e4Bjuv_S6y0-00000-00002102-00002202 Good morning.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00001-00002202-00002314 Selamat sejahtera.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00002-00002314-00002500 How are you?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00003-00002500-00003243 It has been about 3, 4 weeks that we have not met.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00004-00003243-00003805 So I guess you have been very busy during the semester break to prepare for the test
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00005-00003805-00003933 rite?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00006-00003933-00004471 So our test will be on the 22nd.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00007-00004471-00005136 So we now go into the second topic which is on fat of oils.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00008-00005136-00006305 The technology of fats and oils with our focus on our own palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00009-00006305-00006483 We have not started this topic yet.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00010-00006483-00006583 Right?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00011-00006583-00006700 I mean in the class.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00012-00006700-00007213 But of coz we have started this on the enmodule.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00013-00007213-00007500 So the focus will be on our palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00014-00007500-00007852 Okay When we use the term palm oil it refers to
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00015-00007852-00008061 the oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00016-00008061-00008430 The oil from the oil palm.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00017-00008430-00008797 So the tree, the palm is called oil palm.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00018-00008797-00009136 The oil that we get from the oil palm is the palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00019-00009136-00009564 So do not get confuse when you use this term.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00020-00009564-00009970 Oil palm, palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00021-00009970-00010592 May I know how many of you live in or near the plantation?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00022-00010592-00010893 The oil palm plantation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00023-00010893-00011225 You live in or near the planation?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00024-00011225-00011325 Where?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00025-00011325-00011425 Pahang.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00026-00011425-00011975 There is a lot of oil palm plantation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00027-00011975-00012402 The rest?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00028-00012402-00012590 Someone said in enmodule.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00029-00012590-00012727 Azura.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00030-00012727-00013911 During my school days, I live near the planation, but I always go into the plantation to work.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00031-00013911-00014332 To help people working in the palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00032-00014332-00014560 To get some extra money.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00033-00014560-00015001 So oil palm is something that I am very familiar with.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00034-00015001-00015403 So there is also a factory there.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00035-00015403-00015612 An oil mill.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00036-00015612-00016088 So to process the oil palm to get the oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00037-00016088-00016437 So it has to go thru the extraction process.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00038-00016437-00017100 So the factory that does the extraction is called the oil mill.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00039-00017100-00017322 The mill.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00040-00017322-00017758 Then we have another factory to do the refining.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00041-00017758-00018259 So from the oil milling, extraction we get the crude oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00042-00018259-00018625 So the crude oil of cause contains a lot of things.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00043-00018625-00019287 I hope that you have watched the lectures that I have given you the links on the enmodule.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00044-00019287-00019834 So I would not go thru from the beginning.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00045-00019834-00020174 I would not be talking about the extraction part.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00046-00020174-00021048 Those you can get from the online lectures and further reading.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00047-00021048-00021879 Since we do not have much time, I would like to start straight away in the modification
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00048-00021879-00022019 of fat and oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00049-00022019-00022253 Straight into modification.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00050-00022253-00022909 The rest you can watch the online lectures that I have online.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00051-00022909-00023792 I think that is quite good, Gives you the essence of the extraction part.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00052-00023792-00024325 So in Malaysia, we have two types of factory.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00053-00024325-00024885 One is the oil mill to extract the oil and we get the crude palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00054-00024885-00025490 Then another factory is the palm oil refinery.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00055-00025490-00026620 I understand that one or two of you went for industrial training in the palm oil industry.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00056-00026620-00027602 Mong ling, Where is Mong Ling?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00057-00027602-00027881 Is it confectionary?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00058-00027881-00028156 Which factory?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00059-00028156-00028256 What factory?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00060-00028256-00028882 Kong Guan they use dairy creamer.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00061-00028882-00028982 Nondairy creamer.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00062-00028982-00029188 They use palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00063-00029188-00029824 They use palm oil in the form of hydrogenated palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00064-00029824-00030750 Do you know what is the specification for the hydrogenated palm oil they use in the
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00065-00030750-00030877 non-diary creamer?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00066-00030877-00031644 Do they reveal the spec to you?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00067-00031644-00032499 Not quite sure.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00068-00032499-00034015 So the fat and oil industry in Malaysia especially they use a lot of fat products from palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00069-00034015-00034766 Including Nestle, Nestle around the world is actually.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00070-00034766-00035462 They have been one of the biggest users of palm oil products.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00071-00035462-00037114 But now, because of the pressure from the consumer group and from various NGO, so they
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00072-00037114-00039191 use the environmental issue as one way to control the production of palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00073-00039191-00039536 From Malaysia and country especially like Indonesia.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00074-00039536-00040555 Maybe you have seen one or two YouTube about this campaign by the green NGOs, Those who
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00075-00040555-00041006 promote the environmental issue.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00076-00041006-00041681 They say our oil palm plantation destroy the tropical jungle.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00077-00041681-00042094 So it affects the environment.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00078-00042094-00042744 It contributes to the global warming and so on.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00079-00042744-00043590 To me, that is actually the agenda.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00080-00043590-00043913 Not so much because concern of the environment.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00081-00043913-00044956 But the economic agenda by developed countries to control the production of palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00082-00044956-00045143 But that is my opinion.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00083-00045143-00045722 So I have given you one assignment last night.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00084-00045722-00045966 So maybe you have a look.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00085-00045966-00046400 So that assignment is actually looking at this issue.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00086-00046400-00047033 How the various countries around the world now is especially developed countries, NGO's
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00087-00047033-00047630 and consumer groups now have impact on the production of palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00088-00047630-00048466 They try to come out with a lot of regulation to control the production of palm oil and
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00089-00048466-00049369 to control the creation of new plantation especially in Indonesia.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00090-00049369-00049975 Malaysia used to be the biggest palm oil producer.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00091-00049975-00050422 The biggest palm oil exporter.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00092-00050422-00051328 But Malaysia has been very generous, We transfer our technology know how to Indonesia and Indonesia
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00093-00051328-00052334 sees palm oil as one of the source of revenue or income for the country.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00094-00052334-00052863 Because they have the same weather.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00095-00052863-00053032 The same everything with Malaysia.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00096-00053032-00053608 But they have much, much bigger land area.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00097-00053608-00054257 So they started to plant the oil palm.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00098-00054257-00054630 And now they have acquire all the technology.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00099-00054630-00055709 But now in terms of land size, their plantation, I think they now have a bigger size.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00100-00055709-00055957 Bigger area plantation area compared to Malaysia.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00101-00055957-00056638 Now, they are already number one exporter and producer of palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00102-00056638-00057485 So this NGOS'S and some western countries say that Indonesia now is destroying their
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00103-00057485-00058008 jungle because they want to create a new plantation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00104-00058008-00058894 So in order to control this, they come out with a round table sort of agreement.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00105-00058894-00059178 That all the producer countries.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00106-00059178-00060101 Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Nigeria have to abide by this round table agreement.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00107-00060101-00060255 So I want you to read more.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00108-00060255-00060594 Because it is something that we need to be aware of.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00109-00060594-00060959 But this assignment is a simple one.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00110-00060959-00061294 I want you to do it in groups.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00111-00061294-00061427 In groups of 5.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00112-00061427-00061713 Choose your own members.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00113-00061713-00062924 But please have a good mix of girls, boys, Malays, Chinese and Indians.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00114-00062924-00063067 Okay.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00115-00063067-00063411 So let us make it fun.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00116-00063411-00064252 And rather than prepare this in normal power point presentation, because we already have
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00117-00064252-00064363 too much of PowerPoint.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00118-00064363-00064769 Let us give it a try by using prezi.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00119-00064769-00065080 How many of you are familiar with prezi??
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00120-00065080-00065180 No.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00121-00065180-00065326 Shen is familiar.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00122-00065326-00065426 Explore.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00123-00065426-00065816 You just Google, prezi and go to the website.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00124-00065816-00066419 It is a web based tool we can use to produce a presentation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00125-00066419-00067079 But, it is different from what we are used to PowerPoint.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00126-00067079-00067469 So take this opportunity to learn this new tool which you can use for your presentation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00127-00067469-00068080 I am sure if you learn prezi, and you find it quite interesting.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00128-00068080-00068292 Maybe you can use it for your final year presentation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00129-00068292-00068402 Rather than using PowerPoint.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00130-00068402-00068874 At least something different.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00131-00068874-00070124 Now, how many of you have not watched the lectures that I have online.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00132-00070124-00070930 I think I have 2 or 3 or 4 on this topic.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00133-00070930-00071061 4.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00134-00071061-00072105 Extraction of palm oil, refining part 1, refining part 2.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00135-00072105-00072404 And then the chemical reaction, right.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00136-00072404-00073355 The first one the extraction of palm oil, is the most popular video I have in my channel.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00137-00073355-00073455 I have my own channel.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00138-00073455-00073895 I have about 50 videos, lectures and so on.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00139-00073895-00074168 So that happened to be the most popular video.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00140-00074168-00074819 So I checked yesterday, maybe about 16000-17000 views.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00141-00074819-00075005 And I checked.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00142-00075005-00075406 Because if you have a channel on YouTube, you can check the analytics.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00143-00075406-00075768 So you can get details on how many views.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00144-00075768-00075874 Who viewed?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00145-00075874-00076000 Which country.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00146-00076000-00076327 So I found US actually has the most.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00147-00076327-00076869 So a large percentage of viewers actually come from the US.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00148-00076869-00076982 Second one Malaysia.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00149-00076982-00077538 Next is a few other countries and some European countries as well.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00150-00077538-00077688 I was surprised.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00151-00077688-00078625 Because I did not expect that people from US are interested in palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00152-00078625-00078954 But that is the fact.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00153-00078954-00079762 And, You know what, the video on extraction of palm oil, I get many questions.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00154-00079762-00080966 Of coz, not only question but also thank you email from students from many universities
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00155-00080966-00081112 around the world.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00156-00081112-00081956 Lecturers from some universities from the US, European universities and so on.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00157-00081956-00082655 But the best thing is I get one email from the consultant on palm oil from Vienna.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00158-00082655-00083029 Do you know where is Vienna?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00159-00083029-00083204 Somewhere in Europe, right?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00160-00083204-00083636 I receive this email and he asked me, have you received a chocolate that I have sent
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00161-00083636-00083843 you recently?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00162-00083843-00084245 At that time I have not received the chocolate.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00163-00084245-00084952 But he said, I sent you a chocolate recently because to show my appreciation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00164-00084952-00085126 Because I found your video.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00165-00085126-00085295 That one on the extraction of palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00166-00085295-00085711 Because I found your video and I find it very useful.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00167-00085711-00086391 And there is not much information on palm oil on the internet.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00168-00086391-00086542 Especially in that form.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00169-00086542-00086642 So he was very happy.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00170-00086642-00086785 He said it was very useful.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00171-00086785-00087049 He used that for his consultation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00172-00087049-00087220 And now he is writing a book.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00173-00087220-00087335 That was a few months ago.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00174-00087335-00087874 He is writing a book and wants to use the video as a reference.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00175-00087874-00088028 And he was very happy.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00176-00088028-00088595 And he sent me a chocolate as a show of his appreciation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00177-00088595-00089110 And he said I hope that the chocolate has not melted when you receive it.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00178-00089110-00089467 But true enough when I receive the chocolate it has already been melted.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00179-00089467-00089579 One block like that.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00180-00089579-00090093 Cannot be eaten.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00181-00090093-00090387 I hope all of you have watched that.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00182-00090387-00090877 Then after that you can do further reading.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00183-00090877-00092043 But now Shen and a few others have put some discussion there about trans-fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00184-00092043-00092640 Now we are talking about modification of fats and oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00185-00092640-00093012 I would not cover on extraction and refining.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00186-00093012-00093112 Everything is there.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00187-00093112-00093315 You can watch the video.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00188-00093315-00093566 And maybe you can read on your own.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00189-00093566-00094165 It is not that difficult to follow and to understand.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00190-00094165-00094557 Once we get the oil, we can do a few things.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00191-00094557-00094715 Just like starch.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00192-00094715-00094815 Native starch.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00193-00094815-00095635 Native starch has a lot of shortcomings in their properties, They cannot withstand high
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00194-00095635-00095735 shear.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00195-00095735-00095906 They cannot withstand low pH.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00196-00095906-00096124 They can breakdown easily.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00197-00096124-00096832 Similarly fats and oil also in the original form.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00198-00096832-00097419 If you want to produce different types of products from the oil, we need to do some
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00199-00097419-00097581 modification.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00200-00097581-00097845 For example from the liquid oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00201-00097845-00098196 From the liquid oil that we use normally for cooking.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00202-00098196-00098419 That is the frying oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00203-00098419-00099136 From the liquid oil we want to transform that into something else like for example margarine.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00204-00099136-00099418 So margarine is an example of solid fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00205-00099418-00099798 Liquid oil is a liquid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00206-00099798-00099915 So we call it oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00207-00099915-00100266 So margarine is a form of solid, so we call it fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00208-00100266-00101132 Basically they consist in terms of the composition, they consist of the same triglyceride composition.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00209-00101132-00101310 But one in the form of liquid oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00210-00101310-00101715 And another is in the form of solid fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00211-00101715-00102918 To transform from liquid oil into solid fat, we have to increase the solid fat content
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00212-00102918-00103101 of the oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00213-00103101-00103830 SO obviously the margarine will contain more solid fat compared to the oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00214-00103830-00104351 So we can measure a parameter called solid fat content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00215-00104351-00104464 SFC.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00216-00104464-00104693 Or solid fat index.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00217-00104693-00105934 Which is a measure of how much fat or oil in a form of solid at any given temperature.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00218-00105934-00106049 So margarine, for example.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00219-00106049-00106529 We take some sample and put in the instrument.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00220-00106529-00106629 For example in the anemar.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00221-00106629-00107103 And then we can measure the solid fat content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00222-00107103-00107572 So this is a standard test that the fat industry will do.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00223-00107572-00108251 So at any temperature, we can get the amount of solid fat in the product.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00224-00108251-00109074 So how to turn a liquid oil into a solid fat?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00225-00109074-00109540 What is the difference in terms of the liquid oil and the solid fat in terms of the degree
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00226-00109540-00110329 of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid in the oil or in the fat?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00227-00110329-00110793 Which one contains more saturated fatty acid?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00228-00110793-00111184 The margarine or the liquid oil?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00229-00111184-00111330 Margarine.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00230-00111330-00111476 Correct.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00231-00111476-00112517 So the more, the fat contains saturated fat or saturated fatty acid, the more is the solid
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00232-00112517-00112782 fat content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00233-00112782-00114117 So to convert unsaturated fatty acid in liquid oil into a saturated fatty acid, in margarine,
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00234-00114117-00114361 in the solid fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00235-00114361-00114970 We have to carry out a process call hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00236-00114970-00115304 Hydrogenation if you learn in organic chemistry.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00237-00115304-00116090 If you can recall what we learn in organic chemistry, there are different types of reaction.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00238-00116090-00116457 One is called addition.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00239-00116457-00117168 So we are adding two hydrogen atoms at the double bond.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00240-00117168-00117458 So it becomes saturated.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00241-00117458-00117970 So it is a simple reaction.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00242-00117970-00118715 We have the double bond there.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00243-00118715-00120120 So in the hydrogenation process, what we do is we add hydrogen 
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00244-00120120-00121265 in the form of gas using a catalyst like nickel at high temperature.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00245-00121265-00121953 So the hydrogen atom will add to the double bond.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00246-00121953-00122170 Double bond is unsaturated right.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00247-00122170-00122767 So from an unsaturated double bond it will become a saturated single bond.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00248-00122767-00123584 So basically we transform the unsaturated fatty acid in the oil to a saturated fatty
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00249-00123584-00123735 acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00250-00123735-00124902 So when we increase the amount of saturated fat or saturated fatty acid that will increase
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00251-00124902-00125455 the melting point.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00252-00125455-00125680 That will increase the melting point of the fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00253-00125680-00126323 And that will also increase the amount of the solid fat content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00254-00126323-00126974 So in order to produce margarine and other solid fat, the hydrogenation process is one
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00255-00126974-00127329 of the modification reactions.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00256-00127329-00128165 Modification type that we can use to increase the solid fat content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00257-00128165-00128935 And hydrogenation process has been very, very popular because it is relatively a very cheap
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00258-00128935-00129109 process in terms of cost.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00259-00129109-00129779 Very economical and very easy to control.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00260-00129779-00129995 Very easy to control.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00261-00129995-00130586 So if you want to increase the degree of unsaturated fat to a certain degree to get a certain fat
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00262-00130586-00130686 content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00263-00130686-00131178 So we can vary, we can change the parameters the temperature.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00264-00131178-00131602 We can increase the pressure and so on.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00265-00131602-00132191 So that we can get a certain degree of hydrogenation and therefore a certain degree of saturation
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00266-00132191-00132448 and solid fat content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00267-00132448-00133494 So, it has been very popular process to modify oil or fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00268-00133494-00133628 To increase the solid fat content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00269-00133628-00134699 But the problem with hydrogenation is that it will produce a side reaction and produce
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00270-00134699-00135308 one type of fatty acid called trans fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00271-00135308-00136101 So you know when you learn in the first year or second year, we have the cis and we have
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00272-00136101-00136201 the trans.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00273-00136201-00136364 So what is the problem with the trans fatty acid?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00274-00136364-00136983 Why the industry now is very concern and the consumer now is also very concern about trans
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00275-00136983-00137838 fatty acid in our food and in our fat?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00276-00137838-00138022 Carcinogenic.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00277-00138022-00138242 What is the issue?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00278-00138242-00138498 Is it carcinogenic?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00279-00138498-00139162 What is the issue with trans fatty acid?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00280-00139162-00139323 Why now it becomes a big issue.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00281-00139323-00139583 The consumer are very concern.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00282-00139583-00140072 They do not want any food contain in trans-fat or trans fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00283-00140072-00141059 And because of that the industry also now has been pressure to use fat that is trans
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00284-00141059-00141382 free.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00285-00141382-00141482 Trans free.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00286-00141482-00141736 Meaning free from trans fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00287-00141736-00141836 Why?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00288-00141836-00141951 Lee hoon.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00289-00141951-00143884 What is the problem with trans fatty acid in our food?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00290-00143884-00144560 Increase the LDL and can lead to cardiovascular disease.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00291-00144560-00145071 So in other words it is bad for health.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00292-00145071-00145635 And there is a lot of scientific evidence and research.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00293-00145635-00146528 Scientific evidence showing that trans-fat can really cause.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00294-00146528-00147139 Can increase the risk of cardio vascular disease.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00295-00147139-00147442 Heart problem and so on.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00296-00147442-00148489 Therefore now, the industries in the world which uses fat in the products and so on,
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00297-00148489-00149738 they are now looking for alternative oil or fat that is free from trans fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00298-00149738-00150430 This means the industry, the processes of fat and oil have now to find alternative to
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00299-00150430-00150794 hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00300-00150794-00150946 The problem with hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00301-00150946-00151903 If we do partial hydrogenation, partial can mean anywhere less than 100%.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00302-00151903-00152642 If you do partial hydrogenation, then inevitably you cannot avoid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00303-00152642-00153414 Some trans fatty acid will be produce.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00304-00153414-00154410 The aim in the industry, we want to produce, we want to carry out the hydrogenation process
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00305-00154410-00155114 so that the amount of trans fatty acid cannot exceed above maybe 5-8%.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00306-00155114-00155426 More than that is not acceptable.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00307-00155426-00156214 But then the normally hydrogenation process will produce more than that.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00308-00156214-00156695 But hydrogenation is very economical, very cheap and very easy to control.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00309-00156695-00157105 So the industry now has a challenge to find an alternative process.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00310-00157105-00157455 So I saw a question in the enmodule, someone asks.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00311-00157455-00157555 Farahana.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00312-00157555-00157663 Or who?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00313-00157663-00158347 So how do we change or what are the alternatives to hydrogenation then?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00314-00158347-00158629 Any idea.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00315-00158629-00159204 Maybe you have done your own reading.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00316-00159204-00159373 What can we do now?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00317-00159373-00160046 We do not want to use hydrogenation because hydrogenation can produce trans fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00318-00160046-00160198 But it is a cheap process.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00319-00160198-00160298 Economical.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00320-00160298-00160515 Easy to control.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00321-00160515-00160917 And the factory have been designed to use to do the hydrogenation process.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00322-00160917-00161384 So if you want to change the process to something else, it has to have the same criteria.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00323-00161384-00162086 It must be economical, it must easy to control It must produce high yield meaning that it
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00324-00162086-00162545 is easy to transform from unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00325-00162545-00163165 It will produce almost 0 trans fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00326-00163165-00163834 So what are the alternatives?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00327-00163834-00164079 Can we do full hydrogenation?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00328-00164079-00164395 What happen if you do full hydrogenation?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00329-00164395-00164610 100%?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00330-00164610-00165345 All the unsaturated fatty acid is converted to 100% saturated fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00331-00165345-00165502 So that is full hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00332-00165502-00165969 Do you think that we will get trans fatty acid?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00333-00165969-00166417 Actually that is one of the strategy that we can use.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00334-00166417-00167176 If you still want to use hydrogenation, we have to do full hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00335-00167176-00168217 Then you will get almost nil or very little trans fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00336-00168217-00168865 But if you do full hydrogenation then you cannot have control in terms of the amount
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00337-00168865-00169460 of solid fat you will get in your fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00338-00169460-00170015 You want to produce fat with a certain percentage of solid fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00339-00170015-00170991 But if you do full hydrogenation, maybe you would have exceeded that percentage.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00340-00170991-00171761 Because full hydrogenation will give you all saturated fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00341-00171761-00171978 So that is probably not a good option.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00342-00171978-00172333 So that is probably not a good option.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00343-00172333-00173635 In the industry, now, you can use a few strategies now to replace and substitute hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00344-00173635-00173899 One is called interesterification.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00345-00173899-00174096 Interesterification.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00346-00174096-00174807 Or we can use fractionation process.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00347-00174807-00175437 We can fractionate the fat into different section.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00348-00175437-00176288 Remember the fat or the oil is a mixture of 100 of different kind's triglycerides.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00349-00176288-00176822 And each of the triglycerides will have its own melting point.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00350-00176822-00177429 So, if we start from oil, If we start from liquid oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00351-00177429-00177533 And we cool the oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00352-00177533-00177649 And we reduce the temperature.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00353-00177649-00177862 So it is a cooling process.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00354-00177862-00178555 So we cool the oil from ambient temperature or maybe from some elevated temperature to
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00355-00178555-00179010 make sure that all the fat has been melted first.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00356-00179010-00179285 Then we reduce the temperature.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00357-00179285-00180080 When we reduce the temperature, some of the high melting point triglyceride will start
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00358-00180080-00180414 to crystallize.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00359-00180414-00180917 Then when we reduce the temperature further, another portion or another faction of fatty
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00360-00180917-00181277 acid will start to crystallize.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00361-00181277-00181896 Reduce the temperature father, another set or another portion of triglyceride with a
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00362-00181896-00182238 lower melting point will start to crystallize.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00363-00182238-00183205 So in this way, from one oil, palm oil, we can get many different faction.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00364-00183205-00183702 Each fraction will have their own melting point.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00365-00183702-00184866 And each fraction will have their own composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00366-00184866-00185300 Then after that, we can blend.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00367-00185300-00186207 We can blend the different fraction to get the final product with different, required
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00368-00186207-00186564 solid fat content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00369-00186564-00186812 So fractionation is been used widely now.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00370-00186812-00187701 In Malaysia, we have many factories that produce fractionated fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00371-00187701-00188873 The one that we use in non dairy creamer that is one of the fraction from the palm oil,
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00372-00188873-00189031 which we can use.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00373-00189031-00189280 It depends on what is the specification.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00374-00189280-00189897 The specification is usually based on the amount of saturated or unsaturated fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00375-00189897-00190475 And we can also use the, IV, iodine value.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00376-00190475-00191104 So the fractionated fat can be specified by their IV, iodine value.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00377-00191104-00192089 You learned in food analysis, iodine values IV is the measure of degree of unsaturation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00378-00192089-00192375 Right?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00379-00192375-00192888 In IMG 203, you should have learned this.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00380-00192888-00193349 Iodine value is measure of the degree of unsaturation of the fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00381-00193349-00194301 So, the least fractionated fat can be sold based on their iodine value which gives you
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00382-00194301-00194650 the measure of a different degree of unsaturation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00383-00194650-00194874 Okay.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00384-00194874-00195515 I have shared in enmodule, this article.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00385-00195515-00195809 Because I also know that nobody have shared this.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00386-00195809-00196083 Maybe you did not discover this.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00387-00196083-00196437 This is actually a very good article from Food Technology.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00388-00196437-00196902 You know the magazine food technology?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00389-00196902-00197636 The title is decreasing trans and saturated fatty acid content in food oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00390-00197636-00198763 Very, very comprehensive article which talk about soya bean and palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00391-00198763-00199245 This article was written by an American, obviously.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00392-00199245-00200543 So they cannot help it by comparing their own soya bean and our own palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00393-00200543-00201166 So maybe it is interesting and you would want to read how they compare and what did they
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00394-00201166-00201559 say about our palm oil?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00395-00201559-00201742 But our.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00396-00201742-00202608 Let us look at the middle here.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00397-00202608-00203339 Just two fat and oils dominate and dictate oil processing worldwide, and any discussion
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00398-00203339-00204113 of strategies to reduce trans and saturated acids in the food supply must focus on soybean
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00399-00204113-00204485 and palm oils.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00400-00204485-00204585 So the production of oil, anything?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00401-00204585-00206446 The production of oil, the edible oil around the world only focus on two main type of oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00402-00206446-00206933 The soybean and palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00403-00206933-00207110 So there is still a debated.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00404-00207110-00207721 There is still a debate, which one is better.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00405-00207721-00207960 Soya bean or palm oil?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00406-00207960-00208831 Of coz some of the videos which some of you shared on enmodule, those are the promotional
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00407-00208831-00209171 video from our own palm oil board.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00408-00209171-00209394 Previously it was PORIN.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00409-00209394-00209719 Now it is MPOB, Malaysian palm oil board.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00410-00209719-00210492 Malaysian palm oil board has their own promotion body.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00411-00210492-00210831 They call it the Malaysian palm oil council.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00412-00210831-00211573 They are responsible to promote and publicize and market our own palm oil overseas, outside
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00413-00211573-00211700 Malaysia.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00414-00211700-00211961 So those videos are actually from us.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00415-00211961-00212061 So of coz.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00416-00212061-00212527 It will say everything good about our palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00417-00212527-00212686 But in actual fact, yes.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00418-00212686-00213621 Because science facts cannot lie.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00419-00213621-00213928 When we compare soya bean and palm oil, it is interesting.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00420-00213928-00214241 Maybe you want to do more on the comparison here.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00421-00214241-00214414 Because later you can argue.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00422-00214414-00215078 When people ask you which one is better, our palm oil or their soya bean.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00423-00215078-00215236 In terms of the composition of.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00424-00215236-00215834 First, when we talk about fat and oil, we always look at the composition of saturated
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00425-00215834-00216177 fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00426-00216177-00216566 Generally we say saturated fatty acid is not good.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00427-00216566-00217069 Unsaturated fatty acid is good.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00428-00217069-00217500 Palm oil contains about 50-50.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00429-00217500-00217698 Saturated and unsaturated.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00430-00217698-00218110 Soya bean contains slightly more unsaturated fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00431-00218110-00218815 So the first point, maybe our palm oil in terms of unsaturated fatty acid, we lose on
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00432-00218815-00218915 that.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00433-00218915-00219344 But, having more saturated fatty acid has its advantage.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00434-00219344-00219444 Remember why we do hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00435-00219444-00219544 We want to increase the saturated fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00436-00219544-00220994 Why do we want to increase the saturated fatty acid?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00437-00220994-00222857 We want to increase the solid fat content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00438-00222857-00222957 So that we can produce products like margarine.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00439-00222957-00223057 But because in palm oil it is already 50% saturated fatty acid, we do not really need
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00440-00223057-00223157 to do much hydrogenation to increase the saturated fatty acid to something higher.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00441-00223157-00223791 But soya bean, the amount of saturated fatty acid can be around what?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00442-00223791-00223942 About 40%.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00443-00223942-00224042 Yeah.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00444-00224042-00224556 So you need to do more hydrogenation to increase the solid fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00445-00224556-00224912 To increase the saturated fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00446-00224912-00225359 More hydrogenation means more trans-fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00447-00225359-00226073 So on that count, on that point, our palm oil wins.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00448-00226073-00226173 What else?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00449-00226173-00226407 So maybe you want to read more.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00450-00226407-00226898 Soya bean vs. palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00451-00226898-00227078 That would be an interesting question.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00452-00227078-00227538 Soya bean vs. palm oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00453-00227538-00227867 Which one is better?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00454-00227867-00228040 Argue.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00455-00228040-00228758 What we want to focus now is this.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00456-00228758-00228890 Especially in this two oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00457-00228890-00229656 The trans and saturated fatty acid content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00458-00229656-00229836 And let us look at this table.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00459-00229836-00229936 Interesting.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00460-00229936-00230678 I do not have time to put it in the slide, So I hope that you can see it clearly.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00461-00230678-00230951 Can you see at the back?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00462-00230951-00231602 Maybe I can make it bigger a bit.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00463-00231602-00232309 Can you see?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00464-00232309-00232507 Trans and saturated fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00465-00232507-00232946 This one is consumption.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00466-00232946-00233056 Consumption.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00467-00233056-00233385 So, billion pounds.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00468-00233385-00233716 So look at the soya bean.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00469-00233716-00233938 SO this is the products of soya bean.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00470-00233938-00234311 So this is the palm kernel oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00471-00234311-00234956 So I hope by now that you know the difference between palm oil and palm kernel oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00472-00234956-00235317 The palm kernel is form they white portion of the kernel.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00473-00235317-00236123 The palm oil so form the outer portion.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00474-00236123-00237221 So you can see consumption in terms of the United States from 2001 to 2002.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00475-00237221-00238054 There are more trans in the soya bean.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00476-00238054-00238264 Right?
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00477-00238264-00238523 So we look at the facts.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00478-00238523-00238706 We look at the facts.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00479-00238706-00239217 This are the facts.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00480-00239217-00239471 Because in order to produce that products like spread.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00481-00239471-00239588 Spread is solid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00482-00239588-00239771 Spreads are plastic fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00483-00239771-00240044 We call it plastic fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00484-00240044-00240184 Plastic fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00485-00240184-00240858 So, soya bean needs to be hydrogenated to increase the solid fat content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00486-00240858-00241176 And there are some trans-fat there.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00487-00241176-00241944 This is before the industry start to develop process to replace hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00488-00241944-00242461 But our palm oil, there is no trans-fat there.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00489-00242461-00243001 Cotton oil, canola oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00490-00243001-00243758 Canola oil now is also one of the oil now which has been promoted as healthy oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00491-00243758-00243987 Canola oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00492-00243987-00244894 So I hope you download this paper from enmodule and please make your own summary.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00493-00244894-00245125 But some of the important points here.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00494-00245125-00246321 Low trans products are defined as arbitrarily those having five percent or less.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00495-00246321-00247082 The normal hydrogenation process, prices 8% or more.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00496-00247082-00247546 So they are not acceptable to be defined under this category.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00497-00247546-00248317 The normal hydrogenation process will produce 8% or higher.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00498-00248317-00249215 Even actually full hydrogenation, technically or theoretically will not produce trans fatty
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00499-00249215-00249339 acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00500-00249339-00249464 0%.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00501-00249464-00250617 But then, somehow, sometimes even full hydrogenation can produce around 1% of fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00502-00250617-00251053 So there are still not exactly trans free.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00503-00251053-00252062 So that is why, we have defined 0 trans not 0% trans fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00504-00252062-00253609 Because it is not impossible but is very, very difficult to achieve 0 trans.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00505-00253609-00254151 If they define 0 trans as 0% trans fatty acid then it is going to be very difficult for
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00506-00254151-00254589 the industry to achieve that limit.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00507-00254589-00255396 In the product, even like Nestle and so on, and they claim on the label is 0 trans, Technically
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00508-00255396-00255555 it still contains 1-2%.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00509-00255555-00255760 It is not zero.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00510-00255760-00256190 But it is acceptable because the definition has been accepted.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00511-00256190-00256606 0 trans mean that it still contains 1-2%.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00512-00256606-00256909 But the normal consumer does not know that.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00513-00256909-00257404 They just feel 0 trans is good.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00514-00257404-00257504 Okay.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00515-00257504-00257678 So if we do not know then we do not know.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00516-00257678-00259715 But the role of food technologist, we have all this information to read.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00517-00259715-00260002 This table is also very interesting.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00518-00260002-00260185 Properties of.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00519-00260185-00260602 This is soya bean oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00520-00260602-00260873 Partially hydrogenated.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00521-00260873-00261909 When we do partial, so, almost guarantee we will get trans fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00522-00261909-00262715 Look at the original soya bean.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00523-00262715-00262986 Original before modification.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00524-00262986-00263360 Before hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00525-00263360-00263597 That is really trans free.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00526-00263597-00264784 But once you start to process, once you start to do the hydrogenation, you get different
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00527-00264784-00265217 amount of.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00528-00265217-00266427 Original soya bean.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00529-00266427-00266530 Hydrogenated soya bean.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00530-00266530-00266885 We have about 8.7.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00531-00266885-00267272 The lowest is maybe around 8% or more.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00532-00267272-00267648 Than you can get as high as 30%.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00533-00267648-00267785 Okay.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00534-00267785-00268401 And this is in solid fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00535-00268401-00268578 You see.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00536-00268578-00268908 Margarine, stearin.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00537-00268908-00269244 Stearin is a solid fraction.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00538-00269244-00269517 Very high.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00539-00269517-00270416 And you see the melting point is also very high.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00540-00270416-00271024 And that is the solid fat content at different temperature.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00541-00271024-00271592 And that is the composition of the fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00542-00271592-00272099 You can read this table and you can try to relate the composition.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00543-00272099-00272893 The melting point and the solid fat content.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00544-00272893-00274117 Now, I want you to focus on this part.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00545-00274117-00274650 Strategies to reduce trans acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00546-00274650-00274898 Tran's fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00547-00274898-00275238 One is interesterification.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00548-00275238-00276491 Another one is fractionation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00549-00276491-00277203 That two is the most popular process as an alternative to hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00550-00277203-00277995 And there are more references down there.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00551-00277995-00278358 If you want to get more information's.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00552-00278358-00278773 So I would like to see some discussion on this article.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00553-00278773-00279494 Well maybe you can summarize what you understand based on the different approaches and strategies
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00554-00279494-00280033 that the industries can use to replace.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00555-00280033-00280759 Or as an alternative to hydrogenation to produce trans free fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00556-00280759-00281229 But remember the trans free in this case is not exactly 0%.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00557-00281229-00281554 Unless if we start from the oil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00558-00281554-00281929 The you can probably get almost nil.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00559-00281929-00282388 So I think we stop here.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00560-00282388-00282639 Yeah.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00561-00282639-00283141 Phaik Hoon.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00562-00283141-00283392 Yeah.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00563-00283392-00283894 Sorry again.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00564-00283894-00284140 The higher the degree of hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00565-00284140-00285292 Generally yes.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00566-00285292-00288226 There is a point when we increase the degree of hydrogenation where the production of trans
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00567-00288226-00288450 fatty acid will reduce substainly, significantly.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00568-00288450-00289847 I think there is one slide, maybe after our test, when we continue, not in the slide yet.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00569-00289847-00290729 But I will show you the trend during the hydrogenation process and the relationship between the degree
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00570-00290729-00291169 of hydrogenation with the production trans fatty acid.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00571-00291169-00291452 There is a point, always.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00572-00291452-00291685 Actually in most chemical reaction.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00573-00291685-00291869 There is always a point where we reach the maximum.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00574-00291869-00293161 The it will start to drop significant to a very, very low level.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00575-00293161-00293317 The mechanism.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00576-00293317-00294054 A lot of research why suddenly the trans fatty acid production is reduced when you increase
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00577-00294054-00294399 the degree of saturation when you increase the degree of hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00578-00294399-00294539 It is complicated.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00579-00294539-00295292 We are not bothered about the mechanism.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00580-00295292-00296094 As technologist, what we need to understand, when we increase the degree of hydrogenation,
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00581-00296094-00296645 there is a point where it will reach the maximum and after that the production of trans fatty
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00582-00296645-00297096 acid will reduce as we increase the degree of hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00583-00297096-00298115 That is why where we go to full hydrogenation, then the level of trans fatty acid production
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00584-00298115-00298501 will be reduced sustainably.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00585-00298501-00299377 But in terms of control of solid fat content we want to achieve; it is not very flexible,
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00586-00299377-00299728 Because when you go to full hydrogenation.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00587-00299728-00300405 You cannot stop at any point where you want to get a certain degree of solid fat.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00588-00300405-00301023 So it is not very flexible.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00589-00301023-00301145 Okay.
e4Bjuv_S6y0-00590-00301145-00301505 Maybe we continue in the next lecture.
e7JhGhiwejU-00000-00000509-00001022 SOLIDWORKS Simulation meshes come in three types: solid, shell, and beam.
e7JhGhiwejU-00001-00001080-00001428 Each mesh type has a specific use, and we will explore these in detail.
e7JhGhiwejU-00002-00001612-00001989 Solid mesh elements are tetrahedral in shape and have ten nodes for high quality,
e7JhGhiwejU-00003-00001989-00002186 and four nodes for draft quality.
e7JhGhiwejU-00004-00002252-00002830 Solid elements are best used with bulky geometry: geometry that has similar length, width, and height.
e7JhGhiwejU-00005-00002898-00003142 Think of a block of a casting or a machined part.
e7JhGhiwejU-00006-00003142-00003547 The solid element is represented by a block in the simulation tree.
e7JhGhiwejU-00007-00003676-00003992 A shell mesh element is triangle in shape with no thickness.
e7JhGhiwejU-00008-00004011-00004482 High-quality shell elements have six nodes, and draft-quality shell elements have three nodes.
e7JhGhiwejU-00009-00004578-00004954 The thickness to the elements is assigned by the user and considered virtual.
e7JhGhiwejU-00010-00005034-00005294 Shell elements are best used for thin geometry,
e7JhGhiwejU-00011-00005294-00005741 geometry that has large length and width in comparison to its thickness.
e7JhGhiwejU-00012-00005790-00006222 Used for sheet metal, composites, and any other thin parts.
e7JhGhiwejU-00013-00006262-00006509 The user can create a shell mesh three different ways:
e7JhGhiwejU-00014-00006700-00006892 creating a mid-surface in the model,
e7JhGhiwejU-00015-00007194-00007458 defining the shell by selecting the face of the geometry,
e7JhGhiwejU-00016-00008308-00008500 or by analyzing sheet metal.
e7JhGhiwejU-00017-00009198-00009714 In the simulation feature tree, a shell is represented by a surface icon created with a mid-surface,
e7JhGhiwejU-00018-00009714-00009860 or defined by selected faces,
e7JhGhiwejU-00019-00009898-00010182 a bent icon when sheet metal is being meshed.
e7JhGhiwejU-00020-00010468-00010716 Beam elements are specific to weldment features.
e7JhGhiwejU-00021-00010780-00011042 Of course, they have constant cross- section like an I-beam or two-beam.
e7JhGhiwejU-00022-00011128-00011638 Beam meshes place nodes along the neutral axis of the beam and are represented by the profile of the part
e7JhGhiwejU-00023-00011638-00011752 or cylinders.
e7JhGhiwejU-00024-00011802-00012024 Beams are held together using joints,
e7JhGhiwejU-00025-00012024-00012414 indicators of nodes that connect the beam elements to one another.
e7JhGhiwejU-00026-00012416-00012680 Beam meshes provide beam-specific results,
e7JhGhiwejU-00027-00012706-00013036 including sheer stress, axial stress, and bending.
e7JhGhiwejU-00028-00013084-00013447 A beam mesh is indicated by an I-beam icon in the simulation tree.
e7JhGhiwejU-00029-00013734-00014216 Solid, shell, and beam mesh types round out SOLIDWORKS Simulation's various mesh capabilities.
e7JhGhiwejU-00030-00014252-00014586 The user can use any one of these three mesh types independently,
e7JhGhiwejU-00031-00014712-00014936 or in conjunction with each other in a mixed mesh.
e7JhGhiwejU-00032-00014997-00015144 In the next video in this series,
e7JhGhiwejU-00033-00015144-00015556 we will learn how to combine all three mesh elements together in a mixed mesh.
e9AGr8nDJek-00000-00000212-00000468 Charles Chaplin...
e9AGr8nDJek-00001-00000468-00000707 I enjoy since I was a kid.
e9AGr8nDJek-00002-00000707-00001018 The silent film... his mother was a great woman
e9AGr8nDJek-00003-00001018-00001305 of entertainment...
e9AGr8nDJek-00004-00001305-00001531 and he never was ashamed of her.
e9AGr8nDJek-00005-00001531-00002331 To me, he is the 'king of cane'.
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00000-00000010-00000063 CELEBRATION CONTINUES THROUGH
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00001-00000063-00000070 CELEBRATION CONTINUES THROUGH  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00002-00000070-00000130 CELEBRATION CONTINUES THROUGH AUGUST 1st WITH THE FACES OF
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00003-00000130-00000136 CELEBRATION CONTINUES THROUGH AUGUST 1st WITH THE FACES OF  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00004-00000136-00000213 CELEBRATION CONTINUES THROUGH AUGUST 1st WITH THE FACES OF MINNESOTA EXHIBIT AT THE
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00005-00000213-00000220 AUGUST 1st WITH THE FACES OF MINNESOTA EXHIBIT AT THE  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00006-00000220-00000290 AUGUST 1st WITH THE FACES OF MINNESOTA EXHIBIT AT THE WATERMARK ART GALLERY AND DUNN
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00007-00000290-00000296 MINNESOTA EXHIBIT AT THE WATERMARK ART GALLERY AND DUNN  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00008-00000296-00000390 MINNESOTA EXHIBIT AT THE WATERMARK ART GALLERY AND DUNN BROTHERS.
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00009-00000390-00000397 WATERMARK ART GALLERY AND DUNN BROTHERS.  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00010-00000397-00000510 WATERMARK ART GALLERY AND DUNN BROTHERS. >>> 29 TEAMS WILL RELAY FOR LIFE
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00011-00000510-00000517 BROTHERS. >>> 29 TEAMS WILL RELAY FOR LIFE  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00012-00000517-00000620 BROTHERS. >>> 29 TEAMS WILL RELAY FOR LIFE THIS WEEKEND AT THE SANFORD
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00013-00000620-00000627 >>> 29 TEAMS WILL RELAY FOR LIFE THIS WEEKEND AT THE SANFORD  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00014-00000627-00000724 >>> 29 TEAMS WILL RELAY FOR LIFE THIS WEEKEND AT THE SANFORD CENTER IN BEMIDJI.
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00015-00000724-00000730 THIS WEEKEND AT THE SANFORD CENTER IN BEMIDJI.  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00016-00000730-00000840 THIS WEEKEND AT THE SANFORD CENTER IN BEMIDJI. TEAMS AND ORGANIZERS WERE BUSY
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00017-00000840-00000847 CENTER IN BEMIDJI. TEAMS AND ORGANIZERS WERE BUSY  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00018-00000847-00000964 CENTER IN BEMIDJI. TEAMS AND ORGANIZERS WERE BUSY PREPARING THE EVENT CENTER FOR
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00019-00000964-00000970 TEAMS AND ORGANIZERS WERE BUSY PREPARING THE EVENT CENTER FOR  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00020-00000970-00001097 TEAMS AND ORGANIZERS WERE BUSY PREPARING THE EVENT CENTER FOR THE RELAY FOR LIFE EVENT.
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00021-00001097-00001104 PREPARING THE EVENT CENTER FOR THE RELAY FOR LIFE EVENT.  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00022-00001104-00001227 PREPARING THE EVENT CENTER FOR THE RELAY FOR LIFE EVENT. THE RELAY WILL HOST A VARIETY OF
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00023-00001227-00001234 THE RELAY FOR LIFE EVENT. THE RELAY WILL HOST A VARIETY OF  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00024-00001234-00001404 THE RELAY FOR LIFE EVENT. THE RELAY WILL HOST A VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES THROUGHOUT THE DAY,
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00025-00001404-00001411 THE RELAY WILL HOST A VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES THROUGHOUT THE DAY,  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00026-00001411-00001544 THE RELAY WILL HOST A VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES THROUGHOUT THE DAY, ALL IN AN EFFORT TO RAISE MONEY
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00027-00001544-00001551 ACTIVITIES THROUGHOUT THE DAY, ALL IN AN EFFORT TO RAISE MONEY  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00028-00001551-00001755 ACTIVITIES THROUGHOUT THE DAY, ALL IN AN EFFORT TO RAISE MONEY FOR THE AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY.
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00029-00001755-00001761 ALL IN AN EFFORT TO RAISE MONEY FOR THE AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY.  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00030-00001761-00001901 ALL IN AN EFFORT TO RAISE MONEY FOR THE AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY. ORGANIZERS SAY THE EVENT IS OPEN
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00031-00001901-00001908 FOR THE AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY. ORGANIZERS SAY THE EVENT IS OPEN  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00032-00001908-00002288 FOR THE AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY. ORGANIZERS SAY THE EVENT IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC AND IT OFFERS
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00033-00002288-00002295 ORGANIZERS SAY THE EVENT IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC AND IT OFFERS  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00034-00002295-00002422 ORGANIZERS SAY THE EVENT IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC AND IT OFFERS SOMETHING FOR JUST ABOUT
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00035-00002422-00002429 TO THE PUBLIC AND IT OFFERS SOMETHING FOR JUST ABOUT  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00036-00002429-00002519 TO THE PUBLIC AND IT OFFERS SOMETHING FOR JUST ABOUT EVERYONE.
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00037-00002519-00002525 SOMETHING FOR JUST ABOUT EVERYONE.  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00038-00002525-00002622 SOMETHING FOR JUST ABOUT EVERYONE. >> WE'VE JUST BEEN TRYING TO
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00039-00002622-00002629 EVERYONE. >> WE'VE JUST BEEN TRYING TO  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00040-00002629-00002769 EVERYONE. >> WE'VE JUST BEEN TRYING TO COME UP WITH DIFFERENT THINGS TO
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00041-00002769-00002776 >> WE'VE JUST BEEN TRYING TO COME UP WITH DIFFERENT THINGS TO  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00042-00002776-00003046 >> WE'VE JUST BEEN TRYING TO COME UP WITH DIFFERENT THINGS TO PULL PEOPLE IN, DIFFERENT AGE
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00043-00003046-00003053 COME UP WITH DIFFERENT THINGS TO PULL PEOPLE IN, DIFFERENT AGE  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00044-00003053-00003246 COME UP WITH DIFFERENT THINGS TO PULL PEOPLE IN, DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS, TRYING TO GET YOUTH
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00045-00003246-00003253 PULL PEOPLE IN, DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS, TRYING TO GET YOUTH  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00046-00003253-00003353 PULL PEOPLE IN, DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS, TRYING TO GET YOUTH INVOLVED MORE.
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00047-00003353-00003360 GROUPS, TRYING TO GET YOUTH INVOLVED MORE.  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00048-00003360-00003620 GROUPS, TRYING TO GET YOUTH INVOLVED MORE. >>Josh:  THIS YEAR'S ORGANIZERS
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00049-00003620-00003626 INVOLVED MORE. >>Josh:  THIS YEAR'S ORGANIZERS  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00050-00003626-00003743 INVOLVED MORE. >>Josh:  THIS YEAR'S ORGANIZERS HOPE TO RAISE OVER $101,000.
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00051-00003743-00003750 >>Josh:  THIS YEAR'S ORGANIZERS HOPE TO RAISE OVER $101,000.  
e9Ew5uIMDdE-00052-00003750-00003813 >>Josh:  THIS YEAR'S ORGANIZERS HOPE TO RAISE OVER $101,000. THE BELTRAMI COUNTY RELAY FOR
ex0F2X1MBac-00000-00000000-00000200 subscribe my channel
exgumHk1ba0-00000-00000000-00000244 crystallization of copper(II) Sulfate
exgumHk1ba0-00001-00000292-00000598 Mechanical disaggregation
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exgumHk1ba0-00003-00002750-00003002 Filtration
exlOIu_CT3Y-00000-00001984-00002984 do
exlOIu_CT3Y-00001-00003344-00004384 so
exlOIu_CT3Y-00002-00005432-00005440 you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00000-00000016-00000552 Today we're going to talk about cancelling uh spells canceling curses and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00001-00000648-00001184 we're we are going to pray I believe that there is a specific assignment that God has for you and the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00002-00001184-00001823 ministers today uh for me and the ministers today to bring freedom into your life and we're going to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00003-00001880-00002952 look at at specific specific curses specifically cast curses or spells and how to recognize them
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00004-00002952-00003472 that they uh that are operating in your life and how to most importantly how to defeat them
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00005-00003552-00003992 our key verse for today would be from Galatians chapter 3 verses 13 it says this the Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00006-00003992-00004656 redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us for it for it is written cursed is
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00007-00004656-00005744 everyone who hangs on the tree so Jesus has become a curse he has taken our curse upon himself on the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00008-00005744-00006631 cross so today you and I can live a life without a curse without that dark cloud hanging over us
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00009-00006631-00007231 without that force that consists constantly consistently pulls us back anytime we take
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00010-00007231-00007848 a step forward it pulls us two steps back if you feel like that's your life if you feel like that's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00011-00007920-00008400 what you're experiencing in certain in certain areas in your life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00012-00008544-00008944 then today this service is for you today we're going to be praying for it we're going to pray and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00013-00008944-00009368 be praying against it you're going to learn how to spot it you're going to learn how to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00014-00009424-00009912 come against it and cancel it and how to defeat it so that you can live a life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00015-00009912-00010672 full of purpose that God has for you and if you want that say or type in the chat I receive
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00016-00010920-00010970 all right
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00017-00011288-00011904 canceling curses or canceling spells first of all and I talked about it about a month
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00018-00011904-00012808 ago or so in this uh in uh in more of a detailed fashion uh but today i'm just gonna go through uh
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00019-00012808-00013728 sources of curses or spells uh that we see in the bible and this will help us to form a foundation
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00020-00013728-00014304 and understanding and recognize the source of a curse in our life or a spell in our life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00021-00014304-00014928 that we can come against and break it in Jesus name in the bible we'll see we see there is
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00022-00015216-00016144 five different ways a curse can be pronounced or five different sources of curse number one himself
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00023-00016144-00016824 you might be surprised is that God himself God himself pronounced the curse we see that multiple
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00024-00016824-00017344 times in the bible where God cursed it we see right away from the book of genesis where God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00025-00017344-00017840 cursed to mankind he cursed the land that he was going to be laboring he encouraged a woman
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00026-00017896-00018536 that she will produce or she will give birth in pain yes this was actually that's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00027-00018536-00019328 actually a the fact what's happening today in the world a a painful birth is a result of a curse
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00028-00019328-00019880 when God created man and a woman when he created us to reproduce God never created anything to be
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00029-00019880-00020408 with pain and sorrow but pain and sorrow and death came as a result of a curse and we see
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00030-00020408-00021224 in the bible first source of a curse is God himself in the other instance we see God um
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00031-00021432-00021512 God cursing
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00032-00021768-00022896 God pronouncing the curse is against those people that curse or um those people that curse excuse me
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00033-00023040-00023360 those people that curse abraham and his descendants curse israel
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00034-00023360-00023592 it's recorded in genesis chapter um
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00035-00023800-00024800 12 verses 3 and deuteronomy chapter 27 verses 15 through 26 pretty much anti-semitism God there
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00036-00024800-00025496 is a curse that God pronounced there is a promise that God gave to abraham and at the same time as a
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00037-00025496-00026176 curse attached to it that he who blesses you will be blessed and he who curses you will be cursed
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00038-00026176-00027160 so we see that number one source of curses of pronounced curses or cast curses our God himself
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00039-00027424-00028064 the second thing that we see in the bible is men of God pronounced curses oh sent curses
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00040-00028064-00028816 we see in the instance of jacob regarding his wife rachel when he escaped
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00041-00029032-00029656 when he escaped when he escaped rachel's house richard's father's house
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00042-00029856-00030439 and it's recorded in joshua sorry my bad looked the wrong notes
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00043-00030600-00031256 joshua man of God that cursed men of God that that sent curse we see one
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00044-00032239-00032928 all right sorry we experienced a slight technical difficulty so let's start let's start this again
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00045-00033072-00033752 the second way a cast curse or a pronounced curse can be done is um through a man of God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00046-00033752-00034424 we see that in the bible multiple uh occasions we see joshua he cursed jericho he said anybody that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00047-00034424-00034928 rebuilds this jericho will rebuild it with his first born the walls uh will be
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00048-00034928-00035472 laid with his firstborn in the foundation and his second born in with the when the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00049-00035472-00035936 gates will be established and we see some years hundreds of years later thank you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00050-00036280-00037176 and we see hundreds of years later that curse comes to fruition when when jericho is rebuilt
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00051-00037176-00037696 we see that when the foundation of the walls were set that his fir firstborn died and then
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00052-00037800-00038632 when the gates were set his second born died we see elijah uh cursed in uh elisha cursed uh
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00053-00038632-00039304 prophet elijah cursed in gerhazi in king's second kings chapter 5 26-27 we see in the bible Jesus
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00054-00039304-00039896 cursed the fig tree and it withered and died and happened quick and it happened supernaturally so
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00055-00039896-00040656 we see that a man of God or those those that are in authority those that God said in authority also
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00056-00040656-00041464 have an ability or have an authority to pronounce a curse or send a curse the third thing that um
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00057-00041656-00042256 we see in the bible is curses were sent or pronounced by a person in authority
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00058-00042384-00043192 persons uh persons in authority meaning parents over the children uh we see that in in the case
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00059-00043192-00043824 of noah he cursed his uh his son when he made when he saw him naked and instead of covering him
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00060-00043912-00044808 he uh exposed this nakedness and bible says he was cursed we see many instances in the bible
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00061-00044808-00045744 uh when when authority cursed a subordinate and um and they were they were cursed and that's a third
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00062-00045744-00046728 way uh a a curse can be received or cast our curse can be cast we also see in the bible where there's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00063-00046792-00047536 self-imposed curses this is where when we curse ourselves when we cast curse on ourselves by
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00064-00047624-00048184 speaking negative things into our life like oh i'm stupid i'm nobody I don't amount to anything
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00065-00048184-00048752 oh I wish I died uh and things of this nature when we speak those things we have to understand bible
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00066-00048752-00049568 clearly makes it uh black and white in the bible that whatever we say has weight and has meaning
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00067-00049568-00050064 and bible says that our the life and death is in the power of our mouth and so when we continue
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00068-00050064-00050720 to speak negative things over our life um we pronounce we curse our life now often we think
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00069-00050720-00051255 of of a spell of or a curse is that we have to do some kind of a ritual we have to pronounce some
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00070-00051255-00051984 kind of uh uh interesting sounds that we don't uh we don't know or some kind of occultic occultic
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00071-00051984-00052632 ritual but it's not always the case so yes that's that also can bring a curse over our life but
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00072-00052712-00053736 by just speaking negative things over ourselves we can see we we can cast a curse or spell
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00073-00053736-00054408 over our life and i'll give you more examples of uh of of these things as we're going to be dealing
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00074-00054408-00054864 how to how so we're going to be talking about how to deal with these things we see that when
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00075-00054936-00055736 jewish people when they were betraying Jesus by by handing him over to a pilot and then when pilate
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00076-00055736-00056391 wanted to release Jesus because he found no fault in him the jews though at that time they begin
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00077-00056391-00057216 to scream and cry out and they begin to um say crucify him and that his blood will be upon us and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00078-00057288-00057976 and our children and we see that this is exactly what happened jewish people even though God meant
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00079-00057976-00058728 for them to be a blessing he blessed them but they themselves took on the curse willingly and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00080-00058728-00059296 we see what happened with the nation of israel for many many many years hundreds of years
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00081-00059472-00060224 after Jesus died we see that jerusalem was taken over we see that the nation israel didn't exist
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00082-00060224-00060528 as a nation of israel for hundreds and hundreds of years until
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00083-00060584-00061279 last sanctuary that uh israel came back together according to the prophecies and uh it became a
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00084-00061279-00061848 nation so even though God intends a blessing for you even though in Christ we are blessed through
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00085-00061848-00062376 the cross but if we don't watch what we say if we don't watch what we speak over ourselves
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00086-00062464-00062816 over other people especially those of us in authority like parents
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00087-00063016-00063567 even though God has intention of blessing us but he will not work against our will he will
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00088-00063567-00064272 not work against our own speech and our own mouth if we speak negative and if we curse our own life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00089-00064400-00065224 so that's our that's self-imposed curses or self-cast curses and the last one
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00090-00065304-00065808 is and I think this is where people are most familiar with because you will see it in hollywood
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00091-00065808-00066448 in the movies and and uh there are people uh witches and warlocks and which doctors that you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00092-00066448-00067408 can go and you can cast a spell or they can cast a spell for you or they themselves cast a spell
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00093-00067408-00068320 on somebody now we see that balaam went he was balaam who was a prophet he was
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00094-00068432-00069184 hired to come in in numbers 22 verses 4-6 he was hired to come and curse israel while israel was
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00095-00069280-00069840 traveling in the desert when they left egypt was going to the promised land and we see that balaam
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00096-00070024-00070760 was hired to do to to do the wicked job to curse israel but he realized that he could not do it
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00097-00070856-00071496 and so he coached the king how to open the door for the curse in their life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00098-00071552-00072184 and so with this I want to say that in proverbs 26 2 says that undeserved curses
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00099-00072312-00072696 if somebody tries to curse us whether it's a doctor uh which doctor whether
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00100-00072696-00073128 whether it's some kind of witch warlock whether it's even a person in authority
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00101-00073248-00074048 or even a man of God if they try to curse us and it's an undeserved curse meaning that we have not
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00102-00074048-00074720 done nothing to provoke it we have not caused pain there is no reason for that curse bible says that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00103-00074720-00075568 that curse according to proverbs chapter 26 verse 2 will have no effect on us so we we cannot live
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00104-00075568-00076280 a a scared life thinking that somebody can curse us or be scared of some kind of witch or some kind
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00105-00076280-00076816 of witch doctor that they're gonna come and and curse us if we live holy and righteous before God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00106-00076912-00077696 if we walk uh in in in God's way and we have not done nothing we have done nothing to provoke that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00107-00077696-00078480 curse from that party bible says that it will not prevail against us as a matter of fact it
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00108-00078480-00079072 will come back on them and so I remember a story one pastor here locally was sharing
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00109-00079176-00079856 where uh they started there was a fast growing church and of course as the church was growing
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00110-00079856-00080544 revival was happening you get attention of of which witches and witch doctors and he said that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00111-00080544-00081416 he started noticing weird objects in the front of his door every single morning some feathers some
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00112-00081416-00082184 teeth then he started noticing some dead animals with different symbols on them and rituals and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00113-00082184-00082784 one times of a chicken one time was a rabbit and different things and he he understood and he
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00114-00082880-00083520 he felt in the spirit that there was an attack or there was an attempt of a witch in that region
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00115-00083520-00084184 to stiffen the progress of God to stiffen the revival to um to bring down this man of God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00116-00084296-00084632 and I remember he was sharing with us he said listen it didn't bother me at all
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00117-00084704-00085120 I know who I serve I know that the one who is in me is greater than the one in the world
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00118-00085120-00085624 and i'm going to continue to preach the gospel i'm going to continue to do what uh what i'm
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00119-00085624-00086184 doing and nothing's going to stop me and some months later I remember he was sharing with me
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00120-00086272-00087104 is that on one of his services this one lady got saved and when she got saved he got to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00121-00087104-00087800 know her later she said that I tried to put a spell on you when I saw what you were doing
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00122-00087800-00088280 you were hindering my business I could not operate in the region as I used to operate
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00123-00088360-00088920 and he said I tried to I tried to cast curse on your house on your children and I knew
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00124-00088992-00089384 and he said so what happened he was like she's like I don't know what happened but
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00125-00089384-00089776 anytime I would do it to somebody else it would work but when I tried doing it I knew
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00126-00089776-00090488 nothing would work as a matter of fact it was it was uh it was harming her and so when she
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00127-00090488-00090920 decided out of curiosity to come to the church and hear the gospel or see what's happening she
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00128-00090920-00091320 heard the gospel and she got saved she renounced all those things eventually he was praying for
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00129-00091320-00091824 freedom for her for for her deliverance uh and it was a pretty intense deliverance and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00130-00091824-00092384 then she confessed and said listen I was the one that's trying to curse you but it did not work so
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00131-00092552-00092872 would that be with that being said we've learned that there's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00132-00092872-00093840 five different sources of of of curses of spell or cast spells and today if you're living in a life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00133-00093840-00094168 and and you're noticing that there is something in your life that's stopping you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00134-00094168-00094600 and as I was going through these five things maybe there are certain things that you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00135-00094680-00095104 recall or something that came to your memory that Holy Spirit is highlighting right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00136-00095168-00096064 that that that you think it might be the cause or the beginning of that problem or that issue
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00137-00096064-00096592 or that struggle that you're experiencing right now i'll give you an example there was one um
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00138-00096696-00097216 there was one a lady her name was lydia and I remember talking to her and praying with
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00139-00097216-00097776 her some years back and her story goes like this she was in a relationship with somebody
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00140-00097888-00098240 and I don't know for for one reason or the other the relationship
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00141-00098408-00098880 wasn't working it wasn't working out for her she didn't want to be no she didn't want to be
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00142-00098880-00099344 in that relationship anymore I don't remember the details what was the reason or what or whatever
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00143-00099408-00100024 but she decided to end the relationship and she walked away from that relationship and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00144-00100024-00100712 she remembers clearly as she was talking that when she told her boyfriend saying that I am
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00145-00100712-00101056 we're breaking up i'm done with you i'm leaving I can't do this no longer
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00146-00101112-00101544 um he said something like this that you will never get married to anybody you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00147-00101544-00102048 will only be happy with me out of this anger and deep emotion he spoke that over her life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00148-00102184-00102896 and you know whatever it is what it is she still stuck to her decision and left
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00149-00102896-00103608 the only problem was that years as years were gone going on she would come and get close to somebody
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00150-00103608-00104096 it would be at the point of marriage and then something would fall apart out of reason either
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00151-00104096-00104568 she would just fall out of love and just will have no feelings for a man or she would be all
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00152-00104568-00105288 after a man and then a man would either cheat on her or or leave her whatever the case would be is
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00153-00105288-00105752 throughout I believe it was seven or eight years after that any relationship she tried and the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00154-00105752-00106400 thing is that she was a beautiful woman she had she was educated woman she had money um and she
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00155-00106400-00107064 had all the all the attributes you would say for good successful marriage and she came to one of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00156-00107064-00107559 our prayer lines and I was as I was sitting and talking with her and asking different questions
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00157-00107728-00108320 and she began to confess this thing he said I don't know but maybe I think this has something
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00158-00108320-00108880 to do with it and we begin to pray we mean to confess uh that um asking Lord for forgiveness
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00159-00108880-00109488 renounce that breaking that that that spell that curse that was spoken over her life by her by her
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00160-00109488-00110183 boyfriend and uh she began to manifest demon left her body demon was confessing that I was the one
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00161-00110183-00110688 that entered her life I was the one that that's that that were keeping her in chains in the area
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00162-00110688-00111135 of relationship the interesting thing is that everything else in her life was prospering and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00163-00111135-00111704 going but the area of relationship was struggling anyways after the pressure received deliverance
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00164-00111704-00112376 and uh I don't know even months or even how long it took some it took some time I remember
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00165-00112376-00113159 receiving an email from this particular lady that she got engaged and she's she she got married and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00166-00113159-00113600 she's married happily now I don't know what's her story right now but I know that for seven or eight
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00167-00113600-00114135 years she wasn't able to get married would come to the point of marriage it fall apart and now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00168-00114135-00114792 she got married to a Godly man and she is living a good life so we have to examine ourselves
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00169-00114792-00115208 according to these five things is there is there something in our life that we have
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00170-00115328-00116328 provoked or we have done or we put ourselves in a situation where things were pronounced over us
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00171-00116383-00117048 now it doesn't have to be deserved meaning that doesn't mean that you did something and that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00172-00117111-00117488 and and that it began to affect your life somebody said certain things over your life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00173-00117488-00117959 for example like this lady and I believe I shared it on a broadcast uh sometime before
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00174-00118032-00118648 when she was uh some some years ago 20 30 years ago when she was younger she was serving she was
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00175-00118648-00119320 us employed in the hospital and in a hospital she was one of those people where they would she would
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00176-00119320-00119744 take care of people's uh people's clothes when people come in for an emergency and then she would
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00177-00119744-00120168 fold them and put them in in those bags and when people were checking out that she would give them
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00178-00120168-00120759 the the clothing back and as she was folding one lady's uh code some money for a lot of the pocket
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00179-00120759-00121352 and so she saw the money instead of putting that money back into that clothing into that um code
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00180-00121352-00121944 she took that and she pocketed that money anyways uh after some time on that the the person was
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00181-00121944-00122408 checking out she looked and she could not find the money and she began to beg and ask anybody
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00182-00122408-00123064 that took the money please give me the money back because this is my last money for uh for food for
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00183-00123064-00123600 me in my daughter she was a single mom so she was earnestly begging and asking somebody listen
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00184-00123600-00124024 whoever you are i'm not going to shame you i'm not going to secretly come back and put it back in
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00185-00124024-00124511 we need that money please and she heard that lady but she was too ashamed and she didn't do anything
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00186-00124511-00125152 about it she kept the money some years later the story that I heard of her she was already 30 years
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00187-00125152-00125744 later when she was already older at her in her 60s she she got sick with cancer and cancer was
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00188-00125744-00126392 was was painful and cancer was severe and she at this time she was already Christian and she was at
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00189-00126392-00126783 the conference listening to the message like what you're listening right now and she got convicted
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00190-00126783-00127352 by the Holy Spirit and this story got brought back to her memory by the Holy Spirit and uh she said
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00191-00127520-00128448 um she said Lord i'm so sorry I am so sorry I don't know um that this is I i I did wrong I did
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00192-00128448-00129135 wrong I did something that I was not supposed to do and the detail that I omitted or that I missed
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00193-00129135-00129744 is early is that when this woman did not get her money back she said whoever took it let him die
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00194-00129888-00130488 she says and I remember those words very very clearly or whoever took it I hope they die or
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00195-00130488-00131056 or something bad will happen to them and so as Holy Spirit brings those things to her reminders
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00196-00131112-00131712 she begins to pray and say Lord i'm so sorry forgive me I should have not done it and and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00197-00131712-00132296 as a sign of repentance she says I took 30 rubles it was back from soviet unions so that that's what
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00198-00132296-00132752 she took back those days she said i'm gonna take uh right now the money that I have in my pocket
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00199-00132808-00133376 everything that I have and as a sign of repentance i'm to give it to somebody else right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00200-00133480-00134000 as a because I don't know who the person is I cannot come and say sorry I cannot give my those
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00201-00134000-00134328 those money back to them right now but as a sign of repentance i'm going to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00202-00134328-00134896 give it to somebody else Lord forgive me I truly repent the interesting thing as she
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00203-00134896-00135744 did that as she did that she went back home from that conference now may I remind you that she
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00204-00135744-00136248 was sent home to die she was stage four cancer there was no hope for her when she went back to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00205-00136248-00136776 a doctor's appointment doctors took for vitals and blood tests and all this stuff surprisingly
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00206-00136776-00137240 discovered that she has no more cancer and she felt great in the body and she recovered
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00207-00137240-00137768 and she still lives till this day so what's the point and the moral of the story is that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00208-00137984-00138672 the spell or the curse was pronounced and because she did wrong that opened the door for that spell
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00209-00138672-00139256 and the curse to operate in her life and even those words were spoken 30 years before that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00210-00139256-00139776 but listen there were hanging over her life and at some point in her life she became sick with
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00211-00139776-00140344 cancer and she was about to die if she would have not encountered if she would have not encountered
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00212-00140552-00140992 Jesus if she would have not given her life to Jesus and if she would have not repented
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00213-00141160-00141560 and renounced those words those curse her life would have been locked
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00214-00141560-00142120 her life would have been caged in that area and she would have probably died so
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00215-00142288-00142560 I just shared two stories with you one about relationships
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00216-00142632-00143208 one about one about finances there's another story that I want to share with you our
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00217-00143208-00143880 gentleman also was praying for him he was uh he was probably in his 40s at that at this moment
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00218-00143880-00144472 and he was sharing as he was listening to one of the messages about disobedience to parents and he
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00219-00144544-00145120 and he came for uh for a prayer of deliverance and as I was interviewing and talking with him
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00220-00145120-00145560 he said this the reason why I came for deliverance is because when I was listening to a message about
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00221-00145624-00146000 obedience to parents and that our disobedience and our dishonor to parents
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00222-00146088-00146848 brings and opens ourselves to a curse so he says I i realize that this is my issue and I came here
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00223-00146848-00147336 to receive deliverance and breaking of the curses for this specific issue because Holy
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00224-00147336-00147800 Spirit pointed out to me and he begins to say the story was that when he was grown as a teenager and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00225-00147800-00148432 then even later that he lived a very rebellious life he brought and caused a lot of pain to his
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00226-00148432-00149128 to his parents and he says I remember when my dad would would would say these these words
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00227-00149128-00149592 against me I remember my dad says well I wish you were not born you're you're stupid you're
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00228-00149592-00150032 [ __ ] you're this and that and he just said these horrible names he would speak over me
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00229-00150096-00150568 and so the interesting thing he said now I look at my life everything that my dad spoke over me
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00230-00150752-00151312 all of those things came to pass he says I feel like my mind is confused constantly unlocked
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00231-00151312-00151864 I having hard time even even understanding smallest basic things I feel like i'm constantly
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00232-00151864-00152192 in the fog I feel like there's something this is just following me in the area of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00233-00152192-00152808 relationship and finances that everything that my dad spoke over me it says those
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00234-00152808-00153672 things those things have come to pass and so the bible does talk about honoring our parents
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00235-00153976-00154640 because because of that we can either be blessed or can be cursed in our life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00236-00154704-00155216 now my personal story is that I had a rough relationship with with my dad as a teenager
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00237-00155216-00155728 growing up but when the older I got as a teenager the more I understood that this was wrong
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00238-00155728-00156424 and the more I understood that that my future depends my future depends on my
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00239-00156560-00157384 obedience or honor of my parents and I begin to pray and fast asking God to help me to be changed
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00240-00157384-00157960 repenting God and repenting before God and asking God for me to conquer this area
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00241-00157960-00158496 so that before I leave my father's house as a married person as a married man that I would
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00242-00158496-00159008 have a great relationship with my dad that i'll I will that my relationship will be restored and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00243-00159144-00159832 thank God that I had a Godly parents and they they never spoke horrible things over my life but
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00244-00159896-00160232 they don't have to speak bad things over your life bible says if we honor them
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00245-00160232-00160712 we'll be blessed if we dishonor them we will be cursed God already spoke that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00246-00160712-00161344 over but furthermore if parents even pronounce wrong things or bad things against the children
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00247-00161344-00161944 that goes that goes even further more and so I begin to pray I begin to fast and asking God for
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00248-00161944-00162544 for for discipline for restraint for patience for kindness uh uh revealing different issues
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00249-00162544-00163088 in my heart that I dealt with go and apologize to my parents apologists to my dad and ask you for
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00250-00163088-00163640 forgiveness and begin to rebuild my relationship and I probably can say that by the time that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00251-00163640-00164128 I got out of my parents house I got married that my relationship with my dad and my mom
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00252-00164128-00164536 specifically with my dad they were restored they were good and I felt like that I left the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00253-00164536-00165224 father's house with the blessing and continued to work and honor my parents till this day so
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00254-00165280-00166112 I gave you some examples of of of cast curses or spells that can be that can be be cast on a person
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00255-00166168-00166864 and um today I want to ask you first of all I want to I wanna come back to two things
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00256-00166944-00167736 if you're a parent if you're a parent listen you have to speak good things over your child you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00257-00167736-00168248 have to understand that you are spiritual and physical authority over your children
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00258-00168328-00168832 and what you say towards your children especially when they mess up especially when they annoy you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00259-00168832-00169320 especially when they don't do things that you want them to do especially when when when they are
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00260-00169432-00170000 maybe disobedient that if you can't say anything nice at that moment at least keep your mouth
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00261-00170064-00170560 shut from speaking death and and and uh speaking disaster into their life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00262-00170744-00171424 speaking death and disaster into a into the into their life and because as a parent it
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00263-00171424-00172368 matters what we say we are the authority and so and in the second area is that self-imposed uh
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00264-00172368-00172960 spells and curses if you speak negative over your life you need to stop that if you spoke negative
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00265-00172960-00173424 things over your life if you spoke things out of destruction harm and death over your life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00266-00173480-00173888 today we're going to deal with it you need to first of all stop the behavior understand that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00267-00173888-00174840 your words they matter your mouth creates their life or death either opens the door for demonic
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00268-00174840-00175296 to come and destroy your life for demons to come destroy your life or it opens the door to the Holy
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00269-00175296-00175976 Spirit to God to come and build your life it might not happen that moment when you said I wish I died
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00270-00176216-00176568 but if you keep saying it if you keep opening those doors
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00271-00176568-00176896 demons of death will come and torment you and torment your life so
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00272-00177088-00177984 how do we deal with that how do we deal the first thing is first is you have to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00273-00178096-00178664 you have to give your life to Christ if you're watching today if you're watching right now and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00274-00178664-00179232 you're wondering how do I break the spells and curses over over my life how do I cancel those
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00275-00179232-00179728 curses either earned curses the ones that you you you've uh you've done wrong and and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00276-00179816-00180376 people pronounce things over your life or or maybe just uh things that you pronounced over yourself
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00277-00180528-00181072 how do I break them first of all you can't break him on your own you need the you need the help of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00278-00181072-00181664 of Jesus but you can't have the help of Jesus unless you surrender your life to him and unless
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00279-00181664-00182544 he is your master he is your Lord see if we receive Christ then we receive his redemption
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00280-00182616-00183520 then we receive that then we receive the fact that he took our curse upon on the cross when he died
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00281-00183520-00184040 because bible says cursed everyone who hangs on the tree but if you don't have Christ in your life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00282-00184040-00184608 then you have to deal with those curses on your own you have to bear the consequences of those
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00283-00184608-00185232 curses so first thing i'm calling on those of you that have not committed your life to Jesus or
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00284-00185232-00185928 maybe you have walked away and today you stumbled on this broadcast and you're you're you're not
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00285-00185928-00186536 serious about Christ Christ is somebody you know somebody you believe in as demons bible says
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00286-00186536-00186960 believe because demons believe in that that Jesus is real actually they believe more than you do
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00287-00187064-00187440 but your life is not submitted to the rule of Christ your life is not submitted to the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00288-00187440-00187944 Lordship of Christ he is not your master you're still the master of your own life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00289-00187944-00188328 if you're the master of your own life then you will have to deal with these curses
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00290-00188328-00188880 on your own you have to give your life to Jesus and today we're going to have the opportunity
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00291-00188880-00189272 and time to do that as a matter of fact let's do that right now before we go any further
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00292-00189376-00189872 let's do that right now before we go any further if you want to give your life to Jesus right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00293-00189944-00190248 you maybe you backslidden you walked away from Christ or you just got back
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00294-00190312-00190736 and somehow you stumble on the stream or somebody invited you to this stream or whatever it is
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00295-00190792-00191208 but you're not serious about Christ you know about church you know about God but you're not serving
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00296-00191208-00191816 him and you're not have surrendered your life completely to him right now as a moment in time
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00297-00191816-00192224 what I want you to do is pray this prayer with me repeat this prayer with me and it's not the prayer
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00298-00192224-00192904 that saves but it's your belief in your heart that and your acceptance and surrenders surrender to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00299-00192904-00193744 Jesus as his law as your Lord and savior so repeat this prayer after me say Lord Jesus Lord Jesus
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00300-00193800-00194360 I come to you I come to you as a sinner as a sinner in need of your redemption in need of your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00301-00194360-00194896 redemption in need of your forgiveness in need of your forgiveness without you Lord without you Lord
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00302-00194992-00195560 I can do nothing I can do nothing I cannot be saved I cannot be saved I cannot be redeemed I
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00303-00195560-00196144 cannot be redeemed without you without you I still have to bear I still have to bear the consequences
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00304-00196144-00196896 of a curse the consequences of a curse so Jesus said Jesus I surrender myself to you I surrender
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00305-00196896-00197504 myself to you I open my heart to you I open my heart to you come into my heart come into my heart
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00306-00197504-00198192 I receive you I receive you as Lord and savior of my life as Lord and savior of my life be a master
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00307-00198192-00198832 of my life be a master of mine I surrender it all to you I surrender it all to you Holy Spirit Holy
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00308-00198832-00199696 Spirit guide me guide me and lead me and lead me I surrender to your lead I surrender to your lead in
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00309-00199696-00200504 Jesus name in Jesus name Amen Amen if you've given your life to Jesus right now go to hungaryjan.com
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00310-00200584-00201224 vip and let us know let us know in the chat that I prayed this prayer I have given my life to Jesus
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00311-00201224-00201936 my life now belongs to Jesus and Jesus alone he is the master of my life this is the first thing
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00312-00201936-00202680 this is the foundation for breaking any spell breaking and canceling any curse
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00313-00202680-00203184 over your life second thing that you have to do is that you have to submit yourself
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00314-00203416-00204080 to obedience of God's word God's word has to become a standard of your life God's principles
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00315-00204080-00204680 have to become standard of your life that means that you live by God's word you live by his
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00316-00204680-00205216 principles the problem becomes with where when we when we begin to break the principles of God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00317-00205280-00205800 and those principles when we break them they carry consequences so that's why God has given
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00318-00205800-00206319 us his word he's given us this manual for life he's given us the ten commandments he's giving us
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00319-00206319-00206888 his spirit to lead us and guide us so that he so that we can live according to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00320-00206888-00207616 his principles and statues because this is where life safety and protection is hidden
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00321-00207856-00208567 pastor uh as looking on the comments on youtube and on facebook uh it seems so far I can see
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00322-00208567-00209167 at least four or five people who have made the commitment to follow Jesus during this broadcast
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00323-00209167-00209680 so we just give all glory to Jesus glory to God thank you Lord for saving people this is what
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00324-00209680-00210496 it's all about it's about seeing people saved and seeing people live for Christ fully surrendered so
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00325-00210496-00211071 we want to congratulate you those on youtube those on facebook those of you non-zoom that you that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00326-00211071-00211719 decided to give your life to Jesus Christ uh get connected with us by going to hungarian.com vip
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00327-00211719-00212071 we want to continue to pray for you we want to reach out to you we want to send you some
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00328-00212071-00212871 resources and material and to encourage you to be in this relationship with Jesus Christ so
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00329-00212871-00213352 let's go back to how we cancel the curses we submit our life to the Lordship of Jesus Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00330-00213352-00213976 we submit our lives to the obedience of God's principles and God's word there's a reason why God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00331-00213976-00214728 says do not steal do not kill do not uh bear for uh false witness honor your father and your mother
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00332-00214728-00215016 these are all those all those things that were given to us not so that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00333-00215080-00215688 our life becomes restricted and the life becomes uh of less freedom but those things were given to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00334-00215688-00216360 us so that we can have a good relationship between each other as human beings and second of all is
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00335-00216360-00217000 that in a spiritual world we don't open the doors for demonic influence and for curses to operate
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00336-00217000-00217871 over our life number three that you have to do is you have to confess any known sins whatever sins
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00337-00217871-00218496 that right now as I were talking about about the subject and bring different examples if God has
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00338-00218496-00219296 pointed out any any issues or any uh any sins that has that have come to your mind that could be the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00339-00219296-00219832 open door or the result of the of the struggle that you experience right now in your life this
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00340-00219832-00220640 is a time to ask God for forgiveness like this lady that stole money in the hospital when she
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00341-00220640-00221176 realized what she did and Holy Spirit brought that to her attention she asked God to forgive her
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00342-00221328-00221784 if God begins to bring something into your life maybe you've stole maybe you lied maybe
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00343-00221784-00222240 you cheated somebody maybe you cut corners in some place or maybe you're disobedient
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00344-00222240-00222656 to your parents or maybe did certain things that you disobeyed God directly
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00345-00222719-00223544 you have to ask God for forgiveness you have to ask God to forgive you so and then a fourth
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00346-00223544-00224048 thing what you have to do not only ask God for forgiveness but forth then you have to repent
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00347-00224048-00224648 now that's not one and the same thing repentance is a 180 degree turn it's you were going one way
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00348-00224648-00225152 now you're going the opposite way if you were stealing you need to stop stealing if you are
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00349-00225152-00225719 disobedient to your parents you gotta you gotta be obedient to your appearance now uh or or
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00350-00225719-00226152 if you are already out of the house with parents you got to be honoring your parents
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00351-00226152-00226832 and you have to change your behavior change what was causing the courage to operate in your life to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00352-00226832-00227688 to the opposite you have to close the door to demonic um influence by changing your behavior
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00353-00227688-00228223 and ask God to help you stop doing those things that initially even open the door into your life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00354-00228223-00228944 and here's the big one especially with with with cast curses or spells is that you have to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00355-00228944-00229592 make Amends if possible so not only you ask God to forgive you of your sin that's between you and God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00356-00229671-00230088 um then you have to change your behavior you have to stop doing those things that you are doing
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00357-00230240-00230808 and three now it has to do so we dealt with God we stopped that behavior now we have to deal between
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00358-00230808-00231648 you and the man uh you and that person that you wronged so for example if if you stole money from
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00359-00231648-00232223 somebody or if you caused pain to somebody uh maybe you caused pain in the relationship maybe
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00360-00232223-00233080 you you broke off the relationship badly and wrongly and maybe maybe you were disobedient
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00361-00233080-00233544 and dishonoring to your parents and you cause a lot of pain and heartache to your parents
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00362-00233680-00234512 whatever the situation might be right now is the time after this broadcast to make Amends
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00363-00234616-00235432 to make commands meaning that if possible to find a person to return what's been taken to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00364-00235567-00236071 uh ask them for forgiveness if it was your parents that you reach out to your parents
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00365-00236071-00236464 you have a serious conversation with them and say listen you know I realize that i've did a
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00366-00236464-00237119 lot of wrongs i've made i've given a lot of pain to you I want to sincerely apologize i'm sincerely
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00367-00237119-00237671 sorry and from now on I want to be a blessing into your life I want to be a blessing into your life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00368-00238000-00238471 if you stole money from somebody that you go back and you return that money
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00369-00238560-00239136 or make a promise to return that money and you apologize I remember a story a pastor shared um
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00370-00239288-00239880 before he before he was a pastor before he was a Christian he was a um he was a pretty crooked
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00371-00239967-00240776 pretty crooked uh a man and he was I believe he was like in in in um uh like a mafia or
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00372-00240776-00241104 or again type of a thing and he would extort money from people
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00373-00241176-00241632 and so when he got saved and he heard similar message and he realized that there is no way
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00374-00241632-00242088 his finances will be blessed unless he deals with the root issue and root cause
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00375-00242152-00242680 and so as he was praying he felt that God put on his heart to go and and talk to those people all
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00376-00242680-00243200 those people that he could remember and apologize to them and make a promise to repay you back
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00377-00243264-00243648 and so but when he realized what it's going to be what it's going to take
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00378-00243712-00244312 he said it's so much money I don't have that kind of money but anyways he went back to those people
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00379-00244376-00244960 he he found as many of them as he could he apologized he he sincerely said listen I used
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00380-00244960-00245392 to live for myself I used to be in the world right now i'm saved i'm Christian and and God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00381-00245392-00245816 has convicted me and I want to first and foremost apologize and i'm going to make I don't have money
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00382-00245816-00246200 right now but i'm going to make you proud i'm making your promise when I have money i'm going
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00383-00246200-00246904 to try to give back what I can and so he explains that for next five years he literally worked
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00384-00246976-00247792 just to pay off those people literally for five years that's how serious he was about repentance
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00385-00247848-00248680 that's how serious he was about not being under the influence of that demonic curse and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00386-00248680-00249264 spell so he went and made an Amends and he was sharing how God began to tremendously bless him
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00387-00249344-00250032 tremendously bless them and and and different ways different revenue sources different businesses
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00388-00250032-00250592 different different different ventures and then eventually got called him into the ministry and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00389-00250592-00251104 he became a minister and God was just blessing him financially left and right and it was in the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00390-00251104-00251792 country very poor country that was very difficult economically to to even make any financial gains
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00391-00251792-00252408 but listen when you do right by God God will stand by his principles and will do right for you in
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00392-00252408-00252888 Jesus name so make Amends go apologize to people go out apologize to your parents go apologize to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00393-00252888-00253432 your spouse uh maybe you've ended the relationship uh very wrongly listen there's a way to end
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00394-00253432-00253992 relationship not all relationships succeed we know that's the reality of life but how like how
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00395-00253992-00254528 they say kill the horse but not the rider but if we attack the rider instead instead of the horse
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00396-00254592-00255264 instead of killing the relationship we go and we kill the person obviously emotionally speaking
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00397-00255264-00256144 we speak we um we we we uh accuse them we make things we we make up lies we make up different
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00398-00256144-00256688 we manipulate them we uh we harm them we say nasty things to them that's not the right way and it's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00399-00256688-00257328 not a Christian way of doing it maybe perhaps it's the reason why your relationship are struggling
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00400-00257328-00257952 is because certain curses and words that were spoken because you did wrong in that area
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00401-00257952-00258488 that is how they are harming you and are blocking your way so making Amends
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00402-00258640-00259296 the other big one is that you have to forgive anyone and you have to forgive yourselves and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00403-00259296-00259840 last one is you have to release yourself from that curse in Jesus name right now we're going to pray
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00404-00260048-00260160 right now we're going to pray
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00405-00260384-00260800 and we're going to come against every spells and we're going to cancel any
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00406-00260800-00261400 curse over your life but you have a part to play this prayer will be as effective as your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00407-00261640-00262224 as your repentance this prayer will be as effective as your sincerity
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00408-00262304-00263032 this prayer will be as effective in canceling those things that are there are um blocking
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00409-00263032-00263552 your life in the area of finances in the area of your relationship in the area of your mind
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00410-00263552-00264128 being free and clear in the area of your business in the area of with your parents in the ministry
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00411-00264400-00264952 as your sincere apology as your sincere uh and open
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00412-00265264-00266008 repentance so today i'll call you to live by God's principle live by God's word leave your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00413-00266008-00266656 life surrendered to God because in there you are protected from every curse and spell and even
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00414-00266656-00267240 if somebody some witch doctor some some witch or somebody decides to even curse you or send a spell
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00415-00267240-00267936 over you it's not gonna harm you but it's actually gonna harm them so with that being said I hope you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00416-00267936-00268472 today was more of a teaching not a preaching but I strongly believe that there are people today that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00417-00268472-00269120 are watching that you've been to prayer lines you've been asking people to pray for healings
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00418-00269120-00269560 you've been trying to get ahead this and that and you feel like something is stopping you something
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00419-00269560-00270032 is not letting you move forward it's something that God wants you to deal and he brought you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00420-00270032-00270520 today on a broadcast so that you can hear this message you can hear this teaching from his word
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00421-00270616-00271288 and address it now i'm not saying this that everything because because you are stuck because
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00422-00271288-00271720 some area is not moving in your life because you're kind of stagnant that it's because of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00423-00271720-00272096 some kind of a curse or this or that i'm not saying that everything is because of a curse
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00424-00272096-00272800 but right now if Holy Spirit brings certain things to your mind as i'm talking to you that means
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00425-00272800-00273304 those areas he wants to help you deal with it and if you deal with them right now there will be a
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00426-00273304-00273880 grace to overcome it right now is the moment in time as we're going to pray to cancel every spell
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00427-00273880-00274584 and to cancel every curse over your life in Jesus name church are you ready to pray
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00428-00274688-00275192 those of you on zoom are you ready to pray Amen wave at me wave at me if you're ready
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00429-00275192-00275832 to pray if you on facebook and youtube you're ready to pray say I am ready to pray say I am
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00430-00275832-00277400 ready to cancel those curses i'm ready to cancel every spell in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00431-00277400-00277536 Amen Amen Amen Amen
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00432-00277744-00278096 i see people saying they're ready they're ready youtube and facebook
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00433-00278096-00278784 they are ready to be free they are ready to be free they are ready to um go after Jesus and to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00434-00278784-00279408 the fullness of of what he has for them they're ready to break off every spell and every curse
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00435-00279408-00280104 every hindrance that hangs over them over their life come on come on come on now we're
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00436-00280104-00280608 about to minister people on zoom we're going to be ministering on youtube and facebook and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00437-00280608-00280912 then we're going to be ministering to people on zoom with word of knowledge and prophetic
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00438-00280912-00281208 and praying for people today we're also going to be praying for for healing
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00439-00281416-00281888 that if you want to join zoom you can go to hungrygen.com zoom
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00440-00282096-00282664 and you can fill out the form and you're going to get an automatic reply with uh to your email
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00441-00282664-00283344 with the credentials how to get into zoom so if you're ready to pray type i'm ready i'm ready
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00442-00283520-00284608 right now I want you to begin to confess your sin begin to confess your sin to God and begin to ask
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00443-00284608-00285120 him to forgive you of that sin the particular issue that God brought it into your life whether
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00444-00285120-00285728 it's stealing whether it's cutting corners whether whether it's hurting somebody whether it's uh
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00445-00285728-00286096 whether it's hurting your parents whether it's certain your spouse your children
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00446-00286096-00286752 or another human being whatever whatever sin or maybe maybe it's against God whatever sin that God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00447-00286752-00287264 is bringing to your mind now we're not going back to dig through our past and our sins we're gonna
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00448-00287264-00287816 have plenty of that to find but the ones the Holy Spirit right now is specifically highlighting in
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00449-00287816-00288456 your mind right now open up your mouth and begin to pray say Lord Jesus forgive me of my sin Lord I
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00450-00288456-00289104 regret for doing this or that Lord I ask you that you will wash me with your blood cleanse me right
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00451-00289104-00289920 now Lord of every sin I repent of disobeying your word I repent disobeying your principles I repent
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00452-00289920-00290616 for disobeying God disobedient you and what you said in your word I Lord I regret and I am sorry
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00453-00290616-00291200 for hurting this and that person if you know their name you can name them right now we're dealing
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00454-00291200-00291792 between you and God and spiritual world so open up your lips and begin to weep before the Lord begin
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00455-00291792-00292448 to cry before the Lord begin to ask him to forgive you remember as sincere as you are that's how God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00456-00292448-00292856 will be sincere with you right now open up your lips and let's begin to pray let's have this this
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00457-00292856-00293312 is going to be a short prayer but let's the prayer of confession of our sins and repentance in Jesus
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00458-00293312-00294016 name yes Lord we just lift up our voices Lord and ask you right now God for your rep for your your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00459-00294016-00294672 forgiveness of any open door of any sin God that we've allowed into our life God whether it's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00460-00294672-00295144 through uh things that we've done to people God that have opened the door to curses Lord anything
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00461-00295144-00295688 that we've done in our finances that have opened the door to curses Lord forgive us right now Lord
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00462-00295688-00296168 if there's words that we've spoken in anger God that have that have brought curses on our lives
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00463-00296168-00296824 Lord forgive us Lord in Jesus mighty name let your blood wash us clean right now Lord set our
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00464-00296824-00297400 our hearts in right standing with you Lord I pray Holy Spirit that you would come and cleanse us God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00465-00297400-00297904 from any attachment anything that we have allowed in doors that we have opened through through
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00466-00297904-00298560 active sin God to curses in our lives any any activating of curses that we've done through sin
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00467-00298560-00299248 in our lives Lord wash us and make us whole right now let your blood Lord be the advocate let Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00468-00299248-00299712 be our advocate this morning as we pray or wherever we're praying right now Lord
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00469-00299712-00300440 let your your your finished works of the cross Lord speak on our behalf in Jesus mighty name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00470-00300440-00300904 in Jesus name we pray in the mighty name of Jesus right now before we're going to come against it
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00471-00300904-00301440 and renounce it and break those curses over our life there's one big thing that we also have to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00472-00301440-00302096 do if we have any unforgiveness towards ourselves for maybe doing the wrong things or saying
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00473-00302096-00302784 the wrong things or making some mess-ups and mistakes or we have unforgiveness towards others
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00474-00302904-00303432 we will not be able to move forward we will not be effective in this breaking and canceling of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00475-00303432-00304304 curses until we forgive ourselves and we forgive others and we release ourselves and release others
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00476-00304392-00305104 so that we could be free so that the God can begin to work that his spirit can begin to work in us
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00477-00305104-00305520 and through us because unforgiveness what i've found been in the ministry of deliverance for many
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00478-00305520-00306104 years unforgiveness is one of the biggest open doors for demonic influence in our life one of the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00479-00306104-00306768 biggest open doors that that gives a grip or gives an anchor to the curse over our life it does not
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00480-00306768-00307320 let us move forward so right now if you have any unforgiveness toward yourself
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00481-00307320-00307744 release yourself forgive yourself if Christ have forgave you are you greater than Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00482-00307800-00308264 no you're not if he forgave you and he sees no wrong on you when you're asking for forgiveness
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00483-00308264-00308760 you have to receive forgiveness from Jesus for yourself and release yourself and same
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00484-00308760-00309416 unto others if God has forgiven you what right do you have to hold unforgiveness against others
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00485-00309480-00310104 so right now begin to release yourself to say this with me say Lord Jesus Lord Jesus I release myself
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00486-00310104-00310760 I release myself I forgive myself I forgive myself for any sin for any sin for any wrongdoing for any
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00487-00310760-00311192 wrongdoing for any mistakes that i've done for any mistakes that i've done Lord Jesus
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00488-00311192-00311912 Lord Jesus I repent I repent for holding myself for holding myself higher standard that you hold
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00489-00311912-00312456 me a higher standard than what you've held me to Lord you forgave me you forgave me you released me
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00490-00312456-00313064 you released so today so today I release myself I release myself I forgive myself I forgive
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00491-00313064-00313528 myself and I choose to look unto you and I choose to look unto you the author and the finisher
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00492-00313528-00314224 the author and finisher of my faith of my faith Lord I release Lord I release and I forgive
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00493-00314224-00314944 and forgive all people all people that that have hurt me that have hurt me or did wrong to me or
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00494-00314944-00315632 have done wrong to me or or sinned against me or have sinned against me Lord Lord I release them
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00495-00315632-00316184 right now I release them right now I forgive them right now I forgive them right now I don't hold
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00496-00316184-00316696 them I don't hold against them any longer I don't hold it against them any longer in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00497-00316696-00317184 in Jesus name Lord wash me with your blood Lord wash me with your cleanse me cleanse me I
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00498-00317184-00317816 surrender to you I surrender to you in Jesus name in Jesus name Amen Amen I believe right now you're
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00499-00317816-00318416 ready for this prayer the prayer of cancelling the curses cancelling the spells over your life for
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00500-00318416-00319088 the prayer that will bring difference into your life as we're gonna pray the demonic strongholds
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00501-00319088-00319776 demonic chains those curses and spells over your life they will be broken some of you will
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00502-00319832-00320544 some of you might begin to manifest in a way of of either yawning or crying or or yelling or
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00503-00320728-00321120 not having a control over your body you might experience a heat in your body electricity going
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00504-00321120-00321464 through your body you might experience different things that will be happening
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00505-00321464-00321904 to you during this prayer that's okay because that's the power of God that's setting you free
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00506-00321960-00322472 right now the devil has no grip over you now that you repented you've given your life to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00507-00322472-00323040 Jesus Christ now that you've released yourself you forgive others Holy Spirit can freely flow
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00508-00323040-00324120 and bring change into your life and cancel every curse cancel every spell that has hold
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00509-00324120-00324936 over your life are you ready to pray are you ready to pray in Jesus name gloria babashiya lemar
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00510-00325280-00326176 say with me say I renounce I renounce every spell every spell every curse every curse that's been
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00511-00326176-00326696 put on my life that's been put on my life or i've pronounced over my life or i've pronounced over
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00512-00326696-00327248 my life right now right now I take authority I take authority over that curse over that curse
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00513-00327248-00327824 over that spell over that side but I command it and I command it to be broken to be broken be
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00514-00327824-00328488 broken be broken be broken be broken in Jesus name in Jesus name I break every curse I break every
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00515-00328488-00328968 curse that's been sent to my life that's been sent to my life i've been sent to destroy my marriage
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00516-00328968-00329576 it's been descent to destroy my marriage my finances my finances my sanity my sanity my peace
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00517-00329576-00330272 my peace I break every spell I break every spell I break every curse I break every curse over my life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00518-00330272-00330960 over my life I renounce it right now I renounce it right now in Jesus name in Jesus name in the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00519-00330960-00331528 mighty name of Jesus Christ in the mighty name of Jesus Christ right now put your right hand
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00520-00331528-00332152 on yourself I i'm going to be praying for you as bryson will be praying for you I command that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00521-00332208-00332896 curse over your life curse over your finances curse over your marriage curse over your family
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00522-00332896-00333464 curse over your relationships right now to be broken in Jesus name be broken in the mighty name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00523-00333464-00334208 of Jesus Christ holy ghost fire holy ghost fire holy ghost fire in the mighty name of Jesus Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00524-00334376-00335184 I command that curse and that spell to loosen its grip over your life loose your grip
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00525-00335240-00335896 loose your grip lose your grip that influence of that curse right now be removed in the mighty name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00526-00335896-00336688 of Jesus Christ be removed in the mighty name of Jesus Christ every spell every curse right now you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00527-00336688-00337200 heard the confession of God's people you heard the confession of God's people
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00528-00337304-00338080 you heard the renouncing of God's people your reign is over in Jesus name your influence is over
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00529-00338176-00338816 right now you must go go in Jesus name go in Jesus name anywhere there is darkness in their life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00530-00338920-00339464 you curse any darkness that you brought into their life right now let there be light in their
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00531-00339464-00340192 life let there be light in their finances let there be light in Jesus name in their marriage
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00532-00340344-00340880 in their relationship in Jesus mighty name let's continue to pray let's continue to come against
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00533-00340880-00341488 every spell and every curse in Jesus name yes Lord right now in Jesus mighty name we come against
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00534-00341488-00342120 every curse that has tormented your people right now in Jesus mighty name we command it to be
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00535-00342120-00342832 broken in Jesus name every curse spoken by the mother or the father be broken in Jesus mighty
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00536-00342832-00343584 name every curse that's tormenting marriages be broken in Jesus mighty name every curse of poverty
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00537-00343584-00344312 be broken in Jesus mighty name fire of the holy ghost fire of the holy ghost every demonic chain
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00538-00344312-00344992 every curse every cast curse every urn curse every spell every witchcraft every occultic practice
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00539-00344992-00345728 be broken now in Jesus mighty name we list we send the light of God to expose and to break the tie of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00540-00345728-00346480 the enemy right now in Jesus mighty name any curse in their lives be broken now we send the fire of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00541-00346480-00347312 God to sever the tie to sever the tie to any curse in our lives right now in Jesus name every curse
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00542-00347312-00348000 every curse of poverty be broken in Jesus name every curse of setback be broken in Jesus mighty
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00543-00348000-00348728 name every curse now be broken in Jesus name every bloodline curse be broken in Jesus name every
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00544-00348728-00349416 generational curse from generation to generation be broken now in the name of Jesus we loose your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00545-00349416-00350112 grip you demonic spirit you demonic power be broken now in Jesus mighty name we just sin the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00546-00350112-00350736 power and the fire of the Holy Spirit to being been to to be bringing deliverance now in Jesus
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00547-00350736-00351344 name in Jesus name in the mighty name of Jesus in the mighty name of Jesus I as bryson was praying
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00548-00351400-00351976 I sensed there was a person that was a person it's an unique situation you left the church
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00549-00352104-00352680 you left one particular church and the pastor spoke negative things over you and it was a
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00550-00352680-00353272 nasty breakup if I could put it this way and and after that you felt like there's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00551-00353352-00353832 this confusion this this like you can't get settled something something's happening some
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00552-00353832-00354544 disturbance in your spirit you're even having difficulty praying if that's you and you're
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00553-00354544-00355096 on zoom let us know wave your hands so I can identify I wanna I wanna I wanna confirm this
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00554-00355096-00355520 I felt that strongly that there's a person that you left the church and man of God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00555-00355656-00356176 and he spoke negative things into your life I feel like specifically about your children
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00556-00356176-00356512 pastor there's a person named carla gonzalez says this was me
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00557-00356672-00357232 carla if you can jump on the zoom so we can pray for you or um if you can give us some more details
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00558-00357368-00357888 details of what what what is that about because like we talked about that there's men of God
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00559-00357888-00358384 can that's that's not Christ-like because when disciples of Jesus they wanted to send
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00560-00358384-00359064 fire down on the city Jesus rebuked them said this is not the way to go but because men of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00561-00359064-00359624 God pastors they hold a spiritual authority if they speak negative things into our life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00562-00359744-00360120 and i'm talking i'm not talking about negative when it's a rebuke because we sinned
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00563-00360120-00360664 because we didn't do things properly maybe because we do things that were unwise i'm talking about
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00564-00360664-00361472 when when it's outside of God's word and they have spoken and cursed you by their negative speech or
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00565-00361472-00361960 your parents will never serve or your children will never serve God if you leave this church or
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00566-00361960-00362424 you will not go you you will not go to church and it's not going to be well with you or things of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00567-00362424-00363056 that nature pastors have no right of saying that over their people that God has entrusted them with
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00568-00363128-00363696 and so if that's you carl let us know let us know we want to we're going to pray for you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00569-00363808-00364256 she's on zoom she's going to be joining soon okay let's identify and pray for her because
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00570-00364256-00364792 I feel like there's there's there's problems in her family right now because of that and we're
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00571-00364792-00365304 going to pray and she will be delivered in Jesus name in the mighty name of Jesus I believe that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00572-00365304-00366168 after this prayer if he was sincere in in this prayer of releasing forgiving forgiving yourself
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00573-00366168-00366792 recognizing what you've done wrong repenting and making Amends I believe that after this prayer
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00574-00366792-00367296 some of your marriages will be unlocked some of your businesses and finances will be unlocked
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00575-00367296-00367928 some of you some of you will experience God's breakthrough in the area of relationship you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00576-00367928-00368376 actually will be able to get married instead of going from one situation to another situation to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00577-00368376-00369312 a third situation with with that man that man or the other woman in Jesus name in Jesus name in the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00578-00369312-00369784 mighty name of Jesus Christ thank you Lord thank you Lord do you have any words you want to share
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00579-00370112-00370568 in the mighty name of Jesus Christ I want to pray specifically for the area of relationships
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00580-00370720-00371096 in this area often times would you run in in the area of relationships
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00581-00371096-00371304 the way we break up the way we go about it
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00582-00371536-00372280 and I i have a sense that there is a quite a few of you quite a few of you on on zoom and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00583-00372280-00372816 youtube and facebook where you can recall a moment when the relationship went bad
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00584-00372984-00373328 and in the heat of the moment anger and high emotions
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00585-00373440-00373840 bad things were spoken over your life and now that you're listening to this message
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00586-00373896-00374568 and you recall in it you can see the effects of those words over your life if that's you let us
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00587-00374568-00375384 know if that's you on zoom wave your hand at me I wanna I wanna see I wanna identify you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00588-00375504-00376256 um carla okay okay i'll i'll i'll come back to you uh I think carla has joined us
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00589-00376256-00376784 on a zoom zoom where she had just saw carla here right there carla carr
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00590-00376936-00377168 yeah that's I think it's the one from youtube
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00591-00377680-00378240 hello carla can you hear us you have to unmute yourself
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00592-00378584-00378848 i can feel the holy ghost ah it's me
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00593-00378960-00379592 carla what's happening uh what I have been praying I have been going through financial difficulty my
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00594-00379592-00380152 marriage has been struggling I have been praying praying staying in constant presence of the Lord
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00595-00380232-00380808 uh I knew this was coming uh what what happened I just feel the holy ghost stopped what happened
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00596-00381288-00381728 i released a word of knowledge saying there's a person that their relationship the way you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00597-00381728-00382216 parted ways from the church and the way well pastor pastor spoke negative things over over
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00598-00382216-00382664 that person you you said that this is you so can you tell a little bit more to us what happened
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00599-00382848-00383632 uh from a young age i've been seeking God and i've been to a couple churches just seeking God and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00600-00383712-00384664 I have been very rejected and it led to me uh just trying to seek God all on my own and running
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00601-00384664-00385480 through so many things in my life and now coming to Christ okay okay let me pray for you just um
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00602-00385656-00386504 father in the mighty name of Jesus I break every curse every every cast curse every spoken word
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00603-00386504-00387288 every negative spoken word over her life in Jesus name fire of the holy ghost fire of the holy ghost
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00604-00387288-00387720 fire the holy ghost holy ghost fire all over her life right now in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00605-00387920-00388496 every demonic curse every spell every negative word that was spoken over her right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00606-00388704-00389456 in Jesus name be broken in the mighty name of Jesus every open door to any
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00607-00389456-00390256 curse right now be closed in Jesus name fire the holy ghost fire the holy ghost in Jesus
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00608-00390400-00390784 mighty name Lord do your work right now in her life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00609-00390896-00391912 expel and expose every demon tormenting her right now let her experience your freedom in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00610-00391976-00392592 fire holy ghost five holy ghost in Jesus name let there be light in her mind
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00611-00392704-00393664 let there be light in her soul right now in Jesus name in Jesus name in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00612-00393880-00394304 carla I believe that in this prayer you received God's touch
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00613-00394416-00395072 so live your life in obedience to God live your life committed to the house of God and the Lord
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00614-00395072-00395720 will see you through in Jesus name Amen Amen thank you be blessed be blessed thank you Lord
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00615-00395776-00396512 i'm coming back to the people I want to talk about I want to pray for those people that in the past
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00616-00396640-00397360 a relationship has gone wrong relationship has gone bad and there were words spoken over you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00617-00397472-00397976 that you will never get married you will not be happy without me nobody else is gonna want you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00618-00397976-00398864 except me um you're ugly you're all kinds of all kinds of names I even had I even was praying for
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00619-00398864-00399512 a uh for a woman not too long ago where where her boyfriend consistently was calling her a slot and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00620-00399512-00400088 a [ __ ] all the time and when the relationship broke up she found herself in prostitution for
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00621-00400088-00400624 no reason she said I didn't want it but anywhere she would go she would get pulled to prostitution
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00622-00400624-00400968 because those words were constantly spoken over her life over and over and over and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00623-00400968-00401448 over and over again and she accepted it and that's then what began to operate in her life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00624-00401504-00402048 I want to pray for those people that were in abusive relationships especially women
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00625-00402264-00402864 men as well if you're good but uh what I find is often that's it it pertains to women that you are
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00626-00402864-00403448 an abusive relationship and and bad and negative words were always spoken over you and you either
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00627-00403448-00403888 accepted them or you seen that you can't break away from them right now they're hunting you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00628-00404000-00404672 in your mind and even spiritually or a relationship has gone bad and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00629-00404672-00405416 and uh that other person spoke these words you'll never be happy without me you will be
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00630-00405416-00405920 you won't be with anybody else but me and things of such a nature and now you find yourself stuck
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00631-00405976-00406464 in a bad cycle in relationship you can't progress in the area of relationship if that's you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00632-00406464-00406800 wave your hand wave your hand I want to pray for you wave your hand wave your hand
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00633-00406864-00407432 one two three four five six seven people eight people nine ten people no zoom 11 people 12 people
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00634-00407568-00408208 if that's you also on on zoom uh sorry on zoom on facebook and youtube go ahead comment we'll
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00635-00408208-00408720 be praying for you this prayer right now is gonna be corporate prayer for for for every single one
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00636-00408720-00409176 of you why are we waiting for comments I wanna I wanna hear from from uh a few people that are
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00637-00409176-00409568 keep waving on zoom keep waving those of you on zoom keep waving keep waving keep watching
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00638-00409992-00410432 let's don't pin her but i'll meet Christy uh Christy prescott I want to ask her
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00639-00410784-00411143 just send me her yeah or this one today
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00640-00411352-00411680 don't don't pit her it's fine i'm just going to ask him random people here now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00641-00411680-00412264 Christie can you hear me yes hi hi where are you watching us from i'm from virginia
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00642-00412264-00412735 virginia so can you tell me uh you were waving your hand to receive prayer for this briefly
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00643-00412816-00413184 what what happened in your relationships what that makes you think that you need this prayer
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00644-00413280-00413992 um well I guess a lot I guess the main words that were used against me was like lazy bad with money
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00645-00413992-00414656 like not smart okay stuff like that and then do you are you experiencing now in this area
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00646-00414656-00414943 the problems in this area you feel like these these things are affecting you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00647-00415080-00415647 um I think so um I haven't really thought about it but okay yeah all right we're
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00648-00415647-00416135 gonna pray that's we're gonna pray right now uh against us so just go ahead and bring somebody
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00649-00416135-00416672 else I just wanna while we're waiting for some more people on youtube minimize okay
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00650-00416888-00417224 who else was waving who else was wayne I think right here this this lady
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00651-00417296-00417839 in the corner oscar don't pin it just I just want to quickly briefly ask questions before
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00652-00417839-00418424 we so people see what i'm talking about is real as I don't know what's it says sounds like some
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00653-00418424-00419168 kind of a gmail this lady right here in the corner yeah that one can you meet yourself ma'am hello
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00654-00419456-00419704 hi yes hi what's your name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00655-00419968-00420335 my name is it doms okay where are you watching us from
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00656-00420592-00420935 this is miami florida florida what happened in
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00657-00420935-00421192 your relationship that you feel like you need prayer in this area
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00658-00421512-00422392 well um my ex-husband um whom was very very abusive um almost daily he used to tell me if
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00659-00422392-00422896 for any argument he would just say you're never gonna be alone i'm gonna leave you and at the end
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00660-00422896-00423680 I i left him because he was a photo narc but um he kept cursing me with words like you're always
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00661-00423680-00424135 gonna be alone you're never gonna have anybody you're gonna be alone he constantly would say that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00662-00424135-00424912 and I i do struggle a lot in my relationships so okay um yeah and I i've divorced some three years
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00663-00424912-00425456 already but I do see a pattern in that area okay we're gonna be we're gonna be praying right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00664-00425456-00425864 i'm just quickly getting small little bites just to show people that are watching us right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00665-00425864-00426400 that these things is real the things that were pronounced especially our spouses our parents
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00666-00426400-00426872 our authority those things are those spells and those curses that have been released they are
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00667-00426872-00427184 real they are real we're going to pray here in a moment we're going to pray here in a moment
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00668-00427256-00427768 in Jesus name there are people typing on facebook uh the people have been on facebook and youtube
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00669-00427768-00428208 saying that I need this prayer i've been abused emotionally i've been spoken negative things
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00670-00428208-00428608 uh my relationships right now are not working out and I find myself alone so listen this is
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00671-00428608-00429080 this is this morning when I was praying to God what to what how and what to minister
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00672-00429080-00429480 this is the biggest thing that I thought in my spirit that God wanted us to minister and pray
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00673-00429568-00430168 because after this prayer I believe that there are certain things that will snap and break off from
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00674-00430168-00430728 your life from your relationships and some of you will find happiness in your relationships again
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00675-00430728-00431400 some of you will find good and Godly relationships some of you will find yourself out of bad ones
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00676-00431400-00431816 and God is going to be leading you into into a good solid relationship in
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00677-00431816-00432192 in the mighty name of Jesus do you have something according to that or let me just pray
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00678-00432256-00432743 okay pray all right so we're going to pray right now those of you that are on zoom
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00679-00432743-00433200 identified yourself those of you on facebook and youtube those of you are watching listen
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00680-00433312-00433728 those are you that even re-watching we have probably more testimonies of people that are
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00681-00433728-00434392 re-watching broadcast and pray through the broadcast after days and weeks and receiving
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00682-00434392-00434743 their breakthrough miracle and deliverance so right now whether you're watching re-watching
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00683-00434872-00435272 put your right hand on yourself bible says the right hand of God is power
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00684-00435472-00436056 some of you need to put your hand on your head because those words that were spoken of you are
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00685-00436056-00436608 they they locked you up in a cycle of thinking in your head right now do that do that do that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00686-00436608-00437120 oh my God so many people so many people so many people that need this prayer right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00687-00437192-00437696 I believe that this is an appointment by God for you to break out and break free
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00688-00437696-00438184 and to be happy and satisfied in your relationship in Jesus name let's pray
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00689-00438264-00438816 as you hold your hand on your head right now in the mighty name of Jesus Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00690-00438968-00439664 I command fire of God to consume every person right now under my voice under the influence
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00691-00439664-00440400 of this telecast this broadcast every person who is stuck in an abusive relationship every person
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00692-00440400-00440880 who left an abusive relationship but they're stuck with these mental strongholds
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00693-00440880-00441552 and these open doors to spells and curses over their life right now I break that influence
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00694-00441552-00442056 I break that influence I break that influence in the mighty name of Jesus Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00695-00442176-00442839 you demons control in their life you chain holding them back holding them hostage
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00696-00442952-00443639 chain of loneliness chain of disappointment in marriage chain of constant setback chain
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00697-00443639-00444520 of divorce chain of marrying and remarrying right now be broken in Jesus name every spell
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00698-00444520-00445168 every curse every word that was spoken over their life I break it by the authority of Jesus Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00699-00445168-00445824 I break it by the fire of the holy ghost fire the holy ghost fire holy ghost fire the holy ghost
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00700-00445912-00446672 fire the holy ghost fire the holy ghost in Jesus mighty name in Jesus
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00701-00446672-00447343 mighty name be free in your relationships be free in your marriage be free in your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00702-00447480-00448184 walk with God in Jesus name be free in Jesus mighty name be free from loneliness
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00703-00448184-00448768 and disappointment be free from divorce right now in the mighty name of Jesus Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00704-00448880-00449272 in the mighty name of Jesus Christ there is a there's a lady that is watching
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00705-00449368-00449784 you're in a relationship actually it's even a good relationship I want to even say a Godly
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00706-00449784-00450256 relationship and everything on outside is good the person is good he's treating
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00707-00450256-00450704 you good but it's something down inside of you just just repulses you from this person
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00708-00450952-00451416 and it's because the words that were spoken over your life if there's that person assume
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00709-00451416-00451888 identify yourself identify yourself you're in a good relationship everything is good
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00710-00451952-00452504 it's not an abusive relationship it's actually a Godly relationship but you have no love
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00711-00452584-00453247 no affection to your husband you you feel lonely in your marriage everything is fine
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00712-00453247-00453600 everything's good but something's wrong with you feel like something's wrong with you if that's you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00713-00453600-00453856 identify yourself I want to I want to pray for you I want to pray for you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00714-00454104-00454360 sue let's just meet her sue
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00715-00454624-00454784 sue how are you you can actually pin her
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00716-00455096-00455512 sue how are you i'm fine what's happening with you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00717-00455776-00456304 just everything that you were speaking that my husband is a Christian we are both Christians
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00718-00456304-00457047 that we've been married for 24 years um and i'm not really sure back when we were early married
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00719-00457047-00457384 he told me that if it weren't for me that our marriage would be perfect
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00720-00457560-00458072 and um I just still to this day it's something that I will bring up because i'm just
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00721-00458072-00458568 I feel like it's really is me that if it's if it weren't for me our marriage would be perfect
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00722-00458688-00459384 and I just and i'm totally you like I can't like I don't have any physical contact with him
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00723-00459464-00459943 like we don't hug much we don't kiss much because I just when you said repulse that's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00724-00459943-00460720 exactly how I feel about him all right let's are you ready to pray are you ready okay just
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00725-00460720-00461096 put your right hand on yourself right now put it on on your head or your shirt put it on your head
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00726-00461152-00461616 because right now that that mental blockage and that spiritual blockage will be broken and you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00727-00461616-00462039 will see that your feelings for your husband will come back the intimacy will come back after this
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00728-00462039-00462880 prayer in Jesus name father right now I send you a holy fire fire in Jesus name fire in the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00729-00462880-00463320 mighty name of Jesus Christ I break every words that were spoken over her life by her husband
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00730-00463376-00464056 I break every word that was received and accepted by her in Jesus name be broken in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00731-00464056-00464560 be broken in the mighty name of Jesus Christ if that's outside of i'm praying for sue right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00732-00464560-00464943 but I feel like there's more people like that that are watching us on youtube and facebook
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00733-00464943-00465543 and zoom if that's you as i'm praying for her lay your lay your right hand on your on your head and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00734-00465543-00466152 receive this prayer you will be set free in Jesus name in the mighty name of Jesus fight of all the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00735-00466152-00466880 ghosts fire the holy ghost fire the holy ghost be set free right now in Jesus name be set free right
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00736-00466880-00467712 now from every condemnation be set free from every curse and spell I cancel every every spoken word
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00737-00467712-00468288 over their life right now I suppose I cancel every word spoken over sioux right now in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00738-00468360-00469088 I rebuke it in the mighty name of Jesus catch fire catch fire catch fire catch fire get fired
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00739-00469088-00469752 in the mighty name of Jesus Christ be released by the power of God's word let there be light anyway
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00740-00469752-00470176 there's darkness in her mind let there be light and you know there's darkness in their mind right
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00741-00470176-00470792 now in Jesus name every word that was spoken over their life right now by their current husband or
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00742-00470792-00471456 previous husband or boyfriend or or whoever even parents whoever spoke over their life right now I
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00743-00471456-00472168 cancel that curse and spell over their life I cancel the power over them in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00744-00472312-00472784 be released in the fire of the holy ghost be released in the fire of the holy ghost
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00745-00472847-00473296 in Jesus name in the mighty name of Jesus if something is happening with you those of you that
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00746-00473296-00473760 watch it on youtube and and and facebook if you're if you're experiencing the power of God maybe
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00747-00473760-00474216 you're vomiting maybe you're feeling the fire of God electricity going through your body or or any
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00748-00474216-00474743 other manifestation let us know let us know let us know what's happening it's the fire of God it's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00749-00474743-00475143 the it's the presence of God that's setting you free right now in the mighty name of Jesus what's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00750-00475143-00475639 happening to you what's what are you feeling right now well i'm feeling definitely more peaceful in
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00751-00475639-00476272 fact as you were praying and my eyes were closed I like I just felt like there was this light um
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00752-00476272-00476720 at first I thought maybe I don't know i'm by a window but it's not sunlight directly coming in
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00753-00476720-00477280 but I felt like there was like light is what I could see even though my eyes were closed
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00754-00477384-00477976 come on come on come on I believe that I believe that the Lord I believe that the Lord is doing
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00755-00477976-00478632 something in your life not just something he's he has broke off that mental stronghold that mental
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00756-00478632-00479112 chain that was keeping you in bondage mental I i'm i'm believing and i'm waiting to hear your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00757-00479112-00479808 testimony with you and your husband uh being intimate again being close again loving and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00758-00479808-00480656 enjoying uh the years that that satan stole from you that you will reap it in your relationship
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00759-00480743-00481424 30 60 and 100 fall that you will have a full and and an intimate and beautiful harmonious life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00760-00481424-00481888 in Jesus name Amen let us know how it goes but we we know that the Lord has done something
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00761-00481888-00482335 in your life in Jesus name yes in Jesus name be blessed where are you watching us from by the way
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00762-00482408-00483000 i'm in michigan michigan wow wow that's amazing good to see you good to have you with us
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00763-00483280-00483856 pastors you were praying for uh these different curses relationships I felt the Holy Spirit
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00764-00483856-00484447 prompting specifically relationships between parent and child right now I want to pray
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00765-00484447-00485104 specifically against any spoken curses that were brought onto you by your father or your mother
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00766-00485104-00485688 I want to pray and break those things often times the enemy will try to target us at a young age
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00767-00485688-00486264 to be able to plant seeds in our mind about what we what we're able to do what we what we should
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00768-00486264-00486743 be doing and and it often affects the way that we grow up and there are seeds that he plants
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00769-00486743-00487368 curses that get spoken even by parents that are good parents sometimes words that the enemy uses
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00770-00487368-00487880 as as ammunition against us and so I want to pray against that right now for every person I know
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00771-00487880-00488464 that many people struggle with this and so I just want to pray a prayer generally over over people
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00772-00488528-00488968 all throughout the broadcast and if that's you just put your hand on your head right now and just
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00773-00488968-00489608 receive as I pray against these things receive that as the Holy Spirit comes in and breaks off
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00774-00489608-00490352 any lie any any curse or words that were spoken over you that were ill intent that were meant
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00775-00490352-00490976 not for your good but for your evil so right now in Jesus mighty name I break the power of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00776-00490976-00491616 curse off of our life right now in Jesus name any words that were spoken by the father or the mother
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00777-00491616-00492239 be broken now in Jesus mighty name I command them to be broken now in Jesus mighty name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00778-00492239-00492864 every word spoken in anger be broken now in Jesus name I send the fire of the holy ghost
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00779-00492928-00493864 to expel and expose every lie right now in Jesus mighty name in Jesus mighty name we rebuke every
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00780-00493864-00494528 demonic lie that's been spoken tormenting causing setback in our lives right now Holy Spirit
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00781-00494528-00495128 begin to reveal those lies that have been spoken though things from childhood right now be broken
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00782-00495128-00495752 now in Jesus name now in Jesus mighty name i'm seeing there's specifically as i'm praying there's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00783-00495752-00496360 a woman watching your relationship with your father a relationship between a father and a
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00784-00496360-00496960 daughter right now there's words that were spoken over you God wants to set you free right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00785-00496960-00497528 specifically negative words i'm seeing negative words that were spoken out of anger or out of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00786-00497528-00498408 out of misunderstanding right now in Jesus mighty name I release you I release you from that curse
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00787-00498408-00499112 by the power of the blood of Jesus be released now in Jesus name be released now in Jesus name from
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00788-00499112-00499832 every negative word spoken in Jesus name right now in Jesus name if that's you go ahead and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00789-00499832-00500512 just even if that's anybody here on zoom that can testify with uh just any connections between the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00790-00500512-00501384 mother and the father just lift your hands right now if there if there's curses that were spoken
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00791-00501520-00502080 if there's anybody specifically the father and the daughter that father daughter that I spoke over
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00792-00502312-00502735 it looks like there's a few people right now there's a few of you right now I want you those
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00793-00502735-00503176 specifically on zoom right now those of you who are experiencing that put your hand on your head
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00794-00503504-00503600 put your hand on your head
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00795-00503928-00504184 Lord Jesus
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00796-00504304-00505032 i command every curse spoken over these women right now to be broken
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00797-00505247-00505856 i command the plan of satan to be broken now in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00798-00505992-00506624 every word spoken about their identity be broken now in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00799-00506832-00507392 every word spoken about their future be broken now in Jesus mighty name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00800-00507552-00508464 satan loose your grip we renounce every word we renounce every negative and ill intent right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00801-00508520-00509176 in Jesus name Lord I pray God that you remove even the memories the pain of the memories right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00802-00509280-00510096 in Jesus mighty name Holy Spirit come and replace every lie with the peace of your presence
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00803-00510216-00511232 replace every lie with the truth of your word now in Jesus mighty name in Jesus mighty name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00804-00511232-00511664 Amen Amen if you felt something happen something shifting just go ahead and raise your hand you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00805-00511664-00512160 feel like that curse has been broken just raise your hand and just just give God the glory so
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00806-00512160-00512664 we can just give God the glory for what he's doing right now in Jesus mighty name there's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00807-00512664-00513104 a woman on here I wanted to speak to I was one of the ladies that we were praying for
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00808-00513168-00513896 if we go back to the main screen here I think it's uh right here uh young I think yana yano
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00809-00514280-00514424 you know see reyes right here
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00810-00515328-00516072 you know how are you doing good thank you good where are you watching from from texas arlington
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00811-00516072-00516672 texas okay and you rose your hand for that prayer the the word that I gave out about a relationship
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00812-00516672-00517408 between the father and the daughter yes when I was praying the Lord was highlighting you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00813-00517464-00517920 to me and I just wanted I felt the Holy Spirit prompted me to tell you that your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00814-00517920-00518552 future is bright and that what everything that you that was spoken of your life the negativity
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00815-00518552-00519112 that was spoken there were specific words even since childhood that were spoken over you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00816-00519184-00520000 that talking about how uh about your your your identity making that have messed with your mind
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00817-00520064-00520576 over the years caused you to make decisions that that that you look back on and you realize it
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00818-00520576-00521088 stemmed from childhood the Lord is releasing you right now and I just see that your future
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00819-00521088-00521904 is bright the Holy Spirit is opening up doors of a freedom in your mind right now in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00820-00522120-00522496 and the Lord is restoring love in your heart inability to receive love
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00821-00522735-00523135 inability to receive love the Lord wants to redeem that right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00822-00523328-00523776 i'm seeing in your relationships is that does that does that make sense to you in relationships
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00823-00523776-00524504 hard time being able to to receive love yes yeah i'm seeing that that the Holy Spirit is
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00824-00524504-00525160 restoring that ability right now but as you let go as you surrender God will be able to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00825-00525160-00525600 come in and heal that so I just want to pray that over you right now so lift your hands
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00826-00525896-00526208 Lord Jesus I just pray for you and i'll see right now that you would come
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00827-00526208-00527088 into her room and fill her with your love as she surrenders to you as she surrenders to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00828-00527088-00527960 your love God that you will open up doors and relationships for her in Jesus mighty name Lord
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00829-00527960-00528824 I just I just renounce all the words that were spoken over her as a child right now in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00830-00528944-00529976 that you would replace them with the truth of your word in Jesus name be released now in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00831-00530344-00530856 Lord we just I just declare over her God your blessing and your breakthrough in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00832-00530952-00531352 Amen Amen God bless you and i'll see thank you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00833-00531632-00532328 as he was praying I felt strongly in my spirit that there is a person and it's a different
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00834-00532328-00532760 type of authority it's a school it's a it's a teacher and a student type of authority
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00835-00532840-00533304 and you experience your teachers just kept saying that you're dumb and you're stupid and that you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00836-00533304-00534008 will amount to nothing but as a matter of fact you actually have a great understanding in acumen
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00837-00534008-00534568 and you have if you you you're actually a smart person but when it comes to a certain situation
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00838-00534568-00535200 it's kind of like you get blocked your memory gets blocked you just get you can't remember things
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00839-00535200-00535720 you can't figure things out and then when you kind of pull back after that after the situation you're
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00840-00535720-00536152 like oh this was easy I can't believe I couldn't figure it out I know I feel strongly that there's
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00841-00536152-00536640 a person like that that I need to pray for so that your mind so that spell that curse over your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00842-00536640-00537152 mind is cancelled if there's a person here it's it's a specifically i'm talking about a person
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00843-00537312-00538032 a a a teacher spoke these things over you but you're actually a smart person you'll have
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00844-00538032-00538584 really good understanding but just when it comes to like exams when it comes to like uh
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00845-00538584-00539016 when it comes to some kind of a situation something happens and you're trying to resolve
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00846-00539016-00539480 it you know you you know that you know how to do it but at the moment you can't do it and after the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00847-00539480-00539952 moment it's gone past you look back and it's like this was easy I can't believe it I could not solve
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00848-00539952-00540520 it that's you let me let me let me let me talk to you i'm going to pray for you there's gigi
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00849-00540520-00541128 or gigi is says it's me I saw a person waving it here priyanka I believe was waving is it
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00850-00541128-00541984 so who's who's waving then johnny paul is waving it right now let me talk to johnny uh johnny paul
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00851-00542552-00543400 hi hi hello how did I say your name joanna joanne sorry joanne where are you watching us
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00852-00543400-00544264 from uh philadelphia philadelphia what I was just saying about student and a teacher relationship uh
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00853-00544264-00544632 can you relate it can you relate to it or what what is how does that relate to you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00854-00544720-00545480 yes I can I can't okay can you can you tell them a little bit more details what happened um so
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00855-00545480-00545992 basically it's everything you explain is what i'm going through so it's like the mental block
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00856-00546056-00546704 memory on all of that and and and when you were when you were younger a teacher would speak these
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00857-00546704-00547392 negative things over your life is that is that what it was yeah it was teachers uh people okay
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00858-00547520-00547808 okay put your right hand on your on your head right now on your mind
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00859-00548040-00548328 in the mighty name of Jesus those of you that are watching us on youtube
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00860-00548328-00548688 and facebook as i'm praying for joanne i'm praying for you as well put your right hand
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00861-00548760-00549088 on your head right now and we're gonna pray against that mental blockage
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00862-00549224-00549688 that that authorities especially teachers spoke over you in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00863-00549904-00550464 fireball the ghost fire of all the ghosts on your head on your mind right now every mental
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00864-00550464-00551248 stronghold every mental blockage every memory problem right now I command you go in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00865-00551344-00551944 leave God's people leave God's people in Jesus name every spell spoken by the teachers
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00866-00552024-00552704 over them right now over over every spell spoken by parents over them that you're stupid
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00867-00552768-00553496 you're nobody you can't think you're dumb right now I cancel that spell I cancel that curse catch
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00868-00553496-00554160 fire catch fire catch fire catch fire in Jesus name be free in the mighty name of Jesus Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00869-00554360-00554928 be free in the mighty name of Jesus Christ I break every mental stronghold I break every
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00870-00554928-00555672 demonic words that were spoken and released over your life in Jesus mighty name be released
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00871-00555672-00556600 in Jesus name be released in the mighty name of Jesus Christ in the mighty name of Jesus Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00872-00556712-00557128 be free in Jesus name jen what are you feeling as i'm praying for you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00873-00557360-00557912 i just felt so um hello I just like foam in the mouth um
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00874-00558208-00558600 it's alright it's alright it's all right that's that's that's that's right
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00875-00558600-00558888 Lord is delivering you it's all right let it go
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00876-00559240-00559416 fireball the ghost in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00877-00559752-00560008 fire holy ghost in the mighty name of Jesus Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00878-00560152-00560736 people are getting set free people are getting set free specifically the person I was referring was
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00879-00560736-00561352 a man was a man they said that you're you're just too stupid and you're really good with numbers but
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00880-00561352-00561824 when it comes to exams when it comes to different things you are you just get stuck in your mind
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00881-00561824-00562472 be free right now in Jesus name be free in the mighty name of Jesus Christ be free in
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00882-00562472-00563096 the mighty name of Jesus Christ every mental blockage every spell every curse spoken of your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00883-00563096-00563656 over your life I cancel it by the blood of Jesus Christ I cancel it by the blood of Jesus Christ I
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00884-00563656-00564424 cancel it by the blood of Jesus Christ be free and released in your mind be released in your career
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00885-00564424-00565216 in Jesus mighty name thank you Lord thank you Lord thank you Lord thank you Jesus thank you Jesus
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00886-00565344-00565928 thank you Jesus thank you for your spirit that is setting free right now every person that is
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00887-00565928-00566680 under this broadcast in Jesus name in Jesus name jiren well how are you feeling right now
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00888-00566792-00567296 um it's like i'm shaking a little bit oh that's normal that's that's that's normal that's part of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00889-00567392-00567680 deliverance process I believe that God has done something in your life john
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00890-00567744-00568048 yeah you're going to do great things you're going to do great things I dealt
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00891-00568048-00568648 with that for years that's the reason I didn't finish college um it was like um
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00892-00568648-00569288 even now like I get these weird headaches like weird like pressure intestines and I still feel it
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00893-00569288-00569704 but I still feel like a great release like I feel like more freedom in my mind
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00894-00569784-00570296 okay because before this was the next thing I was going to do after this spread I believe there's a
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00895-00570296-00570808 person that due to these things actually has has a headache consistent headache like right here
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00896-00570904-00571392 yeah I don't know if that's you okay all right all right all right well then then it's one of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00897-00571392-00571840 the same person put your put your hand right here just on the back right there is that what the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00898-00571840-00572296 headache is sometimes it goes from from the front to the back all over all right yeah because this
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00899-00572296-00572784 is exactly what I what I saw is from the top to the back right here mostly so right now um those
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00900-00572784-00573200 of you that watching us online as well if you have migraine headaches if you have headaches if you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00901-00573200-00573520 have these mental blockages that we're talking about right now just put your hand right there
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00902-00573520-00573984 and we're gonna pray God's gonna begin to heal you because let's begin to set you free in the mighty
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00903-00573984-00574744 name of Jesus father I pray for joanne yeah in Jesus name be released be released by the fire of
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00904-00574744-00575312 the holy ghost be released by the fire of the holy ghost you headed leave her right now in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00905-00575448-00576088 and anybody else that's praying right now I commend every headache to be released and go
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00906-00576088-00576504 every headache be released and go every pressure in the head
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00907-00576616-00577192 release them and go every migraine release them and go leave their body right now in Jesus name
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00908-00577320-00577920 leave joanne right now in Jesus name be free in the mighty name of Jesus Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00909-00578152-00578872 fire holy ghost fireball the ghost five holy ghost five holy ghost
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00910-00579024-00579736 five holy ghost complete freedom complete freedom come free complete freedom complete freedom
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00911-00579736-00580624 complete freedom in Jesus name no more torment no more pain in Jesus name every demon every
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00912-00580624-00581264 spirit behind our headache right now live in Jesus name come out in the mighty name of Jesus Christ
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00913-00581344-00581848 come out in the mighty name of Jesus Christ right now people are being healed of every headache
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00914-00581848-00582496 every disease in the mighty name of Jesus Christ joanne how are you feeling right now um
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00915-00582560-00583104 it it's like release I don't feel it you don't feel it anymore no it's like I still feel the
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00916-00583104-00583560 little tension but it's not as bad as before come on come on that's the power of God that's touched
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00917-00583560-00584136 you and healed you in Jesus name say thank you Jesus thank you Jesus uh joanne uh we will have
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00918-00584136-00584760 our moderator ask you to come into uh to break uh breakout room on zoom so that we can take your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00919-00584760-00585184 testimony and then connect with you could you be able to do that with them right now yeah they'll
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00920-00585184-00585696 send it to you and all of those that we prayed for and we we prophesied over you on zoom our
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00921-00585696-00586248 moderators will reach out to you to to to go into a breakthrough a breakout room sorry so that we
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00922-00586248-00586736 can talk with you and and pray for you some more so uh please do that those of you watching us on
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00923-00586736-00587280 facebook and on youtube if God did something in your life let us know in the comments as well as
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00924-00587336-00587808 go to hungrygen.com testimony and testify of the goodness of God I believe that this
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00925-00587872-00588456 is the day some of you will mark it in your life that your relationship turned around your finances
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00926-00588456-00588968 turned around because that spell and that curse over your life is gone it's done it has no more
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00927-00588968-00589480 influence those words have been spoken over your life they're gone they're destroyed by the power
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00928-00589480-00590024 and the might of in of the name of Jesus Christ and you will look back and remember this wednesday
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00929-00590024-00590464 as a pivotal moment in your relationships and in your walk with God and your finances in
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00930-00590464-00591216 every area of your life I believe that God has done amazing work today in Jesus name I see about
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00931-00591216-00591880 about 350 people watching us on on on on youtube but we only have about 280
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00932-00591880-00592232 thumbs up like so those of you that are watching us on youtube go ahead and push
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00933-00592232-00592856 that like button it helps us to perhaps the algorithms to uh push these videos out for
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00934-00592856-00593496 more people to watch it more people to to tune in uh and it helps those robots that run youtube
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00935-00593608-00594184 it helps them uh put our highlight our videos so this is one of the ways that we can evangelize and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00936-00594184-00594608 and spread the gospel of Jesus Christ so just make sure before you leave this vid
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00937-00594608-00595136 before you leave this broadcast that you like this video make sure your thumb uh thumbs up is lit up
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00938-00595136-00595872 blue or green whatever whatever it is on your uh on your device before before we close I wanna I
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00939-00595872-00596400 wanna encourage you to walk in God's word walk in his principles because this will assure you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00940-00596480-00597416 uh to be blessed principles of God uh God's word is is a covering over your life and that if any
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00941-00597416-00597864 any evil man any evil person decides to even send a spell or curse over you just don't be
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00942-00597864-00598352 afraid because you know God got you covered you are under his mercies and you're under his grace
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00943-00598352-00598792 and even sometimes when we mess up it's still God's grace and mercy covers us as long as we're
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00944-00598792-00599424 quick to get up and ask him uh for forgiveness and do right uh by him and by other people and so
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00945-00599520-00599992 with that being said um also right now we're gonna come to a time of offering and giving
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00946-00599992-00600464 uh why don't you partner up with us with this ministry you see what God is doing
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00947-00600464-00601008 you see what what God is doing in people's lives and you can be a part of that you can be
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00948-00601008-00601680 um with your finances you can sponsor the kingdom of God you can sponsor the gospel to go literally
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00949-00601680-00602072 all four corners of the earth as you saw from the beginning when we started asking where people
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00950-00602072-00602592 are watching us from anywhere from india and africa you know africa different countries in
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00951-00602592-00603056 africa middle east just all over the united states people are tuning in from
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00952-00603056-00603456 all over the world and by the time by this time tomorrow we're going to have another three or
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00953-00603456-00603952 three or six thousand people watch it or re-watch this uh in from all different parts of the world
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00954-00603952-00604408 so when you're when you partner with this ministry when you give into this ministry you're giving to
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00955-00604408-00604944 the cause of the gospel and then when you go to heaven you'll be surprised how much your finances
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00956-00604944-00605352 did and you'd be surprised the people that you meet that will thank you for your financial
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00957-00605352-00605848 contribution because then the gospel could go further we could do more we can hire more staff
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00958-00605848-00606328 we can produce more content we can contact more people encourage and pray for more people
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00959-00606328-00606864 so um in I encourage you to give right now you can go through you can give through cash app or venmo
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00960-00606864-00607424 and our handle is hungry gen hungry generation sorry or you can go to online hungrygen.com
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00961-00607512-00608128 give and give through give through that through our website you can become a monthly supporter
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00962-00608128-00608656 or you can just give a one-time gift but I encourage you to partner with God's kingdom
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00963-00608656-00609080 partner with the spiritual things that God is doing because God says that when we sow
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00964-00609080-00609704 into spirit we reap spirit but when we sow into carnal things we reap carnal things sometimes we
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00965-00609704-00610232 saw in all these carnal things like uh like I like to say netflix and hulu and all uh
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00966-00610232-00610656 apple plus and all other stuff and listen they're good i'm not saying that we shouldn't have those
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00967-00610656-00611136 subscriptions but if that's the only subscriptions and that's the only donations that we do
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00968-00611192-00611760 uh and in our life and then we look in our life why our spiritual life is struggling well there
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00969-00611760-00612200 you have it that's one of the principles of God you sow into carnal things you reap carnal things
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00970-00612200-00612664 so I encourage you make sure that you sow more into spiritual things so that your spiritual life
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00971-00612728-00613560 and uh your your spirit grows because you grow where you sow so uh with that being said partner
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00972-00613560-00614008 with us financially uh all the money that that they are received they go back right
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00973-00614008-00614472 into the ministry it doesn't go to any one single person doesn't go to me it goes in the ministry
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00974-00614472-00614976 and then the ministry uses these funds to bless other support missionaries produce content hire
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00975-00614976-00615592 more staff to be able to do more of these kind of things and and you can be in this way you can be
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00976-00615592-00616072 a blessing to many many many many people so with that being said let me pray for for the offering
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00977-00616072-00616680 father I thank you for every person that has given that there that is giving there's becoming partner
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00978-00616680-00617144 God I pray Lord that your windows of heaven will be open over their life I pray for the blessing
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00979-00617144-00617680 in the area of finances I pray for the blessing in their area of marriage and in relationship in
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00980-00617680-00618264 every area of their life Lord may there be blessed may the windows of heaven be open wide Lord Lord
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00981-00618264-00618744 as they honor you in this area honor them in the area of finances Lord we thank you for every giver
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00982-00618744-00619208 we thank you for every person that gives we give you praise and we give you honor and adoration
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00983-00619208-00619776 in Jesus name we pray Amen thank you for tuning in thank you for giving thank you for submitting
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00984-00619776-00620352 your testimonies uh we are we are greatly blessed by your support by your financial support by your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00985-00620352-00620888 prayer support and your testimonies so if you have a testimony God has done something in your
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00986-00620888-00621416 life don't forget to let us know hungrygen.com testimony let us know what Jesus did for you
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00987-00621504-00622000 and uh with that being said until next wednesday we're going to be right back here next wednesday
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00988-00622000-00622416 same time and we're going to be praying for you we're going to be praying for finances next
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00989-00622416-00622912 wednesday so be sure to tune in uh and we're just going to declare God's blessing over your life and
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00990-00622912-00623424 believe that the best is yet to come as God's people we were created to rule and reign and we
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00991-00623424-00624096 were created to prosper and so uh and we're just gonna look into God's word and his principles uh
exyf6Tl6Gxc-00992-00624096-00624584 and and we're gonna pray for that in Jesus name so till next week till next wednesday shalom
eAFH2WCERHu-00000-00000078-00000716 We want to simply the expression, the quantity 2 plus 4, squared, or the quantity 2 plus
eAFH2WCERHu-00001-00000716-00001299 4, raised to the second power, plus 7 times 8.
eAFH2WCERHu-00002-00001299-00001832 We simply the expression using the order of operations, where step 1, perform all operations
eAFH2WCERHu-00003-00001832-00002629 within grouping symbols, which include parentheses, brackets, braces, and fraction bars.
eAFH2WCERHu-00004-00002629-00003261 So the first step is to find this sum inside the parentheses. 2 plus 4 is equal to 6, so
eAFH2WCERHu-00005-00003261-00004117 the given expression simplifies to 6 squared plus 7 times 8.
eAFH2WCERHu-00006-00004117-00004460 Step 2, we evaluate exponents or radicals.
eAFH2WCERHu-00007-00004460-00004888 Notice we have 6 squared or 6 raised to the second power.
eAFH2WCERHu-00008-00004888-00005333 The next step is to evaluate 6 squared.
eAFH2WCERHu-00009-00005333-00006001 Six squared means we have 2 factors of six, which equals 6 times 6, which equals 36.
eAFH2WCERHu-00010-00006001-00006742 So the given expression simplifies to 36 plus 7 times 8.
eAFH2WCERHu-00011-00006742-00007215 Moving to step 3, we multiply or divide from left to right.
eAFH2WCERHu-00012-00007215-00007700 Notice how we have multiplication here, so our next step is to find the product of 7
eAFH2WCERHu-00013-00007700-00007827 and 8.
eAFH2WCERHu-00014-00007827-00008115 Seven times 8 is equal to 56.
eAFH2WCERHu-00015-00008115-00008490 The expression simplifies to 36 plus 56.
eAFH2WCERHu-00016-00008490-00008772 There is only one operation left.
eAFH2WCERHu-00017-00008772-00009411 The last step is to find the sum, which is also the fourth step in the order of operations.
eAFH2WCERHu-00018-00009411-00009792 The last step is to add or subtract from left to right.
eAFH2WCERHu-00019-00009792-00010279 36+56 is equal to 92.
eAFH2WCERHu-00020-00010279-00010615 The given expression simplifies to 92.
eAFH2WCERHu-00021-00010615-00010722 I hope you found this helpful.
eALGMoEo_Bc-00001-00000384-00000788 I brought kids who are big fan of Harry Potter to Platform 1094 which was known as Harry Potter Cafe
eALGMoEo_Bc-00002-00000788-00000988 I brought kids who are big fan of Harry Potter to Platform 1094 which was known as Harry Potter Cafe
eALGMoEo_Bc-00003-00001276-00001755 Cafe has broomstick, cloak, magic wand, scarf and Hedwig(harry potter owl). You can borrow them for free to take a picture.
eALGMoEo_Bc-00004-00001907-00002344 cute Harry Potter toys
eALGMoEo_Bc-00005-00002420-00002834 Take a photo in front of a mural, too
eALGMoEo_Bc-00006-00002906-00003342 THREE BROOMSTICKS FIRE WHISKY HALF-CHICKEN. Yummy
eALGMoEo_Bc-00007-00003376-00003786 Pork Ribs
eALGMoEo_Bc-00008-00003911-00004388 Crab Alio Olio, but I changed to Vegi version. It is not original alio olio taste. I prefer the original taste, though. but all other foods are yummy.
eALGMoEo_Bc-00009-00004436-00004920 Desert looks great
eALGMoEo_Bc-00010-00004988-00006945 Kids enjoy playing with dry ice.
eALGMoEo_Bc-00011-00007014-00008964 Please refer their menu
eALGMoEo_Bc-00012-00009094-00009632 Their famous drink
eALGMoEo_Bc-00013-00009824-00010084 You can have brunch
eALGMoEo_Bc-00014-00010140-00010784 Their Afternoon Tea Set is so CUTE!!
eALGMoEo_Bc-00015-00010822-00011164 You can order Harry Potter Ice cream cake in advance.
eALGMoEo_Bc-00016-00011226-00011590 Here are the address, opening hours and phone# for reservation.
eEJphVTOprc-00000-00002642-00002842 world vlog of nature 
eJ6h76CfaX8-00000-00000002-00000294 (upbeat pop music)
eJ6h76CfaX8-00001-00000488-00000791 - Hello, my name is Evviva Weinraub Lajoie
eJ6h76CfaX8-00002-00000791-00000985 and I'd like to take a moment to welcome you
eJ6h76CfaX8-00003-00000985-00001211 to the University at Buffalo Libraries
eJ6h76CfaX8-00004-00001211-00001404 and to point out some important changes
eJ6h76CfaX8-00005-00001404-00001707 we've implemented for your health and safety.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00006-00001707-00002036 This fall, Abbott, Lockwood, and Silverman Libraries
eJ6h76CfaX8-00007-00002036-00002410 will be open for UB students, faculty, and staff.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00008-00002410-00002662 Please check the website for hours.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00009-00002662-00003088 Face masks are required at all times while in the libraries
eJ6h76CfaX8-00010-00003088-00003267 and we've reconfigured our spaces
eJ6h76CfaX8-00011-00003267-00003422 to promote physical distancing.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00012-00003519-00003720 The Whispers Cafe in both Abbott
eJ6h76CfaX8-00013-00003720-00003947 and Silverman Libraries are closed.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00014-00003947-00004095 Food and drink are not permitted
eJ6h76CfaX8-00015-00004095-00004303 in the libraries at this time.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00016-00004303-00004635 Disinfecting wipes are available at library service desks
eJ6h76CfaX8-00017-00004635-00004804 and hand sanitizer dispensers
eJ6h76CfaX8-00018-00004804-00005073 have been placed throughout our buildings.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00019-00005073-00005307 UB Facilities staff has increased the frequency
eJ6h76CfaX8-00020-00005307-00005507 of daily cleanings in our libraries
eJ6h76CfaX8-00021-00005507-00005694 and we've installed plexiglass shields
eJ6h76CfaX8-00022-00005694-00005927 at our service desks for everyone's safety.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00023-00006026-00006389 UB IT has installed new touchless printing stations
eJ6h76CfaX8-00024-00006389-00006654 located throughout the libraries.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00025-00006654-00006801 We've made it easy to borrow
eJ6h76CfaX8-00026-00006801-00007031 and return library materials too.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00027-00007031-00007263 Use the UB Libraries Self-Checkout app
eJ6h76CfaX8-00028-00007263-00007592 or stop by a self-checkout kiosk to borrow items.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00029-00007592-00007823 When returning items, use one of the book drops
eJ6h76CfaX8-00030-00007823-00008194 outside of Abbott, Lockwood, or the Law library.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00031-00008194-00008428 Overdue fines have been temporarily waived.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00032-00008428-00008731 And for the time being, there is perpetual renewal
eJ6h76CfaX8-00033-00008731-00009047 on items borrowed prior to the pandemic.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00034-00009047-00009308 All of our popular services, like Delivery+,
eJ6h76CfaX8-00035-00009308-00009529 our virtual workshops,
eJ6h76CfaX8-00036-00009529-00009817 24/7 Ask a Librarian research service,
eJ6h76CfaX8-00037-00009817-00010208 and our video recording rooms continue to remain available.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00038-00010208-00010383 These are just a few of the many ways
eJ6h76CfaX8-00039-00010383-00010560 we have prepared ourselves to provide you
eJ6h76CfaX8-00040-00010560-00010857 with a safe environment to study and learn.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00041-00010857-00011017 We remain committed to supporting
eJ6h76CfaX8-00042-00011017-00011269 your successful academic journey.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00043-00011269-00011489 Together, we are stopping the spread.
eJ6h76CfaX8-00044-00011489-00011700 Together, we are UB strong.
eJnxSHyDiNU-00000-00000000-00000280 Finds from the garbage dump on 11 October 2016
eJnxSHyDiNU-00001-00000296-00000676 ...Hello,we start recording,we'll see what we're going to find interesting today...
eJnxSHyDiNU-00002-00003958-00004666 here we have another pretty god vacuum cleaner...
eJnxSHyDiNU-00003-00011326-00011816 next...
eJnxSHyDiNU-00004-00012934-00013350 ...even working...
eJnxSHyDiNU-00005-00014363-00014840 Look at Zelmer...
eJnxSHyDiNU-00006-00015066-00015719 ...The presented finds are 100%natural-That is,they have been thrown away by people for people-Unitil you overtake you MPO :)-All the presented finds are Krakow on a variety of dustbins...-You like ?-Give me a sub:):)
eNehPTejZuM-00000-00000024-00000238 So you have how many supplements to write?
eNehPTejZuM-00001-00000238-00000476 I know, there are a ton.
eNehPTejZuM-00002-00000476-00000808 And you want to learn how to save time and potentially even write less.
eNehPTejZuM-00003-00000894-00001420 By the end of this video, I will break down basically the two main types of supplements
eNehPTejZuM-00004-00001420-00001800 and their key elements, so you can be potentially writing less and saving time.
eNehPTejZuM-00005-00001800-00002124 Thank you for joining me on my channel for the best college essay advice.
eNehPTejZuM-00006-00002125-00002341 Subscribe and hit the bell.
eNehPTejZuM-00007-00002341-00002582 After the "Why us?"
eNehPTejZuM-00008-00002582-00002764 essays, "Why NYU/Brown/Tulane/UCF?"
eNehPTejZuM-00009-00002764-00003108 ... Basically a ton of schools have the "Why do you want to attend our school?"
eNehPTejZuM-00010-00003108-00003586 After those, and by the way, I'm linking a few videos above because I have released basically
eNehPTejZuM-00011-00003586-00004027 kind of breakdowns on that essay and then school-specific ones, sharing my screen and
eNehPTejZuM-00012-00004027-00004303 showing you how to research like a pro.
eNehPTejZuM-00013-00004303-00004864 The other supplemental essays tend to be two types of kind of activity/identity.
eNehPTejZuM-00014-00004864-00005214 Stay tuned and I will break down those so that you can definitely adapt and recycle
eNehPTejZuM-00015-00005214-00005314 and save time.
eNehPTejZuM-00016-00005314-00005754 Hi, I'm Dr. Josie with Write Your Acceptance, with hundreds of students in college or graduates
eNehPTejZuM-00017-00005754-00005854 by now.
eNehPTejZuM-00018-00005854-00006054 I know what they're looking for, and now it's your turn.
eNehPTejZuM-00019-00006054-00006219 Type one, the identity essay.
eNehPTejZuM-00020-00006219-00006511 And so, actually, a caveat first.
eNehPTejZuM-00021-00006511-00006967 Before you get started, you don't want to recycle any information, any major information
eNehPTejZuM-00022-00006967-00007300 that you've used in your common app or coalition app essay, right?
eNehPTejZuM-00023-00007300-00007698 So that essay ideally is going to all the schools, so you don't want to borrow anything
eNehPTejZuM-00024-00007698-00007798 from there.
eNehPTejZuM-00025-00007798-00008003 You want to kind of draft something new.
eNehPTejZuM-00026-00008003-00008520 So the identity part of your supplements could be something like "Tell us about a community
eNehPTejZuM-00027-00008520-00008765 you belong to, you're a part of.
eNehPTejZuM-00028-00008765-00009036 How will you enrich our school?"
eNehPTejZuM-00029-00009036-00009446 So it's those types of kind of tangential moments where you're going to talk about who
eNehPTejZuM-00030-00009446-00009897 you are and how you add a nice flavor to their college.
eNehPTejZuM-00031-00009897-00010285 Students have used holiday parties in the past.
eNehPTejZuM-00032-00010285-00010570 I'll give you examples.
eNehPTejZuM-00033-00010570-00011031 So some students use a holiday dinner at their house, and that'll kind of allow them to dip
eNehPTejZuM-00034-00011031-00011645 into cultural traditions and customs, various languages, how their role in their family
eNehPTejZuM-00035-00011645-00012170 as peacemaker or as kind of someone that is more politically inclined ... Without getting
eNehPTejZuM-00036-00012170-00012470 into any politics, you don't want to alienate anyone.
eNehPTejZuM-00037-00012470-00012930 But showing who you are within a mix of people, of a community.
eNehPTejZuM-00038-00012930-00013436 Another example is a student joining a student club and then assuming a leadership role.
eNehPTejZuM-00039-00013436-00014016 Maybe they give kind of a ... Zero-in on an example on how they made an unpopular choice,
eNehPTejZuM-00040-00014016-00014397 but it was the right choice to make and what they learned about leadership, what they learned
eNehPTejZuM-00041-00014397-00014872 about friendship and about how to kind of navigate social tensions when you know you
eNehPTejZuM-00042-00014872-00015262 are taking the right course but it may not be the most popular necessarily.
eNehPTejZuM-00043-00015262-00015362 What did you learn?
eNehPTejZuM-00044-00015362-00015754 Another example is a student who writes about their impromptu Sunday soccer games.
eNehPTejZuM-00045-00015754-00016283 So basically one person of the group kind of emails or texts everyone in this distribution
eNehPTejZuM-00046-00016283-00016685 list, and then you have X amount of time to opt in or out of the game for that Sunday.
eNehPTejZuM-00047-00016685-00017251 And so he talks about how that has reframed his idea of identity and community as much
eNehPTejZuM-00048-00017251-00017690 more dynamic and makeshift and something that you kind of help to build.
eNehPTejZuM-00049-00017690-00018287 As the players that come together, him included, are from all walks of life, all backgrounds,
eNehPTejZuM-00050-00018287-00018842 all dimensions, all ages, all abilities, and so he kind of talks about that game as a community
eNehPTejZuM-00051-00018842-00019311 that is not kind of the expected type of community.
eNehPTejZuM-00052-00019311-00019816 For more examples like these, I have a video linked, where I talk about how students use
eNehPTejZuM-00053-00019816-00020167 mangoes, cross-country running, a dental office.
eNehPTejZuM-00054-00020167-00020467 So you really want to kind of pick apart and get really creative with your identity.
eNehPTejZuM-00055-00020467-00020944 But once you have a core identity supplement, you can kind of adapt that and make it bendy
eNehPTejZuM-00056-00020944-00021124 and use it elsewhere.
eNehPTejZuM-00057-00021124-00021331 Type two, the activity supplement.
eNehPTejZuM-00058-00021331-00021840 So this prompt is like "Tell us about an extracurricular activity that is most important to you."
eNehPTejZuM-00059-00021840-00022241 So basically the student that wrote about mangoes wrote about her debate team.
eNehPTejZuM-00060-00022241-00022973 I've seen supplements on Model UN, youth soccer coaching, teaching fourth-grade math for a
eNehPTejZuM-00061-00022973-00023164 summer program.
eNehPTejZuM-00062-00023164-00023588 The student that would write about cross-country, for instance, so it's kind of an activity,
eNehPTejZuM-00063-00023588-00024016 but they define it as a community for the first supplement, the first type, would write
eNehPTejZuM-00064-00024016-00024380 about then teaching fourth-grade math for their activity.
eNehPTejZuM-00065-00024380-00024953 So you can think about kind of where you would put what, but definitely don't recycle the
eNehPTejZuM-00066-00024953-00025076 content, right?
eNehPTejZuM-00067-00025076-00025465 So one identity topic, one kind of activity-driven topic.
eNehPTejZuM-00068-00025465-00025565 Quick tip.
eNehPTejZuM-00069-00025565-00025834 So it doesn't have to be the one or two activities you do the most.
eNehPTejZuM-00070-00025834-00026097 It should be an activity that you've learned a lot from.
eNehPTejZuM-00071-00026097-00026662 So basically you can kind of end with kind of lessons learned towards the end of the
eNehPTejZuM-00072-00026662-00026872 supplement, however long or short that supp is.
eNehPTejZuM-00073-00026872-00027147 Now, how I frame it to my students.
eNehPTejZuM-00074-00027147-00027444 The identity essay should be ... It can be something you do.
eNehPTejZuM-00075-00027444-00027762 So it can be cross-country but you're framing it as a community.
eNehPTejZuM-00076-00027762-00028191 And it's something that you kind of ... You want to end with something that you've learned.
eNehPTejZuM-00077-00028191-00028593 The activity essay ... It could be cross-country, but it could be something else, right?
eNehPTejZuM-00078-00028593-00028933 The activity is something that you do, that you've learned from.
eNehPTejZuM-00079-00028933-00029303 But how have you kind of socially impacted, no matter how big or small?
eNehPTejZuM-00080-00029303-00029738 Whether it's you've cheered on a student that kind of was shying away from the activity,
eNehPTejZuM-00081-00029738-00030428 or you've kind of founded a kind of youth soccer program in an area of your community
eNehPTejZuM-00082-00030428-00030528 that didn't have one.
eNehPTejZuM-00083-00030528-00030957 So how have you impacted kind of your community, however small or big?
eNehPTejZuM-00084-00030957-00031518 And then in that way you're really kind of hitting a lot of aspects with either the identity
eNehPTejZuM-00085-00031518-00032036 or the activity supplement, where yes, you're talking about identity, but you're also talking
eNehPTejZuM-00086-00032036-00032136 about an activity.
eNehPTejZuM-00087-00032136-00032250 You're talking about community.
eNehPTejZuM-00088-00032250-00032418 You're talking about social contribution.
eNehPTejZuM-00089-00032418-00032869 In the activity one, you're doing the same thing, about your role within the community,
eNehPTejZuM-00090-00032869-00033168 about what you've learned and about how you've impacted your community.
eNehPTejZuM-00091-00033168-00033515 So it's like a lot kind of going on within the supplement.
eNehPTejZuM-00092-00033515-00033927 And ideally you want to hit a couple of these aspects smoothly, right?
eNehPTejZuM-00093-00033927-00034054 That's the goal.
eNehPTejZuM-00094-00034054-00034665 Now that you know the types of supps, do you know how to structure them for maximum engagement?
eNehPTejZuM-00095-00034665-00034937 One phrase, Latin phrase, in medias res.
eNehPTejZuM-00096-00034937-00035156 So you want to get in the middle of things.
eNehPTejZuM-00097-00035156-00035502 I had a free college essay download that'll help you with the main essay.
eNehPTejZuM-00098-00035502-00035993 But then it'll also give you a quick video presentation on how to really structure that
eNehPTejZuM-00099-00035993-00036441 beginning of the supplement, so that you get into the content right away, you're engaging
eNehPTejZuM-00100-00036441-00036772 your reader, and you're just kind of maximizing that content.
eNehPTejZuM-00101-00036772-00037078 It's a free college essay download in the description below.
eNehPTejZuM-00102-00037078-00037178 Grab that.
eNehPTejZuM-00103-00037178-00037477 If you found this video helpful, please give us a like, comment below.
eNehPTejZuM-00104-00037477-00037646 Thank you, thank you.
eNehPTejZuM-00105-00037646-00037756 And I'll keep bringing them out.
eNehPTejZuM-00106-00037756-00037856 Thank you so much.
eNehPTejZuM-00107-00037856-00037906 I'll see you soon.
eP4AyDatnsA-00000-00000142-00000729 Men in black have been a existing belief with in the ufology movement since almost the very
eP4AyDatnsA-00001-00000729-00000834 start.
eP4AyDatnsA-00002-00000834-00001470 This group of mysterious men are regularly seen during or after UFO activity.
eP4AyDatnsA-00003-00001470-00001914 Most of us are familiar with the idea thanks to books and movies.
eP4AyDatnsA-00004-00001914-00002500 What you may not know is that appear at other phenomena and in other countries, in this
eP4AyDatnsA-00005-00002500-00003002 video we take a look at the Japanese men in black.
eP4AyDatnsA-00006-00003002-00003698 Welcome to IF we take a look at the strange and unusual and ask IF it could real?
eP4AyDatnsA-00007-00003698-00004382 New content posted weekly make sure to that subscribe and ring that little bell so you
eP4AyDatnsA-00008-00004382-00004674 never miss a new video.
eP4AyDatnsA-00009-00004674-00005126 These mysterious figures are said to have a strange appearance with features which make
eP4AyDatnsA-00010-00005126-00005458 them appear to be something other than human.
eP4AyDatnsA-00011-00005458-00006012 What you may not know is that these group of MIB look into a different kinds of paranormal
eP4AyDatnsA-00012-00006012-00006123 events.
eP4AyDatnsA-00013-00006123-00006606 The Japanese men black are not only tasked with looking into the unidentified flying
eP4AyDatnsA-00014-00006606-00006872 objects and alien sightings.
eP4AyDatnsA-00015-00006872-00007431 They also focus their attention on another strange cryptid creature the ningen.
eP4AyDatnsA-00016-00007431-00008228 Ningen are a strange cryptid, said to be extremely large and found mainly in the pacific, Antarctic
eP4AyDatnsA-00017-00008228-00008452 and Atlantic oceans.
eP4AyDatnsA-00018-00008452-00008994 They are snow white in color with the only distinct facial feature being two very big
eP4AyDatnsA-00019-00008994-00009132 eye.
eP4AyDatnsA-00020-00009132-00009724 They have a small slit like mouth and some have reported flexible arms and legs.
eP4AyDatnsA-00021-00009724-00010250 This mysterious animal took the cryptic world by storm after it was featured on a popular
eP4AyDatnsA-00022-00010250-00010824 Japanese forum which reported that an animal matching the description was hauled onboard
eP4AyDatnsA-00023-00010824-00011079 a government research vessel.
eP4AyDatnsA-00024-00011079-00011663 This is when the men in black are said to have arrived on the scene and intervened.
eP4AyDatnsA-00025-00011663-00012234 In this video we are going to concentrate on the MIB, We can come back to ningen at
eP4AyDatnsA-00026-00012234-00012374 later date.
eP4AyDatnsA-00027-00012374-00013181 If that is something that you would be interested in, let me know in the comments below.
eP4AyDatnsA-00028-00013181-00013719 The Japanese government are thought to be working in collaboration with the men in black
eP4AyDatnsA-00029-00013719-00014294 and its is told that they became heavily involved with the investigation of this animal.
eP4AyDatnsA-00030-00014294-00014809 This because of the large number of videos and photos and reported sightings that started
eP4AyDatnsA-00031-00014809-00014959 to flood the web.
eP4AyDatnsA-00032-00014959-00015361 This is where we enter the strange world of these Asian men in black.
eP4AyDatnsA-00033-00015361-00015954 The agents, if that is what they are, would appear to witnesses or those posting content
eP4AyDatnsA-00034-00015954-00016123 online.
eP4AyDatnsA-00035-00016123-00016729 These men are reported to follow a standard appearance, wearing a simple dark hat, this
eP4AyDatnsA-00036-00016729-00017339 in its self is quite an odd thing for Japan, and Dressed in a black, ill-fitting suit and
eP4AyDatnsA-00037-00017339-00017750 carrying an oversized black leather briefcase.
eP4AyDatnsA-00038-00017750-00018155 Their look has given witnesses a sense of unease.
eP4AyDatnsA-00039-00018155-00018663 One reported sighting of these men said that they looked like they were wearing badly applied
eP4AyDatnsA-00040-00018663-00018875 disguises.
eP4AyDatnsA-00041-00018875-00019504 This sighting stated that although the day they were seen was not very warm, the MIB
eP4AyDatnsA-00042-00019504-00019661 were sweating heavily.
eP4AyDatnsA-00043-00019661-00020320 This sweat causing their skin to become streaky, under this skin tone covering, a paler skin
eP4AyDatnsA-00044-00020320-00020490 was revealed.
eP4AyDatnsA-00045-00020490-00021070 The facial appearance is also said to be a little odd, looking like a combination of
eP4AyDatnsA-00046-00021070-00021379 a baby and old man.
eP4AyDatnsA-00047-00021379-00021987 When a sightings of the ningen does occur or people report having evidence of the cryptid,
eP4AyDatnsA-00048-00021987-00022215 these men often appear.
eP4AyDatnsA-00049-00022215-00022799 They arrive with no announcement and ask many questions and often wish to confiscate the
eP4AyDatnsA-00050-00022799-00023220 evidence and take it away with them to who knows where?
eP4AyDatnsA-00051-00023220-00023800 If the witness posts online they are almost immediately met with a barrage of anonymous
eP4AyDatnsA-00052-00023800-00024262 comments which demand the pictures or video be taken down.
eP4AyDatnsA-00053-00024262-00024951 This could show that the MIB have online presence and monitor the web for activity that is related
eP4AyDatnsA-00054-00024951-00025348 to mysterious events.
eP4AyDatnsA-00055-00025348-00025895 This seems to be done without giving any form or identification from the commenter, the
eP4AyDatnsA-00056-00025895-00026689 messages originate from a group of users all using varying screen names and varying IP
eP4AyDatnsA-00057-00026689-00026877 addresses.
eP4AyDatnsA-00058-00026877-00027437 Those that have received one of these strange visits say that the experience is very odd,
eP4AyDatnsA-00059-00027437-00028027 the MIB are very similar to their western counterparts appearing almost robotic in their
eP4AyDatnsA-00060-00028027-00028370 actions and mannerisms.
eP4AyDatnsA-00061-00028370-00028931 One could surmise that the men in black are in actuality a global group.
eP4AyDatnsA-00062-00028931-00029357 Working with the governments of the world to collect document and maybe hide evidence
eP4AyDatnsA-00063-00029357-00029773 of sightings to what end we can only guess.
eP4AyDatnsA-00064-00029773-00030216 Working around the globe they may alter their appearance to suite the culture in which they
eP4AyDatnsA-00065-00030216-00030493 are appearing.
eP4AyDatnsA-00066-00030493-00030825 This group is not a modern creation.
eP4AyDatnsA-00067-00030825-00031369 Legends of blacked clothed men date back centuries and are not bound by culture or country.
eP4AyDatnsA-00068-00031369-00032083 UFO sighting are the most common event at which western MIB are reported but with our
eP4AyDatnsA-00069-00032083-00032766 Japanese MIB’s we hear of more appearances in regards to ningen investigations.
eP4AyDatnsA-00070-00032766-00033391 This being said they are often seen at other odd occurrences such as ghost sightings and
eP4AyDatnsA-00071-00033391-00034001 paranormal activity even at many of the reported cryptid sightings.
eP4AyDatnsA-00072-00034001-00034565 Historically these weird characters have a long record, men in black appeared clad in
eP4AyDatnsA-00073-00034565-00034911 dark robes and black turbans in biblical stories.
eP4AyDatnsA-00074-00034911-00035619 These sighting continued through the middle ages with Europeans living in fear of black
eP4AyDatnsA-00075-00035619-00036447 dressed men whom roamed the wilds, often performing vampyric acts on wandering people and cattle.
eP4AyDatnsA-00076-00036447-00037120 This is interesting due to the reported cases of MIB’s being seen at or around cattle
eP4AyDatnsA-00077-00037120-00037220 mutilations.
eP4AyDatnsA-00078-00037220-00037961 What is also very interesting is that western sighting often give these men a slightly Asian
eP4AyDatnsA-00079-00037961-00038412 appearance and we are talking about Japan.
eP4AyDatnsA-00080-00038412-00039105 Other countries in this region have legends of a race of humans that were said to be superior
eP4AyDatnsA-00081-00039105-00039393 and resided underground.
eP4AyDatnsA-00082-00039393-00040000 This linking the MIB to another mystery we covered on the channel “Hollow Earth”
eP4AyDatnsA-00083-00040000-00040213 Check the link above.
eP4AyDatnsA-00084-00040213-00040847 Tales tell of how they would send spies into the world of man to watch and sometimes manipulate
eP4AyDatnsA-00085-00040847-00041096 the actions of humanity.
eP4AyDatnsA-00086-00041096-00041656 It would seem that this is a role which they are still performing to this very day.
eP4AyDatnsA-00087-00041656-00041970 Which of these origins do you think could be true?
eP4AyDatnsA-00088-00041970-00042518 Do you think that the MIB are human or something else?
eP4AyDatnsA-00089-00042518-00042777 What do you think they could be?
eP4AyDatnsA-00090-00042777-00043365 Let me know your thought’s in the comments below.
eP4AyDatnsA-00091-00043365-00043968 If you enjoyed the video please help the channel out give it a like maybe a share and if you
eP4AyDatnsA-00092-00043968-00044297 could subscribe that would be great.
eP4AyDatnsA-00093-00044297-00044661 Catch us across social media by searching We are IF
eP4AyDatnsA-00094-00044661-00045052 Thanks so much for Watching See you next time.
ePq7m45AxWg-00000-00001793-00002013 This yamaha xmax belong to ixora bali scooter club
ePq7m45AxWg-00001-00002059-00002380 This scooter use brembo brake,ohlins shock, and also akrapovic exhaust
ePq7m45AxWg-00002-00002380-00002480 This yamaha xmax 250, and in others country use 300cc engine follow the regulation.
ePq7m45AxWg-00003-00002560-00002660 Thank you for watching,please dont hesitate to ask question on the coment.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00000-00000157-00000405 Hello, and welcome to Bay College's video lectures
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00001-00000405-00000530 for Math 085.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00002-00000530-00000810 This is Section 2.13.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00003-00000810-00001087 We're going to deal with ratios, rates, and proportions.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00004-00001087-00001411 They're very similar.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00005-00001411-00001722 The first example I'm going to use is my own household.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00006-00001722-00002027 In my home, there's myself, my two sons, my wife,
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00007-00002027-00002148 and my daughter.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00008-00002148-00002537 If we're looking at a ratio of men to women in my home,
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00009-00002537-00003060 there would be 3 men to 2 women.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00010-00003384-00003779 And how we read a ratio is we'd say,
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00011-00003779-00004635 a ratio of three men to 2 women.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00012-00004635-00005043 And that's how we would read a ratio.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00013-00005043-00005339 Now, we can also represent a ratio not only in
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00014-00005339-00005597 the English language, but we can do it in a fraction.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00015-00005597-00006490 We can say that there are 3 men for every 2 women in my home.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00016-00006490-00006820 We also use colons, a third way to represent that.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00017-00006820-00007193 And this isn't used as often in math
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00018-00007193-00007420 as maybe the fraction form because we're
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00019-00007420-00007566 familiar with fractions.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00020-00007566-00008025 But we might use the colon as 3, and I'll
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00021-00008025-00008692 put it my units, men to 2 women.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00022-00008692-00008943 But this is all essentially read the same.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00023-00008943-00009185 3 men to 2 women.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00024-00009185-00009378 Or 3 men to 2 women.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00025-00009378-00009516 3 men to 2 women.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00026-00009516-00009795 So they all read the same, and there are three different ways
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00027-00009795-00009965 to represent the same thing.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00028-00009965-00010278 So we're going to explore more on ratios, rates,
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00029-00010278-00010544 and proportions.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00030-00010544-00010763 The first thing we want to do is maybe write
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00031-00010763-00010995 these as a fraction.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00032-00010995-00011289 Now, to write these as a fraction, we got to be careful.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00033-00011289-00011458 Sometimes they have a decimal.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00034-00011458-00011701 And what we're looking at is these
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00035-00011701-00011846 do not indicate any units.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00036-00011846-00012007 So we don't have to worry about units
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00037-00012007-00012198 like we did in the example.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00038-00012198-00012677 But we do have to worry about the value of the ratios.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00039-00012677-00013062 We cannot have a fraction that contains a decimal.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00040-00013062-00013379 So what I have to do is I have to move this decimal over one
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00041-00013379-00013684 spot and put it over here.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00042-00013684-00013891 But in order to do that, because this
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00043-00013891-00014365 is a relation between one number and another, what I do to one,
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00044-00014365-00014509 I have to do to the other.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00045-00014509-00014666 Just like if I wrote a fraction.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00046-00014666-00014963 What I do to the bottom, I have to do to the top and vice
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00047-00014963-00015066 versa.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00048-00015066-00015479 So if I rewrite this as 81, moving a decimal, something
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00049-00015479-00015701 we'll explore in the next chapter,
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00050-00015701-00015940 is essentially multiplying by a factor of 10.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00051-00015940-00016091 I moved it one spot.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00052-00016091-00016309 There's a difference between ones and tens
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00053-00016309-00016478 by a factor of 10.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00054-00016478-00016838 So what I do to one of these, I have to do to the other.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00055-00016838-00017271 So if I imagine a decimal here, I got to move it over here.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00056-00017271-00017492 And now I need something as a placeholder.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00057-00017492-00018090 So it would be 81 to 100 or 81/100.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00058-00018090-00018262 And then maybe we would reduce this.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00059-00018262-00018656 This is why we might write a ratio in terms of a fraction--
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00060-00018656-00018855 so that we can go ahead and reduce it.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00061-00018855-00019095 Now, in this example, there were no units.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00062-00019095-00019291 Now in this example, we do have units.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00063-00019291-00019441 The units here is dollars.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00064-00019441-00020285 We might want to write this as a fraction, $46/$102,
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00065-00020285-00020529 and we'll keep that unit in there.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00066-00020529-00020687 Now this we can see reduces.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00067-00020687-00020881 So maybe we want to reduce this ratio
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00068-00020881-00021183 to see what is the smallest ratio of one
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00069-00021183-00021385 to another in this comparison.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00070-00021385-00021588 Well, I look at 42 and 102, and I
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00071-00021588-00021911 recognize they could both be divisible by 2.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00072-00021911-00022392 So I divide this by 2 to get 23, and I divide this by 2
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00073-00022392-00022615 to get 51.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00074-00022615-00022812 Neither of these have a common factor.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00075-00022812-00022927 23 is prime.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00076-00022927-00023126 51 is 17 times 3.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00077-00023126-00023416 But since this is prime, there are no common factors.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00078-00023416-00023517 So it would be $23/$51.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00079-00023904-00024178 So that would be our ratio.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00080-00024178-00024262 Let's look at these.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00081-00024262-00024504 What if they have units and they're different?
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00082-00024504-00024725 Well, we have to be aware of units.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00083-00024725-00024909 And just like we couldn't have a decimal,
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00084-00024909-00025193 so we wrote both numbers to not have a decimal,
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00085-00025193-00025426 we have to be aware of these units as well.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00086-00025426-00025606 And we have to do something, a fancy term
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00087-00025606-00025820 for it is dimensional analysis.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00088-00025820-00026100 We have to change the units to be consistent.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00089-00026100-00026573 I could say 24 cents to $1 is the same as 24 cents
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00090-00026573-00026832 to 100 cents, because I know there
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00091-00026832-00027150 are 100 pennies in $1, or 100 cents.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00092-00027150-00027581 Or I could write this as a dollar value
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00093-00027581-00027726 by introducing a decimal.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00094-00027726-00028208 We know that 24 cents is $0.24.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00095-00028208-00028747 So either way I do it, here's where
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00096-00028747-00028897 I'd use a colon because I don't want
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00097-00028897-00029170 to have a decimal in a fraction.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00098-00029170-00029789 So $0.24 to $1.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00099-00029789-00030802 If I did it the other way, I'd have 24 cents to 100 cents.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00100-00030802-00031102 Now, this is the form that I'd have to convert it to
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00101-00031102-00031327 in order to use the fraction.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00102-00031327-00032175 24 cents/100 cents, because this is something I can reduce.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00103-00032175-00032395 As a fraction, we always want to reduce.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00104-00032395-00032745 24 and 100 are both divisible by 4,
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00105-00032745-00033441 so I would get 6 cents/25 cents.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00106-00033441-00033584 I apologize for the handwriting.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00107-00033584-00033793 We're getting close to the edge of the board here.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00108-00033793-00034316 So 6 cents/25-- excuse me, yeah, 25 cents--
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00109-00034316-00034605 would be the same as this ratio.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00110-00034605-00034918 So you see all the different ways we can represent it.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00111-00034918-00035292 We have to be very careful when it comes to their units.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00112-00035292-00035443 We're going to look at rates.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00113-00035443-00035697 Now rates are special types of ratios,
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00114-00035697-00036032 where we're using them to compare different values.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00115-00036032-00036289 We've seen it a little bit in the units
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00116-00036289-00036435 that we were working with.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00117-00036435-00036635 But a rate is a ratio used to compare
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00118-00036635-00036887 different types of values.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00119-00036887-00037188 Now, these values, they're not the same units.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00120-00037188-00037373 We don't have to worry about converting
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00121-00037373-00037743 them to be the same units because we're comparing apples
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00122-00037743-00038053 to oranges, as an analogy there.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00123-00038053-00038566 One example of a rate that we see on a regular basis, anyone
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00124-00038566-00038766 who drives or has ridden in a car
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00125-00038766-00039343 knows that we measure our rate of speed in miles per hour.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00126-00039343-00039911 So this is a ratio, 55 miles for every 1 hour.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00127-00039911-00040371 So I could write this as 55 to 1.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00128-00040371-00040862 But I have to be aware that there are hours to--
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00129-00040862-00041471 or excuse me, miles to hours.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00130-00041471-00041670 These units, we cannot convert them.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00131-00041670-00041890 We can't write this as a unitless number
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00132-00041890-00041996 because it's a rate.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00133-00041996-00042245 Rates have different units.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00134-00042245-00042340 Here's an example.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00135-00042340-00042912 If we have twelve tables for 24 students, and maybe
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00136-00042912-00043062 I want to know how many students are
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00137-00043062-00043271 going to be at a single table.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00138-00043271-00043526 Twelve tables for 24 students, I can
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00139-00043526-00044420 write that as 12 tables/24 students.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00140-00044420-00044608 Now these are different units, so they're not
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00141-00044608-00044719 going to reduce away.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00142-00044719-00044836 They're not going to cancel.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00143-00044836-00044972 They are what they are.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00144-00044972-00045504 But what I do recognize is I can reduce the coefficients here,
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00145-00045504-00045648 the numbers.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00146-00045648-00046171 12 to 24 would reduce because 24 contains a factor of 12.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00147-00046171-00046395 12 over 24 is 1/2.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00148-00046395-00047057 1 table/2 students.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00149-00047057-00047436 So now we know how many tables we
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00150-00047436-00047854 need for every 2 students, 1 table per 2 students.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00151-00047854-00048092 Here's an example I want you to try it yourself.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00152-00048092-00048442 It says 4 inches of rain in 18 hours.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00153-00048442-00048983 Maybe in meteorology, we measure the rain over an 18-hour time
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00154-00048983-00049033 period.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00155-00049033-00049179 We had 4 inches.
ePz3aHLc2Qk-00156-00049179-00049679 Write the related rate and reduce just like we did this.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00000-00000328-00000428 Hi guys!
eS6sD-VsgXY-00001-00000428-00000739 It's Marietta, the editor in chief of the Consumer Action Handbook -- your official
eS6sD-VsgXY-00002-00000739-00001166 guide to being a smart consumer -- and today I want to talk to you about how to avoid being
eS6sD-VsgXY-00003-00001166-00001370 the victim of credit-card hacker.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00004-00001370-00001743 With holiday shopping season right around the corner, I know we’re all more likely
eS6sD-VsgXY-00005-00001743-00002275 to be giving our credit cards a workout over the next several weeks, and the last thing
eS6sD-VsgXY-00006-00002275-00002635 any of us wants is to find out our credit-cards have been hacked.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00007-00002635-00003093 Unfortunately, credit card hacking has become a really common occurrence over the past few
eS6sD-VsgXY-00008-00003093-00003193 years.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00009-00003193-00003409 In fact, recent research actually said credit-card hacking is Americans’ top crime worry!
eS6sD-VsgXY-00010-00003409-00004017 So I wanted to share some tips with you so you know what to do to protect yourself and
eS6sD-VsgXY-00011-00004017-00004349 take steps to protect yourself from credit card hacking.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00012-00004349-00004649 The first one is to use a credit card not a debit card.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00013-00004649-00005082 I know we said we're talking about credit cards, but debit cards are used interchangeably.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00014-00005082-00005514 Unfortunately the protections you have from a debit card aren't as strong if your credit
eS6sD-VsgXY-00015-00005514-00005884 card is lost or stolen or hacked.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00016-00005884-00006064 Really think about just using a credit card.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00017-00006064-00006570 Also if you use a debit card, someone could wipe out not just your account, but actual
eS6sD-VsgXY-00018-00006570-00007073 money that's connected to the debit card -- the bank account or checking account that is used
eS6sD-VsgXY-00019-00007073-00007293 to make withdrawals from a debit card.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00020-00007293-00007695 So you want to make certain that you're protecting not just that card, but think about long-term,
eS6sD-VsgXY-00021-00007695-00007969 your actual bank account and all the money that's in it.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00022-00007969-00008312 So one, don't use your debit card, use your credit card.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00023-00008312-00008857 Two, make certain when you're online shopping for the best deals, that you're using a secured
eS6sD-VsgXY-00024-00008857-00009018 internet connection.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00025-00009018-00009688 It's really easy to use free public wi-fi at bookstores, airports, train stations.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00026-00009688-00010281 But you don't know how those connections are secured, if they're secured, who has access
eS6sD-VsgXY-00027-00010281-00010399 to them.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00028-00010399-00010885 And if the information you share, bank account or credit card number is hacked, you have
eS6sD-VsgXY-00029-00010885-00011482 no real recourse if someone has stolen access to the connection.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00030-00011482-00011935 So you want to do your best to protect from that happening by just not using your credit
eS6sD-VsgXY-00031-00011935-00012121 card over those connections.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00032-00012121-00012690 And finally be smart about looking at your statements, checking them on a really regular
eS6sD-VsgXY-00033-00012690-00012994 basis especially during this holiday season.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00034-00012994-00013263 Making certain no fraudulent charges have been places on your card.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00035-00013263-00013673 And if they have been definitely contacting your credit card issuer immediately.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00036-00013673-00014363 They have the power to remove fraudulent charges so that you can contest them or to issue you
eS6sD-VsgXY-00037-00014363-00014630 a new card if it seems your card has been stolen or hacked.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00038-00014630-00015100 You don’t need to be constantly looking over your shoulder when you’re out shopping
eS6sD-VsgXY-00039-00015100-00015622 this holiday season, but it definitely want to give you some tips and some ways to prevent
eS6sD-VsgXY-00040-00015622-00016038 sorts of frauds like these so that you can avoid some headaches down the road.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00041-00016038-00016244 So best of luck with your holiday shopping.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00042-00016244-00016344 I hope you find some great deals!
eS6sD-VsgXY-00043-00016344-00016712 And if you have other consumer questions, I definitely want to hear from you.
eS6sD-VsgXY-00044-00016712-00017316 You can email me at askmarietta@gsa.gov or tweet it using the hashtag #AskMarietta.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00000-00000376-00000878 The Forgotten Battle takes place in The Netherlands in 1944.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00001-00000878-00001202 The entire story takes place around the town of Vlissingen
eTkcYhxe2f4-00002-00001232-00001811 and a bit north of the town in a region called Sloedam which was a strip of land that connected two islands.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00003-00001823-00002564 I was Lead Compositing artist on the 'Gliders' sequence, which is a 6-minute air combat sequence 
eTkcYhxe2f4-00004-00002582-00002831 of about 110 shots, all in 4K.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00005-00003138-00003665 The air combat sequence was shot entirely on location, in natural light. The problem with natural light is 
eTkcYhxe2f4-00006-00003665-00004423 that you start with shots that are grey, and we end with shots that have a slight sunset, with shades of orange.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00007-00004443-00004692 We had to deal with other elements, 
eTkcYhxe2f4-00008-00004692-00005160 like rain on some of the shots on the windshields. So for other reasons,
eTkcYhxe2f4-00009-00005160-00005467 we managed to get rid of them....and we had to handle all of it !
eTkcYhxe2f4-00010-00005622-00006231 For the aerial sequence, the first thing we had to do was to recreate a topology that was historically accurate.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00011-00006246-00007189 We took information from academics. We also relied on documents from veterans' associations. 
eTkcYhxe2f4-00012-00007200-00007615 My greatest challenge was the creation of the land of The Netherlands that we see from the sky.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00013-00007627-00008126 This represents around 45 square kilometers of the country, which are represented in 3D.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00014-00008137-00008628 We have been able to rely on pictures dated 1947 which have been taken from a plane...
eTkcYhxe2f4-00015-00008628-00009336 from then to today. So we had to adapt the recent maps to match the ones of that time.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00016-00009336-00009888 This means we had to reduce the size of the towns  and of course flood all the islands
eTkcYhxe2f4-00017-00009888-00010147 because the dams were bombed at that moment of history.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00018-00010160-00010449 From an early stage, we tried to get the full sequence.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00019-00010485-00010778 We told ourselves that the most important was to get a choreography.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00020-00010778-00011358 We had to set a choreography of planes, including the number of planes that are seen in the frame
eTkcYhxe2f4-00021-00011358-00011904 and allow Matthijs could adjust his editing  or his choice of framing if he needed to.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00022-00011904-00012087 So the priority was
eTkcYhxe2f4-00023-00012096-00012614 to finalize all the shots and then, during the rest of the making period, we progressively built and readapted the look.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00024-00012629-00013078 We knew anyway that we had to redo the whole environment in 3D
eTkcYhxe2f4-00025-00013089-00013377 with an armada of planes to go around.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00026-00013377-00014037 Also, we had a wing to destroy. And next to that for a principle of being "a little bit freer",
eTkcYhxe2f4-00027-00014037-00014409 and to be able to rework other shots, we also remade  the shots outside of the plane in 3D.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00028-00014421-00015071 For the creation of the different assets, the various historical references had a particularly important role. 
eTkcYhxe2f4-00029-00015071-00015624 We needed to create planes that would match the ones that existed during this specific period of time.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00030-00015624-00016083 Likewise for the textures, we needed to find something that would look real with a specific polishing.  
eTkcYhxe2f4-00031-00016112-00016559 Nothing in the image was to be left to chance, whether it is the type of aircraft present in the battle,
eTkcYhxe2f4-00032-00016590-00016815 the numbers that are marked on the aircraft fuselage,
eTkcYhxe2f4-00033-00016833-00017457 the type of squadron to which they belonged, or the battle formations, and so goes for the grounded ones.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00034-00017468-00018083 All the clouds and the smoke going out of the crashing aircrafts were under the responsibility of Karim Keddache 
eTkcYhxe2f4-00035-00018096-00018579 who crafted them on Houdini. He first showed us several trials of low level cloud decks.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00036-00018579-00018990 We had a lot of very different clouds. Then it was up to us to compose the silhouettes of the clouds,
eTkcYhxe2f4-00037-00018990-00019387 decide of the congestion, thanks to the multitude of clouds that Karim handed us.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00038-00019409-00019803 The 'gliders' sequence is something we never did before.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00039-00019803-00020367 It was a very rewarding job. We had on top  a great team to make it happen.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00040-00020367-00020907 These sequences have evolved gradually.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00041-00020964-00021627 It was really interesting to go always further in the realism and in the creative.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00042-00021667-00022027 What I remember from the experience of "The Forgotten Battle" in Liege,
eTkcYhxe2f4-00043-00022081-00022480 is a robust studio with a pipeline that works, with people who have managed
eTkcYhxe2f4-00044-00022480-00022871 to work together and who have succeeded in crafting shots in the most optimized way.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00045-00022880-00023362 What I am the most proud of is the final result, of what we managed to craft.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00046-00023389-00023733 Even more because we were a small team.
eTkcYhxe2f4-00047-00023744-00023944 On top of having worked on 'The Forgotten Battle'
eTkcYhxe2f4-00048-00023947-00024461 with amazing people, we come out of this epxerience  with images that we are all very proud of!
eTr1CvCLXS8-00000-00000596-00001071 Right I'm outside again but this time it's thematically appropriate because I
eTr1CvCLXS8-00001-00001071-00001400 decided to make a book video. I'm going to talk about some books that have
eTr1CvCLXS8-00002-00001400-00001989 really changed how I view the world, particularly nature - and those books in
eTr1CvCLXS8-00003-00001989-00002486 particular are The Atlas of Remote Islands, The Cloudspotters Guide and The
eTr1CvCLXS8-00004-00002486-00002957 Invention of Nature by Judith Schalanksy, Gavin Pretor-Pinney and Andrea Wulf
eTr1CvCLXS8-00005-00002957-00003384 respectively I hope you like it, let's get to it
eTr1CvCLXS8-00006-00003384-00004071 so the atlas of remote islands is a catalogue of 50 islands with drawings of them
eTr1CvCLXS8-00007-00004071-00004569 done gorgeously and their stories too. The author grew up in East Germany and
eTr1CvCLXS8-00008-00004569-00005007 couldn't travel and so made up stories about different places in her family's
eTr1CvCLXS8-00009-00005007-00005925 Atlas but this collection of very real stories is perhaps if not wilder than
eTr1CvCLXS8-00010-00005925-00006522 fiction certainly a fair bit creepier. There are lonely scientists mad
eTr1CvCLXS8-00011-00006522-00007089 lighthouse keepers and a fair amount of murder. For example there's
eTr1CvCLXS8-00012-00007089-00007677 this one small atoll covered in thousands hundreds of thousands of
eTr1CvCLXS8-00013-00007677-00008250 millions of orange crabs and they're just stranded they're out there in the ocean
eTr1CvCLXS8-00014-00008250-00008840 the soldiers eventually die or chase after ships that aren't there until one
eTr1CvCLXS8-00015-00008840-00009386 man is left and terrorized of the remaining women until eventually he too
eTr1CvCLXS8-00016-00009386-00009893 is killed and the women rescued by a passing ship these are the kind of tales
eTr1CvCLXS8-00017-00009893-00010397 in the atmosphere that make it such a great read the cloudspotters guide it's
eTr1CvCLXS8-00018-00010397-00010832 a much more lighthearted thing the first publication of the cloud appreciation
eTr1CvCLXS8-00019-00010832-00011529 society and it gives a wonderful little happy overview of: what makes a cloud,
eTr1CvCLXS8-00020-00011529-00011934 what kinds of clouds there are, and talks a little bit about the history of them
eTr1CvCLXS8-00021-00011934-00012365 it's got plenty of fun little illustrations inside it's very easy to
eTr1CvCLXS8-00022-00012365-00012588 follow and you do not need to know really
eTr1CvCLXS8-00023-00012588-00013106 anything to understand it but yeah there are still plenty of fascinating tidbits
eTr1CvCLXS8-00024-00013106-00013418 like the fact that before or people studied clouds they (artists) all just
eTr1CvCLXS8-00025-00013418-00014003 sort of drew an average cloud but after people understood broke them down into
eTr1CvCLXS8-00026-00014003-00014591 categories then suddenly you see people paint clouds much better --  understanding
eTr1CvCLXS8-00027-00014591-00015209 affects representation And lastly with the invention of nature
eTr1CvCLXS8-00028-00015209-00015816 it's a biography, a telling of the life and times of alexander von humboldt a
eTr1CvCLXS8-00029-00015816-00016334 really truly fascinating man he spends his entire fortune and acted like a
eTr1CvCLXS8-00030-00016334-00016766 machine just traveling the world making measurements and coming up with theories
eTr1CvCLXS8-00031-00016766-00017225 the reason the book is called the invention of nature is because he very much
eTr1CvCLXS8-00032-00017225-00017885 invented many of the ideas that affect how we think of nature
eTr1CvCLXS8-00033-00017885-00018425 today like the idea of you know environments being connected or the fact
eTr1CvCLXS8-00034-00018425-00019013 that humans can affect the environment he was you know the first person to come
eTr1CvCLXS8-00035-00019013-00019625 to all of these he was a great connector of ideas and without him it would have
eTr1CvCLXS8-00036-00019625-00020156 taken a lot longer for us to understand all of these separate little paths it's
eTr1CvCLXS8-00037-00020156-00020639 a very exciting story like it reads like an adventure tale but one that happens
eTr1CvCLXS8-00038-00020639-00021076 to be real. More thing to named after alexander von humboldt than anyone else
eTr1CvCLXS8-00039-00021076-00021698 and you read this you'll really understand why yep that was it I hope
eTr1CvCLXS8-00040-00021698-00022100 you liked it I really can't recommend all those books enough I find it really
eTr1CvCLXS8-00041-00022100-00022595 interesting to you know just look at nature through a different lens because
eTr1CvCLXS8-00042-00022595-00023192 As a physicist I'm always so used to looking at things in minute detail that
eTr1CvCLXS8-00043-00023192-00023690 things on a grander scale can often be lost so it's always really exciting. If
eTr1CvCLXS8-00044-00023690-00024326 there are any books that have changed how you view: the world, nature, biology -- I don't
eTr1CvCLXS8-00045-00024326-00025088 know then do let me know down there and yes otherwise thanks for watching and
eTr1CvCLXS8-00046-00025088-00025417 see you in the next one
eTRa7vFmQoU-00000-00000817-00001338 What's up Max here from Homethods and in this video I will review the best
eTRa7vFmQoU-00001-00001338-00001830 immersion blenders in 2018 you find all of the product links here down below so
eTRa7vFmQoU-00002-00001830-00002226 check them out make sure to LIKE and subscribe and let's go so for the best
eTRa7vFmQoU-00003-00002226-00002691 overall immersion blender I went with the Aqsa smart immersion blender and it
eTRa7vFmQoU-00004-00002691-00003207 goes for about thirty dollars right now on Amazon Prime and it is rated 4.5 out
eTRa7vFmQoU-00005-00003207-00003722 of 5 by about 2500 reviewers and what I love about this immersion blender is
eTRa7vFmQoU-00006-00003722-00004007 that you have some awesome multi functions on it
eTRa7vFmQoU-00007-00004007-00004425 you have smooth speed controls it is very easy to clean which is awesome and
eTRa7vFmQoU-00008-00004425-00004767 it even comes with a whisk for mixing stuff so that's great as well but I
eTRa7vFmQoU-00009-00004767-00005250 don't like is that some parts are not dishwasher safe and the attachments that
eTRa7vFmQoU-00010-00005250-00005802 comes with this immersion blender are fairly low quality but overall best for
eTRa7vFmQoU-00011-00005802-00006230 the buck I think this one takes the price so definitely check it out on
eTRa7vFmQoU-00012-00006230-00006603 Amazon links down below number two runner-up for the best immersion blender
eTRa7vFmQoU-00013-00006603-00007167 I went with a Cuisinart HB 155 PC immersion blender and it goes for about
eTRa7vFmQoU-00014-00007167-00007731 $50 right now on Amazon Prime and it is rated 4.5 out of 5 by about 500
eTRa7vFmQoU-00015-00007731-00008043 reviewers and what's really cool about this immersion blender is that it's
eTRa7vFmQoU-00016-00008043-00008532 completely made out of stainless steel it comes for a great great price you get
eTRa7vFmQoU-00017-00008532-00008975 a whisk attachment with this one as well and you have variable speed motor which
eTRa7vFmQoU-00018-00008975-00009411 is awesome if you don't want to mix everything into the smallest pieces what
eTRa7vFmQoU-00019-00009411-00009765 I don't like is that some people think that the controls are pretty hard to use
eTRa7vFmQoU-00020-00009765-00010356 and the included breaker is not bpa-free but overall it is in great immersion
eTRa7vFmQoU-00021-00010356-00010731 blender so definitely check it out on Amazon links down below if you want to
eTRa7vFmQoU-00022-00010731-00011067 spend some money to get the best out of the best I went with the Breville and
eTRa7vFmQoU-00023-00011067-00011429 this one goes for about hundred dollars right now on Amazon Prime and it's rated
eTRa7vFmQoU-00024-00011429-00011892 4.5 out of 5 by about 800 reviewers and what's really cool about this immersion
eTRa7vFmQoU-00025-00011892-00012296 blender is first of all it has a great build quality and it looks great but
eTRa7vFmQoU-00026-00012296-00012779 other than that it's a very high powered machine and it has a great ergonomic
eTRa7vFmQoU-00027-00012779-00013158 handle which feels great in your hand but I don't like is that it is quite
eTRa7vFmQoU-00028-00013158-00013626 expensive and it has a bit of a heavy design I personally like it but some
eTRa7vFmQoU-00029-00013626-00014028 people don't if you like it check it out on Amazon links down below
eTRa7vFmQoU-00030-00014028-00014472 number four the best versatile blender I went with a Chapman and it goes for
eTRa7vFmQoU-00031-00014472-00014873 about 40 dollars right now on Amazon Prime and it is rated four out of five
eTRa7vFmQoU-00032-00014873-00015336 by about 100 reviewers it's really cool about this one is that you get tons of
eTRa7vFmQoU-00033-00015336-00015753 functions for the money and you even get a one-year warranty which is awesome it
eTRa7vFmQoU-00034-00015753-00016218 has very easy handle controls and you get whisk and blender attachments which
eTRa7vFmQoU-00035-00016218-00016701 is great as well what I don't like is that it is made out of plastic so all of
eTRa7vFmQoU-00036-00016701-00017057 the attachments are plastic as well and the spiralizer attachment that comes
eTRa7vFmQoU-00037-00017057-00017475 with it can be a little bit confusing but if you just figure that out it works
eTRa7vFmQoU-00038-00017475-00017898 pretty good so if your budget is about forty dollars definitely check this one
eTRa7vFmQoU-00039-00017898-00018131 out links down below number five the best
eTRa7vFmQoU-00040-00018131-00018495 budget option I went with the Betty Crocker and this one goes for about
eTRa7vFmQoU-00041-00018495-00018920 fifteen dollars right now on Amazon Prime so it's very cheap and it's rated
eTRa7vFmQoU-00042-00018920-00019242 four out of five by about five hundred reviewers and what's really cool about
eTRa7vFmQoU-00043-00019242-00019623 this one is that it actually has a decent build quality for the money and
eTRa7vFmQoU-00044-00019623-00020148 it is extremely cheap it has very simple controls and the motor is actually quite
eTRa7vFmQoU-00045-00020148-00020487 high powered so that's a big plus as well what I don't like is that you don't
eTRa7vFmQoU-00046-00020487-00020916 get too many functions with it and it is rather unwieldy but if you're looking
eTRa7vFmQoU-00047-00020916-00021345 for a budget option definitely check this one out on Amazon links down below
eTRa7vFmQoU-00048-00021345-00021656 if you want to know a little bit more about immersion blenders definitely
eTRa7vFmQoU-00049-00021656-00022148 check out our article on home message comm where you found this entire list
eTRa7vFmQoU-00050-00022148-00022584 top 5 list and more information about what you think about it as mentioned my
eTRa7vFmQoU-00051-00022584-00022956 personal favorite for the money is the Aqsa smart immersion blender so
eTRa7vFmQoU-00052-00022956-00023325 definitely check it out on Amazon thank you for watching and see you guys in the
eTRa7vFmQoU-00053-00023325-00023606 next video like and subscribe and comment down
eTRa7vFmQoU-00054-00023606-00023919 below what immersion blender you like the best I would love to hear from you
eTRa7vFmQoU-00055-00023919-00024251 guys I reply to all of the comments myself personally so yeah thank you for
eTRa7vFmQoU-00056-00024251-00024745 watching and see you guys in the next video have a great day bye
eTRa7vFmQoU-00057-00025939-00026145 you
eVKuKoHKjMo-00000-00000045-00000212 >> Enoch: This is episode 54.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00001-00000212-00001209 Voiceover: This is The Business of Architecture.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00002-00001209-00001475 Helping architects conquer the world.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00003-00001475-00001778 Here’s your host Enoch Sears.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00004-00001778-00001908 >> Enoch: Welcome back, Architect Nation.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00005-00001908-00002149 This is Enoch Bartlett Sears, AIA.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00006-00002149-00002415 This is the show where we talk about the business side of architecture.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00007-00002415-00002822 Today’s show is sponsored by the Business of Architecture Conference which will be coming
eVKuKoHKjMo-00008-00002822-00003186 to the Internet near you in early October.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00009-00003186-00003730 Today, we’re joined with, once again, business consultant Mariana Idiarte.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00010-00003730-00004251 She’s a strategic business consultant that helps creative industry professionals including
eVKuKoHKjMo-00011-00004251-00004362 architects.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00012-00004362-00004739 So, Mariana, once again, welcome back to the show.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00013-00004739-00004901 >> Mariana: Hi, Enoch.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00014-00004901-00005001 Great to be back.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00015-00005001-00005395 >> Enoch: One of my listeners, Architect Randy [Inaudible] asked a question.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00016-00005395-00005845 He said that he recently saw Joshua Prince-Ramus who used to work at OMA.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00017-00005845-00005975 >> Mariana: Yes.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00018-00005975-00006430 >> Enoch: He talked about some interesting stipulations in the contract that he uses.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00019-00006430-00006973 Basically, saying that once the design and the budget is approved by the client, it can’t
eVKuKoHKjMo-00020-00006973-00007675 be changed and that the architect has the right to, basically- if there’s any sort
eVKuKoHKjMo-00021-00007675-00008244 of redesign happening, then the architect has the right to a new contract and 100% new
eVKuKoHKjMo-00022-00008244-00008344 fees.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00023-00008344-00008914 Is that something that he got from the contract that OMA uses?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00024-00008914-00009086 Do you know anything about it?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00025-00009086-00009186 >> Mariana: No.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00026-00009186-00009610 I think that is his own way of putting it, as far as I know.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00027-00009610-00010536 I mean, I left OMA already five years ago [Inaudible] Well, in fact, what he’s saying
eVKuKoHKjMo-00028-00010536-00010636 is not new.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00029-00010636-00010890 It’s actually the case in most standard contracts.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00030-00010890-00010990 It’s another…
eVKuKoHKjMo-00031-00010990-00011603 If you want, it’s a [Inaudible] that is given to most standard clauses and contracts.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00032-00011603-00012150 He’s just putting it in a more direct way.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00033-00012150-00012883 Most standard terms and conditions from architectural organizations say that.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00034-00012883-00013508 From the law point of view, they say, you know, the architect keeps the rights, the
eVKuKoHKjMo-00035-00013508-00014029 author rights, the intellectual property rights, the copyrights which implies that, yes, that
eVKuKoHKjMo-00036-00014029-00014486 no one can change the design without you approving on that.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00037-00014486-00014819 That’s kind of implicit in the law.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00038-00014819-00015557 So, I guess what Joshua is doing is just translating it and showing what the implication is.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00039-00015557-00015994 This is, again, generalizing because I haven’t seen…
eVKuKoHKjMo-00040-00015994-00016607 I’m just reflecting on what you just mentioned it is.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00041-00016607-00017076 But, it may be important for his firm to make that very clear.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00042-00017076-00017965 If that is one of the firm policies that he’s strong about, that’s good.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00043-00017965-00018170 >> Enoch: Okay.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00044-00018170-00018632 You talked a little bit about the financial condition of these contracts, Mariana.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00045-00018632-00019095 Have you ever been involved in helping architects determine the fees?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00046-00019095-00019490 If so, do you have any suggestions for, you know, typical pitfalls to avoid and how they
eVKuKoHKjMo-00047-00019490-00019658 should be thinking about that?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00048-00019658-00020366 >> Mariana: Well, it is very, very broad.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00049-00020366-00020698 Again, this varies.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00050-00020698-00021366 I don’t have one, single formula that works.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00051-00021366-00022037 What I think is worth mentioning is that there are always possibilities to consider an alternative
eVKuKoHKjMo-00052-00022037-00022589 to the way you are building your fees.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00053-00022589-00023156 Something that I think I mentioned even before, you know, in our previous talk about putting
eVKuKoHKjMo-00054-00023156-00023741 yourself in the role as a partner of your client rather than just a service provider
eVKuKoHKjMo-00055-00023741-00024778 and try, again, talking about getting to know and understand your client and his motivations.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00056-00024778-00025421 You may understand how he sees the financials of the project – what is his position, what
eVKuKoHKjMo-00057-00025421-00026022 are his worries or what are his resources – and you can play along with that.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00058-00026022-00027236 I’ve seen cases of people agreeing on working on the design phases for a rather low fee
eVKuKoHKjMo-00059-00027236-00028070 but becoming a partner once the houses they designed got sold and be rewarded later on
eVKuKoHKjMo-00060-00028070-00028912 for actually a larger amount because they could afford, also the waiting until the project
eVKuKoHKjMo-00061-00028912-00029075 was sold and realized.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00062-00029075-00029502 >> Enoch: Now, under that scenario there’s a lot of risk that the architect is taking
eVKuKoHKjMo-00063-00029502-00029602 on.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00064-00029602-00029702 >> Mariana: Of course.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00065-00029702-00029802 >> Enoch: How do they mitigate that risk?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00066-00029802-00029902 Is there any upfront?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00067-00029902-00030412 Do they charge a higher fee for that initial design concept?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00068-00030412-00030993 How do they mitigate the risk of leaving some of the fees until the end of the successful
eVKuKoHKjMo-00069-00030993-00031093 project?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00070-00031093-00031562 >> Mariana: Well, this particular case I mentioned about was a small development.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00071-00031562-00032458 It was only six villas that were in a premium location.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00072-00032458-00033278 The architect did a good job in, what I mentioned before, doing a due diligence in checking
eVKuKoHKjMo-00073-00033278-00034343 the solvency and the reliability of the client/the developer that was there including someone
eVKuKoHKjMo-00074-00034343-00035394 who has experience enough and a portfolio with a marketing machinery working properly
eVKuKoHKjMo-00075-00035394-00035975 so that they could feel very comfortable that the villas they designed were going to be
eVKuKoHKjMo-00076-00035975-00036075 sold.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00077-00036075-00036175 >> Enoch: Yeah.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00078-00036175-00036949 >> Mariana: So, that is, again, assessing the risks and simply managing.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00079-00036949-00037074 So, they didn’t have problems.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00080-00037074-00037681 The client, also, they asked for an estimation of how long does it take until the villas
eVKuKoHKjMo-00081-00037681-00037860 were sold?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00082-00037860-00038391 They did this due diligence in to checking what are the terms exactly we’re talking
eVKuKoHKjMo-00083-00038391-00038491 about?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00084-00038491-00038761 How long does it take until we actually get paid?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00085-00038761-00039372 Is it until they’re built or actually the buyers make a deposit at some point before
eVKuKoHKjMo-00086-00039372-00039855 the villas are built and you’re getting paid already from that part, for instance?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00087-00039855-00040815 So, there’s, again, like I said, take your time to learn about the situation, to understand,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00088-00040815-00041675 to check on the financial capabilities of your client before you put yourself in a risky
eVKuKoHKjMo-00089-00041675-00041847 position, for sure.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00090-00041847-00042409 >> Enoch: Mariana, now one of the things that you specialize in is helping architects with
eVKuKoHKjMo-00091-00042409-00042584 international work.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00092-00042584-00042968 I was just curious, is this something that you think that we should talk about with my
eVKuKoHKjMo-00093-00042968-00043119 audience being primarily…
eVKuKoHKjMo-00094-00043119-00043784 We do have quite a few listeners in the UK, but then also Australia, New Zealand, and
eVKuKoHKjMo-00095-00043784-00043984 the U.S.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00096-00043984-00044184 >> Mariana: Great.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00097-00044184-00044597 I think you should for different reasons.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00098-00044597-00045372 I work a lot, obviously, being in Europe, with European firms, but I do work occasionally
eVKuKoHKjMo-00099-00045372-00045987 as well with firms outside of Europe and are those working internationally or wanting to
eVKuKoHKjMo-00100-00045987-00046331 work internationally.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00101-00046331-00047249 Even if you’re not considering working internationally, I think the world is developing in way that
eVKuKoHKjMo-00102-00047249-00047612 people move around and so are professionals.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00103-00047612-00048155 You are going to be competing, probably, with foreigner architects going to your country
eVKuKoHKjMo-00104-00048155-00048255 as well.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00105-00048255-00048369 That’s happening more and more.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00106-00048369-00048706 So, it’s in your interest, you know, to at least to consider the possibilities or
eVKuKoHKjMo-00107-00048706-00049211 to understand what motivates someone to go and work somewhere else.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00108-00049211-00049506 So, I hope it is of interest to your audience.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00109-00049506-00049615 >> Enoch: Absolutely.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00110-00049615-00050090 You know, here in the States the states are so large that they represent a pretty similar
eVKuKoHKjMo-00111-00050090-00050437 landmass to Europe, for instance.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00112-00050437-00050891 So, if an architect is even thinking about moving in another state or working in another
eVKuKoHKjMo-00113-00050891-00051415 state, do you have any good pointers for how to break in to a new market?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00114-00051415-00051800 When you’re the new face in the block, people don’t know you, how do you penetrate that
eVKuKoHKjMo-00115-00051800-00051900 market?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00116-00051900-00052003 What are some strategies for doing that?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00117-00052003-00052462 >> Mariana: I’m glad that you made that comparison because, indeed, when you’re
eVKuKoHKjMo-00118-00052462-00053189 in very large countries, you don’t need to go international to experience the same
eVKuKoHKjMo-00119-00053189-00053478 situation that if you were moving countries.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00120-00053478-00054410 The approach to changing locations of working and the principles of it apply in any case.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00121-00054410-00055133 I could say the answer is to tackle that in a strategic way.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00122-00055133-00055894 With “strategy,” I mean that you have to start you have to follow some steps.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00123-00055894-00056415 The first one is asking yourself what your motivation is to go and work abroad or in
eVKuKoHKjMo-00124-00056415-00056679 another geography:
eVKuKoHKjMo-00125-00056679-00057472 Whether that is purely financial because the area where you are working is in trouble or
eVKuKoHKjMo-00126-00057472-00058250 the market is not moving and therefore you need to find somewhere else your commissions,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00127-00058250-00058804 Or whether it’s a professional motivation because there are some markets that because
eVKuKoHKjMo-00128-00058804-00059280 they are in development, they may allow you to grow and learn as a professional,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00129-00059280-00060099 Or just simple personal motivations because you enjoy a particular culture.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00130-00060099-00060537 You may fall in love with someone else from a different country that wants you to move
eVKuKoHKjMo-00131-00060537-00060727 where they live.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00132-00060727-00061353 Whatever your motivation is, that may determine, very much, which location you’re going to
eVKuKoHKjMo-00133-00061353-00061788 choose to move aboard.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00134-00061788-00061954 That is the first step.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00135-00061954-00063053 The second and very important is something that some people don’t take seriously enough
eVKuKoHKjMo-00136-00063053-00063753 or with delicacy enough is to spend time and energy in doing proper research.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00137-00063753-00064658 For instance, I don’t know about architects in the U.S., but many architect firms in Europe,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00138-00064658-00065488 small and big, are looking in to emerging markets like China, or India, or Brazil to
eVKuKoHKjMo-00139-00065488-00065662 work in.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00140-00065662-00066088 Yes, they are large markets, yes there is a lot happening.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00141-00066088-00066950 That doesn’t mean that you have success guaranteed by going there.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00142-00066950-00067447 On the other hand, it doesn’t mean that you…
eVKuKoHKjMo-00143-00067447-00067878 Even if you hear negative voices about an experience people had in some markets that
eVKuKoHKjMo-00144-00067878-00068541 you may not succeed, because you may particularly may have what it takes to make it your place
eVKuKoHKjMo-00145-00068541-00068656 somewhere else.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00146-00068656-00069512 So, with doing research I mean doing a thorough and, again, strategic research.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00147-00069512-00070361 Looking in to not only whether there’s work for architects, but looking as a whole such
eVKuKoHKjMo-00148-00070361-00071219 economical situation of a country or a geography, and with other things have to do or may affect
eVKuKoHKjMo-00149-00071219-00071990 now, in the near future, or longer term, the work of architects.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00150-00071990-00072915 Secondly, getting to know or, at least, question yourself: Do you know the culture of that
eVKuKoHKjMo-00151-00072915-00073423 country, or even if from one state to the other in the United States, or regions in
eVKuKoHKjMo-00152-00073423-00073581 large countries enough?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00153-00073581-00073736 Do you know that culture enough?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00154-00073736-00074834 Are you familiar enough to think that you can make business there?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00155-00074834-00075671 That is one of the most underestimated matters when it comes to working abroad.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00156-00075671-00076058 It’s like you have to deal…
eVKuKoHKjMo-00157-00076058-00076836 I give always the example of when you have cultural differences within a city.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00158-00076836-00077130 You have cultural differences within a sector as well.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00159-00077130-00077917 When moving countries, you have extreme cultural differences sometimes.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00160-00077917-00078464 On the other hand there may be cultures in other countries that closer to what you are
eVKuKoHKjMo-00161-00078464-00078983 familiar with, and that may be a better match.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00162-00078983-00079794 For instance, people here in the Netherlands, although the culture is much different from
eVKuKoHKjMo-00163-00079794-00080531 other northern European countries, the differences are a lot less than the south of Europe or
eVKuKoHKjMo-00164-00080531-00080970 with South America for instance, if you compare regions.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00165-00080970-00081858 So, there’s a lot of things to consider in terms of how much you know the language,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00166-00081858-00082417 how much you know about their working culture as well, how flexible you are.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00167-00082417-00083075 Flexibility is another thing that is essential if you’re considering working somewhere
eVKuKoHKjMo-00168-00083075-00083214 else.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00169-00083214-00084021 Flexibility comes in to how well you adjust to the local conditions and different ways
eVKuKoHKjMo-00170-00084021-00085282 of working up to how flexible you are to be having Skype calls at extreme hour differences,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00171-00085282-00085820 or catching flights that may get delayed and therefore miss a lot of things abroad.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00172-00085820-00086126 So, flexibility is another key element.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00173-00086126-00086226 >> Enoch: Okay.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00174-00086226-00086326 >> Mariana: Sorry.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00175-00086326-00086426 >> Enoch: Yeah.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00176-00086426-00086850 I was just wondering, do you have any tactical examples, on a tactical level, of things,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00177-00086850-00087355 interesting things you’ve seen architects doing to break in to a market segment?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00178-00087355-00088230 >> Mariana: Well, one tactical element that is key to success is building networks, building
eVKuKoHKjMo-00179-00088230-00088672 relevant networks in whatever location you want to work.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00180-00088672-00089505 So, if you’ve done your homework, and you think, “Yes, I’m prepared to tackle this,”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00181-00089505-00090017 you have to start looking in to, okay, “What people I know there?”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00182-00090017-00090141 “What organizations?”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00183-00090141-00090524 “What kind of [Inaudible] do I need to succeed there?”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00184-00090524-00090694 That goes from not only…
eVKuKoHKjMo-00185-00090694-00091099 It’s much broader than saying, “Oh, who wants to hire me?”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00186-00091099-00091418 like a client or, “What markets would work for me?”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00187-00091418-00091899 If you’re going to work abroad, you most likely need some partners.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00188-00091899-00092584 Work with a local architect that is familiar with the local regulations, of course, as
eVKuKoHKjMo-00189-00092584-00092829 you are not.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00190-00092829-00093336 Working with [Inaudible] locally.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00191-00093336-00093747 Having people in your network that will help you create the reputation that you don’t
eVKuKoHKjMo-00192-00093747-00093874 have somewhere else.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00193-00093874-00094360 So, it goes in so many, many levels or government levels, embassy, etc., etc.,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00194-00094360-00094461 >> Enoch: Yeah.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00195-00094461-00094868 Do you have any examples that you can give us of people or circumstances you’ve seen
eVKuKoHKjMo-00196-00094868-00094968 where people have…
eVKuKoHKjMo-00197-00094968-00095519 When they want to think about starting networking, can you give us some tactical examples of
eVKuKoHKjMo-00198-00095519-00095755 how they might approach that?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00199-00095755-00096025 >> Mariana: Certainly.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00200-00096025-00096362 Again, this comes to the first point that I mentioned.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00201-00096362-00096507 It’s seeing what your motivation is.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00202-00096507-00097526 The easiest way is if you have a personal motivation – it’s something that you want.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00203-00097526-00098148 Maybe you have a background from one of your parents or your grandparents come from a different
eVKuKoHKjMo-00204-00098148-00099356 country, therefore you may have some affinities through the people you know and need to pursue
eVKuKoHKjMo-00205-00099356-00099751 potential clients within a market.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00206-00099751-00100093 Start with where you feel comfortable with, what you know.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00207-00100093-00101046 If you’re going to go in to in a more professional, say, government organizations, many countries
eVKuKoHKjMo-00208-00101046-00101203 have…
eVKuKoHKjMo-00209-00101203-00102005 From their Ministry of Foreign Affairs, for instance, they have agencies or commissions
eVKuKoHKjMo-00210-00102005-00102800 that help entrepreneurs and business people working abroad, and facilitate their access
eVKuKoHKjMo-00211-00102800-00103013 to some markets.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00212-00103013-00103975 There are even business trips organized by your government organizations to link a network
eVKuKoHKjMo-00213-00103975-00104092 with people.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00214-00104092-00105003 Your architect organization, locally, may have even a chapter or department dedicated
eVKuKoHKjMo-00215-00105003-00105147 to that as well.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00216-00105147-00105701 So, it may vary and, again, part of the field research.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00217-00105701-00106255 Look at the other architects that are working abroad and also ask them.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00218-00106255-00106736 Talking to peers is a very useful tool to learn from each other.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00219-00106736-00106871 >> Enoch: Thank you, Mariana.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00220-00106871-00107201 Well, there’s just one last question I’d like to ask you because you also mentioned
eVKuKoHKjMo-00221-00107201-00107769 that you have an expertise with helping architects with their presentations, and communication,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00222-00107769-00108080 and presenting ideas.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00223-00108080-00108580 Could you share with us two or three main – you know, the advice you would present
eVKuKoHKjMo-00224-00108580-00109055 when they’re thinking about communicating who they are and what they represent?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00225-00109055-00109754 >> Mariana: Well, it’s difficult to summarize that in a very single question, but I’ll
eVKuKoHKjMo-00226-00109754-00109854 try.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00227-00109854-00109954 I think if you…
eVKuKoHKjMo-00228-00109954-00110342 Let me first finish one more thinking about working internationally, if you don’t mind,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00229-00110342-00110442 Enoch.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00230-00110442-00110542 >> Enoch: Yeah, sure.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00231-00110542-00110971 >> Mariana: Because one of the things that I wanted to mention very much is that no matter
eVKuKoHKjMo-00232-00110971-00111671 what motivation or what strategy you choose to work internationally, you have to think
eVKuKoHKjMo-00233-00111671-00112148 that it takes a long time before you succeed in a market.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00234-00112148-00112736 Even getting a project or getting a commission, that doesn’t mean that you have penetrated
eVKuKoHKjMo-00235-00112736-00112865 the market.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00236-00112865-00113583 So, you have to be thinking of a long term strategy and you have to check whether you
eVKuKoHKjMo-00237-00113583-00114558 have the resources to afford that, to continue working for years, and to also, if you continue
eVKuKoHKjMo-00238-00114558-00115082 working also in your local region, to have that in mind.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00239-00115082-00115369 That is the last thing I wanted to mention about that.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00240-00115369-00115938 Coming back to your question, I will start with an example.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00241-00115938-00117021 A while ago at a session with young architects organized by the Dutch Association of Architects
eVKuKoHKjMo-00242-00117021-00117700 here I was invited to give feedback to young architects about their portfolios.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00243-00117700-00118452 So, there were some senior architects for larger firms, developers, and potential clients,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00244-00118452-00119375 and me as an expert in a, kind of, speed date setting to give feedback to this young professionals.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00245-00119375-00120304 That was very interesting because I spoke to almost ten of those young architects.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00246-00120304-00120976 The moment they came and sit in front of me, they just put their portfolios and they start
eVKuKoHKjMo-00247-00120976-00121279 showing me all the projects they have done.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00248-00121279-00121533 I said, “Forget your project.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00249-00121533-00122049 Tell me who you are, and what are you good at, and why I should hire you and not the
eVKuKoHKjMo-00250-00122049-00122346 architect sitting next to you.”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00251-00122346-00122728 That was a mind-blowing question for absolutely all of them.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00252-00122728-00123275 They were like, “Oh, I never thought about this,” or, “Wow.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00253-00123275-00123489 What a difficult question.”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00254-00123489-00124139 So, that is the key for architects to do, again, some homework and think about what
eVKuKoHKjMo-00255-00124139-00124467 is your differentiation potential.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00256-00124467-00125263 What do you have to offer to a potential client or to anyone for that matter that the others
eVKuKoHKjMo-00257-00125263-00125405 can’t?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00258-00125405-00125791 >> Enoch: What do you think would be a good or interesting response?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00259-00125791-00126170 I’m just going to flip it around because that’s a very good question you made there,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00260-00126170-00126500 Mariana, and I would like to know, you know, give us some ammunition.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00261-00126500-00126707 Tell us what would be a good response to that question.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00262-00126707-00127354 >> Mariana: Well, the good response to this question is one that provides a solution for
eVKuKoHKjMo-00263-00127354-00127454 someone’s problem.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00264-00127454-00127676 >> Enoch: Can you give me a specific example of…
eVKuKoHKjMo-00265-00127676-00127776 >> Mariana: Of course.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00266-00127776-00128315 For instance, when I talk about myself and my own business, when someone asks, “What
eVKuKoHKjMo-00267-00128315-00128435 do you do?”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00268-00128435-00128764 I don’t say, “I am a business consultant working for the architecture industry.”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00269-00128764-00129240 I say, “I help architects in doing better business.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00270-00129240-00129572 That is what I hope to do at least.”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00271-00129572-00129733 So, people say, “Oh, interesting.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00272-00129733-00129845 How do you do that?”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00273-00129845-00130478 When you get that response back and therefore a second question, you know you’re in track.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00274-00130478-00131285 So, think again from the perspective of your client and think about what it is that you
eVKuKoHKjMo-00275-00131285-00131535 do best that rest can’t.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00276-00131535-00132334 To give you an example of those young architects that I spoke to that day, even some very young
eVKuKoHKjMo-00277-00132334-00132454 ones, when you start…
eVKuKoHKjMo-00278-00132454-00132937 I took the time – obviously, because there was an opportunity to coach them and help
eVKuKoHKjMo-00279-00132937-00133620 them develop that presentation skills – I took the time to ask the right questions.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00280-00133620-00134376 With no exceptions, after five minutes of talking, we can extract at least one particular
eVKuKoHKjMo-00281-00134376-00134703 thing that they were particularly good at.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00282-00134703-00135736 Even the most shy of them, for instance, this was a young architect who was an extremely
eVKuKoHKjMo-00283-00135736-00136323 shy person that you would say at first, “Ooh, you’re not going to sell your business that
eVKuKoHKjMo-00284-00136323-00136423 easily.”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00285-00136423-00137245 But, what happens is this young man he has seen his family history- a lot of people who
eVKuKoHKjMo-00286-00137245-00138048 need special attention for some disabilities or special healthcare.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00287-00138048-00138795 So, he’s very familiar with the needs of people that, for health reasons, need that
eVKuKoHKjMo-00288-00138795-00139065 special care.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00289-00139065-00139575 He knows very well what they’re need in a living or working environment.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00290-00139575-00139832 So, he knows also the health system.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00291-00139832-00140201 He knows the people working there.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00292-00140201-00140315 That is something where…
eVKuKoHKjMo-00293-00140315-00141258 He was considering working in that sector, helping in health and renovating houses for
eVKuKoHKjMo-00294-00141258-00141526 people that need special care.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00295-00141526-00142295 That is much perfect with his story and even his personality – not being, maybe, too
eVKuKoHKjMo-00296-00142295-00142953 commercial or outspoken person, but someone who understands and have the empathy with
eVKuKoHKjMo-00297-00142953-00143472 people within the health system because he knows it very well from the inside, and that
eVKuKoHKjMo-00298-00143472-00144036 is what he can, that many architects won’t be able to provide, for instance.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00299-00144036-00144136 >> Enoch: Excellent.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00300-00144136-00144360 Well, I’d like to give some homework to our listeners, Mariana.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00301-00144360-00144561 I’d like them to answer that question for themselves.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00302-00144561-00145040 Take a minute, think about what is it that you do that’s different than everyone else.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00303-00145040-00145232 What do you bring to the table that’s unique?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00304-00145232-00145640 Then, go to the show notes of this particular episode and put that in to the comments, Mariana.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00305-00145640-00145740 How about that?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00306-00145740-00145840 >> Mariana: Great.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00307-00145840-00146122 >> Enoch: Then, you and I can touch bases later and then take a look at those just through
eVKuKoHKjMo-00308-00146122-00146453 email or whatever, and maybe give some feedback on those comments?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00309-00146453-00146574 >> Mariana: Sounds Great.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00310-00146574-00146674 >> Enoch: Alright.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00311-00146674-00147089 Well, Mariana, I know that you have to run because you do have an appointment to run
eVKuKoHKjMo-00312-00147089-00147486 to and our previous episode went a little bit over, but thank you for joining us.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00313-00147486-00147822 Did you have any other thoughts that you wanted to leave us with on communication or anything
eVKuKoHKjMo-00314-00147822-00147963 else we talked about today?
eVKuKoHKjMo-00315-00147963-00148562 >> Mariana: Well, communication is definitely a very, very broad subject.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00316-00148562-00149122 Something else that when I teach students as well is one of the difficult things to
eVKuKoHKjMo-00317-00149122-00150388 bring across are that of how to phrase your specialty or your differentiation not only
eVKuKoHKjMo-00318-00150388-00150592 from the thinking point of view.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00319-00150592-00152022 But, I always use the example: Google architects and avoid using standard words.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00320-00152022-00152836 I always look up for the young and dynamic architecture office and you get millions of
eVKuKoHKjMo-00321-00152836-00152936 hits.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00322-00152936-00153521 What does that actually mean – “young and dynamic?”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00323-00153521-00154170 Whatever you want to use to describe your firm or describe yourself as an architect,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00324-00154170-00154296 make sure that it makes sense.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00325-00154296-00154464 That it means something.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00326-00154464-00154919 If you say, “I’m a very experienced architect,” show it.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00327-00154919-00155485 Say, “Because I’ve worked in more than a hundred projects.”
eVKuKoHKjMo-00328-00155485-00155909 You have to prove what you state.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00329-00155909-00156738 [Inaudible] You don’t need to win a Pulitzer prize for great writing.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00330-00156738-00157570 It’s about using the right language, straight and clear, and someone that your clients will
eVKuKoHKjMo-00331-00157570-00157670 understand.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00332-00157670-00157770 >> Enoch: Excellent.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00333-00157770-00157870 Thank you.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00334-00157870-00158049 >> Mariana: You’re welcome.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00335-00158049-00158149 >> Enoch: I appreciate that.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00336-00158149-00158249 Great point, Mariana.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00337-00158249-00158498 Once again I encourage everyone to listen to this episode wherever you’re at, whether
eVKuKoHKjMo-00338-00158498-00158886 you’re working out, driving in the car, or working on some drawings right now.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00339-00158886-00159170 When you get a chance, go to www.BusinessOfArchitecture.com.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00340-00159170-00159565 This is the second episode with Mariana Idiarte.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00341-00159565-00159898 Put in there your differentiator, what you think your differentiator is.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00342-00159898-00160145 We look forward to seeing that.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00343-00160145-00160576 Well, Mariana, thank you, once again, for joining us and have a good evening.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00344-00160576-00160697 >> Mariana: You’re welcome, Enoch.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00345-00160697-00160997 It was great to talk to you again.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00346-00160997-00161097 >> Enoch: And that’s a wrap.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00347-00161097-00161422 Thanks for riding along on another show about the business of architecture.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00348-00161422-00161947 I want to know your opinion about today’s episode.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00349-00161947-00162473 Visit www.BusinessOfArchitecture.com/podcast or send me an email at show@businessofarchitecture.com
eVKuKoHKjMo-00350-00162473-00162869 with your feedback about today’s show.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00351-00162869-00163441 Remember, visit www.BusinessOfArchitecture.com/free to grab your free membership pass to Business
eVKuKoHKjMo-00352-00163441-00164121 of Architecture insider where you’ll have first access to free resources to help you
eVKuKoHKjMo-00353-00164121-00164483 run a great business.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00354-00164483-00164845 See you next week.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00355-00164845-00164945 [music]
eVKuKoHKjMo-00356-00164945-00166003 >> Enoch: The views expressed by my show by my guests do not represent those of the host,
eVKuKoHKjMo-00357-00166003-00166433 and I make no representation, promise, guarantee, pledge, warranty, contract, bond, or commitment
eVKuKoHKjMo-00358-00166433-00166789 except to help you run a great business.
eVKuKoHKjMo-00359-00166789-00167160 Bump music credit to Ben Fold’s Five, “Do it Anyway.”
eWclaVJNKqk-00000-00001041-00001415 Welcome to this Geographical and Historical Introduction!
eWclaVJNKqk-00001-00001418-00002052 This MOOC on Oriental Beliefs will make you travel across various areas and many different periods of time.
eWclaVJNKqk-00002-00002092-00002628 Here are some useful reference points we have prepared to help you embark on this journey with us.
eWclaVJNKqk-00003-00002730-00002914 Domain one: Japan.
eWclaVJNKqk-00004-00002984-00003542 The important historical periods include: Prehistoric and Ancient Japan,
eWclaVJNKqk-00005-00003542-00004312 Classical Japan including the Heian Period, Medieval Japan and Modern Japan including the Edo Period.
eWclaVJNKqk-00006-00004402-00004770 The important sites include: Tokyo and Kyôto.
eWclaVJNKqk-00007-00004896-00005666 Japan is known as a country which has hundreds of Kami that is divine spirits linked to various elements of nature.
eWclaVJNKqk-00008-00005724-00006448 This genuinely Japanese religion is called Shintoism, but any sort of religion is also tolerated.
eWclaVJNKqk-00009-00006484-00007164 The concept of harmony permeates every scene of Japanese people's daily life, from ancient times to now!
eWclaVJNKqk-00010-00007245-00007445 Domain two: China
eWclaVJNKqk-00011-00007514-00008304 The important historical periods include: the Hongshan Culture, the Xia Dynasty, the Shang/Yin Dynasty,
eWclaVJNKqk-00012-00008304-00008728 the Zhou Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty.
eWclaVJNKqk-00013-00008774-00009408 The important sites include: Erlitou, Anyang, Luoyang and Beijing.
eWclaVJNKqk-00014-00009500-00009962 Here is some information specifically concerning two of our videos.
eWclaVJNKqk-00015-00010012-00010538 Concerning “The Power of Chinese Hybrids”, animal mutation is fascinating.
eWclaVJNKqk-00016-00010562-00011142 It gives the impression that one can constantly escape from death thanks to transformation.
eWclaVJNKqk-00017-00011178-00011668 In China, from time immemorial, hybrids have been revered because
eWclaVJNKqk-00018-00011668-00012056 of their supernatural power in warding off evil spirits.
eWclaVJNKqk-00019-00012140-00012522 Concerning the “Ancestor Worship in China”, since ancient times,
eWclaVJNKqk-00020-00012522-00012794 the Chinese have been worshipping their Ancestors.
eWclaVJNKqk-00021-00012868-00013409 For this sacrificial religion, filial devotion is most important.
eWclaVJNKqk-00022-00013462-00014256 During the whole of Chinese history till 1911, this had important consequences for the political organization of society.
eWclaVJNKqk-00023-00014316-00014778 Even today, the parents and grandparents in China still receive
eWclaVJNKqk-00024-00014778-00015162 far more respect from their children than in Western societies.
eWclaVJNKqk-00025-00015460-00015734 Domain three: Ancient Egypt.
eWclaVJNKqk-00026-00015788-00016386 The important historical periods include: the Early Dynastic Period, the Old Kingdom,
eWclaVJNKqk-00027-00016387-00016957 the Middle Kingdom, the New Kingdom, the Late Period and the Ptolemaic Period.
eWclaVJNKqk-00028-00017013-00017791 The important sites include: Thinis, Memphis, Thebes, Pi-Ramesses and Alexandria.
eWclaVJNKqk-00029-00017876-00018514 Ancient Egypt was one of the greatest civilizations of Antiquity and of North-eastern Africa,
eWclaVJNKqk-00030-00018514-00019172 concentrated along the inferior course of the River Nile corresponding to the modern country of Egypt.
eWclaVJNKqk-00031-00019246-00019905 Ancient Egypt is well known for its hieroglyphic writing and its buildings such as the pyramids.
eWclaVJNKqk-00032-00019930-00020358 One of the most famous kings was the pharaoh  Ramses II.
eWclaVJNKqk-00033-00020408-00020696 Domain four: Ancient Mesopotamia.
eWclaVJNKqk-00034-00020762-00021326 The important historical periods include: the Sumerian Period, the Old Babylonian Period,
eWclaVJNKqk-00035-00021326-00021852 the Middle Babylonian Period, the Neo-Babylonian Period and the Late Babylonian Period.
eWclaVJNKqk-00036-00021922-00022300 The important sites include: Assur and Babylon.
eWclaVJNKqk-00037-00022398-00023236 Mesopotamia, the “Land between the Rivers” (Tigris and Euphrates), corresponds to present-day Iraq and Syria.
eWclaVJNKqk-00038-00023284-00023986 It was home to a great civilisation known for its cuneiform writing and its ziggurats (tower-temples),
eWclaVJNKqk-00039-00023986-00024368 such as the famous Tower of Babel which is mentioned in the Bible.
eWclaVJNKqk-00040-00024524-00024724 Domain 5: Anatolia.
eWclaVJNKqk-00041-00024724-00025278 The important historical periods include: the Hattian Period, the Old Hittite Period,
eWclaVJNKqk-00042-00025279-00025613 the Middle Hittite Period and the Imperial Hittite Period.
eWclaVJNKqk-00043-00025664-00025972 The important sites include: Hattusa.
eWclaVJNKqk-00044-00026016-00026343 Anatolia roughly corresponds to Modern Turkey.
eWclaVJNKqk-00045-00026392-00027062 In the second millennium, the Hittites held sway in this land, especially in Central and North Anatolia.
eWclaVJNKqk-00046-00027148-00027818 This people were culturally influenced by the previous Hatti civilisation as well as the Luwians,
eWclaVJNKqk-00047-00027818-00028066 who lived in South and West Anatolia.
eWclaVJNKqk-00048-00028122-00028608 They are especially noteworthy for their sophisticated form of polytheism,
eWclaVJNKqk-00049-00028608-00028970 calling their land “The land of the Thousand Gods”.
eWclaVJNKqk-00050-00029112-00029338 Domain six: Ancient Iran.
eWclaVJNKqk-00051-00029408-00029986 The important historical periods include: the Old Elamite Period, the Middle Elamite Period,
eWclaVJNKqk-00052-00029987-00030363 the Neo-Elamite Period and the Achaemenid Period.
eWclaVJNKqk-00053-00030400-00030832 The important sites include: Susa and Persepolis.
eWclaVJNKqk-00054-00030880-00031280 In ancient Iran two civilisations existed.
eWclaVJNKqk-00055-00031281-00032263 The first one is called Elamite, after the Elamites who controlled the Southwest of Iran from about 3000 to 550 BCE.
eWclaVJNKqk-00056-00032338-00032820 They were succeeded by the Persian or Ancient Iranian civilisation.
eWclaVJNKqk-00057-00032862-00033218 This latter is particularly remarkable in two respects:
eWclaVJNKqk-00058-00033242-00033690 the introduction of Zoroastrianism and the great Persian Empire,
eWclaVJNKqk-00059-00033690-00034076 which controlled the entire Near East for more than two centuries,
eWclaVJNKqk-00060-00034077-00034807 until 331 BCE, and which fought the so-called Persian Wars with the Greeks.
eWclaVJNKqk-00061-00034876-00035106 Domain seven: Ancient Greece.
eWclaVJNKqk-00062-00035202-00035936 The important historical periods include: the Mycenaean Period, the Dark Ages, the Archaic Period,
eWclaVJNKqk-00063-00035937-00036439 the Classical Period, the Hellenistic Period and the Roman Period.
eWclaVJNKqk-00064-00036496-00036942 The important sites include: Athens and Sparta.
eWclaVJNKqk-00065-00036954-00037272 Thanks to its privileged position between the East and the West,
eWclaVJNKqk-00066-00037272-00037736 Greece has always remained at the crossroads of several cultural streams.
eWclaVJNKqk-00067-00037780-00038386 On the one hand, Ancient Greece can be considered as the western border of the Oriental world,
eWclaVJNKqk-00068-00038386-00038988 and was indeed very much indebted to traditions which go back to Anatolian and Mesopotamian cultures.
eWclaVJNKqk-00069-00039050-00039574 On the other hand, Greece is often regarded as the cradle of Western civilization.
eWclaVJNKqk-00070-00039628-00040174 During the Archaic and the Classical periods, it paved the way for the development of many features of
eWclaVJNKqk-00071-00040174-00040756 European features, in the field of literature, philosophy, history an architecture.
eWclaVJNKqk-00072-00040820-00041212 Europe also ows its monetary economy to Ancient Greece and
eWclaVJNKqk-00073-00041212-00041704 it is often said that the very concept of democracy was first invented there as well.
eWclaVJNKqk-00074-00041828-00042132 Domain eight: Ancient Israel.
eWclaVJNKqk-00075-00042208-00042466 The  important historical periods include:
eWclaVJNKqk-00076-00042498-00043138 the Preexilic Period, the Babylonian Exile, the Persian Era and the Hellenistic Era.
eWclaVJNKqk-00077-00043244-00043648 The important sites include: Jerusalem and Babylon.
eWclaVJNKqk-00078-00043752-00044410 Ancient Israel was a civilization of the Ancient Near East located in Canaan’s Land,
eWclaVJNKqk-00079-00044410-00045194 known above all through the Hebrew Bible, but also from Egyptian and Mesopotamian sources.
eWclaVJNKqk-00080-00045242-00045984 Its history is divided into two by the Babylonian exile, which put an end to the Judean kingdom.
eWclaVJNKqk-00081-00046030-00046682 It was the beginning of the Diaspora (Babylonia and Egypt) but also the origin of Judaism.
eWclaVJNKqk-00082-00046770-00047070 Domain nine: Buddhist India.
eWclaVJNKqk-00083-00047124-00047816 The important historical periods include: the life of Siddhārtha Gautama, the Buddha,
eWclaVJNKqk-00084-00047816-00048690 the Maurya Dynasty including the reign of King Ashoka, the Pala Dynasty and the Disappearance of Buddhism in India.
eWclaVJNKqk-00085-00048766-00049568 The important sites include: Lumbini, Bodhgaya, Varanasi, Sarnath and Pataliputra.
eWclaVJNKqk-00086-00049692-00050176 Buddhism goes back to Siddhārtha Gautama, also known as the Buddha,
eWclaVJNKqk-00087-00050176-00050596 who lived in northern India in the 5th century BCE.
eWclaVJNKqk-00088-00050660-00051196 He taught that it is possible to put an end to suffering by following a middle way between
eWclaVJNKqk-00089-00051196-00052108 sensual indulgence and extreme asceticism, a path characterized by self-discipline, meditation and wisdom.
eWclaVJNKqk-00090-00052217-00052600 While accommodating the gods of the Indian pantheon,
eWclaVJNKqk-00091-00052600-00053050 the Buddha considered them to be subject to suffering and ignorance.
eWclaVJNKqk-00092-00053094-00053596 He famously refused to discuss speculative questions about the afterlife,
eWclaVJNKqk-00093-00053596-00053996 and rejected the notion of a permanently existing soul.
eWclaVJNKqk-00094-00054067-00054644 Today, Buddhism is no longer present at a large scale on the Indian Subcontinent.
eWclaVJNKqk-00095-00054702-00055174 In India itself, the vast majority of the population practices Hinduism,
eWclaVJNKqk-00096-00055174-00055528 with large Muslim, Christian, and other minorities.
eWclaVJNKqk-00097-00055590-00056166 Although Hinduism is by all means a highly relevant topic from the perspective of this MOOC,
eWclaVJNKqk-00098-00056166-00056708 we will mention it only occasionally, and only within the framework of Buddhist India.
eWclaVJNKqk-00099-00056708-00056900 Domaine 10: Chistian Orient.
eWclaVJNKqk-00100-00056986-00057662 The important historical periods include: the Ancient Christian Period, Christianity under Muslims,
eWclaVJNKqk-00101-00057662-00058234 Crusaders and Mongols, Christianity in the Ottoman Empire and in Modern Times.
eWclaVJNKqk-00102-00058290-00059052 The important sites include: Axum, Alexandria, Cairo, Saint Catherine on the Sinaï, Damascus,
eWclaVJNKqk-00103-00059052-00059710 Antioch on the Orontes, Edessa, Erbil, Yerevan, Tbilisi and Kerala.
eWclaVJNKqk-00104-00059776-00060060 Christianity originates from the Middle East.
eWclaVJNKqk-00105-00060096-00060644 From there it not only spread to Europe (and subsequently to many other parts of the world):
eWclaVJNKqk-00106-00060732-00061217 in the Middle East itself it became the majority religion until it was gradually replaced
eWclaVJNKqk-00107-00061217-00061582 by Islam from the seventh century CE onwards,
eWclaVJNKqk-00108-00061582-00062155 although significant Eastern Christian communities live in the Muslim World until the present day.
eWclaVJNKqk-00109-00062332-00063112 Christianity also swiftly expanded further Eastwards, to the Caucasus, Persia, parts of India, Central Asia and China.
eWclaVJNKqk-00110-00063172-00063866 As a result, Oriental Christianity is a complex geographical and cultural domain that partly overlaps
eWclaVJNKqk-00111-00063866-00064594 with Byzantine Christianity and is often marked by close interaction with Islam and other religions and cultures.
eWclaVJNKqk-00112-00064714-00065438 Over a period of about 2000 years, Eastern Christians have transmitted a rich heritage in a variety of languages
eWclaVJNKqk-00113-00065438-00066184 and alphabets such as Ethiopic, Coptic, Arabic, Syriac, Armenian, Georgian and Greek.
eWclaVJNKqk-00114-00066274-00066640 Christian monasticism has its roots in Egypt,
eWclaVJNKqk-00115-00066640-00067202 from where it spread to other parts of the region before it was introduced to early medieval Europe.
eWclaVJNKqk-00116-00067202-00067252 Domain eleven: Islamic World.
eWclaVJNKqk-00117-00067252-00067476 The important historical periods include:
eWclaVJNKqk-00118-00067476-00067946 the Rise of Islam, the Arab Conquests and the Caliphate of Medina (c. 600 – 661 CE),
eWclaVJNKqk-00119-00067946-00068424 the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE), the Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258 CE), the Fatimid Caliphate (909-1171 CE),
eWclaVJNKqk-00120-00068424-00068680 the Ayyubid and Mamluk Sultanates (1171-1517CE),
eWclaVJNKqk-00121-00068680-00069044 the three Great Empires: Ottoman (1299-1923 CE) , Safavid (1501-1736 CE) and Mughal (1526-1857 CE),
eWclaVJNKqk-00122-00069044-00069298 the colonial period and modern times (c. 1800 CE-present).
eWclaVJNKqk-00123-00069468-00070038 The important sites include: Mecca, Cairo, Toledo and Baghdad.
eWclaVJNKqk-00124-00070174-00070822 As an organised religious system, Islam was founded in the Arabian Peninsula by the Prophet Muḥammad
eWclaVJNKqk-00125-00070822-00071424 in the seventh century CE, and is one of the three main monotheistic and Abrahamic religions,
eWclaVJNKqk-00126-00071424-00071706 besides Judaism and Christianity.
eWclaVJNKqk-00127-00071760-00072300 Based on its holy book called the Koran (Qur’ān), it rapidly expanded on three continents
eWclaVJNKqk-00128-00072300-00072724 and is today the religion of over a billion people across the world.
eWclaVJNKqk-00129-00072818-00073338 Islam is also the name of a rich civilisation characterised by an extraordinary mosaic of
eWclaVJNKqk-00130-00073338-00073858 ethnic and linguistic communities including those of various branches of Islam itself,
eWclaVJNKqk-00131-00073858-00074514 as well as those of non-Muslims such as Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians, Hindus and others.
eWclaVJNKqk-00132-00074608-00075098 Over the fourteen centuries of its existence in a huge part of the world,
eWclaVJNKqk-00133-00075098-00075416 this highly diverse and complex civilisation,
eWclaVJNKqk-00134-00075416-00075966 widely contributed to the scientific, cultural and artistic heritage of humankind.
eWclaVJNKqk-00135-00076030-00076472 One can hardly overestimate, for instance, the contribution of Avicenna
eWclaVJNKqk-00136-00076472-00076964 and various other Muslim scholars to the sciences of the European Middle Ages.
eWclaVJNKqk-00137-00077092-00077320 Domain twelve: Tibet.
eWclaVJNKqk-00138-00077406-00077668 The important historical periods include:
eWclaVJNKqk-00139-00077698-00078568 the Tibetan Empire including the reign of King Khri-srong lde-btsan, the Age of Fragmentation,
eWclaVJNKqk-00140-00078568-00079036 the Phag-mo gru-pa Dynasty and the dGa’-ldan pho-brang Government.
eWclaVJNKqk-00141-00079156-00079764 The important sites include: Chongye Dzong (’Phyong-rgyas rdzong), Lhasa and Samye (bSam-yas) Monastery.
eWclaVJNKqk-00142-00079924-00080620 Buddhism spread to numerous Asian countries, and ended up disappearing in India, the land of its birth.
eWclaVJNKqk-00143-00080696-00081526 It was introduced to Tibet in the 8th century CE, where it exerted a significant influence on the cultural,
eWclaVJNKqk-00144-00081526-00081870 philosophical and religious life of the entire country.
eWclaVJNKqk-00145-00081998-00082774 Meditation is an important spiritual practice in Buddhism, even though not all Buddhists meditate.
eWclaVJNKqk-00146-00082826-00083444 One of the characteristics of Tibetan Buddhism is its rich array of contemplative methods.
eWclaVJNKqk-00147-00083456-00084026 Some of these seek to bring the clarity of meditation to the experience of dreaming.
eYSVf-PxR2y-00000-00002214-00002914 1 00:00:00,030 --> 00:00:06,270 Hi. I'm Gary from organicweb.com.au.   2 00:00:03,030 --> 00:00:10,469 If you find this video useful please   3 00:00:06,270 --> 00:00:13,490 like it or leave a comment. I'm going to   4 00:00:10,469 --> 00:00:15,900 show you how we can delete or remove   5 00:00:13,490 --> 00:00:21,359 contacts from Mailchimp; from an audience   6 00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:25,380 in Mailchimp. So in Mailchimp, I'm in my   7 00:00:21,359 --> 00:00:29,130 audience at the moment, if I want to   8 00:00:25,380 --> 00:00:33,000 remove certain people I merely click on   9 00:00:29,130 --> 00:00:39,690 the people I want to remove. I then click   10 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:43,320 "Actions", "Remove contacts" and I have two   11 00:00:39,690 --> 00:00:46,800 options; one is I can archive or I can   12 00:00:43,320 --> 00:00:49,920 permanently delete. Archived; I can add   13 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:51,629 them back again later and if I archive   14 00:00:49,920 --> 00:00:55,559 them they don't count towards our   15 00:00:51,629 --> 00:00:58,079 billing. Alternately I can permanently   16 00:00:55,559 --> 00:01:00,480 delete a person but be aware that if I   17 00:00:58,079 --> 00:01:02,430 do permanently delete a person I cannot   18 00:01:00,480 --> 00:01:05,030 add them back again. And that's how we   19 00:01:02,430 --> 00:01:08,570 remove or delete people in Mailchimp.   20 00:01:05,030 --> 00:01:08,570 Thank you for joining me
eZHHByW2IBM-00000-00000649-00001283 Welcome to another edition of Anglican Unscripted, Episode 590. I'm
eZHHByW2IBM-00001-00001283-00002005 Kevin Kallsen. I'm George Conger. Today is April 15th, 2020.
eZHHByW2IBM-00002-00002867-00003320 All right. Welcome to another program before we get started, please like
eZHHByW2IBM-00003-00003320-00003893 subscribe, comment. Share the program. What else? Oh, we have a podcast. It's in the
eZHHByW2IBM-00004-00003893-00004357 show notes. There. Nice. Simple. I kept it under 15 seconds. People can
eZHHByW2IBM-00005-00004357-00004787 stop complaining about Kevin taking so long to advertise and promote the
eZHHByW2IBM-00006-00004787-00005168 program but somebody should cuz I don't see you guys doing it. That's not true
eZHHByW2IBM-00007-00005168-00005476 You guys really like and comment a lot. You know I'm talking more about the
eZHHByW2IBM-00008-00005476-00005897 comments than I did last time. Yeah alright let me stop. Okay you're looking at your
eZHHByW2IBM-00009-00005897-00006622 screens. You see George. You see Kevin. You don't see Gavin. What happened? Oh the
eZHHByW2IBM-00010-00006622-00007214 stories. Okay so when Gavin joined the Roman Catholic Church a couple months
eZHHByW2IBM-00011-00007214-00007603 ago, he called me and left a message in whatsapp and said Kevin, I joined the
eZHHByW2IBM-00012-00007603-00008336 Roman Catholic Church, and it's not going to work for the program. Yeah, if you
eZHHByW2IBM-00013-00008336-00008803 want, I'll quit unless you can think of something else. I said, don't quit. Wait wait 
eZHHByW2IBM-00014-00008803-00009479 wait. We need you. You're great. You offer a great perspective, and we kind of tried
eZHHByW2IBM-00015-00009479-00009829 to work it out. You know we don't want too much attention on the studio but we
eZHHByW2IBM-00016-00009829-00010346 wanted to be a good representation to the audience, and so I convinced Gavin to
eZHHByW2IBM-00017-00010346-00011075 stay and we had fun and it worked out but over time, it was getting more and
eZHHByW2IBM-00018-00011075-00011836 more tense in the studio with George, Gavin, and I because in reality he was
eZHHByW2IBM-00019-00011836-00012461 a new Roman Catholic and he was loving everything he saw and read, and this
eZHHByW2IBM-00020-00012461-00012975 was becoming kind of the apologetic show for his new found Roman Catholic faith.
eZHHByW2IBM-00021-00012975-00013813 Which made it difficult because George and I are not here to debate Gavin and
eZHHByW2IBM-00022-00013813-00014263 we're starting to get more and more people in the comments, saying you know
eZHHByW2IBM-00023-00014263-00014588 guys, he's giving you softballs. You could have said this. You could have said that
eZHHByW2IBM-00024-00014588-00015379 Why aren't you guys counter pointing Gavin's claims? And that was the week
eZHHByW2IBM-00025-00015379-00015916 the show we were gonna do in Holy Week. We sat down and we did a show and it got
eZHHByW2IBM-00026-00015916-00016392 tens, and everybody basically laid an egg and
eZHHByW2IBM-00027-00016392-00017111 We didn't record. We didn't put it out, and we left angrily. That's life, guys, and
eZHHByW2IBM-00028-00017111-00017727 we kind of made the decision that we really not gonna go on Anglican
eZHHByW2IBM-00029-00017727-00018177 Unscripted with Gavin. We may have another outlet sometime in the future. An
eZHHByW2IBM-00030-00018177-00018561 unscripted program that's not in the Anglican fashion where Gavin will be
eZHHByW2IBM-00031-00018561-00019188 part of it, but I need to be honest with you guys. It just became more and more
eZHHByW2IBM-00032-00019188-00019791 and more tense. Of all the great human beings on the earth that I know and have
eZHHByW2IBM-00033-00019791-00020358 met in all my travels Gavin's one of them and Gavin has proven
eZHHByW2IBM-00034-00020358-00020841 one thing certain. Three heads on this show are better than two. As you're about to
eZHHByW2IBM-00035-00020841-00021540 find out by the end of this episode. He was an amazing counterpoint to what
eZHHByW2IBM-00036-00021540-00022056 we were talking about. His mastery of cultural Marxism in Church of England
eZHHByW2IBM-00037-00022056-00022659 and church politics. You know it's certainly wonderful and helped to show the
eZHHByW2IBM-00038-00022659-00023082 lot. He helped grow our audience. We're gonna obviously take a cut in the
eZHHByW2IBM-00039-00023082-00023601 audience but we also want to be faithful to our audience as well and you know
eZHHByW2IBM-00040-00023601-00024030 I've been told a million times. It's Anglican Unscripted, why on earth do you
eZHHByW2IBM-00041-00024030-00024336 have George on there? Well George is an Anglican.
eZHHByW2IBM-00042-00024336-00024792 He's an Episcopal Anglican. Why do you have Gavin? All right, well I can't
eZHHByW2IBM-00043-00024792-00025284 really defend that, but you know. Here we are. We find ourselves once again after a
eZHHByW2IBM-00044-00025284-00025788 good four years we had Gavin, three years? It's two talking heads: George and Kevin
eZHHByW2IBM-00045-00025788-00026229 giving you the Anglican news, and the Christian perspective on what's going on
eZHHByW2IBM-00046-00026229-00027087 in the world but we're gonna miss Gavin. George? Yes indeed. It was a fun ride but
eZHHByW2IBM-00047-00027087-00027668 all things grow at their own pace, at their own time, and we've now reached a
eZHHByW2IBM-00048-00027668-00028257 time when we need to basically- where are we and where are we going and what do we
eZHHByW2IBM-00049-00028257-00028752 really want to do? Do we want to be a- So do you remember the old CNN show? 
eZHHByW2IBM-00050-00028752-00029368 A crossfire of left and right battling it out, or do we want to be
eZHHByW2IBM-00051-00029368-00030150 an Anglican news and views show, and we tried our best to hold it together but
eZHHByW2IBM-00052-00030150-00030961 and looked what was uniting and was common to all views but then there are
eZHHByW2IBM-00053-00030961-00031728 times when things just got too divisive to really serve our true purpose and our
eZHHByW2IBM-00054-00031728-00032520 brand is not argumentation. No, it's not. Neither Kevin or I are orators. We don't
eZHHByW2IBM-00055-00032520-00033133 We're not forensic scholars. Where we can you know debate and play one-up manship
eZHHByW2IBM-00056-00033133-00033499 I absolutely agree, and that's the hardest part is that type of tension where
eZHHByW2IBM-00057-00033499-00033916 somebody says something and you disagree with it but if you're going to disagree
eZHHByW2IBM-00058-00033916-00034449 with them, this isn't the platform for that. That type of theological
eZHHByW2IBM-00059-00034449-00035034 disagreement doesn't work well and in an unscripted fashion. In cross talk or crossfire from
eZHHByW2IBM-00060-00035034-00035533 CNN, it was perfect because you would walk on there to what? Just to turn on
eZHHByW2IBM-00061-00035533-00035908 CNN, I put deodorant on because I was gonna sweat it out watching it.
eZHHByW2IBM-00062-00035908-00036325 I don't want people to sweat it out watching Anglican Unscripted and you
eZHHByW2IBM-00063-00036325-00036802 know we've all come to this  understanding that will not work
eZHHByW2IBM-00064-00036802-00037344 in this format. This is about news. It's about analyzing the news. It's about
eZHHByW2IBM-00065-00037344-00037853 analyzing the news from a Christian perspective. It's not about defending
eZHHByW2IBM-00066-00037853-00038434 Marian apparitions. It just isn't. Is Gavin to blame? No.
eZHHByW2IBM-00067-00038434-00039009 Gavin's on a journey, a faith journey. Just his journey isn't working in this
eZHHByW2IBM-00068-00039009-00039556 format, for this show. Is George to blame? No because you know it was
eZHHByW2IBM-00069-00039556-00040063 something that was tense in this format. Is Kevin to blame? Well yes, the buck
eZHHByW2IBM-00070-00040063-00040705 stops here. I'm the producer. I make the final calls on format, editing, what's in
eZHHByW2IBM-00071-00040705-00041118 the show, what's out of the show. So if anybody out there wants to blame anybody
eZHHByW2IBM-00072-00041118-00041815 my email's in the show notes. Oh, be gentle. Kevin, I think we need to actually put
eZHHByW2IBM-00073-00041815-00042341 the blame where it truly lies and that's with Katharine Jefferts Schori
eZHHByW2IBM-00074-00042421-00043213 Of course. You know I mean we can always go back to the thing that made
eZHHByW2IBM-00075-00043213-00043688 this show take off was her leadership of the Episcopal Church and we could always
eZHHByW2IBM-00076-00043688-00044153 without fail, find fault in whatever she was doing. That was the good old days
eZHHByW2IBM-00077-00044153-00044609 You know when I wake up in the morning I do miss her leadership of the 
eZHHByW2IBM-00078-00044609-00045299 Episcopal church. Like oh it's gonna be a low content day. So yeah please understand we
eZHHByW2IBM-00079-00045299-00045974 love Gavin, that he helped make this show what it is, but it's just time
eZHHByW2IBM-00080-00045974-00046378 and I think the three of us know it and the three of us are in agreement. I do
eZHHByW2IBM-00081-00046378-00046997 hope to do something else down the road with Gavin. It would be wonderful to do
eZHHByW2IBM-00082-00046997-00047465 something. We could just do four hours on cultural Marxism. Yeah it would be
eZHHByW2IBM-00083-00047465-00048034 wonderful. Let's move on to today's news. We're just out of Holy Week. Generally if
eZHHByW2IBM-00084-00048034-00048619 you've watched this program a lot, you know that Anglican Unscripted does not
eZHHByW2IBM-00085-00048619-00049271 tape during Holly week. George is busy. I'm busy. The last thing I want to do was
eZHHByW2IBM-00086-00049271-00049744 worry about content. Yet a lot of stuff happens over Holy Week, especially when
eZHHByW2IBM-00087-00049744-00050336 there's a pandemic slowly crossing the world. You know zombies are popping out
eZHHByW2IBM-00088-00050336-00050894 of graves. Well that didn't happen yet and so it's fun to watch the church
eZHHByW2IBM-00089-00050894-00051454 respond to a pandemic including Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby
eZHHByW2IBM-00090-00051454-00052145 who said, listen, don't use the churches. The Church of England churches need to be
eZHHByW2IBM-00091-00052145-00052755 closed in respect for all the other non-essential things going on in England
eZHHByW2IBM-00092-00052755-00053207 and I'm like well that's gonna be a wonderful topic when we get back after
eZHHByW2IBM-00093-00053207-00053677 Holy Week. George, give us what happened and give us the update
eZHHByW2IBM-00094-00053677-00054494 Well back in March, Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked non-essential enterprises
eZHHByW2IBM-00095-00054494-00054974 businesses, clubs, groups not to have gatherings of more than 10
eZHHByW2IBM-00096-00054974-00055427 people and the Archbishops of Canterbury and York followed up on this
eZHHByW2IBM-00097-00055427-00055898 and said okay folks we're going to close the churches. So we don't
eZHHByW2IBM-00098-00055898-00056392 want people gathering and we want to set a good example to the nation. That
eZHHByW2IBM-00099-00056392-00056939 our example will be staying at home, but you're allowed to go in. The clergy are
eZHHByW2IBM-00100-00056939-00057709 allowed to go in and make films and do Church remotely, virtually. Then that
eZHHByW2IBM-00101-00057709-00058109 transforms itself. Basically you could film your liturgy. You could have warning prayer
eZHHByW2IBM-00102-00058109-00058577 evening prayer, whatever. You could have Eucharist. You could do it, but it had to
eZHHByW2IBM-00103-00058577-00059200 be on camera. Well in Britain the Covid-19 situation worsened and the government
eZHHByW2IBM-00104-00059200-00059690 imposed stricter and stricter guidelines and we've all seen little news stories
eZHHByW2IBM-00105-00059690-00060425 of policemen harassing little old ladies walking their dogs or dying a lake black
eZHHByW2IBM-00106-00060425-00060809 that was picturesque, that people would like to take a walk, sit, and look at and
eZHHByW2IBM-00107-00060809-00061274 they dyed it black so it will be ugly and people wouldn't come. Well at just as
eZHHByW2IBM-00108-00061274-00061819 the government in England began its overreach in its crackdown on Covid-19
eZHHByW2IBM-00109-00061819-00062402 socialization. The Church of England did as well. Justin Welby and Johnson Tommo
eZHHByW2IBM-00110-00062402-00062966 put out a letter about the third week of March saying we do not want clergy, even
eZHHByW2IBM-00111-00062966-00063517 if they live next door to their churches going in to live stream. You may not go
eZHHByW2IBM-00112-00063517-00063944 in and this was interpreted by the bishops of the Church of England as an
eZHHByW2IBM-00113-00063944-00064454 order. For example on March 23rd the Bishop of Rochester sent out a letter
eZHHByW2IBM-00114-00064454-00064954 explaining here's the Archbishop's policy and I expect everybody to obey
eZHHByW2IBM-00115-00064954-00065621 this and if you do not, this will be a disciplinary matter so you could- even if
eZHHByW2IBM-00116-00065621-00066098 the back door of your garden opened up into the church. You
eZHHByW2IBM-00117-00066098-00066680 still could not go and do worship in your church either privately
eZHHByW2IBM-00118-00066680-00067229 or you couldn't go there to do live streaming or videotaping or anything. You
eZHHByW2IBM-00119-00067229-00067655 could only do it from your home if you're going to do it and then Justin
eZHHByW2IBM-00120-00067655-00068255 Welby began to do these, oh I hate to be unkind, god-awful kitchen
eZHHByW2IBM-00121-00068255-00068732 table services. Yeah where he's there in a rumpled shirt and he always has his
eZHHByW2IBM-00122-00068732-00069268 rumpled shirt in the collar little too far out. Okay Justin Welby has
eZHHByW2IBM-00123-00069268-00070068 a Dilbert collar, don't go teasing him. Okay and basically I liken it to
eZHHByW2IBM-00124-00070068-00070547 politicians going- well let's go to the Polish neighborhood today and have
eZHHByW2IBM-00125-00070547-00070951 kielbasa and pierogies and then for after lunch, we'll go to the Mexican
eZHHByW2IBM-00126-00070951-00071458 neighborhood put on a sombrero and eat tacos. It was just such a pandering. The
eZHHByW2IBM-00127-00071458-00071920 man has a chapel in his house, a beautiful chapel, a beautiful chapel in
eZHHByW2IBM-00128-00071920-00072337 his 14th century house. Okay. It's called Lambeth Palace and he could
eZHHByW2IBM-00129-00072337-00073097 have filmed from the chapel. No he filmed from the kitchen. Well so this
eZHHByW2IBM-00130-00073097-00073627 was if you will, it's akin to the governor of Michigan, Gretchen Whitmer I
eZHHByW2IBM-00131-00073627-00074094 think, yes you know forbidding people from buying garden seed at Home Depot
eZHHByW2IBM-00132-00074094-00074593 You could go to Target and you could buy groceries but the Garden Isle was locked
eZHHByW2IBM-00133-00074593-00075126 down because gardening supplies are non-essential. It was that level of
eZHHByW2IBM-00134-00075126-00075831 silliness. Well here's the good news. The clergy of the Church of England revolted
eZHHByW2IBM-00135-00075831-00076448 left and right this past weekend we saw in the Telegraph and in The Times
eZHHByW2IBM-00136-00076448-00077107 stories about clergy both liberal and conservative saying uh-uh, Justin Welby
eZHHByW2IBM-00137-00077107-00077533 you do not have the legal authority to ban me from celebrating worship in my
eZHHByW2IBM-00138-00077533-00077960 church because the church law says I must celebrate every Sunday no matter
eZHHByW2IBM-00139-00077960-00078629 what. There's no health and safety walk back. No that's good and then on
eZHHByW2IBM-00140-00078629-00079483 Sunday, Justin Welby appeared after he has a terrific clubbing in the press for
eZHHByW2IBM-00141-00079483-00079870 introducing these things and the Telegraph and The Times in particular and
eZHHByW2IBM-00142-00079870-00080281 the Daily Mail had articles lauding these priests who were fighting
eZHHByW2IBM-00143-00080281-00080762 injustice by opening their churches to prayer. Justin Welby appears on the
eZHHByW2IBM-00144-00080762-00081329 Andrew Marr show on TV in Britain and says well these were just suggestions
eZHHByW2IBM-00145-00081329-00081826 They weren't orders. That's sweet. Now nobody seemed to have told the Bishop of
eZHHByW2IBM-00146-00081826-00082187 Rochester at the time, that this was a suggestion because he was saying you
eZHHByW2IBM-00147-00082187-00082614 disobey, you're gonna get the chop so here's the
eZHHByW2IBM-00148-00082614-00083307 great news, there's a spine beginning to form within the clergy of
eZHHByW2IBM-00149-00083307-00083919 England and that's- I wish that spine would form here in the Episcopal Church
eZHHByW2IBM-00150-00083919-00084464 but, a friend of this show James Pace was one of the clergy profiled in
eZHHByW2IBM-00151-00084464-00085086 The Telegraph story and how you know England is a conformist society much
eZHHByW2IBM-00152-00085086-00085599 more so than the United States and to take this step of fighting the power is a
eZHHByW2IBM-00153-00085599-00086055 remarkable, remarkable achievement. Congratulations, James and to all the
eZHHByW2IBM-00154-00086055-00086576 others who spoke out. Well especially with the threat of
eZHHByW2IBM-00155-00086576-00086973 repercussions I mean England has a vast history of
eZHHByW2IBM-00156-00086973-00087495 repercussions towards clergy, and I'm glad they were able to overcome that. Nobody
eZHHByW2IBM-00157-00087495-00088095 got burned at the stake. Nobody got slain in Canterbury so you know good
eZHHByW2IBM-00158-00088095-00088583 times and it's nice to see that the Church of England is finally developing
eZHHByW2IBM-00159-00088583-00089238 a bit of a backbone. Kevin, do you remember Melvin Tinker has been a
eZHHByW2IBM-00160-00089238-00089708 guest on this show a number of times and he writes opinion pieces for Anglican
eZHHByW2IBM-00161-00089708-00090220 Ink and he had a wonderful piece that was one of the top hits of last week
eZHHByW2IBM-00162-00090220-00090900 we're basically saying this abdication of responsibility and of leadership by
eZHHByW2IBM-00163-00090900-00091437 the Archbishops of Canterbury and York it's bad enough that they should go. It's
eZHHByW2IBM-00164-00091437-00091887 really that bad because it's like telling the troops you should instead of
eZHHByW2IBM-00165-00091887-00092262 protecting civilians you should hide in the houses with them to set a good
eZHHByW2IBM-00166-00092262-00092748 example of hiding with your head under the sand. How did the church
eZHHByW2IBM-00167-00092748-00093129 in the time of martyrdom behave. How did the church behave during times of plague
eZHHByW2IBM-00168-00093129-00093567 and epidemic and cholera. Even in the Episcopal Church we have the martyrs of
eZHHByW2IBM-00169-00093567-00094032 Memphis. They were nuns. Episcopal nuns who tended those who are
eZHHByW2IBM-00170-00094032-00094745 suffering from cholera. Isn't this cool? And they died. Let the audience see our
eZHHByW2IBM-00171-00094745-00095193 website called Anglican Ink. This is the article that George is talking about
eZHHByW2IBM-00172-00095193-00095633 with Melvin Tinker. Could you- I took that photo
eZHHByW2IBM-00173-00095633-00096060 of Welby at All Saints Cathedral. That's when he caught sight of Kevin and myself
eZHHByW2IBM-00174-00096060-00096597 He doesn't like us. I don't know why we're perfectly sweet and kind. We brush
eZHHByW2IBM-00175-00096597-00097029 our teeth and everything but that's the face he made when he saw Kevin then he
eZHHByW2IBM-00176-00097029-00097667 turned on me. So if you get a chance, if you haven't read it yet head on over to
eZHHByW2IBM-00177-00097667-00098298 Anglican Ink, and you can read it there It's linked on the front page. Let's
eZHHByW2IBM-00178-00098298-00098876 see if my trades are going well. So a lot has happened obviously in the last four
eZHHByW2IBM-00179-00098876-00099348 weeks and I want to get back to show notes here so I don't lose my place and
eZHHByW2IBM-00180-00099348-00099891 the biggest thing that's happened is the church has been forced to livestream
eZHHByW2IBM-00181-00099891-00100604 have been forced to make a choice close your doors, stay closed, face ruin or
eZHHByW2IBM-00182-00100604-00101200 buy a camera, buy a capture card, hook it up to your computer and livestream and
eZHHByW2IBM-00183-00101200-00101979 for the most part around the world, regardless of social class, churches have
eZHHByW2IBM-00184-00101979-00102627 done it. I have not seen- I can think of maybe three or four churches locally
eZHHByW2IBM-00185-00102627-00103445 here who were not able to do it but I am so impressed. This really is to me the
eZHHByW2IBM-00186-00103445-00104036 big takeaway from this whole Covid-19 thing. Yes we may have a massive
eZHHByW2IBM-00187-00104036-00104519 recession, yes things may fall apart economically, and yes we may get another
eZHHByW2IBM-00188-00104519-00105140 wave of a sickness in the summer. That's all true but from a church life what I'm
eZHHByW2IBM-00189-00105140-00105744 seeing is that the vast majority- let me say 98% of the churches that I'm aware
eZHHByW2IBM-00190-00105744-00106178 of stepped up to the plate and did something. They displayed an
eZHHByW2IBM-00191-00106178-00106650 entrepreneurial spirit. Now of course some churches have done a
eZHHByW2IBM-00192-00106650-00107319 better job. Last week I think we talked about an ACNA Church in West Virginia
eZHHByW2IBM-00193-00107319-00107850 a relatively small church and how all the sudden their internet web
eZHHByW2IBM-00194-00107850-00108525 presence is more, it's massive and it's more polished and more professional than
eZHHByW2IBM-00195-00108525-00108888 some of the suburban churches in Washington DC, that's in essence their
eZHHByW2IBM-00196-00108888-00109539 competition we're seeing- Donald Trump likes to use a
eZHHByW2IBM-00197-00109539-00110023 phrase shaking the box. You know here are all the variables. I don't like him. Let's
eZHHByW2IBM-00198-00110023-00110391 shake the box and see what the die come up with this time
eZHHByW2IBM-00199-00110391-00111060 Yahtzee- is that what we're talking about? It could be Yahtzeee but with
eZHHByW2IBM-00200-00111060-00111823 in this crisis and chaos there's opportunity and some churches, many
eZHHByW2IBM-00201-00111823-00112485 churches are seizing this opportunity and it's really encouraging. It is. Let me
eZHHByW2IBM-00202-00112485-00113016 mute my watch, and I apologize for that. It is because I'm gonna tell you right
eZHHByW2IBM-00203-00113016-00113525 now. People- how's your Amazon stock doing, Kevin?
eZHHByW2IBM-00204-00113534-00114019 It went down to 1,680 and I started buying, buying, buying. Now it's up to 21
eZHHByW2IBM-00205-00114019-00114633 or something. It's $16.80? Uh, that's $1,680. This is Amazon. They don't 
eZHHByW2IBM-00206-00114633-00115171 divide their stock at all. They're a higher class stock, but the church was
eZHHByW2IBM-00207-00115171-00115779 asked to step up to the plate and I'm gonna tell you this. I don't know- I can
eZHHByW2IBM-00208-00115779-00116217 think of maybe half a dozen, maybe a dozen people with a theological degree
eZHHByW2IBM-00209-00116217-00116859 that are really tech savvy. That when this occurred that went like yeah! Most of the
eZHHByW2IBM-00210-00116859-00117223 clergy I know- a little fearful, a little uncertain 
eZHHByW2IBM-00211-00117223-00117774 a little like what do I do now? And so I put up the livestream? Are you talking about me? Yes 
eZHHByW2IBM-00212-00117774-00118575 I put up a livestream of how to livestream and it's interesting to see how the
eZHHByW2IBM-00213-00118575-00119112 clergy have, you know made this now a fundamental part of their worship. They
eZHHByW2IBM-00214-00119112-00119586 don't just do Sunday. They don't just set up and do their their live shot of the
eZHHByW2IBM-00215-00119586-00119974 Eucharist and stuff like that. They're doing morning prayer; they're doing the
eZHHByW2IBM-00216-00119974-00120339 afternoon, noonday prayer; they're doing evening prayer. I see some people doing
eZHHByW2IBM-00217-00120339-00121353 complane and I'm like yeah. Please now that you've learned to work and operate
eZHHByW2IBM-00218-00121353-00121890 and worship in the virtual world, don't think that you need to stop when society
eZHHByW2IBM-00219-00121890-00122206 goes back to normal. You've been given an amazing
eZHHByW2IBM-00220-00122206-00122902 opportunity to grow your church in a virtual way. And we're figuring
eZHHByW2IBM-00221-00122902-00123346 out how to do this. Every Wednesday I have a healing service in
eZHHByW2IBM-00222-00123346-00123916 our chapel in my little Church and we'll get 10- from 6 in the summer to 12 or 15
eZHHByW2IBM-00223-00123916-00124354 in the winter. coming every Wednesday for the hour and a half. I did it this
eZHHByW2IBM-00224-00124354-00124972 morning online with just Susan, my wife, and myself and those 12 people all tuned
eZHHByW2IBM-00225-00124972-00125647 in, plus 200 others who and I don't know if they were there for three seconds or
eZHHByW2IBM-00226-00125647-00126120 if they were there for the entire hour because I couldn't monitor the
eZHHByW2IBM-00227-00126120-00126649 stats while I was doing the show. I hate to say it that way- "doing the show." No, no, no. I could
eZHHByW2IBM-00228-00126649-00127063 show you how, but yeah "we were doing the gig at church" and I could have done
eZHHByW2IBM-00229-00127063-00127438 You know I understand. But the comments
eZHHByW2IBM-00230-00127438-00127888 that I read after this service were that people from far away
eZHHByW2IBM-00231-00127888-00128377 who have no real connectedness to my congregation but other friends of mine
eZHHByW2IBM-00232-00128377-00128776 or friends of friends or somebody sent them a link, participated in that
eZHHByW2IBM-00233-00128776-00129258 worshiping life. We've been doing- like most churches, we've been doing things on
eZHHByW2IBM-00234-00129258-00129790 Sunday morning and my senior warden, in other words this is the lady who really
eZHHByW2IBM-00235-00129790-00130381 needs to have the interest of the church at heart, my church at heart. She watches
eZHHByW2IBM-00236-00130381-00130807 our livestream. She's from South Carolina originally. She
eZHHByW2IBM-00237-00130807-00131251 watches her old Church in South Carolina's livestream and then she
eZHHByW2IBM-00238-00131251-00131860 looks and watches on replay some other churches, so in other words she is going
eZHHByW2IBM-00239-00131860-00132406 from saying to hours and on a Sunday morning in my church to three hours to
eZHHByW2IBM-00240-00132406-00132754 churches all across the country. It's almost like she's in a Chinese
eZHHByW2IBM-00241-00132754-00133120 restaurant, she's taking something from column B. She likes my preaching. She
eZHHByW2IBM-00242-00133120-00133507 loves the music of her old St. Andrews I think it is, in Charleston
eZHHByW2IBM-00243-00133507-00133957 She loves the music here, and she loves you know something else from this other
eZHHByW2IBM-00244-00133957-00134401 aspect. This is not threatening I think to me
eZHHByW2IBM-00245-00134401-00134866 because I'm never going to have a music program like that Church up north but
eZHHByW2IBM-00246-00134866-00135262 what it does is it allows for the fullness and the development of faith so
eZHHByW2IBM-00247-00135262-00135577 it's not that we're competing with each other when we do this
eZHHByW2IBM-00248-00135577-00136092 but rather I think that we're building upon each other's strengths and this is
eZHHByW2IBM-00249-00136092-00136576 an opportunity to really reclaim the world for Jesus Christ
eZHHByW2IBM-00250-00136576-00137089 I go to Church of the Apostles here in Bridgeport, Connecticut and our priest
eZHHByW2IBM-00251-00137089-00137566 does something. I think it's really important during the time of giving, he
eZHHByW2IBM-00252-00137566-00138064 says, listen a lot of people are guests out there and we're doing our time where
eZHHByW2IBM-00253-00138064-00138435 we're gonna collect money from our members. We don't want your money
eZHHByW2IBM-00254-00138435-00139201 Okay and this is- listen to the music, send it to George, listen to the offertory music and
eZHHByW2IBM-00255-00139201-00139654 stuff like that. This is the time where the members of the church click on this
eZHHByW2IBM-00256-00139654-00140077 link and you know give their tithes and stuff like that and he really wants to
eZHHByW2IBM-00257-00140077-00140403 you know if you want to join the church so that's different but we're not
eZHHByW2IBM-00258-00140403-00140955 televangelists. We're not out there begging for money to make ends meet
eZHHByW2IBM-00259-00140955-00141496 We function as a church even though we're doing this in a virtual world and
eZHHByW2IBM-00260-00141496-00142048 and it works two ways. One of our viewers on this show is a man named Jim Hogg, he
eZHHByW2IBM-00261-00142048-00142402 and his wife Linda and they have a teenage son who's an accomplished
eZHHByW2IBM-00262-00142402-00142936 musician James Hogg. Well they'd sent me some CDs their son had made and
eZHHByW2IBM-00263-00142936-00143317 I was listening to them and I thought you know these will be great
eZHHByW2IBM-00264-00143317-00143880 accompaniment music to my services and I don't have to pay royalties to anybody
eZHHByW2IBM-00265-00143880-00144373 and Facebook and YouTube won't slam me for copyright violations
eZHHByW2IBM-00266-00144373-00144772 so I asked, may I use some of your music for the service; they said we'd love
eZHHByW2IBM-00267-00144772-00145195 if you could do that and so at the end of my service I have music performed by
eZHHByW2IBM-00268-00145195-00145651 James Linden Hogg and here's his website if you want to see more of his stuff but
eZHHByW2IBM-00269-00145651-00146299 here's a young man in Louisiana providing the music. You know he played
eZHHByW2IBM-00270-00146299-00146938 the doxology on his violin and in our Eucharist service on Sunday. This
eZHHByW2IBM-00271-00146938-00147670 morning. It's just powerful, the gifts that so sure that this social
eZHHByW2IBM-00272-00147670-00148305 interaction can provide. And here's what happened. In 2020 during a pandemic the
eZHHByW2IBM-00273-00148305-00148762 church stood up and they took back the internet from porn. They took it back
eZHHByW2IBM-00274-00148762-00149202 from Netflix. They stood up and said we can be a presence here. We can be a
eZHHByW2IBM-00275-00149202-00149678 virtual presence offering worship, offering all these skills that we have
eZHHByW2IBM-00276-00149678-00150249 in a place we've never been before. This is the ground you got. I live
eZHHByW2IBM-00277-00150249-00150576 in Connecticut the ground is really hard well the Internet's not that hard. You
eZHHByW2IBM-00278-00150576-00150978 know Anglican TV has been on the internet for 10 years; the people been
eZHHByW2IBM-00279-00150978-00151452 clamoring for your messages and clamouring to hear more about Jesus and
eZHHByW2IBM-00280-00151452-00151944 now they have that opportunity. It took a pandemic but welcome to the Internet
eZHHByW2IBM-00281-00151944-00152304 Don't leave. Don't for a minute leave. Kevin,
eZHHByW2IBM-00282-00152304-00152742 our clergy listserv where we basically all moan and groan about how terrible
eZHHByW2IBM-00283-00152742-00153252 life is in the Diocese of Central Florida has been full of predictions
eZHHByW2IBM-00284-00153252-00153654 that oh people are never going to come back now that they've discovered the
eZHHByW2IBM-00285-00153654-00154071 comfort of watching Church in their pajamas from the lounge chair. How are we
eZHHByW2IBM-00286-00154071-00154505 gonna get them back in the pews on Sunday. Well maybe we suggest as soon as
eZHHByW2IBM-00287-00154505-00155147 this crisis is over, go back to the old way of doing things or is it possible?
eZHHByW2IBM-00288-00155147-00155727 You actually know a bit or two about technology which I
eZHHByW2IBM-00289-00155727-00156351 have discovered. Well thank you. Where do you see this going in the long term? Do
eZHHByW2IBM-00290-00156351-00156726 you think this is just a blip? No this isn't a blip. This is new and
eZHHByW2IBM-00291-00156726-00157350 this is a new normal. Okay the people- as we created individuals
eZHHByW2IBM-00292-00157350-00157980 under the Living God adapt and we are being forced to adapt and when we find
eZHHByW2IBM-00293-00157980-00158562 an adaptation that helps us come closer to God, helps us to worship Him
eZHHByW2IBM-00294-00158562-00159234 more, helps us to have more community. I have called mom every day for four weeks
eZHHByW2IBM-00295-00159234-00159755 I haven't done that since I left for college. You know I call her but not
eZHHByW2IBM-00296-00159755-00160158 every day. Yeah she's like, oh it's you again, yeah hi, mom.
eZHHByW2IBM-00297-00160158-00160575 Just making sure you're okay. We are reestablishing community. We're
eZHHByW2IBM-00298-00160575-00161163 reestablishing the front porch mentality that where we sit down, we listen to
eZHHByW2IBM-00299-00161163-00161571 people, we talked to people, we're more intentional in how we interact because
eZHHByW2IBM-00300-00161571-00162075 people out there outside our doors are dying. People outside our doors and
eZHHByW2IBM-00301-00162075-00162416 outside our churches they're afraid of what's going on and
eZHHByW2IBM-00302-00162416-00162786 they're afraid to talk to each other. They're afraid to get within six feet of
eZHHByW2IBM-00303-00162786-00163415 each other, and the church is there. We're adapting and you're gonna have to
eZHHByW2IBM-00304-00163415-00163844 understand that when this pandemic is over, you don't flick a switch and
eZHHByW2IBM-00305-00163844-00164366 you're off the internet. You've established a community. You have to keep
eZHHByW2IBM-00306-00164366-00165234 that up and please keep it up because it's here to serve not you but God. It's
eZHHByW2IBM-00307-00165234-00165921 here not to glorify you, but to glorify God and the technology is so
eZHHByW2IBM-00308-00165921-00166434 sophisticated these days. I mean I have learned- you know I started off my first
eZHHByW2IBM-00309-00166434-00167186 live stream with this I followed Kevin's advice and then we
eZHHByW2IBM-00310-00167186-00168057 progressed to one of these. Let me- the other way. With microphones and so I've already
eZHHByW2IBM-00311-00168057-00168614 spent my president's twelve hundred dollars. That's already on
eZHHByW2IBM-00312-00168614-00169035 my credit card but it's only gonna get better
eZHHByW2IBM-00313-00169035-00169511 I mean I've learned- my poor wife, not only does she have to cook
eZHHByW2IBM-00314-00169511-00170199 clean and fold my shirts. She now has to be my producer, and okay Susan, fade in
eZHHByW2IBM-00315-00170199-00170704 the scripture readings, fade them out okay, put up the liturgy, now take it down
eZHHByW2IBM-00316-00170704-00171125 Poor woman now knows as much about the service as I do and I've been doing it
eZHHByW2IBM-00317-00171125-00171594 for a living for 25 years. Well but- why I say this is it's only going to get
eZHHByW2IBM-00318-00171594-00172250 better as we all progress along this learning curve. Somebody laughing
eZHHByW2IBM-00319-00172250-00172892 in the background. I don't have a closed set like you do at church. At church
eZHHByW2IBM-00320-00172892-00173150 you don't have to say quiet on the set.
eZHHByW2IBM-00321-00173150-00173511 striking in three two one. You know you don't have to do that
eZHHByW2IBM-00322-00173511-00174098 Here at the Kallsen household. Here's what I discovered, just a little bit of
eZHHByW2IBM-00323-00174098-00174590 brevity in this chaos we live in. There are going to be a lot of people
eZHHByW2IBM-00324-00174590-00175042 especially in the first four weeks here, who are considering now filing for divorce
eZHHByW2IBM-00325-00175042-00175522 they can't handle this quarantine with their family
eZHHByW2IBM-00326-00175522-00176190 with their spouse. It wasn't supposed to be this bad so they're calling lawyers
eZHHByW2IBM-00327-00176190-00176539 and lawyers are there all the time. You can get the 24 hour hotline to the
eZHHByW2IBM-00328-00176539-00176857 lawyer. The lawyers willing to fill out the paperwork and start the divorce
eZHHByW2IBM-00329-00176857-00177342 proceedings but you can't find a judge. You can't find a courtroom because lo
eZHHByW2IBM-00330-00177342-00177739 and behold they're all shut down. By the time you do find a courtroom
eZHHByW2IBM-00331-00177739-00178242 you'll be used to each other finally. You'll say I don't know why we're gonna get
eZHHByW2IBM-00332-00178242-00178726 divorced. I forgot why. So then just this original four weeks here, there's a lot
eZHHByW2IBM-00333-00178726-00179122 of people right now calling divorce lawyers, I'm sure Mrs. AnglicanTV
eZHHByW2IBM-00334-00179122-00179476 considered it a couple times because I have to have the whole room to myself
eZHHByW2IBM-00335-00179476-00180090 when I tape Unscripted but it's a new time. It's a new normal. We're being
eZHHByW2IBM-00336-00180090-00180637 reintroduced to our spouses, our families, and to our neighbors into the world
eZHHByW2IBM-00337-00180637-00181174 online. And I've never thought that when I got married to that
eZHHByW2IBM-00338-00181174-00181747 beautiful woman when she was 22 years old and that was 35 years ago. This past
eZHHByW2IBM-00339-00181747-00182197 Sunday I would see her with a pair of earphones on, standing in front of me
eZHHByW2IBM-00340-00182197-00183780 going three, two, one. Go! Now the thing I love about Anglicanism is that it has form and function
eZHHByW2IBM-00341-00183780-00184207 when we're doing the Liturgy here in America it's been done around the world
eZHHByW2IBM-00342-00184207-00184711 the same day by all these different Anglican churches. Now around the
eZHHByW2IBM-00343-00184711-00185232 world in all these Anglican churches, somebody's doing the countdown- three two
eZHHByW2IBM-00344-00185232-00185827 one, okay we're live. And you see someone fumble around the pulpit. Okay all right
eZHHByW2IBM-00345-00185827-00186424 okay welcome to our church. You know guys, this is a great opportunity for the
eZHHByW2IBM-00346-00186424-00186808 church. It's wonderful to see what you guys doing, what are we coming up on here?
eZHHByW2IBM-00347-00186808-00187329 You know George without Gavin, we may be doing shorter shows. It's 31 minutes
eZHHByW2IBM-00348-00187329-00187744 Anything else you want to talk about? Indian corruption. No that's too long
eZHHByW2IBM-00349-00187744-00188253 That's a multi documentary thing. Okay so we got through a show with just
eZHHByW2IBM-00350-00188253-00188759 two of us. You now understand three is better
eZHHByW2IBM-00351-00188759-00189521 We want you as citizens and viewers and listeners alike to recommend Anglican
eZHHByW2IBM-00352-00189521-00189923 entities, talking heads that you would like to see appear on this program
eZHHByW2IBM-00353-00189923-00190477 Somebody who has some time on their hands that would be a good talking head
eZHHByW2IBM-00354-00190477-00191029 to bounce off of for Anglican Unscripted. Here's what I don't want and this has
eZHHByW2IBM-00355-00191029-00191554 happened a couple times. Kevin, I know this priest, he's very jovial, he's funny
eZHHByW2IBM-00356-00191554-00191911 and you should interview him or you should have him on the program
eZHHByW2IBM-00357-00191911-00192616 I said great, and I tell me about him. Well he doesn't really watch Unscripted. I don't
eZHHByW2IBM-00358-00192616-00193078 think he knows about Unscripted. That's not who we're looking for, we're looking for
eZHHByW2IBM-00359-00193078-00193603 a person who's lively and knows about us. And at the same time, you know people
eZHHByW2IBM-00360-00193603-00194063 have mentioned, why don't you have N.T. Wright on? He would be wonderful; he
eZHHByW2IBM-00361-00194063-00194672 could really give a firm Anglican theological base to Kevin's practical
eZHHByW2IBM-00362-00194672-00195292 and George's historical. I just don't think he's got the time and in other
eZHHByW2IBM-00363-00195292-00195994 words we're looking for people who can, if he will slide in to that sort of-
eZHHByW2IBM-00364-00195994-00196547 It's four or five hours a week commitment. We do about an hour pre-show
eZHHByW2IBM-00365-00196547-00196961 on Monday and then we tape for an hour; That's if everything's perfect
eZHHByW2IBM-00366-00196961-00197525 and then on Friday we do an hour pre-show and we do an hour taping and that's if
eZHHByW2IBM-00367-00197525-00197905 everything's perfect. That's if all the buttons are work. That's if nobody loses
eZHHByW2IBM-00368-00197905-00198364 their connection. If everything is perfect, I need this person have a four
eZHHByW2IBM-00369-00198364-00198845 hour commitment a week. Now I'll tell you what- the pay and benefits are really not
eZHHByW2IBM-00370-00198845-00199148 that good either. So basically they have to work for free
eZHHByW2IBM-00371-00199148-00199595 they have to have four hours of free time and they get no benefits whatsoever
eZHHByW2IBM-00372-00199595-00200249 and you know there's a couple others. Not true, Kevin, you and your wife took
eZHHByW2IBM-00373-00200249-00200786 Susan and me out to dinner when we were at the New Wine
eZHHByW2IBM-00374-00200786-00201332 conference in North Carolina. That's right now when I do take co-hosts out to dinner
eZHHByW2IBM-00375-00201332-00201926 That's a lot of fun. We get the steaks; we don't just get the burgers so yes there
eZHHByW2IBM-00376-00201926-00202403 is a benefit. Tou get to say you were on AnglicanTV. That's a great benefit. That's
eZHHByW2IBM-00377-00202403-00202955 bragging rights right there. I'm Kevin Kallsen. I'm George Conger and
eZHHByW2IBM-00378-00202955-00203596 you've been watching episode 590 of Anglican Unscripted
eb_ry18vCSo-00000-00000229-00000463 View that was only at the very end.
eb_ry18vCSo-00001-00000463-00000698 Actually I think I saw this in Twitter.
eb_ry18vCSo-00002-00000699-00000876 Believe it or not that people
eb_ry18vCSo-00003-00000876-00000993 were saying, you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00004-00000993-00001229 where we're at the end of the semester.
eb_ry18vCSo-00005-00001229-00001434 Kind of all bets are off if
eb_ry18vCSo-00006-00001434-00001523 students need extensions,
eb_ry18vCSo-00007-00001523-00001607 they get extensions.
eb_ry18vCSo-00008-00001607-00001776 But what about the students who
eb_ry18vCSo-00009-00001776-00001957 at the beginning of the semester
eb_ry18vCSo-00010-00001957-00002140 titrated their time and did X&Y&Z?
eb_ry18vCSo-00011-00002140-00002377 So I'm wondering about whether
eb_ry18vCSo-00012-00002377-00002615 we need to announce those.
eb_ry18vCSo-00013-00002615-00002831 Criteria announced those strategies at the
eb_ry18vCSo-00014-00002831-00003111 beginning in order to also make it equitable,
eb_ry18vCSo-00015-00003112-00003360 is that I I don't think I
eb_ry18vCSo-00016-00003360-00003467 said that correctly.
eb_ry18vCSo-00017-00003467-00003715 I don't think I said it clearly,
eb_ry18vCSo-00018-00003715-00003893 so if you understood it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00019-00004120-00004408 Let me know. Go ahead, Haley.
eb_ry18vCSo-00020-00004611-00004844 Yeah thanks. It made perfect sense to me.
eb_ry18vCSo-00021-00004845-00005047 Your question.
eb_ry18vCSo-00022-00005047-00005258 Just for the one example I've
eb_ry18vCSo-00023-00005258-00005468 been talking about in the chat,
eb_ry18vCSo-00024-00005469-00005680 this instructor made a whole video,
eb_ry18vCSo-00025-00005681-00005875 actually a studio produced video
eb_ry18vCSo-00026-00005875-00006070 that she scripted just explaining
eb_ry18vCSo-00027-00006076-00006299 her approach to I think the title
eb_ry18vCSo-00028-00006299-00006489 was like flexibility in this course,
eb_ry18vCSo-00029-00006490-00006701 so it captured that policy like
eb_ry18vCSo-00030-00006701-00006912 she actually spoke to what was
eb_ry18vCSo-00031-00006912-00007134 written in the syllabus and a few
eb_ry18vCSo-00032-00007134-00007359 other ways in which she's tried
eb_ry18vCSo-00033-00007359-00007545 to make the course successful.
eb_ry18vCSo-00034-00007545-00007651 That is great,
eb_ry18vCSo-00035-00007651-00008050 and I I think that I think about that a lot.
eb_ry18vCSo-00036-00008050-00008242 And in fact, one of that's one
eb_ry18vCSo-00037-00008242-00008420 of the things when students.
eb_ry18vCSo-00038-00008420-00008618 It's one of my boilerplates when
eb_ry18vCSo-00039-00008618-00008812 students say at the very end
eb_ry18vCSo-00040-00008812-00009004 can I do X&Y&Z and always say,
eb_ry18vCSo-00041-00009005-00009159 well, I didn't announce that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00042-00009159-00009346 It's not part of my contract with
eb_ry18vCSo-00043-00009346-00009576 you or with the students an if we
eb_ry18vCSo-00044-00009576-00009796 made that change now there are other
eb_ry18vCSo-00045-00009796-00009975 students who might make different
eb_ry18vCSo-00046-00009975-00010144 choices early in the semester,
eb_ry18vCSo-00047-00010144-00010359 so I love Haley that that is.
eb_ry18vCSo-00048-00010360-00010517 That announcement is made at
eb_ry18vCSo-00049-00010517-00010674 the beginning so that everyone
eb_ry18vCSo-00050-00010680-00010897 goes into it with that without
eb_ry18vCSo-00051-00010897-00011042 understood that shared understanding.
eb_ry18vCSo-00052-00011043-00011244 I will tell you on Twitter when
eb_ry18vCSo-00053-00011244-00011302 people announce.
eb_ry18vCSo-00054-00011303-00011504 I'm sorry I sound like a teen.
eb_ry18vCSo-00055-00011505-00011673 What maybe teens aren't on Twitter
eb_ry18vCSo-00056-00011673-00011852 anymore there on whatever but whatever.
eb_ry18vCSo-00057-00011852-00012082 I don't sound like a boomer I guess,
eb_ry18vCSo-00058-00012083-00012170 which I am.
eb_ry18vCSo-00059-00012170-00012344 But when people on Twitter say,
eb_ry18vCSo-00060-00012344-00012372 oh,
eb_ry18vCSo-00061-00012372-00012603 you know it's the end of the semester.
eb_ry18vCSo-00062-00012604-00012772 And so I'm just telling everyone
eb_ry18vCSo-00063-00012772-00012922 all the deadlines or argon.
eb_ry18vCSo-00064-00012922-00013075 Don't worry bout it and there's
eb_ry18vCSo-00065-00013075-00013211 usually get like a gazillion
eb_ry18vCSo-00066-00013211-00013385 like some people just applied it
eb_ry18vCSo-00067-00013385-00013602 an it actually makes me feel a
eb_ry18vCSo-00068-00013602-00013726 little uncomfortable because I'm
eb_ry18vCSo-00069-00013726-00013910 probably I'm likely to have been
eb_ry18vCSo-00070-00013910-00014062 one of those students who.
eb_ry18vCSo-00071-00014063-00014243 Paced myself in the course
eb_ry18vCSo-00072-00014243-00014424 and didn't do other things.
eb_ry18vCSo-00073-00014424-00014682 Didn't work on other courses in order
eb_ry18vCSo-00074-00014682-00015008 to stay on task in that course and then
eb_ry18vCSo-00075-00015008-00015362 for the rules to be changed in the you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00076-00015363-00015615 ninth inning.
eb_ry18vCSo-00077-00015615-00015846 Makes me feel uncomfortable as a student.
eb_ry18vCSo-00078-00016178-00016529 That it's as if we can bake it in,
eb_ry18vCSo-00079-00016529-00016875 like from the very beginning and and.
eb_ry18vCSo-00080-00016876-00017184 We will still need to and I remember hearing
eb_ry18vCSo-00081-00017184-00017442 this point over and over again in the
eb_ry18vCSo-00082-00017442-00017731 lab that we had on on on Accessibility.
eb_ry18vCSo-00083-00017732-00017921 And Universal design Universal Design can
eb_ry18vCSo-00084-00017921-00018139 help us reduce the number of accommodations
eb_ry18vCSo-00085-00018139-00018470 that we would need to do, but it will not.
eb_ry18vCSo-00086-00018470-00018625 Eliminate all of them.
eb_ry18vCSo-00087-00018626-00018834 We will still need to make
eb_ry18vCSo-00088-00018834-00018973 some accommodations so that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00089-00018973-00019215 That what can we do ahead of time?
eb_ry18vCSo-00090-00019216-00019417 That is sort of across the board
eb_ry18vCSo-00091-00019417-00019671 for all of the course is one thing,
eb_ry18vCSo-00092-00019672-00019868 but then we will also still need
eb_ry18vCSo-00093-00019868-00020108 to be able to build in some things
eb_ry18vCSo-00094-00020108-00020297 after that in order to address
eb_ry18vCSo-00095-00020297-00020492 the the people who need it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00096-00020710-00020978 Can I make one more observation I see
eb_ry18vCSo-00097-00020978-00021322 on the attendance that that one is a
eb_ry18vCSo-00098-00021322-00021551 consistent winner that people feel
eb_ry18vCSo-00099-00021551-00021837 like the last one instructor queue up,
eb_ry18vCSo-00100-00021838-00022056 that that's a strategy that seems
eb_ry18vCSo-00101-00022056-00022341 to hit our two sweet spots better
eb_ry18vCSo-00102-00022341-00022603 than any of the other strategies,
eb_ry18vCSo-00103-00022604-00022861 and I'm wondering if that's the
eb_ry18vCSo-00104-00022861-00023139 strategy that we might want to
eb_ry18vCSo-00105-00023139-00023335 promote to other instructors.
eb_ry18vCSo-00106-00023335-00023503 And what I see about that is
eb_ry18vCSo-00107-00023503-00023632 that totally empowers the student
eb_ry18vCSo-00108-00023632-00023763 to make their own choices,
eb_ry18vCSo-00109-00023763-00023968 and I think that there's
eb_ry18vCSo-00110-00023968-00024091 there's something about.
eb_ry18vCSo-00111-00024092-00024245 In K12 education,
eb_ry18vCSo-00112-00024245-00024500 it's very structured instructors and
eb_ry18vCSo-00113-00024500-00024794 their parents or families often will step
eb_ry18vCSo-00114-00024794-00025083 in and provide a very tight structure
eb_ry18vCSo-00115-00025083-00025376 for students to follow and students.
eb_ry18vCSo-00116-00025377-00025699 We don't have a lot of choice,
eb_ry18vCSo-00117-00025699-00026091 a lot of empowerment, right in that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00118-00026092-00026238 In college and some will
eb_ry18vCSo-00119-00026238-00026414 use this as an argument for.
eb_ry18vCSo-00120-00026414-00026620 Why do we do any of this?
eb_ry18vCSo-00121-00026620-00026738 Coddling and helping our
eb_ry18vCSo-00122-00026738-00026855 students along their adults?
eb_ry18vCSo-00123-00026856-00027092 They can figure it out on their own.
eb_ry18vCSo-00124-00027092-00027179 In some ways.
eb_ry18vCSo-00125-00027179-00027355 This one does that the most.
eb_ry18vCSo-00126-00027356-00027629 It lets the students have the power to say
eb_ry18vCSo-00127-00027629-00027943 I can figure out how to do this on my own.
eb_ry18vCSo-00128-00027944-00028149 I can find it in other places.
eb_ry18vCSo-00129-00028150-00028267 I don't have to,
eb_ry18vCSo-00130-00028267-00028414 and so the instructors are.
eb_ry18vCSo-00131-00028414-00028590 When we do require attendance there
eb_ry18vCSo-00132-00028590-00028789 saying no, you have to listen or
eb_ry18vCSo-00133-00028789-00028973 you have to watch this video.
eb_ry18vCSo-00134-00028973-00029161 We talked about this in analytics
eb_ry18vCSo-00135-00029161-00029287 learning analytics as well.
eb_ry18vCSo-00136-00029287-00029443 Instructors will say you have
eb_ry18vCSo-00137-00029443-00029631 to watch you know all too.
eb_ry18vCSo-00138-00029631-00029911 You know 20 minutes of the video in
eb_ry18vCSo-00139-00029911-00030171 order to get full credit versus.
eb_ry18vCSo-00140-00030172-00030217 You know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00141-00030217-00030397 here's a video you might wanna watch it,
eb_ry18vCSo-00142-00030397-00030546 but you don't have to because I'm
eb_ry18vCSo-00143-00030546-00030703 not going to charge you or grade
eb_ry18vCSo-00144-00030703-00030870 you on whether you watch the video.
eb_ry18vCSo-00145-00030870-00031049 I'm going to grade you on what
eb_ry18vCSo-00146-00031049-00031247 you can do after watching or.
eb_ry18vCSo-00147-00031247-00031347 So all you do,
eb_ry18vCSo-00148-00031347-00031499 regardless of whether you watch or
eb_ry18vCSo-00149-00031504-00031685 not watch the video, it's your choice.
eb_ry18vCSo-00150-00031685-00031839 Thoughts on it being empowered there,
eb_ry18vCSo-00151-00031839-00032072 and I see somebody has their hand up bill,
eb_ry18vCSo-00152-00032073-00032164 go ahead.
eb_ry18vCSo-00153-00032164-00032437 Or it could be something else.
eb_ry18vCSo-00154-00032437-00032512 Yeah, well,
eb_ry18vCSo-00155-00032512-00032625 I like it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00156-00032625-00032889 It's kind of related to this is like
eb_ry18vCSo-00157-00032889-00033224 how do you sell that idea to instructors?
eb_ry18vCSo-00158-00033225-00033300 I mean,
eb_ry18vCSo-00159-00033300-00033450 looking at what we've
eb_ry18vCSo-00160-00033450-00033600 done for remote teaching,
eb_ry18vCSo-00161-00033600-00033804 there's still a high number of
eb_ry18vCSo-00162-00033804-00033989 instructors on campus that want
eb_ry18vCSo-00163-00033989-00034161 people to attend synchronously,
eb_ry18vCSo-00164-00034162-00034454 to the point that they make
eb_ry18vCSo-00165-00034454-00034737 students turn on their webcams.
eb_ry18vCSo-00166-00034737-00034903 I can tell you, oh sorry,
eb_ry18vCSo-00167-00034904-00035130 I can tell you Bill the way I as
eb_ry18vCSo-00168-00035130-00035317 instructor tried to sell it and I
eb_ry18vCSo-00169-00035317-00035490 actually just wrote a chapter about
eb_ry18vCSo-00170-00035490-00035713 that talks a little bit about this,
eb_ry18vCSo-00171-00035714-00035875 which is that I think it's a
eb_ry18vCSo-00172-00035875-00035983 false sense of accountability
eb_ry18vCSo-00173-00035983-00036185 that just being there and turning
eb_ry18vCSo-00174-00036185-00036382 on your webcam is a false sense.
eb_ry18vCSo-00175-00036383-00036605 And I love what someone said about it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00176-00036606-00036799 I think it was Amy said it's clear
eb_ry18vCSo-00177-00036799-00037001 how the how we see ourselves as
eb_ry18vCSo-00178-00037001-00037183 learners is a big influence as
eb_ry18vCSo-00179-00037183-00037356 to how we view equality and
eb_ry18vCSo-00180-00037356-00037442 flexibility and I'm
eb_ry18vCSo-00181-00037443-00037644 so I'ma see myself as someone who
eb_ry18vCSo-00182-00037644-00037793 would be attending a webinar.
eb_ry18vCSo-00183-00037793-00037998 For one of my professional organizations
eb_ry18vCSo-00184-00037998-00038240 that yes, I can just sign up.
eb_ry18vCSo-00185-00038240-00038584 I could just show up and turn on my camera,
eb_ry18vCSo-00186-00038584-00038866 but my I, my head might be some several
eb_ry18vCSo-00187-00038866-00039087 different places and that's a false
eb_ry18vCSo-00188-00039087-00039310 sense of accountability that to me
eb_ry18vCSo-00189-00039310-00039513 a better sense of accountability is
eb_ry18vCSo-00190-00039513-00039788 are they doing the work and are they
eb_ry18vCSo-00191-00039788-00039925 mastering the learning objectives?
eb_ry18vCSo-00192-00039926-00040199 An I think we're going with low hanging
eb_ry18vCSo-00193-00040199-00040436 fruit that if we think just showing
eb_ry18vCSo-00194-00040436-00040677 up and turning on your webcam is
eb_ry18vCSo-00195-00040677-00040933 getting the thing that we really want.
eb_ry18vCSo-00196-00040934-00041167 Which is doing the work and mastering
eb_ry18vCSo-00197-00041167-00041268 the learning objectives.
eb_ry18vCSo-00198-00041268-00041572 That's the way I would sell it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00199-00041573-00041678 And me, too,
eb_ry18vCSo-00200-00041678-00041888 you're pointless to build on that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00201-00041888-00042126 How we saw our our own learning
eb_ry18vCSo-00202-00042126-00042341 situations sets sort of the standard
eb_ry18vCSo-00203-00042341-00042483 of what we perpetuate.
eb_ry18vCSo-00204-00042483-00042761 So if we had a very difficult time in
eb_ry18vCSo-00205-00042761-00043042 grad school or in courses or whatever,
eb_ry18vCSo-00206-00043043-00043358 and we had had to go through the hazing.
eb_ry18vCSo-00207-00043358-00043568 Or you know that ritualized hazing.
eb_ry18vCSo-00208-00043568-00043873 In order to show that we can.
eb_ry18vCSo-00209-00043874-00044088 You know that we're strong enough,
eb_ry18vCSo-00210-00044089-00044341 smart enough, whatever to get through it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00211-00044341-00044629 We feel like we often feel like, oh,
eb_ry18vCSo-00212-00044629-00044852 we need to perpetuate that because
eb_ry18vCSo-00213-00044852-00045058 college should not be easy, right?
eb_ry18vCSo-00214-00045058-00045273 We shouldn't carry people through it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00215-00045274-00045525 They need to sort of forge their
eb_ry18vCSo-00216-00045525-00045740 way through it on their own.
eb_ry18vCSo-00217-00045741-00045991 And I think that's a dangerous way to
eb_ry18vCSo-00218-00045991-00046242 sort of perpetuate the status quo.
eb_ry18vCSo-00219-00046243-00046341 And you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00220-00046341-00046619 the systems in silos that we have right
eb_ry18vCSo-00221-00046619-00046948 now instead of more diverse, more opening.
eb_ry18vCSo-00222-00046948-00047145 Open and welcoming.
eb_ry18vCSo-00223-00047145-00047305 We have letting more people
eb_ry18vCSo-00224-00047305-00047401 into our disciplines.
eb_ry18vCSo-00225-00047401-00047593 Lisa, you've got your hand up.
eb_ry18vCSo-00226-00047593-00047768 Go ahead.
eb_ry18vCSo-00227-00047768-00047795 Yeah,
eb_ry18vCSo-00228-00047795-00047906 speaking to Bill's question,
eb_ry18vCSo-00229-00047906-00048093 I think part of it is you can flip
eb_ry18vCSo-00230-00048093-00048282 it around to the instructor and ask
eb_ry18vCSo-00231-00048282-00048467 why do you feel like attendance
eb_ry18vCSo-00232-00048467-00048678 is so important in your classroom?
eb_ry18vCSo-00233-00048679-00048844 What're you doing that's engaging your
eb_ry18vCSo-00234-00048844-00049009 students that you want them there?
eb_ry18vCSo-00235-00049010-00049175 'cause if it's just a lecture,
eb_ry18vCSo-00236-00049176-00049329 you can capture that lecture and
eb_ry18vCSo-00237-00049329-00049479 people can watch that whenever.
eb_ry18vCSo-00238-00049479-00049725 So I don't know if some of it might be
eb_ry18vCSo-00239-00049731-00050003 just like an ego like I made this lecture.
eb_ry18vCSo-00240-00050004-00050108 This is my classroom.
eb_ry18vCSo-00241-00050108-00050307 You need to be butts in seats,
eb_ry18vCSo-00242-00050307-00050472 versus if you think that they're
eb_ry18vCSo-00243-00050472-00050583 losing something you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00244-00050583-00050748 like have them think about it,
eb_ry18vCSo-00245-00050749-00050890 like what are you providing
eb_ry18vCSo-00246-00050890-00051032 the students that they had?
eb_ry18vCSo-00247-00051032-00051300 That they can't get unless they are.
eb_ry18vCSo-00248-00051301-00051437 Attending your class Lisa.
eb_ry18vCSo-00249-00051437-00051676 I love that. I absolutely love that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00250-00051676-00051880 Which is what's the value added.
eb_ry18vCSo-00251-00051880-00051934 I mean,
eb_ry18vCSo-00252-00051934-00052120 I think about that with regard to
eb_ry18vCSo-00253-00052120-00052254 synchronous synchronous sessions
eb_ry18vCSo-00254-00052254-00052357 versus asynchronous,
eb_ry18vCSo-00255-00052358-00052596 which is where is the value added.
eb_ry18vCSo-00256-00052597-00052845 You need to show me that there is
eb_ry18vCSo-00257-00052845-00053077 some true value added an I will
eb_ry18vCSo-00258-00053077-00053323 say about the ego thing and I'm
eb_ry18vCSo-00259-00053323-00053551 not going to make cast aspersions.
eb_ry18vCSo-00260-00053552-00053769 But when we did a campus wide survey
eb_ry18vCSo-00261-00053769-00053995 on fairness of disability accommodations,
eb_ry18vCSo-00262-00053995-00054227 the one there were a couple that
eb_ry18vCSo-00263-00054227-00054327 were really shocking
eb_ry18vCSo-00264-00054333-00054540 to me that came from instructors.
eb_ry18vCSo-00265-00054541-00054724 But one of them was.
eb_ry18vCSo-00266-00054724-00054938 They don't see flexibility with attendance
eb_ry18vCSo-00267-00054938-00055193 as being as fair as one might think
eb_ry18vCSo-00268-00055193-00055421 an I think it comes back to exactly
eb_ry18vCSo-00269-00055421-00055646 what you were saying, Lisa, which is.
eb_ry18vCSo-00270-00055646-00055772 I prepared this list.
eb_ry18vCSo-00271-00055773-00055954 It's like you're your grandmother
eb_ry18vCSo-00272-00055954-00056100 who's prepared that Thanksgiving
eb_ry18vCSo-00273-00056100-00056281 dinner and you're not at the table.
eb_ry18vCSo-00274-00056282-00056463 You know, it's like I've worked
eb_ry18vCSo-00275-00056463-00056664 really hard to prepare this lecture,
eb_ry18vCSo-00276-00056664-00056915 and I want you to be there. I.
eb_ry18vCSo-00277-00056915-00057093 I think that the pandemic and
eb_ry18vCSo-00278-00057093-00057329 the shift to remote will, I hope,
eb_ry18vCSo-00279-00057329-00057617 cause us to think in much more flexible ways.
eb_ry18vCSo-00280-00057617-00057843 I see a lot of those comments
eb_ry18vCSo-00281-00057843-00058016 coming up in the chat.
eb_ry18vCSo-00282-00058016-00058360 And I'm just going to give a, uh, uh,
eb_ry18vCSo-00283-00058360-00058627 a pitch right now for our members.
eb_ry18vCSo-00284-00058628-00058780 The teaching academies members
eb_ry18vCSo-00285-00058780-00058856 only roundtable,
eb_ry18vCSo-00286-00058857-00059088 which will be May 14th and a
eb_ry18vCSo-00287-00059088-00059357 couple of the people who will be
eb_ry18vCSo-00288-00059357-00059598 involved in in that members only
eb_ry18vCSo-00289-00059606-00059811 round table will be there,
eb_ry18vCSo-00290-00059812-00060230 and we're going to be talking about.
eb_ry18vCSo-00291-00060230-00060430 We're going to be talking about
eb_ry18vCSo-00292-00060430-00060624 lessons learned from the pandemic,
eb_ry18vCSo-00293-00060624-00060720 and you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00294-00060720-00060985 how can we shift ourselves to be as
eb_ry18vCSo-00295-00060985-00061193 flexible and equitable as we hoped
eb_ry18vCSo-00296-00061193-00061445 that we were during the pandemic.
eb_ry18vCSo-00297-00061445-00061623 So enough about my pitch.
eb_ry18vCSo-00298-00062076-00062248 Yes, and if you're not in
eb_ry18vCSo-00299-00062248-00062420 part of the teaching Academy,
eb_ry18vCSo-00300-00062420-00062570 you should be because you have
eb_ry18vCSo-00301-00062570-00062757 shown that you are interested in
eb_ry18vCSo-00302-00062757-00062921 teaching and learning development.
eb_ry18vCSo-00303-00062921-00063193 So just by being here, it shows that
eb_ry18vCSo-00304-00063193-00063386 you're interested and you should.
eb_ry18vCSo-00305-00063387-00063686 Join us an extended conversation on teaching
eb_ry18vCSo-00306-00063686-00063967 and learning with others in the campus.
eb_ry18vCSo-00307-00063967-00064236 Should we get into some of the
eb_ry18vCSo-00308-00064236-00064492 questions that are that are in here?
eb_ry18vCSo-00309-00064492-00064830 Oh, I'm sorry before we do John real quickly.
eb_ry18vCSo-00310-00064830-00065104 I was going to just also flag a
eb_ry18vCSo-00311-00065104-00065355 couple more that showed some high.
eb_ry18vCSo-00312-00065355-00065640 The last instructor Z with regard to
eb_ry18vCSo-00313-00065640-00065912 exams that doesn't rely on high stakes
eb_ry18vCSo-00314-00065912-00066167 exams or other quote must be present
eb_ry18vCSo-00315-00066167-00066410 healthy and on top of their game
eb_ry18vCSo-00316-00066410-00066664 on one specific specific day of the
eb_ry18vCSo-00317-00066664-00066932 entire semester to get credit for a
eb_ry18vCSo-00318-00066932-00067127 chunk of the semester's achievements.
eb_ry18vCSo-00319-00067127-00067339 That one seemed to really also hit the
eb_ry18vCSo-00320-00067339-00067572 sweet spot of both of those and just to
eb_ry18vCSo-00321-00067572-00067757 circle back about our own experience.
eb_ry18vCSo-00322-00067757-00068128 I grew up with a mother with a
eb_ry18vCSo-00323-00068128-00068299 very and can in inconsistent.
eb_ry18vCSo-00324-00068299-00068485 She had lupus and you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00325-00068485-00068640 I I told the story.
eb_ry18vCSo-00326-00068640-00068919 Several of you have heard it, so I apologize.
eb_ry18vCSo-00327-00068919-00069043 I know John sorted,
eb_ry18vCSo-00328-00069043-00069263 but for example she could never make
eb_ry18vCSo-00329-00069263-00069481 the commitment that she would be at
eb_ry18vCSo-00330-00069481-00069657 my ballet recital because her health
eb_ry18vCSo-00331-00069663-00069849 she could not control her health,
eb_ry18vCSo-00332-00069849-00070057 but she could do so many other
eb_ry18vCSo-00333-00070057-00070317 things to get us to that place in
eb_ry18vCSo-00334-00070317-00070516 advance when she was feeling healthy
eb_ry18vCSo-00335-00070516-00070778 an I think about that a lot and any
eb_ry18vCSo-00336-00070779-00070965 of us who have raised children.
eb_ry18vCSo-00337-00070965-00071287 I have the deluxe version with it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00338-00071287-00071431 Offspring with significant disabilities.
eb_ry18vCSo-00339-00071431-00071693 Anyone who's ever John with his puppies?
eb_ry18vCSo-00340-00071693-00071727 Yeah?
eb_ry18vCSo-00341-00071727-00072002 I mean any of us have ever had
eb_ry18vCSo-00342-00072002-00072136 other life draws?
eb_ry18vCSo-00343-00072136-00072391 We know that we can't always be
eb_ry18vCSo-00344-00072391-00072614 at the top of our game,
eb_ry18vCSo-00345-00072615-00072874 but in chair on that particular day.
eb_ry18vCSo-00346-00072874-00073194 And that's the one that resonates a lot
eb_ry18vCSo-00347-00073194-00073596 to me in terms of my personal experience.
eb_ry18vCSo-00348-00073597-00073776 And I I'm trying to think of
eb_ry18vCSo-00349-00073776-00073910 the instructors name in Martin.
eb_ry18vCSo-00350-00073911-00074068 It might be you that has.
eb_ry18vCSo-00351-00074069-00074279 I think it is you that has lots of
eb_ry18vCSo-00352-00074279-00074458 assignments so you have a lot of
eb_ry18vCSo-00353-00074458-00074645 accountability but you don't say necessarily.
eb_ry18vCSo-00354-00074645-00074854 You have to do it at this time.
eb_ry18vCSo-00355-00074855-00075068 You say it has to all be done by
eb_ry18vCSo-00356-00075068-00075259 this time or this chunk of them
eb_ry18vCSo-00357-00075259-00075456 have to be done by this time,
eb_ry18vCSo-00358-00075457-00075725 but that let's the students work ahead if
eb_ry18vCSo-00359-00075725-00076010 they know that there they might have some.
eb_ry18vCSo-00360-00076011-00076145 Surprises or something might
eb_ry18vCSo-00361-00076145-00076245 flare up unexpected.
eb_ry18vCSo-00362-00076246-00076496 They can work ahead to sort of put
eb_ry18vCSo-00363-00076496-00076783 some in the bank for those days that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00364-00076784-00076904 That way they're not.
eb_ry18vCSo-00365-00076904-00077166 They don't miss a day and there's some
eb_ry18vCSo-00366-00077166-00077421 for this semester or they're you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00367-00077422-00077695 they're out of college because there.
eb_ry18vCSo-00368-00077695-00077889 Because they're out for a week
eb_ry18vCSo-00369-00077889-00078181 or a month or whatever, let them.
eb_ry18vCSo-00370-00078181-00078490 Work ahead if possible to build up
eb_ry18vCSo-00371-00078490-00078854 some of this sort of reserves so that
eb_ry18vCSo-00372-00078854-00079212 when the tragedy hits or it doesn't sink.
eb_ry18vCSo-00373-00079437-00079617 Alright good any other thoughts before
eb_ry18vCSo-00374-00079617-00079797 we start moving to the questions
eb_ry18vCSo-00375-00079797-00079990 that we want to talk about today?
eb_ry18vCSo-00376-00080550-00080730 Give folks a minute to raise their
eb_ry18vCSo-00377-00080730-00080923 hand or to unmute and jump in.
eb_ry18vCSo-00378-00081568-00081939 Alright, see nothing, let's move on then.
eb_ry18vCSo-00379-00081940-00082097 Thoughts on how do we achieve equity
eb_ry18vCSo-00380-00082097-00082222 and flexibility in office hours?
eb_ry18vCSo-00381-00082223-00082411 And I think this is a great one.
eb_ry18vCSo-00382-00082412-00082760 We know that. The students who go
eb_ry18vCSo-00383-00082760-00082969 to office hours often feel more
eb_ry18vCSo-00384-00082976-00083218 connected to our instructors and that
eb_ry18vCSo-00385-00083218-00083455 feeling of being more connected.
eb_ry18vCSo-00386-00083455-00083720 Does a lot, not just for the academic,
eb_ry18vCSo-00387-00083721-00084048 but for their resilience and their.
eb_ry18vCSo-00388-00084049-00084208 Their connection there their
eb_ry18vCSo-00389-00084208-00084493 their ability to to sort of move
eb_ry18vCSo-00390-00084493-00084719 on because often office hours are
eb_ry18vCSo-00391-00084719-00084990 often not just about course content.
eb_ry18vCSo-00392-00084990-00085153 They're often about relationship
eb_ry18vCSo-00393-00085153-00085234 building and.
eb_ry18vCSo-00394-00085483-00085707 There's a lot of therapy, I think in
eb_ry18vCSo-00395-00085707-00085903 office hours whether we intended or not.
eb_ry18vCSo-00396-00085903-00086071 It just through that human connection.
eb_ry18vCSo-00397-00086071-00086267 So what do we think about that?
eb_ry18vCSo-00398-00086780-00086928 Should they be required?
eb_ry18vCSo-00399-00086928-00087077 Should be extra credit.
eb_ry18vCSo-00400-00087078-00087300 Should they only be, you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00401-00087301-00087769 once a week between next time and next time?
eb_ry18vCSo-00402-00087769-00088060 Do we have a online office hours
eb_ry18vCSo-00403-00088060-00088312 where students can just click a
eb_ry18vCSo-00404-00088312-00088551 button and get into the office?
eb_ry18vCSo-00405-00088552-00088774 The Virtual Office rather than
eb_ry18vCSo-00406-00088774-00088996 trudge across campus to your
eb_ry18vCSo-00407-00089003-00089251 building at your one hour a week?
eb_ry18vCSo-00408-00089252-00089416 Thoughts on that? Heidi?
eb_ry18vCSo-00409-00089416-00089701 I see you on mute. Go ahead.
eb_ry18vCSo-00410-00089701-00089936 Sure, I have found that students
eb_ry18vCSo-00411-00089936-00090199 tend not to attend office hours,
eb_ry18vCSo-00412-00090200-00090346 but they do.
eb_ry18vCSo-00413-00090346-00090590 If you repackage your office
eb_ry18vCSo-00414-00090590-00090807 hour as a check in.
eb_ry18vCSo-00415-00090808-00091056 With the Google Docs sign up and
eb_ry18vCSo-00416-00091056-00091274 you offer these you know every
eb_ry18vCSo-00417-00091274-00091517 week or every other week and you
eb_ry18vCSo-00418-00091525-00091742 can tag them into an assignment
eb_ry18vCSo-00419-00091742-00092046 in canvas so that it comes up in
eb_ry18vCSo-00420-00092046-00092353 there in their feed and I don't.
eb_ry18vCSo-00421-00092353-00092638 They don't receive any additional credit,
eb_ry18vCSo-00422-00092638-00092887 but they're totally optional,
eb_ry18vCSo-00423-00092887-00093199 but most more students will
eb_ry18vCSo-00424-00093199-00093453 tend to jump into that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00425-00093454-00093494 Then,
eb_ry18vCSo-00426-00093494-00093734 especially if if the check-in has
eb_ry18vCSo-00427-00093734-00093987 some kind of title or description
eb_ry18vCSo-00428-00093987-00094237 like we were working on your
eb_ry18vCSo-00429-00094237-00094456 your first draft this week,
eb_ry18vCSo-00430-00094457-00094707 who would like to, you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00431-00094708-00094958 just check in on topic narrowing
eb_ry18vCSo-00432-00094958-00095126 or something like that,
eb_ry18vCSo-00433-00095126-00095287 so keep it specific.
eb_ry18vCSo-00434-00095287-00095695 Call it a 15 minute check in and week by
eb_ry18vCSo-00435-00095695-00096045 week you may see like handfuls of students,
eb_ry18vCSo-00436-00096046-00096362 take advantage of that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00437-00096362-00096488 And I've seen them
eb_ry18vCSo-00438-00096488-00096614 rephrased as student hours.
eb_ry18vCSo-00439-00096615-00096773 I've seen them held instead
eb_ry18vCSo-00440-00096773-00096931 of in the instructors office,
eb_ry18vCSo-00441-00096931-00097120 which has a huge power dynamic.
eb_ry18vCSo-00442-00097120-00097185 You know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00443-00097185-00097348 facing that certificate in that
eb_ry18vCSo-00444-00097348-00097571 stack of books and all of the
eb_ry18vCSo-00445-00097571-00097720 sort of power indicators there.
eb_ry18vCSo-00446-00097721-00097941 If you have it in the classroom,
eb_ry18vCSo-00447-00097942-00098131 that's a place that the students
eb_ry18vCSo-00448-00098131-00098258 are already comfortable with.
eb_ry18vCSo-00449-00098258-00098478 If you have it virtually there in
eb_ry18vCSo-00450-00098478-00098641 their house, whereas you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00451-00098641-00098806 surrounded by their stuff where
eb_ry18vCSo-00452-00098806-00099015 they can feel a little bit safer,
eb_ry18vCSo-00453-00099016-00099264 there's there's a lot of other
eb_ry18vCSo-00454-00099264-00099430 cool little tricks that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00455-00099430-00099585 And and your idea of like let's
eb_ry18vCSo-00456-00099585-00099747 focus on a particular thing.
eb_ry18vCSo-00457-00099748-00099933 So it's not about come talk to me and
eb_ry18vCSo-00458-00099933-00100171 we can have this awkward conversation about.
eb_ry18vCSo-00459-00100172-00100304 I don't know something that
eb_ry18vCSo-00460-00100304-00100410 will eventually get to.
eb_ry18vCSo-00461-00100411-00100692 But now we have a structure we have a
eb_ry18vCSo-00462-00100692-00101007 thing that we can work on together and that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00463-00101008-00101141 Easiest the conversations,
eb_ry18vCSo-00464-00101141-00101407 then it's easier for the conversations
eb_ry18vCSo-00465-00101407-00101628 to move into a a more social,
eb_ry18vCSo-00466-00101629-00101706 more supportive,
eb_ry18vCSo-00467-00101706-00101745 more.
eb_ry18vCSo-00468-00101745-00101938 I believe in you student,
eb_ry18vCSo-00469-00101939-00102171 you can do this type conversation,
eb_ry18vCSo-00470-00102172-00102339 which are wonderful conversations
eb_ry18vCSo-00471-00102339-00102590 for office hours and one other
eb_ry18vCSo-00472-00102596-00102792 thing you can option or offer.
eb_ry18vCSo-00473-00102793-00102937 John is some students.
eb_ry18vCSo-00474-00102937-00103082 If they're uncomfortable being
eb_ry18vCSo-00475-00103082-00103335 in a video conversation with you.
eb_ry18vCSo-00476-00103335-00103684 I've also just made the chat as an option,
eb_ry18vCSo-00477-00103684-00104043 so if you want to have your check in.
eb_ry18vCSo-00478-00104044-00104306 Using a chat function in canvas
eb_ry18vCSo-00479-00104306-00104560 instead of through zoom or BBC U,
eb_ry18vCSo-00480-00104560-00104697 That's another option,
eb_ry18vCSo-00481-00104697-00105017 and a small number of students prefer
eb_ry18vCSo-00482-00105025-00105329 that and they'll take advantage of that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00483-00105330-00105442 I yeah absolutely.
eb_ry18vCSo-00484-00105442-00105592 The even an asynchronous
eb_ry18vCSo-00485-00105592-00105750 sort of ongoing thing,
eb_ry18vCSo-00486-00105750-00105961 so it's not just you know
eb_ry18vCSo-00487-00105961-00106103 from 10:00 to 10:15
eb_ry18vCSo-00488-00106111-00106322 or whatever that period is.
eb_ry18vCSo-00489-00106323-00106560 But today I'll be available on
eb_ry18vCSo-00490-00106560-00106797 whatever to answer questions Piazza is
eb_ry18vCSo-00491-00106797-00107048 mentioned in the in the document here,
eb_ry18vCSo-00492-00107049-00107334 and I just want to highlight
eb_ry18vCSo-00493-00107334-00107694 that sort of the use of a forum.
eb_ry18vCSo-00494-00107695-00107897 Let's lurkers into that conversation, right?
eb_ry18vCSo-00495-00107897-00108098 So I might, as a student,
eb_ry18vCSo-00496-00108099-00108209 have the question,
eb_ry18vCSo-00497-00108209-00108431 but not be willing or confident
eb_ry18vCSo-00498-00108431-00108604 enough to ask you about it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00499-00108605-00108773 But if somebody else does,
eb_ry18vCSo-00500-00108773-00108907 I definitely am interested,
eb_ry18vCSo-00501-00108907-00109076 and I wanna, you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00502-00109076-00109312 look at that and see what's happening.
eb_ry18vCSo-00503-00109313-00109481 'cause I'm interested as well.
eb_ry18vCSo-00504-00109481-00109818 I just I'm afraid to ask it and pick out.
eb_ry18vCSo-00505-00109818-00110053 So let's you ask those things anonymously,
eb_ry18vCSo-00506-00110054-00110223 not anonymously to the instructor,
eb_ry18vCSo-00507-00110223-00110391 but anonymously to the students.
eb_ry18vCSo-00508-00110391-00110669 They won't look silly.
eb_ry18vCSo-00509-00110670-00110954 Or like I don't get it and I should know it,
eb_ry18vCSo-00510-00110954-00111030 so that's good.
eb_ry18vCSo-00511-00111351-00111559 Yes asynchronously great.
eb_ry18vCSo-00512-00111878-00112090 And then I was gonna say I will
eb_ry18vCSo-00513-00112090-00112296 just mention also that we know that
eb_ry18vCSo-00514-00112296-00112527 their data is showing that the more
eb_ry18vCSo-00515-00112527-00112734 privileged the student, the more likely
eb_ry18vCSo-00516-00112734-00112917 they are to attend office hours.
eb_ry18vCSo-00517-00112918-00113095 In fact, most of us who have ever
eb_ry18vCSo-00518-00113095-00113321 held in person office hours or even
eb_ry18vCSo-00519-00113321-00113497 virtual synchronous office hours know
eb_ry18vCSo-00520-00113504-00113683 that it's a bimodal distribution.
eb_ry18vCSo-00521-00113683-00113831 It's the students who probably
eb_ry18vCSo-00522-00113831-00114020 don't even need to be there,
eb_ry18vCSo-00523-00114020-00114199 and then the students who should
eb_ry18vCSo-00524-00114199-00114575 have been there like months ago, but.
eb_ry18vCSo-00525-00114575-00114896 So they're not I, you know, I.
eb_ry18vCSo-00526-00114896-00115216 I love that these suggestions for
eb_ry18vCSo-00527-00115216-00115493 alternatives to traditional office hours.
eb_ry18vCSo-00528-00115494-00115636 And I want to highlight what
eb_ry18vCSo-00529-00115636-00115806 Bill put in chat here as well.
eb_ry18vCSo-00530-00115806-00116007 This idea that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00531-00116007-00116251 If you empower the students to to help
eb_ry18vCSo-00532-00116251-00116504 each other through these sort of support
eb_ry18vCSo-00533-00116504-00116764 spaces where the students can help build,
eb_ry18vCSo-00534-00116764-00116867 you know one,
eb_ry18vCSo-00535-00116867-00117108 they can answer questions for each other.
eb_ry18vCSo-00536-00117108-00117308 They can share their strategies that
eb_ry18vCSo-00537-00117308-00117520 you might not ever think about,
eb_ry18vCSo-00538-00117521-00117764 but it worked way better
eb_ry18vCSo-00539-00117764-00117959 than your strategies and.
eb_ry18vCSo-00540-00117959-00118038 In doing so,
eb_ry18vCSo-00541-00118038-00118221 they will build that sort of cultural
eb_ry18vCSo-00542-00118226-00118405 capital that you know often students
eb_ry18vCSo-00543-00118405-00118567 really strive for by saying,
eb_ry18vCSo-00544-00118567-00118710 Oh yeah, go to John.
eb_ry18vCSo-00545-00118710-00118999 He's the resource for XY and Z go to
eb_ry18vCSo-00546-00118999-00119327 so you know Bill knows all about this.
eb_ry18vCSo-00547-00119328-00119594 That's that's a powerful motivator
eb_ry18vCSo-00548-00119594-00119977 for that kind of support and sharing.
eb_ry18vCSo-00549-00119978-00120156 And that can be something outside
eb_ry18vCSo-00550-00120156-00120347 of office hours where the student
eb_ry18vCSo-00551-00120347-00120568 support each other. Great next one.
eb_ry18vCSo-00552-00120568-00120808 How do we achieve equity and
eb_ry18vCSo-00553-00120808-00121049 flexibility for in class presentations?
eb_ry18vCSo-00554-00121050-00121306 I don't know good answer to that one.
eb_ry18vCSo-00555-00121307-00121621 I do know that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00556-00121622-00121980 This idea of everyone recording in
eb_ry18vCSo-00557-00121980-00122284 advance gives some flexibility there.
eb_ry18vCSo-00558-00122284-00122636 It lets people who are not.
eb_ry18vCSo-00559-00122636-00122849 It lets people showcase their skills
eb_ry18vCSo-00560-00122849-00123062 and showcase their content more than
eb_ry18vCSo-00561-00123062-00123257 and that might shine brighter than
eb_ry18vCSo-00562-00123257-00123435 their ability to speak in public.
eb_ry18vCSo-00563-00123435-00123769 You know on it on a dot or under pressure,
eb_ry18vCSo-00564-00123769-00124008 so there's a little bit of equity
eb_ry18vCSo-00565-00124008-00124183 and letting empowering the students
eb_ry18vCSo-00566-00124183-00124381 again to practice and to think
eb_ry18vCSo-00567-00124381-00124578 about what they're doing so that
eb_ry18vCSo-00568-00124578-00124734 they're not on the spot.
eb_ry18vCSo-00569-00125083-00125319 I see someone typing about the
eb_ry18vCSo-00570-00125319-00125561 choices of the options either pre
eb_ry18vCSo-00571-00125561-00125789 record or do live or whatever,
eb_ry18vCSo-00572-00125790-00126084 and I can tell you a couple of
eb_ry18vCSo-00573-00126084-00126300 my colleagues who offer those.
eb_ry18vCSo-00574-00126301-00126503 Those choices have found them and
eb_ry18vCSo-00575-00126503-00126773 found it to be pretty successful and
eb_ry18vCSo-00576-00126773-00127027 they have also found that students
eb_ry18vCSo-00577-00127027-00127318 for whom English is not their the
eb_ry18vCSo-00578-00127318-00127520 their primary language tend to
eb_ry18vCSo-00579-00127520-00127766 choose the pre record option and
eb_ry18vCSo-00580-00127766-00128036 which again is an effort toward.
eb_ry18vCSo-00581-00128036-00128116 Equity eating it?
eb_ry18vCSo-00582-00128116-00128336 Actually it's a lot like the the box
eb_ry18vCSo-00583-00128336-00128534 is saying that that the boxes graphic
eb_ry18vCSo-00584-00128534-00128739 that people were talking about earlier.
eb_ry18vCSo-00585-00128740-00129032 The boxes in the fence.
eb_ry18vCSo-00586-00129032-00129259 Great and Angela go ahead.
eb_ry18vCSo-00587-00129532-00130039 Yeah, I really like the idea of
eb_ry18vCSo-00588-00130039-00130316 flexibility with presentations and.
eb_ry18vCSo-00589-00130316-00130485 Both of the courses I've been
eb_ry18vCSo-00590-00130485-00130650 teaching this semester have involved
eb_ry18vCSo-00591-00130650-00130788 a prerecorded presentations.
eb_ry18vCSo-00592-00130789-00131092 Because, you know, we can't do it in person,
eb_ry18vCSo-00593-00131093-00131363 and they used to be all in person,
eb_ry18vCSo-00594-00131364-00131615 so one course is a seminar where students
eb_ry18vCSo-00595-00131615-00131946 have to do a 30 to 35 minute video where
eb_ry18vCSo-00596-00131946-00132140 they're presenting a research article,
eb_ry18vCSo-00597-00132141-00132310 and then the other course.
eb_ry18vCSo-00598-00132310-00132375 It's similar,
eb_ry18vCSo-00599-00132375-00132682 but it's a 12 minute so much shorter video.
eb_ry18vCSo-00600-00132682-00132884 One thing I've noticed this semester,
eb_ry18vCSo-00601-00132885-00133054 especially in the longer videos,
eb_ry18vCSo-00602-00133054-00133380 is a lot of what is very close to plagiarism
eb_ry18vCSo-00603-00133388-00133663 with some of the presentations where.
eb_ry18vCSo-00604-00133663-00133874 Presenting in a video, I would argue is
eb_ry18vCSo-00605-00133874-00134058 very different than presenting in person,
eb_ry18vCSo-00606-00134059-00134285 usually with the video you have a script,
eb_ry18vCSo-00607-00134286-00134569 or at least that's a better way to do it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00608-00134569-00134794 If you're trying to to stay on point.
eb_ry18vCSo-00609-00134795-00134937 But there's been several cases.
eb_ry18vCSo-00610-00134937-00134988 In fact,
eb_ry18vCSo-00611-00134988-00135169 one really blatant case where I had
eb_ry18vCSo-00612-00135169-00135360 to actually talk to the student,
eb_ry18vCSo-00613-00135361-00135569 but they are like lifting passages from the
eb_ry18vCSo-00614-00135569-00135785 paper and then using that because they're,
eb_ry18vCSo-00615-00135786-00135927 you know, I don't know.
eb_ry18vCSo-00616-00135927-00136039 They're worried about using
eb_ry18vCSo-00617-00136039-00136124 the right terminology,
eb_ry18vCSo-00618-00136125-00136302 and even though like with every
eb_ry18vCSo-00619-00136302-00136485 single student I've had a conversation
eb_ry18vCSo-00620-00136485-00136694 about how it's much better to just.
eb_ry18vCSo-00621-00136695-00136912 Use basic English and avoid the
eb_ry18vCSo-00622-00136912-00137058 big scientific terms because
eb_ry18vCSo-00623-00137064-00137233 that's you know it's become.
eb_ry18vCSo-00624-00137234-00137448 It's become a really a real
eb_ry18vCSo-00625-00137448-00137598 problem this semester, so.
eb_ry18vCSo-00626-00137598-00137639 Yeah,
eb_ry18vCSo-00627-00137639-00137846 I guess that's one kind
eb_ry18vCSo-00628-00137846-00138066 of going back to equity.
eb_ry18vCSo-00629-00138067-00138214 While presenting in person,
eb_ry18vCSo-00630-00138214-00138435 you could argue is more difficult,
eb_ry18vCSo-00631-00138435-00138619 and especially if you've got,
eb_ry18vCSo-00632-00138619-00138804 you know presentation anxiety which
eb_ry18vCSo-00633-00138804-00139067 many of us even that lecture all
eb_ry18vCSo-00634-00139067-00139280 the time have anxiety about it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00635-00139281-00139466 There's like some real pitfalls
eb_ry18vCSo-00636-00139466-00139722 depending on which one you choose an.
eb_ry18vCSo-00637-00139723-00139989 I wonder if anyone's had any
eb_ry18vCSo-00638-00139989-00140167 strategies to help students.
eb_ry18vCSo-00639-00140167-00140558 You know with the video format.
eb_ry18vCSo-00640-00140559-00140667 Yeah, I don't know.
eb_ry18vCSo-00641-00140667-00140830 It's in some ways it's equitable
eb_ry18vCSo-00642-00140835-00141000 because of the anxiety issue
eb_ry18vCSo-00643-00141000-00141132 and giving students options,
eb_ry18vCSo-00644-00141133-00141333 but in other ways the two different
eb_ry18vCSo-00645-00141333-00141549 formats are are very different in terms
eb_ry18vCSo-00646-00141549-00141796 of like what you're bringing to the table.
eb_ry18vCSo-00647-00141797-00142068 If I don't know if I'm making that clear,
eb_ry18vCSo-00648-00142069-00142129 but sure,
eb_ry18vCSo-00649-00142129-00142159 Angela,
eb_ry18vCSo-00650-00142159-00142340 this that's a compelling compelling example,
eb_ry18vCSo-00651-00142341-00142643 and I don't know if this will help or not,
eb_ry18vCSo-00652-00142643-00142912 but one of the things that I do is I require
eb_ry18vCSo-00653-00142912-00143185 students to also turn in their transcript.
eb_ry18vCSo-00654-00143186-00143397 I do that actually for Accessibility issues,
eb_ry18vCSo-00655-00143398-00143638 and this meant this summer when I'm teaching.
eb_ry18vCSo-00656-00143639-00143711 I mean,
eb_ry18vCSo-00657-00143711-00143893 I also make my students.
eb_ry18vCSo-00658-00143894-00144041 CAPTION Their videos because
eb_ry18vCSo-00659-00144041-00144262 it's if you have a transcript,
eb_ry18vCSo-00660-00144262-00144403 it's the next step,
eb_ry18vCSo-00661-00144403-00144615 but I'm wondering if it's the
eb_ry18vCSo-00662-00144622-00144842 accountability of those words 'cause
eb_ry18vCSo-00663-00144842-00145188 you said that you didn't see it so much
eb_ry18vCSo-00664-00145188-00145398 when they were doing it in person,
eb_ry18vCSo-00665-00145398-00145626 but they are now in their pre
eb_ry18vCSo-00666-00145626-00145846 recorded and maybe they're not doing
eb_ry18vCSo-00667-00145846-00146069 it in person because there's more
eb_ry18vCSo-00668-00146075-00146322 accountability that may be turning in.
eb_ry18vCSo-00669-00146323-00146543 The transcript might be another level
eb_ry18vCSo-00670-00146543-00146756 of accountability, but you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00671-00146756-00146989 I also think Angela vet.
eb_ry18vCSo-00672-00146990-00147279 I just feel like kind of all bets are
eb_ry18vCSo-00673-00147279-00147564 off this year in the sense of like,
eb_ry18vCSo-00674-00147565-00147835 can we really say that? But you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00675-00147835-00148072 this works better or worse than this.
eb_ry18vCSo-00676-00148072-00148306 I just feel like everyone is so fried
eb_ry18vCSo-00677-00148306-00148550 that we might be seeing more bad
eb_ry18vCSo-00678-00148550-00148771 behavior on students pack part as
eb_ry18vCSo-00679-00148771-00148983 well as instructors part this year.
eb_ry18vCSo-00680-00148984-00149153 And yeah, I'm I'm not.
eb_ry18vCSo-00681-00149153-00149449 Yeah, I don't know you get it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00682-00149450-00149676 I think that's a really good point.
eb_ry18vCSo-00683-00149677-00149870 Yeah, yeah, it's definitely a struggle,
eb_ry18vCSo-00684-00149871-00150066 but yeah, I it's just I.
eb_ry18vCSo-00685-00150066-00150291 It's interesting to think about equity Ann.
eb_ry18vCSo-00686-00150292-00150548 And when you do offer multiple I think
eb_ry18vCSo-00687-00150548-00150825 on some of the on the little thought
eb_ry18vCSo-00688-00150825-00151087 questions I put like a 5 for equity
eb_ry18vCSo-00689-00151087-00151317 even if it was given giving multiple.
eb_ry18vCSo-00690-00151317-00151605 Means or modes of, you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00691-00151605-00151719 demonstrating knowledge because
eb_ry18vCSo-00692-00151719-00151959 depending on how you set that up,
eb_ry18vCSo-00693-00151960-00152283 so some means or modes might be.
eb_ry18vCSo-00694-00152284-00152473 Different in terms of what skills they
eb_ry18vCSo-00695-00152473-00152696 require and so that you know I don't know.
eb_ry18vCSo-00696-00152697-00152826 It's very complicated, but yeah,
eb_ry18vCSo-00697-00152826-00152955 definitely video versus in person.
eb_ry18vCSo-00698-00152955-00153161 I'm thinking about for the fall as we
eb_ry18vCSo-00699-00153161-00153342 go back, but how to structure that?
eb_ry18vCSo-00700-00153342-00153521 So the instructions are clear for both.
eb_ry18vCSo-00701-00153522-00153573 Yeah groups.
eb_ry18vCSo-00702-00153573-00153702 Well and there are some.
eb_ry18vCSo-00703-00153703-00153914 You know I said I do video ones and
eb_ry18vCSo-00704-00153914-00154122 there are some students who think I'd
eb_ry18vCSo-00705-00154122-00154321 much rather just get up and do it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00706-00154322-00154502 I don't want to have to record.
eb_ry18vCSo-00707-00154503-00154657 I don't want to have to.
eb_ry18vCSo-00708-00154658-00154837 I don't want to hear my voice.
eb_ry18vCSo-00709-00154838-00154967 I mean, I'm that way.
eb_ry18vCSo-00710-00154967-00155121 Who wants to hear their voice?
eb_ry18vCSo-00711-00155122-00155173 You know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00712-00155173-00155327 like if you're giving a presentation,
eb_ry18vCSo-00713-00155328-00155457 you rarely hear your voice.
eb_ry18vCSo-00714-00155457-00155617 Who wants to hear your voice?
eb_ry18vCSo-00715-00155618-00155789 So I think that there's
eb_ry18vCSo-00716-00155789-00155960 probably ways on both sides,
eb_ry18vCSo-00717-00155960-00156198 but I do think for the accountability.
eb_ry18vCSo-00718-00156199-00156479 I don't know if it the the I don't know
eb_ry18vCSo-00719-00156486-00156780 if the putting the transcript would help,
eb_ry18vCSo-00720-00156781-00157006 but at least it would say you know
eb_ry18vCSo-00721-00157006-00157228 you have documented that these are
eb_ry18vCSo-00722-00157228-00157464 your own words in this transcript,
eb_ry18vCSo-00723-00157465-00157670 even though they did document it
eb_ry18vCSo-00724-00157670-00157949 in their video too. So who knows.
eb_ry18vCSo-00725-00157949-00158321 Can I see your hands up, oh God.
eb_ry18vCSo-00726-00158620-00158776 Am I unmuted now?
eb_ry18vCSo-00727-00158776-00159051 Oh yeah, here you go ahead. OK,
eb_ry18vCSo-00728-00159051-00159443 I just you know I had a couple of thoughts.
eb_ry18vCSo-00729-00159443-00159678 Well of course with Angela talking
eb_ry18vCSo-00730-00159678-00159952 about the Journal Club, but in general,
eb_ry18vCSo-00731-00159952-00160187 just when you're talking about assignments,
eb_ry18vCSo-00732-00160188-00160305 an equity, inflexibility,
eb_ry18vCSo-00733-00160305-00160540 modes of learning, I think are
eb_ry18vCSo-00734-00160540-00160815 something that need to be considered an,
eb_ry18vCSo-00735-00160815-00161050 you know, I teach lab based
eb_ry18vCSo-00736-00161050-00161207 courses for graduate students.
eb_ry18vCSo-00737-00161207-00161457 I also teach.
eb_ry18vCSo-00738-00161458-00161702 Non lab based courses and I also
eb_ry18vCSo-00739-00161702-00161932 teach courses for younger students,
eb_ry18vCSo-00740-00161933-00162046 but you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00741-00162046-00162312 each group brings its own challenge related
eb_ry18vCSo-00742-00162319-00162605 to what's happening overall in their lives,
eb_ry18vCSo-00743-00162606-00162759 and so you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00744-00162759-00163033 I presume that you're going to test
eb_ry18vCSo-00745-00163033-00163349 in the mode that you want to know what
eb_ry18vCSo-00746-00163358-00163635 the skills are being developed in,
eb_ry18vCSo-00747-00163636-00164032 so if it's a lab based course of
eb_ry18vCSo-00748-00164032-00164287 presentation isn't really a great.
eb_ry18vCSo-00749-00164288-00164357 Choice right?
eb_ry18vCSo-00750-00164357-00164564 You wanna have them demonstrate something,
eb_ry18vCSo-00751-00164564-00164737 but maybe given our remoteness,
eb_ry18vCSo-00752-00164737-00164909 I've packed up lab kits.
eb_ry18vCSo-00753-00164909-00165154 Ann had students complete labs on their
eb_ry18vCSo-00754-00165154-00165460 own and then they're doing a lab write up,
eb_ry18vCSo-00755-00165461-00165599 or they're attending a
eb_ry18vCSo-00756-00165599-00165806 lecture and then doing a lab.
eb_ry18vCSo-00757-00165806-00165981 And maybe they could instead
eb_ry18vCSo-00758-00165981-00166186 of doing a lab write up,
eb_ry18vCSo-00759-00166186-00166426 they could do a little video of,
eb_ry18vCSo-00760-00166427-00166490 you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00761-00166490-00166679 sort of their skills and their
eb_ry18vCSo-00762-00166679-00166840 results and their analysis.
eb_ry18vCSo-00763-00166841-00166975 And so I mean,
eb_ry18vCSo-00764-00166975-00167177 I think you know the flexibility
eb_ry18vCSo-00765-00167184-00167427 to choose what works best for you,
eb_ry18vCSo-00766-00167428-00167484 provided it's.
eb_ry18vCSo-00767-00167484-00167711 Testing in the mode that you want the
eb_ry18vCSo-00768-00167716-00167939 skills demonstrated and seems reasonable,
eb_ry18vCSo-00769-00167940-00168226 and as far as.
eb_ry18vCSo-00770-00168226-00168299 You know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00771-00168299-00168518 sort of the Journal Club and
eb_ry18vCSo-00772-00168518-00168670 challenges related to plagiarism
eb_ry18vCSo-00773-00168670-00168926 and using words that you know that
eb_ry18vCSo-00774-00168926-00169135 students don't know what they mean.
eb_ry18vCSo-00775-00169136-00169318 You know it's also possible
eb_ry18vCSo-00776-00169318-00169500 to do something you know.
eb_ry18vCSo-00777-00169500-00169826 In the past I've done is just
eb_ry18vCSo-00778-00169826-00170178 sort of have a one to two page.
eb_ry18vCSo-00779-00170179-00170439 Synopsis right so students
eb_ry18vCSo-00780-00170439-00170700 summarize what the article?
eb_ry18vCSo-00781-00170701-00170988 Is about an then also applications so
eb_ry18vCSo-00782-00170988-00171235 not only like. Here's the technology.
eb_ry18vCSo-00783-00171235-00171440 Here's what the researchers did,
eb_ry18vCSo-00784-00171441-00171646 and here's what they found.
eb_ry18vCSo-00785-00171646-00171879 But here are some ways that we
eb_ry18vCSo-00786-00171879-00172083 talked about this semester related
eb_ry18vCSo-00787-00172083-00172323 to other techniques and technologies
eb_ry18vCSo-00788-00172323-00172551 that this could be applied.
eb_ry18vCSo-00789-00172551-00172901 So it's sort of this transfer of
eb_ry18vCSo-00790-00172901-00173150 knowledge into another area that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00791-00173151-00173332 Proves that they know what
eb_ry18vCSo-00792-00173332-00173477 they're talking about, right?
eb_ry18vCSo-00793-00173477-00173722 So it's sort of like, you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00794-00173722-00173978 if you can figure out how else a
eb_ry18vCSo-00795-00173986-00174275 technology or a technique can be used,
eb_ry18vCSo-00796-00174276-00174543 then you have moved into a new level
eb_ry18vCSo-00797-00174543-00174723 of understanding that is demonstrated
eb_ry18vCSo-00798-00174723-00174934 without having to get too deep
eb_ry18vCSo-00799-00174934-00175147 into details and recording over.
eb_ry18vCSo-00800-00175148-00175182 Or,
eb_ry18vCSo-00801-00175182-00175252 you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00802-00175252-00175427 saying words that maybe you
eb_ry18vCSo-00803-00175427-00175583 know or don't know.
eb_ry18vCSo-00804-00175583-00175829 Or maybe you know part way and you're
eb_ry18vCSo-00805-00175829-00176054 just starting to synthesize information.
eb_ry18vCSo-00806-00176055-00176236 And so I mean.
eb_ry18vCSo-00807-00176236-00176417 That level of understanding,
eb_ry18vCSo-00808-00176418-00176586 I would not expect undergraduates
eb_ry18vCSo-00809-00176586-00176790 to achieve some of them will,
eb_ry18vCSo-00810-00176790-00176992 but most of them will not,
eb_ry18vCSo-00811-00176993-00177214 and so you know those are just
eb_ry18vCSo-00812-00177214-00177420 some ideas and things that came
eb_ry18vCSo-00813-00177420-00177661 to mind and I'll leave the floor
eb_ry18vCSo-00814-00177669-00177905 now 'cause I feel like I'm just
eb_ry18vCSo-00815-00177905-00178188 just talking and talking.
eb_ry18vCSo-00816-00178188-00178312 It amplifies what we've
eb_ry18vCSo-00817-00178312-00178499 seen in chat before is what
eb_ry18vCSo-00818-00178505-00178738 are your learning objectives and then.
eb_ry18vCSo-00819-00178738-00178945 What are the different ways that they
eb_ry18vCSo-00820-00178945-00179182 can be achieved and you as an instructor?
eb_ry18vCSo-00821-00179182-00179326 We as instructors don't have
eb_ry18vCSo-00822-00179326-00179508 to come up with the plan.
eb_ry18vCSo-00823-00179508-00179656 You know, step by step.
eb_ry18vCSo-00824-00179656-00179892 Recipe on the best way to do that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00825-00179892-00180070 We can just say hey, student.
eb_ry18vCSo-00826-00180070-00180255 Demonstrate that you have some level
eb_ry18vCSo-00827-00180255-00180468 of mastery in these things you know.
eb_ry18vCSo-00828-00180469-00180594 Put that those learning objectives
eb_ry18vCSo-00829-00180594-00180768 in the rubric, and then let them
eb_ry18vCSo-00830-00180768-00180946 let them do that on their own.
eb_ry18vCSo-00831-00180946-00181146 Come up with that on their own bill.
eb_ry18vCSo-00832-00181147-00181322 I see you've got your hand up.
eb_ry18vCSo-00833-00181323-00181573 Thank you. Go ahead.
eb_ry18vCSo-00834-00181574-00181841 Yeah, you kind of went the
eb_ry18vCSo-00835-00181841-00182086 same direction I was going,
eb_ry18vCSo-00836-00182086-00182318 'cause sometimes I don't know.
eb_ry18vCSo-00837-00182318-00182597 I feel looking at the over,
eb_ry18vCSo-00838-00182597-00182783 you know instructors evaluations
eb_ry18vCSo-00839-00182783-00183049 and you know, even mine too.
eb_ry18vCSo-00840-00183049-00183343 Earlier in my career it was more
eb_ry18vCSo-00841-00183351-00183619 about the format of something.
eb_ry18vCSo-00842-00183620-00183743 It's like OK,
eb_ry18vCSo-00843-00183743-00184132 did this person do correct a PA citations,
eb_ry18vCSo-00844-00184132-00184492 you know, and six sources and.
eb_ry18vCSo-00845-00184492-00184770 Search inside instead of the actual content.
eb_ry18vCSo-00846-00184771-00184882 As you said,
eb_ry18vCSo-00847-00184882-00185141 the learning objectives and as far as
eb_ry18vCSo-00848-00185149-00185422 the videos that go one of the things
eb_ry18vCSo-00849-00185422-00185731 that I've found beneficial is to give
eb_ry18vCSo-00850-00185731-00185964 students like lower stake practice.
eb_ry18vCSo-00851-00185965-00186047 You know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00852-00186047-00186336 type assessments you know in the same
eb_ry18vCSo-00853-00186336-00186600 format as their finals going to be.
eb_ry18vCSo-00854-00186814-00186965 Yeah, as practice excellent.
eb_ry18vCSo-00855-00186965-00187305 I want to make sure that we get Daniels
eb_ry18vCSo-00856-00187305-00187550 question in here about the lack of
eb_ry18vCSo-00857-00187557-00187850 flexibility and and course inequity here,
eb_ry18vCSo-00858-00187851-00188028 and this example of the
eb_ry18vCSo-00859-00188028-00188206 students with jobs or children.
eb_ry18vCSo-00860-00188206-00188455 In some ways, I feel like we
eb_ry18vCSo-00861-00188455-00188702 did talk about it a little bit.
eb_ry18vCSo-00862-00188703-00188881 You mentioned my dogs, Martin,
eb_ry18vCSo-00863-00188881-00189039 your mother with lupus,
eb_ry18vCSo-00864-00189039-00189277 and like those sorts of situations
eb_ry18vCSo-00865-00189284-00189448 I just want to check in.
eb_ry18vCSo-00866-00189449-00189711 Are there other thoughts that people
eb_ry18vCSo-00867-00189711-00190004 have about that due to this point?
eb_ry18vCSo-00868-00190005-00190103 And you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00869-00190103-00190299 I'll respond to that to that
eb_ry18vCSo-00870-00190299-00190531 when I initially said that they
eb_ry18vCSo-00871-00190531-00190722 tend to be competing forces,
eb_ry18vCSo-00872-00190723-00190937 they don't always have to be.
eb_ry18vCSo-00873-00190938-00191164 You can have an inflexible course
eb_ry18vCSo-00874-00191164-00191368 that is also inequitable and so,
eb_ry18vCSo-00875-00191369-00191549 and you can have a,
eb_ry18vCSo-00876-00191549-00191707 you know they're all different
eb_ry18vCSo-00877-00191707-00191907 flavors and but so I'm sorry
eb_ry18vCSo-00878-00191907-00192122 if I misspoke and saying that
eb_ry18vCSo-00879-00192122-00192278 they're always competing forces
eb_ry18vCSo-00880-00192278-00192445 because they clearly aren't,
eb_ry18vCSo-00881-00192446-00192726 you can definitely have an inflexible
eb_ry18vCSo-00882-00192726-00192914 course that's also inequitable
eb_ry18vCSo-00883-00192921-00193127 on its inequitable because of
eb_ry18vCSo-00884-00193127-00193292 the lack of flexibility.
eb_ry18vCSo-00885-00193293-00193323 Angela,
eb_ry18vCSo-00886-00193323-00193383 go ahead.
eb_ry18vCSo-00887-00193598-00193853 Yeah, yeah, I think it's a really good
eb_ry18vCSo-00888-00193853-00194112 point that when there's not flexibility,
eb_ry18vCSo-00889-00194113-00194271 you're automatically, you know.
eb_ry18vCSo-00890-00194271-00194468 You're automatically like excluding people,
eb_ry18vCSo-00891-00194469-00194686 and I think I think it was maybe Amy
eb_ry18vCSo-00892-00194686-00194892 or somebody I was going back and
eb_ry18vCSo-00893-00194892-00195114 forth with in the chat awhile ago.
eb_ry18vCSo-00894-00195115-00195283 We're talking about how having that
eb_ry18vCSo-00895-00195283-00195421 flexibility, especially around assignments,
eb_ry18vCSo-00896-00195421-00195677 is really modeling real life because it's
eb_ry18vCSo-00897-00195682-00195896 very rare that you're going to have a job
eb_ry18vCSo-00898-00195896-00196097 where you can't go to your boss and say,
eb_ry18vCSo-00899-00196098-00196294 hey, I know I've got this deadline,
eb_ry18vCSo-00900-00196295-00196413 but things are happening.
eb_ry18vCSo-00901-00196413-00196645 I need another couple of days like most
eb_ry18vCSo-00902-00196645-00196857 of the time, that's going to be OK,
eb_ry18vCSo-00903-00196857-00197109 and there are times when that's not going to.
eb_ry18vCSo-00904-00197110-00197293 You know, if you're a surgeon
eb_ry18vCSo-00905-00197293-00197472 and you're having a bad day.
eb_ry18vCSo-00906-00197473-00197593 That's really not going to fly.
eb_ry18vCSo-00907-00197593-00197733 You know that there has to be
eb_ry18vCSo-00908-00197733-00197868 a backup surgeon, but like.
eb_ry18vCSo-00909-00197868-00198041 We have to, you know,
eb_ry18vCSo-00910-00198041-00198193 model reality and there's those
eb_ry18vCSo-00911-00198193-00198285 hidden learning objectives.
eb_ry18vCSo-00912-00198285-00198508 I like to think of those as my
eb_ry18vCSo-00913-00198508-00198679 hidden learning objectives of yes.
eb_ry18vCSo-00914-00198680-00198770 Extensions are OK.
eb_ry18vCSo-00915-00198770-00199015 No, you don't have to tell me why.
eb_ry18vCSo-00916-00199015-00199227 If it's beyond a certain time frame,
eb_ry18vCSo-00917-00199228-00199380 yeah, let's have a conversation.
eb_ry18vCSo-00918-00199380-00199534 But really making students realize
eb_ry18vCSo-00919-00199534-00199714 that you know because there are.
eb_ry18vCSo-00920-00199714-00199926 I think I think Martin was alluding
eb_ry18vCSo-00921-00199926-00200018 to this earlier.
eb_ry18vCSo-00922-00200018-00200211 There are students I attended upper class
eb_ry18vCSo-00923-00200211-00200397 or they've got privileges earlier in
eb_ry18vCSo-00924-00200397-00200625 life where they learned that lesson already.
eb_ry18vCSo-00925-00200626-00200747 They've learned that they
eb_ry18vCSo-00926-00200747-00200899 can ask in the worst,
eb_ry18vCSo-00927-00200900-00201081 someone's going to say is no,
eb_ry18vCSo-00928-00201082-00201340 but there are students who don't know that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00929-00201341-00201527 So I guess to that point.
eb_ry18vCSo-00930-00201527-00201742 I I was trying to get to a point in
eb_ry18vCSo-00931-00201749-00201977 there which is I try especially early
eb_ry18vCSo-00932-00201977-00202186 in the semester to actually like.
eb_ry18vCSo-00933-00202187-00202387 Put that out there in an announcement
eb_ry18vCSo-00934-00202387-00202474 like Hey reminder,
eb_ry18vCSo-00935-00202474-00202645 your first lab reports do today,
eb_ry18vCSo-00936-00202646-00202819 but if anything is happening and
eb_ry18vCSo-00937-00202819-00202990 you need that extra 24 hours,
eb_ry18vCSo-00938-00202991-00203134 shoot me a quick email.
eb_ry18vCSo-00939-00203134-00203346 So that way not only is it listed
eb_ry18vCSo-00940-00203346-00203450 and it's places,
eb_ry18vCSo-00941-00203450-00203580 but you're really like encouraging
eb_ry18vCSo-00942-00203580-00203749 and like that video that someone
eb_ry18vCSo-00943-00203749-00203851 was describing earlier.
eb_ry18vCSo-00944-00203852-00204101 Sounded great to just really like put
eb_ry18vCSo-00945-00204101-00204382 it out there that this is OK and then
eb_ry18vCSo-00946-00204382-00204700 create it as a normal thing in your course.
eb_ry18vCSo-00947-00204701-00204733 Alright,
eb_ry18vCSo-00948-00204733-00204962 I would like to point out that
eb_ry18vCSo-00949-00204962-00205202 it is 2:00 o'clock and you're all
eb_ry18vCSo-00950-00205202-00205492 free to go for the end if you like.
eb_ry18vCSo-00951-00205492-00205691 I'm going to continue to stay on
eb_ry18vCSo-00952-00205691-00205934 for a few more minutes and continue
eb_ry18vCSo-00953-00205934-00206086 talking to you all.
eb_ry18vCSo-00954-00206087-00206252 Whoever wants to stay on,
eb_ry18vCSo-00955-00206252-00206548 but I want to be respectful of your time,
eb_ry18vCSo-00956-00206548-00206677 so thank you Martin,
eb_ry18vCSo-00957-00206677-00206837 especially for helping me put
eb_ry18vCSo-00958-00206837-00207042 this together and for always being
eb_ry18vCSo-00959-00207042-00207208 a resource for me everyone,
eb_ry18vCSo-00960-00207209-00207407 I thought this was really I.
eb_ry18vCSo-00961-00207407-00207623 I learned so much and I heard from
eb_ry18vCSo-00962-00207623-00207865 so many different perspectives that.
eb_ry18vCSo-00963-00207866-00208123 This made my day absolutely made my day,
eb_ry18vCSo-00964-00208123-00208381 so thank you. Alright.
eb_ry18vCSo-00965-00208381-00208456 And again,
eb_ry18vCSo-00966-00208456-00208800 I invite you to turn on your mikes and
eb_ry18vCSo-00967-00208800-00209125 videos if you'd like to and just jump in.
eb_ry18vCSo-00968-00209125-00209286 Have a conversation with me
eb_ry18vCSo-00969-00209286-00209448 alot of the formality of
eb_ry18vCSo-00970-00209455-00209600 the lab, what little there
eb_ry18vCSo-00971-00209600-00209790 is is off the table now,
eb_ry18vCSo-00972-00209791-00210164 so feel free to jump in and say hi.
eb_ry18vCSo-00973-00210165-00210338 And thanks again for everybody for joining.
eb_ry18vCSo-00974-00210692-00210984 John, I'm gonna go join my other task
eb_ry18vCSo-00975-00210984-00211344 of mosquito repelling. Good luck.
eb_ry18vCSo-00976-00211344-00211630 I wanna point out Martin on that topic.
eb_ry18vCSo-00977-00211631-00211881 There's a thing that we have not
eb_ry18vCSo-00978-00211881-00212096 hooked up yet, but we bought.
eb_ry18vCSo-00979-00212096-00212383 We spent a lot of money on it.
eb_ry18vCSo-00980-00212383-00212539 It's the Biogen's system.
eb_ry18vCSo-00981-00212539-00212735 It uses CO2 cartridges and
eb_ry18vCSo-00982-00212735-00212848 electricity to do this.
eb_ry18vCSo-00983-00212848-00213038 I've got a friend who swears
eb_ry18vCSo-00984-00213038-00213292 by it and he says it's it's
eb_ry18vCSo-00985-00213292-00213529 amazing we bought it last year,
eb_ry18vCSo-00986-00213529-00213825 but we haven't looked it up yet because
eb_ry18vCSo-00987-00213825-00214065 we bought a late in the season.
eb_ry18vCSo-00988-00214066-00214350 Is it a large space or large
eb_ry18vCSo-00989-00214350-00214540 space or small space?
eb_ry18vCSo-00990-00214540-00214724 Something you do on your deck or
eb_ry18vCSo-00991-00214724-00214926 something that you do for your whole yard.
eb_ry18vCSo-00992-00214927-00215306 It would be it's. It's for like an acre.
eb_ry18vCSo-00993-00215307-00215567 I think we had three acres so,
eb_ry18vCSo-00994-00215567-00215755 but I would go there.
eb_ry18vCSo-00995-00215755-00215941 I would absolutely go there.
eb_ry18vCSo-00996-00215941-00216164 I mean, right? Yeah, it's it's.
eb_ry18vCSo-00997-00216165-00216388 It's Biogen's is the is the
eb_ry18vCSo-00998-00216388-00216612 I've written it down. Thank you.
eb_ry18vCSo-00999-00216612-00216876 This is great. Take care bye bye.
eg3uPz9U0z4-00000-00000062-00000112 hola gente de yuotube  hoy les canto un cover despacito
eg6Jf_I55pA-00000-00000215-00000599 Welcome to the training video for Project Concert.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00001-00000599-00001074 This video is going to focus on how to enter your clinical hours.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00002-00001074-00001948 The first thing to do is to bookmark the location for login.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00003-00001948-00002552 https://secure.projectconcert.com/mwsu/login.aspx
eg6Jf_I55pA-00004-00002552-00003058 Please bookmark this page so that you can
eg6Jf_I55pA-00005-00003058-00003279 get to it quickly.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00006-00003279-00003584 Once you're here you'll need to enter your username and your password.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00007-00003584-00004242 They should have been provided to you before your first log in attempt so enter your username
eg6Jf_I55pA-00008-00004242-00004777 and then provide the appropriate password, and click log in.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00009-00004777-00005179 Once you've logged in, You will be at the welcome page for students.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00010-00005179-00005841 In order to answer hours, you will click “Experience”; the second menu item on the left.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00011-00005841-00006680 The default location for Experience Item is a “New Experience”; a new hour entry.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00012-00006680-00007328 You can from this screen either enter your FNP clinical hours, your FNP Journal, your
eg6Jf_I55pA-00013-00007328-00007628 Psych clinical hours, or you Psych journal.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00014-00007628-00008241 For the purposes of this video we will focus on entering clinical hours.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00015-00008241-00008716 Choose the date that you completed the hours and then the start time.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00016-00008716-00009006 Let's say this one is Eight o'clock AM.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00017-00009006-00009525 The ending date is the same, and you clocked out at noon.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00018-00009525-00009841 The next drop down to pay attention to is labeled “Supervisor.”
eg6Jf_I55pA-00019-00009841-00010427 Now this is something we're working to update because this particular label refers to your
eg6Jf_I55pA-00020-00010427-00010527 preceptor.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00021-00010527-00010929 So, on the drop-down choose the appropriate preceptor.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00022-00010929-00011320 For this example I'm going to choose Kristina Halberg.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00023-00011320-00011683 I realize she's faculty but she is also a preceptor.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00024-00011683-00012136 We're going to choose her for this exercise.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00025-00012136-00012472 So we don't confuse your real preceptors.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00026-00012472-00013061 Then you will choose your course which is NURS 5184 Advanced Practicum I Clinical.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00027-00013061-00013363 You and then you choose your clinical site.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00028-00013363-00013731 The Mustangs projects to clinical sites are available.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00029-00013731-00014294 The first is north central Texas community health center and the second is United regional
eg6Jf_I55pA-00030-00014294-00014484 physicians group.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00031-00014484-00014691 Choose the appropriate place.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00032-00014691-00014800 Appropriate site.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00033-00014800-00015334 And you can click either “Save & Edit” to make changes or to review the work you've
eg6Jf_I55pA-00034-00015334-00015434 done.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00035-00015434-00015922 or you can click “Save & New” to give you a new form to enter additional hours.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00036-00015922-00016316 Either way you must click one of these buttons.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00037-00016316-00016553 I'm gonna click “Save & Edit”.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00038-00016553-00017039 As you can see all the information is still there this is a record that has now been sent
eg6Jf_I55pA-00039-00017039-00017875 to Preceptor Kristina Halberg and is available for review, approval or rejection.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00040-00017875-00018085 Once you've completed entering your hours.
eg6Jf_I55pA-00041-00018085-00018209 You can log out.
eiVUuek2LIo-00000-00000061-00000569 We'll continue our definition of data science by looking at the roles that are involved
eiVUuek2LIo-00001-00000569-00000669 in data science.
eiVUuek2LIo-00002-00000669-00000990 The way that different people can contribute to it.
eiVUuek2LIo-00003-00000990-00001382 That's because it tends to be a collaborative thing, and it's nice to be able to say that
eiVUuek2LIo-00004-00001382-00001648 we are all together, working together towards a single goal.
eiVUuek2LIo-00005-00001648-00002085 So, let’s talk about some of the roles involved in data science and how they contribute to
eiVUuek2LIo-00006-00002085-00002185 the projects.
eiVUuek2LIo-00007-00002185-00002528 First off, let's take a look at engineers.
eiVUuek2LIo-00008-00002528-00002779 These are people who focus on the back end hardware.
eiVUuek2LIo-00009-00002779-00003229 For instance, the servers and the software that runs them.
eiVUuek2LIo-00010-00003229-00003749 This is what makes data science possible, and it includes people like developers, software
eiVUuek2LIo-00011-00003749-00004059 developers, or database administrators.
eiVUuek2LIo-00012-00004059-00004481 And they provide the foundation for the rest of the work.
eiVUuek2LIo-00013-00004481-00004925 Next, you can also have people who are Big Data specialists.
eiVUuek2LIo-00014-00004925-00005551 These are people who focus on computer science and mathematics, and they may do machine learning
eiVUuek2LIo-00015-00005551-00005988 algorithms as a way of processing very large amounts of data.
eiVUuek2LIo-00016-00005988-00006253 And they often create what are called data products.
eiVUuek2LIo-00017-00006253-00006715 So, a thing that tells you what restaurant to go to, or that says, “you might know
eiVUuek2LIo-00018-00006715-00007034 these friends,” or provides ways of linking up photos.
eiVUuek2LIo-00019-00007034-00007554 Those are data products, and those often involve a huge amount of very technical work behind
eiVUuek2LIo-00020-00007554-00007654 them.
eiVUuek2LIo-00021-00007654-00008307 There are also researchers; these are people who focus on domain-specific research.
eiVUuek2LIo-00022-00008307-00008628 So, for instance, physics, or genetics, or whatever.
eiVUuek2LIo-00023-00008628-00009227 And these people tend to have very strong statistics, and they can use some of the procedures
eiVUuek2LIo-00024-00009227-00009710 and some of the data that comes from the other people like the big data researchers, but
eiVUuek2LIo-00025-00009710-00010047 they focus on the specific questions.
eiVUuek2LIo-00026-00010047-00010409 Also in the data science realm, you will find analysts.
eiVUuek2LIo-00027-00010409-00010795 These are people who focus on the day-to-day tasks of running a business.
eiVUuek2LIo-00028-00010795-00011172 So for instance, they might do web analytics (like Google analytics), or they might pull
eiVUuek2LIo-00029-00011172-00011553 data from a SQL database.
eiVUuek2LIo-00030-00011553-00012042 And this information is very important and good for business.
eiVUuek2LIo-00031-00012042-00012565 So, analysts are key to the day-to-day function of business, but they may not be, exactly
eiVUuek2LIo-00032-00012565-00013113 be Data Science proper, because most of the data they are working with is going to be
eiVUuek2LIo-00033-00013113-00013240 pretty structured.
eiVUuek2LIo-00034-00013240-00013647 Nevertheless, they play a critical role in business in general.
eiVUuek2LIo-00035-00013647-00013840 And then, speaking of business.
eiVUuek2LIo-00036-00013840-00014447 You have the actual business people; the men and women who organize and run businesses.
eiVUuek2LIo-00037-00014447-00015006 These people need to be able to frame business-relevant questions that can be answered with the data.
eiVUuek2LIo-00038-00015006-00015656 Also, the business person manages the project and the efforts and the resources of others.
eiVUuek2LIo-00039-00015656-00016181 And while they may not actually be doing the coding, they must speak data; they must know
eiVUuek2LIo-00040-00016181-00016723 how the data works, what it can answer, and how to implement it.
eiVUuek2LIo-00041-00016723-00016930 You can also have entrepreneurs.
eiVUuek2LIo-00042-00016930-00017443 So, you might have a data startup; they are starting their own little social network,
eiVUuek2LIo-00043-00017443-00017784 their own little web search platform.
eiVUuek2LIo-00044-00017784-00018101 An entrepreneur needs data and business skills.
eiVUuek2LIo-00045-00018101-00018501 And truthfully, they have to be creative at every step along the way.
eiVUuek2LIo-00046-00018501-00019095 Usually because they are doing it all themselves at a smaller scale.
eiVUuek2LIo-00047-00019095-00019534 Then we have in data science something known as “the full stack unicorn.”
eiVUuek2LIo-00048-00019534-00019888 And this is a person who can do everything at an expert level.
eiVUuek2LIo-00049-00019888-00020191 They are called a unicorn because truthfully, they may not actually exist.
eiVUuek2LIo-00050-00020191-00020412 I will have more to say about that later.
eiVUuek2LIo-00051-00020412-00021017 But for right now, we can sum up what we got out of this video by three things.
eiVUuek2LIo-00052-00021017-00021283 Number one, data science is diverse.
eiVUuek2LIo-00053-00021283-00021723 There's a lot of different people who go into it, and they have different goals for their
eiVUuek2LIo-00054-00021723-00022208 work, and they bring in different skills and different experiences and different approaches.
eiVUuek2LIo-00055-00022208-00022576 Also, they tend to work in very different contexts.
eiVUuek2LIo-00056-00022576-00022931 An entrepreneur works in a very different place from a business manager, who works in
eiVUuek2LIo-00057-00022931-00023155 a very different place from an academic researcher.
eiVUuek2LIo-00058-00023155-00023798 But, all of them are connected in some way to data science and make it a richer field.
ej34OpdTwQ0-00000-00000008-00000640 after staying on the youtube route for a bit too long, i also noticed safari had officially
ej34OpdTwQ0-00001-00000640-00001408 reloaded itself, and it went to normal as usual, except that nash daily had made a new video,
ej34OpdTwQ0-00002-00001464-00002056 which i had checked out, and they nearly had the first animation for several hours.
ej34OpdTwQ0-00003-00002056-00002696 they had completely stopped before that, because it just wasn't really that great
ej34OpdTwQ0-00004-00002760-00003720 handling them, and they've officially come back as usual. i also know something's weird with
ej34OpdTwQ0-00005-00003784-00004440 the youtube pages. they sometimes can reload themselves for no reason.
ej34OpdTwQ0-00006-00004640-00005352 yes, it's happened before, but here, it seems to happen normally, if there's an issue with it.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00000-00000025-00000318 Paul: UnoDeuce multimedia is 21 years old now.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00001-00000324-00000813 So let's take a little step back to see what happened over this past year.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00002-00000959-00001470 Hey everybody.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00003-00001479-00001759 I'm Paul Schmidt, the owner and creative video strategist for UnoDeuce
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00004-00001761-00002256 multimedia, and I cannot believe that we're celebrating our 21st year.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00005-00002265-00002736 So let's just take a look back at some of the things that have happened over
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00006-00002736-00003105 the past 12 months and where we are now.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00007-00003147-00003321 First thing is we moved.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00008-00003351-00003561 We are no longer north of Lansing.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00009-00003564-00003852 Now we are in downtown Lansing at this point in time and our
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00010-00003852-00004251 studio space is located in the downtown Lansing Inc offices.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00011-00004251-00004626 So anytime we ask for a green screen shoot, that's where we go.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00012-00004626-00004978 So we worked out a collaboration with them to be able to make that happen.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00013-00005008-00005482 This is probably not a permanent situation going forward, but at the present time
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00014-00005494-00005740 we're enjoying our time being in downtown.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00015-00005776-00006196 The next thing is we brought on a new teammate, Kat Mendez.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00016-00006199-00006358 She started as a part-time...
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00017-00006415-00006724 Actually going back, she started as an intern here.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00018-00006727-00007231 Another LCC student that interned here at UnoDeuce multimedia, and then
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00019-00007231-00007411 she moved into a part-time position.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00020-00007489-00007705 And then now she's at full-time.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00021-00007705-00008106 So she's really taking over a lot of the social video aspects.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00022-00008127-00008481 A lot of the marketing videos that we do here at UnoDeuce multimedia.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00023-00008481-00008745 So look for her, enjoy her work.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00024-00008760-00009150 Looking forward to seeing what else she can put her creative mind to.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00025-00009219-00009744 And lastly, we started two new internal marketing pieces.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00026-00009765-00010104 Last year, we started a podcast series called mission control.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00027-00010116-00010709 We continued that for season two in 2022 as well as we started our
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00028-00010709-00011234 own, kind of like, media club is what the title of the video is.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00029-00011234-00011721 It's a live stream that us at UnoDeuce like to talk about what
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00030-00011721-00012066 we're working on, what are the things that have our attention out
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00031-00012066-00012272 in the media and all that stuff.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00032-00012272-00012488 So that's something that's been going on.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00033-00012488-00012815 We started that in the spring and we're gonna be bringing that back into the fall.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00034-00012815-00012996 So stay tuned for that.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00035-00013029-00013410 If you're enjoying all the changes you're hearing about with UnoDeuce multimedia,
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00036-00013410-00013590 gimme a big thumbs up on this video.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00037-00013632-00014019 So it's been an amazing year of 2022 so far.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00038-00014019-00014128 So what's coming up?
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00039-00014130-00014319 First of all, we're gonna start a TikTok channel.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00040-00014324-00014675 Next we're gonna do more with our reels because I don't think that we've been
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00041-00014675-00014927 using that as well as we could have.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00042-00014945-00015359 And I'm taking a proactive approach by attending more conferences.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00043-00015374-00015686 And also there's gonna be some expert connection and Lansing marketing
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00044-00015686-00015998 hacker aspects that we're gonna be joining into in the coming year.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00045-00015998-00016256 So watch for all that stuff.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00046-00016277-00016673 I'm telling you, going into 2023 it's gonna be awesome.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00047-00016679-00016991 I can't wait to reveal all that stuff for you.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00048-00017003-00017285 So if you want to keep up to date with everything that I just
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00049-00017285-00017480 talked about and going forward.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00050-00017602-00017689 You know what to do.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00051-00017701-00018154 Subscribe to this channel, follow us on our website and our blog, or
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00052-00018154-00018325 subscribe to our email newsletter.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00053-00018349-00018772 All those things will make sure that you keep in touch with what we are doing.
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00054-00018790-00019066 And remember, look to us to be your storyteller, 'cause we're always
foQzFvQ0Yz4-00055-00019066-00019234 looking for the next story to tell.
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00000-00000360-00000850 That's where we're gonna be. We're gonna be spending the night up there at the Grand Hotel
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00001-00002810-00003192 This is the road going up to the Grand Hotel
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00002-00003242-00003764 You have arrived at your destination on the left.
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00003-00003879-00004029 There it is
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00004-00004620-00005212 The Grand Hotel sits high up on Cleopatra Hill. It used to be a hospital.
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00005-00005212-00005748 They said that about 9,000 people died here when it was a hospital pretty interesting.
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00006-00005884-00006338 we have lucky room number 11 that we're staying in.
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00007-00006820-00008038 Should be, right up, point to it. Right up there I'm pretty excited about
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00008-00008039-00008374 this in just a minute we're gonna take you inside the hotel and show you around
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00009-00008374-00009064 as you enter the lobby right when you go inside the lobby there's this book on a
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00010-00009064-00009692 bench and it's for the hotel guests to leave their comments and pictures any
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00011-00009692-00010231 experiences that they've had in the hotel. They said that the Jerome Grand
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00012-00010231-00010846 Hotel is one of the most haunted buildings in Arizona
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00013-00010846-00012185 This is the original Otis elevator. And the elevator mechanic died, he was crushed
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00014-00012185-00012761 by the elevator and they said that his spirit sometimes he plays tricks on you
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00015-00012761-00013463 when you ride in the elevator. This is the oldest elevator in the state of Arizona.
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00016-00014876-00015118 We're gonna be taking the elevator
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00017-00015382-00017032 So you've closed it gently and then you press and hold one
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00018-00017806-00018180 we're in the elevator wish us luck
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00019-00018334-00018744 yeah hey I made it
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00020-00018986-00019286 okay the first thing we see when we walk in our room is this
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00021-00019358-00019652 picture worthy
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00022-00019700-00020026 Okay this is our room number room number 11 Lucky 11
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00023-00020962-00021114 it's very nice
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00024-00021372-00021732 We're gonna go out and do some exploring now and show you around the hotel
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00026-00022554-00023486 I'm gonna take the stairs up to second floor you have to use your key
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00027-00023622-00024408 I read that the second floor used to be the women and children's floor when it
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00028-00024408-00025075 was a hospital okay so
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00029-00025209-00025692 and we're gonna go to that third floor
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00030-00025904-00026285 the 3rd floor is where
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00031-00026387-00026810 you did most of the operations
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00032-00027601-00028451 okay this is the third floor & room 32 it's supposed to be the most haunted
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00033-00028451-00028916 room Room thirty two is where two men
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00034-00028916-00029237 committed suicide. I'm trying to be really quiet when we go
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00035-00029237-00029687 down the hallway because the hotel is full tonight and all these rooms have
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00036-00029687-00031105 hotel guests in them. They said there's a also a ghost cat it's been seen here
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00037-00031105-00032297 actually jumps on the bed and leaves an imprint on the bed covers this is the
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00038-00032297-00032554 end of the hall
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00039-00034287-00036238 we have seen quite a few ghosts hunter groups in here already.
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00040-00036238-00037048 I'll show you. The ghost's are, the ghosts are gonna come after you yeah you just wait
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00041-00037048-00037681 the ghost cat is gonna jump on. The ghost cats gonna jump on the bed
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00042-00037681-00038126 all those stories he's gonna snuggle up next to you during the night
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00043-00038156-00039138 I'm gonna say oh he wants to snuggle I just figured that I would ask Claude Harvey
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00044-00039139-00039649 to come in and visit with us since my brother Phil worked for Otis Elevator
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00045-00039649-00040299 and he was an elevator mechanic and Claude Harvey he was worked on the
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00046-00040299-00041131 elevators here and this is an Otis elevator so I just figured maybe he
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00047-00041131-00041754 would come and talk to us. Oh don't look at me like that
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00048-00041889-00042258 yeah yeah
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00049-00042338-00042993 so Claude Harvey if you'd have anything to say to this you have anything to say
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00050-00042993-00044253 to us Claude? Is there anybody else that has anything to say to us?
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00051-00044253-00045209 I mean 9 thousand people who died here in this hotel you never know you never know okay
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00052-00048008-00048468 Well guys we finished spending a full night here in the Grand Hotel in Jerome
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00053-00048468-00049266 Arizona. I don't know what that was I don't know why my my phone was doing
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00054-00049266-00049809 this I was just saying we finish spending a full night here in the Grand
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00055-00049809-00050349 Hotel in Jerome Arizona room 11 and the only noise we heard where our neighbors
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00056-00050349-00050856 but we still have fun time but I don't know why my phone is getting light and
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00057-00050856-00051634 dark light and dark so I I don't really know have no explain we had a really fun though.
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00058-00051662-00051902 We'll talk to you guys later
f1lRB3mK9Sg-00059-00054929-00055472 Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and give this video a thumbs up. Also leave your comments below!
f2EFAfWM9f4-00000-00000000-00000282 -Hello to the subscribers of Marie Claire
f2EFAfWM9f4-00001-00000282-00000435 -I am the actress, Park Yoorim
f2EFAfWM9f4-00002-00000435-00000822 -Strating now, the〈MY 10 FAVORITES〉
f2EFAfWM9f4-00003-00000822-00000939 MY 10 FAVORITES Park Yoorim -Will begin
f2EFAfWM9f4-00004-00000939-00001112 MY 10 FAVORITES Park Yoorim
f2EFAfWM9f4-00005-00001112-00001182 -I really like film cameras
f2EFAfWM9f4-00006-00001182-00001403 My Favorite: Film camera -I really like film cameras
f2EFAfWM9f4-00007-00001403-00001616 -There are various types
f2EFAfWM9f4-00008-00001616-00001723 -The first one is
f2EFAfWM9f4-00009-00001750-00001933 -Konica big mini
f2EFAfWM9f4-00010-00001933-00002093 -This was my first film camera
f2EFAfWM9f4-00011-00002157-00002534 -This is the camera I got as a birthday gift from my dad
f2EFAfWM9f4-00012-00002534-00002811 -I got this one because I made a huge fuss about wanting it
f2EFAfWM9f4-00013-00002811-00003028 ♡It is a good film camera to carry around♡ -It is small and lightweight
f2EFAfWM9f4-00014-00003028-00003275 ♡It is a good film camera to carry around♡ -I often carry it around with me
f2EFAfWM9f4-00015-00003275-00003525 Yashika T3 -The second one is Yashika T3
f2EFAfWM9f4-00016-00003525-00003842 -It is actually very dull
f2EFAfWM9f4-00017-00003842-00004175 -But its dullness is also its charm
f2EFAfWM9f4-00018-00004175-00004382 -The sound it makes is really nice (when taking photos)
f2EFAfWM9f4-00019-00004382-00004532 -Shall I take a photo to show you?
f2EFAfWM9f4-00020-00004532-00004619 Kimchi!! Cheese!! Smile!!
f2EFAfWM9f4-00021-00004626-00004743 Click
f2EFAfWM9f4-00022-00004743-00005190 -I really like the sound this camera makes when taking photos
f2EFAfWM9f4-00023-00005190-00005357 -This is my most recent purchase
f2EFAfWM9f4-00024-00005380-00005493 -Leica Minilux
f2EFAfWM9f4-00025-00005493-00005537 -It's very Leica Minilux
f2EFAfWM9f4-00026-00005537-00005600 Leica Minilux
f2EFAfWM9f4-00027-00005600-00005717 -Isn't it very cute?
f2EFAfWM9f4-00028-00005717-00006024 -I took it with me to the Oscars
f2EFAfWM9f4-00029-00006024-00006341 ☆The film camera that shared the Oscar glory☆ -I bought it because I wanted to use it
f2EFAfWM9f4-00030-00006341-00006584 -My friend gave me this camera
f2EFAfWM9f4-00031-00006584-00006751 Kodak disposable camera -It is a disposable film camera
f2EFAfWM9f4-00032-00006751-00007275 -It is really light, so I usually put it in my bag
f2EFAfWM9f4-00033-00007275-00007429 -I have been going around and taking photos
f2EFAfWM9f4-00034-00007429-00007515 -The charm of film cameras
f2EFAfWM9f4-00035-00007515-00007849 -Is that we can't check the photos on the spot
f2EFAfWM9f4-00036-00007849-00008229 The charms of waiting -It is fun to scan them and wait
f2EFAfWM9f4-00037-00008229-00008416 -I like the feeling that this film camera gives
f2EFAfWM9f4-00038-00008416-00008523 Photo by Yoorim/ Model by Yoorim -I like the bright feeling it gives off
f2EFAfWM9f4-00039-00008523-00008743 Photo by Yoorim/ Model by Yoorim -I like the bright feeling it gives off
f2EFAfWM9f4-00040-00008767-00008913 -I like it very much I really like film cameras♥
f2EFAfWM9f4-00041-00008913-00009054 My Favorite : Lip balm -My face is quite dry
f2EFAfWM9f4-00042-00009054-00009264 My Favorite: Kip balm -And my lips are very dry
f2EFAfWM9f4-00043-00009294-00009371 Eucerin Aquafer
f2EFAfWM9f4-00044-00009371-00009581 Eucerin Aquafer -I saw on YouTube that you have to do it like this
f2EFAfWM9f4-00045-00009581-00009804 -I use the Eucerin lip balm
f2EFAfWM9f4-00046-00009828-00010075 -It is a must-have item of mine that I always use before going to bed
f2EFAfWM9f4-00047-00010075-00010195 -My lips feel moist even in the morning (after putting it on and sleeping)
f2EFAfWM9f4-00048-00010195-00010328 a.k.a. Moisture protector -My lips feel moist even in the morning (after putting it on and sleeping)
f2EFAfWM9f4-00049-00010328-00010575 -I highly recommend it because it has good ingredients
f2EFAfWM9f4-00050-00010575-00010739 Yoorim Pick Beauty item -Eucerin lip balm -
f2EFAfWM9f4-00051-00010745-00010819 -My Favorite : Dark chocolate
f2EFAfWM9f4-00052-00010819-00011049 My Favorite : Dark chocolate -I really love snacks
f2EFAfWM9f4-00053-00011049-00011212 -So I often have snacks
f2EFAfWM9f4-00054-00011212-00011399 Lindt dark chocolate -In my bag
f2EFAfWM9f4-00055-00011399-00011770 -I was searching for a snack and ended up eating it
f2EFAfWM9f4-00056-00011770-00012060 -This is Lindt's dark chocolate
f2EFAfWM9f4-00057-00012060-00012260 -I find it very tasty
f2EFAfWM9f4-00058-00012260-00012477 -I highly recommend it as a snack
f2EFAfWM9f4-00059-00012477-00012681 -There is also something else I brought with me
f2EFAfWM9f4-00060-00012681-00012954 Chocolate in a container -This is actually an empty container
f2EFAfWM9f4-00061-00013054-00013221 -This chocolate is really very tasty
f2EFAfWM9f4-00062-00013221-00013371 Sweet and crunchy -For the people who like chocolate, give it a try
f2EFAfWM9f4-00063-00013371-00013541 Highly recommended / Highly recommended Sweet and crunchy -For the people who like chocolate, give it a try
f2EFAfWM9f4-00064-00013541-00013652 -See's candies toffee-ettes
f2EFAfWM9f4-00065-00013652-00013808 See's candies / ( Toffee-ettes) -See's candies toffee-ettes
f2EFAfWM9f4-00066-00013808-00013865 -Since <Drive My Car>
f2EFAfWM9f4-00067-00013865-00014085 Drive My Car -Since <Drive My Car>
f2EFAfWM9f4-00068-00014085-00014509 My Favorite Notebook -I started to write down everything... even the smallest of things
f2EFAfWM9f4-00069-00014509-00014736 -So, this is a notebook that I bought recently
f2EFAfWM9f4-00070-00014736-00014993 Composition studio notes -So, this is a notebook that I bought recently
f2EFAfWM9f4-00071-00015013-00015180 Attention here★ -Here
f2EFAfWM9f4-00072-00015180-00015260 Attention here★ -I put a ballerina sticker on it
f2EFAfWM9f4-00073-00015260-00015407 Ta-Da -I put a ballerina sticker on it
f2EFAfWM9f4-00074-00015407-00015500 -I put a ballerina sticker on it
f2EFAfWM9f4-00075-00015500-00015663 -While filming <Drive My Car>
f2EFAfWM9f4-00076-00015663-00015870 -In Hiroshima
f2EFAfWM9f4-00077-00015870-00016201 -I bought this because it was so cute
f2EFAfWM9f4-00078-00016201-00016454 A fateful encounter - I sticked it on because I was going to do <Ballerina>
f2EFAfWM9f4-00079-00016454-00016845 -I wrote my name here
f2EFAfWM9f4-00080-00016845-00017222 -It is a normal notebook on the inside
f2EFAfWM9f4-00081-00017222-00017329 -I will fill it up moving forward
f2EFAfWM9f4-00082-00017329-00017639 Wishing you a successful career with many works! Fighting! -I will fill it up moving forward
f2EFAfWM9f4-00083-00017656-00017939 -My Favorite Coffee Bean
f2EFAfWM9f4-00084-00017962-00018146 Fritz Old Dog / (FRITZ Old dog) -This is Fritz Old Dog
f2EFAfWM9f4-00085-00018146-00018436 Yoorim pick Savory and strong coffee -I prefer coffee that is more savory and strong
f2EFAfWM9f4-00086-00018436-00018566 -This is really tasty
f2EFAfWM9f4-00087-00018566-00018710 -So I buy the beans like this
f2EFAfWM9f4-00088-00018710-00018897 -I have been making drip coffee lately
f2EFAfWM9f4-00089-00018897-00019090 My Favorite cup -The coffee I make using the coffee beans
f2EFAfWM9f4-00090-00019090-00019320 -The coffee I make using the coffee beans
f2EFAfWM9f4-00091-00019320-00019611 umool / (umool blue mug) -I always pour it into an unmool cup
f2EFAfWM9f4-00092-00019611-00019831 -I usually like blue colors
f2EFAfWM9f4-00093-00019831-00020141 -It gives off an ocean feel
f2EFAfWM9f4-00094-00020141-00020378 -I am using this... it was a gift from a friend
f2EFAfWM9f4-00095-00020378-00020585 -These two go hand in hand
f2EFAfWM9f4-00096-00020585-00020809 The dream team umool cup + coffee
f2EFAfWM9f4-00097-00020809-00021279 My Favorite Avocado -I really like avocadoes
f2EFAfWM9f4-00098-00021279-00021593 -You can mash avocadoes and bananas
f2EFAfWM9f4-00099-00021593-00021893 -Or add them to soy sauce egg rice
f2EFAfWM9f4-00100-00021893-00022223 -I also like to eat it with pepper
f2EFAfWM9f4-00101-00022223-00022527 -♡Healthy food that is good for dieting♡
f2EFAfWM9f4-00102-00022540-00022821 -You can mash the bananas and avocadoes [Yoorim's favorite combination] Banana + avocado + honey + milk = avocado smoothie
f2EFAfWM9f4-00103-00022821-00023131 -And add honey and milk [Yoorim's favorite combination] Banana + avocado + honey + milk = avocado smoothie
f2EFAfWM9f4-00104-00023131-00023291 -I like mixing them all and eating them [Yoorim's favorite combination] Banana + avocado + honey + milk = avocado smoothie
f2EFAfWM9f4-00105-00023291-00023441 -This is also the dream team
f2EFAfWM9f4-00106-00023441-00023842 My Favorite Oscar hat -I fell in love with this hat as soon as I laid eyes on it
f2EFAfWM9f4-00107-00023842-00024152 My style bulls-eye -The color combination is so cute, and it is completely my style
f2EFAfWM9f4-00108-00024152-00024289 -So I bought it straight away
f2EFAfWM9f4-00109-00024289-00024499 -It says Oscar over here
f2EFAfWM9f4-00110-00024499-00024769 -It became my favorite hat [after going to the oscars]
f2EFAfWM9f4-00111-00024769-00025143 My Favorite car key -Since I got my driver's license last December
f2EFAfWM9f4-00112-00025143-00025333 -I have been driving a lot
f2EFAfWM9f4-00113-00025333-00025513 -I added this cute friend
f2EFAfWM9f4-00114-00025513-00025710 (깜찍) (깜찍) -I added this cute friend
f2EFAfWM9f4-00115-00025710-00025924 -Should I say that it is a new hobby?
f2EFAfWM9f4-00116-00025924-00026104 -The car keys feel empty without it
f2EFAfWM9f4-00117-00026104-00026377 -I carry it in my bag even if I don't need it
f2EFAfWM9f4-00118-00026377-00026741 -This is a bag
f2EFAfWM9f4-00119-00026741-00026915 My Favorite bag -That I really like a lot
f2EFAfWM9f4-00120-00026915-00027192 -I am sure some of you guys already saw this on social media
f2EFAfWM9f4-00121-00027192-00027525 -But I usually carry a backpack around with me
f2EFAfWM9f4-00122-00027525-00027949 〈Packman style〉 -The reason is to be able to pack all of these things
f2EFAfWM9f4-00123-00027949-00028069 -And carry them in one bag
f2EFAfWM9f4-00124-00028069-00028473 -Thig bag has so much space
f2EFAfWM9f4-00125-00028473-00028717 Patagonia Refigio Backpack 28L -This is my favorite Patagonia bag
f2EFAfWM9f4-00126-00028717-00028830 -Over here
f2EFAfWM9f4-00127-00028830-00029204 -I show that I have been to the Oscars
f2EFAfWM9f4-00128-00029204-00029277 -With a badge
f2EFAfWM9f4-00129-00029277-00029477 One by one
f2EFAfWM9f4-00130-00029477-00029721 -If you take a careful look here
f2EFAfWM9f4-00131-00029721-00029954 Special item +1 -There is a snack
f2EFAfWM9f4-00132-00029954-00030138 Special item +1 -There is something to eat
f2EFAfWM9f4-00133-00030138-00030245 -There is something to eat
f2EFAfWM9f4-00134-00030245-00030829 ♥lovely lovely♥ -I just get it from my bag when I feel hungry
f2EFAfWM9f4-00135-00030829-00031082 -This has been the actress Park Yoorim
f2EFAfWM9f4-00136-00031082-00031336 -Please continue to support and love me
f2EFAfWM9f4-00137-00031336-00031589 ♥Please look forward to the June issue of Marie Claire♥
f2EFAfWM9f4-00138-00031589-00031796 -Bye~~~
f2EFAfWM9f4-00139-00032120-00032417 editor : Kang Yesol, Kim Seonhee video : PArk Sujin design : Byeon Yeongju hair : Lee Jinhee (Kowon)
f2EFAfWM9f4-00140-00032417-00032577 -Bye editor: Kang Yesol, Kim Seonhee video: Park Sujin design: Byeon Yeongju hair : Lee Jinhee (Kowon) makeup: Sujin (Kowon) styling: Kim Kyeongseon
f2EFAfWM9f4-00141-00032577-00032757 -I will be leaving now
f2EFAfWM9f4-00142-00032757-00032861 -Good bye
f3srIoFg32Y-00000-00000902-00001616 We're going because we're helpless. Do they ask us what we're going through, before they hit us with sticks?
f3srIoFg32Y-00001-00001616-00002142 When I wasn't able to earn during the lock-down, I used up what I had earned before.
f3srIoFg32Y-00002-00002260-00002500 There is no more money left for food.
f3srIoFg32Y-00003-00002744-00003942 In Shamli district of western UP, five factory workers from Samastipur, Bihar are stranded due to the lockdown.
f3srIoFg32Y-00004-00004536-00004712 -How many of you stay here?
f3srIoFg32Y-00005-00004712-00004842 It is five of us here.
f3srIoFg32Y-00006-00004896-00005228 -Five. All five of you from Bihar?
f3srIoFg32Y-00007-00005542-00005806 -What kind of problems have you been facing during the lock-down?
f3srIoFg32Y-00008-00005932-00006300 Pankaj Kumar: So far, there has been no problem of food.
f3srIoFg32Y-00009-00006300-00006568 Whatever I had earned from the factory owner,
f3srIoFg32Y-00010-00006581-00007088 which he was giving me bit by bit, has now exhausted.
f3srIoFg32Y-00011-00007092-00007488 Now the question is, will the owner give us money or not.
f3srIoFg32Y-00012-00007578-00007809 I have taken whatever I had earned.
f3srIoFg32Y-00013-00007966-00008352 Some money, I sent home, some I used for myself.
f3srIoFg32Y-00014-00008530-00009088 -What help have you received from the factory you worked at?
f3srIoFg32Y-00015-00009198-00009396 Nothing from their end.
f3srIoFg32Y-00016-00009602-00010082 Nothing from their end. Whatever they owed me for my work until March 22,
f3srIoFg32Y-00017-00010102-00010358 We have only received that so far.
f3srIoFg32Y-00018-00010416-00010626 Now I'm out of money.
f3srIoFg32Y-00019-00010744-00011056 -There has been no help from the government? None
f3srIoFg32Y-00020-00011244-00011628 -Have you tried calling the government helpline number?
f3srIoFg32Y-00021-00011758-00012166 There was one helpline number, for people who want to go home.
f3srIoFg32Y-00022-00012258-00012958 Whenever we call them, they tell us that they're sending a bus that day or the next day. New rules everyday.
f3srIoFg32Y-00023-00015618-00016146 Dinesh Pandit: We only got the money that the factory owner owed us for our work.
f3srIoFg32Y-00024-00016146-00016506 There was no help, neither from the government, nor from the factory owner.
f3srIoFg32Y-00025-00016572-00017108 Whatever we had earned we rationed it for two months so far.
f3srIoFg32Y-00026-00017204-00017656 It will be finished within two-three days.
f3srIoFg32Y-00027-00017656-00018084 Then we'll ask the factory owner to either give us more money, or send us home.
f3srIoFg32Y-00028-00018180-00018508 -What you earned here, you also sent it home, yes?
f3srIoFg32Y-00029-00018522-00018850 Yes we sent it home and gave it to our children too.
f3srIoFg32Y-00030-00018850-00019216 -So did you have enough money to send home during the lock-down?
f3srIoFg32Y-00031-00019216-00019706 When I wasn't able to earn during the lock-down, I used up what I had earned before.
f3srIoFg32Y-00032-00019760-00020064 We have nothing left for food now.
f3srIoFg32Y-00033-00020200-00020624 -Has there been a problem because you couldn't send money home?
f3srIoFg32Y-00034-00020676-00020966 There is trouble at home, and here too.
f3srIoFg32Y-00035-00021938-00022736 -All the migrant workers, from other states are going home, on foot, by bus, etc. (Many are stranded in Delhi)
f3srIoFg32Y-00036-00022810-00023282 Some have even died in accidents recently, some were gravely injured.
f3srIoFg32Y-00037-00023356-00023596 and many others are still stranded .
f3srIoFg32Y-00038-00023596-00023794 Do you have anything to say about them?
f3srIoFg32Y-00039-00023794-00024264 Look, that must have been their last resort, isn't that why they were walking home?
f3srIoFg32Y-00040-00024264-00024648 Had we not been helpless, we wouldn't have come here from Bihar.
f3srIoFg32Y-00041-00024774-00025240 They too, must be helpless for food, houses...
f3srIoFg32Y-00042-00025240-00025877 like they live in rented places, landlords must be pestering them, they must have no money, no food left left.
f3srIoFg32Y-00043-00025898-00026170 That is why the workers were going on foot
f3srIoFg32Y-00044-00026230-00026512 nobody is walking home for fun.
f3srIoFg32Y-00045-00026588-00026814 -Is the government responsible for this too?
f3srIoFg32Y-00046-00026836-00027004 Everyone is responsible
f3srIoFg32Y-00047-00027050-00027666 the factory owners are responsible, the government is responsible, too.
f3srIoFg32Y-00048-00027666-00028260 It was announced that workers will get all facilities
f3srIoFg32Y-00049-00028260-00028592 But nothing is reaching us here on the ground.
f3srIoFg32Y-00050-00028592-00028902 The workers are suffering. The workers are suffering
f3srIoFg32Y-00051-00028988-00029316 The rich are in their homes, with their families.
f3srIoFg32Y-00052-00029316-00029900 The working class is walking to their homes, they're getting beating up by the police too.
f3srIoFg32Y-00053-00029948-00030648 We're going because our hands are tied. Do they ask us what we're going through, before they hit us?
f3srIoFg32Y-00054-00030676-00030827 What are you helpless for?
f3srIoFg32Y-00055-00030827-00031214 they just tell us that we cannot go there, we cannot cross the border
f3srIoFg32Y-00056-00031216-00031466 and if we try to force, we get beaten.
f3NX-szaMD8-00000-00000030-00001019 our Channel drop to approximately 90 views per hour after the fastest beers, or at least, the
f3NX-szaMD8-00001-00001019-00001805 ones where we left, are recent links are have half of their speed. one dropped from 40 down
f3NX-szaMD8-00002-00001805-00002592 to 20, and 1460 down to 30, although that one was okay. it was going to happen already. the
f3NX-szaMD8-00003-00002592-00003426 other one it was pretty effective, and I knew my channel was going to eventually drop, so yeah.
f5d71WH_dpg-00000-00000004-00000102 looool
f5-9p4klcFy-00000-00000186-00000272 All right hey guys.
f5-9p4klcFy-00001-00000273-00001231 What are you going to do today. I'm going to unbox this package from Wal-Mart.   What I wanted to do is test out the Wal-Mart online ordering system in Canada as a specific reason that I did that.
f5-9p4klcFy-00002-00001238-00001977 And there's a specific product even here  in this box that I tell you about because  it's it's really cool.
f5-9p4klcFy-00003-00002039-00002614 So basically what I did was. This box from Wal-Mart on the 26.
f5-9p4klcFy-00004-00002639-00003308 OK. And you have to order over like twenty twenty dollars worth of the charging surcharge.
f5-9p4klcFy-00005-00003320-00004474 So I threw a couple of things in with it  and I said it will get shipped to our location near me, which would be October 18.
f5-9p4klcFy-00006-00004573-00005152 I got there early actually. It was ready to pick up.  I got mail on October 3rd.
f5-9p4klcFy-00007-00005172-00005634 So one of the nice things is what are they telling you.  It's going to be there soon.
f5-9p4klcFy-00008-00005637-00006138 So just jump in and see what's inside this box.
f5-9p4klcFy-00009-00007045-00007634 So this is actually FREE to have shipped to a Wal-Mart location.  So the first thing.
f5-9p4klcFy-00010-00007652-00008349 This is some gluten-free pasta just filler to get to the order threshold. Actual.
f5-9p4klcFy-00011-00010149-00011456 All right well things are. So. On. You.  Can see here. We've got some more the rest of the stuff first.
f5-9p4klcFy-00012-00011539-00011580 It's in the white bag.
f5-9p4klcFy-00013-00011891-00012594 So the reason I wanted to actually get this is...this  is Stubb's Green Chili
f5-9p4klcFy-00014-00012594-00012900 Sauce and it is freaking amazing.
f5-9p4klcFy-00015-00012930-00013744 It's actually quite spicy don't need a lot.  And how I did this and it's how much green chiles with garlic.
f5-9p4klcFy-00016-00013830-00014172 So what I did was I fried chicken up you  know a cast iron pan
f5-9p4klcFy-00017-00014259-00014449 get it nice you know coloring.
f5-9p4klcFy-00018-00014499-00015272 And then I put this on top. Put on some lettuce... put some raw onions and POW.
f5-9p4klcFy-00019-00015276-00015411 Really really good.
f5-9p4klcFy-00020-00015411-00015877 The problem is getting this in Canada seems  to be a bit of a problem.
f5-9p4klcFy-00021-00015918-00016132 So I went to.
f5-9p4klcFy-00022-00016138-00016515 There's two major grocery stores here in Nova  Scotia there's a Atlantic Superstore
f5-9p4klcFy-00023-00016526-00016920 and there's Sobeys.  And I went to both of them and said  Hey I know you carry
f5-9p4klcFy-00024-00016920-00017060 other Stubbs sauces.
f5-9p4klcFy-00025-00017061-00017224 Can you bring this in.
f5-9p4klcFy-00026-00017269-00017815 And people told me no. I was kind of disappointed.  So talk to the managers there.
f5-9p4klcFy-00027-00017817-00018531 I called Pete's Fine Foods in Bedford  which typically has a nicer
f5-9p4klcFy-00028-00018537-00019195 nicer food some imported and stuff like that's  where I get my preserved
f5-9p4klcFy-00029-00019197-00019456 lemons and stuff like that.
f5-9p4klcFy-00030-00019475-00019981 But they I asked what can you do case you  carry some Stubbs and
f5-9p4klcFy-00031-00020032-00020313 some different stuff sauces and they  said no.
f5-9p4klcFy-00032-00020313-00021214 So disappointing but I just did a search  and I'm like oh yeah message Stubbs does  on Facebook I'm like Can I just order some  of this right from you.
f5-9p4klcFy-00033-00021216-00021898 Ship it right to Canada. And they were like No.  So I searched this and searched Canada.
f5-9p4klcFy-00034-00021939-00022337 And then what pop up? Wal-Mart online.  I'm like OK let me give this a shot.
f5-9p4klcFy-00035-00022351-00023194 And so that's what I hear so I ordered a  couple of bottles of choice just cause  you know how someone can.
f5-9p4klcFy-00036-00023201-00023506 This is like my son's favorite thing and.
f5-9p4klcFy-00037-00023663-00024011 We got a couple of bottles of this. It is really really good stuff.
f5-9p4klcFy-00038-00024049-00024677 And I think there's one other. So. We'll see if I can.
f5-9p4klcFy-00039-00024705-00025309 He's got some stubs original original  BBQ sauce
f5-9p4klcFy-00040-00025473-00025900 So you guys look happy with this stuff.  Green hatch chili sauce.
f5-9p4klcFy-00041-00025905-00026448 Really really good. Overall the whole process Wal-Mart very easy.
f5-9p4klcFy-00042-00026451-00026718 You know I know one of the grocery stores  in the area are looking
f5-9p4klcFy-00043-00026718-00026870 toward doing more that now.
f5-9p4klcFy-00044-00026895-00027306 You know you can kind of drive to the store and pick it up.
f5-9p4klcFy-00045-00027306-00028644 So that's kind of like this but not all the stuff that you can get in Wal-Mart and even the box section is available so you know that's why I kind of just got a couple things but really happy.
f5-9p4klcFy-00046-00028652-00029020 So we're going to continue with this Stubb's  green chili sauce tonight.
f5-9p4klcFy-00047-00029024-00030157 It is really dynamite. Love to see you the next video.  Hope you enjoyed the unboxing.
f5-9p4klcFy-00048-00030158-00030398 Hey guys. Whoops sorry. That wasn't the end.
f5-9p4klcFy-00049-00030401-00031292 I forgot there is one last one that we got here.  The chicken marinated with onions and citrus sounds pretty good.
f5-9p4klcFy-00050-00031295-00032192 Haven't tried out but yeah all the all  the excitement I forgot to fill that when  and how this is we're really into the video  for real.
f5-9p4klcFy-00051-00032192-00032285 We'll see the next one.
f6Z6f4smQwY-00000-00000218-00000270 [Music]
f6Z6f4smQwY-00001-00000270-00001750 I am a lineman for the county [Music]
f6Z6f4smQwY-00002-00002016-00002808 and the witches
f6Z6f4smQwY-00003-00003240-00004086 is still on the line hello there and welcome to inquiring minds my name is Doug and I'm back with
f6Z6f4smQwY-00004-00004086-00004692 another fountain pen review the jinhao x50 is the fountain pen that got my ink chiring Minds
f6Z6f4smQwY-00005-00004692-00005274 Channel started I'd used fountain pens when I was in Junior and senior high school but it wasn't
f6Z6f4smQwY-00006-00005274-00005952 until I'd purchased two of these x450s one for me and one for my wife from a Facebook advertisement
f6Z6f4smQwY-00007-00005952-00006612 but I became interested in writing with a fountain pen again that was three years ago and now I have
f6Z6f4smQwY-00008-00006612-00007272 hundreds of fountain pens and 10 000 subscribers on YouTube all because of a four dollar Chinese
f6Z6f4smQwY-00009-00007272-00007944 fountain pen I was thoroughly impressed with the inexpensive jinhao x450 and the other two
f6Z6f4smQwY-00010-00007944-00008742 inexpensive gen how models the x-750 and the 159 they were ridiculously inexpensive and wrote like
f6Z6f4smQwY-00011-00008742-00009276 butter on a hot plate the like butter Jin Howe has been busy lately releasing a number of new
f6Z6f4smQwY-00012-00009276-00010020 models as well as updating and improving the 159 with the x159 which was my choice for the pen of
f6Z6f4smQwY-00013-00010020-00010902 the year for 2022 and now they've upgraded the 450 with this new x850 as soon as I saw this I knew I
f6Z6f4smQwY-00014-00010902-00011556 had to grab one and see what they've changed from the classic x450 let's find out together right now
f6Z6f4smQwY-00015-00011948-00012048 [Applause]
f6Z6f4smQwY-00016-00012048-00012852 when this new jinhao came on the market I snapped it up immediately the jinhao x850
f6Z6f4smQwY-00017-00012852-00013463 seemed to be it's hard to tell from the photos but it seemed to be an upgrade of the jinhao
f6Z6f4smQwY-00018-00013463-00014141 x450 this is the first modern fountain pen I purchased and actually got my YouTube channel
f6Z6f4smQwY-00019-00014141-00014856 started three years ago so very interesting to see what's in this package that has arrived today
f6Z6f4smQwY-00020-00015504-00015726 you see it comes in the deluxe case
f6Z6f4smQwY-00021-00016128-00016626 push it out shall we here we go and it sticks right out there
f6Z6f4smQwY-00022-00016914-00017718 oh the condoms are getting more expensive actually resealable condom
f6Z6f4smQwY-00023-00018138-00018492 that's resealable not reusable and there it is
f6Z6f4smQwY-00024-00018606-00019320 well the clip is upgraded the top finials look the same new cap band to make it look more like
f6Z6f4smQwY-00025-00019320-00020052 another brand and the body seems to be a little bit Slimmer but it is a brass pen like the x159
f6Z6f4smQwY-00026-00020052-00020922 I thought it might be a resin version of the x450 but it is enamel brass we will ink this pen up
f6Z6f4smQwY-00027-00021012-00021666 and put it through its Paces the jinhao x850 and what I'd like to do today is go over the
f6Z6f4smQwY-00028-00021666-00022134 parts and features of this pen show some size comparisons some measurements and then provide
f6Z6f4smQwY-00029-00022134-00022650 a writing sample after the writing sample please stay tuned as I will talk about what I like and
f6Z6f4smQwY-00030-00022650-00023310 what I don't like so much about this fountain pen as I mentioned in the introduction the jinhao
f6Z6f4smQwY-00031-00023310-00023982 x450 was the fountain pen that really launched my YouTube channel in the direction of fountain pens
f6Z6f4smQwY-00032-00023982-00024624 although the jinhao x450 and the x750 are not pens that I've used very much at all over the
f6Z6f4smQwY-00033-00024624-00025266 last three years they are very influential pen models and are almost the standard for inexpensive
f6Z6f4smQwY-00034-00025266-00025836 chinese-made fountain pens they are not only well built and performed very well but they are also
f6Z6f4smQwY-00035-00025836-00026394 the go-to fountain pen for those who like to Tinker and experiment with nibs nib grinds and
f6Z6f4smQwY-00036-00026394-00027042 various types of ink that's because they come with a standard number six size steel nib that is very
f6Z6f4smQwY-00037-00027042-00027689 easy to swap they are built like proverbial tanks and stand up to all kinds of abuse
f6Z6f4smQwY-00038-00027689-00028188 if you're strong enough or clumsy enough to break it for four bucks you can get another
f6Z6f4smQwY-00039-00028188-00028938 the downside of the x450x750 and the 159 as well is that they're all Heavy Metal pens
f6Z6f4smQwY-00040-00028938-00029676 and they have some particularly ugly Furniture in addition the x450 has this triangular grip section
f6Z6f4smQwY-00041-00029676-00030264 with the divots to remind you where to place your fingers that pisses many people off don't piss me
f6Z6f4smQwY-00042-00030264-00030906 off especially people that don't use the classic tripod grip Before Christmas jinhao released the
f6Z6f4smQwY-00043-00030906-00031632 new and improved jinhao x159 which has taken the pen World by storm they redesigned the section and
f6Z6f4smQwY-00044-00031632-00032154 instead of making the pen from enamel covered brass made it out of injection molded plastic
f6Z6f4smQwY-00045-00032154-00032844 making it much lighter and a wonderful pen in the hand so when I saw that jinhao had a new model
f6Z6f4smQwY-00046-00032922-00033846 called the x850 I immediately thought it was an upgrade to either the x450 or the x750 model it
f6Z6f4smQwY-00047-00033846-00034494 turns out it's the upgrade to the x450 as it still has the remnants of those divots on the
f6Z6f4smQwY-00048-00034494-00035340 Triangular grip but it's not as pronounced as the x450 so let's compare the x450 to the x850 and see
f6Z6f4smQwY-00049-00035340-00035958 what jinhao has changed the first thing I noticed was that this is a metal pin it is the standard
f6Z6f4smQwY-00050-00035958-00036660 enamel paint over Brass Body that is the same on both the x450 and the x750 I really thought that
f6Z6f4smQwY-00051-00036660-00037278 they might make this one out of injection molded plastic as well but it is brass even though it is
f6Z6f4smQwY-00052-00037278-00038112 brass it is lighter than the x450 I put them on the scale to see the x450 weighs in at almost 44
f6Z6f4smQwY-00053-00038112-00038916 grams and the x850 weighs in at 38 grams so about 6 grams lighter the next most obvious difference
f6Z6f4smQwY-00054-00038916-00039522 is in the clip and the cap band I never liked the teardrop clip with the three dots on the
f6Z6f4smQwY-00055-00039522-00040308 x50 and the x850 has an understated clip that is a little stiff but is very usable jinhao is
f6Z6f4smQwY-00056-00040308-00041028 also slimmed down the cap band from the wide band with the script that was on the x450
f6Z6f4smQwY-00057-00041166-00041970 and the Jin Howe has the x850 engraved on the back the pen is much more streamlined and elegant
f6Z6f4smQwY-00058-00041970-00042882 looking and is actually looking very similar to the Sailor 1911 a large the bat the x450 is
f6Z6f4smQwY-00059-00042882-00043944 a snap cap where the 850 unscrews with one and a half turns and we see the newly redesigned section
f6Z6f4smQwY-00060-00043944-00044604 and the same number six size Gin House steel knit let's compare sections here you can see
f6Z6f4smQwY-00061-00044604-00045144 the section is shorter and has the same tripod divots but they are shallower and the section
f6Z6f4smQwY-00062-00045144-00045924 doesn't taper quite as much I think it makes the x850 much more comfortable than the x450 the metal
f6Z6f4smQwY-00063-00045924-00046470 threads at the bottom of the section are very smooth and unobtrusive and actually extend the
f6Z6f4smQwY-00064-00046470-00047046 grip area on this action there is a single gold metal ring at the top of the section again giving
f6Z6f4smQwY-00065-00047046-00047712 the pan a more refined look then it is the old style steel number six nib with the jinhao chariot
f6Z6f4smQwY-00066-00047778-00048708 jinhao and 18K GP on the bottom now that 18K GP is supposed to mean 18 karat gold plated
f6Z6f4smQwY-00067-00048708-00049266 but I've got some swamp land in Florida if you buy that bull crap the manufactured distribution
f6Z6f4smQwY-00068-00049266-00050154 packaging and marketing of [__] high quality [__] world-class designer [__] to be sure
f6Z6f4smQwY-00069-00050274-00050916 Hospital tested clinically proven [__] but [__] nonetheless but these nibs are very
f6Z6f4smQwY-00070-00050916-00051498 swappable inexpensive easy to obtain so they are great for experimenting with grinding if
f6Z6f4smQwY-00071-00051498-00052055 you're up for some tinkering the nib and the feed are friction fit so there's no unscrewable collar
f6Z6f4smQwY-00072-00052055-00052805 here the section unscrews to reveal the included cartridge converter which is branded jinhao and
f6Z6f4smQwY-00073-00052805-00053484 it is a 2.6 millimeter bore and will accept jinhao compatible cartridges the nozzle on the section is
f6Z6f4smQwY-00074-00053484-00053922 made of metal which measures with the metal Barrel threads which is an improvement over
f6Z6f4smQwY-00075-00053922-00054779 the x450 which had a plastic nozzle and there's a silicone o-ring right there that keeps the barrel
f6Z6f4smQwY-00076-00054779-00055386 from unscrewing while you use the pen the inside of the cap shows a black plastic cap liner to seal
f6Z6f4smQwY-00077-00055386-00056160 the nib from evaporation the cap posts deeply and securely and is a great improvement over the x450
f6Z6f4smQwY-00078-00056160-00056994 which we'll post but it doesn't stay on the cap on the x850 is heavy so it does back weight that
f6Z6f4smQwY-00079-00056994-00057624 pen a little bit but it is very comfortable to write with posted and is plenty long enough to
f6Z6f4smQwY-00080-00057624-00058608 write with unposted as well I bought this pen on a Sally's Easy Buy on Etsy for 16.80 now that's more
f6Z6f4smQwY-00081-00058608-00059310 than the x450 but I feel the improvements with the x850 are well worth the extra thirteen dollars and
f6Z6f4smQwY-00082-00059310-00060078 it comes with ef f m and bent nib options now let's look at some size comparisons and here is
f6Z6f4smQwY-00083-00060078-00061476 the jinhao x850 with a jinhao x159 a jinhao x 450 a sailor 1911 a large and the new jinhao 82. now
f6Z6f4smQwY-00084-00061476-00062214 let's look at the Post-it and here they are posted the x159 has a number eight size steel nib and the
f6Z6f4smQwY-00085-00062214-00063078 Sailor 1911 large has a 21 karat gold number six size nib and the jinhao 82 this is a numbers five
f6Z6f4smQwY-00086-00063078-00063941 size steel nib and all five pens post but only the x450 doesn't post securely you can't hold
f6Z6f4smQwY-00087-00063941-00064590 that pen without it the cap falling off now let's look at them unposted and here they are on posted
f6Z6f4smQwY-00088-00064590-00065304 only the jinhao 82 here might be a bit short unposted and you'll see this pen in an upcoming
f6Z6f4smQwY-00089-00065304-00065664 review now let's look at some measurements and I'll be back with a writing sample
f6Z6f4smQwY-00090-00065840-00065940 [Music]
f6Z6f4smQwY-00091-00065940-00067356 and we're back with the writing portion of the
f6Z6f4smQwY-00092-00067356-00068058 review this is Claire Fontaine 90 GSM paper and this is the jinhao
f6Z6f4smQwY-00093-00068490-00068622 x850
f6Z6f4smQwY-00094-00068796-00069486 and it has a medium number six eyes steel nib
f6Z6f4smQwY-00095-00069858-00071118 let's check the wetness it's a nicely nicely wet juicy nib and the nib is super buttery smooth
f6Z6f4smQwY-00096-00071634-00071946 just a hint of feedback
f6Z6f4smQwY-00097-00072342-00072570 very very nice and the ink today
f6Z6f4smQwY-00098-00072834-00072978 is dimene
f6Z6f4smQwY-00099-00073392-00073488 Arctic
f6Z6f4smQwY-00100-00073698-00074598 blast which is one of the diamine 2022 ink vent colors and it is a sheening and shimmering ink
f6Z6f4smQwY-00101-00074718-00075510 here is the bottle that comes from the ink event calendar and it's in my inquiring minds inkbuddy
f6Z6f4smQwY-00102-00075510-00076266 3D printed caddy I made this to hold the ink vent calendar bottles from tipping over and you
f6Z6f4smQwY-00103-00076266-00076824 can buy these ink buddies on my son's Etsy store Allied armors which I'll link in the description
f6Z6f4smQwY-00104-00076824-00077394 and here is the Swatch I did for my inkvent calendar video and it shows how many colors
f6Z6f4smQwY-00105-00077394-00078132 there are in this ink it has a base which is a light teal blue and then machine is a hot pink
f6Z6f4smQwY-00106-00078132-00078702 magenta kind of color which blends with the teal blue making the overall look of the ink come out
f6Z6f4smQwY-00107-00078702-00079530 like a a deep purple blue and it has a silver blue silver Shimmer to it as well and that's just some
f6Z6f4smQwY-00108-00079530-00080232 line variation well you can squeeze a little bit of variation out of this nib but it's fairly stiff
f6Z6f4smQwY-00109-00080358-00081690 this nib makes a 0.5 millimeter line which is a western [Music] fine or a Japanese
f6Z6f4smQwY-00110-00082044-00082494 fine to medium on my Richard Bender line width chart which you can also
f6Z6f4smQwY-00111-00082494-00082788 find Linked In the description and for our quote
f6Z6f4smQwY-00112-00084366-00085272 and for some reverse writing well this is one of the best reverse writers I've had in a while
f6Z6f4smQwY-00113-00085272-00086022 it's thinner a little bit drier Skips a little bit but it actually writes and it's very smooth
f6Z6f4smQwY-00114-00086208-00086730 so for you Sketchers out there that like to flip your nib over to get a thinner line for
f6Z6f4smQwY-00115-00086730-00087192 cross hatching and things like that this is a very nice pen and for some quick writing
f6Z6f4smQwY-00116-00087942-00088608 this feed keeps up very very nicely it's a very juicy pen so what do I like and what do I not like
f6Z6f4smQwY-00117-00088608-00089418 about this fountain pen well the x450 has been the go-to fountain pen for Tinkers Grinders and
f6Z6f4smQwY-00118-00089418-00090018 ink experimenters for years at four bucks and in a variety of different colors and patterns
f6Z6f4smQwY-00119-00090018-00090630 it's also a nice inexpensive option for gifting those to whom you wish to pen able you can give
f6Z6f4smQwY-00120-00090630-00091170 the mode as Christmas gifts birthday gifts graduation or even his party favors if you
f6Z6f4smQwY-00121-00091170-00091680 wish to whip out your fountain peneticism on your friends family and neighbors but they've always
f6Z6f4smQwY-00122-00091680-00092514 been a bit clunky and awkward uh they're on the heavy side at 44 grams but they look chunky and
f6Z6f4smQwY-00123-00092514-00093210 inelegant but with the x850 Jin House brought the x450 into the mainstream this is now a serious
f6Z6f4smQwY-00124-00093210-00093906 everyday carry option for pen lovers Jin how has improved almost everything it's lighter it posts
f6Z6f4smQwY-00125-00093906-00094674 better it has a nicer grip section and is much improved overall with a more elegant clip and
f6Z6f4smQwY-00126-00094674-00095304 it looks very respectable next to the Sailor 1911 large and if you're squeamish about using
f6Z6f4smQwY-00127-00095304-00095988 a pen that is a cheap copy of a Montblanc 146 you'd need in fret the jinhao x50 is much less
f6Z6f4smQwY-00128-00095988-00096762 of a knockoff than the Sailor 1911 large and it's about 375 dollars cheaper than the Sailor as well
f6Z6f4smQwY-00129-00096762-00097266 I'm only seeing this pen in black with gold trim at the moment but I expect that will change as the
f6Z6f4smQwY-00130-00097266-00097932 model takes off perhaps we'll see the finishes from the x450 and x750 models appear on the
f6Z6f4smQwY-00131-00097932-00098754 x850 just the other day I saw this new listing on Sally's easy buy Etsy shop it's a jinhao x350 it
f6Z6f4smQwY-00132-00098754-00099318 looks very similar to the x850 but has the number five size nib and the section doesn't have the
f6Z6f4smQwY-00133-00099318-00100020 divots I'm wondering if we'll soon see an x950 upgrade of the jinhao x 750 perhaps so a little
f6Z6f4smQwY-00134-00100020-00100752 editorial insert here I've just purchased this jinhao x350 after Allen Roy Brammer posted this
f6Z6f4smQwY-00135-00100752-00101394 photo on Goulet pin's Facebook page I thought the pen was a number five size nib but it is in fact
f6Z6f4smQwY-00136-00101394-00102216 a number six and the photo shows the pen next to a pilot custom 74. so this could be the x750 upgrade
f6Z6f4smQwY-00137-00102216-00102833 after all jinhao Hong Indian and moon man seem to be kicking things into high gear with new model
f6Z6f4smQwY-00138-00102833-00103344 offerings something to look forward to and there you have it if you like this video please like
f6Z6f4smQwY-00139-00103344-00103842 And subscribe and don't forget to ring that Bell to get instant notifications whenever a new video
f6Z6f4smQwY-00140-00103842-00104388 is posted and please look in the description for a link to gold spot pens as I'm now an affiliate of
f6Z6f4smQwY-00141-00104388-00104904 the online store and when you shop at gold spot using my link you'll be supporting my channel
f6Z6f4smQwY-00142-00104904-00105426 as well at no extra charge to you you can also join as member of my channel for only 99 cents
f6Z6f4smQwY-00143-00105426-00105924 a month and I guarantee I'll answer your comments in the comment section and you'll get cool emojis
f6Z6f4smQwY-00144-00105924-00106632 Badges and sneak peek unboxing videos as well and that just leaves it for me to say thank you
f6Z6f4smQwY-00145-00107040-00108311 for watching [Music] and that's all she wrote [Music] I made this
f9xRh1nClgQ-00000-00000068-00000168 Hello how are you
f9xRh1nClgQ-00001-00000182-00000282 YouTube people
f9xRh1nClgQ-00002-00000292-00000405 MarioGam greets you
f9xRh1nClgQ-00003-00000418-00000746 Sorry for not uploading videos for a while
f9xRh1nClgQ-00004-00000778-00000903 Is that my phone is damaged and and no
f9xRh1nClgQ-00005-00001066-00001294 And I could not upload more videos
f9xRh1nClgQ-00006-00001450-00001646 But today I go
f9xRh1nClgQ-00007-00001912-00002012 I don't remember the word
f9xRh1nClgQ-00008-00002016-00002116 VELENO: Teach
f9xRh1nClgQ-00009-00002216-00002522 Today I will teach you how to do orange justice dance
f9xRh1nClgQ-00011-00002754-00002876 Now get away a little
f9xRh1nClgQ-00012-00003040-00003140 This has several steps. First! He passed
f9xRh1nClgQ-00013-00003602-00003800 VELENO: It's
f9xRh1nClgQ-00014-00003800-00003932 After
f9xRh1nClgQ-00015-00004132-00004332 After applause
f9xRh1nClgQ-00016-00004400-00004600 Then I did
f9xRh1nClgQ-00017-00004690-00004890 Then I did
f9xRh1nClgQ-00018-00004946-00005046 VELENO: Tropek take off the camera
f9xRh1nClgQ-00020-00005430-00005630 jeijeijeee
f9xRh1nClgQ-00021-00005868-00006018 And now, it looks completely good
f9xRh1nClgQ-00022-00006150-00006350 ¡¡¡TROPETK!!!
f9xRh1nClgQ-00023-00006350-00006494 Tropetk leave the chamber
f9xRh1nClgQ-00024-00006988-00007170 Desconocido:¡ooooooo yea!
f9xRh1nClgQ-00025-00007248-00007348 Desconocido:¡ooooooo yea!
f9xRh1nClgQ-00029-00007986-00008118 Den like, don't see it just by watching it
f9xRh1nClgQ-00030-00008318-00008450 Waka Waka GoDbay
fr60rO1rnvc-00000-00000000-00000200 soccer final
fss9kwfL_10-00000-00001019-00001142 Good evening everybody.
fss9kwfL_10-00001-00001142-00001596 I remain Larry Mason, former college professor for eight years and a computer system administrator
fss9kwfL_10-00002-00001596-00001709 for 30 years.
fss9kwfL_10-00003-00001709-00002168 I still feel very obligated to Michael Shanklin and all those who help him bring you the Voluntary
fss9kwfL_10-00004-00002168-00002340 Virtues Network.
fss9kwfL_10-00005-00002340-00002627 Without such generosity you would not be hearing my voice.
fss9kwfL_10-00006-00002627-00003080 I enjoy lecturing as much as any professor but I will have more fun soon when we move
fss9kwfL_10-00007-00003080-00003486 to live shows, so my listeners can ask questions and correct my errors.
fss9kwfL_10-00008-00003486-00003889 However we must make do with these pre-recorded lectures for now.
fss9kwfL_10-00009-00003889-00004348 This speech is the 36th in the “Invisible Hand” series of talks, all of which involve
fss9kwfL_10-00010-00004348-00004496 money in one way or another.
fss9kwfL_10-00011-00004496-00004966 “Invisible Hand” is also the name of the novel which I hope this series of talks will
fss9kwfL_10-00012-00004966-00005310 inspire you to read, if you have not already done so.
fss9kwfL_10-00013-00005310-00005705 Reading or listening to it will cost you only time, since it is freely available on the
fss9kwfL_10-00014-00005705-00006156 internet in both text and MP3 formats at NOPOMSTUFF.INFO.
fss9kwfL_10-00015-00006156-00006653 Or, if you’re willing to spend a buck on Amazon, you can download the whole novel to
fss9kwfL_10-00016-00006653-00006753 your Kindle.
fss9kwfL_10-00017-00006753-00006897 End of commercial message.
fss9kwfL_10-00018-00006897-00007494 Tonight’s main theme is loyalty which will take some definition and some explanation.
fss9kwfL_10-00019-00007494-00008098 Our old friend Wikipedia provides a brief definition as QUOTE “faithfulness or a devotion
fss9kwfL_10-00020-00008098-00008414 to a person, country, group, or cause.”
fss9kwfL_10-00021-00008414-00008514 UNQUOTE.
fss9kwfL_10-00022-00008514-00008995 Wikipedia also points out that there are considerable differences regarding loyalty among philosophers
fss9kwfL_10-00023-00008995-00009106 and others.
fss9kwfL_10-00024-00009106-00009497 As one might expect, therefore, there are considerable differences of opinion about
fss9kwfL_10-00025-00009497-00009743 a variety of aspects of loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00026-00009743-00010211 I will try to make clear just what I mean when I use the concept since misunderstanding
fss9kwfL_10-00027-00010211-00010590 is quite common when vaguely defined terms are employed.
fss9kwfL_10-00028-00010590-00011024 The concept of loyalty has changed in common usage quite a lot over the last couple hundred
fss9kwfL_10-00029-00011024-00011127 years.
fss9kwfL_10-00030-00011127-00011713 For example, Wikipedia points out that the Encyclopaedia Britannica of 1911 defined loyalty
fss9kwfL_10-00031-00011713-00012354 as “allegiance to the sovereign or established government of one's country” and “personal
fss9kwfL_10-00032-00012354-00012869 devotion and reverence to the sovereign and royal family” which hardly exhaust the uses
fss9kwfL_10-00033-00012869-00013140 and meanings of the term in today’s view.
fss9kwfL_10-00034-00013140-00013570 In this lecture we will use a rather broader understanding of the term which will include
fss9kwfL_10-00035-00013570-00014007 loyalty to persons, groups, nations, causes, and many other things.
fss9kwfL_10-00036-00014007-00014440 We will even include loyalty to ideas such as loyalty to the Constitution of the United
fss9kwfL_10-00037-00014440-00014708 States or to one’s marriage vows.
fss9kwfL_10-00038-00014708-00015297 We will take the position of Konvitz who according to Wikipedia QUOTE “writing in the Encyclopaedia
fss9kwfL_10-00039-00015297-00015859 of the History of Ideas, states that the objects of loyalty encompass principles, causes, ideas,
fss9kwfL_10-00040-00015859-00016448 ideals, religions, ideologies, nations, governments, parties, leaders, families, friends, regions,
fss9kwfL_10-00041-00016448-00016966 racial groups, and indeed ‘anyone or anything to which one's heart can become attached or
fss9kwfL_10-00042-00016966-00017095 devoted’”.
fss9kwfL_10-00043-00017095-00017223 UNQUOTE.
fss9kwfL_10-00044-00017223-00017625 When attempting to decide whether loyalty is a virtue or not, one must consider the
fss9kwfL_10-00045-00017625-00017826 object of the loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00046-00017826-00018204 Few would consider loyalty to evil things to be a virtue.
fss9kwfL_10-00047-00018204-00018568 When a woman is loyal to her husband to the point of allowing that husband to physically
fss9kwfL_10-00048-00018568-00019020 or sexually abuse her children most people would consider that loyalty to be at best
fss9kwfL_10-00049-00019020-00019390 misplaced and at worst evil in itself, for example.
fss9kwfL_10-00050-00019390-00019818 For the purposes of this lecture, we will consider loyalty to be a virtue when the object
fss9kwfL_10-00051-00019818-00020001 is morally and ethically good.
fss9kwfL_10-00052-00020001-00020656 When the object of loyalty is ethically questionable then so too will the loyalty be questionable.
fss9kwfL_10-00053-00020656-00021119 Therefore if one is loyal to a nation then that loyalty is a virtue to the extent that
fss9kwfL_10-00054-00021119-00021498 the nation does good things and avoids doing bad things.
fss9kwfL_10-00055-00021498-00021904 But this is not a lecture on ethics so we can drop this point here.
fss9kwfL_10-00056-00021904-00022173 That takes care of what one might be loyal to.
fss9kwfL_10-00057-00022173-00022679 Next, we deal with the issue of whether being loyal to thing A precludes also being loyal
fss9kwfL_10-00058-00022679-00023196 to thing B. Naturally the answer for us will be “that depends.”
fss9kwfL_10-00059-00023196-00023468 The philosophers have labels for these ideas.
fss9kwfL_10-00060-00023468-00023853 “Exclusionary loyalty” prohibits being loyal to other things.
fss9kwfL_10-00061-00023853-00024243 “Non-exclusionary loyalty” allows loyalty to other things.
fss9kwfL_10-00062-00024243-00024853 Thus loyalty can be “single” (that is exclusionary) or “multiple” (non-exclusionary).
fss9kwfL_10-00063-00024853-00025354 If one is loyal to only one thing then it is as if that thing were exclusionary whether
fss9kwfL_10-00064-00025354-00025554 that is the case or not.
fss9kwfL_10-00065-00025554-00026070 If one is loyal to several things and one or more of those loyalties is exclusionary
fss9kwfL_10-00066-00026070-00026339 then one has a situation of conflict.
fss9kwfL_10-00067-00026339-00026823 In that conflict situation we generate disloyalty from the point of view of those exclusionary
fss9kwfL_10-00068-00026823-00026968 loyalties.
fss9kwfL_10-00069-00026968-00027430 It seems to me that whether a loyalty is exclusionary or not is an “eye of the beholder” kind
fss9kwfL_10-00070-00027430-00027530 of thing.
fss9kwfL_10-00071-00027530-00027987 That is, in most circumstances, loyalty to one thing does not interfere with loyalty
fss9kwfL_10-00072-00027987-00028150 to something else.
fss9kwfL_10-00073-00028150-00028608 Those circumstances in which there is a genuine conflict of interests, in which the situation
fss9kwfL_10-00074-00028608-00029167 is a zero-sum game relationship for instance, then the loyalty to A may prevent or preclude
fss9kwfL_10-00075-00029167-00029400 loyalty to B and vice versa.
fss9kwfL_10-00076-00029400-00029669 I think this point deserves more thought.
fss9kwfL_10-00077-00029669-00030235 In general, what kinds of circumstances present genuine conflicts of interest?
fss9kwfL_10-00078-00030235-00030748 We can say that when some resource is in short supply such that there is not enough of that
fss9kwfL_10-00079-00030748-00031276 resource to meet the needs of two or more objects of loyalty then those interests conflict.
fss9kwfL_10-00080-00031276-00031476 What resources can be in short supply?
fss9kwfL_10-00081-00031476-00031714 First, we have time.
fss9kwfL_10-00082-00031714-00032107 All the people that I know of can be in only one place at a time and can only devote their
fss9kwfL_10-00083-00032107-00032379 attention to one thing at a time.
fss9kwfL_10-00084-00032379-00032771 Therefore a person’s time and attention are resources which may easily be in short
fss9kwfL_10-00085-00032771-00032905 supply.
fss9kwfL_10-00086-00032905-00033305 The next resource which may be in short supply would be material goods.
fss9kwfL_10-00087-00033305-00033787 Things like land, water, and food can be inadequate to meet the needs of the population dependent
fss9kwfL_10-00088-00033787-00033907 upon them.
fss9kwfL_10-00089-00033907-00034340 In such cases, taking care of one means not taking care of another.
fss9kwfL_10-00090-00034340-00034869 In these situations, loyalty to A would preclude and make it impossible to be loyal to B at
fss9kwfL_10-00091-00034869-00035041 the same time.
fss9kwfL_10-00092-00035041-00035439 At this point I will, of course, bring in the nature of physical object money and its
fss9kwfL_10-00093-00035439-00035813 false simulation of a zero-sum game situation.
fss9kwfL_10-00094-00035813-00036265 Money makes people feel that the supply is so limited that the needs of all for money
fss9kwfL_10-00095-00036265-00036412 cannot be met.
fss9kwfL_10-00096-00036412-00036893 Therefore, some must suffer the lack of money so that others may meet their needs.
fss9kwfL_10-00097-00036893-00037527 In all money transactions using physical object money or POM as we call it, the zero-sum game
fss9kwfL_10-00098-00037527-00038110 relationship presents the false simulation of a conflict of interests, of divided loyalties.
fss9kwfL_10-00099-00038110-00038684 This perception of conflict is at the subconscious level in almost all adults and therefore produces
fss9kwfL_10-00100-00038684-00039175 conclusions and beliefs which generate conflict and opposition and animosity in relationships
fss9kwfL_10-00101-00039175-00039580 that ought to be marked by cooperation, friendship, and affection.
fss9kwfL_10-00102-00039580-00040198 Finally, there are resources which are inherently limited which are of the mind only.
fss9kwfL_10-00103-00040198-00040427 Sports provide many such resources.
fss9kwfL_10-00104-00040427-00040598 Only one team can be the champion.
fss9kwfL_10-00105-00040598-00040866 Only one player can be the record holder.
fss9kwfL_10-00106-00040866-00041275 But there are other resources like that of being first born or having experience in some
fss9kwfL_10-00107-00041275-00041448 office or social role.
fss9kwfL_10-00108-00041448-00041959 Also, there are statuses such as president or head coach or director.
fss9kwfL_10-00109-00041959-00042463 In each of these cases loyalty must choose since only one object of loyalty can possess
fss9kwfL_10-00110-00042463-00042624 the resource.
fss9kwfL_10-00111-00042624-00043043 We will return to this idea of exclusionary loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00112-00043043-00043403 Loyalty can also vary on other dimensions than those already mentioned.
fss9kwfL_10-00113-00043403-00043919 For example, the idea of basis for loyalty is one such dimension.
fss9kwfL_10-00114-00043919-00044393 One can be loyal on the basis of kinship, place of birth, school attended, and even
fss9kwfL_10-00115-00044393-00044571 simple preference.
fss9kwfL_10-00116-00044571-00045131 Some loyalties are therefore imposed by convention whereas other loyalties are chosen on the
fss9kwfL_10-00117-00045131-00045261 basis of emotion.
fss9kwfL_10-00118-00045261-00045644 (“I like that team because I like those colors.”)
fss9kwfL_10-00119-00045644-00045890 Loyalties can vary on the strength of the emotion.
fss9kwfL_10-00120-00045890-00046410 The range is great from extreme to the point of death to “just a passing fancy.”
fss9kwfL_10-00121-00046410-00046810 The basis for the loyalty is strongly related to the strength of the emotion.
fss9kwfL_10-00122-00046810-00047165 If one of the bases for the loyalty is the amount of effort expended on the behalf of
fss9kwfL_10-00123-00047165-00047539 the object of loyalty then the greater the effort the stronger the loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00124-00047539-00048047 Veterans who have “shared foxholes” and faced danger, privation, and hard work form
fss9kwfL_10-00125-00048047-00048636 emotional bonds and fierce loyalties which do extend to great personal sacrifice.
fss9kwfL_10-00126-00048636-00049019 Loyalties can also be categorized on the basis of their scope.
fss9kwfL_10-00127-00049019-00049415 Fan loyalty to one’s professional team may entail wearing some team logo gear and some
fss9kwfL_10-00128-00049415-00049735 cheering but it is unlikely to go much beyond that.
fss9kwfL_10-00129-00049735-00050152 Loyalty to one’s children, on the other hand, may entail considerable work, effort,
fss9kwfL_10-00130-00050152-00050341 and sacrifice.
fss9kwfL_10-00131-00050341-00050791 Sometimes the scope of loyalty demanded is unlimited as in some religions or nations.
fss9kwfL_10-00132-00050791-00051242 Of course, loyalties with broader scope will tend to “outrank” loyalties with a narrow
fss9kwfL_10-00133-00051242-00051396 scope.
fss9kwfL_10-00134-00051396-00051826 When there is a conflict the loyalty with the broader scope will tend to win.
fss9kwfL_10-00135-00051826-00052182 There are quite a few social norms associated with loyalties.
fss9kwfL_10-00136-00052182-00052645 Therefore a loyalty can be considered by the norms of a culture or group to be either legitimate
fss9kwfL_10-00137-00052645-00052815 or illegitimate.
fss9kwfL_10-00138-00052815-00053255 The NAZI party, for example, would consider loyalty to one’s family to be illegitimate
fss9kwfL_10-00139-00053255-00053555 if that loyalty conflicted with loyalty to the Party.
fss9kwfL_10-00140-00053555-00054150 Today, in the U.S. most people would consider such loyalty to the NAZI party to be illegitimate.
fss9kwfL_10-00141-00054150-00054607 This kind of feeling that other loyalties are illegitimate is also common in some religions.
fss9kwfL_10-00142-00054607-00055077 I have been told that those who have any other loyalty than the religion they support will
fss9kwfL_10-00143-00055077-00055669 burn in hell; that all other loyalties, such as to my children, must take second place.
fss9kwfL_10-00144-00055669-00056053 We can categorize loyalties by how they are associated with attitudes toward those who
fss9kwfL_10-00145-00056053-00056304 do not share the loyalty in question.
fss9kwfL_10-00146-00056304-00056758 The attitude can be “if you are not for me you are against me.”
fss9kwfL_10-00147-00056758-00057216 Thus viewing everyone with any different loyalty to be hated, feared, and shunned.
fss9kwfL_10-00148-00057216-00057545 Other loyalties may simply ignore whether others share those loyalties.
fss9kwfL_10-00149-00057545-00058025 For example, I don’t really care whether anyone outside my family is loyal to my family.
fss9kwfL_10-00150-00058025-00058353 My loyalty to my family is unaffected.
fss9kwfL_10-00151-00058353-00058754 At the other end of the spectrum we find loyalties which are associated with concern and even
fss9kwfL_10-00152-00058754-00059233 affection for those with other loyalties and even those with no loyalties.
fss9kwfL_10-00153-00059233-00059665 Those who are loyal to charitable organizations (I picture the Salvation Army here, it being
fss9kwfL_10-00154-00059665-00060227 Christmas season as I write this), may care for and sacrifice for those who have no loyalty
fss9kwfL_10-00155-00060227-00060465 whatsoever to the organization.
fss9kwfL_10-00156-00060465-00061001 So the range of attitudes is from hatred through apathy to benevolence.
fss9kwfL_10-00157-00061001-00061494 We will also consider one special case, nationalism or patriotism.
fss9kwfL_10-00158-00061494-00061900 This is selected for special treatment because it was at one time the sole meaning of the
fss9kwfL_10-00159-00061900-00062030 term.
fss9kwfL_10-00160-00062030-00062602 This loyalty is also a basis for considerable conflict within as well as between nations.
fss9kwfL_10-00161-00062602-00063066 If one group believes that the nation should follow course A and another group feels that
fss9kwfL_10-00162-00063066-00063602 the nation should follow course B then each group may consider the other group to be traitors.
fss9kwfL_10-00163-00063602-00063864 Civil war can be the result.
fss9kwfL_10-00164-00063864-00064140 Next we deal with reciprocal loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00165-00064140-00064591 If one is loyal to the group does the group have an obligation to be loyal to the individual,
fss9kwfL_10-00166-00064591-00064971 as in the “Three Musketeers” “one for all and all for one”?
fss9kwfL_10-00167-00064971-00065240 This loyalty is felt and expected in families.
fss9kwfL_10-00168-00065240-00065713 If one is a “good son” or “good daughter” one expects that the family will, in return
fss9kwfL_10-00169-00065713-00066153 and as a matter of loyalty, provide needed support to that son or daughter.
fss9kwfL_10-00170-00066153-00066577 Similarly, aged parents expect their adult children to provide care when they can no
fss9kwfL_10-00171-00066577-00066789 longer care for themselves.
fss9kwfL_10-00172-00066789-00067271 But outside the family, perhaps in the Church or in the workplace, is there an expectation
fss9kwfL_10-00173-00067271-00067743 that the group or organization to which one gives loyalty will return that loyalty?
fss9kwfL_10-00174-00067743-00068103 Should the group of friends that play bridge together be loyal to the individual members
fss9kwfL_10-00175-00068103-00068281 of that group?
fss9kwfL_10-00176-00068281-00068880 Now for some generalizations: First, loyalty is meaningless unless there is a threat or
fss9kwfL_10-00177-00068880-00069187 danger of some need not being met.
fss9kwfL_10-00178-00069187-00069686 In other words, it only has significance if there is a choice to be made for action in
fss9kwfL_10-00179-00069686-00069938 which the several options conflict.
fss9kwfL_10-00180-00069938-00070425 For example, if the object of loyalty will not be affected in any measurable way by your
fss9kwfL_10-00181-00070425-00071022 choice of actions, then your loyalty to that object is irrelevant, trivial, and unimportant.
fss9kwfL_10-00182-00071022-00071521 Loyalty is for conflicts and leads one to resolve conflicts in favor of one or another
fss9kwfL_10-00183-00071521-00071653 object of loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00184-00071653-00072063 Two or more objects of loyalty are compared and one is favored.
fss9kwfL_10-00185-00072063-00072600 So when times are tough, when there is a shortage of resources, then loyalty becomes more important.
fss9kwfL_10-00186-00072600-00072986 When times are good, when there is more than enough of almost everything to go around,
fss9kwfL_10-00187-00072986-00073177 then loyalty is unimportant.
fss9kwfL_10-00188-00073177-00073819 Loyalty, therefore, must to some degree be exclusionary; it must demand preference over
fss9kwfL_10-00189-00073819-00073977 other concerns.
fss9kwfL_10-00190-00073977-00074554 Next, violating the expectations of loyalty generates considerable emotion.
fss9kwfL_10-00191-00074554-00074976 If you say you are going to play for your ultimate Frisbee team and then fail to show
fss9kwfL_10-00192-00074976-00075382 up, you will generate far more negative emotion than if you had said you would not be there
fss9kwfL_10-00193-00075382-00075485 from the beginning.
fss9kwfL_10-00194-00075485-00075916 Yes, your teammates would be disappointed but they would not feel betrayed.
fss9kwfL_10-00195-00075916-00076160 They would not feel deceived and attacked.
fss9kwfL_10-00196-00076160-00076557 As you might imagine, a Frisbee team is far less important to most people than their family,
fss9kwfL_10-00197-00076557-00076859 their church, their occupation, or their political party.
fss9kwfL_10-00198-00076859-00077343 In those organizations which put a really high value on exclusionary loyalty there may
fss9kwfL_10-00199-00077343-00077825 even be punishment including death for those who betray the group by being disloyal.
fss9kwfL_10-00200-00077825-00078347 The Catholic Church has a ritual called “excommunication” in which the individual who has been disloyal
fss9kwfL_10-00201-00078347-00078851 is formally and officially cut off from the Church and dooms their soul to hell.
fss9kwfL_10-00202-00078851-00079115 Or at least that’s my understanding.
fss9kwfL_10-00203-00079115-00079590 Also, as the level of technology increases over the millennia, the number of groups,
fss9kwfL_10-00204-00079590-00080077 organizations, movements, ideas or ideals, and occupations also increases at an even
fss9kwfL_10-00205-00080077-00080268 faster rate.
fss9kwfL_10-00206-00080268-00080542 Imagine living in a hunting and gathering society.
fss9kwfL_10-00207-00080542-00081002 The group of people with whom you live is an extended family: A few women of varying
fss9kwfL_10-00208-00081002-00081441 ages including one old woman several sisters, and their children with a half dozen men of
fss9kwfL_10-00209-00081441-00081595 varying ages.
fss9kwfL_10-00210-00081595-00081993 The family lives on food the women gather in the surrounding territory of several square
fss9kwfL_10-00211-00081993-00082105 miles.
fss9kwfL_10-00212-00082105-00082488 As the seasons change the group may go up to the mountains in the summer and back to
fss9kwfL_10-00213-00082488-00082993 the coast for the winter following the plants’ production of edible nuts, seeds, and roots.
fss9kwfL_10-00214-00082993-00083383 The young boys hunt mice, rats, squirrels, rabbits, and other small game contributing
fss9kwfL_10-00215-00083383-00083552 to the family fare.
fss9kwfL_10-00216-00083552-00084011 On occasion the men will succeed in the hunt and provide meat from larger game.
fss9kwfL_10-00217-00084011-00084321 Now let’s consider loyalty in this context.
fss9kwfL_10-00218-00084321-00084733 If one does not take care of the other members of the group then one suffers in turn because
fss9kwfL_10-00219-00084733-00085052 they cannot or will not care for one in return.
fss9kwfL_10-00220-00085052-00085486 If a hunter does not share the kill, the others will not share their food with that hunter
fss9kwfL_10-00221-00085486-00085996 and as all hunters know, the hunt does not always succeed but the women almost always
fss9kwfL_10-00222-00085996-00086227 can gather at least some food.
fss9kwfL_10-00223-00086227-00086600 So there is little to no temptation to not share with the others.
fss9kwfL_10-00224-00086600-00086886 Other small groups of human beings are relatively far away.
fss9kwfL_10-00225-00086886-00087317 They don’t mind visiting and occasionally trading with your group, but other than one
fss9kwfL_10-00226-00087317-00087672 or more of the young men going off to find a group of women that will accept that man
fss9kwfL_10-00227-00087672-00088105 into their group, the chance to put some other group ahead of your extended family is not
fss9kwfL_10-00228-00088105-00088274 likely to arise.
fss9kwfL_10-00229-00088274-00088669 There is only one religion which all group members accept as a matter of course.
fss9kwfL_10-00230-00088669-00088986 There is only one occupation and no social classes.
fss9kwfL_10-00231-00088986-00089510 The need for and the opportunity for loyalty to be even thought of is slight.
fss9kwfL_10-00232-00089510-00090014 As the level of technology increases, the number of groups interacting with each other
fss9kwfL_10-00233-00090014-00090114 increases.
fss9kwfL_10-00234-00090114-00090384 With agriculture comes a greater division of labor.
fss9kwfL_10-00235-00090384-00090627 Some people are herdsmen (boys mostly).
fss9kwfL_10-00236-00090627-00090748 Others travel to trade.
fss9kwfL_10-00237-00090748-00090995 There are priests and sometimes fighters.
fss9kwfL_10-00238-00090995-00091458 Since towns or villages are coming to exist there now comes the opportunity for loyalty
fss9kwfL_10-00239-00091458-00091626 and disloyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00240-00091626-00092043 Conflict between hunting and gathering groups and the villagers is possible.
fss9kwfL_10-00241-00092043-00092222 Different villages have different religions.
fss9kwfL_10-00242-00092222-00092622 The number of things that people can be loyal to has greatly increased.
fss9kwfL_10-00243-00092622-00093051 One is now presented with choices between things that command loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00244-00093051-00093510 In most cases the decisions are easy and obvious and convention requires the choices that you
fss9kwfL_10-00245-00093510-00093610 make.
fss9kwfL_10-00246-00093610-00094095 But for a tiny proportion of the people something happens which results in a change in loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00247-00094095-00094563 Let us examine the story of Joseph in the Bible in which Joseph is attacked by his jealous
fss9kwfL_10-00248-00094563-00094901 brothers and is sold into slavery by those brothers.
fss9kwfL_10-00249-00094901-00095375 By the grace of God and because Joseph is loyal to God, Joseph rises to high station
fss9kwfL_10-00250-00095375-00095475 in Egypt.
fss9kwfL_10-00251-00095475-00095869 He is loyal to the Pharaoh and the people of Egypt replacing his loyalty to his family
fss9kwfL_10-00252-00095869-00095991 in Canaan.
fss9kwfL_10-00253-00095991-00096231 He takes a wife and has children by her.
fss9kwfL_10-00254-00096231-00096480 He has new loyalties now to them.
fss9kwfL_10-00255-00096480-00096895 But eventually his brothers come to him to buy food in a time of famine.
fss9kwfL_10-00256-00096895-00097307 Joseph gives them food without demanding to be paid for that food.
fss9kwfL_10-00257-00097307-00097730 In this story it is interesting to note that the sources of prosperity and a station in
fss9kwfL_10-00258-00097730-00097954 life come from the family.
fss9kwfL_10-00259-00097954-00098360 If it were not for God’s intervention on behalf of Joseph, Joseph would have remained
fss9kwfL_10-00260-00098360-00098541 a slave and prisoner.
fss9kwfL_10-00261-00098541-00098935 So loyalty to the family really was hardly a matter of choice.
fss9kwfL_10-00262-00098935-00099398 It was only when Joseph’s brothers came to him without recognizing him, of course,
fss9kwfL_10-00263-00099398-00099674 that Joseph remembered his original family loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00264-00099674-00100089 Until then, he had made no efforts to seek out his family in Canaan to share with them
fss9kwfL_10-00265-00100089-00100302 his new wealth and power.
fss9kwfL_10-00266-00100302-00100758 This story shows that opportunities to be disloyal were few in those times for the common
fss9kwfL_10-00267-00100758-00100858 man.
fss9kwfL_10-00268-00100858-00101291 It was only among the wealthy and powerful that loyalty could be an issue.
fss9kwfL_10-00269-00101291-00101718 We noted earlier that in the hunting-and-gathering groups there were no opportunities for loyalty
fss9kwfL_10-00270-00101718-00102153 since there were no groups, ideals, or religions competing for one’s loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00271-00102153-00102735 With the ordinary people of agricultural societies, one had few if any temptations to shift one’s
fss9kwfL_10-00272-00102735-00102835 loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00273-00102835-00103001 Women were confined within the family matrix.
fss9kwfL_10-00274-00103001-00103490 Men were similarly restricted in opportunities to “change sides” to serve other families
fss9kwfL_10-00275-00103490-00103658 or villages.
fss9kwfL_10-00276-00103658-00103923 Religious groups were not seeking converts like they do now.
fss9kwfL_10-00277-00103923-00104412 But, at the top levels in the agricultural societies among the rich and powerful, there
fss9kwfL_10-00278-00104412-00104852 were opportunities to pick and choose where one’s best interests could be found.
fss9kwfL_10-00279-00104852-00105295 If the ruler had more than one son then each son might be a center of power.
fss9kwfL_10-00280-00105295-00105758 If there were competing factions in the religious hierarchy, one might support one or another
fss9kwfL_10-00281-00105758-00105858 faction.
fss9kwfL_10-00282-00105858-00106151 Here we have officials whose support might be bought.
fss9kwfL_10-00283-00106151-00106533 Here the balance of power might be upset by a shift in loyalties.
fss9kwfL_10-00284-00106533-00106829 Armies have commanders whose allegiance might be bought.
fss9kwfL_10-00285-00106829-00107146 At this level, loyalty becomes an issue.
fss9kwfL_10-00286-00107146-00107553 With the advent of industrialization we get not only a huge increase in the division of
fss9kwfL_10-00287-00107553-00108033 labor but also a huge increase in the number of groups and associations both public and
fss9kwfL_10-00288-00108033-00108380 private and a mixing of religions and political factions.
fss9kwfL_10-00289-00108380-00108817 In an industrial economy, every group seems to need to recruit members.
fss9kwfL_10-00290-00108817-00109176 Now one has many competing attractions for one’s loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00291-00109176-00109388 Should one support this or that political party?
fss9kwfL_10-00292-00109388-00109654 Should one be loyal to a union or to a company?
fss9kwfL_10-00293-00109654-00109923 Should one be loyal to this church or that church?
fss9kwfL_10-00294-00109923-00110348 Should one be loyal to one’s spouse or to some other, more exciting love interest?
fss9kwfL_10-00295-00110348-00110586 Should one support this or that ideal?
fss9kwfL_10-00296-00110586-00111046 These days there are many bases for loyalty, many objects with different requirements for
fss9kwfL_10-00297-00111046-00111585 strength of loyalty, many objects of varying scope, many different degrees of legitimacy,
fss9kwfL_10-00298-00111585-00112030 and many different attitudes toward other people who do not share your loyalties.
fss9kwfL_10-00299-00112030-00112464 But why is loyalty important in an industrialized nation?
fss9kwfL_10-00300-00112464-00112912 Why is it so much more important for the common man or woman?
fss9kwfL_10-00301-00112912-00113360 Looking back to those previous times and different economies we can compare today’s situation
fss9kwfL_10-00302-00113360-00113572 with them and see patterns.
fss9kwfL_10-00303-00113572-00114115 First we note that loyalty is needed when there is a danger of some need not being met.
fss9kwfL_10-00304-00114115-00114666 Every group, every organization, every ideal and so on is in danger in an industrialized
fss9kwfL_10-00305-00114666-00114766 economy.
fss9kwfL_10-00306-00114766-00115222 The high rates of migration with industrialization bring disruption of groups.
fss9kwfL_10-00307-00115222-00115448 Organizations have to have money, a budget.
fss9kwfL_10-00308-00115448-00115967 If you use the internet you probably have been sent emails requesting a monetary contribution
fss9kwfL_10-00309-00115967-00116189 for some organization or other.
fss9kwfL_10-00310-00116189-00116517 Even ideals must be supported actively or be forgotten.
fss9kwfL_10-00311-00116517-00116909 There are so many groups, organizations, and ideals available to everyone that there is
fss9kwfL_10-00312-00116909-00117098 competition among them.
fss9kwfL_10-00313-00117098-00117475 Those groups and organizations which are most able to command the loyalty of their members
fss9kwfL_10-00314-00117475-00117767 are the most likely to survive and grow.
fss9kwfL_10-00315-00117767-00118300 Looking closer we find that money is involved in a high proportion of these loyalties.
fss9kwfL_10-00316-00118300-00118711 We have pointed out many times that money is amoral and can be taken from its owner
fss9kwfL_10-00317-00118711-00118879 against the will of the owner.
fss9kwfL_10-00318-00118879-00119322 We have shown that money relationships tend to be unstable because of the power imbalance
fss9kwfL_10-00319-00119322-00119528 in two-party interactions.
fss9kwfL_10-00320-00119528-00120104 And most important, we realize that the false simulation of a zero-sum game teaches people
fss9kwfL_10-00321-00120104-00120641 that everyone else can gain at their expense and the only way for one to gain is to get
fss9kwfL_10-00322-00120641-00120808 money from others.
fss9kwfL_10-00323-00120808-00121250 These consequences of the nature of money heighten the need for loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00324-00121250-00121688 For example, if you work for company A and are considering moving to work for company
fss9kwfL_10-00325-00121688-00122222 B you may be restricted by an agreement you signed promising not to reveal company A’s
fss9kwfL_10-00326-00122222-00122745 trade secrets to company B. You are bound to be loyal to company A by that nondisclosure
fss9kwfL_10-00327-00122745-00122851 agreement.
fss9kwfL_10-00328-00122851-00123292 The need for loyalty to be present is a consequence of the competition between companies A and
fss9kwfL_10-00329-00123292-00123882 B. If they were not rivals working against one another, if they were on the same side,
fss9kwfL_10-00330-00123882-00124060 loyalty would not be necessary.
fss9kwfL_10-00331-00124060-00124621 So following the example of that inter-company relationship, if we find conflict, competition,
fss9kwfL_10-00332-00124621-00125216 rivalry, or animosity between groups or organizations or the supporters of ideals then we will find
fss9kwfL_10-00333-00125216-00125651 a corresponding need for loyalty for those objects of loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00334-00125651-00126310 It is the fact of people working against each other that generates the need for loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00335-00126310-00126717 Remember those resources in short supply that spark the need for loyalty?
fss9kwfL_10-00336-00126717-00127198 Remember my noting that money always seems to be in short supply, even for the wealthy?
fss9kwfL_10-00337-00127198-00127647 So the nature of our money, the fact that our money is or represents physical objects
fss9kwfL_10-00338-00127647-00128214 and we treat even computerized bank accounts as if they held physical currency, that fact
fss9kwfL_10-00339-00128214-00128800 creates the impression in our industrial economies that we are rivals, competitors, with everyone
fss9kwfL_10-00340-00128800-00129289 in need of more money and with everyone trying to get money from everyone else.
fss9kwfL_10-00341-00129289-00129867 The nature of our POM is causing us to need and to require loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00342-00129867-00130341 But we wouldn’t need loyalty for most relationships if it were not for POM.
fss9kwfL_10-00343-00130341-00130848 Those hunting-and-gathering ancestors of ours did not have any use for or need for loyalty
fss9kwfL_10-00344-00130848-00131250 since they were not in competition for resources within the group.
fss9kwfL_10-00345-00131250-00131788 In agricultural societies like that of Joseph, there were few opportunities to develop loyalties
fss9kwfL_10-00346-00131788-00132174 because one had so few options or objects to give loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00347-00132174-00132721 Only at the top where POM was so much more important and frequently used was loyalty
fss9kwfL_10-00348-00132721-00132872 important.
fss9kwfL_10-00349-00132872-00133516 Ah, but in industrialized economies, POM is much more a part of daily life and others
fss9kwfL_10-00350-00133516-00133990 are far more likely to be seen as opponents, rivals, or competitors.
fss9kwfL_10-00351-00133990-00134575 Therefore loyalty is much more important and much more needed in industrial economies because
fss9kwfL_10-00352-00134575-00134820 they use POM so much.
fss9kwfL_10-00353-00134820-00135373 Conflict, such as that generated by POM, generates demands for loyalty.
fss9kwfL_10-00354-00135373-00135826 What would an economy based on non-POM be like with respect to loyalty?
fss9kwfL_10-00355-00135826-00135967 I’m glad you asked.
fss9kwfL_10-00356-00135967-00136408 I know it’s hard to imagine living a life with little stress, with almost no dangers
fss9kwfL_10-00357-00136408-00136732 from other people, having everyone be on your side.
fss9kwfL_10-00358-00136732-00137000 So let me try describing what it might be like.
fss9kwfL_10-00359-00137000-00137259 We’ll start with things close to home.
fss9kwfL_10-00360-00137259-00137790 If you have a spouse, that spouse is not dependent upon you for support with non-POM.
fss9kwfL_10-00361-00137790-00138207 If you have children they will not materially suffer from your absence.
fss9kwfL_10-00362-00138207-00138532 If you have aged parents, they can get along without you.
fss9kwfL_10-00363-00138532-00138965 If you abandon these, your family members, today, you would be considered to be disloyal
fss9kwfL_10-00364-00138965-00139114 to your family.
fss9kwfL_10-00365-00139114-00139489 But if they really don’t need you, it isn’t so bad that you leave.
fss9kwfL_10-00366-00139489-00139895 Yes, they’ll miss you and, if they love you, they may suffer considerable emotional
fss9kwfL_10-00367-00139895-00140024 distress.
fss9kwfL_10-00368-00140024-00140175 But they will get over your absence.
fss9kwfL_10-00369-00140175-00140547 On the other hand, there’s no pressure for you to leave.
fss9kwfL_10-00370-00140547-00140973 You don’t have to be replaced if you are not a good breadwinner or housekeeper.
fss9kwfL_10-00371-00140973-00141401 There’s no essential role for you to play other than just being yourself.
fss9kwfL_10-00372-00141401-00141983 Thus, family loyalty is not very important even though it’s very nice to have.
fss9kwfL_10-00373-00141983-00142211 What about loyalty to one’s spouse.
fss9kwfL_10-00374-00142211-00142673 For both good mental and physical health, one should be faithful to one’s spouse.
fss9kwfL_10-00375-00142673-00143062 If you can’t be faithful to that person you shouldn’t marry that person.
fss9kwfL_10-00376-00143062-00143479 If you cannot live up to your solemn oath to God and before all those witnesses, don’t
fss9kwfL_10-00377-00143479-00143579 take that oath.
fss9kwfL_10-00378-00143579-00144161 But that’s being faithful, which is slightly different from, though closely related to,
fss9kwfL_10-00379-00144161-00144736 being loyal: When it comes to spousal abuse, physically or mentally attacking one’s spouse…
fss9kwfL_10-00380-00144736-00144907 that is a loyalty issue.
fss9kwfL_10-00381-00144907-00145385 If one has taken an oath and signed a contract (which is what a marriage license represents)
fss9kwfL_10-00382-00145385-00145885 to take care of this person, harming them violates that oath and that agreement.
fss9kwfL_10-00383-00145885-00146238 It is being disloyal at a fundamental level.
fss9kwfL_10-00384-00146238-00146522 How is the nature of our money related to that?
fss9kwfL_10-00385-00146522-00146928 Will a non-POM economic system fix that problem?
fss9kwfL_10-00386-00146928-00147503 Non-POM will not fix such problems but it will cost the abuser future income.
fss9kwfL_10-00387-00147503-00147991 Remember that non-POM is earned on the basis of net benefits to others which are consequences
fss9kwfL_10-00388-00147991-00148155 of one’s actions.
fss9kwfL_10-00389-00148155-00148611 If one physically injures someone whether that someone is one’s spouse or not, that
fss9kwfL_10-00390-00148611-00148922 resultant harm reduces the net benefits.
fss9kwfL_10-00391-00148922-00149395 Verbal abuse does harm that is just as meaningful as physical abuse.
fss9kwfL_10-00392-00149395-00149721 Therefore these harms reduce one’s income.
fss9kwfL_10-00393-00149721-00150237 Such harming of others is a public matter so when such harms are detected they will
fss9kwfL_10-00394-00150237-00150522 be public knowledge available to everyone.
fss9kwfL_10-00395-00150522-00150980 So if one punches one’s spouse in the face that information will be a part of one’s
fss9kwfL_10-00396-00150980-00151110 reputation forever.
fss9kwfL_10-00397-00151110-00151587 That, also, will tend to reduce spousal abuse.
fss9kwfL_10-00398-00151587-00152111 Everything I just said about abusing one’s spouse applies with equal force to abuse of
fss9kwfL_10-00399-00152111-00152211 children.
fss9kwfL_10-00400-00152211-00152449 Next we have your loyalty to your employer.
fss9kwfL_10-00401-00152449-00152851 Well, you have no employer with non-POM.
fss9kwfL_10-00402-00152851-00153036 Everyone works for themselves.
fss9kwfL_10-00403-00153036-00153344 No one hires you or pays you to work for them.
fss9kwfL_10-00404-00153344-00153514 This is non-POM, remember?
fss9kwfL_10-00405-00153514-00153996 You may work with a set of people who cooperate with you to produce some benefits for others
fss9kwfL_10-00406-00153996-00154403 but you and they are not in competition with any other person or group.
fss9kwfL_10-00407-00154403-00154919 In fact, everyone else hopes for your success and will help you if they can.
fss9kwfL_10-00408-00154919-00155422 If you leave this work group you will be expected to be responsible so as to minimize the disruption
fss9kwfL_10-00409-00155422-00155825 of your departure, but you will not be considered to be disloyal.
fss9kwfL_10-00410-00155825-00156302 It will be assumed that you have found something even better to do to help people.
fss9kwfL_10-00411-00156302-00156449 No one will be angered.
fss9kwfL_10-00412-00156449-00156925 Thus loyalty to the people with whom one works is also unnecessary.
fss9kwfL_10-00413-00156925-00157487 If one is undependable, if one cannot be trusted to do what they say they will do, if one lies,
fss9kwfL_10-00414-00157487-00157902 that also becomes part of one’s reputation concerning work.
fss9kwfL_10-00415-00157902-00158347 Therefore everyone has a money incentive to be dependable, to do what they say they will
fss9kwfL_10-00416-00158347-00158611 do, and to tell the truth as they know it.
fss9kwfL_10-00417-00158611-00158886 Fraud does not work with non-POM.
fss9kwfL_10-00418-00158886-00159427 Also, since everybody is on the same side, is working together in cooperation, there
fss9kwfL_10-00419-00159427-00159923 is no “other” in favor of whom one could betray those with whom one works.
fss9kwfL_10-00420-00159923-00160441 There are no business secrets because everyone benefits when good ideas are shared, especially
fss9kwfL_10-00421-00160441-00160739 the folks who came up with the good ideas.
fss9kwfL_10-00422-00160739-00161290 With respect to one’s religion, non-POM supports everyone regardless of faith.
fss9kwfL_10-00423-00161290-00161745 Therefore whatever your religion, you will be free to practice it as you choose.
fss9kwfL_10-00424-00161745-00162210 Of course, if that practice harms others (such as sacrificing virgins to appease the god
fss9kwfL_10-00425-00162210-00162573 of the volcano) that harm will cost you future income.
fss9kwfL_10-00426-00162573-00163079 But that’s not specific to religious practices: that’s a general rule.
fss9kwfL_10-00427-00163079-00163601 On the other hand, if almost everyone views some behavior as sacrilegious or as a desecration,
fss9kwfL_10-00428-00163601-00164107 then that behavior will be judged as causing harm and will cost one future income.
fss9kwfL_10-00429-00164107-00164613 It will not matter whether that public sentiment is correct or true and such sentiments may
fss9kwfL_10-00430-00164613-00165108 change over time as has been the case in the U.S. with respect to women voting.
fss9kwfL_10-00431-00165108-00165641 When such changes in sentiment or opinion take place, the non-POM changes in what consequences
fss9kwfL_10-00432-00165641-00165889 earn or fail to earn non-POM.
fss9kwfL_10-00433-00165889-00166338 This adjustment is automatic and cannot be controlled by anyone or any organization.
fss9kwfL_10-00434-00166338-00166522 It will just happen.
fss9kwfL_10-00435-00166522-00167022 This is due to the nature of free markets which constitute the fundamental basis of
fss9kwfL_10-00436-00167022-00167165 non-POM.
fss9kwfL_10-00437-00167165-00167586 Loyalty to one’s religion will be rather painless as a consequence.
fss9kwfL_10-00438-00167586-00167926 Religious practices which benefit others will be rewarded.
fss9kwfL_10-00439-00167926-00168304 Religious practices which harm others will tend to be adjusted or modified in ways that
fss9kwfL_10-00440-00168304-00168817 reduce the harm since doing so will earn money.
fss9kwfL_10-00441-00168817-00169230 Loyalty to one’s government or political party will be virtually eliminated as government
fss9kwfL_10-00442-00169230-00169485 ceases to be a significant factor.
fss9kwfL_10-00443-00169485-00169876 With non-POM government has no money and controls no money.
fss9kwfL_10-00444-00169876-00170297 One does not give money to government and one cannot get money from government.
fss9kwfL_10-00445-00170297-00170479 So who cares what government does?
fss9kwfL_10-00446-00170479-00170698 There is no law because no law is needed.
fss9kwfL_10-00447-00170698-00171172 The law will be irrelevant, immaterial, an anachronism which non-POM has dumped into
fss9kwfL_10-00448-00171172-00171710 the dust-bin of history along with sacrificing virgins to the god of the volcano.
fss9kwfL_10-00449-00171710-00172205 The lack of competition, opposition, rivalry, and of people working against other people
fss9kwfL_10-00450-00172205-00172789 will make loyalty unimportant in most situations because it will serve no purpose; just like
fss9kwfL_10-00451-00172789-00173034 in the days of hunting and gathering.
fss9kwfL_10-00452-00173034-00173599 Being good to the people around you will become the most obvious way to benefit oneself, thus
fss9kwfL_10-00453-00173599-00173848 will life with non-POM be greatly improved.
ft5CrPkbqGU-00000-00000000-00000200 I've been dare
ft5CrPkbqGU-00001-00000300-00000475 to toss a knife
ft5CrPkbqGU-00002-00000475-00000675 at my *characters*
ft5CrPkbqGU-00003-00000836-00001036 I had no choice... 
ft5CrPkbqGU-00004-00001036-00001236 I must do it
ft5CrPkbqGU-00005-00001500-00001605 Let's Go
ft5CrPkbqGU-00006-00001875-00002050 Double Kill
ft5CrPkbqGU-00007-00002050-00002250 Triple Kill
ft5CrPkbqGU-00008-00002250-00002450 ACE
ft5CrPkbqGU-00009-00002926-00003794 LOW QUALITY INTRO
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ft5CrPkbqGU-00011-00004184-00004275 *mouse click*
ft5CrPkbqGU-00012-00004397-00004457 Bruh
ft5CrPkbqGU-00013-00004457-00004657 Look at this dude
ft5CrPkbqGU-00014-00004657-00004857 Beetch What The Fuq
ft5CrPkbqGU-00015-00004857-00004986 what the fuq
ft5CrPkbqGU-00016-00004986-00005090 wakawak 
ft5CrPkbqGU-00017-00005090-00005228 Boi you scared
ft5CrPkbqGU-00018-00005228-00005318 1v1 me beetch
ft5CrPkbqGU-00019-00005318-00005586 Oh sheet what is that   I'm fast as fuq boi
ft5CrPkbqGU-00020-00005611-00005786 who are you
ft5CrPkbqGU-00021-00005868-00006027 Hold up, wait a minute
ft5CrPkbqGU-00022-00006027-00006198 Something ain't right
ft5CrPkbqGU-00023-00006198-00006896 *Tyler scream noise*
ft5CrPkbqGU-00024-00006896-00007139 Yoooooo
ft5CrPkbqGU-00025-00007139-00007364 Yooo holy sheet, he ded
ft5CrPkbqGU-00026-00007364-00007461 HELP ME
ft5CrPkbqGU-00027-00007461-00007641 You are fuqing   You fuqing
ft5CrPkbqGU-00028-00007641-00007871 Fuqing you  You fuqing bladdy
ft5CrPkbqGU-00029-00007871-00007968 bastard beetch
ft5CrPkbqGU-00030-00007968-00008121 fuqing you   you you
ft5CrPkbqGU-00031-00008289-00008476 fuqing mader fuqing beetch
ft5CrPkbqGU-00032-00008476-00008618 wait a minute
ft5CrPkbqGU-00033-00008618-00008799 Do you remember us
ft5CrPkbqGU-00034-00008799-00008920 We have Son now
ft5CrPkbqGU-00035-00008920-00009114 Oh HELL NO
ft5CrPkbqGU-00036-00009215-00009430 AhhhHUHUHUI
ft5CrPkbqGU-00037-00009496-00009663 Fast as fuq boi
ft5CrPkbqGU-00038-00009663-00009810 WSSHHHHH
ft5CrPkbqGU-00039-00009810-00009937 WSSHHHHH   Saiyaku da
ft5CrPkbqGU-00040-00010003-00010158 AHHHHHHHHHH 
ft5CrPkbqGU-00041-00010158-00010237 OHH OHH OH MY GOD
ft5CrPkbqGU-00042-00010237-00010315 OHH OHH OH MY GOD   SHOTGUN
ft5CrPkbqGU-00043-00010315-00010578 OHH OHH OH MY GOD
ft5CrPkbqGU-00044-00010578-00010775 OHH OHH OH MY GOD  Are you recording, Are you recording
ft5CrPkbqGU-00045-00010775-00011320 OHH OHH OHH OHHHHH
ft5CrPkbqGU-00046-00011320-00011597 REEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
ft5CrPkbqGU-00047-00011597-00011775 Idunno know AHHHHHH
ft5CrPkbqGU-00048-00011775-00011951 you better stop STOP
ft5CrPkbqGU-00049-00011951-00012019 Bomb has been planted
ft5CrPkbqGU-00050-00012019-00012116 BOOM
ft5CrPkbqGU-00051-00012415-00012615 BEGONE
ft5CrPkbqGU-00052-00012615-00012818 AHHHUHUHUI  HAHAHA WTF
ft5CrPkbqGU-00053-00012818-00012920 Enemy spotted
ft5CrPkbqGU-00054-00012920-00013053 Dont fuq with me
ft5CrPkbqGU-00055-00013053-00013296 I have the power of God and Anime on my side 
ft5CrPkbqGU-00056-00013296-00013493 Ahhh That's Good
ft5CrPkbqGU-00057-00013493-00013684 ohhh HOT HOT HOT
ft5CrPkbqGU-00058-00013684-00013853 huuwhahhahahaha
ft5CrPkbqGU-00059-00013853-00013903 Nope
ft5CrPkbqGU-00060-00013903-00014127 congratulations, you played yourself
ft5CrPkbqGU-00061-00014127-00014229 Bomb has been planted
ft5CrPkbqGU-00062-00014229-00014296 Another One
ft5CrPkbqGU-00063-00014296-00014397 Bomb has been planted
ft5CrPkbqGU-00064-00014500-00014700 Are you ready kids
ft5CrPkbqGU-00065-00015079-00015199 OUUHHHH
ft5CrPkbqGU-00066-00015199-00015289 Fuq
ft5CrPkbqGU-00067-00015289-00015631 *SCREAMING NOISE*
ft5CrPkbqGU-00068-00015631-00015822 That turns me on
ft5CrPkbqGU-00069-00015822-00016052 Ahhh Thats Good
ft5CrPkbqGU-00070-00016052-00016247 Dude stop let me go
ft5CrPkbqGU-00071-00016382-00016551 DUDE!!!
ft5CrPkbqGU-00072-00016551-00016676 LET ME GO
ft5CrPkbqGU-00073-00016676-00016752 WEEEEE
ft5CrPkbqGU-00074-00016752-00016867 WEEEEE   What is that
ft5CrPkbqGU-00075-00016867-00016952 HAHAHAHA
ft5CrPkbqGU-00076-00016952-00017126 Oh sheet what is that
ft5CrPkbqGU-00077-00017126-00017455 this could be your phys-ed cheat on your man homie
ft5CrPkbqGU-00078-00017455-00017650 AGHHH I tried to sneak through the (door) *stair* man
ft5CrPkbqGU-00079-00017650-00017853 can't make it, can't make it, the sh*t's stuck
ft5CrPkbqGU-00080-00017853-00017994 outta my way son!
ft5CrPkbqGU-00081-00017994-00018231 DOOR STUCK! DOOR STUCK!
ft5CrPkbqGU-00082-00018231-00018369 wa hah   what was that
ft5CrPkbqGU-00083-00018369-00019019 wa hah
ft5CrPkbqGU-00084-00019019-00019246 Why are we still here
ft5CrPkbqGU-00085-00019305-00019355 yah~
ft5CrPkbqGU-00086-00019407-00019500 you what
ft5CrPkbqGU-00087-00019583-00019756 kisama no kobushi datto
ft5CrPkbqGU-00088-00019983-00020201 HE'S CHEATING, HE'S CHEATING
ft5CrPkbqGU-00089-00020479-00020640 Kono yarou   I'm fuqing dead dude
ft5CrPkbqGU-00090-00020964-00021051 ouuf 
ft5CrPkbqGU-00091-00021238-00021431 WOW
ft5CrPkbqGU-00092-00021471-00021738 We tired of playing with your ass *n*
ft5CrPkbqGU-00093-00021738-00021963 Today your ass is going die b*tch
ft5CrPkbqGU-00094-00021963-00022238 *risitas laughs*
ft5CrPkbqGU-00095-00022238-00022344 *risitas laughs*   ONE
ft5CrPkbqGU-00096-00022344-00022463 *risitas laughs*   TWO
ft5CrPkbqGU-00097-00022463-00022575 *risitas laughs*   THREE
ft5CrPkbqGU-00098-00022575-00022746 *risitas laughs*
ft5CrPkbqGU-00099-00022746-00022841 *risitas laughs*   GAME SET
ft5CrPkbqGU-00100-00022841-00022924 *risitas laughs*
ft5CrPkbqGU-00101-00023045-00023135 Yah
ft5CrPkbqGU-00102-00023135-00023202 Oh No
ft5CrPkbqGU-00103-00023202-00023395 Ahh shaight RUN
ft5CrPkbqGU-00104-00023619-00023819 Wait a Minute
ft5CrPkbqGU-00105-00023857-00024047 IT WAS THIS MOMENT THAT HE KNEW
ft5CrPkbqGU-00106-00024084-00024223 HE FUQ UP
ft5CrPkbqGU-00107-00024617-00024820 REEEEEEEEEE
ft5CrPkbqGU-00108-00024820-00024996 WHAT IS THAT
ft5CrPkbqGU-00109-00024996-00025214 Oh sheet what is that
ft5CrPkbqGU-00110-00025214-00025451 Damn son where'd you find this
ft5CrPkbqGU-00111-00026376-00026507 oh fuq
ft5CrPkbqGU-00112-00026507-00026667 I cant believe you've done this
ft5CrPkbqGU-00113-00026667-00026832 Look at this dude
ft5CrPkbqGU-00114-00027179-00027334 no no no no
ft5CrPkbqGU-00115-00027334-00027451 oh ho ho ho
ft5CrPkbqGU-00116-00028174-00028262 HI
ft5CrPkbqGU-00117-00028262-00028363 YAMERO
ft5CrPkbqGU-00118-00028574-00028826 Hold up, wait a minute
ft5CrPkbqGU-00119-00028826-00028959 Something ain't right
ft5CrPkbqGU-00120-00028959-00029269 *among us reference*
ft5CrPkbqGU-00121-00029269-00029477 wait a minute 
ft5CrPkbqGU-00122-00029477-00029671 who are you
ft5CrPkbqGU-00123-00029671-00029851 Listen wait wait wait   BEGONE
ft5CrPkbqGU-00124-00029851-00030127 ARRGGGGHHHHHHHHHHH
ft5CrPkbqGU-00125-00030143-00030266 Hey stinky
ft5CrPkbqGU-00126-00030266-00030479 ARRRGGGGHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
ft5CrPkbqGU-00127-00030479-00030692 OH MY FUQING GHAD
ft5CrPkbqGU-00128-00030735-00030870 ouuf
ft5CrPkbqGU-00129-00030870-00031048 OUUUUUUUUUUUHHHFFF
ft5CrPkbqGU-00130-00031561-00031761 サムイ
ft5CrPkbqGU-00131-00031761-00031951 もすこしがんばって
ft5CrPkbqGU-00132-00032000-00032200 ああ
ft5CrPkbqGU-00133-00032225-00032425 あれ わ。 ひ
ft5CrPkbqGU-00134-00032468-00032745 ああ
ft5CrPkbqGU-00135-00033719-00033970 ahh sheet, here we go again
ft5CrPkbqGU-00136-00034000-00034165 *mouse click*
ft5CrPkbqGU-00137-00034165-00034579 yes, YES, YEEEESSSSSS
ft5CrPkbqGU-00138-00034615-00034882 ahh hahaha Its ya boi
ft5CrPkbqGU-00139-00034905-00035105 Uh oh
fwdJekVJRou-00000-00000936-00001920 hello this is the 22nd point class of LBallet and you see the dancers behind me it's esme
fwdJekVJRou-00001-00002016-00003104 and smile sarah isis sana and ezra the last one we start with two hands at the bar in a slow
fwdJekVJRou-00002-00003104-00004168 three-quarter measure going to the front and plie bending the legs and stretch on the point
fwdJekVJRou-00003-00004168-00005224 closing other leg front side side back back dummy plie going over the feet
fwdJekVJRou-00004-00005280-00006480 stretch the insides to your armpits stay three quarter foot and going up and hold the me plie
fwdJekVJRou-00005-00006536-00007288 turn to your left ear because that's the air of the first leg you start with going down going down
fwdJekVJRou-00006-00007344-00008200 releve you are allowed to hold the bar but then take balance when you feel you are safe going on
fwdJekVJRou-00007-00008200-00008704 try to lift your arms and your back and your back is sloping forward
fwdJekVJRou-00008-00008872-00009568 don't be too near to the bar but elbows really down and opening the shoulders
fwdJekVJRou-00009-00009840-00010216 and the one two three one
fwdJekVJRou-00010-00011080-00012176 and one and plea and stretch close other leg out
fwdJekVJRou-00011-00012760-00013784 try to roll up your foot out please and stretch on the nose of the shoe
fwdJekVJRou-00012-00013912-00015104 and one please hold your instep very stretch nice meal close and to the back open your knee
fwdJekVJRou-00013-00015104-00015928 like in an attitude and point close one
fwdJekVJRou-00014-00016240-00016840 that's the side of your big toe and close the me plie
fwdJekVJRou-00015-00016904-00018168 going over the foot stretch the insides of your thighs and three quarter foot and up holding
fwdJekVJRou-00016-00018896-00020528 hanging and rolling up your shoe is not well at your foot the right one is sickling in
fwdJekVJRou-00017-00021024-00021272 the tailbone to the front my dears
fwdJekVJRou-00018-00021736-00022840 and coming up don't get with your heels out of each other and go up and up and stay
fwdJekVJRou-00019-00023176-00023352 if you can you go up
fwdJekVJRou-00020-00023608-00023848 nice hold your back hold your back you feel it
fwdJekVJRou-00021-00025088-00025904 yeah it's only because you are this little bit higher than the the the leaning backwards is
fwdJekVJRou-00022-00025904-00026592 is exaggerating so stay yes you should pull your shoe a little more there
fwdJekVJRou-00023-00026727-00027568 you you are a little bit sickled in in the shoe okay we have in every position so in
fwdJekVJRou-00024-00027568-00028320 first in second and fourth cross to the front and in fifth two times grand plie
fwdJekVJRou-00025-00028320-00029272 the second complier goes up on le v armin first de me plie roll
fwdJekVJRou-00026-00029448-00030472 and de me plie releve then you are moved then you can exercise really not leaning back with your
fwdJekVJRou-00027-00030472-00031416 back because then you are falling if you can leave the bar the plie turned you the same in second in
fwdJekVJRou-00028-00031416-00032639 fourth and fifth in the fifth down two three three two two three down two three susuhu turn arm up
fwdJekVJRou-00029-00032712-00033536 and up the me play to the first and then we start from the top so realize when you are on point
fwdJekVJRou-00030-00033656-00034656 they are seldom people who can stay on point 180 degrees turned out that sell them
fwdJekVJRou-00031-00034752-00035680 especially on the full holiday so you have to correct your back a little more forward
fwdJekVJRou-00032-00035816-00036336 because when you stay with your back on the same spot you're falling backward
fwdJekVJRou-00033-00036416-00037208 so on points really be very careful for you the holding of your back please paul
fwdJekVJRou-00034-00037896-00039384 and one opening three four one two don't hurry
fwdJekVJRou-00035-00040032-00040784 and try to move up and there we go if you can
fwdJekVJRou-00036-00041104-00041160 please
fwdJekVJRou-00037-00041424-00042912 one two three out and it's the little finger that is out of the arms and reliving on first
fwdJekVJRou-00038-00043072-00044280 do me plie and relax the ankles as her relaxing really relaxing arm goes up opening the legs
fwdJekVJRou-00039-00044424-00045176 pull them open some plie and forth really crossing
fwdJekVJRou-00040-00045640-00045952 and one two
fwdJekVJRou-00041-00046216-00047232 really hold your arm cross the falls dummy plie and opening dummy plie stay
fwdJekVJRou-00042-00047336-00049184 and arm if you can multi-turn out please nice and two keep your score shoulder square yeah
fwdJekVJRou-00043-00050128-00051560 both legs both legs no no plie for and now we turn it could have been as may but it isn't please
fwdJekVJRou-00044-00051808-00052712 relax the ankle yes three and four openings i'm not leaning back
fwdJekVJRou-00045-00053320-00053776 up to me please starting at the insides of your
fwdJekVJRou-00046-00053832-00054472 thighs together with the three-quarter foot push from the heel and going up
fwdJekVJRou-00047-00054744-00056184 nice opening opening yeah yeah the last one was correct
fwdJekVJRou-00048-00056879-00058128 and me please push from the heel to me please and opening the hips yes
fwdJekVJRou-00049-00058448-00060384 yeah now you have it and one i think even half a centimeter more
fwdJekVJRou-00050-00060664-00061536 nice yeah you start to manage and up open the legs
fwdJekVJRou-00051-00061696-00063184 turn your front and back together at the same time one
fwdJekVJRou-00052-00063608-00064688 and open both legs and up crossing the legs really crossing the sides and opening turn
fwdJekVJRou-00053-00064855-00066120 arm goes up and stay holding stay take your balance feel the legs open to your armpits
fwdJekVJRou-00054-00066312-00067680 beautiful open and nice yes ezra you start to manage to relax the ankles yeah and it's
fwdJekVJRou-00055-00067680-00068608 much more comfortable but you are even more sure then in your balance yeah okay but mom don't you
fwdJekVJRou-00056-00068752-00069640 starting from the first position so now we are going to make the releve
fwdJekVJRou-00057-00069736-00070664 not out of the plie but starting from stretched legs up that means that you have to roll
fwdJekVJRou-00058-00070728-00071712 up your whole foot but not pinching the sole try not to pinch the saw but try to strap
fwdJekVJRou-00059-00071712-00072656 to stretch all that little bones of your inside instep out of each other so every going up is
fwdJekVJRou-00060-00072656-00074064 going from stretched legs we have one and the two and one and two inside leg allen j going
fwdJekVJRou-00061-00074256-00075336 please to the front doing the same twice outside leg and close in the closing from the inside
fwdJekVJRou-00062-00075336-00076360 unknown j and you see first and so your arm is going to help you please the same to the back
fwdJekVJRou-00063-00076360-00077248 so closing his arm here arm starts to pick your legs up so there's a little help from your arm
fwdJekVJRou-00064-00077328-00078416 then we have the back and then we have going plie and up plie and up plie
fwdJekVJRou-00065-00078488-00079984 down you pivots on the jamba close first okay one two three one two three and it's really easy
fwdJekVJRou-00066-00080320-00080968 open to the sides out on the nose close
fwdJekVJRou-00067-00081304-00081520 the bottom of the arm inside leg
fwdJekVJRou-00068-00081664-00082784 our laundry i'm picking up i want to see the rock the rolling movement and the sole of the shoe
fwdJekVJRou-00069-00083136-00083176 one
fwdJekVJRou-00070-00083456-00084552 rolling movement please feel the inside shoulder oh you can be straighter
fwdJekVJRou-00071-00084624-00085744 and hold it straight that's better rolling up plie really up going plie
fwdJekVJRou-00072-00085744-00087152 very aware of the sole of your foot plie tall you want pivot run the jump and close going on and one
fwdJekVJRou-00073-00087584-00088680 lift your diaphragm over the front side the backside over the front sides down nice
fwdJekVJRou-00074-00088928-00089352 not pulling the hip back as may further away you can do more
fwdJekVJRou-00075-00089440-00090232 going out opening the legs and lift your back side over the front side
fwdJekVJRou-00076-00090232-00091184 and one nice and open the shoulder get the armpit right to the side
fwdJekVJRou-00077-00091848-00093184 rolling the soles of your feet and rolling good son up and rolling ants out ends on the jump
fwdJekVJRou-00078-00093624-00094240 yeah you remember i told you about the diaphragm so the back side
fwdJekVJRou-00079-00094304-00095024 is in the anatomy lower than the front side and you try to get the back side of your diaphragm
fwdJekVJRou-00080-00095080-00095624 over the front side and i think that will help you is this because you have a long back
fwdJekVJRou-00081-00095712-00096320 yeah little people to be little in dance is much more easier
fwdJekVJRou-00082-00096408-00097080 yeah yeah look that's what i mean and when you go on point now go on point and leave the bar
fwdJekVJRou-00083-00097328-00097992 over lifting over lifting oh yes that's what i mean this millimeter that makes it yes
fwdJekVJRou-00084-00098064-00099440 okay starting from fifth the mountain view on the up beat west batman and we have and one and
fwdJekVJRou-00085-00099504-00100808 to closing back and now close wait one moment closing front and back inside leg close plie
fwdJekVJRou-00086-00101600-00102296 the first doesn't change the second changes with the arm small arabesque and
fwdJekVJRou-00087-00103424-00104359 four times to the front four times to the back one time immediately turning
fwdJekVJRou-00088-00104456-00105183 searching for balance opening the legs when you are in fifth on point can you
fwdJekVJRou-00089-00105272-00106240 do it sunny you have tights can you please go on soon yes and now really it's not pinching the
fwdJekVJRou-00090-00106240-00106968 thighs at the inside it is crossing but opening towards your armpits and now leave the bar
fwdJekVJRou-00091-00107056-00107632 hold it hold it look that's nicely when you look from the side her
fwdJekVJRou-00092-00107711-00108496 her leg has one line to the armpit so opening opening looks she's using her inside muscles
fwdJekVJRou-00093-00108496-00109200 we can see them yeah that's what i want to see when you pinch them together you turn in
fwdJekVJRou-00094-00109328-00110280 when you pinch you turn in and when you open them to the armpits you turn out and then you
fwdJekVJRou-00095-00110280-00111048 do not need your ankles to do something so do not shift your ankles to the front when you come
fwdJekVJRou-00096-00111048-00111928 down in the plie the ankles are going down where your size and your turn out makes you going down
fwdJekVJRou-00097-00112176-00112568 okay and one and two
fwdJekVJRou-00098-00113111-00114264 up really crossing the first doesn't change the second dust small pose plie
fwdJekVJRou-00099-00114368-00115376 on the spot and one and the first doesn't change with our small
fwdJekVJRou-00100-00115544-00116744 plie on the spot now we are going to travel up please the noses of your shoes very close
fwdJekVJRou-00101-00116744-00117480 to each other yes that's good mail and close more crossing as me cross
fwdJekVJRou-00102-00117696-00118104 and nice going
fwdJekVJRou-00103-00118592-00119904 another eight counts one hold two balance opening the legs holding beautiful holding two three plea
fwdJekVJRou-00104-00120056-00120728 and the one this was wonderful too and with arm
fwdJekVJRou-00105-00120935-00120976 point
fwdJekVJRou-00106-00121424-00122896 and one really a viper with on plie up from two heels going forwards
fwdJekVJRou-00107-00123032-00123688 so the moving from the spots happens when you go up not when you go down
fwdJekVJRou-00108-00123952-00124783 you are almost in the camera and up down yes on both legs
fwdJekVJRou-00109-00125152-00126024 and another eight counts and one stay feel your fifth do you have to dance in your thighs
fwdJekVJRou-00110-00126096-00126464 lifting the back to your back
fwdJekVJRou-00111-00126744-00127711 nice yes yes now i know you are right on your balance easies because i see the shifting in
fwdJekVJRou-00112-00127711-00128592 your ankles and that's fine so never have the illusion that you can stand be still
fwdJekVJRou-00113-00128688-00129728 you cannot have a working in belly in belly when you are in a pose you are always moving
fwdJekVJRou-00114-00129816-00130383 and always moving stretching stretching more away more away from the pelvis okay
fwdJekVJRou-00115-00131112-00131832 and we have and one and two the third employee
fwdJekVJRou-00116-00131832-00132392 extraordinaire on the flat foot on the whole foot and out
fwdJekVJRou-00117-00132648-00133616 hold please inside leg and two in placer liquid play out and up
fwdJekVJRou-00118-00133704-00134352 hold and down back front plie derive
fwdJekVJRou-00119-00134560-00136144 up holding in up down i have to look no paddy bray and up to the front up to the back up to the side
fwdJekVJRou-00120-00136144-00137272 so you should other side one and two and plie could play out and up stay plie back
fwdJekVJRou-00121-00137816-00138816 holding the arm in first to the bar and changing questions clear really clear
fwdJekVJRou-00122-00139024-00139368 no dots okay there we go
fwdJekVJRou-00123-00139832-00140184 and one and two and please
fwdJekVJRou-00124-00141408-00141584 from plie
fwdJekVJRou-00125-00142704-00145160 and yes nice please out and up inside leg going to the front going to the back
fwdJekVJRou-00126-00145216-00145688 turn to the side let me do it again and once more one two
fwdJekVJRou-00127-00146928-00147184 and
fwdJekVJRou-00128-00147512-00149984 and in to the front holder up up down and one plie to go up out and to go up to go down
fwdJekVJRou-00129-00151288-00151704 isn't that fun yeah you see now we have this different
fwdJekVJRou-00130-00151768-00152472 phrasing different rhythms in the legs and then it gets it gets a happy exercise you can
fwdJekVJRou-00131-00152536-00153376 do your full pad second making it up up down turning yeah
fwdJekVJRou-00132-00153584-00153616 okay
fwdJekVJRou-00133-00154104-00154512 taking from fifth position the preparation
fwdJekVJRou-00134-00154512-00155584 to the side we have one two three one two three one two three two the sides
fwdJekVJRou-00135-00156176-00158408 finish to the sides please up and up and up and why wait wait yeah and pick a turn so the retiree
fwdJekVJRou-00136-00158408-00159528 comes from derriere to the me plie other side and four inside on the downside plea to the front one
fwdJekVJRou-00137-00159664-00160680 two and up and up and up turning you pull your knee can you show it please sir
fwdJekVJRou-00138-00160816-00161568 up now the knee is bringing you to the other side yes and then closing preparation
fwdJekVJRou-00139-00161744-00162664 is it clear it's rather complicated now but we do the same exercises next week so we have two
fwdJekVJRou-00140-00162664-00163328 weeks to work on them also at home because it is really complicated but it gets fun now it's not
fwdJekVJRou-00141-00163328-00164280 so boring anymore i'd like to have you light okay one two three one it's all not too quick
fwdJekVJRou-00142-00165216-00166936 and one to the side to the sides sides and to the sides side finish alas on the plie front up
fwdJekVJRou-00143-00167024-00169024 and pk and pk and go and turn preparation go on not crossing over energy to the sides one two
fwdJekVJRou-00144-00169168-00170360 three to the side plie front up two three up two three up two three pk turn
fwdJekVJRou-00145-00170616-00171744 and finish you are the one who knows the best that the grand jumbo pate finishes in alaska
fwdJekVJRou-00146-00171848-00172384 where were you confused because of the order of the step
fwdJekVJRou-00147-00172768-00173504 yeah you have no time you have to go on now and i force you to go on so you have to
fwdJekVJRou-00148-00173584-00174488 think on forehand when you start to think when you are doing things then you are always too late and
fwdJekVJRou-00149-00174488-00175272 that's the difficult thing for you i know you like to think why while when you are doing it already
fwdJekVJRou-00150-00175272-00175920 but you have to think before like driving a car looking in the mirror and then you know oh i can
fwdJekVJRou-00151-00175920-00176936 turn to the to the right side or to the left okay the hrp on one leg like we did last week
fwdJekVJRou-00152-00177016-00178080 and that's one going down and certainly could be i want you to push off with the most energy from
fwdJekVJRou-00153-00178080-00178904 your working leg so when i'm going on my right leg the relive on my right leg is made by the sole
fwdJekVJRou-00154-00178904-00179912 of my left foot and i have to see that down out in the second and the in and close out and two and
fwdJekVJRou-00155-00179912-00180864 up on one leg up on one leg up on two and then the other side and we do it four times when ezra
fwdJekVJRou-00156-00180960-00181544 you can try with the double making a full turn on the org
fwdJekVJRou-00157-00181672-00182664 so the third time because you have no points out one two three four now you turn a full up
fwdJekVJRou-00158-00182760-00183640 down if you can you do another one but it's not necessary you can do out and close yeah okay
fwdJekVJRou-00159-00184080-00184184 lifting the back
fwdJekVJRou-00160-00184464-00184600 and out please
fwdJekVJRou-00161-00184840-00186384 and out leave nice eases and out up down up down up nice and then you can close behind us
fwdJekVJRou-00162-00186488-00187784 yes feel all these little bones in the instep out of each other and stretch nice plie and one
fwdJekVJRou-00163-00188696-00189440 one now hold the left ankle sarah over the outside of the left foot in the plie
fwdJekVJRou-00164-00189560-00189768 over the outside yes that's better
fwdJekVJRou-00165-00189992-00190800 thank you yeah you feel yeah because my dears it's i think the people at home also we all want
fwdJekVJRou-00166-00190800-00191640 to have this 180 degrees turned out but when we we look at dancers also professional dancers there is
fwdJekVJRou-00167-00191720-00192736 almost never somebody who is because our our our anatomy is not built like that but we wanted so we
fwdJekVJRou-00168-00192736-00193672 love to be yeah and then we are trying to get it out of other ligaments so it is not nice to turn
fwdJekVJRou-00169-00193672-00194264 here and not to have this on the floor you have to go down really with the whole food on the floor
fwdJekVJRou-00170-00194264-00195072 because you are lifting your full body weight on one on two toes if you are lucky on three
fwdJekVJRou-00171-00195072-00195776 if you are only unlucky only you have only one toe to balance on and i don't know your weight
fwdJekVJRou-00172-00195776-00197008 but it's all on this one so it's heavy okay we have the adagio starting a little from the bar
fwdJekVJRou-00173-00197136-00198504 and uh attitude quasi-derived up on the nose three four getting the leg and [ __ ] in
fwdJekVJRou-00174-00198576-00200832 you turn you close and turn back and one two three four one two three and four and one two
fwdJekVJRou-00175-00200832-00201832 three hold two three stay stay and that's not stay standing being quiet and still but moving
fwdJekVJRou-00176-00201832-00203064 up holding on five is possibly on six you turn on seven you pull you you take your foot very
fwdJekVJRou-00177-00203064-00204056 carefully across the supporting leg down in fifth and then you turn and the end is territory one
fwdJekVJRou-00178-00204144-00204840 a la second shoulders in front of the hips closing in front developing to the front
fwdJekVJRou-00179-00204919-00206304 to the front closing on three and step back so the last movement is really you you are here and
fwdJekVJRou-00180-00206304-00207288 the back so going down on your front leg yes okay so be a little bit away from the bar
fwdJekVJRou-00181-00207880-00208784 one two three one two three
fwdJekVJRou-00182-00209248-00209519 look forward and
fwdJekVJRou-00183-00209744-00210184 and moving holding lifting beautiful
fwdJekVJRou-00184-00210376-00211271 and one and turn closing carefully uh
fwdJekVJRou-00185-00211488-00211808 to the sides holding
fwdJekVJRou-00186-00211960-00213471 holding and finish to the front one and out good easy it is beautiful really please and to the go
fwdJekVJRou-00187-00213680-00214608 hold yeah hold your stomach on turn the knee
fwdJekVJRou-00188-00214880-00215352 finish really in fifth closing and
fwdJekVJRou-00189-00215752-00216328 yes sitting bones are equal goods now i'm curious
fwdJekVJRou-00190-00217119-00217552 and step back thank you very much
fwdJekVJRou-00191-00217776-00218480 uh-huh yeah now you notice when you are stretched and you are really well placed now
fwdJekVJRou-00192-00218480-00218871 then you you you notice that your leg is going up from the bottom
fwdJekVJRou-00193-00218936-00220000 that's really right finish really from the roti ray in a careful fifth you and now
fwdJekVJRou-00194-00220000-00220856 in a careful fifth yeah that's the moment the whole audience is looking at your pointed foot
fwdJekVJRou-00195-00220856-00221528 so take this moment and it's not so difficult for us but you can make something of it okay
fwdJekVJRou-00196-00221688-00222736 then we go on with the bits with the season on point and up two three from lag and up
fwdJekVJRou-00197-00222736-00224000 two three back leg and up two three four two three front two to the back two three the push up
fwdJekVJRou-00198-00224136-00225088 the both feet are pushing up but the most energy you should take from the pushing up
fwdJekVJRou-00199-00225160-00226248 from your working foot your working foot is doing the longest way in space so your working
fwdJekVJRou-00200-00226248-00227032 foot has quite more tempo needs more tempo than the supporting foot to arrive on the
fwdJekVJRou-00201-00227032-00227880 same moment so we have to push more from the soul of your working foot and your working foot
fwdJekVJRou-00202-00227880-00228567 is bringing your supporting foot on point and it helps it really helps and you need this
fwdJekVJRou-00203-00228656-00229336 for the moment also when we do pirouettes otherwise you are still moving when you are
fwdJekVJRou-00204-00229336-00230167 turning already and then you have no balance so we have to arrive really in the same moment being
fwdJekVJRou-00205-00230167-00231256 ready and it's the same for you without points okay and one two three one two three one two three
fwdJekVJRou-00206-00231767-00232584 plie up and front leg and and back leg
fwdJekVJRou-00207-00232752-00235008 and front again and push and up and up and up and up and up front again and again and up and up nice
fwdJekVJRou-00208-00235384-00236432 heel in the floor as me right heel and the floor and the plie up and pushing from the working leg
fwdJekVJRou-00209-00236719-00236784 up
fwdJekVJRou-00210-00237152-00237904 and yeah yeah and then it's another thing i i have to force you to get the heels on the
fwdJekVJRou-00211-00237904-00238952 floor right yeah and it is look when you do is do this feel what much force you have in your heels
fwdJekVJRou-00212-00239088-00239760 yeah and you neglect them because you're staying here and it's a pity then you get
fwdJekVJRou-00213-00239760-00240656 also too much stance in the front of your lower leg and there is another thing i really want to
fwdJekVJRou-00214-00240656-00241680 see you to make a line with your little toe or your first toe across your supporting leg
fwdJekVJRou-00215-00241680-00242816 i see i now i'm exaggerating i see happening this and i want to see you going yes and that's
fwdJekVJRou-00216-00242816-00243784 very important you have to make this line so your tights should show me a line from your toes and
fwdJekVJRou-00217-00243936-00244871 and again and yes dad i want to see you feel and then you are much more safe because this
fwdJekVJRou-00218-00244936-00245784 is no position your body does not know this so give your body the things it can recognize okay
fwdJekVJRou-00219-00245976-00246960 and we have the granba ma and we go twice to the front and one with your arm to the back
fwdJekVJRou-00220-00246960-00248392 to the back don't change change change arm goes to the back to the back taking up taking up now you
fwdJekVJRou-00221-00248392-00249656 open two three four the me plie releve there we are again the me please back so you change
fwdJekVJRou-00222-00249736-00250784 while closing and then you are on point don't ask me why but you rather never do a season
fwdJekVJRou-00223-00250880-00251496 in the derriere you always also in the pirouette on the down you always
fwdJekVJRou-00224-00251496-00252632 bring the foot to the front so we have to exercise that you have plie retiree plie back reforms plie
fwdJekVJRou-00225-00252736-00253728 then again retiree front and now we are turning on the down so the leg comes in the back
fwdJekVJRou-00226-00253856-00254616 and plie and then you can take your time paul will wait for you because that's really new
fwdJekVJRou-00227-00254767-00255616 and it is twice to the front we start with the arm side twice with the inside to the back arabesque
fwdJekVJRou-00228-00255616-00256112 four times to the side the first one does not change it's an even
fwdJekVJRou-00229-00256112-00256736 number twice to the back with the outside twice with the inside opening the arm when
fwdJekVJRou-00230-00256736-00257264 you go out for the first one that doesn't change plie retiree devon
fwdJekVJRou-00231-00257584-00258032 clearly turning and you get the time from paul
fwdJekVJRou-00232-00258312-00259071 remember your hips are always in first also when you are wearing board go to the front you know it
fwdJekVJRou-00233-00259128-00259223 you do not need me
fwdJekVJRou-00234-00259528-00260312 and the one you can turn them full turn full turn
fwdJekVJRou-00235-00261080-00262256 and one and two now you go to shirt
fwdJekVJRou-00236-00262504-00262560 opening
fwdJekVJRou-00237-00262952-00264784 plie one up two back up front front turn stay stay stay stay stay stay he comes in the back
fwdJekVJRou-00238-00266152-00266376 nice now opening the arm
fwdJekVJRou-00239-00266808-00266888 please
fwdJekVJRou-00240-00267112-00267864 play and up play up and turn chain yeah now you know it son
fwdJekVJRou-00241-00268152-00268984 nice hips in first as may hips and yeah well done and
fwdJekVJRou-00242-00269248-00269456 oh you were a little bit scared
fwdJekVJRou-00243-00269704-00270408 you didn't know it yeah you are too big you but you're not too big too tall you have too
fwdJekVJRou-00244-00270408-00271128 much length for being on point in the retiree yeah but then you should take it a little lower
fwdJekVJRou-00245-00271256-00272120 so when you have a bar that is a little too low this bar is too low for this long young woman yes
fwdJekVJRou-00246-00272120-00273048 so then you turn with your knee a little lower and when you arrive you pick up again the height
fwdJekVJRou-00247-00273048-00273760 that's the system we get this when you are going to turn at the bar pirouettes you will have to
fwdJekVJRou-00248-00273760-00274600 get used to it because i have no higher bar i'm sorry i would like to have three heights one for
fwdJekVJRou-00249-00274600-00275304 the baby ones and one for the tall women and the big man yeah okay but it isn't like this
fwdJekVJRou-00250-00275368-00275928 you are lucky the bar is really for sarah and for merrell this bar is wonderful
fwdJekVJRou-00251-00275928-00276848 but for all the others he is too low it's a little old-fashioned here yeah okay come send some ideas
fwdJekVJRou-00252-00277104-00277696 do you need a little water then take it now no okay then we go on and you
fwdJekVJRou-00253-00277696-00278784 know what we are doing and up two three up two three stay under stay and out and out
fwdJekVJRou-00254-00278856-00280184 and stay back slope forward and up and up and out and up and sushu and sushu ashape
fwdJekVJRou-00255-00280728-00281584 finish yeah you know it we don't only one side
fwdJekVJRou-00256-00281864-00282672 nothing doing the tips of your shoulders should be in front of the bones
fwdJekVJRou-00257-00282672-00283536 of your pelvic wings yeah and now hanging the arms and really in front of you the elbows
fwdJekVJRou-00258-00283808-00284720 you're pulling them back let them hang here there we go and one two three
fwdJekVJRou-00259-00285440-00285904 and up and up absolutely three quarters holding
fwdJekVJRou-00260-00286136-00287232 and second and second stretch your ribbons away and fifth and a pull them on
fwdJekVJRou-00261-00287232-00287824 out and he pull them on and there is air under your arms
fwdJekVJRou-00262-00288128-00288920 holding there is much air the air is blowing your arms in the correct position
fwdJekVJRou-00263-00289016-00289632 and opening wasn't that quick enough and finish
fwdJekVJRou-00264-00289888-00290768 did you have any moment that you thought about the heels on the floor no i could see that and that's
fwdJekVJRou-00265-00290768-00291872 for you now the priority to get this and don't if you do not feel safe it is very human what you
fwdJekVJRou-00266-00291872-00292928 are doing but it is not helpful to pull your arms back to yourself you really have to space the air
fwdJekVJRou-00267-00292928-00293784 between your limes and between at the bottom of your body and that's so important this gives you
fwdJekVJRou-00268-00293784-00294360 the stretching up in your back the moment you do this look then my back can go in
fwdJekVJRou-00269-00294488-00295312 yes so you have to hypnotize yourself not doing things like that because you are
fwdJekVJRou-00270-00295512-00296280 you are working against the movement then yeah okay going on you were a little quicker sana
fwdJekVJRou-00271-00296512-00297248 yeah if you went when finishing take your time enjoy it enjoy being on points
fwdJekVJRou-00272-00297304-00298328 it's your chance okay the traveling sisu we did last week and we travel into big post quasi we
fwdJekVJRou-00273-00298328-00300368 start with an asia pay and end one two three four five is ready on seven and eight and one go two go
fwdJekVJRou-00274-00300368-00301440 three go four go five go six is razzy on seven hold on eight then we go backwards come front
fwdJekVJRou-00275-00301440-00302608 walk backwards shoulders shoulders against the air yes and don't be afraid to go backwards
fwdJekVJRou-00276-00302608-00303728 esra i think this is too much really plie i want you to jump listen a chappie to the front
fwdJekVJRou-00277-00303728-00304616 to the front to the front to the front but asia pay to the front to the front to the front to
fwdJekVJRou-00278-00304616-00305384 the front to the front but to enter until but you do it after them you get another temple
fwdJekVJRou-00279-00305544-00306160 you have it the andre chakatra stays on the same spot
fwdJekVJRou-00280-00306304-00306864 but the sea subaru shows up going forward and backward the ladies
fwdJekVJRou-00281-00307152-00308184 and the one two three four and we start with a pause for ezra
fwdJekVJRou-00282-00308648-00310504 and one and two and three four nice be there on seven very nice come on good five six seven
fwdJekVJRou-00283-00310568-00312384 eight backwards one two three four and down and down and down and down out in on the upbeat
fwdJekVJRou-00284-00312792-00313920 it was up on the upbeats yeah you you change your rhythm yeah you can do up and up but i want
fwdJekVJRou-00285-00313920-00314896 to have from as may a real plie so our all our plies are now on the count because of her
fwdJekVJRou-00286-00314896-00315712 yeah you do and then one and two forward forward forward forward but two but two and the one and
fwdJekVJRou-00287-00315712-00316736 two yeah and in the air cross cross the legs yeah you do the whole thing and then one and two
fwdJekVJRou-00288-00317584-00317840 right in front going on
fwdJekVJRou-00289-00319296-00319976 yes you know i'm very glad for all of you that you all are moving more backwards down forwards
fwdJekVJRou-00290-00320040-00320832 yes that's that's really that's that's a winning point but you notice you thought oh i will do that
fwdJekVJRou-00291-00320832-00321352 whoop that's an egg it's a little egg that's very easy but that is not easy
fwdJekVJRou-00292-00321352-00322240 because i want to see you crossing the legs in the left and your legs are out of each other yeah
fwdJekVJRou-00293-00322448-00322672 so they learn also a little dutch yeah
fwdJekVJRou-00294-00322904-00323832 as what oh but i like the egg i like the egg it was easter so we do it with eggs yeah
fwdJekVJRou-00295-00324040-00324480 yeah okay we are going on with the double asia p
fwdJekVJRou-00296-00324656-00326352 so we mark second plie two legs one two three and four one two three four five six seven eight one
fwdJekVJRou-00297-00326352-00328152 two three four one two three f four fourth fifth big arabesque si su si suplie turn plea for you
fwdJekVJRou-00298-00328312-00329320 for you one two back front and close same side one two back front and close
fwdJekVJRou-00299-00329496-00330112 one two three four turning turning turning turning turning turning down
fwdJekVJRou-00300-00330184-00331104 one two back front close again one two back front close side back plie
fwdJekVJRou-00301-00331336-00331992 and that you can do in the same we try it in the same tempo when it's too quick we do it separately
fwdJekVJRou-00302-00331992-00332968 for you can you move a little some forward some backwards okay two arms in the serial could appear
fwdJekVJRou-00303-00333088-00334064 and remember the leg that is becoming your working leg gives the most push that
fwdJekVJRou-00304-00334136-00334992 that foot this foot is pushing the other foot on point one two three four
fwdJekVJRou-00305-00335664-00336184 and
fwdJekVJRou-00306-00336696-00336920 opening and finish go
fwdJekVJRou-00307-00337272-00337584 you have to be there son
fwdJekVJRou-00308-00338064-00339032 thank you one moment i want to see you really on balance in the sierra leopard you manage
fwdJekVJRou-00309-00339032-00339648 and you are lucky you have not size 32 in your points otherwise you work too much too early down
fwdJekVJRou-00310-00339728-00340600 yes because you have 39 or 40 you can divide your movement but i do not see you on point i see you
fwdJekVJRou-00311-00340600-00341320 going up and going down but i really want one two and be there down can i see this from you
fwdJekVJRou-00312-00341480-00342488 and one two and b there down go on two and be there now now this the first one was correct so
fwdJekVJRou-00313-00342488-00343184 you notice this is again the same thing giving more quick energy when you start
fwdJekVJRou-00314-00343280-00344376 and you are doing all the things the same no push yeah that's very important then we have to be
fwdJekVJRou-00315-00344376-00345416 very aware that our arms going on and being there going on and being there
fwdJekVJRou-00316-00345416-00346536 going on and going on and going on and closing die yes because you are like as adults i see
fwdJekVJRou-00317-00346872-00347144 yeah i have to see the movement
fwdJekVJRou-00318-00347216-00348784 in your arms that's your breathing can you manage yes okay we do it again
fwdJekVJRou-00319-00349128-00349208 that's better
fwdJekVJRou-00320-00349448-00350184 going all this your arms
fwdJekVJRou-00321-00350928-00351584 your arms
fwdJekVJRou-00322-00352952-00353968 and open yes that's better yes and the last one the very last turn should be a quick turn
fwdJekVJRou-00323-00354056-00354592 but then you stay in this hubble double double double double double dom and then you double
fwdJekVJRou-00324-00354592-00355448 double dum da double double dum da double double boring so give me the end out and two and up
fwdJekVJRou-00325-00355632-00356616 bad from the quad this is for the really advanced people quasi here starting and
fwdJekVJRou-00326-00356680-00357528 finish here and not there that's for the really advanced people huh for the other ones i'm really
fwdJekVJRou-00327-00357528-00358440 glad when you yeah yeah you have to finish together no these legs are going out to finish out
fwdJekVJRou-00328-00358504-00359216 yeah we have to that's just really yeah because there is no uh no inhibiting in it up opening
fwdJekVJRou-00329-00359440-00359896 you up i do not think about a turn i
fwdJekVJRou-00330-00360304-00361384 and you are thinking and i'm turn it's not a turn it's relevant
fwdJekVJRou-00331-00361816-00362608 and it helps me when i arrive opening the arm then and then i'm getting wider that's the wrong leg
fwdJekVJRou-00332-00362736-00363752 and an opening yeah when you arrive on point then you open so the arms are cl
fwdJekVJRou-00333-00363752-00364456 opening closing opening yet it helps because then you get wider and you can have more
fwdJekVJRou-00334-00364520-00364928 yeah that's it can you do it again now we see it
fwdJekVJRou-00335-00365352-00366072 opening look how beautiful yes thank you and there's dremeling i do not mind i really do not
fwdJekVJRou-00336-00366072-00366896 mind but you have to phrase again think you have to sing sana about when do i give a quicker energy
fwdJekVJRou-00337-00366896-00367680 and when i give a slower energy and it's not that you are not doing your best you do it fine i'm
fwdJekVJRou-00338-00367680-00368384 really appreciate that but sometimes you have to go quicker yeah and that's your problem man yeah
fwdJekVJRou-00339-00368448-00369496 knowing that okay going on season sample there we go again and we have end up two three from two
fwdJekVJRou-00340-00369496-00370440 three up two three back at two three up two three from to the back stretch plea remember
fwdJekVJRou-00341-00370440-00371328 i had to tell you also about your exercise before on points with points on your feet this
fwdJekVJRou-00342-00371408-00372480 region in your body is forbidden for your arms the arms have to be more in front than normally so
fwdJekVJRou-00343-00372480-00373216 really to the front with your arms second position with spawn points on your feet going on point is
fwdJekVJRou-00344-00373216-00374320 in front of you not at your side because of this little piece you are going higher yes do we know
fwdJekVJRou-00345-00374320-00375384 it yes it is the old exercise at the bar now one two three one two three one two you can turn again
fwdJekVJRou-00346-00375928-00376976 and up and front leg nice be there i want to see you stay and stay and stretch down
fwdJekVJRou-00347-00377288-00377424 yeah good santa
fwdJekVJRou-00348-00377904-00378184 thank you stop your arms
fwdJekVJRou-00349-00378296-00378992 while stretching on seven two three eight that was my whole talk before we started
fwdJekVJRou-00350-00379312-00380032 when you stretch your feet open and close but open only for your feeling it is
fwdJekVJRou-00351-00380032-00380864 half an opening and you are too slow you manage but when i take the tempo
fwdJekVJRou-00352-00380864-00381872 faster you will not manage anymore i really want to take a unmoved photo from you in the rotary
fwdJekVJRou-00353-00381968-00382720 and i can't you are moving you are moving and moving you cannot take this moving for a pirouette
fwdJekVJRou-00354-00382808-00383840 you fall on your um yeah we really have to end stay and stay and yeah so we do it again
fwdJekVJRou-00355-00383896-00384584 you did wonderful but your left point is not in order i think you should take this
fwdJekVJRou-00356-00384808-00385376 more narrow you're falling out and they are getting too big
fwdJekVJRou-00357-00385376-00385936 i do not know if your feet are shrinking but the points are too wide
fwdJekVJRou-00358-00386248-00386584 it's a little before age with you huh
fwdJekVJRou-00359-00386864-00387688 yeah how do does this this point feel yeah they are really too loose perhaps you have to wear
fwdJekVJRou-00360-00387688-00388648 socks in them like in earlier times in your folklore shoes yes and then don't take this
fwdJekVJRou-00361-00388648-00389384 with all colors and take something a little in the same but do socks in them okay
fwdJekVJRou-00362-00389616-00390976 there's somebody with the wrong foot and stay yes sana and stay and stay and up
fwdJekVJRou-00363-00391760-00392592 stop i have to talk to you once more because the retiree goes
fwdJekVJRou-00364-00392592-00393256 with the knee to the side but because of the working foot is going up
fwdJekVJRou-00365-00393440-00394056 that's the reason that your knee is going to the side and it's not going with the knee to
fwdJekVJRou-00366-00394056-00394984 the side and oh yeah we have also a foot no it's really the foot is bringing you and the roti do it
fwdJekVJRou-00367-00395280-00396544 huh yeah almost almost we're getting there up and push yes you feel you can do that but there
fwdJekVJRou-00368-00396544-00397440 is something that is inhibiting you yeah not going over you are going over to your first toe
fwdJekVJRou-00369-00397680-00397944 be yeah be on point on your big one
fwdJekVJRou-00370-00398192-00398624 on the big one yeah not to the fourth you feel when it's happening
fwdJekVJRou-00371-00398768-00399312 yeah you're doing this when you are on point you are starts correctly and then you go to
fwdJekVJRou-00372-00399312-00400216 the fourth one hold the inside of the leg hold the inside hold ya not going out not going there
fwdJekVJRou-00373-00400352-00401144 i know why you try to get more instep yeah but that's not the moment i i appreciate that but
fwdJekVJRou-00374-00401144-00401600 this is not the moment to try it now you have to use your foot for what he is
fwdJekVJRou-00375-00401664-00402344 that's nice that's enough i'm very satisfied about that okay okay going on
fwdJekVJRou-00376-00402552-00403144 yeah now we did all the very difficult ones shitty pk pirouette on the door
fwdJekVJRou-00377-00403312-00404552 from the corner this panda braceley v and we go and one two three turn two three one two three
fwdJekVJRou-00378-00404552-00405496 turn two three and now it seems unimportant but i want you do the pk on a stretch leg and going
fwdJekVJRou-00379-00405592-00407032 so i do not want to see this i really want you to move two three and four yeah
fwdJekVJRou-00380-00407280-00407984 okay uh is this so nice and go to the other side sarah
fwdJekVJRou-00381-00408240-00408984 male okay okay sana is starting
fwdJekVJRou-00382-00409696-00410864 with doubt and verses and without and vis and one and two and three and four and then you
fwdJekVJRou-00383-00410864-00412024 walk away and really not like a dancer but being a dancer uh you can decide yourself
fwdJekVJRou-00384-00412184-00413120 yeah for the intermediate people you are just starting with the turn if you think i can manage
fwdJekVJRou-00385-00413120-00414104 because in my opinion and i'm sure is turning on point less difficult than without point but you
fwdJekVJRou-00386-00414104-00415120 have to be on on balance and not being afraid being afraid does make you doing strange things
fwdJekVJRou-00387-00415360-00416352 there are two possibilities you do it right or you do it wrong so okay uh let's start with isis
fwdJekVJRou-00388-00416456-00417239 and then you have a look how she does it and then it's your turn so we go one one one one one
fwdJekVJRou-00389-00417239-00418216 one okay you are turning everything and doing a single double single double just start up and turn
fwdJekVJRou-00390-00418432-00419720 turn one two three and four and one two three one two three one two three one and going yes yes
fwdJekVJRou-00391-00419928-00420568 okay one nicer going away
fwdJekVJRou-00392-00421368-00421584 and up and up
fwdJekVJRou-00393-00421872-00423872 and go and big pose at the end and up and going double single double and wall walk being there
fwdJekVJRou-00394-00424088-00424496 turn one turn sides
fwdJekVJRou-00395-00424912-00425784 one and up and up good good go yes good girl
fwdJekVJRou-00396-00426112-00427184 turning down you forget your hat the focus
fwdJekVJRou-00397-00427735-00428584 one two three one two three one two three one
fwdJekVJRou-00398-00429496-00430480 stop yeah this is nice this is nice but i prefer now that in the steps you do one
fwdJekVJRou-00399-00430543-00431600 and two that's more adult yeah this is more for the younger boys yes so up from 9 to 13 we do this
fwdJekVJRou-00400-00431600-00432656 and now we are bigger yeah okay um the stepping up for the party bourgeois 3v is making that you
fwdJekVJRou-00401-00432656-00433447 have a little stiff knees now after the turning you were very obedient i thank you for that
fwdJekVJRou-00402-00433447-00434256 you all got on a stretch leg but now you have to move this leg and now this leg stays stiff and the
fwdJekVJRou-00403-00434256-00435416 arms should go one two three and four not always the same arms yeah we do it again
fwdJekVJRou-00404-00435568-00436200 hey he says you can do four turns sarah the spotting you forget
fwdJekVJRou-00405-00436343-00437376 you should turn your head a little earlier you hear me not say i don't say quicker i say earlier
fwdJekVJRou-00406-00437624-00438568 don't be afraid yeah and now you think oh she's talking easy she can say that i
fwdJekVJRou-00407-00438568-00439784 can do that yes you can do this you're fine on point and the one two huh is this easy starting
fwdJekVJRou-00408-00440088-00441072 up close the arm close the arm yes go go go knee knee nice yeah you feel that one
fwdJekVJRou-00409-00441160-00442280 two and hold your back not falling back and go arm now this was right one go turn
fwdJekVJRou-00410-00442368-00442584 up
fwdJekVJRou-00411-00443416-00443984 and go
fwdJekVJRou-00412-00445064-00445512 go nice and go go go go go one too big
fwdJekVJRou-00413-00445776-00446784 and stop then you can take the pose one two three plie and pose yes um
fwdJekVJRou-00414-00446872-00447928 we can all see it and i hope the people at home have seen it the using of the arms being on point
fwdJekVJRou-00415-00448032-00449120 comes even more accurate than without you were too late with your first turn with the
fwdJekVJRou-00416-00449120-00450056 arm saga your arm is staying behind you i told you before this is a forbidden zone when you
fwdJekVJRou-00417-00450056-00451120 are on point your arms have to be must be have to be in front of you and now closing up and close
fwdJekVJRou-00418-00451120-00451912 the arm yes there you go you are too late in your focus changing and in the changing of your arm
fwdJekVJRou-00419-00452104-00453304 closing closing closing closing that's it you see how easy it's the same for you yeah it is not so
fwdJekVJRou-00420-00453304-00454256 difficult because you are not asked for a balance so you are moving and you can move and through
fwdJekVJRou-00421-00454256-00455312 the movement you can stay so now we start the second part eases is the starting one please paul
fwdJekVJRou-00422-00455896-00456176 close turn the heads heads
fwdJekVJRou-00423-00456368-00456584 one
fwdJekVJRou-00424-00457120-00457456 on the point yes go on
fwdJekVJRou-00425-00457456-00458176 good the focus out
fwdJekVJRou-00426-00458535-00459520 and please hold your back move the knees
fwdJekVJRou-00427-00459943-00460784 turn your head
fwdJekVJRou-00428-00461312-00462384 and yes and then this last plie force should be more supple and deeper to end because you know
fwdJekVJRou-00429-00462384-00463104 immense variation what is always the end of immense variation whether you do a turn with five
fwdJekVJRou-00430-00463104-00463984 pirates or you do a triple tourney there's always the ends or you fall on your knee and your end so
fwdJekVJRou-00431-00463984-00464735 you need to stop to be able to stop the movement it's also for the ladies it is really going
fwdJekVJRou-00432-00464735-00466168 through the plie to end this plie is for of utmost importance to finish playing force and up plie
fwdJekVJRou-00433-00466168-00467168 going down yeah but it is more easy one pump plie and up the plie is your stopping point
fwdJekVJRou-00434-00467304-00467816 and move your legs and up yet really going deep to go up
fwdJekVJRou-00435-00468056-00468872 it's your stop so i like this i like this really but it's not in the order now no i really want
fwdJekVJRou-00436-00468872-00469688 you to see here plie and up not shifting forward because then you hold your for your your speed
fwdJekVJRou-00437-00469784-00470416 a big force a big even you can even take him more open than normal but plea
fwdJekVJRou-00438-00470488-00471112 and up and not shifting forward because otherwise you fly with your back forward
fwdJekVJRou-00439-00471168-00471808 plie and up yes you understand why otherwise you're falling over your feet forward
fwdJekVJRou-00440-00471896-00472624 you are too slow with your head in the turn you have to turn your head
fwdJekVJRou-00441-00472992-00473480 and turn your head head yeah look look yeah
fwdJekVJRou-00442-00473760-00474784 your cheeks cheeks yeah there you go cheeks yeah what's your conclusion from the left left side
fwdJekVJRou-00443-00474960-00475647 i have other words that you falling backwards when you're doing the left yes there's another
fwdJekVJRou-00444-00475647-00476616 formulation but there that's more that brings something yes okay come how we are going on this
fwdJekVJRou-00445-00476920-00477184 okay but you said to me i have
fwdJekVJRou-00446-00477560-00478296 okay and what do you want to say stop it okay we have finished income yeah you say to me
fwdJekVJRou-00447-00478296-00479632 i'm yeah i have one more exercise okay going from there and one you know it and two and three
fwdJekVJRou-00448-00479688-00480735 and four and forward and forwards and forwards and here he is again not shifting now but plie and up
fwdJekVJRou-00449-00480960-00482120 yes you're making a big a big force big force and out yeah yeah you're really going forward
fwdJekVJRou-00450-00482120-00482992 with your foot but not sliding across the floor now it's really down and up it's your
fwdJekVJRou-00451-00482992-00483656 it's your stopping point and otherwise if you have more speed you're falling forward
fwdJekVJRou-00452-00483776-00484584 yeah okay one two one two one two there we go the same
fwdJekVJRou-00453-00486008-00486328 that's the only thing i want to see okay
fwdJekVJRou-00454-00486528-00487384 and the one two three one two three one two three one enjoy it
fwdJekVJRou-00455-00487647-00488784 not too big not too high it's it's it's delicate
fwdJekVJRou-00456-00489400-00489480 that's enough
fwdJekVJRou-00457-00489760-00490184 nice
fwdJekVJRou-00458-00492160-00492200 nice
fwdJekVJRou-00459-00492784-00493160 one and two and a three and a four
fwdJekVJRou-00460-00493784-00494384 no not opening on point
fwdJekVJRou-00461-00495096-00497184 yeah very nice yeah okay better not behind you always in front of you
fwdJekVJRou-00462-00498135-00499104 and yeah you have so beautiful long arms but they are swinging like the gymnasts and gymnasts
fwdJekVJRou-00463-00499104-00499968 no it's holding in front look in the mirror look in the mirror in front of you in front
fwdJekVJRou-00464-00499968-00500528 no you're going too much to the side you're going really there and there it's like a
fwdJekVJRou-00465-00500528-00501592 modern dancer in the wrong shoes it's here one and there and there look my back is going with
fwdJekVJRou-00466-00501592-00502384 my arms it's an eight it's really it's going through the front center yes yeah you feel and
fwdJekVJRou-00467-00502384-00503112 you are really going there and there and there that's too much yeah okay it's beautiful but too
fwdJekVJRou-00468-00503112-00504056 much for this style okay now we are finishing take your place and then one two three one two three
fwdJekVJRou-00469-00504928-00505176 and your face belongs also in the
fwdJekVJRou-00470-00505176-00505584 expression
fwdJekVJRou-00471-00506320-00507016 move the arms and one two beautiful not that decides
fwdJekVJRou-00472-00507384-00508360 thank you very much and even now having point shoes on there is forbidden country yeah okay
fwdJekVJRou-00473-00508360-00509447 wow thank you well done thank you paul it was quite a complicated class huh thank you thank you
fwdJekVJRou-00474-00509447-00511184 at home i hope you enjoyed it i hope you can do it i hope you exercises and seeing you next week
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00000-00000056-00000277 In this lesson, we learned about garnet.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00001-00000277-00000601 Personally, garnet is one of my favorite minerals.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00002-00000601-00000807 Garnet is beautiful.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00003-00000807-00001094 I have some garnet jewelry on today.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00004-00001094-00001307 It is also functional.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00005-00001307-00001694 Garnet has a lot of industrial and household uses
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00006-00001694-00001803 as an abrasive.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00007-00001803-00002064 It's use in sandpaper, it's used for polishing,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00008-00002064-00002561 and it's used in sandblasters and water jet cutters.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00009-00002716-00003103 And garnet is also really really useful scientifically.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00010-00003103-00003552 For geoscientists who are interested in understanding
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00011-00003552-00003847 what has happened in Earth history in terms
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00012-00003847-00004175 of the plate tectonics and moving plates,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00013-00004175-00004667 building of mountains, garnet serves as an index mineral,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00014-00004667-00005069 which lets us know what the metamorphic grade was
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00015-00005069-00005491 that was achieved in a particular mountain belt
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00016-00005491-00005828 or in a particular metamorphic setting.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00017-00005828-00005989 Garnets can be dated.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00018-00005989-00006213 So we can get ages and not only that,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00019-00006213-00006563 but garnets grow concentrically starting at a seed
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00020-00006563-00006804 and growing outward like tree rings.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00021-00006804-00007104 So we can get multiple dates from one garnet
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00022-00007104-00007563 that has grown over the course of perhaps
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00023-00007563-00007813 as many as millions of years.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00024-00007813-00008313 And then within that time range, we can use garnet,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00025-00008370-00008688 and inclusions of other minerals that get trapped
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00026-00008688-00009130 inside of the garnet as it grows form
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00027-00009130-00009454 some calculations that we can make that are useful
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00028-00009454-00009674 as thermometers and barometers,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00029-00009674-00009956 so what we call a geothermometer, a geobarometer,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00030-00009956-00010328 that allow us to calculate based on the composition
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00031-00010328-00010573 of the garnet and the composition of the other minerals
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00032-00010573-00010862 that we find inside of it exactly what pressure
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00033-00010862-00011143 and temperature the garnet has experienced.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00034-00011143-00011440 And what that means is by looking at one garnet
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00035-00011440-00011769 that grew over a long period of time,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00036-00011769-00012230 we can calculate, we can determine exactly how
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00037-00012230-00012632 the pressure and temperature changes that were experienced
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00038-00012632-00013040 by that garnet, how they changed through time
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00039-00013040-00013494 and map out the history of tectonic events,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00040-00013494-00013994 something like a mountain building or a subduction zone
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00041-00014026-00014432 carrying ocean crust deep into the interior of the Earth
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00042-00014432-00014841 and understand the rates of how these processes happened
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00043-00014841-00015105 and when in time they've happened.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00044-00015105-00015330 So, I think it's pretty cool.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00045-00015330-00015590 So another very cool thing about garnets
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00046-00015590-00016004 is that they can also inform us about somewhat
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00047-00016004-00016215 more recent history.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00048-00016215-00016715 And it's because garnets can be provenanced quite accurately
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00049-00016765-00017048 thanks to a lot of the properties
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00050-00017048-00017253 that Maureen was just describing.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00051-00017253-00017589 And so as you learned in the video
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00052-00017589-00018089 from the Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum and Mines,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00053-00018223-00018722 there was a project in Germany to provenance
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00054-00018810-00019149 a bunch of garnets that were used
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00055-00019149-00019649 in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon and other types
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00056-00019727-00020181 of Germanic jewelry from sort of the migration period
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00057-00020181-00020599 in Europe, so roughly between about 400
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00058-00020762-00021156 and seven or 800 CE.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00059-00021243-00021692 And with those, they found that most of them
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00060-00021692-00022125 were coming from particular areas of Rajasthan
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00061-00022125-00022473 and from Sri Lanka, but that there was also
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00062-00022473-00022973 a change in the trade routes that must have occurred
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00063-00022988-00023488 right around 650, 700 because we start seeing changes
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00064-00023589-00023893 in the garnets themselves and the types of garnets.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00065-00023893-00024355 There is more evidence of reuse in some of the later,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00066-00024355-00024730 the more recently made pieces of jewelry.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00067-00024730-00025230 And garnet can be used as a substitute
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00068-00025258-00025654 to sort of inform historians
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00069-00025654-00026139 and particularly historians of economics
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00070-00026139-00026500 about trade routes for other materials
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00071-00026500-00026860 that we don't have
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00072-00026860-00027123 surviving examples anymore.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00073-00027123-00027441 So for example, the spice trade
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00074-00027530-00027777 or trade in textiles,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00075-00027777-00028097 where we might have some material remaining,
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00076-00028097-00028385 but it tends to be much more fragmentary.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00077-00028385-00028885 And so garnets are a wonderful stand in
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00078-00028947-00029422 for economic historians and art historians
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00079-00029422-00029663 in order to examine those trade routes.
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00080-00029663-00030064 And again, they're beautiful (laughing)
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00081-00030064-00030364 and highly symbolic when we're talking
fyzGrsiXKkQ-00082-00030364-00030517 about the red ones.
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00000-00000800-00001104 Hi students, I just want to share my garden with you
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00001-00001296-00001496 So I have two little boxes
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00002-00001542-00001807 Here i'm going to get a third one, but I don't have it yet
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00003-00001919-00002127 And here these are all peppers
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00004-00002200-00002608 So if you can see here, I have I don't know if it's going to come in but there are some nice size
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00005-00002648-00002824 green peppers there
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00006-00002824-00003400 These are like jalapeno peppers and serrano peppers. This is a little basil plant
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00007-00003455-00003655 This is lettuce which I just planted
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00008-00003784-00004384 This is my thai basil which is doing very very nicely some more lettuce over there
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00009-00004696-00005409 More many many peppers over here and then this box we just pulled the kale out and this is broccoli
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00010-00005584-00006015 And there's some peppers there some peppers here
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00011-00006157-00006479 Basil here and peppers over there
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00012-00006608-00007239 This is my healthy tomato plant. It's like the only one that's healthy. The others are not doing so well
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00013-00007343-00007601 My little garden. Hope you like it. Bye
fzuAu5gv2Tg-00014-00015247-00015447 You
fzuUH-pLkYI-00001-00001380-00001580 Mommy and Daddy tuck you in with a kiss every night. What do you say? Good night! I love you!
fzuUH-pLkYI-00002-00002580-00002780 Mommy and Daddy tuck you in with a kiss every night. What do you say? Good night! I love you!
f-0qMCHz31k-00000-00000000-00000086 [MUSIC PLAYING]
f-0qMCHz31k-00001-00000086-00000321 MIKE MOURON: When Bob talked about naming something,
f-0qMCHz31k-00002-00000321-00000624 you know, after a person in your honor
f-0qMCHz31k-00003-00000624-00000856 that your university is bestowing on you,
f-0qMCHz31k-00004-00000856-00000944 I think that's right.
f-0qMCHz31k-00005-00000944-00001371 But what he failed to say is you should earn that right.
f-0qMCHz31k-00006-00001371-00001901 And Cathy and I purchased the right, but we didn't earn it.
f-0qMCHz31k-00007-00001901-00002167 But there are two people here who I think--
f-0qMCHz31k-00008-00002167-00002312 I'm getting choked up.
f-0qMCHz31k-00009-00002312-00002802 There are two people here who have earned that right.
f-0qMCHz31k-00010-00002802-00003458 And they're right over here, Margaret Stran
f-0qMCHz31k-00011-00003458-00003561 and Brent Hardin.
f-0qMCHz31k-00012-00004297-00004769 I give you the Stran-Hardin adapted athletic center.
f-0qMCHz31k-00013-00004769-00005357 [APPLAUSE]
f-0qMCHz31k-00014-00005357-00005541 BRENT HARDIN: I just want to say that I'm
f-0qMCHz31k-00015-00005541-00005933 really thankful for the opportunity to [INAUDIBLE]..
f-0qMCHz31k-00016-00005933-00006319 It's not something that Margaret and I have done.
f-0qMCHz31k-00017-00006319-00007000 It's something that has been a labor of love for, you know,
f-0qMCHz31k-00018-00007000-00007225 our own program, starting with our students,
f-0qMCHz31k-00019-00007225-00007479 from the very first students that were here
f-0qMCHz31k-00020-00007479-00007766 and our presidents and our administration.
f-0qMCHz31k-00021-00007766-00008191 It's just wonderful to be a part of something that feels bigger
f-0qMCHz31k-00022-00008191-00008301 than you.
f-0qMCHz31k-00023-00008301-00008577 And I think it's important to me that everybody realizes this
f-0qMCHz31k-00024-00008577-00008652 isn't--
f-0qMCHz31k-00025-00008652-00008893 this isn't a destination for us.
f-0qMCHz31k-00026-00008893-00009230 We didn't reach a finish line today.
f-0qMCHz31k-00027-00009230-00009423 This is just the beginning.
f-0qMCHz31k-00028-00009423-00009732 MARGARET STRAN: It's been an amazing journey and bigger
f-0qMCHz31k-00029-00009732-00009878 than I ever imagined.
f-0qMCHz31k-00030-00009878-00010415 And you all have helped us to become more than I ever
f-0qMCHz31k-00031-00010415-00010609 thought that we could do.
f-0qMCHz31k-00032-00010609-00010901 And I want to say thank you to all of you.
f-0qMCHz31k-00033-00010901-00011203 And I usually don't cry, but--
f-0qMCHz31k-00034-00011203-00011469 you too.
f-0qMCHz31k-00035-00011469-00011965 So thank you for believing in our dream and growing our dream
f-0qMCHz31k-00036-00011965-00012234 and furthering our dream.
f-0qMCHz31k-00037-00012234-00012617 And I would encourage you and implore
f-0qMCHz31k-00038-00012617-00013026 to, when you leave here, make new dreams for other people
f-0qMCHz31k-00039-00013026-00013566 because we can build more if we're committed to it.
f-0qMCHz31k-00040-00013566-00013716 So, thank you.
f-0qMCHz31k-00041-00013716-00014201 [APPLAUSE]
f-scgpKyqBy-00000-00000055-00000304 Hello and welcome to the deep space!
f-scgpKyqBy-00001-00000304-00000822 Today we're gonna try from Adwaita 3 to Adwaita 4 wannabe theme, like that.
f-scgpKyqBy-00002-00000822-00001286 Which might be beneficial for the apps that haven't been ported yet to GTK4.
f-scgpKyqBy-00003-00001350-00001769 This is a non-official GNOME project, and you'll find everything on this repository
f-scgpKyqBy-00004-00001769-00001893 on Github!
f-scgpKyqBy-00005-00002021-00002574 Of course, by apps that haven't been ported yet to GTK4, we mostly mean Files,
f-scgpKyqBy-00006-00002574-00002919 that the port has been moved for the GNOME 43 release.
f-scgpKyqBy-00007-00002919-00003472 Either case, that is the GTK4 port from main branch, and try to memorize the visuals so
f-scgpKyqBy-00008-00003472-00003796 you can compare with the GTK3 build later.
f-scgpKyqBy-00009-00003864-00004166 Keep on mind, that isn't just a theme change!
f-scgpKyqBy-00010-00004166-00004526 There is a whole new different rendering engine under the hood.
f-scgpKyqBy-00011-00004687-00005101 And the same moves but with Files on GTK 3 and Adwaita 4 theme.
f-scgpKyqBy-00012-00005180-00005597 And the first issue already, with background not rendering the correct color,
f-scgpKyqBy-00013-00005597-00005823 so I will close the second tab.
f-scgpKyqBy-00014-00006042-00006499 And obviously we don't have the super awesome GTK4 context menus either,
f-scgpKyqBy-00015-00006499-00006752 and the theme can't do anything about that!
f-scgpKyqBy-00016-00006870-00007200 And some more bugs with "Create" button been wrongly as active, 
f-scgpKyqBy-00017-00007200-00007486 but such problems will be easy to get fixed.
f-scgpKyqBy-00018-00007576-00008052 In reality the theme is so unbelievable good, that there were cases I was getting confused
f-scgpKyqBy-00019-00008052-00008416 if I was using GTK4 or GTK3.
f-scgpKyqBy-00020-00008595-00009052 Finally, that's the default GNOME theme for GTK3 apps!
f-scgpKyqBy-00021-00009052-00009613 And if you're wondering why GNOME didn't update the GTK3 theme to match the Adwaita visuals,
f-scgpKyqBy-00022-00009613-00010079 first because it would be time wasted to support legacy apps, but most important think of all
f-scgpKyqBy-00023-00010079-00010565 this effort of application developers to recheck their current apps with the new graphics.
f-scgpKyqBy-00024-00010672-00011162 Other components of great importance is obviously the Terminal, aka Console, 
f-scgpKyqBy-00025-00011162-00011352 till that moves to GTK4.
f-scgpKyqBy-00026-00011438-00011749 The file picker totally belongs to the list!
f-scgpKyqBy-00027-00011923-00012154 And not to forget the window decorations,
f-scgpKyqBy-00028-00012154-00012473 because unfortunately not every app has cool headerbars!
f-PKkzFV41Y-00000-00000000-00000200 Pesisir Sea Food
f-PKkzFV41Y-00001-00000200-00000400 Best sea Food Restaurant 
f-PKkzFV41Y-00002-00000400-00000600 Fresh and affordable price 
f-PKkzFV41Y-00003-00000600-00000800 Street food 
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00000-00000176-00000670 A demonstration to show the effects of very low temperature on superconductors
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00001-00000916-00001107 Have you ever flown through the air?
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00002-00001132-00001351 You can, if you get on this bullet train.
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00003-00001380-00001874 Atrain like this can travel at speed of more than 300 kilometres per hour
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00004-00001920-00002239 This video shows a series of electromagnetic system that
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00005-00002256-00002599 enables the magnetic levitated train to fly on the ground
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00006-00002668-00003030 similar to the demonstration on superconductor shown later
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00007-00003124-00003370 Look at this special track
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00008-00003392-00003647 Rows of magnets are lined around it
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00009-00003676-00004107 The track is magnetic and can attract iron and steel objects
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00010-00004128-00004323 Let's see how a superconductor can be made to move
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00011-00004336-00004690 due to forces generated by this magnetic track
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00012-00004776-00005047 This superconductor here is wrapped in aluminium foil
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00013-00005068-00005467 lt does not move easily by itself due to friction between the 2 surfaces
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00014-00005600-00005871 Now, let us cool the superconductor and see what happens.
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00015-00005908-00006151 We will use liquid nitrogen.
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00016-00006168-00006827 Liquid Nitrogen has a temperature of 77 Kelvin or -1 96 degree Celsius
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00017-00006976-00007222 The aluminium foil helps to trap liquid nitrogen around the
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00018-00007240-00007511 superconductor and keeps the material cool
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00019-00007668-00008162 What will happen when we place the superconductor on the magnetic track?
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00020-00008216-00008295 Amazing!
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00021-00008320-00008595 The superconductor is able to float above the track
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00022-00008628-00008858 Can you explain why?
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00023-00008896-00009207 The superconductor is able to float above the track because
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00024-00009228-00009487 the weight of the superconductor is balanced by
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00025-00009496-00009855 an upward magnetic force from the magnets on the track
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00026-00010040-00010534 Look what happens when we give the superconductor a little push!
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00027-00010560-00011054 Wow! lt can fly above the track - just like a bullet train!
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00028-00011188-00011503 What will happen if we flipped the magnetic track over?
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00029-00011520-00011963 Do you think the superconductor would stay suspended in the air like before?
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00030-00012004-00012139 Let's try it!
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00031-00012268-00012519 Wow! l t is able to float below the track!
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00032-00012544-00012967 The weight of the superconductor acting downwards is balanced by
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00033-00012988-00013187 an upward magnetic pull from the magnets
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00034-00013280-00013655 That makes it possible for it to stay suspended below the track
fBhGsjQ8kDQ-00035-00013684-00013911 Amazing, isn't it?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00000-00000036-00000119 - Well, hello again.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00001-00000119-00000552 Welcome to our class, Leviticus for Beginners,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00002-00000552-00000675 Training in Holiness.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00003-00000675-00000939 I'm your teacher for this series,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00004-00000939-00001275 Mike Mazzalongo, BibleTalk.tv.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00005-00001275-00001638 This is lesson number nine entitled
fCAZCVRqa-o-00006-00001638-00001857 A Consecrated Priesthood.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00007-00001857-00001982 And this is Part II.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00008-00001982-00002195 I told you there was lots of information
fCAZCVRqa-o-00009-00002195-00002428 in the book of Leviticus about the consecration
fCAZCVRqa-o-00010-00002428-00002733 of the priest.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00011-00002733-00003190 Well, chapter 10 closes out the first
fCAZCVRqa-o-00012-00003321-00003783 section of Leviticus where the manner
fCAZCVRqa-o-00013-00003783-00004158 and the regulations concerning the priestly duties
fCAZCVRqa-o-00014-00004158-00004491 of offering sacrifices for themselves, first of all.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00015-00004491-00004815 And then for the people are explained
fCAZCVRqa-o-00016-00004815-00005091 in chapters one to seven.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00017-00005091-00005334 Then in chapters eight, nine, and 10,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00018-00005334-00005655 God provides the process in which the priests
fCAZCVRqa-o-00019-00005655-00006111 were consecrated and ordained into ministry
fCAZCVRqa-o-00020-00006111-00006330 on behalf of the people.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00021-00006330-00006648 In the Book of Exodus, we read about the building
fCAZCVRqa-o-00022-00006648-00006828 of the tabernacle
fCAZCVRqa-o-00023-00006828-00007206 and the making of the priestly clothes.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00024-00007206-00007459 And then in Leviticus,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00025-00007459-00007743 we learned about the sacrificial system,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00026-00007743-00008142 what had to be done, the procedures that had to be followed,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00027-00008142-00008642 all given by God to Moses, who gave them to Aaron.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00028-00008658-00009158 And then there was the consecration of the priesthood,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00029-00009207-00009630 to get them ready to begin serving the people.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00030-00009630-00009838 Well, as is the case
fCAZCVRqa-o-00031-00010035-00010535 when God prepares a setting and a life for His people,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00032-00010651-00010912 I mentioned this last time,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00033-00010912-00011310 it isn't long before they fall into sin.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00034-00011310-00011604 The high points are always followed by low points.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00035-00011763-00012193 The tabernacle is built, the priests are dressed,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00036-00012327-00012480 they're trained,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00037-00012480-00012714 they're consecrated, they're ordained.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00038-00012714-00012964 The people see a sign from God.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00039-00012964-00013251 Tremendous spiritual high point.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00040-00013476-00013629 But then that high point,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00041-00013629-00013959 as we will soon see, falls into a low point.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00042-00013959-00014409 Just to give you an idea of this cycle throughout history,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00043-00014409-00014649 it begins with Adam and Eve.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00044-00014649-00015015 God gives Adam and Eve paradise, and what do they do?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00045-00015015-00015480 They disobey and they're removed from paradise.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00046-00015480-00015870 Cain and Abel are living freely and in peace
fCAZCVRqa-o-00047-00015870-00016319 until Cain kills Abel, Genesis four,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00048-00016319-00016764 God cleanses the earth and He sets Noah and his family
fCAZCVRqa-o-00049-00016764-00016905 to restore it.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00050-00016905-00017184 And what does Noah do after all of that?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00051-00017184-00017551 Noah gets drunk, he's naked in his tent,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00052-00017551-00018039 and we have the problem with his sons.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00053-00018039-00018318 Then the Israelites are miraculously freed
fCAZCVRqa-o-00054-00018318-00018477 from Egyptian slavery,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00055-00018477-00018966 and while Moses is receiving the law directly from God,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00056-00018966-00019206 what happens below the mountain, right?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00057-00019206-00019434 The people fall into idolatry
fCAZCVRqa-o-00058-00019434-00019909 and drag Aaron, the future high priest, into their sin
fCAZCVRqa-o-00059-00019909-00020283 with them, Exodus chapter 32.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00060-00020283-00020595 So this, the same cycle repeats itself
fCAZCVRqa-o-00061-00020595-00020940 as the period of preparation is completed.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00062-00020940-00021198 Aaron and his four sons are ordained
fCAZCVRqa-o-00063-00021198-00021441 and they begin their ministry as priests
fCAZCVRqa-o-00064-00021441-00021941 at the tabernacle of God on behalf of God's chosen people.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00065-00021942-00022442 Failure mars their very first efforts at service.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00066-00022659-00022860 And so we read about this failure.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00067-00022860-00023067 There are two failures we're going to talk about today.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00068-00023067-00023565 The first failure, number one is with Nadab and Abihu.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00069-00023565-00023805 So let's read chapter 10
fCAZCVRqa-o-00070-00023805-00024063 if you're following along in your Bibles,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00071-00024063-00024237 verse one to three.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00072-00024237-00024423 It says, "Now, Nadab and Abihu,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00073-00024423-00024828 the sons of Aaron, took the respective fire pans
fCAZCVRqa-o-00074-00024828-00025047 and after putting fire in them,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00075-00025047-00025386 placed incense on it and offered strange fire
fCAZCVRqa-o-00076-00025386-00025710 before the Lord, which he had not commanded them.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00077-00025710-00026022 And fire came out from the presence of the Lord
fCAZCVRqa-o-00078-00026022-00026420 and consumed them, and they died before the Lord.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00079-00026420-00026570 Then Moses said to Aaron,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00080-00026570-00026994 'It is what the Lord spoke saying by those who come near Me,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00081-00026994-00027385 I will be treated as holy, and before all the people
fCAZCVRqa-o-00082-00027385-00027570 I will be honored.'
fCAZCVRqa-o-00083-00027570-00027977 So Aaron therefore kept silent."
fCAZCVRqa-o-00084-00027977-00028308 Well, I want you to note that less than a year
fCAZCVRqa-o-00085-00028308-00028808 has taken place since the golden calf incident happened,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00086-00028989-00029489 and this familiar cycle is now repeating itself,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00087-00029627-00030027 less than a year before we had the golden calf incident.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00088-00030027-00030374 And now we have this particular incident
fCAZCVRqa-o-00089-00030374-00030874 that takes place with the Aaron's two oldest sons.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00090-00031070-00031277 God delivered them from Egypt
fCAZCVRqa-o-00091-00031277-00031502 with mighty signs and wonders.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00092-00031502-00031964 God had safely led them to Mount Sinai before bringing them
fCAZCVRqa-o-00093-00031964-00032085 into the Promised Land.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00094-00032085-00032402 God makes a covenant with them to be their God,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00095-00032402-00032679 and they exclusively His people.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00096-00032679-00033066 This was a situation that guaranteed them safety
fCAZCVRqa-o-00097-00033066-00033453 and prosperity and the land that would be theirs.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00098-00033453-00033801 All of this for a people, think about it now,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00099-00033801-00034222 God is giving all of this to a people who lived as slaves,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00100-00034222-00034683 who had no national identity or leadership,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00101-00034683-00035103 and were doomed to systematic extinction by a nation
fCAZCVRqa-o-00102-00035103-00035466 who feared and despised them, the Egyptians.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00103-00035466-00035860 I mean, that was the situation of the Israelites
fCAZCVRqa-o-00104-00036063-00036504 a year before this particular event took place.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00105-00036504-00036951 So as God with Moses is preparing the plans for a place,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00106-00036951-00037197 a tabernacle, where they can worship Him
fCAZCVRqa-o-00107-00037197-00037566 and an acceptable manner to come before the living God
fCAZCVRqa-o-00108-00037566-00037758 who will dwell among them,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00109-00037935-00038142 they're preparing the sacrificial system,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00110-00038142-00038370 as God also prepares the law,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00111-00038370-00038610 which will guide and purify their conduct
fCAZCVRqa-o-00112-00038610-00038898 before any of these things can be given to them,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00113-00038898-00039054 they fall into idolatry,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00114-00039054-00039414 which sparks a revolt that leads to the death of 3000 men.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00115-00039414-00039743 I'm talking about the golden calf incident here.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00116-00039743-00040125 We read further on that Moses intercedes on behalf
fCAZCVRqa-o-00117-00040125-00040474 of the people effectively turning away God's wrath,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00118-00040474-00040748 where God was about to destroy the people
fCAZCVRqa-o-00119-00040748-00041151 and begin again His plan to save mankind this time
fCAZCVRqa-o-00120-00041151-00041354 using Moses' descendants
fCAZCVRqa-o-00121-00041354-00041784 instead of Abraham's descendants.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00122-00041784-00042228 However, God hears Moses and his pleas on behalf
fCAZCVRqa-o-00123-00042228-00042348 of the people,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00124-00042348-00042729 and the cycle turns favorably towards the Israelites
fCAZCVRqa-o-00125-00042729-00042840 once again,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00126-00042840-00043299 and we see the signs of this uptick repeat itself.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00127-00043422-00043668 God renews the covenant with the people,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00128-00043668-00043960 he replaces the tablets of the law,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00129-00043960-00044361 and the building of the tabernacle and the preparation
fCAZCVRqa-o-00130-00044361-00044757 of the priest for ordination, begin in earnest once again,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00131-00044757-00045249 as the work to complete this thing is actually begun.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00132-00045249-00045609 All of this taking place in the Book of Exodus.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00133-00045609-00045957 Now, I review these events with you
fCAZCVRqa-o-00134-00045957-00046401 because this cycle is the pattern that continually dominates
fCAZCVRqa-o-00135-00046401-00046629 the history of the Jews
fCAZCVRqa-o-00136-00046629-00046881 throughout the Old Testament.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00137-00046881-00047187 Whether it's material from the Pentateuch
fCAZCVRqa-o-00138-00047187-00047490 from Genesis to Deuteronomy,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00139-00047490-00047889 whether it's material from history, the books of history,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00140-00047889-00048090 Joshua to Esther,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00141-00048090-00048405 the books of poetry from Job to Song of Solomon,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00142-00048405-00048864 or the major prophets from Isaiah to Daniel,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00143-00048864-00049275 or the minor prophets from Hosea to Malachi,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00144-00049275-00049542 no matter where you look is my point here.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00145-00049542-00049866 No matter where you look in the Bible, in the Old Testament,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00146-00049866-00050229 this cycle follows the very same pattern.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00147-00050321-00050820 The people are in trouble or they're in disobedience to God
fCAZCVRqa-o-00148-00050820-00051015 and they're crying out for help.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00149-00051015-00051474 Sometimes there's a trouble or a decline leading
fCAZCVRqa-o-00150-00051474-00051663 to eventual destruction,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00151-00051663-00052074 but no one is aware or calling out for help
fCAZCVRqa-o-00152-00052074-00052434 like in Noah's time, for example.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00153-00052434-00052791 And then God intervenes somehow.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00154-00052791-00053172 He sends or He raises up a savior, a person like Moses
fCAZCVRqa-o-00155-00053172-00053412 or Gideon or Esther,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00156-00053412-00053912 or He creates a miraculous situation like the great flood,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00157-00053961-00054414 which saves the people or changes the situation eventually
fCAZCVRqa-o-00158-00054414-00054583 for the better.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00159-00054583-00054771 And then the next stage,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00160-00054771-00055176 the people enjoy a period of peace and faithfulness
fCAZCVRqa-o-00161-00055176-00055455 and prosperity for a time.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00162-00055545-00055737 And then someone,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00163-00055737-00056237 a king or a leader or the people as a whole,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00164-00056241-00056526 begin to slowly drift back into sin,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00165-00056526-00056954 whether it's immoral behavior like David and Bathsheba
fCAZCVRqa-o-00166-00056954-00057243 or the curse of idolatry,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00167-00057376-00057765 the Jews never abandoned the true God altogether.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00168-00057765-00058071 They practiced what's called syncretism,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00169-00058071-00058528 where they added worship, the worship of local pagan gods,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00170-00058528-00058967 for example, like Baal, to their practice
fCAZCVRqa-o-00171-00058967-00059190 of Jewish temple worship.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00172-00059190-00059391 They would keep the festivals and they would do
fCAZCVRqa-o-00173-00059391-00059658 the sacrifices and they would go to the temple.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00174-00059658-00060113 But privately they would have pagan idols and gods
fCAZCVRqa-o-00175-00060113-00060243 in their homes,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00176-00060386-00060767 and they would practice the worship of the local gods
fCAZCVRqa-o-00177-00060767-00061205 along with their worship of the true God.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00178-00061205-00061497 And usually it was an accommodation to spouses
fCAZCVRqa-o-00179-00061497-00061817 who were not Israelites, that that was the main problem
fCAZCVRqa-o-00180-00061817-00062079 with the Jews when they went into the Promise Land.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00181-00062079-00062289 God told them to wipe out the people,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00182-00062289-00062511 otherwise they'd be a stumbling block to them.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00183-00062511-00062804 And in many instances, they didn't do that.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00184-00062804-00063024 And when they didn't do that,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00185-00063024-00063351 they took some of the women to be as wives
fCAZCVRqa-o-00186-00063351-00063798 and eventually these mixed marriages
fCAZCVRqa-o-00187-00063798-00064298 created problems whereby the men in those families
fCAZCVRqa-o-00188-00064355-00064776 began to worship the gods of their wives.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00189-00064866-00065361 And so this usually led to more flagrant idolatrous
fCAZCVRqa-o-00190-00065361-00065748 practices, the lowering of moral standards,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00191-00065748-00066168 the loss of God's favor, blessings, and prosperity,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00192-00066168-00066585 which eventually resulted in a weak and unholy society
fCAZCVRqa-o-00193-00066585-00066798 which God would punish
fCAZCVRqa-o-00194-00066798-00067032 and He'd punish them in different ways,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00195-00067032-00067256 economic ruin or illness,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00196-00067256-00067737 war or dominance by neighboring countries.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00197-00067737-00068151 And then finally, someone would call out to God for help,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00198-00068151-00068502 or God would acknowledge the suffering and the dire straits
fCAZCVRqa-o-00199-00068502-00068625 of His people,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00200-00068625-00069125 and God in some way would intervene on behalf of His people
fCAZCVRqa-o-00201-00069152-00069404 to save them and to restore them
fCAZCVRqa-o-00202-00069404-00069816 and to start this cycle all over again.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00203-00069816-00070316 Now, the difference between the various types of books
fCAZCVRqa-o-00204-00070347-00070521 in the Old Testament,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00205-00070521-00070776 the Pentateuch as opposed to the history books
fCAZCVRqa-o-00206-00070776-00071067 as opposed to the books of poetry,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00207-00071067-00071403 the difference between all these books is the way
fCAZCVRqa-o-00208-00071403-00071748 that they told this story about this cycle.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00209-00072093-00072564 They all tell the same story about this continual cycle
fCAZCVRqa-o-00210-00072564-00072957 going round and round, but they tell it in different ways.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00211-00072957-00073170 For example,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00212-00073314-00073536 the books in the Pentateuch,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00213-00073536-00073956 or the history book, they told this story in real time.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00214-00073956-00074316 In other words, as a narrative, chronologically,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00215-00074316-00074463 this happened and that happened,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00216-00074463-00074604 and this happened and that happened,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00217-00074604-00075000 and when, they tell it, they tell the story in that way.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00218-00075000-00075155 The books of poetry,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00219-00075155-00075588 they examined the people and their various experiences
fCAZCVRqa-o-00220-00075588-00076088 and thoughts that they had at different points in the cycle.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00221-00076150-00076627 Sometimes the poems of the Psalms
fCAZCVRqa-o-00222-00076761-00077097 were rejoicing in the fact that God was blessing them.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00223-00077097-00077241 Well, that means they were in the,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00224-00077241-00077498 they were in the high cycle,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00225-00077498-00077934 and yet other psalms, other poems,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00226-00077934-00078165 would be crying out to God for help
fCAZCVRqa-o-00227-00078165-00078390 because of the trouble that they were in.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00228-00078390-00078890 Well, obviously those poems reflected a period in the cycle
fCAZCVRqa-o-00229-00078927-00079413 when it was at its low end when they were in sin
fCAZCVRqa-o-00230-00079413-00079665 and God was punishing them.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00231-00079758-00079899 In the prophets,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00232-00079899-00080121 in the books of the prophets, the prophets,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00233-00080121-00080529 they tell this story also, but in the prophets,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00234-00080529-00080865 they warned of the danger in heading towards
fCAZCVRqa-o-00235-00080865-00081116 the bottom point of the cycle.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00236-00081116-00081414 They spoke against the disobedience
fCAZCVRqa-o-00237-00081414-00081654 and the lack of repentance and the punishment
fCAZCVRqa-o-00238-00081654-00081843 that was to come to the people
fCAZCVRqa-o-00239-00081843-00082260 because they were falling away from God.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00240-00082260-00082470 Interesting thing about the prophets, however,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00241-00082470-00082863 is they always ended their prophecies with the promise
fCAZCVRqa-o-00242-00082863-00083211 of renewal and blessings that the people
fCAZCVRqa-o-00243-00083211-00083391 would eventually come back,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00244-00083391-00083646 and go back to the top of the cycle,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00245-00083646-00084048 which was of course faithfulness and obedience to God.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00246-00084048-00084351 So I'm just, this is a kind of a side note
fCAZCVRqa-o-00247-00084351-00084447 that I'm saying here.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00248-00084447-00084912 This is a constant theme, a constant cycle
fCAZCVRqa-o-00249-00084912-00085191 that you'll see as you read through the entire
fCAZCVRqa-o-00250-00085191-00085458 Old Testament, not just in Exodus or Leviticus,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00251-00085458-00085647 but throughout the Old Testament.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00252-00085647-00085730 Excuse me.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00253-00086013-00086307 So in chapter 10 of Leviticus,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00254-00086397-00086853 here the writer recounts another quick turn
fCAZCVRqa-o-00255-00086853-00087015 of this deadly cycle.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00256-00087102-00087546 Once again, God had renewed the people after the incident
fCAZCVRqa-o-00257-00087546-00087997 with the golden calf, with new tablets,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00258-00087997-00088458 with the building and the consecration
fCAZCVRqa-o-00259-00088458-00088785 of the tabernacle complex itself,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00260-00088785-00089148 as well as selection of Aaron and his four sons
fCAZCVRqa-o-00261-00089148-00089395 as high priests and priests.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00262-00089395-00089823 And then, last lesson we talked about
fCAZCVRqa-o-00263-00089823-00090323 the very complex process of consecrating them,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00264-00090432-00090849 and anointing them and sending them into service.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00265-00090849-00091032 All of this being done,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00266-00091124-00091543 returning the people to a high point in their history
fCAZCVRqa-o-00267-00091543-00091827 of their relationship with God.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00268-00091991-00092233 Then we get to chapter 10,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00269-00092233-00092664 no sooner than at the beginning of their ministry,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00270-00092664-00093164 Aaron's two eldest sons disobey one of God's instructions
fCAZCVRqa-o-00271-00093168-00093594 concerning the offering of incense and as a consequence,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00272-00093594-00093912 they're immediately put to death by God Himself
fCAZCVRqa-o-00273-00093912-00094200 for their disobedience.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00274-00094200-00094437 Now, the question is always,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00275-00094437-00094821 when we talk about this, what was their sin exactly?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00276-00094908-00095220 What exactly did they do wrong?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00277-00095220-00095562 Offering the burning of incense in front of the altar
fCAZCVRqa-o-00278-00095562-00095886 of incense located in the Holy Place before the curtain
fCAZCVRqa-o-00279-00095886-00096252 that separated the Holy of Holies from the Holy Place,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00280-00096252-00096381 this was acceptable.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00281-00096381-00096768 This was a normal task of the priests.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00282-00096768-00097062 Now, there are various ways that they may have knowingly
fCAZCVRqa-o-00283-00097062-00097521 disobeyed and dishonored God on that day.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00284-00097741-00098241 There's several ideas about what their sin was exactly.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00285-00098559-00099059 First they required burning coals in their fire.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00286-00099060-00099306 Fire pans was just something in which they carried
fCAZCVRqa-o-00287-00099306-00099618 the burning coals and they put the incense on top of them
fCAZCVRqa-o-00288-00099618-00099831 in order to burn the incense.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00289-00099831-00100158 So they required burning coals in their fire pans
fCAZCVRqa-o-00290-00100158-00100593 in order to burn this, especially prepared incense.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00291-00100593-00101031 However, the only coals permitted would be from the altar
fCAZCVRqa-o-00292-00101031-00101313 of burnt offering, which was in the courtyard,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00293-00101313-00101727 which had been consecrated, and if it had been consecrated,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00294-00101727-00101931 it means it was holy.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00295-00101931-00102303 It had been set apart for that special purpose.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00296-00102303-00102693 The sin is that they may have obtained their fire
fCAZCVRqa-o-00297-00102693-00102987 or their heating element from another source,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00298-00102987-00103487 thus making it unholy or profane in God's eyes.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00299-00103680-00104180 Another aspect, another suggestion as to
fCAZCVRqa-o-00300-00104446-00104660 what the sin was, another theory,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00301-00104660-00105090 is that they perhaps were usurping the authority
fCAZCVRqa-o-00302-00105090-00105258 of the high priest.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00303-00105258-00105639 What I mean by that is that some people speculate
fCAZCVRqa-o-00304-00105639-00106053 that they performed a right at a time
fCAZCVRqa-o-00305-00106053-00106314 when only the high priest was allowed to enter
fCAZCVRqa-o-00306-00106314-00106740 the Holy Place, thus spoiling the offering.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00307-00106740-00106823 In other words,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00308-00106823-00107175 they did something that only their father should have done.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00309-00107175-00107619 Another speculation is that they offered
fCAZCVRqa-o-00310-00107619-00107909 unauthorized incense.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00311-00107909-00108318 We know that the incense used for worship in the tabernacle
fCAZCVRqa-o-00312-00108318-00108768 was made from a divine formula that's described
fCAZCVRqa-o-00313-00108855-00109066 in Exodus chapter 30,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00314-00109066-00109554 which was not to be used for anything else but worship.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00315-00109641-00109794 Only this incense,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00316-00109794-00110258 this type of incense using this formula could be used
fCAZCVRqa-o-00317-00110258-00110609 in the worship at the tabernacle.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00318-00110609-00110955 Some believe that they substituted some other kind
fCAZCVRqa-o-00319-00110955-00111198 of incense to burn.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00320-00111198-00111516 Maybe the thought was, ah, incense is incense,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00321-00111516-00111693 we don't have enough of the special incense.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00322-00111693-00111975 Let's just get this other stuff and we'll use that.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00323-00111975-00112218 I think that was the sin.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00324-00112218-00112614 And yet another theory is that they served
fCAZCVRqa-o-00325-00112614-00112920 while they were intoxicated.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00326-00112920-00113094 In verses eight and nine,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00327-00113094-00113594 God forbids the priests from drinking wine or strong drink
fCAZCVRqa-o-00328-00113660-00114036 while they are on duty so that they will be clear minded
fCAZCVRqa-o-00329-00114036-00114335 and obey the rules as to what is holy
fCAZCVRqa-o-00330-00114335-00114483 and to what is profane.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00331-00114483-00114825 If you follow the eight or nine lessons that we've done
fCAZCVRqa-o-00332-00114825-00115317 on Leviticus, you'll realize and accept that the work
fCAZCVRqa-o-00333-00115317-00115578 of the priest was very complicated.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00334-00115578-00115893 There were so many procedures to follow
fCAZCVRqa-o-00335-00115893-00116118 and they had to follow it exactly.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00336-00116118-00116391 And so the rule about
fCAZCVRqa-o-00337-00116391-00116799 not drinking while you were performing as a priest,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00338-00116799-00116979 I mean, there are a lot of reasons for this,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00339-00116979-00117274 one of which was you had to be clear minded
fCAZCVRqa-o-00340-00117274-00117615 to be able to do the work properly.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00341-00117615-00117876 So some conclude that Nadab and Abihu
fCAZCVRqa-o-00342-00117876-00118119 may have been drinking,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00343-00118119-00118619 and thus this made their offering unacceptable.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00344-00118629-00118965 Well, which one of these is it?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00345-00118965-00119465 Well, since the sin was called strange fire,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00346-00119486-00119754 they offered strange fire in Hebrew,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00347-00119754-00120141 this English word strange meant unauthorized
fCAZCVRqa-o-00348-00120141-00120390 or foreign or profane.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00349-00120489-00120884 It would follow that the transgression had something to do
fCAZCVRqa-o-00350-00120884-00121221 with the fire used to burn the incense,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00351-00121221-00121578 because that's what Moses calls it.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00352-00121578-00122061 They were punished for having used strange fire.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00353-00122157-00122589 And so it wasn't taken from the fire of the altar
fCAZCVRqa-o-00354-00122589-00123045 of the burnt offering whose fire was kept burning 24/7
fCAZCVRqa-o-00355-00123045-00123225 and was considered holy.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00356-00123225-00123604 Only those coals were to be used to heat
fCAZCVRqa-o-00357-00123604-00123903 the special incense.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00358-00123903-00124320 The fact also that they were killed by some type of fire
fCAZCVRqa-o-00359-00124320-00124820 from God also points to the nature of the offense.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00360-00124824-00125208 To help Aaron deal not only with their deaths,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00361-00125208-00125577 but also how their bodies were disposed of,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00362-00125577-00126077 God confirms that their offense was serious in degrading
fCAZCVRqa-o-00363-00126102-00126447 and disrespecting the absolute holiness of God,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00364-00126447-00126867 thus truly meriting their punishment.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00365-00126867-00127326 So we can conclude that their offense had something to do
fCAZCVRqa-o-00366-00127326-00127826 with the fire that they used to make the offering.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00367-00127878-00128223 The point, however, is, they did something
fCAZCVRqa-o-00368-00128223-00128604 against the procedures, the rules,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00369-00128604-00128877 the instructions that God had given them
fCAZCVRqa-o-00370-00128877-00129202 and had told them to follow
fCAZCVRqa-o-00371-00129399-00129899 strictly not to make any changes or substitutions.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00372-00130014-00130425 Now, to help Aaron deal, not only with their deaths,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00373-00130425-00130554 as I mentioned before,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00374-00130554-00130872 but also how their bodies were disposed of,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00375-00130872-00131184 they were just taken outside of the tabernacle area,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00376-00131184-00131586 God confirms that their offense was serious,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00377-00131586-00132086 that theirs was not just a frivolous execution,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00378-00132174-00132489 they deserved what they received.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00379-00132585-00132918 However, Aaron, in remaining silent,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00380-00132918-00133146 he demonstrated his own devotion
fCAZCVRqa-o-00381-00133146-00133572 and respect for God's holiness, despite his own distress.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00382-00133572-00133857 No matter why his sons were killed,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00383-00133857-00134317 they were his sons and it would be normal for him to feel
fCAZCVRqa-o-00384-00134317-00134571 distress to want to say something,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00385-00134571-00134969 to want to intervene or to come to God and appeal to Him.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00386-00134969-00135351 But he didn't, he didn't say anything.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00387-00135351-00135735 He chose to remain silent.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00388-00135735-00135957 And this was, this was good for him,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00389-00135957-00136221 and it also demonstrated his maturity.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00390-00136314-00136764 And so Moses enlists the help from Aaron's cousins
fCAZCVRqa-o-00391-00136764-00137055 to remove the bodies outside the camp
fCAZCVRqa-o-00392-00137055-00137412 because Aaron and his two remaining sons
fCAZCVRqa-o-00393-00137412-00137862 cannot leave the tabernacle complex under pain of death.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00394-00137862-00138240 That was another rule that they had to know
fCAZCVRqa-o-00395-00138240-00138579 and remember and follow.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00396-00138579-00138951 Aaron and his remaining sons were not to mourn,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00397-00138951-00139236 and in those days, the mourning was demonstrated
fCAZCVRqa-o-00398-00139236-00139605 by ripping their clothing or uncovering their heads
fCAZCVRqa-o-00399-00139605-00140105 and putting ashes on their heads as a sign of their sorrow.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00400-00140365-00140673 However, if they did this,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00401-00140673-00141173 it would be seen as questioning God's judgment, the people,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00402-00141213-00141558 the ordinary people could mourn,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00403-00141558-00141999 but as a sign of grief over the sin committed.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00404-00141999-00142269 In other words, God is saying to them, "You can mourn,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00405-00142269-00142512 but mourn the fact that they committed a sin,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00406-00142512-00142904 don't simply mourn the fact that they died,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00407-00142904-00143404 mourn the sadness of the fact that they sinned
fCAZCVRqa-o-00408-00143463-00143945 and because of their sin, they were put to death."
fCAZCVRqa-o-00409-00144106-00144399 So we get some instructions following the failure
fCAZCVRqa-o-00410-00144399-00144636 of Nadab and Abihu.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00411-00144762-00145116 The Lord responded to this failure of the priests
fCAZCVRqa-o-00412-00145116-00145470 by providing further instructions to help them avoid
fCAZCVRqa-o-00413-00145470-00145970 sinning in the future as they carried out their duties.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00414-00146028-00146481 So the first thing that he gives them is what the priests
fCAZCVRqa-o-00415-00146481-00146748 are forbidden to do.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00416-00146748-00147045 They were not to drink alcohol when on duty,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00417-00147045-00147291 since this would impair their judgment
fCAZCVRqa-o-00418-00147291-00147540 and be quite disrespectful to God,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00419-00147540-00147834 who they were serving and in whose presence
fCAZCVRqa-o-00420-00147834-00147939 they were ministering.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00421-00147939-00148107 That that would only make sense, right?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00422-00148107-00148359 You're not going to, being drunk's not a good thing
fCAZCVRqa-o-00423-00148359-00148605 to begin with but imagine if you're drunk
fCAZCVRqa-o-00424-00148605-00148866 and you're serving in the tabernacle.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00425-00148866-00149082 That's a terrible thing.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00426-00149082-00149380 It hadn't been mentioned as a rule, but now God
fCAZCVRqa-o-00427-00149472-00149972 codifies it, no use of intoxicants while serving,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00428-00150128-00150417 while serving the Lord.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00429-00150417-00150609 Then He gives 'em other instructions,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00430-00150609-00151014 and this time their instructions on what they are to do.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00431-00151134-00151440 They were to abstain from wine and strong drink
fCAZCVRqa-o-00432-00151440-00151578 while performing their duties
fCAZCVRqa-o-00433-00151578-00151731 so that they would be clear minded
fCAZCVRqa-o-00434-00151731-00151938 in doing an important, complex work,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00435-00151938-00152217 which God defines as the following:
fCAZCVRqa-o-00436-00152217-00152526 they had to distinguish between what is holy and unholy
fCAZCVRqa-o-00437-00152526-00152679 on behalf of the people.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00438-00152784-00153222 Holiness was defined based on how close to the Lord
fCAZCVRqa-o-00439-00153222-00153519 a person or action or object was.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00440-00153519-00153792 The closer you came to God
fCAZCVRqa-o-00441-00153792-00154040 who dwelled in the Holy of Holies,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00442-00154040-00154410 the holier the action was,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00443-00154410-00154626 the holier the objects were.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00444-00154863-00155212 For example, God's people were holy.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00445-00155212-00155544 The tabernacle where he dwelt was holy.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00446-00155544-00155970 The priests devoted to his service, they were holy.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00447-00155970-00156297 The sacrifices and the incense offered before Him,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00448-00156297-00156504 it was holy.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00449-00156504-00156740 And everything that came near
fCAZCVRqa-o-00450-00156740-00157047 or specifically devoted to Him,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00451-00157047-00157338 all of this was considered holy.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00452-00157461-00157809 Priests were to think clearly so that they could determine
fCAZCVRqa-o-00453-00157809-00157984 what was clean and unclean,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00454-00157984-00158388 cleanness of a person or thing related to a person
fCAZCVRqa-o-00455-00158388-00158610 or things ritual condition,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00456-00158610-00158994 which determined if someone or something could participate
fCAZCVRqa-o-00457-00158994-00159078 in worship.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00458-00159078-00159498 If you were unclean because you had touched a dead animal,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00459-00159498-00159921 you were not in a condition to participate in worship.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00460-00159921-00160362 You had to go through the process of becoming ritually clean
fCAZCVRqa-o-00461-00160362-00160755 before you could go back and participate in worship.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00462-00160755-00161068 Because God was perfectly holy,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00463-00161068-00161511 only those people and objects who were ritually clean
fCAZCVRqa-o-00464-00161511-00161913 could approach or be used before him.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00465-00161913-00162153 If something common,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00466-00162153-00162443 in other words, unholy, in other words,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00467-00162443-00162777 not consecrated by God.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00468-00162777-00162873 For example,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00469-00162873-00163161 a leader of the people who was not a priest
fCAZCVRqa-o-00470-00163161-00163407 entered the holy place,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00471-00163407-00163907 then sin would be the result and punishment the consequence.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00472-00164001-00164154 Someone unholy,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00473-00164154-00164574 not consecrated by God, who drew near to God without
fCAZCVRqa-o-00474-00164574-00164949 permission, sin and punishment were the result.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00475-00165057-00165507 We had examples of this, Nadab and Abihu for example,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00476-00165507-00166007 they brought an unholy unclean fire into the Holy Place
fCAZCVRqa-o-00477-00166104-00166332 and they were punished for it.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00478-00166332-00166590 We have another example of this, not in Leviticus,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00479-00166590-00166920 but in 2nd Samuel chapter six.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00480-00166920-00167329 Remember the time when the Jews were bringing back
fCAZCVRqa-o-00481-00167329-00167650 the Ark of the Covenant that had been captured
fCAZCVRqa-o-00482-00167799-00168024 in warfare,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00483-00168024-00168408 and it was being carried on a wagon being pulled
fCAZCVRqa-o-00484-00168408-00168666 by some animals.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00485-00168666-00168749 And everyone,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00486-00168749-00169047 all the Jews that were around the wagon were happy
fCAZCVRqa-o-00487-00169047-00169290 and rejoicing and at some point,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00488-00169290-00169683 the animals stumbled and the cart moved,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00489-00170046-00170546 And Uzzah reached out with his hand to steady the Ark,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00490-00170592-00170852 and what happened to Uzzah?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00491-00170852-00171195 He was struck dead for touching it.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00492-00171324-00171657 So the point is that the rules for clean and unclean
fCAZCVRqa-o-00493-00171657-00171963 were quite numerous and complex,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00494-00171963-00172299 and the priests had to know the rules and apply them
fCAZCVRqa-o-00495-00172299-00172674 because the mistake could lead to serious consequences.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00496-00172674-00173040 The priests not only had the responsibility to offer
fCAZCVRqa-o-00497-00173040-00173295 sacrifices on behalf of the people
fCAZCVRqa-o-00498-00173295-00173541 and to carry out this duty correctly,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00499-00173541-00173862 they were also responsible for teaching the people
fCAZCVRqa-o-00500-00173862-00174279 the difference between what was holy and what was profane.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00501-00174279-00174744 I go back to the carrying of the Ark
fCAZCVRqa-o-00502-00174744-00174927 on a wagon.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00503-00174927-00175140 Somebody decided that was a good idea.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00504-00175140-00175434 We'll put it on a wagon, we'll bring it in,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00505-00175434-00175611 we'll carry it into Jerusalem.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00506-00175701-00175980 And yet God had said,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00507-00176361-00176655 and stipulated that "carrying the Ark was to be done
fCAZCVRqa-o-00508-00176655-00176745 with the poles."
fCAZCVRqa-o-00509-00176745-00177245 They had to put the long poles between the hooks there
fCAZCVRqa-o-00510-00177342-00177842 and on either side of the Ark and Levis were supposed to
fCAZCVRqa-o-00511-00177849-00178041 lift it up and carry it on their shoulder.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00512-00178041-00178344 That way there was no chance that anyone would touch it.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00513-00178482-00178641 So they thought, "Wow, it's a good thing.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00514-00178641-00178845 We're going to move the Ark where it's supposed to be.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00515-00178845-00178998 Let's bring it along.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00516-00178998-00179085 How do we do that?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00517-00179085-00179346 Well, let's put it on a cart.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00518-00179346-00179543 It'll go a lot faster that way."
fCAZCVRqa-o-00519-00179715-00179847 And then when someone touched it,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00520-00179847-00180231 they died and realized God was serious about the rules
fCAZCVRqa-o-00521-00180231-00180717 that He had made for carrying the Ark.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00522-00180810-00181104 So all of these tasks required,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00523-00181104-00181524 by the priests required a sound and clear mind,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00524-00181524-00181842 which was reflected in the command to avoid strong drink
fCAZCVRqa-o-00525-00181842-00181992 while on duty.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00526-00181992-00182307 So after the strange fire incident,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00527-00182307-00182724 God gives the priests further instructions that include
fCAZCVRqa-o-00528-00182724-00183126 first, a command forbidding drinking on duty,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00529-00183126-00183237 which we've talked about,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00530-00183237-00183675 and also instructions about additional duties.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00531-00183675-00184107 And that was to discern and teach the people concerning
fCAZCVRqa-o-00532-00184107-00184359 what was holy, what was unholy, what was clean,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00533-00184359-00184491 what was unclean.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00534-00184491-00184707 He then gives them a third thing.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00535-00184797-00185181 The third thing is instructions about what they were
fCAZCVRqa-o-00536-00185181-00185466 to receive for their work.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00537-00185565-00186065 Moses reassures Aaron and his sons that they would always be
fCAZCVRqa-o-00538-00186090-00186586 compensated and cared for in view of the difficult work
fCAZCVRqa-o-00539-00186586-00187002 they performed on behalf of the people.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00540-00187002-00187413 And so he explains, first of all, the grain offerings,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00541-00187413-00187680 when they would come and the priest would
fCAZCVRqa-o-00542-00187680-00188076 offer a handful of flour and put that on the altar,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00543-00188076-00188226 but the rest of the grain,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00544-00188226-00188491 the rest of the flour or the cakes or whatever,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00545-00188491-00188715 belonged to the priests.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00546-00188808-00188910 So, as I said,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00547-00188910-00189150 aside from the handful of fine flowers that they threw
fCAZCVRqa-o-00548-00189150-00189402 in the altar, all the bread, all the cakes,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00549-00189402-00189756 all the other grain offerings, these things were theirs,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00550-00189756-00190056 the priests to keep and to eat.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00551-00190056-00190536 Since the grain offering was considered most holy, however,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00552-00190536-00190833 it had to be eaten in a holy place.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00553-00190833-00191190 So it was eaten beside the altar.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00554-00191190-00191436 And then there were the peace offerings.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00555-00191436-00191631 Remember we talked about the five different kinds
fCAZCVRqa-o-00556-00191631-00191904 of offerings, the peace offerings.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00557-00191904-00192351 So the animals sacrificed as peace offerings
fCAZCVRqa-o-00558-00192351-00192687 held back the breast of the animal
fCAZCVRqa-o-00559-00192687-00193187 and the right thigh of the animal for the priest.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00560-00193198-00193695 Since it was not categorized as a most holy sacrificed,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00561-00193695-00194064 it didn't have to be eaten near the altar,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00562-00194064-00194295 a clean place would suffice,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00563-00194295-00194580 which meant that the priest could share this meat
fCAZCVRqa-o-00564-00194580-00194796 with his family at home.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00565-00194889-00195279 A wave offering is when the priest would lift up the breast
fCAZCVRqa-o-00566-00195279-00195626 or the thigh symbolically offering it to God,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00567-00195626-00196065 but in practice would actually keep for himself,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00568-00196065-00196512 for his personal needs and the needs of his family.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00569-00196512-00196794 He would symbolically offer it to God,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00570-00196794-00196989 that's what a wave offering was,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00571-00196989-00197223 symbolically offering it to God.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00572-00197223-00197316 But in practice,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00573-00197316-00197589 God had permitted the priest to keep these portions
fCAZCVRqa-o-00574-00197589-00198018 of the animal for his own needs.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00575-00198018-00198324 He had to feed his family.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00576-00198324-00198609 These instructions showed that the work of the priest
fCAZCVRqa-o-00577-00198609-00198753 was quite demanding,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00578-00198753-00199206 but God provided assurance that the priests would always
fCAZCVRqa-o-00579-00199206-00199521 be cared for throughout their lives.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00580-00199521-00199764 Now remember I said there were two failures.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00581-00199764-00200004 The first failure, Nadab and Abihu,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00582-00200004-00200214 everybody kind of knows about that one.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00583-00200214-00200613 The second failure was with Aaron and it was about
fCAZCVRqa-o-00584-00200613-00201033 an uneaten sin offering in Leviticus chapter 10,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00585-00201033-00201198 verse 16 to 20.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00586-00201198-00201540 So let's read that, the second failure here.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00587-00201633-00202104 It says, "But Moses searched carefully for the goat
fCAZCVRqa-o-00588-00202104-00202479 of the sin offering, and behold it had been burned up.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00589-00202479-00202772 So he was angry with Aaron's surviving sons,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00590-00202772-00203027 Eleazar and Ithamar saying,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00591-00203027-00203385 'Why did you not eat the sin offering at the Holy Place?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00592-00203385-00203571 For it is most holy,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00593-00203571-00203799 and He gave it to you to bear away the guilt
fCAZCVRqa-o-00594-00203799-00204075 of the congregation to make atonement for them
fCAZCVRqa-o-00595-00204075-00204222 before the Lord.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00596-00204222-00204564 Behold, since its blood had not been brought inside
fCAZCVRqa-o-00597-00204564-00204726 into the sanctuary,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00598-00204726-00205026 you should certainly have eaten it in the sanctuary
fCAZCVRqa-o-00599-00205026-00205292 just as I commanded.'
fCAZCVRqa-o-00600-00205292-00205632 But Aaron spoke to Moses, 'Behold this very day
fCAZCVRqa-o-00601-00205632-00205890 they presented their sin offering and their burnt offering
fCAZCVRqa-o-00602-00205890-00206064 before the Lord.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00603-00206064-00206294 When things like these happened to me,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00604-00206294-00206535 if I had eaten the sin offering today,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00605-00206535-00206823 would it have been good in the sight of the Lord?'
fCAZCVRqa-o-00606-00206823-00207246 When Moses heard that it seemed good in his sight."
fCAZCVRqa-o-00607-00207246-00207546 Alright, so we've read the passage,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00608-00207546-00207813 so what was the problem exactly?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00609-00207813-00207896 That's the first thing.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00610-00207896-00208119 What was the problem?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00611-00208119-00208578 Well, when a sin offering was made for a personal sin,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00612-00208578-00208967 part of the animal was kept back for the priest to eat.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00613-00208967-00209205 We've talked about that before.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00614-00209205-00209565 Moses notes that Aaron's two remaining sons,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00615-00209565-00209982 Eleazar and Ithamar have offered a sin sacrifice,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00616-00209982-00210339 but they left the entire animal on the altar to burn
fCAZCVRqa-o-00617-00210339-00210651 without taking their portion to eat.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00618-00210651-00211065 This was a serious breach because the atonement
fCAZCVRqa-o-00619-00211065-00211426 and the forgiveness of the sin was only completed
fCAZCVRqa-o-00620-00211426-00211848 once the priest had finished the process by eating
fCAZCVRqa-o-00621-00211848-00212103 his portion of the sacrifice.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00622-00212103-00212300 This meant that the sin of the individual
fCAZCVRqa-o-00623-00212300-00212535 or the congregation of people,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00624-00212535-00212744 if it was offered on their behalf,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00625-00212744-00212977 was not atoned for.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00626-00212977-00213318 Neither was the forgiveness offered,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00627-00213318-00213816 and a new sin was committed by the priests
fCAZCVRqa-o-00628-00213816-00214071 because of their negligence.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00629-00214071-00214212 So that was the problem.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00630-00214305-00214440 The response,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00631-00214523-00214758 the response is that Aaron acknowledges
fCAZCVRqa-o-00632-00214758-00214980 that they made the sin sacrifice,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00633-00214980-00215361 but they felt unworthy to eat the priestly portion,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00634-00215361-00215655 probably due to the fact that they were still feeling
fCAZCVRqa-o-00635-00215655-00216057 the effects of the death of Nadab and Abihu.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00636-00216057-00216534 Perhaps, also thinking that they bore
fCAZCVRqa-o-00637-00216534-00216963 some of the responsibility for their sin.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00638-00217056-00217442 So his dilemma, Aaron's, not Aaron, but yes,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00639-00217442-00217844 Aaron's dilemma was that if he was not in favor with God,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00640-00217844-00218289 would eating the sacrifice just make things worse?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00641-00218289-00218570 If God is mad at me because of what Nadab
fCAZCVRqa-o-00642-00218570-00218699 and Abihu have done,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00643-00218699-00219033 how is He going to feel if I just sit myself down
fCAZCVRqa-o-00644-00219033-00219426 and I participate in the sacrifice?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00645-00219546-00219762 Parental guilt is nothing new.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00646-00219859-00220094 Parental guilt is nothing new.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00647-00220094-00220398 Aaron felt guilty himself for what his sons,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00648-00220398-00220653 maybe I didn't train them right, maybe I should've,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00649-00220862-00221112 I should've known or maybe I knew that they liked to take
fCAZCVRqa-o-00650-00221112-00221481 a drink and I should've warned them for whatever reason.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00651-00221565-00221821 And that affected his judgment concerning
fCAZCVRqa-o-00652-00221940-00222171 his other work.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00653-00222171-00222501 So the resolution comes,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00654-00222501-00222825 it was Moses and not God that was angry
fCAZCVRqa-o-00655-00222825-00223077 at the breach of protocol.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00656-00223077-00223509 God already knew Aaron's heart and that his failing was due
fCAZCVRqa-o-00657-00223509-00223869 to human weakness and not rebellion and carelessness
fCAZCVRqa-o-00658-00223869-00224151 like Nadab and Abihu had done.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00659-00224253-00224577 Moses however, accepts Aaron's explanation,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00660-00224577-00225069 thus relieving him of any sin or guilt for this event.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00661-00225156-00225429 Now we don't have any further information provided,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00662-00225429-00225726 but from what we know about the sacrificial system,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00663-00225726-00226053 they could resolve this error by offering
fCAZCVRqa-o-00664-00226053-00226206 another sin offering,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00665-00226206-00226618 this time sacrificing one animal for the priest's sin,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00666-00226618-00227085 and then a second animal for the original sin of the people
fCAZCVRqa-o-00667-00227085-00227435 and complete the process by eating the priest's portion
fCAZCVRqa-o-00668-00227435-00227631 next to the altar.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00669-00227730-00228156 Note that the priest would not eat any portion of the animal
fCAZCVRqa-o-00670-00228156-00228408 offered for his own sin
fCAZCVRqa-o-00671-00228408-00228702 since he was not permitted to profit in any way
fCAZCVRqa-o-00672-00228702-00229161 from his sin, this animal was completely destroyed.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00673-00229161-00229551 He was able to eat a portion of the animal offered
fCAZCVRqa-o-00674-00229551-00229821 on behalf of someone else's sin.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00675-00229821-00230151 That was the distinction between the two.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00676-00230151-00230444 This brings to an end the information concerning
fCAZCVRqa-o-00677-00230444-00230703 the sacrificial system and the ordination
fCAZCVRqa-o-00678-00230703-00231006 of the Jewish priesthood.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00679-00231006-00231150 In chapter 11,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00680-00231150-00231535 Moses provides another manner of attaining holiness,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00681-00231535-00231981 and that is distinguishing between what is clean and unclean
fCAZCVRqa-o-00682-00231981-00232194 from God's perspective,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00683-00232194-00232694 and we'll start that chapter and that discussion next time.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00684-00232779-00232959 As we close out this section,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00685-00232959-00233196 there are three lessons mentioned
fCAZCVRqa-o-00686-00233196-00233688 in my commentary resource book that I'd like to share
fCAZCVRqa-o-00687-00233688-00234123 before we move on to the next part of Leviticus.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00688-00234123-00234359 Three lessons that all of us can use
fCAZCVRqa-o-00689-00234359-00234609 based on what we've learned so far.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00690-00234609-00234798 Lesson number one.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00691-00234798-00235110 Lesson number one is that leaders are fallible.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00692-00235298-00235596 The word leader does not equal perfect.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00693-00235746-00236246 God knows leaders sin because there were sacrifices
fCAZCVRqa-o-00694-00236298-00236628 especially designed for secular leaders,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00695-00236628-00236850 the heads of families and tribes
fCAZCVRqa-o-00696-00236850-00237291 as well as religious leaders, priests and high priests.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00697-00237291-00237681 This obvious situation made it necessary that God
fCAZCVRqa-o-00698-00237681-00238077 send a perfect leader, a king and a priest,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00699-00238077-00238577 to offer a perfect sacrifice, Jesus, on the cross,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00700-00238638-00238994 to remove all sin forever.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00701-00238994-00239429 We read about the sin being removed in Acts 22:16,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00702-00239519-00239859 where Ananias says to Saul, "Now, why do you delay?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00703-00239859-00240279 Get up, be baptized and wash away your sins,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00704-00240279-00240485 calling on His name."
fCAZCVRqa-o-00705-00240576-00241032 So let us, therefore, pray for both our secular
fCAZCVRqa-o-00706-00241032-00241292 and our spiritual leaders,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00707-00241292-00241446 because like us,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00708-00241446-00241864 they are weak and they also need Jesus' help
fCAZCVRqa-o-00709-00241864-00242139 to lead properly.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00710-00242139-00242546 It's something that I do from time to time.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00711-00242546-00242964 I pray for the leaders of our nation, for example,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00712-00242964-00243352 from the very, very top leader, from the President,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00713-00243352-00243721 all the way down to the mayor of our town.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00714-00243721-00244005 Because in one way or another,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00715-00244005-00244341 these men and these women are responsible
fCAZCVRqa-o-00716-00244341-00244800 for leading our country and they need God's help.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00717-00244800-00245179 Even if they don't realize they need God's help,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00718-00245179-00245550 they need God's help and they need our prayers,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00719-00245550-00246050 and we need to remember to pray for leaders.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00720-00246056-00246288 Very important.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00721-00246288-00246788 Another lesson from the material we've covered is this,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00722-00246834-00247233 obedience is essential for holiness.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00723-00247233-00247442 This lesson's a little closer to home.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00724-00247442-00247710 This lesson here really springs
fCAZCVRqa-o-00725-00247710-00247941 from what we've talked about.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00726-00247941-00248328 God shows his love to mankind in many ways.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00727-00248328-00248828 However, he requires obedience as a holy God.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00728-00248928-00249428 The first lie that Satan told was that there were no
fCAZCVRqa-o-00729-00249438-00249834 consequences for disobeying God's law.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00730-00249834-00250032 Isn't that what he said to Eve?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00731-00250032-00250305 "Oh, surely you're not going to die.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00732-00250305-00250500 Really? Did he say that?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00733-00250500-00250791 Did he say you were going to die if you dis, nah,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00734-00250791-00250965 come on. Really?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00735-00250965-00251061 That's over the top.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00736-00251061-00251186 I can't believe that."
fCAZCVRqa-o-00737-00251283-00251673 That was the first lie that Satan told.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00738-00251894-00252394 That same lie is promoted, even celebrated today.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00739-00252432-00252771 And like Adam and Eve, or Nadab and Abihu,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00740-00252771-00253128 or Ananias and Sapphira in Acts chapter 5,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00741-00253128-00253287 who lied to the Holy Spirit
fCAZCVRqa-o-00742-00253287-00253623 and who were killed on the spot for doing so.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00743-00253758-00254190 We are constantly reminded that there are always
fCAZCVRqa-o-00744-00254190-00254544 consequences for disobedience.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00745-00254544-00254955 Those who strive to be holy as God is holy,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00746-00254955-00255327 they do so by consciously practicing obedience
fCAZCVRqa-o-00747-00255327-00255771 of God's commands.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00748-00255771-00255915 You want to be holy.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00749-00255915-00256137 You say, "God, please, Lord,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00750-00256137-00256548 I want to be a holy person, therefore pleasing in your sight.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00751-00256548-00256710 Where do I begin?"
fCAZCVRqa-o-00752-00256710-00257022 Step number one, you begin by obeying.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00753-00257109-00257325 Somebody will say, "Well, obeying what?"
fCAZCVRqa-o-00754-00257325-00257612 Well obeying what's right in front of you.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00755-00257612-00258084 What do you need to obey right now? Today?
fCAZCVRqa-o-00756-00258084-00258511 What if God's commands and instructions
fCAZCVRqa-o-00757-00258511-00258912 that you know of, that you need to obey.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00758-00258912-00259110 Sometimes before you begin to obey,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00759-00259110-00259292 you have to begin by repenting
fCAZCVRqa-o-00760-00259292-00259780 and acknowledging to God that you have been disobedient,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00761-00259884-00260246 and now you want to work on,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00762-00260246-00260499 you want to practice being obedient.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00763-00260589-00261089 Obedience is the work that we do as we grow
fCAZCVRqa-o-00764-00261102-00261342 in holiness.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00765-00261342-00261596 And then lesson number three.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00766-00261596-00262096 Lesson number three is that innovation can be dangerous.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00767-00262179-00262678 Now, innovation in the arts or engineering
fCAZCVRqa-o-00768-00262678-00262899 can be quite rewarding,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00769-00262899-00263319 yielding newer and better and more efficient
fCAZCVRqa-o-00770-00263319-00263709 and pleasurable results, yes.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00771-00263817-00264087 It's part of God's command to multiply
fCAZCVRqa-o-00772-00264087-00264273 and to subdue the creation.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00773-00264273-00264773 God wants us to innovate in this area of life,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00774-00264801-00265047 but when it comes to worship, however,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00775-00265047-00265341 the opposite is what He wants.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00776-00265341-00265675 He wants us to stick to the instructions
fCAZCVRqa-o-00777-00265675-00265908 that he has given us.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00778-00265998-00266446 Human beings innovate in worship to please themselves,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00779-00266446-00266621 not God.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00780-00266621-00266988 God provided in the Old Testament
fCAZCVRqa-o-00781-00266988-00267324 exactly what he would accept as worship,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00782-00267417-00267909 and has also done the very same thing in the New Testament.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00783-00267909-00268336 The task is to maintain our obedience to His Word
fCAZCVRqa-o-00784-00268429-00268785 concerning worship from generation to generation.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00785-00268785-00268941 It never changes.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00786-00269046-00269505 And so let's remember that innovation can be dangerous,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00787-00269505-00269896 especially when we begin innovating with God's instructions
fCAZCVRqa-o-00788-00269896-00270174 concerning worship.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00789-00270174-00270460 Okay, well that's our lesson for this time.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00790-00270460-00270819 I'll give you a little bit of an assignment here.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00791-00270819-00271298 I want you to read chapters 11 to 15 in Leviticus.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00792-00271298-00271473 We're winding down.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00793-00271473-00271798 We have several lessons left and we have lots to cover.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00794-00271798-00272244 So I'm depending on you to to read ahead
fCAZCVRqa-o-00795-00272244-00272652 so that you're familiar with the material as I explain it,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00796-00272751-00273017 as we go through sections rather quickly,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00797-00273017-00273372 I'll do my best to dig down,
fCAZCVRqa-o-00798-00273457-00273783 and get to the root of each section.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00799-00273783-00274041 But I count on you to be reading the material
fCAZCVRqa-o-00800-00274041-00274356 and to be familiar about the things that I'm talking about
fCAZCVRqa-o-00801-00274356-00274707 as we go through this book.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00802-00274707-00274812 So that's it for today.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00803-00274812-00274895 God bless you.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00804-00274895-00275035 Thank you for your attention.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00805-00275035-00275280 Don't forget to pray for our leaders.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00806-00275280-00275382 We'll see you next time.
fCAZCVRqa-o-00807-00275382-00275465 Bye-bye.
fDMUYNXj_AY-00000-00000392-00000790 Do you want to sleep with me tonight?
fDMUYNXj_AY-00001-00001010-00001082 Thank you
fDMUYNXj_AY-00002-00001294-00001382 Does that means something?
fDMUYNXj_AY-00003-00002484-00002586 Are you ok?
fDMUYNXj_AY-00004-00002780-00002952 My name is Jaejin.
fDMUYNXj_AY-00005-00003146-00003561 I missed you
fDMUYNXj_AY-00006-00004446-00004810 Hi my name is Minhwan.
fDMUYNXj_AY-00007-00005312-00005540 Thanks for coming.
fDMUYNXj_AY-00008-00005966-00006134 Thank you
fDMUYNXj_AY-00009-00006380-00006750 On dit Merci non Merxi.
fDMUYNXj_AY-00010-00006752-00007052 That's not korean.
fDMUYNXj_AY-00011-00007062-00007273 He keeps saying Merxi
fDMUYNXj_AY-00012-00007973-00008408 Hi my name is Seunghyun
fDMUYNXj_AY-00013-00008676-00009450 *He says "je vouz aime (I love u)" or "je suis seul (I'm alone)" *don't understand what he said* sorry sorry, I'm so sorry, sorry  sorry
fDMUYNXj_AY-00014-00009712-00010116 Are you ready tonight?
fDMUYNXj_AY-00015-00010500-00012098 *he tries to repeat it cause he can't say 'prêt'*
fDMUYNXj_AY-00016-00012324-00012530 Are you ready? *he finally says it correctly*
fDMUYNXj_AY-00017-00012742-00012888 Thank you Merci **So cuuuuuute**
fDMUYNXj_AY-00018-00013284-00013541 It's over?
fDMUYNXj_AY-00019-00013556-00013856 There's still something to say
fDMUYNXj_AY-00020-00014430-00014768 It's been a while
fDMUYNXj_AY-00021-00015052-00015500 How long have we not seen each other?
fDMUYNXj_AY-00022-00015704-00015763 3 years ago?
fDMUYNXj_AY-00023-00015926-00015976 1 year ago?
fDMUYNXj_AY-00024-00016388-00016656 1 year ago? (They forgot about Kcon in 2016)
fDMUYNXj_AY-00025-00016716-00016810 1 year ago???
fDMUYNXj_AY-00026-00016826-00017176 It was 1 year ago that we came?
fDMUYNXj_AY-00027-00017254-00017812 *Everybody is screaming Kcon, then they remembered)
fDMUYNXj_AY-00028-00017846-00018172 Seungyun: We don't like kcon ok?*hahaha*
fDMUYNXj_AY-00029-00018486-00018968 Seungyun: so, 2 years ago then * he really doesn't like kcon xD*
fDMUYNXj_AY-00030-00019114-00020140 I think that among the countries in Europe it is in France that we came more often.
fDMUYNXj_AY-00031-00020312-00021194 That's why we came very earlier today
fDMUYNXj_AY-00032-00021314-00021682 To go shopping
fDMUYNXj_AY-00033-00021846-00022702 Now we don't even need google maps to walk in Paris.
fDMUYNXj_AY-00034-00023338-00023958 No, actually we just get to go to places we love.
fDMUYNXj_AY-00035-00024386-00025512 It makes me really happy to see you tonight
fDMUYNXj_AY-00036-00025633-00026616 We know very well that French fans have a lot of energy, we have nothing to worry about tonight
fDMUYNXj_AY-00037-00027156-00027616 I hope you're going to sing a lot with me
fDMUYNXj_AY-00038-00027958-00028424 So are you ready to party tonight?
fDMUYNXj_AY-00039-00028595-00028768 Ok, Let's go!
fFncmGKA6zg-00000-00000176-00000597 Houtan Noushmehr: Anyhow, so I kind of just like to thank everyone
fFncmGKA6zg-00001-00000597-00001076 for inviting me and the organizers, and also to let you guys know that I was -- I gave
fFncmGKA6zg-00002-00001076-00001714 this talk about 2009, almost seven, eight years ago, among the same group of people.
fFncmGKA6zg-00003-00001714-00002075 But we didn't call it the symposium; we called it the TCGA Jamboree [spelled phonetically].
fFncmGKA6zg-00004-00002075-00002451 I’m sure a lot of you guys probably remember that.
fFncmGKA6zg-00005-00002451-00003497 Those were some good times, and today I'm going to talk about the efforts that was -- no,
fFncmGKA6zg-00006-00003497-00003887 that’s not it.
fFncmGKA6zg-00007-00003887-00004151 It’s a PDF.
fFncmGKA6zg-00008-00004151-00004385 Right there.
fFncmGKA6zg-00009-00004385-00004735 That fourth one.
fFncmGKA6zg-00010-00004735-00004853 Yeah.
fFncmGKA6zg-00011-00004853-00005105 Can you just go view?
fFncmGKA6zg-00012-00005105-00005444 Male Speaker: [inaudible]
fFncmGKA6zg-00013-00005444-00006010 Houtan Noushmehr: [affirmative] Okay, great.
fFncmGKA6zg-00014-00006010-00006584 All right, so -- yeah, so the talk -- the title is "Pan-Glioma Integrative Analysis,
fFncmGKA6zg-00015-00006584-00007244 A TCG Projects Since 2006," and I’m one of three co-chairs Roel Verhaak and Antonio
fFncmGKA6zg-00016-00007244-00007868 Iavarone are leading this project and this analysis, so I represent the TCGA LGG and
fFncmGKA6zg-00017-00007868-00008139 GBM Analysis Working Group.
fFncmGKA6zg-00018-00008139-00008674 So brain cancer, as we know, is divided among grades and histologies, as was shown by Laila's
fFncmGKA6zg-00019-00008674-00008992 presentation earlier today.
fFncmGKA6zg-00020-00008992-00009463 Glioblastoma multiforme is representative of high-grade, grade IV, typically of astrocytoma
fFncmGKA6zg-00021-00009463-00010202 is like cell types, generally have poor survival, whereas the lower grade gliomas are diffuse,
fFncmGKA6zg-00022-00010202-00010559 generally grade II and grade III, with mixed histology.
fFncmGKA6zg-00023-00010559-00010999 Astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas [spelled phonetically], astrocytomas with an overall
fFncmGKA6zg-00024-00010999-00011166 better survival.
fFncmGKA6zg-00025-00011166-00011834 So generally, we consider histological grading adversely correlates with outcome, and since
fFncmGKA6zg-00026-00011834-00012554 2006, as you all know, TCGA started with three primary pilot tumor studies, GBM being one
fFncmGKA6zg-00027-00012554-00012678 of them.
fFncmGKA6zg-00028-00012678-00013295 And GBM actually was one of the first marker papers that came out of our group, and I'm
fFncmGKA6zg-00029-00013295-00014041 calling it as here version 1.0 because subsequently, in 2013, Cameron Brannan and Roel Verhaak
fFncmGKA6zg-00030-00014041-00014599 and others and myself, we published a second marker paper, version 2.0, with an expanded
fFncmGKA6zg-00031-00014599-00014734 TCGA set.
fFncmGKA6zg-00032-00014734-00015545 And in between that, we published two companion papers, looking both at gene expression profiling
fFncmGKA6zg-00033-00015545-00016051 for these GBMs as well as DNA methylation profiling, where we identified a very specific,
fFncmGKA6zg-00034-00016051-00016285 unique subtype, which we termed G-CIMP.
fFncmGKA6zg-00035-00016285-00017159 So, you know, we’re very happy to note that TCGA produced four outstanding papers with
fFncmGKA6zg-00036-00017159-00018071 high impacts and high citations, and the first -- or this version 2.0 marker paper, in 2013,
fFncmGKA6zg-00037-00018071-00018630 was actually presented by Roel Verhaak within the same meeting, then in the second TCGA
fFncmGKA6zg-00038-00018630-00019033 symposium, so I put up a link in here so you can view the YouTube if you like.
fFncmGKA6zg-00039-00019033-00019423 But I just want to highlight three main points from that paper because it relates to what
fFncmGKA6zg-00040-00019423-00019618 I'm going to present to you later today.
fFncmGKA6zg-00041-00019618-00020056 So the first thing that we've identified was we identified novel mutations and rearrangements
fFncmGKA6zg-00042-00020056-00020454 in EGFR, using our expanded data set.
fFncmGKA6zg-00043-00020454-00020957 Promoter mutation correlates with expression, suggesting a role in tumors’ reactivation,
fFncmGKA6zg-00044-00020957-00021453 and the G-CIMP, the champion there, was confirmed with best overall survival.
fFncmGKA6zg-00045-00021453-00022202 IDH1 IDH2 mutation has been well studied now in gliomas, we -- and among others, reported
fFncmGKA6zg-00046-00022202-00022927 a high correlation with IDH mutation with an impact on DNA methylation as represented
fFncmGKA6zg-00047-00022927-00023481 here, G-CIMPs having the lowest -- or I’m sorry -- the highest methylation pattern among
fFncmGKA6zg-00048-00023481-00024215 all high-grade GBMs, generally defined as being younger, the age of onset, better survival,
fFncmGKA6zg-00049-00024215-00024581 and, as I said, associated with IDH1 mutation.
fFncmGKA6zg-00050-00024581-00025231 And we've also shown that this is highly represented among the lower grade gliomas, among other
fFncmGKA6zg-00051-00025231-00025331 people.
fFncmGKA6zg-00052-00025331-00025672 So what we did here, to kind of give you a bird’s eye view of the genomic landscape
fFncmGKA6zg-00053-00025672-00026352 across all TCGA tumors, this is -- we pulled down 10,000 plus tumor types across 34 different
fFncmGKA6zg-00054-00026352-00026904 tumor types, calculated the average mean methylation level for each sample and plotted it here
fFncmGKA6zg-00055-00026904-00027473 on a box plot and then sorted by the overall mean distribution per tumor type.
fFncmGKA6zg-00056-00027473-00028007 And what you can see is that the LGGs has the highest overall methylation level across
fFncmGKA6zg-00057-00028007-00028444 all these different tumor types, whereas the testicular cancer, kind of the positive control
fFncmGKA6zg-00058-00028444-00028910 there, has the lowest methylation level, as expected since seminomas are mostly un-methylated.
fFncmGKA6zg-00059-00028910-00029842 IDH mutations correlates with favorable outcome in GBM and astrocytomas, and the main marker
fFncmGKA6zg-00060-00029842-00030458 paper that came out -- well, that’s be coming out in the coming weeks, was also presented
fFncmGKA6zg-00061-00030458-00030845 last year by Daniel Brat, and again I’m not going to go through any of the topics
fFncmGKA6zg-00062-00030845-00031295 that he mentioned, and I'll just give you guys a link up here if you want to watch his
fFncmGKA6zg-00063-00031295-00031395 video.
fFncmGKA6zg-00064-00031395-00031761 But the main things that we are reporting in this paper is that we were identifying
fFncmGKA6zg-00065-00031761-00032269 three major clusters, Laila kind of represented that earlier today, IDH mutant codels, so
fFncmGKA6zg-00066-00032269-00032868 these are samples that had the codeletions of the 1P19 co-arm; IDH mutants with non-codels,
fFncmGKA6zg-00067-00032868-00033422 and then there’s a subset of IDH wild type, and as Laila had represented, these are generally
fFncmGKA6zg-00068-00033422-00033596 of GMB-like.
fFncmGKA6zg-00069-00033596-00034017 So we have IDH wild type, regardless of histology, had genomic aberrations and clinical behavior
fFncmGKA6zg-00070-00034017-00034549 is similar to primary glioblastomas, nearly all IDH mutant LGGs without the codel deletion
fFncmGKA6zg-00071-00034549-00034944 had mutations in P53, ATRX and so forth.
fFncmGKA6zg-00072-00034944-00035492 And LGGs that were IDH mutant and codel had the most favorable clinical outcomes and were
fFncmGKA6zg-00073-00035492-00036043 associated with mutations among the CIC, FUBP1, NOTCH1, and the TERT promoters.
fFncmGKA6zg-00074-00036043-00037153 So these two efforts by TCGA expanded our insight into the glioma field, particularly
fFncmGKA6zg-00075-00037153-00037481 looking at the molecular, associated with the clinical phenotypes.
fFncmGKA6zg-00076-00037481-00037934 And given this, we then formed an analysis working group that started about one and a
fFncmGKA6zg-00077-00037934-00038034 half years ago.
fFncmGKA6zg-00078-00038034-00038296 We are currently in the writing stage.
fFncmGKA6zg-00079-00038296-00038935 Again this is -- the idea behind this is to then look and understand the characteristics
fFncmGKA6zg-00080-00038935-00039517 molecular features between lower grade gliomas and GBM and also, given this larger, expanded
fFncmGKA6zg-00081-00039517-00040271 data set, can we then understand the relationship between those GBM-like LGGs, as well as the
fFncmGKA6zg-00082-00040271-00040693 G-CIMP phenotypes that are very similar to the LGG phenotype.
fFncmGKA6zg-00083-00040693-00041040 Now that we have this expanded set, can we now learn more about that.
fFncmGKA6zg-00084-00041040-00041435 So the clinical molecular characteristics of the glioma data set that we have through
fFncmGKA6zg-00085-00041435-00042028 TCGA includes over 1122 samples, majority of them are GBMs, but there’s an almost
fFncmGKA6zg-00086-00042028-00042340 -- an even mix between GBMs and LGGs.
fFncmGKA6zg-00087-00042340-00042790 Since the new paper that's coming out in “New England Journal of Medicine,” which profiled
fFncmGKA6zg-00088-00042790-00043499 289 LGGs, we’ve expanded that now with an additional 290, and IDH status are known for
fFncmGKA6zg-00089-00043499-00043751 over 87 percent of the samples.
fFncmGKA6zg-00090-00043751-00044357 So molecular profiling of the largest glioma data set to date, we have a diverse set of
fFncmGKA6zg-00091-00044357-00044637 platforms that we've used.
fFncmGKA6zg-00092-00044637-00045129 Again, this is going historical here from 2006 beyond, so you can imagine that the technologies
fFncmGKA6zg-00093-00045129-00045335 have advanced considerably during this time.
fFncmGKA6zg-00094-00045335-00045721 So there were a lot of different platforms are being represented per experiment.
fFncmGKA6zg-00095-00045721-00046305 But the major experiments that we've profiled and have for this particular data set includes
fFncmGKA6zg-00096-00046305-00046761 gene expression, DNA copy number, DNA methylation somatic mutations.
fFncmGKA6zg-00097-00046761-00047168 So the overall genomic landscape that we've found looking at this entire panglioma data
fFncmGKA6zg-00098-00047168-00047799 set is that GISTIC identified 57 disjoint applications with 105 deletion -- deleted
fFncmGKA6zg-00099-00047799-00047899 regions.
fFncmGKA6zg-00100-00047899-00048407 They’re very large megabase regions across 1,000 glioma patients.
fFncmGKA6zg-00101-00048407-00048718 MutSig identified 100 candidate gene.
fFncmGKA6zg-00102-00048718-00049217 This was profiled across three different centers, 30 of which were previously-reported, both
fFncmGKA6zg-00103-00049217-00049788 from the first marker paper in GBM and the new marker paper that's coming out.
fFncmGKA6zg-00104-00049788-00050330 And again, the usual suspects, IDH1, P53, ATRX, EGFR, PTEN, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, and NF1
fFncmGKA6zg-00105-00050330-00050923 have all been represented, additional -- with an additional set of 70 genes that are now
fFncmGKA6zg-00106-00050923-00051025 being reported.
fFncmGKA6zg-00107-00051025-00051305 And here's just a snapshot of some of these genes.
fFncmGKA6zg-00108-00051305-00051879 What we are now able to get from this larger sample set power [spelled phonetically] is
fFncmGKA6zg-00109-00051879-00052633 that we can get lower frequent numbers of mutant events, so -- and these are candidates
fFncmGKA6zg-00110-00052633-00053528 for oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, so such as SETD2, ARID2, KRAS, DNMT3A, and
fFncmGKA6zg-00111-00053528-00054113 NRAS, and so forth, that have not ever been reported in either GBM or LGGs, and so we’re
fFncmGKA6zg-00112-00054113-00054538 now able to now report this in this new manage group.
fFncmGKA6zg-00113-00054538-00054957 Looking at the overall genomic landscape Floris said what he’d done was organize the patients
fFncmGKA6zg-00114-00054957-00055450 according to those three major clusters that we are looking at -- the IDH mutants, the
fFncmGKA6zg-00115-00055450-00056254 IDH mutant non-codels and IDH wild type; and then here, selecting specific genes associated
fFncmGKA6zg-00116-00056254-00056864 with particular pathways, such as cell cycle, the RAS pathway, apoptosis, chromatin modifiers,
fFncmGKA6zg-00117-00056864-00057159 and toward not signaling in cohesion.
fFncmGKA6zg-00118-00057159-00057691 And what we can see from here from this global landscape is that the vast majority of the
fFncmGKA6zg-00119-00057691-00058324 IDH wild type are represented by cell cycle and RAS pathways, as well as the mTOR pathway,
fFncmGKA6zg-00120-00058324-00058876 whereas the IDH mutant non-codels are dominated by apoptotic -- apoptosis-related genes as
fFncmGKA6zg-00121-00058876-00059417 well as chromatin modifiers, and the IDH mutant codels are dominated by the notch signaling
fFncmGKA6zg-00122-00059417-00059583 [spelled phonetically].
fFncmGKA6zg-00123-00059583-00060102 What we also did was looked at the relationship between ATRX and TERP promoter mutations.
fFncmGKA6zg-00124-00060102-00060600 We found that they’re mutually exclusive in our cohort, as was reported in several
fFncmGKA6zg-00125-00060600-00060900 recent articles in the past couple years.
fFncmGKA6zg-00126-00060900-00061548 One thing that we did, though, do with this data set was use the normal tumor blood samples,
fFncmGKA6zg-00127-00061548-00062016 and estimated that tumor length -- a tumor link for each of these tumors, and then associated
fFncmGKA6zg-00128-00062016-00062533 that with whether they’re ATRX mutants or TERP promoter mutants.
fFncmGKA6zg-00129-00062533-00063016 And what we found was that the TERP promoter mutant subgroups have a lower tumor length
fFncmGKA6zg-00130-00063016-00063691 overall compared to their normal partners, whereas the ATRX mutants have a longer tumor
fFncmGKA6zg-00131-00063691-00063971 length.
fFncmGKA6zg-00132-00063971-00064746 The RNA sequencing data, we have over 667 gliomas represented here, defines four major
fFncmGKA6zg-00133-00064746-00065295 clusters, three of them dominated by IDH mutants and one of them dominated by the IDH wild
fFncmGKA6zg-00134-00065295-00065475 type.
fFncmGKA6zg-00135-00065475-00066067 We've also looked at DNA methylation, identified two macro clusters dominated by IDH mutants
fFncmGKA6zg-00136-00066067-00066705 and IDH wild type, and within each of these groups, we have three sub-clusters, LGM1,
fFncmGKA6zg-00137-00066705-00067099 so we’re calling every -- all the clusters from here on out LG, as lower-grade glioma
fFncmGKA6zg-00138-00067099-00067442 and GBM, and then M would represent the platform.
fFncmGKA6zg-00139-00067442-00067695 So in that case, for the expression, we’ll call it LGR.
fFncmGKA6zg-00140-00067695-00068202 And so in here, we’re calling it LGM1, 2, and 3, dominated by IDH mutants, and LG 4,
fFncmGKA6zg-00141-00068202-00068402 5, and 6 are the wild types.
fFncmGKA6zg-00142-00068402-00068986 And there’s a split between the GBMs and the LGGs.
fFncmGKA6zg-00143-00068986-00069475 We -- in collaboration with Sophie, she was able to -- and her team were able to merge
fFncmGKA6zg-00144-00069475-00070142 the two expression and methylation data to generate a tumor map, and then overlaying
fFncmGKA6zg-00145-00070142-00070787 that with simple types defined by the four different clusters by expression and six different
fFncmGKA6zg-00146-00070787-00070972 clusters by methylation.
fFncmGKA6zg-00147-00070972-00071501 And you can see they nicely separate the IDH mutants and the IDH wild types.
fFncmGKA6zg-00148-00071501-00072012 What we also looked at, and it was quite interesting, is that the IDH mutants are dominated by three
fFncmGKA6zg-00149-00072012-00072527 different clusters, and if you look at the genomic -- at the genomic profile, genome
fFncmGKA6zg-00150-00072527-00072922 wide is looking at over 20,000 probes per sample.
fFncmGKA6zg-00151-00072922-00073513 There's clearly a difference between LGM1, 2, and 3 by methylation, even though they
fFncmGKA6zg-00152-00073513-00073968 all are represented by IDH1 mutation status.
fFncmGKA6zg-00153-00073968-00074333 And even among the IDH wild type there are some differences between them.
fFncmGKA6zg-00154-00074333-00074737 So this is not looking at the methylation just at the heat map, but using the heat map
fFncmGKA6zg-00155-00074737-00075221 as a discovery, and then now looking at the entire genomic profile, and then seeing that
fFncmGKA6zg-00156-00075221-00075604 there is true stratifications genome wide.
fFncmGKA6zg-00157-00075604-00076214 Survival now shows that there's this strong stratification by these LGM methylation clusters.
fFncmGKA6zg-00158-00076214-00076834 LGM1, 2, and 3, which as I said are IDH mutants, they have a higher methylation profile, are
fFncmGKA6zg-00159-00076834-00077441 -- had the overall best survival, whereas there’s a subset of these IDH mutant, which
fFncmGKA6zg-00160-00077441-00077973 we termed LGM1 which have a lower survival, and this is quite significant, even after
fFncmGKA6zg-00161-00077973-00078277 adjustment by tumor type and age.
fFncmGKA6zg-00162-00078277-00078931 IDH wild type also shows as a striking difference in survival, whereas the LGM6 here, highlighted
fFncmGKA6zg-00163-00078931-00079402 in blue shows a tendency for an improved survival.
fFncmGKA6zg-00164-00079402-00079787 Now, I'm not going to talk about the wild type in this talk; we don't have a lot of
fFncmGKA6zg-00165-00079787-00079887 time.
fFncmGKA6zg-00166-00079887-00080106 But I'm going to go ahead and mentioned to you some of the findings that we've come up
fFncmGKA6zg-00167-00080106-00080417 within the LGM1 cohort.
fFncmGKA6zg-00168-00080417-00080877 So what we did, Patchy [spelled phonetically] here, a postdoc in my lab, she -- in collaboration
fFncmGKA6zg-00169-00080877-00081494 with Michele, took the DNA methylation data as well as the gene expression data -- and
fFncmGKA6zg-00170-00081494-00081996 I didn't tell you this earlier, but the LGM1s are dominated by the non-codels, and so to
fFncmGKA6zg-00171-00081996-00082760 eradicate any influences by the codels, we just focused only within the non-codel sub-cohort,
fFncmGKA6zg-00172-00082760-00083281 and then looked at the differences between this LGM1 and LGM2, since LGM2 is dominated
fFncmGKA6zg-00173-00083281-00083460 by the non-codels.
fFncmGKA6zg-00174-00083460-00083831 And what we found is that there is a lot of genes that have lost methylation compared
fFncmGKA6zg-00175-00083831-00083993 to the counterparts.
fFncmGKA6zg-00176-00083993-00084523 These are all associated within -- is all reference in relation to LGM1, and we also
fFncmGKA6zg-00177-00084523-00084948 find that genes that are upregulated and genes that are down regulated as they lose their
fFncmGKA6zg-00178-00084948-00085189 methylation.
fFncmGKA6zg-00179-00085189-00085824 So interestingly, when we take these 179 probes that we've identified as being different between
fFncmGKA6zg-00180-00085824-00086524 these LGM1 cohort and the LGM2 cohort, what you find is that the dominant difference is
fFncmGKA6zg-00181-00086524-00086836 not just the entire cohort of the LGM1 non-codels.
fFncmGKA6zg-00182-00086836-00087485 I remind you again the LGM1s were defined by a discovery panel that was designed to
fFncmGKA6zg-00183-00087485-00087647 look at tumor specific probes.
fFncmGKA6zg-00184-00087647-00088055 Now, when we do a more supervised analysis given that discovery and analysis, we now
fFncmGKA6zg-00185-00088055-00088862 discover a substructure within the LGM1, this hypo-class within the LGM1, and it’s represented
fFncmGKA6zg-00186-00088862-00089492 even in a different data set, like gene expression data sets, which had a pronounced expression
fFncmGKA6zg-00187-00089492-00089768 pattern elevated within this cohort.
fFncmGKA6zg-00188-00089768-00090118 You can see the second track there with the black and the white.
fFncmGKA6zg-00189-00090118-00090662 The blacks are the GBMs and whites are the LGGs, so it’s not just high-grade GBMs that
fFncmGKA6zg-00190-00090662-00090836 are dominated within this feature.
fFncmGKA6zg-00191-00090836-00091191 There's a mix of some LGGs as well in there.
fFncmGKA6zg-00192-00091191-00091742 So she then looked at the overall mean methylation level and, lo and behold, those guys are -- genome-wide
fFncmGKA6zg-00193-00091742-00092456 are much lower methylation than the reciprocal LGM1 hyper group as well as the LGM2 hyper
fFncmGKA6zg-00194-00092456-00092556 group.
fFncmGKA6zg-00195-00092556-00092967 And now, when we looked at survival based on this new stratification, you see now that
fFncmGKA6zg-00196-00092967-00093748 the dominant trend for poor survival within that LGM1 IDH mutant codel or non-codel subtype,
fFncmGKA6zg-00197-00093748-00094335 dominated by this hypo phenotype within the LGM1, whereas the LGM1 hyper group is at elevated
fFncmGKA6zg-00198-00094335-00095102 survival, similar to its counterparts in the LGM2 and LGM3.
fFncmGKA6zg-00199-00095102-00095867 So we set out to then investigate genome wide, given that we have a 450K platform that many
fFncmGKA6zg-00200-00095867-00096261 of you probably have worked with and know very, very extensively, that these not only
fFncmGKA6zg-00201-00096261-00096820 covers canonical promoters, but also covers intergenic regions, such as enhancers -- candidate
fFncmGKA6zg-00202-00096820-00097027 enhancers and silencers.
fFncmGKA6zg-00203-00097027-00097730 And so what we set out to do was look at all these features that we have, given the differences
fFncmGKA6zg-00204-00097730-00098193 between these two platforms, and see whether we can find genomic features that unique,
fFncmGKA6zg-00205-00098193-00098598 and what we found is that -- is that there -- I don't know if I have a pointer.
fFncmGKA6zg-00206-00098598-00099050 Yeah -- 67 percent of our set of probes that we find are enriched in the open seas here,
fFncmGKA6zg-00207-00099050-00099217 in these intergenic regions.
fFncmGKA6zg-00208-00099217-00099673 And when we do a motif analysis to find a genomic signature, we find that Sox2 in the
fFncmGKA6zg-00209-00099673-00100383 Sox family motif factor is prominent and enriched within these cohorts of probes.
fFncmGKA6zg-00210-00100383-00100910 And it's -- we also found that the expression of Sox to be elevated 12 out of the -- I’m
fFncmGKA6zg-00211-00100910-00101480 sorry -- 10 out of the 12 Sox families are elevated in this cohort compared to this LGM2
fFncmGKA6zg-00212-00101480-00101608 cohort.
fFncmGKA6zg-00213-00101608-00101843 We then set out to validate this data.
fFncmGKA6zg-00214-00101843-00102358 We pulled in DNA methylation data that was recently reported in Nature.
fFncmGKA6zg-00215-00102358-00103051 These are all IDH mutant cohorts, and using the same probe set that we have here, given
fFncmGKA6zg-00216-00103051-00103679 this new data set, non-TCGA data mind you, we can now then see that there are three samples
fFncmGKA6zg-00217-00103679-00103967 of very low methylation level here.
fFncmGKA6zg-00218-00103967-00104504 And if you look at our data set here, we have 25 that we’re identifying at LGM1-hypo.
fFncmGKA6zg-00219-00104504-00104913 This represents roughly a frequency rate of about five and a half percent of our data
fFncmGKA6zg-00220-00104913-00105284 set, and in their data set, three out of 49 represent six percent.
fFncmGKA6zg-00221-00105284-00105829 So it’s kind of nice that the frequency is represented here.
fFncmGKA6zg-00222-00105829-00106454 So one last thing, we also looked and tried to identify epigenetically silent biomarkers
fFncmGKA6zg-00223-00106454-00106930 or prognostic biomarkers that defines these differences in survival.
fFncmGKA6zg-00224-00106930-00107621 What Thais did, a student in my lab, she defined five different regulatory groups; we’re
fFncmGKA6zg-00225-00107621-00107979 calling them e-regs [spelled phonetically], epigenetically regulated group one, two, three,
fFncmGKA6zg-00226-00107979-00108079 four, and five.
fFncmGKA6zg-00227-00108079-00108654 These are groups of genes that are hyper-methylated within a group of patients that we now know
fFncmGKA6zg-00228-00108654-00109247 are different in survival, in clinical output, compared to all the other ones, and here,
fFncmGKA6zg-00229-00109247-00109622 these are some non-TCGA tumor brain samples here.
fFncmGKA6zg-00230-00109622-00110019 And then we took the RNA sequencing data, so for example, these cohorts of genes here
fFncmGKA6zg-00231-00110019-00110529 are hyper-methylated and their gene expression for those same genes are down regulated and
fFncmGKA6zg-00232-00110529-00110677 upregulated than all the other ones.
fFncmGKA6zg-00233-00110677-00111136 And again, here, this is representative of the IDH mutant as a whole.
fFncmGKA6zg-00234-00111136-00111390 Down regulated, upregulated, and so forth.
fFncmGKA6zg-00235-00111390-00111884 You can see that there are sets of genes here that are well defining each of these different
fFncmGKA6zg-00236-00111884-00112183 survival groups.
fFncmGKA6zg-00237-00112183-00112800 So obviously, this is not as important unless you can validate this, and so we did validate
fFncmGKA6zg-00238-00112800-00112900 this.
fFncmGKA6zg-00239-00112900-00113413 We pulled in four different publications that was recently published within the last two
fFncmGKA6zg-00240-00113413-00113540 years.
fFncmGKA6zg-00241-00113540-00114159 Edelburg Sturm [spelled phonetically] paper here, looking at 136 GBMs among 59 pediatrics
fFncmGKA6zg-00242-00114159-00114761 and some adults, 61 pilocytic astrocytomas; these are tumor types of low grade, grade
fFncmGKA6zg-00243-00114761-00115032 I types.
fFncmGKA6zg-00244-00115032-00115645 Lower grade gliomas here, mix of non-codels and codels, as well as 46 oligodendroglioma
fFncmGKA6zg-00245-00115645-00116148 tumors, and you can see very clearly using these same sets of genes here that we've identified
fFncmGKA6zg-00246-00116148-00116793 using the TCGA cohort, you can see that they’re very well reproduced within these sample sets,
fFncmGKA6zg-00247-00116793-00117292 and then we also then were able to classify these data according to our subtypes of LGM1,
fFncmGKA6zg-00248-00117292-00117555 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
fFncmGKA6zg-00249-00117555-00117867 The survival, very similar to what we're producing.
fFncmGKA6zg-00250-00117867-00118483 Obviously, we have the advantage of a larger data set, so this LGM1 cohort is representative
fFncmGKA6zg-00251-00118483-00119167 of 55 samples, whereas in our validations that we were able to identify seven in their
fFncmGKA6zg-00252-00119167-00119267 cohort.
fFncmGKA6zg-00253-00119267-00119571 Yet there's still a nice trend for the similar profile.
fFncmGKA6zg-00254-00119571-00120134 Okay, so I’ve got 30 seconds and just going to end here with a summary of four major points.
fFncmGKA6zg-00255-00120134-00120739 One, we identified several novel genes that likely contributions to gliomagenesis.
fFncmGKA6zg-00256-00120739-00121117 We showed that mutations in TERT and ATRX have an impact on tumor length.
fFncmGKA6zg-00257-00121117-00121598 We identified molecularly tumor subtypes that defied traditional histology, and we identified
fFncmGKA6zg-00258-00121598-00122036 epigenetically regulated genes that can predict patient outcome.
fFncmGKA6zg-00259-00122036-00122383 And again, I just want to acknowledge some of the key people who have worked on this
fFncmGKA6zg-00260-00122383-00122483 project.
fFncmGKA6zg-00261-00122483-00122884 Again, this is a project since 2006, so every member here has contributed significantly
fFncmGKA6zg-00262-00122884-00123076 to this work.
fFncmGKA6zg-00263-00123076-00123605 But leading this project right now is myself, Roel Verhaak, and Antonio Iavarone, as well
fFncmGKA6zg-00264-00123605-00124142 as Floris, a student in Roel's lab, Michele, a collaborator of ours from Italy, and two
fFncmGKA6zg-00265-00124142-00124696 of my students here, Tathiane Malta and Thais Sabedot, who have been doing lots of work
fFncmGKA6zg-00266-00124696-00125261 on the epigenetics, and again lots of people involved in this project as well as the analysis
fFncmGKA6zg-00267-00125261-00126038 working groups from GBM to LGG are being represented here, so thank you very much.
fFncmGKA6zg-00268-00126038-00126261 [applause]
fFncmGKA6zg-00269-00126261-00127052 Male Speaker: It's is a metabolic gene.
fFncmGKA6zg-00270-00127052-00127463 Do you expect to see differences and have you looked for difference the metabolic profiles
fFncmGKA6zg-00271-00127463-00127571 of the tumors?
fFncmGKA6zg-00272-00127571-00127834 Houtan Noushmehr: No, we did not look at that.
fFncmGKA6zg-00273-00127834-00128053 But yeah, we would expect to see something if we had.
fFncmGKA6zg-00274-00128053-00128376 Maybe the proteomic data can help us with that, but we just didn’t have -- again,
fFncmGKA6zg-00275-00128376-00128658 you have to understand that GBMs were started in 2006.
fFncmGKA6zg-00276-00128658-00129115 Proteomic stuff hasn’t started until later on, so we’re underpowered there.
fFncmGKA6zg-00277-00129115-00129651 Female Speaker: I know the TCGA was not really designed to
fFncmGKA6zg-00278-00129651-00130333 have clinical impact, but this is such a terrible disease, and I know brain cancers were selected
fFncmGKA6zg-00279-00130333-00130958 to be an important TCGA tumor type, because prognosis is so bad.
fFncmGKA6zg-00280-00130958-00131416 Do you think that there's anything that you've done here that will have an impact on patient
fFncmGKA6zg-00281-00131416-00131516 care?
fFncmGKA6zg-00282-00131516-00132100 And of course you can't count the discovery of IDH1, which you know came from another
fFncmGKA6zg-00283-00132100-00132200 group.
fFncmGKA6zg-00284-00132200-00132313 Houtan Noushmehr: Yeah, right.
fFncmGKA6zg-00285-00132313-00132441 Female Speaker: Yeah.
fFncmGKA6zg-00286-00132441-00132866 Houtan Noushmehr: And definitely the clinical impact --
fFncmGKA6zg-00287-00132866-00132966 Female Speaker: No disrespect intended.
fFncmGKA6zg-00288-00132966-00133095 Houtan Noushmehr: The clinical impact of this is, I think is
fFncmGKA6zg-00289-00133095-00133195 pronounced.
fFncmGKA6zg-00290-00133195-00133586 It’s very strong because there are subsets of patients within the lower grade gliomas,
fFncmGKA6zg-00291-00133586-00134209 for example, that are wild type, that have differences clinically, as well as molecular
fFncmGKA6zg-00292-00134209-00134677 differences, and this is going to help at least for treatment protocols to define whether
fFncmGKA6zg-00293-00134677-00135641 they should be, you know, exhibiting a particular treatment protocol or not, so, thank you [laughs].
fFncmGKA6zg-00294-00135641-00135959 That’s a difficult question, but -- I’m not a clinician, so I don’t [laughs] -- it’s
fFncmGKA6zg-00295-00135959-00136059 okay.
fFncmGKA6zg-00296-00136059-00136159 Go ahead.
fFncmGKA6zg-00297-00136159-00136259 Male Speaker: I’m thinking of a big clinical impact because
fFncmGKA6zg-00298-00136259-00136477 I’m just looking at Antonio Iavarone, who’s near me.
fFncmGKA6zg-00299-00136477-00137296 The discovery of FGFR3 translocation, though I’m not sure that was, strictly speaking,
fFncmGKA6zg-00300-00137296-00137396 a TCGA thing.
fFncmGKA6zg-00301-00137396-00137646 But he’s part of the TCGA group.
fFncmGKA6zg-00302-00137646-00138071 But my question actually was about a different kinase that you mentioned, which was KDR,
fFncmGKA6zg-00303-00138071-00138351 and you talked about KDR as a new candidate oncogene.
fFncmGKA6zg-00304-00138351-00139336 But it’s part of the, you know, that’s really driven by the fact that it's part of
fFncmGKA6zg-00305-00139336-00139482 the same [unintelligible] as PDGFRA and KIT [spelled phonetically], and I’m wondering
fFncmGKA6zg-00306-00139482-00140649 what’s the evidence for KDR being a separate actual target of the amplification or driver
fFncmGKA6zg-00307-00140649-00140798 oncogene, just wondering if you can comment on that.
fFncmGKA6zg-00308-00140798-00140915 Houtan Noushmehr: Yeah, oh, I really can’t answer that question
fFncmGKA6zg-00309-00140915-00141312 effectively, and I’m just going to have to say there’s just a lower number of samples
fFncmGKA6zg-00310-00141312-00141841 we’re looking at, about five samples or 10 samples that exhibit this particular mutation.
fFncmGKA6zg-00311-00141841-00142496 But yeah, I'm going to have to defer to Antonio for that.
fFncmGKA6zg-00312-00142496-00143435 Female Speaker: So Houtan, I was just thinking, am I being
fFncmGKA6zg-00313-00143435-00143773 pulled in to look at those five mutations and see where they land.
fFncmGKA6zg-00314-00143773-00143904 Houtan Noushmehr: Okay.
fFncmGKA6zg-00315-00143904-00144038 Female Speaker: Yeah.
fFncmGKA6zg-00316-00144038-00144329 Houtan Noushmehr: I hope Roel is listening [laughs].
fFncmGKA6zg-00317-00144329-00144553 Female Speaker: [laughs] Okay.
fFncmGKA6zg-00318-00144553-00144666 Thank you very much, Houtan.
fFncmGKA6zg-00319-00144666-00145265 We are going to move on to the next talk.
fFncmGKA6zg-00320-00145265-00145413 [applause]
fFncmGKA6zg-00321-00145413-00146240 So Angeliki Pantazi from Harvard Medical School will talk about the somatic structure rearrangement
fFncmGKA6zg-00322-00146240-00146340 in RAS pathway.
fFncmGKA6zg-00323-00146340-00146358 [end of transcript]
fNYRmul9zeU-00000-00000292-00000342 Hi
fNYRmul9zeU-00001-00000413-00000792 In this video, I will try to explain Metasploit Framework installation
fNYRmul9zeU-00002-00000806-00001308 This explanation can be used on any distribution based on Debian, Ubuntu
fNYRmul9zeU-00003-00001376-00001962 I will use my blog post while showing the necessary steps.
fNYRmul9zeU-00004-00002076-00002394 Let me give a little info about metasploit framework.
fOYBLlg9W6g-00000-00000289-00000700 Hi there! I am Koque, Âscent's singer.
fOYBLlg9W6g-00001-00000722-00001000 What you're about to listen
fOYBLlg9W6g-00002-00001034-00001359 is called Vate's Song
fOYBLlg9W6g-00003-00001368-00001566 and is the second single
fOYBLlg9W6g-00004-00001566-00001863 from our next studio album
fOYBLlg9W6g-00005-00001863-00002144 FORWARD
fOYBLlg9W6g-00006-00002186-00002600 In the situation we're now involved
fOYBLlg9W6g-00007-00002645-00003200 with everybody home because of Covid-19 crisis
fOYBLlg9W6g-00008-00003200-00003700 we had the idea of recording a video from our homes
fOYBLlg9W6g-00009-00003700-00004399 We had the aim of testifying the situation we're living
fOYBLlg9W6g-00010-00004413-00004705 Also to escape the routine
fOYBLlg9W6g-00011-00004705-00005100 and to keep on participating on
fOYBLlg9W6g-00012-00005100-00005474 what illusions us the most, making music
fOYBLlg9W6g-00013-00005474-00005900 and in third term, to entertain you for some minutes.
fOYBLlg9W6g-00014-00006100-00006600 Moreover, this situation is related to the lyrics
fOYBLlg9W6g-00015-00006600-00007100 because the main character, the vate,
fOYBLlg9W6g-00016-00007100-00007800 says that in the good times we are a selfish race
fOYBLlg9W6g-00017-00007840-00008098 But in the bad moments, when everything is complicated,
fOYBLlg9W6g-00018-00008113-00008700 we seem to act supporting each others
fOYBLlg9W6g-00020-00009010-00010000 so it's a reflection on what defines us as individuals and as a race.
fOYBLlg9W6g-00021-00010083-00010275 Not much to say...
fOYBLlg9W6g-00022-00010275-00010400 We hope you'll like the song a lot
fOYBLlg9W6g-00023-00010400-00010732 we've done it with all our illusion
fOYBLlg9W6g-00024-00010732-00011200 and if you have one more minute to give us your comments
fOYBLlg9W6g-00025-00011200-00011500 and to subscribe to the channel, we'll appreciate.
fOYBLlg9W6g-00026-00011600-00012164 Please, be careful...we'll overcome!!! Bye!!!
fQBGpU5pyfE-00000-00000000-00000597 Heyyyy Everybody, Galucia here and it's been a while since I've said that and I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00001-00000597-00001788 am joined with Viper and Scale *Gang says Hi* aww it looks you guys timed that was adorable so
fQBGpU5pyfE-00002-00001788-00002147 really really quick I don't want to waste a lot of time talking about it but
fQBGpU5pyfE-00003-00002147-00002547 some of my viewers that are probably like super new to the channel and never
fQBGpU5pyfE-00004-00002547-00002892 knew me from before I know me as Paul and had no idea that my name was ever
fQBGpU5pyfE-00005-00002892-00003342 Galucia before that's my online moniker and I was trying something a little bit
fQBGpU5pyfE-00006-00003342-00003629 different with this YouTube channel and I was like maybe I'll just go by my real
fQBGpU5pyfE-00007-00003629-00003885 name but I decided to really don't like it
fQBGpU5pyfE-00008-00003885-00004452 because I've been known as Galucia for so long in like the video game world and
fQBGpU5pyfE-00009-00004452-00004911 on the YouTube world from my last channel that it just felt a little bit
fQBGpU5pyfE-00010-00004911-00005403 too unnatural for me so I decided just to go back to using like my Galucia
fQBGpU5pyfE-00011-00005403-00005757 moniker so for those of you that already like notice like the channel's name
fQBGpU5pyfE-00012-00005757-00006144 switching and stuff and you were like what's this Galucia  nonsense like
fQBGpU5pyfE-00013-00006144-00006426 that's that's what's going on and I don't really feel like addressing it
fQBGpU5pyfE-00014-00006426-00007008 beyond that but here's what we're doing today so I was in the game earlier just
fQBGpU5pyfE-00015-00007008-00007431 gathering basic resources to help speed things along and I did a bunch of trips
fQBGpU5pyfE-00016-00007431-00008238 back and forth from Novus to bring back s tons of lithium and so here's a bunch
fQBGpU5pyfE-00017-00008238-00008711 of it here and iron you can see a bunch of that over there and a bunch of gas
fQBGpU5pyfE-00018-00008711-00009086 which I think I was putting over here somewhere for now because I didn't
fQBGpU5pyfE-00019-00009086-00009902 really have anywhere for it. where do I put the gas *Scale chimes in on location* yeah it's next to the iron so
fQBGpU5pyfE-00020-00009902-00010461 so we have that to play with but it's starting to go to another planet because
fQBGpU5pyfE-00021-00010461-00010788 we really need to start finding Wolframite and bringing that back so we're
fQBGpU5pyfE-00022-00010788-00011388 actually gonna go to the moon of this planet and set up another base so I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00023-00011388-00011711 wanted to accomplish two things today I was hoping that the guys could help me
fQBGpU5pyfE-00024-00011711-00012417 start figuring this out okay my goal is I want to set up a shelter and the
fQBGpU5pyfE-00025-00012417-00013034 landing pad next to all of those like huge like beacon things you know with
fQBGpU5pyfE-00026-00013034-00013196 the beam shooting out of them
fQBGpU5pyfE-00027-00013196-00013704 and then like set up a proper like power station there to like power those things and that's what I want to do but
fQBGpU5pyfE-00028-00013704-00014200 to do that we're gonna need a chemist station so let me go get some Wolframite
fQBGpU5pyfE-00029-00014200-00014676 so here's what I'm bringing with me to disallow let's see we got a medium
fQBGpU5pyfE-00030-00014676-00015950 platform A, medium platform B, medium printer, small printer, medium battery
fQBGpU5pyfE-00031-00015983-00016761 another medium platform B, medium battery and then on my gun where I can
fQBGpU5pyfE-00032-00016761-00017988 fit Natural Resources I was gonna bring two resins and then Wolframite has no
fQBGpU5pyfE-00033-00017988-00018564 wind because it has no atmosphere but it has plenty of Sun so I'm bringing a
fQBGpU5pyfE-00034-00018564-00019043 small solar panel just to get things started
fQBGpU5pyfE-00035-00019127-00019779 but obviously I'll work on getting more solar setup shortly so scales gonna join
fQBGpU5pyfE-00036-00019779-00020250 me when he can I already replaced your rocket booster
fQBGpU5pyfE-00037-00020250-00021051 thingy yeah okay thank you so you're good for that so scale can bring the
fQBGpU5pyfE-00038-00021051-00021858 necessary resources to build like medium solar panels and then like we can make
fQBGpU5pyfE-00039-00021858-00022373 medium solar panels and we'll be fine but this is what I can fit on my back to
fQBGpU5pyfE-00040-00022373-00022887 start sounds what I'm gonna go do oh and a piece of quartz to make a beacon as
fQBGpU5pyfE-00041-00022887-00023456 always so I remember where I landed VIPRE you're gonna be on resource detail
fQBGpU5pyfE-00042-00023456-00024069 is that that extra law without the extra large the large thing that we put on the
fQBGpU5pyfE-00043-00024069-00024690 storage for resin we can totally fill that up with resin add more medium
fQBGpU5pyfE-00044-00024690-00024978 storage thingies to it on the other side of it and then do the same thing for
fQBGpU5pyfE-00045-00024978-00025307 compound and just like load up you know okay
fQBGpU5pyfE-00046-00025307-00025920 and then hopefully soon once we get the chem station we'll be able to build the
fQBGpU5pyfE-00047-00025920-00026303 larger spacecraft and then all three of us can get into it and then because my
fQBGpU5pyfE-00048-00026303-00026637 goal is for all the other planet explorations like we all travel together
fQBGpU5pyfE-00049-00026637-00027336 obviously yeah I feel really bad for it I feel bad for teaching you over yeah
fQBGpU5pyfE-00050-00027336-00028044 just ditching ok so there's I guess okay I can see this is probably gonna be the
fQBGpU5pyfE-00051-00028044-00029031 closest one to it okay so this landing site is not shoes too far from one of
fQBGpU5pyfE-00052-00029031-00029970 those be me thingamadoodles okay I said always in a crater hey one small step
fQBGpU5pyfE-00053-00029970-00031047 achievement nice huh whoa man there's a lot of I brought resin and I'll and it's
fQBGpU5pyfE-00054-00031047-00031686 like a jackpot of resin and compound like great at the landing site almost as
fQBGpU5pyfE-00055-00031686-00032019 if the game was saying this might be the first place they go to I'm gonna make it
fQBGpU5pyfE-00056-00032019-00032525 nice and easy for them but yeah let's build
fQBGpU5pyfE-00057-00032633-00033141 let's build up a platform here I'm actually see the platform you build glue
fQBGpU5pyfE-00058-00033141-00033558 from space and I can see your light that's actually really cool you can see
fQBGpU5pyfE-00059-00033558-00034131 the light from space yeah that's actually pretty impressive yeah I assume
fQBGpU5pyfE-00060-00034131-00034650 it's only so small that well that's true the moon is really tiny but still like I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00061-00034650-00034995 that's cool that they're actually rendering that that explains some of the
fQBGpU5pyfE-00062-00034995-00035568 issues they've decided to actually render laughs from space but that's
fQBGpU5pyfE-00063-00035568-00036401 pretty impressive okay when I flew here I had to medium batteries on my back
fQBGpU5pyfE-00064-00036401-00036810 like I'm gonna have to go back on the footage and look at it but there's so I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00065-00036810-00037512 have one medium battery sitting here that I placed and I can't if I don't
fQBGpU5pyfE-00066-00037512-00038013 have the other battery like I know I sub to okay hon I'm gonna count these things
fQBGpU5pyfE-00067-00038013-00039072 right now so I brought one two three four five six right okay I brought those
fQBGpU5pyfE-00068-00039072-00039600 six things so where's everything else that I brought yeah that's everything
fQBGpU5pyfE-00069-00039600-00040206 I'm right here I just made that so I brought this that and that that's three
fQBGpU5pyfE-00070-00040206-00040674 and then this this and that so that's six and I could fit eight things on my
fQBGpU5pyfE-00071-00040674-00041421 backpack so the other I died I know I brought a so I brought a medium platform
fQBGpU5pyfE-00072-00041421-00042045 a and another battery and I know I had a medium platform a I'm not crazy but all
fQBGpU5pyfE-00073-00042045-00042606 I have in front of me are two medium platform B's the medium platform a and
fQBGpU5pyfE-00074-00042606-00043028 the medium battery that I had on my backpack have literally disappeared I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00075-00043028-00043641 don't know at what point they went away like if it was like as soon as I arrived
fQBGpU5pyfE-00076-00043641-00044034 because I wasn't paying attention or if they just like off at some point like
fQBGpU5pyfE-00077-00044034-00044343 maybe I dropped them and they like fell through the earth or I'll I don't know
fQBGpU5pyfE-00078-00044343-00044955 but they're gone so we only have one battery that's under this platform so
fQBGpU5pyfE-00079-00044955-00045518 ridiculous because it's gonna like but up to the top of the mountain like
fQBGpU5pyfE-00080-00045869-00046411 I'm assuming you already explored this like tiny bit of like derelict
fQBGpU5pyfE-00081-00046411-00046819 something-or-other on the hill yeah if it's too near the tunnel I said yeah
fQBGpU5pyfE-00082-00046819-00047533 where are you oh my god no you didn't there's medium solar panel and a small
fQBGpU5pyfE-00083-00047533-00048196 battery here oh you're you know is that it's literally it's right next to this
fQBGpU5pyfE-00084-00048196-00048508 whole time I've been here I've been like oh man I need to get around the checking
fQBGpU5pyfE-00085-00048508-00048894 that it's literally right there and I finally get around to checking in
fQBGpU5pyfE-00086-00048894-00049480 there's a medium solar panel that's really useful don't you definitely have
fQBGpU5pyfE-00087-00049480-00050383 that yeah that that tether line was the one that we laid down whenever we did
fQBGpU5pyfE-00088-00050383-00050740 our little adventure in the mountains because I just went over that entire
fQBGpU5pyfE-00089-00050740-00052369 thing was dead someone probably just like mined up a one tether by accident
fQBGpU5pyfE-00090-00052369-00053367 yeah it's amazing it really must know I honestly think that the developers
fQBGpU5pyfE-00091-00053367-00053817 figured Oh like most players are probably gonna go to this planet first
fQBGpU5pyfE-00092-00053817-00054415 cuz it's right next to where they start let's give them a bunch of because there
fQBGpU5pyfE-00093-00054415-00055024 really is like yeah just I found so many medium solar panels and like now II am a
fQBGpU5pyfE-00094-00055024-00055597 turn by and wind turbine theme ago like it's just like blowing my mind how much
fQBGpU5pyfE-00095-00055597-00056697 of this crap I'm finding right now Oh tethers any tethers to the two tethers
fQBGpU5pyfE-00096-00056697-00057433 others I really hope you find seng here have some no I have tethers that's not
fQBGpU5pyfE-00097-00057433-00057930 what I meant I meant cable extensions yeah I've got tethers out that's that's
fQBGpU5pyfE-00098-00057930-00058466 not a problem I haven't seen it I like how you
fQBGpU5pyfE-00099-00058466-00058965 referenced the movie you haven't seen well it's that reference it because you
fQBGpU5pyfE-00100-00058965-00059729 know friggin all sorts of references are made on YouTube and I watch YouTube I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00101-00059729-00060345 can get behind that I mean I literally have no TV here like my the only service
fQBGpU5pyfE-00102-00060345-00060879 that I have is internet because my because YouTube is my TV that's become
fQBGpU5pyfE-00103-00060879-00061548 more and more common though I think a lot of Americans like that's how mmm-hmm
fQBGpU5pyfE-00104-00061548-00061794 that's how they do it you know I mean like certainly to at
fQBGpU5pyfE-00105-00061794-00062366 least some degree the cable companies are definitely both aware and you know
fQBGpU5pyfE-00106-00062366-00063360 concerned about that about the fact that people are not thing come here people
fQBGpU5pyfE-00107-00063360-00064223 aren't watching TV like they once did and yeah I do know that my ISP is
fQBGpU5pyfE-00108-00064223-00064698 constantly trying to get me to add on television as a package I'm just like no
fQBGpU5pyfE-00109-00064698-00065025 I'm not interested I don't want it I have a dinner I have what I want from
fQBGpU5pyfE-00110-00065025-00065555 you I don't want anything else right we don't have any more copper do we scale
fQBGpU5pyfE-00111-00065555-00066323 no only what I brought you a Kappa I wish if I had thought this through I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00112-00066323-00066822 would have done this different well we have a ton of wolfram right now
fQBGpU5pyfE-00113-00066822-00067323 obviously we have enough to like get we should probably just do a run back to
fQBGpU5pyfE-00114-00067323-00067974 the planet with a full backpack of Wolfram right so that Viper can start
fQBGpU5pyfE-00115-00067974-00068634 getting it cooked up and whatnot and then you can come back with copper cuz
fQBGpU5pyfE-00116-00068634-00068943 we need or just come back with a backpack of extenders I don't care how
fQBGpU5pyfE-00117-00068943-00069414 you go about it but we need i have extenders on my backpack
fQBGpU5pyfE-00118-00069414-00069900 we're screwed we can't set up the power until you do that like we need copper to
fQBGpU5pyfE-00119-00069900-00070346 build extenders or we need extenders one of the other to set up the shoulder
fQBGpU5pyfE-00120-00070346-00070773 platforms we have plenty of resin just build platforms yeah but that's a
fQBGpU5pyfE-00121-00070773-00071295 temporary fix let's get this let's do this right that's not a temporary fix
fQBGpU5pyfE-00122-00071295-00071784 and we use the platform's to put stuff on yeah but we don't art there's resin
fQBGpU5pyfE-00123-00071784-00072165 everywhere no here nope I'm leaving bye what I'm doing no
fQBGpU5pyfE-00124-00072165-00072705 no it's too bad nope no taking all right and I'm coming back with copper give me
fQBGpU5pyfE-00125-00072705-00073083 back my resin excellent gave you some I don't yeah I don't want resin on my back
fQBGpU5pyfE-00126-00073083-00073389 I need to bring back welcome home it's something that has to happen anyway we
fQBGpU5pyfE-00127-00073389-00073641 need to get this woven right back there planet let's go do it
fQBGpU5pyfE-00128-00073641-00073901 I don't want you here
fQBGpU5pyfE-00129-00074061-00074418 don't do anything we're good how long one don't waste your time I mean the
fQBGpU5pyfE-00130-00074418-00074907 platform we need cuz you need to set up a research center and if you know that's
fQBGpU5pyfE-00131-00074907-00075441 fine but I'm I and making a wolf of moraine run there's nothing you can do
fQBGpU5pyfE-00132-00075441-00075795 to stop me when you get back there's gonna be more
fQBGpU5pyfE-00133-00075795-00076305 platforms there than there is at the main base you just watch scaled what our
fQBGpU5pyfE-00134-00076305-00076896 common stance that's all I gotta say sorry cam this is scale you're talking
fQBGpU5pyfE-00135-00076896-00077186 about here believe
fQBGpU5pyfE-00136-00078036-00078727 fancy okay so what's the first resource that we need to make with it uh let's
fQBGpU5pyfE-00137-00078727-00079067 see here assuming that we want the what is the
fQBGpU5pyfE-00138-00079067-00079345 first thing that one actually do we want the shredder
fQBGpU5pyfE-00139-00079345-00080216 sure okay assuming that we want the shredder just in kind large is it there
fQBGpU5pyfE-00140-00080216-00081045 oh yeah what is the extra large which is two tungsten carbide to steal
fQBGpU5pyfE-00141-00081045-00081577 let's have even have to have the extra large researched yet now would you say
fQBGpU5pyfE-00142-00081577-00082552 to steal yeah so the first think we need to do is make steel then which requires
fQBGpU5pyfE-00143-00082552-00083398 iron and carbon that's another very easy well we have yeah carbon is pretty easy
fQBGpU5pyfE-00144-00083398-00083798 we have carbon here we just need to yeah burn sir
fQBGpU5pyfE-00145-00083798-00084814 it says fuel is argon Oh ripp what planets can we get are gone on I need to
fQBGpU5pyfE-00146-00084814-00086254 figure where do I see the planet okay argon Abby atmosphere I guess it's hard
fQBGpU5pyfE-00147-00086254-00087292 sure nightroad no no that would be glossy Oh or that Missoni yeah which
fQBGpU5pyfE-00148-00087292-00087991 also has lithium and tight titanium so the Sonia is my planet that's where I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00149-00087991-00088300 want to go high one goes on Glacia wouldn't be too bad
fQBGpU5pyfE-00150-00088300-00089124 or Galatia wouldn't be pleased yeah yeah whoo yeah titanium as a primary Titan I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00151-00089124-00090055 just the problem with that is that it is a harder difficulty planet yes I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00152-00090055-00090454 probably want to wait until I have certain other things before I bother
fQBGpU5pyfE-00153-00090454-00090824 with that that's like I would want to go there
fQBGpU5pyfE-00154-00090824-00091293 so with all three of us yeah as I say if we're gonna do the whole all three of
fQBGpU5pyfE-00155-00091293-00091632 this thing then we might want to concentrate on say yeah hold on
fQBGpU5pyfE-00156-00091632-00091986 stop the boat what do we do to get all three of us right yeah
fQBGpU5pyfE-00157-00091986-00092858 jazz music stops oh wait this isn't we need aluminum alloy or titanium alloy
fQBGpU5pyfE-00158-00092885-00093330 medium shuttle is aluminum alloy which we actually have is that what we have
fQBGpU5pyfE-00159-00093330-00093864 here yeah we have I can make it here okay I can actually make a medium
fQBGpU5pyfE-00160-00093864-00094668 shuttle here well we don't need to be a large fellow well I just research the
fQBGpU5pyfE-00161-00094668-00095073 large total so today let me oh we also need one one titanium alloy for a
fQBGpU5pyfE-00162-00095073-00095724 hydrazine thrusters we're gonna need that unless the wait okay so hold on so
fQBGpU5pyfE-00163-00095724-00096384 we want a large shuttle which is two ceramic and two titanium alloy yeah so
fQBGpU5pyfE-00164-00096384-00096807 we need to be able to make titanium alloy so let's go look at that we're
fQBGpU5pyfE-00165-00096807-00097416 gonna reverse engineer this so we're gonna need tightening well we have so we
fQBGpU5pyfE-00166-00097416-00097785 need to be able to make titanium which we have a couple of and graphene and
fQBGpU5pyfE-00167-00097785-00098397 then we need nitrogen as a fuel source so where do we find nitrogen
fQBGpU5pyfE-00168-00098397-00098931 let me look you can find that so we do need an atmospheric condenser boom
fQBGpU5pyfE-00169-00098931-00099633 there's your answer buddy all right let's see what do we need for hemisphere
fQBGpU5pyfE-00170-00099633-00100310 condenser you can get hydrogen everywhere oh here we go
fQBGpU5pyfE-00171-00100386-00100793 it's made with two ammonium Wow that's expensive
fQBGpU5pyfE-00172-00100793-00101163 because we don't have a lot of that on this planet you know where we do have a
fQBGpU5pyfE-00173-00101163-00101691 lot of that though on Novus I'll be right back it honestly would be quicker
fQBGpU5pyfE-00174-00101691-00102195 just to get it on Novus than to make it here because to make it here would
fQBGpU5pyfE-00175-00102195-00102542 require us to
fQBGpU5pyfE-00176-00102896-00103563 see hearing at that it's one canister per one thing of ammonium like that
fQBGpU5pyfE-00177-00103563-00104042 takes forever so I'm going to nose
fQBGpU5pyfE-00178-00105343-00106003 I'm all over the place on this episode this episode is like this is the trouble
fQBGpU5pyfE-00179-00106003-00106768 episode yep glue travels that's what we're doing the name the I thought I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00180-00106768-00107058 have three research stations here so I just want to get them fired up really
fQBGpU5pyfE-00181-00107058-00107395 quick cuz that's a lot of if I'm gonna make the trouble to come all the way
fQBGpU5pyfE-00182-00107395-00108130 back to this planet I may as well make the most of it mm-hmm I got about like
fQBGpU5pyfE-00183-00108130-00108754 from like a about a 1 minute walk from base I started a massive pile of those
fQBGpU5pyfE-00184-00108754-00109246 like big research things because there was a s ton of them in this area that I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00185-00109246-00109621 was exploring so every time I would find one I would just bring it back to like a
fQBGpU5pyfE-00186-00109621-00110065 common point rather than like all the way back to the base and I just kept
fQBGpU5pyfE-00187-00110065-00110385 piling them up so it was literally just like at the base of this ramp there's
fQBGpU5pyfE-00188-00110385-00110815 just like a massive pile of them and there's I still have three of them here
fQBGpU5pyfE-00189-00110815-00111190 but I've already like collected a lot of them like at one point that was like six
fQBGpU5pyfE-00190-00111190-00111853 or eight or something so I've started making hydrazine so I've got two of
fQBGpU5pyfE-00191-00111853-00112213 those I'm gonna make four of them really quick and then on to the next ingredient
fQBGpU5pyfE-00192-00112213-00112864 needed oh maybe not okay nevermind I'm only gonna make three a line because I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00193-00112864-00113500 already went through all the ammonium so then after hydrazine what was I making
fQBGpU5pyfE-00194-00113500-00114335 that I needed hydrazine for I already forgot so today I have no idea you guys
fQBGpU5pyfE-00195-00114335-00114868 well usually we wanted to make the big the big show so probably something carry
fQBGpU5pyfE-00196-00114868-00115260 me okay so let's let's let me I'm gonna reverse engineer this for a second so I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00197-00115260-00115744 wanted to make a large shuttle which okay titanium alloy okay there you go so
fQBGpU5pyfE-00198-00115744-00117007 to make titanium alloy I needed graphene AHA okay continuing the reverse
fQBGpU5pyfE-00199-00117007-00117534 engineering to make graphene I needed graphite and hydrazine okay which now
fQBGpU5pyfE-00200-00117534-00118129 that I have hydrazine I can now make that so I'm gonna make two of those
fQBGpU5pyfE-00201-00118129-00118450 because I'd only get too carried away yet because I think I need hydrazine for
fQBGpU5pyfE-00202-00118450-00118920 other thing but I'm gonna make two graphene here I go
fQBGpU5pyfE-00203-00118920-00119428 science I got a achievement by the way for science what does it call me yes do
fQBGpU5pyfE-00204-00119428-00120046 science to it synthesize a composite Weber bear you'll get it next time
fQBGpU5pyfE-00205-00120046-00120589 you're here about it cool ok so graphing ok all right so now I have graphene
fQBGpU5pyfE-00206-00120589-00121477 which looks just like steel but black that's graces well then we spend too
fQBGpU5pyfE-00207-00121477-00122248 much time together I would argue not enough and then oh yeah sure
fQBGpU5pyfE-00208-00122248-00123241 fair yeah that's fair all right titanium graphene titanium and ok so how do I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00209-00123241-00124093 make titanium do I just cook it what do I do with titanium um what are you
fQBGpU5pyfE-00210-00124093-00124800 trying to do it because remember we found too tight a night always a nice
fQBGpU5pyfE-00211-00124800-00125191 tight night you would need to smelt it to make titanium out of it
fQBGpU5pyfE-00212-00125191-00125929 Kings I'm smelting there okay titanium-alloy go oh boy
fQBGpU5pyfE-00213-00125929-00126503 now we're really getting into something at this point other than the nitrogen
fQBGpU5pyfE-00214-00126503-00127082 which is a gas which is complicated to a certain degree for other reasons we are
fQBGpU5pyfE-00215-00127082-00127486 making titanium alloy is something that like you need a lot of ingredients from
fQBGpU5pyfE-00216-00127486-00127828 several planets to make so this is some super advanced stuff that we're doing
fQBGpU5pyfE-00217-00127828-00128433 right now really I'm very excited about it so it looks just like steel but green
fQBGpU5pyfE-00218-00128433-00129572 which I appreciate Jesus it's still building it it's so tall it's really
fQBGpU5pyfE-00219-00129572-00129953 actually kind of funny that the large printer can even get that tall like holy
fQBGpU5pyfE-00220-00129953-00130585 hell just stretches all the way up into the lake I can't say it anymore
fQBGpU5pyfE-00221-00130585-00131084 no likely I have to like back I'm had to back up and then stand on the other
fQBGpU5pyfE-00222-00131084-00131537 landing platform and intend to get like a good view of it so I can continue to
fQBGpU5pyfE-00223-00131537-00131861 see it because if you're anywhere near it your camera angle can't let you see
fQBGpU5pyfE-00224-00131861-00132520 it it is proper big though okay so that's done
fQBGpU5pyfE-00225-00132520-00134099 unpack boom oh whoa that's super cool so it has it opened up as soon as I placed
fQBGpU5pyfE-00226-00134099-00134819 it and it's got a ton of like storage things inside of it cool
fQBGpU5pyfE-00227-00134819-00135430 so the like the like the two side-by-side holes that you would be
fQBGpU5pyfE-00228-00135430-00135809 able to put like a medium platform on like it has four of those so
fQBGpU5pyfE-00229-00135809-00136427 theoretically you could put four medium platforms in here or four medium
fQBGpU5pyfE-00230-00136427-00137065 storages rather I'm sorry can you put question can I put a large
fQBGpU5pyfE-00231-00137065-00138185 storage with medium platforms on it is that too big mm possibly you may just
fQBGpU5pyfE-00232-00138185-00138938 holy holy shit it fits well I mean nothing cool plugins you should
fQBGpU5pyfE-00233-00138938-00139370 but it does so I put a large storage in there which means I could put four
fQBGpU5pyfE-00234-00139370-00139780 medium storages on that which means we could put eight total medium storages in
fQBGpU5pyfE-00235-00139780-00140699 here if we wanted to make my way back yeah cuz there's no PO no there's no
fQBGpU5pyfE-00236-00140699-00141071 open platform hold on let me build you a platform the land on really quick is
fQBGpU5pyfE-00237-00141071-00142211 there anything I should bring back other work other than the tungsten not really
fQBGpU5pyfE-00238-00142211-00142877 oh yes is there ammonium on that planet yes
fQBGpU5pyfE-00239-00142877-00143408 actually it's yeah bring some of that back for sure then okay landing pad to
fQBGpU5pyfE-00240-00143408-00144497 ceramic and we may have to use up some of those slots for chairs oh that's a
fQBGpU5pyfE-00241-00144497-00144794 good point and me and Piper just sit on chairs I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00242-00144794-00145507 don't think it's I don't think it's gonna work that way it'll work fine I
fQBGpU5pyfE-00243-00145507-00146003 mean I can put a rover seat in there so yeah we have to take up two spots with
fQBGpU5pyfE-00244-00146003-00146333 the rover seats unfortunately but this is still gonna be a great trip we're
fQBGpU5pyfE-00245-00146333-00146858 gonna have to figure out the hydrazine thrusters situation because I only had
fQBGpU5pyfE-00246-00146858-00147272 enough to make one more hydrazine so I don't want to just like waste it and
fQBGpU5pyfE-00247-00147272-00147803 then not be able to do another one we can always use a small shuttle to get
fQBGpU5pyfE-00248-00147803-00148151 more of what we need but at this point I'd rather just everyone stay together
fQBGpU5pyfE-00249-00148151-00148844 so but very exciting I I'm very excited to travel and do exciting things from
fQBGpU5pyfE-00250-00148844-00149191 this point forward so we'll have to figure out for the next episode we'll
fQBGpU5pyfE-00251-00149191-00149711 figure out exactly where it is that we're gonna go we got mostly what we
fQBGpU5pyfE-00252-00149711-00150026 wanted from the solo we just wanted a bunch of Wolfram awright and we got that
fQBGpU5pyfE-00253-00150026-00150464 so I think we're pretty much probably good on that planet for now so now we're
fQBGpU5pyfE-00254-00150464-00150941 gonna figure out what planet's gonna benefit us most to go to and what we are
fQBGpU5pyfE-00255-00150941-00151739 trying to accomplish and then we know what we need to bring oh my god scale
fQBGpU5pyfE-00256-00151739-00152067 you're absolutely right we could just put a rover seat
fQBGpU5pyfE-00257-00152067-00152485 and then I'm making a second video that makes sense okay cool
fQBGpU5pyfE-00258-00152485-00152941 all right well anyway everybody say goodbye and we'll see you all on the
fQBGpU5pyfE-00259-00152941-00153683 next episode don't forget to subscribe and hit the bell icon astronaut
fQBGpU5pyfE-00260-00153683-00154360 Wednesday and Saturday is where you will find our forests of the forest
fQBGpU5pyfE-00261-00154360-00154744 series so have at both of those say goodbye everybody
fQBGpU5pyfE-00262-00154744-00155166 good bye buddy bye
fT9dExVNlME-00000-00000240-00000672 Hello, hello boys and girls. I am glad that you have found my
fT9dExVNlME-00001-00000672-00001112 channel. I want to inform you that I started to learn about streaming two month ago.
fT9dExVNlME-00002-00001248-00001744 So, in my videos I will share knowledge and skills, that I have learned in the
fT9dExVNlME-00003-00001744-00002272 short period of World of Warcraft gaming. I'm making guides and also live streaming
fT9dExVNlME-00004-00002272-00002792 where we can sit for example, hang out and I can answer your questions.
fT9dExVNlME-00005-00002880-00003200 Check my videos and live streams and if you will like it,
fT9dExVNlME-00006-00003320-00003896 follow and subscribe button on Twitch and YouTube platforms, in order to see new content
fT9dExVNlME-00007-00003952-00004384 and track my channel. That's all guys, see you later...
fWiYNYLSudc-00000-00000026-00000272 Welcome to a video introduction to CINAHL Complete.
fWiYNYLSudc-00001-00000300-00000722 CINAHL Complete is a great resource for students in all types of health science programs.
fWiYNYLSudc-00002-00000722-00001151 We’ll be covering the key tools you need to start finding material in this database.
fWiYNYLSudc-00003-00001151-00001279 Search Tools Overview
fWiYNYLSudc-00004-00001297-00001609 Right now, we’re looking at the CINAHL Complete Advanced Search page.
fWiYNYLSudc-00005-00001633-00001985 This is the page you’ll reach when you click on the CINAHL Complete link on the library’s
fWiYNYLSudc-00006-00001985-00002098 database list.
fWiYNYLSudc-00007-00002098-00002420 In any search, you’ll want to pay attention to the following features:
fWiYNYLSudc-00008-00002420-00002683 The search term boxes to enter your keywords
fWiYNYLSudc-00009-00002821-00003232 The “Full Text” box, to ensure that you find results where you can read the full text.
fWiYNYLSudc-00010-00003232-00003421 This is selected by default.
fWiYNYLSudc-00011-00003429-00003765 The “Peer Reviewed” box, to find content that has gone through the review process for
fWiYNYLSudc-00012-00003765-00003950 scholarly publications
fWiYNYLSudc-00013-00003950-00004351 The “Research Article” box, if you need to find articles presenting research or reviews
fWiYNYLSudc-00014-00004351-00004473 of research
fWiYNYLSudc-00015-00004473-00004837 The “Published Date” selector, to choose content from specific years.
fWiYNYLSudc-00016-00004837-00005162 If you don’t apply one of these filters before you search but then determine that
fWiYNYLSudc-00017-00005162-00005557 you need it, you can also apply it from the search results page.
fWiYNYLSudc-00018-00005557-00005744 For example, let’s try a search for
fWiYNYLSudc-00019-00005744-00005887 wound care
fWiYNYLSudc-00020-00005887-00006460 with the Full Text, Peer Reviewed, and Research Article boxes selected.
fWiYNYLSudc-00021-00006460-00006600 Once we click on Search,
fWiYNYLSudc-00022-00006679-00007089 we may decide that we only want material from the last fifteen years.
fWiYNYLSudc-00023-00007089-00007558 We can use the publication date slider on the left side of the page to make this change.
fWiYNYLSudc-00024-00007716-00007843 Subject Headings
fWiYNYLSudc-00025-00007868-00008267 For many topics, CINAHL’s subject headings are a great way to identify material and narrow
fWiYNYLSudc-00026-00008267-00008397 down your searches.
fWiYNYLSudc-00027-00008397-00008727 Items in CINAHL are marked with subject headings that describe their content.
fWiYNYLSudc-00028-00008727-00009099 Using CINAHL’s subject headings can be a more precise way than keyword searching to
fWiYNYLSudc-00029-00009099-00009382 find only the set of articles about your topic.
fWiYNYLSudc-00030-00009382-00010004 To find subject headings, click on “CINAHL Subject Headings” at the top of the database.
fWiYNYLSudc-00031-00010004-00010388 If you aren’t sure precisely how CINAHL refers to a condition or concept with these
fWiYNYLSudc-00032-00010388-00010771 subject headings, the feature can help direct you to the right place.
fWiYNYLSudc-00033-00010771-00010936 If we enter the search term
fWiYNYLSudc-00034-00010936-00011036 breast cancer
fWiYNYLSudc-00035-00011036-00011238 And then select Browse
fWiYNYLSudc-00036-00011238-00011627 You'll see that the top of the search results tells you that CINAHL officially uses the
fWiYNYLSudc-00037-00011627-00012123 term Breast Neoplasms for this topic, and it lets you immediately select the box next
fWiYNYLSudc-00038-00012123-00012442 to that term to begin building your search.
fWiYNYLSudc-00039-00012442-00012866 To use this subject heading, click that box, and then review the subfields that appear
fWiYNYLSudc-00040-00012866-00012991 on the right.
fWiYNYLSudc-00041-00012991-00013346 These fields are another way to narrow down to articles that more directly relate to your
fWiYNYLSudc-00042-00013358-00013684 topic and eliminate search results that you do not need.
fWiYNYLSudc-00043-00013684-00013917 So if we apply the subfield Diagnosis 
fWiYNYLSudc-00044-00013917-00014151 and then we select Search Database, we now have
fWiYNYLSudc-00045-00014178-00014743 almost 12,000 results, all related to diagnosis of breast cancer.
fWiYNYLSudc-00046-00014743-00015134 The first part of this video showed the Full Text, Research Article, Peer Reviewed, and
fWiYNYLSudc-00047-00015134-00015461 Publication Date filters on the Advanced Search page.
fWiYNYLSudc-00048-00015461-00015761 When you’re doing a search using the subject heading tools, you’ll need to apply these
fWiYNYLSudc-00049-00015761-00015994 filters after you search.
fWiYNYLSudc-00050-00015994-00016471 For example, some of our results do not have full text included, so we’ll need to select
fWiYNYLSudc-00051-00016471-00016820 the “Full Text” box on the left to apply this filter.
fWiYNYLSudc-00052-00016868-00017210 After applying this filter, we have about 4,000 results.
fWiYNYLSudc-00053-00017210-00017599 This is still a large number of results and there are other filters we could apply, but
fWiYNYLSudc-00054-00017599-00017963 these results are related to the aspect of breast cancer we want to learn about,
fWiYNYLSudc-00055-00017963-00018452 and they have full text attached, so they should be a fruitful group to start our search with.
fWiYNYLSudc-00056-00018452-00018864 When using subject headings, the subfields that are available to you are tailored to
fWiYNYLSudc-00057-00018864-00019111 the category of the topic you are searching.
fWiYNYLSudc-00058-00019111-00019290 For example, if we enter the search term
fWiYNYLSudc-00059-00019290-00019429 HIPAA
fWiYNYLSudc-00060-00019429-00019788 CINAHL again will show us the official term they use for this subject heading, and you
fWiYNYLSudc-00061-00019788-00020183 can select the box next to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act to begin
fWiYNYLSudc-00062-00020183-00020328 building your search.
fWiYNYLSudc-00063-00020328-00020691 However, the subheadings that appear on the right are quite different from the ones that we
fWiYNYLSudc-00064-00020691-00020861 saw for breast cancer.
fWiYNYLSudc-00065-00020861-00021491 For breast cancer, we saw subfields related to topics like diagnosis, epidemiology, prognosis,
fWiYNYLSudc-00066-00021491-00021770 and other terms related to medical conditions.
fWiYNYLSudc-00067-00021770-00022228 For HIPAA, our subject headings include topics like administration, economics, and history.
fWiYNYLSudc-00068-00022278-00022777 While subject headings and the subheadings can be a powerful way to search, not all topics
fWiYNYLSudc-00069-00022777-00023036 will have perfectly matching CINAHL subject headings.
fWiYNYLSudc-00070-00023036-00023528 For example, if you are looking for information about MRI and other imaging diagnosing
fWiYNYLSudc-00071-00023528-00023773 hippocampal sclerosis
fWiYNYLSudc-00072-00023773-00024012 You'll see after searching that there are currently no subject
fWiYNYLSudc-00073-00024012-00024238 headings that exactly match this term, and
fWiYNYLSudc-00074-00024238-00024473 there are also none for temporal lobe sclerosis.
fWiYNYLSudc-00075-00024473-00024977 However, we can check the “Search as keyword” box at the bottom of the page, and once we
fWiYNYLSudc-00076-00024977-00025398 search with these keywords, you’ll see that there are many related results.
fWiYNYLSudc-00077-00025398-00025866 If we add MRI to our search terms and run the search again, we’ll get the type of
fWiYNYLSudc-00078-00025866-00026007 results that we were looking for.
fWiYNYLSudc-00079-00026068-00026511 So while Subject Headings are a valuable tool, you might find that sometimes a keyword search
fWiYNYLSudc-00080-00026511-00026693 is still the best fit for your topic.
fWiYNYLSudc-00081-00026706-00027081 If a subject heading does exist, you can increase your chance of finding it by keeping your
fWiYNYLSudc-00082-00027081-00027550 search on the subject headings page compact, including only one or two words, instead of
fWiYNYLSudc-00083-00027550-00027732 searching for an entire question.
fWiYNYLSudc-00084-00027782-00028201 In this video, we have covered how to use CINAHL Complete’s main search page and the
fWiYNYLSudc-00085-00028201-00028418 subject headings to find material for your research.
fWiYNYLSudc-00086-00028453-00028893 If you have any questions about using CINAHL, ask a Bellevue College librarian.
fWiYNYLSudc-00087-00028893-00029314 Information about contacting a librarian is available through the Ask a Librarian page
fWiYNYLSudc-00088-00029314-00029441 on our website.
ffryw4Rq9vY-00000-00000000-00000200 ттутутутутутутутутутутутутутутутутутутутутутутутутутуутутуттуттуутутуттутутутутуттту
ffsC2KLUC2M-00000-00000000-00000337 THE USS RONALD REAGAN AND RELIGIOUS MINISTRIES
ffsC2KLUC2M-00001-00000337-00000590 DEPARTMENT SPONSORED AN ENGLISH CLASS FOR JAPANESE
ffsC2KLUC2M-00002-00000590-00000837 MARITIME SELF-DEFENSE FORCE SAILORS FROM THEIR
ffsC2KLUC2M-00003-00000837-00000990 SISTER SHIP, JS IZUMO.
ffsC2KLUC2M-00004-00000990-00001378 THE FOCUS OF THE CLASS WAS TO ASSIST THE JAPANESE
ffsC2KLUC2M-00005-00001378-00001735 SAILORS TO INTRODUCE THEMSELVES IN ENGLISH.
ffsC2KLUC2M-00006-00001735-00001918 REAGAN SAILORS HELPED THEM SKETCH OUT WHAT THEY
ffsC2KLUC2M-00007-00001918-00002305 WANTED TO SAY AND BRIEF THEM ON THE PRONUNCIATION
ffsC2KLUC2M-00008-00002305-00002532 AND FORMATION OF THE WORDS.
ffsC2KLUC2M-00009-00002532-00002846 THEN, THE JAPANESE SAILORS INTRODUCED THEMSELVES IN
ffsC2KLUC2M-00010-00002846-00002922 ENGLISH.
ffsC2KLUC2M-00011-00002922-00003026 - THEY BEGAN A FRIENDSHIP.
ffsC2KLUC2M-00012-00003026-00003313 FRIENDSHIP IS BEING COMFORTABLE WITH EACH
ffsC2KLUC2M-00013-00003313-00003563 OTHER, AND BEING ABLE TO LOOK AT THE OTHER AND
ffsC2KLUC2M-00014-00003563-00003653 BUILD THIS TRUST.
ffsC2KLUC2M-00015-00003653-00003833 AND I THINK THEY ALREADY BEGAN THAT.
ffsC2KLUC2M-00016-00003833-00004117 TO SEE EXCITEMENT ON BOTH SIDES OF THE TABLE AND THE
ffsC2KLUC2M-00017-00004117-00004327 DESIRE NOT EVEN TO LEAVE AT THE END OF THAT HOUR,
ffsC2KLUC2M-00018-00004327-00004571 I THOUGHT WAS VERY INSPIRATIONAL AND IT
ffsC2KLUC2M-00019-00004571-00004754 REALLY HAS GIVEN US SOMETHING TO MOVE FORWARD
ffsC2KLUC2M-00020-00004754-00005008 WITH FOR THE NEXT FOUR CLASSES.
ffsC2KLUC2M-00021-00005008-00005268 FOR USS RONALD REAGAN, I'M SEAMAN TYLER JOHN.
fh8wlR1c_lY-00000-00000000-00000258 If you make push-ups part of your daily routine,
fh8wlR1c_lY-00001-00000258-00000570 there are a few things you can expect to happen to your body.
fh8wlR1c_lY-00002-00000768-00001380 First of all, your strength and endurance will increase significantly. You'll be able to lift
fh8wlR1c_lY-00003-00001380-00002052 heavier weights and do more reps with ease. You'll also develop better posture and balance,
fh8wlR1c_lY-00004-00002052-00002550 since push-ups help to strengthen the core muscles that keep your body upright and stable.
fh8wlR1c_lY-00005-00002820-00003318 Additionally, your muscles will become more toned, and you'll have a more defined physique.
fh8wlR1c_lY-00006-00003414-00004061 Lastly, push-ups can help to reduce stress and improve your overall mood. So, if you're looking
fh8wlR1c_lY-00007-00004061-00004566 to get in shape and feel better, push-ups are definitely worth adding to your daily routine.
fh8wlR1c_lY-00008-00004740-00005322 In addition to the physical benefits, push-ups can also have a positive impact on your mental health.
fh8wlR1c_lY-00009-00005568-00006156 Studies have shown that regular exercise, such as push-ups, can reduce stress, improve sleep,
fh8wlR1c_lY-00010-00006156-00006773 and even enhance cognitive function. So, if you're looking for an effective way to
fh8wlR1c_lY-00011-00006773-00007206 reduce stress and improve your overall wellbeing, push-ups are a great choice.
fh8wlR1c_lY-00012-00007523-00008016 Plus, it only takes about 10 minutes a day to get the benefits, making it easy
fh8wlR1c_lY-00013-00008016-00008544 to fit into your daily routine. Push-ups also have some important health benefits. They can
fh8wlR1c_lY-00014-00008544-00009066 help to strengthen your bones, improve your cardiovascular health, and even reduce your
fh8wlR1c_lY-00015-00009066-00009876 risk of developing certain diseases. Plus, they can help to improve your flexibility and agility,
fh8wlR1c_lY-00016-00009876-00010380 so you'll be better able to move and perform everyday activities with ease. So,
fh8wlR1c_lY-00017-00010380-00010794 if you want to get healthier and feel better, push-ups are a great way to do it.
fh8wlR1c_lY-00018-00010878-00011376 And, with just 10 minutes a day, it's easy to fit into your schedule. To get the most
fh8wlR1c_lY-00019-00011376-00011862 out of your push-up routine, it's important to practice good form. Make sure your hands are
fh8wlR1c_lY-00020-00011862-00012348 directly under your shoulders and your body is in a straight line from head to toe. Additionally,
fh8wlR1c_lY-00021-00012348-00012900 keep your core tight and your back straight. And, be sure to lower yourself slowly and with control.
fh8wlR1c_lY-00022-00012900-00013518 If you're just starting out, it's also a good idea to start with modified push-ups and gradually work
fh8wlR1c_lY-00023-00013518-00014034 your way up to full push-ups. This will help you build strength and prevent injury. Overall,
fh8wlR1c_lY-00024-00014034-00014562 push-ups are a great way to stay in shape and improve your overall health and wellbeing. With
fh8wlR1c_lY-00025-00014562-00015072 just 10 minutes a day, you can get all of the benefits of push-ups, from increased strength
fh8wlR1c_lY-00026-00015072-00015576 and endurance to improved mental health and reduced stress. So, if you're looking for an
fh8wlR1c_lY-00027-00015576-00016158 effective way to get in shape and feel better, give push-ups a try. You won't regret it!
fhFq8vHtI7E-00000-00002164-00002747 Extrasensory is built on humanity's two main interests: ourselves and the future.
fhFq8vHtI7E-00001-00002747-00003202 What it means for us to collectively make our way in and understand the world,
fhFq8vHtI7E-00002-00003202-00003727 and where we're going, and how science might take us there.
fhFq8vHtI7E-00003-00003930-00004703 Welcome to Extrasensory! Tonight is all about our sensory potential. What could
fhFq8vHtI7E-00004-00004703-00005843 our senses really, truly be with a little bit of help from science? At Extrasensory
fhFq8vHtI7E-00005-00005843-00006340 we explored the future of human perception. We considered how our senses
fhFq8vHtI7E-00006-00006340-00006770 work together to create a picture of the world and how we are sometimes tricked
fhFq8vHtI7E-00007-00006770-00007244 by our senses so that this picture can, in fact, be quite different to reality.
fhFq8vHtI7E-00008-00007244-00007775 Without our sense of sight and smell, we struggle to taste the difference between
fhFq8vHtI7E-00009-00007775-00008288 tea and coffee. Hearing sounds affects how we taste chocolate and how we place
fhFq8vHtI7E-00010-00008288-00008831 pressure on the bottom of our feet as we walk. Whether we seek knowledge in the
fhFq8vHtI7E-00011-00008831-00009400 music or stories we listen to, or conduct experiments for ourselves, and on
fhFq8vHtI7E-00012-00009400-00009992 ourselves, we find the limits of our own perception and discover how these might
fhFq8vHtI7E-00013-00009992-00010655 be enhanced or augmented in the future. Instruments, AI and wearables are here,
fhFq8vHtI7E-00014-00010655-00011802 and many more are coming to make the unperceivable perceivable. We
fhFq8vHtI7E-00015-00011802-00012240 can award ourselves sensory capacity, inspired by the special abilities of
fhFq8vHtI7E-00016-00012240-00012849 amazing, non-human animals and insects and become consciously aware of the
fhFq8vHtI7E-00017-00012849-00013512 information previously only available to our unconscious. Our visual sense tends
fhFq8vHtI7E-00018-00013512-00014034 to heavily dominate. We build our world around sight. We try to see further using
fhFq8vHtI7E-00019-00014034-00014568 microscopes, telescopes and other specialised instruments, but we have all
fhFq8vHtI7E-00020-00014568-00015180 this other sensory capacity. We can hear genetic variability, not just see it. We
fhFq8vHtI7E-00021-00015180-00015647 can feel our way with our fingers to understand the immune system, or find our
fhFq8vHtI7E-00022-00015647-00016185 way inside a building. We can feel where we are in space rather than just see it,
fhFq8vHtI7E-00023-00016185-00016917 and we smell and taste a great beer or a fine wine. Extrasensory asks: "what if the
fhFq8vHtI7E-00024-00016917-00017373 trick to furthering our capabilities is in part learning to refocus our
fhFq8vHtI7E-00025-00017373-00017945 attention on utilising all our senses together to their full capacity?"
fhFq8vHtI7E-00026-00017945-00018443 In the future we will probably all be left wondering how we have survived
fhFq8vHtI7E-00027-00018443-00019084 without these scientific, extrasensory perceptions.
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00000-00001096-00002002 In there this little one-page is something of a guy to it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00001-00003219-00004410 that's that's all I have right now I'll be before we get to the point where
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00002-00004410-00005017 we're rushing to the airport I thought it'd be important now to to talk about
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00003-00005017-00005560 scheduling the next meeting so we get some sense of people's calendars while
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00004-00005560-00006880 everyone is here I think I've heard from several that June is is out about July
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00005-00006880-00007713 is that out of the question for anyone
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00006-00009180-00009410 all
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00007-00010283-00011540 okay Chris ocher late July okay so Mike do you want to have someone from your
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00008-00011540-00012194 office try to schedule a specific times well you know if we're able to do it now
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00009-00012194-00013263 okay we're probably three days I think so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00010-00015088-00016141 well yeah but also we have a lot of stuff on the disks that I think will be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00011-00016141-00016599 really generate some questions
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00012-00017640-00018032 yeah is that the look is it the July meeting when we will have people coming
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00013-00018032-00018714 in and talking to us yeah that's that's the plan and you know I think we we do
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00014-00018714-00019289 have a lot of data available it's just we haven't had a chance to absorb it all
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00015-00019289-00020217 and I think that we certainly try to have have something by whoa we'll have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00016-00020217-00020501 something by then
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00017-00021725-00023269 the third week better than the fourth week okay third week fourth is better
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00018-00023599-00024835 26th last week is not as good as the third week
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00019-00025767-00026282 Vernon if we had it for the end of the third week would that help
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00020-00026833-00027782 we had the 21st 22nd and 23rd people have to fly in on the 20th some of us
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00021-00028995-00030279 it's important that you be here so so we drop down to the 26th what what are the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00022-00030279-00031001 issues Holger for you okay we'll be okay
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00023-00031045-00031379 and Paul
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00024-00032438-00033636 alright ok but let's let's schedule it for the 26th 27th and 28th and now the I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00025-00033636-00034484 guess the question is if you have the testimony on the 26th and then meet the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00026-00034484-00035312 have a regular meeting the next two days yes okay okay
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00027-00037128-00038392 okay so moving on we were going to discuss today a point that Byrne brought
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00028-00038392-00039076 up about you know what is acceptable risk and how are we going to deal with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00029-00039076-00039664 it specifically in terms of endpoints but before we do that andreas was going
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00030-00039664-00040573 to make a presentation that hopefully will enlighten us in this discussion do
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00031-00040573-00042159 you have anything - oh do you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00032-00044428-00044934 just to let you all know this is being recorded so when you speak please turn
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00033-00044934-00045602 on your microphone and speak into the microphone thank you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00034-00046963-00048521 we'll work the slides or I can do it the red button is the pointer arrow what I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00035-00048521-00049559 speak into this microphone so I thought I start off by talking a little about
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00036-00049559-00050204 the general background of our work some mixture data and then our little attempt
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00037-00050204-00050765 at cumulative risk assessment which as you will see will probably will most
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00038-00050765-00051354 definitely show up the data gaps and problems which we have but may be also
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00039-00051354-00052405 useful for illustrating a way forward so this is just the reminder our work is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00040-00052405-00053230 motivated by investigating the role of chemical exposures in what is called the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00041-00053230-00053744 testicular distance syndrome this is a concept developed by sharp and ska
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00042-00053744-00054476 Quebec there is at the moment in Europe and I gather here in the US as well
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00043-00054476-00055285 great concern about disease trends for non descending testes cryptorchidism
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00044-00055285-00055994 the trend is going up in Europe as well for semen quality in parts of Europe the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00045-00055994-00056864 semen quality and young men approaches crisis proportions that I have according
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00046-00056864-00057314 to a study which was carried out as part of an EU project with which I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00047-00057314-00058129 coordinated it was found that 20% of young Germans 18 to 19 year olds have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00048-00058129-00059122 semen semen numbers below 20 million per milliliter which is the official limit
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00049-00059122-00059876 by whu-oh where you can require assisted fertilization so this is not good and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00050-00059876-00060305 later in life it's and get better so there's great concern
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00051-00060305-00060929 about that then we have hypospadias this is a malformation of the penis as you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00052-00060929-00061557 know where the urethral opening is on the underside of the glans penis and not
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00053-00061557-00062057 at the top as it should be and finally test his cancer that's also
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00054-00062057-00062867 going up in Europe in parts or leveling off at a fairly high level and ska
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00055-00062867-00063710 Quebec and Sharpe have proposed that all these disorders are indicative of a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00056-00063719-00064311 malfunctioning of androgen programming in fetal life so they all go back to a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00057-00064311-00065010 to a problem during development related to androgen insufficiency let me clarify
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00058-00065010-00065847 they say that not all cases of say hypospadias have to do with what they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00059-00065847-00066261 term the testicular disjoined syndrome not all of them there are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00060-00066261-00066747 in particular with hypospadias some well-defined genetic disorders which
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00061-00066747-00067476 lead to these problems that's not necessarily to do with the TTS but the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00062-00067476-00068349 concept I propose has been very fruitful in directing research though it is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00063-00068349-00068949 really that is what's the summary of a lot of research both here in the US and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00064-00068949-00069705 in Europe is that the action of fetal androgens makes a man a man so if there
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00065-00069705-00070323 are problems with fetal interaction the affected individuals show signs of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00066-00070323-00071276 feminization so there is one to be known now that certain chemicals can disrupt
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00067-00071276-00071754 hormone action in fetal life by either blocking the receptor the androgen
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00068-00071754-00072441 receptor or by suppressing sex hormone synthesis and this leads to the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00069-00072441-00073058 masculinization and we have in the rat a very good model that is able to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00070-00073058-00073587 recapitulate balls three of the disorders that make up the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00071-00073587-00074481 testicular just Genesis syndrome only it is impossible to study testicular cancer
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00072-00074481-00075141 in the rat which has to do with when the spermatocytes mature in in a rat's life
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00073-00075141-00075714 but all the other elements of the testicular DeGeneres's syndrome can be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00074-00075714-00076440 recapitulated in the rat and they the male offspring of females treated with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00075-00076440-00077109 certain chemicals then show signs of deep masculinization the problem is or
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00076-00077109-00077657 the question definitely this model has relevance to human because the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00077-00077657-00078489 programming in fetal life is basically the same in in these mammals and in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00078-00078489-00079269 humans the question that is not resolved is do chemicals really play a role in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00079-00079269-00080348 these adverse disease trends in the urine now here a little jump to how
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00080-00080348-00080940 toxicology would assess chemicals normally here's the example of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00081-00080940-00081722 vinclozolin that's a pesticide often found in red wine it is a fungicide so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00082-00081722-00082392 people who love red wines from Italy have you can show the traces of that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00083-00082392-00082955 pesticide in their in their urine the breakdown products you will find and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00084-00082955-00083724 when close line is one well studied chemical in this rat model and typically
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00085-00083724-00084207 de masculinizing effects are seen at doses around five milligram per kilo and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00086-00084207-00084870 body white per day that is the dose to the pregnant female the human exposures
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00087-00084870-00085632 are in Europe at least in this range which you can if you divide the human
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00088-00085632-00086136 exposure by the dose that leads to first effects in the rat or just not effect
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00089-00086136-00086537 you can see there's a margin of safety as it is called
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00090-00086537-00087260 old off between 200 to 1000 and at this point most regulatory toxicologists
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00091-00087260-00088028 would say fine case closed no case to answer move over but there is the issues
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00092-00088028-00088538 of toxic cocktails as it is called all mixtures or exposure to combined
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00093-00088538-00089045 chemicals or many chemicals simultaneously and the question that has
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00094-00089045-00089627 inspired a lot of our work during last 10 years is can chemicals that are safe
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00095-00089627-00090334 on their own if you like gang up in our bodies to produce effects that cannot be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00096-00090334-00090899 anticipated by studying those chemicals in isolation and secondly are these
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00097-00090899-00091514 effects predictable if we know the potency of the individual players and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00098-00091514-00092102 here's a quick summary I'll take you through in stages through some key
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00099-00092102-00092590 findings relevant to our work here first of all there's this landmark paper by
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00100-00092590-00093289 grace group how to sell a tile it came out in 2008 which shows that solids
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00101-00093289-00093972 combination of solids act additively in producing mixture effects the end point
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00102-00093972-00094682 they'll sorry the end point they looked at force testosterone production so here
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00103-00094682-00095195 you see these are these gray lines are individual dose response cuffs the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00104-00095195-00095714 regression models for the farfa lights harvest a little studied so you see here
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00105-00095714-00096725 as we escalate the dose the testosterone synthesis goes down in fetal life they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00106-00096725-00097631 prepared a mixture of these 5 solids at a certain mixture ratio and then using
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00107-00097631-00098105 those gray curves it is possible to construct what the predicted combined
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00108-00098105-00098702 effect of these 5 solids should look like it is for a mixture of specific
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00109-00098702-00099488 mixture ratio and then that's a very strong heuristic tool because it you can
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00110-00099488-00099821 design the mixture experiment on the basis of this prediction
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00111-00099821-00100202 that's what how to silent I'll did and these are the observations and they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00112-00100202-00101063 match fairly well what can be predicted on the basis of the individual dose
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00113-00101063-00101639 response curves the conclusion from this was that these five phalates act
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00114-00101639-00102173 together in a dose additive fashion to produce suppressions of testosterone
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00115-00102173-00102923 synthesis maybe a little word about what those addition is there are two
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00116-00102923-00103493 competing models in by which such additive 'ti predictions can be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00117-00103493-00104042 calculated or constructed one is called dose addition it works on the assumption
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00118-00104042-00104741 that one equally effective dose of one component in the mixture can be replaced
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00119-00104741-00105452 by as the actory effective fraction of another one the concept finds wide use
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00120-00105452-00106079 in the application of TOC tcdd equivalence factors for evaluating the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00121-00106079-00106646 auxin mixtures the competing concept would be called independent action or
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00122-00106646-00107243 some people call it response addition and this there are other considerations
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00123-00107243-00107893 and other approaches going into this put simply this model works on stochastic
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00124-00107893-00108566 principles and assumes that each chemical does what it does in a fashion
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00125-00108566-00108995 independent from all the others mathematically these two concepts are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00126-00108995-00109663 different but often they produce the same exactly the same prediction for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00127-00109663-00110297 certain mixtures so for example in this case here you could calculate an
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00128-00110297-00110806 additive 'ti prediction for independent action and it would sit very closely
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00129-00110806-00111373 near the dose addition prediction that under certain circumstances these two
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00130-00111373-00112186 predictions about diverge the question then is which of those two competing
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00131-00112186-00112817 models can approximate the observed mixture effects best so far as you will
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00132-00112817-00113171 see in this area of study the answer is that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00133-00113171-00114107 sedition is fairly useful so that that's the first landmark paper we in together
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00134-00114107-00114638 with all our houses group in Copenhagen the Danish Technical University have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00135-00114638-00115060 spent a lot of time studying these chemicals in a sim in a rat
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00136-00115060-00115595 developmental toxicity model this slide just shows you briefly how this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00137-00115595-00116132 experiment is designed this here's the lifeline of a female pregnant rat so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00138-00116132-00116891 they get pregnant here dosing begins on gestational day seven and normally
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00139-00116891-00117436 throughout the entire pregnancy through birth up until personal natal day
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00140-00117436-00118094 sixteen then here is they give birth to offspring typically six males and six
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00141-00118094-00119053 females and here's the lifeline of the young male rat very early after birth
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00142-00119053-00119716 the anal genital distance is measured that can be done in a non-invasive
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00143-00119716-00120428 fashion so these little rats live on then a little later on personated a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00144-00120428-00121028 sixteen samples are taken some are sacrificed and the organ weights are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00145-00121028-00121483 measured off organs that are under the control of androgen action so for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00146-00121483-00122133 example the prostate and various other sex accessory organs and also
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00147-00122133-00122836 malformations of the penis are evaluated and then later that's the person natal
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00148-00122836-00123517 day 47 malformations of the penis I looked at again so we look but look at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00149-00123517-00124309 things that really recapitulate hypospadias in humans so here's the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00150-00124309-00125225 first result of of a long study which we conducted we looked at this was really
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00151-00125225-00125780 the intention of this experiment was not to model environmentally relevant
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00152-00125780-00126158 expertise we just wanted to refine the two
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00153-00126158-00126645 it has never been done before at the time you needed to know whether androgen
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00154-00126645-00127176 receptor antagonists produce mixture effects in a predictable fashion so they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00155-00127176-00127623 were selected these players here's been closed early and flew to might and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00156-00127623-00128066 presume it on these two are pesticides flu Tomatoes a drug they were selected
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00157-00128066-00128622 in terms of the effectiveness and their mechanism so this is if you like a lab
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00158-00128622-00129048 mixture nothing to do with environmental exposures but this was terribly
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00159-00129048-00129611 important to us to verify certain concepts so what you see here is a dose
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00160-00129611-00130407 response curve for anal genital index here you see how with those escalation
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00161-00130407-00131216 these the offspring gets more and more feminized maybe I know that's fine now
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00162-00131216-00132047 this is the outcome of the mixture experiment the green curve is what was
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00163-00132047-00132491 anticipated on the basis of these individual dose response curves for a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00164-00132491-00133035 mixture with specific mixture ratio and what you see here these dots are the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00165-00133035-00133662 observations the black dots the outcome from individual litters the red dots the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00166-00133662-00134334 overall litter means and we were quite stunned how well the observations
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00167-00134334-00135036 matched what was predicted again this shows that these three androgen receptor
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00168-00135036-00135732 antagonists work together in a dose additive fashion so step three we then
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00169-00135732-00136344 looked and this paper came out very recently last year in HP just before
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00170-00136344-00136877 Christmas we became interested in looking at combinations of antiandrogens
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00171-00136877-00137570 that work in a totally that work in by mechanisms that are very different so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00172-00137570-00137973 finasteride for example blocks the conversion of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00173-00137973-00138530 testosterone to dihydrotestosterone I think low saline blocks the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00174-00138530-00139200 unreceptive so we've seen dhp interferes with testosterone synthesis and pro
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00175-00139200-00139633 cloris is a mixture it is able to antagonize the under
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00176-00139633-00139993 interceptor but also interferes with some important enzyme since de ruyter
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00177-00139993-00140836 Genesis what we did was studied the individual dose response curves of all
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00178-00140836-00141456 these players again and then mixed at certain ratio and this is what happened
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00179-00141456-00142114 with respect to a multitude of endpoints in general distance this is musculus
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00180-00142114-00142657 levator Ani that's a funny muscle that's also under the control of androgens in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00181-00142657-00143179 development nipple retention and prostate weight and what you see here in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00182-00143179-00143767 green again are the predicted curves according to dose addition and the blobs
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00183-00143767-00144448 here what we observed and again with these layers here that work in a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00184-00144448-00144835 dissimilar fashion there was good agreement with dose
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00185-00144835-00145444 addition in this particular case let me say that the Brixton's based on
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00186-00145444-00145897 independent action were actually congruent with with those four dose
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00187-00145897-00146593 addition no we were very pleased but now comes the one result which throws a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00188-00146593-00147222 spanner in the works and which I personally hate but there it is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00189-00147222-00147703 penile malformations you remember at this very last time point person natal
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00190-00147703-00148663 day 47 here we have we constructed a prediction window if you like this is a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00191-00148663-00149125 what we expect on the basis of independent action this is one very
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00192-00149125-00149842 conservative prediction based on dose addition so the the and this here in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00193-00149842-00150535 blue is what was really observed so you see a shift towards lower doses with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00194-00150535-00151027 this very endpoint a very important endpoint penile malformation this shift
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00195-00151027-00151633 here if you project it down onto the dose axis is is probably not very large
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00196-00151633-00152242 it's a factor of four or five base respect to here this is larger is nearly
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00197-00152242-00152703 an order of magnitude but what is little disturbed
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00198-00152703-00153123 is that in the dose range where basically all the models predict that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00199-00153123-00153540 nothing much should happen the observations show us that we're near
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00200-00153540-00154200 maximal effect that is because these dose response curves are so steep we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00201-00154200-00154707 concluded that this is the synergism but we can often no mechanistic explanation
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00202-00154707-00155070 as to why this should be when all the other endpoints are essentially does
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00203-00155070-00155550 additive maybe there's something about penile development which we don't quite
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00204-00155550-00156108 understand also it seems to us that the in this case here
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00205-00156108-00156729 the presence of phthalates and other players sensitize the tissue to the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00206-00156729-00157185 effects of vinclozolin vinclozolin is by if I haven't turned the individual dose
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00207-00157185-00157635 response cusper in close Alan is the only player in this mixture that will
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00208-00157635-00158154 give a complete dose response curve with penile malformations all the others give
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00209-00158154-00158994 curves that are sort of stumps a little stumped so as I say we don't like this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00210-00158994-00159579 very much ourselves because it throws a spanner into this predict predictive
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00211-00159579-00160503 approach but it has to be reported yes because it's so the the dot there is on
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00212-00160503-00161097 the high level is the the mean the sample mean yeah and the bar is what
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00213-00161097-00161571 that these are confidence intervals confidence intervals how many
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00214-00161571-00162216 observations up in each dose group do you remember yeah quite a few I don't I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00215-00162216-00162927 don't remember off the top of my head but we normally looked at between 6 and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00216-00162927-00163548 10 litters and each litter has five male offspring but some of them were
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00217-00163548-00164013 sacrificed before that so I really have to look it up how many but I'm just
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00218-00164013-00164472 wondering because in the previous slides you had dots for actual observations
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00219-00164472-00164969 yeah the actual observations here did that were there some animals that were
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00220-00164969-00165428 lower or did they all sort of cluster up with the confidence interval well they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00221-00165428-00165888 clustered up pretty much here you know otherwise he wouldn't get you know you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00222-00165888-00166092 didn't have at this point you didn't have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00223-00166092-00167259 an animal that was down here okay so just a resume a of what we found so far
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00224-00167259-00167676 that we've also I'm not showing you this here we've done a lot of work with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00225-00167676-00168381 mixtures of Eastern any chemicals and in vitro also with fish so we have joint
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00226-00168381-00168852 effects with mixed mode of action antiandrogens and that's quite important
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00227-00168852-00169326 because there's this myth out there in the regulatory world and otherwise that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00228-00169326-00169812 says people think that combination effects are only to be expected with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00229-00169812-00170556 chemicals that show a similar mode of action this is evidently not borne out
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00230-00170556-00171273 by our empirical observations combined effects are always greater than the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00231-00171273-00171993 effects of the most toxic chemical in the mixture and this leads us to think
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00232-00171993-00172602 that the usual chemical biochemical approach to risk assessment may lead to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00233-00172602-00173322 under estimations of risks I say may not necessarily in all cases but we can
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00234-00173322-00174104 define parameters we're under estimations of risks are likely that's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00235-00174104-00174887 particularly when we're dealing with mixtures of many components more than 10
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00236-00174950-00175743 right let's these are what follows now this is the empirical results I thought
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00237-00175743-00176307 it might be useful so you have a feel of what's possible now in the area of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00238-00176307-00176925 mixture toxicology now the question how can we approach reality and how can we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00239-00176925-00177582 make use of that in risk assessment when you want to do this the first question
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00240-00177582-00178131 we have to face is how are we grouping chemicals which chemicals do you want to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00241-00178131-00178860 consider together in risk assessment there are mechanistic criteria so that's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00242-00178860-00179469 out there that's very much discussed by EPA by other regulatory
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00243-00179469-00180144 agencies in Europe you can say I group chemicals that show a similar mechanism
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00244-00180144-00180729 a mode of action but the question then is how narrow do you want to be and what
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00245-00180729-00181332 precisely do you mean by mode of action does a discussion about it to a large
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00246-00181332-00182090 degree pretty fruitless in my opinion the alternative would be to adapt a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00247-00182090-00182910 phenomenological criterion by saying pretty regardless of mechanisms or the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00248-00182910-00183507 details of mechanisms we should group according to similar adverse outcomes so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00249-00183507-00184038 this is for example the approach that the solid report of the National
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00250-00184038-00184527 Research Council has taken so the question then becomes which chemicals
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00251-00184527-00185127 can cause D muscular D masculinizing effects in male offspring and let's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00252-00185127-00185645 group those together regardless of the details of mechanism and mode of action
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00253-00185645-00186564 the question then is that concerns a lot of people are we not casting the net too
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00254-00186564-00187284 wide here so that this is a dilemma either you're probably too narrow or too
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00255-00187284-00187875 wide let me just highlight this if you if you do it if you overdo it with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00256-00187875-00188331 mechanistic criteria you will always find arguments we're not even
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00257-00188331-00188874 combinations of highlights are regarded as sufficiently similar to Warren joint
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00258-00188874-00189570 assessment and I think then it becomes absurd there's always slight differences
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00259-00189570-00190296 in the molecular mechanisms of our solids act in this kind of system so a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00260-00190296-00190914 grouping like that would be if it's too narrow it would lack credibility on the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00261-00190914-00191643 other hand how wide do we want to cast the net this is in my opinion one of the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00262-00191643-00192351 most difficult questions in mixed of toxicology today to define on a sound
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00263-00192351-00192961 scientific basis good grouping criteria for cumulative risk assessment
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00264-00193000-00193609 so this grouping has to be plausible and credible I'll give you one example I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00265-00193609-00194221 mentioned this every now and then for example US EPA groups organophosphates
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00266-00194221-00194594 carbamide style carbamates and dice AIA carbamates
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00267-00194594-00195169 in separate assessment groups for cumulative risk assessment when
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00268-00195169-00195763 essentially all these chemicals work by the same mechanism ie
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00269-00195763-00196318 inhibiting acetylcholine esterase so in my opinion that's an example of a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00270-00196318-00197023 grouping strategy that lacks both credibility and scientific plausibility
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00271-00197116-00197663 so how can we make headway with these antiandrogens and the thyroids and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00272-00197663-00198269 here's an insight by someone called Earl Grey who whenever asked says the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00273-00198269-00198881 developing tissue does not care by which mechanism fetal under an action is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00274-00198881-00199151 compromised whether by suppression of androgen
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00275-00199151-00199754 synthesis or antagonism at the receptor the outcome is the same and that opens
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00276-00199754-00200300 the door this is a biological or we call it physiologically based grouping
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00277-00200300-00201080 criterion instead of getting so hung up about mechanisms so here's a chart which
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00278-00201080-00201731 appears in the NRC report so here we have phthalates other anti-androgen
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00279-00201731-00202397 compounds other risk factors through this funnel if they all act on and run
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00280-00202397-00202922 action the outcome is altered male reproductive outcomes and this has to be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00281-00202922-00203732 taken into consideration so here's a proposal for grouping of course favorite
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00282-00203732-00204496 chemical to the phthalates have to show up but here's a list of pesticides that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00283-00204496-00205229 many of which act at the andron receptor level we have environmental chemicals
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00284-00205229-00205844 that show evidence of anti Anisa TPP DD years if you like a classic one
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00285-00205844-00206498 certain PCBs show these affect certain dioxins and furans as well and then
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00286-00206498-00206992 there are others certain parabens for example there in vitro and receptor
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00287-00206992-00208103 antagonists UV filter substances and and some others so I've now I'm moving
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00288-00208103-00208769 towards my example of how this could be played out but before I should lay my
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00289-00208769-00209201 cards on the table in terms of risk assessment approaches and this we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00290-00209201-00209789 touched on yesterday there are two fundamentally different approaches to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00291-00209789-00210239 risk assessment they've been discussed by Glenn Souter at length he's written
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00292-00210239-00210830 many useful papers about this there's one first of all risks essman to protect
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00293-00210830-00211319 human populations in the sense you know we want this deterministic risk
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00294-00211319-00211921 certainly we want to know does the red light begin to flicker or not and this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00295-00211921-00212536 kind of risk assessment art of necessity has to have a bias towards conservatism
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00296-00212536-00213194 in case of uncertainty and that is necessary to protect human populations
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00297-00213194-00214066 the aim is mostly to evaluate is there a case for action this has to be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00298-00214066-00214684 contrasted with and may not be confused with a quantitative risk assessment
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00299-00214684-00215369 where the aim is really to assess the magnitude of a health impact at current
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00300-00215369-00215857 exposure levels that's some it's of course the two approaches are related
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00301-00215857-00216459 somewhat but it is different and both approaches use different methods to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00302-00216459-00217021 contrast this the quantitative risk assessment approach would very much rely
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00303-00217021-00217771 on probabilistic methods and approaches the question is and our kites are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00304-00217771-00218332 actually sufficient data at hand to move towards quantitative risk assessment and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00305-00218332-00218831 to cut a long story short I don't think there are so what follows is very much
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00306-00218831-00219350 in the camp of this determinist dick risk-assessment we started doing
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00307-00219350-00220013 this myself and my collaborator and friend Michelle Faust just in order to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00308-00220013-00220646 see let's use the information that's out there and will this kind of cumulative
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00309-00220646-00221392 risk assessment lead to the answer hmm is there a case to answer or not with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00310-00221392-00222239 the TDs and the role of chemical exposures so the how can this be done we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00311-00222239-00222983 are all familiar with the classic single chemical approach you make you divide
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00312-00222983-00223487 intake estimates by what you think is a tolerable daily intake and if this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00313-00223487-00224030 quotient is smaller than one everyone is happy
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00314-00224030-00224494 there is an approach which is called the hazard index approach to cumulative risk
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00315-00224494-00225244 assessment which builds on this and uses the same quotients if you like that's a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00316-00225244-00225671 hazard question but does this for every chemical in the mixture
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00317-00225671-00226337 the demand is then that each the sum of each of these questions here should also
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00318-00226337-00226969 be smaller than one that's an approach D has an index approach that has been
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00319-00226969-00227489 widely used and is still widely used by us epi for example for the assessment of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00320-00227489-00228161 Superfund sites normally what they do with Superfund sites that the demand is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00321-00228161-00228821 that these tolerable daily intakes does not necessarily have to be related to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00322-00228821-00229379 the same endpoint or health outcome they they sum up across totally different
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00323-00229379-00229991 endpoints but we thought we can't do this in this case let's utilize this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00324-00229991-00230600 approach and sum up over endpoints relevant to an tiandra Nissa t so let's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00325-00230600-00231458 not mix up apples with pears really it's the for the mutton Chris I put this in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00326-00231458-00232402 for you right so in selecting in making a list of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00327-00232402-00232888 chemicals we want to subject to the hazard index approach we had to reflect
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00328-00232888-00233401 on an effect criterion and what we chose work only chemicals with in vivo
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00329-00233401-00234078 evidence of auntie and Rona city we disregarded all in vitro antiandrogens
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00330-00234159-00234688 exposure information had to be available as well and let me tell you these two
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00331-00234688-00235223 criteria which probably seem very straightforward and trivial to you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00332-00235223-00235869 already proved to be very restrictive a lot of chemicals had to be thrown out
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00333-00235869-00236851 for a stunning lack of information if possible our goal was to distinguish
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00334-00236851-00237757 between median exposures and high exposures so here's the first list these
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00335-00237757-00238321 are the chemicals which we selected I I hope you can see it it's a little small
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00336-00238321-00239002 but I'll talk you through is these are the chemicals we have five phthalates we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00337-00239002-00239646 have think lot Olympic rowers prosimian linear infinite rasayan here these are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00338-00239646-00240315 well-documented anti-androgen syn river and finally PPD de down here the effect
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00339-00240315-00240841 looked at or taken into account here was suppression of fetal testosterone
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00340-00240841-00241494 synthesis retained nipples for the pesticides mostly changes in annual
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00341-00241494-00242005 gentle distance for finito Scion and retained nipples in male offspring for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00342-00242005-00243010 PPD de now here is what I would like to define as point of departure but for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00343-00243010-00243784 anti hundred and end points not for anything these this so this is derived
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00344-00243784-00244411 from experimental studies for example how to sell so that's either measures a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00345-00244411-00244903 point of departure could be either a benchmark dose or no observed effect
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00346-00244903-00245357 concentration orders here's an uncertainty factor and he
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00347-00245357-00245921 already the second limitation it turns out that many of these studies in fact
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00348-00245921-00246644 were scientific exploratory studies not designed to estimate very low effects so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00349-00246644-00247316 yeah but the information was out there we took account of this by combining
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00350-00247316-00247862 then by using an uncertainty factor larger than hundred normally hundred you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00351-00247862-00248689 use to define a reference dose but in hundred we've used here for these
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00352-00248689-00249233 pesticides so by combining those point of departures from animal experiments
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00353-00249233-00249752 with uncertainty factors we arrived at what we call reference dose for anti and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00354-00249752-00250351 Rona city in microgram per kilo and de and here are the references let me say
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00355-00250351-00250867 this was important to us as well in order to avoid comparing apples with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00356-00250867-00251469 pears let's look at finito si on finito a Scion if you like has an official Adi
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00357-00251469-00251969 which in fact is lower than the reference dose for anti Andrew Nyssa T
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00358-00251969-00252446 which we took into account here because fenêtre son is also a neurotoxin and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00359-00252446-00253171 neurotoxicity occurs at doses lower than anti and Renick effects so we have not
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00360-00253171-00253923 taken the IDI for finito SIA in order we feel that would have muddied the waters
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00361-00253923-00254723 okay these here's the second selection it becomes a little hazy here and here
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00362-00254723-00255434 you see already there problems here's a flame retardant BD e99 there is one
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00363-00255434-00255821 paper that describes suppression of testosterone levels and reductions in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00364-00255821-00256717 energy of distance in male offspring only only one study bisphenol A there
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00365-00256717-00257258 are some studies in Japan that described decrease testosterone levels in male
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00366-00257258-00257900 offspring but not very well documented and then propyl and butyl paraben again
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00367-00257900-00258328 here suppression of testosterone levels decreased epididymis weights and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00368-00258328-00258782 decreases in spam reduction but in general these these
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00369-00258782-00259336 chemicals the evidence for anti under Nyssa t I would regard us fairly limited
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00370-00259336-00260078 the data could be better nevertheless just to try out how far we get with this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00371-00260078-00261257 we included those chemicals as well then intake values and okay now here is the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00372-00261257-00261962 first attempt to cut a long story short if we carry out this exercise cumulative
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00373-00261962-00262523 risk assessment using the hazard index approach for median intakes on the basis
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00374-00262523-00263105 of 15 chemicals the answer is there's probably not a case to answer because
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00375-00263105-00263899 the hazard index the sum of hazard questions here is 0.38 smaller than one
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00376-00263899-00264551 let me just talk you through this table so here you see those chemicals here's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00377-00264551-00265139 the median intake the next column is the reference dose for aunty under Nyssa T
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00378-00265139-00265742 the hazard current is just intake divided by reference dose here you make
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00379-00265742-00266393 the sum and here we constructed the ratio of the hazard question to the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00380-00266393-00266972 overall hazard index and because it's 15 chemicals if they all contributed
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00381-00266972-00267602 equally you would expect this to be around 5% highlighted in gray are those
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00382-00267602-00268223 that contribute more so this is a wonderful tool for prioritization all of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00383-00268223-00268874 a sudden you see which chemicals are important players and which ones do not
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00384-00268874-00269945 contribute a lot to the hazard index so for example these here DBP dhp those
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00385-00269945-00270485 pesticides and butyl paraben after say something about this later
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00386-00270485-00271154 contribute disproportionally to the overall hazard index but for example not
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00387-00271154-00271680 PPD de not brominated flame retardants lots of people are hung up
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00388-00271680-00272307 about brominated flame retardants and auntie Angela City interesting the human
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00389-00272307-00273030 mind without eight cannot easily aggregate prevalence and potency so you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00390-00273030-00273825 but this is a wonderful aid to do this and a tool for prioritization okay let's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00391-00273825-00274454 look at high exposures and here the story changes and in the interest of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00392-00274454-00274899 determinist deterministic risk assessment we have to take this account
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00393-00274899-00275751 we're constructing a worst case again here similar construction high intake
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00394-00275751-00276345 reference doses hazard person and here the relative contribution what we see
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00395-00276345-00277020 here is the D H P is important probably DB p as well
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00396-00277020-00277824 all those pesticides bisphenol a butyl paraben propel paraben however what
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00397-00277824-00278484 worries me is that with bisphenol a butyl and propel paraben both the intake
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00398-00278484-00279332 estimates and the potency estimates are very shaky however the overall sum is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00399-00279332-00279987 2.0 one that's probably over accurate so let's say two and you see here butyl
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00400-00279987-00280605 paraben alone contributes fifty percent so we could say let's take Beauty power
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00401-00280605-00281034 been out for the sake of the argument because the quality of data is not very
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00402-00281034-00281577 good we would still be left with something quite close to one which I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00403-00281577-00282347 would conclude to mean maybe we should be a bit careful we've then carried out
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00404-00282347-00282963 well that's a summary here for high intakes we have seven chemicals
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00405-00282963-00283455 explained more than ninety percent of an expected combination effect there's poor
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00406-00283455-00284079 data quality for bisphenol A the same for paraben and they surprise to us if
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00407-00284079-00284487 we compare intake values was that flame retardants and people dealing you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00408-00284487-00285039 contribute very little this is goes against the grain of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00409-00285039-00285792 the hobby chemicals of many people in this area but now we have to have a an
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00410-00285792-00286548 uncertainty analysis we asked ourselves and you see here the Empire State
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00411-00286548-00287576 Building gets little hazy what are factors that decrease our risk estimate
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00412-00287576-00288080 and definitely the first one is the question of combinatorial exposures we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00413-00288080-00288663 have assumed in this worst case that everyone is or know that certain people
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00414-00288663-00289263 are exposed to the high end now how likely is this really that someone high
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00415-00289263-00289979 in solids is also high in pesticides we don't know for a lack of data what would
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00416-00289979-00290592 need it would be needed to address this would be that we have samples from one
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00417-00290592-00291109 at the same person analyzed for multiple chemicals these data are not available
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00418-00291109-00291813 but surely I think it can be argued that community oral exposures would actually
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00419-00291813-00292473 decrease our risk estimates against this we have to balance factors that way
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00420-00292473-00293255 we'll definitely increase our risk estimates and these are first of all my
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00421-00293255-00293750 worries are that we are dealing with an incomplete set of chemicals if you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00422-00293750-00294436 remember the selection criteria which we set ourselves meant that very definitely
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00423-00294436-00294945 we had to leave out some chemicals where there are some suspicions of auntie and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00424-00294945-00295689 Rina City so if we had better data and our data gaps and if we included those
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00425-00295689-00296193 as well the risk estimate would go up again the hazard index would increase
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00426-00296193-00296949 that secondly I have some concerns about under estimations of potency you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00427-00296949-00297423 remember when I explained how we arrived at those reference doses for Aunty and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00428-00297423-00297927 Rona city many of these studies who are really not designed
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00429-00297927-00298658 to estimate no observed effect levels or benchmarks and my concern is that really
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00430-00298658-00299241 those risk estimates in future studies better conducted studies might actually
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00431-00299241-00299979 show that where we are lower that would increase our risk estimates as well so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00432-00299979-00300594 you can see this oh by the way just you probably guessed it with all this we've
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00433-00300594-00301215 made the assumption that the exposure of women in the reproductive age is very
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00434-00301215-00301617 similar to that of the general population I think that's a fair
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00435-00301617-00302413 assumption really we want to protect the male fetus so here if you we go back to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00436-00302413-00302955 the formula for hazard indices you can see mathematically how this plays out so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00437-00302955-00303603 we have the exposure levels here if they go up then the hazard index will
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00438-00303603-00304380 increase the acceptable levels for single chemicals if they go down hazard
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00439-00304380-00304908 index will increase and finally that worries me a lot the total number of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00440-00304908-00305559 chemicals that go into this formula here n we restricted ourselves to 15 what
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00441-00305559-00306210 will happen if we have better data for more potential antiandrogens which will
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00442-00306210-00307020 enable us to put these into this formula as well well for help we can turn to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00443-00307020-00307663 this man and reflect a little unknown unknowns the in vitro under nan tagging
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00444-00307663-00308478 and receptor antagonists our lab we are pursuing this with vigor in our lamp we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00445-00308478-00309117 are testing quite a few chemicals and a lot of surprises happen there is at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00446-00309117-00309765 least 35 pesticides in use which we know of our hundred receptor antagonists in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00447-00309765-00310539 vitro there is UV filter substances they are too and certain dioxins and furans
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00448-00310539-00311185 the question really is you know as well as I how expensive it is to do
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00449-00311185-00311701 a an in vitro developmental toxicity study do we really want to test all of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00450-00311701-00312307 these in these models it would be very expensive on the other hand there's this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00451-00312307-00312880 information out there about a lot of in vitro and receptor antagonists what do
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00452-00312880-00313110 we do
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00453-00313146-00313789 the most serious stumbling block in my opinion is this poor and fragmentary
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00454-00313789-00314359 information about exposure levels for example about the paraben so a crude
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00455-00314359-00315013 estimates about exposures done by European scientific committees but we're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00456-00315013-00315906 not sure better data are needed so to conclude I believe that the hazard index
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00457-00315906-00316477 approach is a is a good tool and probably the best we can use at the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00458-00316477-00317047 moment to make headway with at least Popeye oriT izing chemicals in in this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00459-00317047-00317551 area and for making headway with getting a feel for whether there actually might
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00460-00317551-00318160 be a case to answer or not we it's a it's a powerful tool also to identify
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00461-00318160-00318703 knowledge gaps and I couldn't anticipate that before we did this and have to say
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00462-00318703-00319216 I was a little surprised about some knowledge gaps there are loads of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00463-00319216-00319846 pesticides out there but quite frankly they're in use and there are no in vivo
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00464-00319846-00320533 data about anti-drone City nothing industry has got away with not providing
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00465-00320533-00321318 these data we can also use this to direct epidemiological research so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00466-00321318-00321754 epidemiologists might be interested in this and saying right we can tell them
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00467-00321754-00322215 rather than looking at your favorite chemical for example there the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00468-00322215-00322693 environmental epidemiology in this area is littered with studies where only the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00469-00322693-00323236 effects of PPD de on hypospadias and similar things were studied this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00470-00323236-00323842 consideration shows us that epidemiology has probably been barking up the wrong
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00471-00323842-00324441 tree for a long time and instead should focus on some other chemicals
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00472-00324495-00325341 it may also be used to focus regulatory action so to conclude I would say we can
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00473-00325341-00325911 we can try out cumulative risk assessment it is better than anything
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00474-00325911-00326678 that happens today simply by pursuing single chemicals anything
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00475-00326678-00327426 considering mixtures is better than the status quo and with this I'd like to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00476-00327426-00328244 thank you and thank you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00477-00328802-00330674 but do we any questions comments okay I have a couple of questions in the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00478-00330674-00331428 experiments were you looking at the mixtures you make a mixture or Earl Grey
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00479-00331428-00331967 or somebody of you know maybe half a dozen chemicals they're roughly
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00480-00331967-00332541 generally roughly at equipo doses is that correct yeah these are what we call
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00481-00332541-00333288 the the if you like lab designer mixtures here where the aim is to to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00482-00333288-00334017 refine prediction tools to see whether we can really anticipate the effect this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00483-00334017-00334521 is so necessary to do so because you have to safeguard against the danger
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00484-00334521-00334866 that really you don't do a mixture experiment although you put some
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00485-00334866-00335364 chemicals together and that's the case when maybe one or only a few players
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00486-00335364-00336102 dominate that's absolutely and also you're doing experiments as at doses
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00487-00336102-00336726 where you have very measurable effects and my question is after after reading
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00488-00336726-00337326 that that chapter and the NRC report what happens as you move away from that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00489-00337326-00337863 sort of middle ground the exposures get lower where you know
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00490-00337863-00338450 humans exposures are not at the fifth thank God at the 50% effect level there
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00491-00338450-00339474 somewhere lower and where the mixtures maybe a little more skewed does do you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00492-00339474-00339964 think that what's likely to happen tis will additive 'ti do you think dose a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00493-00339964-00340647 Nativity will still apply or do you think it may be less than dose additive
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00494-00340647-00341427 and the I haven't shown this but we've also nested in some of these studies
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00495-00341427-00341992 we've done what we call our something from nothing experiment where for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00496-00341992-00342528 example with the mixture of 300 receptor antagonists in vivo it was possible to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00497-00342528-00343178 define an observed adverse effect level and we then deliberately directly
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00498-00343178-00343599 combined the three chemicals at precisely that dose to see is there a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00499-00343599-00344070 mixture effect or not and there was and it was predictable well by those
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00500-00344070-00344853 addition I'm just thinking with all the chemicals were exposed to and we know
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00501-00344853-00345742 that some of a very anti androgenic in up probably a lot we don't know and if
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00502-00345742-00346515 it it just seems to be it to me if you keep adding chemicals to your list a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00503-00346515-00347097 it's it's good we're gonna find that the risk is so high I mean it's it would be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00504-00347097-00347907 unbelievably implausibly high and I'm just wondering as you get to lower and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00505-00347907-00348667 lower exposures to more and more chemicals does that you know do you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00506-00348667-00349569 deviate from additive 'ti conceptually no although if someone gives us the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00507-00349569-00350154 money we do the experiments well if you prove positive but it's going to be damn
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00508-00350154-00350806 expensive yea we think we I personally don't like doing those experiments that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00509-00350806-00351914 so to prove cons you know I would say if you then move on into theory it is to be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00510-00351914-00352461 expected that if you combine many chemicals at low doses that's if if they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00511-00352461-00353128 then the toxic unit the hazard quotients and up to a suitably high level then you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00512-00353128-00353567 will you will get a mixture effect of course if you look at the mathematics of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00513-00353567-00354194 this you can't anticipate situations where for example if you have very few
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00514-00354194-00354745 relevant players combined with relatively low exposures nothing is to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00515-00354745-00355466 be expected but that the answer to that question and I think this is quite
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00516-00355466-00356035 important to separate out is not a an issue of mixture toxicology it's it's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00517-00356035-00356516 one off incomplete information about exposures and also the relevant
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00518-00356516-00357253 chemicals which we need to take into consideration you know I agree totally
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00519-00357253-00357901 that the the issue is on exposure because you know to have all these
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00520-00357901-00358470 things at the high levels in any one place in any one time is quite remote
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00521-00358470-00359311 and unfortunately when people have done risk assessments using Monte Carlo
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00522-00359311-00359717 techniques to take the 95th percentile of everything and they throw it in and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00523-00359717-00360106 say well we got a risk sure of course you do because you've thrown everything
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00524-00360106-00360566 into the hopper and you've only looked at the real high end and I think we have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00525-00360566-00361054 to be very careful that we have to look at the realistic probabilities of coming
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00526-00361054-00361759 up with some situations where there may be one two or three chemicals that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00527-00361759-00362308 occurred simultaneously because either high production or is there in products
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00528-00362308-00362701 that everyone uses every day and their their high levels in those products but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00529-00362701-00363211 for the most part I just don't see where that 90th percentile is gonna come into
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00530-00363211-00363518 play in any reality we have one thing going for us
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00531-00363518-00364004 because the phalates and Ann Haynes they're measuring a set of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00532-00364004-00364940 phalates yeah and so if you could it it wouldn't be easy to do but I think it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00533-00364940-00365393 could be done if you could count if there were a bio equivalent a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00534-00365393-00365972 biomonitoring equivalent whatever you want to call it if for you know each
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00535-00365972-00366482 tally you have a certain metabolite level and if you could apply some
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00536-00366482-00367247 adjustment factor that would adjust for not only the pharmacokinetics and then
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00537-00367247-00367919 also the potency you could sample individually we can get the download the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00538-00367919-00368336 data from an hain for individuals for individuals if you can download for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00539-00368336-00368912 individuals and you can have the the range of levels in the body you can at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00540-00368912-00369443 least get an idea of how many are present or not but that means you have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00541-00369443-00369794 to download the whole data set because there's so many of these samples in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00542-00369794-00370361 which there's non detects and it's ok is there were that many that were not in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00543-00370361-00370706 the text it depends upon the individual and depends upon the compounds because
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00544-00370706-00371351 we're talking about a whole variety of compounds here and I tend to get very
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00545-00371351-00371822 discouraged when I see people reporting things like the 97th and 95th and the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00546-00371822-00372296 50th percentile they don't yeah they don't report the 5 and the 2 and the 1
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00547-00372296-00372713 percentile which in fact Mary may in fact be there might be a lot of data
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00548-00372713-00373754 yeah but but if we knew how to do that I think it's conceptually possible sure it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00549-00373754-00374471 it would be very valuable but we thought about this as well and the problem is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00550-00374471-00375032 one of those metrics yeah if you have information about tissue levels in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00551-00375032-00375626 humans it would be really nice to have the equivalent from animal experiments
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00552-00375626-00376181 where where we know that the outcomes our observable but unfortunately there's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00553-00376181-00376592 another data gap we don't I'm currently involved
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00554-00376592-00376925 I'm currently coordinating an EU project where we are trying to fill
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00555-00376925-00377585 SCAP but that's gonna be a lot of work but there's only one hint of what might
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00556-00377585-00378296 come there's a study by RI where they looked at where they gave salads to the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00557-00378296-00379088 female rats and measured in the amniotic fluid the thyroid levels and compared to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00558-00379088-00379706 what's measurable in amniotic fluid in humans and when observed when they found
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00559-00379706-00380284 effects in the rat imagine of exposure on that dose metric was frightening
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00560-00380284-00381155 frightening Li small but that was done only for two single chemicals yeah but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00561-00381155-00381620 this is the kind of stuff we would need and then you know human tissue levels
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00562-00381620-00382013 would come to life and we could use them at the moment I find this difficult
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00563-00382013-00382589 because we haven't got the information from the animal experiments to use a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00564-00382589-00383147 read across or a parallelogram oh you mean like even comparing a rat
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00565-00383147-00383699 urinary level to a human urinary level that's not possible I don't think that's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00566-00383699-00383927 possible at this time in fact I think there would
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00567-00383927-00384478 be kind of dangerous in terms of coming up with any kind of reasonable
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00568-00384478-00385028 assessments oh no I wouldn't think it's dangerous someone needs to do it and see
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00569-00385028-00385667 what using the data I mean again it's biomarkers and their own writer of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00570-00385667-00386246 single points in time and and I don't think unless we have time series that we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00571-00386246-00386750 have any way of using that effectively for a risk assessment which which we're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00572-00386750-00387185 talking about a risk assessment not for just one day in the life but over a year
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00573-00387185-00387731 or maybe even 70 years so they really we really have to be really careful how we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00574-00387731-00388286 extrapolate these numbers yes absolutely why I mean I look at it like you said
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00575-00388286-00389069 it's a snapshot but it's of a large population so is it any different from
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00576-00389069-00389402 looking at one person yes from day to day
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00577-00389402-00389916 absolutely absolutely it's different from day to day
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00578-00389916-00390499 well for an individual's population about think about use of pesticides I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00579-00390499-00391292 mean in the United States if you have people who have you know farms gardens
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00580-00391292-00391874 people who have pests in the home and they spray their own houses they they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00581-00391874-00392439 will have periodic exposures and those exposures will lead to levels in the in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00582-00392439-00393015 the body that will be decreased over time and so you sample a person at time
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00583-00393015-00393447 X you find nothing you'd sample of time why you find levels that are through the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00584-00393447-00393969 roof it doesn't mean that you will have characterized that individuals exposure
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00585-00393969-00394409 and you're using a general population study sure it gives you statistical
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00586-00394409-00394808 distribution of the mean but not the people who eat the high end or the low
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00587-00394808-00395479 end so you really gotta be careful how you extrapolate that data you really do
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00588-00395578-00395953 you think the goodness of fit that you've seen here is unique to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00589-00395953-00396518 anti-angiogenic activity or might you find it with other hormonal activities
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00590-00396518-00397208 or even more distantly non hormonal mechanisms of action I'm not sure I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00591-00397208-00397835 understand your question goodness of fit with the dis response cursor and and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00592-00397835-00398919 also the mixed mechanism but they still involve androgens yes yes in in the one
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00593-00398919-00399800 mixture the three players antagonize the androgen receptor and you saw the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00594-00399800-00400385 quality of dose response analysis which we conducted the regression models with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00595-00400385-00401166 confidence belts etc and I'm not sure I'm getting your point but the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00596-00401166-00401646 diagnostic criterion which we used to assess agreement with the prediction is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00597-00401646-00402260 an overlap between the prediction belt around around the predicted curve and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00598-00402260-00402803 the observed data if if these two overlap we conclude it's in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00599-00402803-00403336 line with DOS Edition and that was the case with in almost all the all the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00600-00403336-00404906 examples I've shown you accept this synergism other comments holder I'd like
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00601-00404906-00405656 to come back to the biomonitoring data I think we shouldn't over complicate the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00602-00405656-00406033 interpretation of the biomonitoring data and shouldn't oversimplify the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00603-00406033-00406558 interpretation of the external dos estimations for example by the chewing
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00604-00406558-00406856 experiments is on because you can chew and you can chew
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00605-00406856-00407239 you can take out the dough stick and it's the same of the biomonitoring
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00606-00407239-00407867 however picking up the lead from pole I think we've distillates we're in the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00607-00407867-00408467 position that we very well know how consistent the exposure is within the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00608-00408467-00409042 general population you have for at least six delights always positive
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00609-00409042-00409469 biomonitoring values you have positive detects of at least six delights in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00610-00409469-00410393 urine and to make it clear detecting has nothing to do with risk or a hazard but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00611-00410393-00411118 we can extrapolate the metabolite that was pretty reliable pretty reliable to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00612-00411118-00411931 the dose taken up and there are other studies I think Russ Villa also can can
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00613-00411931-00412475 talk about it that we pretty much know that those who have been in the upper
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00614-00412475-00412817 quartiles pretty consistently in the upper
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00615-00412817-00413327 quartiles for for most of the steroids and for others they are not and yes we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00616-00413327-00413833 can individual look at the the late exposure of each individual we've done
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00617-00413833-00414298 this in German if the children by a mental survey we can up the delayed
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00618-00414298-00414835 levels on individual basis so we can really sum up the dose of each
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00619-00414835-00415348 individual regarding the phthalates and looking at Ben's data plus other anti
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00620-00415348-00415808 hydrogen's long as you have time series you can do that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00621-00415808-00416319 yeah but Paul isn't it the same with before the external dollars
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00622-00416319-00416835 extrapolations with chewing or not chewing taking the teeth in the mouth or
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00623-00416835-00417315 not measuring air concentrations and dust concentrations I couldn't be in the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00624-00417315-00417727 room in the can't be in the room I can take it I think the the issue of the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00625-00417727-00418464 external dose the external exposures if you're talking about where the exposure
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00626-00418464-00418981 occurring if the occurring in the home yes you have consistency because the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00627-00418981-00419425 levels aren't going to change from day to day because you have you have all
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00628-00419425-00419943 these products that have phthalates you know so that that's fine under that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00629-00419943-00420540 circumstance but if you're looking at the high-end exposures who knows it can
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00630-00420540-00421138 be for anything but things where there's a consistent day to day reasonable you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00631-00421138-00421609 know consistency in levels which you probably have in most homes I see no
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00632-00421609-00421944 problem with it's just those high-end Peaks you're gonna you're gonna find
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00633-00421944-00422554 them that that that is not easy to predict no but I think we we have to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00634-00422554-00422994 have a reality check here I think we also found that the exposure information
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00635-00422994-00423481 for phthalates is is as good as it gets it's sufficiently good to do this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00636-00423481-00424255 exercise and that's fine we can you know that's good data from the US the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00637-00424255-00424930 announced data and also good data from from Germany very extensive data and you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00638-00424930-00425556 can construct 95 under 95th percentile as a criterion for high exposures that's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00639-00425556-00426403 sufficient we have to be realistic it's you can dot the i's and cross the t's if
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00640-00426403-00426888 you like but I don't think it'll alter much was it general because there have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00641-00426888-00427419 been smaller studies where they looked at people for what a week two weeks or
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00642-00427419-00427810 something like they looked at day to day and even within a day I mean there are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00643-00427810-00428452 variations yeah I was gonna comment on that there are those studies or these
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00644-00428452-00429050 repeated measures yeah I guess there's a point where you just have to take a leap
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00645-00429050-00429512 our discussion to sow eggs there's no I don't have a problem with it when you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00646-00429512-00430025 start burning throwing him pesticides you can't it's a totally different set
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00647-00430025-00430628 of circumstances and applications and source patterns when you say you can't
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00648-00430628-00431180 what can you not do it's gonna be a constant level because you have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00649-00431180-00431549 application it's periodic and it's not every day of the week and you don't know
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00650-00431549-00432077 whether the person is getting a very high exposure on day X versus day Y it's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00651-00432077-00432563 it's a difference in terms of source distribution and source release the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00652-00432563-00432968 emissions from a power plant are consistent from day to day all right
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00653-00432968-00433457 that's because the source is constant the emissions of phthalates in home will
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00654-00433457-00433862 be fairly constant because you have some more sources every day the difference
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00655-00433862-00434443 between that and other kinds of sources will in fact depending on the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00656-00434443-00435127 periodicity the intensity and the contact that you have different
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00657-00435127-00435670 variables yes but all this is true but again we need a reality check the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00658-00435670-00436409 exposures or intakes of a large number of pesticides are regularly estimated on
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00659-00436409-00436843 a mandatory basis in Europe the information is there well I guess it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00660-00436843-00437267 depends if if you're exposed from residues in food it may be fairly
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00661-00437267-00437951 consistent if it's the one you spray at home that's a little bit different which
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00662-00437951-00438500 is basically where the highest exposure ketoconazole i think is a used in for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00663-00438500-00438967 human you know athlete's foot or something so that may be a little more
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00664-00438967-00439580 sporadic but but I think that the phthalate exposure is also sporadic
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00665-00439580-00440030 because in part from home exposure there's a use of personal care products
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00666-00440030-00440417 you know you use it in the morning then you may reapply something in the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00667-00440417-00440834 afternoon the evening and then I think a lot also depends on the timing of the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00668-00440834-00441278 urine sample I mean you you could have someone that you know uses a product at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00669-00441278-00441791 6:00 a.m. take a urine sample at 8 and a 10 a.m. you're going to get very
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00670-00441791-00442238 different levels because of the short half-life so I think for phthalates -
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00671-00442238-00442831 there's a lot of intermittence exposures that are used in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00672-00442831-00443317 personal care products semi-volatile were they mostly non-volatile they're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00673-00443317-00443929 the same that's the butyl and the ethyl so they're like semi volatile but they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00674-00443929-00444499 do you do absorb them through the skin so there there will be you know apart
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00675-00444499-00444856 from you know maybe your home or office environment where there's an indoor air
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00676-00444856-00445306 level you know as you apply these products as you eat different foods
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00677-00445306-00445953 throughout the day you're gonna be dosed at different well but again for those
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00678-00445953-00446853 ethyl and butyl it the exposures may be more episodic whereas for de HPD InP
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00679-00446853-00447526 maybe it is more a little more constant I mean it's I think the e HP and and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00680-00447526-00447937 hoger has some data on this that presented at a meeting a few years ago
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00681-00447937-00448585 was primarily through foods right so that would also be you know episodic and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00682-00448585-00449056 then a lot depends too on the you know the spot urine samples when they're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00683-00449056-00449692 taken relative so that's probably why you're seeing you know the variability
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00684-00449692-00450222 isn't as much as what someone's exposed to as much also as when that urine
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00685-00450222-00450691 samples taken relative to when that exposure occurred and you know you're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00686-00450691-00451068 detecting these in whatever ninety ninety five percent of the population I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00687-00451068-00451528 mean my feeling is and you know that few percent that you may not detecting it it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00688-00451528-00452010 may be that you know they're using these products or eating something but their
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00689-00452010-00452568 exposure is far enough remote from the urine sample that you're not detecting
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00690-00452568-00453420 it meaning that there's widespread we're gonna need some exposure scenarios or
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00691-00453420-00454072 exposure characteristics to deal with what andreas we're doing doing with the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00692-00454072-00454606 50th percentile the 90th percentile we're gonna be dealing with a the key
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00693-00454606-00455170 will be you know how one construction constructed these profiles to get some
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00694-00455170-00455559 level of underst of how it relates at some point in time
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00695-00455559-00456267 to biomonitoring because without that and all this stuff is could be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00696-00456267-00456727 stochastic well there is there is some data I mean there's there's data that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00697-00456727-00457156 actually people have taken urine samples multiple times throughout a day relative
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00698-00457156-00457576 to a point exposure and then there's data on people you know
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00699-00457576-00458113 repeated-measures you know you may have ten or fifteen on the same person over a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00700-00458113-00458859 month or several months so those can be used as our benchmarks yes okay well it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00701-00458859-00459363 is to answer your question it isn't very important if you if you pursue the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00702-00459363-00459873 hazard index approach to get the dose metrics right it burnt tissue levels
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00703-00459873-00460600 would would be of no use for that at this present state because there's only
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00704-00460600-00461022 one demand with the hazard index approach the dose metric off the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00705-00461022-00461680 numerator has to be the same as the one of the denominator which is intake the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00706-00461680-00462321 numerators intake so however if in the future there's more information
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00707-00462321-00463107 available about how human tissue levels compare with tissue levels for example
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00708-00463107-00463600 in the rat that associated with the effects then you could do a better read
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00709-00463600-00464157 across but at the moment this kind of data is not available but this is not
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00710-00464157-00464713 only relevant for interpreting biomonitoring data what you said that's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00711-00464713-00465754 relevant for interpreting all data oh yeah I'm happy to concede that yet yes I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00712-00465754-00466113 have a quick question which was kind of in a different direction
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00713-00466113-00466563 you know what you've presented I think you've presented it clearly but it's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00714-00466563-00467196 complex and so you're looking at compounds that may act through common
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00715-00467196-00468142 adverse outcome mechanisms but then we know that there are chemicals that may
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00716-00468142-00468497 alter the metabolism of some of these come on
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00717-00468497-00468967 so it could become even more complex so for instance that there's another
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00718-00468967-00469483 chemical that may increase or decrease the rate of metabolism and therefore
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00719-00469483-00470233 clearance of phthalates is is that something that can be considered in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00720-00470233-00470845 these I mean it would be I think another step forward because you know you're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00721-00470845-00471385 you're looking at common adverse outcome or mechanisms this is a very important
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00722-00471385-00472159 question and and the this is where the limit of of this predictive approach to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00723-00472159-00472570 mix the toxicology well that's where the limits are of this approach which we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00724-00472570-00473278 pursue because what you're talking about is a situation where in isolation
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00725-00473278-00473728 chemical a doesn't do anything but say combined with an anti-androgen and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00726-00473728-00474264 phthalates would exacerbate the effects of the phthalates or the other engine
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00727-00474264-00474817 with mixture effect prediction and assessment this only works for come for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00728-00474817-00475312 combinations that all produce the effect you're just interested in and then you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00729-00475312-00475951 can model so what you've described is a very important point but at the moment
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00730-00475951-00476701 essentially unpredictable quantitatively you may arrive at qualitative
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00731-00476701-00477112 predictions you can say right if we combine a solid with this and that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00732-00477112-00477706 chemical qualitatively we would expect the effect to get worse or better but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00733-00477706-00478288 one you cannot easily predict at this stage to what degree the effect would
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00734-00478288-00478870 get worse or better this is done very frequently with drug interactions you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00735-00478870-00479329 know someone's on drug a and you say well don't take drug B because its
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00736-00479329-00479789 metabolism is impaired and the dose you're actually taking is not ten
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00737-00479789-00480285 milligrams that your body will see but you know 100 milligrams because drug a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00738-00480285-00481108 is impairing its metabolism so our goal is to come up with some numbers that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00739-00481108-00481691 determine whether or not there's gonna be a ban on the use of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00740-00481691-00482710 this products in in toy you know in toys and in other kids products so how do we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00741-00482710-00483535 approach this going toward what kind of a degree of uncertainty or certainty
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00742-00483535-00484112 we're gonna allow on both sides of the questions to to at least come up with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00743-00484112-00484634 some reasonable estimates because if we don't set some reasonable targets we can
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00744-00484634-00485189 spend our time arguing about you know whether it's you know how much
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00745-00485189-00485672 uncertainty were we're gonna allow in any one measurement and I'm fearful that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00746-00485672-00486154 that's gonna cause us a lot of problems well I think that leads us right into
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00747-00486154-00486760 the next thing we wanted to discuss and I think at this point maybe we should
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00748-00486760-00487639 take a break come back at and 15 and pursue you know what is an acceptable
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00749-00487639-00488258 risk that the point that Byrne brought up and acceptable risk with what
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00750-00488258-00488893 endpoints those are critical issues we need to really discuss and and come to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00751-00488893-00490571 some kind of consensus okay I like the idea of don't have anyone everyone here
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00752-00490571-00491300 at the moment but I think we should get started again and now I'd like to start
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00753-00491300-00491872 a discussion about some of the issues that we're gonna have to come to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00754-00491872-00492677 consensus on and I think the first one we deal with is and it's going to be one
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00755-00492677-00493445 of our charges is what is acceptable risk and in order to really talk about
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00756-00493445-00493955 that we're going to talk about with respect to which end points so I'm gonna
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00757-00493955-00494418 have burned lead this discussion
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00758-00494553-00495835 burne would you take take the mic yes I got your cue well I'm not sure that it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00759-00495835-00496471 will take us a long time to initially reach agreement on what are the end
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00760-00496471-00497337 points of talks pelagic response we want to consider as the prime end points and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00761-00497337-00497833 we've seen them outlined we've been talking about them in that context
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00762-00497833-00498543 already but I think we we need to have a discussion of we're going to cast the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00763-00498543-00499051 net fairly widely and moved by brute force through these or are we going to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00764-00499051-00499675 cast the net fairly narrowly at least initially so that we would pick ones
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00765-00499675-00500493 that we would most likely be able to reach agreement on for acceptable risk
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00766-00500493-00501010 because we have the data to be able to consider that and then if there are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00767-00501010-00501301 endpoints beyond that where it's more difficult we can always come back and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00768-00501301-00501831 pick those up later my suggestion would be that we not try the brute force
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00769-00501831-00502363 approach and cast the net widely and look at all kinds of end points I would
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00770-00502363-00503053 say that we should get our teeth into a better defined and a better agreed upon
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00771-00503053-00503845 one or two or three and didn't see if we can work out an understanding of what
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00772-00503845-00504274 acceptable risk would be for one or two where we have a lot of information and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00773-00504274-00504693 it's repeatable observations we're spending our time on what everybody
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00774-00504693-00505393 would agree to is the important endpoint for considering risk so before we we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00775-00505393-00505801 talk about how we would reach agreement on what that risk or that acceptable
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00776-00505801-00506247 risk is perhaps we can have a discussion of what are the endpoints that we should
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00777-00506247-00507279 really consider and Mike you you had
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00778-00507373-00507893 I don't know if it's on the slide I don't think it is but if we're talking
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00779-00507893-00508427 about the developmental effects in the male's I mean it's it's the range is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00780-00508427-00509183 from it's not here but the range is from you know testosterone starts with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00781-00509183-00510376 testosterone production and then from there on up to testosterone production
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00782-00510376-00511000 anogenital distance nipple retention
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00783-00511243-00511934 cryptorchidism and high post Beatty is I think is the range of effects that you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00784-00511934-00512726 see you could add in a prostate weight or something there's a couple other
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00785-00512726-00513353 things you could include but those are the highlights and I guess the question
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00786-00513353-00514181 is do you want to I don't know that you can have the the whole range of effects
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00787-00514181-00514817 on all the relevant phalates and I don't know do you it's a matter of I think in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00788-00514817-00515557 the NRC report was it did you was a testosterone production or lethality or
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00789-00515557-00516314 public allottee I can't remember what the end point that you focused on just
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00790-00516314-00517021 aa stirone yeah yeah I guess that's the other extreme but testosterone levels
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00791-00517021-00517814 and that's fine usually for that you would pick a you know a 10% drop or you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00792-00517814-00518319 know you pick some number that you consider to be adverse I mean that's a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00793-00518319-00519239 toxicologist kind of decision but you know do you want to pick one end point
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00794-00519239-00519809 yeah I mean that you can do that apply that to all the phalates I guess the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00795-00519809-00520532 other option is depending on with the data that are available you might use
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00796-00520532-00521161 some combination of the the endpoints
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00797-00521161-00521951 anti-androgen again points but that's I think that those are the options on the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00798-00521951-00522946 table for the male developmental effects you know which of these endpoints or
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00799-00522946-00523595 combination of do you do you want to use or are they at this point maybe still
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00800-00523595-00524278 all on the table maybe before we we try to take the male developmental effects
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00801-00524278-00524955 to a final decision let's look a little more broadly what about the female
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00802-00524955-00525905 developmental effects I I don't know offhand if anybody wants to jump jump in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00803-00525905-00526592 i mean the there are a variety of reproductive and developmental effects
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00804-00526592-00527280 and for example if you expose earlier during gestation there are effects in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00805-00527280-00528305 both males and females skeletal variations and visceral or the organ
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00806-00528305-00529176 malformations and so on then later in gestation is where you see the in tight
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00807-00529176-00530072 androgenic effects and I'm not sure at birth what you see in the females I you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00808-00530072-00530761 know there's at least one report where there are behavioral effects later on
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00809-00530869-00531569 but that you know there it's it's sort of a a mix of things but you know the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00810-00531569-00532251 male pups are the ones that are affected the most and you know that's probably I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00811-00532251-00532865 think a good starting point is to say for any kind of developmental
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00812-00532865-00533613 reproductive effects the anti-androgen isset II is is going to be the most
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00813-00533613-00534101 potent endpoint for the active phalates
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00814-00534117-00535117 now if you want to expand that to all the phthalates you would have to look at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00815-00535117-00535982 something else like any developmental effect or me perhaps the developmental
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00816-00535982-00536921 effects that occur earlier in just earlier in gestation we're fortunate in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00817-00536921-00537671 this if you want to consider this a good fortune that the most sensitive affect
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00818-00537671-00538090 is also a serious effect yes so we're not looking at a trivial effect right oh
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00819-00538090-00538907 it's a severe effect yes yeah I don't know the literature all that well in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00820-00538907-00539555 terms of embryonic exposures to to phthalates but I suspect there's not a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00821-00539555-00540221 whole lot there do you know burn I think that's right and certainly most of the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00822-00540221-00541038 attention has been what Michael exposures amount of studies I mean that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00823-00541038-00541826 was the problem early on the studies I mean I can't remember exactly the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00824-00541826-00542613 details but they occurred during organogenesis and so you didn't see
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00825-00542613-00543192 these anti-angiogenic effects you did see malformations things and the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00826-00543192-00544323 skeletal things heart defects in even kidney defects and a lot of those are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00827-00544323-00545067 covered in the seee CRH are reports the it was all more recently that people
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00828-00545067-00545730 started exposing later in gestation during the the critical period for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00829-00545730-00546767 sexual differentiation so I think there's a there's a reasonable amount of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00830-00546767-00547046 data on both
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00831-00547184-00548216 oh and I think much higher dose maybe yeah
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00832-00548216-00548813 yeah yeah yeah I mean dose response is always yeah I'm not sure how good that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00833-00548813-00549452 is but even in the older studies there was usually an effort to try to find a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00834-00549452-00549920 no effect level right right so that's one reference point that we would be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00835-00549920-00550388 working from I mean there weren't a lot of a lot of doses but yeah I mean there
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00836-00550388-00551078 were generally Noelle's very well so we've talked about the male
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00837-00551078-00551450 developmental effects and to some extent the lesser extent female developmental
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00838-00551450-00551744 effects those are both categories of responses
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00839-00551744-00552584 that we might want to consider for an acceptable risk discussion what about
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00840-00552584-00553409 exposure to the young animals or adolescents as opposed to adults and the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00841-00553409-00554242 conceptus is there a group of effects that are observed primarily when
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00842-00554242-00554866 adolescents are exposed well not that I know I think they're just less severe
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00843-00554866-00555734 you know similar if antigenicity there's similar kinds of effects they just that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00844-00555734-00556379 the juveniles are not as sensitive is the fetus and of course the adult even
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00845-00556379-00557414 in the adults at high enough doses it'll damage the testes but there it's they're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00846-00557414-00558356 just less sensitive oh if we're going to be looking at products that children are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00847-00558356-00558965 using after they're born and you know and while they're growing up a young age
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00848-00558965-00559616 what what is gonna be the endpoint that we're gonna target for these estimates
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00849-00559616-00560117 of risk I mean you know you say well you know sort of glibly you know what goes
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00850-00560117-00560759 down yeah but you know that's we're the target of our investigation is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00851-00560759-00561647 supposed to go even though we are to include the pregnant mother I don't
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00852-00561647-00562037 understand we have to be a little bit more firm than say then well you know
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00853-00562037-00562640 well you're right I think you have to consider that their young children and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00854-00562640-00563198 their more may be less susceptible than fetus but they're more susceptible than
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00855-00563198-00563762 adults how do you make that point with some clarity can we make that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00856-00563762-00564380 quantitative yeah and I don't know because I think the data are limited it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00857-00564380-00565072 may be you know maybe it's something you apply safety factor to I don't know
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00858-00565094-00565828 there's a recent paper by Richard chops group they looked at the effect of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00859-00565828-00566501 suppression of Antron synthesis in the what's I called male programming window
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00860-00566501-00567089 but also then were able to lucid eight that for proper growth and development
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00861-00567089-00567821 of external genitalia in these words under an action after birth is necessary
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00862-00567821-00568592 as well so if you compromise under an action after birth it definitely doesn't
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00863-00568592-00569090 get better as a does a nice paper published in International Journal of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00864-00569090-00569597 oncology the same volume well yeah I noticed there so actually I guess there
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00865-00569597-00569882 are they I don't know if they're reviews but there's a lot of stuff in that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00866-00569882-00570911 particular issue yeah so maybe that would help us interpret this issue is is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00867-00570911-00571582 my sense correct Mike that we're more data rich when we're talking about
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00868-00571582-00572069 developmental reproductive endpoints definitely then we were
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00869-00572069-00572580 talking about postnatal right yeah so I you know this our strategy might be then
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00870-00572580-00573317 to use you know the more data rich endpoints and then hopefully at some
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00871-00573317-00573788 point be able to do some extrapolations to two children and add
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00872-00573788-00574415 and adults where the sensitivity is D we know it's decreased well I think this is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00873-00574415-00574892 the time for us to be complete and not to have to revisit these things later on
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00874-00574892-00575351 when we think we've done the job only to find out that we have to now go back and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00875-00575351-00575705 look at something else so if we can eliminate some things now Paul I think
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00876-00575705-00576224 your question is a good reminder yeah because if you look at the next category
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00877-00576224-00576584 now in this progression from developmental effects to the adolescent
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00878-00576584-00577016 effects now to the adult effects I think the question I would have of what we've
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00879-00577016-00577769 seen from the adult exposure data would be the question for example is there a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00880-00577769-00578538 risk of cancer when neonates are exposed and you get liver liver cancer as adults
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00881-00578538-00579317 they're not going to get liver cancer as as young children or infants but are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00882-00579317-00579809 there changes in the liver that predisposed them to liver cancer later
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00883-00579809-00580380 on yeah I don't think anyone knows no I don't think there's any information on
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00884-00580380-00581130 that but again it's questionable whether the mode of action is relevant to humans
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00885-00581130-00581355 that's correct so there are there's a lot of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00886-00581355-00582040 uncertainty there that keeps this as a low priority concern yeah I think so but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00887-00582040-00582974 the question that that I'll come back to is if I'm going to consider exposure as
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00888-00582974-00584136 an issue or you know the young child growing up with these toys and personal
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00889-00584136-00584751 care products we're gonna need something to link to I mean obviously you know
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00890-00584751-00585507 what you said then if we can get some information that helps us with the male
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00891-00585507-00585998 programming that would be important because I think we that that alone is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00892-00585998-00586436 going to have to be the one single thing that's going to make the difference as
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00893-00586436-00587016 to how much uncertainty we start with because otherwise
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00894-00587016-00587830 it's gonna be rather difficult to make quantitative assessments one of the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00895-00587830-00588192 things that fellow Mike and I were talking about at the break
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00896-00588192-00588778 he was our need to be very articulate in identifying the assumptions that we make
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00897-00588778-00589182 right because that I think will be as important as anything else that we would
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00898-00589182-00589539 have in a final document is what assumptions did we make as we try to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00899-00589539-00590094 determine what the risks were and if we're going to come down with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00900-00590094-00590686 recommendations on restricting uses it certainly has to be a there has to be a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00901-00590686-00591001 clear identification of the assumptions that we made in arriving at the numbers
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00902-00591001-00591693 that we arrive at to make that conclusion are there any other
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00903-00591693-00592317 considerations from the adult exposures that direct us toward a potential risk
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00904-00592317-00593634 consideration for children well from the I mean chronic studies target the liver
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00905-00593634-00594126 and kidney among other things right it's not just tumors but other right a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00906-00594126-00595609 chronic toxicity there there are also we should consider I think reproductive
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00907-00595609-00596669 effects in adults and just as an example the the slide that's up here right now
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00908-00596741-00598059 it sums up what the CER HR has said about this set of chemicals or I guess
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00909-00598059-00598578 all the chemicals that they reviewed I mean it covers developmental and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00910-00598578-00599228 reproductive but there are reproductive effects too in you know to Jen studies
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00911-00599228-00599642 it's not all developmental
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00912-00600077-00601301 for example well let's see I could find a high concern I guess that the most
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00913-00601301-00602525 serious ones are developmental and the reproductive effects seen in adults are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00914-00602525-00603589 the same mechanism for males yes fimA females I'm not so sure
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00915-00604799-00605294 yes yeah I I think some of the questions you're answering I think Paul Foster
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00916-00605294-00605765 would really be you know the one that would be able to to answer some of these
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00917-00605765-00606199 because I know we're thinking too about you know who to to bring it here in July
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00918-00606199-00606930 no specific questions about how the mechanism may differ in Euro versus
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00919-00606930-00607430 adult I know some of the data you know I'm not as familiar with the laboratory
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00920-00607430-00608211 animal data so I know there are differences and I think Paul foster
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00921-00608211-00608846 would really be able to help us through that definitely yeah he'd be the best
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00922-00608846-00609623 person to answer a lot of these questions okay that's a good thing to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00923-00609623-00609938 put on the side mooing pick that up when we have the discussion yesterday about
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00924-00609938-00610659 the questions and the people thanks for us yeah yeah he I think he
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00925-00610659-00611240 would have be helpful to confirm our suspicions that the critical effects are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00926-00611240-00612134 reproductive and the critical life stage in utero fetal exposures
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00927-00612176-00612813 he will also like Russ said be able to tell us something about other concerns
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00928-00612813-00613526 and I'm wondering bringing in someone we need probably someone who will dispel
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00929-00613526-00614351 our concerns or the niggling doubts we have about carcinogenicity we I think
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00930-00614351-00615248 all feel that this is off of limited relevance but maybe we should have this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00931-00615248-00615915 confirmed by an expert confirmed are otherwise I'm thinking of who would be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00932-00615915-00616538 suitable Geoffrey Peters oh he would be fantastic if we can coax coax him down
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00933-00616538-00617136 here I think he'd be willing that for a day
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00934-00617136-00618063 I missed who you said Geoffrey Peters is that Penn State he was on the last
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00935-00618063-00619095 chap and he's an expert in the PPAR receptors hey that's another good thing
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00936-00619095-00619887 Phil to add to that list yeah because they're you know just so many questions
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00937-00619887-00620877 that come up you you know the developmental effects he jeffrey peters
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00938-00620877-00621536 did have had a paper where in the PPA our alpha know mice they looked at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00939-00621536-00622092 treated on with de HP and there were developmental effects even without the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00940-00622092-00622758 PPA our alpha so but these were the garden-variety developmental they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00941-00622758-00623583 weren't the late gestation the anti androgenic ones so you know we you'll
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00942-00623583-00624263 always wonder just all these questions keep popping up and yeah he's the heat
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00943-00624263-00624891 would be able to answer all of those is that because they didn't look well at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00944-00624891-00625302 that time exposures leighton right at the time they didn't didn't look at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00945-00625302-00625839 exposures they didn't look although i mean they didn't do the experiment but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00946-00625839-00626819 the structure-activity relationships are such that they don't correspond to the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00947-00626819-00627524 induction of that pathway so these are all i mean there are a lot of nuances
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00948-00627524-00628020 but even if they're it's not uncommon in these developmental talk studies in the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00949-00628020-00628398 standard designed to see decreased fetal body weight and even if that wasn't
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00950-00628398-00628865 mediated by an into androgenic mechanism it's still important oh absolutely it in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00951-00628865-00629610 there are plenty of those effects yeah okay so we've talked about the male and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00952-00629610-00629913 female developmental effects in the adolescents and the adults and we have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00953-00629913-00630603 questions but perhaps we have looked at the horizon enough in in this regard to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00954-00630603-00631094 know that we have an order of priority in terms of the knee
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00955-00631094-00631563 for the response and therefore the target organ and it happens to correlate
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00956-00631563-00632132 also with sensitivity one question to come back to the male developmental
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00957-00632132-00632778 effects since the the effects of concern are mediated through this hormonal
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00958-00632778-00633236 effect is it enough for us to look at the hormonal effect at the hormone
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00959-00633236-00633761 changes and say that everything else biologically is downstream from this so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00960-00633761-00634413 we don't have to look at each one of these end points under the under the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00961-00634413-00634928 testosterone effect individually is it sufficient for us just to look at well
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00962-00634928-00635376 you mentioned a 10% decrease it could be done that way or there could be other
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00963-00635376-00636059 ways to say here's the threshold for it effect on anti-angiogenic effects I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00964-00636059-00636521 would welcome your thoughts on that because that really gets at the except
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00965-00636521-00636863 how we're gonna do acceptable risk what Gregg what are we going to assess
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00966-00636863-00637419 dosterone production or yeah AG is that it's a little harder you know with the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00967-00637419-00637961 problem with testosterone is what's the level that is is adverse and I don't
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00968-00637961-00638715 know I said 10% as a hypothetical I have no idea what Witter should be but that's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00969-00638715-00639215 a judgment that that's probably very difficult to judge but but what is clear
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00970-00639215-00639749 from the data that are published is that for phthalates the suppression of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00971-00639749-00640192 testosterone fetal testosterone synthesis is the most sensitive endpoint
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00972-00640192-00640680 so if you base everything on that you protect against a lot of the other
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00973-00640680-00641246 effects but again we can ask Paul foster for confirmation there but I think as
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00974-00641246-00641715 far as I know the literature and judge it that's the case all right
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00975-00641715-00642344 for all other chemicals the most sensitive one is nipple retention and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00976-00642344-00642851 with solids you're getting pretty close there too
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00977-00643059-00643636 so if you regard nipple retention in the rat model is indicative of disturbance
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00978-00643636-00644077 of and reduction in fetal life now there's an argument among some
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00979-00644077-00644784 toxicologist to helpfully point out that this effect is not of relevance to the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00980-00644784-00645546 human but that's an argument to be had I mean that's that's the question here
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00981-00645546-00646296 just where do you draw the line yeah if you accept that we can't
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00982-00646296-00646756 I mean rats are different from humans thankfully in many ways so we are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00983-00646756-00647329 different from them if you now take the stance that we're dealing with a model
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00984-00647329-00647701 anyway and this is a model for disturbance of and reduction in fetal
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00985-00647701-00648319 life I think one can get around this problem and the rat that is indicative
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00986-00648319-00649069 of disturbance let's let's use that and extrapolate to the human although this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00987-00649069-00649753 plays out in a different way in the human female self it will help me to see
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00988-00649753-00650479 the dose responses together like this level of testosterone reduction causes
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00989-00650479-00651396 this level of nipple retention and so on that might help me sort it out but but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00990-00651396-00651871 just to conclude I think what you're also driving at this other issue there
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00991-00651871-00652507 is you have with a lights a certain effect spectrum typical off of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00992-00652507-00653109 disruption of interaction and that differs in some respects with the effect
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00993-00653109-00653617 spectrum which we you get from under and receptor antagonists they are distinct
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00994-00653617-00654123 in certain for example flu tomato and of inclusively and will not lead to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00995-00654123-00654646 reductions in testosterone synthesis but there's a there's a commonality there's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00996-00654646-00655180 an overlap of the effect seen with the lights in the rat and seen with under
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00997-00655180-00655794 and receptor antagonist so one could say we could go for the most sensitive
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00998-00655794-00656254 common effect of all these chemicals which I guess would be nipple returned
fnfbQPjwdqQ-00999-00656254-00656794 the alternative would be to sign we've played this through in the paper which I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01000-00656794-00657370 showed you this morning we've said right we go for for the most sensitive end
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01001-00657370-00658132 point regardless we weren't looking for common effects or an overlap but that's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01002-00658132-00658749 open for debate really my feeling is that this is a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01003-00658749-00659212 considering all the other uncertainties we have to deal with that's the least of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01004-00659212-00659821 my worries I think if we go there and really begin to wax lyrical about this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01005-00659821-00660720 we're going to guild Lily's dog eyes and cross T's rather than address the real
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01006-00661023-00661603 that's helpful and like I think what you said is is helpful as well in that we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01007-00661603-00662200 need to know the dose response here we need to know whether the anti antigenic
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01008-00662200-00662745 effect the dose response for that predicts these other downstream markers
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01009-00662745-00663220 and if they don't then we have to look at those we have looked at hypospadias
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01010-00663220-00663640 we have to look at nipple retention we have to look at others separately in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01011-00663640-00664123 addition to the effect on to the anti-angiogenic effect if in fact you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01012-00664123-00664627 can't look at a dose response curve for the anti androgenic response in the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01013-00664627-00665134 animal and predict that yes this is where we would see nipple retention this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01014-00665134-00665677 is where we would see Apple speediest hey I mean they think that's true that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01015-00665677-00666205 it they follow but we need to had a spinner actually your old gray might be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01016-00666205-00666730 the best person to ask about that and we may want to get into this discussion a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01017-00666730-00667048 little bit more on when we talk about acceptable risk yeah because that's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01018-00667048-00667477 where it becomes extremely critical I just went were just trying to identify
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01019-00667477-00668203 what are the endpoints that we're going to focus on um maybe we've mean for now
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01020-00668203-00668605 maybe we've had enough of that discussion and we could proceed to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01021-00668605-00669085 thinking about you know we have a list now of endpoints and responses that we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01022-00669085-00669601 would wish to use as the model and if we use these somebody else isn't going to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01023-00669601-00669842 come and say well they've failed to include a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01024-00669842-00670466 very important toxicological is one I mean the problem is yeah I mean the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01025-00670466-00670961 problem is it's in I of the beholder and you will you know if you look
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01026-00670961-00671761 through the scour the literature you will find an occasional tumor site
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01027-00671761-00672650 parathyroid or you know the couple of studies about trying to link the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01028-00672650-00673238 phthalate exposure to asthma but it's only I mean it's not it's a it's not a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01029-00673238-00673883 strong link they're not strong links and they're sporadic I mean you see it with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01030-00673883-00674462 one or two phthalates I'm just trying to be the devil's advocate and you know
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01031-00674462-00675188 there's something for everybody in there but I they're just not consistent and I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01032-00675188-00675971 don't I don't see how you know that would be important to include in in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01033-00675971-00676430 something where you're looking at total phthalates and I think you know to cover
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01034-00676430-00677102 ourselves if we need to do that in in the introduction or or someplace you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01035-00677102-00678056 list all of the known adverse outcomes and then proceed to say for the effects
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01036-00678056-00678485 of phthalates on parathyroid tumors there's you know not enough information
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01037-00678485-00679001 for us to really go through an acceptable risk analysis for for that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01038-00679001-00679649 endpoint and do it that way then we've we've covered our bases and and given it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01039-00679649-00680210 made it transparent what it wide what is recovering and why I think we can do
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01040-00680210-00680738 that but I think it might also be reasonable for us to now summarize in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01041-00680738-00681325 writing this list of endpoints that we think are most important for determining
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01042-00681325-00682334 acceptable risk and we can ask that of the Jeffrey Peters and Paul Auster and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01043-00682334-00682678 others who might come in and ask if they disagree with that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01044-00682678-00683140 I think that's a fair evaluation a fair opinion to seek from them and if they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01045-00683140-00683674 say oh you you really missed this one well then we need to consider that can I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01046-00683674-00684184 suggest to maybe also include our grain that because he's equally expert with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01047-00684184-00684703 his yes as Paul I would in class i would include him sure plus has knowledge of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01048-00684703-00685291 mixture effects as maybe we should invite the whole combo it's gonna be fun
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01049-00685291-00685795 yeah there's always a risk that we want to invite somebody who will be insulted
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01050-00685795-00686314 because they weren't invited but nonetheless there's you as a group have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01051-00686314-00686872 a good feel for who are the greatest contributor I mean if I had a pic you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01052-00686872-00688119 know three people to invite it it would be those three so yeah however still
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01053-00688119-00688837 taking into the consideration the task of this committee here and screening the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01054-00688837-00689293 last let's say two years of literature regard in regard of epidemiological
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01055-00689293-00690112 evidence I see publications on the late exposure with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01056-00690112-00690531 less male typical behavior in young boys
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01057-00690540-00691407 attention deficit or hyperactivity disorders obesity insulin resistance and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01058-00691407-00692188 so on I'm not saying anything about the quality and reliability of the papers
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01059-00692188-00692809 and the data but still I would like to have it checked and at least discussed I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01060-00692809-00693442 think it would be a shortcoming not to look into it that's what I was trying to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01061-00693442-00693901 get at in terms of I think somewhere we have to have a list a table here all the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01062-00693901-00694267 adverse effects that have been reported and we're not making a judgment about
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01063-00694267-00694831 quality of data or conclusions you're right I think that's absolutely
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01064-00694831-00695632 necessary but also from the standpoint that we have we don't want to be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01065-00695632-00696085 criticized by the epidemiology community for looking only at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01066-00696085-00696819 or rat data so I think in in order for us to not be criticized in terms of whom
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01067-00696819-00697354 we bring in in July to advise us on their thoughts about this we should have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01068-00697354-00697855 included an epidemiologist or two if there are such people who can advise us
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01069-00697855-00698344 broadly on what the epidemiology literature say beyond me in addition to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01070-00698344-00698953 what we can get Russ yeah I mean I agree I can do that I mean I'm familiar with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01071-00698953-00699321 those studies of actually giving talk next week and that includes it's the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01072-00699321-00699996 Stephanie angle study and the aggressive behavior and then Shana swans paper on
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01073-00699996-00700596 the play behavior and there's there's probably four or five so I am very
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01074-00700596-00700948 familiar with them I could you know put something together for July but we can
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01075-00700948-00701560 also consider potentially bringing in some of the authors if if we want but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01076-00701560-00702048 it's an individual for each of those four or five papers yeah I mean that's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01077-00702048-00702886 that was a big consideration in in assembling the chap and you know we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01078-00702886-00703435 wanted to cover the reproductive or developmental toxicity and make sure we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01079-00703435-00703969 cover it up at D me ology and if we could have had more people we would have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01080-00703969-00704775 had more epidemiologists but that's definitely something we can't overlook
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01081-00704775-00705205 then I think we should make a decision here do we want to invite an
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01082-00705205-00705564 epidemiologist or do we want to rely on Russ
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01083-00705564-00706126 giving us a summary of I know that we will get good information and help from
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01084-00706126-00706378 rust well what I'm addressing is what the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01085-00706378-00706876 image images I was going to say that we have two to have two issues in terms of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01086-00706876-00707278 the interpretation which I feel comfortable doing but also in terms of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01087-00707278-00707863 the balance and the image right of also hearing from epidemiology we could in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01088-00707863-00708496 invite Shana Swan or is there someone else you might suggest there's a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01089-00708496-00708916 Stephanie angle from Mount Sinai that yeah it's probably the paper you're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01090-00708916-00709480 referring to Holger yeah she works with Mary wolf who's also on
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01091-00709480-00710491 the NRC report but I think Stephanie would be would be good was there other
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01092-00710491-00711298 papers ogre that you you saw it was it's it's at least reference to one two three
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01093-00711298-00711964 four six or seven papers right now which came up in the last couple of months so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01094-00711964-00712468 I wouldn't restrict you to Stephanie angle I'm not sure maybe we should
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01095-00712468-00712792 discuss it in more detail later on right well she she would really just be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01096-00712792-00713263 familiar with that single PM or if the main yeah yeah and I have concerns too
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01097-00713263-00713734 with the way they group the phthalates by molecular weight and you know but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01098-00713734-00714697 that's beyond today's discussion so anyone who more of an overview of the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01099-00714697-00715624 EPI field with respect to what we're interested in I'd ask in a real grade
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01100-00715624-00716485 like I'm a swan would have probably have more of overview okay I'd be similar to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01101-00716485-00717288 my overview but I think for balancing the presentations and you know the other
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01102-00717288-00717919 I'm just trying to think if we invite these people in and invite testimony
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01103-00717919-00718375 from the public there's gonna be so we may need a you know well if it ends up
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01104-00718375-00719497 being a day and a half a testimony then that's that's okay I think and I think
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01105-00719497-00719893 Bernie you were going there too that we should formulate questions for the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01106-00719893-00720412 people coming in so they have time to prepare but this was like a question
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01107-00720412-00721125 like you know what what percent change in testosterone would be associated with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01108-00721125-00721957 X fold increased risk of hypospadias in in that study or report catism right and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01109-00721957-00722500 I would just an example yes and I would hope also that by giving them
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01110-00722500-00723142 a lead time that they would come prepared expressed to express the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01111-00723142-00723685 opinions of their colleagues as well and that we don't hear just somebody
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01112-00723685-00724162 reiterating what they've already said in their publications yeah there you have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01113-00724162-00724582 to be tactful to get that across well without insulting them but they're not
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01114-00724582-00725071 just presenting their their research I mean right we have a specific question
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01115-00725071-00725548 yeah or question set of questions and we want their opinion but we also want what
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01116-00725548-00725887 their colleagues would say because they're representing their colleagues as
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01117-00725887-00726928 well want the state of the art so feel maybe that maybe we've taken this as far
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01118-00726928-00727447 as we need to at this moment if you're ready to step off into the other
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01119-00727447-00727933 discussion well I'm wondering in terms of now questions for these individuals
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01120-00727933-00728656 should we leave it at all of us will will submit questions after we review
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01121-00728656-00729106 whatever lurch we wish to do to Mike who will then convey them to these
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01122-00729106-00729526 individuals that we're inviting is that the strategy I think we would benefit
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01123-00729526-00729946 from some more discussion today because hearing the opinions of others is very
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01124-00729946-00730683 helpful at least to me you mean in terms of formulating the questions
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01125-00730683-00731106 well not wordsmithing but at least you know what kinds of questions do we want
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01126-00731106-00731722 to have them be prepared for and then we can wordsmith it and it I'll help you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01127-00731722-00732421 with that Phil yeah we will also just add to it too because you want to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01128-00732421-00732772 proceed developing question is ideas for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01129-00732772-00733165 questions for these individuals that we're going to invite I think today we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01130-00733165-00733504 need to have a discussion of what kinds of information do we want to have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01131-00733504-00734113 brought to us and then who can bring that kind of information and then a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01132-00734113-00734593 third approach would be what are the questions that we specifically want to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01133-00734593-00735696 in to ask of Paul Foster's and Jeffery and Earl others and also as we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01134-00735888-00736467 in terms of the public testimony I mean we're inviting testimony from the public
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01135-00736467-00737301 we could spell out the questions we have if you know like about product uses or
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01136-00737301-00737878 unpublished data whatever it is you know we could pose a list of questions and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01137-00737878-00738348 say this is what we want here we might not get it but that's usually what we do
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01138-00738348-00739278 yeah yeah well let's proceed how do you want to which do you want to go back to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01139-00739278-00739970 the discussion of what do we mean by acceptable risk and and develop
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01140-00739970-00740622 questions than that Verena wherever you want to go next yeah that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01141-00740622-00740934 probably would be beneficial to do that first because that that may then
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01142-00740934-00741478 generate questions that we want to provide to these individuals who are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01143-00741478-00742251 going to come and also to the public to do which to is just to go to the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01144-00742251-00743112 discussion of what we mean by acceptable risk you want me to follow that are you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01145-00743112-00743721 going to no go ahead wants to jump in on that well I think it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01146-00743721-00744505 would be real easy for us to reinvent the wheel here and for someone for some
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01147-00744505-00745071 of you who have been involved in these discussions before at the NRC or other
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01148-00745071-00745576 places where you have have already had this discussion will you please start
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01149-00745576-00746145 this discussion for us and then we can modulate it as we go and add to add to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01150-00746145-00746499 it as we go but for those of you who have already done this would you please
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01151-00746499-00748518 start us I think if I remember right from our discussions we started off I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01152-00748518-00748992 think talking about the multiple but potential end points I mean I think we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01153-00748992-00749557 did have a little bit of discussion on on cancer hepatic etc and I know Paul
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01154-00749557-00750270 and Kevin contributed a lot there and so I think we started off very broad but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01155-00750270-00751007 then we I think relatively quickly narrowed down to the anti-angiogenic
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01156-00751007-00751698 testosterone effects and if I remember right I don't think we spent you know a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01157-00751698-00752085 lot of time on the other end points and I think part of it was you know maybe
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01158-00752085-00752970 the data but also the sensitivity of the response to low-dose I mean so my
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01159-00752970-00753369 question would be if you've already narrowed it down when you went to the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01160-00753369-00753912 NRC what is it that we're gonna get that's new from these three highly
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01161-00753912-00754572 qualified people the question I have is where what kind of questions are we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01162-00754572-00754957 gonna ask them we're gonna repeat to say the question of what are the most
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01163-00754957-00755493 important effects of concern or what are the new data that can help us reduce the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01164-00755493-00755985 uncertainty about this this particular suite of effects and have we learned
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01165-00755985-00756345 something that puts something else on the table and that would be my quest
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01166-00756345-00756805 this is the second part of your statement that it would be really trying
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01167-00756805-00757323 to you know new data it hasn't been that long but there probably is some and then
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01168-00757323-00757724 I think there there are thoughts about some of the questions related really to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01169-00757724-00758209 developmental reproductive effects rather than you know I think we can
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01170-00758209-00758619 relatively quickly narrow it down but then I also think bringing in Peter
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01171-00758619-00759132 Jeffrey's and in terms of making sure that you know the hepatic and the liver
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01172-00759132-00760023 cancer is something that we should not pursue before we confirm that decision -
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01173-00760023-00760845 that I think I think the the aim to invite those is not really to generate
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01174-00760845-00761399 new information we can do we can retweet and all of us read but I think it is to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01175-00761399-00762186 remove doubts that might linger about a special take which we have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01176-00762186-00762717 already of the situation we all think that developmentally reproductive
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01177-00762717-00763404 effects are the critical ones and we think that cancer is probably not not so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01178-00763404-00763995 urgent but that's my interpretation of the literature and others probably do
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01179-00763995-00764784 the same but I would like to have this view confirmed by the experts so only
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01180-00764784-00765441 that it's it's rather than emphasis on new data we can all read them it's it's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01181-00765441-00766092 sort of matters relating to judging uncertainties etc etc so if you're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01182-00766092-00766770 focusing a reproductive my question would be to them is is there enough
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01183-00766770-00767454 information to link or at least suggest the linkage between the reproductive
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01184-00767454-00768381 effects and the effects that occur in a young child after birth but that's very
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01185-00768381-00768879 difficult at that question they will not be able to answer no one no one can with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01186-00768879-00769260 certainty at the moment but can you least sheds because that's gonna be a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01187-00769260-00769887 critical question that we're gonna have to grapple with mmm I would love to hear
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01188-00769887-00770376 a discussion to me is because it's gonna be the toughest question we have a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01189-00770376-00770913 critical discussion as to whether or not that those links can be made what degree
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01190-00770913-00771561 of uncertainty and you know what pitfalls will there be in trying to make
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01191-00771561-00772068 those links because you know I think if you're gonna have three highly qualified
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01192-00772068-00772680 people coming in they're gonna have if they're gonna help us with this task to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01193-00772680-00773349 me those are the Questacon Dove questions I'd like to see answered if to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01194-00773349-00773928 whatever degree possible you know yeah I mean I agree I think they they're good
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01195-00773928-00774408 questions that we should strive for answers to but I don't think yeah you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01196-00774408-00774929 know but I I think within their respective fields they can give us
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01197-00774929-00775482 perspectives of the animal and the human and then you know discussing lengths but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01198-00775482-00775893 I also think you know and Reggie was saying you know the new data we could
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01199-00775893-00776415 read but there's also there was talk about nieh s putting thirty million
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01200-00776415-00776937 dollars towards do thali research so be interesting to know what where they're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01201-00776937-00777480 going with that I mean is so so potentially you know the new data if
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01202-00777480-00777834 it's published we can read it but there are kind of new directions or thoughts
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01203-00777834-00778335 that you know Earl and Paul can provide in terms of you know what next what are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01204-00778335-00778962 the next steps the data may not be ready for for our conclusions but I think it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01205-00778962-00779412 will help inform us you know if they let us know where they're going it lets us
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01206-00779412-00779858 know you know where some of the gaps are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01207-00780023-00780771 because this acceptable risk question is something that you know I've been
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01208-00780771-00781077 involved in those discussions many times but I must have better I don't listen
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01209-00781077-00781803 real hard because there isn't something that I've had to do from day to day help
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01210-00781803-00782517 so help me understand if if we say that we've arrived at a decision that a risk
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01211-00782517-00783156 is acceptable or not acceptable for a chemical for certain age children for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01212-00783156-00783996 certain endpoints is this a bright line kind of a decision or is it like we make
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01213-00783996-00784431 for drugs and foods and other things where there's a margin of safety that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01214-00784431-00785217 you consider or is it based what what numbers do you feed into that last volt
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01215-00785217-00786117 when you make a decision of yes it's acceptable or not can i I well I'm aware
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01216-00786117-00786495 of those discussions in in the cancer arena where what is what is an
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01217-00786495-00786921 acceptable risk one in 1 million or something like that but that question
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01218-00786921-00787575 doesn't shape up like in this way in this particular arena the discussion
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01219-00787575-00788034 there is rather what what is an acceptable or unacceptable exposure and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01220-00788034-00788449 that's that's resolved by making those come
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01221-00788449-00789136 since between points of departure say from relevant animal models and human
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01222-00789136-00789788 exposures and then judging margins of safety or etcetera etcetera but it's as
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01223-00789788-00790453 far as I'm aware not answerable in the sense that's done in the concert arena 1
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01224-00790453-00791397 in 1 million etc so we would have to rely on those our intake comparisons ok
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01225-00791397-00791998 for these end points that we've talked about the developmental end points we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01226-00791998-00792580 would know no effect levels or we would we that's one thing that we would nail
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01227-00792580-00793346 down from the animal studies so then to create a ratio and a number what what is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01228-00793346-00793930 the exposure data that we need to have because eventually our recommendation is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01229-00793930-00794644 going to be that the level at which these phthalates are found in products
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01230-00794644-00795053 that children are exposed to is either acceptable it's either above them or not
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01231-00795053-00795613 above both a threshold that we decide yeah so we're going to recommend either
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01232-00795613-00796261 to lower it or leave it alone odd then what numbers do you put in that ratio
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01233-00796261-00797107 for us to say okay it's okay or it's not okay it if the no effect level in in an
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01234-00797107-00797692 animal model is one of those two numbers what's the other one the other man Bob
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01235-00797692-00798563 on would be in take human in take kids adults pregnant women whatever well it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01236-00798563-00799201 would be if you know it's in no effective level is and you have an idea
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01237-00799201-00799915 what the intake is from the products were concerned with remember not totally
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01238-00799915-00800663 do are they within reach of one another are they three orders of magnitude
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01239-00800663-00801044 difference that will allow us to determine whether or not there's some
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01240-00801044-00801659 margin of safety we may have to apply to some number to say that this is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01241-00801659-00802340 and does the way in which we use this product today provide enough margin of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01242-00802340-00802890 safety for that intake to ensure that we're well below in no effect level I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01243-00802890-00803559 mean that's the logic I would use okay can I just sorry Paul remind all of us
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01244-00803559-00804225 that we also according to the charge have to consider intake from all other
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01245-00804225-00804786 sources so not only from from those toys I'm sorry man terms of banning a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01246-00804786-00805211 particular tie we have to look at it relatives everything else and if it's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01247-00805211-00805619 minuscule compared to everything else which is what the only thing you can do
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01248-00805619-00806307 then you may or may not want to change the number right now or desire banning
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01249-00806307-00806775 it yeah I mean the question is when we talk about that everything else how
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01250-00806775-00807276 details does that have to be is biomonitoring good enough because that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01251-00807276-00807759 gives total exposure and like Paul said you estimate exposure from the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01252-00807759-00808329 children's products compare that to the total exposure or combined in a communal
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01253-00808329-00809059 into risk assessment and so on I don't know that we necessarily have to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01254-00809059-00809613 articulate all the what all the other exposures are like so much from food so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01255-00809613-00810092 much from cosmetics I mean we can but we it would be nice we don't necessarily
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01256-00810092-00810692 have to do that I think it says very clearly in the charts that we do yeah
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01257-00810692-00811380 well we said we have to can consider all sources of exposure that's right we have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01258-00811380-00812015 to do that we have to we have to quantitative to the to the best again go
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01259-00812015-00812475 at it number six we have to quantify to the best of our ability so that when we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01260-00812475-00813123 make this determination that either these products are or not a significant
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01261-00813123-00813857 proportion of the intake that you know we have to consider that has to be a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01262-00813857-00814484 reality that we have to address and make decisions upon we just can't leave that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01263-00814484-00814844 well you know we know that there's a high intake from food whoa we have to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01264-00814844-00815345 really be able to provide some degree of number generation
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01265-00815345-00815831 plus uncertainty around those numbers and can do a comparative analysis of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01266-00815831-00816734 comparative risk with respect to what we suspect would be the intake from a toy
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01267-00816734-00817442 or personal products that include this material in a child's world there are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01268-00817442-00817916 several more specific things that I think we need to talk about one at a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01269-00817916-00818771 time and Paul one of the things that you raised was the proximity of the no
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01270-00818771-00819257 effect levels to the exposure mm-hmm usually we look at that from the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01271-00819257-00819629 standpoint of a margin of safety that's acceptable so is a thousandfold
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01272-00819629-00820208 difference from the noelle the the threshold of concern or is it 500 fold
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01273-00820208-00820724 or 10 fold or unity and what the there's there's so many different experiences
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01274-00820724-00821195 out there that people have had with these things that you can have a whole
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01275-00821195-00821657 range of numbers and you have I think we have to make our best judgment based
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01276-00821657-00822407 upon a number of factors including the source the frequency of use the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01277-00822407-00822937 likelihood that the note the levels may increase or decrease there the number of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01278-00822937-00823574 other alternative you know ways of getting it's really expert judgment at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01279-00823574-00823934 that point and we're gonna have to wait awhile to come to that but it's good
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01280-00823934-00824429 putting it on the table that I'm concerned about there is we're not in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01281-00824429-00824770 this discussion we're not pointing out the fact that for one chemical it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01282-00824770-00825092 depends on what the other chemicals are it's not just the no effect level for a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01283-00825092-00825527 single chemical I thought we have to have that in context two other things I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01284-00825527-00825983 thought we were talking about all the Val aids we are going to be considering
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01285-00825983-00826442 as a group not just one that light I wasn't thinking of one that light I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01286-00826442-00826837 think your point is that whether is this discussion related to one phthalates at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01287-00826837-00827474 a time no or is it the composite the integral I thought but except the way to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01288-00827474-00828055 get to that is to do them one or two think that you do them one at a time and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01289-00828055-00828549 combine them using you know or that's one way to do it oh
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01290-00828549-00829184 did you mean that when you discuss margins of exposure which normally don't
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01291-00829184-00829915 take combined two exposures into account do you mean that we have to increase the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01292-00829915-00830384 margin or make allowance for that possibly my do or maybe even play a game
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01293-00830384-00830755 of you know well what if these chemicals are at this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01294-00830755-00831076 level then what is that margin or whatever you know some kind of a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01295-00831076-00831559 sensitivity yeah that's there will be sensitivity analysis and I think that is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01296-00831559-00831973 a progression as we move forward but I think your point is right we can't lose
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01297-00831973-00832519 sight of the fact that this is a suite of valet to not one and right and when I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01298-00832519-00833023 felt comfortable with Andreas's you know presentation this morning is that we're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01299-00833023-00833503 not dealing with a complex degree of synergism it looks like linear attitude
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01300-00833503-00833986 additive 'ti has some degree of confidence in terms of demonstrating
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01301-00833986-00834580 effects in the animal so I don't feel uncomfortable right now I guess kind of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01302-00834580-00834970 what I'm looking for is whether there are precedents that have been set that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01303-00834970-00835816 say that a tenfold margin of exposure is the standard or 100 fold well for most
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01304-00835816-00836548 people for if it's based on animal data would say 104 if it's human dated Stan
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01305-00836548-00837037 if it's children you know if you're worried about sensitive populations some
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01306-00837037-00837919 people might me what like a little more yeah up it a little bit but yeah 100 10
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01307-00837919-00838330 and 20 are the ones that I hear floated or I mean there's the sort of defaults
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01308-00838330-00839182 you know you could use what it you can set them at whatever you want but those
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01309-00839182-00839662 are the defaults I guess what I'm trying to anticipate Mike is whether we're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01310-00839662-00840061 going to go 99 percent of the way to making a decision
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01311-00840061-00840637 and the last percent we're going to be arguing no margin of 10 isn't enough it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01312-00840637-00840973 should be 15 yeah or should be 30 we might end up doing
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01313-00840973-00841308 that but then then it becomes a unique
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01314-00841308-00841698 judgment rule of this committee as opposed to a state-of-the-art kind of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01315-00841698-00842298 rule not not no pressure but one of the one of the points one of the Roman
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01316-00842298-00842874 numerals is to use all appropriate safety factors so you know to make sure
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01317-00842874-00843329 you I guess that means to make sure we're protecting sensitive populations
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01318-00843329-00843992 and that's one approach if you for example if you don't have data for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01319-00843992-00844647 juvenile males you take the adult data and add another safety factor I mean
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01320-00844647-00845568 that's one way to do that yes well or three years to summary whatever but if
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01321-00845568-00846159 you have a mechanism to say that a factor of 1.3 is scientifically
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01322-00846159-00846503 justified you can do that yeah but it doesn't happen very often
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01323-00846503-00847002 but the only thing I would add to that is to use these these considerations the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01324-00847002-00847560 appropriate approaches appropriately just use them because they're there and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01325-00847560-00848484 we keep adding on factors yeah we totally agree be comfortable in this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01326-00848484-00849578 committee with making those decisions or do we need other outside input well
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01327-00849578-00850050 there's a huge list of people who would like to add their names to those who get
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01328-00850050-00850677 to vote on this and we can't bring them all in and we can't entertain all of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01329-00850677-00851385 their biases and how to do this so I think that comes down to the comfort
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01330-00851385-00851837 that CPSC had pass in having selected this particular time
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01331-00851837-00852387 I mean we're put this way I'm comfortable with whatever the panel
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01332-00852387-00853665 decides okay so that that helps me having had this discussion to know that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01333-00853665-00854477 we're we're in a range of a margin of safety that you know 10 to 100
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01334-00854477-00855077 and maybe a mark more than 100 if it is need be and we can tailor that to the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01335-00855077-00855598 situation as we get there in the other question now that we've discovered
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01336-00855598-00856054 district frequency distributions and don't just look at point estimates now I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01337-00856054-00856562 mean it is that are no one can answer this do you apply it to the average
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01338-00856562-00856814 exposure do you play it to the upper bound
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01339-00856814-00857615 you know 95th percentile you know I think it's the answer might be to the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01340-00857615-00858224 meeting exposure but sometimes he use upper bound yeah you know 95th
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01341-00858224-00858656 percentile I mean that's where I think we should get some guidance from what I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01342-00858656-00859184 well well let me put it this way you know because I mean you brought this up
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01343-00859184-00859925 in the data you have a 95th percentile exposure is that person at the 95th
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01344-00859925-00860498 percentile every day or we just hit him on a bad day you know well that's the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01345-00860498-00860885 point I mean if we're gonna have somebody do some calculations of risk we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01346-00860885-00861299 have to make sure that I mean expose your profiles we're gonna have to make
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01347-00861299-00862001 sure we understand we we define the scenario form and define in such a way
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01348-00862001-00862604 that we can come up with a reasonable number yeah I think that's an important
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01349-00862604-00863018 point chronic exposure point exposures and I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01350-00863018-00863450 think in this context we might also have discussed the concept of the TDI chronic
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01351-00863450-00863957 exposure if it is relevant for the flights or if there is a single exposure
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01352-00863957-00864419 enough at a certain point in time during sexual differentiation so I think we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01353-00864419-00864974 might discuss this better a single exposure might be enough to set the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01354-00864974-00865568 damage and I think after the slides are Andreas is shown I think at least what
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01355-00865568-00866102 the red data shows there're certain windows of susceptibility but we might
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01356-00866102-00866864 have to take account of but I think or Paul might say something there's also a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01357-00866864-00867903 discussion area under the curve for concentration and just adding is kind of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01358-00867903-00868365 pharmacokinetic differences between rats and humans because I know in those
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01359-00868365-00868895 studies with the critical window it's a single dose but it is the half-life
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01360-00868895-00869897 similar or not and then how is it metabolized excedrin so any responses to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01361-00869897-00871260 that comment I don't know I suspect that in humans the window is broader no it's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01362-00871260-00871911 probably brought a critical window for exposure to the fetus yeah that's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01363-00871911-00872221 probably I guess it depends what you mean by broader I mean it probably
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01364-00872221-00872784 ranges in rats it's maybe a few days I'm not that familiar of two days in humans
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01365-00872784-00873268 that could be first trimester right longer and weeks but potentially a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01366-00873268-00873993 single point within that window may be just as relevant in a eight week window
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01367-00873993-00874601 as in a two-day window so that's good a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01368-00875276-00875967 couple of other points that I would like to have a little more discussion on and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01369-00875967-00876572 so what we've talked now about the animal data and no effect levels you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01370-00876572-00877484 raised the point Andreas I think earlier about uncertainty and what they're this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01371-00877484-00878175 could include the quality and quantity of data available and I think we have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01372-00878175-00878921 talked about endpoints where we're not looking at a single study and somebody's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01373-00878921-00879315 interpretation of a single study and the possibility that it's not even
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01374-00879315-00879870 repeatable we're looking at I think pretty solid endpoints here so I don't
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01375-00879870-00880362 think there's an uncertainty there maybe uncertainty about whether nipple
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01376-00880362-00880815 retention has an application to another species
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01377-00880815-00881365 but from the mechanistic standpoint if it's an anti-angiogenic effect it's an
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01378-00881365-00881776 anti-angiogenic effect that should predict other anti-angiogenic effects in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01379-00881776-00882298 another species where that hormonal activity is developmentally important so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01380-00882298-00882804 I'm not too worried about being able to defend that if we get into that corner
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01381-00882804-00883437 but from the exposure standpoint what is the quality of data and and that being
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01382-00883437-00883852 critical I'm expressing my lack of knowledge the quality and the quantity
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01383-00883852-00884314 of data for us to be able to know the exposure sufficient enough to match the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01384-00884314-00884845 quality of data for the biological response it's going to be hard we're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01385-00884845-00885391 gonna have a lot of uncertainties look we're going to and we're gonna have I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01386-00885391-00885895 think you and I are gonna have to sit down and think about what are the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01387-00885895-00886477 scenarios that are the most realistic and consider what what kind of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01388-00886477-00887128 distribution functions one can ascribe to them it is it's gonna be a challenge
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01389-00887128-00887689 it's gonna be a challenge and for little kids it's gonna even be tougher because
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01390-00887689-00888400 the data is sparse on activities for kids we mean you have this you have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01391-00888400-00888949 these simulations you have the the adult surveys I hate to say this but you know
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01392-00888949-00889501 memory of parents on what kids do is rather poor very poor we we've done
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01393-00889501-00889810 studies where we've had the parents felt questionnaires and we've done
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01394-00889810-00890316 videotaping sometimes we wonder where the parents were during the entire day
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01395-00890316-00891012 you know match up at all and it's it makes things a little bit cumbersome
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01396-00891012-00891802 when you're trying to deal with it but those problems aside we still can we can
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01397-00891802-00892306 still come up with some reasonably logical scenarios and it's a matter of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01398-00892306-00892864 in the end where you all think and that's when it always comes back to the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01399-00892864-00893617 toxicology is it the cumulative dose of all these low-level exposures is it the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01400-00893617-00894059 periodic freak see of the periodicity of frequent
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01401-00894059-00894770 infrequent or frequent high doses these are all considerations that we have to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01402-00894770-00895281 have you have to have to be able to come up with a meaningful exposure and those
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01403-00895281-00895860 are questions that I think we need to have answer because exposure is just not
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01404-00895860-00896480 a number it's a number with a biological response and a biological halftime
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01405-00896480-00896943 associated with somewhere well I think we're going to have to have a fairly
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01406-00896943-00898052 important section of a report on exposure taking into consideration about
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01407-00898052-00898680 sensitive periods of pregnancy and we're talking about chemicals that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01408-00898680-00899270 have that are rapidly absorbed and rapidly eliminated but they're stored in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01409-00899270-00900279 fact that that those two things drive some critical considerations for risk
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01410-00900279-00900942 and one that was made before is very important and often isn't they can into
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01411-00900942-00901380 giving it isn't given much consideration and that is that a single exposure at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01412-00901380-00902010 the critical time can be more important than a prolonged exposure that gives you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01413-00902010-00902415 the same area under the curve but may never reach a critical concentration to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01414-00902415-00903080 cause the effect so that is the kind of thing that we need to put in there as
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01415-00903080-00903480 statements of our understanding of how to reach a judgment about risk
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01416-00903480-00904070 assessment and that's for one endpoint it may be will be the peak exposures but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01417-00904070-00904485 for another endpoint that's correct would be the average one and also I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01418-00904485-00904974 think we need to be able to address the question are there any phthalates in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01419-00904974-00905600 this composite mixture that by themselves are of considerable concern
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01420-00905600-00906245 for risk and whether there are or not how much greater is the risk when you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01421-00906245-00906862 consider the community do they have Co exposures or are they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01422-00906862-00907639 different do we deal with them as a total exposure or we dealing with them
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01423-00907639-00908269 because they are unique in terms of the source that they can go on and be on
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01424-00908269-00908818 their own as a separate entity in this risk assessment but but if there are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01425-00908818-00909837 there are critical questions if if we come to a conclusion that the composite
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01426-00909861-00910456 exposure to phthalates is what is important that doesn't help the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01427-00910456-00910738 manufacturers no because their product doesn't happen
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01428-00910738-00911194 their product doesn't have that they have one or two phthalates and they will
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01429-00911194-00911461 back away from us and say well you're talking about a situation that isn't
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01430-00911461-00912046 ours fortunately as result wouldn't have to do anything when in fact that's why
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01431-00912046-00912448 we need to be able to address the individual phthalates and say yes or no
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01432-00912448-00913387 on them as well as the composite that's a good point not to lose because again
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01433-00913387-00914053 it goes back to you know we're looking at products products will have specific
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01434-00914053-00914425 phthalates we're not looking at one product that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01435-00914425-00914986 has every salad you know the differentiation of cumulative exposure
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01436-00914986-00915802 versus product in single valley exposures and complicates the the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01437-00915802-00916291 equation rather dramatically but it is the real world yeah so absolutely so we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01438-00916291-00916747 have to focus as well so first to ignore that would be a terrible mistake it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01439-00916747-00917323 would be a disaster Mike question of how we capture ideas I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01440-00917323-00917665 mean there are a lot of things that we'll talk about there occasionally is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01441-00917665-00918055 something that we would like to have put in the parking lot and save it to be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01442-00918055-00918508 able to identify the list of things that we put in the parking lot whenever we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01443-00918508-00918748 want to to make sure that we don't forget them
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01444-00918748-00919315 and that we have them in how can we do that I mean I'm trying to take good
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01445-00919315-00920175 notes and what the best thing to do might be for us to compare
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01446-00920175-00920877 by email after the meeting of what of action items or as things as you said
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01447-00920877-00921606 parking lot items I'll go through my notes and try to pick those things out
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01448-00921606-00922412 okay Andrea so you had a comment I'm trying to go back to your issue with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01449-00922412-00923118 uncertainty which i think is a very important one the way the way I see this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01450-00923118-00923864 going is as follows roughly I think we have to go through a process of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01451-00923864-00924410 quantification maybe quantifying the unquantifiable by starting with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01452-00924410-00924843 individual satellites and then putting it together maybe the hazard index
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01453-00924843-00925302 approach provides a suitable framework if we accept that that's what we would
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01454-00925302-00925983 have to do but then if we we must be careful in my opinion not to get too
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01455-00925983-00926585 hung up about numbers and taking them sort of as absolutes in view of all this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01456-00926585-00927039 uncertainty we that's I think the main issue one of the main issues we have to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01457-00927039-00927602 face or deal with at some point what are we going to do when we know there is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01458-00927602-00928373 exposure to chemicals that have that are potential in vivo antiandrogens when we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01459-00928373-00928948 know already they are active in in vitro assays we can never be sure absolutely
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01460-00928948-00929435 until they are tested but within the lifetime of our deliberations and this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01461-00929435-00930121 committee I don't see that this situation changes at all so we can
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01462-00930121-00930777 before we guilt the lilies with quantifying this force alight I think we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01463-00930777-00931359 have to be aware of these major sources of uncertainty and take this into
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01464-00931359-00932087 account by choosing better margins of exposure etc or maybe we should funnel
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01465-00932087-00932684 this into a qualitative question and at the end taking into account all
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01466-00932684-00933204 available evidence and on balance we have the opinion that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01467-00933204-00933752 exposure to silage should go down or not and if the answer to that question is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01468-00933752-00934456 yes then we then consider the charge in relation to proposed bans or whatever
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01469-00934456-00935010 but I don't think we should get too hung up about numbers and I don't think that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01470-00935010-00935520 the outcome of our deliberations will be will be a risk number or something like
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01471-00935520-00936066 this you see what I mean and you're you're saying that we should do weight
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01472-00936066-00936366 of evidence in terms of how we're going to make our judgments rather than
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01473-00936366-00936887 suppose I think that the data situation will force us into something like that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01474-00936887-00938493 we'll see and when we part part of the consideration I don't know where you put
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01475-00938493-00939233 this in a report is that as we talked about possibly the need to restrict the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01476-00939233-00939777 inclusion of a phthalates in a product we need to be cognizant of the fact that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01477-00939777-00940434 that will drive for replacement of often unknown we'll know less about the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01478-00940434-00940922 replacement chemical then we will about what's being taken out as a risk
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01479-00940922-00941409 consideration as well we need and it doesn't it doesn't mean that we should
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01480-00941409-00941804 do nothing it just means that we need to be aware that that will be a consequence
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01481-00941804-00942385 of our decision absolutely and have that in there someplace
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01482-00942524-00943043 I just wanted to when you said that to put something in the parking lot and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01483-00943043-00943652 that's about the alternatives because some of the XR all the experts were
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01484-00943652-00944093 thinking of bringing at least for the July meeting is are those that are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01485-00944093-00944489 familiar with alleys but in terms of the alternatives right because that's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01486-00944489-00944918 something we're going to have to yes look into so I don't know if now's the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01487-00944918-00945572 time to discuss it but just to put it a bookmark there so we we know to come
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01488-00945572-00946104 back to that from my experience in the chemical industry people for anyone for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01489-00946104-00946445 people from the major companies know what's going on and all the companies
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01490-00946445-00947010 and could express thinking about work how do we select alternatives and based
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01491-00947010-00947402 on what criteria and based on what kind of a database would a criteria what a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01492-00947402-00948077 alternative be accepted be considered and if perhaps we would want to ask
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01493-00948077-00948993 somebody to address our alternatives selected um one possibility would be Ted
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01494-00948993-00950162 to ask to solicit testimony from the companies certainly but they obviously
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01495-00950162-00950669 have internal thinking that they don't want to share with the public right but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01496-00950669-00951393 they can you know explain I'm sure there's a lot they can say yes in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01497-00951393-00951789 general and I think it would be a very good discussion to have but it would be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01498-00951789-00952597 good for us to hear that I'm not suggesting that we're coming close to a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01499-00952597-00953114 closure on this but one thing that I would want to find out if is if anybody
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01500-00953114-00953667 is quite uncomfortable with the philosophy that we have been talking
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01501-00953667-00954287 about as an approach to making this decision because if if somebody is quite
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01502-00954287-00954794 uncomfortable with this general approach it would be good to have some of that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01503-00954794-00955454 discussion now rather than on the day that we're trying to make a decision and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01504-00955454-00956177 I'm not asking to put anybody on the spot but oh I just want us to be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01505-00956177-00956814 cautious about not coming up with a number because that's gonna leave us
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01506-00956814-00957419 more confusion than anything else I mean we have to come up with a bright-line or
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01507-00957419-00957995 moderately bright line somewhere or else industry is gonna have a problem with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01508-00957995-00958539 dealing with it in terms of what's coming their pot product the the other
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01509-00958539-00958968 communities which are concerned will have a problem dealing with what do we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01510-00958968-00959481 mean by the certainty that we're ascribing to this it's we have to just
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01511-00959481-00959778 sit down and think hard I'm not asking for an answer
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01512-00959778-00960234 now I'm just saying that that as we go along these deliberations we have to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01513-00960234-00960819 really consider what it is we're gonna recommend and how what form we're gonna
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01514-00960819-00961362 put the recommendation in so that it's understandable to all those on each side
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01515-00961362-00962172 of the issue it's why I second that even if you know maybe that there are parts
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01516-00962172-00963062 of this where we can have numbers and other parts where we can okay can I just
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01517-00963062-00963828 you to look at this and is the report signs and decisions this is very helpful
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01518-00963828-00964437 to us Dave and I don't think we can afford falling falling back behind that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01519-00964437-00965103 standard and level of discussion and I sympathize if we can I'm the last to be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01520-00965103-00965679 against coming up with numbers but my prediction and my feeling is that we are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01521-00965679-00966095 not going to be able to do that and we have to deal with this in some otherwise
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01522-00966095-00966720 that's not to say we are going to be unable to come up with useful
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01523-00966720-00967212 recommendations I don't think that but they're probably not we have to brace
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01524-00967212-00967587 ourselves for the possibility that these are not going to be numbers necessarily
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01525-00967587-00968244 or maybe at the moment I would like a plea here to say let's keep this open
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01526-00968244-00968973 and let's keep suitably flexible before closing doors on certain thoughts yeah I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01527-00968973-00969477 think that's good I think all of us probably have been in these committee
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01528-00969477-00970037 situations where we're trying to avoid a bright line because people some people
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01529-00970037-00970428 don't like bright lines but if one alternative that is high medium and low
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01530-00970428-00970974 levels of concern well there are just as many people who find that useless to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01531-00970974-00971394 have some committee that understood what a low level of concern meant the day
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01532-00971394-00971898 that they talked about it but there is no way to explain to anybody else how
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01533-00971898-00972381 this translates to any other decisions so are there any alternates are there
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01534-00972381-00972777 any other ways to do this a way of a bright line and we have a high medium
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01535-00972777-00973060 and low level of concern is there any better way to do this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01536-00973060-00974359 those of you who have done more of this than I have either do i well then we're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01537-00974359-00974818 not going to lock us into one or the other what we're mindful of this this
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01538-00974818-00975606 leave our options open any investments I mean we we know it's not perfect and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01539-00975606-00976075 part of the problem is we know the limitations better than the audience
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01540-00976075-00977054 does but you know I just don't know of a better way to do it and in terms of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01541-00977054-00977673 justifying a recommendation if if the decision Dacian will be to take some
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01542-00977673-00978339 regulatory action you know some kind of quantification hazard index or something
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01543-00978339-00979104 even with the uncertainties is you know makes it a much stronger case so for
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01544-00979104-00979677 your purposes you don't want us to necessarily be satisfied with a high
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01545-00979677-00979986 medium or low level of concern you need more than that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01546-00979986-00980584 right yeah well I I would think so yes because we're not going to make a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01547-00980584-00981018 decision we're only going to make a recommendation true and you're the one
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01548-00981018-00981409 that has to tell you're going to make a decision to make a written no yes you're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01549-00981409-00981892 gonna make a recommendation in fact I will make a recommendation and the five
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01550-00981892-00982911 commissioners will make a decision and that decision obviously has to do with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01551-00982911-00983789 parts per million in a product ultimately or ultimately yes yeah
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01552-00984108-00984576 what other things would be good for us to discuss
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01553-00984576-00986052 today on this topic I mean I think after the meeting one of the things I could
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01554-00986052-00986691 draft something up for a federal an announcement of the next meeting and say
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01555-00986691-00987398 we're looking for testimony on these topics in share with the panel so you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01556-00987398-00987896 could mark it up or whatever I think that's something we would want to do as
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01557-00987896-00988656 soon as we can and then as far as questions for the speakers I've already
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01558-00988656-00989166 jotted a few things down and we can continue to expand that I'm assuming
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01559-00989166-00989546 that that's another part of this discussion that's going to follow so I'm
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01560-00989546-00990002 if I'm sounding that I'm coming to a closure on that I didn't mean to yeah
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01561-00990002-00990254 yeah
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01562-00990637-00991402 one thing we might want to ask EPA and they give presentation is what level of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01563-00991402-00992201 analysis they maybe I'll provide on these other sources of fallacies and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01564-00992201-00992879 includes food dust and other any food to have pathway inhalation pathway in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01565-00992879-00993426 dermal that since they are doing something it's important I think to get
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01566-00993426-00993945 an idea of where they are in the process what they can be able to provide us and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01567-00993945-00994343 at one point in our process we may be able to see something that we can use
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01568-00994343-00994767 effectively in terms of dealing with some of these issues yeah I'm not sure
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01569-00994767-00995412 exactly I'm I'm gonna meet with them in a couple in a week or two I'll see what
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01570-00995412-00995859 I can get about where they are in their process but there you know like us
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01571-00995859-00996516 they're in well ones who would be looking at exposure OPP T is in a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01572-00996516-00997085 regulatory mode so they might not be able to share share a lot of things I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01573-00997085-00997470 don't know but who's gonna be doing the analyses the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01574-00997470-00998212 well they got exposure says you've got fun or RTP well they've got for at least
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01575-00998212-00998692 four programs looking at phthalates right now IRA switches right just the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01576-00998692-00999292 risk of art that's not exposure Oh PPT is looking at potential regulations so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01577-00999292-00999720 they'll look at everything they're gonna look at the exposure assessment I think
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01578-00999720-01000309 clearly we need to have some information from them yeah and what they're going to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01579-01000309-01000806 be able to what they're doing what the level uncertainty their data is and how
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01580-01000806-01001308 that can be useful to us and the sooner we get that the better yeah well I have
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01581-01001308-01001796 a feeling they're saying the same thing right now that what they need to get all
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01582-01001796-01002477 the information they can from us and from the chap but we'll see we'll find
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01583-01002477-01003231 out Russ actually it was pretty much the same
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01584-01003231-01003627 thing Paul had said I guess we were having telepathy but I was just thinking
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01585-01003627-01004081 in terms of a book marker again for you know EPA as we're talking about
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01586-01004081-01004608 information that we may want to get and pretend potentially someone to visit us
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01587-01004608-01005106 you know visit with us in July so just to make sure that that was on our on our
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01588-01005106-01006197 list well we can we can ask someone from iris and or OPP T to come and talk to oh
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01589-01006197-01006710 yeah there are two different processes one we have to do absolutely one which
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01590-01006710-01007050 is dealing with the questions that the bird was raising and the other ones the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01591-01007050-01007718 questions that Holger and I and Russell just read okay absolutely and we'll
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01592-01007718-01008531 invite both just to complete the regulatory survey is there anything that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01593-01008531-01008979 we need from does the FDA regulates a lights in a way that would be helpful to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01594-01008979-01010016 us well they have authority over you know food-contact articles cosmetics
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01595-01010016-01010627 medical devices and there are we can certainly invite them to come
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01596-01010627-01011389 well we who have been talking to I've been talking to well SIF saying which
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01597-01011389-01012540 includes cosmetics in food packaging I guess or the main the main groups I mean
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01598-01012540-01013235 we can invite medical devices but that's kind of it's up to me such a narrow a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01599-01013235-01014181 narrow group maybe a low priority well unless there are pediatric devices well
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01600-01014181-01014769 I mean there there are in in in you know little kids who have to have major
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01601-01014769-01015720 surgery or even preemies yeah they they can have a very intensive exposure but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01602-01015720-01016309 with the benefit there's a you know it's a whole different balance it's a risk
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01603-01016309-01016900 benefit consideration the other can really as if you want some information
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01604-01016900-01017289 from several different centers in the FDA you have to invite several different
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01605-01017289-01017682 people it's hard to find somebody who can speak for the whole FDA that's true
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01606-01017682-01018297 but also we can well we'll talk I'll talk to them and see what they how much
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01607-01018297-01018861 they have because I don't know how how much they they really have that can be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01608-01018861-01019789 helpful injuries can I suggest to invite someone from the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01609-01019789-01020457 Committee on improving risk analysis yes the National Academy of Sciences that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01610-01020457-01021018 reports traumas Berkey chat this he's from Johns Hopkins around the corner I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01611-01021018-01022445 think that might be helpful information Tom Burke yeah yeah and yeah that's
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01612-01022445-01023193 that's good and they have really made specific recommendations to EPA so I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01613-01023193-01023787 think we could utilize that really in which questions would you want to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01614-01023787-01024477 some injuries because this would be more meta meta or concerning a framework or
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01615-01024477-01025211 approach to to this issue which we could use they've they have a wonderful
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01616-01025211-01025900 decision tree or matrix kind of stuff developed I think it would be helpful it
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01617-01025900-01026539 would it would not help us to address directly any questions related to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01618-01026539-01027120 thyroid health risks but it would help us how to frame the problem how to go
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01619-01027120-01027589 about it etc etc with that part of the science and decisions yeah that's right
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01620-01027589-01028210 yeah he chaired that committee is that one of the discs Mike it's it's not but
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01621-01028210-01028804 I could look certainly look into getting it I think that I have it on my computer
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01622-01028804-01029889 you can have a copy straight away in fact I'll play it onto my brain with
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01623-01029889-01030502 that report I think the critical questions that I would like to see is
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01624-01030502-01031014 and they have the decision tree but how do they deal with a decision tree until
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01625-01031014-01031531 in in approaching the mixtures question that we're really seriously going to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01626-01031531-01031989 have to quote have to deal with and I think that that's the kind of framing of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01627-01031989-01032694 the discussion I think we'd like to have with with Tom so that he at least knows
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01628-01032694-01033171 where we're coming from and what our critical concerns are you know the end
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01629-01033171-01033784 points how you going extrapolation and point from reproductive to to early
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01630-01033784-01034489 childhood the questions of the mixtures how do you put it into something that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01631-01034489-01034986 can be quantifiable I think is a good point from for departure with for him
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01632-01034986-01035412 because I think it's something that you've been you just articulated a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01633-01035412-01036446 little while ago you're going to struggle with well I've got the report
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01634-01036591-01038134 whathave copy do that get the book your emails are in there there there's a page
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01635-01038134-01038543 somewhere with con - everybody's emails
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01636-01038639-01039268 let me find out where we are I I think we're done with the discussion
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01637-01039268-01039837 about acceptable risks and we've now morphed into this issue of what data do
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01638-01039837-01040521 we want for the July meeting and I don't know if we're done with that discussion
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01639-01040521-01041121 or not yet you had a list of questions that you're going to distribute to each
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01640-01041121-01042312 of us further input yes I think I saying here it is I just jotted these down
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01641-01042312-01043018 while we were talking yeah well I'll share this and we'll add to it or
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01642-01043018-01043689 whatever refine it a little bit these are just some bullets we'll try to frame
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01643-01043689-01044460 specific questions for like Jeff Peters and Paul Foster and so on yes so some of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01644-01044460-01044908 these will have specific individuals attached yeah two of them yeah and we're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01645-01044908-01045321 hoping that people who aren't experts behind these questions won't attempt to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01646-01045321-01046183 answer them yeah we just don't have time but in addition you are going to be
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01647-01046183-01047064 contacting a broader list of people on our standing list
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01648-01047064-01047554 well you're right to announce what will invite those particular this specific
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01649-01047554-01048160 people that you requested we'll also just publish a Federal Register notice
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01650-01048160-01048891 and something on our website asking inviting people to present testimony
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01651-01048891-01049596 probably some of the people sitting here today will be presenting testimony
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01652-01049635-01050368 we can expect people representing the main if the valet manufacturers and so
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01653-01050368-01051378 on substitutes as well as others so we will do that but we can frame some
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01654-01051378-01052214 specific questions for them like if you we can ask about substitutes for example
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01655-01052214-01053202 what the process is that they go through what are the considerations and you know
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01656-01053202-01053755 I'll draft something up or I could unless you wanted to take the first stab
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01657-01053755-01054324 at it but I could draft something up like you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01658-01054324-01054957 know we've done four other meetings start with that and share that with you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01659-01054957-01055494 I think I think that's a helpful way to proceed so if you wanna take the first
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01660-01055494-01056434 crack at it yep and then we give our input okay I mean I give as long as
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01661-01056434-01057205 that's okay I just offering is there something more this you need from us
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01662-01057205-01057777 today to be able to do that today you know I don't think so I think I'm in
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01663-01057777-01058266 pretty good shape as far as that goes I'll you know draft stuff up and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01664-01058266-01059184 circulated and I'm sure you know the panel will have a lot to add and so on
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01665-01059184-01060414 but we'll get started on that planning that meeting soon okay I just had a I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01666-01060414-01060852 guess a question and in terms of staging of this I mean because it seems like
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01667-01060852-01061456 there's a lot of people and information we've listed would it be you know
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01668-01061456-01061927 information overload for July and then we're gonna come up with some new
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01669-01061927-01062551 questions and needs for next meeting which being the fall I mean as should we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01670-01062551-01062825 because it sounds like there's like five to eight
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01671-01062825-01063422 or more presentations that we may have you know gonna be too much I was
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01672-01063422-01063913 wondering about that and would you want to break it up have the public testimony
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01673-01063913-01064709 in July and then the scientists the invited speakers at the subsequent
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01674-01064709-01065572 meeting or vice versa it's something something to think about I think we want
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01675-01065572-01066704 we want input from the experts and if we have to have but I do think we want the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01676-01066704-01067414 public input to as possible so good dishes could be a day to dump July yeah
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01677-01067414-01067793 but I'm just wondering if you know if it's two days of full days of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01678-01067793-01068135 presentations doesn't leave us a lot of time and that we're probably going to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01679-01068135-01068600 come back with you know other needs I don't know I'm just thinking in terms of
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01680-01068600-01069425 we may want to prioritize well I think we can try it in suppo yeah I think last
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01681-01069425-01069887 time we had you know a day of public testimony and so if we have ended up
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01682-01069887-01070912 with the day and a half of listening I don't think that's too intolerable
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01683-01071272-01071825 digesting the information yeah so you know not that they'll you know they to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01684-01071825-01072263 dump all this information on us and then we leave a few hours later but we I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01685-01072263-01072941 think would need time as a panel I think the you know adjust the talks the actual
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01686-01072941-01073484 presentations you know we can keep them limit the time and they you know can
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01687-01073484-01074180 submit lots of data and give a short summary like how about if you would put
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01688-01074180-01074777 together an agenda okay or these public testimony both scientists EPA FDA and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01689-01074777-01075317 the general public and with sometimes associated with yeah then we can start
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01690-01075317-01075695 to we can do that I mean the only thing is we don't know how many people are
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01691-01075695-01076030 going to want to give presents
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01692-01076640-01077787 but we can put together a straw Mian or something like that say that you know we
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01693-01077787-01078125 like Earl Grey to just talk with us for an hour
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01694-01078125-01078666 not necessarily present for an entire hour but have a dialogue going on maybe
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01695-01078666-01079245 that's not enough I don't know but well maybe you have the three experts for a
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01696-01079245-01079683 dialogue that our yes that would then maybe more that would be more effective
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01697-01079683-01080037 at the same time at the same time because then we won't have to I like to
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01698-01080037-01080469 ask the same questions over and over again we have these three very competent
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01699-01080469-01081087 people in the room we want to just get a information exchange yes then we will
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01700-01081087-01081515 need to take a more active role in the moderation of that discussion so that
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01701-01081515-01081873 we're not here at six o'clock in the evening from nine o'clock in the morning
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01702-01081873-01082194 listening to those three people yet yes we could we could devote an entire
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01703-01082194-01083505 morning to those folks and maybe the afternoon too from EPA FDA and but I
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01704-01083505-01083955 would also just caution to make sure that there's time for us so if they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01705-01083955-01084494 present all morning you know block out two hours so we can talk about what they
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01706-01084494-01085023 presented rather than two days straight and then we all come together on the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01707-01085023-01085272 third day and we don't remember what yeah right
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01708-01085272-01085641 if we can't internalize it it won't be of much help to have them come and just
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01709-01085641-01086190 talk to us have a block of time for us after each so so the depth of three
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01710-01086190-01086646 coming for two hours and then we block another hour where we sit and talk about
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01711-01086646-01087447 what they told us that would be good and of EPA and FDA and NIH s talk pocket and
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01712-01087447-01087843 block have a block of time at the end of that first to talk that would be fine
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01713-01087843-01088452 now because there will be an open public meeting we may have two hours of them
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01714-01088452-01088761 answering our questions but then they'll sit in the audience and hear what we say
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01715-01088761-01088912 about it yeah
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01716-01088912-01089481 that's the way they follow that's a public meeting but I mean they're you
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01717-01089481-01090103 that you know the chairman I mean you're inviting them you know they could sit at
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01718-01090103-01090481 the table if that's what you want in participate in the discussion for as
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01719-01090481-01091447 long as you want so are we talking about like having the invited speakers on the
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01720-01091447-01091990 first day I do how do we want to do this I won't be here on the first day
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01721-01091990-01092934 remember so it's up to you guys I'll put them on the second morning yeah okay
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01722-01092934-01093501 I'm here public comment first morning okay
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01723-01093501-01094159 other agencies in the afternoon and the experts on Monday morning or the second
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01724-01094159-01095203 day morning I've just emailed everyone their report so Phil I think maybe we're
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01725-01095203-01095850 done with this piece I'll turn it back to you no I think it's time for lunch
fnfbQPjwdqQ-01726-01097567-01097772 you