080585 for a code
DuEKuYDRquM-00327-00080586-00080741 I think there's a lot of things there
DuEKuYDRquM-00328-00080742-00080932 that we can try and I think that could
DuEKuYDRquM-00329-00080933-00081131 be pretty exciting we have a question
DuEKuYDRquM-00330-00081132-00081437 from Tony in the audience who says you'd
DuEKuYDRquM-00331-00081438-00081647 like to to do better promoting Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00332-00081648-00081917 the story is so inspiring so isn't it
DuEKuYDRquM-00333-00081918-00082073 time for Drupal the movie or the book
DuEKuYDRquM-00334-00082074-00082397 yeah is that time for Drupal to move is
DuEKuYDRquM-00335-00082398-00082612 it time for the Drupal the movie or
DuEKuYDRquM-00336-00082613-00082919 Drupal the book wow that would be cool
DuEKuYDRquM-00337-00082920-00082979 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00338-00082980-00083135 I don't know
DuEKuYDRquM-00339-00083136-00083299 yes
DuEKuYDRquM-00340-00083300-00083561 oh trying to picture what this movie
DuEKuYDRquM-00341-00083562-00083831 will be about
DuEKuYDRquM-00342-00083832-00084076 maybe a nice like documentary style
DuEKuYDRquM-00343-00084077-00084443 movie maybe you know it could be fun
DuEKuYDRquM-00344-00084444-00084869 another question going back to Jet lab
DuEKuYDRquM-00345-00084870-00084947 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00346-00084948-00085325 so is it the right path to path sorry do
DuEKuYDRquM-00347-00085326-00085535 you do you think to offer the option to
DuEKuYDRquM-00348-00085536-00085793 opt in for gitlab as described in the
DuEKuYDRquM-00349-00085794-00085997 keynote in the video or would it be
DuEKuYDRquM-00350-00085998-00086321 better to do a cut and only support gear
DuEKuYDRquM-00351-00086322-00086447 Club
DuEKuYDRquM-00352-00086448-00086687 um I don't know what the best process is
DuEKuYDRquM-00353-00086688-00086969 I mean I think the end state is gitlab
DuEKuYDRquM-00354-00086970-00087191 I'm pretty clear about that in my head
DuEKuYDRquM-00355-00087192-00087425 but how we get there
DuEKuYDRquM-00356-00087426-00087721 I think we're doing sort of a gradual
DuEKuYDRquM-00357-00087722-00088031 you know get there step by step and we
DuEKuYDRquM-00358-00088032-00088379 have to think a lot about how we manage
DuEKuYDRquM-00359-00088380-00088576 a change like that right so I think
DuEKuYDRquM-00360-00088577-00088775 change management is pretty important so
DuEKuYDRquM-00361-00088776-00088973 we don't disrupt
DuEKuYDRquM-00362-00088974-00089044 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00363-00089045-00089285 you know Drupal for example we are about
DuEKuYDRquM-00364-00089286-00089567 to release Drupal 10. we don't wanna
DuEKuYDRquM-00365-00089568-00089741 in the middle of the Drupal 10 release
DuEKuYDRquM-00366-00089742-00089993 process kind of make things impossible
DuEKuYDRquM-00367-00089994-00090155 or hard so we have to be very careful
DuEKuYDRquM-00368-00090156-00090443 about how we roll out these features and
DuEKuYDRquM-00369-00090444-00090593 how it impacts
DuEKuYDRquM-00370-00090594-00090868 are
DuEKuYDRquM-00371-00090869-00091109 our packaging scripts and our you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00372-00091110-00091312 all the things that we have that we've
DuEKuYDRquM-00373-00091313-00091517 built over all the years so
DuEKuYDRquM-00374-00091518-00091787 the end goal is gitlap and gitlab
DuEKuYDRquM-00375-00091788-00092147 only almost or as little drupalisms as
DuEKuYDRquM-00376-00092148-00092344 as we can
DuEKuYDRquM-00377-00092345-00092453 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00378-00092454-00092644 oh yeah we just have to get there in a
DuEKuYDRquM-00379-00092645-00092968 in a in a gradual piece that is brings
DuEKuYDRquM-00380-00092969-00093203 everybody along and doesn't disrupt the
DuEKuYDRquM-00381-00093204-00093479 project we don't lose anyone on the way
DuEKuYDRquM-00382-00093480-00093653 you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00383-00093654-00093953 and in relation to the marketing effort
DuEKuYDRquM-00384-00093954-00094282 another question uh you mentioned the
DuEKuYDRquM-00385-00094283-00094493 different Industries and the different
DuEKuYDRquM-00386-00094494-00094762 versatiles uh Mira was wondering should
DuEKuYDRquM-00387-00094763-00094871 we
DuEKuYDRquM-00388-00094872-00095165 pick specific segments and that we're
DuEKuYDRquM-00389-00095166-00095447 trying to go too broad perhaps
DuEKuYDRquM-00390-00095448-00095626 yeah well I think Drupal is already
DuEKuYDRquM-00391-00095627-00095915 brought I think the power of Drupal is
DuEKuYDRquM-00392-00095916-00096094 that it's very flexible
DuEKuYDRquM-00393-00096095-00096394 it scales from small to large
DuEKuYDRquM-00394-00096395-00096647 from simple to complex some people and
DuEKuYDRquM-00395-00096648-00096923 because of the plugability the
DuEKuYDRquM-00396-00096924-00097217 composability and all the modules Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00397-00097218-00097426 is being used in every industry today so
DuEKuYDRquM-00398-00097427-00097649 if that is a fact right like every
DuEKuYDRquM-00399-00097650-00097888 industry uses Drupal so
DuEKuYDRquM-00400-00097889-00098165 I think it's a straight right now that
DuEKuYDRquM-00401-00098166-00098344 we are that platform that can be used
DuEKuYDRquM-00402-00098345-00098632 across every industry
DuEKuYDRquM-00403-00098633-00098771 um so I think we should try and promote
DuEKuYDRquM-00404-00098772-00099071 it for multiple Industries uh having
DuEKuYDRquM-00405-00099072-00099197 said that I do think there are
DuEKuYDRquM-00406-00099198-00099341 industries that we're better at than
DuEKuYDRquM-00407-00099342-00099437 others
DuEKuYDRquM-00408-00099438-00099641 you know like we continue to be really
DuEKuYDRquM-00409-00099642-00099838 good in
DuEKuYDRquM-00410-00099839-00099899 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00411-00099900-00100324 in government in higher education
DuEKuYDRquM-00412-00100325-00100565 um you know media and entertainment and
DuEKuYDRquM-00413-00100566-00100697 so yeah we have a lot of amazing
DuEKuYDRquM-00414-00100698-00101087 references there but even in in you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00415-00101088-00101326 other Industries who are getting better
DuEKuYDRquM-00416-00101327-00101500 and better references like I've seen a
DuEKuYDRquM-00417-00101501-00101731 lot of people in Financial Services
DuEKuYDRquM-00418-00101732-00102059 adopt Drupal in healthcare adopt Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00419-00102060-00102199 like and these were traditionally
DuEKuYDRquM-00420-00102200-00102473 industries that were a little bit more
DuEKuYDRquM-00421-00102474-00102725 maybe reserved about open source maybe a
DuEKuYDRquM-00422-00102726-00103013 little bit less risk-taking but they've
DuEKuYDRquM-00423-00103014-00103360 gone all in on Drupal as well so
DuEKuYDRquM-00424-00103361-00103666 you know given given the size of the
DuEKuYDRquM-00425-00103667-00103930 install base and given just uh
DuEKuYDRquM-00426-00103931-00104225 incredible organizations using Drupal in
DuEKuYDRquM-00427-00104226-00104489 all of these different Industries
DuEKuYDRquM-00428-00104490-00104668 you know I think we have to promote all
DuEKuYDRquM-00429-00104669-00104866 the industries really
DuEKuYDRquM-00430-00104867-00104939 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00431-00104940-00105190 so how can we help promote Drupal is it
DuEKuYDRquM-00432-00105191-00105371 case studies
DuEKuYDRquM-00433-00105372-00105665 yeah I think it's a great question and I
DuEKuYDRquM-00434-00105666-00105857 think that's what I meant with
DuEKuYDRquM-00435-00105858-00105952 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00436-00105953-00106319 it would be helpful if we had um
DuEKuYDRquM-00437-00106320-00106552 sort of that coordinator role you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00438-00106553-00106757 because if you think about it like we
DuEKuYDRquM-00439-00106758-00106936 have all these amazing Drupal agencies
DuEKuYDRquM-00440-00106938-00107128 and guess what they do
DuEKuYDRquM-00441-00107129-00107423 they're often in the marketing they help
DuEKuYDRquM-00442-00107424-00107651 their customers Market
DuEKuYDRquM-00443-00107652-00107902 um their customers by doing brand design
DuEKuYDRquM-00444-00107903-00108190 content creation website building you
DuEKuYDRquM-00445-00108191-00108352 know not everybody is a pure website
DuEKuYDRquM-00446-00108353-00108569 builder a lot of the agencies in Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00447-00108570-00108989 they're like full service firms and our
DuEKuYDRquM-00448-00108990-00109252 marketing experts and so we have all
DuEKuYDRquM-00449-00109253-00109499 this talents in our community
DuEKuYDRquM-00450-00109500-00109781 but what I see missing sometimes is kind
DuEKuYDRquM-00451-00109782-00110027 of like how do you organize
DuEKuYDRquM-00452-00110028-00110308 um coordination across them all right
DuEKuYDRquM-00453-00110309-00110615 and so when you ask how can people help
DuEKuYDRquM-00454-00110616-00110836 well there's a million ways you can help
DuEKuYDRquM-00455-00110838-00111178 we need all the contents we need
DuEKuYDRquM-00456-00111179-00111340 we could translate the content to
DuEKuYDRquM-00457-00111341-00111586 different languages we need campaigns we
DuEKuYDRquM-00458-00111588-00111677 need
DuEKuYDRquM-00459-00111678-00111857 all the things
DuEKuYDRquM-00460-00111858-00112147 um but it feels a little bit like
DuEKuYDRquM-00461-00112148-00112384 unorganized and people don't know where
DuEKuYDRquM-00462-00112385-00112552 to get involved and I need to help and
DuEKuYDRquM-00463-00112553-00112697 so
DuEKuYDRquM-00464-00112698-00112871 um I don't have a great answer to how
DuEKuYDRquM-00465-00112872-00113308 can you help other than maybe work
DuEKuYDRquM-00466-00113309-00113471 you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00467-00113472-00113663 you know kind of work with your local
DuEKuYDRquM-00468-00113664-00113854 community and promote Drupal in your
DuEKuYDRquM-00469-00113855-00114190 area and try to write about Drupal on
DuEKuYDRquM-00470-00114191-00114371 your own website and all of these things
DuEKuYDRquM-00471-00114372-00114623 but we really need a coordination role I
DuEKuYDRquM-00472-00114624-00114790 think that kind of
DuEKuYDRquM-00473-00114791-00115084 creates a marketing plan and then kind
DuEKuYDRquM-00474-00115085-00115336 of figures out how people can contribute
DuEKuYDRquM-00475-00115338-00115654 as part of a bigger plan so thinking of
DuEKuYDRquM-00476-00115655-00115793 the the different Industries and
DuEKuYDRquM-00477-00115794-00116086 verticals that Drupal is in and thinking
DuEKuYDRquM-00478-00116088-00116297 about what we currently have like our
DuEKuYDRquM-00479-00116298-00116452 distributions and then there's the plan
DuEKuYDRquM-00480-00116453-00116675 for recipes do you think you'd be good
DuEKuYDRquM-00481-00116676-00116854 to highlight those and promote those
DuEKuYDRquM-00482-00116855-00117149 yeah yeah and actually one way you can
DuEKuYDRquM-00483-00117150-00117323 probably all help just to Circle back to
DuEKuYDRquM-00484-00117324-00117508 that real quick is
DuEKuYDRquM-00485-00117509-00117725 you all have the relationships with your
DuEKuYDRquM-00486-00117726-00117821 customers
DuEKuYDRquM-00487-00117822-00118078 you know you do projects
DuEKuYDRquM-00488-00118079-00118349 it's your customer right uh if you're an
DuEKuYDRquM-00489-00118350-00118660 agency but getting the references I
DuEKuYDRquM-00490-00118661-00118919 think is key like being able to go to
DuEKuYDRquM-00491-00118920-00119152 your customers and ask that they are
DuEKuYDRquM-00492-00119153-00119327 willing to be a reference right a use
DuEKuYDRquM-00493-00119328-00119615 case a case study and bring those case
DuEKuYDRquM-00494-00119616-00119825 studies to drupal.org I think that's one
DuEKuYDRquM-00495-00119826-00120166 way that everybody can help promote your
DuEKuYDRquM-00496-00120167-00120334 customers and up in the process you can
DuEKuYDRquM-00497-00120335-00120527 promote yourself to
DuEKuYDRquM-00498-00120528-00120833 um so it's hopefully a win-win for all
DuEKuYDRquM-00499-00120833-00121127 all the all the stakeholders but I think
DuEKuYDRquM-00500-00121128-00121336 the recipes are great
DuEKuYDRquM-00501-00121338-00121486 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00502-00121488-00121775 because then we can have recipes and
DuEKuYDRquM-00503-00121776-00121973 have and promote the recipes with case
DuEKuYDRquM-00504-00121974-00122423 studies along the same way
DuEKuYDRquM-00505-00122424-00122734 um yeah so a couple of questions in on
DuEKuYDRquM-00506-00122735-00122927 GitHub again
DuEKuYDRquM-00507-00122928-00123307 so with with triples get lab CI tests
DuEKuYDRquM-00508-00123308-00123634 will they be agnostic or packaged in a
DuEKuYDRquM-00509-00123635-00123875 way that agencies can use them within
DuEKuYDRquM-00510-00123876-00124066 their own workflows especially the
DuEKuYDRquM-00511-00124067-00124223 automated tests like your accessibility
DuEKuYDRquM-00512-00124224-00124402 I don't know
DuEKuYDRquM-00513-00124403-00124678 maybe Neil knows yeah I don't know yeah
DuEKuYDRquM-00514-00124679-00125015 sorry I'm not the gitlab expert
DuEKuYDRquM-00515-00125016-00125093 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00516-00125094-00125957 yeah but these are good questions and
DuEKuYDRquM-00517-00125958-00126263 maybe maybe somebody can give
DuEKuYDRquM-00518-00126264-00126521 um Neil a microphone
DuEKuYDRquM-00519-00126522-00126713 I have a microphone here Neil or will
DuEKuYDRquM-00520-00126714-00127054 those tools be open source
DuEKuYDRquM-00521-00127055-00127195 I don't know
DuEKuYDRquM-00522-00127196-00127558 uh yeah I mean you can use the same
DuEKuYDRquM-00523-00127559-00127978 testing uh on a custom module as you
DuEKuYDRquM-00524-00127979-00128201 would for a module on drupal.org so that
DuEKuYDRquM-00525-00128202-00128477 would be about the same so yeah there's
DuEKuYDRquM-00526-00128478-00128645 some reuse there
DuEKuYDRquM-00527-00128646-00129034 uh but uh yeah testing a Drupal project
DuEKuYDRquM-00528-00129035-00129478 uh on drupal.org like a module or a
DuEKuYDRquM-00529-00129479-00129760 theme or whatever like that's different
DuEKuYDRquM-00530-00129761-00130060 from end to end testing a website uh for
DuEKuYDRquM-00531-00130061-00130373 a website you want integration tests and
DuEKuYDRquM-00532-00130374-00130475 you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00533-00130476-00130783 more uh kind of
DuEKuYDRquM-00534-00130783-00131152 uh or behavior driven development tasks
DuEKuYDRquM-00535-00131153-00131357 to test the whole thing not just a bunch
DuEKuYDRquM-00536-00131358-00131543 of parts
DuEKuYDRquM-00537-00131544-00131728 okay
DuEKuYDRquM-00538-00131729-00132077 I'm thinking about the okay you I won't
DuEKuYDRquM-00539-00132078-00132239 go too much into that part but you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00540-00132240-00132604 the the automated accessibility testing
DuEKuYDRquM-00541-00132605-00132790 so there's that aspect but then
DuEKuYDRquM-00542-00132791-00133049 currently on drupal.org you have the
DuEKuYDRquM-00543-00133050-00133295 option as a maintainer to opt into
DuEKuYDRquM-00544-00133296-00133435 security
DuEKuYDRquM-00545-00133436-00133678 advisory policy or into the security
DuEKuYDRquM-00546-00133679-00133997 team coverage is there and you get a
DuEKuYDRquM-00547-00133998-00134243 badge then on the your project page
DuEKuYDRquM-00548-00134244-00134423 saying you're recovered by the security
DuEKuYDRquM-00549-00134424-00134627 team
DuEKuYDRquM-00550-00134628-00134813 do you think we can move towards
DuEKuYDRquM-00551-00134814-00134993 something like that for accessibility so
DuEKuYDRquM-00552-00134994-00135431 that maintainers can opt in say yes I I
DuEKuYDRquM-00553-00135432-00135761 commit to Dear to the W tried or atag
DuEKuYDRquM-00554-00135762-00136025 standards I think
DuEKuYDRquM-00555-00136026-00136240 for my initial reaction is that I like
DuEKuYDRquM-00556-00136241-00136427 that idea right
DuEKuYDRquM-00557-00136428-00136697 um if if you are the maintainer of a
DuEKuYDRquM-00558-00136698-00136969 project and
DuEKuYDRquM-00559-00136970-00137231 you want to make a commitment
DuEKuYDRquM-00560-00137232-00137404 to accessibility
DuEKuYDRquM-00561-00137405-00137681 which today that's not a requirement for
DuEKuYDRquM-00562-00137682-00137999 a contributed projects but if you say
DuEKuYDRquM-00563-00138000-00138221 you know I will commit to this
DuEKuYDRquM-00564-00138222-00138425 accessibility level
DuEKuYDRquM-00565-00138426-00138713 I think it would be nice if people could
DuEKuYDRquM-00566-00138714-00138989 state that right on the project page and
DuEKuYDRquM-00567-00138990-00139223 obviously that doesn't guarantee that
DuEKuYDRquM-00568-00139224-00139540 they'll be actually accessible but at
DuEKuYDRquM-00569-00139541-00139751 least it demonstrates
DuEKuYDRquM-00570-00139752-00139949 that they are
DuEKuYDRquM-00571-00139950-00140123 that they would be willing to accept
DuEKuYDRquM-00572-00140124-00140381 patches and consider accessibility bugs
DuEKuYDRquM-00573-00140382-00140657 as serious bugs to fix
DuEKuYDRquM-00574-00140658-00140801 and then if you have it on the project
DuEKuYDRquM-00575-00140802-00141028 page is what's nice about it is that as
DuEKuYDRquM-00576-00141029-00141299 an end user you can now filter modules
DuEKuYDRquM-00577-00141300-00141623 by accessibility too because if you are
DuEKuYDRquM-00578-00141624-00141839 a certain kind of organization that
DuEKuYDRquM-00579-00141840-00142025 might be really important to you more
DuEKuYDRquM-00580-00142026-00142240 and more we see government mandates or
DuEKuYDRquM-00581-00142241-00142385 accessibility
DuEKuYDRquM-00582-00142386-00142687 so you may want to filter modules by
DuEKuYDRquM-00583-00142688-00143135 accessibility compliance let's say
DuEKuYDRquM-00584-00143136-00143213 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00585-00143214-00143393 and so yes I think that would be a good
DuEKuYDRquM-00586-00143394-00143614 idea I'm sure there is a lot of little
DuEKuYDRquM-00587-00143615-00143849 details that
DuEKuYDRquM-00588-00143850-00144035 um are to be figured out or there's no
DuEKuYDRquM-00589-00144036-00144202 guarantees that kind of stuff but at
DuEKuYDRquM-00590-00144203-00144328 least
DuEKuYDRquM-00591-00144329-00144575 um I think it's a good idea and it's
DuEKuYDRquM-00592-00144576-00144911 Tom's idea wherever he's sitting
DuEKuYDRquM-00593-00144912-00145157 but uh like to see with increased
DuEKuYDRquM-00594-00145158-00145349 awareness even among developers that
DuEKuYDRquM-00595-00145350-00145451 this is something that they should
DuEKuYDRquM-00596-00145452-00145649 strive for and Achieve
DuEKuYDRquM-00597-00145650-00145816 um exactly regardless of whether they've
DuEKuYDRquM-00598-00145817-00146014 opted in is doing oh maybe I should
DuEKuYDRquM-00599-00146015-00146321 right I agree so
DuEKuYDRquM-00600-00146322-00146771 sounds like a great idea
DuEKuYDRquM-00601-00146772-00147083 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00602-00147084-00147401 it's automatic update
DuEKuYDRquM-00603-00147402-00147616 do you think this will also ship with a
DuEKuYDRquM-00604-00147617-00147887 tool that you could have the automated
DuEKuYDRquM-00605-00147888-00148121 eventually it's like a later phase
DuEKuYDRquM-00606-00148122-00148409 perhaps uh that the automatic updates
DuEKuYDRquM-00607-00148410-00148697 project could commit the code to get so
DuEKuYDRquM-00608-00148698-00148811 you're not just students in the
DuEKuYDRquM-00609-00148812-00148937 development environments and then you
DuEKuYDRquM-00610-00148938-00149081 can push it through
DuEKuYDRquM-00611-00149082-00149302 or is that really more for the hosting
DuEKuYDRquM-00612-00149303-00149590 companies to provide a way to do that if
DuEKuYDRquM-00613-00149591-00149861 what you what are your thoughts yeah I
DuEKuYDRquM-00614-00149862-00149927 think
DuEKuYDRquM-00615-00149928-00150137 it's a good question and I'm kind of
DuEKuYDRquM-00616-00150138-00150316 curious to see how different people will
DuEKuYDRquM-00617-00150317-00150497 use it to be honest
DuEKuYDRquM-00618-00150498-00150593 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00619-00150594-00150851 you know I can see some people using it
DuEKuYDRquM-00620-00150852-00151097 the way I demoed it where you hit the
DuEKuYDRquM-00621-00151098-00151289 button and it updates your site
DuEKuYDRquM-00622-00151290-00151516 that will probably be scary for many
DuEKuYDRquM-00623-00151517-00151804 organizations because they use a deaf
DuEKuYDRquM-00624-00151805-00152231 staging production workflow obviously so
DuEKuYDRquM-00625-00152232-00152476 you know we'll have to fit into those
DuEKuYDRquM-00626-00152477-00152837 workflows but even in those workflows
DuEKuYDRquM-00627-00152838-00153016 um you know they probably will use
DuEKuYDRquM-00628-00153017-00153437 composer and command line scripting but
DuEKuYDRquM-00629-00153438-00153616 even so maybe there is a way to do it
DuEKuYDRquM-00630-00153617-00153797 this way where
DuEKuYDRquM-00631-00153798-00153857 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00632-00153858-00154151 you know maybe you can upgrade a staging
DuEKuYDRquM-00633-00154152-00154397 environment with clicking buttons If you
DuEKuYDRquM-00634-00154398-00154757 will and then push to production so
DuEKuYDRquM-00635-00154758-00154919 I don't know I think people will figure
DuEKuYDRquM-00636-00154920-00155116 out different ways to make it part of
DuEKuYDRquM-00637-00155117-00155285 their workflow
DuEKuYDRquM-00638-00155286-00155611 um depending on their risk adverseness
DuEKuYDRquM-00639-00155612-00155826 depending on
DuEKuYDRquM-00640-00155827-00156101 their resources as well like not
DuEKuYDRquM-00641-00156102-00156340 everybody has Dev staging production
DuEKuYDRquM-00642-00156341-00156461 workflows
DuEKuYDRquM-00643-00156462-00156731 I think it's such a difference or
DuEKuYDRquM-00644-00156732-00156911 conflict maybe between the needs of
DuEKuYDRquM-00645-00156912-00157051 Enterprise
DuEKuYDRquM-00646-00157052-00157289 sites and agencies you're working with
DuEKuYDRquM-00647-00157290-00157535 us and then the end users that maybe the
DuEKuYDRquM-00648-00157536-00157835 smaller sites you know had a
DuEKuYDRquM-00649-00157836-00158051 feels a bit more like the other CMS
DuEKuYDRquM-00650-00158052-00158369 video with W that it's more towards that
DuEKuYDRquM-00651-00158370-00158554 type of audience than necessarily
DuEKuYDRquM-00652-00158555-00158789 Enterprise seems like a bit of a I think
DuEKuYDRquM-00653-00158790-00158963 what we're building is actually
DuEKuYDRquM-00654-00158964-00159185 nice in that it allows these Enterprise
DuEKuYDRquM-00655-00159186-00159431 use cases really well
DuEKuYDRquM-00656-00159432-00159604 um you know we have all the right tools
DuEKuYDRquM-00657-00159605-00159887 for Enterprises today with composer I
DuEKuYDRquM-00658-00159888-00160033 think and then
DuEKuYDRquM-00659-00160034-00160378 automated updates uh and project browser
DuEKuYDRquM-00660-00160379-00160571 is actually built on top of it but just
DuEKuYDRquM-00661-00160572-00160739 kind of makes it a lot more user
DuEKuYDRquM-00662-00160740-00160889 friendly but it's not like two different
DuEKuYDRquM-00663-00160890-00161201 ways of doing things in many ways it's
DuEKuYDRquM-00664-00161202-00161393 you know just making these complex
DuEKuYDRquM-00665-00161394-00161716 powerful tools available in a in an
DuEKuYDRquM-00666-00161717-00161975 easier to use way and so in that way we
DuEKuYDRquM-00667-00161976-00162275 can perfectly cater to both which is the
DuEKuYDRquM-00668-00162276-00162539 magic I think you know and you can even
DuEKuYDRquM-00669-00162540-00162821 start with the UI and then as you get
DuEKuYDRquM-00670-00162822-00163078 your site gets bigger or you get more
DuEKuYDRquM-00671-00163079-00163481 serious and you need to like move into a
DuEKuYDRquM-00672-00163482-00163745 more typical Enterprise workflow you can
DuEKuYDRquM-00673-00163746-00163961 and you won't have to make any changes
DuEKuYDRquM-00674-00163962-00164195 so it's a great way to get people
DuEKuYDRquM-00675-00164196-00164471 started and experiment with Drupal and
DuEKuYDRquM-00676-00164472-00164675 even for a small side maybe it's
DuEKuYDRquM-00677-00164676-00164939 perfectly fine the site grows and grows
DuEKuYDRquM-00678-00164940-00165119 maybe it becomes more important and now
DuEKuYDRquM-00679-00165120-00165364 you can be more serious between quotes
DuEKuYDRquM-00680-00165365-00165635 about it too and and take it to that
DuEKuYDRquM-00681-00165636-00165839 next level all with the same software
DuEKuYDRquM-00682-00165840-00166085 which is to me seems like a huge
DuEKuYDRquM-00683-00166086-00166247 compelling
DuEKuYDRquM-00684-00166248-00166373 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00685-00166374-00166673 like a very compelling Story versus like
DuEKuYDRquM-00686-00166674-00166931 oh you know a negative it's a positive
DuEKuYDRquM-00687-00166932-00167171 not a negative so do you think it would
DuEKuYDRquM-00688-00167172-00167476 help new adapters
DuEKuYDRquM-00689-00167477-00167723 love her sort of downloaded play with it
DuEKuYDRquM-00690-00167724-00167963 and then maybe start
DuEKuYDRquM-00691-00167964-00168119 treating Drupal like I did as a hobby
DuEKuYDRquM-00692-00168120-00168347 and get more involved
DuEKuYDRquM-00693-00168348-00168526 yeah I think I think a lot of the things
DuEKuYDRquM-00694-00168527-00168754 so I think a lot of us probably a lot of
DuEKuYDRquM-00695-00168755-00168923 people in the project they got involved
DuEKuYDRquM-00696-00168924-00169151 because
DuEKuYDRquM-00697-00169152-00169493 um they use droopy Drupal droopy Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00698-00169494-00169702 for a hobby project or a small project
DuEKuYDRquM-00699-00169703-00169859 and
DuEKuYDRquM-00700-00169860-00169943 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00701-00169944-00170159 you know could have been the their
DuEKuYDRquM-00702-00170160-00170464 soccer website or their blog or
DuEKuYDRquM-00703-00170465-00170669 something small and simple and maybe
DuEKuYDRquM-00704-00170670-00170902 raise your hand if that's how many of
DuEKuYDRquM-00705-00170903-00171119 you got involved with a small say yeah
DuEKuYDRquM-00706-00171120-00171340 there's a bunch of fancy maybe 20 people
DuEKuYDRquM-00707-00171341-00171599 that got involved because Drupal was
DuEKuYDRquM-00708-00171600-00171797 accessible and easy and I delighted them
DuEKuYDRquM-00709-00171798-00172031 to do something quickly
DuEKuYDRquM-00710-00172032-00172126 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00711-00172127-00172378 and now a lot of us are you know kind of
DuEKuYDRquM-00712-00172379-00172552 grew up with Drupal and ended up
DuEKuYDRquM-00713-00172553-00172739 building these large complex websites as
DuEKuYDRquM-00714-00172740-00172859 well
DuEKuYDRquM-00715-00172860-00173063 and so that's a very interesting
DuEKuYDRquM-00716-00173064-00173351 recruiting Dynamic you know and it's
DuEKuYDRquM-00717-00173352-00173525 important that we don't completely lose
DuEKuYDRquM-00718-00173526-00173681 that and I think a lot of the the work
DuEKuYDRquM-00719-00173682-00173902 that we're doing today Project browser
DuEKuYDRquM-00720-00173903-00174221 and automatic updates and etc etc will
DuEKuYDRquM-00721-00174222-00174419 make it we'll bring that back a little
DuEKuYDRquM-00722-00174420-00174635 bit like admittedly we've lost that a
DuEKuYDRquM-00723-00174636-00174802 little bit along the way
DuEKuYDRquM-00724-00174803-00175061 uh and so if we can make it easy for
DuEKuYDRquM-00725-00175062-00175331 people to get involved with Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00726-00175332-00175571 um and and make Drupal a little bit more
DuEKuYDRquM-00727-00175572-00175913 user friendly for smaller projects it's
DuEKuYDRquM-00728-00175914-00176093 a great way to recruit contributors
DuEKuYDRquM-00729-00176094-00176285 because what happens is you start with
DuEKuYDRquM-00730-00176286-00176543 Drupal you build things through the UI
DuEKuYDRquM-00731-00176544-00176771 and then it's like ah I wish it could do
DuEKuYDRquM-00732-00176772-00176938 this
DuEKuYDRquM-00733-00176939-00177154 and then you have to like maybe dabble a
DuEKuYDRquM-00734-00177155-00177454 little bit with codes and like I'll
DuEKuYDRquM-00735-00177455-00177635 before you know it you're building
DuEKuYDRquM-00736-00177636-00177845 modules and contributing back to Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00737-00177846-00177971 so
DuEKuYDRquM-00738-00177972-00178114 um you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00739-00178115-00178445 yeah so finding Drupal developers is a
DuEKuYDRquM-00740-00178446-00178613 an issue for all the Drupal agencies
DuEKuYDRquM-00741-00178614-00178852 I've talked to yes triple Trump do you
DuEKuYDRquM-00742-00178853-00179087 have any other ideas and how to yeah a
DuEKuYDRquM-00743-00179088-00179314 lot of ideas yeah I mean I think
DuEKuYDRquM-00744-00179315-00179578 I was talking to some Drupal agencies
DuEKuYDRquM-00745-00179579-00179783 last night actually and
DuEKuYDRquM-00746-00179784-00179999 a lot of them
DuEKuYDRquM-00747-00180000-00180328 uh allowed their employees to contribute
DuEKuYDRquM-00748-00180329-00180664 to Drupal as a tool to recruit people
DuEKuYDRquM-00749-00180665-00180940 because guess what
DuEKuYDRquM-00750-00180941-00181157 um you know a lot of the the best Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00751-00181158-00181337 contributors are aspiring Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00752-00181338-00181487 contributors they want to work for a
DuEKuYDRquM-00753-00181488-00181751 company that allow them to give back as
DuEKuYDRquM-00754-00181752-00181961 part of their job doesn't mean like
DuEKuYDRquM-00755-00181962-00182195 full-time necessarily but you know maybe
DuEKuYDRquM-00756-00182196-00182447 several hours a week that can be set
DuEKuYDRquM-00757-00182448-00182659 aside for them to
DuEKuYDRquM-00758-00182660-00182921 contribute back to the project or make
DuEKuYDRquM-00759-00182922-00183137 it part of their
DuEKuYDRquM-00760-00183138-00183407 um I get part of the the rhythm of the
DuEKuYDRquM-00761-00183408-00183781 organization meaning sometimes I see
DuEKuYDRquM-00762-00183782-00184031 agencies and companies you run into a
DuEKuYDRquM-00763-00184032-00184369 bug they just fix the bug on their local
DuEKuYDRquM-00764-00184370-00184613 environment and never contributed back
DuEKuYDRquM-00765-00184614-00184966 and that's a little sad and can be
DuEKuYDRquM-00766-00184967-00185195 frustrating to people that work at these
DuEKuYDRquM-00767-00185196-00185459 organizations so they like to work for
DuEKuYDRquM-00768-00185460-00185711 companies where you run into a bug or
DuEKuYDRquM-00769-00185712-00185926 you have to add a feature they're
DuEKuYDRquM-00770-00185927-00186251 allowed some time to then contribute it
DuEKuYDRquM-00771-00186252-00186473 back to the project
DuEKuYDRquM-00772-00186474-00186713 and that's really nice because
DuEKuYDRquM-00773-00186714-00186952 I think it allows and hopefully a lot of
DuEKuYDRquM-00774-00186953-00187133 you feel that way it allows you to be
DuEKuYDRquM-00775-00187134-00187325 part of something bigger you know I'll
DuEKuYDRquM-00776-00187326-00187516 feel you're like a part of the Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00777-00187517-00187769 project not just as an end user but as a
DuEKuYDRquM-00778-00187770-00188075 contributor and you can actually learn a
DuEKuYDRquM-00779-00188076-00188345 lot of things from contributing too
DuEKuYDRquM-00780-00188346-00188566 talk to a lot of contributors that say
DuEKuYDRquM-00781-00188567-00188843 I've learned so much from contributing
DuEKuYDRquM-00782-00188844-00189059 to Drupal and so it's good for a career
DuEKuYDRquM-00783-00189060-00189316 development it's good for attracting
DuEKuYDRquM-00784-00189317-00189593 some of the best talent to Drupal so I
DuEKuYDRquM-00785-00189594-00189701 think it helps and then you should
DuEKuYDRquM-00786-00189702-00189893 advertise it and that's one of the
DuEKuYDRquM-00787-00189894-00190025 reasons why we have the credit system
DuEKuYDRquM-00788-00190026-00190121 too
DuEKuYDRquM-00789-00190122-00190409 and companies use the credit system to
DuEKuYDRquM-00790-00190410-00190633 show potential
DuEKuYDRquM-00791-00190634-00190876 employees like hey if you come work here
DuEKuYDRquM-00792-00190877-00191087 we contribute that we allow you to
DuEKuYDRquM-00793-00191088-00191309 contribute back and it's
DuEKuYDRquM-00794-00191310-00191375 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00795-00191376-00191573 you know I think it's like it I think I
DuEKuYDRquM-00796-00191574-00191861 think it helps you hire great talent
DuEKuYDRquM-00797-00191862-00192166 it's it's definitely a a promotion tool
DuEKuYDRquM-00798-00192167-00192359 if you know for recruitment process I
DuEKuYDRquM-00799-00192360-00192557 think the fact that you can provide
DuEKuYDRquM-00800-00192558-00192731 people at the time
DuEKuYDRquM-00801-00192732-00192983 they'll want to work more perhaps a bit
DuEKuYDRquM-00802-00192984-00193259 your company but I have a few questions
DuEKuYDRquM-00803-00193260-00193366 in
DuEKuYDRquM-00804-00193367-00193607 um on the Drupal learning curve
DuEKuYDRquM-00805-00193608-00193811 and you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00806-00193812-00194033 what can be done to help new developers
DuEKuYDRquM-00807-00194034-00194195 overcome that
DuEKuYDRquM-00808-00194196-00194345 to make it easier for them to get
DuEKuYDRquM-00809-00194346-00194554 involved yeah
DuEKuYDRquM-00810-00194555-00194681 yeah
DuEKuYDRquM-00811-00194682-00194831 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00812-00194832-00194988 it's a great question and it's probably
DuEKuYDRquM-00813-00194989-00195299 not a quick and easy answer but and
DuEKuYDRquM-00814-00195300-00195497 that's a neutral yeah
DuEKuYDRquM-00815-00195498-00195707 that's been an ongoing
DuEKuYDRquM-00816-00195708-00195814 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00817-00195815-00196121 you know Journey but I think we can do a
DuEKuYDRquM-00818-00196122-00196288 lot more I think
DuEKuYDRquM-00819-00196289-00196504 um around
DuEKuYDRquM-00820-00196505-00196726 sort of the onboarding of people too
DuEKuYDRquM-00821-00196727-00196931 like
DuEKuYDRquM-00822-00196932-00197123 I'm going to give another example maybe
DuEKuYDRquM-00823-00197124-00197309 and I think it's an opportunity for the
DuEKuYDRquM-00824-00197310-00197549 Drupal cessation too but
DuEKuYDRquM-00825-00197550-00197813 when you join the project typically
DuEKuYDRquM-00826-00197814-00197987 people will create an account on
DuEKuYDRquM-00827-00197988-00198149 drupal.org
DuEKuYDRquM-00828-00198150-00198497 and when you do right now that's it
DuEKuYDRquM-00829-00198498-00198695 you've got an account but if you think
DuEKuYDRquM-00830-00198696-00198940 about what other organizations do they
DuEKuYDRquM-00831-00198941-00199126 usually nurture people
DuEKuYDRquM-00832-00199127-00199481 so maybe a week after or immediately you
DuEKuYDRquM-00833-00199482-00199588 get an email
DuEKuYDRquM-00834-00199589-00199775 because you created an account and the
DuEKuYDRquM-00835-00199776-00200140 email will say now do this
DuEKuYDRquM-00836-00200141-00200393 or they point you to things you know and
DuEKuYDRquM-00837-00200394-00200657 they have like this nurturing process to
DuEKuYDRquM-00838-00200658-00200795 get people
DuEKuYDRquM-00839-00200796-00200993 uh you know let's say in our case
DuEKuYDRquM-00840-00200994-00201275 productive and they support that Journey
DuEKuYDRquM-00841-00201276-00201538 maybe we email them a video hey you
DuEKuYDRquM-00842-00201539-00201713 create an account watch this five minute
DuEKuYDRquM-00843-00201714-00201899 video to learn about how we work
DuEKuYDRquM-00844-00201900-00202019 together
DuEKuYDRquM-00845-00202020-00202247 watch this video to learn how to make
DuEKuYDRquM-00846-00202248-00202523 your first contribution you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00847-00202524-00202763 so that I think we don't do so there's
DuEKuYDRquM-00848-00202764-00202973 all this untapped potential I think to
DuEKuYDRquM-00849-00202974-00203164 help people along but that's on
DuEKuYDRquM-00850-00203165-00203440 drupal.org I think
DuEKuYDRquM-00851-00203441-00203531 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00852-00203532-00203699 I think you know there's training
DuEKuYDRquM-00853-00203700-00204035 documentation books all these things
DuEKuYDRquM-00854-00204036-00204271 that can help people get get started
DuEKuYDRquM-00855-00204272-00204485 Simon wants to know if there are any
DuEKuYDRquM-00856-00204486-00204916 specific plans to improve documentation
DuEKuYDRquM-00857-00204917-00205066 um I don't know if there's specific
DuEKuYDRquM-00858-00205067-00205373 plans I'm sure various people in the
DuEKuYDRquM-00859-00205373-00205510 community are working on improving
DuEKuYDRquM-00860-00205511-00205738 documentation I'm not sure I know all
DuEKuYDRquM-00861-00205739-00205901 the details yeah
DuEKuYDRquM-00862-00205902-00206086 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00863-00206087-00206482 so change uh topic uh you mentioned in
DuEKuYDRquM-00864-00206483-00206669 one of your slides that all the great
DuEKuYDRquM-00865-00206669-00206855 work that we've done like we're symphony
DuEKuYDRquM-00866-00206856-00207160 six ready we're nearly there for uh PHP
DuEKuYDRquM-00867-00207161-00207394 8.2 and you also mentioned smaller core
DuEKuYDRquM-00868-00207396-00207610 so
DuEKuYDRquM-00869-00207611-00207803 how do you make the decisions of what
DuEKuYDRquM-00870-00207804-00208055 features leave core what features are
DuEKuYDRquM-00871-00208056-00208223 doing intercore somebody's mentioning
DuEKuYDRquM-00872-00208223-00208462 the paragraphs module
DuEKuYDRquM-00873-00208463-00208666 then we have layout Builder but you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00874-00208667-00208882 how do you decide what should be in core
DuEKuYDRquM-00875-00208883-00209062 and what shouldn't be it's a good good
DuEKuYDRquM-00876-00209063-00209188 question
DuEKuYDRquM-00877-00209189-00209344 there's a couple of different ways we
DuEKuYDRquM-00878-00209346-00209603 think about it I would say
DuEKuYDRquM-00879-00209604-00209969 um some some things we decide
DuEKuYDRquM-00880-00209969-00210119 um sort of
DuEKuYDRquM-00881-00210119-00210365 Grassroots I would say and so people
DuEKuYDRquM-00882-00210366-00210629 just contribute things and when we see
DuEKuYDRquM-00883-00210630-00210796 them are like wow that's cool it should
DuEKuYDRquM-00884-00210798-00211013 be in core that's one way that happens
DuEKuYDRquM-00885-00211014-00211306 which is great another way sometimes is
DuEKuYDRquM-00886-00211307-00211571 we look at
DuEKuYDRquM-00887-00211571-00211775 um you know a principle that we use for
DuEKuYDRquM-00888-00211776-00211948 core is like if it's in core it should
DuEKuYDRquM-00889-00211950-00212182 be used a lot you know like it should be
DuEKuYDRquM-00890-00212183-00212434 infrastructure it shouldn't necessarily
DuEKuYDRquM-00891-00212435-00212734 be something used by two percent of the
DuEKuYDRquM-00892-00212735-00213048 people using Drupal and so we we try to
DuEKuYDRquM-00893-00213050-00213353 apply that filter and it's actually also
DuEKuYDRquM-00894-00213354-00213587 the filter that we applied to remove
DuEKuYDRquM-00895-00213588-00213856 things from core so we remove things
DuEKuYDRquM-00896-00213857-00214151 like aggregator and for a module and
DuEKuYDRquM-00897-00214152-00214325 that's because when we look at the
DuEKuYDRquM-00898-00214326-00214523 adoption of these features
DuEKuYDRquM-00899-00214523-00214823 we felt like they were not used enough
DuEKuYDRquM-00900-00214823-00215201 to warrant inclusion in court and so
DuEKuYDRquM-00901-00215202-00215471 that's another principle that we do
DuEKuYDRquM-00902-00215471-00215627 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00903-00215628-00215831 and then the third piece I would say is
DuEKuYDRquM-00904-00215832-00216131 like we do I organize like a Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00905-00216132-00216473 product survey every few years around
DuEKuYDRquM-00906-00216473-00216665 every major release and we survey
DuEKuYDRquM-00907-00216666-00216881 everyone in the Drupal community
DuEKuYDRquM-00908-00216882-00217115 and people kind of vote if you will
DuEKuYDRquM-00909-00217116-00217355 about what things they would like to see
DuEKuYDRquM-00910-00217356-00217703 in core and so we use that as a as an
DuEKuYDRquM-00911-00217704-00217955 input as well and so for example the
DuEKuYDRquM-00912-00217956-00218101 last survey
DuEKuYDRquM-00913-00218102-00218308 automatic updates
DuEKuYDRquM-00914-00218309-00218584 was like the number one thing by far
DuEKuYDRquM-00915-00218585-00218831 and so that's how we decided that we
DuEKuYDRquM-00916-00218832-00218981 should have that in core
DuEKuYDRquM-00917-00218982-00219203 okay so there's a there's very
DuEKuYDRquM-00918-00219204-00219460 Grassroots ways and then there is kind
DuEKuYDRquM-00919-00219461-00219737 of top down ways based on community
DuEKuYDRquM-00920-00219738-00220013 inputs it's not like just me deciding it
DuEKuYDRquM-00921-00220014-00220205 it's like you know we go through a
DuEKuYDRquM-00922-00220206-00220391 survey and a process of looking at the
DuEKuYDRquM-00923-00220392-00220541 data
DuEKuYDRquM-00924-00220542-00220708 um that kind of stuff and then there is
DuEKuYDRquM-00925-00220709-00220942 also this lens about
DuEKuYDRquM-00926-00220944-00221069 you know core should be about
DuEKuYDRquM-00927-00221069-00221279 infrastructure
DuEKuYDRquM-00928-00221280-00221339 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00929-00221340-00221489 and so we
DuEKuYDRquM-00930-00221490-00221632 actually talked a little bit about this
DuEKuYDRquM-00931-00221633-00221801 in the previous grease node in Portland
DuEKuYDRquM-00932-00221802-00222101 where we look at how many people use it
DuEKuYDRquM-00933-00222102-00222377 what's the effort to maintain it as well
DuEKuYDRquM-00934-00222378-00222701 and we kind of try to decide if it's
DuEKuYDRquM-00935-00222702-00223019 core wordy that way
DuEKuYDRquM-00936-00223019-00223169 so
DuEKuYDRquM-00937-00223169-00223265 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00938-00223266-00223451 and then we sometimes we move things
DuEKuYDRquM-00939-00223452-00223625 from contribute to court I don't think
DuEKuYDRquM-00940-00223626-00223903 I've you know complete at that point but
DuEKuYDRquM-00941-00223904-00224213 if something gets built in contrib and
DuEKuYDRquM-00942-00224214-00224410 it gets really widely adopted to the
DuEKuYDRquM-00943-00224411-00224603 point that basically everybody installs
DuEKuYDRquM-00944-00224604-00224717 it
DuEKuYDRquM-00945-00224717-00225065 then we move it into core and examples
DuEKuYDRquM-00946-00225066-00225389 of that are what was called cck
DuEKuYDRquM-00947-00225390-00225865 as well as views these were two modules
DuEKuYDRquM-00948-00225866-00226181 basically almost everybody used and so
DuEKuYDRquM-00949-00226182-00226391 we felt or it's better if we put it in
DuEKuYDRquM-00950-00226392-00226721 core because then we can maintain it
DuEKuYDRquM-00951-00226721-00226798 um
DuEKuYDRquM-00952-00226800-00227044 in core and we can kind of simplify a
DuEKuYDRquM-00953-00227046-00227296 few things around guaranteeing a good
DuEKuYDRquM-00954-00227298-00227519 upgrade process and that kind of stuff
DuEKuYDRquM-00955-00227519-00227777 so I think path
DuEKuYDRquM-00956-00227778-00228034 o I use it on every size yeah that's
DuEKuYDRquM-00957-00228035-00228298 yeah is it the number one module right
DuEKuYDRquM-00958-00228300-00228544 now what's yeah it is no definitely in
DuEKuYDRquM-00959-00228546-00228827 the top five I think and that's token is
DuEKuYDRquM-00960-00228828-00228994 probably one of them
DuEKuYDRquM-00961-00228996-00229163 actually it might be candidates for
DuEKuYDRquM-00962-00229164-00229655 inclusion yeah
DuEKuYDRquM-00963-00229656-00229894 changing topic ever Society like
DuEKuYDRquM-00964-00229896-00230177 a bit back to the promotion but super
DuEKuYDRquM-00965-00230178-00230434 Commerce you know is quite powerful and
DuEKuYDRquM-00966-00230435-00230615 it's sort of the leading Drupal platform
DuEKuYDRquM-00967-00230616-00230825 for e-commerce
DuEKuYDRquM-00968-00230826-00231179 why is it not promoted as much or talked
DuEKuYDRquM-00969-00231180-00231394 yeah I don't know the answer but it
DuEKuYDRquM-00970-00231396-00231575 should be promoted more because it's
DuEKuYDRquM-00971-00231576-00231881 pretty a great set of modules to build
DuEKuYDRquM-00972-00231882-00232042 you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00973-00232044-00232210 for a certain category of Commerce
DuEKuYDRquM-00974-00232211-00232439 websites it's like excellent you know
DuEKuYDRquM-00975-00232440-00232721 and very full featured and Powerful
DuEKuYDRquM-00976-00232721-00232901 capabilities but that's a good example
DuEKuYDRquM-00977-00232902-00233027 of like
DuEKuYDRquM-00978-00233028-00233219 what we need to promote more because
DuEKuYDRquM-00979-00233219-00233410 they have incredible references there's
DuEKuYDRquM-00980-00233411-00233656 like 60 000 websites using Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00981-00233657-00233896 Commerce wow it's a lot of sites you
DuEKuYDRquM-00982-00233898-00234017 know
DuEKuYDRquM-00983-00234017-00234167 um and some of these sites are pretty
DuEKuYDRquM-00984-00234167-00234323 impressive sites I was actually talking
DuEKuYDRquM-00985-00234323-00234610 to Ryan who is um
DuEKuYDRquM-00986-00234611-00234863 you know sort of the founder of Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-00987-00234864-00235073 Commerce I don't know if Ryan is here
DuEKuYDRquM-00988-00235073-00235360 but he was talking about a website I
DuEKuYDRquM-00989-00235361-00235498 won't say the name but it's a
DuEKuYDRquM-00990-00235500-00235691 pharmaceutical company
DuEKuYDRquM-00991-00235692-00235906 that uses
DuEKuYDRquM-00992-00235907-00236110 um Drupal Commerce too I think they sell
DuEKuYDRquM-00993-00236111-00236387 covet tests and they're now doing
DuEKuYDRquM-00994-00236388-00236591 billions of dollars
DuEKuYDRquM-00995-00236592-00236903 in like e-commerce Revenue through
DuEKuYDRquM-00996-00236904-00237155 Drupal Commerce incredible incredible
DuEKuYDRquM-00997-00237156-00237353 use case
DuEKuYDRquM-00998-00237354-00237587 um and that's just one of the sites you
DuEKuYDRquM-00999-00237588-00237773 know of the sixty thousands so there's
DuEKuYDRquM-01000-00237773-00237941 all these great sites using Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-01001-00237942-00238132 Commerce but it goes back to like we
DuEKuYDRquM-01002-00238133-00238337 need to have some promotion around
DuEKuYDRquM-01003-00238338-00238606 Drupal Commerce and again Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-01004-00238607-00238871 Commerce in a way competes with
DuEKuYDRquM-01005-00238871-00239146 large Commerce platforms and and
DuEKuYDRquM-01006-00239148-00239369 commerce is a larger industry than
DuEKuYDRquM-01007-00239369-00239519 content management
DuEKuYDRquM-01008-00239519-00239944 you know like CMS is small Commerce is
DuEKuYDRquM-01009-00239946-00240167 large so we're up against the Commerce
DuEKuYDRquM-01010-00240167-00240467 tools of the world magentos of the world
DuEKuYDRquM-01011-00240467-00240677 these large companies
DuEKuYDRquM-01012-00240678-00240755 um
DuEKuYDRquM-01013-00240756-00240989 and so you could think these companies
DuEKuYDRquM-01014-00240990-00241253 probably have marketing teams of you
DuEKuYDRquM-01015-00241254-00241463 know 20 30 people that all they do is
DuEKuYDRquM-01016-00241464-00241696 promote Commerce and so we have nothing
DuEKuYDRquM-01017-00241698-00241906 so
DuEKuYDRquM-01018-00241907-00242129 um I think
DuEKuYDRquM-01019-00242130-00242381 that alone we could spend a lot of time
DuEKuYDRquM-01020-00242382-00242531 and effort promoting our Commerce
DuEKuYDRquM-01021-00242532-00242782 solution I don't think we'll ever get to
DuEKuYDRquM-01022-00242783-00243010 20 30 people to promote Drupal Commerce
DuEKuYDRquM-01023-00243011-00243306 but just promoting it better I think
DuEKuYDRquM-01024-00243307-00243587 could go a very long way so I'm
DuEKuYDRquM-01025-00243588-00243784 conscious that we're out of time
DuEKuYDRquM-01026-00243785-00243958 it's flashing up
DuEKuYDRquM-01027-00243959-00244108 um but I do I do two more quick
DuEKuYDRquM-01028-00244109-00244325 questions I'll be brief
DuEKuYDRquM-01029-00244326-00244534 so are you still willing to submit a
DuEKuYDRquM-01030-00244535-00244998 video recipe for you mommy yes
DuEKuYDRquM-01031-00245000-00245315 project together we can do it what
DuEKuYDRquM-01032-00245316-00245608 recipe oh good question well actually
DuEKuYDRquM-01033-00245609-00245806 it's funny a fun anecdote like one of
DuEKuYDRquM-01034-00245807-00245992 the things you'd like to do is write a
DuEKuYDRquM-01035-00245994-00246119 cookbook together
DuEKuYDRquM-01036-00246119-00246292 because she's a great cook and I like
DuEKuYDRquM-01037-00246294-00246473 photography and we have all these ideas
DuEKuYDRquM-01038-00246473-00246739 for recipes so we would love to
DuEKuYDRquM-01039-00246740-00247019 contribute a recipe we don't know which
DuEKuYDRquM-01040-00247019-00247319 one but uh we'll find something
DuEKuYDRquM-01041-00247319-00247577 and last question where did you Source
DuEKuYDRquM-01042-00247578-00247744 the amazing background pictures you had
DuEKuYDRquM-01043-00247746-00247973 in your site where did you Source where
DuEKuYDRquM-01044-00247973-00248165 did you get the the amazing pictures
DuEKuYDRquM-01045-00248166-00248351 he's using your snides I actually don't
DuEKuYDRquM-01046-00248352-00248675 know so I work with a designer so I make
DuEKuYDRquM-01047-00248676-00248932 black and white slides I call them ugly
DuEKuYDRquM-01048-00248933-00249281 slides and then I hand the slides to her
DuEKuYDRquM-01049-00249282-00249581 and she makes it all pretty and she has
DuEKuYDRquM-01050-00249582-00249989 various sources to get the artwork in
DuEKuYDRquM-01051-00249990-00250182 the slides yeah
DuEKuYDRquM-01052-00250183-00250427 it's Ash and some of you have met her
DuEKuYDRquM-01053-00250428-00250648 she's been helping with my slides for
DuEKuYDRquM-01054-00250650-00251021 many years and um actually we were
DuEKuYDRquM-01055-00251021-00251153 talking about this the other day as well
DuEKuYDRquM-01056-00251154-00251392 but like around 10 years ago
DuEKuYDRquM-01057-00251394-00251663 I decided to get serious about my grease
DuEKuYDRquM-01058-00251664-00251860 notes because I felt like you only get
DuEKuYDRquM-01059-00251861-00252005 the stage in front of the Drupal
DuEKuYDRquM-01060-00252006-00252131 community
DuEKuYDRquM-01061-00252132-00252389 like at large if you will twice a year
DuEKuYDRquM-01062-00252390-00252563 and before that some of you might
DuEKuYDRquM-01063-00252564-00252796 remember I actually presented black and
DuEKuYDRquM-01064-00252798-00253060 white slides
DuEKuYDRquM-01065-00253061-00253294 and about 10 years ago I said you know
DuEKuYDRquM-01066-00253296-00253469 what I'm going to actually spend a lot
DuEKuYDRquM-01067-00253469-00253769 of time and money too creating slights
DuEKuYDRquM-01068-00253769-00254027 and upping the production quality and so
DuEKuYDRquM-01069-00254028-00254344 I hired a designer to help me
DuEKuYDRquM-01070-00254346-00254663 and I still work with her today and so
DuEKuYDRquM-01071-00254664-00254884 all the credit goes there she does an
DuEKuYDRquM-01072-00254885-00255071 amazing job yeah yes
DuEKuYDRquM-01073-00255071-00255196 you're also given an amazing amazing
DuEKuYDRquM-01074-00255198-00255467 Keynotes so thank you very much thank
DuEKuYDRquM-01075-00255467-00255709 you very much
Dv_VRVSogig-00000-00000011-00000289 the kalamu Kuwar a medieval Shaivite
Dv_VRVSogig-00001-00000290-00000467 sect of the Deccan Plateau who were
Dv_VRVSogig-00002-00000468-00000638 among the first professional monks of
Dv_VRVSogig-00003-00000639-00000908 India their earliest monasteries were
Dv_VRVSogig-00004-00000909-00001468 built in Mysore
Dv_VRVSogig-00005-00001469-00002093 topic origin and etymology
Dv_VRVSogig-00006-00002094-00002334 information regarding the kalam Yuka sec
Dv_VRVSogig-00007-00002335-00002541 takes the form of inscriptions relating
Dv_VRVSogig-00008-00002542-00002739 to temple grants and texts usually
Dv_VRVSogig-00009-00002740-00002976 written by their opponents they appear
Dv_VRVSogig-00010-00002977-00003083 to have been an offshoot of the
Dv_VRVSogig-00011-00003084-00003309 pashupati sect about whom more is known
Dv_VRVSogig-00012-00003310-00003561 their name was derived from Kalamata
Dv_VRVSogig-00013-00003561-00003765 meaning black-faced which refers to
Dv_VRVSogig-00014-00003765-00003939 their painting of a black streak as a
Dv_VRVSogig-00015-00003940-00004154 symbolic caste mark on their face
Dv_VRVSogig-00016-00004155-00004400 evidence from the Puranas and similar
Dv_VRVSogig-00017-00004401-00004584 ancient texts makes it clear that they
Dv_VRVSogig-00018-00004585-00004772 were also known by other names such as
Dv_VRVSogig-00019-00004773-00005064 Laguna lacunae and Nakula and associated
Dv_VRVSogig-00020-00005065-00005235 with other words meaning black faced
Dv_VRVSogig-00021-00005236-00005436 such as : onna the rise of the
Dv_VRVSogig-00022-00005437-00005609 callimachus to a position of influence
Dv_VRVSogig-00023-00005610-00005850 coincided with the popularization of the
Dv_VRVSogig-00024-00005851-00006047 Aguila texts of Shaivism and they are
Dv_VRVSogig-00025-00006048-00006210 shown in the Tea Room on Durham is one
Dv_VRVSogig-00026-00006211-00006384 of the six schools of thought to emerge
Dv_VRVSogig-00027-00006385-00006684 from the agamas theirs was not however a
Dv_VRVSogig-00028-00006684-00006884 school based purely on the agamas as
Dv_VRVSogig-00029-00006886-00007085 they also took heed of the Orthodox Rudy
Dv_VRVSogig-00030-00007086-00007214 and were well versed in the vaisheshika
Dv_VRVSogig-00031-00007215-00007527 and Yaya schools the Callum actors were
Dv_VRVSogig-00032-00007528-00007725 themselves subdivided with at least two
Dv_VRVSogig-00033-00007726-00007931 divisions called the Sauk to Paris at in
Dv_VRVSogig-00034-00007933-00008178 the sim apéro set the former of these
Dv_VRVSogig-00035-00008179-00008391 were found over a wide ranging area and
Dv_VRVSogig-00036-00008392-00008570 the latter were mostly concentrated
Dv_VRVSogig-00037-00008571-00009287 around the districts of Darwin Shimoga
Dv_VRVSogig-00038-00009288-00009793 topic history
Dv_VRVSogig-00039-00009794-00010039 according to Remender Nath nanny the
Dv_VRVSogig-00040-00010040-00010219 first known record of the Calla mukha
Dv_VRVSogig-00041-00010220-00010366 sect as a grant issued by the
Dv_VRVSogig-00042-00010367-00010687 rashtrakuta dynasty in 807 seee although
Dv_VRVSogig-00043-00010688-00010885 he also refers to the existence of a
Dv_VRVSogig-00044-00010886-00011092 kalamu commonness dairy in mysore in the
Dv_VRVSogig-00045-00011093-00011359 8th century among the references are a
Dv_VRVSogig-00046-00011360-00011593 calla mukha temple recorded in Srinivasa
Dv_VRVSogig-00047-00011594-00011899 in 870 another with a college at Chitra
Dv_VRVSogig-00048-00011900-00012217 Durga in 947 and a monastery and temple
Dv_VRVSogig-00049-00012218-00012562 at nanjangudu by 900 77 their major
Dv_VRVSogig-00050-00012563-00012793 center was at Bala Gavi and other temple
Dv_VRVSogig-00051-00012794-00013066 sites included one at Vijayawada there
Dv_VRVSogig-00052-00013066-00013249 is a gap in the recorded evidence of
Dv_VRVSogig-00053-00013250-00013405 them for around two centuries after
Dv_VRVSogig-00054-00013406-00013609 which they are well documented until the
Dv_VRVSogig-00055-00013610-00013766 Vijayanagara era
Dv_VRVSogig-00056-00013768-00014074 Ramanuja a Vaishnavite acharya may have
Dv_VRVSogig-00057-00014075-00014244 confused the kalam uka with the cop
Dv_VRVSogig-00058-00014246-00014469 aleka's in his sri Basia work in which
Dv_VRVSogig-00059-00014471-00014653 he noted them as eating from a skull in
Dv_VRVSogig-00060-00014654-00014947 keeping wine such practices were common
Dv_VRVSogig-00061-00014947-00015151 for the cop aleka's but are atypical for
Dv_VRVSogig-00062-00015152-00015400 the callimachus his writings may have
Dv_VRVSogig-00063-00015401-00015591 been colored by his experienced of being
Dv_VRVSogig-00064-00015593-00015769 a member of a different school and being
Dv_VRVSogig-00065-00015769-00015931 forced by the callimachus and other
Dv_VRVSogig-00066-00015932-00016134 Shiites to leave his native Tamil Nadu
Dv_VRVSogig-00067-00016135-00016419 there was also possibly a desire to
Dv_VRVSogig-00068-00016420-00016609 discredit because of an element of fear
Dv_VRVSogig-00069-00016610-00016794 or jealousy driven by the then rising
Dv_VRVSogig-00070-00016795-00017059 popularity of the callimachus none
Dv_VRVSogig-00071-00017060-00017221 denotes that the Kalam ACCA's were a
Dv_VRVSogig-00072-00017222-00017437 site sect of social and religious
Dv_VRVSogig-00073-00017438-00017650 reformers with a strong social basis
Dv_VRVSogig-00074-00017651-00017839 whereas the cop aleka's were a sect of
Dv_VRVSogig-00075-00017840-00018049 selfish self seekers practicing queer
Dv_VRVSogig-00076-00018050-00018219 and gruesome rights at the cremation
Dv_VRVSogig-00077-00018220-00018444 ground away from human localities
Dv_VRVSogig-00078-00018445-00018733 nonetheless for many years scholars such
Dv_VRVSogig-00079-00018734-00018958 as RG Bhandarkar believed the Kalam Act
Dv_VRVSogig-00080-00018959-00019138 is to be a more extreme sect than the
Dv_VRVSogig-00081-00019139-00019315 Coppola cos despite acknowledging that
Dv_VRVSogig-00082-00019316-00019483 ramanuja's written accounta were
Dv_VRVSogig-00083-00019484-00019777 confused david Lorenson believes this
Dv_VRVSogig-00084-00019778-00019957 error lay in placing emphasis on
Dv_VRVSogig-00085-00019958-00020155 Ramanuja skewed written record above
Dv_VRVSogig-00086-00020156-00020397 that placed on such epigraphic 11 strim
Dv_VRVSogig-00087-00020398-00020581 inscriptions as had been collated by the
Dv_VRVSogig-00088-00020582-00020791 time been darker and others analyzed the
Dv_VRVSogig-00089-00020792-00021007 situation
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00000-00000082-00001102 [Music]
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00001-00001103-00001331 welcome to title Tuesdays this is marked
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00002-00001332-00001537 four marks minutes and we're going to
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00003-00001538-00001742 talk about permits everybody takes some
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00004-00001743-00001942 notes so first of all we're gonna write
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00005-00001943-00002090 it into two parts first we're going to
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00006-00002091-00002326 talk about investors and permit matters
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00007-00002327-00002621 regardless of whether you're an investor
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00008-00002622-00002798 an end buyer doesn't matter remember
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00009-00002799-00003058 permits are not covered by title
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00010-00003059-00003295 insurance never have been and so far
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00011-00003296-00003542 never will be but why do we bring it up
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00012-00003543-00003776 in a title topic because it comes up all
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00013-00003777-00003938 the time we want to make sure that you
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00014-00003939-00004247 are informed and you work with us so we
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00015-00004248-00004408 have to take care of you with education
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00016-00004409-00004856 permit matters are contractual so please
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00017-00004857-00005035 look at the contracts that you're using
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00018-00005036-00005270 regardless if you're an investor or if
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00019-00005271-00005563 you're a retail real estate agent please
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00020-00005564-00005702 look at the contract that you're using
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00021-00005703-00006002 so that you can cover yourself or your
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00022-00006003-00006326 buyer in the contracts especially on the
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00023-00006327-00006745 new Oz's contract since April of 2017 it
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00024-00006747-00007009 even brings up more of an issue about
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00025-00007011-00007262 permits and permits have always been for
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00026-00007263-00007505 the last seven years in the as is Farber
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00027-00007506-00007810 contract has been the responsibility of
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00028-00007811-00008144 the buyer during their inspection period
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00029-00008145-00008387 now for all of you agents out there that
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00030-00008388-00008663 know how long it could take for a
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00031-00008664-00008837 municipal lien search to bring back a
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00032-00008838-00009062 permit matter you know that sometimes it
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00033-00009063-00009230 takes longer than how many days your
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00034-00009231-00009398 inspection period if you leave it blank
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00035-00009399-00009631 it's 15 days most listing agents won't
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00036-00009632-00009821 allow 15 days they give you ten to give
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00037-00009822-00009974 you seven they give you five that you
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00038-00009975-00010244 may give you none but it's still your
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00039-00010245-00010474 responsibility I know I know what you're
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00040-00010475-00010520 saying
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00041-00010521-00010706 oh but mark they're getting a loan they
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00042-00010707-00010844 have to pay for the appraisal they have
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00043-00010845-00011056 to pay for the inspection now they have
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00044-00011057-00011273 to check out the permit matter well if
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00045-00011274-00011438 you're the great agent that I know you
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00046-00011439-00011633 are you're gonna prepare for that how
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00047-00011634-00011753 are you gonna prepare for that one
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00048-00011754-00012064 you're going to perhaps depending on the
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00049-00012065-00012242 deal and who you're dealing with maybe
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00050-00012243-00012434 you'll put some addendum language into
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00051-00012435-00012656 the contract that says seven days
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00052-00012657-00012958 inspection for the home and perhaps up
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00053-00012959-00013304 to 21 calendar days for municipal
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00054-00013305-00013541 that's one way to cover it another way
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00055-00013541-00013757 that potentially will cover it is to put
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00056-00013758-00013969 a disclaimer in or an addendum into the
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00057-00013971-00014168 contract saying that seller will be
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00058-00014169-00014525 responsible to resolve and close at any
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00059-00014526-00014759 permit matters that may exist is another
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00060-00014760-00014972 way to do it to perhaps avoid having to
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00061-00014972-00015161 do it during an inspection period but
Dxi2d1xG3ao-00062-00015162-00015329 when you're taking your buyer out with
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DxPKPLchFZu-00000-00000051-00000281 On the Origin of Species or more
DxPKPLchFZu-00001-00000282-00000488 completely on the Origin of Species by
DxPKPLchFZu-00002-00000488-00000671 means of natural selection or the
DxPKPLchFZu-00003-00000672-00000877 preservation of favoured races in the
DxPKPLchFZu-00004-00000878-00001103 struggle for life published on the 24th
DxPKPLchFZu-00005-00001104-00001421 of November 1859 is a work of scientific
DxPKPLchFZu-00006-00001422-00001609 literature by Charles Darwin which is
DxPKPLchFZu-00007-00001610-00001763 considered to be the foundation of
DxPKPLchFZu-00008-00001764-00002048 evolutionary biology Darwin's book
DxPKPLchFZu-00009-00002049-00002234 introduced the scientific theory that
DxPKPLchFZu-00010-00002235-00002443 populations evolved over the course of
DxPKPLchFZu-00011-00002444-00002626 generations through a process of natural
DxPKPLchFZu-00012-00002627-00002900 selection it presented a body of
DxPKPLchFZu-00013-00002901-00003071 evidence that the diversity of life
DxPKPLchFZu-00014-00003072-00003235 arose by common descent through a
DxPKPLchFZu-00015-00003236-00003409 branching pattern of evolution
DxPKPLchFZu-00016-00003410-00003652 Darwin included evidence that he had
DxPKPLchFZu-00017-00003653-00003841 gathered on the Beagle expedition in the
DxPKPLchFZu-00018-00003842-00004072 1830s and his subsequent findings from
DxPKPLchFZu-00019-00004073-00004234 research correspondence and
DxPKPLchFZu-00020-00004235-00004468 experimentation various evolutionary
DxPKPLchFZu-00021-00004469-00004645 ideas had already been proposed to
DxPKPLchFZu-00022-00004646-00004936 explain new findings in biology there
DxPKPLchFZu-00023-00004937-00005159 was growing support for such ideas among
DxPKPLchFZu-00024-00005160-00005338 dissident anatomist sin the general
DxPKPLchFZu-00025-00005339-00005518 public but during the first half of the
DxPKPLchFZu-00026-00005519-00005743 19th century the English scientific
DxPKPLchFZu-00027-00005744-00005944 establishment was closely tied to the
DxPKPLchFZu-00028-00005945-00006134 Church of England while science was part
DxPKPLchFZu-00029-00006135-00006416 of natural theology ideas about the
DxPKPLchFZu-00030-00006417-00006587 transmutation of species were
DxPKPLchFZu-00031-00006588-00006761 controversial as they conflicted with
DxPKPLchFZu-00032-00006762-00006977 the beliefs that species were unchanging
DxPKPLchFZu-00033-00006978-00007178 parts of a designed hierarchy and that
DxPKPLchFZu-00034-00007179-00007367 humans were unique unrelated to other
DxPKPLchFZu-00035-00007368-00007661 animals the political and theological
DxPKPLchFZu-00036-00007662-00007877 implications were intensely debated but
DxPKPLchFZu-00037-00007878-00008081 transmutation was not accepted by the
DxPKPLchFZu-00038-00008081-00008366 scientific mainstream the book was
DxPKPLchFZu-00039-00008367-00008552 written for non specialist readers and
DxPKPLchFZu-00040-00008553-00008753 attracted widespread interest upon its
DxPKPLchFZu-00041-00008754-00009008 publication as Darwin was an eminent
DxPKPLchFZu-00042-00009009-00009212 scientist his findings were taken
DxPKPLchFZu-00043-00009213-00009404 seriously and the evidence he presented
DxPKPLchFZu-00044-00009405-00009656 generated scientific philosophical and
DxPKPLchFZu-00045-00009657-00009920 religious discussion the debate over the
DxPKPLchFZu-00046-00009921-00010157 book contributed to the campaign by T H
DxPKPLchFZu-00047-00010158-00010358 Huxley and his fellow members of the X
DxPKPLchFZu-00048-00010359-00010580 Club to secularize science by promoting
DxPKPLchFZu-00049-00010581-00010886 scientific naturalism within two decades
DxPKPLchFZu-00050-00010887-00011069 there was widespread scientific
DxPKPLchFZu-00051-00011070-00011222 agreement that evolution with a
DxPKPLchFZu-00052-00011223-00011432 branching pattern of common descent had
DxPKPLchFZu-00053-00011433-00011603 occurred but scientists were slow to
DxPKPLchFZu-00054-00011604-00011807 give natural selection the significance
DxPKPLchFZu-00055-00011808-00012056 that Darwin thought appropriate during
DxPKPLchFZu-00056-00012057-00012356 the Eclipse of Darwinism from the 1880s
DxPKPLchFZu-00057-00012357-00012671 to the 1930s various other mechanisms of
DxPKPLchFZu-00058-00012672-00012916 evolution were given more credit with
DxPKPLchFZu-00059-00012917-00013036 the development of the modern
DxPKPLchFZu-00060-00013037-00013319 evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and
DxPKPLchFZu-00061-00013319-00013436 1940s
DxPKPLchFZu-00062-00013437-00013610 Darwin's concept of evolutionary
DxPKPLchFZu-00063-00013611-00013750 adaptation through natural selection
DxPKPLchFZu-00064-00013751-00013963 became central to modern evolutionary
DxPKPLchFZu-00065-00013965-00014168 theory and it has now become the
DxPKPLchFZu-00066-00014169-00014891 unifying concept of the life sciences
DxPKPLchFZu-00067-00014891-00015505 topic summary of Darwin's theory
DxPKPLchFZu-00068-00015506-00015769 Darwin's theory of evolution is based on
DxPKPLchFZu-00069-00015769-00015961 key facts and the inferences drawn from
DxPKPLchFZu-00070-00015962-00016147 them which biologist Ernst Meyers
DxPKPLchFZu-00071-00016147-00016311 summarized as follows
DxPKPLchFZu-00072-00016312-00016582 every species is fertile enough that if
DxPKPLchFZu-00073-00016583-00016789 all offspring survived to reproduce the
DxPKPLchFZu-00074-00016790-00017077 population would grow fact despite
DxPKPLchFZu-00075-00017078-00017332 periodic fluctuations populations remain
DxPKPLchFZu-00076-00017333-00017692 roughly the same size fact resources
DxPKPLchFZu-00077-00017693-00017854 such as food are limited and are
DxPKPLchFZu-00078-00017855-00018117 relatively stable over time fact a
DxPKPLchFZu-00079-00018118-00018477 struggle for survival ensues inference
DxPKPLchFZu-00080-00018478-00018709 individuals in a population vary
DxPKPLchFZu-00081-00018710-00019024 significantly from one another fact much
DxPKPLchFZu-00082-00019025-00019305 of this variation is heritable fact
DxPKPLchFZu-00083-00019306-00019507 individuals less suited to the
DxPKPLchFZu-00084-00019508-00019705 environment are less likely to survive
DxPKPLchFZu-00085-00019706-00019954 and less likely to reproduce individuals
DxPKPLchFZu-00086-00019955-00020134 more suited to the environment are more
DxPKPLchFZu-00087-00020135-00020353 likely to survive and more likely to
DxPKPLchFZu-00088-00020354-00020515 reproduce and leave their heritable
DxPKPLchFZu-00089-00020516-00020713 traits to future generations which
DxPKPLchFZu-00090-00020714-00020890 produces the process of natural
DxPKPLchFZu-00091-00020891-00021202 selection fact this slowly effected
DxPKPLchFZu-00092-00021203-00021447 process results in populations changing
DxPKPLchFZu-00093-00021448-00021607 to adapt to their environments and
DxPKPLchFZu-00094-00021608-00021825 ultimately these variations accumulate
DxPKPLchFZu-00095-00021826-00022555 over time to form new species inference
DxPKPLchFZu-00096-00022556-00023073 topic background
DxPKPLchFZu-00097-00023074-00023415 you
DxPKPLchFZu-00098-00023416-00023704 topic developments before Darwin's
DxPKPLchFZu-00099-00023705-00024060 theory
DxPKPLchFZu-00100-00024061-00024300 in later editions of the book Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00101-00024301-00024525 traced evolutionary ideas as far back as
DxPKPLchFZu-00102-00024526-00024768 Aristotle the text he cites as a summary
DxPKPLchFZu-00103-00024769-00024984 by Aristotle of the ideas of the earlier
DxPKPLchFZu-00104-00024985-00025266 Greek philosopher and pedak Li's early
DxPKPLchFZu-00105-00025267-00025443 Christian church fathers and medieval
DxPKPLchFZu-00106-00025444-00025641 European scholars interpreted the
DxPKPLchFZu-00107-00025642-00025872 Genesis creation narrative allegorically
DxPKPLchFZu-00108-00025873-00026045 rather than as a literal historical
DxPKPLchFZu-00109-00026047-00026235 account organisms were described by
DxPKPLchFZu-00110-00026236-00026397 their mythological and heraldic
DxPKPLchFZu-00111-00026398-00026550 significance as well as by their
DxPKPLchFZu-00112-00026551-00026838 physical form nature was widely believed
DxPKPLchFZu-00113-00026839-00027024 to be unstable and capricious with
DxPKPLchFZu-00114-00027025-00027183 monstrous births from union between
DxPKPLchFZu-00115-00027183-00027429 species and spontaneous generation of
DxPKPLchFZu-00116-00027430-00027758 life the Protestant Reformation inspired
DxPKPLchFZu-00117-00027760-00027960 a literal interpretation of the Bible
DxPKPLchFZu-00118-00027961-00028113 with concepts of creation that
DxPKPLchFZu-00119-00028114-00028277 conflicted with the findings of an
DxPKPLchFZu-00120-00028279-00028482 emerging science seeking explanations
DxPKPLchFZu-00121-00028483-00028652 congruent with the mechanical philosophy
DxPKPLchFZu-00122-00028654-00028893 of Rene Descartes and the empiricism of
DxPKPLchFZu-00123-00028894-00029169 the Baconian method after the turmoil of
DxPKPLchFZu-00124-00029170-00029352 the English Civil War the Royal Society
DxPKPLchFZu-00125-00029352-00029550 wanted to show that science did not
DxPKPLchFZu-00126-00029551-00029708 threaten religious and political
DxPKPLchFZu-00127-00029710-00029967 stability john ray developed an
DxPKPLchFZu-00128-00029968-00030207 influential natural theology of rational
DxPKPLchFZu-00129-00030208-00030435 order in his taxonomy species were
DxPKPLchFZu-00130-00030436-00030654 static and fixed their adaptation and
DxPKPLchFZu-00131-00030655-00030897 complexity designed by God and varieties
DxPKPLchFZu-00132-00030898-00031113 showed minor differences caused by local
DxPKPLchFZu-00133-00031114-00031383 conditions in God's benevolent design
DxPKPLchFZu-00134-00031383-00031617 carnivores caused mercifully swift death
DxPKPLchFZu-00135-00031618-00031842 but the suffering caused by parasite ISM
DxPKPLchFZu-00136-00031843-00032124 was a puzzling problem the biological
DxPKPLchFZu-00137-00032125-00032319 classification introduced by Carl
DxPKPLchFZu-00138-00032320-00032639 Linnaeus in 1735 also viewed species as
DxPKPLchFZu-00139-00032641-00032930 fixed according to the divine plan in
DxPKPLchFZu-00140-00032931-00033249 1766 George Buffon suggested that some
DxPKPLchFZu-00141-00033250-00033474 similar species such as horses and asses
DxPKPLchFZu-00142-00033475-00033738 or lions tigers and leopards might be
DxPKPLchFZu-00143-00033739-00033882 varieties descended from a common
DxPKPLchFZu-00144-00033883-00034188 ancestor the usher chronology of the
DxPKPLchFZu-00145-00034189-00034545 1650s had calculated creation at 4004 BC
DxPKPLchFZu-00146-00034546-00034875 but by the 1780s geologists assumed a
DxPKPLchFZu-00147-00034876-00035124 much older world were nyrians thought
DxPKPLchFZu-00148-00035125-00035301 straight aware deposits from shrinking
DxPKPLchFZu-00149-00035302-00035544 seas but James Hutton proposed a self
DxPKPLchFZu-00150-00035545-00035789 maintaining infinite cycle anticipating
DxPKPLchFZu-00151-00035790-00035996 uniformitarianism Charles Darwin's
DxPKPLchFZu-00152-00035997-00036215 grandfather Erasmus Darwin outlined a
DxPKPLchFZu-00153-00036216-00036432 hypothesis of transmutation of species
DxPKPLchFZu-00154-00036433-00036705 in the 1790s and Gen Baptist Lamarck
DxPKPLchFZu-00155-00036706-00036879 published a more developed theory in
DxPKPLchFZu-00156-00036880-00037218 1809 both envisage that spontaneous
DxPKPLchFZu-00157-00037219-00037439 generation produced simple forms of
DxPKPLchFZu-00158-00037440-00037592 life that progressively developed
DxPKPLchFZu-00159-00037593-00037784 greater complexity adapting to the
DxPKPLchFZu-00160-00037785-00037982 environment by inheriting changes in
DxPKPLchFZu-00161-00037983-00038267 adults caused by use or disuse this
DxPKPLchFZu-00162-00038268-00038456 process was later called Lamarckism
DxPKPLchFZu-00163-00038457-00038671 Lamarck thought there was an inherent
DxPKPLchFZu-00164-00038672-00038890 progressive tendency driving organisms
DxPKPLchFZu-00165-00038891-00039112 continuously towards greater complexity
DxPKPLchFZu-00166-00039113-00039332 in parallel but separate lineages with
DxPKPLchFZu-00167-00039333-00039602 no extinction gia Freud contended that
DxPKPLchFZu-00168-00039603-00039827 embryonic development recapitulated
DxPKPLchFZu-00169-00039828-00040040 transformations of organisms in past
DxPKPLchFZu-00170-00040041-00040220 eras when the environment acted on
DxPKPLchFZu-00171-00040221-00040421 embryos and that animal structures were
DxPKPLchFZu-00172-00040422-00040595 determined by a constant plan as
DxPKPLchFZu-00173-00040596-00040856 demonstrated by homology x' georges
DxPKPLchFZu-00174-00040857-00041105 cuvier strongly disputed such ideas
DxPKPLchFZu-00175-00041106-00041324 holding that unrelated fixed species
DxPKPLchFZu-00176-00041325-00041512 showed similarities that reflected a
DxPKPLchFZu-00177-00041513-00041746 design for functional needs his
DxPKPLchFZu-00178-00041747-00042026 paleontological work in the 1790s had
DxPKPLchFZu-00179-00042027-00042224 established the reality of extinction
DxPKPLchFZu-00180-00042225-00042443 which he explained by local catastrophes
DxPKPLchFZu-00181-00042444-00042677 followed by repopulation of the affected
DxPKPLchFZu-00182-00042678-00042868 areas by other species in Britain
DxPKPLchFZu-00183-00042869-00043087 William Paley's natural theology saw
DxPKPLchFZu-00184-00043088-00043289 adaptation as evidence of beneficial
DxPKPLchFZu-00185-00043290-00043562 design by the Creator acting through
DxPKPLchFZu-00186-00043563-00043826 natural laws all natural ists in the two
DxPKPLchFZu-00187-00043827-00044018 English universities Oxford and
DxPKPLchFZu-00188-00044019-00044168 Cambridge were Church of England
DxPKPLchFZu-00189-00044169-00044362 clergyman and science became a search
DxPKPLchFZu-00190-00044363-00044651 for these laws geologists adapted
DxPKPLchFZu-00191-00044652-00044876 catastrophism to show repeated worldwide
DxPKPLchFZu-00192-00044877-00045098 annihilation and creation of new fixed
DxPKPLchFZu-00193-00045099-00045326 species adapted to a changed environment
DxPKPLchFZu-00194-00045327-00045527 initially identifying the most recent
DxPKPLchFZu-00195-00045528-00045806 catastrophe as the Biblical Flood some
DxPKPLchFZu-00196-00045807-00046001 anatomist such as Robert grant were
DxPKPLchFZu-00197-00046002-00046220 influenced by Lamarck and gia Freud but
DxPKPLchFZu-00198-00046221-00046421 most natural ists regarded their ideas
DxPKPLchFZu-00199-00046422-00046639 of transmutation as a threat to divinely
DxPKPLchFZu-00200-00046640-00047243 appointed social order
DxPKPLchFZu-00201-00047244-00047848 Topic inception of Darwin's theory
DxPKPLchFZu-00202-00047849-00048096 Darwin went to Edinburgh University in
DxPKPLchFZu-00203-00048097-00048439 1825 to study medicine in his second
DxPKPLchFZu-00204-00048440-00048627 year he neglected his medical studies
DxPKPLchFZu-00205-00048628-00048811 for Natural History and spent four
DxPKPLchFZu-00206-00048812-00048996 months assisting Robert grants research
DxPKPLchFZu-00207-00048997-00049246 into marine invertebrates Grande
DxPKPLchFZu-00208-00049247-00049414 revealed his enthusiasm for the
DxPKPLchFZu-00209-00049415-00049618 transmutation of species but Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00210-00049619-00049965 rejected it starting in 1827 at
DxPKPLchFZu-00211-00049966-00050095 Cambridge University
DxPKPLchFZu-00212-00050096-00050274 Darwin learned science as natural
DxPKPLchFZu-00213-00050275-00050485 theology from botanist John Stevens
DxPKPLchFZu-00214-00050486-00050692 henslowe and read Paley John Herschel
DxPKPLchFZu-00215-00050693-00050983 and Alexander von Humboldt filled with
DxPKPLchFZu-00216-00050984-00051093 zeal for science
DxPKPLchFZu-00217-00051094-00051307 he studied catastrophist geology with
DxPKPLchFZu-00218-00051308-00051717 Adam Sedgwick in December 1831 he joined
DxPKPLchFZu-00219-00051719-00051901 the Beagle expedition as a gentleman
DxPKPLchFZu-00220-00051902-00052201 naturalist in geologist he read Charles
DxPKPLchFZu-00221-00052202-00052419 Lyell's principles of geology and from
DxPKPLchFZu-00222-00052420-00052663 the first stop ashore at st. Jago found
DxPKPLchFZu-00223-00052664-00052885 Lyle's uniformitarianism a key to the
DxPKPLchFZu-00224-00052886-00053197 geological history of landscapes Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00225-00053198-00053388 discovered fossils resembling huge
DxPKPLchFZu-00226-00053389-00053601 armadillos and noted the geographical
DxPKPLchFZu-00227-00053602-00053815 distribution of modern species in hope
DxPKPLchFZu-00228-00053816-00054129 of finding their center of creation the
DxPKPLchFZu-00229-00054130-00054366 three Fujian missionaries the expedition
DxPKPLchFZu-00230-00054367-00054553 returned to Tierra del Fuego were
DxPKPLchFZu-00231-00054554-00054763 friendly and civilized yet to Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00232-00054764-00054922 their relatives on the island seemed
DxPKPLchFZu-00233-00054923-00055249 miserable degraded savages and he no
DxPKPLchFZu-00234-00055250-00055426 longer saw an unbridgeable gap between
DxPKPLchFZu-00235-00055427-00055726 humans and animals as the Beagle neared
DxPKPLchFZu-00236-00055727-00056016 England in 1836 he noted that species
DxPKPLchFZu-00237-00056017-00056215 might not be fixed Richard Owen showed
DxPKPLchFZu-00238-00056216-00056440 that fossils of extinct species Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00239-00056441-00056641 found in South America were allied to
DxPKPLchFZu-00240-00056641-00056829 living species on the same continent in
DxPKPLchFZu-00241-00056830-00057199 March 1837 ornithologist John Gould
DxPKPLchFZu-00242-00057200-00057363 announced that Darwin's riah was a
DxPKPLchFZu-00243-00057364-00057565 separate species from the previously
DxPKPLchFZu-00244-00057566-00057748 described Rhea though their territories
DxPKPLchFZu-00245-00057749-00057951 overlapped that mockingbirds collected
DxPKPLchFZu-00246-00057952-00058150 on the Galapagos Islands represented
DxPKPLchFZu-00247-00058151-00058360 three separate species each unique to a
DxPKPLchFZu-00248-00058361-00058522 particular Island and that several
DxPKPLchFZu-00249-00058523-00058713 distinct birds from those islands were
DxPKPLchFZu-00250-00058714-00059007 all classified as finches Darwin began
DxPKPLchFZu-00251-00059008-00059238 speculating in a series of notebooks on
DxPKPLchFZu-00252-00059239-00059500 the possibility that one species does
DxPKPLchFZu-00253-00059501-00059757 change into another to explain these
DxPKPLchFZu-00254-00059758-00059967 findings and around July sketched a
DxPKPLchFZu-00255-00059969-00060156 genealogical branching of a single
DxPKPLchFZu-00256-00060157-00060363 evolutionary tree discarding Lamarck's
DxPKPLchFZu-00257-00060364-00060553 independent lineages progressing to
DxPKPLchFZu-00258-00060554-00060841 higher forms unconventionally Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00259-00060841-00061036 asked questions of fancy pigeon and
DxPKPLchFZu-00260-00061037-00061230 animal breeders as well as establish
DxPKPLchFZu-00261-00061232-00061516 scientists at the zoo he had his first
DxPKPLchFZu-00262-00061516-00061696 sight of an ape and was profoundly
DxPKPLchFZu-00263-00061697-00061888 impressed by how human the orangutan
DxPKPLchFZu-00264-00061889-00062188 seemed in late September 1838 he started
DxPKPLchFZu-00265-00062189-00062386 reading Thomas Malthus as an essay on
DxPKPLchFZu-00266-00062387-00062566 the principle of population with its
DxPKPLchFZu-00267-00062566-00062730 statistical argument that human
DxPKPLchFZu-00268-00062732-00062817 populations
DxPKPLchFZu-00269-00062819-00062998 if unrestrained breed beyond their means
DxPKPLchFZu-00270-00062999-00063163 and struggle to survive
DxPKPLchFZu-00271-00063164-00063409 Darwin related this to the struggle for
DxPKPLchFZu-00272-00063410-00063613 existence among wildlife and botanist
DxPKPLchFZu-00273-00063614-00063694 dick handles
DxPKPLchFZu-00274-00063695-00064003 waring of the species in plants he
DxPKPLchFZu-00275-00064004-00064213 immediately envisioned a force like a
DxPKPLchFZu-00276-00064214-00064471 hundred thousand wedges pushing
DxPKPLchFZu-00277-00064472-00064729 well-adapted variations into gaps in the
DxPKPLchFZu-00278-00064729-00065026 economy of nature so that the survivors
DxPKPLchFZu-00279-00065027-00065197 would pass on their form and abilities
DxPKPLchFZu-00280-00065198-00065398 and unfavorable variations would be
DxPKPLchFZu-00281-00065399-00065761 destroyed by December 1838 he had noted
DxPKPLchFZu-00282-00065762-00065959 a similarity between the act of breeders
DxPKPLchFZu-00283-00065960-00066169 selecting traits and a Malthusian nature
DxPKPLchFZu-00284-00066170-00066340 selecting among variants thrown up by
DxPKPLchFZu-00285-00066341-00066667 chance so that every part of
DxPKPLchFZu-00286-00066668-00066865 newly-acquired structure is fully
DxPKPLchFZu-00287-00066866-00067168 practical and perfected Darwin now had
DxPKPLchFZu-00288-00067169-00067342 the basic framework of his theory of
DxPKPLchFZu-00289-00067343-00067528 natural selection but he was fully
DxPKPLchFZu-00290-00067529-00067714 occupied with his career as a geologist
DxPKPLchFZu-00291-00067715-00067936 and held back from compiling it until
DxPKPLchFZu-00292-00067937-00068047 his book on the structure and
DxPKPLchFZu-00293-00068048-00068227 distribution of coral reefs was
DxPKPLchFZu-00294-00068228-00068433 completed as he recalled in his
DxPKPLchFZu-00295-00068434-00068701 autobiography he had at last got a
DxPKPLchFZu-00296-00068702-00068974 theory by which to work but it was only
DxPKPLchFZu-00297-00068975-00069301 in June 1842 that he allowed himself the
DxPKPLchFZu-00298-00069302-00069526 satisfaction of writing a very brief
DxPKPLchFZu-00299-00069527-00070287 abstract of my theory in pencil
DxPKPLchFZu-00300-00070288-00070814 topic further development
DxPKPLchFZu-00301-00070815-00071021 Darwyn continued to research and
DxPKPLchFZu-00302-00071022-00071204 extensively revised his theory while
DxPKPLchFZu-00303-00071205-00071399 focusing on his main work of publishing
DxPKPLchFZu-00304-00071400-00071585 the scientific results of the Beagle
DxPKPLchFZu-00305-00071586-00071873 voyage he tentatively wrote of his ideas
DxPKPLchFZu-00306-00071874-00072218 to Lyle in January 1842 then in June he
DxPKPLchFZu-00307-00072219-00072518 roughed out a 35-page pencil sketch of
DxPKPLchFZu-00308-00072519-00072818 his theory Darwin began correspondence
DxPKPLchFZu-00309-00072819-00072995 about his theorizing with the botanist
DxPKPLchFZu-00310-00072996-00073328 Joseph Dalton hooker in January 1844 and
DxPKPLchFZu-00311-00073329-00073661 by July had rounded out his sketch into
DxPKPLchFZu-00312-00073662-00074051 a 230 page essay to be expanded with his
DxPKPLchFZu-00313-00074052-00074231 research results and published if he
DxPKPLchFZu-00314-00074232-00074633 died prematurely in November 1844 the
DxPKPLchFZu-00315-00074634-00074852 anonymously published popular science
DxPKPLchFZu-00316-00074853-00075056 book vestiges of the natural history of
DxPKPLchFZu-00317-00075057-00075269 creation written by Scottish journalist
DxPKPLchFZu-00318-00075270-00075488 Robert Chambers widened public interest
DxPKPLchFZu-00319-00075489-00075677 in the concept of transmutation of
DxPKPLchFZu-00320-00075678-00075974 species vestiges used evidence from the
DxPKPLchFZu-00321-00075975-00076199 fossil record and embryology to support
DxPKPLchFZu-00322-00076200-00076334 the claim that living things had
DxPKPLchFZu-00323-00076335-00076490 progressed from the simple to the more
DxPKPLchFZu-00324-00076491-00076766 complex over time but it proposed a
DxPKPLchFZu-00325-00076767-00076925 linear progression rather than the
DxPKPLchFZu-00326-00076926-00077102 branching common descent theory behind
DxPKPLchFZu-00327-00077103-00077324 Darwin's work in progress and it ignored
DxPKPLchFZu-00328-00077325-00077582 adaptation Darwin read it soon after
DxPKPLchFZu-00329-00077583-00077783 publication and scorned it's amateurish
DxPKPLchFZu-00330-00077784-00078026 geology and zoology but he carefully
DxPKPLchFZu-00331-00078027-00078209 reviewed his own arguments after leading
DxPKPLchFZu-00332-00078210-00078398 scientists including Adam Sedgwick
DxPKPLchFZu-00333-00078399-00078626 attacked its morality and scientific
DxPKPLchFZu-00334-00078627-00078896 errors vestiges had significant
DxPKPLchFZu-00335-00078897-00079088 influence on public opinion and the
DxPKPLchFZu-00336-00079089-00079244 intense debate helped to pave the way
DxPKPLchFZu-00337-00079245-00079382 for the acceptance of the more
DxPKPLchFZu-00338-00079383-00079610 scientifically sophisticated origin by
DxPKPLchFZu-00339-00079611-00079817 moving evolutionary speculation into the
DxPKPLchFZu-00340-00079818-00079871 mainstream
DxPKPLchFZu-00341-00079872-00080111 while few natural ists were willing to
DxPKPLchFZu-00342-00080112-00080306 consider transmutation Herbert Spencer
DxPKPLchFZu-00343-00080307-00080555 became an active proponent of Lamarckism
DxPKPLchFZu-00344-00080556-00080816 and progressive development in the 1850s
DxPKPLchFZu-00345-00080817-00081023 hooker was persuaded to take away a copy
DxPKPLchFZu-00346-00081024-00081410 of the essay in January 1847 and
DxPKPLchFZu-00347-00081411-00081617 eventually sent a page of notes giving
DxPKPLchFZu-00348-00081618-00081905 Darwin much needed feedback reminded of
DxPKPLchFZu-00349-00081906-00082160 his lack of expertise in taxonomy Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00350-00082161-00082355 began an eight-year study of barnacles
DxPKPLchFZu-00351-00082356-00082526 becoming the leading expert on their
DxPKPLchFZu-00352-00082527-00082808 classification using his theory he
DxPKPLchFZu-00353-00082809-00082982 discovered homology showing that
DxPKPLchFZu-00354-00082983-00083174 slightly changed body parts served
DxPKPLchFZu-00355-00083175-00083318 different functions to meet new
DxPKPLchFZu-00356-00083319-00083510 conditions and he found an intermediate
DxPKPLchFZu-00357-00083511-00083732 stage in the evolution of distinct sexes
DxPKPLchFZu-00358-00083733-00083945 Darwin's barnacle studies convinced him
DxPKPLchFZu-00359-00083946-00084140 that variation arose constantly and not
DxPKPLchFZu-00360-00084141-00084187 just
DxPKPLchFZu-00361-00084188-00084492 in response to changed circumstances in
DxPKPLchFZu-00362-00084493-00084763 1854 he completed the last part of his
DxPKPLchFZu-00363-00084764-00084967 beagle related writing and began working
DxPKPLchFZu-00364-00084968-00085241 full-time on evolution he now realized
DxPKPLchFZu-00365-00085242-00085381 that the branching pattern of
DxPKPLchFZu-00366-00085382-00085600 evolutionary divergence was explained by
DxPKPLchFZu-00367-00085601-00085816 natural selection working constantly to
DxPKPLchFZu-00368-00085817-00086096 improve adaptation his thinking changed
DxPKPLchFZu-00369-00086097-00086272 from the view that species formed in
DxPKPLchFZu-00370-00086273-00086534 isolated populations only as on islands
DxPKPLchFZu-00371-00086535-00086731 to an emphasis on speciation without
DxPKPLchFZu-00372-00086732-00086941 isolation that is he saw increasing
DxPKPLchFZu-00373-00086942-00087122 specialization within large stable
DxPKPLchFZu-00374-00087123-00087353 populations as continuously exploiting
DxPKPLchFZu-00375-00087354-00087625 new ecological niches he conducted
DxPKPLchFZu-00376-00087626-00087799 empirical research focusing on
DxPKPLchFZu-00377-00087800-00088034 difficulties with his theory he studied
DxPKPLchFZu-00378-00088035-00088225 the developmental and anatomical
DxPKPLchFZu-00379-00088226-00088415 differences between different breeds of
DxPKPLchFZu-00380-00088416-00088640 many domestic animals became actively
DxPKPLchFZu-00381-00088641-00088843 involved in fancy pigeon breeding and
DxPKPLchFZu-00382-00088844-00089009 experimented with the help of his son
DxPKPLchFZu-00383-00089010-00089236 Francis on ways that plant seeds and
DxPKPLchFZu-00384-00089237-00089434 animals might disperse across oceans to
DxPKPLchFZu-00385-00089435-00089815 colonize distant islands by 1856 his
DxPKPLchFZu-00386-00089816-00090022 theory was much more sophisticated with
DxPKPLchFZu-00387-00090023-00090675 a massive supporting evidence
DxPKPLchFZu-00388-00090676-00091192 topic publication
DxPKPLchFZu-00389-00091193-00091535 you
DxPKPLchFZu-00390-00091536-00092103 topic time taken to publish
DxPKPLchFZu-00391-00092104-00092382 in his autobiography Darwin said he had
DxPKPLchFZu-00392-00092383-00092622 gained much by my delay in publishing
DxPKPLchFZu-00393-00092623-00092922 from about 1839 when the theory was
DxPKPLchFZu-00394-00092923-00093234 clearly conceived - 1859 and I lost
DxPKPLchFZu-00395-00093235-00093426 nothing by it
DxPKPLchFZu-00396-00093427-00093732 on the first page of his 1859 book he
DxPKPLchFZu-00397-00093733-00093894 noted that having begun work on the
DxPKPLchFZu-00398-00093895-00094242 topic in 1837 he had drawn up some short
DxPKPLchFZu-00399-00094243-00094512 notes after five years had enlarged
DxPKPLchFZu-00400-00094513-00094821 these into a sketch in 1844 and from
DxPKPLchFZu-00401-00094822-00095022 that period to the present day I have
DxPKPLchFZu-00402-00095023-00095379 steadily pursued the same object various
DxPKPLchFZu-00403-00095380-00095580 biographers have proposed that Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00404-00095581-00095769 avoided or delayed making his ideas
DxPKPLchFZu-00405-00095770-00096042 public for personal reasons reasons
DxPKPLchFZu-00406-00096043-00096216 suggested have included fear of
DxPKPLchFZu-00407-00096217-00096435 religious persecution or social disgrace
DxPKPLchFZu-00408-00096436-00096654 if his views were revealed and concern
DxPKPLchFZu-00409-00096655-00096864 about upsetting his clergymen naturalist
DxPKPLchFZu-00410-00096865-00097149 friends or his pious wife Emma Charles
DxPKPLchFZu-00411-00097150-00097338 Darwin's illness caused repeated delays
DxPKPLchFZu-00412-00097339-00097596 his paper on Glenroy had proved
DxPKPLchFZu-00413-00097597-00097773 embarrassingly wrong and he may have
DxPKPLchFZu-00414-00097774-00098016 wanted to be sure he was correct David
DxPKPLchFZu-00415-00098017-00098262 Kwan has suggested all these factors may
DxPKPLchFZu-00416-00098263-00098439 have contributed and notes Darwin's
DxPKPLchFZu-00417-00098440-00098664 large output of books and busy family
DxPKPLchFZu-00418-00098665-00098826 life during that time a more recent
DxPKPLchFZu-00419-00098827-00099150 study by science historian John van wyh
DxPKPLchFZu-00420-00099151-00099348 II has determined that the idea that
DxPKPLchFZu-00421-00099349-00099549 Darwin delayed publication only dates
DxPKPLchFZu-00422-00099550-00099759 back to the 1940s and Darwin's
DxPKPLchFZu-00423-00099760-00099939 contemporaries thought the time he took
DxPKPLchFZu-00424-00099940-00100029 was reasonable
DxPKPLchFZu-00425-00100030-00100281 Darwin always finished one book before
DxPKPLchFZu-00426-00100282-00100464 starting another while he was
DxPKPLchFZu-00427-00100465-00100665 researching he told many people about
DxPKPLchFZu-00428-00100666-00100860 his interest in transmutation without
DxPKPLchFZu-00429-00100861-00101142 causing outrage he firmly intended to
DxPKPLchFZu-00430-00101143-00101342 publish but it was not until September
DxPKPLchFZu-00431-00101343-00101613 1854 that he could work on it full-time
DxPKPLchFZu-00432-00101614-00101985 his 1846 estimate that writing his big
DxPKPLchFZu-00433-00101986-00102216 book would take five years proved
DxPKPLchFZu-00434-00102217-00102742 optimistic
DxPKPLchFZu-00435-00102743-00103099 topic events leading to publication big
DxPKPLchFZu-00436-00103100-00103590 book manuscript
DxPKPLchFZu-00437-00103591-00103998 in 1855 paper on the introduction of
DxPKPLchFZu-00438-00103999-00104202 species written by Alfred Russel Wallace
DxPKPLchFZu-00439-00104203-00104370 claimed that patterns in the
DxPKPLchFZu-00440-00104371-00104583 geographical distribution of living and
DxPKPLchFZu-00441-00104583-00104778 fossil species could be explained if
DxPKPLchFZu-00442-00104779-00104958 every new species always came into
DxPKPLchFZu-00443-00104958-00105120 existence near an already existing
DxPKPLchFZu-00444-00105121-00105471 closely related species Charles Lyell
DxPKPLchFZu-00445-00105472-00105690 recognized the implications of Wallace's
DxPKPLchFZu-00446-00105691-00105870 paper and its possible connection to
DxPKPLchFZu-00447-00105871-00106065 Darwin's work although Darwin did not
DxPKPLchFZu-00448-00106066-00106274 and in a letter written on 1 to 2 May
DxPKPLchFZu-00449-00106275-00106422 1856 Lyell
DxPKPLchFZu-00450-00106423-00106605 urged Darwin to publish his theory to
DxPKPLchFZu-00451-00106606-00106748 establish priority
DxPKPLchFZu-00452-00106749-00107001 Darwin was torn between the desire to
DxPKPLchFZu-00453-00107002-00107183 set out a full and convincing account
DxPKPLchFZu-00454-00107184-00107358 and the pressure to quickly produce a
DxPKPLchFZu-00455-00107358-00107619 short paper he met Lyell and in
DxPKPLchFZu-00456-00107620-00107814 correspondence with Joseph Dalton hooker
DxPKPLchFZu-00457-00107815-00108011 affirmed that he did not want to expose
DxPKPLchFZu-00458-00108013-00108207 his ideas to review by an editor as
DxPKPLchFZu-00459-00108208-00108363 would have been required to publish in
DxPKPLchFZu-00460-00108364-00108685 an academic journal he began a sketch
DxPKPLchFZu-00461-00108686-00109065 account on the 14th of May 1856 and by
DxPKPLchFZu-00462-00109066-00109257 July had decided to produce a full
DxPKPLchFZu-00463-00109258-00109515 technical treatise on species as his big
DxPKPLchFZu-00464-00109516-00109815 book on natural selection his theory
DxPKPLchFZu-00465-00109816-00110001 including the principle of divergence
DxPKPLchFZu-00466-00110002-00110181 was complete by the 5th of September
DxPKPLchFZu-00467-00110182-00110483 1857 when he sent a cigar a brief but
DxPKPLchFZu-00468-00110484-00111158 detailed abstract of his ideas
DxPKPLchFZu-00469-00111159-00111483 topic joint publication of papers by
DxPKPLchFZu-00470-00111483-00111914 Wallace and Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00471-00111915-00112100 Darwin was hard at work on the
DxPKPLchFZu-00472-00112101-00112418 manuscript for his big book on natural
DxPKPLchFZu-00473-00112419-00112700 selection when on the 18th of June 1858
DxPKPLchFZu-00474-00112701-00112919 he received a parcel from Wallace who
DxPKPLchFZu-00475-00112920-00113120 stayed on the Maluku islands ternate and
DxPKPLchFZu-00476-00113121-00113381 Gil allow it enclosed 20 pages
DxPKPLchFZu-00477-00113382-00113615 describing an evolutionary mechanism a
DxPKPLchFZu-00478-00113616-00113765 response to Darwin's recent
DxPKPLchFZu-00479-00113766-00113945 encouragement with a request to send it
DxPKPLchFZu-00480-00113946-00114101 on de lisle if Darwin thought it
DxPKPLchFZu-00481-00114102-00114383 worthwhile the mechanism was similar to
DxPKPLchFZu-00482-00114383-00114604 Darwin's own theory Darwin wrote to
DxPKPLchFZu-00483-00114605-00114797 Lyell that your words have come true
DxPKPLchFZu-00484-00114798-00115261 with a vengeance for stalled and he
DxPKPLchFZu-00485-00115263-00115496 would of course at once write and
DxPKPLchFZu-00486-00115497-00115796 offered to send it to any journal that
DxPKPLchFZu-00487-00115797-00116015 Wallace chose adding that all my
DxPKPLchFZu-00488-00116016-00116236 originality whatever it may amount to
DxPKPLchFZu-00489-00116238-00116633 will be smashed Lyell and hooker agreed
DxPKPLchFZu-00490-00116633-00116801 that a joint publication putting
DxPKPLchFZu-00491-00116802-00117004 together Wallace's pages with extracts
DxPKPLchFZu-00492-00117005-00117385 from Darwin's 1844 essay and his 1857
DxPKPLchFZu-00493-00117386-00117572 letter to grey should be presented at
DxPKPLchFZu-00494-00117573-00117773 the Linnean Society and on the 1st of
DxPKPLchFZu-00495-00117774-00118058 July 1858 the papers entitled on the
DxPKPLchFZu-00496-00118058-00118274 tendency of species to form varieties
DxPKPLchFZu-00497-00118275-00118504 and on the perpetuation of varieties and
DxPKPLchFZu-00498-00118505-00118741 species by natural means of selection by
DxPKPLchFZu-00499-00118742-00118925 Wallace and Darwin respectively were
DxPKPLchFZu-00500-00118926-00119179 read out but drew little reaction while
DxPKPLchFZu-00501-00119180-00119399 Darwin considered Wallace's idea to be
DxPKPLchFZu-00502-00119400-00119606 identical to his concept of natural
DxPKPLchFZu-00503-00119607-00119801 selection historians have pointed out
DxPKPLchFZu-00504-00119802-00120095 differences Darwin described natural
DxPKPLchFZu-00505-00120096-00120272 selection as being analogous to the
DxPKPLchFZu-00506-00120273-00120491 artificial selection practiced by animal
DxPKPLchFZu-00507-00120492-00120689 breeders and emphasized competition
DxPKPLchFZu-00508-00120690-00120808 between individuals
DxPKPLchFZu-00509-00120809-00121031 Wallace drew no comparison to selective
DxPKPLchFZu-00510-00121032-00121178 breeding and focused on ecological
DxPKPLchFZu-00511-00121179-00121406 pressures that kept different varieties
DxPKPLchFZu-00512-00121407-00121666 adapted to local conditions some
DxPKPLchFZu-00513-00121667-00121879 historians have suggested that Wallace
DxPKPLchFZu-00514-00121880-00122072 was actually discussing group selection
DxPKPLchFZu-00515-00122073-00122236 rather than selection acting on
DxPKPLchFZu-00516-00122238-00122844 individual variation
DxPKPLchFZu-00517-00122845-00123503 topic abstract of species book soon
DxPKPLchFZu-00518-00123504-00123693 after the meeting darwin decided to
DxPKPLchFZu-00519-00123694-00123941 write an abstract of my whole work in
DxPKPLchFZu-00520-00123942-00124187 the form of one or more papers to be
DxPKPLchFZu-00521-00124188-00124412 published by the Linnean society but was
DxPKPLchFZu-00522-00124413-00124598 concerned about how it can be made
DxPKPLchFZu-00523-00124599-00124835 scientific for a journal without giving
DxPKPLchFZu-00524-00124836-00125186 facts which would be impossible he asked
DxPKPLchFZu-00525-00125187-00125363 hooker how many pages would be available
DxPKPLchFZu-00526-00125364-00125636 but if the referees were to reject it as
DxPKPLchFZu-00527-00125637-00125864 not strictly scientific I would perhaps
DxPKPLchFZu-00528-00125865-00126044 publish it as Pam fat
DxPKPLchFZu-00529-00126045-00126437 he began his abstract of species book on
DxPKPLchFZu-00530-00126438-00126771 the 20th of July 1858 while on holiday
DxPKPLchFZu-00531-00126772-00126983 at Sandown and wrote parts of it from
DxPKPLchFZu-00532-00126984-00127172 memory while sending the manuscripts to
DxPKPLchFZu-00533-00127173-00127344 his friends for checking by early
DxPKPLchFZu-00534-00127345-00127656 October he began to expect my abstract
DxPKPLchFZu-00535-00127657-00127886 will run into a small volume which will
DxPKPLchFZu-00536-00127887-00128198 have to be published separately over the
DxPKPLchFZu-00537-00128199-00128273 same period
DxPKPLchFZu-00538-00128274-00128469 he continued to collect information and
DxPKPLchFZu-00539-00128470-00128675 write large fully detailed sections of
DxPKPLchFZu-00540-00128676-00128914 the manuscript for his big book on
DxPKPLchFZu-00541-00128915-00129386 species natural selection topic Maria's
DxPKPLchFZu-00542-00129387-00129616 publisher choice of title by mid-march
DxPKPLchFZu-00543-00129617-00129894 1859 Darwin's abstract had reached the
DxPKPLchFZu-00544-00129895-00130056 stage where he was thinking of early
DxPKPLchFZu-00545-00130057-00130253 publication Lyell suggested the
DxPKPLchFZu-00546-00130254-00130448 publisher John Murray and met with him
DxPKPLchFZu-00547-00130449-00130581 to find if he would be willing to
DxPKPLchFZu-00548-00130582-00130893 publish on the 28th of March Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00549-00130894-00131118 wrote to Lyell asking about progress and
DxPKPLchFZu-00550-00131119-00131297 offering to give Marie assurances that
DxPKPLchFZu-00551-00131298-00131534 my book is not more unorthodox than the
DxPKPLchFZu-00552-00131535-00131738 subject makes inevitable he enclosed a
DxPKPLchFZu-00553-00131739-00131960 draft title sheet proposing an abstract
DxPKPLchFZu-00554-00131961-00132183 of an essay on the origin of species and
DxPKPLchFZu-00555-00132184-00132386 varieties through natural selection with
DxPKPLchFZu-00556-00132387-00132674 the year shown as 1859 Marie's response
DxPKPLchFZu-00557-00132675-00132897 was favorable and a very pleased Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00558-00132898-00133131 told Lyle on the 30th of March that he
DxPKPLchFZu-00559-00133132-00133344 would send shortly a large bundle of MS
DxPKPLchFZu-00560-00133345-00133581 but unfortunately I cannot for a week as
DxPKPLchFZu-00561-00133582-00133763 the three first chapters are in three
DxPKPLchFZu-00562-00133764-00134022 copyists hands he bowed to Marie's
DxPKPLchFZu-00563-00134023-00134228 objection to abstract in the title
DxPKPLchFZu-00564-00134229-00134387 though he felt it excused the lack of
DxPKPLchFZu-00565-00134388-00134603 references but wanted to keep natural
DxPKPLchFZu-00566-00134604-00134813 selection which was constantly used in
DxPKPLchFZu-00567-00134814-00134975 all works on breeding and hoped to
DxPKPLchFZu-00568-00134976-00135173 retain it with explanation somewhat is
DxPKPLchFZu-00569-00135174-00135353 thus through natural selection or the
DxPKPLchFZu-00570-00135354-00135589 preservation of favoured races on the
DxPKPLchFZu-00571-00135590-00135866 31st of March Darwin wrote to Murray in
DxPKPLchFZu-00572-00135867-00136061 confirmation and listed headings of the
DxPKPLchFZu-00573-00136062-00136210 twelve chapters in Prague
DxPKPLchFZu-00574-00136211-00136458 he had drafted all except 12
DxPKPLchFZu-00575-00136459-00136696 recapitulation in conclusion Murray
DxPKPLchFZu-00576-00136697-00136885 responded immediately with an agreement
DxPKPLchFZu-00577-00136886-00137091 to publish the book on the same terms as
DxPKPLchFZu-00578-00137092-00137278 he published layout without even seeing
DxPKPLchFZu-00579-00137279-00137452 the manuscript he offered Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00580-00137453-00137598 two-thirds of the profits
DxPKPLchFZu-00581-00137599-00137847 Darwin promptly accepted with pleasure
DxPKPLchFZu-00582-00137848-00138054 insisting that Murray would be free to
DxPKPLchFZu-00583-00138055-00138241 withdraw the offer if having read the
DxPKPLchFZu-00584-00138242-00138429 chapter manuscripts he felt the book
DxPKPLchFZu-00585-00138430-00138538 would not sell well
DxPKPLchFZu-00586-00138539-00138804 eventually Murray paid 180 pounds to
DxPKPLchFZu-00587-00138805-00138982 Darwin for the first edition and by
DxPKPLchFZu-00588-00138983-00139240 Darwin's death in 1882 the book was in
DxPKPLchFZu-00589-00139241-00139447 its sixth edition earning Darwin nearly
DxPKPLchFZu-00590-00139448-00139629 three thousand pounds on the 5th of
DxPKPLchFZu-00591-00139630-00139849 April Darwin sent Murray the first three
DxPKPLchFZu-00592-00139850-00140038 chapters and a proposal for the book's
DxPKPLchFZu-00593-00140039-00140356 title an early draft title page suggests
DxPKPLchFZu-00594-00140357-00140578 on the mutability of species Murray
DxPKPLchFZu-00595-00140579-00140785 cautiously asked Whitwell Elwin to
DxPKPLchFZu-00596-00140786-00141049 review the chapters at Lisle suggestion
DxPKPLchFZu-00597-00141050-00141250 Elwin recommended that rather than put
DxPKPLchFZu-00598-00141251-00141409 forth the theory without the evidence
DxPKPLchFZu-00599-00141410-00141607 the book should focus on observations
DxPKPLchFZu-00600-00141608-00141814 upon pigeons briefly stating how these
DxPKPLchFZu-00601-00141815-00142033 Illustrated Darwin's general principles
DxPKPLchFZu-00602-00142034-00142203 and preparing the way for the larger
DxPKPLchFZu-00603-00142204-00142420 work expected shortly everybody is
DxPKPLchFZu-00604-00142421-00142648 interested in pigeons Darwin responded
DxPKPLchFZu-00605-00142649-00142810 that this was impractical he had only
DxPKPLchFZu-00606-00142811-00143047 the last chapter still to write in
DxPKPLchFZu-00607-00143048-00143287 September the main title still included
DxPKPLchFZu-00608-00143288-00143490 an essay on the origin of species and
DxPKPLchFZu-00609-00143491-00143679 varieties but Darwin now proposed
DxPKPLchFZu-00610-00143680-00143853 dropping varieties with Murray's
DxPKPLchFZu-00611-00143854-00144052 persuasion the title was eventually
DxPKPLchFZu-00612-00144053-00144253 agreed as on the Origin of Species with
DxPKPLchFZu-00613-00144254-00144421 the title page adding by means of
DxPKPLchFZu-00614-00144422-00144634 natural selection or the preservation of
DxPKPLchFZu-00615-00144635-00144816 favoured races in the struggle for life
DxPKPLchFZu-00616-00144817-00145104 in this extended title and elsewhere in
DxPKPLchFZu-00617-00145105-00145318 the book Darwin used the biological term
DxPKPLchFZu-00618-00145319-00145540 races interchangeably with varieties
DxPKPLchFZu-00619-00145541-00145840 meaning varieties within a species he
DxPKPLchFZu-00620-00145841-00146032 used the term broadly and as well as
DxPKPLchFZu-00621-00146033-00146233 discussions of the several races for
DxPKPLchFZu-00622-00146234-00146391 instance of the cabbage and the
DxPKPLchFZu-00623-00146392-00146611 hereditary varieties or races of our
DxPKPLchFZu-00624-00146612-00146803 domestic animals and plants there are
DxPKPLchFZu-00625-00146804-00146983 three instances in the book where the
DxPKPLchFZu-00626-00146984-00147253 phrase races of man is used referring to
DxPKPLchFZu-00627-00147254-00147829 races of humans
DxPKPLchFZu-00628-00147830-00148114 topic publication and subsequent
DxPKPLchFZu-00629-00148115-00148474 editions
DxPKPLchFZu-00630-00148475-00148705 On the Origin of Species was first
DxPKPLchFZu-00631-00148706-00148912 published on Thursday the 24th of
DxPKPLchFZu-00632-00148913-00149203 November 1859 priced at 15 shillings
DxPKPLchFZu-00633-00149204-00149449 with the first printing of 1250 copies
DxPKPLchFZu-00634-00149450-00149707 the book had been offered to booksellers
DxPKPLchFZu-00635-00149708-00149908 at Marie's autumn sale on Tuesday the
DxPKPLchFZu-00636-00149909-00150115 22nd of November and all available
DxPKPLchFZu-00637-00150116-00150403 copies had been taken up immediately in
DxPKPLchFZu-00638-00150404-00150760 total 1,250 copies were printed but
DxPKPLchFZu-00639-00150761-00150967 after deducting presentation and review
DxPKPLchFZu-00640-00150968-00151228 copies and 5'4 stationers haul copyright
DxPKPLchFZu-00641-00151229-00151567 around 1170 copies were available for
DxPKPLchFZu-00642-00151568-00151894 sale significantly 500 were taken by
DxPKPLchFZu-00643-00151895-00152095 muddies library ensuring that the book
DxPKPLchFZu-00644-00152096-00152257 promptly reached a large number of
DxPKPLchFZu-00645-00152258-00152542 subscribers to the library the second
DxPKPLchFZu-00646-00152543-00152758 addition of 3,000 copies was quickly
DxPKPLchFZu-00647-00152759-00153034 brought out on the 7th of January 1860
DxPKPLchFZu-00648-00153035-00153253 and incorporated numerous Corrections as
DxPKPLchFZu-00649-00153254-00153421 well as a response to religious
DxPKPLchFZu-00650-00153422-00153577 objections by the addition of a new
DxPKPLchFZu-00651-00153578-00153817 epigraph on page II a quotation from
DxPKPLchFZu-00652-00153818-00154045 Charles Kingsley and the phrase by the
DxPKPLchFZu-00653-00154046-00154312 Creator added to the closing sentence
DxPKPLchFZu-00654-00154313-00154555 during Darwin's lifetime the book went
DxPKPLchFZu-00655-00154556-00154711 through six editions with cumulative
DxPKPLchFZu-00656-00154712-00154903 changes and revisions to deal with
DxPKPLchFZu-00657-00154904-00155146 counter arguments raised the third
DxPKPLchFZu-00658-00155147-00155431 edition came out in 1861 with a number
DxPKPLchFZu-00659-00155432-00155638 of sentences rewritten or added and an
DxPKPLchFZu-00660-00155639-00155848 introductory appendix and historical
DxPKPLchFZu-00661-00155849-00156055 sketch of the recent progress of opinion
DxPKPLchFZu-00662-00156056-00156226 on the Origin of Species while the
DxPKPLchFZu-00663-00156227-00156484 fourth and 1866 had further revisions
DxPKPLchFZu-00664-00156485-00156751 the fifth edition published on the 10th
DxPKPLchFZu-00665-00156752-00157048 of February 1869 incorporated more
DxPKPLchFZu-00666-00157049-00157258 changes and for the first time included
DxPKPLchFZu-00667-00157259-00157492 the phrase survival of the fittest
DxPKPLchFZu-00668-00157493-00157714 which had been coined by the philosopher
DxPKPLchFZu-00669-00157715-00157918 Herbert Spencer in his principles of
DxPKPLchFZu-00670-00157919-00158344 biology 1864 in January 1871 George
DxPKPLchFZu-00671-00158345-00158569 Jackson mitts on the genesis of species
DxPKPLchFZu-00672-00158570-00158755 listed detailed arguments against
DxPKPLchFZu-00673-00158756-00158914 natural selection and claimed it
DxPKPLchFZu-00674-00158915-00159205 included false metaphysics Darwin made
DxPKPLchFZu-00675-00159206-00159397 extensive revisions to the sixth edition
DxPKPLchFZu-00676-00159398-00159625 of the origin this was the first edition
DxPKPLchFZu-00677-00159626-00159807 in which he used the word evolution
DxPKPLchFZu-00678-00159808-00160072 which had commonly been associated with
DxPKPLchFZu-00679-00160073-00160264 embryo logical development though all
DxPKPLchFZu-00680-00160265-00160522 editions concluded with the word evolved
DxPKPLchFZu-00681-00160523-00160810 and added a new chapter 7 miscellaneous
DxPKPLchFZu-00682-00160811-00161035 objections to address merits arguments
DxPKPLchFZu-00683-00161036-00161209 the sixth edition was published by
DxPKPLchFZu-00684-00161210-00161527 Murray on the 19th of February 1872 as
DxPKPLchFZu-00685-00161528-00161815 the Origin of Species with on
DxPKPLchFZu-00686-00161816-00162034 opt from the title Darwin had told Marie
DxPKPLchFZu-00687-00162035-00162232 of working men in Lancashire clubbing
DxPKPLchFZu-00688-00162233-00162394 together to buy the fifth edition at
DxPKPLchFZu-00689-00162395-00162574 fifteen shillings and wanted it made
DxPKPLchFZu-00690-00162575-00162766 more widely available the price was
DxPKPLchFZu-00691-00162767-00163003 halved to 7 6d by printing in a smaller
DxPKPLchFZu-00692-00163004-00163306 font it includes a glossary compiled by
DxPKPLchFZu-00693-00163307-00163681 LWS Dallas book sales increased from 60
DxPKPLchFZu-00694-00163682-00164287 to 250 per month
DxPKPLchFZu-00695-00164288-00164915 topic publication outside Great Britain
DxPKPLchFZu-00696-00164916-00165179 in the United States botanist ASA gray
DxPKPLchFZu-00697-00165180-00165349 an American colleague of Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00698-00165350-00165590 negotiated with a Boston publisher for
DxPKPLchFZu-00699-00165591-00165788 publication of an authorized American
DxPKPLchFZu-00700-00165789-00165962 version but learned that to New York
DxPKPLchFZu-00701-00165963-00166127 publishing firms were already planning
DxPKPLchFZu-00702-00166128-00166337 to exploit the absence of international
DxPKPLchFZu-00703-00166338-00166604 copyright to print origin Darwin was
DxPKPLchFZu-00704-00166605-00166781 delighted by the popularity of the book
DxPKPLchFZu-00705-00166782-00167096 and asked gray to keep any profits gray
DxPKPLchFZu-00706-00167097-00167369 managed to negotiate a 5% royalty with
DxPKPLchFZu-00707-00167370-00167543 Appleton's of New York who got their
DxPKPLchFZu-00708-00167544-00167816 Edition out in mid-january 1860 and the
DxPKPLchFZu-00709-00167817-00168068 other two withdrew in a May letter
DxPKPLchFZu-00710-00168069-00168359 Darwin mentioned a print run of 2,500
DxPKPLchFZu-00711-00168360-00168536 copies but it is not clear if this
DxPKPLchFZu-00712-00168537-00168719 referred to the first printing only as
DxPKPLchFZu-00713-00168720-00168884 there were four that year the book was
DxPKPLchFZu-00714-00168885-00169103 widely translated in Darwin's lifetime
DxPKPLchFZu-00715-00169104-00169301 but problems arose with translating
DxPKPLchFZu-00716-00169302-00169502 concepts and metaphors and some
DxPKPLchFZu-00717-00169503-00169655 translations were biased by the
DxPKPLchFZu-00718-00169656-00169819 translators own agenda
DxPKPLchFZu-00719-00169820-00170114 Darwin distributed presentation copies
DxPKPLchFZu-00720-00170115-00170297 in France and Germany hoping that
DxPKPLchFZu-00721-00170298-00170468 suitable applicants would come forward
DxPKPLchFZu-00722-00170469-00170672 as translators were expected to make
DxPKPLchFZu-00723-00170673-00170825 their own arrangements with a local
DxPKPLchFZu-00724-00170826-00171077 publisher he welcomed the distinguished
DxPKPLchFZu-00725-00171078-00171275 elderly naturalist and geologist
DxPKPLchFZu-00726-00171276-00171476 Heinrich Georg Braun but the German
DxPKPLchFZu-00727-00171477-00171746 translation published in 1860 imposed
DxPKPLchFZu-00728-00171747-00171959 Braun's own ideas adding controversial
DxPKPLchFZu-00729-00171960-00172136 themes that Darwin had deliberately
DxPKPLchFZu-00730-00172137-00172427 omitted Braun translated favoured races
DxPKPLchFZu-00731-00172428-00172895 as perfected races and added essays on
DxPKPLchFZu-00732-00172896-00173096 issues including the origin of life as
DxPKPLchFZu-00733-00173097-00173294 well as a final chapter on religious
DxPKPLchFZu-00734-00173295-00173519 implications partly inspired by Braun's
DxPKPLchFZu-00735-00173520-00173873 adherence to nature philosophy in 1862
DxPKPLchFZu-00736-00173874-00174122 Braun produced a second edition based on
DxPKPLchFZu-00737-00174123-00174299 the third English edition in Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00738-00174300-00174500 suggested editions but then died of a
DxPKPLchFZu-00739-00174501-00174583 heart attack
DxPKPLchFZu-00740-00174584-00174881 Darwin correspondent closely with Julius
DxPKPLchFZu-00741-00174882-00175082 Victor Karras who published an improved
DxPKPLchFZu-00742-00175083-00175466 translation in 1867 Darwin's attempts to
DxPKPLchFZu-00743-00175467-00175682 find a translator in France fell through
DxPKPLchFZu-00744-00175683-00175880 and the translation by Clemens Royer
DxPKPLchFZu-00745-00175881-00176195 published in 1862 added an introduction
DxPKPLchFZu-00746-00176196-00176360 praising Darwin's ideas as an
DxPKPLchFZu-00747-00176361-00176567 alternative to religious revelation and
DxPKPLchFZu-00748-00176568-00176789 promoting ideas anticipating social
DxPKPLchFZu-00749-00176790-00176978 Darwinism and eugenics as well as
DxPKPLchFZu-00750-00176979-00177182 numerous explanatory notes giving her
DxPKPLchFZu-00751-00177183-00177344 own answers to doubts that Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-00752-00177345-00177611 expressed Darwin correspondent with
DxPKPLchFZu-00753-00177612-00177812 Royer about a second edition published
DxPKPLchFZu-00754-00177813-00178166 in 1866 and a third in 1870 but he had
DxPKPLchFZu-00755-00178167-00178279 difficulty getting hurt
DxPKPLchFZu-00756-00178280-00178445 remove her notes and was troubled by
DxPKPLchFZu-00757-00178446-00178685 these additions he remained unsatisfied
DxPKPLchFZu-00758-00178686-00178948 until it translation by Edmund Barbie er
DxPKPLchFZu-00759-00178949-00179270 was published in 1876 a Dutch
DxPKPLchFZu-00760-00179271-00179491 translation by Tiberius Cornelius
DxPKPLchFZu-00761-00179492-00179914 Winkler was published in 1860 by 1864
DxPKPLchFZu-00762-00179915-00180127 additional translations had appeared in
DxPKPLchFZu-00763-00180128-00180419 Italian and Russian in Darwin's lifetime
DxPKPLchFZu-00764-00180420-00180715 origin was published in Swedish in 1871
DxPKPLchFZu-00765-00180716-00181201 Danish in 1872 polish in 1873 Hungarian
DxPKPLchFZu-00766-00181202-00181709 in 1873 - 1874 Spanish in 1877 and
DxPKPLchFZu-00767-00181710-00182173 Serbian in 1878 by 1977 it had appeared
DxPKPLchFZu-00768-00182174-00182862 in an additional 18 languages
DxPKPLchFZu-00769-00182863-00183360 topic content
DxPKPLchFZu-00770-00183361-00183698 you
DxPKPLchFZu-00771-00183699-00184310 topic title pages in introduction
DxPKPLchFZu-00772-00184311-00184591 Paigey contains quotations by William
DxPKPLchFZu-00773-00184592-00184760 Whewell and Francis Bacon on the
DxPKPLchFZu-00774-00184761-00184991 theology of natural laws harmonizing
DxPKPLchFZu-00775-00184992-00185171 science and religion in accordance with
DxPKPLchFZu-00776-00185172-00185390 Isaac Newton's belief in a rational God
DxPKPLchFZu-00777-00185391-00185629 who established a law abiding cosmos in
DxPKPLchFZu-00778-00185630-00185885 the second edition Darwin added an
DxPKPLchFZu-00779-00185886-00186091 epigraph from Joseph Butler affirming
DxPKPLchFZu-00780-00186092-00186266 that God could work through scientific
DxPKPLchFZu-00781-00186267-00186464 laws as much as through miracles in a
DxPKPLchFZu-00782-00186465-00186638 nod to the religious concerns of his
DxPKPLchFZu-00783-00186639-00186872 oldest friends the introduction
DxPKPLchFZu-00784-00186873-00187073 establishes Darwin's credentials as a
DxPKPLchFZu-00785-00187074-00187268 naturalist and author then refers to
DxPKPLchFZu-00786-00187269-00187472 John Herschel's letter suggesting that
DxPKPLchFZu-00787-00187473-00187697 the Origin of Species would be found to
DxPKPLchFZu-00788-00187698-00187931 be a natural encontré distinction to a
DxPKPLchFZu-00789-00187932-00188341 miraculous process when on board HMS
DxPKPLchFZu-00790-00188342-00188609 Beagle as naturalist I was much struck
DxPKPLchFZu-00791-00188610-00188765 with certain facts in the distribution
DxPKPLchFZu-00792-00188766-00188996 of the inhabitants of South America and
DxPKPLchFZu-00793-00188997-00189173 in the geological relations of the
DxPKPLchFZu-00794-00189174-00189362 present to the past inhabitants of that
DxPKPLchFZu-00795-00189363-00189599 continent these facts seemed to me to
DxPKPLchFZu-00796-00189600-00189752 throw some light on the Origin of
DxPKPLchFZu-00797-00189753-00190025 Species that mystery of mysteries as it
DxPKPLchFZu-00798-00190026-00190178 has been called by one of our greatest
DxPKPLchFZu-00799-00190179-00190516 philosophers Darwin refers specifically
DxPKPLchFZu-00800-00190517-00190736 to the distribution of the species rias
DxPKPLchFZu-00801-00190737-00190928 and to that of the Galapagos Tortoises
DxPKPLchFZu-00802-00190929-00191191 and mockingbirds he mentions his years
DxPKPLchFZu-00803-00191192-00191396 of work on his theory and the arrival of
DxPKPLchFZu-00804-00191397-00191603 Wallace at the same conclusion which led
DxPKPLchFZu-00805-00191604-00191906 him to publish this abstract of his
DxPKPLchFZu-00806-00191907-00192149 incomplete work he outlines his ideas
DxPKPLchFZu-00807-00192150-00192344 and sets out the essence of his theory
DxPKPLchFZu-00808-00192345-00192640 as many more individuals of each species
DxPKPLchFZu-00809-00192641-00192869 are born than can possibly survive and
DxPKPLchFZu-00810-00192870-00193010 as consequently there is a frequently
DxPKPLchFZu-00811-00193011-00193244 recurring struggle for existence it
DxPKPLchFZu-00812-00193245-00193427 follows that any being if it vary
DxPKPLchFZu-00813-00193428-00193579 however slightly in any manner
DxPKPLchFZu-00814-00193580-00193814 profitable to itself under the complex
DxPKPLchFZu-00815-00193815-00194021 and sometimes varying conditions of life
DxPKPLchFZu-00816-00194022-00194213 will have a better chance of surviving
DxPKPLchFZu-00817-00194214-00194474 and thus be naturally selected from the
DxPKPLchFZu-00818-00194475-00194669 strong principle of inheritance any
DxPKPLchFZu-00819-00194670-00194888 selected variety will tend to propagate
DxPKPLchFZu-00820-00194889-00195194 its new and modified form starting with
DxPKPLchFZu-00821-00195195-00195377 the third addition Darwin prefaced the
DxPKPLchFZu-00822-00195378-00195527 introduction with a sketch of the
DxPKPLchFZu-00823-00195528-00195728 historical development of evolutionary
DxPKPLchFZu-00824-00195729-00196003 ideas in that sketch he acknowledged
DxPKPLchFZu-00825-00196004-00196196 that Patric Matthew had unknown to
DxPKPLchFZu-00826-00196197-00196406 Wallace or himself anticipated the
DxPKPLchFZu-00827-00196407-00196595 concept of natural selection in an
DxPKPLchFZu-00828-00196596-00196868 appendix to a book published in 1831 in
DxPKPLchFZu-00829-00196869-00197029 the fourth edition he mentioned that
DxPKPLchFZu-00830-00197030-00197219 William Charles Wells had done so as
DxPKPLchFZu-00831-00197220-00197840 early as 1813
DxPKPLchFZu-00832-00197841-00198173 topic variation under domestication and
DxPKPLchFZu-00833-00198174-00198432 under nature
DxPKPLchFZu-00834-00198433-00198578 you
DxPKPLchFZu-00835-00198579-00198831 chapter 1 covers animal husbandry and
DxPKPLchFZu-00836-00198832-00199010 plant breeding going back to ancient
DxPKPLchFZu-00837-00199011-00199091 Egypt
DxPKPLchFZu-00838-00199092-00199373 Darwin discusses contemporary opinions
DxPKPLchFZu-00839-00199374-00199562 on the origins of different breeds under
DxPKPLchFZu-00840-00199563-00199758 cultivation to argue that many have been
DxPKPLchFZu-00841-00199759-00199947 produced from common ancestors by
DxPKPLchFZu-00842-00199948-00200220 selective breeding as an illustration of
DxPKPLchFZu-00843-00200221-00200346 artificial selection
DxPKPLchFZu-00844-00200347-00200520 he describes fancy pigeon breeding
DxPKPLchFZu-00845-00200521-00200822 noting that t he diversity of the breeds
DxPKPLchFZu-00846-00200823-00201096 as something astonishing yet all were
DxPKPLchFZu-00847-00201097-00201272 descended from one species of rock
DxPKPLchFZu-00848-00201273-00201546 pigeon Darwin saw two distinct kinds of
DxPKPLchFZu-00849-00201547-00201771 variation one rare abrupt changes he
DxPKPLchFZu-00850-00201772-00202233 called sports or monstrosities example
DxPKPLchFZu-00851-00202234-00202475 and con sheep with short legs and two
DxPKPLchFZu-00852-00202476-00202712 ubiquitous small differences example
DxPKPLchFZu-00853-00202713-00202901 slightly shorter or longer bill of
DxPKPLchFZu-00854-00202902-00203216 pigeons both types of hereditary changes
DxPKPLchFZu-00855-00203217-00203336 can be used by breeders
DxPKPLchFZu-00856-00203337-00203579 however for Darwin the small changes
DxPKPLchFZu-00857-00203580-00203820 were most important in evolution in
DxPKPLchFZu-00858-00203821-00204089 Chapter two Darwin specifies that the
DxPKPLchFZu-00859-00204090-00204239 distinction between species and
DxPKPLchFZu-00860-00204240-00204468 varieties is arbitrary with experts
DxPKPLchFZu-00861-00204469-00204662 disagreeing and changing their decisions
DxPKPLchFZu-00862-00204663-00204927 when new forms were found he concludes
DxPKPLchFZu-00863-00204928-00205200 that a well marked variety may be justly
DxPKPLchFZu-00864-00205201-00205490 called an incipient species and that
DxPKPLchFZu-00865-00205491-00205757 species are only strongly marked and
DxPKPLchFZu-00866-00205758-00206060 permanent varieties he argues for the
DxPKPLchFZu-00867-00206061-00206248 ubiquity of variation in nature
DxPKPLchFZu-00868-00206250-00206483 historians have noted that natural ists
DxPKPLchFZu-00869-00206484-00206676 had long been aware that the individuals
DxPKPLchFZu-00870-00206677-00206858 of a species differed from one another
DxPKPLchFZu-00871-00206859-00207035 but had generally considered such
DxPKPLchFZu-00872-00207036-00207266 variations to be limited and unimportant
DxPKPLchFZu-00873-00207267-00207453 deviations from the archetype of each
DxPKPLchFZu-00874-00207454-00207669 species that archetype being a fixed
DxPKPLchFZu-00875-00207669-00207932 ideal in the mind of God Darwin and
DxPKPLchFZu-00876-00207933-00208088 Wallace made variation among individuals
DxPKPLchFZu-00877-00208089-00208323 of the same species central to
DxPKPLchFZu-00878-00208323-00208962 understanding the natural world
DxPKPLchFZu-00879-00208963-00209280 topic struggle for existence natural
DxPKPLchFZu-00880-00209281-00209764 selection and divergence
DxPKPLchFZu-00881-00209765-00209998 in Chapter three Darwin asks how
DxPKPLchFZu-00882-00209998-00210255 varieties which I have called incipient
DxPKPLchFZu-00883-00210256-00210571 species become distinct species and an
DxPKPLchFZu-00884-00210571-00210777 answer introduces the key concept he
DxPKPLchFZu-00885-00210778-00211074 calls natural selection in the fifth
DxPKPLchFZu-00886-00211075-00211305 edition he adds that the expression
DxPKPLchFZu-00887-00211306-00211581 often used by mr. Herbert Spencer of the
DxPKPLchFZu-00888-00211582-00211821 survival of the fittest is more accurate
DxPKPLchFZu-00889-00211823-00212183 and as sometimes equally convenient
DxPKPLchFZu-00890-00212184-00212384 owing to this struggle for life any
DxPKPLchFZu-00891-00212385-00212582 variation however slight and from
DxPKPLchFZu-00892-00212583-00212767 whatever caused proceeding if it be in
DxPKPLchFZu-00893-00212769-00212978 any degree profitable to an individual
DxPKPLchFZu-00894-00212979-00213209 of any species in its infinitely complex
DxPKPLchFZu-00895-00213210-00213452 relations to other organic beings and to
DxPKPLchFZu-00896-00213453-00213608 external nature will tend to the
DxPKPLchFZu-00897-00213609-00213794 preservation of that individual and will
DxPKPLchFZu-00898-00213794-00213989 generally be inherited by its offspring
DxPKPLchFZu-00899-00213990-00214310 I have called this principle by which
DxPKPLchFZu-00900-00214311-00214529 each slight variation if useful is
DxPKPLchFZu-00901-00214530-00214706 preserved by the term of natural
DxPKPLchFZu-00902-00214707-00214913 selection in order to mark its relation
DxPKPLchFZu-00903-00214914-00215183 to man's power of selection he notes
DxPKPLchFZu-00904-00215184-00215387 that both ap de candolle and Charles
DxPKPLchFZu-00905-00215388-00215603 Lyell had stated that all organisms are
DxPKPLchFZu-00906-00215604-00215782 exposed to severe competition
DxPKPLchFZu-00907-00215783-00216026 Darwin emphasizes that he used the
DxPKPLchFZu-00908-00216027-00216398 phrase struggle for existence in a large
DxPKPLchFZu-00909-00216398-00216577 and metaphorical sense including
DxPKPLchFZu-00910-00216578-00216935 dependence of one being on another he
DxPKPLchFZu-00911-00216936-00217123 gives examples ranging from plants
DxPKPLchFZu-00912-00217125-00217292 struggling against drought to plants
DxPKPLchFZu-00913-00217292-00217463 competing for birds to eat their fruit
DxPKPLchFZu-00914-00217464-00217601 and disseminate their seeds
DxPKPLchFZu-00915-00217602-00217865 he describes the struggle resulting from
DxPKPLchFZu-00916-00217866-00218102 population growth it is the doctrine of
DxPKPLchFZu-00917-00218103-00218354 Malthus applied with manifold force to
DxPKPLchFZu-00918-00218355-00218592 the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms
DxPKPLchFZu-00919-00218594-00218873 he discusses checks to such increase
DxPKPLchFZu-00920-00218873-00219052 including complex ecological
DxPKPLchFZu-00921-00219053-00219230 interdependencies and notes that
DxPKPLchFZu-00922-00219231-00219410 competition is most severe between
DxPKPLchFZu-00923-00219411-00219671 closely related forms which fill nearly
DxPKPLchFZu-00924-00219671-00219928 the same place in the economy of nature
DxPKPLchFZu-00925-00219929-00220217 chapter for details natural selection
DxPKPLchFZu-00926-00220217-00220442 under the infinitely complex and
DxPKPLchFZu-00927-00220442-00220644 close-fitting
DxPKPLchFZu-00928-00220646-00220958 mutual relations of all organic beings
DxPKPLchFZu-00929-00220959-00221105 to each other and to their physical
DxPKPLchFZu-00930-00221106-00221477 conditions of life Darwin takes as an
DxPKPLchFZu-00931-00221478-00221669 example a country where a change in
DxPKPLchFZu-00932-00221669-00221855 conditions led to extinction of some
DxPKPLchFZu-00933-00221856-00222080 species immigration of others and where
DxPKPLchFZu-00934-00222081-00222244 suitable variations occurred
DxPKPLchFZu-00935-00222246-00222416 descendants of some species became
DxPKPLchFZu-00936-00222417-00222683 adapted to new conditions he remarks
DxPKPLchFZu-00937-00222684-00222884 that the artificial selection practiced
DxPKPLchFZu-00938-00222885-00223082 by animal breeders frequently produced
DxPKPLchFZu-00939-00223083-00223267 sharp divergence in character between
DxPKPLchFZu-00940-00223269-00223484 breeds and suggests that natural
DxPKPLchFZu-00941-00223485-00223787 selection might do the same saying but
DxPKPLchFZu-00942-00223788-00223910 how it may be asked
DxPKPLchFZu-00943-00223911-00224090 can any analogous principle apply in
DxPKPLchFZu-00944-00224091-00224357 nature I believe it can and is apply
DxPKPLchFZu-00945-00224358-00224521 most efficiently from the simple
DxPKPLchFZu-00946-00224523-00224711 circumstance that the more diversified
DxPKPLchFZu-00947-00224712-00224894 the descendants from any one species
DxPKPLchFZu-00948-00224894-00225125 become in structure Constitution and
DxPKPLchFZu-00949-00225126-00225319 habits by so much will they be better
DxPKPLchFZu-00950-00225321-00225482 enabled to seize on many and widely
DxPKPLchFZu-00951-00225483-00225569 diversify
DxPKPLchFZu-00952-00225569-00225800 places in the polity of nature and so be
DxPKPLchFZu-00953-00225801-00226017 enabled to increase in numbers
DxPKPLchFZu-00954-00226019-00226219 historians have remarked that here
DxPKPLchFZu-00955-00226221-00226459 Darwin anticipated the modern concept of
DxPKPLchFZu-00956-00226460-00226715 an ecological niche he did not suggest
DxPKPLchFZu-00957-00226716-00226948 that every favorable variation must be
DxPKPLchFZu-00958-00226950-00227134 selected nor that the favored animals
DxPKPLchFZu-00959-00227135-00227330 were better or higher but merely more
DxPKPLchFZu-00960-00227331-00227512 adapted to their surroundings
DxPKPLchFZu-00961-00227513-00227821 Darwin proposes sexual selection driven
DxPKPLchFZu-00962-00227823-00228023 by competition between males for mates
DxPKPLchFZu-00963-00228023-00228269 to explain sexually dimorphic features
DxPKPLchFZu-00964-00228269-00228517 such as lion Mane's deer antlers peacock
DxPKPLchFZu-00965-00228519-00228733 tails bird songs and the bright plumage
DxPKPLchFZu-00966-00228734-00229055 of some male birds he analyzed sexual
DxPKPLchFZu-00967-00229056-00229244 selection more fully in the Descent of
DxPKPLchFZu-00968-00229244-00229463 Man and selection in relation to sex
DxPKPLchFZu-00969-00229464-00229856 1871 natural selection was expected to
DxPKPLchFZu-00970-00229857-00230051 work very slowly in forming new species
DxPKPLchFZu-00971-00230052-00230213 but given the effectiveness of
DxPKPLchFZu-00972-00230214-00230450 artificial selection he could seem a
DxPKPLchFZu-00973-00230451-00230651 limit to the amount of change to the
DxPKPLchFZu-00974-00230652-00230855 beauty and infinite complexity of the
DxPKPLchFZu-00975-00230856-00231092 co-adaptation x' between all organic
DxPKPLchFZu-00976-00231092-00231292 beings one with another and with their
DxPKPLchFZu-00977-00231294-00231508 physical conditions of life which may be
DxPKPLchFZu-00978-00231509-00231733 affected in the long course of time by
DxPKPLchFZu-00979-00231734-00232096 nature's power of selection using a tree
DxPKPLchFZu-00980-00232098-00232325 diagram and calculations he indicates
DxPKPLchFZu-00981-00232326-00232594 the divergence of character from
DxPKPLchFZu-00982-00232596-00232814 original species into new species in
DxPKPLchFZu-00983-00232815-00233051 general he describes branches falling
DxPKPLchFZu-00984-00233052-00233246 off as extinction occurred while new
DxPKPLchFZu-00985-00233246-00233462 branch is formed in the great tree of
DxPKPLchFZu-00986-00233463-00233801 life with its ever branching and
DxPKPLchFZu-00987-00233802-00234492 beautiful ramifications
DxPKPLchFZu-00988-00234494-00235071 topic variation and heredity
DxPKPLchFZu-00989-00235071-00235251 in Darwin's time there was no
DxPKPLchFZu-00990-00235252-00235488 agreed-upon model of heredity in Chapter
DxPKPLchFZu-00991-00235489-00235689 one Darwin admitted the laws governing
DxPKPLchFZu-00992-00235690-00235973 inheritance are quite unknown he
DxPKPLchFZu-00993-00235975-00236169 accepted a version of the inheritance of
DxPKPLchFZu-00994-00236169-00236360 acquired characteristics which after
DxPKPLchFZu-00995-00236361-00236496 Darwin's death came to be called
DxPKPLchFZu-00996-00236496-00236735 Lamarckism and chapter 5 discusses what
DxPKPLchFZu-00997-00236736-00236894 he called the effects of use and disuse
DxPKPLchFZu-00998-00236896-00237092 he wrote that he thought there can be
DxPKPLchFZu-00999-00237094-00237291 little doubt that using our domestic
DxPKPLchFZu-01000-00237292-00237557 animals strengthens and enlarges certain
DxPKPLchFZu-01001-00237558-00237789 parts and disuse diminishes them and
DxPKPLchFZu-01002-00237790-00238017 that such modifications are inherited
DxPKPLchFZu-01003-00238017-00238292 and that this also applied in nature
DxPKPLchFZu-01004-00238294-00238521 Darwin stated that some changes that
DxPKPLchFZu-01005-00238521-00238713 were commonly attributed to use and
DxPKPLchFZu-01006-00238714-00238919 disuse such as the loss of functional
DxPKPLchFZu-01007-00238921-00239100 wings in some Island dwelling insects
DxPKPLchFZu-01008-00239101-00239306 might be produced by natural selection
DxPKPLchFZu-01009-00239307-00239582 in later editions of Origin Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-01010-00239583-00239766 expanded the role attributed to the
DxPKPLchFZu-01011-00239767-00239983 inheritance of acquired characteristics
DxPKPLchFZu-01012-00239984-00240233 Darwin also admitted ignorant of the
DxPKPLchFZu-01013-00240234-00240438 source of in heritable variations but
DxPKPLchFZu-01014-00240439-00240608 speculated they might be produced by
DxPKPLchFZu-01015-00240609-00240917 environmental factors however one thing
DxPKPLchFZu-01016-00240919-00240978 was clear
DxPKPLchFZu-01017-00240979-00241184 whatever the exact nature and causes of
DxPKPLchFZu-01018-00241185-00241367 new variations Darwin knew from
DxPKPLchFZu-01019-00241369-00241583 observation and experiment that breeders
DxPKPLchFZu-01020-00241584-00241794 were able to select such variations and
DxPKPLchFZu-01021-00241794-00241958 produce huge differences in many
DxPKPLchFZu-01022-00241959-00242253 generations of selection the observation
DxPKPLchFZu-01023-00242254-00242463 that selection works in domestic animals
DxPKPLchFZu-01024-00242464-00242592 is not destroyed by lack of
DxPKPLchFZu-01025-00242592-00242721 understanding of the underlying
DxPKPLchFZu-01026-00242721-00243075 hereditary mechanism breeding of animals
DxPKPLchFZu-01027-00243076-00243273 and plants showed related varieties
DxPKPLchFZu-01028-00243273-00243494 varying in similar ways or tending to
DxPKPLchFZu-01029-00243496-00243714 revert to an ancestral form and similar
DxPKPLchFZu-01030-00243715-00243888 patterns of variation in distinct
DxPKPLchFZu-01031-00243889-00244073 species were explained by Darwin is
DxPKPLchFZu-01032-00244075-00244310 demonstrating common descent he
DxPKPLchFZu-01033-00244311-00244479 recounted how lord morton's mayer
DxPKPLchFZu-01034-00244480-00244665 apparently demonstrated telegin e
DxPKPLchFZu-01035-00244666-00244878 offspring inheriting characteristics of
DxPKPLchFZu-01036-00244879-00245079 a previous mate of the female parent and
DxPKPLchFZu-01037-00245080-00245285 accepted this process as increasing the
DxPKPLchFZu-01038-00245286-00245459 variation available for natural
DxPKPLchFZu-01039-00245460-00245652 selection more detail was given in
DxPKPLchFZu-01040-00245653-00245925 Darwin's 1868 book on the variation of
DxPKPLchFZu-01041-00245926-00246117 animals and plants under domestication
DxPKPLchFZu-01042-00246117-00246330 which tried to explain heredity through
DxPKPLchFZu-01043-00246331-00246605 his hypothesis of pangenesis although
DxPKPLchFZu-01044-00246606-00246813 Darwin had privately questioned blending
DxPKPLchFZu-01045-00246814-00246969 inheritance he struggled with the
DxPKPLchFZu-01046-00246969-00247155 theoretical difficulty that novel
DxPKPLchFZu-01047-00247156-00247329 individual variations would tend to
DxPKPLchFZu-01048-00247330-00247548 blend into a population however
DxPKPLchFZu-01049-00247548-00247791 inherited variation could be seen and
DxPKPLchFZu-01050-00247792-00248013 Darwin's concept of selection working on
DxPKPLchFZu-01051-00248014-00248171 a population with a range of small
DxPKPLchFZu-01052-00248173-00248350 variations was workable
DxPKPLchFZu-01053-00248351-00248598 it was not until the modern evolutionary
DxPKPLchFZu-01054-00248600-00248905 synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s that a
DxPKPLchFZu-01055-00248906-00249106 model of heredity became completely
DxPKPLchFZu-01056-00249107-00249298 integrated with a model of variation
DxPKPLchFZu-01057-00249298-00249583 this modern evolutionary synthesis had
DxPKPLchFZu-01058-00249584-00249784 been dubbed neo-darwinian evolution
DxPKPLchFZu-01059-00249785-00249973 because it encompasses Charles Darwin's
DxPKPLchFZu-01060-00249973-00250146 theories of evolution with Gregor
DxPKPLchFZu-01061-00250148-00250842 Mendel's theories of genetic inheritance
DxPKPLchFZu-01062-00250842-00251406 topic difficulties for the theory
DxPKPLchFZu-01063-00251407-00251665 chapter six begins by saying the next
DxPKPLchFZu-01064-00251666-00251857 three chapters will address possible
DxPKPLchFZu-01065-00251858-00252067 objections to the theory the first being
DxPKPLchFZu-01066-00252067-00252265 that often no intermediate forms between
DxPKPLchFZu-01067-00252266-00252505 closely related species are found though
DxPKPLchFZu-01068-00252506-00252709 the theory implies such forms must have
DxPKPLchFZu-01069-00252710-00253069 existed as Darwin noted firstly why if
DxPKPLchFZu-01070-00253069-00253255 species have descended from other
DxPKPLchFZu-01071-00253256-00253558 species by insensibly fine gradations do
DxPKPLchFZu-01072-00253559-00253732 we not everywhere see innumerable
DxPKPLchFZu-01073-00253733-00254065 transitional forms why is not all nature
DxPKPLchFZu-01074-00254066-00254278 and confusion instead of the species
DxPKPLchFZu-01075-00254279-00254567 being as we see them well-defined
DxPKPLchFZu-01076-00254569-00254769 Darwin attributed this to the
DxPKPLchFZu-01077-00254771-00254944 competition between different forms
DxPKPLchFZu-01078-00254944-00255109 combined with the small number of
DxPKPLchFZu-01079-00255110-00255342 individuals of intermediate forms often
DxPKPLchFZu-01080-00255344-00255616 leading to extinction of such forms this
DxPKPLchFZu-01081-00255617-00255798 difficulty can be referred to as the
DxPKPLchFZu-01082-00255800-00255985 absence or rarity of transitional
DxPKPLchFZu-01083-00255986-00256300 varieties in habitat space another
DxPKPLchFZu-01084-00256301-00256516 difficulty related to the first one is
DxPKPLchFZu-01085-00256517-00256726 the absence or rarity of transitional
DxPKPLchFZu-01086-00256727-00256848 varieties in time
DxPKPLchFZu-01087-00256850-00257092 Darwin commented that by the theory of
DxPKPLchFZu-01088-00257092-00257206 natural selection
DxPKPLchFZu-01089-00257207-00257473 innumerable transitional forms must have
DxPKPLchFZu-01090-00257473-00257788 existed and wondered why do we not find
DxPKPLchFZu-01091-00257789-00257983 them embedded in countless numbers in
DxPKPLchFZu-01092-00257984-00258229 the crust of the earth for further
DxPKPLchFZu-01093-00258230-00258427 discussion of these difficulties see
DxPKPLchFZu-01094-00258428-00258679 speciation hashtag Darwin s dilemma
DxPKPLchFZu-01095-00258680-00258910 why do species exist and Bernstein at
DxPKPLchFZu-01096-00258911-00259210 all and MyKad the chapter then deals
DxPKPLchFZu-01097-00259211-00259381 with whether natural selection could
DxPKPLchFZu-01098-00259382-00259591 produce complex specialized structures
DxPKPLchFZu-01099-00259592-00259773 and the behaviors to use them when it
DxPKPLchFZu-01100-00259775-00259917 would be difficult to imagine how
DxPKPLchFZu-01101-00259919-00260115 intermediate forms could be functional
DxPKPLchFZu-01102-00260116-00260500 Darwin said secondly is it possible that
DxPKPLchFZu-01103-00260501-00260689 an animal having for instance the
DxPKPLchFZu-01104-00260690-00260866 structure and habits of a bat could have
DxPKPLchFZu-01105-00260867-00261042 been formed by the modification of some
DxPKPLchFZu-01106-00261044-00261289 animal with wholly different habits can
DxPKPLchFZu-01107-00261290-00261478 we believe that natural selection could
DxPKPLchFZu-01108-00261479-00261669 produce on the one hand organs of
DxPKPLchFZu-01109-00261671-00261883 trifling importance such as the tail of
DxPKPLchFZu-01110-00261884-00262092 a giraffe which serves as a fly flapper
DxPKPLchFZu-01111-00262094-00262297 and on the other hand organs of such
DxPKPLchFZu-01112-00262298-00262504 wonderful structure as the eye of which
DxPKPLchFZu-01113-00262505-00262687 we hardly as yet fully understand the
DxPKPLchFZu-01114-00262688-00262966 inimitable perfection his answer was
DxPKPLchFZu-01115-00262967-00263185 that in many cases animals exist with
DxPKPLchFZu-01116-00263186-00263323 intermediate structures that are
DxPKPLchFZu-01117-00263324-00263608 functional he presented flying squirrels
DxPKPLchFZu-01118-00263609-00263803 and flying lemurs as examples of how
DxPKPLchFZu-01119-00263804-00264001 bats might have evolved from non flying
DxPKPLchFZu-01120-00264002-00264304 ancestors he discussed various simple
DxPKPLchFZu-01121-00264305-00264496 eyes found in invertebrates starting
DxPKPLchFZu-01122-00264497-00264660 with nothing more than an optic nerve
DxPKPLchFZu-01123-00264661-00264862 coated with pigment as examples of how
DxPKPLchFZu-01124-00264863-00265025 the vertebrate I could have evolved
DxPKPLchFZu-01125-00265026-00265288 Darwin concludes if it could be
DxPKPLchFZu-01126-00265289-00265527 demonstrated that any complex organ
DxPKPLchFZu-01127-00265528-00265744 existed which could not possibly have
DxPKPLchFZu-01128-00265745-00265950 been formed by numerous successive
DxPKPLchFZu-01129-00265951-00266191 slight modifications my theory would
DxPKPLchFZu-01130-00266192-00266502 absolutely break down but I can find out
DxPKPLchFZu-01131-00266503-00266869 no such case in a section on organs of
DxPKPLchFZu-01132-00266870-00267040 little apparent importance
DxPKPLchFZu-01133-00267041-00267271 Darwin discusses the difficulty of
DxPKPLchFZu-01134-00267272-00267463 explaining various seemingly trivial
DxPKPLchFZu-01135-00267464-00267691 traits with no evident adaptive function
DxPKPLchFZu-01136-00267692-00267895 and outlined some possibilities such as
DxPKPLchFZu-01137-00267896-00268158 correlation with useful features he
DxPKPLchFZu-01138-00268159-00268383 accepts that we are profoundly ignorant
DxPKPLchFZu-01139-00268384-00268623 of the causes producing slight and
DxPKPLchFZu-01140-00268624-00268870 unimportant variations which
DxPKPLchFZu-01141-00268871-00269058 distinguished domesticated breeds of
DxPKPLchFZu-01142-00269059-00269347 animals and human races he suggests that
DxPKPLchFZu-01143-00269348-00269529 sexual selection might explain these
DxPKPLchFZu-01144-00269530-00269617 variations
DxPKPLchFZu-01145-00269618-00269850 I might have adduced for this same
DxPKPLchFZu-01146-00269851-00270030 purpose the differences between the
DxPKPLchFZu-01147-00270031-00270210 races of man which are so strongly
DxPKPLchFZu-01148-00270211-00270399 marked I may add that some little light
DxPKPLchFZu-01149-00270400-00270592 can apparently be thrown on the origin
DxPKPLchFZu-01150-00270593-00270759 of these differences chiefly through
DxPKPLchFZu-01151-00270760-00270970 sexual selection of a particular kind
DxPKPLchFZu-01152-00270971-00271147 but without here entering on copious
DxPKPLchFZu-01153-00271148-00271321 details my reasoning would appear
DxPKPLchFZu-01154-00271322-00271632 frivolous chapter 7 of the first edition
DxPKPLchFZu-01155-00271633-00271947 addresses the evolution of instincts his
DxPKPLchFZu-01156-00271948-00272113 examples included two he had
DxPKPLchFZu-01157-00272114-00272338 investigated experimentally slave-making
DxPKPLchFZu-01158-00272339-00272523 ants in the construction of hexagonal
DxPKPLchFZu-01159-00272524-00272832 cells by honeybees Darwin noted that
DxPKPLchFZu-01160-00272833-00273054 some species of slave-making ants were
DxPKPLchFZu-01161-00273055-00273252 more dependent on slaves than others and
DxPKPLchFZu-01162-00273253-00273459 he observed that many ant species will
DxPKPLchFZu-01163-00273460-00273627 collect and store the pupae of other
DxPKPLchFZu-01164-00273628-00273747 species as food
DxPKPLchFZu-01165-00273748-00273960 he thought it reasonable that species
DxPKPLchFZu-01166-00273961-00274168 with an extreme dependency on slave
DxPKPLchFZu-01167-00274169-00274382 workers had evolved in incremental steps
DxPKPLchFZu-01168-00274383-00274632 he suggested that bees that make
DxPKPLchFZu-01169-00274633-00274857 hexagonal cells evolved in steps from
DxPKPLchFZu-01170-00274858-00275034 bees that made round cells under
DxPKPLchFZu-01171-00275035-00275208 pressure from natural selection to
DxPKPLchFZu-01172-00275209-00275625 economize wax Darwin concluded finally
DxPKPLchFZu-01173-00275626-00275856 it may not be a logical deduction but to
DxPKPLchFZu-01174-00275857-00276022 my imagination it is far more
DxPKPLchFZu-01175-00276023-00276238 satisfactory to look at such instincts
DxPKPLchFZu-01176-00276239-00276439 as the young cuckoo ejecting its foster
DxPKPLchFZu-01177-00276440-00276753 brothers ants making slaves the larvae
DxPKPLchFZu-01178-00276754-00276919 of 'ok newman a day feeding within the
DxPKPLchFZu-01179-00276920-00277152 live bodies of caterpillars not as
DxPKPLchFZu-01180-00277153-00277363 specially endowed or created instincts
DxPKPLchFZu-01181-00277364-00277588 but as small consequences of one general
DxPKPLchFZu-01182-00277589-00277773 law leading to the advancement of all
DxPKPLchFZu-01183-00277774-00278052 organic beings namely multiply very
DxPKPLchFZu-01184-00278053-00278212 let the strongest live in the weakest
DxPKPLchFZu-01185-00278213-00278547 die chapter 8 addresses the idea that
DxPKPLchFZu-01186-00278548-00278775 species had special characteristics that
DxPKPLchFZu-01187-00278776-00278973 prevented hybrids from being fertile in
DxPKPLchFZu-01188-00278974-00279159 order to preserve separately created
DxPKPLchFZu-01189-00279160-00279447 species Darwin said that far from being
DxPKPLchFZu-01190-00279448-00279627 constant the difficulty in producing
DxPKPLchFZu-01191-00279628-00279849 hybrids of related species and the
DxPKPLchFZu-01192-00279850-00280059 viability and fertility of the hybrids
DxPKPLchFZu-01193-00280060-00280307 vary greatly especially among plants
DxPKPLchFZu-01194-00280308-00280581 sometimes what were widely considered to
DxPKPLchFZu-01195-00280582-00280773 be separate species produced fertile
DxPKPLchFZu-01196-00280774-00280956 hybrid offspring freely and in other
DxPKPLchFZu-01197-00280957-00281140 cases what were considered to be mere
DxPKPLchFZu-01198-00281141-00281343 varieties of the same species could only
DxPKPLchFZu-01199-00281344-00281595 be crossed with difficulty Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-01200-00281596-00281883 concluded finally then the facts briefly
DxPKPLchFZu-01201-00281884-00282108 given in this chapter do not seem to me
DxPKPLchFZu-01202-00282109-00282348 opposed to but even rather to support
DxPKPLchFZu-01203-00282349-00282522 the view that there is no fundamental
DxPKPLchFZu-01204-00282523-00282739 distinction between species and
DxPKPLchFZu-01205-00282740-00283071 varieties in the sixth edition Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-01206-00283072-00283305 inserted a new Chapter seven remembering
DxPKPLchFZu-01207-00283306-00283503 the subsequent chapters to respond to
DxPKPLchFZu-01208-00283504-00283734 criticisms of earlier editions including
DxPKPLchFZu-01209-00283735-00283884 the objection that many features of
DxPKPLchFZu-01210-00283885-00284082 organisms were not adaptive and could
DxPKPLchFZu-01211-00284083-00284196 not have been produced by natural
DxPKPLchFZu-01212-00284197-00284484 selection he said some such features
DxPKPLchFZu-01213-00284485-00284662 could have been byproducts of adaptive
DxPKPLchFZu-01214-00284663-00284865 changes to other features and that often
DxPKPLchFZu-01215-00284866-00285048 features seemed non adaptive because
DxPKPLchFZu-01216-00285049-00285238 their function was unknown as shown by
DxPKPLchFZu-01217-00285239-00285432 his book on fertilization of orchids
DxPKPLchFZu-01218-00285433-00285576 that explained how their elaborate
DxPKPLchFZu-01219-00285577-00285783 structures facilitated pollination by
DxPKPLchFZu-01220-00285784-00286087 insects much of the chapter responds to
DxPKPLchFZu-01221-00286088-00286275 George Jackson vivir it's criticisms
DxPKPLchFZu-01222-00286276-00286470 including his claim that features such
DxPKPLchFZu-01223-00286471-00286692 as bullying filters in whales flatfish
DxPKPLchFZu-01224-00286693-00286875 with both eyes on one side and the
DxPKPLchFZu-01225-00286876-00287070 camouflage of stick insects could not
DxPKPLchFZu-01226-00287071-00287253 have evolved through natural selection
DxPKPLchFZu-01227-00287254-00287430 because intermediate stages would not
DxPKPLchFZu-01228-00287431-00287667 have been adaptive Darwin proposed
DxPKPLchFZu-01229-00287668-00287887 scenarios for the incremental evolution
DxPKPLchFZu-01230-00287888-00288411 of each feature
DxPKPLchFZu-01231-00288412-00288823 topic geological record
DxPKPLchFZu-01232-00288824-00288959 you
DxPKPLchFZu-01233-00288960-00289202 chapter 9 deals with the fact that the
DxPKPLchFZu-01234-00289203-00289422 geological record appears to show forms
DxPKPLchFZu-01235-00289423-00289607 of life suddenly arising without the
DxPKPLchFZu-01236-00289608-00289788 innumerable transitional fossils
DxPKPLchFZu-01237-00289789-00289981 expected from gradual changes
DxPKPLchFZu-01238-00289982-00290262 Darwin borrowed Charles Lyell's argument
DxPKPLchFZu-01239-00290263-00290480 in principles of geology that the record
DxPKPLchFZu-01240-00290481-00290796 is extremely important as a very rare
DxPKPLchFZu-01241-00290797-00291018 occurrence spread over vast periods of
DxPKPLchFZu-01242-00291019-00291176 time since few areas had been
DxPKPLchFZu-01243-00291177-00291374 geologically explored there could only
DxPKPLchFZu-01244-00291375-00291608 be fragmentary knowledge of geological
DxPKPLchFZu-01245-00291609-00291803 formations and fossil collections were
DxPKPLchFZu-01246-00291804-00292122 very poor evolved local varieties which
DxPKPLchFZu-01247-00292123-00292347 migrated into a wider area would seem to
DxPKPLchFZu-01248-00292348-00292488 be the sudden appearance of a new
DxPKPLchFZu-01249-00292489-00292794 species Darwin did not expect to be able
DxPKPLchFZu-01250-00292795-00293016 to reconstruct evolutionary history but
DxPKPLchFZu-01251-00293017-00293172 continuing discoveries gave him
DxPKPLchFZu-01252-00293173-00293354 well-founded hope that new finds would
DxPKPLchFZu-01253-00293355-00293555 occasionally reveal transitional forms
DxPKPLchFZu-01254-00293556-00293783 to show that there had been enough time
DxPKPLchFZu-01255-00293784-00294015 for natural selection to work slowly he
DxPKPLchFZu-01256-00294016-00294182 cited the example of the Weald is
DxPKPLchFZu-01257-00294183-00294353 discussed in principles of geology
DxPKPLchFZu-01258-00294354-00294570 together with other observations from
DxPKPLchFZu-01259-00294571-00294785 Hugh Miller James Smith of Jordan Hill
DxPKPLchFZu-01260-00294786-00295071 and Andrew Ramsay combining this with an
DxPKPLchFZu-01261-00295072-00295208 estimate of recent rates of
DxPKPLchFZu-01262-00295209-00295368 sedimentation and erosion
DxPKPLchFZu-01263-00295369-00295550 Darwin calculated that erosion of the
DxPKPLchFZu-01264-00295551-00295798 Weald had taken around 300 million years
DxPKPLchFZu-01265-00295799-00296084 the initial appearance of entire groups
DxPKPLchFZu-01266-00296085-00296262 of well developed organisms in the
DxPKPLchFZu-01267-00296263-00296472 oldest fossil bearing layers now known
DxPKPLchFZu-01268-00296473-00296664 as the Cambrian explosion posed a
DxPKPLchFZu-01269-00296665-00296946 problem Darwin had no doubt that earlier
DxPKPLchFZu-01270-00296947-00297134 seas had swarmed with living creatures
DxPKPLchFZu-01271-00297135-00297329 but stated that he had no satisfactory
DxPKPLchFZu-01272-00297330-00297559 explanation for the lack of fossils
DxPKPLchFZu-01273-00297560-00297848 fossil evidence of Precambrian life has
DxPKPLchFZu-01274-00297849-00298038 since been found extending the history
DxPKPLchFZu-01275-00298039-00298215 of life back for billions of years
DxPKPLchFZu-01276-00298216-00298446 chapter 10 examines weather patterns in
DxPKPLchFZu-01277-00298447-00298622 the fossil record are better explained
DxPKPLchFZu-01278-00298623-00298788 by common descent and branching
DxPKPLchFZu-01279-00298789-00298982 evolution through natural selection than
DxPKPLchFZu-01280-00298983-00299166 by the individual creation of fixed
DxPKPLchFZu-01281-00299167-00299463 species darwin expected species to
DxPKPLchFZu-01282-00299464-00299660 change slowly but not at the same rate
DxPKPLchFZu-01283-00299661-00299858 some organisms such as lingula were
DxPKPLchFZu-01284-00299859-00300149 unchanged since the earliest fossils the
DxPKPLchFZu-01285-00300150-00300345 pace of natural selection would depend
DxPKPLchFZu-01286-00300346-00300524 on variability and change in the
DxPKPLchFZu-01287-00300525-00300779 environment this distanced his theory
DxPKPLchFZu-01288-00300780-00300959 from Lamarckian laws of inevitable
DxPKPLchFZu-01289-00300960-00301188 progress it has been argued that this
DxPKPLchFZu-01290-00301189-00301422 anticipated the punctuated equilibrium
DxPKPLchFZu-01291-00301423-00301610 hypothesis but other scholars have
DxPKPLchFZu-01292-00301611-00301767 preferred to emphasize Darwin's
DxPKPLchFZu-01293-00301768-00301904 commitment to gradualism
DxPKPLchFZu-01294-00301905-00302180 he cited Richard Owens findings that the
DxPKPLchFZu-01295-00302181-00302328 earliest members of a class
DxPKPLchFZu-01296-00302329-00302499 were a few simple and generalized
DxPKPLchFZu-01297-00302500-00302667 species with characteristics
DxPKPLchFZu-01298-00302668-00302868 intermediate between modern forms and
DxPKPLchFZu-01299-00302869-00303033 were followed by increasingly diverse
DxPKPLchFZu-01300-00303034-00303249 and specialized forms matching the
DxPKPLchFZu-01301-00303250-00303411 branching of common descent from an
DxPKPLchFZu-01302-00303412-00303690 ancestor patterns of extinction matched
DxPKPLchFZu-01303-00303691-00303873 his theory with related groups of
DxPKPLchFZu-01304-00303874-00304038 species having a continued existence
DxPKPLchFZu-01305-00304039-00304292 until extinction than not reappearing
DxPKPLchFZu-01306-00304293-00304530 recently extinct species were more
DxPKPLchFZu-01307-00304531-00304713 similar to living species than those
DxPKPLchFZu-01308-00304714-00304923 from earlier eras and as he had seen in
DxPKPLchFZu-01309-00304924-00305115 South America and William Clift had
DxPKPLchFZu-01310-00305116-00305334 shown in Australia fossils from recent
DxPKPLchFZu-01311-00305335-00305553 geological periods resembled species
DxPKPLchFZu-01312-00305554-00306182 still living in the same area
DxPKPLchFZu-01313-00306183-00306763 topic geographic distribution
DxPKPLchFZu-01314-00306764-00306991 chapter 11 deals with evidence from
DxPKPLchFZu-01315-00306992-00307189 biogeography starting with the
DxPKPLchFZu-01316-00307190-00307387 observation that differences in flora
DxPKPLchFZu-01317-00307388-00307612 and fauna from separate regions cannot
DxPKPLchFZu-01318-00307613-00307774 be explained by environmental
DxPKPLchFZu-01319-00307775-00307999 differences alone South America Africa
DxPKPLchFZu-01320-00308000-00308215 and Australia all have regions with
DxPKPLchFZu-01321-00308216-00308413 similar climates at similar latitudes
DxPKPLchFZu-01322-00308414-00308581 but those regions have very different
DxPKPLchFZu-01323-00308582-00308875 plants and animals the species found in
DxPKPLchFZu-01324-00308876-00309070 one area of a continent are more closely
DxPKPLchFZu-01325-00309071-00309256 allied with species found in other
DxPKPLchFZu-01326-00309257-00309448 regions of that same continent than two
DxPKPLchFZu-01327-00309449-00309736 species found on other continents Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-01328-00309737-00309937 noted that barriers to migration played
DxPKPLchFZu-01329-00309938-00310111 an important role in the differences
DxPKPLchFZu-01330-00310112-00310299 between the species of different regions
DxPKPLchFZu-01331-00310300-00310588 the coastal sea life of the Atlantic and
DxPKPLchFZu-01332-00310589-00310798 Pacific sides of Central America had
DxPKPLchFZu-01333-00310799-00311011 almost no species in common even though
DxPKPLchFZu-01334-00311012-00311206 the Isthmus of Panama was only a few
DxPKPLchFZu-01335-00311207-00311455 miles wide his explanation was a
DxPKPLchFZu-01336-00311456-00311656 combination of migration and descent
DxPKPLchFZu-01337-00311657-00311905 with modification he went on to say on
DxPKPLchFZu-01338-00311906-00312130 this principle of inheritance with
DxPKPLchFZu-01339-00312131-00312391 modification we can understand how it is
DxPKPLchFZu-01340-00312392-00312628 that sections of general whole general
DxPKPLchFZu-01341-00312629-00312838 and even families are confined to the
DxPKPLchFZu-01342-00312839-00313066 same areas as is so commonly and
DxPKPLchFZu-01343-00313067-00313408 notoriously the case Darwin explained
DxPKPLchFZu-01344-00313409-00313594 how a volcanic island formed a few
DxPKPLchFZu-01345-00313595-00313771 hundred miles from a continent might be
DxPKPLchFZu-01346-00313772-00313969 colonized by a few species from that
DxPKPLchFZu-01347-00313970-00314212 continent these species would become
DxPKPLchFZu-01348-00314213-00314410 modified over time but would still be
DxPKPLchFZu-01349-00314411-00314569 related to species found on the
DxPKPLchFZu-01350-00314570-00314743 continent and Darwin observed that this
DxPKPLchFZu-01351-00314744-00315007 was a common pattern Darwin discussed
DxPKPLchFZu-01352-00315008-00315193 ways that species could be dispersed
DxPKPLchFZu-01353-00315194-00315421 across oceans to colonize Islands many
DxPKPLchFZu-01354-00315422-00315562 of which he had investigated
DxPKPLchFZu-01355-00315563-00315799 experimentally chapter 12 continues the
DxPKPLchFZu-01356-00315800-00316105 discussion of biogeography after a brief
DxPKPLchFZu-01357-00316106-00316315 discussion of freshwater species it
DxPKPLchFZu-01358-00316316-00316507 returns to oceanic islands and their
DxPKPLchFZu-01359-00316508-00316711 peculiarities for example on some
DxPKPLchFZu-01360-00316712-00316885 islands roles played by mammals on
DxPKPLchFZu-01361-00316886-00317044 continents were played by other animals
DxPKPLchFZu-01362-00317045-00317359 such as flightless birds or reptiles the
DxPKPLchFZu-01363-00317360-00317653 summary of both chapters says
DxPKPLchFZu-01364-00317654-00317875 I think all the grand leading facts of
DxPKPLchFZu-01365-00317876-00318100 geographical distribution are explicable
DxPKPLchFZu-01366-00318101-00318307 on the theory of migration generally of
DxPKPLchFZu-01367-00318308-00318484 the more dominant forms of life together
DxPKPLchFZu-01368-00318485-00318685 with subsequent modification and the
DxPKPLchFZu-01369-00318686-00318958 multiplication of new forms we can thus
DxPKPLchFZu-01370-00318959-00319123 understand the high importance of
DxPKPLchFZu-01371-00319124-00319327 barriers whether of land or water which
DxPKPLchFZu-01372-00319328-00319525 separate are several zoological and
DxPKPLchFZu-01373-00319526-00319768 botanical provinces we can thus
DxPKPLchFZu-01374-00319769-00320012 understand the localization of sub-genre
DxPKPLchFZu-01375-00320013-00320216 general and families and how it is that
DxPKPLchFZu-01376-00320217-00320366 under different latitudes
DxPKPLchFZu-01377-00320367-00320548 for instance in South America the
DxPKPLchFZu-01378-00320549-00320704 inhabitants of the plains and mountains
DxPKPLchFZu-01379-00320705-00320974 of the forests marshes and deserts are
DxPKPLchFZu-01380-00320975-00321157 in so mysterious a manner linked
DxPKPLchFZu-01381-00321158-00321343 together by affinity and are likewise
DxPKPLchFZu-01382-00321344-00321499 linked to the extinct beings which
DxPKPLchFZu-01383-00321500-00321819 formerly inhabited the same continent
DxPKPLchFZu-01384-00321820-00321999 on these same principles we can
DxPKPLchFZu-01385-00322000-00322200 understand as I have endeavored to show
DxPKPLchFZu-01386-00322201-00322404 why oceanic islands should have few
DxPKPLchFZu-01387-00322405-00322556 inhabitants but if these are great
DxPKPLchFZu-01388-00322557-00323305 numbers should be endemic or peculiar
DxPKPLchFZu-01389-00323306-00323634 topic classification morphology
DxPKPLchFZu-01390-00323635-00324187 embryology rudimentary organs
DxPKPLchFZu-01391-00324188-00324470 chapter 13 starts by observing that
DxPKPLchFZu-01392-00324471-00324701 classification depends on species being
DxPKPLchFZu-01393-00324702-00324890 grouped together in a taxonomy a
DxPKPLchFZu-01394-00324891-00325081 multi-level system of groups and
DxPKPLchFZu-01395-00325082-00325280 subgroups based on varying degrees of
DxPKPLchFZu-01396-00325281-00325495 resemblance after discussing
DxPKPLchFZu-01397-00325496-00325741 classification issues darwin concludes
DxPKPLchFZu-01398-00325742-00326030 all the foregoing rules and aids and
DxPKPLchFZu-01399-00326031-00326216 difficulties in classification or
DxPKPLchFZu-01400-00326217-00326417 explained if I do not greatly deceive
DxPKPLchFZu-01401-00326418-00326594 myself on the view that the natural
DxPKPLchFZu-01402-00326595-00326758 system is founded on descent with
DxPKPLchFZu-01403-00326759-00326954 modification that the characters which
DxPKPLchFZu-01404-00326955-00327157 natural ists consider is showing true
DxPKPLchFZu-01405-00327158-00327371 affinity between any two or more species
DxPKPLchFZu-01406-00327372-00327556 are those which have been inherited from
DxPKPLchFZu-01407-00327557-00327812 a common parent and in so far all true
DxPKPLchFZu-01408-00327813-00328030 classification is genealogical that
DxPKPLchFZu-01409-00328031-00328223 community of descent as the hidden bond
DxPKPLchFZu-01410-00328224-00328364 which natural ists have been
DxPKPLchFZu-01411-00328365-00328727 unconsciously seeking darwin discusses
DxPKPLchFZu-01412-00328728-00328930 morphology including the importance of
DxPKPLchFZu-01413-00328931-00329240 homologous structures he says what can
DxPKPLchFZu-01414-00329241-00329441 be more curious than that the hand of a
DxPKPLchFZu-01415-00329442-00329669 man formed for grasping that of a mole
DxPKPLchFZu-01416-00329670-00329870 for digging the leg of the horse the
DxPKPLchFZu-01417-00329871-00330065 paddle of the porpoise and the wing of
DxPKPLchFZu-01418-00330066-00330259 the bat should all be constructed on the
DxPKPLchFZu-01419-00330260-00330473 same pattern and should include the same
DxPKPLchFZu-01420-00330474-00330727 bones in the same relative positions
DxPKPLchFZu-01421-00330728-00331001 this made no sense under doctrines of
DxPKPLchFZu-01422-00331002-00331241 independent creation of species as even
DxPKPLchFZu-01423-00331242-00331400 Richard Owen had admitted but uh
DxPKPLchFZu-01424-00331401-00331697 explanation is manifest on the theory of
DxPKPLchFZu-01425-00331698-00331901 the natural selection of successive
DxPKPLchFZu-01426-00331902-00332228 slight modifications showing common
DxPKPLchFZu-01427-00332229-00332423 descent he notes that animals of the
DxPKPLchFZu-01428-00332424-00332630 same class often have extremely similar
DxPKPLchFZu-01429-00332631-00332935 embryos Darwin discusses rudimentary
DxPKPLchFZu-01430-00332936-00333140 organs such as the wings of flightless
DxPKPLchFZu-01431-00333141-00333326 birds and the rudiments of pelvis and
DxPKPLchFZu-01432-00333327-00333580 leg bones found in some snakes he
DxPKPLchFZu-01433-00333581-00333776 remarks that some rudimentary organs
DxPKPLchFZu-01434-00333777-00333955 such as teeth and baleen whales are
DxPKPLchFZu-01435-00333956-00334231 found only in embryonic stages these
DxPKPLchFZu-01436-00334232-00334439 factors also supported his theory of
DxPKPLchFZu-01437-00334440-00335024 descent with modification
DxPKPLchFZu-01438-00335025-00335571 topic concluding remarks
DxPKPLchFZu-01439-00335572-00335874 the final chapter recapitulation and
DxPKPLchFZu-01440-00335875-00336129 conclusion reviews points from earlier
DxPKPLchFZu-01441-00336130-00336351 chapters and Darwin concludes by hoping
DxPKPLchFZu-01442-00336352-00336474 that his theory might produce
DxPKPLchFZu-01443-00336475-00336696 revolutionary changes in many fields of
DxPKPLchFZu-01444-00336697-00336963 Natural History he suggests that
DxPKPLchFZu-01445-00336964-00337119 psychology will be put on a new
DxPKPLchFZu-01446-00337120-00337323 foundation and implies the relevance of
DxPKPLchFZu-01447-00337324-00337494 his theory to the first appearance of
DxPKPLchFZu-01448-00337495-00337695 humanity with the sentence that light
DxPKPLchFZu-01449-00337696-00337907 will be thrown on the origin of man and
DxPKPLchFZu-01450-00337908-00338238 his history darwin ends with a passage
DxPKPLchFZu-01451-00338239-00338432 that became well known and much quoted
DxPKPLchFZu-01452-00338433-00338694 it is interesting to contemplate an
DxPKPLchFZu-01453-00338695-00338909 entangled Bank clothed with many plants
DxPKPLchFZu-01454-00338910-00339099 of many kinds with birds singing on the
DxPKPLchFZu-01455-00339100-00339281 bushes with various insects flitting
DxPKPLchFZu-01456-00339282-00339458 about and with worms crawling through
DxPKPLchFZu-01457-00339459-00339630 the damp earth and to reflect that these
DxPKPLchFZu-01458-00339631-00339825 elaborately constructed forms so
DxPKPLchFZu-01459-00339826-00340007 different from each other and dependent
DxPKPLchFZu-01460-00340008-00340179 on each other in so complex a manner
DxPKPLchFZu-01461-00340180-00340392 have all been produced by laws acting
DxPKPLchFZu-01462-00340393-00340564 around us
DxPKPLchFZu-01463-00340565-00340809 thus from the war of nature from famine
DxPKPLchFZu-01464-00340810-00341010 and death the most exalted object which
DxPKPLchFZu-01465-00341011-00341229 we are capable of conceiving namely the
DxPKPLchFZu-01466-00341230-00341349 production of the higher animals
DxPKPLchFZu-01467-00341350-00341652 directly follows there is grandeur in
DxPKPLchFZu-01468-00341653-00341799 this view of life with its several
DxPKPLchFZu-01469-00341800-00341976 powers having been originally breathed
DxPKPLchFZu-01470-00341977-00342214 into a few forms or into one and that
DxPKPLchFZu-01471-00342215-00342421 whilst this planet has gone cycling on
DxPKPLchFZu-01472-00342422-00342598 according to the fixed law of gravity
DxPKPLchFZu-01473-00342599-00342774 from so simple a beginning endless forms
DxPKPLchFZu-01474-00342775-00342999 most beautiful and most wonderful have
DxPKPLchFZu-01475-00343000-00343315 been and are being evolved as discussed
DxPKPLchFZu-01476-00343316-00343537 under religious attitudes Darwin added
DxPKPLchFZu-01477-00343538-00343891 the phrase by the Creator from the 1860
DxPKPLchFZu-01478-00343892-00344071 second edition onwards so that the
DxPKPLchFZu-01479-00344072-00344259 ultimate sentence began there is
DxPKPLchFZu-01480-00344260-00344460 grandeur in this view of life with its
DxPKPLchFZu-01481-00344461-00344641 several powers having been originally
DxPKPLchFZu-01482-00344642-00344914 breathed by the Creator into a few forms
DxPKPLchFZu-01483-00344915-00345583 or into one
DxPKPLchFZu-01484-00345584-00346248 topic structure style and themes
DxPKPLchFZu-01485-00346249-00346590 you
DxPKPLchFZu-01486-00346591-00346894 topic nature and structure of darwin's
DxPKPLchFZu-01487-00346895-00347262 argument
DxPKPLchFZu-01488-00347263-00347517 Darwin's aims were too full to show that
DxPKPLchFZu-01489-00347518-00347733 species had not been separately created
DxPKPLchFZu-01490-00347734-00347916 and to show that natural selection had
DxPKPLchFZu-01491-00347917-00348168 been the chief agent of change he knew
DxPKPLchFZu-01492-00348169-00348312 that his readers were already familiar
DxPKPLchFZu-01493-00348313-00348540 with the concept of transmutation of
DxPKPLchFZu-01494-00348541-00348711 species from vestiges and his
DxPKPLchFZu-01495-00348712-00348900 introduction ridicules that work is
DxPKPLchFZu-01496-00348901-00349086 failing to provide a viable mechanism
DxPKPLchFZu-01497-00349087-00349362 there for the first four chapters lay
DxPKPLchFZu-01498-00349363-00349557 out his case that selection in nature
DxPKPLchFZu-01499-00349558-00349758 caused by the struggle for existence is
DxPKPLchFZu-01500-00349759-00349974 analogous to the selection of variations
DxPKPLchFZu-01501-00349975-00350133 under domestication and that the
DxPKPLchFZu-01502-00350134-00350334 accumulation of adaptive variations
DxPKPLchFZu-01503-00350335-00350541 provides a scientifically testable
DxPKPLchFZu-01504-00350542-00350745 mechanism for evolutionary speciation
DxPKPLchFZu-01505-00350746-00350943 later chapters provide evidence that
DxPKPLchFZu-01506-00350944-00351147 evolution has occurred supporting the
DxPKPLchFZu-01507-00351148-00351330 idea of branching adaptive evolution
DxPKPLchFZu-01508-00351331-00351561 without directly proving that selection
DxPKPLchFZu-01509-00351562-00351798 as the mechanism darwin presents
DxPKPLchFZu-01510-00351799-00351969 supporting facts drawn from many
DxPKPLchFZu-01511-00351970-00352155 disciplines showing that his theory
DxPKPLchFZu-01512-00352156-00352350 could explain a myriad of observations
DxPKPLchFZu-01513-00352351-00352557 from many fields of natural history that
DxPKPLchFZu-01514-00352558-00352725 were inexplicable under the alternate
DxPKPLchFZu-01515-00352726-00352878 concept that species had been
DxPKPLchFZu-01516-00352879-00353151 individually created the structure of
DxPKPLchFZu-01517-00353152-00353343 darwin's argument showed the influence
DxPKPLchFZu-01518-00353344-00353544 of John Herschel whose philosophy of
DxPKPLchFZu-01519-00353545-00353706 science maintained that a mechanism
DxPKPLchFZu-01520-00353707-00353907 could be called a Veera Casa true cause
DxPKPLchFZu-01521-00353908-00354114 if three things could be demonstrated
DxPKPLchFZu-01522-00354115-00354333 its existence in nature its ability to
DxPKPLchFZu-01523-00354334-00354531 produce the effects of interest and its
DxPKPLchFZu-01524-00354532-00354717 ability to explain a wide range of
DxPKPLchFZu-01525-00354718-00355282 observations
DxPKPLchFZu-01526-00355283-00355819 topic literary style
DxPKPLchFZu-01527-00355820-00356035 the examiner review of the third of
DxPKPLchFZu-01528-00356036-00356338 December 1859 commented much of mr.
DxPKPLchFZu-01529-00356339-00356599 Darwin's volume as what ordinary readers
DxPKPLchFZu-01530-00356600-00356800 would call tough reading that as writing
DxPKPLchFZu-01531-00356801-00356976 which to comprehend requires
DxPKPLchFZu-01532-00356977-00357178 concentrated attention and some
DxPKPLchFZu-01533-00357179-00357520 preparation for the task all however is
DxPKPLchFZu-01534-00357521-00357763 by no means of this description in many
DxPKPLchFZu-01535-00357764-00357991 parts of the book abound in information
DxPKPLchFZu-01536-00357992-00358246 easy to comprehend and both instructive
DxPKPLchFZu-01537-00358247-00358507 and entertaining while the book was
DxPKPLchFZu-01538-00358508-00358696 readable enough to sell its dryness
DxPKPLchFZu-01539-00358697-00358858 ensured that it was seen as aimed at
DxPKPLchFZu-01540-00358859-00359047 specialists scientists and could not be
DxPKPLchFZu-01541-00359048-00359212 dismissed as mere journalism or
DxPKPLchFZu-01542-00359213-00359464 imaginative fiction unlike the still
DxPKPLchFZu-01543-00359465-00359656 popular vestiges it avoided the
DxPKPLchFZu-01544-00359657-00359836 narrative style of the historical novel
DxPKPLchFZu-01545-00359837-00360070 and cosmological speculation though the
DxPKPLchFZu-01546-00360071-00360244 closing sentence clearly hinted at
DxPKPLchFZu-01547-00360245-00360508 cosmic progression Darwin had long been
DxPKPLchFZu-01548-00360509-00360682 immersed in the literary forms and
DxPKPLchFZu-01549-00360683-00360895 practices of specialist science and made
DxPKPLchFZu-01550-00360896-00361048 effective use of his skills in
DxPKPLchFZu-01551-00361049-00361330 structuring arguments David Kwan has
DxPKPLchFZu-01552-00361331-00361477 described the book as written in
DxPKPLchFZu-01553-00361478-00361615 everyday language for a wide audience
DxPKPLchFZu-01554-00361616-00361870 but noted that Darwin's literary style
DxPKPLchFZu-01555-00361871-00362068 was uneven in some places he used
DxPKPLchFZu-01556-00362069-00362254 convoluted sentences that are difficult
DxPKPLchFZu-01557-00362255-00362446 to read while in other places his
DxPKPLchFZu-01558-00362447-00362728 writing was beautiful coiin advised that
DxPKPLchFZu-01559-00362729-00362929 later additions were weakened by darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-01560-00362930-00363139 making concessions and adding details to
DxPKPLchFZu-01561-00363140-00363337 address his critics and recommended the
DxPKPLchFZu-01562-00363338-00363643 first edition James T Costa said that
DxPKPLchFZu-01563-00363644-00363796 because the book was an abstract
DxPKPLchFZu-01564-00363797-00363973 produced in haste in response to
DxPKPLchFZu-01565-00363974-00364168 Wallace's essay it was more approachable
DxPKPLchFZu-01566-00364169-00364348 than the big book on natural selection
DxPKPLchFZu-01567-00364349-00364552 Darwin had been working on which would
DxPKPLchFZu-01568-00364553-00364684 have been encumbered by scholarly
DxPKPLchFZu-01569-00364685-00364900 footnotes and much more technical detail
DxPKPLchFZu-01570-00364901-00365170 he added that some parts of origin are
DxPKPLchFZu-01571-00365171-00365395 dense but other parts are almost lyrical
DxPKPLchFZu-01572-00365396-00365527 and the case studies and observations
DxPKPLchFZu-01573-00365528-00365740 are presented in a narrative style
DxPKPLchFZu-01574-00365741-00365968 unusual in serious scientific books
DxPKPLchFZu-01575-00365969-00366388 which broadened its audience topic human
DxPKPLchFZu-01576-00366389-00366610 evolution from his early transmutation
DxPKPLchFZu-01577-00366611-00366841 notebooks in the late 1830s onwards
DxPKPLchFZu-01578-00366842-00367057 Darwin considered human evolution as
DxPKPLchFZu-01579-00367058-00367246 part of the natural processes he was
DxPKPLchFZu-01580-00367247-00367429 investigating and rejected divine
DxPKPLchFZu-01581-00367430-00367792 intervention in 1856 his big book on
DxPKPLchFZu-01582-00367793-00368032 species titled natural selection was to
DxPKPLchFZu-01583-00368033-00368218 include a note on man but when Wallace
DxPKPLchFZu-01584-00368219-00368554 inquired in December 1857 Darwin replied
DxPKPLchFZu-01585-00368555-00368773 you asked whether I shall discuss man I
DxPKPLchFZu-01586-00368774-00368983 think I shall avoid whole subject as so
DxPKPLchFZu-01587-00368984-00369163 surrounded with prejudices though I
DxPKPLchFZu-01588-00369164-00369334 fully admit that it is the highest and
DxPKPLchFZu-01589-00369335-00369484 most interesting problem for the
DxPKPLchFZu-01590-00369485-00369790 naturalist on the 28th of March 1859
DxPKPLchFZu-01591-00369791-00369973 with his manuscript for the book well
DxPKPLchFZu-01592-00369974-00370201 underway Darwin wrote to Lyell offering
DxPKPLchFZu-01593-00370202-00370378 the suggested publisher John Murray
DxPKPLchFZu-01594-00370379-00370606 assurances that I do not discuss origin
DxPKPLchFZu-01595-00370607-00370798 of man in the final chapter of on the
DxPKPLchFZu-01596-00370799-00371029 Origin of Species recapitulation and
DxPKPLchFZu-01597-00371030-00371101 conclusion
DxPKPLchFZu-01598-00371102-00371281 Darwin briefly highlights the human
DxPKPLchFZu-01599-00371282-00371455 implications of his theory in the
DxPKPLchFZu-01600-00371456-00371683 distant future I see open fields for far
DxPKPLchFZu-01601-00371684-00371968 more important researches psychology
DxPKPLchFZu-01602-00371969-00372154 will be based on a new foundation that
DxPKPLchFZu-01603-00372155-00372322 of the necessary acquirement of each
DxPKPLchFZu-01604-00372323-00372553 mental power and capacity by gradation
DxPKPLchFZu-01605-00372554-00372787 light will be thrown on the origin of
DxPKPLchFZu-01606-00372788-00373003 man and his history discussing this in
DxPKPLchFZu-01607-00373004-00373324 January 1860 Darwin assured Lyle that by
DxPKPLchFZu-01608-00373325-00373489 the sentence light will be thrown on the
DxPKPLchFZu-01609-00373490-00373693 origin of man and his history I showed
DxPKPLchFZu-01610-00373694-00373831 that I believe man is in same
DxPKPLchFZu-01611-00373832-00374068 predicament with other animals many
DxPKPLchFZu-01612-00374069-00374260 modern writers have seen this sentence
DxPKPLchFZu-01613-00374261-00374470 as Darwin's only reference to humans in
DxPKPLchFZu-01614-00374471-00374692 the book Janet Brown describes it as his
DxPKPLchFZu-01615-00374693-00374887 only discussion there of human origins
DxPKPLchFZu-01616-00374888-00375046 while noting that the book makes other
DxPKPLchFZu-01617-00375047-00375238 references to humanity some other
DxPKPLchFZu-01618-00375239-00375403 statements in the book are quietly
DxPKPLchFZu-01619-00375404-00375538 effective at pointing out the
DxPKPLchFZu-01620-00375539-00375715 implication that humans are simply
DxPKPLchFZu-01621-00375716-00375889 another species evolving through the
DxPKPLchFZu-01622-00375890-00376105 same processes and principles affecting
DxPKPLchFZu-01623-00376106-00376438 other organisms for example in chapter 3
DxPKPLchFZu-01624-00376439-00376657 struggle for existence Darwin includes
DxPKPLchFZu-01625-00376658-00376879 slow breeding man among other examples
DxPKPLchFZu-01626-00376880-00377164 of Malthusian population growth in his
DxPKPLchFZu-01627-00377165-00377365 discussions on morphology Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-01628-00377366-00377575 compares and comments on bone structures
DxPKPLchFZu-01629-00377576-00377767 that are homologous between humans and
DxPKPLchFZu-01630-00377768-00377974 other mammals Darwin's early notebooks
DxPKPLchFZu-01631-00377975-00378105 discussed how non adaptive
DxPKPLchFZu-01632-00378106-00378298 characteristics could be selected when
DxPKPLchFZu-01633-00378299-00378535 animals or humans chose mates with races
DxPKPLchFZu-01634-00378536-00378736 of humans differing over ideas of beauty
DxPKPLchFZu-01635-00378737-00379120 in his 1856 notes responding to Robert
DxPKPLchFZu-01636-00379121-00379360 Knox's the races of man a fragment he
DxPKPLchFZu-01637-00379361-00379630 called this affect sexual selection he
DxPKPLchFZu-01638-00379631-00379840 added notes on sexual selection to his
DxPKPLchFZu-01639-00379841-00380419 big book on species and in mid-1850s of
DxPKPLchFZu-01640-00380420-00380629 man but did not add text on this topic
DxPKPLchFZu-01641-00380630-00380857 in on the Origin of Species
DxPKPLchFZu-01642-00380858-00381229 chapter 6 difficulties on theory Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-01643-00381230-00381457 mentions this in the context of slight
DxPKPLchFZu-01644-00381458-00381649 and unimportant variations
DxPKPLchFZu-01645-00381650-00381913 I might have adduced for this same
DxPKPLchFZu-01646-00381914-00382090 purpose the differences between the
DxPKPLchFZu-01647-00382091-00382273 races of man which are so strongly
DxPKPLchFZu-01648-00382274-00382465 marked I may add that some little light
DxPKPLchFZu-01649-00382466-00382549 can apparently
DxPKPLchFZu-01650-00382550-00382678 be thrown on the origin of these
DxPKPLchFZu-01651-00382679-00382876 differences chiefly through sexual
DxPKPLchFZu-01652-00382877-00383077 selection of a particular kind but
DxPKPLchFZu-01653-00383078-00383221 without here entering on copious details
DxPKPLchFZu-01654-00383222-00383563 my reasoning would appear frivolous when
DxPKPLchFZu-01655-00383564-00383755 Darwin published the Descent of Man and
DxPKPLchFZu-01656-00383756-00383977 selection in relation to sex 12 years
DxPKPLchFZu-01657-00383978-00384172 later he said that he had not gone into
DxPKPLchFZu-01658-00384173-00384388 detail on human evolution in the origin
DxPKPLchFZu-01659-00384389-00384592 as he thought that would only add to the
DxPKPLchFZu-01660-00384593-00384919 prejudices against my views he had not
DxPKPLchFZu-01661-00384920-00385096 completely avoided the topic
DxPKPLchFZu-01662-00385097-00385336 it seemed to me sufficient to indicate
DxPKPLchFZu-01663-00385337-00385546 in the first edition of my Origin of
DxPKPLchFZu-01664-00385547-00385747 Species that by this work light would be
DxPKPLchFZu-01665-00385748-00385909 thrown on the origin of man and his
DxPKPLchFZu-01666-00385910-00386113 history and this implies that man must
DxPKPLchFZu-01667-00386114-00386329 be included with other organic beings in
DxPKPLchFZu-01668-00386330-00386524 any general conclusion respecting his
DxPKPLchFZu-01669-00386525-00386794 manner of appearance on this earth he
DxPKPLchFZu-01670-00386795-00387040 also said that he had merely alluded in
DxPKPLchFZu-01671-00387041-00387228 that book to sexual selection
DxPKPLchFZu-01672-00387229-00387886 differentiating human races
DxPKPLchFZu-01673-00387887-00388401 topic reception
DxPKPLchFZu-01674-00388402-00388650 the book aroused international interest
DxPKPLchFZu-01675-00388651-00388845 and a widespread debate with no sharp
DxPKPLchFZu-01676-00388846-00389055 line between scientific issues and
DxPKPLchFZu-01677-00389056-00389253 ideological social and religious
DxPKPLchFZu-01678-00389254-00389496 implications much of the initial
DxPKPLchFZu-01679-00389497-00389709 reaction was hostile in a large part
DxPKPLchFZu-01680-00389710-00389865 because very few reviewers actually
DxPKPLchFZu-01681-00389866-00390099 understood his theory but Darwin had to
DxPKPLchFZu-01682-00390100-00390309 be taken seriously as a prominent and
DxPKPLchFZu-01683-00390310-00390570 respected name in science there was much
DxPKPLchFZu-01684-00390571-00390756 less controversy than had greeted the
DxPKPLchFZu-01685-00390757-00391068 1844 publication vestiges of creation
DxPKPLchFZu-01686-00391069-00391269 which had been rejected by scientists
DxPKPLchFZu-01687-00391270-00391419 but had influenced a wide public
DxPKPLchFZu-01688-00391420-00391617 readership into believing that nature
DxPKPLchFZu-01689-00391618-00391785 and human society were governed by
DxPKPLchFZu-01690-00391786-00392091 natural laws the Origin of Species as a
DxPKPLchFZu-01691-00392092-00392280 book of wide general interest became
DxPKPLchFZu-01692-00392281-00392501 associated with ideas of social reform
DxPKPLchFZu-01693-00392502-00392805 its proponents made full use of a surge
DxPKPLchFZu-01694-00392806-00392994 in the publication of reviewed journals
DxPKPLchFZu-01695-00392995-00393198 and it was given more popular attention
DxPKPLchFZu-01696-00393199-00393384 than almost any other scientific work
DxPKPLchFZu-01697-00393385-00393558 though it failed to match the continuing
DxPKPLchFZu-01698-00393559-00393804 sales of vestiges Darwin's book
DxPKPLchFZu-01699-00393805-00394029 legitimized scientific discussion of
DxPKPLchFZu-01700-00394030-00394233 evolutionary mechanisms and the newly
DxPKPLchFZu-01701-00394234-00394434 coined term Darwinism was used to cover
DxPKPLchFZu-01702-00394435-00394656 the whole range of evolutionism not just
DxPKPLchFZu-01703-00394657-00394752 his own ideas
DxPKPLchFZu-01704-00394753-00395076 by the mid-1870s evolutionism was
DxPKPLchFZu-01705-00395077-00395145 triumphant
DxPKPLchFZu-01706-00395146-00395304 while Darwin had been somewhat coy about
DxPKPLchFZu-01707-00395305-00395532 human origins not identifying any
DxPKPLchFZu-01708-00395533-00395745 explicit conclusion on the matter in his
DxPKPLchFZu-01709-00395746-00395925 book he had dropped enough hints about
DxPKPLchFZu-01710-00395926-00396126 humans animal ancestry for the inference
DxPKPLchFZu-01711-00396127-00396309 to be made and the first review claimed
DxPKPLchFZu-01712-00396310-00396535 it made a Creed of that men from monkeys
DxPKPLchFZu-01713-00396536-00396849 idea from vestiges human evolution
DxPKPLchFZu-01714-00396850-00397032 became central to the debate and was
DxPKPLchFZu-01715-00397033-00397235 strongly argued by Huxley who featured
DxPKPLchFZu-01716-00397236-00397520 it in his popular workingmen's lectures
DxPKPLchFZu-01717-00397521-00397782 Darwin did not publish his own views on
DxPKPLchFZu-01718-00397783-00398052 this until 1871 the naturalism of
DxPKPLchFZu-01719-00398053-00398229 natural selection conflicted with
DxPKPLchFZu-01720-00398230-00398424 presumptions of purpose in nature and
DxPKPLchFZu-01721-00398425-00398565 while this could be reconciled by
DxPKPLchFZu-01722-00398566-00398769 theistic evolution other mechanisms
DxPKPLchFZu-01723-00398770-00398973 implying more progress or purpose were
DxPKPLchFZu-01724-00398974-00399234 more acceptable Herbert Spencer had
DxPKPLchFZu-01725-00399235-00399456 already incorporated Lamarckism into his
DxPKPLchFZu-01726-00399457-00399645 popular philosophy of progressive
DxPKPLchFZu-01727-00399646-00399957 free-market human society he popularized
DxPKPLchFZu-01728-00399958-00400173 the terms evolution and survival of the
DxPKPLchFZu-01729-00400174-00400338 fittest and many thought Spencer was
DxPKPLchFZu-01730-00400339-00400998 central to evolutionary thinking
DxPKPLchFZu-01731-00400999-00401672 topic impact on the scientific community
DxPKPLchFZu-01732-00401673-00401916 scientific readers were already aware of
DxPKPLchFZu-01733-00401917-00402105 arguments that species changed through
DxPKPLchFZu-01734-00402106-00402282 processes that were subject to laws of
DxPKPLchFZu-01735-00402283-00402516 nature but the transmutation Alai Diaz
DxPKPLchFZu-01736-00402517-00402693 of Lamarque in the vague law of
DxPKPLchFZu-01737-00402694-00402954 development a vestiges had not found
DxPKPLchFZu-01738-00402955-00403092 scientific favor
DxPKPLchFZu-01739-00403093-00403332 Darwin presented natural selection as a
DxPKPLchFZu-01740-00403333-00403557 scientifically testable mechanism while
DxPKPLchFZu-01741-00403558-00403743 accepting that other mechanisms such as
DxPKPLchFZu-01742-00403744-00403944 inheritance of acquired characters were
DxPKPLchFZu-01743-00403945-00404016 possible
DxPKPLchFZu-01744-00404017-00404295 his strategy established that evolution
DxPKPLchFZu-01745-00404296-00404454 through natural laws was worthy of
DxPKPLchFZu-01746-00404455-00404754 scientific study and by 1875 most
DxPKPLchFZu-01747-00404755-00404949 scientists accepted that evolution
DxPKPLchFZu-01748-00404950-00405120 occurred but few thought natural
DxPKPLchFZu-01749-00405121-00405260 selection was significant
DxPKPLchFZu-01750-00405261-00405522 Darwin's scientific method was also
DxPKPLchFZu-01751-00405523-00405710 disputed with his proponents favoring
DxPKPLchFZu-01752-00405711-00405942 the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's a
DxPKPLchFZu-01753-00405943-00406167 system of logic while opponents held to
DxPKPLchFZu-01754-00406168-00406358 the idealist School of William wells
DxPKPLchFZu-01755-00406359-00406572 philosophy of the inductive sciences in
DxPKPLchFZu-01756-00406573-00406773 which investigation could begin with the
DxPKPLchFZu-01757-00406774-00406992 intuitive idea that species were fixed
DxPKPLchFZu-01758-00406993-00407298 objects created by design early support
DxPKPLchFZu-01759-00407299-00407466 for Darwin's ideas came from the
DxPKPLchFZu-01760-00407467-00407679 findings of field naturalist studying
DxPKPLchFZu-01761-00407680-00407922 biogeography and ecology including
DxPKPLchFZu-01762-00407923-00408195 Joseph Dalton hooker in 1860 and ASA
DxPKPLchFZu-01763-00408196-00408377 gray in 1862
DxPKPLchFZu-01764-00408378-00408672 Henry Walter Bates presented research in
DxPKPLchFZu-01765-00408673-00408981 1861 that explained insect mimicry using
DxPKPLchFZu-01766-00408982-00409239 natural selection Alfred Russel Wallace
DxPKPLchFZu-01767-00409240-00409437 discussed evidence from his Malay
DxPKPLchFZu-01768-00409438-00409737 Archipelago research including an 1864
DxPKPLchFZu-01769-00409738-00409887 paper with an evolutionary explanation
DxPKPLchFZu-01770-00409888-00410255 for the wallace line evolution had less
DxPKPLchFZu-01771-00410256-00410466 obvious applications to anatomy and
DxPKPLchFZu-01772-00410467-00410649 morphology and at first had little
DxPKPLchFZu-01773-00410650-00410841 impact on the research of the anatomist
DxPKPLchFZu-01774-00410842-00410995 Thomas Henry Huxley
DxPKPLchFZu-01775-00410996-00411284 despite this Huxley strongly supported
DxPKPLchFZu-01776-00411285-00411485 Darwin on evolution though he called for
DxPKPLchFZu-01777-00411487-00411632 experiments to show whether natural
DxPKPLchFZu-01778-00411633-00411843 selection could form new species and
DxPKPLchFZu-01779-00411843-00412043 questioned if Darwin's gradualism was
DxPKPLchFZu-01780-00412045-00412220 sufficient without sudden leaps to cause
DxPKPLchFZu-01781-00412221-00412526 speciation Huxley wanted science to be
DxPKPLchFZu-01782-00412527-00412734 secular without religious interference
DxPKPLchFZu-01783-00412735-00412970 and his article in the April 1860
DxPKPLchFZu-01784-00412971-00413205 Westminster Review promoted scientific
DxPKPLchFZu-01785-00413206-00413360 naturalism over natural theology
DxPKPLchFZu-01786-00413362-00413624 praising Darwin for extending the
DxPKPLchFZu-01787-00413625-00413859 domination of science over regions of
DxPKPLchFZu-01788-00413860-00414095 thought into which she has as yet hardly
DxPKPLchFZu-01789-00414096-00414249 penetrated
DxPKPLchFZu-01790-00414250-00414588 and coining the term Darwinism as part
DxPKPLchFZu-01791-00414589-00414747 of his efforts to secularize in
DxPKPLchFZu-01792-00414747-00414989 professionalize science Huxley gained
DxPKPLchFZu-01793-00414991-00415230 influence and initiated the X Club which
DxPKPLchFZu-01794-00415231-00415392 used the journal Nature to promote
DxPKPLchFZu-01795-00415393-00415626 evolution and naturalism shaping much of
DxPKPLchFZu-01796-00415627-00415932 late Victorian science later the German
DxPKPLchFZu-01797-00415933-00416097 morphologist Ernst Haeckel would
DxPKPLchFZu-01798-00416097-00416318 convince Huxley that comparative anatomy
DxPKPLchFZu-01799-00416320-00416499 and paleontology could be used to
DxPKPLchFZu-01800-00416500-00416742 reconstruct evolutionary genealogies the
DxPKPLchFZu-01801-00416743-00416913 leading naturalist in Britain was the
DxPKPLchFZu-01802-00416914-00417149 anatomist Richard Owen an idealist who
DxPKPLchFZu-01803-00417150-00417366 had shifted to the view in the 1850s
DxPKPLchFZu-01804-00417367-00417557 that the history of life was the gradual
DxPKPLchFZu-01805-00417558-00417855 unfolding of a divine plan Owens review
DxPKPLchFZu-01806-00417856-00418080 of the origin in the April 1860
DxPKPLchFZu-01807-00418081-00418239 Edinburgh review bitterly attacked
DxPKPLchFZu-01808-00418239-00418467 Huxley Hooker and Darwin but also
DxPKPLchFZu-01809-00418468-00418638 signaled acceptance of a kind of
DxPKPLchFZu-01810-00418639-00418853 evolution as a teleological plan in a
DxPKPLchFZu-01811-00418854-00419153 continuous ordained becoming with new
DxPKPLchFZu-01812-00419154-00419339 species appearing by natural birth
DxPKPLchFZu-01813-00419341-00419589 others that rejected natural selection
DxPKPLchFZu-01814-00419589-00419922 but supported creation by birth included
DxPKPLchFZu-01815-00419922-00420138 the Duke of Argyll who explained beauty
DxPKPLchFZu-01816-00420139-00420528 and plumage by design since 1858 Huxley
DxPKPLchFZu-01817-00420529-00420702 had emphasized anatomical similarities
DxPKPLchFZu-01818-00420703-00420989 between Apes and humans contesting Owens
DxPKPLchFZu-01819-00420991-00421139 view that humans were a separate
DxPKPLchFZu-01820-00421141-00421428 subclass their disagreement over human
DxPKPLchFZu-01821-00421429-00421617 origins came to the fore at the British
DxPKPLchFZu-01822-00421618-00421803 Association for the Advancement of
DxPKPLchFZu-01823-00421804-00421993 science meeting featuring the legendary
DxPKPLchFZu-01824-00421995-00422352 1860 Oxford evolution debate in two
DxPKPLchFZu-01825-00422353-00422577 years of acrimonious public dispute that
DxPKPLchFZu-01826-00422578-00422826 Charles Kingsley satirized as the great
DxPKPLchFZu-01827-00422827-00423084 hippocampus questioned and parodied in
DxPKPLchFZu-01828-00423085-00423270 the water babies as the great
DxPKPLchFZu-01829-00423271-00423552 hippopotamus test Huxley showed that
DxPKPLchFZu-01830-00423553-00423722 Owen was incorrect in asserting that
DxPKPLchFZu-01831-00423724-00423906 eight brains lacked a structure present
DxPKPLchFZu-01832-00423907-00424209 in human brains others including Charles
DxPKPLchFZu-01833-00424210-00424418 Lyell and Alfred Russel Wallace thought
DxPKPLchFZu-01834-00424420-00424610 that humans shared a common ancestor
DxPKPLchFZu-01835-00424612-00424800 with apes but higher mental faculties
DxPKPLchFZu-01836-00424801-00424959 could not have evolved through a purely
DxPKPLchFZu-01837-00424960-00425256 material process Darwin published his
DxPKPLchFZu-01838-00425257-00425464 own explanation in the dissent of man
DxPKPLchFZu-01839-00425466-00426045 1871
DxPKPLchFZu-01840-00426046-00426647 topic impact outside Great Britain
DxPKPLchFZu-01841-00426647-00426912 evolutionary ideas although not natural
DxPKPLchFZu-01842-00426913-00427097 selection were accepted by German
DxPKPLchFZu-01843-00427099-00427275 biologists accustomed to ideas of
DxPKPLchFZu-01844-00427276-00427491 homology and morphology from Gerda's
DxPKPLchFZu-01845-00427492-00427674 metamorphosis of plants and from their
DxPKPLchFZu-01846-00427675-00427868 long tradition of comparative anatomy
DxPKPLchFZu-01847-00427868-00428118 bronze alterations in his German
DxPKPLchFZu-01848-00428118-00428310 translation added to the misgivings of
DxPKPLchFZu-01849-00428310-00428517 conservatives but enthused political
DxPKPLchFZu-01850-00428518-00428799 radicals Ernst Haeckel was particularly
DxPKPLchFZu-01851-00428800-00429014 ardent aiming to synthesize Darwin's
DxPKPLchFZu-01852-00429016-00429213 ideas with those of Lamarque and Goethe
DxPKPLchFZu-01853-00429214-00429372 while still reflecting the spirit of
DxPKPLchFZu-01854-00429372-00429618 nature philosophy their ambitious
DxPKPLchFZu-01855-00429618-00429772 program to reconstruct the evolutionary
DxPKPLchFZu-01856-00429774-00430038 history of life was joined by Huxley and
DxPKPLchFZu-01857-00430039-00430310 supported by discoveries in paleontology
DxPKPLchFZu-01858-00430310-00430614 Hegel used embryology extensively in his
DxPKPLchFZu-01859-00430614-00430851 recapitulation theory which embodied a
DxPKPLchFZu-01860-00430852-00431037 progressive almost linear model of
DxPKPLchFZu-01861-00431038-00431325 evolution Darwin was cautious about such
DxPKPLchFZu-01862-00431326-00431529 histories and had already noted that von
DxPKPLchFZu-01863-00431530-00431820 Bay of embryology supported his idea of
DxPKPLchFZu-01864-00431821-00432068 complex branching ASA gray promoted and
DxPKPLchFZu-01865-00432070-00432267 defended Origin against those American
DxPKPLchFZu-01866-00432268-00432459 Naturalist swith an idealist approach
DxPKPLchFZu-01867-00432460-00432689 notably Lewis a gases who viewed every
DxPKPLchFZu-01868-00432691-00432900 species as a distinct fixed unit in the
DxPKPLchFZu-01869-00432901-00433085 mind of the creator classifying as
DxPKPLchFZu-01870-00433087-00433268 species what others considered merely
DxPKPLchFZu-01871-00433270-00433554 varieties Edward drinker cope and
DxPKPLchFZu-01872-00433555-00433767 Alphaeus hyatt reconciled this view with
DxPKPLchFZu-01873-00433768-00434001 evolutionism in a form of neo Lamarckism
DxPKPLchFZu-01874-00434002-00434205 involving recapitulation theory
DxPKPLchFZu-01875-00434206-00434414 french-speaking natural ists in several
DxPKPLchFZu-01876-00434416-00434601 countries showed appreciation of the
DxPKPLchFZu-01877-00434602-00434814 much modified French translation by
DxPKPLchFZu-01878-00434814-00435033 Clemens Royer but Darwin's ideas had
DxPKPLchFZu-01879-00435034-00435218 little impact in France where any
DxPKPLchFZu-01880-00435220-00435450 scientist supporting evolutionary ideas
DxPKPLchFZu-01881-00435451-00435696 opted for a form of Lamarckism the
DxPKPLchFZu-01882-00435697-00435918 intelligentsia in Russia had accepted
DxPKPLchFZu-01883-00435918-00436128 the general phenomenon of evolution for
DxPKPLchFZu-01884-00436129-00436299 several years before Darwin had
DxPKPLchFZu-01885-00436300-00436506 published his theory and scientists were
DxPKPLchFZu-01886-00436507-00436650 quick to take it into account
DxPKPLchFZu-01887-00436651-00436824 although the Malthusian aspects were
DxPKPLchFZu-01888-00436825-00437076 felt to be relatively unimportant the
DxPKPLchFZu-01889-00437077-00437262 political economy of struggle was
DxPKPLchFZu-01890-00437263-00437481 criticised as a British stereotype by
DxPKPLchFZu-01891-00437482-00437730 Karl Marx and by Leo Tolstoy who had the
DxPKPLchFZu-01892-00437731-00437904 character Levin in his novel and a
DxPKPLchFZu-01893-00437905-00438114 Karenina voice sharp criticism of the
DxPKPLchFZu-01894-00438114-00438714 morality of Darwin's views
DxPKPLchFZu-01895-00438714-00439312 Topic challenges to natural selection
DxPKPLchFZu-01896-00439313-00439566 there were serious scientific objections
DxPKPLchFZu-01897-00439567-00439777 to the process of natural selection as
DxPKPLchFZu-01898-00439778-00439957 the key mechanism of evolution including
DxPKPLchFZu-01899-00439958-00440200 Carl von Maglis insistence that a
DxPKPLchFZu-01900-00440201-00440410 trivial characteristic with no adaptive
DxPKPLchFZu-01901-00440410-00440578 advantage could not be developed by
DxPKPLchFZu-01902-00440579-00440835 selection Darwin conceded that these
DxPKPLchFZu-01903-00440837-00440959 could be linked to adaptive
DxPKPLchFZu-01904-00440960-00441193 characteristics his estimate that the
DxPKPLchFZu-01905-00441193-00441355 age of the earth allowed gradual
DxPKPLchFZu-01906-00441356-00441547 evolution was disputed by William
DxPKPLchFZu-01907-00441547-00441747 Thompson later awarded the title Lord
DxPKPLchFZu-01908-00441748-00441949 Kelvin who calculated that it had cooled
DxPKPLchFZu-01909-00441950-00442160 in less than 100 million years
DxPKPLchFZu-01910-00442162-00442443 Darwin accepted blending inheritance but
DxPKPLchFZu-01911-00442444-00442660 Fleming jenkin calculated that as it
DxPKPLchFZu-01912-00442660-00442872 makes traits natural selection could not
DxPKPLchFZu-01913-00442873-00443170 accumulate useful traits Darwin tried to
DxPKPLchFZu-01914-00443171-00443359 meet these objections in the 5th edition
DxPKPLchFZu-01915-00443360-00443602 Vivat supported directed evolution and
DxPKPLchFZu-01916-00443603-00443800 compiled scientific and religious
DxPKPLchFZu-01917-00443801-00444014 objections to natural selection in
DxPKPLchFZu-01918-00444015-00444268 response Darwin made considerable
DxPKPLchFZu-01919-00444268-00444522 changes to the 6th edition the problems
DxPKPLchFZu-01920-00444523-00444685 of the age of the earth and heredity
DxPKPLchFZu-01921-00444685-00444910 were only resolved in the 20th century
DxPKPLchFZu-01922-00444910-00445168 by the mid-1870s most scientists
DxPKPLchFZu-01923-00445168-00445408 accepted evolution but relegated natural
DxPKPLchFZu-01924-00445409-00445579 selection to a minor role as they
DxPKPLchFZu-01925-00445580-00445764 believed evolution was purposeful and
DxPKPLchFZu-01926-00445765-00446014 progressive the range of evolutionary
DxPKPLchFZu-01927-00446014-00446283 theories during the Eclipse of Darwinism
DxPKPLchFZu-01928-00446284-00446656 included forms of saltation ISM in which
DxPKPLchFZu-01929-00446657-00446814 new species were thought to arise
DxPKPLchFZu-01930-00446815-00447097 through jumps rather than gradual
DxPKPLchFZu-01931-00447097-00447307 adaptation forms of ortho genesis
DxPKPLchFZu-01932-00447308-00447495 claiming that species had an inherent
DxPKPLchFZu-01933-00447496-00447676 tendency to change in a particular
DxPKPLchFZu-01934-00447677-00447907 direction and forms of me Lamarckism in
DxPKPLchFZu-01935-00447908-00448014 which inheritance of acquired
DxPKPLchFZu-01936-00448015-00448309 characteristics led to progress the
DxPKPLchFZu-01937-00448310-00448518 minority view of August Weismann that
DxPKPLchFZu-01938-00448519-00448702 natural selection was the only mechanism
DxPKPLchFZu-01939-00448703-00449002 was called neo-darwinism it was thought
DxPKPLchFZu-01940-00449003-00449155 that the rediscovery of Mendelian
DxPKPLchFZu-01941-00449156-00449882 inheritance invalidated Darwin's views
DxPKPLchFZu-01942-00449883-00450179 topic impact on economic and political
DxPKPLchFZu-01943-00450180-00450803 debates while some like Spencer used
DxPKPLchFZu-01944-00450804-00451016 analogy from natural selection as an
DxPKPLchFZu-01945-00451017-00451208 argument against government intervention
DxPKPLchFZu-01946-00451209-00451382 in the economy to benefit the poor
DxPKPLchFZu-01947-00451383-00451564 others including Alfred Russel Wallace
DxPKPLchFZu-01948-00451566-00451775 argued that action was needed to correct
DxPKPLchFZu-01949-00451776-00452009 social and economic inequities to level
DxPKPLchFZu-01950-00452010-00452168 the playing field before natural
DxPKPLchFZu-01951-00452168-00452374 selection could improve humanity further
DxPKPLchFZu-01952-00452375-00452657 some political commentaries including
DxPKPLchFZu-01953-00452658-00452987 Walter Bagehot physics and politics 1872
DxPKPLchFZu-01954-00452988-00453214 attempted to extend the idea of natural
DxPKPLchFZu-01955-00453216-00453416 selection to competition between nations
DxPKPLchFZu-01956-00453417-00453760 and between human races such ideas were
DxPKPLchFZu-01957-00453762-00453947 incorporated into what was already an
DxPKPLchFZu-01958-00453947-00454114 ongoing effort by some working in
DxPKPLchFZu-01959-00454116-00454322 anthropology to provide scientific
DxPKPLchFZu-01960-00454322-00454478 evidence for the superiority of
DxPKPLchFZu-01961-00454479-00454703 Caucasians over non-white races and
DxPKPLchFZu-01962-00454704-00455018 justify European imperialism historians
DxPKPLchFZu-01963-00455018-00455204 write that most such political and
DxPKPLchFZu-01964-00455205-00455389 economic commentators had only a
DxPKPLchFZu-01965-00455391-00455591 superficial understanding of Darwin's
DxPKPLchFZu-01966-00455592-00455801 scientific theory and were as strongly
DxPKPLchFZu-01967-00455802-00455972 influenced by other concepts about
DxPKPLchFZu-01968-00455972-00456212 social progress and evolution such as
DxPKPLchFZu-01969-00456213-00456389 the Lamarckian ideas of Spencer and
DxPKPLchFZu-01970-00456389-00456593 Hegel as they were by Darwin's work
DxPKPLchFZu-01971-00456593-00456875 Darwin objected to his ideas being used
DxPKPLchFZu-01972-00456876-00457085 to justify military aggression and an
DxPKPLchFZu-01973-00457085-00457259 ethical business practices as he
DxPKPLchFZu-01974-00457260-00457460 believed morality was part of fitness in
DxPKPLchFZu-01975-00457460-00457688 humans and he opposed polygenism the
DxPKPLchFZu-01976-00457689-00457910 idea that human races were fundamentally
DxPKPLchFZu-01977-00457910-00458063 distinct and did not share a recent
DxPKPLchFZu-01978-00458064-00458658 common ancestry
DxPKPLchFZu-01979-00458659-00459214 topic religious attitudes
DxPKPLchFZu-01980-00459215-00459425 the book produced a wide range of
DxPKPLchFZu-01981-00459426-00459610 religious responses at a time of
DxPKPLchFZu-01982-00459612-00459776 changing ideas and increasing
DxPKPLchFZu-01983-00459777-00460043 secularization the issues raised were
DxPKPLchFZu-01984-00460043-00460216 complex and there was a large middle
DxPKPLchFZu-01985-00460217-00460516 ground developments in geology meant
DxPKPLchFZu-01986-00460517-00460682 that there was little opposition based
DxPKPLchFZu-01987-00460683-00460874 on a literal reading of Genesis but
DxPKPLchFZu-01988-00460875-00461066 defense of the argument from design and
DxPKPLchFZu-01989-00461067-00461272 natural theology was central to debates
DxPKPLchFZu-01990-00461273-00461405 over the book in the english-speaking
DxPKPLchFZu-01991-00461406-00461785 world natural theology was not a unified
DxPKPLchFZu-01992-00461787-00461987 doctrine and while some such as Lewis a
DxPKPLchFZu-01993-00461988-00462212 gases were strongly opposed to the ideas
DxPKPLchFZu-01994-00462213-00462329 in the book others sought a
DxPKPLchFZu-01995-00462330-00462541 reconciliation in which evolution was
DxPKPLchFZu-01996-00462542-00462766 seen as purposeful in the Church of
DxPKPLchFZu-01997-00462767-00462959 England some liberal clergymen
DxPKPLchFZu-01998-00462960-00463147 interpreted natural selection as an
DxPKPLchFZu-01999-00463148-00463325 instrument of God's design with the
DxPKPLchFZu-02000-00463326-00463583 cleric Charles Kingsley seen it as just
DxPKPLchFZu-02001-00463584-00463904 as noble a conception of deity in the
DxPKPLchFZu-02002-00463905-00464197 second edition of January 1860 Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-02003-00464198-00464480 quoted Kingsley as a celebrated cleric
DxPKPLchFZu-02004-00464481-00464828 and added the phrase by the Creator to
DxPKPLchFZu-02005-00464829-00465010 the closing sentence which from then on
DxPKPLchFZu-02006-00465012-00465241 read life with its several powers having
DxPKPLchFZu-02007-00465242-00465485 been originally breathed by the creator
DxPKPLchFZu-02008-00465485-00465875 into a few forms or into one while some
DxPKPLchFZu-02009-00465876-00466039 commentators have taken this as a
DxPKPLchFZu-02010-00466040-00466250 concession to religion that Darwin later
DxPKPLchFZu-02011-00466251-00466457 regretted Darwin's view at the time was
DxPKPLchFZu-02012-00466458-00466649 of God creating life through the laws of
DxPKPLchFZu-02013-00466650-00466805 nature and even in the first edition
DxPKPLchFZu-02014-00466806-00467084 there are several references to creation
DxPKPLchFZu-02015-00467085-00467378 baden-powell praised mr. Darwin's
DxPKPLchFZu-02016-00467379-00467618 masterly volume supporting the grand
DxPKPLchFZu-02017-00467618-00467864 principle of the self evolving powers of
DxPKPLchFZu-02018-00467864-00468020 nature
DxPKPLchFZu-02019-00468021-00468249 in America ASA gray argued that
DxPKPLchFZu-02020-00468250-00468453 evolution is the secondary effect or
DxPKPLchFZu-02021-00468454-00468714 modus operandi of the first cause design
DxPKPLchFZu-02022-00468714-00468909 and published a pamphlet defending the
DxPKPLchFZu-02023-00468910-00469101 book in terms of theistic evolution
DxPKPLchFZu-02024-00469102-00469302 natural selection is not inconsistent
DxPKPLchFZu-02025-00469303-00469626 with natural theology theistic evolution
DxPKPLchFZu-02026-00469627-00469845 became a popular compromise and st.
DxPKPLchFZu-02027-00469846-00470018 George Jackson Miller twas among those
DxPKPLchFZu-02028-00470019-00470195 accepting evolution but attacking
DxPKPLchFZu-02029-00470196-00470422 Darwin's naturalistic mechanism
DxPKPLchFZu-02030-00470423-00470616 eventually it was realized that
DxPKPLchFZu-02031-00470617-00470829 supernatural intervention could not be a
DxPKPLchFZu-02032-00470830-00471060 scientific explanation and naturalistic
DxPKPLchFZu-02033-00471060-00471297 mechanisms such as Neil Lamarckism were
DxPKPLchFZu-02034-00471297-00471507 favored over natural selection as being
DxPKPLchFZu-02035-00471508-00471705 more compatible with purpose even though
DxPKPLchFZu-02036-00471706-00471882 the book did not explicitly spell out
DxPKPLchFZu-02037-00471883-00472101 Darwin's beliefs about human origins it
DxPKPLchFZu-02038-00472102-00472235 had dropped a number of hints about
DxPKPLchFZu-02039-00472237-00472445 humans animal ancestry and quickly
DxPKPLchFZu-02040-00472446-00472653 became central to the debate as mental
DxPKPLchFZu-02041-00472654-00472812 and moral qualities were seen as
DxPKPLchFZu-02042-00472813-00473034 spiritual aspects of the immaterial soul
DxPKPLchFZu-02043-00473035-00473214 and it was believed that animals did not
DxPKPLchFZu-02044-00473214-00473510 have spiritual qualities this conflict
DxPKPLchFZu-02045-00473512-00473703 could be reconciled by supposing there
DxPKPLchFZu-02046-00473704-00473889 was some supernatural intervention on
DxPKPLchFZu-02047-00473889-00474075 the path leading to humans or viewing
DxPKPLchFZu-02048-00474076-00474243 evolution as a purposeful and
DxPKPLchFZu-02049-00474243-00474450 progressive assent to mankind's position
DxPKPLchFZu-02050-00474451-00474660 at the head of nature while many
DxPKPLchFZu-02051-00474660-00474860 conservative theologians accepted
DxPKPLchFZu-02052-00474862-00475085 evolution Charles Hodge argued in his
DxPKPLchFZu-02053-00475085-00475454 1874 critique what is Darwinism that
DxPKPLchFZu-02054-00475455-00475770 Darwinism defined narrowly as including
DxPKPLchFZu-02055-00475771-00475985 rejection of design was atheism though
DxPKPLchFZu-02056-00475987-00476172 he accepted that ASA gray did not reject
DxPKPLchFZu-02057-00476172-00476468 design ASA gray responded that this
DxPKPLchFZu-02058-00476469-00476739 charge misrepresented Darwin's text by
DxPKPLchFZu-02059-00476739-00476997 the early 20th century for noted authors
DxPKPLchFZu-02060-00476997-00477213 of the fundamentals were explicitly open
DxPKPLchFZu-02061-00477214-00477393 to the possibility that God created
DxPKPLchFZu-02062-00477393-00477603 through evolution but fundamentalism
DxPKPLchFZu-02063-00477604-00477801 inspired the American creation evolution
DxPKPLchFZu-02064-00477802-00478172 controversy that began in the 1920s some
DxPKPLchFZu-02065-00478173-00478395 conservative Roman Catholic writers and
DxPKPLchFZu-02066-00478396-00478647 influential Jesuits opposed evolution in
DxPKPLchFZu-02067-00478647-00478908 the late 19th and early 20th century but
DxPKPLchFZu-02068-00478909-00479091 other Catholic writers starting with
DxPKPLchFZu-02069-00479092-00479130 Miller
DxPKPLchFZu-02070-00479131-00479316 pointed out that early church fathers
DxPKPLchFZu-02071-00479317-00479517 had not interpreted Genesis literally in
DxPKPLchFZu-02072-00479518-00479768 this area the Vatican stated its
DxPKPLchFZu-02073-00479769-00480012 official position in a 1950 papal
DxPKPLchFZu-02074-00480013-00480231 encyclical which held that evolution was
DxPKPLchFZu-02075-00480232-00480931 not inconsistent with Catholic teaching
DxPKPLchFZu-02076-00480932-00481481 topic modern influence
DxPKPLchFZu-02077-00481482-00481722 various alternative evolutionary
DxPKPLchFZu-02078-00481722-00481962 mechanisms favored during the eclipse of
DxPKPLchFZu-02079-00481963-00482247 Darwinism became untenable as more was
DxPKPLchFZu-02080-00482247-00482439 learned about inheritance and mutation
DxPKPLchFZu-02081-00482439-00482649 the full significance of natural
DxPKPLchFZu-02082-00482650-00482843 selection was at last accepted in the
DxPKPLchFZu-02083-00482845-00483132 1930s and 1940s as part of the modern
DxPKPLchFZu-02084-00483133-00483396 evolutionary synthesis during that
DxPKPLchFZu-02085-00483397-00483633 synthesis biologists and statisticians
DxPKPLchFZu-02086-00483634-00483924 including RA Fisher Sewell right and JBS
DxPKPLchFZu-02087-00483925-00484155 Haldane merged Darwinian selection with
DxPKPLchFZu-02088-00484156-00484368 a statistical understanding of Mendelian
DxPKPLchFZu-02089-00484368-00484584 genetics modern evolutionary theory
DxPKPLchFZu-02090-00484585-00484851 continues to develop Darwin's theory of
DxPKPLchFZu-02091-00484852-00485079 evolution by natural selection with its
DxPKPLchFZu-02092-00485080-00485253 tree-like model of branching common
DxPKPLchFZu-02093-00485254-00485460 descent has become the unifying theory
DxPKPLchFZu-02094-00485460-00485745 of the life sciences the theory explains
DxPKPLchFZu-02095-00485746-00485949 the diversity of living organisms and
DxPKPLchFZu-02096-00485950-00486189 their adaptation to the environment it
DxPKPLchFZu-02097-00486189-00486402 makes sense of the geological record
DxPKPLchFZu-02098-00486403-00486642 biogeography parallels in embryonic
DxPKPLchFZu-02099-00486643-00486858 development biological homologies
DxPKPLchFZu-02100-00486859-00487160 vestigial 'ti cladistics philo genetics
DxPKPLchFZu-02101-00487162-00487310 and other fields with unrivaled
DxPKPLchFZu-02102-00487312-00487542 explanatory power it has also become
DxPKPLchFZu-02103-00487543-00487743 essential to Applied Sciences such as
DxPKPLchFZu-02104-00487743-00487897 medicine and agriculture
DxPKPLchFZu-02105-00487899-00488163 despite the scientific consensus a
DxPKPLchFZu-02106-00488164-00488393 religion based political controversy has
DxPKPLchFZu-02107-00488395-00488583 developed over how evolution is taught
DxPKPLchFZu-02108-00488584-00488789 in schools especially in the United
DxPKPLchFZu-02109-00488791-00488988 States interest in Darwin's writings
DxPKPLchFZu-02110-00488989-00489218 continues and scholars have generated an
DxPKPLchFZu-02111-00489220-00489441 extensive literature the Darwin industry
DxPKPLchFZu-02112-00489442-00489699 about his life and work the text of
DxPKPLchFZu-02113-00489700-00489918 origin itself has been subject to much
DxPKPLchFZu-02114-00489918-00490160 analysis including a very Orem detailing
DxPKPLchFZu-02115-00490162-00490353 the changes made in every edition first
DxPKPLchFZu-02116-00490354-00490641 published in 1959 and a concordance and
DxPKPLchFZu-02117-00490642-00490866 exhaustive external index published in
DxPKPLchFZu-02118-00490867-00491205 1981 worldwide commemorations of the
DxPKPLchFZu-02119-00491206-00491481 150th anniversary of the publication of
DxPKPLchFZu-02120-00491482-00491646 On the Origin of Species and the
DxPKPLchFZu-02121-00491647-00491826 bicentenary of Darwin's birth were
DxPKPLchFZu-02122-00491827-00492156 scheduled for 2009 they celebrated the
DxPKPLchFZu-02123-00492157-00492510 ideas which over the last 150 years have
DxPKPLchFZu-02124-00492510-00492717 revolutionized our understanding of
DxPKPLchFZu-02125-00492718-00493022 nature and our place within it in a
DxPKPLchFZu-02126-00493024-00493245 survey conducted by a group of academic
DxPKPLchFZu-02127-00493246-00493476 booksellers publishers and librarians in
DxPKPLchFZu-02128-00493477-00493674 advance of academic book week in the
DxPKPLchFZu-02129-00493675-00493868 United Kingdom on the Origin of Species
DxPKPLchFZu-02130-00493870-00494109 was voted the most influential academic
DxPKPLchFZu-02131-00494110-00494364 book ever written it was hailed as the
DxPKPLchFZu-02132-00494364-00494652 supreme demonstration of why academic
DxPKPLchFZu-02133-00494653-00494758 books matter
DxPKPLchFZu-02134-00494759-00495025 and a book which has changed the way we
DxPKPLchFZu-02135-00495026-00495685 think about everything
DxPKPLchFZu-02136-00495686-00496216 topic see also
DxPKPLchFZu-02137-00496217-00496485 On the Origin of Species full-text at
DxPKPLchFZu-02138-00496487-00496870 wikisource of the first edition 1859 the
DxPKPLchFZu-02139-00496871-00497070 Origin of Species full text at
DxPKPLchFZu-02140-00497071-00497424 wikisource of the sixth edition 1872 the
DxPKPLchFZu-02141-00497425-00497734 Origin of Species podcast audiobook of
DxPKPLchFZu-02142-00497735-00498133 the sixth edition 1872 Charles Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-02143-00498134-00498550 bibliography history of biology history
DxPKPLchFZu-02144-00498551-00498847 of evolutionary thought history of
DxPKPLchFZu-02145-00498847-00499212 speciation modern evolutionary synthesis
DxPKPLchFZu-02146-00499213-00499480 the complete works of Charles Darwin
DxPKPLchFZu-02147-00499481-00499804 online The Descent of Man and selection
DxPKPLchFZu-02148-00499805-00500125 in relation to sex published in 1871 his
DxPKPLchFZu-02149-00500126-00500526 second major book on evolutionary theory
DxPKPLchFZu-02150-00500527-00500863 transmutation of species equals equals
DxPKPLchFZu-02151-00500864-00501100 notes