_yeYF5DPMiu-00000-00000200-00001628 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00001-00001629-00002482 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00002-00002483-00004364 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00003-00004365-00006261 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00005-00009457-00011555 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00006-00011556-00013281 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00007-00013282-00013599 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00008-00013600-00014136 do
_yeYF5DPMiu-00009-00014137-00014679 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00010-00014680-00016086 do
_yeYF5DPMiu-00011-00016087-00016310 so
_yeYF5DPMiu-00012-00016311-00017519 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00013-00017520-00017914 so
_yeYF5DPMiu-00015-00021111-00021783 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00016-00021784-00023199 do
_yeYF5DPMiu-00017-00023200-00023493 do
_yeYF5DPMiu-00018-00023494-00024335 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00019-00024336-00025144 do
_yeYF5DPMiu-00020-00025145-00026006 [Music]
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_yeYF5DPMiu-00023-00027879-00029777 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00025-00032978-00034367 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00026-00034368-00035072 so
_yeYF5DPMiu-00027-00035073-00037008 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00028-00037009-00037862 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00029-00037863-00039744 [Music]
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_yeYF5DPMiu-00032-00040315-00041641 [Music]
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_yeYF5DPMiu-00035-00044837-00046935 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00036-00046936-00048695 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00037-00048696-00048921 do
_yeYF5DPMiu-00038-00048922-00049775 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00039-00049776-00050174 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00040-00050175-00051657 do
_yeYF5DPMiu-00041-00051658-00053554 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00042-00053554-00053966 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00043-00053967-00054090 do
_yeYF5DPMiu-00044-00054091-00056754 [Music]
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_yeYF5DPMiu-00046-00058064-00058838 do
_yeYF5DPMiu-00047-00058839-00061759 [Music]
_yeYF5DPMiu-00048-00061760-00061967 you
_yEzDAYmjEA-00001-00018687-00018743 you
_yEzDAYmjEA-00002-00018744-00019066 [Music]
_-2pjHxesUQ-00000-00000008-00000191 what's happening guys it's shane here
_-2pjHxesUQ-00001-00000192-00000407 and in today's video we are going to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00002-00000408-00000623 talk about how to keep the cost of
_-2pjHxesUQ-00003-00000624-00000862 college low everybody knows college is
_-2pjHxesUQ-00004-00000863-00001015 getting more and more expensive i think
_-2pjHxesUQ-00005-00001016-00001199 there's 1.85
_-2pjHxesUQ-00006-00001200-00001391 trillion dollars in student loan debt
_-2pjHxesUQ-00007-00001392-00001566 now the average person is graduating
_-2pjHxesUQ-00008-00001567-00001871 with almost 40 000 in student loans and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00009-00001872-00002079 it's not getting any better if anything
_-2pjHxesUQ-00010-00002080-00002255 it seems like it's getting worse and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00011-00002256-00002455 worse by the year so it is more
_-2pjHxesUQ-00012-00002456-00002623 important than ever to keep the cost of
_-2pjHxesUQ-00013-00002624-00002910 college low and most people have no idea
_-2pjHxesUQ-00014-00002911-00003110 how to do that but fear no more because
_-2pjHxesUQ-00015-00003111-00003343 you have come to the perfect video i am
_-2pjHxesUQ-00016-00003344-00003559 going to be giving you 10 of my best
_-2pjHxesUQ-00017-00003560-00003767 possible tips but before we do that make
_-2pjHxesUQ-00018-00003768-00003999 sure to gently tap that like button
_-2pjHxesUQ-00019-00004000-00004247 let's set a goal for 1000 likes on this
_-2pjHxesUQ-00020-00004248-00004399 video and also if you haven't done it
_-2pjHxesUQ-00021-00004400-00004606 already make sure to subscribe i think
_-2pjHxesUQ-00022-00004607-00004854 only 18 last time i checked in the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00023-00004855-00005015 studio i'll have it pop up on the screen
_-2pjHxesUQ-00024-00005016-00005191 i think only about 18 of you are
_-2pjHxesUQ-00025-00005192-00005343 subscribed and also hit that
_-2pjHxesUQ-00026-00005344-00005559 notification bell as well
_-2pjHxesUQ-00027-00005560-00005831 [Music]
_-2pjHxesUQ-00028-00005832-00005967 that's the end of the video thank you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00029-00005968-00006143 very much for watching i will see you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00030-00006144-00006383 guys next time
_-2pjHxesUQ-00031-00006384-00006614 just kidding obviously most of us are
_-2pjHxesUQ-00032-00006615-00006823 not going to have access to that most of
_-2pjHxesUQ-00033-00006823-00007039 us don't have rich parents however there
_-2pjHxesUQ-00034-00007040-00007231 are some other ways that you know more
_-2pjHxesUQ-00035-00007231-00007503 normal people can get their kids college
_-2pjHxesUQ-00036-00007504-00007734 degrees paid for one of those is called
_-2pjHxesUQ-00037-00007736-00008014 a 529 plan and this is something that
_-2pjHxesUQ-00038-00008015-00008174 some people set up right after their
_-2pjHxesUQ-00039-00008175-00008423 child is born and it's designed to pay
_-2pjHxesUQ-00040-00008424-00008599 for their child's college but you don't
_-2pjHxesUQ-00041-00008600-00008751 have to do it right after the child is
_-2pjHxesUQ-00042-00008752-00008935 born and the sooner you do it the better
_-2pjHxesUQ-00043-00008936-00009135 this is a tax advantage plan so it has
_-2pjHxesUQ-00044-00009136-00009383 some similarities to like a 401k or a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00045-00009384-00009646 roth ira but it is supposed to be used
_-2pjHxesUQ-00046-00009647-00009855 for college degrees specifically now
_-2pjHxesUQ-00047-00009856-00010039 there's a lot to be said about the 529
_-2pjHxesUQ-00048-00010040-00010199 plan there's a lot of very specific
_-2pjHxesUQ-00049-00010200-00010342 things that make it different than the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00050-00010343-00010567 401k or the roth ira but i'd have to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00051-00010568-00010742 make an entire separate video in order
_-2pjHxesUQ-00052-00010743-00010927 to go over all of those and there are
_-2pjHxesUQ-00053-00010928-00011223 alternatives to the 529 like esa's for
_-2pjHxesUQ-00054-00011224-00011406 instance that stands for education
_-2pjHxesUQ-00055-00011407-00011591 savings account and there's also the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00056-00011592-00011903 uniform gift for minors or ugma there
_-2pjHxesUQ-00057-00011904-00012119 are also certain types of life insurance
_-2pjHxesUQ-00058-00012120-00012319 plans but you really have to be careful
_-2pjHxesUQ-00059-00012320-00012455 with those because a lot of the time
_-2pjHxesUQ-00060-00012456-00012646 they don't end up paying off so yeah
_-2pjHxesUQ-00061-00012647-00012822 definitely something to look into
_-2pjHxesUQ-00062-00012823-00013007 especially if you are maybe a teenager
_-2pjHxesUQ-00063-00013008-00013191 right now or you're a parent watching
_-2pjHxesUQ-00064-00013191-00013415 this for your child uh definitely look
_-2pjHxesUQ-00065-00013416-00013679 into those options the 529 plan is great
_-2pjHxesUQ-00066-00013680-00013830 for instance and then a lot of people
_-2pjHxesUQ-00067-00013831-00014007 just end up saving for their child's
_-2pjHxesUQ-00068-00014008-00014191 college as well and they just keep it in
_-2pjHxesUQ-00069-00014191-00014366 a savings account but let's be honest
_-2pjHxesUQ-00070-00014368-00014630 most people don't think ahead that far
_-2pjHxesUQ-00071-00014631-00014807 and most people just simply don't have
_-2pjHxesUQ-00072-00014808-00015103 access to that excess level of savings i
_-2pjHxesUQ-00073-00015104-00015294 certainly didn't i didn't have any help
_-2pjHxesUQ-00074-00015295-00015511 at all from my parents at least no help
_-2pjHxesUQ-00075-00015512-00015671 when it came to the financial side of
_-2pjHxesUQ-00076-00015672-00015919 things so the next nine tips on the list
_-2pjHxesUQ-00077-00015919-00016086 are going to be for people who are in
_-2pjHxesUQ-00078-00016087-00016286 that situation which is probably most
_-2pjHxesUQ-00079-00016287-00016383 people
_-2pjHxesUQ-00080-00016384-00016743 [Music]
_-2pjHxesUQ-00081-00016744-00016919 so i basically made an entire video
_-2pjHxesUQ-00082-00016920-00017103 where i went very in depth on this on
_-2pjHxesUQ-00083-00017104-00017311 how to get college paid for i actually
_-2pjHxesUQ-00084-00017312-00017567 go even more in depth in my college 101
_-2pjHxesUQ-00085-00017568-00017711 course which you can find down in the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00086-00017712-00017935 description below but basically you know
_-2pjHxesUQ-00087-00017936-00018199 you've got scholarships grants and essay
_-2pjHxesUQ-00088-00018200-00018422 contests and the ones that you want to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00089-00018423-00018614 aim for first are the scholarships that
_-2pjHxesUQ-00090-00018615-00018839 are offered by the school themselves
_-2pjHxesUQ-00091-00018840-00019030 right so these tend to be the highest
_-2pjHxesUQ-00092-00019031-00019207 level of scholarship a lot of the time
_-2pjHxesUQ-00093-00019208-00019375 it's going to be five thousand dollars
_-2pjHxesUQ-00094-00019376-00019543 for all four years that you're there so
_-2pjHxesUQ-00095-00019544-00019694 it's really a twenty thousand dollar
_-2pjHxesUQ-00096-00019695-00019871 scholarship sometimes it's a lot more
_-2pjHxesUQ-00097-00019872-00020022 than that sometimes it's ten thousand
_-2pjHxesUQ-00098-00020023-00020191 dollars a year twenty thousand dollars a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00099-00020192-00020399 year etc now usually these types of
_-2pjHxesUQ-00100-00020400-00020567 scholarships are going to require you to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00101-00020568-00020855 have a pretty decent gpa and sometimes
_-2pjHxesUQ-00102-00020856-00021047 they will also require you to score well
_-2pjHxesUQ-00103-00021048-00021278 on the act or the sat so that's
_-2pjHxesUQ-00104-00021279-00021439 something you really want to plan ahead
_-2pjHxesUQ-00105-00021440-00021647 for if you can i definitely think that
_-2pjHxesUQ-00106-00021648-00021814 getting good grades in high school
_-2pjHxesUQ-00107-00021815-00022047 overall is worth it and so if you're
_-2pjHxesUQ-00108-00022048-00022230 early on in high school and maybe you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00109-00022231-00022439 have like pretty decent grades i would
_-2pjHxesUQ-00110-00022440-00022614 say it's definitely worth it for you to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00111-00022615-00022783 study hard and get good grades in high
_-2pjHxesUQ-00112-00022784-00022975 school surprisingly a lot of the time in
_-2pjHxesUQ-00113-00022976-00023150 college it's not worth it and what's
_-2pjHxesUQ-00114-00023151-00023358 much more important is you know
_-2pjHxesUQ-00115-00023359-00023583 networking and getting work experience
_-2pjHxesUQ-00116-00023584-00023783 but in high school in my opinion it is
_-2pjHxesUQ-00117-00023784-00023967 worth it to get good grades if you can
_-2pjHxesUQ-00118-00023968-00024119 and then there's also grants that the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00119-00024120-00024367 school offers so everybody should always
_-2pjHxesUQ-00120-00024368-00024694 sign up for fafsa that's f-a-f-s-a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00121-00024695-00024855 and the reason for that is even if you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00122-00024856-00025047 don't plan on taking out any money or
_-2pjHxesUQ-00123-00025048-00025278 any loans it's going to automatically
_-2pjHxesUQ-00124-00025279-00025455 apply to a bunch of different grants and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00125-00025456-00025639 scholarships that the school offers
_-2pjHxesUQ-00126-00025639-00025814 right so definitely worth it for you to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00127-00025816-00026039 sign up for fafsa even if you don't plan
_-2pjHxesUQ-00128-00026039-00026223 on taking out any student loans and then
_-2pjHxesUQ-00129-00026224-00026414 there's a bunch of different small
_-2pjHxesUQ-00130-00026416-00026655 scholarships and essay contests these
_-2pjHxesUQ-00131-00026656-00026799 are usually like you know five hundred
_-2pjHxesUQ-00132-00026800-00027031 dollars thousand dollars fifteen hundred
_-2pjHxesUQ-00133-00027032-00027190 dollars sometimes maybe up to two or
_-2pjHxesUQ-00134-00027191-00027374 three thousand and these are absolutely
_-2pjHxesUQ-00135-00027375-00027590 worth it for you to sign up for as well
_-2pjHxesUQ-00136-00027591-00027831 there are literally billions of dollars
_-2pjHxesUQ-00137-00027832-00028023 in scholarships that go unclaimed
_-2pjHxesUQ-00138-00028024-00028255 because nobody signs up for them and so
_-2pjHxesUQ-00139-00028256-00028431 you should really just sign up for as
_-2pjHxesUQ-00140-00028432-00028670 many of these as possible usually they
_-2pjHxesUQ-00141-00028672-00028855 are going to take a short essay you know
_-2pjHxesUQ-00142-00028856-00029031 like a one-page essay something along
_-2pjHxesUQ-00143-00029032-00029279 those lines but what you'll find is they
_-2pjHxesUQ-00144-00029280-00029518 all have very similar prompts and so you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00145-00029519-00029702 can basically take the prompt and once
_-2pjHxesUQ-00146-00029704-00029846 you've written enough of these essays
_-2pjHxesUQ-00147-00029847-00030014 you can just copy paste in order to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00148-00030016-00030214 apply for many of them and so an essay
_-2pjHxesUQ-00149-00030216-00030407 contest or a scholarship that might have
_-2pjHxesUQ-00150-00030408-00030687 taken you originally like three hours is
_-2pjHxesUQ-00151-00030688-00030839 probably only going to take you like
_-2pjHxesUQ-00152-00030839-00031063 maybe 10 to 30 minutes
_-2pjHxesUQ-00153-00031064-00031358 [Music]
_-2pjHxesUQ-00154-00031360-00031527 and here is going to be the edit of
_-2pjHxesUQ-00155-00031527-00031718 shame here's the part where i put up the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00156-00031719-00031895 school that was the most expensive in
_-2pjHxesUQ-00157-00031895-00032143 terms of tuition in the last year and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00158-00032144-00032399 that is scripps college they charge
_-2pjHxesUQ-00159-00032400-00032683 students 77
_-2pjHxesUQ-00160-00032683-00033039 696 dollars a year in tuition last year
_-2pjHxesUQ-00161-00033040-00033271 absolutely ridiculous i'm getting the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00162-00033272-00033590 calculator out
_-2pjHxesUQ-00163-00033591-00033839 over a four year period that is three
_-2pjHxesUQ-00164-00033840-00034135 hundred and ten thousand seven hundred
_-2pjHxesUQ-00165-00034136-00034415 and eighty four dollars for a four year
_-2pjHxesUQ-00166-00034416-00034623 bachelor degree i usually don't like to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00167-00034624-00034887 call out like individuals or companies
_-2pjHxesUQ-00168-00034888-00035095 or colleges or anything like that i
_-2pjHxesUQ-00169-00035096-00035318 usually like to talk about ideas not
_-2pjHxesUQ-00170-00035319-00035543 people i try to avoid drama and stuff
_-2pjHxesUQ-00171-00035544-00035687 like that on this channel as much as
_-2pjHxesUQ-00172-00035688-00035918 possible but you know what i i'm gonna
_-2pjHxesUQ-00173-00035919-00036127 start calling some of these places out
_-2pjHxesUQ-00174-00036128-00036374 that is absolutely ridiculous it's
_-2pjHxesUQ-00175-00036375-00036599 totally irresponsible people who
_-2pjHxesUQ-00176-00036600-00036774 graduate from this college are likely
_-2pjHxesUQ-00177-00036775-00037015 going to be weighed down by all of the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00178-00037016-00037230 debt they're going to accumulate for
_-2pjHxesUQ-00179-00037231-00037487 decades now okay to be fair if you are
_-2pjHxesUQ-00180-00037488-00037727 able to go to one of these schools and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00181-00037728-00037902 you get like a really nice scholarship
_-2pjHxesUQ-00182-00037903-00038111 you get grant for it and so maybe your
_-2pjHxesUQ-00183-00038112-00038311 out-of-pocket cost is like five thousand
_-2pjHxesUQ-00184-00038312-00038615 dollars a year that's one thing right so
_-2pjHxesUQ-00185-00038616-00038774 you know if you're able to do that that
_-2pjHxesUQ-00186-00038775-00038951 can be okay but what you really want to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00187-00038952-00039102 do is figure out how much it's going to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00188-00039103-00039255 cost you after all the scholarships
_-2pjHxesUQ-00189-00039256-00039518 after all the grants etc and that is the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00190-00039519-00039743 true cost now a great way to keep your
_-2pjHxesUQ-00191-00039744-00039887 college costs low and i've mentioned
_-2pjHxesUQ-00192-00039888-00040111 this many times on the channel but it is
_-2pjHxesUQ-00193-00040112-00040295 to go to a community college for your
_-2pjHxesUQ-00194-00040296-00040502 first two years the average community
_-2pjHxesUQ-00195-00040503-00040767 college is about 3 500 a year very
_-2pjHxesUQ-00196-00040768-00040983 reasonable so that would be 7 000 for
_-2pjHxesUQ-00197-00040984-00041135 your first two years and then you want
_-2pjHxesUQ-00198-00041136-00041383 to transfer to an in-state public
_-2pjHxesUQ-00199-00041384-00041599 college and usually in state that's
_-2pjHxesUQ-00200-00041600-00041902 going to be about 9 000 per year right
_-2pjHxesUQ-00201-00041903-00042239 so 9 000 times 2 is 18 plus the original
_-2pjHxesUQ-00202-00042240-00042455 seven thousand that is twenty five
_-2pjHxesUQ-00203-00042456-00042687 thousand dollars total that's not too
_-2pjHxesUQ-00204-00042688-00042846 bad you know twenty five thousand
_-2pjHxesUQ-00205-00042847-00043055 dollars versus three hundred and ten
_-2pjHxesUQ-00206-00043056-00043287 thousand the number four tip on the list
_-2pjHxesUQ-00207-00043288-00043607 is probably the most underrated tip out
_-2pjHxesUQ-00208-00043608-00043862 of all of them on this list because many
_-2pjHxesUQ-00209-00043863-00044079 people you know at least they know about
_-2pjHxesUQ-00210-00044080-00044262 the other tips that i mentioned they
_-2pjHxesUQ-00211-00044263-00044423 might not take full advantage of it
_-2pjHxesUQ-00212-00044424-00044607 because they don't know how but a lot of
_-2pjHxesUQ-00213-00044608-00044815 people don't even know that you can do
_-2pjHxesUQ-00214-00044816-00044999 this and that is you can actually
_-2pjHxesUQ-00215-00045000-00045183 shorten the length of your college
_-2pjHxesUQ-00216-00045184-00045293 degree
_-2pjHxesUQ-00217-00045294-00045655 [Music]
_-2pjHxesUQ-00218-00045656-00045855 so for instance i was able to get a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00219-00045856-00046079 doctorate in five years and nine months
_-2pjHxesUQ-00220-00046080-00046287 instead of the usual eight years that it
_-2pjHxesUQ-00221-00046288-00046495 takes and i didn't even know about all
_-2pjHxesUQ-00222-00046496-00046646 the stuff that you can do when i was
_-2pjHxesUQ-00223-00046647-00046846 going through that process if i knew
_-2pjHxesUQ-00224-00046847-00047015 about all that stuff i likely could have
_-2pjHxesUQ-00225-00047016-00047223 done it in more like four years and that
_-2pjHxesUQ-00226-00047224-00047455 is exactly what one girl that i met when
_-2pjHxesUQ-00227-00047456-00047646 i was in grad school did she took
_-2pjHxesUQ-00228-00047647-00047839 advantage of it to the max and she
_-2pjHxesUQ-00229-00047840-00048102 graduated with a doctorate at 21 years
_-2pjHxesUQ-00230-00048103-00048255 old so there is many different ways to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00231-00048256-00048423 do this and i've made entire videos
_-2pjHxesUQ-00232-00048424-00048655 breaking it down but just to briefly
_-2pjHxesUQ-00233-00048656-00048855 summarize things you can take extra
_-2pjHxesUQ-00234-00048856-00049062 classes during high school so therefore
_-2pjHxesUQ-00235-00049063-00049207 you don't have to take those classes
_-2pjHxesUQ-00236-00049208-00049407 during college you can also take extra
_-2pjHxesUQ-00237-00049408-00049551 classes while you're in college and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00238-00049552-00049679 there's many different ways you can do
_-2pjHxesUQ-00239-00049680-00049862 that all the way from just simply taking
_-2pjHxesUQ-00240-00049863-00050071 extra units instead of doing 15 a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00241-00050072-00050302 semester you can do 18 or 21 per
_-2pjHxesUQ-00242-00050303-00050502 semester you can also take extra classes
_-2pjHxesUQ-00243-00050503-00050646 during the summer when most people are
_-2pjHxesUQ-00244-00050647-00050855 taking time off you can take online
_-2pjHxesUQ-00245-00050856-00051055 classes from other universities and then
_-2pjHxesUQ-00246-00051056-00051238 transfer those credits in there are
_-2pjHxesUQ-00247-00051239-00051430 various ways that you can test out of
_-2pjHxesUQ-00248-00051432-00051646 certain classes as well and then most
_-2pjHxesUQ-00249-00051647-00051775 importantly you can structure your
_-2pjHxesUQ-00250-00051776-00051982 classes in such a way where you know
_-2pjHxesUQ-00251-00051983-00052119 there's a lot of the time you have to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00252-00052120-00052335 take a class before you can take b class
_-2pjHxesUQ-00253-00052336-00052550 and b class before you can take c class
_-2pjHxesUQ-00254-00052551-00052694 and so you have to figure that out you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00255-00052695-00052887 have to meet with your advisor and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00256-00052888-00053079 structure the way that you take those
_-2pjHxesUQ-00257-00053079-00053287 classes in such a way where you can take
_-2pjHxesUQ-00258-00053288-00053519 them on time to graduate early so there
_-2pjHxesUQ-00259-00053520-00053679 are many stories out there people who
_-2pjHxesUQ-00260-00053679-00053854 have shortened a four-year degree into
_-2pjHxesUQ-00261-00053855-00054023 three years sometimes two and a half or
_-2pjHxesUQ-00262-00054024-00054223 two years and so let's say just to make
_-2pjHxesUQ-00263-00054224-00054438 things simple you cut down a four-year
_-2pjHxesUQ-00264-00054439-00054663 degree into two years you literally just
_-2pjHxesUQ-00265-00054664-00054854 saved half the money on tuition right
_-2pjHxesUQ-00266-00054855-00055023 off the bat but more importantly than
_-2pjHxesUQ-00267-00055024-00055303 that you also save time and even more
_-2pjHxesUQ-00268-00055304-00055535 importantly opportunity cost because
_-2pjHxesUQ-00269-00055536-00055663 during a time in college where your
_-2pjHxesUQ-00270-00055664-00055791 peers are still studying and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00271-00055791-00056038 accumulating debt you are going to be in
_-2pjHxesUQ-00272-00056039-00056191 your first entry level job you're going
_-2pjHxesUQ-00273-00056191-00056415 to be getting real life work experience
_-2pjHxesUQ-00274-00056416-00056582 and you're going to be making money so
_-2pjHxesUQ-00275-00056583-00056742 yeah there are a ton of different ways
_-2pjHxesUQ-00276-00056744-00056903 to do this i didn't even mention all of
_-2pjHxesUQ-00277-00056904-00056982 them
_-2pjHxesUQ-00278-00056983-00057182 another way is to go to an accelerated
_-2pjHxesUQ-00279-00057183-00057359 program there are certain accelerated
_-2pjHxesUQ-00280-00057360-00057526 programs out there you could make an
_-2pjHxesUQ-00281-00057527-00057750 entire video even an entire series on
_-2pjHxesUQ-00282-00057751-00057919 this subject because there's just so
_-2pjHxesUQ-00283-00057920-00058047 many different things you can do and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00284-00058048-00058182 it's going to be different depending on
_-2pjHxesUQ-00285-00058183-00058350 the circumstance and the situation that
_-2pjHxesUQ-00286-00058351-00058599 you're in but yeah definitely the most
_-2pjHxesUQ-00287-00058600-00058791 underrated thing you can do it is
_-2pjHxesUQ-00288-00058791-00058982 incredible if you are able to cut some
_-2pjHxesUQ-00289-00058983-00059479 years off of your graduation
_-2pjHxesUQ-00290-00059479-00059654 so this is going to be obvious but this
_-2pjHxesUQ-00291-00059655-00059847 is probably going to be your biggest
_-2pjHxesUQ-00292-00059848-00060063 expense besides tuition if you're going
_-2pjHxesUQ-00293-00060064-00060238 to a cheap school or community college
_-2pjHxesUQ-00294-00060239-00060406 it likely might even be your biggest
_-2pjHxesUQ-00295-00060407-00060599 expense period but there are many
_-2pjHxesUQ-00296-00060600-00060775 different ways to keep these costs low
_-2pjHxesUQ-00297-00060776-00060966 as well you could for instance continue
_-2pjHxesUQ-00298-00060967-00061142 living with your parents for free you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00299-00061144-00061279 could get roommates so that you're
_-2pjHxesUQ-00300-00061279-00061487 paying like one half or one third of the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00301-00061488-00061671 rent there are other various programs
_-2pjHxesUQ-00302-00061672-00061887 out there like for instance i lived in a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00303-00061888-00062054 scholarship hall while i was in college
_-2pjHxesUQ-00304-00062055-00062271 that was very cheap not all colleges
_-2pjHxesUQ-00305-00062272-00062430 offer that but some of them are going to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00306-00062432-00062679 offer discounts on dorms you could also
_-2pjHxesUQ-00307-00062679-00062991 become a resident assistant and as an ra
_-2pjHxesUQ-00308-00062991-00063159 you would basically get to live and eat
_-2pjHxesUQ-00309-00063160-00063350 for free in many cases so there are
_-2pjHxesUQ-00310-00063351-00063519 definitely a bunch of different ways to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00311-00063520-00063692 keep these costs low
_-2pjHxesUQ-00312-00063694-00063982 [Music]
_-2pjHxesUQ-00313-00063983-00064206 so a lot of universities are designed
_-2pjHxesUQ-00314-00064207-00064430 where you don't actually need a car you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00315-00064432-00064638 can utilize the bus system
_-2pjHxesUQ-00316-00064639-00064879 as well as just having a bicycle and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00317-00064879-00065054 that should be fine another thing you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00318-00065055-00065182 can do and a lot of people are going to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00319-00065183-00065350 laugh at this but it's actually a lot of
_-2pjHxesUQ-00320-00065351-00065663 fun is you can get a moped i had a moped
_-2pjHxesUQ-00321-00065664-00065831 back in college i thought it was kind of
_-2pjHxesUQ-00322-00065832-00066055 dorky at first but i had a lot of fun
_-2pjHxesUQ-00323-00066056-00066487 riding that moped around it was awesome
_-2pjHxesUQ-00324-00066488-00066687 all right i'm i'm waiting for the dump
_-2pjHxesUQ-00325-00066688-00067455 truck outside to go away
_-2pjHxesUQ-00326-00067456-00067694 a few minutes later all right so i think
_-2pjHxesUQ-00327-00067695-00067967 the dump truck is gone now so as i was
_-2pjHxesUQ-00328-00067968-00068199 saying uh another great way to keep
_-2pjHxesUQ-00329-00068200-00068415 transportation costs low if you do get a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00330-00068416-00068655 car try to get a very reliable brand
_-2pjHxesUQ-00331-00068656-00068847 like toyota or honda
_-2pjHxesUQ-00332-00068848-00069087 and 5 to 10 years of depreciation is
_-2pjHxesUQ-00333-00069088-00069238 really good the reason for that is
_-2pjHxesUQ-00334-00069239-00069399 because the moment you buy a car and you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00335-00069400-00069575 drive it off the lot it loses like 10
_-2pjHxesUQ-00336-00069576-00069750 percent of its value and it's going to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00337-00069751-00069943 lose another like 70 percent over the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00338-00069944-00070126 next 5 or 10 years and if you buy a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00339-00070127-00070294 reliable brand it's gonna be perfectly
_-2pjHxesUQ-00340-00070295-00070487 good it's gonna work fine after five to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00341-00070488-00070703 ten years another great option is to buy
_-2pjHxesUQ-00342-00070704-00070926 a truck that's what i did when i was an
_-2pjHxesUQ-00343-00070927-00071079 undergrad and the reason for that is
_-2pjHxesUQ-00344-00071080-00071343 because it's just so ridiculously useful
_-2pjHxesUQ-00345-00071344-00071487 whenever you're moving from place to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00346-00071488-00071711 place if you have a truck you don't have
_-2pjHxesUQ-00347-00071712-00071838 to hire a moving company you can just
_-2pjHxesUQ-00348-00071839-00072006 move it yourself when you first move
_-2pjHxesUQ-00349-00072007-00072223 into a place and you have to get a couch
_-2pjHxesUQ-00350-00072224-00072471 and you have to get a tv etc having a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00351-00072472-00072679 truck makes that entire process really
_-2pjHxesUQ-00352-00072680-00072871 easy you can also use it to do side
_-2pjHxesUQ-00353-00072872-00073055 hustles and make extra money which is
_-2pjHxesUQ-00354-00073056-00073662 exactly what i did in undergrad as well
_-2pjHxesUQ-00355-00073663-00073831 food is likely going to be your fourth
_-2pjHxesUQ-00356-00073832-00074071 biggest expense and it's worth it to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00357-00074072-00074262 figure out how to keep these costs low
_-2pjHxesUQ-00358-00074263-00074406 most people when they come from high
_-2pjHxesUQ-00359-00074407-00074679 school they probably ate their meals at
_-2pjHxesUQ-00360-00074680-00074935 home probably prepared by their parents
_-2pjHxesUQ-00361-00074936-00075111 and then they went to school where meals
_-2pjHxesUQ-00362-00075112-00075287 were prepared for them as well so they
_-2pjHxesUQ-00363-00075288-00075543 never really had to worry about making
_-2pjHxesUQ-00364-00075544-00075719 food for themselves when you go to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00365-00075720-00075935 college things are different and so what
_-2pjHxesUQ-00366-00075936-00076150 a lot of people end up doing is because
_-2pjHxesUQ-00367-00076151-00076335 it's not structured they'll end up
_-2pjHxesUQ-00368-00076336-00076526 eating out for breakfast lunch and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00369-00076527-00076750 dinner eating out costs a ridiculous
_-2pjHxesUQ-00370-00076751-00076894 amount especially if you're doing it
_-2pjHxesUQ-00371-00076895-00077079 every single day and especially if
_-2pjHxesUQ-00372-00077080-00077271 you're buying like five dollar starbucks
_-2pjHxesUQ-00373-00077272-00077462 coffees several times a day as well this
_-2pjHxesUQ-00374-00077463-00077671 can easily get up into the thousand plus
_-2pjHxesUQ-00375-00077672-00077855 dollar a month range i know it did for
_-2pjHxesUQ-00376-00077856-00078087 me at one point and there is a very easy
_-2pjHxesUQ-00377-00078088-00078375 way to fix this and that is get a crock
_-2pjHxesUQ-00378-00078376-00078679 pot for one crock pots are so so easy to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00379-00078680-00078831 use you just throw a bunch of stuff
_-2pjHxesUQ-00380-00078832-00079079 together and then you know you set it to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00381-00079080-00079303 uh go for about eight hours right before
_-2pjHxesUQ-00382-00079304-00079462 you go to sleep and when you wake up
_-2pjHxesUQ-00383-00079463-00079623 it's good to go and you've got like
_-2pjHxesUQ-00384-00079624-00079806 three days worth of food right there and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00385-00079807-00080038 then the second way is to meal prep so
_-2pjHxesUQ-00386-00080039-00080215 you can basically just take one day out
_-2pjHxesUQ-00387-00080216-00080382 of the week spend like two or three
_-2pjHxesUQ-00388-00080383-00080599 hours and get all of your food for the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00389-00080600-00080815 week ready meal prepping and crock
_-2pjHxesUQ-00390-00080816-00081023 potting are very affordable and they're
_-2pjHxesUQ-00391-00081024-00081215 also much healthier than eating out all
_-2pjHxesUQ-00392-00081216-00081391 the time everybody talks about the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00393-00081392-00081599 freshman 15 where you know you go to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00394-00081600-00081775 college and you gain 15 pounds right
_-2pjHxesUQ-00395-00081776-00081967 away it happened to me as well it was
_-2pjHxesUQ-00396-00081968-00082223 more like the freshman 20 or 25 and the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00397-00082224-00082375 reason for that is because i was eating
_-2pjHxesUQ-00398-00082376-00082550 very unhealthy and i was snacking all
_-2pjHxesUQ-00399-00082551-00082967 the time do you ever stop eating
_-2pjHxesUQ-00400-00082968-00083182 hungry then when i started crock potting
_-2pjHxesUQ-00401-00083183-00083423 and meal prepping i lost all that weight
_-2pjHxesUQ-00402-00083424-00083599 right away so not only is it going to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00403-00083600-00083767 help your wallet but it's also going to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00404-00083768-00083975 help you be much healthier number eight
_-2pjHxesUQ-00405-00083976-00084223 on the list is going to be working while
_-2pjHxesUQ-00406-00084224-00084718 you are in college
_-2pjHxesUQ-00407-00084719-00084871 and this is so important not only
_-2pjHxesUQ-00408-00084872-00085038 because you obviously end up making
_-2pjHxesUQ-00409-00085039-00085238 extra money while you're in school but
_-2pjHxesUQ-00410-00085239-00085462 more importantly than that you get work
_-2pjHxesUQ-00411-00085463-00085655 experience and this is going to look so
_-2pjHxesUQ-00412-00085656-00085918 good when you start to apply for jobs
_-2pjHxesUQ-00413-00085919-00086062 this is seriously like night and day
_-2pjHxesUQ-00414-00086063-00086191 it's going to make a much bigger
_-2pjHxesUQ-00415-00086192-00086375 difference than the gpa that you get
_-2pjHxesUQ-00416-00086376-00086543 it's also going to make a much bigger
_-2pjHxesUQ-00417-00086544-00086703 difference than how involved you were
_-2pjHxesUQ-00418-00086704-00086855 how many different organizations you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00419-00086856-00087071 were in the only thing that might be a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00420-00087072-00087255 little bit more powerful than actual
_-2pjHxesUQ-00421-00087256-00087479 work experience is networking right so
_-2pjHxesUQ-00422-00087480-00087623 if you're able to network and meet the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00423-00087624-00087879 right people that can be even better but
_-2pjHxesUQ-00424-00087880-00088079 networking in my opinion is optional you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00425-00088080-00088350 don't have to do it but if you do it it
_-2pjHxesUQ-00426-00088351-00088591 it can be really good but to me working
_-2pjHxesUQ-00427-00088592-00088838 is just mandatory like even if it's a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00428-00088839-00089079 part-time job you do a half shift once a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00429-00089080-00089279 month once every two weeks
_-2pjHxesUQ-00430-00089280-00089623 do it just do it absolutely work while
_-2pjHxesUQ-00431-00089624-00089871 you are in college and you know you get
_-2pjHxesUQ-00432-00089872-00090103 extra points if you're able to work in
_-2pjHxesUQ-00433-00090104-00090311 something that involves the future
_-2pjHxesUQ-00434-00090312-00090526 career something that has to do
_-2pjHxesUQ-00435-00090527-00090687 with the future career that you're going
_-2pjHxesUQ-00436-00090688-00090847 for so just to keep things simple here
_-2pjHxesUQ-00437-00090848-00091023 let's say that you work 10 hours per
_-2pjHxesUQ-00438-00091024-00091231 week and you're making ten dollars per
_-2pjHxesUQ-00439-00091232-00091423 hour
_-2pjHxesUQ-00440-00091424-00091615 that's one hundred dollars per week
_-2pjHxesUQ-00441-00091616-00091838 there's 52 weeks in a year so that's 5
_-2pjHxesUQ-00442-00091839-00092087 200 a year i'm not sure why i got my
_-2pjHxesUQ-00443-00092088-00092255 calculator out that was a pretty simple
_-2pjHxesUQ-00444-00092256-00092438 calculation and over four years that
_-2pjHxesUQ-00445-00092439-00092606 would be twenty thousand eight hundred
_-2pjHxesUQ-00446-00092607-00092782 dollars so right there alone just doing
_-2pjHxesUQ-00447-00092783-00092959 a part-time job you could potentially
_-2pjHxesUQ-00448-00092960-00093143 cut the forty thousand dollar in student
_-2pjHxesUQ-00449-00093144-00093303 loan debt that the average student goes
_-2pjHxesUQ-00450-00093304-00093543 into in half so yeah definitely work
_-2pjHxesUQ-00451-00093544-00094174 during college it is a no-brainer
_-2pjHxesUQ-00452-00094175-00094359 now there's some college degrees that
_-2pjHxesUQ-00453-00094360-00094559 are just really good in general pretty
_-2pjHxesUQ-00454-00094560-00094726 much doesn't matter who gets the college
_-2pjHxesUQ-00455-00094727-00094847 degree they're going to give you a good
_-2pjHxesUQ-00456-00094848-00095047 return on investment the second school
_-2pjHxesUQ-00457-00095048-00095231 of college degrees are kind of in the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00458-00095232-00095423 middle where if you have a really good
_-2pjHxesUQ-00459-00095424-00095631 plan you know what you're doing and you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00460-00095632-00095791 know exactly how you need to get there
_-2pjHxesUQ-00461-00095792-00095974 they can be worth it and then there's a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00462-00095975-00096159 third type of college degree where it's
_-2pjHxesUQ-00463-00096160-00096382 almost never worth it for you to get it
_-2pjHxesUQ-00464-00096383-00096638 right so the first two are good right
_-2pjHxesUQ-00465-00096639-00096823 the second one's good as long as you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00466-00096824-00096950 really do your research and you know
_-2pjHxesUQ-00467-00096951-00097111 what you're getting yourself into and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00468-00097112-00097399 then the third one can be okay but you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00469-00097400-00097694 really have to just like think ahead and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00470-00097695-00097862 i usually just recommend not doing a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00471-00097863-00098006 third one because you're just taking too
_-2pjHxesUQ-00472-00098007-00098199 much risk and by getting a good college
_-2pjHxesUQ-00473-00098200-00098462 degree even if you do end up going 40
_-2pjHxesUQ-00474-00098463-00098655 000 in debt you're gonna be able to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00475-00098656-00098887 relatively easily pay it off now the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00476-00098888-00099111 average student takes 20 years to pay
_-2pjHxesUQ-00477-00099112-00099255 off their student loan debt and that
_-2pjHxesUQ-00478-00099256-00099438 number is probably going to get even
_-2pjHxesUQ-00479-00099439-00099671 worse in the future because 20 years ago
_-2pjHxesUQ-00480-00099672-00099894 college wasn't nearly as expensive as it
_-2pjHxesUQ-00481-00099895-00100079 is now so it's becoming more and more
_-2pjHxesUQ-00482-00100080-00100231 important than ever that you get a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00483-00100232-00100423 college degree that is going to give you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00484-00100424-00100638 a good return on your investment treat
_-2pjHxesUQ-00485-00100639-00100855 college like an investment because if
_-2pjHxesUQ-00486-00100856-00101006 you don't a lot of the time you're going
_-2pjHxesUQ-00487-00101007-00101279 to end up unfortunately being in a hole
_-2pjHxesUQ-00488-00101280-00101479 being deep in debt it's going to be very
_-2pjHxesUQ-00489-00101480-00101623 difficult to pay that off it's going to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00490-00101624-00101823 be extremely stressful and it's not
_-2pjHxesUQ-00491-00101824-00101991 going to make you happy i've seen this
_-2pjHxesUQ-00492-00101992-00102215 happen over and over again people go to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00493-00102216-00102406 college and they just purely follow
_-2pjHxesUQ-00494-00102407-00102575 their passion they end up doing
_-2pjHxesUQ-00495-00102576-00102758 something that has nothing to do with
_-2pjHxesUQ-00496-00102759-00102982 their degree that doesn't pay very well
_-2pjHxesUQ-00497-00102983-00103134 and on top of that they end up deep in
_-2pjHxesUQ-00498-00103135-00103286 debt which makes everything they're
_-2pjHxesUQ-00499-00103288-00103454 trying to do all of their goals even
_-2pjHxesUQ-00500-00103455-00103623 more difficult so if you want to live
_-2pjHxesUQ-00501-00103624-00103806 life on veteran difficulty if you want
_-2pjHxesUQ-00502-00103807-00104118 your life to be very hard go ahead go to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00503-00104119-00104358 college get a worthless degree and pay a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00504-00104359-00104575 bunch of money for it go deep in debt
_-2pjHxesUQ-00505-00104576-00104742 and see what happens number 10 on the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00506-00104743-00104943 list is for you to keep living like a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00507-00104944-00105639 college student even after you graduate
_-2pjHxesUQ-00508-00105640-00105799 and basically what this means is you
_-2pjHxesUQ-00509-00105800-00106054 need to keep your costs low even after
_-2pjHxesUQ-00510-00106055-00106239 you graduate from college and you should
_-2pjHxesUQ-00511-00106240-00106454 do this at least until you get all of
_-2pjHxesUQ-00512-00106455-00106623 your student loans paid off and the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00513-00106624-00106790 reason you do this is because there is a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00514-00106791-00107015 common concept called lifestyle
_-2pjHxesUQ-00515-00107016-00107247 inflation and what that basically means
_-2pjHxesUQ-00516-00107248-00107551 is as you make more money you also spend
_-2pjHxesUQ-00517-00107552-00107702 more money and so let's say you're
_-2pjHxesUQ-00518-00107703-00108015 making 50 000 a year you're likely able
_-2pjHxesUQ-00519-00108016-00108302 to live a very happy lifestyle on about
_-2pjHxesUQ-00520-00108303-00108486 thirty thousand per year but if you make
_-2pjHxesUQ-00521-00108488-00108695 a hundred thousand dollars per year your
_-2pjHxesUQ-00522-00108696-00108863 lifestyle expenses a lot of the time
_-2pjHxesUQ-00523-00108864-00109054 will go up to sixty thousand dollars a
_-2pjHxesUQ-00524-00109055-00109183 year and if you make two hundred
_-2pjHxesUQ-00525-00109183-00109358 thousand dollars a year your expenses
_-2pjHxesUQ-00526-00109359-00109502 will go up to a hundred and twenty
_-2pjHxesUQ-00527-00109503-00109663 thousand a year and this is why you see
_-2pjHxesUQ-00528-00109664-00109831 people who make five hundred thousand
_-2pjHxesUQ-00529-00109832-00110078 dollars a year but they're still broke
_-2pjHxesUQ-00530-00110079-00110286 because as they make more money they end
_-2pjHxesUQ-00531-00110288-00110454 up spending more money so it's super
_-2pjHxesUQ-00532-00110455-00110590 important for you to live below your
_-2pjHxesUQ-00533-00110591-00110799 means and a really easy way for you to
_-2pjHxesUQ-00534-00110800-00111007 do this is to just automate all of your
_-2pjHxesUQ-00535-00111008-00111207 savings and investing so there's ways
_-2pjHxesUQ-00536-00111208-00111358 that you can sign up to investing
_-2pjHxesUQ-00537-00111359-00111607 websites like fidelity charles schwab
_-2pjHxesUQ-00538-00111608-00111871 vanguard etc and you can just automate
_-2pjHxesUQ-00539-00111872-00111990 everything to where you're just
_-2pjHxesUQ-00540-00111991-00112207 automatically investing money every
_-2pjHxesUQ-00541-00112208-00112383 single month and if you never see the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00542-00112383-00112558 money in your bank account then you're
_-2pjHxesUQ-00543-00112559-00112766 never going to think to spend it so yeah
_-2pjHxesUQ-00544-00112767-00112910 that's all i have for you in this video
_-2pjHxesUQ-00545-00112911-00113063 check out my other videos right here i
_-2pjHxesUQ-00546-00113064-00113254 made them just for you go ahead gently
_-2pjHxesUQ-00547-00113255-00113415 tap the like button hit that subscribe
_-2pjHxesUQ-00548-00113416-00113599 button ring the notification bell and
_-2pjHxesUQ-00549-00113600-00113743 comment down below any thoughts comments
_-2pjHxesUQ-00550-00113744-00113958 criticisms etc that you have on the
_-2pjHxesUQ-00551-00113959-00114490 video and i will see you next time
_-2pjHxesUQ-00552-00114491-00114798 [Music]
_AnJetb1Utg-00000-00000000-00000821 PA
_AnJetb1Utg-00001-00000822-00003293 um
_AnJetb1Utg-00003-00007200-00008210 foreign
_AnJetb1Utg-00004-00008211-00009975 [Music]
_AnJetb1Utg-00005-00009976-00010973 [Music]
_AnJetb1Utg-00006-00010974-00011274 foreign
_BknTyxQBnE-00000-00000032-00000327 okay uh good morning everyone and
_BknTyxQBnE-00001-00000328-00000663 uh thank you wso2 for this opportunity
_BknTyxQBnE-00002-00000664-00001087 uh to present uh bhutan's
_BknTyxQBnE-00003-00001088-00001503 e-government journey um
_BknTyxQBnE-00004-00001504-00001871 uh it's it's uh a wonderful opportunity
_BknTyxQBnE-00005-00001872-00001991 for us to share
_BknTyxQBnE-00006-00001992-00002310 what uh bhutan has done on our
_BknTyxQBnE-00007-00002311-00002647 uh e-government journey and uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00008-00002648-00003055 an even bigger opportunity to hear and
_BknTyxQBnE-00009-00003056-00003254 see if there are any comments and
_BknTyxQBnE-00010-00003255-00003447 suggestions so that we can further
_BknTyxQBnE-00011-00003447-00003543 improve
_BknTyxQBnE-00012-00003544-00003865 on what we have done so far
_BknTyxQBnE-00013-00003867-00004031 [Music]
_BknTyxQBnE-00014-00004032-00004263 so for those of you who are not familiar
_BknTyxQBnE-00015-00004264-00004447 bhutan is an extremely
_BknTyxQBnE-00016-00004448-00004670 uh you know small country with an even
_BknTyxQBnE-00017-00004671-00004822 smaller population we
_BknTyxQBnE-00018-00004823-00005170 are in between china and india
_BknTyxQBnE-00019-00005171-00005383 [Music]
_BknTyxQBnE-00020-00005384-00005727 we are divided into
_BknTyxQBnE-00021-00005728-00006127 20 districts and 205
_BknTyxQBnE-00022-00006128-00006446 yorks they are essentially blocks of
_BknTyxQBnE-00023-00006447-00006767 villages and we
_BknTyxQBnE-00024-00006768-00007214 transitioned peacefully from um
_BknTyxQBnE-00025-00007215-00007503 um an absolute monarchy to a democratic
_BknTyxQBnE-00026-00007504-00007759 constitutional monarchy in 2008
_BknTyxQBnE-00027-00007759-00008078 uh a transition that was actually led
_BknTyxQBnE-00028-00008079-00008483 by our king himself
_BknTyxQBnE-00029-00008484-00008767 um in terms of
_BknTyxQBnE-00030-00008768-00009295 our development philosophy um
_BknTyxQBnE-00031-00009296-00009663 we have it mentioned in our constitution
_BknTyxQBnE-00032-00009664-00009751 itself
_BknTyxQBnE-00033-00009752-00010063 that gnh
_BknTyxQBnE-00034-00010064-00010399 or gross national happiness
_BknTyxQBnE-00035-00010400-00010903 is the primary objective of the state
_BknTyxQBnE-00036-00010904-00011246 it is a condition that needs to be
_BknTyxQBnE-00037-00011247-00011359 provided
_BknTyxQBnE-00038-00011360-00011727 by the state so that our populists
_BknTyxQBnE-00039-00011728-00012223 may pursue it and
_BknTyxQBnE-00040-00012224-00012455 the four pillars that have been
_BknTyxQBnE-00041-00012456-00012591 identified
_BknTyxQBnE-00042-00012592-00013119 to pursue gnh focuses on of course
_BknTyxQBnE-00043-00013119-00013407 sustainable socio-economic development
_BknTyxQBnE-00044-00013408-00013591 good governance
_BknTyxQBnE-00045-00013591-00013758 preservation and promotion of our
_BknTyxQBnE-00046-00013759-00013919 culture and
_BknTyxQBnE-00047-00013919-00014279 environmental protection and
_BknTyxQBnE-00048-00014280-00014719 leveraging on this we have developed
_BknTyxQBnE-00049-00014719-00015063 our ict vision
_BknTyxQBnE-00050-00015063-00015263 which is an ict enabled knowledge
_BknTyxQBnE-00051-00015263-00015519 society as a foundation for cross
_BknTyxQBnE-00052-00015519-00016103 national happiness
_BknTyxQBnE-00053-00016104-00016679 so to talk about our ict journey
_BknTyxQBnE-00054-00016680-00017055 we began in earnest
_BknTyxQBnE-00055-00017056-00017399 our development efforts
_BknTyxQBnE-00056-00017400-00017703 very recently but we
_BknTyxQBnE-00057-00017704-00018135 introduced uh internet uh in bhutan in
_BknTyxQBnE-00058-00018136-00018447 in 1999 and since then our focus has
_BknTyxQBnE-00059-00018448-00018727 largely been on uh deploying
_BknTyxQBnE-00060-00018728-00018927 infrastructure across the country
_BknTyxQBnE-00061-00018928-00019230 as we can see we uh leveraged
_BknTyxQBnE-00062-00019231-00019550 on our power
_BknTyxQBnE-00063-00019551-00019903 infrastructure to
_BknTyxQBnE-00064-00019904-00020199 take advantage of that infrastructure to
_BknTyxQBnE-00065-00020200-00020294 deploy
_BknTyxQBnE-00066-00020295-00020647 fiber optic cables across the country
_BknTyxQBnE-00067-00020648-00020983 and so far we have
_BknTyxQBnE-00068-00020984-00021335 fiber connecting all the districts
_BknTyxQBnE-00069-00021336-00021655 in the country and going down
_BknTyxQBnE-00070-00021656-00022030 to connecting 201 of those 205
_BknTyxQBnE-00071-00022031-00022478 sub districts leveraging on this
_BknTyxQBnE-00072-00022479-00022694 infrastructure which we provide free of
_BknTyxQBnE-00073-00022695-00022863 cost to our
_BknTyxQBnE-00074-00022864-00023255 telcos and our isps we have
_BknTyxQBnE-00075-00023256-00023591 significantly enhanced our
_BknTyxQBnE-00076-00023592-00023935 mobile connectivity and we provided
_BknTyxQBnE-00077-00023936-00024294 at uh relatively uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00078-00024295-00024678 affordable pricing i think uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00079-00024679-00025086 according to the itu we are
_BknTyxQBnE-00080-00025087-00025383 one of very few ldcs that have achieved
_BknTyxQBnE-00081-00025384-00025486 the target for
_BknTyxQBnE-00082-00025487-00025846 affordability uh in terms of um
_BknTyxQBnE-00083-00025847-00026190 in internet connectivity um
_BknTyxQBnE-00084-00026191-00026527 we also have a a very big
_BknTyxQBnE-00085-00026527-00026823 uh rural populace and because of that we
_BknTyxQBnE-00086-00026824-00027183 have
_BknTyxQBnE-00087-00027183-00027502 to facilitate with access to the
_BknTyxQBnE-00088-00027504-00027655 internet we have
_BknTyxQBnE-00089-00027656-00028014 focused on uh community centers
_BknTyxQBnE-00090-00028016-00028335 that uh that assists
_BknTyxQBnE-00091-00028336-00028743 in access to to online services and
_BknTyxQBnE-00092-00028744-00028983 to the internet itself so we have about
_BknTyxQBnE-00093-00028983-00029079 200
_BknTyxQBnE-00094-00029080-00029462 community centers so far
_BknTyxQBnE-00095-00029463-00029790 we have also focused on uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00096-00029791-00030118 uh transforming our government systems
_BknTyxQBnE-00097-00030119-00030151 to
_BknTyxQBnE-00098-00030152-00030462 online services
_BknTyxQBnE-00099-00030463-00030774 and uh so far we have uh over
_BknTyxQBnE-00100-00030775-00031183 uh 200 uh or 9g2c services
_BknTyxQBnE-00101-00031183-00031262 and
_BknTyxQBnE-00102-00031263-00031639 [Music]
_BknTyxQBnE-00103-00031639-00032031 we've been actually able to leverage
_BknTyxQBnE-00104-00032032-00032446 ws wso2's
_BknTyxQBnE-00105-00032447-00032807 the
_BknTyxQBnE-00106-00032808-00033271 the integration platform to
_BknTyxQBnE-00107-00033272-00033639 actually enable us to share
_BknTyxQBnE-00108-00033640-00033967 data across different systems to provide
_BknTyxQBnE-00109-00033968-00034260 these online services
_BknTyxQBnE-00110-00034261-00034502 [Music]
_BknTyxQBnE-00111-00034503-00034862 moving looking ahead what we see
_BknTyxQBnE-00112-00034863-00035279 is while we have
_BknTyxQBnE-00113-00035280-00035630 um some online services uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00114-00035631-00036007 which which have uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00115-00036008-00036318 fairly good usage uh there are certain
_BknTyxQBnE-00116-00036319-00036390 limitations
_BknTyxQBnE-00117-00036391-00036695 uh for example
_BknTyxQBnE-00118-00036696-00036983 in terms of legality of applying for
_BknTyxQBnE-00119-00036984-00037118 online services
_BknTyxQBnE-00120-00037119-00037671 there is a need to to authenticate
_BknTyxQBnE-00121-00037672-00038030 citizens and residents
_BknTyxQBnE-00122-00038031-00038430 online so that people can apply
_BknTyxQBnE-00123-00038431-00038902 services end to end
_BknTyxQBnE-00124-00038903-00039367 and therefore we are focusing on
_BknTyxQBnE-00125-00039368-00039702 by 2023 in fact uh much
_BknTyxQBnE-00126-00039703-00040023 earlier to that by 20
_BknTyxQBnE-00127-00040024-00040343 most likely by sometime by 2021 uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00128-00040344-00040679 to roll out a national digital identity
_BknTyxQBnE-00129-00040680-00040846 which would enable us
_BknTyxQBnE-00130-00040847-00041279 to provide services end-to-end online
_BknTyxQBnE-00131-00041280-00041740 we are also focusing on
_BknTyxQBnE-00132-00041741-00041974 [Music]
_BknTyxQBnE-00133-00041975-00042374 a complete digital
_BknTyxQBnE-00134-00042375-00042774 transformation and inspired by
_BknTyxQBnE-00135-00042775-00043135 his majesties his majesty the king's
_BknTyxQBnE-00136-00043136-00043535 vision to make bhutan a technology
_BknTyxQBnE-00137-00043536-00043967 enabled and driven country
_BknTyxQBnE-00138-00043968-00044318 we've even introduced
_BknTyxQBnE-00139-00044319-00044655 ict and programming
_BknTyxQBnE-00140-00044656-00044958 as a mandatory subject in all our public
_BknTyxQBnE-00141-00044959-00045055 schools
_BknTyxQBnE-00142-00045056-00045367 and to facilitate that we will also be
_BknTyxQBnE-00143-00045368-00045718 uh focusing on uh significantly
_BknTyxQBnE-00144-00045719-00045855 enhancing our
_BknTyxQBnE-00145-00045856-00046230 connectivity uh we are taking uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00146-00046231-00046423 fiber optic connections to all our
_BknTyxQBnE-00147-00046424-00046671 schools hospitals etc
_BknTyxQBnE-00148-00046672-00047015 and uh of course uh the
_BknTyxQBnE-00149-00047016-00047455 the idea behind uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00150-00047456-00047815 improving uh online services
_BknTyxQBnE-00151-00047816-00048158 is to have end-to-end integrated
_BknTyxQBnE-00152-00048159-00048502 services which i will touch on in
_BknTyxQBnE-00153-00048503-00048807 the next slide so
_BknTyxQBnE-00154-00048808-00049111 in terms of
_BknTyxQBnE-00155-00049112-00049423 in terms of our
_BknTyxQBnE-00156-00049424-00049743 the principles that drive our online
_BknTyxQBnE-00157-00049744-00049846 services
_BknTyxQBnE-00158-00049847-00050279 so we have
_BknTyxQBnE-00159-00050280-00050574 recently also passed our e-governance
_BknTyxQBnE-00160-00050575-00050735 policy
_BknTyxQBnE-00161-00050736-00051071 which focuses largely on firstly
_BknTyxQBnE-00162-00051072-00051470 looking at citizen centric services
_BknTyxQBnE-00163-00051471-00051782 so we're trying trying to transform from
_BknTyxQBnE-00164-00051783-00052087 online services that are focused more
_BknTyxQBnE-00165-00052088-00052438 on the agency
_BknTyxQBnE-00166-00052439-00052766 providing services to
_BknTyxQBnE-00167-00052767-00053191 taking a more citizen centric
_BknTyxQBnE-00168-00053191-00053519 perspective that is
_BknTyxQBnE-00169-00053520-00053919 that ignores you know the the different
_BknTyxQBnE-00170-00053920-00054199 uh government structures and the
_BknTyxQBnE-00171-00054200-00054366 agencies that
_BknTyxQBnE-00172-00054367-00054671 that are involved in delivering services
_BknTyxQBnE-00173-00054672-00055142 and we are largely uh using apis to
_BknTyxQBnE-00174-00055144-00055519 connect services across
_BknTyxQBnE-00175-00055520-00055759 these government agencies the second
_BknTyxQBnE-00176-00055760-00055887 principle is
_BknTyxQBnE-00177-00055888-00056150 we believe that as a small country and
_BknTyxQBnE-00178-00056151-00056247 with
_BknTyxQBnE-00179-00056248-00056638 with a very small populist we need to be
_BknTyxQBnE-00180-00056639-00056950 as efficient as possible and therefore
_BknTyxQBnE-00181-00056951-00057279 this whole of government approach
_BknTyxQBnE-00182-00057279-00057526 rather than having every government
_BknTyxQBnE-00183-00057527-00057623 agency
_BknTyxQBnE-00184-00057624-00057950 uh uh you know um
_BknTyxQBnE-00185-00057951-00058263 deliver uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00186-00058264-00058630 things in in silos uh we take a much
_BknTyxQBnE-00187-00058632-00058703 more
_BknTyxQBnE-00188-00058704-00059207 coordinated approach to ensure that
_BknTyxQBnE-00189-00059208-00059566 that as far as any
_BknTyxQBnE-00190-00059567-00059742 citizen or resident interacts with the
_BknTyxQBnE-00191-00059744-00059884 government
_BknTyxQBnE-00192-00059885-00060047 [Music]
_BknTyxQBnE-00193-00060048-00060342 they they are oblivious of the
_BknTyxQBnE-00194-00060344-00060591 interactions that happen at the back
_BknTyxQBnE-00195-00060591-00060911 and they are provided a much more
_BknTyxQBnE-00196-00060912-00061247 uniform view of the government and we
_BknTyxQBnE-00197-00061248-00061447 also
_BknTyxQBnE-00198-00061448-00061775 focus on
_BknTyxQBnE-00199-00061776-00062111 sharing
_BknTyxQBnE-00200-00062112-00062438 the investments across
_BknTyxQBnE-00201-00062439-00062742 government
_BknTyxQBnE-00202-00062744-00063159 in terms of guided by these
_BknTyxQBnE-00203-00063160-00063511 these core principles what we
_BknTyxQBnE-00204-00063512-00063942 what we will strive to achieve is
_BknTyxQBnE-00205-00063944-00064319 that we transform as many of
_BknTyxQBnE-00206-00064320-00064591 our government services through a
_BknTyxQBnE-00207-00064591-00064726 digital platform
_BknTyxQBnE-00208-00064727-00065063 and therefore digital by default we will
_BknTyxQBnE-00209-00065064-00065238 ensure that
_BknTyxQBnE-00210-00065239-00065623 whatever ict assets that we have
_BknTyxQBnE-00211-00065624-00065903 we will try and share it as far as
_BknTyxQBnE-00212-00065904-00065959 possible
_BknTyxQBnE-00213-00065960-00066271 investments and reuse across
_BknTyxQBnE-00214-00066272-00066599 uh government uh we are also focusing on
_BknTyxQBnE-00215-00066600-00067094 uh single sources of truth in the past
_BknTyxQBnE-00216-00067095-00067455 the way that government agencies would
_BknTyxQBnE-00217-00067456-00067511 function
_BknTyxQBnE-00218-00067512-00067887 would be that they
_BknTyxQBnE-00219-00067888-00068415 function completely as individual
_BknTyxQBnE-00220-00068416-00068735 organizations that collect uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00221-00068736-00069119 data they you know as
_BknTyxQBnE-00222-00069120-00069535 uh required by them so
_BknTyxQBnE-00223-00069536-00069847 the shift now is to try and identify
_BknTyxQBnE-00224-00069848-00070199 um government uh owners of
_BknTyxQBnE-00225-00070200-00070503 data and
_BknTyxQBnE-00226-00070504-00070831 these agencies are responsible for the
_BknTyxQBnE-00227-00070832-00071023 collection management
_BknTyxQBnE-00228-00071024-00071326 and sharing of those that data therefore
_BknTyxQBnE-00229-00071327-00071679 we eliminate the need for
_BknTyxQBnE-00230-00071680-00072047 duplicate you know
_BknTyxQBnE-00231-00072048-00072606 data collection from our residents
_BknTyxQBnE-00232-00072607-00072791 reducing the burden on the citizens as
_BknTyxQBnE-00233-00072792-00072919 well as also
_BknTyxQBnE-00234-00072920-00073167 making the government uh much more
_BknTyxQBnE-00235-00073168-00073311 effective
_BknTyxQBnE-00236-00073312-00073655 in in managing our resources
_BknTyxQBnE-00237-00073656-00073962 of course transitioning to
_BknTyxQBnE-00238-00073963-00074343 a fully uh digital
_BknTyxQBnE-00239-00074344-00074591 country uh information security and
_BknTyxQBnE-00240-00074592-00074750 privacy is also
_BknTyxQBnE-00241-00074751-00074950 extremely uh important and therefore
_BknTyxQBnE-00242-00074951-00075071 there will be
_BknTyxQBnE-00243-00075072-00075599 a lot of focus on um on improving that
_BknTyxQBnE-00244-00075600-00075967 we also realize that a lot of our
_BknTyxQBnE-00245-00075968-00076367 ict initiatives fail largely because
_BknTyxQBnE-00246-00076368-00076703 they are either driven primarily by the
_BknTyxQBnE-00247-00076704-00076791 i.t
_BknTyxQBnE-00248-00076792-00077111 personnel in the organizations and
_BknTyxQBnE-00249-00077112-00077462 because of that a lot of
_BknTyxQBnE-00250-00077463-00077735 requirements and needs are not really
_BknTyxQBnE-00251-00077736-00077791 met
_BknTyxQBnE-00252-00077792-00078159 and therefore um as a policy
_BknTyxQBnE-00253-00078160-00078406 we are moving to briz uh business driven
_BknTyxQBnE-00254-00078407-00078526 initiatives in
_BknTyxQBnE-00255-00078527-00078855 what we mean by that is
_BknTyxQBnE-00256-00078856-00079087 we will not invest in technology for the
_BknTyxQBnE-00257-00079088-00079367 sake of technology itself
_BknTyxQBnE-00258-00079368-00079647 we will do it only if there is a
_BknTyxQBnE-00259-00079648-00079791 business
_BknTyxQBnE-00260-00079792-00080126 need behind it and therefore
_BknTyxQBnE-00261-00080127-00080350 we identify technology to solve business
_BknTyxQBnE-00262-00080351-00080447 problems
_BknTyxQBnE-00263-00080448-00080750 and largely of course we also realized
_BknTyxQBnE-00264-00080751-00081167 that a lot of our investments
_BknTyxQBnE-00265-00081168-00081462 have a problem with sustainability and
_BknTyxQBnE-00266-00081463-00081550 this is
_BknTyxQBnE-00267-00081551-00081926 mainly because we
_BknTyxQBnE-00268-00081927-00082287 we fail to fully uh appreciate the total
_BknTyxQBnE-00269-00082288-00082318 cost
_BknTyxQBnE-00270-00082319-00082591 cost of ownership whenever we make a
_BknTyxQBnE-00271-00082592-00082711 digital
_BknTyxQBnE-00272-00082712-00083015 investment and therefore we
_BknTyxQBnE-00273-00083016-00083382 will now move towards
_BknTyxQBnE-00274-00083383-00083847 any government investment in
_BknTyxQBnE-00275-00083848-00084150 digital projects
_BknTyxQBnE-00276-00084151-00084447 that before the project is approved the
_BknTyxQBnE-00277-00084448-00084511 full
_BknTyxQBnE-00278-00084512-00084703 total cost of ownership assessment is
_BknTyxQBnE-00279-00084704-00085071 carried out
_BknTyxQBnE-00280-00085072-00085399 and moving on to the
_BknTyxQBnE-00281-00085400-00085799 the overall infrastructure in terms of
_BknTyxQBnE-00282-00085800-00086111 how we leverage
_BknTyxQBnE-00283-00086112-00086623 apis powered by wso2's
_BknTyxQBnE-00284-00086624-00087094 enterprise service bus etc
_BknTyxQBnE-00285-00087095-00087406 we are focused on largely uh developing
_BknTyxQBnE-00286-00087407-00087743 data hubs as single sources of truth
_BknTyxQBnE-00287-00087744-00088111 for uh use by different
_BknTyxQBnE-00288-00088112-00088349 government agencies and
_BknTyxQBnE-00289-00088350-00088559 [Music]
_BknTyxQBnE-00290-00088560-00088815 these are this is a slide which kind of
_BknTyxQBnE-00291-00088816-00088894 showcases
_BknTyxQBnE-00292-00088895-00089262 uh some of the uh the main data hubs
_BknTyxQBnE-00293-00089263-00089615 uh that we have identified starting from
_BknTyxQBnE-00294-00089616-00089726 citizen
_BknTyxQBnE-00295-00089727-00090094 land vehicle business information about
_BknTyxQBnE-00296-00090095-00090215 civil servants
_BknTyxQBnE-00297-00090216-00090526 and so on and so forth and uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00298-00090527-00090871 using our national
_BknTyxQBnE-00299-00090872-00091247 data exchange all the
_BknTyxQBnE-00300-00091248-00091711 different systems that we develop
_BknTyxQBnE-00301-00091712-00092079 leverages on the data that from these
_BknTyxQBnE-00302-00092080-00092599 different data hubs
_BknTyxQBnE-00303-00092600-00092959 these are some of the uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00304-00092960-00093318 tools from wso2
_BknTyxQBnE-00305-00093319-00093831 as you can see focusing largely on api
_BknTyxQBnE-00306-00093832-00094231 enabling or of apis
_BknTyxQBnE-00307-00094232-00094687 uh we also use wso2's identity server
_BknTyxQBnE-00308-00094688-00095094 to provide a single
_BknTyxQBnE-00309-00095095-00095423 access platform so that
_BknTyxQBnE-00310-00095424-00095599 citizens don't need to keep on
_BknTyxQBnE-00311-00095600-00095879 registering uh again and again when they
_BknTyxQBnE-00312-00095880-00096217 access their services
_BknTyxQBnE-00313-00096218-00096374 [Music]
_BknTyxQBnE-00314-00096375-00096606 so in terms of the current status in
_BknTyxQBnE-00315-00096607-00096718 terms of
_BknTyxQBnE-00316-00096719-00097055 the different apis that we have
_BknTyxQBnE-00317-00097056-00097374 so far we have about seven
_BknTyxQBnE-00318-00097375-00097759 common apis this is this is largely used
_BknTyxQBnE-00319-00097760-00097894 across
_BknTyxQBnE-00320-00097895-00098215 all the government systems
_BknTyxQBnE-00321-00098216-00098599 uh as as we uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00322-00098600-00098855 developed uh and got more experience
_BknTyxQBnE-00323-00098856-00099087 with
_BknTyxQBnE-00324-00099088-00099423 with how we could use apis
_BknTyxQBnE-00325-00099424-00099735 in government we realize that
_BknTyxQBnE-00326-00099736-00100047 most of the government systems could
_BknTyxQBnE-00327-00100048-00100087 also
_BknTyxQBnE-00328-00100088-00100438 potentially act as some
_BknTyxQBnE-00329-00100439-00100759 minor data hubs because
_BknTyxQBnE-00330-00100760-00101103 the need for information sharing across
_BknTyxQBnE-00331-00101104-00101247 government
_BknTyxQBnE-00332-00101248-00101615 became very apparent and this was
_BknTyxQBnE-00333-00101616-00102047 even more apparent during this
_BknTyxQBnE-00334-00102048-00102439 corporate pandemic when
_BknTyxQBnE-00335-00102440-00102758 we had to develop
_BknTyxQBnE-00336-00102759-00103142 a lot of new systems
_BknTyxQBnE-00337-00103143-00103447 and we needed to develop these systems
_BknTyxQBnE-00338-00103448-00103751 in the shortest time and
_BknTyxQBnE-00339-00103752-00103975 we realized that we already have a lot
_BknTyxQBnE-00340-00103976-00104310 of
_BknTyxQBnE-00341-00104311-00104558 assets a lot of data that already
_BknTyxQBnE-00342-00104559-00104630 existed in
_BknTyxQBnE-00343-00104631-00104934 many of our government systems so
_BknTyxQBnE-00344-00104935-00105302 using this this infrastructure we were
_BknTyxQBnE-00345-00105303-00105366 able to
_BknTyxQBnE-00346-00105367-00105823 actually develop a lot of systems
_BknTyxQBnE-00347-00105824-00106158 this is some statistics in terms of
_BknTyxQBnE-00348-00106159-00106575 how our citizens
_BknTyxQBnE-00349-00106576-00106895 access services and
_BknTyxQBnE-00350-00106896-00107158 in terms of the api calls you could see
_BknTyxQBnE-00351-00107159-00107286 that
_BknTyxQBnE-00352-00107288-00107663 our land service is quite
_BknTyxQBnE-00353-00107664-00107886 is the most popular and we also of
_BknTyxQBnE-00354-00107888-00107983 course have
_BknTyxQBnE-00355-00107983-00108334 access to our citizen
_BknTyxQBnE-00356-00108335-00108799 data hub through our apis uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00357-00108800-00109158 so talking talking about uh how uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00358-00109159-00109519 having this api platform
_BknTyxQBnE-00359-00109520-00109878 how it helped us so
_BknTyxQBnE-00360-00109879-00110383 we had to develop a lot of systems
_BknTyxQBnE-00361-00110383-00110751 so the central gis dashboard is
_BknTyxQBnE-00362-00110752-00111302 a system that provided
_BknTyxQBnE-00363-00111303-00111654 a lot of information
_BknTyxQBnE-00364-00111655-00111983 to the decision makers in terms of
_BknTyxQBnE-00365-00111983-00112390 what was happening on the ground and
_BknTyxQBnE-00366-00112391-00112599 we were able to provide this real-time
_BknTyxQBnE-00367-00112600-00112807 access to
_BknTyxQBnE-00368-00112808-00113134 data by connecting transactional
_BknTyxQBnE-00369-00113135-00113415 systems on the ground and we were able
_BknTyxQBnE-00370-00113416-00113623 to consolidate this information
_BknTyxQBnE-00371-00113624-00113951 using apis and combining it with
_BknTyxQBnE-00372-00113952-00114407 a a gis dashboard
_BknTyxQBnE-00373-00114408-00114799 providing location-based information
_BknTyxQBnE-00374-00114800-00115175 and this was uh extremely useful
_BknTyxQBnE-00375-00115176-00115534 uh during the uh during the
_BknTyxQBnE-00376-00115535-00115895 the covet uh pandemic and we believe
_BknTyxQBnE-00377-00115896-00116031 that it will also
_BknTyxQBnE-00378-00116032-00116334 uh prove to be an extremely useful tool
_BknTyxQBnE-00379-00116335-00116407 for
_BknTyxQBnE-00380-00116408-00116815 decision making as we move forward
_BknTyxQBnE-00381-00116816-00117090 we also had to build
_BknTyxQBnE-00382-00117091-00117286 [Music]
_BknTyxQBnE-00383-00117288-00117671 a number of systems which needed to be
_BknTyxQBnE-00384-00117672-00118007 quickly patched up you know
_BknTyxQBnE-00385-00118008-00118375 and uh and we would
_BknTyxQBnE-00386-00118376-00118534 we would not have been able to do that
_BknTyxQBnE-00387-00118535-00118902 if we didn't actually have a robust uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00388-00118903-00119175 api platform which enabled us to quickly
_BknTyxQBnE-00389-00119176-00119278 access
_BknTyxQBnE-00390-00119279-00119623 the existing um
_BknTyxQBnE-00391-00119624-00120095 government systems that we had so we are
_BknTyxQBnE-00392-00120096-00120271 we were actually able to do that because
_BknTyxQBnE-00393-00120272-00120431 of the
_BknTyxQBnE-00394-00120432-00120775 the platform that we have uh
_BknTyxQBnE-00395-00120776-00121054 so i'll cut i think that's all i have
_BknTyxQBnE-00396-00121055-00121151 for
_BknTyxQBnE-00397-00121152-00121503 in terms of my presentation
_CfRL3k19A8-00000-00000399-00001511 [Music]
_CfRL3k19A8-00001-00001512-00001759 heart stops beating i'm feeding this
_CfRL3k19A8-00002-00001760-00001926 demon
_CfRL3k19A8-00003-00001927-00002191 got a taste can't arrange bitterness in
_CfRL3k19A8-00004-00002192-00002447 my face work a job every day till your
_CfRL3k19A8-00005-00002448-00002695 dreams fade away like a card never
_CfRL3k19A8-00006-00002696-00003192 change play the game that we say
_CfRL3k19A8-00007-00003193-00003799 [Music]
_CfRL3k19A8-00008-00003800-00004038 [Applause]
_CfRL3k19A8-00009-00004039-00004351 need to move on to be what i want i'll
_CfRL3k19A8-00010-00004352-00004757 keep dreaming
_CfRL3k19A8-00011-00004758-00007110 [Music]
_CfRL3k19A8-00012-00007111-00007246 song when i chase like that yeah i play
_CfRL3k19A8-00013-00007247-00007391 so strong with a knife in the back i'm a
_CfRL3k19A8-00014-00007392-00007551 swing home run like a baseball bat gonna
_CfRL3k19A8-00015-00007552-00007727 see me rising hate on that i don't play
_CfRL3k19A8-00016-00007728-00007910 both sides doing me no cap i'm a ride no
_CfRL3k19A8-00017-00007911-00008055 doubt with my dreams on tap i'ma fly
_CfRL3k19A8-00018-00008056-00008183 real high you ain't seen me slack no
_CfRL3k19A8-00019-00008184-00008319 it's not how you fall so you get right
_CfRL3k19A8-00020-00008320-00008471 back up that's how you get tough
_CfRL3k19A8-00021-00008472-00008646 calluses on my hands so rough y'all call
_CfRL3k19A8-00022-00008647-00008855 your bluff i'm not the one mess with me
_CfRL3k19A8-00023-00008856-00009014 come out with none because i'm so done
_CfRL3k19A8-00024-00009015-00009151 you had your fun and now you're gonna
_CfRL3k19A8-00025-00009152-00009271 face down the barrel of the gun cause i
_CfRL3k19A8-00026-00009272-00009431 got a full clip put your name on it but
_CfRL3k19A8-00027-00009432-00009567 i'ma let you die cause you ain't worth
_CfRL3k19A8-00028-00009568-00009903 it the time stands strong need to move
_CfRL3k19A8-00029-00009904-00010271 on to be what i want i'll keep dreaming
_CfRL3k19A8-00030-00010272-00010591 time to stay strong need to move on to
_CfRL3k19A8-00031-00010592-00011198 be what i want i'll keep dreaming
_CfRL3k19A8-00032-00011199-00012606 [Music]
_CfRL3k19A8-00033-00012607-00013232 i wanna be great
_CfRL3k19A8-00034-00013233-00014879 [Music]
_CfRL3k19A8-00035-00014880-00015080 so
_CfRL3k19A8-00036-00015081-00016215 [Music]
_CfRL3k19A8-00037-00016216-00016423 you
_DFyGERw-pY-00000-00000070-00000377 hello and welcome to math 214
_DFyGERw-pY-00001-00000378-00000632 introduction to MATLAB I'm Professor
_DFyGERw-pY-00002-00000633-00000794 Dina Yaga ditch and I'll be working with
_DFyGERw-pY-00003-00000795-00001049 you this semester this is a j-term
_DFyGERw-pY-00004-00001050-00001307 course so it's a very very condensed
_DFyGERw-pY-00005-00001308-00001556 class it's normally a five-week class
_DFyGERw-pY-00006-00001557-00001798 but this is only two weeks and it's a
_DFyGERw-pY-00007-00001800-00002012 whole credit so you're gonna be working
_DFyGERw-pY-00008-00002013-00002201 on this class every single day in the
_DFyGERw-pY-00009-00002202-00002414 next two weeks well we're a little lucky
_DFyGERw-pY-00010-00002415-00002615 this semester with Martin Luther King
_DFyGERw-pY-00011-00002616-00002902 and two extra Sundays put in we actually
_DFyGERw-pY-00012-00002903-00003260 have I believe 23 or 24 days so let's
_DFyGERw-pY-00013-00003261-00003454 see how much we can cram into those two
_DFyGERw-pY-00014-00003455-00003851 and a half weeks let's go so when you
_DFyGERw-pY-00015-00003852-00004036 first log into the class they'll show
_DFyGERw-pY-00016-00004037-00004336 something like this hopefully you'll
_DFyGERw-pY-00017-00004337-00004526 already have an announcement or two in
_DFyGERw-pY-00018-00004527-00004802 the main announcement window but on the
_DFyGERw-pY-00019-00004803-00004958 left-hand side these are some pretty
_DFyGERw-pY-00020-00004959-00005213 important buttons FCC general
_DFyGERw-pY-00021-00005214-00005486 information this is we're going to find
_DFyGERw-pY-00022-00005487-00005779 a lot of useful information academic
_DFyGERw-pY-00023-00005780-00006034 support services information about the
_DFyGERw-pY-00024-00006035-00006302 bookstore of course this course does not
_DFyGERw-pY-00025-00006303-00006550 require any textbook it does require
_DFyGERw-pY-00026-00006551-00006770 MATLAB and I'll talk about that in a
_DFyGERw-pY-00027-00006770-00007003 little bit but there is a trial version
_DFyGERw-pY-00028-00007004-00007319 you can use through MATLAB or you can
_DFyGERw-pY-00029-00007320-00007720 come on campus to be 214 and use the
_DFyGERw-pY-00030-00007722-00007867 computers there that have MATLAB
_DFyGERw-pY-00031-00007868-00008159 installed on it if you need help with
_DFyGERw-pY-00032-00008159-00008345 blackboard or need a tutorial in
_DFyGERw-pY-00033-00008346-00008549 blackboard that information is there as
_DFyGERw-pY-00034-00008550-00008783 well as some information about me as
_DFyGERw-pY-00035-00008784-00008987 your professor but what you're really
_DFyGERw-pY-00036-00008988-00009203 gonna do when you first start this class
_DFyGERw-pY-00037-00009204-00009395 in fact you would have already had to do
_DFyGERw-pY-00038-00009396-00009605 that to see this video is click on the
_DFyGERw-pY-00039-00009606-00009835 start here button and these are all the
_DFyGERw-pY-00040-00009836-00010099 things that you need to do before
_DFyGERw-pY-00041-00010100-00010342 starting the class the syllabus is here
_DFyGERw-pY-00042-00010343-00010585 the very important academic honesty
_DFyGERw-pY-00043-00010586-00010963 pledges here I take cheating very very
_DFyGERw-pY-00044-00010964-00011291 seriously I have had instances in this
_DFyGERw-pY-00045-00011292-00011528 class or there has been cheating I keep
_DFyGERw-pY-00046-00011529-00011692 a sharp eye out for it
_DFyGERw-pY-00047-00011693-00011960 please only submit your own work it is
_DFyGERw-pY-00048-00011961-00012278 fine to work together in groups but any
_DFyGERw-pY-00049-00012279-00012617 code you upload has to be your own code
_DFyGERw-pY-00050-00012618-00012890 information on how to download MATLAB is
_DFyGERw-pY-00051-00012891-00013163 also in this module as well as
_DFyGERw-pY-00052-00013163-00013436 instructions on how to view instructor
_DFyGERw-pY-00053-00013437-00013675 feedback when I'm grading quizzes and
_DFyGERw-pY-00054-00013676-00013955 projects I put in very specific feedback
_DFyGERw-pY-00055-00013956-00014230 to your particular solution in
_DFyGERw-pY-00056-00014231-00014519 particular for module B a lot of those
_DFyGERw-pY-00057-00014519-00014803 skills go into module C so if you don't
_DFyGERw-pY-00058-00014804-00015019 go back and review those comments I've
_DFyGERw-pY-00059-00015020-00015211 made for you you're gonna be making the
_DFyGERw-pY-00060-00015212-00015461 same mistakes again in the next sections
_DFyGERw-pY-00061-00015462-00015824 also under here is the syllabus and the
_DFyGERw-pY-00062-00015825-00016043 calendar I have it both in the PDF form
_DFyGERw-pY-00063-00016044-00016261 as well as the word document and our
_DFyGERw-pY-00064-00016262-00016480 syllabus is basically the contract
_DFyGERw-pY-00065-00016481-00016708 between you and I on what is expected
_DFyGERw-pY-00066-00016709-00016975 this semester on that is the last day to
_DFyGERw-pY-00067-00016976-00017228 withdraw which is January 17th what
_DFyGERw-pY-00068-00017229-00017500 we'll be learning in this class as well
_DFyGERw-pY-00069-00017501-00017717 as how your grade will be calculated
_DFyGERw-pY-00070-00017718-00017927 there'll be four projects one with each
_DFyGERw-pY-00071-00017928-00018203 module and there will be four discussion
_DFyGERw-pY-00072-00018204-00018433 board questions those will be 2% each
_DFyGERw-pY-00073-00018434-00018655 and then there'll be quizzes in each of
_DFyGERw-pY-00074-00018656-00018905 the different modules those quizzes are
_DFyGERw-pY-00075-00018906-00019114 equally weighted that is even if one
_DFyGERw-pY-00076-00019115-00019336 quiz is worth six points and one quiz is
_DFyGERw-pY-00077-00019337-00019616 worth eight points each quiz grade is
_DFyGERw-pY-00078-00019617-00019880 weighted equally in that final quiz
_DFyGERw-pY-00079-00019881-00020165 grade most classes I'm pretty particular
_DFyGERw-pY-00080-00020166-00020528 about due dates for a two-week j-term
_DFyGERw-pY-00081-00020529-00020797 class I'm very particular we are not
_DFyGERw-pY-00082-00020798-00020978 going to have late assignments because
_DFyGERw-pY-00083-00020979-00021322 you will not be able to catch up so keep
_DFyGERw-pY-00084-00021323-00021556 an eye on the schedule keep in mind that
_DFyGERw-pY-00085-00021557-00021730 every two to three days generally
_DFyGERw-pY-00086-00021731-00021980 something is due normally I say email be
_DFyGERw-pY-00087-00021981-00022217 responded to within 24 hours and in a
_DFyGERw-pY-00088-00022218-00022436 typical class I would give myself a few
_DFyGERw-pY-00089-00022437-00022646 days to do grading however this is a
_DFyGERw-pY-00090-00022647-00022894 very short j-term class so I guarantee
_DFyGERw-pY-00091-00022895-00023002 that unless something catastrophic
_DFyGERw-pY-00092-00023003-00023321 happens your questions and your quizzes
_DFyGERw-pY-00093-00023322-00023530 and projects will be graded within a day
_DFyGERw-pY-00094-00023531-00023800 email I check several times a day and
_DFyGERw-pY-00095-00023801-00024008 unless it's in the middle of the night
_DFyGERw-pY-00096-00024009-00024211 you'll generally hear from me within a
_DFyGERw-pY-00097-00024212-00024508 few hours in addition to the syllabus we
_DFyGERw-pY-00098-00024509-00024740 can also look at the course schedule so
_DFyGERw-pY-00099-00024741-00024922 you can see our first due date is the
_DFyGERw-pY-00100-00024923-00025200 second day of class followed by the
_DFyGERw-pY-00101-00025201-00025528 second due date just a few days after
_DFyGERw-pY-00102-00025529-00025744 that so keep in mind all the due dates
_DFyGERw-pY-00103-00025745-00026056 are 11:59 p.m. so that's a minute before
_DFyGERw-pY-00104-00026057-00026324 midnight but if you email me questions
_DFyGERw-pY-00105-00026325-00026552 at 10 p.m. I'm probably not going to get
_DFyGERw-pY-00106-00026552-00026758 to them in time to answer your question
_DFyGERw-pY-00107-00026759-00026786 so
_DFyGERw-pY-00108-00026787-00026995 be sure to get your questions to me
_DFyGERw-pY-00109-00026997-00027196 early start the assignments as soon as
_DFyGERw-pY-00110-00027197-00027395 you can in fact the whole class will be
_DFyGERw-pY-00111-00027395-00027627 open from the beginning of the semester
_DFyGERw-pY-00112-00027629-00027865 so if you want to get a head start on
_DFyGERw-pY-00113-00027866-00028085 things that's wonderful I'm happy to
_DFyGERw-pY-00114-00028086-00028298 have you do that I am making one
_DFyGERw-pY-00115-00028299-00028514 exception the class officially ends
_DFyGERw-pY-00116-00028514-00028945 Tuesday January 22nd but again there's a
_DFyGERw-pY-00117-00028947-00029348 lot to cram into this shortened class so
_DFyGERw-pY-00118-00029349-00029537 I'm going to have that last project due
_DFyGERw-pY-00119-00029538-00029795 the Wednesday the day after the official
_DFyGERw-pY-00120-00029795-00030064 day of class but it's going to be due at
_DFyGERw-pY-00121-00030066-00030337 5:00 p.m. instead of 11:59 and that's
_DFyGERw-pY-00122-00030338-00030527 because I have to turnaround grades and
_DFyGERw-pY-00123-00030527-00030704 get them completed by 10:00 a.m. the
_DFyGERw-pY-00124-00030705-00030860 next morning and that gives me enough
_DFyGERw-pY-00125-00030861-00031127 time to complete the grades so you can
_DFyGERw-pY-00126-00031127-00031327 see there are four separate modules if
_DFyGERw-pY-00127-00031328-00031540 you click on the weekly coursework
_DFyGERw-pY-00128-00031541-00031846 you'll see the four modules each module
_DFyGERw-pY-00129-00031847-00032140 starts with its objectives and then a
_DFyGERw-pY-00130-00032141-00032330 checklist for what you're going to be
_DFyGERw-pY-00131-00032331-00032561 doing in that module there'll be quizzes
_DFyGERw-pY-00132-00032562-00032756 there'll be discussion board questions
_DFyGERw-pY-00133-00032757-00032993 and then there'll be videos and these
_DFyGERw-pY-00134-00032994-00033281 video lectures include a word document
_DFyGERw-pY-00135-00033282-00033704 that details the MATLAB code that's used
_DFyGERw-pY-00136-00033705-00033877 in the video because it is sometimes
_DFyGERw-pY-00137-00033878-00034102 difficult to see what's going on in the
_DFyGERw-pY-00138-00034103-00034499 in the screen in the video I also have
_DFyGERw-pY-00139-00034500-00034817 all these videos closed captioned so I
_DFyGERw-pY-00140-00034818-00035036 recommend using the closed captioning
_DFyGERw-pY-00141-00035037-00035219 because it helps it certainly helps me
_DFyGERw-pY-00142-00035220-00035383 follow along what's going on with the
_DFyGERw-pY-00143-00035384-00035743 coding there'll be hints in the text
_DFyGERw-pY-00144-00035744-00035990 part of each video so if you notice when
_DFyGERw-pY-00145-00035991-00036233 video 4 it doesn't tell you how to run
_DFyGERw-pY-00146-00036234-00036412 separate sections in each script file
_DFyGERw-pY-00147-00036413-00036665 but I explain how to do it in the text
_DFyGERw-pY-00148-00036666-00036868 so make sure you read everything I've
_DFyGERw-pY-00149-00036869-00037067 typed there and at the end of each
_DFyGERw-pY-00150-00037068-00037337 module there's a project so generally
_DFyGERw-pY-00151-00037338-00037552 the quizzes and discussion boards and
_DFyGERw-pY-00152-00037553-00037754 I'm expecting you to watch the videos or
_DFyGERw-pY-00153-00037755-00038137 do like the first due date is Saturday
_DFyGERw-pY-00154-00038138-00038533 at 11:59 p.m. and then the next do date
_DFyGERw-pY-00155-00038534-00038912 is when the project itself is due so for
_DFyGERw-pY-00156-00038913-00039202 this first module you'll need to finish
_DFyGERw-pY-00157-00039203-00039443 all the quizzes and watch the videos by
_DFyGERw-pY-00158-00039444-00039770 January 5th at 11:59 p.m. and that
_DFyGERw-pY-00159-00039771-00040172 project is then do the Tuesday following
_DFyGERw-pY-00160-00040173-00040448 at 11:59 p.m. and it uses the skills
_DFyGERw-pY-00161-00040449-00040664 that we've gone through with the videos
_DFyGERw-pY-00162-00040665-00040916 and the quizzes if you haven't had any
_DFyGERw-pY-00163-00040917-00041195 programming experience this can be a
_DFyGERw-pY-00164-00041196-00041438 very challenging course but it is doable
_DFyGERw-pY-00165-00041439-00041738 and having solid MATLAB skills really
_DFyGERw-pY-00166-00041739-00041885 will help you and your four-year
_DFyGERw-pY-00167-00041886-00042113 experience whatever college you're going
_DFyGERw-pY-00168-00042114-00042344 after this I know College Park and UMBC
_DFyGERw-pY-00169-00042345-00042686 both expect you to know MATLAB so if
_DFyGERw-pY-00170-00042687-00042887 you're struggling with some of them even
_DFyGERw-pY-00171-00042888-00043031 the things that you think are basic
_DFyGERw-pY-00172-00043032-00043271 please don't hesitate to email me that
_DFyGERw-pY-00173-00043272-00043553 is my job I'm not coming into class and
_DFyGERw-pY-00174-00043554-00043750 I'm not lecturing in front of you I'm
_DFyGERw-pY-00175-00043751-00044078 solely here to help you get through the
_DFyGERw-pY-00176-00044079-00044375 material so if you're stuck please send
_DFyGERw-pY-00177-00044376-00044693 me an email I'm happy to help and with
_DFyGERw-pY-00178-00044694-00044909 that I look forward to working with you
_DFyGERw-pY-00179-00044910-00045134 this semester and jump right in and get
_DFyGERw-pY-00180-00045135-00045359 to work
_FNV0Xj3evY-00000-00000000-00000323 one recommendation we would have for any
_FNV0Xj3evY-00001-00000324-00000586 pet with a new or any client with a new
_FNV0Xj3evY-00002-00000587-00000817 pet would be to just simply bring in
_FNV0Xj3evY-00003-00000818-00001033 their pet to get a feel for the clinic
_FNV0Xj3evY-00004-00001034-00001244 prior to their first exam whether that's
_FNV0Xj3evY-00005-00001245-00001394 just simply to come in to become
_FNV0Xj3evY-00006-00001395-00001684 familiar with the surroundings to simply
_FNV0Xj3evY-00007-00001685-00001984 get a weight on your pet just to just
_FNV0Xj3evY-00008-00001985-00002255 for them to get a feel for what is going
_FNV0Xj3evY-00009-00002256-00002447 on in the clinic what may be expected of
_FNV0Xj3evY-00010-00002448-00002683 them when they come in versus the first
_FNV0Xj3evY-00011-00002684-00002816 time they're coming in they're coming in
_FNV0Xj3evY-00012-00002817-00002963 to get shots or they're coming in
_FNV0Xj3evY-00013-00002964-00003170 because they're sick it's just a good
_FNV0Xj3evY-00014-00003171-00003340 idea to get them as comfortable as they
_FNV0Xj3evY-00015-00003342-00003565 can with their surroundings prior to
_FNV0Xj3evY-00016-00003567-00003932 come in for their first exam
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00000-00000003-00000214 hi guys girls i briefed man and I wanted
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00001-00000215-00000446 to show you a new heater that I've got
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00002-00000447-00000530 the finnex
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00003-00000531-00000902 th zero five zero zero s which is a 500
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00004-00000902-00001154 watt titanium heater and see it here in
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00005-00001155-00001423 the middle it comes in a plastic cover I
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00006-00001424-00001839 am still looking at my Triton reports
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00007-00001841-00002216 you can see that the tin is still high
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00008-00002217-00002567 it's actually went up since my last test
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00009-00002568-00002831 but more concerning is now I have some
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00010-00002832-00003155 copper as well in my tank and I'm not
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00011-00003156-00003336 sure where that copper is coming from I
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00012-00003338-00003683 haven't found any smoking gun culprit
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00013-00003684-00004040 yet what I did find is that my existing
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00014-00004040-00004225 heater and fo yogur
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00015-00004226-00004477 glass here like I think most of you have
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00016-00004478-00004876 it's a 300 watt glass heater it has some
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00017-00004877-00005417 condensation in it I don't know if this
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00018-00005418-00005497 is normal
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00019-00005498-00005893 the reports online seem to say it might
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00020-00005894-00006104 be might just be oil they use in the
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00021-00006105-00006356 manufacturing process and I don't notice
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00022-00006357-00006527 any corrosion at the bottom I've
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00023-00006528-00006817 definitely seen some of these heaters
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00024-00006818-00007078 break and then they get water in it and
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00025-00007079-00007370 then major corrosion in the coils and I
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00026-00007370-00007733 don't see that in this one but I don't
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00027-00007734-00007931 know if this is getting the water in and
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00028-00007931-00008258 then out as it heats and cools down so
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00029-00008259-00008428 we're gonna replace it just out of
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00030-00008429-00008705 safety and to try to get rid of the
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00031-00008706-00009017 copper in the tank so I've always used
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00032-00009018-00009217 these MO yogurt heaters they have a
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00033-00009218-00009455 bunch of circuitry at the top as you
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00034-00009456-00009649 know you can set on the top of them so
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00035-00009650-00009871 where I'm holding it you can set at the
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00036-00009872-00010142 top and then tell it to turn on at 80
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00037-00010143-00010342 degrees or whatever and keep your tank
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00038-00010343-00010606 at 80 degrees these heaters don't have a
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00039-00010607-00010742 thermostat in them so they're much
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00040-00010743-00010933 simpler there's less to break in them
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00041-00010934-00011180 the uh buggers they have all the
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00042-00011181-00011351 circuitry at the top then the heating
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00043-00011352-00011591 element through the bottom so we'll get
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00044-00011592-00011756 rid of that I'm gonna show you the new
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00045-00011757-00012331 heaters so the difference here is that
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00046-00012332-00012646 the finnex heaters don't have any
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00047-00012647-00012988 circuitry in them they are purely a
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00048-00012989-00013229 heating element it's a titanium tube
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00049-00013230-00013405 capped at both ends
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00050-00013406-00013830 with a rubber cap hopefully watertight
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00051-00013831-00014050 but there's nothing to break in it if
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00052-00014051-00014287 the outlet that you plug them into just
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00053-00014288-00014572 a three prong grounded outlet if the
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00054-00014573-00014970 outlet is on then the heater is on and
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00055-00014971-00015256 hopefully this being titanium won't
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00056-00015257-00015619 corrode it does come in a plastic guard
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00057-00015620-00015964 for it so that fish don't sleep against
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00058-00015965-00016172 it or something like that the guard is
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00059-00016172-00016553 just held on with clips and I just
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00060-00016554-00016750 removed one to show you what the heating
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00061-00016751-00017125 element actually looks like there's a
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00062-00017126-00017336 smaller version of this there's also a
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00063-00017337-00017792 larger version of this this one is rated
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00064-00017793-00018167 for our 70 to 130 gallons of water
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00065-00018168-00018556 volume my tank is about 280 total
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00066-00018557-00018850 gallons of water in volume with a sump
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00067-00018851-00019199 and the tank so I bought two but they
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00068-00019200-00019393 are a little bit under sized I like to
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00069-00019394-00019684 undersized my heaters I didn't last time
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00070-00019685-00019892 I had just that one 300 watt but with
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00071-00019893-00020105 the two smaller ones you would get more
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00072-00020106-00020458 safety right if something were to happen
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00073-00020459-00020771 and a normal heater were to stick on a
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00074-00020772-00021040 smaller one isn't going to create as big
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00075-00021041-00021217 of a problem as a bigger heater in your
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00076-00021218-00021424 tank again these don't have thermostats
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00077-00021425-00021580 in them so you need something like a
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00078-00021581-00021897 raincoat temperature controller or a
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00079-00021898-00022202 controller like an apex which is what
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00080-00022203-00022372 I'm going to use to turn the outlet on
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00081-00022373-00022646 and off instead of having the heater
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00082-00022647-00023005 turn itself on and off that said these
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00083-00023006-00023299 do have some safety features inside them
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00084-00023300-00023575 they have a sensor to detect if you're
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00085-00023576-00023749 running it out of water if you're
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00086-00023750-00023893 running it out of water rather than
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00087-00023894-00024118 heating up and melting the plastic who
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00088-00024119-00024358 knows it will turn off and if it does
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00089-00024359-00024617 just completely overheat you plug it in
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00090-00024618-00024752 out of the water and leave it on and
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00091-00024753-00025021 that somehow fails it also has a fuse
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00092-00025022-00025364 inside it that will blow and if that
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00093-00025365-00025537 fuse blows it's not serviceable it's
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00094-00025538-00025690 just going to turn off your heater for
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00095-00025691-00026014 the rest of its life so there's really
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00096-00026015-00026168 not much to say hopefully these will
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00097-00026169-00026365 work well I like that they're titanium
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00098-00026366-00026549 they are pretty heavy they're much
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00099-00026550-00026769 heavier than a normal here
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00100-00026770-00027025 I'm hoping that this will resolve the
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00101-00027026-00027177 copper in my tank and maybe just that
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00102-00027179-00027418 little bit of leakage in and out of my
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00103-00027419-00027795 heater was causing the trouble I'll take
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00104-00027797-00028048 a look at the report it is only one
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00105-00028049-00028227 point oh five or two point oh five
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00106-00028229-00028564 micrograms per liter of copper which is
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00107-00028564-00028876 a very small amount but as we know
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00108-00028877-00029206 copper is very toxic in tanks so better
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00109-00029207-00029358 safe than sorry and let's figure out
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00110-00029360-00029467 where that's coming from
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00111-00029468-00029782 I'm also going to replace my ro/di
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00112-00029783-00030049 membrane and the charcoal filters there
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00113-00030050-00030358 there could be some copper obviously my
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00114-00030358-00030607 house has copper pipes there could be
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00115-00030608-00030915 some copper coming in from the RO water
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00116-00030916-00031105 perhaps and that the membrane is old
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00117-00031106-00031527 which my membrane is then maybe it could
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00118-00031529-00031654 be getting through there so we'll
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00119-00031655-00031849 replace that as well replace the heater
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00120-00031850-00032017 look through all the other pumps that I
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00121-00032018-00032212 have nothing is corroding that I can see
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00122-00032213-00032419 no burst magnets and the vortex that
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00123-00032420-00032695 kind of stuff and the only thing I could
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00124-00032695-00032920 find is that heater so we'll see I'll
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00125-00032921-00033070 let you know we'll do another training
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00126-00033071-00033331 test in a couple weeks so P this was
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00127-00033332-00033585 interesting I'm curious if you have
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00128-00033586-00033856 titanium heaters like this there's a few
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00129-00033857-00034087 different brands this is the the finnex
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00130-00034088-00034399 brand one but yeah good good reviews
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00131-00034400-00034521 we'll see how it goes
_FSkoTZ0fJ4-00132-00034522-00034861 thanks for watching bye
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00000-00000160-00000654 hi guys and welcome back to my channel
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00001-00000655-00001143 if you are new was good if you are a
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00002-00001144-00001877 frequent watcher you know what he's like
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00003-00001878-00002807 not what is wrong I finally got my
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00004-00002808-00003017 camera back I say finally but honestly
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00005-00003018-00003279 it happened way faster than I thought it
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00006-00003279-00003495 would for those of you who don't know I
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00007-00003496-00004145 broke my first camera and I shipped it
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00008-00004146-00004461 to Canon it was under warranty still and
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00009-00004462-00004802 they could not fix it so they shipped me
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00010-00004803-00005058 a brand new one and I'm just grateful
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00011-00005059-00005327 that I didn't have to spend coin I mean
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00012-00005328-00005504 shipping was kind of hefty but it's like
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00013-00005505-00005781 whatever I'd rather spend X amount on
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00014-00005782-00006222 shipping than X times twelve I'm out on
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00015-00006223-00006486 a new camera so I'm not complaining it's
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00016-00006487-00007016 whatever I'm glad to be back back on my
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00017-00007017-00007334 back on it it has been a very
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00018-00007336-00007637 interesting week as you can tell I have
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00019-00007638-00008001 new hair I don't have the jumbo twists
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00020-00008002-00008052 anymore
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00021-00008053-00008510 I love them I took them out they were
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00022-00008511-00008817 nice I just couldn't sleep and they were
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00023-00008818-00008949 actually starting annex mountain because
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00024-00008950-00009074 of how often I had to wear my hair up
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00025-00009075-00009309 for work and it was just pulling them
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00026-00009310-00009441 out so I was just like you know what I
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00027-00009442-00009656 need to get a little more reliable and I
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00028-00009657-00009935 never thought that the box braids life
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00029-00009936-00010287 would be for me but they definitely are
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00030-00010288-00010664 and I'm obsessed so you guys will see my
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00031-00010665-00011003 hair probably in box braids for a very
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00032-00011004-00011559 long time my birthday is tomorrow I mean
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00033-00011560-00011945 by the time you see this video my
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00034-00011946-00012195 birthday would have already happened I
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00035-00012196-00012417 can't freaking wait I mean I'm I'm
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00036-00012418-00012666 literally not doing it I'm working and
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00037-00012667-00012863 I'm probably coming home to chill but
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00038-00012864-00013203 I'll be 23 which makes me closer to 25
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00039-00013204-00013309 which means I
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00040-00013310-00013627 rent a car and traveled the fricking
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00041-00013628-00013921 world soon
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00042-00013922-00014209 not yet but soon - I'm really excited to
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00043-00014210-00014533 be freakin back on YouTube I like didn't
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00044-00014534-00014797 know what to do that my camera oh she's
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00045-00014797-00016174 back she is super cute right now I do
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00046-00016175-00016375 look super cute right now
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00047-00016376-00016971 [Music]
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00048-00016972-00017158 don't know if you guys can see this but
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00049-00017159-00017851 I look fire I am back I am ready to film
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00050-00017852-00018271 I have so guys I have so many freaking
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00051-00018272-00019137 videos in mind you guys have no idea
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00052-00019138-00019558 started that is it for today's video I
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00053-00019559-00019891 hope to see you in the next and that is
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00054-00019892-00019972 pretty much it
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00055-00019973-00020274 bye
_Gs-jq2Hsok-00056-00020275-00020856 [Music]
_IHShAClzgy-00000-00000746-00000928 thank you
_IHShAClzgy-00001-00000930-00001319 hi welcome to the all things lgbtq
_IHShAClzgy-00002-00001320-00001693 interview show where we interview
_IHShAClzgy-00003-00001694-00002026 lgbtq guests who are making important
_IHShAClzgy-00004-00002027-00002375 contributions to our communities
_IHShAClzgy-00005-00002376-00002747 all things lgbtq is taped at Orca media
_IHShAClzgy-00006-00002748-00003034 in Montpelier Vermont which we recognize
_IHShAClzgy-00007-00003035-00003413 as being unseated indigenous land
_IHShAClzgy-00008-00003414-00003835 thanks for joining us and enjoy the show
_IHShAClzgy-00009-00003836-00004115 approximately a year ago
_IHShAClzgy-00010-00004116-00004499 a new Community Center opened in Berry
_IHShAClzgy-00011-00004500-00004697 Rainbow Bridge
_IHShAClzgy-00012-00004698-00004936 and the intention was to create safe
_IHShAClzgy-00013-00004937-00005285 space in very for various groups to need
_IHShAClzgy-00014-00005286-00005693 with a specific Outreach to the lgbtq
_IHShAClzgy-00015-00005694-00005927 plus community
_IHShAClzgy-00016-00005928-00006191 Rainbow Bridge has seen some recent
_IHShAClzgy-00017-00006192-00006431 changes so we thought it might be time
_IHShAClzgy-00018-00006431-00006742 to invite the current executive director
_IHShAClzgy-00019-00006743-00007192 to talk to us about rainbow bridge and
_IHShAClzgy-00020-00007193-00007396 what are the programs and services
_IHShAClzgy-00021-00007397-00007714 they're offering and the vision for the
_IHShAClzgy-00022-00007715-00007846 year ahead
_IHShAClzgy-00023-00007847-00008020 so
_IHShAClzgy-00024-00008022-00008435 help me welcome for a first time
_IHShAClzgy-00025-00008436-00008957 Sean Trader welcome hi thank you Keith
_IHShAClzgy-00026-00008958-00009196 so why don't we start with a little bit
_IHShAClzgy-00027-00009197-00009478 about you you know how did you happen to
_IHShAClzgy-00028-00009479-00009767 be in Vermont
_IHShAClzgy-00029-00009768-00009964 in Barry
_IHShAClzgy-00030-00009965-00010283 and what brought you to Rainbow Bridge
_IHShAClzgy-00031-00010284-00010559 all right yeah so thank you for having
_IHShAClzgy-00032-00010560-00010864 me my name is Sean Trader I am the new
_IHShAClzgy-00033-00010865-00011009 executive director at the Rainbow Bridge
_IHShAClzgy-00034-00011010-00011249 Community Center I'm an out and proud
_IHShAClzgy-00035-00011250-00011567 non-binary trans woman and I use she her
_IHShAClzgy-00036-00011568-00011914 and they pronouns and let's see I've
_IHShAClzgy-00037-00011915-00012127 been in Vermont for about a decade now
_IHShAClzgy-00038-00012128-00012371 I'm a kind of a Florida person
_IHShAClzgy-00039-00012372-00012581 originally I moved around a little bit
_IHShAClzgy-00040-00012582-00012922 but I'm from Clearwater St Pete area in
_IHShAClzgy-00041-00012923-00013222 Florida and how I got here to put it
_IHShAClzgy-00042-00013223-00013444 short is we sold all our belongings
_IHShAClzgy-00043-00013445-00013691 bought a camper and traveled along the
_IHShAClzgy-00044-00013691-00013865 Appalachian Mountains living in state
_IHShAClzgy-00045-00013866-00014086 parks until we found a place that we
_IHShAClzgy-00046-00014087-00014266 thought was beautiful enough to convince
_IHShAClzgy-00047-00014268-00014536 us to stop moving and that was right
_IHShAClzgy-00048-00014537-00014819 here in beautiful Vermont and I'm so
_IHShAClzgy-00049-00014819-00015053 happy to be here
_IHShAClzgy-00050-00015054-00015293 I was going to say you went as far as
_IHShAClzgy-00051-00015294-00015491 you could on the Appalachian Trail until
_IHShAClzgy-00052-00015491-00015877 you ran out of gas and that was Vermont
_IHShAClzgy-00053-00015878-00016375 yeah yes there was some of that too
_IHShAClzgy-00054-00016376-00016619 let's be real here yeah the money
_IHShAClzgy-00055-00016620-00016757 doesn't last forever when you're
_IHShAClzgy-00056-00016758-00016944 traveling like that
_IHShAClzgy-00057-00016945-00017200 so why bear
_IHShAClzgy-00058-00017201-00017633 so I lived for a little bit in
_IHShAClzgy-00059-00017634-00017891 Colchester I lived for five years in
_IHShAClzgy-00060-00017892-00018161 Waterbury and it was about that time
_IHShAClzgy-00061-00018162-00018394 that I was looking to buy my first home
_IHShAClzgy-00062-00018395-00018730 and Barry was affordable and seemed like
_IHShAClzgy-00063-00018731-00019139 a nice area so we did that and we um
_IHShAClzgy-00064-00019140-00019403 settled on the house the day that the
_IHShAClzgy-00065-00019404-00019708 lockdown hit March 25th uh three years
_IHShAClzgy-00066-00019709-00020057 ago so it was a weird time to come into
_IHShAClzgy-00067-00020058-00020249 the city um you know it was like No
_IHShAClzgy-00068-00020250-00020519 Man's Land nobody was out and I felt
_IHShAClzgy-00069-00020520-00020675 like you know I didn't really get to
_IHShAClzgy-00070-00020676-00020867 know anybody for the first year or two
_IHShAClzgy-00071-00020868-00021071 of the pandemic and then once things
_IHShAClzgy-00072-00021072-00021283 started opening up and moving again
_IHShAClzgy-00073-00021284-00021575 during that time period I had come out
_IHShAClzgy-00074-00021576-00021935 as trans and I just wanted to get
_IHShAClzgy-00075-00021936-00022121 involved in my community and find
_IHShAClzgy-00076-00022122-00022294 something to do and give back so I
_IHShAClzgy-00077-00022295-00022619 pretty much found the closest lgbtq
_IHShAClzgy-00078-00022620-00022822 non-profit that I could and walked in
_IHShAClzgy-00079-00022823-00023027 and said I want to volunteer to help out
_IHShAClzgy-00080-00023028-00023333 with your next event and and that led to
_IHShAClzgy-00081-00023334-00023422 me
_IHShAClzgy-00082-00023423-00023627 um being a point person for our first
_IHShAClzgy-00083-00023628-00023908 event in the fall and here we are the
_IHShAClzgy-00084-00023909-00024211 rest is history as they say
_IHShAClzgy-00085-00024212-00024493 Okay so
_IHShAClzgy-00086-00024494-00024778 stepping into the role of executive
_IHShAClzgy-00087-00024779-00025036 director that's quite the transition
_IHShAClzgy-00088-00025037-00025289 from volunteering to help organize the
_IHShAClzgy-00089-00025290-00025439 event to
_IHShAClzgy-00090-00025440-00025705 taking over the organization
_IHShAClzgy-00091-00025706-00026011 itself so
_IHShAClzgy-00092-00026012-00026320 what are the programs that were already
_IHShAClzgy-00093-00026322-00026735 in place when you stepped into your
_IHShAClzgy-00094-00026736-00026981 current position that you're looking at
_IHShAClzgy-00095-00026982-00027268 continuing yeah
_IHShAClzgy-00096-00027269-00027449 um approaching this role in the way that
_IHShAClzgy-00097-00027450-00027814 I did is kind of in line with my style
_IHShAClzgy-00098-00027816-00028062 I'd like to know
_IHShAClzgy-00099-00028063-00028217 the
_IHShAClzgy-00100-00028218-00028439 I'd like to know the first step I want
_IHShAClzgy-00101-00028439-00028637 to know what my people are going through
_IHShAClzgy-00102-00028638-00028931 when I'm involved in an organization it
_IHShAClzgy-00103-00028932-00029081 matters to me what the front line
_IHShAClzgy-00104-00029082-00029357 workers are dealing with and handling
_IHShAClzgy-00105-00029358-00029740 just as much as the c-suite executives
_IHShAClzgy-00106-00029741-00029968 um because I know that it's in those
_IHShAClzgy-00107-00029969-00030257 front line people that's the the brand
_IHShAClzgy-00108-00030258-00030479 is really made and the interactions and
_IHShAClzgy-00109-00030480-00030785 the purpose is really made manifest and
_IHShAClzgy-00110-00030786-00031043 so starting as a volunteer and kind of
_IHShAClzgy-00111-00031044-00031349 moving into this role was important to
_IHShAClzgy-00112-00031350-00031499 me to approach it like that because
_IHShAClzgy-00113-00031500-00031739 there has been a learning curve my
_IHShAClzgy-00114-00031739-00031918 background is Healthcare I've worked in
_IHShAClzgy-00115-00031919-00032207 healthcare for 20 years I was an LNA for
_IHShAClzgy-00116-00032208-00032387 the most part I've worked in every
_IHShAClzgy-00117-00032388-00032627 Department in the hospital and spent
_IHShAClzgy-00118-00032627-00032812 about seven or eight years of
_IHShAClzgy-00119-00032813-00033049 Orthopedics at UVM in South Burlington
_IHShAClzgy-00120-00033050-00033365 and it was there that I decided to go
_IHShAClzgy-00121-00033366-00033461 back to school for healthcare
_IHShAClzgy-00122-00033462-00033721 administration for my graduate degree
_IHShAClzgy-00123-00033722-00034133 and those skills have kind of had some
_IHShAClzgy-00124-00034134-00034402 play with how to run an organization
_IHShAClzgy-00125-00034403-00034709 there's a lot about that I thought I
_IHShAClzgy-00126-00034710-00035087 might be the CEO of a hospital but I am
_IHShAClzgy-00127-00035088-00035346 happy to be the CEO of this place here
_IHShAClzgy-00128-00035347-00035651 the need is great as we know from
_IHShAClzgy-00129-00035652-00035861 looking around the country and in our
_IHShAClzgy-00130-00035862-00036112 community and there's hasn't been
_IHShAClzgy-00131-00036113-00036329 anything more fulfilling in my life than
_IHShAClzgy-00132-00036330-00036515 doing this work right now so I'm super
_IHShAClzgy-00133-00036516-00036635 proud of it
_IHShAClzgy-00134-00036636-00037031 I could say to answer your question
_IHShAClzgy-00135-00037032-00037229 um there was
_IHShAClzgy-00136-00037230-00037481 um the beginnings of a trans group here
_IHShAClzgy-00137-00037482-00037693 there was the beginnings of an adult
_IHShAClzgy-00138-00037694-00038171 lgbtq group here my fantastic
_IHShAClzgy-00139-00038172-00038435 um Stephanie Otten is also on my board
_IHShAClzgy-00140-00038436-00038668 she's fantastic and she started the team
_IHShAClzgy-00141-00038669-00038974 tween group here she has an out child
_IHShAClzgy-00142-00038975-00039257 and wanted to create a resource where
_IHShAClzgy-00143-00039258-00039551 she couldn't find any so those were kind
_IHShAClzgy-00144-00039552-00039827 of the gist of the groups and I'm really
_IHShAClzgy-00145-00039828-00040162 happy to say that because of a big
_IHShAClzgy-00146-00040163-00040535 uptick in volunteer engagement we are
_IHShAClzgy-00147-00040536-00040745 have been able to diversify our
_IHShAClzgy-00148-00040746-00041045 programming extensively so now in
_IHShAClzgy-00149-00041046-00041243 addition to the team tween group we have
_IHShAClzgy-00150-00041244-00041518 a team group the trans non-binary group
_IHShAClzgy-00151-00041519-00041783 has expanded we had 19 people at our
_IHShAClzgy-00152-00041784-00041993 last meeting which if you live in
_IHShAClzgy-00153-00041994-00042124 central Vermont and you're thinking
_IHShAClzgy-00154-00042125-00042340 there's no trans people here think again
_IHShAClzgy-00155-00042341-00042802 we are there we are here
_IHShAClzgy-00156-00042803-00043162 um we also in order to reach out to the
_IHShAClzgy-00157-00043163-00043505 LG uh people not in the lgbtq community
_IHShAClzgy-00158-00043506-00043727 we have a friends and family support
_IHShAClzgy-00159-00043728-00043990 group so this is kind of like an
_IHShAClzgy-00160-00043991-00044321 allyship 101 group this is for friends
_IHShAClzgy-00161-00044322-00044651 and family of lgbtq folks people
_IHShAClzgy-00162-00044652-00044855 struggling with questions that they have
_IHShAClzgy-00163-00044856-00045227 someone they know maybe they're lgbtq we
_IHShAClzgy-00164-00045228-00045479 had a lot of Outreach from parents
_IHShAClzgy-00165-00045480-00045749 saying help I have a trans child and I
_IHShAClzgy-00166-00045750-00045880 don't know what to do
_IHShAClzgy-00167-00045881-00046133 so if you fall into that category the
_IHShAClzgy-00168-00046134-00046337 friends and family group is what you're
_IHShAClzgy-00169-00046338-00046552 looking for and if you want to be a
_IHShAClzgy-00170-00046553-00046805 strong Ally in general that's the group
_IHShAClzgy-00171-00046806-00046961 you want to come to because we've got
_IHShAClzgy-00172-00046962-00047158 Representatives such as myself and
_IHShAClzgy-00173-00047159-00047621 others who either are parents of lgbtq
_IHShAClzgy-00174-00047622-00047980 kids or they are in some position that
_IHShAClzgy-00175-00047981-00048173 makes them able to speak on that topic
_IHShAClzgy-00176-00048174-00048407 so I really suggest that one
_IHShAClzgy-00177-00048408-00048665 super happy to say that our newest group
_IHShAClzgy-00178-00048666-00049090 is probably the veterans group so Paul
_IHShAClzgy-00179-00049091-00049289 came in here he's a volunteer he's
_IHShAClzgy-00180-00049290-00049673 fantastic he's a veteran and he wants to
_IHShAClzgy-00181-00049674-00050002 make sure that the lgbtq veterans have a
_IHShAClzgy-00182-00050003-00050195 voice in this area and of course we
_IHShAClzgy-00183-00050196-00050483 support him 100 percent and so we have
_IHShAClzgy-00184-00050484-00050879 that group as well and the last group
_IHShAClzgy-00185-00050880-00051095 that we have is these sex positive group
_IHShAClzgy-00186-00051096-00051370 so we have like a a body positivity and
_IHShAClzgy-00187-00051371-00051629 a sex positivity group that's also
_IHShAClzgy-00188-00051629-00051820 started by another member of our board
_IHShAClzgy-00189-00051821-00052126 Heather so we just have such fantastic
_IHShAClzgy-00190-00052127-00052438 crew and volunteers that have stepped up
_IHShAClzgy-00191-00052439-00052799 and my role as Ed has basically been to
_IHShAClzgy-00192-00052800-00052963 tell people
_IHShAClzgy-00193-00052964-00053249 the Rainbow Bridge Community Center will
_IHShAClzgy-00194-00053250-00053585 be what we make it if you don't see a
_IHShAClzgy-00195-00053586-00053950 group or a program that fits you come
_IHShAClzgy-00196-00053951-00054137 and talk to us because we want to make a
_IHShAClzgy-00197-00054138-00054347 space and a time for it and you will
_IHShAClzgy-00198-00054348-00054550 have the full support of the board and
_IHShAClzgy-00199-00054551-00054737 other volunteers to help get it off the
_IHShAClzgy-00200-00054738-00054904 ground and make sure you're happy and
_IHShAClzgy-00201-00054905-00055061 comfortable and supportive and we want
_IHShAClzgy-00202-00055062-00055294 to make that happen
_IHShAClzgy-00203-00055295-00055523 so it seems like a lot and let me give
_IHShAClzgy-00204-00055524-00055685 you the list so you can share it with
_IHShAClzgy-00205-00055686-00056009 your viewers but we have even more well
_IHShAClzgy-00206-00056010-00056237 I was going to say I had noticed that on
_IHShAClzgy-00207-00056238-00056476 both the your website and your Facebook
_IHShAClzgy-00208-00056477-00056782 page there is an event listing where I
_IHShAClzgy-00209-00056783-00056999 can go could go in and look at a
_IHShAClzgy-00210-00057000-00057215 calendar for the entire month
_IHShAClzgy-00211-00057216-00057491 see what groups were being offered on
_IHShAClzgy-00212-00057491-00057766 which days and you know some information
_IHShAClzgy-00213-00057767-00058163 about okay what is the focus Etc I
_IHShAClzgy-00214-00058164-00058349 noticed that there were like some game
_IHShAClzgy-00215-00058350-00058487 nights
_IHShAClzgy-00216-00058488-00058841 and if you were also still doing the
_IHShAClzgy-00217-00058841-00059435 were open we have no specific group or
_IHShAClzgy-00218-00059436-00059711 purpose is just we're open for you to
_IHShAClzgy-00219-00059712-00059915 come in and just sort of hang out and
_IHShAClzgy-00220-00059916-00060113 have casual social time is that
_IHShAClzgy-00221-00060114-00060341 something that still is happening at
_IHShAClzgy-00222-00060341-00060461 Rainbow Bridge
_IHShAClzgy-00223-00060462-00060676 yeah so maybe let's back up and talk
_IHShAClzgy-00224-00060677-00060899 about the mission of the Rainbow Bridge
_IHShAClzgy-00225-00060900-00061361 Community Center is to uplift the lgbtq
_IHShAClzgy-00226-00061362-00061661 plus community and we do that through a
_IHShAClzgy-00227-00061662-00061841 number of ways we have direct action
_IHShAClzgy-00228-00061841-00062165 where we're helping lgbtq people and
_IHShAClzgy-00229-00062166-00062380 then we have indirect action like how
_IHShAClzgy-00230-00062382-00062615 we're helping family and friends of
_IHShAClzgy-00231-00062616-00062842 lgbtq folks
_IHShAClzgy-00232-00062844-00063191 um I would say that most of our groups
_IHShAClzgy-00233-00063191-00063371 um all the things we just discussed are
_IHShAClzgy-00234-00063372-00063688 really our peer support groups those are
_IHShAClzgy-00235-00063689-00063929 for lgbtq folks of course with the
_IHShAClzgy-00236-00063929-00064085 exception of the friends and family
_IHShAClzgy-00237-00064086-00064432 group and then our social nights
_IHShAClzgy-00238-00064433-00064613 um in addition to the groups we have the
_IHShAClzgy-00239-00064614-00064985 socials and those are a little more open
_IHShAClzgy-00240-00064986-00065200 so we have like a queer game night we
_IHShAClzgy-00241-00065201-00065435 have RPG night a writer's club and a
_IHShAClzgy-00242-00065436-00065609 knitting club
_IHShAClzgy-00243-00065610-00065831 um all these things are fun and great
_IHShAClzgy-00244-00065832-00066082 place just to meet people and socialize
_IHShAClzgy-00245-00066083-00066676 and the um there this is an lgbtq plus
_IHShAClzgy-00246-00066677-00066982 Drop in Center so we are open seven days
_IHShAClzgy-00247-00066983-00067229 a week you can come into this space if
_IHShAClzgy-00248-00067230-00067415 you haven't seen and I suggest you stop
_IHShAClzgy-00249-00067416-00067756 by it is basically a big comfy gay
_IHShAClzgy-00250-00067757-00068026 living room that you can hang out in and
_IHShAClzgy-00251-00068027-00068243 do whatever you want as so long as
_IHShAClzgy-00252-00068244-00068525 you're respecting the rules uh the use
_IHShAClzgy-00253-00068526-00068729 the rules of use here which are to
_IHShAClzgy-00254-00068730-00069082 remain respectful obviously and
_IHShAClzgy-00255-00069083-00069293 um commit to you know living the values
_IHShAClzgy-00256-00069294-00069497 of the center which again are to uplift
_IHShAClzgy-00257-00069498-00069719 Humanity in general Empower people
_IHShAClzgy-00258-00069720-00070121 Empower personal Liberation and uh
_IHShAClzgy-00259-00070122-00070453 ensure that the future is filled with
_IHShAClzgy-00260-00070454-00070853 lgbtq joy I would say that is the vision
_IHShAClzgy-00261-00070854-00071099 of the center we want to make sure that
_IHShAClzgy-00262-00071100-00071363 the future for queer people is bright
_IHShAClzgy-00263-00071364-00071825 open Happy free and Powerful so that's
_IHShAClzgy-00264-00071826-00072035 what we're shooting here for so if you
_IHShAClzgy-00265-00072036-00072226 agree with those things I welcome you to
_IHShAClzgy-00266-00072227-00072371 come down to the center and see what
_IHShAClzgy-00267-00072372-00072623 we've got going on okay you said seven
_IHShAClzgy-00268-00072624-00072844 days a week what hours
_IHShAClzgy-00269-00072845-00073159 so Monday through Fridays 11 to 5.
_IHShAClzgy-00270-00073160-00073649 Saturday is 12 to 6 and Sunday is 9 to
_IHShAClzgy-00271-00073650-00074038 12 noon so and then in addition to all
_IHShAClzgy-00272-00074039-00074291 of that most of the groups and most of
_IHShAClzgy-00273-00074292-00074543 the social clubs that we just referenced
_IHShAClzgy-00274-00074544-00074879 are happening after hours so in addition
_IHShAClzgy-00275-00074880-00075100 to our normal hours you will often find
_IHShAClzgy-00276-00075101-00075371 people here after hours participating in
_IHShAClzgy-00277-00075372-00075550 a group or a club
_IHShAClzgy-00278-00075551-00075893 now initially
_IHShAClzgy-00279-00075894-00076312 you had lots of space on your walls
_IHShAClzgy-00280-00076313-00076547 so an invitation went out to local
_IHShAClzgy-00281-00076548-00076738 artists that they could come and display
_IHShAClzgy-00282-00076739-00077111 their works at Rainbow Bridge is that
_IHShAClzgy-00283-00077112-00077326 something you're still offering so if if
_IHShAClzgy-00284-00077327-00077555 I have a new collection of Photography
_IHShAClzgy-00285-00077556-00077962 that I want to put up for people to
_IHShAClzgy-00286-00077963-00078185 to look at and maybe give some feedback
_IHShAClzgy-00287-00078186-00078455 on is that an option
_IHShAClzgy-00288-00078456-00078761 it is and I would just add to that that
_IHShAClzgy-00289-00078762-00079073 we're explicitly we want the space to be
_IHShAClzgy-00290-00079074-00079487 filled with lgbtq plus artists work you
_IHShAClzgy-00291-00079488-00079835 know and so the promotion and the sale
_IHShAClzgy-00292-00079836-00080021 of the work whatever you have whether
_IHShAClzgy-00293-00080022-00080200 it's a painting on the wall a sculpture
_IHShAClzgy-00294-00080201-00080471 whatever if you're an lgbtq plus artist
_IHShAClzgy-00295-00080472-00080669 we invite you to come down here and use
_IHShAClzgy-00296-00080670-00080903 the space because we want to share it
_IHShAClzgy-00297-00080904-00081082 with the community
_IHShAClzgy-00298-00081083-00081347 now that was
_IHShAClzgy-00299-00081348-00081803 a very active events calendar that you
_IHShAClzgy-00300-00081804-00082126 just shared are there some specific
_IHShAClzgy-00301-00082127-00082541 things that you're looking at
_IHShAClzgy-00302-00082542-00082805 spending some time to develop during the
_IHShAClzgy-00303-00082806-00083226 next year and Are there specific
_IHShAClzgy-00304-00083227-00083543 opportunities for volunteers or Are
_IHShAClzgy-00305-00083544-00083776 there specific functions for which you
_IHShAClzgy-00306-00083777-00083975 would like to invite people to come
_IHShAClzgy-00307-00083976-00084131 volunteer
_IHShAClzgy-00308-00084132-00084388 yes absolutely
_IHShAClzgy-00309-00084389-00084671 um first uh we do love having the center
_IHShAClzgy-00310-00084672-00084953 open seven days a week I do like to have
_IHShAClzgy-00311-00084954-00085156 a team of two people here at all times
_IHShAClzgy-00312-00085157-00085343 just so there's always backup and
_IHShAClzgy-00313-00085344-00085481 support
_IHShAClzgy-00314-00085482-00085703 um and we do for the most part we have
_IHShAClzgy-00315-00085704-00085925 that but there are still some gaps in
_IHShAClzgy-00316-00085926-00086099 the schedule where we don't have the
_IHShAClzgy-00317-00086100-00086369 full team that we want so if you're if
_IHShAClzgy-00318-00086370-00086662 you have even a half a day to volunteer
_IHShAClzgy-00319-00086663-00086909 to come down and operate the center we
_IHShAClzgy-00320-00086910-00087137 would love to have you here and I would
_IHShAClzgy-00321-00087138-00087475 say just email me at info rainbow
_IHShAClzgy-00322-00087476-00087719 bridgevt.org for that and we'll follow
_IHShAClzgy-00323-00087720-00087994 up on that for sure and then in addition
_IHShAClzgy-00324-00087995-00088312 to the everyday operations of the space
_IHShAClzgy-00325-00088313-00088600 we always have more ideas coming for
_IHShAClzgy-00326-00088601-00088787 groups and I'll list a few if you don't
_IHShAClzgy-00327-00088788-00089105 mind oh absolutely because we are either
_IHShAClzgy-00328-00089106-00089423 looking for a facilitator or another
_IHShAClzgy-00329-00089424-00089675 facilitator or people that are
_IHShAClzgy-00330-00089676-00089843 interested in participating in the group
_IHShAClzgy-00331-00089844-00090126 so our coming soon groups include in
_IHShAClzgy-00332-00090127-00090497 asexual aromantic group a survivors of
_IHShAClzgy-00333-00090498-00090731 sexual harm Group which we do have a
_IHShAClzgy-00334-00090732-00091043 licensed therapist offering to
_IHShAClzgy-00335-00091044-00091273 facilitate for us so we're looking for
_IHShAClzgy-00336-00091274-00091535 another co-facilitator and people that
_IHShAClzgy-00337-00091536-00091925 are interested in that we have an lgbtq
_IHShAClzgy-00338-00091926-00092218 plus adults group we have an lgbtq plus
_IHShAClzgy-00339-00092219-00092447 seniors group for which we do have one
_IHShAClzgy-00340-00092448-00092621 facilitator but again we're looking for
_IHShAClzgy-00341-00092622-00092897 more support we have a survivors of
_IHShAClzgy-00342-00092898-00093293 self-harm group and a polyamorous peer
_IHShAClzgy-00343-00093294-00093611 support group and then on the social
_IHShAClzgy-00344-00093612-00093887 side of things we have a young volunteer
_IHShAClzgy-00345-00093888-00094132 here with a drama background that really
_IHShAClzgy-00346-00094133-00094343 wants to get a queer theater Club
_IHShAClzgy-00347-00094344-00094588 started so we are very excited about
_IHShAClzgy-00348-00094589-00094876 that we do have one facilitator and a
_IHShAClzgy-00349-00094877-00095099 local Drama teacher that's willing to
_IHShAClzgy-00350-00095100-00095344 help it with some time but if you're
_IHShAClzgy-00351-00095345-00095638 interested in doing theater we want you
_IHShAClzgy-00352-00095639-00095903 and to give you an idea of how we're
_IHShAClzgy-00353-00095904-00096209 planning on using that at our events at
_IHShAClzgy-00354-00096210-00096467 our functions uh we would love to do
_IHShAClzgy-00355-00096468-00096875 like a queer improv comedy sketch so if
_IHShAClzgy-00356-00096876-00097000 you're interested in queer theater
_IHShAClzgy-00357-00097001-00097187 that's the kind of things that we're
_IHShAClzgy-00358-00097188-00097349 thinking about doing basically
_IHShAClzgy-00359-00097350-00097679 incorporating your work into our show so
_IHShAClzgy-00360-00097680-00097931 you can showcase what you're doing
_IHShAClzgy-00361-00097932-00098100 so
_IHShAClzgy-00362-00098101-00098567 this all sounds absolutely amazing
_IHShAClzgy-00363-00098568-00098975 so which leads me to you must be
_IHShAClzgy-00364-00098976-00099365 engaging in some degree of fundraising
_IHShAClzgy-00365-00099366-00099641 and I think there was an event that just
_IHShAClzgy-00366-00099642-00099826 happened but there's another one
_IHShAClzgy-00367-00099827-00099982 occurring
_IHShAClzgy-00368-00099983-00100391 at the end of May for which Rainbow
_IHShAClzgy-00369-00100392-00100612 Bridge will be the beneficiary people
_IHShAClzgy-00370-00100613-00100888 can go and watch and be supportive
_IHShAClzgy-00371-00100889-00101279 but basically how can we as the central
_IHShAClzgy-00372-00101280-00101644 Vermont lgbtq plus communities support
_IHShAClzgy-00373-00101645-00101759 you
_IHShAClzgy-00374-00101760-00101891 yes
_IHShAClzgy-00375-00101892-00102118 before we move on to that one yeah
_IHShAClzgy-00376-00102119-00102599 there's more oh go if I could because we
_IHShAClzgy-00377-00102600-00102742 also have committees at the Rainbow
_IHShAClzgy-00378-00102743-00103006 Bridge Community Center so if you are
_IHShAClzgy-00379-00103007-00103234 interested in the governance and the
_IHShAClzgy-00380-00103235-00103439 mission of the center and how it's run
_IHShAClzgy-00381-00103440-00103673 and what we're hoping to do here we have
_IHShAClzgy-00382-00103674-00103847 a space for you too so let me just
_IHShAClzgy-00383-00103848-00104099 quickly say we have an advocacy and
_IHShAClzgy-00384-00104100-00104327 Outreach committee which has a political
_IHShAClzgy-00385-00104328-00104554 action subcommittee so we are interested
_IHShAClzgy-00386-00104555-00104839 in getting involved politically locally
_IHShAClzgy-00387-00104840-00105149 we know what's happening out there and
_IHShAClzgy-00388-00105150-00105371 if our voices aren't heard we will be
_IHShAClzgy-00389-00105372-00105593 silenced so please come and join us
_IHShAClzgy-00390-00105594-00105881 let's get active organized and mobilized
_IHShAClzgy-00391-00105882-00106216 because our presence is necessary and
_IHShAClzgy-00392-00106217-00106378 then in addition to that we have a
_IHShAClzgy-00393-00106379-00106589 mission and governance committee which
_IHShAClzgy-00394-00106590-00106834 also has an idea subcommittee and that
_IHShAClzgy-00395-00106835-00107116 stands for inclusion diversity equity
_IHShAClzgy-00396-00107117-00107440 and accessibility so if any of those
_IHShAClzgy-00397-00107441-00107663 subjects are a concern for you or if you
_IHShAClzgy-00398-00107664-00107831 think the Rainbow Bridge could do a
_IHShAClzgy-00399-00107832-00108004 better job at any of those things we
_IHShAClzgy-00400-00108005-00108154 invite you to come to our committees
_IHShAClzgy-00401-00108155-00108269 because that's the space where your
_IHShAClzgy-00402-00108270-00108449 voices can be heard
_IHShAClzgy-00403-00108450-00108760 so for fundraising yes the event you're
_IHShAClzgy-00404-00108761-00109054 reference is May 20th at that's at the
_IHShAClzgy-00405-00109055-00109336 rehab gym in Berry and I'm so thrilled
_IHShAClzgy-00406-00109338-00109613 to be partners with them they are
_IHShAClzgy-00407-00109614-00109919 absolutely big supporters of the lgbtq
_IHShAClzgy-00408-00109920-00110197 plus Community this is an Invitational
_IHShAClzgy-00409-00110198-00110447 weightlifting competition and block
_IHShAClzgy-00410-00110448-00110566 party
_IHShAClzgy-00411-00110567-00110873 so no we're going to be having fun of
_IHShAClzgy-00412-00110874-00111113 course first of all and we're also going
_IHShAClzgy-00413-00111114-00111431 to be lifting up our community
_IHShAClzgy-00414-00111432-00111863 so um plan on that happening uh May 20th
_IHShAClzgy-00415-00111864-00112157 um of course we need volunteers too
_IHShAClzgy-00416-00112158-00112378 um I'll be emceeing along with my good
_IHShAClzgy-00417-00112379-00112613 friend Lucifer Matrix she'll be DJing
_IHShAClzgy-00418-00112614-00113008 and it's going to be a good time
_IHShAClzgy-00419-00113009-00113266 so that's our next event
_IHShAClzgy-00420-00113267-00113471 um in addition to that uh looking
_IHShAClzgy-00421-00113472-00113699 further down the calendar we have June
_IHShAClzgy-00422-00113700-00114016 10th which is Barry Pride so
_IHShAClzgy-00423-00114017-00114221 um and this is not a benefit for our
_IHShAClzgy-00424-00114222-00114431 organization but we are a part of the
_IHShAClzgy-00425-00114432-00114719 organizing effort that is to benefit
_IHShAClzgy-00426-00114720-00115060 Camp outright of outright Vermont and
_IHShAClzgy-00427-00115061-00115265 we're super excited to be joining all
_IHShAClzgy-00428-00115266-00115558 the other local lgbtq organizers that
_IHShAClzgy-00429-00115559-00115769 are involved in that to be doing our
_IHShAClzgy-00430-00115770-00115949 parts and making sure that it's a
_IHShAClzgy-00431-00115950-00116201 successful event and if I could say
_IHShAClzgy-00432-00116202-00116410 because I'm super excited about it on
_IHShAClzgy-00433-00116411-00116710 that day June 10th there will be a drag
_IHShAClzgy-00434-00116711-00116933 Story Hour happening right here at the
_IHShAClzgy-00435-00116933-00117173 Rainbow Bridge Community Center as a
_IHShAClzgy-00436-00117174-00117383 part of the festivities for Barry Pride
_IHShAClzgy-00437-00117383-00117701 so we are stoked for that um I hope to
_IHShAClzgy-00438-00117702-00117931 make that a regular occurrence in Berry
_IHShAClzgy-00439-00117932-00118386 and I would say to everyone and not just
_IHShAClzgy-00440-00118388-00118673 adults and also people not in the
_IHShAClzgy-00441-00118674-00118919 community and maybe even the haters I
_IHShAClzgy-00442-00118920-00119158 would say if you haven't been to a drag
_IHShAClzgy-00443-00119159-00119465 Story Hour you are missing out please
_IHShAClzgy-00444-00119466-00119758 come and enjoy it it is about being
_IHShAClzgy-00445-00119759-00120010 uplifted and knowing that you are
_IHShAClzgy-00446-00120011-00120239 special and powerful and magical and
_IHShAClzgy-00447-00120240-00120413 beautiful and that's kind of what drag
_IHShAClzgy-00448-00120414-00120760 is about in general but when you go to a
_IHShAClzgy-00449-00120761-00121043 show like that to an event like that you
_IHShAClzgy-00450-00121044-00121228 are going to feel better than when you
_IHShAClzgy-00451-00121229-00121421 walked in so I would encourage all
_IHShAClzgy-00452-00121422-00121666 adults and everyone of course to come
_IHShAClzgy-00453-00121667-00121793 and enjoy it it's going to be a good
_IHShAClzgy-00454-00121794-00121901 time
_IHShAClzgy-00455-00121902-00122195 so with that I need to say thank you for
_IHShAClzgy-00456-00122196-00122447 spending this time with us I look
_IHShAClzgy-00457-00122448-00122849 forward to being able to report the next
_IHShAClzgy-00458-00122850-00123227 activity on our events portion of the
_IHShAClzgy-00459-00123228-00123604 all things news and coming back in the
_IHShAClzgy-00460-00123605-00124127 year and saying okay Sean
_IHShAClzgy-00461-00124128-00124301 what have we done I think we'll have
_IHShAClzgy-00462-00124302-00124463 done a lot we've done a lot in a few
_IHShAClzgy-00463-00124464-00124613 months and we're definitely going to do
_IHShAClzgy-00464-00124614-00124810 a lot in 12 months
_IHShAClzgy-00465-00124811-00125147 thank you and Rainbow Bridge is lucky to
_IHShAClzgy-00466-00125148-00125345 have you here thank you and can I just
_IHShAClzgy-00467-00125346-00125669 say if you're out there in the community
_IHShAClzgy-00468-00125670-00125825 um you know we're open seven days a week
_IHShAClzgy-00469-00125826-00126101 I'm here Tuesdays and Thursdays and I
_IHShAClzgy-00470-00126102-00126221 would just encourage you to come down
_IHShAClzgy-00471-00126222-00126347 and chat with me if you have any
_IHShAClzgy-00472-00126348-00126551 questions and if you're particularly
_IHShAClzgy-00473-00126552-00126808 interested in talking to a non-binary
_IHShAClzgy-00474-00126809-00127102 trans person who is not judgmental and
_IHShAClzgy-00475-00127103-00127354 not quick to anger I am happy to answer
_IHShAClzgy-00476-00127355-00127601 your questions in a friendly inviting
_IHShAClzgy-00477-00127602-00127781 atmosphere so please just come down I
_IHShAClzgy-00478-00127782-00127954 know you're out there and I know you
_IHShAClzgy-00479-00127955-00128093 need the supports and that's what we're
_IHShAClzgy-00480-00128094-00128278 here for so come and see me
_IHShAClzgy-00481-00128279-00128483 I'll make sure we have all of the
_IHShAClzgy-00482-00128483-00128789 contact information hi everybody I'd
_IHShAClzgy-00483-00128790-00129125 like to introduce EGA Thaxton to our
_IHShAClzgy-00484-00129126-00129466 show and uh welcome Ika how are you
_IHShAClzgy-00485-00129467-00129714 today I'm doing well
_IHShAClzgy-00486-00129715-00130001 Ika is a poet
_IHShAClzgy-00487-00130002-00130486 and works at uh momentum uh at Price
_IHShAClzgy-00488-00130488-00130690 Center of Vermont
_IHShAClzgy-00489-00130691-00130823 so
_IHShAClzgy-00490-00130824-00131069 um let's talk first about like are you
_IHShAClzgy-00491-00131070-00131201 from Vermont
_IHShAClzgy-00492-00131202-00131393 originally
_IHShAClzgy-00493-00131394-00131614 so I'm originally from Southern
_IHShAClzgy-00494-00131615-00131795 California
_IHShAClzgy-00495-00131796-00132095 um that was where I was born and raised
_IHShAClzgy-00496-00132096-00132287 until
_IHShAClzgy-00497-00132288-00132533 um I was about 28 years old and that's
_IHShAClzgy-00498-00132534-00132731 when I moved here to Vermont with my
_IHShAClzgy-00499-00132732-00132869 family
_IHShAClzgy-00500-00132870-00133163 so your whole family moved here well not
_IHShAClzgy-00501-00133164-00133409 my whole family so it was uh me and my
_IHShAClzgy-00502-00133410-00133673 partner at the time and our two kids
_IHShAClzgy-00503-00133674-00133973 uh-huh yeah her family moved up here
_IHShAClzgy-00504-00133974-00134123 originally
_IHShAClzgy-00505-00134124-00134501 um because her uh her dad took a
_IHShAClzgy-00506-00134502-00134795 retirement job for Green Mountain Coffee
_IHShAClzgy-00507-00134796-00134969 Roasters he was actually
_IHShAClzgy-00508-00134970-00135202 um president of research and development
_IHShAClzgy-00509-00135203-00135466 and yeah and they were kind of like
_IHShAClzgy-00510-00135467-00135671 we're moving to Vermont we don't want to
_IHShAClzgy-00511-00135672-00135875 go alone do you want to come with us and
_IHShAClzgy-00512-00135876-00136157 I was looking for a nicer place to raise
_IHShAClzgy-00513-00136158-00136378 the kids so of course I was like yeah
_IHShAClzgy-00514-00136379-00136697 let's go but then I was like wait a
_IHShAClzgy-00515-00136698-00137009 minute it's cold no not that I didn't
_IHShAClzgy-00516-00137010-00137314 even know where Vermont was really
_IHShAClzgy-00517-00137315-00137573 because this is the early 2000s you know
_IHShAClzgy-00518-00137574-00137813 months not even on the map yet and I
_IHShAClzgy-00519-00137814-00137945 know especially if you're in California
_IHShAClzgy-00520-00137946-00138251 right oh yeah and Californians we think
_IHShAClzgy-00521-00138252-00138443 the whole world revolves around us so
_IHShAClzgy-00522-00138444-00138877 we're just like
_IHShAClzgy-00523-00138878-00139259 actually ended up here
_IHShAClzgy-00524-00139260-00139477 up here um
_IHShAClzgy-00525-00139478-00139871 uh and you work for the pride center of
_IHShAClzgy-00526-00139872-00140123 a month and your uh coordinator of
_IHShAClzgy-00527-00140124-00140471 momentum correct yes I'm um the momentum
_IHShAClzgy-00528-00140472-00140693 coordinator and I'm also one of the
_IHShAClzgy-00529-00140694-00141047 coordinators for glow too okay so do you
_IHShAClzgy-00530-00141048-00141197 want to tell us a little bit about that
_IHShAClzgy-00531-00141198-00141407 before we we'll we'll do the you know
_IHShAClzgy-00532-00141408-00141557 like what do you do work and then we'll
_IHShAClzgy-00533-00141558-00141749 get into the creative stuff
_IHShAClzgy-00534-00141750-00142025 um yeah do your poetry so so what do you
_IHShAClzgy-00535-00142026-00142127 do there
_IHShAClzgy-00536-00142128-00142475 so with the momentum program I work with
_IHShAClzgy-00537-00142476-00142775 the 55 and up Community
_IHShAClzgy-00538-00142776-00142951 um where I basically provide you know
_IHShAClzgy-00539-00142952-00143273 resources and events
_IHShAClzgy-00540-00143274-00143627 um you know for for that age group
_IHShAClzgy-00541-00143628-00143987 um I I love the work that I do and
_IHShAClzgy-00542-00143988-00144251 um you know I'm always open to
_IHShAClzgy-00543-00144252-00144466 um any suggestions and things like that
_IHShAClzgy-00544-00144467-00144569 um I think
_IHShAClzgy-00545-00144570-00144809 what I'm going to be doing here soon is
_IHShAClzgy-00546-00144810-00145151 collaborating with uh AARP and having
_IHShAClzgy-00547-00145152-00145313 them come and join us for some of our
_IHShAClzgy-00548-00145314-00145481 socials like our coffee and
_IHShAClzgy-00549-00145482-00145751 conversations you know to help answer
_IHShAClzgy-00550-00145752-00145937 questions or have a better understanding
_IHShAClzgy-00551-00145938-00146147 of what AARP does
_IHShAClzgy-00552-00146148-00146357 um and things like that I also love
_IHShAClzgy-00553-00146358-00146597 working with the senior center down
_IHShAClzgy-00554-00146598-00146873 there in Montpelier yeah we had that
_IHShAClzgy-00555-00146874-00147352 awesome drag Bingo like I can't wait
_IHShAClzgy-00556-00147353-00147689 we need to do that again yeah that was
_IHShAClzgy-00557-00147690-00147839 amazing
_IHShAClzgy-00558-00147840-00148037 and um
_IHShAClzgy-00559-00148038-00148319 and I know you have like coffee all
_IHShAClzgy-00560-00148320-00148463 Coffee hours
_IHShAClzgy-00561-00148464-00148828 for momentum right all over the state
_IHShAClzgy-00562-00148829-00149201 um right at least this area right I mean
_IHShAClzgy-00563-00149202-00149519 yeah
_IHShAClzgy-00564-00149520-00149716 I've been doing Washington County and
_IHShAClzgy-00565-00149717-00149999 Chittenden County as of right now
_IHShAClzgy-00566-00150000-00150401 yeah uh and I always enjoyed going to
_IHShAClzgy-00567-00150402-00150551 those
_IHShAClzgy-00568-00150552-00150893 we're in the area here in Montpelier
_IHShAClzgy-00569-00150894-00151019 so
_IHShAClzgy-00570-00151020-00151313 um when did you start there doing this
_IHShAClzgy-00571-00151314-00151457 um I've been with the pride Center for a
_IHShAClzgy-00572-00151458-00151595 year now
_IHShAClzgy-00573-00151596-00151716 okay
_IHShAClzgy-00574-00151717-00151877 and
_IHShAClzgy-00575-00151878-00152002 um
_IHShAClzgy-00576-00152003-00152254 and you said you did something else with
_IHShAClzgy-00577-00152255-00152614 pride which was besides momentum yeah I
_IHShAClzgy-00578-00152615-00152849 just recently joined the glow program
_IHShAClzgy-00579-00152850-00153035 which is
_IHShAClzgy-00580-00153036-00153364 um the women aligned program
_IHShAClzgy-00581-00153365-00153676 and what what does that do so that one's
_IHShAClzgy-00582-00153677-00153911 um all ages and same thing
_IHShAClzgy-00583-00153912-00154157 um it's uh I believe they're part of
_IHShAClzgy-00584-00154158-00154433 Health and Wellness so we you know
_IHShAClzgy-00585-00154434-00154685 provide information and resources for
_IHShAClzgy-00586-00154686-00154961 Women's Health and women aligned um
_IHShAClzgy-00587-00154962-00155052 Health
_IHShAClzgy-00588-00155053-00155290 uh things like you know breast cancer
_IHShAClzgy-00589-00155291-00155471 screenings
_IHShAClzgy-00590-00155472-00155633 um cancer screenings things like that
_IHShAClzgy-00591-00155634-00155921 and then also the social aspect of it
_IHShAClzgy-00592-00155922-00156119 too so
_IHShAClzgy-00593-00156120-00156209 um
_IHShAClzgy-00594-00156210-00156502 let's see I think the 24th were um
_IHShAClzgy-00595-00156503-00156737 having a movie night at Essex Cinemas
_IHShAClzgy-00596-00156738-00156893 and we're going to be showing But I'm a
_IHShAClzgy-00597-00156894-00157152 Cheerleader
_IHShAClzgy-00598-00157153-00157426 so if you know anyone that wants to have
_IHShAClzgy-00599-00157427-00157661 a fun free movie night that's going to
_IHShAClzgy-00600-00157662-00157949 be happening it'll be at um at like six
_IHShAClzgy-00601-00157950-00158076 o'clock
_IHShAClzgy-00602-00158077-00158345 okay I love that movie theater up there
_IHShAClzgy-00603-00158346-00158549 I think it's really nice yeah I actually
_IHShAClzgy-00604-00158550-00158878 work there too yeah
_IHShAClzgy-00605-00158879-00159113 my early 20s I worked at a concession
_IHShAClzgy-00606-00159114-00159497 stand I mean uh uh is it a concession
_IHShAClzgy-00607-00159498-00159737 like at the movie theaters yeah it's
_IHShAClzgy-00608-00159738-00159952 just like this yeah the concessions game
_IHShAClzgy-00609-00159953-00160176 yeah yeah it was kind of fun
_IHShAClzgy-00610-00160177-00160433 because I got to see free movies which
_IHShAClzgy-00611-00160434-00160714 was you know the real oh yeah absolutely
_IHShAClzgy-00612-00160715-00160985 I do a little bit more than that there I
_IHShAClzgy-00613-00160986-00161231 do a lot there
_IHShAClzgy-00614-00161232-00161566 but yeah I still get free movies so
_IHShAClzgy-00615-00161567-00161926 absolutely that's a big plus
_IHShAClzgy-00616-00161927-00162149 so writing
_IHShAClzgy-00617-00162150-00162425 um in addition to all your hard work at
_IHShAClzgy-00618-00162426-00162857 the price Center you're a poet I am when
_IHShAClzgy-00619-00162858-00163109 did you start writing
_IHShAClzgy-00620-00163110-00163481 so I apparently fell in love with poetry
_IHShAClzgy-00621-00163482-00163943 from when I was a tiny little baby my
_IHShAClzgy-00622-00163944-00164357 dad would read um you know like Dr Seuss
_IHShAClzgy-00623-00164358-00164621 and like things like that to me and I
_IHShAClzgy-00624-00164622-00164813 would repeat the entire thing right back
_IHShAClzgy-00625-00164814-00164914 to him
_IHShAClzgy-00626-00164915-00165178 he thought it was a genius
_IHShAClzgy-00627-00165179-00165316 um because he thought I could read when
_IHShAClzgy-00628-00165317-00165514 in actuality I was just
_IHShAClzgy-00629-00165515-00165821 memorizing everything
_IHShAClzgy-00630-00165822-00166126 um but ever since I could
_IHShAClzgy-00631-00166127-00166354 pick up a pen and write I have been
_IHShAClzgy-00632-00166355-00166499 writing poetry
_IHShAClzgy-00633-00166500-00166564 um
_IHShAClzgy-00634-00166565-00166901 you know I I went through high school
_IHShAClzgy-00635-00166902-00167135 um like uh I forgot what they called it
_IHShAClzgy-00636-00167136-00167363 back then um I know it's like honors and
_IHShAClzgy-00637-00167364-00167585 AP and stuff like that now but it was
_IHShAClzgy-00638-00167586-00167854 the highest you can go through as far as
_IHShAClzgy-00639-00167855-00168089 like um writing in literature in English
_IHShAClzgy-00640-00168090-00168437 and then I went on to college and um
_IHShAClzgy-00641-00168438-00168761 part of my degree is in English
_IHShAClzgy-00642-00168762-00168995 and writing so
_IHShAClzgy-00643-00168996-00169313 um but the whole poetry thing yeah um I
_IHShAClzgy-00644-00169314-00169504 had one class in in high school where
_IHShAClzgy-00645-00169505-00169709 the teacher was like
_IHShAClzgy-00646-00169710-00170026 your grade isn't this great but I know
_IHShAClzgy-00647-00170027-00170302 you write poetry if you can get me 20
_IHShAClzgy-00648-00170303-00170478 poems in
_IHShAClzgy-00649-00170479-00170899 I'll get it 20. I think it was like 24
_IHShAClzgy-00650-00170900-00171426 like in a month and I was like that's it
_IHShAClzgy-00651-00171427-00171664 and I got it in along with my
_IHShAClzgy-00652-00171665-00172109 assignments got an A plus in that class
_IHShAClzgy-00653-00172110-00172475 20 uh holy cow that seems like a lot to
_IHShAClzgy-00654-00172476-00172607 me
_IHShAClzgy-00655-00172608-00172871 um
_IHShAClzgy-00656-00172872-00173249 so at a really early age you started and
_IHShAClzgy-00657-00173250-00173452 and then when did you start thinking
_IHShAClzgy-00658-00173453-00173711 about like Publications and were you
_IHShAClzgy-00659-00173712-00173890 sending your workout all along through
_IHShAClzgy-00660-00173891-00174413 college and uh Beyond so um because I
_IHShAClzgy-00661-00174414-00174713 was a young mom a lot of it
_IHShAClzgy-00662-00174714-00174916 stayed on the back burner never stopped
_IHShAClzgy-00663-00174917-00175139 writing though I've never saw I I always
_IHShAClzgy-00664-00175140-00175571 Journal I have about seven books I'm
_IHShAClzgy-00665-00175572-00175859 writing one of them is a book series
_IHShAClzgy-00666-00175860-00176014 fiction
_IHShAClzgy-00667-00176015-00176261 um sci-fi fantasy type thing
_IHShAClzgy-00668-00176262-00176483 um but I'm always writing and always
_IHShAClzgy-00669-00176484-00176633 writing poetry
_IHShAClzgy-00670-00176634-00176921 um it wasn't until lockdown where I was
_IHShAClzgy-00671-00176922-00177101 kind of like you know I'm I'm sitting on
_IHShAClzgy-00672-00177102-00177443 like I think at that point it was like
_IHShAClzgy-00673-00177444-00177678 250 poems
_IHShAClzgy-00674-00177679-00178121 so I thought you know what I have time I
_IHShAClzgy-00675-00178122-00178402 can edit them myself and I'm gonna go in
_IHShAClzgy-00676-00178403-00178738 and give self-publishing a try just for
_IHShAClzgy-00677-00178739-00179026 fun get my feet wet to see how it goes
_IHShAClzgy-00678-00179027-00179152 and um
_IHShAClzgy-00679-00179153-00179513 so I published my you know my it's
_IHShAClzgy-00680-00179514-00179783 actually like my second book of poetry
_IHShAClzgy-00681-00179784-00180178 um but this one was my pride and joy and
_IHShAClzgy-00682-00180179-00180443 my baby
_IHShAClzgy-00683-00180444-00180688 and I made quite a few sales with that
_IHShAClzgy-00684-00180689-00180923 so I was very proud of myself
_IHShAClzgy-00685-00180924-00181013 um
_IHShAClzgy-00686-00181014-00181087 yeah
_IHShAClzgy-00687-00181088-00181493 and you know I just I I don't do well on
_IHShAClzgy-00688-00181494-00181738 the marketing end of it so if you're
_IHShAClzgy-00689-00181739-00181973 amazing at marketing and you can like
_IHShAClzgy-00690-00181974-00182345 build a online presence
_IHShAClzgy-00691-00182346-00182561 um self-publishing will work great for
_IHShAClzgy-00692-00182562-00182687 you
_IHShAClzgy-00693-00182688-00182897 um for me I'm not the greatest at
_IHShAClzgy-00694-00182898-00183113 marketing so it's just kind of you know
_IHShAClzgy-00695-00183114-00183371 just posted on Facebook or my personal
_IHShAClzgy-00696-00183372-00183671 Instagram or um I have a Blog I posted
_IHShAClzgy-00697-00183672-00183916 it there so you know I made quite a few
_IHShAClzgy-00698-00183917-00184099 sales nothing to make me Rich
_IHShAClzgy-00699-00184100-00184319 [Laughter]
_IHShAClzgy-00700-00184320-00184666 but it was fun and my my book's been
_IHShAClzgy-00701-00184667-00184943 sent all around the world too which is
_IHShAClzgy-00702-00184944-00185088 really cool
_IHShAClzgy-00703-00185089-00185285 self-publishing you know you have to do
_IHShAClzgy-00704-00185286-00185551 a lot of self-promotion I find that hard
_IHShAClzgy-00705-00185552-00185890 it is hard so we have to like chart
_IHShAClzgy-00706-00185891-00186107 yourself up and you know all that stuff
_IHShAClzgy-00707-00186108-00186401 is really I find it to be hard
_IHShAClzgy-00708-00186402-00186749 um and so but you felt that a rewarding
_IHShAClzgy-00709-00186750-00186893 experience would you recommend that
_IHShAClzgy-00710-00186894-00187138 people try it at least for their first
_IHShAClzgy-00711-00187139-00187354 book or
_IHShAClzgy-00712-00187355-00187816 um if you have experience editing
_IHShAClzgy-00713-00187817-00188195 it's so there's a lot of
_IHShAClzgy-00714-00188196-00188369 um software out there that is that is
_IHShAClzgy-00715-00188370-00188578 user friendly
_IHShAClzgy-00716-00188579-00188813 um I want to say the hardest aspect of
_IHShAClzgy-00717-00188814-00189023 it is the editing part
_IHShAClzgy-00718-00189024-00189131 um and
_IHShAClzgy-00719-00189132-00189493 I don't have a whole lot of patience
_IHShAClzgy-00720-00189494-00189802 so you know you you have your first
_IHShAClzgy-00721-00189803-00189911 draft and then you have to go through
_IHShAClzgy-00722-00189912-00190066 and edit and then
_IHShAClzgy-00723-00190067-00190438 um you have like the the draft sent to
_IHShAClzgy-00724-00190439-00190547 you and then you're you're looking
_IHShAClzgy-00725-00190548-00190678 through it and you're just like oh I
_IHShAClzgy-00726-00190679-00190816 don't like these margins I don't like
_IHShAClzgy-00727-00190817-00190949 this you know
_IHShAClzgy-00728-00190950-00191249 you find one wrong letter and then you
_IHShAClzgy-00729-00191250-00191531 have to go back you know redo everything
_IHShAClzgy-00730-00191532-00191873 um so it it is it's a process it it's
_IHShAClzgy-00731-00191874-00192023 not something you can jump in and do
_IHShAClzgy-00732-00192024-00192238 quickly at all
_IHShAClzgy-00733-00192239-00192497 um it takes a few months if not longer
_IHShAClzgy-00734-00192498-00192719 depending on like your experience and
_IHShAClzgy-00735-00192720-00192899 the only thing that saved me is the fact
_IHShAClzgy-00736-00192900-00193114 that I've been writing so long and I
_IHShAClzgy-00737-00193115-00193337 read a lot and you know I went to school
_IHShAClzgy-00738-00193338-00193552 for English so
_IHShAClzgy-00739-00193553-00193888 yeah well I I have some of that
_IHShAClzgy-00740-00193889-00194135 um but yeah I mean you could always hire
_IHShAClzgy-00741-00194136-00194381 an editor too
_IHShAClzgy-00742-00194382-00194651 um but the self-publishing it's not an
_IHShAClzgy-00743-00194652-00194843 easy thing to do
_IHShAClzgy-00744-00194844-00194921 um
_IHShAClzgy-00745-00194922-00195202 and especially for someone like me I'm
_IHShAClzgy-00746-00195203-00195407 very particular about the way I want the
_IHShAClzgy-00747-00195408-00195671 formatting to look I want
_IHShAClzgy-00748-00195672-00195959 um I like to have a very clean
_IHShAClzgy-00749-00195960-00196031 um
_IHShAClzgy-00750-00196032-00196385 simple look to my writing um I'm very
_IHShAClzgy-00751-00196386-00196583 minimalist
_IHShAClzgy-00752-00196584-00196799 um so yeah it all depends on the person
_IHShAClzgy-00753-00196800-00197014 really and like how much time you can
_IHShAClzgy-00754-00197015-00197269 put into it too
_IHShAClzgy-00755-00197270-00197651 just near like hybrid and where they
_IHShAClzgy-00756-00197652-00197938 have an editor there or well I I don't
_IHShAClzgy-00757-00197939-00198113 know I haven't I haven't done that yet
_IHShAClzgy-00758-00198114-00198281 but yeah there's a lot of different
_IHShAClzgy-00759-00198282-00198401 Avenues
_IHShAClzgy-00760-00198402-00198673 um I jumped in head first
_IHShAClzgy-00761-00198674-00198923 and I was like I'm gonna do this start
_IHShAClzgy-00762-00198924-00199114 to finish and you know what it was
_IHShAClzgy-00763-00199115-00199516 lockdown I had nothing else to do so and
_IHShAClzgy-00764-00199517-00199704 it still took me about a month
_IHShAClzgy-00765-00199705-00199954 and that was without any work
_IHShAClzgy-00766-00199955-00200347 attractions
_IHShAClzgy-00767-00200348-00200699 well that sounds great and um do you
_IHShAClzgy-00768-00200700-00200854 read around at all do you read around
_IHShAClzgy-00769-00200855-00201137 town or have you had readings uh in the
_IHShAClzgy-00770-00201138-00201269 area and
_IHShAClzgy-00771-00201270-00201664 I'm I'm pretty shy so I have it I
_IHShAClzgy-00772-00201665-00201838 haven't done any readings I really need
_IHShAClzgy-00773-00201839-00202097 to get out there and do it
_IHShAClzgy-00774-00202098-00202337 it's a good way to sell your books too
_IHShAClzgy-00775-00202338-00202576 you know I think
_IHShAClzgy-00776-00202577-00202709 yeah
_IHShAClzgy-00777-00202710-00202883 um so well maybe you'll get involved in
_IHShAClzgy-00778-00202884-00203069 the one here in Montpelier we'll see how
_IHShAClzgy-00779-00203070-00203249 that goes and see what your time
_IHShAClzgy-00780-00203250-00203507 schedule is and that'll be fun so would
_IHShAClzgy-00781-00203508-00203687 you like would you mind reading a poem
_IHShAClzgy-00782-00203688-00203981 or two for our audience and um
_IHShAClzgy-00783-00203982-00204263 and and you said they could you could
_IHShAClzgy-00784-00204264-00204443 buy the book on him you could buy your
_IHShAClzgy-00785-00204444-00204808 party on Amazon it is on Amazon
_IHShAClzgy-00786-00204809-00204953 um also
_IHShAClzgy-00787-00204954-00205157 um if anyone has Instagram I'm on
_IHShAClzgy-00788-00205158-00205336 Instagram also and you could just direct
_IHShAClzgy-00789-00205337-00205679 message me okay and we could do it that
_IHShAClzgy-00790-00205680-00206029 way too and your book is titled
_IHShAClzgy-00791-00206030-00206488 moonlit tea yes moonlit tea okay A lot
_IHShAClzgy-00792-00206489-00206764 of times when I'm writing it's you know
_IHShAClzgy-00793-00206765-00207077 at night and at night I drink a lot of
_IHShAClzgy-00794-00207078-00207364 tea like chamomile tea and stuff I was
_IHShAClzgy-00795-00207365-00207646 like oh that's when a lot of this was
_IHShAClzgy-00796-00207648-00208019 written um
_IHShAClzgy-00797-00208019-00208294 so this one
_IHShAClzgy-00798-00208296-00208540 um this particular poem that I wrote
_IHShAClzgy-00799-00208541-00208888 um my my dog passed away who I had for a
_IHShAClzgy-00800-00208889-00209212 very long time and she was there for me
_IHShAClzgy-00801-00209213-00209362 um you know with my kids and going
_IHShAClzgy-00802-00209363-00209717 through college my divorce so
_IHShAClzgy-00803-00209717-00210034 um very attached to her to this day I
_IHShAClzgy-00804-00210035-00210221 still can't own another dog and it's
_IHShAClzgy-00805-00210221-00210394 been
_IHShAClzgy-00806-00210396-00210598 um going on five years since she's
_IHShAClzgy-00807-00210600-00210941 passed and she's just such a special
_IHShAClzgy-00808-00210942-00211156 creature to me and so a lot of these
_IHShAClzgy-00809-00211157-00211379 poems are about her and my healing
_IHShAClzgy-00810-00211380-00211523 process
_IHShAClzgy-00811-00211523-00211906 okay going through it so
_IHShAClzgy-00812-00211907-00212092 um okay let me see if I can get through
_IHShAClzgy-00813-00212094-00212387 this
_IHShAClzgy-00814-00212388-00212627 I might write you some pretty words when
_IHShAClzgy-00815-00212628-00212842 all the feelings are gone I might paint
_IHShAClzgy-00816-00212844-00213023 you a pretty picture when everything
_IHShAClzgy-00817-00213023-00213148 feels wrong
_IHShAClzgy-00818-00213150-00213365 I might give you a peaceful gaze while
_IHShAClzgy-00819-00213366-00213629 listening to a site to a sad song I
_IHShAClzgy-00820-00213630-00213808 might smile through all the pain because
_IHShAClzgy-00821-00213809-00214037 the pain never lasts too long
_IHShAClzgy-00822-00214038-00214301 it's the moments where I feel crazy that
_IHShAClzgy-00823-00214302-00214577 it that never seemed to go away I have
_IHShAClzgy-00824-00214578-00214798 to keep myself moving in order for
_IHShAClzgy-00825-00214800-00215063 normalcy to stay the business and noise
_IHShAClzgy-00826-00215064-00215260 of others is what helps keep the scene
_IHShAClzgy-00827-00215261-00215519 this way so I wish that the quiet of
_IHShAClzgy-00828-00215519-00215729 your arms could chase the demons all
_IHShAClzgy-00829-00215730-00215932 away
_IHShAClzgy-00830-00215933-00216239 thank you that was lovely and what was
_IHShAClzgy-00831-00216240-00216881 your dog's name her name was petunia
_IHShAClzgy-00832-00216882-00217006 um let me see
_IHShAClzgy-00833-00217007-00217175 would you like to read another for us
_IHShAClzgy-00834-00217176-00217408 yeah here's another one that you can
_IHShAClzgy-00835-00217409-00217673 definitely tell us about her
_IHShAClzgy-00836-00217673-00217775 um
_IHShAClzgy-00837-00217776-00217937 there's pieces of you sprinkled
_IHShAClzgy-00838-00217938-00218194 everywhere the little love notes to
_IHShAClzgy-00839-00218196-00218429 remind me that you were once here it
_IHShAClzgy-00840-00218430-00218632 brings me great sadness but also great
_IHShAClzgy-00841-00218633-00218944 joy a girl's best friend
_IHShAClzgy-00842-00218946-00219184 thank you
_IHShAClzgy-00843-00219185-00219382 um so I think we'll leave the audience
_IHShAClzgy-00844-00219383-00219701 on that note thank you so much for
_IHShAClzgy-00845-00219702-00219977 coming in and we'll talk to you soon
_IHShAClzgy-00846-00219978-00220306 thank you bye
_IHShAClzgy-00847-00220307-00220571 thank you for joining us and until next
_IHShAClzgy-00848-00220571-00220696 time remember
_IHShAClzgy-00849-00220698-00220976 resist
_IHShAClzgy-00850-00220977-00221663 [Music]
_IHShAClzgy-00851-00221664-00222718 [Music]
_ILHZKS28qI-00000-00000000-00000221 my name is Megan Hatcher and my company
_ILHZKS28qI-00001-00000222-00000557 is in Windows little rock you're looking
_ILHZKS28qI-00002-00000558-00000839 for a replacement windows call a bunch
_ILHZKS28qI-00003-00000840-00001066 of companies have their salespeople come
_ILHZKS28qI-00004-00001067-00001265 out sit with you for two to three hours
_ILHZKS28qI-00005-00001266-00001504 in your living room high-pressure
_ILHZKS28qI-00006-00001505-00001847 selling you and then by your don't buy
_ILHZKS28qI-00007-00001848-00002030 all you're really wanting is a price
_ILHZKS28qI-00008-00002030-00002309 anyway right we'll call or email me and
_ILHZKS28qI-00009-00002310-00002456 what you're going to get is a quote in
_ILHZKS28qI-00010-00002457-00002789 as little as five minutes done at Zen
_ILHZKS28qI-00011-00002790-00003071 windows we never collect money up front
_ILHZKS28qI-00012-00003072-00003304 you don't pay until you are a hundred
_ILHZKS28qI-00013-00003305-00003674 percent happy with your windows the
_ILHZKS28qI-00014-00003675-00003886 process is really simple you sighed you
_ILHZKS28qI-00015-00003887-00004094 want the windows you call me let me know
_ILHZKS28qI-00016-00004095-00004331 I will send my installer out he's going
_ILHZKS28qI-00017-00004332-00004556 to come measure your windows we're going
_ILHZKS28qI-00018-00004557-00004733 to get them ordered two to three weeks
_ILHZKS28qI-00019-00004734-00004927 they're going to be delivered and then
_ILHZKS28qI-00020-00004928-00005081 the most in my installation team out
_ILHZKS28qI-00021-00005082-00005284 you're going to install your Windows
_ILHZKS28qI-00022-00005285-00005620 done if you want to put on your windows
_ILHZKS28qI-00023-00005621-00005834 there's two options is doing this and
_ILHZKS28qI-00024-00005835-00006118 call me fill out a form online and I'll
_ILHZKS28qI-00025-00006119-00006263 get you a quote in as little as five
_ILHZKS28qI-00026-00006264-00006980 minutes it's that simple
_ILHZKS28qI-00027-00006981-00007240 and
_JaKu7emhBc-00000-00000752-00000939 be
_JaKu7emhBc-00001-00000940-00002144 [Music]
_JaKu7emhBc-00003-00007173-00007631 [Music]
_JaKu7emhBc-00004-00007631-00007765 so
_JaKu7emhBc-00005-00007766-00009078 [Music]
_JaKu7emhBc-00006-00009079-00009339 so
_JaKu7emhBc-00008-00012862-00013334 [Music]
_JaKu7emhBc-00009-00013335-00013407 [Applause]
_JaKu7emhBc-00011-00017276-00019814 [Music]
_JaKu7emhBc-00012-00020087-00020300 [Music]
_JaKu7emhBc-00013-00020301-00021740 [Applause]
_JaKu7emhBc-00014-00021741-00022422 [Music]
_JaKu7emhBc-00015-00022423-00022677 foreign
_JaKu7emhBc-00017-00025727-00025935 you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00000-00000431-00000686 hello everyone thank you for joining us
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00001-00000687-00000871 for combos with kristen there's always
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00002-00000872-00001023 those moments where you're waiting for
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00003-00001024-00001270 people to be able to get on find their
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00004-00001271-00001439 time i know when you're moving from one
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00005-00001440-00001614 meeting to a next and zoom sometimes
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00006-00001616-00001775 they can run over a little bit you just
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00007-00001776-00001967 need that transition time a little bit
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00008-00001968-00002151 so we always like to give just a little
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00009-00002152-00002526 bit of time um i just literally a couple
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00010-00002527-00002742 minutes before we got on was reading a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00011-00002743-00002918 quote that came into my email today from
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00012-00002919-00003079 simon sinek and it said we know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00013-00003080-00003286 something is good when we're eager to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00014-00003288-00003575 share it and it just felt so appropriate
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00015-00003576-00003790 for this combos with kristen
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00016-00003792-00004063 because i am extremely eager to share
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00017-00004064-00004311 about our community impact assessment
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00018-00004312-00004438 and the conversation that we're going to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00019-00004439-00004702 be having today so welcome to combos
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00020-00004703-00004919 with kristin it really just gives you an
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00021-00004920-00005167 inside look into pretty much all things
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00022-00005168-00005359 united way of east central iowa whether
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00023-00005360-00005631 it's community collaborations or impact
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00024-00005632-00005815 stories what we do is we really look to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00025-00005816-00006038 just dive deep into how the dollars that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00026-00006039-00006254 you give to united way is really making
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00027-00006255-00006527 a difference in our community and really
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00028-00006528-00006703 how then that is translating into
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00029-00006704-00006887 supporting individuals within eastern
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00030-00006888-00007119 iowa so we can have strong communities
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00031-00007120-00007246 because we know when we have strong
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00032-00007247-00007478 communities we have strong people and it
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00033-00007479-00007678 creates all sorts of wonderful positive
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00034-00007679-00007846 economic outcomes
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00035-00007847-00008055 so really combos with kristin started as
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00036-00008056-00008271 a way to share not only the vital role
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00037-00008272-00008463 that united way plays in east central
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00038-00008464-00008655 iowa but like i said to be able to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00039-00008656-00008910 showcase how the support that you give
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00040-00008911-00009087 united way is really making a difference
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00041-00009088-00009278 and how it's being invested back into
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00042-00009279-00009414 the community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00043-00009415-00009719 and so each episode that we do we invite
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00044-00009720-00009935 special guests they may be people from
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00045-00009936-00010119 the community they may be some of our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00046-00010120-00010367 own staff members and we just
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00047-00010368-00010599 really dig into conversations and have
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00048-00010600-00010823 them explain to us in further detail and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00049-00010824-00011006 be able to give us more insight into
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00050-00011007-00011167 different ways in which united way is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00051-00011168-00011295 really helping connect within our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00052-00011296-00011535 community so again they could be
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00053-00011536-00011719 non-profit leaders they could be
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00054-00011720-00011895 business owners it could be our own
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00055-00011896-00012095 staff and today we have a staff member
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00056-00012096-00012214 joining us
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00057-00012215-00012463 so thank you for attending just i hope
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00058-00012464-00012623 you understand the gratitude that we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00059-00012624-00012791 have for the support that you give
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00060-00012792-00012974 united way along the way
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00061-00012975-00013191 and just a couple of zoom things before
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00062-00013191-00013351 we get started
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00063-00013352-00013607 if you have questions or comments please
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00064-00013608-00013815 just drop them into the chat you also
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00065-00013816-00013983 have the ability to raise your hand and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00066-00013984-00014222 we can see that on the back side and so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00067-00014223-00014438 we'll be able to call on you and then i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00068-00014440-00014607 think we'll be able to unmute you as
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00069-00014608-00014807 well but just wanting to let you know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00070-00014808-00014966 that you have the opportunity to ask a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00071-00014968-00015135 question and it really does when you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00072-00015136-00015279 have questions
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00073-00015280-00015415 put them in there because it does
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00074-00015416-00015583 actually make the conversation just that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00075-00015584-00015822 much more robust i've got my questions
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00076-00015823-00016022 that i'm going to ask but obviously i've
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00077-00016023-00016207 been involved in this work and so i have
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00078-00016208-00016407 some insights and you may think of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00079-00016408-00016639 something that i didn't think of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00080-00016640-00016879 the other probably piece to let you know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00081-00016880-00017135 of we budget an hour of time so we have
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00082-00017136-00017447 until 12 30. however we're not sticklers
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00083-00017448-00017679 to sticking to the hour and we just go
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00084-00017680-00017879 with where the conversation takes us we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00085-00017880-00018079 will be done by 12 30 at the absolute
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00086-00018080-00018343 latest but if we finish up early that's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00087-00018344-00018486 completely fine because that's where the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00088-00018487-00018719 conversation led
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00089-00018720-00018943 okay so we are going to talk about our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00090-00018944-00019150 community impact assessment so many of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00091-00019151-00019327 you know that united way is a funder
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00092-00019328-00019479 that supports our community through
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00093-00019480-00019750 three main areas health education and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00094-00019751-00019919 financial stability
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00095-00019920-00020207 we also are a community convener and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00096-00020208-00020414 collaborator and we bring individuals
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00097-00020415-00020655 and organizations together to really
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00098-00020656-00020863 strengthen our community and help fill
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00099-00020864-00021071 those gaps of need
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00100-00021072-00021311 we believe that the best way to support
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00101-00021312-00021550 our community is to know its present and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00102-00021551-00021822 critical needs and so it's our duty to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00103-00021823-00022094 listen to eastern iowans and learn about
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00104-00022095-00022343 how those needs impact their daily lives
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00105-00022344-00022591 and find ways to support them this is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00106-00022592-00022807 not what united way thinks are the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00107-00022808-00023022 challenges within our community but it
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00108-00023023-00023294 truly is the voice of eastern iowans
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00109-00023295-00023478 so this really brings us to our main
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00110-00023479-00023711 project and what a lot of our work
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00111-00023712-00023975 focused on this past year in 2021 it's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00112-00023976-00024191 our community impact assessment
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00113-00024192-00024358 so we're talking about this today
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00114-00024359-00024591 because really in order to create
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00115-00024592-00024799 stronger communities more equitable
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00116-00024800-00024999 communities we need to understand the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00117-00025000-00025183 challenges that are out there that our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00118-00025184-00025414 community is facing and then how we can
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00119-00025415-00025750 create those uh united community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00120-00025751-00026006 solutions and being able to address them
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00121-00026007-00026214 so everyone can thrive
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00122-00026216-00026390 so i'm going to invite my co-worker
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00123-00026391-00026567 carrie chase on
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00124-00026568-00026895 she is our director of community impact
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00125-00026895-00027102 carrie if you have the ability to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00126-00027104-00027343 get your your video on
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00127-00027344-00027470 all right
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00128-00027472-00027679 um there she is carrie has been at
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00129-00027680-00027951 united way for three years she has been
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00130-00027952-00028246 in her role about a year and a half
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00131-00028247-00028495 a fun fact around carrie is she was on
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00132-00028495-00028911 the job about 60 days maybe not even 45
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00133-00028912-00029151 days when the drain show hit and so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00134-00029152-00029487 carrie was able to this girl dug up or
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00135-00029488-00029679 rolled up her sleeves and really dug in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00136-00029680-00029855 to be able to help with our community's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00137-00029856-00030102 response to the drejo carrie before she
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00138-00030103-00030374 came to united way has worked in direct
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00139-00030375-00030502 service with a lot of different
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00140-00030503-00030670 non-profits in our community and knows
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00141-00030672-00030895 the community pretty well
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00142-00030895-00031046 another fun fact carrie doesn't know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00143-00031047-00031151 that i'm going to throw out there about
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00144-00031152-00031439 her is she has she's an animal lover she
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00145-00031439-00031662 has two dogs and a cat and she just got
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00146-00031663-00031990 a brand new puppy so welcome carrie
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00147-00031991-00032190 chase
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00148-00032191-00032390 well thank you kristen and i am lucky
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00149-00032391-00032583 that today i'm not sporting the love
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00150-00032583-00032790 marks that the puppy leaves on my face
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00151-00032791-00032887 as she
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00152-00032888-00033087 gives kisses and all those kind of great
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00153-00033088-00033239 things
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00154-00033240-00033487 we love them okay so talking about the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00155-00033488-00033702 community impact assessment just tell us
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00156-00033703-00033839 what you and your team worked on this
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00157-00033840-00034071 past year what was the process like how
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00158-00034072-00034190 did you come up with methods of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00159-00034191-00034487 gathering information that type of stuff
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00160-00034488-00034695 yeah so i think kristin kind of you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00161-00034696-00034846 nailed it on the head when you talked
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00162-00034847-00035095 about we really wanted to hear what our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00163-00035096-00035359 community has to say
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00164-00035360-00035551 we don't want to be the ones united way
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00165-00035552-00035735 doesn't want to be the ones telling we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00166-00035736-00035967 want investment we want
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00167-00035968-00036018 um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00168-00036019-00036135 [Music]
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00169-00036136-00036343 we want people to join the process and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00170-00036344-00036439 so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00171-00036440-00036646 really for us it was
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00172-00036647-00036855 one thing we really needed to understand
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00173-00036856-00036983 the critical needs that are in our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00174-00036984-00037246 community and we do know that the last
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00175-00037247-00037446 two years have brought a lot of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00176-00037447-00037679 compounded issues and problems to our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00177-00037680-00037895 community with pandemic and then with
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00178-00037896-00038199 derecho and so it really felt like the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00179-00038200-00038367 timing was right
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00180-00038368-00038655 to dig deep and really understand and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00181-00038656-00038799 not just the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00182-00038800-00039046 the top level but really start to dig
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00183-00039047-00039246 into what are some of those
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00184-00039247-00039551 systemic barriers and issues that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00185-00039552-00039830 continue to perpetuate the kind of the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00186-00039831-00040118 cycle that we have um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00187-00040119-00040311 with with just trying to better
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00188-00040312-00040518 ourselves as a community so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00189-00040519-00040823 what we did was um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00190-00040824-00041046 we did kind of a three-tiered approach
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00191-00041047-00041343 to this we did a really huge analysis of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00192-00041344-00041630 our data so we have a lot of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00193-00041631-00041895 we have access to census data most
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00194-00041896-00042199 people obviously do there's education
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00195-00042200-00042518 data um through the state there's other
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00196-00042519-00042671 there's other sources that we've been
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00197-00042672-00042951 able and it really gives that high level
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00198-00042952-00043215 understanding of kind of just where some
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00199-00043216-00043399 certain indicators are in the community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00200-00043400-00043567 so we looked at that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00201-00043568-00043783 then kind of based on some of those
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00202-00043784-00043990 findings we developed a survey and so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00203-00043991-00044190 what we wanted to do was really get the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00204-00044191-00044487 voice of individuals and i think united
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00205-00044488-00044687 way in the past has done a super great
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00206-00044688-00044911 job of understanding our donors and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00207-00044912-00045183 their voice and what they want to invest
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00208-00045184-00045335 but we really wanted this to be
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00209-00045336-00045590 comprehensive we wanted everyone to have
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00210-00045591-00045790 a voice because this is everyone's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00211-00045791-00045943 community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00212-00045944-00046167 we wanted we wanted the people
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00213-00046168-00046327 everyone to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00214-00046328-00046607 be able to kind of bring to the the top
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00215-00046608-00046799 what those issues were
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00216-00046800-00047167 um so we were actually able to use our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00217-00047168-00047399 partner organizations and all five of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00218-00047400-00047662 our counties um specifically in linn
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00219-00047663-00047879 county and in cedar rapids we were able
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00220-00047880-00048135 to partner with
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00221-00048136-00048358 lynn county as well as the city of cedar
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00222-00048359-00048574 rapids to get the survey distributed so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00223-00048575-00048871 that was like one fun fact that uh
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00224-00048872-00049007 instead of having to fill out three
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00225-00049008-00049230 surveys from three separate entities you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00226-00049231-00049430 got to do one so that was just a really
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00227-00049431-00049599 great collaboration to be able to do
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00228-00049600-00049783 that and then what we found out from
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00229-00049784-00050055 that survey is that we have a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00230-00050056-00050271 abundance of middle-aged white women
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00231-00050272-00050462 that respond to surveys so we were
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00232-00050463-00050695 really missing a lot of key demographics
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00233-00050696-00050974 in voice and so we worked again in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00234-00050975-00051238 collaboration because um lane county
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00235-00051239-00051502 public health also did a similar a few
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00236-00051503-00051702 months later they kind of went on their
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00237-00051703-00051942 own and were doing their own
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00238-00051944-00052207 survey process and it got the same
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00239-00052208-00052430 results and so what we decided to do was
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00240-00052432-00052615 go ahead and partner
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00241-00052616-00052942 and do some targeted focus groups and i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00242-00052944-00053103 can tell you what we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00243-00053104-00053382 what we found was through all three
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00244-00053383-00053566 points of those it was the same
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00245-00053567-00053759 conclusion which is very very
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00246-00053760-00053991 interesting
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00247-00053991-00054182 awesome well the one thing that i think
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00248-00054183-00054375 about is when you look at who is the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00249-00054376-00054623 person who is taking those surveys for
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00250-00054624-00054838 us to be able to pivot a little bit
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00251-00054839-00055054 and say wait a minute we want to make
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00252-00055055-00055254 sure every voice is heard i think that's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00253-00055255-00055550 really important to to be able to allow
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00254-00055551-00055711 people the ability to voice what's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00255-00055712-00055894 happening
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00256-00055895-00056135 i think we definitely we learned and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00257-00056136-00056279 then we've learned that we have more
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00258-00056279-00056519 work to do like we were able to do some
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00259-00056520-00056871 focus groups but we definitely um have
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00260-00056872-00057071 many other voices that we want to be
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00261-00057072-00057326 able to amplify and be able to give
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00262-00057327-00057526 context and and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00263-00057527-00057854 feedback as well yeah okay so what did
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00264-00057855-00058094 you learn from about our community from
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00265-00058095-00058350 the community impact assessment okay so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00266-00058351-00058630 shocker everybody housing came on number
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00267-00058632-00058807 one um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00268-00058808-00059150 however what we and this is um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00269-00059151-00059326 housing came in affordable housing was
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00270-00059327-00059575 number one however through some
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00271-00059576-00059847 interesting um further discussions in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00272-00059848-00060094 the community safe housing came up as
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00273-00060095-00060294 well and so when we talk about housing
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00274-00060295-00060519 too where we it's the affordability but
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00275-00060520-00060879 it's also safe you know we have houses
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00276-00060879-00061199 that are still in flux after
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00277-00061200-00061454 director we do have no patch we have a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00278-00061455-00061735 great program that's been willing to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00279-00061736-00061999 work um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00280-00062000-00062159 with homeowners to be able to do that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00281-00062160-00062447 but we had reduced housing stock the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00282-00062448-00062726 ratio hit we reduced any more so that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00283-00062727-00062935 kind of came front and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00284-00062936-00063215 center for us second was child care
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00285-00063216-00063391 again should not be a shocker for
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00286-00063391-00063654 everyone i do think that the child care
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00287-00063655-00064054 one is an issue that rang true across
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00288-00064055-00064350 the board for most individuals because
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00289-00064351-00064503 you can be
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00290-00064504-00064726 any household with the child and have
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00291-00064727-00065006 been affected by child care's closing in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00292-00065007-00065206 our community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00293-00065207-00065454 lack of spots available
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00294-00065455-00065799 the covid disruption and just
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00295-00065800-00066087 a lot of turnover and um not having the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00296-00066088-00066311 workforce to be able to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00297-00066312-00066638 um keep a lot of those child cares open
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00298-00066639-00066863 and the third on that came true i'm
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00299-00066864-00067071 gonna say number three and number four
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00300-00067072-00067279 we're so close i feel like i have to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00301-00067280-00067463 mention both of those number three was
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00302-00067464-00067671 the safety net services so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00303-00067672-00067943 to me those are the services that um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00304-00067944-00068143 they're the crisis services there that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00305-00068144-00068367 access do you have access to food is it
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00306-00068368-00068615 the shelter is it it could be
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00307-00068616-00068879 transportation so if something
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00308-00068880-00069094 interrupts your your life do you have
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00309-00069095-00069359 the ability to access a service
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00310-00069360-00069567 provision whatever it may be to kind of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00311-00069568-00069719 help you bounce back
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00312-00069720-00069967 um so that was number three and then
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00313-00069968-00070191 close was the access to health care was
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00314-00070192-00070431 specifically mental health
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00315-00070432-00070655 and again that's not a surprise because
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00316-00070656-00070791 we know that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00317-00070792-00071038 um two years into a pandemic and then
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00318-00071039-00071294 another disaster has just been it's been
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00319-00071295-00071399 hard
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00320-00071400-00071782 for people um so i think that um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00321-00071783-00071991 across the board again none of these are
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00322-00071992-00072326 shocking however um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00323-00072327-00072679 they definitely um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00324-00072680-00072919 i guess i should say what was should not
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00325-00072920-00073262 be shocking but as we dug in uh we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00326-00073263-00073447 wanted to not just look at this data and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00327-00073448-00073662 look at these top concerns we also
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00328-00073663-00073935 wanted to understand it from an from an
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00329-00073936-00074231 equity standpoint and so as we started
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00330-00074232-00074519 to dig into these top issues and looking
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00331-00074520-00074847 more specifically at that data we really
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00332-00074848-00075150 saw some gaps and we saw gaps if you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00333-00075151-00075311 look at
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00334-00075312-00075455 women versus
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00335-00075456-00075694 men earnings we saw gaps that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00336-00075695-00075967 single parent versus um not single
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00337-00075968-00076223 parents but i think most concerning and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00338-00076224-00076511 where we saw where we need to have the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00339-00076512-00076847 most impact is just the the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00340-00076848-00077103 the different racial impacts on some of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00341-00077104-00077343 our data i was just going to say and you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00342-00077344-00077535 actually started to go there on your own
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00343-00077536-00077767 a little bit was if you look across the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00344-00077768-00077967 board with those top four things i i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00345-00077968-00078238 think the pandemic and the duracho were
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00346-00078239-00078335 um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00347-00078336-00078575 they didn't care who you were right and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00348-00078576-00078847 so it was a very hard hit affordable
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00349-00078848-00079111 housing when it comes to child care when
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00350-00079112-00079247 it comes to mental health those are
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00351-00079248-00079503 things that they affect a vast majority
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00352-00079504-00079719 if not all of our society crisis
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00353-00079720-00079950 services is a little different but then
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00354-00079951-00080135 what i think is really fascinating is as
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00355-00080136-00080311 you just started to allude to you start
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00356-00080312-00080519 to peel back the layers a little bit and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00357-00080520-00080719 then that's when you really start to see
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00358-00080720-00081038 the discrepancies so on one level
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00359-00081039-00081231 everything is affecting almost everybody
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00360-00081232-00081431 in our community but then you look and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00361-00081432-00081703 it goes deeper and it's really affecting
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00362-00081704-00081871 subsets of our community in different
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00363-00081872-00082031 ways
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00364-00082032-00082287 yeah i think what was very eye-opening
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00365-00082288-00082591 for me personally was our focus groups
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00366-00082592-00082862 where we were able you know data is data
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00367-00082863-00083191 but when you start talking about a lived
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00368-00083192-00083343 experience
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00369-00083344-00083535 and and being able to start to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00370-00083536-00083806 understand and be educated on a lot of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00371-00083807-00083991 the disparities in the community a lot
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00372-00083992-00084238 of the systemic issues that our our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00373-00084239-00084526 community is facing i think that's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00374-00084527-00084726 that's where we have found that we need
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00375-00084727-00084967 to really ensure that we are making our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00376-00084968-00085255 investments um strategically to address
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00377-00085256-00085494 those areas yeah is that what you would
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00378-00085495-00085671 consider like the surprising piece or
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00379-00085672-00085806 were there other pieces that were
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00380-00085807-00086023 surprising to you and members of your
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00381-00086024-00086191 team
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00382-00086192-00086447 you know i don't think
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00383-00086448-00086615 there is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00384-00086616-00086959 it should not be surprising i think we i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00385-00086960-00087247 think there's a level of knowing i think
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00386-00087248-00087423 it's a level of educating and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00387-00087424-00087782 communicating and the lack
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00388-00087783-00088087 of that being communicated you know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00389-00088088-00088271 i just look at that the one step that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00390-00088272-00088455 always stands out to me is just if you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00391-00088456-00088703 look at household income by race
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00392-00088704-00088871 and there's over a thirty thousand
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00393-00088872-00089062 dollar gap between
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00394-00089063-00089271 white households and african-american
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00395-00089272-00089535 households and that to me is just
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00396-00089536-00089791 that is a staggering number
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00397-00089792-00090062 and i think the shocking thing is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00398-00090063-00090326 wow how have we not been able to still
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00399-00090327-00090567 address that in our community how are we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00400-00090568-00090767 okay continuing with that in our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00401-00090768-00091038 community because that status for linn
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00402-00091039-00091262 county that's not a nationwide stat it's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00403-00091263-00091575 not a stat across iowa it is our stat
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00404-00091576-00091791 correct
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00405-00091792-00091975 okay so what are the next steps for the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00406-00091976-00092231 community impact assessment
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00407-00092232-00092471 so our next step says you know what what
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00408-00092472-00092655 we wanted to do with all of this
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00409-00092656-00092950 information is to really build our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00410-00092951-00093206 build better solutions so understanding
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00411-00093207-00093438 it like you kind of said digging deep on
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00412-00093439-00093615 undoing those layers
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00413-00093616-00093847 what's it going to take to be able to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00414-00093848-00094062 start making some actual progress on
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00415-00094063-00094367 this and the one thing that i know going
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00416-00094368-00094574 into this and we have definitely learned
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00417-00094575-00094791 is we can't do it by ourselves nobody
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00418-00094792-00095047 can do it by ourselves so i think our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00419-00095048-00095262 next steps for us there's there's kind
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00420-00095263-00095511 of two there's a internally within
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00421-00095512-00095735 united way where do we hope to go with
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00422-00095736-00095967 this information and then i think as a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00423-00095968-00096087 community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00424-00096088-00096262 there's another approach and i think
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00425-00096263-00096543 internally one of our key pieces is that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00426-00096544-00096871 we have the luxury of time in being able
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00427-00096872-00097015 to build a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00428-00097016-00097159 um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00429-00097160-00097438 a better rfp process to target
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00430-00097439-00097671 investment priorities that we have kind
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00431-00097672-00097935 of identified that this is where we need
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00432-00097936-00098143 to strategically place
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00433-00098144-00098350 our investments and that's you know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00434-00098351-00098511 that's our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00435-00098512-00098799 donations that's our time that's our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00436-00098800-00099031 advocacy efforts all of those things and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00437-00099032-00099223 they really need to align we need to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00438-00099224-00099559 have really clear messaging on exactly
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00439-00099560-00099694 what we're doing
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00440-00099695-00099959 um and and how others can do things
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00441-00099960-00100150 because again it's it's the community as
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00442-00100151-00100399 a whole you know i i don't want to look
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00443-00100400-00100687 to non-profits to solve this this is a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00444-00100688-00100871 this is a community-wide issue and we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00445-00100872-00101191 all kind of have to um understand
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00446-00101192-00101423 and be willing to to put our raise our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00447-00101424-00101694 hand and kind of help along the way so i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00448-00101695-00101894 think internally those are that's our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00449-00101895-00102126 big next step is really making sure we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00450-00102127-00102439 have a good investment process and we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00451-00102440-00102663 have the right organizations and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00452-00102664-00102799 individuals
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00453-00102800-00103086 and just continue to address those i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00454-00103088-00103271 think externally
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00455-00103272-00103527 it's alignment of all those people all
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00456-00103528-00103806 the organizations to be able to agree
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00457-00103807-00103910 upon
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00458-00103911-00104127 what is the best strategy and how do we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00459-00104128-00104310 go forward and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00460-00104311-00104510 what i'm really excited about is when
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00461-00104511-00104718 we're addressing specifically housing in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00462-00104719-00104934 lane county there's a great group that's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00463-00104935-00105134 already meeting and strategically
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00464-00105135-00105319 talking about that you know we just had
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00465-00105320-00105678 the regional visioning yesterday and two
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00466-00105679-00105951 of our top priorities um housing and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00467-00105952-00106207 child care were addressed there
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00468-00106208-00106366 as well so we know that this is a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00469-00106367-00106631 regional issue that i'm hoping we'll be
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00470-00106632-00106919 able to work together to do
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00471-00106920-00107047 um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00472-00107048-00107286 the other thing i think that we really
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00473-00107288-00107527 need to help people understand is we're
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00474-00107528-00107766 going to talk about our community impact
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00475-00107767-00108007 assessment results
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00476-00108008-00108343 but it's not just clear we are not going
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00477-00108344-00108654 to probably invest all of our financial
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00478-00108655-00108919 assets into housing because there's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00479-00108920-00109110 there's more things that go into housing
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00480-00109111-00109358 there could be housing sub tax that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00481-00109359-00109590 needs to be addressed but really we also
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00482-00109591-00109799 want to create that economic mobility we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00483-00109800-00110031 want individuals to be able to feel like
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00484-00110032-00110254 they can afford or they should be able
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00485-00110255-00110415 to have a livable wage and be able to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00486-00110416-00110631 afford housing and what's that going to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00487-00110632-00110831 take and how do we how do we help
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00488-00110832-00111054 educate homeowners that didn't really
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00489-00111055-00111302 know the process to become a homeowner
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00490-00111303-00111534 how do we help individuals take the next
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00491-00111535-00111702 step and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00492-00111703-00111895 building their own skill set and being
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00493-00111896-00112134 able to get to where they want you know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00494-00112135-00112375 and it's gonna start all the way back in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00495-00112376-00112566 with our kids and how are we setting
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00496-00112567-00112807 that stage for them to be able to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00497-00112808-00113158 um create opportunity and believe that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00498-00113159-00113358 they can everyone can achieve what they
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00499-00113359-00113478 want to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00500-00113479-00113702 i think that's one of the key learning
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00501-00113703-00113895 lessons for me personally as we've dug
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00502-00113896-00114095 into this particularly around affordable
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00503-00114096-00114295 housing and you've helped educate me on
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00504-00114296-00114510 this carrie when we originally said
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00505-00114511-00114751 affordable housing and it was gosh that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00506-00114752-00114878 might have been last summer when you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00507-00114879-00115047 were like well this is kind of one of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00508-00115048-00115175 the number one topics that we're
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00509-00115176-00115334 starting to see bubble up but we'll wait
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00510-00115335-00115431 and see
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00511-00115432-00115727 i just immediately thought housing stock
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00512-00115728-00115902 i thought immediately just the building
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00513-00115903-00116183 itself and as we've started to dig into
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00514-00116183-00116375 it and you've started to explain more
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00515-00116376-00116607 there is so much more to it and i think
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00516-00116608-00116775 that's the key piece that you just said
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00517-00116776-00116847 is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00518-00116848-00117127 we can't solve this alone there's no one
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00519-00117128-00117310 entity in our community that's going to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00520-00117311-00117566 be able to solve affordable housing or
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00521-00117567-00117783 solve childcare it's going to take all
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00522-00117783-00118023 of us coming together in different ways
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00523-00118024-00118375 but making sure that it is um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00524-00118376-00118623 not constructed but being able to make
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00525-00118624-00118807 sure that we're all focusing on that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00526-00118808-00119007 path to be able to greater prosperity
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00527-00119008-00119215 for everyone so to speak and i think
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00528-00119216-00119351 that's what's great about the community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00529-00119352-00119502 impact assessment is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00530-00119503-00119727 it's everyone's speaking
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00531-00119728-00119958 and what it does is all of a sudden even
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00532-00119959-00120095 though we're all saying the same thing
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00533-00120096-00120302 it's like yeah we got data we've got
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00534-00120303-00120478 data that we're all aligned moving to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00535-00120479-00120775 the same thing yep
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00536-00120776-00121063 okay so how has this process shaped the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00537-00121064-00121319 way you view your role at united way and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00538-00121320-00121534 our role in the community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00539-00121535-00121639 oh
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00540-00121640-00121831 this was not a question i was prepared
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00541-00121832-00122327 for kristin roberts all right i'm sorry
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00542-00122328-00122414 um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00543-00122415-00122654 you know i look at
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00544-00122655-00122951 i look at what i originally had
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00545-00122952-00123166 envisioned in my mind what this
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00546-00123167-00123390 community impact assessment process was
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00547-00123391-00123678 going to look like and it was um we're
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00548-00123679-00123790 going to do this then we're going to do
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00549-00123791-00124023 this then we're going to do this and it
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00550-00124024-00124286 was one of those things that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00551-00124288-00124583 along every single part if you look
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00552-00124583-00124910 there's always a way to convene there's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00553-00124911-00125102 a way to collaborate
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00554-00125103-00125286 there's a way that you know we just can
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00555-00125288-00125478 all work together and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00556-00125479-00125631 that's one of the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00557-00125632-00125847 the things that i have enjoyed the most
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00558-00125848-00126054 is just building relationships in the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00559-00126055-00126302 community and helping people
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00560-00126303-00126407 um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00561-00126408-00126486 you know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00562-00126488-00126663 oh you're talking about this you need to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00563-00126664-00126823 talk to this person we need to get
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00564-00126824-00127054 together and really address this and and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00565-00127055-00127327 just being able to support i am not the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00566-00127328-00127543 i am not the pro when it comes to any
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00567-00127544-00127766 single one of these issues but i know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00568-00127767-00127919 who is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00569-00127920-00128199 and i will get them around the table and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00570-00128200-00128390 you know it's so it's okay if we can't
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00571-00128391-00128558 come up with the answer right away and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00572-00128559-00128751 it's okay if we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00573-00128752-00128999 if we fail sometimes but we've got to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00574-00129000-00129254 start taking the steps together in the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00575-00129255-00129414 right process so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00576-00129415-00129607 i think that's been really interesting
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00577-00129608-00129751 and i think just
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00578-00129752-00129975 going through this things have
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00579-00129976-00130271 fallen into place where
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00580-00130272-00130454 it's been very it's been very
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00581-00130455-00130671 interesting and so it's been able it's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00582-00130672-00130814 been easy to look at the community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00583-00130815-00131039 impact assessment is one thing but then
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00584-00131040-00131239 if i align that with our diversity
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00585-00131240-00131502 equity and inclusion efforts and what
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00586-00131503-00131759 has come out of there and how the the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00587-00131760-00132071 two are so in sync and have to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00588-00132072-00132271 you have to balance that and you have to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00589-00132272-00132478 address both issues
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00590-00132479-00132759 um to have any progress and i look at
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00591-00132760-00132999 some of the things that we're doing um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00592-00133000-00133135 in just
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00593-00133136-00133390 educating ourselves and helping you know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00594-00133391-00133527 convene and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00595-00133528-00133814 give education where we can i just think
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00596-00133815-00134031 that that has been a wonderful
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00597-00134032-00134239 opportunity for our growth and then
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00598-00134240-00134439 being able to share those experiences as
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00599-00134440-00134543 well
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00600-00134544-00134727 well and it could be a whole different
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00601-00134728-00134878 compost with kristin topic with
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00602-00134879-00135078 diversity equity and inclusion but it
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00603-00135079-00135278 makes me think about how as an
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00604-00135279-00135478 organization we said do we want to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00605-00135479-00135663 single it out or do we want to make sure
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00606-00135664-00135831 instead that it's weaved in through
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00607-00135832-00136023 everything particularly around our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00608-00136024-00136263 strategic plan and we decided to weave
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00609-00136264-00136583 it in and this is a prime example of how
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00610-00136584-00136799 that is just beautifully playing out
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00611-00136800-00137031 because once it's woven in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00612-00137032-00137263 then we're going to be able to make real
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00613-00137264-00137614 true deep work movement on it
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00614-00137615-00137871 exactly okay so we have obviously people
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00615-00137872-00138078 on this phone call who are supporters of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00616-00138079-00138375 united way they are people who are game
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00617-00138376-00138559 changers they're the hand raisers
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00618-00138560-00138766 they're all of those terms that we like
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00619-00138767-00138911 to use and they like to get involved in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00620-00138912-00139135 the community so if someone on the call
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00621-00139136-00139311 is interested in getting involved with
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00622-00139312-00139527 addressing our community's needs
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00623-00139528-00139678 how can they do that what advice do you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00624-00139679-00139807 have for them
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00625-00139808-00139895 sure
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00626-00139896-00139999 so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00627-00140000-00140239 um it's really easy because we've got
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00628-00140240-00140511 three different ways that we kind of uh
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00629-00140512-00140719 steer people in our community the first
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00630-00140720-00140831 is give
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00631-00140832-00141159 so being able to continue to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00632-00141160-00141551 provide the resources for our nonprofits
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00633-00141552-00141863 to be able to do this work that has been
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00634-00141864-00142078 that has been really um and i've worked
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00635-00142079-00142311 non-profits my entire career so i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00636-00142312-00142495 understand the challenges
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00637-00142496-00142807 uh but if i specifically look at how our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00638-00142808-00143087 nonprofits have risen to the challenges
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00639-00143088-00143366 that we've faced in the last two years
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00640-00143367-00143711 i c i cannot see a better investment in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00641-00143712-00143878 organizations that are helping people
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00642-00143879-00144071 than just right here in our community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00643-00144072-00144151 it's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00644-00144152-00144319 um and they're the ones that are on the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00645-00144320-00144526 front line doing the work i mean i if
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00646-00144527-00144719 you even look at geneva tower and the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00647-00144720-00145007 fire and seeing the multiple nonprofits
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00648-00145008-00145078 that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00649-00145079-00145351 were there in response and just and and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00650-00145352-00145631 i'm talking ceos were there i you know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00651-00145632-00145814 mike barnhart from horizons was their
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00652-00145815-00146039 drive in the bus it really is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00653-00146040-00146263 eye-opening and i i just think that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00654-00146264-00146447 that's something to celebrate in our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00655-00146448-00146726 community so being able to give enables
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00656-00146727-00146919 those organizations to continue their
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00657-00146920-00147143 work and i think
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00658-00147144-00147326 giving through united way
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00659-00147327-00147511 really helps
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00660-00147512-00147687 because we've done that work now we've
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00661-00147688-00147935 done that community impact assessment we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00662-00147936-00148183 really know where the need is and where
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00663-00148184-00148335 we need to invest
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00664-00148336-00148590 second is just advocating and so we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00665-00148591-00148735 really are learning
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00666-00148736-00148975 advocating ourself and how to advocate
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00667-00148976-00149223 and that really could just be as simple
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00668-00149224-00149447 as learning about what we found about in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00669-00149448-00149671 our community impact assessment and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00670-00149672-00149823 learning about some of the things that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00671-00149824-00149999 have come up i know one of the things
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00672-00150000-00150271 that we plan on doing as a staff is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00673-00150272-00150487 going to the redlining exhibit at the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00674-00150488-00150687 african-american museum because that is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00675-00150688-00150911 something that has come up multiple
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00676-00150912-00151159 times in conversations and we really
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00677-00151160-00151359 need to understand that because it is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00678-00151360-00151583 something that is very important that we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00679-00151584-00151783 do understand and address
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00680-00151784-00151887 so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00681-00151888-00152087 learning understanding educating
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00682-00152088-00152399 yourself um i think you know we're we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00683-00152400-00152590 don't we don't need we're not asking
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00684-00152591-00152751 people to like go to the hill and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00685-00152752-00153031 advocate in that level um certainly feel
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00686-00153032-00153454 free as we start to align our our um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00687-00153455-00153711 priorities with what um could match that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00688-00153712-00153935 but it it's there's a wide range on how
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00689-00153936-00154126 you can advocate for people in your
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00690-00154127-00154343 community and the third is just really
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00691-00154344-00154566 volunteering you know there's there's a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00692-00154567-00154766 lot of great ways that you can volunteer
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00693-00154767-00154951 through united way
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00694-00154952-00155247 as well as with united way and so i just
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00695-00155248-00155526 look at the support that when you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00696-00155527-00155743 volunteer you're supporting each other
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00697-00155744-00155966 you're supporting our non-profits
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00698-00155967-00156190 you're supporting yourself really
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00699-00156191-00156399 it's just it's great all around for
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00700-00156400-00156519 people
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00701-00156520-00156654 and a little sneak peek when you're
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00702-00156655-00156887 talking about that educating piece can
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00703-00156888-00157087 you give just a little insight into what
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00704-00157088-00157311 our website will hopefully be able to do
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00705-00157312-00157502 and what you're worth
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00706-00157503-00157702 so i just got the first glimpse at it
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00707-00157703-00157951 today and we're really excited we've
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00708-00157952-00158199 historically in the past we've done
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00709-00158200-00158375 united way has been always great about
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00710-00158376-00158639 understanding the data um however it's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00711-00158640-00158878 been um definitely through like papers
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00712-00158879-00159095 white papers white pages those kinds of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00713-00159096-00159295 things and so it can be so dense to get
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00714-00159296-00159431 through and so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00715-00159432-00159743 um what we decided well one because i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00716-00159744-00159943 don't want to wade through tons of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00717-00159944-00160302 papers to get to a key data point i want
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00718-00160303-00160439 um and i know there's a lot of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00719-00160440-00160631 nonprofits that look to united way and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00720-00160632-00160847 ask for those certain key demographics
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00721-00160848-00161063 and it's just a time saver to have them
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00722-00161064-00161263 somewhere so what we are doing is an
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00723-00161264-00161439 interactive um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00724-00161440-00161654 data uh
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00725-00161655-00161911 web web page basically and so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00726-00161912-00162111 what we're what we'll be able to do is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00727-00162112-00162295 look at a lot of the key
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00728-00162296-00162654 indicators under housing under
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00729-00162655-00163014 financial economic education health and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00730-00163015-00163287 then just general population indicators
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00731-00163288-00163399 to be able
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00732-00163400-00163647 for our non-profits or individuals to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00733-00163648-00163926 use will also be able to um you'll be
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00734-00163927-00164151 able to sort by county so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00735-00164152-00164343 we are a five county united way we want
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00736-00164344-00164566 to make sure that we're focusing on all
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00737-00164567-00164807 five of our counties so i am really
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00738-00164808-00164951 excited about this i think it's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00739-00164952-00165159 something that we have needed
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00740-00165160-00165366 all right and that ties in directly to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00741-00165367-00165535 the next question that just popped into
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00742-00165536-00165702 the chat so what is the next step in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00743-00165703-00165911 getting others outside of linn county
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00744-00165912-00166111 involved
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00745-00166112-00166199 sure
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00746-00166200-00166447 so we um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00747-00166448-00166726 it's hard i am not going to lie that's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00748-00166727-00166966 trying to um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00749-00166967-00167247 engage our other counties is has been
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00750-00167248-00167454 kind of starting from scratch
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00751-00167455-00167678 um there's not the trust built in a lot
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00752-00167679-00167902 of the communities um there's not the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00753-00167903-00168143 engagement there's not exposure
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00754-00168144-00168351 and so one of the first things that we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00755-00168352-00168623 have done is we had the opportunity to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00756-00168624-00168902 apply for an rsvp grant which is works
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00757-00168903-00169007 with
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00758-00169008-00169351 volunteers 55 and better as i am as i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00759-00169352-00169511 have learned
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00760-00169512-00169790 and it's they it really what we've been
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00761-00169791-00170071 able to do is we have had them in ling
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00762-00170072-00170375 county uh and jones county but we were
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00763-00170376-00170695 able to expand into cedar and and benton
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00764-00170696-00170999 county and the key thing with those
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00765-00171000-00171399 three areas especially benton cedar
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00766-00171400-00171751 and um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00767-00171752-00171983 thank you jones
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00768-00171984-00172214 is that those people that our staff that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00769-00172215-00172414 we've hired for those positions live in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00770-00172415-00172695 the county so they're from there they
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00771-00172696-00172966 know um they know people they know how
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00772-00172967-00173143 to engage and so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00773-00173144-00173407 really the first step that we're taking
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00774-00173408-00173654 is just building relationships knowing
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00775-00173655-00173838 and understanding what the community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00776-00173839-00173935 needs
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00777-00173936-00174231 understanding who so some of those um i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00778-00174232-00174463 look him as like the change champions of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00779-00174464-00174823 the county um and starting to align and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00780-00174824-00175007 just build relationships with them and i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00781-00175008-00175319 think we have really made some um great
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00782-00175320-00175614 progress in benton county um i think
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00783-00175615-00175823 we're starting to jones has always been
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00784-00175824-00176071 um we've been able to do well in jones
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00785-00176072-00176326 and then theater we're starting to iowa
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00786-00176327-00176519 county we have some work to do we don't
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00787-00176520-00176766 have a staff that's located there
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00788-00176767-00176926 we've built some partnerships with
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00789-00176927-00177183 williamsburg school district and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00790-00177184-00177366 specifically working with their migrant
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00791-00177367-00177631 community so we always just look for
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00792-00177632-00177951 little opportunities where we can uplift
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00793-00177952-00178135 and just continue to educate ourselves
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00794-00178136-00178375 and build those relationships yeah it's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00795-00178376-00178526 definite work it's not going to happen
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00796-00178527-00178766 overnight that's for sure yes okay
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00797-00178767-00178943 another question has come in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00798-00178944-00179095 how are we working with our partner
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00799-00179096-00179319 agencies to ensure everyone is working
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00800-00179320-00179535 collaboratively
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00801-00179536-00179783 sure so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00802-00179784-00179983 i think the best way
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00803-00179984-00180326 um it's it's hard first of all i think
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00804-00180327-00180463 there are
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00805-00180464-00180654 key areas that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00806-00180655-00180878 already work really well together and i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00807-00180879-00181151 honestly um there's probably a lot of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00808-00181152-00181375 input and ways that go into that that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00809-00181376-00181583 even i i don't even completely
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00810-00181584-00181799 understand but when we look specifically
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00811-00181800-00182166 at housing um that's the easiest we we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00812-00182167-00182423 should be very very proud that we have a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00813-00182424-00182814 continuum of care um which is uh one and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00814-00182815-00182999 the access to housing is kind of a one
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00815-00183000-00183231 stop so you call waypoint and you're
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00816-00183232-00183447 able to then be linked to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00817-00183448-00183790 all of our homeless shelters in our area
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00818-00183791-00184071 we were able in the last year and a half
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00819-00184072-00184151 to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00820-00184152-00184359 take that up a notch and include rent
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00821-00184360-00184631 and utility assistance as well so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00822-00184632-00184935 if you have any housing needs that you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00823-00184936-00185159 can call this um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00824-00185160-00185335 you can call waypoint as the one point
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00825-00185336-00185519 of entry and they're able to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00826-00185520-00185766 collaboratively they work together to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00827-00185767-00185895 address this
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00828-00185896-00186231 this is a model that we have
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00829-00186232-00186559 really seen take off and emerge and and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00830-00186560-00186766 there's hiccups don't get me wrong but
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00831-00186767-00187007 it really is working and i see this as
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00832-00187008-00187271 well as with our ongoing housing needs
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00833-00187272-00187359 um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00834-00187360-00187607 the patch um providing assistance to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00835-00187608-00187759 community homeowners which was in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00836-00187760-00188014 response to the radio is another
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00837-00188015-00188214 community collaboration where you have
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00838-00188215-00188447 10 different organizations that are are
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00839-00188448-00188695 working together
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00840-00188696-00188935 i look at opportunity center i look at
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00841-00188936-00189190 reading into success those have been two
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00842-00189191-00189543 areas that we have been um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00843-00189544-00189790 going in and quality improving because
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00844-00189791-00189966 what we need is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00845-00189967-00190143 you need to have that issue and then you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00846-00190144-00190366 need to have the buy-in but you also
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00847-00190367-00190550 need to encourage
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00848-00190551-00190702 partners and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00849-00190703-00190871 this was the main thing with our rent
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00850-00190872-00191071 utility assistance is you're not losing
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00851-00191072-00191383 your identity as your organization you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00852-00191384-00191599 still are doing what you are doing
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00853-00191600-00191750 because you're the best at doing what
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00854-00191751-00192014 you do but we need to work together on
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00855-00192015-00192095 that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00856-00192096-00192454 so i do think that um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00857-00192455-00192743 where our place has been in every single
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00858-00192744-00192999 one of those was the convening part i i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00859-00193000-00193150 look at that and just
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00860-00193151-00193454 being able to go in and bring people to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00861-00193455-00193719 the table and just kind of ask what can
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00862-00193720-00193878 we do what if
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00863-00193879-00194023 um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00864-00194024-00194238 so sometimes i think it's just luck of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00865-00194239-00194463 the draw and timing and sometimes i'm
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00866-00194464-00194687 like i think we've worked really hard to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00867-00194688-00194911 be able to do that so i i think it's a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00868-00194912-00195111 little bit of both but i think it is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00869-00195112-00195247 happening
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00870-00195248-00195414 the one thing it reminds me of when
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00871-00195415-00195590 you're talking was recently we were in a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00872-00195591-00195759 situation where someone asked you oh
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00873-00195760-00195943 well who's who's in charge of the patch
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00874-00195944-00196126 program and your answer was wonderful
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00875-00196127-00196278 you said well actually that's kind of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00876-00196279-00196478 hard to answer because there's 10 plus
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00877-00196479-00196671 organizations who are part of it and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00878-00196672-00196790 they're all doing their thing and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00879-00196791-00197023 they're all in charge of it so to speak
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00880-00197024-00197175 and it was just such a great
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00881-00197176-00197359 illustration of the collaboration piece
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00882-00197360-00197502 that you're talking about
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00883-00197503-00197678 and i'll for never forget the person was
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00884-00197679-00197750 like
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00885-00197751-00197847 oh
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00886-00197848-00198014 okay you could tell that it was just
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00887-00198015-00198326 this new new thought process for that to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00888-00198327-00198519 happen the other piece too that it makes
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00889-00198520-00198678 me think about is duplication of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00890-00198679-00198847 services that's another question that we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00891-00198848-00199007 get a lot of when it comes to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00892-00199008-00199271 duplication of services do we feel as if
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00893-00199272-00199447 the community impact assessment in any
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00894-00199448-00199571 way has any um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00895-00199572-00199766 [Music]
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00896-00199767-00200023 overview of duplication of services or
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00897-00200024-00200199 when it comes to that topic what are
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00898-00200200-00200423 your thoughts on that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00899-00200424-00200647 i think that can be a hard one for me i
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00900-00200648-00200911 can see it i can i see two different
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00901-00200912-00201214 ways to look at that i look at it from a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00902-00201215-00201311 funder
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00903-00201312-00201502 and understand when you have limited
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00904-00201503-00201766 resources to invest you want you want
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00905-00201767-00201990 the organization that's doing the best
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00906-00201991-00202126 and you're going to go with that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00907-00202127-00202423 organization and so i think duplication
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00908-00202424-00202799 of services comes into play because
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00909-00202800-00202911 you want
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00910-00202912-00203023 you want
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00911-00203024-00203302 the most effective solution and the most
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00912-00203303-00203502 effective organization to be able to do
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00913-00203503-00203583 that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00914-00203584-00203887 um i can also see from if you're talking
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00915-00203888-00204038 about having
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00916-00204039-00204254 only one organization though that does
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00917-00204255-00204478 the one thing i i don't know how that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00918-00204479-00204711 comes into play i think we have multiple
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00919-00204712-00204879 organizations that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00920-00204880-00205006 that do
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00921-00205007-00205246 maybe the same service delivery
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00922-00205248-00205503 but i also think that there is option
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00923-00205504-00205638 for choice
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00924-00205639-00205919 um in that way i mean i i just look at
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00925-00205919-00206038 if you look at
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00926-00206039-00206238 nonprofits that provide mental health
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00927-00206239-00206398 services
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00928-00206400-00206631 i have a hard time saying duplication of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00929-00206632-00206862 services is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00930-00206863-00207190 you know a thing to address because
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00931-00207191-00207398 organizations are different and you as
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00932-00207400-00207542 someone who is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00933-00207544-00207727 going to a therapy session or trying to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00934-00207728-00207951 engage with the therapy a therapist may
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00935-00207952-00208175 need to go to multiple organizations to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00936-00208176-00208414 find that right fit so i do think that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00937-00208415-00208614 there's kind of that's not giving you a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00938-00208615-00208838 great answer on that but it's it's kind
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00939-00208839-00209046 of a hard question i think um and you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00940-00209048-00209303 have to look at both perspectives
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00941-00209304-00209519 um and understand where
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00942-00209519-00209694 um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00943-00209696-00209903 probably what the what the primary need
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00944-00209904-00210087 is you're trying to address and then
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00945-00210088-00210246 kind of work from there
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00946-00210248-00210415 yeah no that's great okay another
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00947-00210416-00210606 question has come in how is united way
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00948-00210607-00210879 worldwide assisting us with local goals
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00949-00210880-00211182 and achievements
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00950-00211183-00211342 so the one thing that really comes to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00951-00211344-00211542 mind first of all is that united way
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00952-00211544-00211703 worldwide
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00953-00211704-00211991 has made some diversity equity and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00954-00211992-00212303 inclusion standards that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00955-00212304-00212591 we as united ways need to meet
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00956-00212592-00212710 and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00957-00212711-00212903 kristin can actually talk to probably
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00958-00212904-00213158 the top two of those but the third one
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00959-00213159-00213375 is specifically to our investment
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00960-00213376-00213687 process and strategy and and that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00961-00213688-00213951 was being able to look at what is the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00962-00213952-00214223 data say where are we looking at
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00963-00214223-00214423 how are we looking at disparities that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00964-00214423-00214719 we see in in data and how are we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00965-00214719-00215119 um effectively um moving to ensure that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00966-00215119-00215255 we are
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00967-00215256-00215423 aligning our priorities and our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00968-00215423-00215687 investments with those disparities also
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00969-00215688-00215942 looking at i think we are very
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00970-00215944-00216071 comfortable
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00971-00216071-00216351 investing in the tried and true
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00972-00216352-00216710 um and we this really opened our eyes
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00973-00216711-00216871 and some of their guidance that we need
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00974-00216871-00217103 to look to some of those grassroots
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00975-00217104-00217342 newer non-profits that are in our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00976-00217344-00217575 community and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00977-00217576-00217839 we need to offer the support to them to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00978-00217840-00218127 grow into the tried and true
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00979-00218128-00218415 and not just make that an indicator that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00980-00218416-00218679 is immediately brushed aside so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00981-00218680-00218767 um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00982-00218767-00218958 that's one thing that i can think of is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00983-00218959-00219206 that they you know i i say that they're
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00984-00219207-00219398 they're requiring it but it's something
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00985-00219400-00219606 that i think we would even if they
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00986-00219607-00219839 didn't that's a that's that's the path
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00987-00219840-00220046 we would choose anyhow but they've been
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00988-00220048-00220255 able to offer some guidance and support
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00989-00220256-00220391 around that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00990-00220392-00220679 i also feel as if around advocacy that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00991-00220680-00220887 united way worldwide does a really nice
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00992-00220888-00221175 job of being able to connect us with our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00993-00221176-00221423 local representatives obviously we have
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00994-00221423-00221687 those connections as well but in the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00995-00221688-00221894 since my time here it sounds as if
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00996-00221896-00222094 before pre-povid there was a day on the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00997-00222096-00222263 hill when united way would fly to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00998-00222264-00222479 washington dc and we would advocate on
_KxdIcnMm-Y-00999-00222480-00222671 certain things and obviously we haven't
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01000-00222671-00222871 done that over the past couple years and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01001-00222871-00223094 they still do a day on the hill that's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01002-00223096-00223287 virtual but then there's also these
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01003-00223288-00223494 other opportunities in which
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01004-00223496-00223823 united way worldwide is focusing on
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01005-00223823-00223927 these
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01006-00223928-00224142 priorities within health education
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01007-00224144-00224375 financial stability some do match up
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01008-00224376-00224623 particularly with different areas others
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01009-00224623-00224934 may or may not child care may be one um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01010-00224935-00225175 but then they are really helping focus
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01011-00225176-00225287 and uh
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01012-00225288-00225519 tailor our messages when it comes to our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01013-00225519-00225663 representatives and giving us the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01014-00225664-00225951 opportunity to sign on to bills or sign
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01015-00225952-00226175 on to different ways to show our support
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01016-00226176-00226375 for certain bills so i think that's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01017-00226376-00226558 another way in which united way
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01018-00226559-00226758 worldwide helps us
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01019-00226759-00226934 and then i would also pull in united
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01020-00226935-00227167 ways of iowa we're a part of united ways
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01021-00227167-00227471 of iowa and which they truly do provide
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01022-00227471-00227734 a lot of support for us around advocacy
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01023-00227735-00227942 at the state level as well
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01024-00227944-00228023 and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01025-00228023-00228198 those are just great partnerships that
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01026-00228200-00228527 we're able to get support from as well
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01027-00228528-00228727 and the network just the network to be
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01028-00228728-00228991 able to understand what other
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01029-00228992-00229255 united ways have gone through what their
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01030-00229256-00229463 with their you know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01031-00229464-00229687 trials and tribulations and being able
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01032-00229688-00229903 to i think that's that's just a great
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01033-00229904-00230055 value add
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01034-00230056-00230279 i would agree
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01035-00230280-00230446 all right these questions from the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01036-00230448-00230694 audience have been wonderful looking to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01037-00230696-00231094 see if there are any more
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01038-00231096-00231279 do you have any final thoughts carrie or
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01039-00231280-00231446 things we haven't talked about at this
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01040-00231448-00231577 point that you want to add in
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01041-00231578-00231767 [Music]
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01042-00231767-00232134 you know i just um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01043-00232135-00232351 i think the thing that rings true to me
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01044-00232352-00232631 is that um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01045-00232632-00232871 the community impact assessment focused
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01046-00232871-00233142 very i mean it really focuses on focused
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01047-00233144-00233263 on
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01048-00233264-00233415 what are the things that aren't going
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01049-00233416-00233558 right
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01050-00233559-00233775 yeah so where are we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01051-00233776-00234191 kind of at and i think what has really
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01052-00234192-00234455 come out of it though is there are so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01053-00234456-00234663 many things that are that we are doing
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01054-00234664-00234934 well how do we take those and build off
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01055-00234935-00235055 of those
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01056-00235056-00235279 how do we um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01057-00235280-00235598 how do we
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01058-00235600-00235991 i don't know i i think sometimes it's um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01059-00235992-00236215 sometimes i think we set ourselves up to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01060-00236216-00236446 fail by having these big
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01061-00236448-00236775 big um goals that we want to be able to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01062-00236776-00236982 and this just isn't united way this is
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01063-00236983-00237127 in talking with a lot of different
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01064-00237128-00237327 organizations you know we're going to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01065-00237328-00237606 eliminate homelessness well are we ever
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01066-00237607-00237863 going to i mean that would be wonderful
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01067-00237864-00238071 but really we need to look at the steps
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01068-00238071-00238310 that we have taking and and and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01069-00238311-00238519 celebrate some of the the incremental
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01070-00238519-00238703 successes and so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01071-00238704-00238839 um
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01072-00238840-00239087 i think yeah i guess i you know it
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01073-00239088-00239303 starts it started out as deficiency and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01074-00239304-00239527 i think it's just building us up as as
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01075-00239528-00239727 being a stronger community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01076-00239728-00239967 and what i hear you say is it came out
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01077-00239967-00240134 as the deficiencies but then we were
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01078-00240135-00240342 able to start looking into what's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01079-00240344-00240591 already being done how we can continue
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01080-00240592-00240791 to process and prove that and that's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01081-00240792-00240942 where it's like hey
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01082-00240944-00241103 we might be further along on some of
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01083-00241104-00241246 these things than what we originally
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01084-00241248-00241327 thought
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01085-00241328-00241406 yep
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01086-00241407-00241527 i think so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01087-00241528-00241655 and i think that there's some things
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01088-00241656-00241919 that we have a long way to go
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01089-00241919-00242110 but i think that's the work that was
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01090-00242111-00242351 done to be able to start to understand
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01091-00242352-00242591 what some of those areas are
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01092-00242592-00242703 all right
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01093-00242704-00242894 well that gave a couple extra minutes
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01094-00242896-00243071 for people to put another
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01095-00243071-00243246 question into the chat and i don't see
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01096-00243248-00243503 any other questions coming in so
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01097-00243504-00243734 i'm wondering if maybe we might be done
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01098-00243735-00243942 thank you carrie just for your time and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01099-00243944-00244230 insight today um i think a big thank you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01100-00244231-00244415 to for you and all the work that you and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01101-00244416-00244646 your team has done in 2021 that was a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01102-00244648-00244863 pretty heavy lift and obviously there
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01103-00244864-00245087 was a lot other things going on with a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01104-00245088-00245367 pandemic and still clean up from doricho
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01105-00245367-00245575 and everything so you and your team have
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01106-00245576-00245742 done a lot of work so just thank you
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01107-00245744-00245958 from obviously us at united way but the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01108-00245959-00246094 community too i think there's going to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01109-00246096-00246279 be some real impact that this community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01110-00246280-00246463 impact assessment is going to move
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01111-00246464-00246694 forward for us for our community
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01112-00246696-00246958 so thank you thanks kristin yeah
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01113-00246959-00247151 thank you so much for joining us today
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01114-00247152-00247375 we always appreciate being able to get a
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01115-00247376-00247639 little deeper dive into what we do here
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01116-00247640-00247894 at united way for you for uh for you and
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01117-00247896-00248182 from us um on the horizons we alluded to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01118-00248183-00248439 it a little bit with carrie results from
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01119-00248440-00248646 the community impact are starting to be
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01120-00248648-00248863 used to frame some community-driven
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01121-00248864-00249079 strategy that will really just address
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01122-00249080-00249215 those needs that we talked about today
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01123-00249216-00249415 around housing child care childhood
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01124-00249416-00249558 success
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01125-00249559-00249679 you know
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01126-00249680-00249887 safety net services access to mental
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01127-00249888-00250167 health so stay tuned we're starting to
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01128-00250167-00250398 work through that and probably in about
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01129-00250400-00250598 a month or two late april early may
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01130-00250600-00250782 you'll probably start to hear mid-may
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01131-00250783-00250910 you'll start to hear about some more
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01132-00250911-00251119 things as to how united way is taking
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01133-00251119-00251327 this information and just moving it
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01134-00251328-00251582 along in our work so as always our
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01135-00251583-00251758 marketing people always want me to say
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01136-00251759-00251951 please stay tuned with us on social
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01137-00251952-00252327 media and our website at uweci.org
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01138-00252328-00252487 that's the best way to connect with us
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01139-00252488-00252719 or most of you have my email or kerry's
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01140-00252719-00252894 email we are available on the internet
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01141-00252896-00253039 so feel free to shoot us a message we're
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01142-00253040-00253142 always happy to continue the
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01143-00253144-00253303 conversation
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01144-00253304-00253503 all right thanks everyone we appreciate
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01145-00253504-00253703 your time today have a great day enjoy
_KxdIcnMm-Y-01146-00253704-00254035 the warm weather
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_MRLTcAd_xQ-00006-00007800-00008133 so
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_MRLTcAd_xQ-00009-00009136-00009270 so
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_MRLTcAd_xQ-00015-00013368-00013865 so
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_MRLTcAd_xQ-00021-00023279-00023631 so
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_MRLTcAd_xQ-00029-00032661-00033143 [Applause]
_MRLTcAd_xQ-00030-00033144-00033367 wow
_MRLTcAd_xQ-00031-00033368-00035383 [Music]
_MRLTcAd_xQ-00032-00035384-00035684 foreign
_N6ccavwUdY-00000-00000024-00000293 here's a strategy for securing a broad
_N6ccavwUdY-00001-00000294-00000551 patent so that your competitors can't
_N6ccavwUdY-00002-00000552-00000797 make a simple change and design around
_N6ccavwUdY-00003-00000798-00001061 your patent first you want to build a
_N6ccavwUdY-00004-00001062-00001391 patent portfolio and not just obtain one
_N6ccavwUdY-00005-00001392-00001721 pattern this sounds expensive but I'm
_N6ccavwUdY-00006-00001722-00001991 going to show you my strategy on how to
_N6ccavwUdY-00007-00001992-00002267 do so while on a tight budget oftentimes
_N6ccavwUdY-00008-00002268-00002459 when people think about path and
_N6ccavwUdY-00009-00002460-00002681 protection they think about the cost for
_N6ccavwUdY-00010-00002682-00002987 the entire process they think they can't
_N6ccavwUdY-00011-00002988-00003251 afford that let's just not get a patent
_N6ccavwUdY-00012-00003252-00003527 however this would be an error the
_N6ccavwUdY-00013-00003528-00003803 pattern process is a marathon you should
_N6ccavwUdY-00014-00003804-00003995 think about the timing of these costs
_N6ccavwUdY-00015-00003996-00004270 because you spend your money over a long
_N6ccavwUdY-00016-00004271-00004522 period of time if it costs sixty
_N6ccavwUdY-00017-00004523-00004709 thousand dollars to build a patent
_N6ccavwUdY-00018-00004710-00004961 portfolio but that money is spent over
_N6ccavwUdY-00019-00004962-00005261 the course of 10 years it becomes much
_N6ccavwUdY-00020-00005262-00005483 more affordable let me explain in a
_N6ccavwUdY-00021-00005484-00005747 little bit more detail your patent
_N6ccavwUdY-00022-00005748-00005968 portfolio won't be built within the
_N6ccavwUdY-00023-00005969-00006304 first few years rather it'll be built
_N6ccavwUdY-00024-00006305-00006545 over many years and possibly over two
_N6ccavwUdY-00025-00006545-00006881 decades you also won't file for multiple
_N6ccavwUdY-00026-00006881-00007228 patents all at once you go after them
_N6ccavwUdY-00027-00007229-00007577 one at a time and one after the other
_N6ccavwUdY-00028-00007578-00007810 this way the pattern costs are stretched
_N6ccavwUdY-00029-00007811-00008170 out over many many years second you'll
_N6ccavwUdY-00030-00008172-00008345 want to spend your time and energy in
_N6ccavwUdY-00031-00008346-00008585 getting patent protection on what I call
_N6ccavwUdY-00032-00008586-00008807 the design constraints
_N6ccavwUdY-00033-00008808-00009005 don't waste your money on protecting
_N6ccavwUdY-00034-00009006-00009281 every little aspect of your idea
_N6ccavwUdY-00035-00009282-00009617 spend it only on the important aspects
_N6ccavwUdY-00036-00009618-00009851 when you protect your design constraints
_N6ccavwUdY-00037-00009852-00010085 you protect the essence of your
_N6ccavwUdY-00038-00010086-00010174 invention
_N6ccavwUdY-00039-00010175-00010439 in this way your path and application
_N6ccavwUdY-00040-00010440-00010756 can dig deep into the nuances of your
_N6ccavwUdY-00041-00010757-00010996 design constraints and allow you to
_N6ccavwUdY-00042-00010997-00011206 claim your invention as broadly as
_N6ccavwUdY-00043-00011207-00011464 possible to help Focus your energy and
_N6ccavwUdY-00044-00011465-00011638 money you should do a path and search
_N6ccavwUdY-00045-00011639-00011933 it'll show you what areas of your idea
_N6ccavwUdY-00046-00011934-00012196 you need to focus on and which aspects
_N6ccavwUdY-00047-00012197-00012395 of your invention you can just simply
_N6ccavwUdY-00048-00012396-00012706 ignore lastly you'll want to use broad
_N6ccavwUdY-00049-00012707-00012971 claim language in your pattern however
_N6ccavwUdY-00050-00012972-00013277 this is easier said than done in my
_N6ccavwUdY-00051-00013278-00013505 opinion your first patent should not
_N6ccavwUdY-00052-00013506-00013703 have the broadest claim language as
_N6ccavwUdY-00053-00013704-00013799 possible
_N6ccavwUdY-00054-00013800-00014021 rather the claim language should be
_N6ccavwUdY-00055-00014022-00014279 broad enough to protect your field of
_N6ccavwUdY-00056-00014280-00014555 use or what we call your vertical Market
_N6ccavwUdY-00057-00014556-00014807 if your claim language is so broad that
_N6ccavwUdY-00058-00014808-00015058 it covers other vertical markets then
_N6ccavwUdY-00059-00015059-00015208 you generally will have a lot of
_N6ccavwUdY-00060-00015209-00015413 rejections and spend a lot of time and
_N6ccavwUdY-00061-00015413-00015658 money arguing with the examiner don't
_N6ccavwUdY-00062-00015659-00015905 worry as you build your portfolio you
_N6ccavwUdY-00063-00015906-00016091 have the chance to broaden your Acclaim
_N6ccavwUdY-00064-00016091-00016372 language so that it does cover other
_N6ccavwUdY-00065-00016373-00016619 vertical markets it's just that the
_N6ccavwUdY-00066-00016620-00016805 claim language in your first patent
_N6ccavwUdY-00067-00016806-00017044 should be directed to the market that
_N6ccavwUdY-00068-00017045-00017261 you're targeting this will make it less
_N6ccavwUdY-00069-00017262-00017525 costly in general to secure what I've
_N6ccavwUdY-00070-00017526-00017729 discussed so far is a brief introduction
_N6ccavwUdY-00071-00017730-00017986 to learn more about how you can build
_N6ccavwUdY-00072-00017987-00018239 your path and portfolio subscribe to
_N6ccavwUdY-00073-00018240-00018470 this channel
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00000-00000049-00000411 a strict Nature Reserve IUCN categoría
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00001-00000412-00000546 or wilderness area
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00002-00000547-00000819 IUCN category it is the highest category
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00003-00000819-00001058 of protected area recognized by the
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00004-00001059-00001365 world Commission on protected areas wcp
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00005-00001366-00001541 a a body which is part of the
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00006-00001542-00001751 International Union for Conservation of
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00007-00001752-00002159 Nature IUCN these category I areas are
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00008-00002160-00002366 the most stringently protected natural
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00009-00002367-00002906 landscapes
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00010-00002907-00003409 topic purpose
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00011-00003410-00003735 strict nature reserves in wilderness
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00012-00003736-00003951 areas that are created and managed
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00013-00003952-00004167 mainly for the purposes of research or
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00014-00004168-00004371 for the protection of large unspoiled
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00015-00004372-00004635 areas of wilderness their primary
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00016-00004636-00004793 purpose as the preservation of
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00017-00004794-00005016 biodiversity and as essential reference
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00018-00005017-00005202 areas for scientific work and
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00019-00005203-00005606 environmental monitoring IUCN category
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00020-00005607-00005789 II a strict nature reserves are
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00021-00005790-00006003 generally established exclusively for
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00022-00006004-00006191 scientific fieldwork
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00023-00006192-00006552 IUCN category of wilderness areas are
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00024-00006553-00006858 defined as large unmodified or slightly
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00025-00006859-00007124 modified areas retaining their natural
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00026-00007125-00007302 character and influence without
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00027-00007303-00007518 permanent or significant human
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00028-00007519-00007727 habitation which are protected and
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00029-00007728-00007956 managed so as to preserve their natural
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00030-00007956-00008262 condition usage and intrusion are
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00031-00008263-00008526 strictly controlled as a result strict
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00032-00008527-00008735 nature reserves often form the core
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00033-00008736-00008970 zones with wilderness areas acting as a
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00034-00008971-00009210 buffer zone similar to the concept used
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00035-00009211-00009452 for national parks which are IUCN
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00036-00009453-00009713 category 2 but also for UNESCO World
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00037-00009714-00010321 Heritage Sites
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00038-00010322-00011219 topic protected areas
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00039-00011220-00011707 topic Austria
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00040-00011708-00011965 in Austria only one area has been
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00041-00011966-00012223 designated as an IU CN category I
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00042-00012224-00012640 protected area world Roth wold IUCN eeeh
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00043-00012641-00012850 in the wildness jibbity Ornstein in
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00044-00012851-00013425 lower Austrian isin worsen
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00045-00013426-00014047 topic British Indian Ocean Territory
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00046-00014049-00014333 parts of diego garcia and other islands
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00047-00014334-00014480 in the British Indian Ocean Territory
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00048-00014481-00015241 are protected as strict nature reserves
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00049-00015243-00015713 topic Germany
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00050-00015713-00015890 in their national strategy for
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00051-00015891-00016144 biological diversity out to 2020
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00052-00016146-00016430 published in 2007 the German federal
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00053-00016431-00016682 government set the aim of allowing 2% of
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00054-00016683-00016916 the area of Germany to develop naturally
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00055-00016917-00017084 and in an undisturbed way into
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00056-00017085-00017664 wilderness areas
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00057-00017665-00018135 topic France
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00058-00018136-00018459 officially created in the 1950s integral
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00059-00018460-00018714 biological reserves reserves biologics
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00060-00018715-00018984 integralists RBI were dedicated to man
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00061-00018985-00019239 free ecosystem evolution on the contrary
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00062-00019240-00019476 of managed biological reserves reserves
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00063-00019477-00019767 biologics dereje's RBD where a specific
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00064-00019768-00019965 management is applied to conserve
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00065-00019966-00020148 vulnerable species or threatened
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00066-00020149-00020487 habitats integral biological reserves
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00067-00020488-00020721 occurs in French state forests or city
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00068-00020722-00020925 forests and are therefore managed by the
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00069-00020926-00021243 national forests office in such reserves
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00070-00021244-00021495 all harvest scoop are forbidden accepted
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00071-00021496-00021714 exotic species elimination or track
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00072-00021715-00021951 safety works to avoid fallen tree risk
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00073-00021952-00022188 to visitors already existing tracks in
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00074-00022189-00022473 or on the edge of the reserve at the end
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00075-00022474-00022575 of 2014
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00076-00022576-00022794 there were 60 integral biological
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00077-00022795-00023007 reserves in French state forests for a
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00078-00023008-00023364 total area of 100 11,000 82 hectares and
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00079-00023365-00023697 10 in city forests for a total of 2,800
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00080-00023698-00024292 35 hectares
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00081-00024293-00024813 topic United States
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00082-00024814-00025191 in the USA wilderness areas NW PS are
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00083-00025192-00025422 the strictest category of protected area
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00084-00025423-00025674 they are designated by law in accordance
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00085-00025675-00025992 with the Wilderness Act of 1964 by the
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00086-00025993-00026153 United States Congress
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00087-00026154-00026394 they must cover an area of at least
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00088-00026395-00026739 5,000 acres 2023 hectares with the
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00089-00026739-00026931 exception of islands and may only be
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00090-00026932-00027202 entered on foot by canoe or on horseback
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00091-00027204-00027456 exceptions are the extensive areas of
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00092-00027457-00027699 wilderness in Alaska at the beginning of
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00093-00027700-00028011 2010 there were over 750 recognized
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00094-00028012-00028630 wilderness areas
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00095-00028631-00029158 topic see also
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00096-00029159-00029536 wilderness IUCN protected area
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00097-00029537-00030236 categories natural landscape
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00098-00030237-00030745 topic sources
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00099-00030747-00031087 Nigel Dudley the 25th of September 2012
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00100-00031088-00031349 guidelines for applying protected area
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00101-00031350-00031876 management categories 2008 PDF NN FRS
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00102-00031877-00032255 IUCN ISBN nine seven eight two eight
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00103-00032256-00032572 three one seven one oh eight six Oh
_NNXpSq3XQ0-00104-00032573-00033059 retrieved January 17 2013
_p6IDJt-M-0-00000-00000000-00000038 [Music]
_p6IDJt-M-0-00001-00000039-00000279 hey youtube i'm back and today we're
_p6IDJt-M-0-00002-00000280-00000407 going to be talking about
_p6IDJt-M-0-00003-00000408-00000726 ziltek rainbow pla are you ready let's
_p6IDJt-M-0-00004-00000727-00002079 do this
_p6IDJt-M-0-00005-00002080-00002279 welcome back well first of all my name
_p6IDJt-M-0-00006-00002280-00002471 is paul and welcome to my youtube
_p6IDJt-M-0-00007-00002472-00002663 channel where nerdy is cool
_p6IDJt-M-0-00008-00002664-00002871 if this is the first time seeing me be
_p6IDJt-M-0-00009-00002872-00003007 sure to hit the button down below
_p6IDJt-M-0-00010-00003008-00003150 and become a subscriber i don't want you
_p6IDJt-M-0-00011-00003151-00003359 to miss any of my cool videos i do a lot
_p6IDJt-M-0-00012-00003360-00003495 of stuff on 3d printing
_p6IDJt-M-0-00013-00003496-00003790 tutorials reviews and of course i have a
_p6IDJt-M-0-00014-00003792-00003990 zillion hobbies r2d2 buildings
_p6IDJt-M-0-00015-00003992-00004127 stormtroopers
_p6IDJt-M-0-00016-00004128-00004303 yeah you know i could go on but you
_p6IDJt-M-0-00017-00004304-00004486 don't care so anyway
_p6IDJt-M-0-00018-00004487-00004735 this time around i picked up some ziltek
_p6IDJt-M-0-00019-00004736-00004919 rainbow pla material
_p6IDJt-M-0-00020-00004920-00005263 and this stuff is 1995 and the beautiful
_p6IDJt-M-0-00021-00005264-00005318 thing about
_p6IDJt-M-0-00022-00005319-00005543 the ziltek filament for me is that it's
_p6IDJt-M-0-00023-00005544-00005727 very easy to print
_p6IDJt-M-0-00024-00005728-00005934 i didn't have to do anything crazy fancy
_p6IDJt-M-0-00025-00005935-00006079 to get these results
_p6IDJt-M-0-00026-00006080-00006254 the hot end on my printers were set to
_p6IDJt-M-0-00027-00006255-00006470 200 degrees celsius the heated bed was
_p6IDJt-M-0-00028-00006472-00006646 set to 60 degrees celsius
_p6IDJt-M-0-00029-00006647-00006806 now i didn't print these in vase mode
_p6IDJt-M-0-00030-00006808-00006951 these are
_p6IDJt-M-0-00031-00006952-00007191 much more solid and you can squeeze them
_p6IDJt-M-0-00032-00007192-00007295 and they're not nothing's going to
_p6IDJt-M-0-00033-00007295-00007391 happen
_p6IDJt-M-0-00034-00007392-00007639 what i did is i did four bottoms and i
_p6IDJt-M-0-00035-00007640-00007823 did three perimeters so they're good and
_p6IDJt-M-0-00036-00007823-00008014 thick and they do hold water
_p6IDJt-M-0-00037-00008015-00008199 and gentlemen if you give these to your
_p6IDJt-M-0-00038-00008200-00008359 ladies you also have to provide the
_p6IDJt-M-0-00039-00008360-00008455 flowers
_p6IDJt-M-0-00040-00008456-00008663 and these things i mean really i mean
_p6IDJt-M-0-00041-00008664-00008799 they printed really great
_p6IDJt-M-0-00042-00008800-00008951 and then the neat thing as you can see
_p6IDJt-M-0-00043-00008952-00009110 on the roll the filament here
_p6IDJt-M-0-00044-00009111-00009335 the fade from one color to the other is
_p6IDJt-M-0-00045-00009336-00009574 very gradual so if you print something
_p6IDJt-M-0-00046-00009575-00009751 bigger that uses more material you're
_p6IDJt-M-0-00047-00009752-00009951 going to see a more dramatic fade
_p6IDJt-M-0-00048-00009952-00010151 you're printing smaller things not so
_p6IDJt-M-0-00049-00010152-00010406 much i did a test print of a of a small
_p6IDJt-M-0-00050-00010407-00010503 print and
_p6IDJt-M-0-00051-00010504-00010838 it showed up as just that one color so
_p6IDJt-M-0-00052-00010839-00010999 this is one of those materials where i
_p6IDJt-M-0-00053-00011000-00011151 encourage you to print
_p6IDJt-M-0-00054-00011152-00011374 big now as i mentioned ziltek has this
_p6IDJt-M-0-00055-00011375-00011538 for sale on their website for
_p6IDJt-M-0-00056-00011539-00011895 19.95 we have a coupon code nerdy is
_p6IDJt-M-0-00057-00011896-00012023 cool we'll save you
_p6IDJt-M-0-00058-00012024-00012287 15 so that will bring the price down i
_p6IDJt-M-0-00059-00012288-00012463 checked their website earlier it is in
_p6IDJt-M-0-00060-00012464-00012559 stock so
_p6IDJt-M-0-00061-00012560-00012710 this isn't the kind of thing where i'm
_p6IDJt-M-0-00062-00012711-00012910 saying you should go get this and try it
_p6IDJt-M-0-00063-00012911-00013230 and it's out of stock now what happens a
_p6IDJt-M-0-00064-00013231-00013391 week from now i have no idea
_p6IDJt-M-0-00065-00013391-00013566 but uh this has been a lot of fun to
_p6IDJt-M-0-00066-00013568-00013727 print very easy to print
_p6IDJt-M-0-00067-00013728-00013886 and i wanted to share with you guys a
_p6IDJt-M-0-00068-00013887-00014055 couple pictures here are some of the
_p6IDJt-M-0-00069-00014056-00014207 prints that i've done
_p6IDJt-M-0-00070-00014208-00014383 you can see that i have i think i've
_p6IDJt-M-0-00071-00014384-00014599 made basically 10 or 11
_p6IDJt-M-0-00072-00014600-00014815 vases vases i can't remember how that
_p6IDJt-M-0-00073-00014816-00014943 goes but anyway
_p6IDJt-M-0-00074-00014944-00015215 and it's been a really no problem
_p6IDJt-M-0-00075-00015216-00015358 whatsoever printing this stuff
_p6IDJt-M-0-00076-00015359-00015558 as i recommend like i said anytime
_p6IDJt-M-0-00077-00015559-00015783 you're printing with a new filament
_p6IDJt-M-0-00078-00015784-00016007 what i do is i always do an extrusion
_p6IDJt-M-0-00079-00016008-00016150 multiplier test
_p6IDJt-M-0-00080-00016151-00016366 i'll put a link down below for one that
_p6IDJt-M-0-00081-00016368-00016519 i use on thingiverse
_p6IDJt-M-0-00082-00016520-00016758 and essentially once i do that test cube
_p6IDJt-M-0-00083-00016759-00016943 and i do the measuring and the math i
_p6IDJt-M-0-00084-00016944-00017111 can figure out if i'm over or under
_p6IDJt-M-0-00085-00017112-00017215 extruding
_p6IDJt-M-0-00086-00017216-00017452 make the adjustment and then off i go
_p6IDJt-M-0-00087-00017453-00017599 [Music]
_p6IDJt-M-0-00088-00017600-00017775 okay i said it'd be a short video i'm
_p6IDJt-M-0-00089-00017776-00017919 gonna keep my promise
_p6IDJt-M-0-00090-00017920-00018255 great material great price great results
_p6IDJt-M-0-00091-00018256-00018430 so i hope you guys have an opportunity
_p6IDJt-M-0-00092-00018431-00018575 to try it out take advantage of the
_p6IDJt-M-0-00093-00018576-00018663 discount
_p6IDJt-M-0-00094-00018664-00018886 and let me know what kind of results you
_p6IDJt-M-0-00095-00018887-00019063 get let me know in the comment section
_p6IDJt-M-0-00096-00019064-00019214 down below
_p6IDJt-M-0-00097-00019215-00019447 and that's it for this time but remember
_p6IDJt-M-0-00098-00019448-00019655 this is where nerdy is cool
_p6IDJt-M-0-00099-00019656-00020311 have a good one be safe guys
_p6IDJt-M-0-00100-00020312-00020655 one more try oh but
_p6IDJt-M-0-00101-00020656-00021014 that wasn't a good take five
_p6IDJt-M-0-00102-00021015-00021214 even though 97 of my viewers aren't
_p6IDJt-M-0-00103-00021215-00021327 subscribers but
_p6IDJt-M-0-00104-00021328-00021639 that's not important anyway so this is
_p6IDJt-M-0-00105-00021640-00021735 where nerdy is cool
_p6IDJt-M-0-00106-00021736-00022119 okay why can't i get my own catchphrase
_p6IDJt-M-0-00107-00022120-00022423 five four
_Udz7Sjztm8-00000-00000112-00000351 namaste and welcome to yoga vidya
_Udz7Sjztm8-00001-00000352-00000623 practice video aruna and sukhadev
_Udz7Sjztm8-00002-00000624-00000847 welcome you to an intermediate session
_Udz7Sjztm8-00003-00000848-00001215 of pranayama kapalabhati l and alternate
_Udz7Sjztm8-00004-00001216-00001470 nostril breathing
_Udz7Sjztm8-00005-00001471-00001726 sit up nice and straight either in a
_Udz7Sjztm8-00006-00001727-00001895 cross-legged position or kneeling
_Udz7Sjztm8-00007-00001896-00002231 position or on a chair
_Udz7Sjztm8-00008-00002232-00002510 shoulders backwards
_Udz7Sjztm8-00009-00002511-00002783 head and neck straight
_Udz7Sjztm8-00010-00002784-00003047 and breathe a few times deeply
_Udz7Sjztm8-00011-00003048-00003283 inhale abdomen out
_Udz7Sjztm8-00012-00003284-00003567 exhale abdomen in
_Udz7Sjztm8-00013-00003568-00003838 inhale abdomen out
_Udz7Sjztm8-00014-00003839-00004159 exhale abdomen in
_Udz7Sjztm8-00015-00004160-00004463 inhale abdomen out and begin with
_Udz7Sjztm8-00016-00004464-00005047 kapalabhati one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00017-00005048-00005638 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00018-00005639-00006254 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00019-00006255-00006887 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00020-00006888-00007487 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00021-00007488-00008070 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00022-00008072-00008442 two one two one two
_Udz7Sjztm8-00023-00008443-00008799 exhale completely
_Udz7Sjztm8-00024-00008800-00009178 now inhale deeply abdomen out
_Udz7Sjztm8-00025-00009179-00009551 exhale completely abdomen in
_Udz7Sjztm8-00026-00009552-00009967 now inhale comfortably
_Udz7Sjztm8-00027-00009968-00010374 and retain your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00028-00010375-00010687 keep your back nice and straight
_Udz7Sjztm8-00029-00010688-00010974 relax your facial muscles relax your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00030-00010975-00011135 eyes
_Udz7Sjztm8-00031-00011136-00011310 and then bring your concentration on
_Udz7Sjztm8-00032-00011311-00011591 your abdominal area
_Udz7Sjztm8-00033-00011592-00011767 you can visualize
_Udz7Sjztm8-00034-00011768-00012142 a warm sun in your abdomen
_Udz7Sjztm8-00035-00012143-00012631 radiant full of light giving you joy
_Udz7Sjztm8-00036-00012632-00012943 feel that warmth or that energy or just
_Udz7Sjztm8-00037-00012944-00013751 feel centered
_Udz7Sjztm8-00038-00013752-00013966 hold your breath only for as long as
_Udz7Sjztm8-00039-00013968-00014135 comfortable whenever you feel like
_Udz7Sjztm8-00040-00014136-00014399 breathing breathe normally but keep your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00041-00014400-00015294 concentration in your abdominal area
_Udz7Sjztm8-00042-00015295-00015815 next round exhale completely
_Udz7Sjztm8-00043-00015816-00016171 inhale abdomen out
_Udz7Sjztm8-00044-00016172-00016558 exhale abdomen in
_Udz7Sjztm8-00045-00016559-00016830 inhale abdomen out
_Udz7Sjztm8-00046-00016831-00017391 and begin one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00047-00017392-00018014 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00048-00018015-00018639 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00049-00018640-00019255 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00050-00019256-00019871 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00051-00019872-00020039 two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00052-00020040-00020303 exhale completely
_Udz7Sjztm8-00053-00020304-00020843 now inhale very deeply
_Udz7Sjztm8-00054-00020844-00021294 exhale completely
_Udz7Sjztm8-00055-00021295-00021519 inhale comfortable
_Udz7Sjztm8-00056-00021520-00021894 comfortably inhale for three quarters
_Udz7Sjztm8-00057-00021895-00022086 fill up your lungs to three quarters
_Udz7Sjztm8-00058-00022087-00022527 then retain your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00059-00022528-00022743 feel that the energies move upwards from
_Udz7Sjztm8-00060-00022744-00022958 your abdomen to your heart and to your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00061-00022959-00023111 forehead
_Udz7Sjztm8-00062-00023112-00023319 or you might feel that the energy moves
_Udz7Sjztm8-00063-00023320-00023542 upwards through your spine towards the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00064-00023543-00023814 top of your head
_Udz7Sjztm8-00065-00023815-00024135 you can also do mula banda contract the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00066-00024136-00024358 inner sphincter muscles and imagine that
_Udz7Sjztm8-00067-00024359-00024567 the energies move upwards towards your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00068-00024568-00025319 head
_Udz7Sjztm8-00069-00025320-00025471 hold your breath for as long as
_Udz7Sjztm8-00070-00025472-00025734 comfortable
_Udz7Sjztm8-00071-00025735-00025911 whenever you have to breathe breathe
_Udz7Sjztm8-00072-00025912-00026102 normally and you inhale towards the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00073-00026104-00026439 bottom of your spine and exhale you
_Udz7Sjztm8-00074-00026439-00026639 exhale towards the top of your head
_Udz7Sjztm8-00075-00026639-00026862 inhale to the base of the spine exhale
_Udz7Sjztm8-00076-00026863-00027695 towards the top of your head
_Udz7Sjztm8-00077-00027695-00027862 one more round
_Udz7Sjztm8-00078-00027863-00028227 exhale completely
_Udz7Sjztm8-00079-00028227-00028562 inhale abdomen out
_Udz7Sjztm8-00080-00028563-00028911 exhale abdomen in
_Udz7Sjztm8-00081-00028912-00029174 inhale abdomen out
_Udz7Sjztm8-00082-00029175-00029718 and begin one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00083-00029719-00030302 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00084-00030303-00030879 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00085-00030880-00031446 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00086-00031447-00032007 two one two one two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00087-00032008-00033661 two one two one two one
_Udz7Sjztm8-00088-00033662-00034287 [Music]
_Udz7Sjztm8-00089-00034288-00034679 and exhale deeply abdomen in
_Udz7Sjztm8-00090-00034680-00034999 inhale come completely fill up your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00091-00035000-00035159 lungs
_Udz7Sjztm8-00092-00035160-00035295 exhale
_Udz7Sjztm8-00093-00035296-00035518 completely
_Udz7Sjztm8-00094-00035519-00035846 now inhale comfortably
_Udz7Sjztm8-00095-00035847-00036046 fill up your lungs to three quarters of
_Udz7Sjztm8-00096-00036047-00036479 the capacity now hold your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00097-00036480-00036646 and now concentrate
_Udz7Sjztm8-00098-00036647-00037183 on the top of your head
_Udz7Sjztm8-00099-00037184-00037551 feel the energy radiate
_Udz7Sjztm8-00100-00037552-00037911 towards the sky
_Udz7Sjztm8-00101-00037912-00038230 means shining skull
_Udz7Sjztm8-00102-00038231-00038462 you can visualize light going into all
_Udz7Sjztm8-00103-00038463-00038679 directions
_Udz7Sjztm8-00104-00038680-00038999 or you can just feel light and
_Udz7Sjztm8-00105-00039000-00039199 connected open
_Udz7Sjztm8-00107-00042800-00043062 hold your breath if you can
_Udz7Sjztm8-00108-00043063-00043230 if you breathe still keep your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00109-00043231-00043535 concentration on top of your head feel
_Udz7Sjztm8-00110-00043536-00043855 this light radiating from your skull
_Udz7Sjztm8-00111-00043856-00045718 from the top of your head
_Udz7Sjztm8-00112-00045719-00046283 and now exhale completely
_Udz7Sjztm8-00113-00046284-00046646 inhale deeply
_Udz7Sjztm8-00114-00046647-00046999 and exhale a few times inhale and exhale
_Udz7Sjztm8-00115-00047000-00047223 if you sit comfortably you can remain
_Udz7Sjztm8-00116-00047224-00047455 seated
_Udz7Sjztm8-00117-00047456-00047607 if you're not that comfortable and you
_Udz7Sjztm8-00118-00047608-00047839 can stretch out your legs and twist a
_Udz7Sjztm8-00119-00047840-00048030 little bit towards the right and towards
_Udz7Sjztm8-00120-00048031-00048311 the left
_Udz7Sjztm8-00121-00048312-00048551 next exercise will be alternate nostril
_Udz7Sjztm8-00122-00048552-00048774 breathing anuloma viloma
_Udz7Sjztm8-00123-00048775-00049007 for purifying the nadis the energy
_Udz7Sjztm8-00124-00049008-00049358 channels nadi
_Udz7Sjztm8-00125-00049359-00049630 activates your energies and
_Udz7Sjztm8-00126-00049631-00049918 lets your energy field radiate
_Udz7Sjztm8-00127-00049919-00050174 and alternate nostril breathing purifies
_Udz7Sjztm8-00128-00050175-00050351 your energy channels
_Udz7Sjztm8-00129-00050352-00050639 and helps to store up the energy in the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00130-00050640-00050830 different chakras the different energy
_Udz7Sjztm8-00131-00050831-00051055 centers
_Udz7Sjztm8-00132-00051056-00051246 again make sure you sit nice and
_Udz7Sjztm8-00133-00051247-00051511 straight
_Udz7Sjztm8-00134-00051512-00051846 exhale completely
_Udz7Sjztm8-00135-00051847-00052142 inhale abdomen out
_Udz7Sjztm8-00136-00052144-00052423 exhale lower your abdomen now close your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00137-00052424-00052679 right nostril with your right thumb
_Udz7Sjztm8-00138-00052679-00053191 and inhale through the left
_Udz7Sjztm8-00139-00053191-00053535 hold your breath close your nostrils
_Udz7Sjztm8-00140-00053536-00053687 with your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00141-00053688-00054287 right thumb and ring finger
_Udz7Sjztm8-00142-00054288-00054663 and exhale through the right relaxing
_Udz7Sjztm8-00143-00054664-00055023 while exhaling
_Udz7Sjztm8-00144-00055024-00055326 now inhale for four seconds inhale new
_Udz7Sjztm8-00145-00055327-00055566 energy new strength abdomen goes out
_Udz7Sjztm8-00146-00055567-00055726 hold your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00147-00055727-00056054 close both nostrils
_Udz7Sjztm8-00148-00056055-00056326 and feel your whole body recharged with
_Udz7Sjztm8-00149-00056327-00056479 energy
_Udz7Sjztm8-00150-00056479-00056687 feel full of strength and full of
_Udz7Sjztm8-00151-00056688-00057087 positivity
_Udz7Sjztm8-00152-00057088-00057463 now exhale through the left and imagine
_Udz7Sjztm8-00153-00057464-00057950 you relax the left side of your body
_Udz7Sjztm8-00154-00057951-00058215 inhale through the left feel that you
_Udz7Sjztm8-00155-00058216-00058479 energize the left half of your body
_Udz7Sjztm8-00156-00058479-00058775 retain your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00157-00058776-00059047 and now concentrate on your spine from
_Udz7Sjztm8-00158-00059048-00059238 the base of the spine to the top of your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00159-00059239-00059366 head and
_Udz7Sjztm8-00160-00059367-00059566 imagine that the whole spine is
_Udz7Sjztm8-00161-00059567-00059926 energized
_Udz7Sjztm8-00162-00059927-00060230 exhale through the right and imagine you
_Udz7Sjztm8-00163-00060232-00060454 relax the right part of your body and
_Udz7Sjztm8-00164-00060455-00060663 let your energy radiate towards the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00165-00060664-00060759 right
_Udz7Sjztm8-00166-00060760-00061015 inhale through the right energize the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00167-00061016-00061206 right part of your body
_Udz7Sjztm8-00168-00061207-00061471 hold your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00169-00061472-00061775 and feel the energy move upwards through
_Udz7Sjztm8-00170-00061776-00062023 your spine
_Udz7Sjztm8-00171-00062024-00062406 towards the top of your head
_Udz7Sjztm8-00172-00062407-00062750 exhale through the left and let the left
_Udz7Sjztm8-00173-00062751-00063119 part of your body relax completely
_Udz7Sjztm8-00174-00063120-00063406 now inhale through the left and imagine
_Udz7Sjztm8-00175-00063407-00063615 you inhale towards the base of the spine
_Udz7Sjztm8-00176-00063616-00063863 mulla
_Udz7Sjztm8-00177-00063864-00064047 hold your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00178-00064048-00064303 and imagine you activate the muladhara
_Udz7Sjztm8-00179-00064304-00064582 chakra the earth center you can also
_Udz7Sjztm8-00180-00064583-00065126 visualize roots from the earth
_Udz7Sjztm8-00181-00065127-00065423 exhale through the right feel the base
_Udz7Sjztm8-00182-00065424-00065687 of your spine and feel the roots from
_Udz7Sjztm8-00183-00065688-00065903 the earth
_Udz7Sjztm8-00184-00065904-00066111 inhale
_Udz7Sjztm8-00185-00066112-00066311 base of the spine connection with mother
_Udz7Sjztm8-00186-00066312-00066559 earth hold your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00187-00066560-00066950 and feel yourself firmly grounded firmly
_Udz7Sjztm8-00188-00066951-00067519 rooted
_Udz7Sjztm8-00189-00067520-00067887 exhale through the left
_Udz7Sjztm8-00190-00067888-00068255 towards the swaddhistana chakra
_Udz7Sjztm8-00191-00068256-00068559 coccox inhale left
_Udz7Sjztm8-00192-00068560-00068759 sacrum
_Udz7Sjztm8-00193-00068760-00068967 and retain your breath concentrate on
_Udz7Sjztm8-00194-00068968-00069199 the sacrum and your genital organs the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00195-00069200-00069406 water element
_Udz7Sjztm8-00196-00069407-00070279 you can also visualize water there
_Udz7Sjztm8-00197-00070280-00070655 exhale through the right and concentrate
_Udz7Sjztm8-00198-00070656-00071071 on the sacrum and your genital organs
_Udz7Sjztm8-00199-00071072-00071326 inhale through the right energize the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00200-00071327-00071606 swadhistana chakra water element retain
_Udz7Sjztm8-00201-00071607-00071799 your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00202-00071800-00072038 feel that water element giving you
_Udz7Sjztm8-00203-00072039-00072271 creativity
_Udz7Sjztm8-00204-00072272-00072767 i'm full of creativity
_Udz7Sjztm8-00205-00072768-00073167 exhale through the left exhale towards
_Udz7Sjztm8-00206-00073168-00073255 the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00207-00073256-00073879 lumbar spine inhale tw through the left
_Udz7Sjztm8-00208-00073880-00074135 hold your breath and now feel the lumbar
_Udz7Sjztm8-00209-00074136-00074247 spine
_Udz7Sjztm8-00210-00074248-00074526 as well as your abdomen solar plex you
_Udz7Sjztm8-00211-00074527-00074782 can visualize a sun or a fire fire
_Udz7Sjztm8-00212-00074783-00074982 element
_Udz7Sjztm8-00213-00074983-00075215 full of courage and self-confidence
_Udz7Sjztm8-00214-00075216-00075543 exhale through the right and let that
_Udz7Sjztm8-00215-00075544-00075926 sun radiate energy light and warmth
_Udz7Sjztm8-00216-00075927-00076159 inhale through the right enhance the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00217-00076160-00076462 fire energy and the sun energy retain
_Udz7Sjztm8-00218-00076463-00076599 your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00219-00076600-00076894 and feel yourself firmly centered full
_Udz7Sjztm8-00220-00076895-00077182 of courage and strength feel that fire
_Udz7Sjztm8-00221-00077183-00077926 and that inner sunshine
_Udz7Sjztm8-00222-00077927-00078182 exhale through the left and exhale
_Udz7Sjztm8-00223-00078183-00078415 upwards towards your chest and your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00224-00078416-00078726 heart
_Udz7Sjztm8-00225-00078727-00078935 inhale towards the middle of your chest
_Udz7Sjztm8-00226-00078936-00079126 your spiritual heart inhale through the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00227-00079127-00079335 left retain your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00228-00079336-00079599 concentrate on the middle of your chest
_Udz7Sjztm8-00229-00079600-00079967 on your heart chakra
_Udz7Sjztm8-00230-00079968-00080206 wind element air element
_Udz7Sjztm8-00231-00080207-00080726 openness wideness connectedness
_Udz7Sjztm8-00232-00080727-00080975 exhale through the right and let your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00233-00080976-00081143 heart expand
_Udz7Sjztm8-00234-00081144-00081343 feel that love
_Udz7Sjztm8-00235-00081344-00081550 and compassion
_Udz7Sjztm8-00236-00081551-00081775 inhale through the right towards the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00237-00081776-00081959 center of your heart
_Udz7Sjztm8-00238-00081960-00082118 hold your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00239-00082119-00082479 concentrate in the center of your heart
_Udz7Sjztm8-00240-00082480-00082638 feel
_Udz7Sjztm8-00241-00082639-00083503 love joy happiness
_Udz7Sjztm8-00242-00083504-00083775 exhale through the left exhale up
_Udz7Sjztm8-00243-00083776-00084303 towards your throat and your neck
_Udz7Sjztm8-00244-00084304-00084591 inhale through your left towards your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00245-00084592-00084767 neck and your throat
_Udz7Sjztm8-00246-00084768-00084991 hold your breath the shoulder chakra
_Udz7Sjztm8-00247-00084992-00085279 throat center
_Udz7Sjztm8-00248-00085280-00085550 feel connected with our being it's this
_Udz7Sjztm8-00249-00085551-00085871 the space element ether element feeling
_Udz7Sjztm8-00250-00085872-00086103 of connectedness
_Udz7Sjztm8-00251-00086104-00086375 connected with the infinite
_Udz7Sjztm8-00252-00086376-00086526 exhale
_Udz7Sjztm8-00253-00086527-00086735 through the right
_Udz7Sjztm8-00254-00086736-00087126 and let your awareness expand
_Udz7Sjztm8-00255-00087127-00087359 inhale through the right towards your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00256-00087360-00087543 throat
_Udz7Sjztm8-00257-00087544-00087759 hold your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00258-00087760-00088062 feel your throat feel your neck
_Udz7Sjztm8-00259-00088063-00088255 feel that connectedness
_Udz7Sjztm8-00260-00088256-00088423 connectedness will be infinite i am
_Udz7Sjztm8-00261-00088424-00088647 connected with all beings i am connected
_Udz7Sjztm8-00262-00088648-00088823 with the infinite
_Udz7Sjztm8-00263-00088824-00089118 exhale through the left exhale up
_Udz7Sjztm8-00264-00089119-00089303 towards the point between the eyebrows
_Udz7Sjztm8-00265-00089304-00089543 and the middle of your forehead
_Udz7Sjztm8-00266-00089544-00089718 inhale towards the point between the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00267-00089719-00089959 eyebrows and middle of your forehead
_Udz7Sjztm8-00268-00089960-00090111 retain
_Udz7Sjztm8-00269-00090112-00090279 hold your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00270-00090280-00090750 and feel the middle of your forehead
_Udz7Sjztm8-00271-00090751-00091526 center of intuition of higher knowledge
_Udz7Sjztm8-00272-00091527-00091767 exhale through the right and let the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00273-00091768-00091903 energy of your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00274-00091904-00092294 chakra forehead expand
_Udz7Sjztm8-00275-00092295-00092526 inhale through the right towards your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00276-00092527-00092806 acne chakra middle of your forehead
_Udz7Sjztm8-00277-00092807-00092974 hold your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00278-00092975-00093150 and feel the middle of your forehead
_Udz7Sjztm8-00279-00093151-00093391 maybe you'll get some vibration there
_Udz7Sjztm8-00280-00093392-00093950 you visualize a light
_Udz7Sjztm8-00281-00093951-00094206 exhale through the left up towards the
_Udz7Sjztm8-00282-00094207-00094711 top of your head
_Udz7Sjztm8-00283-00094712-00094903 inhale towards the top of your head
_Udz7Sjztm8-00284-00094904-00095182 sahasrara chakra
_Udz7Sjztm8-00285-00095183-00095359 hold your breath
_Udz7Sjztm8-00286-00095360-00095567 and now concentrate on the top of your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00287-00095568-00095862 head and the space above your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00288-00095863-00096079 your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00289-00096080-00096294 the top of your head
_Udz7Sjztm8-00290-00096295-00096743 feel that light or feel that openness
_Udz7Sjztm8-00291-00096744-00097006 and exhale through the right let your
_Udz7Sjztm8-00292-00097007-00097199 awareness your energy and your light
_Udz7Sjztm8-00293-00097200-00097535 expand towards the sky
_Udz7Sjztm8-00294-00097536-00097950 inhale through the right
_Udz7Sjztm8-00295-00097951-00098247 all the breath and feel connected
_Udz7Sjztm8-00296-00098248-00098471 towards the sky throughout the heaven
_Udz7Sjztm8-00297-00098472-00099559 towards the divine light
_Udz7Sjztm8-00298-00099560-00100038 exhale through the left
_Udz7Sjztm8-00299-00100039-00100423 slowly and completely
_Udz7Sjztm8-00300-00100424-00100565 then lower your arm
_Udz7Sjztm8-00301-00100566-00100847 [Music]
_Udz7Sjztm8-00302-00100848-00101815 breathe a few times deeply and normally
_Udz7Sjztm8-00303-00101816-00102118 exhale abdomen in
_Udz7Sjztm8-00304-00102119-00102499 inhale abdomen out
_Udz7Sjztm8-00305-00102500-00102799 exhale abdomen in
_Udz7Sjztm8-00306-00102800-00103102 inhale abdomen out
_Udz7Sjztm8-00307-00103103-00103534 now let your breath become very slow and
_Udz7Sjztm8-00308-00103535-00103742 very gentle
_Udz7Sjztm8-00309-00103743-00104606 inhale and exhale very little air
_Udz7Sjztm8-00310-00104607-00104823 and while inhale and exhaling very
_Udz7Sjztm8-00311-00104824-00105023 little air bring your concentration
_Udz7Sjztm8-00312-00105024-00105223 towards the point between the eyebrows
_Udz7Sjztm8-00313-00105224-00105886 or middle of your forehead
_Udz7Sjztm8-00314-00105888-00106086 breathe little air
_Udz7Sjztm8-00315-00106088-00106495 and feel that state of concentration
_Udz7Sjztm8-00316-00106496-00106790 feel that state of relaxation
_Udz7Sjztm8-00317-00106791-00107775 of connectedness
_Udz7Sjztm8-00318-00107776-00108095 you can continue with this meditation
_Udz7Sjztm8-00319-00108096-00108407 for as long as you feel comfortable
_Udz7Sjztm8-00320-00108408-00110007 for as long as you want
_Udz7Sjztm8-00321-00110008-00110216 i
_U41gWxpQPM-00000-00003439-00004020 I'll be facility for some acidity bed oh
_U41gWxpQPM-00001-00004021-00004629 oh no no that's not their world okay
_U41gWxpQPM-00002-00004630-00004888 everyone we're going to take feedback of
_U41gWxpQPM-00003-00004889-00005175 the breakouts we had before the before
_U41gWxpQPM-00004-00005176-00005616 the webinar session so the first group
_U41gWxpQPM-00005-00005617-00006166 the community learning hubs the
_U41gWxpQPM-00006-00006167-00006331 community learning hubs and that would
_U41gWxpQPM-00007-00006332-00006717 be Marion I'll give the trance so shall
_U41gWxpQPM-00008-00006718-00007263 we start with group to the ROI group
_U41gWxpQPM-00009-00007264-00007653 spokesperson for group 2 with ABS ed
_U41gWxpQPM-00010-00007654-00009759 will be clam also our delegation there
_U41gWxpQPM-00011-00009760-00011324 was group 2
_U41gWxpQPM-00012-00011325-00011616 right so yeah this was a this is a
_U41gWxpQPM-00013-00011617-00011652 pretty
_U41gWxpQPM-00014-00011653-00011895 rip-snorting discussion I thought I
_U41gWxpQPM-00015-00011896-00012458 don't know best of you but it's good so
_U41gWxpQPM-00016-00012459-00012927 let's see we we I've mostly wrote notes
_U41gWxpQPM-00017-00012928-00013074 down at the bottom that I hadn't quite
_U41gWxpQPM-00018-00013075-00013212 worked out how to put them into the
_U41gWxpQPM-00019-00013213-00013425 other if you go to the very bottom there
_U41gWxpQPM-00020-00013426-00013752 was a set of notes here and this was
_U41gWxpQPM-00021-00013753-00014043 credited in as much as I could do so to
_U41gWxpQPM-00022-00014044-00014184 the people who actually made the
_U41gWxpQPM-00023-00014185-00014811 suggestions but part of it was part of
_U41gWxpQPM-00024-00014812-00015096 the ROI discussion involved bringing
_U41gWxpQPM-00025-00015097-00015413 into perspective the the relative costs
_U41gWxpQPM-00026-00015415-00015663 of being a member of the oru and that
_U41gWxpQPM-00027-00015663-00015938 the actual cash costs were were seen as
_U41gWxpQPM-00028-00015940-00016016 pretty trivial
_U41gWxpQPM-00029-00016016-00016533 however the allocating or the looking at
_U41gWxpQPM-00030-00016534-00016710 the cost of people's participation in
_U41gWxpQPM-00031-00016711-00016935 these institutions participating on
_U41gWxpQPM-00032-00016936-00017165 behalf of the oru is was somewhat less
_U41gWxpQPM-00033-00017166-00017790 and significant however I think Phil
_U41gWxpQPM-00034-00017791-00018027 mentioned to mitigate that that he also
_U41gWxpQPM-00035-00018028-00018357 saw that staff time participation as
_U41gWxpQPM-00036-00018358-00018846 being a the organ institutions work
_U41gWxpQPM-00037-00018847-00019050 towards open further openness rather
_U41gWxpQPM-00038-00019051-00019439 than than something specifically kind of
_U41gWxpQPM-00039-00019440-00019700 serving the oer you if that makes sense
_U41gWxpQPM-00040-00019701-00020119 so it wasn't it wasn't as lost values
_U41gWxpQPM-00041-00020120-00020442 just because it was in aid of the oer
_U41gWxpQPM-00042-00020443-00021047 you partnership another interesting idea
_U41gWxpQPM-00043-00021048-00021281 was the way that we account for our
_U41gWxpQPM-00044-00021282-00021540 costs and therefore account for our
_U41gWxpQPM-00045-00021541-00021849 savings as a result of the membership in
_U41gWxpQPM-00046-00021850-00022100 the oer you depends on how we account
_U41gWxpQPM-00047-00022101-00022275 for those costs so for example rory was
_U41gWxpQPM-00048-00022276-00022599 saying that Athabasca they they actually
_U41gWxpQPM-00049-00022600-00022740 included the cost of learning materials
_U41gWxpQPM-00050-00022741-00022847 in their tuition so they're actually
_U41gWxpQPM-00051-00022848-00023097 saving quite a lot of money by using OE
_U41gWxpQPM-00052-00023098-00023450 ours which is inspired in part by the
_U41gWxpQPM-00053-00023451-00023969 partnership so just how we choose to
_U41gWxpQPM-00054-00023970-00024147 account for these things makes all the
_U41gWxpQPM-00055-00024148-00024501 difference there's also the idea that
_U41gWxpQPM-00056-00024502-00024588 the
_U41gWxpQPM-00057-00024589-00025086 we could question equally well if we
_U41gWxpQPM-00058-00025087-00025275 look at our membership as potentially a
_U41gWxpQPM-00059-00025276-00025449 way of gaining exposure and name
_U41gWxpQPM-00060-00025450-00025640 recognition for our institutions above
_U41gWxpQPM-00061-00025641-00025956 other institutions that we could think
_U41gWxpQPM-00062-00025957-00026144 about oer you is having some of the same
_U41gWxpQPM-00063-00026145-00026345 nebulous benefit that you can sometimes
_U41gWxpQPM-00064-00026347-00026658 associate with marketing I think Andy
_U41gWxpQPM-00065-00026658-00026907 suggests an appointed out that 50% of
_U41gWxpQPM-00066-00026908-00027108 marketing budgets are wasted but you
_U41gWxpQPM-00067-00027108-00027519 just never know which 50 and so that you
_U41gWxpQPM-00068-00027520-00027807 could also justify the investment in
_U41gWxpQPM-00069-00027808-00028077 oare membership based on on potentially
_U41gWxpQPM-00070-00028077-00028470 a marketing expense and everyone I think
_U41gWxpQPM-00071-00028470-00028695 agreed that one of the OU's biggest
_U41gWxpQPM-00072-00028695-00028905 problems is that compared to the
_U41gWxpQPM-00073-00028906-00029148 commercial MOOCs that have been venture
_U41gWxpQPM-00074-00029149-00029319 capital backing and so on and in huge
_U41gWxpQPM-00075-00029320-00029538 marketing budgets name recognition of
_U41gWxpQPM-00076-00029539-00029690 the oer you is very low and what we're
_U41gWxpQPM-00077-00029691-00029898 we wanted to try to identify what the
_U41gWxpQPM-00078-00029899-00030120 differentiating factors were for the oer
_U41gWxpQPM-00079-00030120-00030381 you relative to the what what from a
_U41gWxpQPM-00080-00030382-00030539 learner's percentage perspective would
_U41gWxpQPM-00081-00030541-00030804 be equivalent offerings because they may
_U41gWxpQPM-00082-00030805-00031131 not appreciate the open nature of we are
_U41gWxpQPM-00083-00031132-00031344 you relative to the so-called free
_U41gWxpQPM-00084-00031345-00031727 nature of the Coursera or EDX or one of
_U41gWxpQPM-00085-00031729-00031983 the other platforms and so what would
_U41gWxpQPM-00086-00031983-00032445 cause a learner to actually pick oh we
_U41gWxpQPM-00087-00032445-00032621 are you over those others would they
_U41gWxpQPM-00088-00032622-00032871 actually be compelled by the value
_U41gWxpQPM-00089-00032872-00033027 statements and would they even be aware
_U41gWxpQPM-00090-00033028-00033219 of the value statements that the oer you
_U41gWxpQPM-00091-00033220-00033474 has relative to the other apparent
_U41gWxpQPM-00092-00033475-00033687 competitors and so we realized that
_U41gWxpQPM-00093-00033688-00033858 essentially increasing the name
_U41gWxpQPM-00094-00033859-00034023 recognition of the oer you and
_U41gWxpQPM-00095-00034024-00034296 projecting its values was our crucial
_U41gWxpQPM-00096-00034297-00034620 was a crucial step towards achieving
_U41gWxpQPM-00097-00034621-00034794 greater return on investment for being a
_U41gWxpQPM-00098-00034795-00035771 member of the network see I'm not sure I
_U41gWxpQPM-00099-00035772-00035943 can interpret all of these things well
_U41gWxpQPM-00100-00035944-00036177 we also looked at the couple of tensions
_U41gWxpQPM-00101-00036178-00036645 that are inherent in the participation
_U41gWxpQPM-00102-00036646-00036951 in the and the network namely that
_U41gWxpQPM-00103-00036952-00037236 organism institutions have a need to
_U41gWxpQPM-00104-00037237-00037619 justify expenditure on all of these
_U41gWxpQPM-00105-00037620-00037870 greater good or public good
_U41gWxpQPM-00106-00037871-00038233 type investments they need to see some
_U41gWxpQPM-00107-00038234-00038587 measure of return to justify those and
_U41gWxpQPM-00108-00038588-00039025 that you know we we say that dude
_U41gWxpQPM-00109-00039026-00039349 there's there's a there's a value in
_U41gWxpQPM-00110-00039350-00039550 being a member with even if you can't
_U41gWxpQPM-00111-00039551-00039787 show a monetary or a financial return
_U41gWxpQPM-00112-00039788-00039976 that there's a good will return and
_U41gWxpQPM-00113-00039977-00040300 various other forms of return and that
_U41gWxpQPM-00114-00040301-00040417 we need to somehow work out how to
_U41gWxpQPM-00115-00040418-00040674 include those in a return on investment
_U41gWxpQPM-00116-00040675-00041356 justification we had the kind of the
_U41gWxpQPM-00117-00041357-00041656 realization that one of the possible
_U41gWxpQPM-00118-00041657-00041839 differentiating factors that adds value
_U41gWxpQPM-00119-00041840-00042004 to the OE ru is the fact that we're
_U41gWxpQPM-00120-00042005-00042310 actually implicitly defining an open
_U41gWxpQPM-00121-00042311-00042574 standards for qualifications by virtue
_U41gWxpQPM-00122-00042575-00042811 of multiple institutions agreeing to
_U41gWxpQPM-00123-00042812-00043246 honor assessment or honor materials for
_U41gWxpQPM-00124-00043247-00043462 assessment and and have common
_U41gWxpQPM-00125-00043463-00043657 qualifications that gives us an
_U41gWxpQPM-00126-00043658-00044022 advantage over the entirely proprietary
_U41gWxpQPM-00127-00044023-00044215 qualifications that are offered by some
_U41gWxpQPM-00128-00044216-00044380 of these competing MOOCs like EDX and
_U41gWxpQPM-00129-00044381-00044545 Coursera and the Harvard's and
_U41gWxpQPM-00130-00044546-00044680 Stanford's of the world that are
_U41gWxpQPM-00131-00044681-00044989 offering their brand of proprietary
_U41gWxpQPM-00132-00044990-00045244 qualification and so by virtue of being
_U41gWxpQPM-00133-00045245-00045445 part of this network you actually are
_U41gWxpQPM-00134-00045446-00045679 buying into an open standard which could
_U41gWxpQPM-00135-00045680-00046003 give comfort to people who are trying to
_U41gWxpQPM-00136-00046004-00046252 achieve you know taking part in our of
_U41gWxpQPM-00137-00046253-00046399 courses as opposed to and those
_U41gWxpQPM-00138-00046400-00047500 proprietary ones so yes the idea that
_U41gWxpQPM-00139-00047501-00047923 ROI has to be Dondon was very made the
_U41gWxpQPM-00140-00047924-00048088 good point that yeah we have to be sure
_U41gWxpQPM-00141-00048089-00048409 that we're encompassing all sorts of
_U41gWxpQPM-00142-00048410-00048568 different kinds of value when we talk
_U41gWxpQPM-00143-00048569-00048802 about ROI rather than just just what can
_U41gWxpQPM-00144-00048803-00049139 be accounted for in the in the ledger
_U41gWxpQPM-00145-00049140-00049308 [Music]
_U41gWxpQPM-00146-00049309-00049696 and one of the yeah one of the potential
_U41gWxpQPM-00147-00049697-00049927 weaknesses of the ARU model was that in
_U41gWxpQPM-00148-00049928-00050254 in our strength of commitment to
_U41gWxpQPM-00149-00050255-00050548 protecting learner privacy we're missing
_U41gWxpQPM-00150-00050549-00050800 out on one of the big motivations for
_U41gWxpQPM-00151-00050801-00050965 people taking part for institutions
_U41gWxpQPM-00152-00050966-00051223 taking part in online MOOCs which was
_U41gWxpQPM-00153-00051224-00051488 the ability to gain lead generation
_U41gWxpQPM-00154-00051489-00051792 information from the MOOC providers by
_U41gWxpQPM-00155-00051794-00051939 virtue of them effectively selling
_U41gWxpQPM-00156-00051940-00052407 contacts and so that the question then
_U41gWxpQPM-00157-00052408-00052666 came what would it be better for the Oei
_U41gWxpQPM-00158-00052666-00052963 you to change its values and and start
_U41gWxpQPM-00159-00052964-00053323 you know actually trading in leads
_U41gWxpQPM-00160-00053324-00053560 effectively using our platform to gather
_U41gWxpQPM-00161-00053561-00053688 information and then making that
_U41gWxpQPM-00162-00053689-00053947 available to partners would that be a
_U41gWxpQPM-00163-00053948-00054298 worthwhile compromise to make and I
_U41gWxpQPM-00164-00054299-00054490 actually my impression was that that
_U41gWxpQPM-00165-00054491-00054651 there wasn't generally support for doing
_U41gWxpQPM-00166-00054652-00054898 that and that that actually that might
_U41gWxpQPM-00167-00054899-00055096 actually have a blowback on on the MOOCs
_U41gWxpQPM-00168-00055097-00055269 rather than and it would actually
_U41gWxpQPM-00169-00055270-00055621 inevitably lead to the a are you looking
_U41gWxpQPM-00170-00055622-00055786 better for having stuck stuck to its
_U41gWxpQPM-00171-00055787-00056173 privacy principles all along so if we
_U41gWxpQPM-00172-00056174-00056371 can market or get make people aware of
_U41gWxpQPM-00173-00056372-00056524 the fact that we have those principles
_U41gWxpQPM-00174-00056525-00056796 and we maintain them that in turn would
_U41gWxpQPM-00175-00056797-00057076 make us preferable to the existing
_U41gWxpQPM-00176-00057077-00057460 commercial MOOCs so you think is there
_U41gWxpQPM-00177-00057461-00057607 any more down below there lands at the
_U41gWxpQPM-00178-00057608-00057969 bottom okay and yeah we had the idea
_U41gWxpQPM-00179-00057970-00058303 perhaps that I made the point that a lot
_U41gWxpQPM-00180-00058304-00058591 of times well inevitably existing
_U41gWxpQPM-00181-00058591-00058969 institutions don't recognize the thing
_U41gWxpQPM-00182-00058970-00059122 that's going to disrupt them by
_U41gWxpQPM-00183-00059123-00059437 definition that's that's why it's
_U41gWxpQPM-00184-00059438-00059809 disruptive and one of the possibilities
_U41gWxpQPM-00185-00059810-00060126 that we were entertaining was that maybe
_U41gWxpQPM-00186-00060127-00060379 the oer you is a disruptive force to the
_U41gWxpQPM-00187-00060379-00060547 current structures of education and that
_U41gWxpQPM-00188-00060548-00060894 perhaps you could interpret or justify
_U41gWxpQPM-00189-00060895-00061090 oer you membership as effectively
_U41gWxpQPM-00190-00061091-00061360 insurance against being completely upset
_U41gWxpQPM-00191-00061361-00061938 by the by the transition from one on one
_U41gWxpQPM-00192-00061939-00062134 world order of education into a new one
_U41gWxpQPM-00193-00062135-00062463 and so that that actually potentially
_U41gWxpQPM-00194-00062464-00062725 has a well i think that's quite a
_U41gWxpQPM-00195-00062726-00062991 powerful justification for it but anyway
_U41gWxpQPM-00196-00062991-00063229 that's it does anyone have any questions
_U41gWxpQPM-00197-00063229-00063799 about that does anyone want to add
_U41gWxpQPM-00198-00063800-00064233 anything that was in
_U41gWxpQPM-00199-00064234-00064513 just a quick mention I guess it was it
_U41gWxpQPM-00200-00064514-00064624 was what I was thinking about with the
_U41gWxpQPM-00201-00064625-00064765 previous session as well
_U41gWxpQPM-00202-00064766-00065077 one potential ROI for individuals
_U41gWxpQPM-00203-00065078-00065323 teaching on these kinds of platforms is
_U41gWxpQPM-00204-00065324-00065473 global recognition because I think part
_U41gWxpQPM-00205-00065474-00065656 of what's happened with the MOOCs has
_U41gWxpQPM-00206-00065657-00065977 been a way to show off used to be by
_U41gWxpQPM-00207-00065978-00066124 publishing a textbook or by getting
_U41gWxpQPM-00208-00066125-00066289 published in highly cited journals or
_U41gWxpQPM-00209-00066290-00066550 prestigious journals the ability to a
_U41gWxpQPM-00210-00066551-00066718 global audience for teaching gives an
_U41gWxpQPM-00211-00066719-00066874 opportunity for academics to show off
_U41gWxpQPM-00212-00066875-00067084 which is you know part of the value
_U41gWxpQPM-00213-00067085-00067546 structure of higher education good
_U41gWxpQPM-00214-00067547-00067663 points here we have to work out how to
_U41gWxpQPM-00215-00067664-00068257 create that opportunity I just not a
_U41gWxpQPM-00216-00068258-00068449 couple of other things that we discussed
_U41gWxpQPM-00217-00068450-00068584 in the group as well and some what will
_U41gWxpQPM-00218-00068585-00068764 overlap with what what they ever said
_U41gWxpQPM-00219-00068765-00069133 Andy as well but from my perspective I
_U41gWxpQPM-00220-00069134-00069235 think there's some really big issues
_U41gWxpQPM-00221-00069236-00069460 that we need to think about in terms of
_U41gWxpQPM-00222-00069461-00069781 return on investment so first of all it
_U41gWxpQPM-00223-00069782-00070056 was very much it's not just about money
_U41gWxpQPM-00224-00070057-00070339 although money is really important in
_U41gWxpQPM-00225-00070340-00070588 some of these activities but there are
_U41gWxpQPM-00226-00070589-00070744 many different types of return on
_U41gWxpQPM-00227-00070745-00071019 investment so we're a very broad church
_U41gWxpQPM-00228-00071020-00071311 the only network is a broad choice and
_U41gWxpQPM-00229-00071312-00071434 there are lots of different noises in it
_U41gWxpQPM-00230-00071435-00071599 and we're all in it for very different
_U41gWxpQPM-00231-00071600-00071818 reasons which is actually one of the
_U41gWxpQPM-00232-00071819-00072034 strengths that you've got on the network
_U41gWxpQPM-00233-00072035-00072388 is that we can be part of that and we
_U41gWxpQPM-00234-00072389-00072727 can get different things out of it don't
_U41gWxpQPM-00235-00072728-00072871 we talked about you know about the
_U41gWxpQPM-00236-00072872-00073129 social good about efficient cost
_U41gWxpQPM-00237-00073130-00073372 reductions for both individuals and and
_U41gWxpQPM-00238-00073373-00073567 institutions Laurie talking about that
_U41gWxpQPM-00239-00073568-00073734 kind of it about some of the major
_U41gWxpQPM-00240-00073735-00074053 savings that they were able to make but
_U41gWxpQPM-00241-00074054-00074164 there's also the potential for new
_U41gWxpQPM-00242-00074165-00074437 income streams and about Angie changing
_U41gWxpQPM-00243-00074438-00074677 teaching practice in my course delivered
_U41gWxpQPM-00244-00074678-00074797 so there are lots of different things
_U41gWxpQPM-00245-00074798-00075025 you can get out of your activity and
_U41gWxpQPM-00246-00075026-00075472 involvement in the oru but there are
_U41gWxpQPM-00247-00075473-00075586 still some issues that we need to
_U41gWxpQPM-00248-00075587-00075763 address and this is something I think we
_U41gWxpQPM-00249-00075764-00076015 may want to pick up tomorrow or you can
_U41gWxpQPM-00250-00076016-00076306 help ship that discussion tomorrow and
_U41gWxpQPM-00251-00076307-00076612 for me it's a runaway sustainability how
_U41gWxpQPM-00252-00076613-00076839 do we make this Network sustainable
_U41gWxpQPM-00253-00076840-00077038 there's a lot of goodwill there's a lot
_U41gWxpQPM-00254-00077039-00077310 of input into it from interested parties
_U41gWxpQPM-00255-00077311-00077552 but that won't sustain us forever
_U41gWxpQPM-00256-00077553-00077678 so we need to think about this is the
_U41gWxpQPM-00257-00077679-00077993 inability of this but that means then we
_U41gWxpQPM-00258-00077994-00078209 also got a look at participative plan is
_U41gWxpQPM-00259-00078210-00078407 about the clarity of the mission and the
_U41gWxpQPM-00260-00078408-00078587 vision over you
_U41gWxpQPM-00261-00078588-00078986 we are you do we continue like that or
_U41gWxpQPM-00262-00078987-00079250 does it change does it adapt doesn't it
_U41gWxpQPM-00263-00079251-00079316 all
_U41gWxpQPM-00264-00079317-00079514 I don't know what we need to have a
_U41gWxpQPM-00265-00079515-00079679 discussion about that as though what
_U41gWxpQPM-00266-00079680-00080035 what the future is I went to my MOOCs
_U41gWxpQPM-00267-00080036-00080294 again is what makes a we are you
_U41gWxpQPM-00268-00080295-00080669 different to the MOOCs is coming to find
_U41gWxpQPM-00269-00080670-00080801 out much more clearly than we currently
_U41gWxpQPM-00270-00080802-00080990 know can we do this you know can we
_U41gWxpQPM-00271-00080991-00081200 build on that niche and develop out
_U41gWxpQPM-00272-00081201-00081533 further and then the final bit which you
_U41gWxpQPM-00273-00081534-00081665 may or may not have in the notes I'm not
_U41gWxpQPM-00274-00081666-00081956 sure there was a bite we are use a bit
_U41gWxpQPM-00275-00081957-00082190 lost in the online environment you know
_U41gWxpQPM-00276-00082191-00082388 there's no visibility I mean we know
_U41gWxpQPM-00277-00082389-00082541 we've done out on purpose so we've had a
_U41gWxpQPM-00278-00082542-00082814 soft launch but now we need to really
_U41gWxpQPM-00279-00082815-00083032 test it to see whether this is viable
_U41gWxpQPM-00280-00083033-00083330 and see what comes back and then adapt
_U41gWxpQPM-00281-00083331-00083678 and change from that so it's finding
_U41gWxpQPM-00282-00083679-00083963 your way in that online environment
_U41gWxpQPM-00283-00083964-00084269 I think that was most that I picked up
_U41gWxpQPM-00284-00084270-00084449 as this sort of facilitator does anybody
_U41gWxpQPM-00285-00084450-00085856 else in the group but anymore okay here
_U41gWxpQPM-00286-00085857-00086093 we go thanks very much Dave Narita can I
_U41gWxpQPM-00287-00086094-00086375 call on you to pulpit for the group that
_U41gWxpQPM-00288-00086376-00086522 the discussion that we had on the
_U41gWxpQPM-00289-00086523-00086944 learning in a digital age initiative
_U41gWxpQPM-00290-00086945-00087328 thanks Wayne well our our task was to
_U41gWxpQPM-00291-00087329-00087632 look at delivering the leader Community
_U41gWxpQPM-00292-00087633-00088031 Learning hub in which will see libraries
_U41gWxpQPM-00293-00088032-00088241 offer between I think we said two and
_U41gWxpQPM-00294-00088242-00088442 eight support sessions for the four
_U41gWxpQPM-00295-00088443-00088769 micro sessions that are in the leader
_U41gWxpQPM-00296-00088770-00089051 course and I just thought I would make a
_U41gWxpQPM-00297-00089052-00089288 comment because I'm the librarian in the
_U41gWxpQPM-00298-00089289-00089645 room you know on on where libraries can
_U41gWxpQPM-00299-00089646-00089900 sit in this space and I think the very
_U41gWxpQPM-00300-00089901-00090146 natural role that we play well one is
_U41gWxpQPM-00301-00090147-00090365 that traditionally where the providers
_U41gWxpQPM-00302-00090366-00090839 of resources for our institutions this
_U41gWxpQPM-00303-00090840-00090986 is our natural and tradition
_U41gWxpQPM-00304-00090987-00091301 place and also by extension in the
_U41gWxpQPM-00305-00091302-00091628 digits libraries have never been closed
_U41gWxpQPM-00306-00091629-00091910 places you know our doors have always
_U41gWxpQPM-00307-00091911-00092129 been open to members of the public and
_U41gWxpQPM-00308-00092130-00092459 as we've gone online in the traditional
_U41gWxpQPM-00309-00092460-00092798 publishing environment we have found
_U41gWxpQPM-00310-00092799-00093101 ourselves because of paywalls having to
_U41gWxpQPM-00311-00093102-00093418 shut people out but wherever possible
_U41gWxpQPM-00312-00093419-00093689 you know we've tried to facilitate
_U41gWxpQPM-00313-00093690-00093920 access to people and so it is in the
_U41gWxpQPM-00314-00093921-00094436 digital space as well and you know made
_U41gWxpQPM-00315-00094437-00094844 very easy by open licensing and
_U41gWxpQPM-00316-00094845-00095251 platforms Raji's also pointed to the
_U41gWxpQPM-00317-00095252-00095450 fact of the really valuable role that
_U41gWxpQPM-00318-00095451-00095666 libraries can play now and actually
_U41gWxpQPM-00319-00095667-00096085 pulling in open records into our
_U41gWxpQPM-00320-00096086-00096341 institutional discovery platforms which
_U41gWxpQPM-00321-00096342-00096614 of course are not closed anyway to to
_U41gWxpQPM-00322-00096615-00096935 the public to access the other thing is
_U41gWxpQPM-00323-00096936-00097142 that we provide good support for
_U41gWxpQPM-00324-00097143-00097384 projects and where natural collaborators
_U41gWxpQPM-00325-00097385-00097730 pross departmentally we already have an
_U41gWxpQPM-00326-00097731-00098141 enterprise-wide role to support teaching
_U41gWxpQPM-00327-00098142-00098372 learning and research so perhaps we
_U41gWxpQPM-00328-00098373-00098672 don't have some of the siloing problems
_U41gWxpQPM-00329-00098673-00099116 that academic departments might have and
_U41gWxpQPM-00330-00099117-00099491 also in this context the library serves
_U41gWxpQPM-00331-00099492-00099844 a valuable advocacy function within the
_U41gWxpQPM-00332-00099845-00100069 course and offering the course in oh we
_U41gWxpQPM-00333-00100070-00100307 are and perhaps this particular course
_U41gWxpQPM-00334-00100308-00100616 might offer itself as good case study in
_U41gWxpQPM-00335-00100617-00101066 how libraries can deliver into these
_U41gWxpQPM-00336-00101067-00101354 courses so all that we've we've done
_U41gWxpQPM-00337-00101355-00101705 here is actually plot a timeline and a
_U41gWxpQPM-00338-00101706-00101869 method for delivering the libraries
_U41gWxpQPM-00339-00101870-00102146 component of the leader course and I
_U41gWxpQPM-00340-00102147-00102332 think we felt that although there's some
_U41gWxpQPM-00341-00102333-00102718 finessing to be done here in the working
_U41gWxpQPM-00342-00102719-00102958 party which will be formed to deliver
_U41gWxpQPM-00343-00102959-00103219 this we've got to just sequence these
_U41gWxpQPM-00344-00103220-00103379 things properly but we think we've
_U41gWxpQPM-00345-00103380-00103676 identified a good path to the actual
_U41gWxpQPM-00346-00103677-00104219 delivery of the
_U41gWxpQPM-00347-00104220-00105576 facilitated sessions libraries are the
_U41gWxpQPM-00348-00105577-00105944 first manifestation of open resources
_U41gWxpQPM-00349-00105945-00106281 about providing public access to closed
_U41gWxpQPM-00350-00106282-00106707 resources function of libraries so what
_U41gWxpQPM-00351-00106708-00106881 we will do is we will put out an open
_U41gWxpQPM-00352-00106882-00107097 invitation to any institution that wants
_U41gWxpQPM-00353-00107098-00107247 to engage through the university
_U41gWxpQPM-00354-00107248-00107601 libraries in this pilot next year we've
_U41gWxpQPM-00355-00107602-00107783 got a rough plan so we're gonna move
_U41gWxpQPM-00356-00107784-00108252 forward I reckon any questions related
_U41gWxpQPM-00357-00108253-00109208 to this yep so the next group on the
_U41gWxpQPM-00358-00109209-00109416 list is the open pedagogy and the open
_U41gWxpQPM-00359-00109417-00109902 boundary course folk so let me get your
_U41gWxpQPM-00360-00109903-00110486 document open there sure thanks mine and
_U41gWxpQPM-00361-00110488-00110640 I'm gonna ask that everyone who's in our
_U41gWxpQPM-00362-00110641-00110805 discussion just chime in when I'm
_U41gWxpQPM-00363-00110806-00110991 missing something or if I may state
_U41gWxpQPM-00364-00110992-00111165 something but we covered a lot of ground
_U41gWxpQPM-00365-00111166-00111291 and initially they were separate and
_U41gWxpQPM-00366-00111292-00111423 then we sort of brought the two streams
_U41gWxpQPM-00367-00111424-00111666 together when we were talking about open
_U41gWxpQPM-00368-00111667-00111785 boundary courses we were initially
_U41gWxpQPM-00369-00111786-00111954 talking about it in the context that was
_U41gWxpQPM-00370-00111955-00112155 earlier described in imagining sort of
_U41gWxpQPM-00371-00112156-00112358 we are you students and your traditional
_U41gWxpQPM-00372-00112359-00112479 students or tuition being at your
_U41gWxpQPM-00373-00112480-00112854 university interacting for a course it
_U41gWxpQPM-00374-00112855-00113031 became evident that we would have to you
_U41gWxpQPM-00375-00113032-00113261 know pick courses for this kind of a
_U41gWxpQPM-00376-00113263-00113459 pilot that would serve that are already
_U41gWxpQPM-00377-00113460-00113583 being deployed locally or that would
_U41gWxpQPM-00378-00113583-00113850 serve local curricular needs likely have
_U41gWxpQPM-00379-00113851-00114083 to work with instructors who are also
_U41gWxpQPM-00380-00114084-00114342 open to this kind of innovation so being
_U41gWxpQPM-00381-00114343-00114552 very sort of strategic about which
_U41gWxpQPM-00382-00114553-00114678 courses in which instructors we're
_U41gWxpQPM-00383-00114679-00114807 working with especially with a pilot
_U41gWxpQPM-00384-00114808-00115058 like this there was a lot of discussion
_U41gWxpQPM-00385-00115059-00115281 about having to be mindful of local
_U41gWxpQPM-00386-00115282-00115533 jurisdictional issues having to
_U41gWxpQPM-00387-00115533-00115668 certainly whether you're talking about
_U41gWxpQPM-00388-00115669-00115968 online harassment IT policy side of
_U41gWxpQPM-00389-00115969-00116100 things especially if you're talking
_U41gWxpQPM-00390-00116101-00116340 about a sandbox a virtual space where
_U41gWxpQPM-00391-00116341-00116609 your students are interacting with non
_U41gWxpQPM-00392-00116610-00116805 you know let's say kpu students in this
_U41gWxpQPM-00393-00116806-00117006 particular case and how to balance that
_U41gWxpQPM-00394-00117007-00117236 in an environment that may or may not be
_U41gWxpQPM-00395-00117238-00117480 moderated as well so lots of discussions
_U41gWxpQPM-00396-00117481-00117553 about that
_U41gWxpQPM-00397-00117554-00117688 about the cognitive load that would be
_U41gWxpQPM-00398-00117689-00118043 required for students to to develop and
_U41gWxpQPM-00399-00118044-00118307 then utilize some of these new digital
_U41gWxpQPM-00400-00118308-00118772 literacies for example we then I think
_U41gWxpQPM-00401-00118773-00118994 move beyond that especially when it
_U41gWxpQPM-00402-00118995-00119231 occurred that we could do things more
_U41gWxpQPM-00403-00119232-00119452 simply like picking one specific
_U41gWxpQPM-00404-00119453-00119764 activity within an AR u course as an
_U41gWxpQPM-00405-00119765-00119923 open boundary activity as opposed to a
_U41gWxpQPM-00406-00119924-00120088 whole whole open boundary course and
_U41gWxpQPM-00407-00120089-00120368 then perhaps even easier than that maybe
_U41gWxpQPM-00408-00120369-00120553 we start by not even doing it with an OE
_U41gWxpQPM-00409-00120554-00120746 ru course we pick a course that's
_U41gWxpQPM-00410-00120747-00120961 currently offered by two or more member
_U41gWxpQPM-00411-00120962-00121126 institutions across the partner network
_U41gWxpQPM-00412-00121127-00121450 and implement an activity that's an open
_U41gWxpQPM-00413-00121451-00121690 boundary activity where the students had
_U41gWxpQPM-00414-00121691-00121938 two more institutions are interacting
_U41gWxpQPM-00415-00121939-00122207 through a pure activity that may or may
_U41gWxpQPM-00416-00122208-00122408 not involve an element of open pedagogy
_U41gWxpQPM-00417-00122408-00122606 but as a way of allowing us to learn
_U41gWxpQPM-00418-00122607-00122800 about how to permeate those boundaries
_U41gWxpQPM-00419-00122801-00123049 that teaches us the lessons that we need
_U41gWxpQPM-00420-00123050-00123358 to know before we ramp it out to to a
_U41gWxpQPM-00421-00123359-00123634 wider set of students who are not
_U41gWxpQPM-00422-00123635-00123787 connected directly with any one of our
_U41gWxpQPM-00423-00123788-00124210 institutions with open pedagogy we were
_U41gWxpQPM-00424-00124211-00124363 thinking about different ideas things
_U41gWxpQPM-00425-00124364-00124619 like students annotating micro course
_U41gWxpQPM-00426-00124620-00124852 content within we ru courses whether to
_U41gWxpQPM-00427-00124853-00125073 contextualise to augment to explain
_U41gWxpQPM-00428-00125074-00125401 annotating even by providing brief video
_U41gWxpQPM-00429-00125402-00125657 explainers to that help contextualize
_U41gWxpQPM-00430-00125658-00125902 particular resources we were thinking
_U41gWxpQPM-00431-00125903-00126112 about whether curriculum developers
_U41gWxpQPM-00432-00126113-00126352 course developers across the oru network
_U41gWxpQPM-00433-00126353-00126526 while they're developing the courses
_U41gWxpQPM-00434-00126527-00126826 could deliberately flag highlight areas
_U41gWxpQPM-00435-00126827-00127019 in the course content that they know
_U41gWxpQPM-00436-00127020-00127208 will have to be revisited at some point
_U41gWxpQPM-00437-00127208-00127408 because it's perhaps related to
_U41gWxpQPM-00438-00127409-00127588 statistics or information that is dated
_U41gWxpQPM-00439-00127589-00127873 or that's very culturally specific that
_U41gWxpQPM-00440-00127874-00128116 would have to be revisited and using
_U41gWxpQPM-00441-00128117-00128311 those kinds of content flags from
_U41gWxpQPM-00442-00128312-00128554 developers to look at the potential of
_U41gWxpQPM-00443-00128555-00128779 embedding open pedagogy activities where
_U41gWxpQPM-00444-00128780-00129020 student assignments involve that
_U41gWxpQPM-00445-00129021-00129259 updating involves that contextualization
_U41gWxpQPM-00446-00129260-00129439 as needed
_U41gWxpQPM-00447-00129440-00129608 we also talked about the potential role
_U41gWxpQPM-00448-00129608-00130123 of students whether it's tuition paying
_U41gWxpQPM-00449-00130124-00130234 students in the context of an open
_U41gWxpQPM-00450-00130235-00130399 boundary course or whether it's we are
_U41gWxpQPM-00451-00130400-00130540 you students who are going through the
_U41gWxpQPM-00452-00130541-00130765 course without formal instructor
_U41gWxpQPM-00453-00130766-00130901 facilitation
_U41gWxpQPM-00454-00130902-00131147 really sharing some of their lessons
_U41gWxpQPM-00455-00131148-00131312 learned and providing and building a
_U41gWxpQPM-00456-00131313-00131504 guide for future students who would move
_U41gWxpQPM-00457-00131505-00131711 through any of these courses to enrich
_U41gWxpQPM-00458-00131712-00131921 the sort of ancillary learning resources
_U41gWxpQPM-00459-00131922-00132128 that are available to students who might
_U41gWxpQPM-00460-00132129-00132338 use the course in the future but also as
_U41gWxpQPM-00461-00132339-00132479 a feedback loop for the curriculum
_U41gWxpQPM-00462-00132480-00132629 developers as they might want to revisit
_U41gWxpQPM-00463-00132630-00132839 the design of that course as they
_U41gWxpQPM-00464-00132840-00133025 identify spots where students need more
_U41gWxpQPM-00465-00133026-00133526 support so in the end we were talking
_U41gWxpQPM-00466-00133527-00133772 about I should say we also talked about
_U41gWxpQPM-00467-00133773-00134072 the importance of scaffolding the
_U41gWxpQPM-00468-00134073-00134209 development of some of these critical
_U41gWxpQPM-00469-00134210-00134417 digital and information literacy x'
_U41gWxpQPM-00470-00134418-00134594 there's lots of guides that already
_U41gWxpQPM-00471-00134595-00134813 exist for this this sort of work here's
_U41gWxpQPM-00472-00134814-00135026 one the rebus community published a
_U41gWxpQPM-00473-00135027-00135191 guide to making open textbooks with
_U41gWxpQPM-00474-00135192-00135413 students it has very useful things
_U41gWxpQPM-00475-00135414-00135665 including sample mo use for when faculty
_U41gWxpQPM-00476-00135666-00135839 are co-creating or we are with students
_U41gWxpQPM-00477-00135840-00136064 navigating the process of explaining CC
_U41gWxpQPM-00478-00136065-00136361 licensing to students hypothesis the
_U41gWxpQPM-00479-00136362-00136556 tool that we use for annotation that
_U41gWxpQPM-00480-00136557-00136778 David talked about yesterday also has a
_U41gWxpQPM-00481-00136779-00137027 lovely step-by-step onboarding guides
_U41gWxpQPM-00482-00137028-00137207 for students we could adapt a lot of
_U41gWxpQPM-00483-00137208-00137369 that content to provide the sort of
_U41gWxpQPM-00484-00137370-00137672 support that students would need to to
_U41gWxpQPM-00485-00137673-00137846 play with open pedagogy within we are
_U41gWxpQPM-00486-00137847-00138140 you courses but in the end if we scroll
_U41gWxpQPM-00487-00138141-00138554 all the way to the bottom all the way to
_U41gWxpQPM-00488-00138555-00138995 the bottom oh right okay yes so that's
_U41gWxpQPM-00489-00138996-00139229 it so talking about identifying
_U41gWxpQPM-00490-00139230-00139352 candidate courses that are already
_U41gWxpQPM-00491-00139353-00139577 offered by partner institutions where we
_U41gWxpQPM-00492-00139578-00139751 might be able to implement open boundary
_U41gWxpQPM-00493-00139752-00140060 activities as a way of bridging to open
_U41gWxpQPM-00494-00140061-00140198 boundary activities with oer you
_U41gWxpQPM-00495-00140199-00140372 students and eventually open boundary
_U41gWxpQPM-00496-00140373-00140590 courses so starting in a very easy
_U41gWxpQPM-00497-00140591-00140930 accessible space recommendations for
_U41gWxpQPM-00498-00140931-00141104 curriculum developers as i said to flag
_U41gWxpQPM-00499-00141105-00141317 content areas that would require
_U41gWxpQPM-00500-00141318-00141662 updating but then potentially leveraging
_U41gWxpQPM-00501-00141663-00141788 open pedagogy as a way of addressing
_U41gWxpQPM-00502-00141789-00142070 that moving forward also in terms of
_U41gWxpQPM-00503-00142071-00142220 curriculum developers considering
_U41gWxpQPM-00504-00142221-00142445 opportunities again not always
_U41gWxpQPM-00505-00142446-00142655 appropriate not always the right way to
_U41gWxpQPM-00506-00142656-00142919 go but whether it's annotating updating
_U41gWxpQPM-00507-00142920-00143138 contextualizing content or any of the
_U41gWxpQPM-00508-00143139-00143278 other elements we talked about
_U41gWxpQPM-00509-00143279-00143522 opportunities embed those open pedagogy
_U41gWxpQPM-00510-00143523-00143720 activities and given that that's already
_U41gWxpQPM-00511-00143721-00143897 happening in at least one of you we are
_U41gWxpQPM-00512-00143898-00144062 you micro courses right now I think it'd
_U41gWxpQPM-00513-00144063-00144224 be great to have a bit of a discussion
_U41gWxpQPM-00514-00144225-00144290 father
_U41gWxpQPM-00515-00144291-00144464 people who want to do this as you're
_U41gWxpQPM-00516-00144465-00144618 forecasting future course development
_U41gWxpQPM-00517-00144619-00144779 and want to maybe infuse some of these
_U41gWxpQPM-00518-00144780-00144996 elements we can have that as a nice
_U41gWxpQPM-00519-00144997-00145146 forum discussion and support each other
_U41gWxpQPM-00520-00145147-00145478 and then finally developing mostly
_U41gWxpQPM-00521-00145479-00145685 actually adapting existing training
_U41gWxpQPM-00522-00145686-00146034 resources for deploying open pedagogy we
_U41gWxpQPM-00523-00146035-00146240 with we are you students and with oer
_U41gWxpQPM-00524-00146241-00146591 you developers and faculty and pointing
_U41gWxpQPM-00525-00146592-00146801 to some of those over there so I'm
_U41gWxpQPM-00526-00146802-00146934 looking around to the room to see if
_U41gWxpQPM-00527-00146935-00147149 there are other bits and pieces that you
_U41gWxpQPM-00528-00147150-00147260 might want to highlight people in the
_U41gWxpQPM-00529-00147261-00147812 room lots of shakes up ahead okay
_U41gWxpQPM-00530-00147813-00147984 there's some links in there and I think
_U41gWxpQPM-00531-00147985-00148277 this is a new emerging area it's it's
_U41gWxpQPM-00532-00148278-00148383 not the case that we're trying to do
_U41gWxpQPM-00533-00148384-00148589 something innovative in the OE are you
_U41gWxpQPM-00534-00148590-00148806 that is comfortable and safe and known
_U41gWxpQPM-00535-00148807-00149012 within the traditional space this is
_U41gWxpQPM-00536-00149013-00149169 just there's new and unfamiliar in the
_U41gWxpQPM-00537-00149170-00149331 traditional space so I think that's why
_U41gWxpQPM-00538-00149332-00149433 we're talking about doing this in a very
_U41gWxpQPM-00539-00149434-00150251 safe a staged or phased process I was
_U41gWxpQPM-00540-00150252-00150534 you know when advising technology and
_U41gWxpQPM-00541-00150535-00150807 learning PhD students try and get them
_U41gWxpQPM-00542-00150808-00150957 to think about what does this problem
_U41gWxpQPM-00543-00150958-00151229 look like in a non technology sense and
_U41gWxpQPM-00544-00151230-00151487 I can't help thinking that and people
_U41gWxpQPM-00545-00151488-00151656 have been wandering off the street and
_U41gWxpQPM-00546-00151657-00151884 sitting in lecture leaders to sample
_U41gWxpQPM-00547-00151885-00152172 lectures at universities for years so in
_U41gWxpQPM-00548-00152173-00152394 a way it's not entirely new the notion
_U41gWxpQPM-00549-00152395-00152666 of allowing you know students who aren't
_U41gWxpQPM-00550-00152667-00152825 involved in the course to kind of
_U41gWxpQPM-00551-00152826-00153137 somehow participate so you know just
_U41gWxpQPM-00552-00153138-00153350 that saw just a slight counterpoint to
_U41gWxpQPM-00553-00153351-00153563 saying that it's entirely new it's um
_U41gWxpQPM-00554-00153564-00153704 you know existed in the face-to-face
_U41gWxpQPM-00555-00153705-00153809 world
_U41gWxpQPM-00556-00153810-00154010 yeah and thanks for bringing it up I
_U41gWxpQPM-00557-00154011-00154257 think even more sort of as course where
_U41gWxpQPM-00558-00154258-00154383 it gets put online this sort of
_U41gWxpQPM-00559-00154384-00154647 reception of it I think is not new I
_U41gWxpQPM-00560-00154648-00154794 think the concern that was being raised
_U41gWxpQPM-00561-00154795-00154995 is imagine the student who wanders in
_U41gWxpQPM-00562-00154996-00155126 off the street to sample a lecture
_U41gWxpQPM-00563-00155127-00155382 suddenly speaking up and sharing rather
_U41gWxpQPM-00564-00155383-00155579 misogynistic opinions in the classroom
_U41gWxpQPM-00565-00155580-00155774 how that might be navigated in this
_U41gWxpQPM-00566-00155775-00155924 space in the context of an online
_U41gWxpQPM-00567-00155925-00156197 learning environment that we would have
_U41gWxpQPM-00568-00156198-00156369 to be responsible for in terms of our
_U41gWxpQPM-00569-00156370-00156653 students so I agree and I think we maybe
_U41gWxpQPM-00570-00156654-00156894 have to think about the benefits of that
_U41gWxpQPM-00571-00156895-00157226 and draw on that beautiful yeah so thank
_U41gWxpQPM-00572-00157227-00157654 you
_U41gWxpQPM-00573-00157655-00158151 and the final group having a chat about
_U41gWxpQPM-00574-00158152-00158514 the SDGs and its relationship to cuz
_U41gWxpQPM-00575-00158515-00159113 you're gonna give feedback fantastic
_U41gWxpQPM-00576-00159114-00159324 everyone so there were a number of
_U41gWxpQPM-00577-00159325-00159510 questions that we were required to
_U41gWxpQPM-00578-00159511-00159704 answer or asked to answer in relation to
_U41gWxpQPM-00579-00159705-00160008 oh we are you micro courses that support
_U41gWxpQPM-00580-00160009-00160245 the sustainable development goals and so
_U41gWxpQPM-00581-00160246-00160490 in terms of creating sustainable futures
_U41gWxpQPM-00582-00160491-00160740 and most of this work was done by our
_U41gWxpQPM-00583-00160741-00160988 colleagues particularly Rachel from
_U41gWxpQPM-00584-00160989-00161262 University of Tasmania are these four
_U41gWxpQPM-00585-00161263-00161441 units so I'm not gonna read every single
_U41gWxpQPM-00586-00161442-00161715 one out to you but those were from Otago
_U41gWxpQPM-00587-00161716-00161879 so I thought that was a really useful
_U41gWxpQPM-00588-00161880-00162177 they also identified an additional seven
_U41gWxpQPM-00589-00162178-00162420 units from other partner institutions
_U41gWxpQPM-00590-00162421-00162624 and you can tell from the titles which
_U41gWxpQPM-00591-00162625-00162759 are quite innovative that there is a
_U41gWxpQPM-00592-00162760-00162979 direct relationship to the SDGs
_U41gWxpQPM-00593-00162980-00163341 generally and I think one of the things
_U41gWxpQPM-00594-00163342-00163491 that I have to say as being a
_U41gWxpQPM-00595-00163492-00163808 participant in the group I want to
_U41gWxpQPM-00596-00163809-00164085 really just say how impressed I was with
_U41gWxpQPM-00597-00164086-00164232 the work that the University of Tasmania
_U41gWxpQPM-00598-00164233-00164463 has done under Rachel's leadership
_U41gWxpQPM-00599-00164464-00164736 around mapping this and actually finding
_U41gWxpQPM-00600-00164737-00164952 out that there's upwards of 10 units
_U41gWxpQPM-00601-00164953-00165104 already 10 courses already that are
_U41gWxpQPM-00602-00165105-00165264 already well mapped with the SDGs
_U41gWxpQPM-00603-00165265-00165528 because it presents itself with an um
_U41gWxpQPM-00604-00165529-00165762 probably a none thought of opportunity
_U41gWxpQPM-00605-00165763-00166079 to actually have a kind of degree around
_U41gWxpQPM-00606-00166080-00166350 the SDGs that oer can use going forward
_U41gWxpQPM-00607-00166351-00166572 then if you keep going down the second
_U41gWxpQPM-00608-00166573-00166710 question we had was what additional
_U41gWxpQPM-00609-00166711-00167082 micro courses could the oer used in
_U41gWxpQPM-00610-00167083-00167256 support of the SDGs in the next year or
_U41gWxpQPM-00611-00167257-00167441 two and there was a number that newt as
_U41gWxpQPM-00612-00167442-00167565 is working on because they've got
_U41gWxpQPM-00613-00167566-00167748 basically and correct me if I'm wrong
_U41gWxpQPM-00614-00167749-00168033 fifty separate courses that are pretty
_U41gWxpQPM-00615-00168034-00168258 transdisciplinary in nature that could
_U41gWxpQPM-00616-00168259-00168660 be stacked to equal one course that the
_U41gWxpQPM-00617-00168661-00168825 and I think that's really interesting
_U41gWxpQPM-00618-00168826-00168960 they're putting micro-credentials on
_U41gWxpQPM-00619-00168961-00169091 you've got eight altogether is that
_U41gWxpQPM-00620-00169092-00169913 correct
_U41gWxpQPM-00621-00169914-00170075 okay so one at the moment in creating
_U41gWxpQPM-00622-00170076-00170232 another five or six and so that was I
_U41gWxpQPM-00623-00170233-00170447 think really exciting the next question
_U41gWxpQPM-00624-00170448-00170624 we had were what micro-credentials and
_U41gWxpQPM-00625-00170625-00170912 exit qualifications could be or could be
_U41gWxpQPM-00626-00170913-00170945 or
_U41gWxpQPM-00627-00170946-00171149 EU be able to offer in support of the
_U41gWxpQPM-00628-00171150-00171432 SDGs and we thought a first year of
_U41gWxpQPM-00629-00171433-00171662 study and sustainability that's really
_U41gWxpQPM-00630-00171663-00171839 explicitly mapped to the SDGs and you
_U41gWxpQPM-00631-00171840-00171977 can think about how that would be
_U41gWxpQPM-00632-00171978-00172322 appealing to different people across all
_U41gWxpQPM-00633-00172323-00172581 parameters of the world really because
_U41gWxpQPM-00634-00172582-00172973 the SDGs are so quite important we've
_U41gWxpQPM-00635-00172974-00173162 got some additional areas to support the
_U41gWxpQPM-00636-00173163-00173303 SDGs and this is where I think our
_U41gWxpQPM-00637-00173304-00173532 discussion was really really exciting
_U41gWxpQPM-00638-00173533-00173774 one of the things we thought was that
_U41gWxpQPM-00639-00173775-00173959 you know the UN to play a direct role
_U41gWxpQPM-00640-00173960-00174299 with sort of acknowledging that these
_U41gWxpQPM-00641-00174300-00174507 micro credentials exist and it could
_U41gWxpQPM-00642-00174508-00174677 recommend them and they could approve
_U41gWxpQPM-00643-00174678-00174894 them and that would really increase the
_U41gWxpQPM-00644-00174895-00175182 take-up of participer distance
_U41gWxpQPM-00645-00175183-00175391 participants particularly if they were
_U41gWxpQPM-00646-00175392-00175546 going to lead to some kind of a
_U41gWxpQPM-00647-00175547-00175944 qualification or UN recognised degree
_U41gWxpQPM-00648-00175945-00176152 and we thought that was really really
_U41gWxpQPM-00649-00176153-00176408 interesting also in Australia with the
_U41gWxpQPM-00650-00176409-00176627 new Colombo finding where universities
_U41gWxpQPM-00651-00176628-00176816 get millions of dollars to send students
_U41gWxpQPM-00652-00176817-00177098 overseas we could have some of these
_U41gWxpQPM-00653-00177099-00177345 that were actually a prerequisite before
_U41gWxpQPM-00654-00177346-00177689 actually undertaking your work when you
_U41gWxpQPM-00655-00177690-00177854 go overseas particularly around gender
_U41gWxpQPM-00656-00177855-00178064 you know depending on what it is but you
_U41gWxpQPM-00657-00178065-00178270 know there were there was a few key ones
_U41gWxpQPM-00658-00178271-00178520 intercultural communication for example
_U41gWxpQPM-00659-00178521-00178883 would be a really important we also
_U41gWxpQPM-00660-00178884-00179171 thought it would be a really good idea
_U41gWxpQPM-00661-00179172-00179534 for the OER you to work with
_U41gWxpQPM-00662-00179535-00179708 particularly in Australia and there's
_U41gWxpQPM-00663-00179709-00179837 probably groups like this in other
_U41gWxpQPM-00664-00179838-00179984 countries the foundation for young
_U41gWxpQPM-00665-00179985-00180243 Australians fya has a number of really
_U41gWxpQPM-00666-00180244-00180645 pivotal reports about young Australians
_U41gWxpQPM-00667-00180646-00180791 and the fact that many young Australians
_U41gWxpQPM-00668-00180792-00181044 cannot find work because in schools they
_U41gWxpQPM-00669-00181045-00181265 haven't been learning the skills they
_U41gWxpQPM-00670-00181266-00181569 need that employers want where that
_U41gWxpQPM-00671-00181570-00181727 these micro credentials to be offered to
_U41gWxpQPM-00672-00181728-00181982 your year 10 year 11 and year 12 high
_U41gWxpQPM-00673-00181983-00182183 school students to help them not only
_U41gWxpQPM-00674-00182184-00182336 get into University but acquire
_U41gWxpQPM-00675-00182337-00182609 particular kinds of skills that
_U41gWxpQPM-00676-00182610-00183023 employers want and and right now the F Y
_U41gWxpQPM-00677-00183024-00183261 A's I've got an amazing web presence
_U41gWxpQPM-00678-00183262-00183498 their reports that they published since
_U41gWxpQPM-00679-00183499-00183854 2015 from the new work order to now it's
_U41gWxpQPM-00680-00183855-00184101 called the new work smarts and and
_U41gWxpQPM-00681-00184102-00184200 they've actually talked about
_U41gWxpQPM-00682-00184201-00184422 recognizing micro-credentials we found
_U41gWxpQPM-00683-00184423-00184551 out when we looked at their sites that I
_U41gWxpQPM-00684-00184552-00184737 think Wayne found that out so it's
_U41gWxpQPM-00685-00184738-00185054 really timely to perhaps maybe even
_U41gWxpQPM-00686-00185055-00185220 think about a partnership with them
_U41gWxpQPM-00687-00185221-00185439 where they could actually approve some
_U41gWxpQPM-00688-00185440-00185574 of these micro credentials much in the
_U41gWxpQPM-00689-00185575-00185820 same way the UN might and then encourage
_U41gWxpQPM-00690-00185821-00186009 young people to take them up or the
_U41gWxpQPM-00691-00186010-00186204 education systems to recognize them as
_U41gWxpQPM-00692-00186205-00186459 valid and also perhaps even tie them to
_U41gWxpQPM-00693-00186460-00186606 the Australian Curriculum there's
_U41gWxpQPM-00694-00186607-00186756 aspects of the Australian Curriculum
_U41gWxpQPM-00695-00186757-00186900 particularly the Australian Curriculum
_U41gWxpQPM-00696-00186901-00187194 technologies which many people are
_U41gWxpQPM-00697-00187195-00187422 struggling current teachers to teach
_U41gWxpQPM-00698-00187423-00187554 because they don't have a background in
_U41gWxpQPM-00699-00187555-00187857 technologies and the last thing we
_U41gWxpQPM-00700-00187858-00188043 talked about was the state of the future
_U41gWxpQPM-00701-00188044-00188208 report which is done by the Millennium
_U41gWxpQPM-00702-00188209-00188433 Project it comes out every two years the
_U41gWxpQPM-00703-00188434-00188799 2015 or 2017 one is out and it's open
_U41gWxpQPM-00704-00188800-00188985 access now and it highlights the 15
_U41gWxpQPM-00705-00188986-00189282 global challenges facing all of us on
_U41gWxpQPM-00706-00189283-00189468 planet earth and one of the things that
_U41gWxpQPM-00707-00189469-00189594 they talked about in that report is
_U41gWxpQPM-00708-00189595-00189921 technologies and an equitable and
_U41gWxpQPM-00709-00189922-00190068 sustainable use of technologies and also
_U41gWxpQPM-00710-00190069-00190257 the danger of cyber technologies and
_U41gWxpQPM-00711-00190258-00190497 cyber terrorism etc and how this
_U41gWxpQPM-00712-00190498-00190679 actually would be something that we
_U41gWxpQPM-00713-00190680-00191010 could also pretty pretty much talk about
_U41gWxpQPM-00714-00191011-00191223 these units or these courses in relation
_U41gWxpQPM-00715-00191224-00191436 to achieving or addressing some of these
_U41gWxpQPM-00716-00191437-00191685 challenges that humanity faces and how
_U41gWxpQPM-00717-00191686-00191907 the oer U has a suite of micro
_U41gWxpQPM-00718-00191908-00192318 credentials that are really useful in in
_U41gWxpQPM-00719-00192319-00192696 working to you know address these
_U41gWxpQPM-00720-00192697-00192849 challenges and clearly what are the next
_U41gWxpQPM-00721-00192850-00193074 steps are to action the ones that I just
_U41gWxpQPM-00722-00193075-00193407 talked about so you're all welcome to do
_U41gWxpQPM-00723-00193408-00193722 that that's with us in partnership so
_U41gWxpQPM-00724-00193723-00193983 thank you any questions and my group is
_U41gWxpQPM-00725-00193984-00194136 free to answer them too if you have
_U41gWxpQPM-00726-00194137-00194361 about the SDGs and some of the stuff we
_U41gWxpQPM-00727-00194362-00195624 discussed wouldn't our work focus on SPG
_U41gWxpQPM-00728-00195625-00195918 for the education for all and how does
_U41gWxpQPM-00729-00195919-00196212 it rate to the others I don't really see
_U41gWxpQPM-00730-00196213-00196473 how much it relates to the other the
_U41gWxpQPM-00731-00196474-00196640 question was around how it relates
_U41gWxpQPM-00732-00196641-00196838 to SDG for when we actually discussed
_U41gWxpQPM-00733-00196839-00196955 this because I asked the same exact
_U41gWxpQPM-00734-00196956-00197180 question because SDG four is really
_U41gWxpQPM-00735-00197181-00197456 about getting young people access to
_U41gWxpQPM-00736-00197457-00197659 primary education and we thought that
_U41gWxpQPM-00737-00197660-00198098 overarching it would all really um it
_U41gWxpQPM-00738-00198099-00198296 would meet SDG for but then there's
_U41gWxpQPM-00739-00198297-00198548 fifty titles of of units for example
_U41gWxpQPM-00740-00198549-00198716 that have been mapped the breadth units
_U41gWxpQPM-00741-00198717-00198908 from the University of Tasmania and they
_U41gWxpQPM-00742-00198909-00199151 are very transdisciplinary and they
_U41gWxpQPM-00743-00199152-00199484 could be used by teachers as well as by
_U41gWxpQPM-00744-00199485-00199769 students and those interested in working
_U41gWxpQPM-00745-00199770-00200015 towards the SDGs but we felt that they
_U41gWxpQPM-00746-00200016-00200324 would hit SGG who are clearly as well as
_U41gWxpQPM-00747-00200325-00200477 the other ones the way they've mapped
_U41gWxpQPM-00748-00200478-00200648 them out and I don't have the piece of
_U41gWxpQPM-00749-00200649-00200894 paper but please Rachel can share the
_U41gWxpQPM-00750-00200895-00201041 paper she's map them out in a really
_U41gWxpQPM-00751-00201042-00201308 interesting way she's got the STDs along
_U41gWxpQPM-00752-00201309-00201521 the top and then the course titles down
_U41gWxpQPM-00753-00201522-00201716 along the left side and how different
_U41gWxpQPM-00754-00201717-00201944 courses hit different SDGs and the way
_U41gWxpQPM-00755-00201945-00202076 they've already been designed in terms
_U41gWxpQPM-00756-00202077-00202250 of their descriptions and their learning
_U41gWxpQPM-00757-00202251-00202364 outcomes and I would imagine their
_U41gWxpQPM-00758-00202365-00202742 assessment tasks are there any other
_U41gWxpQPM-00759-00202743-00202985 question
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00000-00000064-00000373 NST iGate games formerly nihilistic
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00001-00000374-00000562 software was an American video game
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00002-00000563-00001315 developer based in Novato California
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00003-00001316-00001823 topic history
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00004-00001825-00002163 my allistic was founded in March 1998 by
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00005-00002164-00002452 Ray Greco Robert Heber and Steve teats
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00006-00002453-00002726 Gress CO and Heber had formerly worked
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00007-00002727-00002909 at Lucas AR and teats had worked at
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00008-00002910-00003180 rogue entertainment many of nihilistic
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00009-00003181-00003417 symp were drawn from Lucas are working
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00010-00003418-00003720 on games such as Jedi Knight the first
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00011-00003721-00003954 game produced by nihilistic was vampire
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00012-00003954-00004170 the masquerade Redemption set in the
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00013-00004171-00004353 year old playing world created by White
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00014-00004354-00004686 Wolf released in 2000 vampire the
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00015-00004687-00004884 masquerade Redemption was published by
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00016-00004885-00005078 Activision for Microsoft Windows and
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00017-00005079-00005396 Apple Macintosh computers for their next
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00018-00005397-00005613 project nihilistic began to develop
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00019-00005614-00005900 Starcraft ghosts supervised by StarCraft
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00020-00005901-00006171 creator Blizzard Entertainment in mid
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00021-00006172-00006438 200 for nihilistic ceased working on
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00022-00006439-00006603 Starcraft ghosts although the
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00023-00006604-00006777 circumstances behind this are not
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00024-00006778-00007070 entirely clear the project was taken up
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00025-00007072-00007259 by swing and eight studios which was
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00026-00007261-00007512 later bought by Blizzard finally in
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00027-00007513-00007778 March 2006 Blizzard Entertainment
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00028-00007779-00007962 announced that Starcraft ghost was
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00029-00007963-00008150 placed on indefinite hold
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00030-00008151-00008514 meanwhile in 2005 nihilistic completed
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00031-00008515-00008727 development on Marvel nemesis rise of
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00032-00008728-00008925 the Imperfects a fighting game based on
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00033-00008926-00009243 Marvel Comics various superheroes Marvel
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00034-00009244-00009441 nemesis rise of the Imperfects was
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00035-00009442-00009639 published by Electronic Arts for the
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00036-00009640-00009989 PlayStation 2 Xbox and Nintendo GameCube
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00037-00009990-00010245 nihilistic released their first next-gen
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00038-00010246-00010485 title Conan for both the PlayStation 3
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00039-00010486-00010848 and Xbox 360 game consoles according to
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00040-00010849-00011114 a preview article in the March 2007
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00041-00011115-00011328 issue of Game Informer Conan as an
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00042-00011329-00011556 action-adventure game based on Robert E
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00043-00011557-00011766 Howard's famous sword & Sworcery hero
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00044-00011767-00012042 Conan the Barbarian this title was
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00045-00012043-00012306 released by the publisher THQ on October
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00046-00012307-00012783 23 2007 in the fall of 2009 Konami
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00047-00012784-00012999 published nihilistic software's first
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00048-00013000-00013233 downloadable game zombie apocalypse on
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00049-00013234-00013508 Xbox Live for the Xbox 360 and on the
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00050-00013509-00013707 PlayStation Network for the PlayStation
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00051-00013708-00014058 3 zombie apocalypses multiplayer arcade
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00052-00014059-00014274 style dual stick shooter with zombies as
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00053-00014275-00014567 the opponent they developed PlayStation
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00054-00014568-00014793 Move heroes for the PlayStation 3 for
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00055-00014794-00014972 the PlayStation Move which was released
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00056-00014974-00015216 in March 2011 on May 29
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00057-00015216-00015455 20:12 nihilistic released resistance
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00058-00015456-00015663 burning Skies for the PlayStation Vita
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00059-00015663-00015969 on October 17 2012 nihilistic
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00060-00015969-00016172 reorganized their business to focus on
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00061-00016173-00016365 mobile gaming changing their name to n
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00062-00016366-00016794 STI gate on November 13 2012 n STI gate
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00063-00016795-00016982 released call of duty black ops
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00064-00016983-00017271 Declassified for the Vita the game was
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00065-00017272-00017475 widely panned critically for poor design
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00066-00017476-00017811 and crippling technical problems
_UPTqAHMeTQ-00067-00017812-00018156 equals equals games
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00000-00000361-00000774 [Music]
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00001-00000775-00001152 so
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00002-00001153-00003838 [Music]
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00003-00003839-00004265 what
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00004-00004266-00004495 [Music]
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00005-00004496-00004827 what
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00006-00004828-00005683 [Music]
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_V6Oh0oDXlA-00008-00006631-00007073 what
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00009-00007073-00008103 [Music]
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_V6Oh0oDXlA-00012-00009232-00009879 do
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00013-00009880-00010449 [Music]
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00014-00010450-00011315 [Music]
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_V6Oh0oDXlA-00016-00012557-00013430 [Music]
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00017-00013431-00013877 so
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00018-00013878-00014943 [Music]
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00019-00014944-00015079 so
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00020-00015080-00015187 [Applause]
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00021-00015188-00016958 [Music]
_V6Oh0oDXlA-00022-00016959-00017168 you
_VViZL5ch8A-00000-00000114-00000364 okay have you ever heard this I broke up
_VViZL5ch8A-00001-00000365-00000509 with her because we could not
_VViZL5ch8A-00002-00000509-00000724 communicate effect
_VViZL5ch8A-00003-00000725-00000912 in this video
_VViZL5ch8A-00004-00000913-00001211 relationships need this
_VViZL5ch8A-00005-00001212-00001427 my name is Laurel and welcome to my
_VViZL5ch8A-00006-00001428-00001679 YouTube channel Gloria Lana thanks for
_VViZL5ch8A-00007-00001680-00001852 watching if you've not subscribed please
_VViZL5ch8A-00008-00001853-00002129 do subscribe share and like this video
_VViZL5ch8A-00009-00002130-00002345 and leave a comment
_VViZL5ch8A-00010-00002346-00002605 if relationships needless to succeed
_VViZL5ch8A-00011-00002606-00003005 sure everybody complains a lot about oh
_VViZL5ch8A-00012-00003006-00003274 I couldn't communicate with her oh I
_VViZL5ch8A-00013-00003275-00003485 just can't communicate with that woman
_VViZL5ch8A-00014-00003486-00003743 or I just can't get through to that
_VViZL5ch8A-00015-00003744-00004025 woman but is that what you really need
_VViZL5ch8A-00016-00004026-00004345 to make your relationship succeed for
_VViZL5ch8A-00017-00004346-00004601 relationships to succeed sure it is
_VViZL5ch8A-00018-00004602-00004985 important to communicate effectively but
_VViZL5ch8A-00019-00004986-00005188 at the same time
_VViZL5ch8A-00020-00005189-00005333 there is
_VViZL5ch8A-00021-00005334-00005741 one important factor in a relationship
_VViZL5ch8A-00022-00005742-00006041 that one needs to actually make sure
_VViZL5ch8A-00023-00006042-00006383 that they have and that is respect for
_VViZL5ch8A-00024-00006384-00006803 relationship to succeed effectively you
_VViZL5ch8A-00025-00006804-00007037 need to have respect because with
_VViZL5ch8A-00026-00007038-00007342 respect in a relationship you guys can
_VViZL5ch8A-00027-00007343-00007577 achieve a lot you can achieve your goals
_VViZL5ch8A-00028-00007578-00007889 with respect in a relationship you can
_VViZL5ch8A-00029-00007890-00008146 have better sex the sex is going to be
_VViZL5ch8A-00030-00008147-00008381 10 the sex is going to be good
_VViZL5ch8A-00031-00008382-00008795 with a great relationship
_VViZL5ch8A-00032-00008796-00009142 there is respect for relationship to
_VViZL5ch8A-00033-00009143-00009317 succeed
_VViZL5ch8A-00034-00009318-00009587 you need respect because with respect
_VViZL5ch8A-00035-00009588-00009863 you can actually overcome a lot a lot
_VViZL5ch8A-00036-00009864-00010078 means you can overcome the fact that you
_VViZL5ch8A-00037-00010079-00010301 guys come from different cultures
_VViZL5ch8A-00038-00010302-00010510 you guys come
_VViZL5ch8A-00039-00010511-00010733 from different places probably
_VViZL5ch8A-00040-00010734-00011081 orientation beliefs you guys come from
_VViZL5ch8A-00041-00011082-00011273 different religions
_VViZL5ch8A-00042-00011274-00011645 for relationship to succeed you must
_VViZL5ch8A-00043-00011646-00011956 really respect each other and it
_VViZL5ch8A-00044-00011957-00012269 actually leads you to the fact that you
_VViZL5ch8A-00045-00012270-00012545 can better understand each other
_VViZL5ch8A-00046-00012546-00012815 love is a huge part of a relationship
_VViZL5ch8A-00047-00012816-00013102 and if there is no lot to start with
_VViZL5ch8A-00048-00013103-00013397 when our relationship starts with
_VViZL5ch8A-00049-00013397-00013613 respect you can actually achieve that
_VViZL5ch8A-00050-00013613-00014063 and the love is going to be better and
_VViZL5ch8A-00051-00014063-00014243 just so great
_VViZL5ch8A-00052-00014244-00014530 for relationship to succeed respect is
_VViZL5ch8A-00053-00014531-00014777 important sure you've got to communicate
_VViZL5ch8A-00054-00014778-00015085 effectively certain it's important too
_VViZL5ch8A-00055-00015086-00015316 it's an important factor in a
_VViZL5ch8A-00056-00015318-00015605 relationship but respect is also needed
_VViZL5ch8A-00057-00015606-00015935 in a relationship for it to succeed
_VViZL5ch8A-00058-00015936-00016199 please if you like this video I would
_VViZL5ch8A-00059-00016200-00016421 like you to leave a comment
_VViZL5ch8A-00060-00016422-00016655 my name is Laura Elena this is my
_VViZL5ch8A-00061-00016656-00016894 YouTube channel Gloria liner be sure to
_VViZL5ch8A-00062-00016895-00017117 follow me on Instagram and on Twitter
_VViZL5ch8A-00063-00017118-00017375 I'll leave the links below and if
_VViZL5ch8A-00064-00017376-00017639 there's some video added some value to
_VViZL5ch8A-00065-00017640-00017944 your life I would like you to like it
_VViZL5ch8A-00066-00017945-00018239 share it and please subscribe to this
_VViZL5ch8A-00067-00018240-00018372 YouTube channel
_VViZL5ch8A-00068-00018373-00018683 has been another video relationships
_VViZL5ch8A-00069-00018684-00019034 need this to succeed
_W0Rtbj69V4-00000-00000256-00000954 [Music]
_W0Rtbj69V4-00001-00000955-00001133 real real
_W0Rtbj69V4-00002-00001134-00001905 real big news
_W0Rtbj69V4-00003-00001905-00003251 [Music]
_W0Rtbj69V4-00004-00003252-00003810 nope
_W0Rtbj69V4-00005-00003811-00004117 [Music]
_W0Rtbj69V4-00006-00004118-00004769 I love those me too
_W0Rtbj69V4-00007-00004770-00004991 so remember Blue's paw prints will be on
_W0Rtbj69V4-00008-00004992-00005383 the clues
_W0Rtbj69V4-00009-00005384-00005675 [Applause]
_W0Rtbj69V4-00010-00005676-00005911 well it's the notebook
_W0Rtbj69V4-00011-00005912-00006179 good thinking I'll use it to take the
_W0Rtbj69V4-00012-00006180-00006448 joke
_W0Rtbj69V4-00013-00006450-00006719 thanks mailbox bye
_W0Rtbj69V4-00014-00006720-00006901 foreign
_W0Rtbj69V4-00015-00006902-00007896 [Music]
_W0Rtbj69V4-00016-00007897-00008453 with numbers
_W0Rtbj69V4-00017-00008454-00009796 [Music]
_W0Rtbj69V4-00019-00018654-00018941 the plan and Steve walks in blue will
_W0Rtbj69V4-00020-00018942-00019205 turn on the light and everybody needs to
_W0Rtbj69V4-00021-00019206-00019253 yell
_W0Rtbj69V4-00022-00019254-00020063 [Music]
_W0Rtbj69V4-00023-00020064-00020649 surprise party for me
_W0Rtbj69V4-00024-00020650-00020891 [Music]
_W0Rtbj69V4-00025-00020892-00021143 we're all gonna miss you
_W0Rtbj69V4-00026-00021144-00022171 foreign
_W0Rtbj69V4-00027-00022172-00022501 thanks again
_W0Rtbj69V4-00028-00022502-00022885 [Music]
_W0Rtbj69V4-00029-00022886-00023142 yeah I do too
_W0Rtbj69V4-00030-00023143-00023855 [Music]
_WMj5oBHUJY-00000-00000000-00000221 Petersburg Times city girl gets gold in
_WMj5oBHUJY-00001-00000222-00000473 world Math Olympiad Voice of America
_WMj5oBHUJY-00002-00000474-00000703 first US team to compete in the China
_WMj5oBHUJY-00003-00000704-00000968 girls Math Olympiad Petersburg Times
_WMj5oBHUJY-00004-00000969-00001157 city girl gets gold in world Math
_WMj5oBHUJY-00005-00001158-00001502 Olympiad Voice of America first US team
_WMj5oBHUJY-00006-00001503-00001648 to compete in the China girls Math
_WMj5oBHUJY-00007-00001650-00001960 Olympiad Petersburg Times city girl gets
_WMj5oBHUJY-00008-00001961-00002242 gold in world Math Olympiad Voice of
_WMj5oBHUJY-00009-00002243-00002462 America first US team to compete in the
_WMj5oBHUJY-00010-00002463-00002720 China girls Math Olympiad Petersburg
_WMj5oBHUJY-00011-00002721-00002939 Times city girl gets gold in world Math
_WMj5oBHUJY-00012-00002940-00003281 Olympiad Voice of America first US team
_WMj5oBHUJY-00013-00003282-00003431 to compete in the China girls Math
_WMj5oBHUJY-00014-00003432-00003743 Olympiad Petersburg Times city girl gets
_WMj5oBHUJY-00015-00003744-00004025 gold in world Math Olympiad Voice of
_WMj5oBHUJY-00016-00004026-00004241 America first US team to compete in the
_WMj5oBHUJY-00017-00004242-00004526 China girls Math Olympiad
_WMCVlg5-w0-00000-00000045-00000317 the provinces and territories of Canada
_WMCVlg5-w0-00001-00000318-00000499 are the sub-national governments within
_WMCVlg5-w0-00002-00000500-00000706 the geographical areas of Canada under
_WMCVlg5-w0-00003-00000707-00000844 the authority of the Canadian
_WMCVlg5-w0-00004-00000846-00001195 Constitution in the 1867 Canadian
_WMCVlg5-w0-00005-00001196-00001411 Confederation three provinces of British
_WMCVlg5-w0-00006-00001412-00001718 North America New Brunswick Nova Scotia
_WMCVlg5-w0-00007-00001719-00001922 and the province of Canada which upon
_WMCVlg5-w0-00008-00001923-00002135 Confederation was divided into Ontario
_WMCVlg5-w0-00009-00002136-00002372 and Quebec were united to form a
_WMCVlg5-w0-00010-00002373-00002579 federated colony becoming a sovereign
_WMCVlg5-w0-00011-00002580-00002840 nation in the next century over its
_WMCVlg5-w0-00012-00002841-00003059 history Canada's international borders
_WMCVlg5-w0-00013-00003060-00003238 have changed several times and the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00014-00003239-00003428 country has grown from the original four
_WMCVlg5-w0-00015-00003429-00003602 provinces to the current ten provinces
_WMCVlg5-w0-00016-00003603-00003935 and 3 territories the ten provinces are
_WMCVlg5-w0-00017-00003936-00004199 Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New
_WMCVlg5-w0-00018-00004200-00004454 Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Nova
_WMCVlg5-w0-00019-00004455-00004703 Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island
_WMCVlg5-w0-00020-00004704-00005003 Quebec and Saskatchewan together the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00021-00005004-00005197 provinces and territories make up the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00022-00005198-00005446 world's second largest country by area
_WMCVlg5-w0-00023-00005447-00005705 several of the provinces were former
_WMCVlg5-w0-00024-00005706-00005879 British colonies and Quebec was
_WMCVlg5-w0-00025-00005880-00006077 originally a French colony while others
_WMCVlg5-w0-00026-00006078-00006329 were added as Canada grew the three
_WMCVlg5-w0-00027-00006330-00006538 territories are Northwest Territories
_WMCVlg5-w0-00028-00006539-00006748 Nunavut and Yukon which governed the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00029-00006749-00006910 rest of the area of the former British
_WMCVlg5-w0-00030-00006911-00007205 North America the major difference
_WMCVlg5-w0-00031-00007206-00007378 between a Canadian province and a
_WMCVlg5-w0-00032-00007379-00007585 territory is that provinces received
_WMCVlg5-w0-00033-00007586-00007738 their power and authority from the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00034-00007739-00008041 Constitution Act 1867 formerly called
_WMCVlg5-w0-00035-00008042-00008335 the British North America Act 1867
_WMCVlg5-w0-00036-00008336-00008512 whereas territorial governments have
_WMCVlg5-w0-00037-00008513-00008656 powers delegated to them by the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00038-00008657-00008935 Parliament of Canada the powers flowing
_WMCVlg5-w0-00039-00008936-00009127 from the Constitution Act are divided
_WMCVlg5-w0-00040-00009128-00009295 between the Government of Canada the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00041-00009296-00009448 federal government and the provincial
_WMCVlg5-w0-00042-00009449-00009681 governments to exercise exclusively a
_WMCVlg5-w0-00043-00009682-00009931 change to the division of powers between
_WMCVlg5-w0-00044-00009932-00010141 the federal government and the provinces
_WMCVlg5-w0-00045-00010142-00010312 requires a constitutional amendment
_WMCVlg5-w0-00046-00010313-00010534 whereas a similar change affecting the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00047-00010535-00010678 territories can be performed
_WMCVlg5-w0-00048-00010679-00010864 unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada
_WMCVlg5-w0-00049-00010865-00011139 or government in modern Canadian
_WMCVlg5-w0-00050-00011140-00011377 constitutional theory the provinces are
_WMCVlg5-w0-00051-00011378-00011524 considered to be sovereign within
_WMCVlg5-w0-00052-00011525-00011719 certain areas based on the divisions of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00053-00011720-00011926 responsibilities between the provincial
_WMCVlg5-w0-00054-00011927-00012067 and federal government within the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00055-00012068-00012358 Constitution Act 1867 and each province
_WMCVlg5-w0-00056-00012359-00012556 thus has its own representative of the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00057-00012557-00012805 Canadian crown the Lieutenant Governor
_WMCVlg5-w0-00058-00012806-00013063 the territories are not sovereign but
_WMCVlg5-w0-00059-00013064-00013196 instead their authorities and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00060-00013197-00013405 responsibilities come directly from the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00061-00013406-00013436 Feder
_WMCVlg5-w0-00062-00013437-00013577 level and as a result have a
_WMCVlg5-w0-00063-00013578-00013747 commissioner instead of a lieutenant
_WMCVlg5-w0-00064-00013748-00014149 governor
_WMCVlg5-w0-00065-00014150-00014568 topic map
_WMCVlg5-w0-00066-00014569-00015085 topic Provinces
_WMCVlg5-w0-00067-00015086-00015447 notes
_WMCVlg5-w0-00068-00015449-00016074 topic provincial legislature buildings
_WMCVlg5-w0-00069-00016075-00016593 Topic territories
_WMCVlg5-w0-00070-00016594-00016845 there are three territories in Canada
_WMCVlg5-w0-00071-00016846-00017088 unlike the provinces the territories of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00072-00017089-00017295 Canada have no inherent sovereignty and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00073-00017296-00017493 have only those powers delegated to them
_WMCVlg5-w0-00074-00017494-00017730 by the federal government they include
_WMCVlg5-w0-00075-00017731-00017943 all of mainland Canada north of latitude
_WMCVlg5-w0-00076-00017944-00018207 60 degrees north and west of Hudson Bay
_WMCVlg5-w0-00077-00018208-00018396 as well as most islands north of the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00078-00018397-00018579 Canadian mainland from those in James
_WMCVlg5-w0-00079-00018580-00018858 Bay to the Canadian Arctic Islands the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00080-00018859-00019077 following table lists the territories in
_WMCVlg5-w0-00081-00019078-00019272 order of precedence each province has
_WMCVlg5-w0-00082-00019273-00019461 precedence over all the territories
_WMCVlg5-w0-00083-00019462-00019626 regardless of the date each territory
_WMCVlg5-w0-00084-00019627-00019996 was created
_WMCVlg5-w0-00085-00019997-00020650 topic territorial legislature buildings
_WMCVlg5-w0-00086-00020651-00021238 topic territorial evolution
_WMCVlg5-w0-00087-00021239-00021527 Ontario Quebec New Brunswick and Nova
_WMCVlg5-w0-00088-00021528-00021736 Scotia where the original provinces
_WMCVlg5-w0-00089-00021737-00021905 formed when several British North
_WMCVlg5-w0-00090-00021906-00022155 American colonies federated on July 1st
_WMCVlg5-w0-00091-00022156-00022444 1867 into the Dominion of Canada and by
_WMCVlg5-w0-00092-00022445-00022643 stages began accruing the indicia of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00093-00022644-00022825 sovereignty from the United Kingdom
_WMCVlg5-w0-00094-00022826-00023108 prior to this Ontario and Quebec were
_WMCVlg5-w0-00095-00023109-00023366 united as the province of Canada over
_WMCVlg5-w0-00096-00023367-00023653 the following years Manitoba 1870
_WMCVlg5-w0-00097-00023654-00023950 British Columbia 1871 and Prince Edward
_WMCVlg5-w0-00098-00023951-00024368 Island 1873 were added as provinces the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00099-00024369-00024550 British crown had claimed two large
_WMCVlg5-w0-00100-00024551-00024781 areas northwest of the Canadian colony
_WMCVlg5-w0-00101-00024782-00024931 known as Rupert's land in the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00102-00024932-00025133 northwestern territory and assigned them
_WMCVlg5-w0-00103-00025134-00025472 to the Hudson's Bay Company in 1870 the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00104-00025473-00025658 company relinquished its claims for
_WMCVlg5-w0-00105-00025658-00025967 300,000 pounds 1.5 million dollars
_WMCVlg5-w0-00106-00025968-00026162 assigning the vast territory to the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00107-00026163-00026432 Government of Canada subsequently the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00108-00026433-00026639 area was reorganized into the province
_WMCVlg5-w0-00109-00026639-00026858 of Manitoba in the Northwest Territories
_WMCVlg5-w0-00110-00026858-00027143 the Northwest Territories were vast at
_WMCVlg5-w0-00111-00027144-00027335 first encompassing all of current
_WMCVlg5-w0-00112-00027336-00027542 northern and western Canada except for
_WMCVlg5-w0-00113-00027543-00027692 the British holdings in the Arctic
_WMCVlg5-w0-00114-00027693-00027851 Islands and the colony of British
_WMCVlg5-w0-00115-00027852-00028087 Columbia the territories also included
_WMCVlg5-w0-00116-00028088-00028264 the northern two-thirds of Ontario and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00117-00028266-00028465 Quebec and almost all of present
_WMCVlg5-w0-00118-00028466-00028702 Manitoba with the 1870 province of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00119-00028703-00028921 Manitoba originally being confined to a
_WMCVlg5-w0-00120-00028922-00029093 small area in the south of today's
_WMCVlg5-w0-00121-00029094-00029345 province the British claims to the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00122-00029345-00029510 Arctic islands were transferred to
_WMCVlg5-w0-00123-00029511-00029762 Canada in 1880 adding to the size of the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00124-00029763-00030083 Northwest Territories the year of 1898
_WMCVlg5-w0-00125-00030083-00030323 saw the Yukon Territory later renamed
_WMCVlg5-w0-00126-00030324-00030557 simply as Yukon carved from the parts of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00127-00030558-00030733 the Northwest Territories surrounding
_WMCVlg5-w0-00128-00030734-00030865 the Klondike Gold Fields
_WMCVlg5-w0-00129-00030866-00031243 on September 1st 1905 a portion of the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00130-00031244-00031465 Northwest Territories south of the 60th
_WMCVlg5-w0-00131-00031466-00031664 parallel north became the provinces of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00132-00031664-00032012 Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1912 the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00133-00032013-00032215 boundaries of Quebec Ontario and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00134-00032216-00032408 Manitoba were expanded northward
_WMCVlg5-w0-00135-00032408-00032636 Manitoba's to the 60 degrees parallel
_WMCVlg5-w0-00136-00032637-00032867 Ontario's to Hudson Bay in Quebec to
_WMCVlg5-w0-00137-00032868-00033248 encompass the District of Ungava in 1869
_WMCVlg5-w0-00138-00033249-00033458 the people of Newfoundland voted to
_WMCVlg5-w0-00139-00033459-00033668 remain a British colony over fears that
_WMCVlg5-w0-00140-00033669-00033865 taxes would increase with Confederation
_WMCVlg5-w0-00141-00033866-00034049 and that the economic policy of the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00142-00034050-00034235 Canadian government would favor mainland
_WMCVlg5-w0-00143-00034236-00034622 industries in 1907 Newfoundland acquired
_WMCVlg5-w0-00144-00034623-00034844 status in the middle of the Great
_WMCVlg5-w0-00145-00034845-00035036 Depression in Canada with Newfoundland
_WMCVlg5-w0-00146-00035037-00035258 facing a prolonged period of economic
_WMCVlg5-w0-00147-00035259-00035465 crisis the legislature turned over
_WMCVlg5-w0-00148-00035466-00035642 political control to the commission of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00149-00035643-00035972 government in 1933 following Canada's
_WMCVlg5-w0-00150-00035973-00036284 participation in world war ii in a 1948
_WMCVlg5-w0-00151-00036285-00036488 referendum a narrow majority of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00152-00036489-00036686 Newfoundland citizens voted to join the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00153-00036687-00036998 Confederation and on March 31st 1949
_WMCVlg5-w0-00154-00036999-00037187 Newfoundland became Canada's tenth
_WMCVlg5-w0-00155-00037188-00037517 province in 2001 it was officially
_WMCVlg5-w0-00156-00037518-00037709 renamed Newfoundland and Labrador in
_WMCVlg5-w0-00157-00037710-00038030 1903 the Alaska Panhandle dispute fixed
_WMCVlg5-w0-00158-00038031-00038231 British Columbia's northwestern boundary
_WMCVlg5-w0-00159-00038232-00038513 this was one of only two provinces in
_WMCVlg5-w0-00160-00038514-00038681 Canadian history to have its size
_WMCVlg5-w0-00161-00038682-00039044 reduced the second reduction in 1927
_WMCVlg5-w0-00162-00039045-00039242 occurred when a boundary dispute between
_WMCVlg5-w0-00163-00039243-00039437 Canada and the Dominion of Newfoundland
_WMCVlg5-w0-00164-00039438-00039635 saw Labrador increased at Quebec's
_WMCVlg5-w0-00165-00039636-00039860 expense this land returned to Canada as
_WMCVlg5-w0-00166-00039861-00040045 part of the province of Newfoundland in
_WMCVlg5-w0-00167-00040046-00040517 1949 in 1999 Nunavut was created from
_WMCVlg5-w0-00168-00040518-00040685 the eastern portion of the Northwest
_WMCVlg5-w0-00169-00040686-00040985 Territories Yukon lies in the western
_WMCVlg5-w0-00170-00040986-00041183 portion of the north while Nunavut is in
_WMCVlg5-w0-00171-00041184-00041399 the East all three territories combined
_WMCVlg5-w0-00172-00041400-00041591 are the most sparsely populated region
_WMCVlg5-w0-00173-00041592-00041995 in Canada covering three million 921,000
_WMCVlg5-w0-00174-00041996-00042302 739 square kilometres 1 million five
_WMCVlg5-w0-00175-00042303-00042596 hundred fourteen thousand 192 square
_WMCVlg5-w0-00176-00042597-00042860 miles inland area they are often
_WMCVlg5-w0-00177-00042861-00043064 referred to as a single region the North
_WMCVlg5-w0-00178-00043065-00043304 for organizational and economic purposes
_WMCVlg5-w0-00179-00043305-00043502 for much of the Northwest Territories
_WMCVlg5-w0-00180-00043503-00043736 early history it was divided into
_WMCVlg5-w0-00181-00043737-00043871 several districts for ease of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00182-00043872-00044159 administration the District of Keewatin
_WMCVlg5-w0-00183-00044160-00044392 was created as a separate territory from
_WMCVlg5-w0-00184-00044393-00044771 1876 to 1905 after which as the Keewatin
_WMCVlg5-w0-00185-00044772-00044954 region it became an administrative
_WMCVlg5-w0-00186-00044955-00045220 district of the Northwest Territories in
_WMCVlg5-w0-00187-00045221-00045482 1999 it was dissolved when it became
_WMCVlg5-w0-00188-00045483-00045877 part of Nunavut
_WMCVlg5-w0-00189-00045878-00046378 topic government
_WMCVlg5-w0-00190-00046379-00046612 theoretically provinces have a great
_WMCVlg5-w0-00191-00046613-00046808 deal of power relative to the federal
_WMCVlg5-w0-00192-00046809-00046996 government with jurisdiction over many
_WMCVlg5-w0-00193-00046997-00047158 public goods such as healthcare
_WMCVlg5-w0-00194-00047159-00047437 education welfare and intra provincial
_WMCVlg5-w0-00195-00047438-00047749 transportation they receive transfer
_WMCVlg5-w0-00196-00047750-00047993 payments from the federal government to
_WMCVlg5-w0-00197-00047994-00048190 pay for these as well as exacting their
_WMCVlg5-w0-00198-00048191-00048493 own taxes in practice however the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00199-00048494-00048632 federal government can use these
_WMCVlg5-w0-00200-00048633-00048802 transfer payments to influence these
_WMCVlg5-w0-00201-00048803-00049099 provincial areas for instance in order
_WMCVlg5-w0-00202-00049100-00049259 to receive healthcare funding under
_WMCVlg5-w0-00203-00049260-00049471 Medicare provinces must agree to meet
_WMCVlg5-w0-00204-00049472-00049655 certain federal mandates such as
_WMCVlg5-w0-00205-00049656-00049874 universal access to required medical
_WMCVlg5-w0-00206-00049875-00050040 treatment provincial and territorial
_WMCVlg5-w0-00207-00050041-00050276 legislatures have no second chamber like
_WMCVlg5-w0-00208-00050277-00050534 the Canadian Senate originally most
_WMCVlg5-w0-00209-00050535-00050768 provinces did have such bodies known as
_WMCVlg5-w0-00210-00050769-00050996 legislative councils with members titled
_WMCVlg5-w0-00211-00050997-00051241 councillors these upper houses were
_WMCVlg5-w0-00212-00051242-00051466 abolished one by one québec's being the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00213-00051467-00051829 last in 1968 in most provinces the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00214-00051830-00052033 single house of the legislature is known
_WMCVlg5-w0-00215-00052034-00052211 as the Legislative Assembly the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00216-00052212-00052376 exceptions are Nova Scotia and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00217-00052377-00052550 Newfoundland and Labrador where the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00218-00052551-00052694 chamber is called the House of Assembly
_WMCVlg5-w0-00219-00052695-00052882 in Quebec where it is called the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00220-00052883-00053147 National Assembly Ontario has a
_WMCVlg5-w0-00221-00053148-00053369 Legislative Assembly but its members are
_WMCVlg5-w0-00222-00053370-00053510 called members of the provincial
_WMCVlg5-w0-00223-00053511-00053813 parliament or MPs the legislative
_WMCVlg5-w0-00224-00053814-00054016 assemblies use a procedure similar to
_WMCVlg5-w0-00225-00054017-00054184 that of the House of Commons of Canada
_WMCVlg5-w0-00226-00054185-00054442 the head of government of each province
_WMCVlg5-w0-00227-00054444-00054641 called the premier is generally the head
_WMCVlg5-w0-00228-00054641-00054901 of the party with the most seats this is
_WMCVlg5-w0-00229-00054902-00055057 also the case in Yukon
_WMCVlg5-w0-00230-00055058-00055219 but the Northwest Territories and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00231-00055220-00055429 Nunavut have no political parties at the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00232-00055430-00055651 territorial level the Queen's
_WMCVlg5-w0-00233-00055652-00055847 representative to each province as the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00234-00055848-00056044 Lieutenant Governor in each of the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00235-00056045-00056204 territories there is an analogous
_WMCVlg5-w0-00236-00056204-00056407 commissioner but he or she represents
_WMCVlg5-w0-00237-00056408-00056564 the federal government rather than the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00238-00056565-00056904 monarch
_WMCVlg5-w0-00239-00056905-00057507 topic provincial political parties
_WMCVlg5-w0-00240-00057508-00057741 most provinces have rough provincial
_WMCVlg5-w0-00241-00057741-00057939 counterparts to major federal parties
_WMCVlg5-w0-00242-00057940-00058194 however these provincial parties are not
_WMCVlg5-w0-00243-00058195-00058383 usually formally linked to the federal
_WMCVlg5-w0-00244-00058384-00058623 parties that share the same name for
_WMCVlg5-w0-00245-00058624-00058851 example no provincial conservative or
_WMCVlg5-w0-00246-00058852-00059061 Progressive Conservative Party shares an
_WMCVlg5-w0-00247-00059062-00059238 organizational link to the federal
_WMCVlg5-w0-00248-00059239-00059436 Conservative Party of Canada and neither
_WMCVlg5-w0-00249-00059437-00059637 do provincial green parties to the Green
_WMCVlg5-w0-00250-00059638-00059877 Party of Canada provincial new
_WMCVlg5-w0-00251-00059878-00060099 democratic parties on the other hand are
_WMCVlg5-w0-00252-00060100-00060291 fully integrated with the federal new
_WMCVlg5-w0-00253-00060291-00060408 democratic party
_WMCVlg5-w0-00254-00060409-00060546 meaning that provincial parties
_WMCVlg5-w0-00255-00060547-00060741 effectively operate as sections with
_WMCVlg5-w0-00256-00060741-00060939 common membership of the federal party
_WMCVlg5-w0-00257-00060940-00061233 the Liberal Party of Canada shares such
_WMCVlg5-w0-00258-00061234-00061428 an organizational integration with the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00259-00061429-00061580 provincial Liberals in New Brunswick
_WMCVlg5-w0-00260-00061582-00061841 Newfoundland and Labrador Nova Scotia
_WMCVlg5-w0-00261-00061842-00062082 and Prince Edward Island other
_WMCVlg5-w0-00262-00062083-00062247 provincial liberal parties are
_WMCVlg5-w0-00263-00062248-00062376 unaffiliated with their federal
_WMCVlg5-w0-00264-00062377-00062571 counterpart some provinces have
_WMCVlg5-w0-00265-00062572-00062763 provincial political parties with no
_WMCVlg5-w0-00266-00062764-00062958 clear federal equivalent such as the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00267-00062959-00063189 Alberta party Saskatchewan Party and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00268-00063190-00063522 Wildrose party the provincial political
_WMCVlg5-w0-00269-00063523-00063738 climate of Quebec is quite different the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00270-00063739-00063912 main split is between sovereignty
_WMCVlg5-w0-00271-00063913-00064116 represented by the parti québécois in
_WMCVlg5-w0-00272-00064116-00064304 Quebec Solidaire and federalism
_WMCVlg5-w0-00273-00064305-00064527 represented primarily by the Quebec
_WMCVlg5-w0-00274-00064528-00064803 Liberal Party the coalition Avenir
_WMCVlg5-w0-00275-00064804-00064989 Quebec meanwhile takes an abstention
_WMCVlg5-w0-00276-00064990-00065259 astana question and does not support or
_WMCVlg5-w0-00277-00065260-00065553 oppose sovereignty currently the only
_WMCVlg5-w0-00278-00065554-00065702 minority provincial territorial
_WMCVlg5-w0-00279-00065703-00065898 government is held by the British
_WMCVlg5-w0-00280-00065899-00066111 Columbia New Democratic Party after
_WMCVlg5-w0-00281-00066112-00066456 receiving 41 out of 87 seats in the 2017
_WMCVlg5-w0-00282-00066457-00066846 general election
_WMCVlg5-w0-00283-00066847-00067432 topic ceremonial territory
_WMCVlg5-w0-00284-00067433-00067709 the Canadian national Vimy memorial near
_WMCVlg5-w0-00285-00067710-00067916 vimi pas-de-calais and the Beaumont
_WMCVlg5-w0-00286-00067917-00068080 Hamel Newfoundland memorial near
_WMCVlg5-w0-00287-00068081-00068299 Beaumont Hamel France are ceremonially
_WMCVlg5-w0-00288-00068300-00068650 considered Canadian territory in 1922
_WMCVlg5-w0-00289-00068651-00068851 the French government donated the land
_WMCVlg5-w0-00290-00068852-00069092 used for the Vimy memorial freely and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00291-00069093-00069286 for all time to the Government of Canada
_WMCVlg5-w0-00292-00069287-00069554 the free use of the land exempt from all
_WMCVlg5-w0-00293-00069555-00069783 taxes
_WMCVlg5-w0-00294-00069784-00070005 the site of the somme battlefield near
_WMCVlg5-w0-00295-00070006-00070193 Beaumont Hamel sight was purchased in
_WMCVlg5-w0-00296-00070194-00070440 1921 by the people of the Dominion of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00297-00070441-00070686 Newfoundland these sites do not however
_WMCVlg5-w0-00298-00070687-00070947 enjoy extraterritorial status and are
_WMCVlg5-w0-00299-00070948-00071463 thus subject to French law
_WMCVlg5-w0-00300-00071464-00072086 topic proposed provinces and territories
_WMCVlg5-w0-00301-00072087-00072450 since Confederation in 1867 there have
_WMCVlg5-w0-00302-00072451-00072657 been several proposals for new Canadian
_WMCVlg5-w0-00303-00072658-00072888 provinces and territories the
_WMCVlg5-w0-00304-00072889-00073098 Constitution of Canada requires an
_WMCVlg5-w0-00305-00073099-00073263 amendment for the creation of a new
_WMCVlg5-w0-00306-00073264-00073443 province but the creation of a new
_WMCVlg5-w0-00307-00073444-00073647 territory requires only an act of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00308-00073648-00073845 Parliament a legislatively simpler
_WMCVlg5-w0-00309-00073846-00074160 process in late 2004 Prime Minister Paul
_WMCVlg5-w0-00310-00074161-00074346 Martin surprised some observers by
_WMCVlg5-w0-00311-00074347-00074550 expressing his personal support for all
_WMCVlg5-w0-00312-00074551-00074733 three territories gaining provincial
_WMCVlg5-w0-00313-00074734-00075039 status eventually he cited their
_WMCVlg5-w0-00314-00075040-00075207 importance to the country as a whole and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00315-00075208-00075411 the ongoing need to assert sovereignty
_WMCVlg5-w0-00316-00075412-00075624 in the Arctic particularly as global
_WMCVlg5-w0-00317-00075625-00075807 warming could make that region more open
_WMCVlg5-w0-00318-00075808-00076020 to exploitation leading to more complex
_WMCVlg5-w0-00319-00076021-00076585 international waters disputes
_WMCVlg5-w0-00320-00076586-00077110 topic see also
_WMCVlg5-w0-00321-00077111-00077382 Canadian provincial and territorial name
_WMCVlg5-w0-00322-00077383-00077719 etymologies Canadian adjectives 'el and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00323-00077720-00077943 daemon emic forms of place names
_WMCVlg5-w0-00324-00077944-00078199 language policies of Canada's provinces
_WMCVlg5-w0-00325-00078200-00078559 and territories list of areas disputed
_WMCVlg5-w0-00326-00078560-00078880 by Canada and the United States list of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00327-00078881-00079188 regions of Canada list of governments in
_WMCVlg5-w0-00328-00079189-00079425 Canada by annual expenditures
_WMCVlg5-w0-00329-00079426-00079654 Commonwealth local government forum
_WMCVlg5-w0-00330-00079655-00079986 America's provincial museums of Canada
_WMCVlg5-w0-00331-00079987-00080263 list of Canada related topics by
_WMCVlg5-w0-00332-00080264-00080550 provinces and territories list of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00333-00080551-00080773 Canadian provinces and territories by
_WMCVlg5-w0-00334-00080774-00081085 area list of Canadian provinces and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00335-00081086-00081321 territories by gross domestic product
_WMCVlg5-w0-00336-00081322-00081571 list of Canadian provinces and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00337-00081572-00081871 territories by population list of
_WMCVlg5-w0-00338-00081872-00082021 Canadian provincial and territorial
_WMCVlg5-w0-00339-00082022-00082390 symbols list of Canadian provinces by
_WMCVlg5-w0-00340-00082391-00083063 unemployment rate Canada Wikipedia book
_WMCVlg5-w0-00341-00083064-00083575 topic references
_WMCVlg5-w0-00342-00083576-00084092 topic further reading
_WMCVlg5-w0-00343-00084093-00084631 topic external links
_WMCVlg5-w0-00344-00084632-00084883 provincial and territorial government
_WMCVlg5-w0-00345-00084884-00085210 websites service canada provincial and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00346-00085211-00085414 territorial legislature websites
_WMCVlg5-w0-00347-00085415-00085720 Parliament of Canada difference between
_WMCVlg5-w0-00348-00085721-00085869 provinces and territories
_WMCVlg5-w0-00349-00085870-00086191 intergovernmental affairs provincial and
_WMCVlg5-w0-00350-00086192-00086505 territorial statistics Statistics Canada
_WMCVlg5-w0-00351-00086506-00086761 provincial and territorial immigration
_WMCVlg5-w0-00352-00086762-00086932 information Citizenship and Immigration
_WMCVlg5-w0-00353-00086933-00087271 Canada Canadian governments compared
_WMCVlg5-w0-00354-00087272-00087613 University of Public Administration
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00000-00000000-00000278 what does it mean for you to be a family
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00001-00000279-00000630 in project data from a continuity of
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00002-00000631-00001037 cash or generation means continuation of
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00003-00001038-00001333 our tradition of Jewish religions that
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00004-00001334-00001601 we pass to our children through our
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00005-00001602-00001976 friends and who contribute to our family
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00006-00001977-00002675 developmental growth what does it mean
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00007-00002676-00002950 for you to be a family in project data
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00008-00002951-00003242 for me it is a very meaningful event
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00009-00003243-00003575 because ten years ago for the first time
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00010-00003576-00003890 matters and I we're together at once and
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00011-00003890-00004120 daughters retreat and now ten years
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00012-00004121-00004394 later we are again a project catcher
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00013-00004395-00004747 seminar together for me it is a part of
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00014-00004748-00004972 contribution into the development of my
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00015-00004973-00005195 daughter's personality because
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00016-00005196-00005518 personally I have changed a lot thanks
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00017-00005519-00005795 to project Kesha and I hope that it will
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00018-00005796-00006083 be as helpful for my daughter and it
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00019-00006084-00006428 will be interesting useful and really of
_Y0gcZQMgdU-00020-00006429-00006748 great importance for you
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00000-00000038-00001407 [Music]
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00001-00001408-00001574 i'm cutting
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00002-00001575-00004283 look at these eyes
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00003-00004284-00004847 hello
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00004-00004848-00005063 cause i don't need you to like me i
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00005-00005064-00006199 don't need you to lie to me
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00006-00006200-00008286 cause i told you
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00007-00008287-00008483 [Music]
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00008-00008484-00008992 oh
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00009-00008993-00010314 [Music]
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00010-00010315-00010836 [Music]
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00011-00010837-00011103 [Music]
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00012-00011104-00011422 you can say hello
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00013-00011423-00011942 [Music]
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00014-00011943-00012159 cause i don't need you to like me i
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00015-00012160-00012367 don't need you to like me i don't need
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00016-00012368-00014083 you to worry
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00017-00014084-00015352 oh
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00018-00015353-00016024 [Music]
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00019-00016025-00017352 [Music]
_ZzZSAGJSjg-00021-00021008-00021215 you
_az67pbJPvk-00000-00000032-00000231 so we have a blob uh with what looks
_az67pbJPvk-00001-00000231-00000478 like a hot or pretzel on top and if we
_az67pbJPvk-00002-00000479-00000591 look at that
_az67pbJPvk-00003-00000592-00000902 and we look at the composition
_az67pbJPvk-00004-00000903-00001239 uh we are seeing a much higher level of
_az67pbJPvk-00005-00001240-00001350 carbon
_az67pbJPvk-00006-00001351-00001647 on the pretzel formation
_az67pbJPvk-00007-00001648-00001942 and uh if we go back
_az67pbJPvk-00008-00001943-00002030 and
_az67pbJPvk-00009-00002032-00002318 we move on to the next sample
_az67pbJPvk-00010-00002319-00002575 i expect that when this comes out it
_az67pbJPvk-00011-00002576-00002783 will have a much lower
_az67pbJPvk-00012-00002784-00003071 carbon composition and this is roughly
_az67pbJPvk-00013-00003072-00003254 the same shape as we get
_az67pbJPvk-00014-00003255-00003454 what do we got what have we got
_az67pbJPvk-00015-00003455-00003647 composition
_az67pbJPvk-00016-00003647-00003915 so that's about
_az67pbJPvk-00017-00003915-00004254 5.6.5 5.85
_az67pbJPvk-00018-00004255-00004470 settling down there
_az67pbJPvk-00019-00004471-00004631 but yeah this is
_az67pbJPvk-00020-00004632-00004919 this area with the lower
_az67pbJPvk-00021-00004920-00005111 carbon concentration the higher carbon
_az67pbJPvk-00022-00005112-00005500 concentration on the pretzel
_b6PCeCfsQk-00000-00000852-00001629 [Music]
_b6PCeCfsQk-00001-00001630-00001934 [Music]
_b6PCeCfsQk-00002-00001935-00001991 so the
_b6PCeCfsQk-00003-00001992-00002302 rhodes program is stands for reliable
_b6PCeCfsQk-00004-00002303-00002542 opportunities to advance dad support and
_b6PCeCfsQk-00005-00002543-00002687 it's a partnership with the child
_b6PCeCfsQk-00006-00002688-00002742 support
_b6PCeCfsQk-00007-00002743-00002983 services division of the ramsey county
_b6PCeCfsQk-00008-00002984-00003134 attorney's office and the workforce
_b6PCeCfsQk-00009-00003135-00003222 solutions
_b6PCeCfsQk-00010-00003223-00003551 program which offers employment services
_b6PCeCfsQk-00011-00003552-00003711 job coaching and things like that to
_b6PCeCfsQk-00012-00003711-00003886 help people become employed we kind of
_b6PCeCfsQk-00013-00003887-00003983 just focus on
_b6PCeCfsQk-00014-00003984-00004311 career planning and like next steps goal
_b6PCeCfsQk-00015-00004312-00004527 setting you know
_b6PCeCfsQk-00016-00004528-00004727 whatever we can work on to help advance
_b6PCeCfsQk-00017-00004728-00004943 them and overcome certain barriers so
_b6PCeCfsQk-00018-00004944-00005006 they can be
_b6PCeCfsQk-00019-00005007-00005175 better suitable fathers for their
_b6PCeCfsQk-00020-00005176-00005359 children one of the really
_b6PCeCfsQk-00021-00005360-00005567 unique aspects of the work that we're
_b6PCeCfsQk-00022-00005568-00005783 doing is collaborative departments
_b6PCeCfsQk-00023-00005784-00005959 is to ensure that there's really
_b6PCeCfsQk-00024-00005960-00006086 personalized
_b6PCeCfsQk-00025-00006087-00006399 support for the rhodes participants from
_b6PCeCfsQk-00026-00006400-00006567 the workforce side that can look
_b6PCeCfsQk-00027-00006568-00006751 in the form of an employment guidance
_b6PCeCfsQk-00028-00006752-00006951 counselor that's dedicated to that
_b6PCeCfsQk-00029-00006952-00007006 father
_b6PCeCfsQk-00030-00007008-00007206 and supports them all the way along the
_b6PCeCfsQk-00031-00007208-00007367 path of everything from
_b6PCeCfsQk-00032-00007368-00007527 figuring out what types of careers they
_b6PCeCfsQk-00033-00007528-00007687 might be interested in to preparing
_b6PCeCfsQk-00034-00007688-00007846 their resume helping with interview
_b6PCeCfsQk-00035-00007847-00008039 support helping with networking
_b6PCeCfsQk-00036-00008040-00008231 as well as just giving them that
_b6PCeCfsQk-00037-00008232-00008407 day-to-day support that they need in
_b6PCeCfsQk-00038-00008408-00008471 order to
_b6PCeCfsQk-00039-00008472-00009103 complete a thorough job search
_b6PCeCfsQk-00040-00009104-00009263 we also know that it's not just
_b6PCeCfsQk-00041-00009264-00009510 financial and we hear that a lot from
_b6PCeCfsQk-00042-00009511-00009687 the families that we serve is that men
_b6PCeCfsQk-00043-00009688-00009831 want to be more than just a paycheck to
_b6PCeCfsQk-00044-00009832-00009887 their kids
_b6PCeCfsQk-00045-00009888-00010159 so we also are looking at barriers in
_b6PCeCfsQk-00046-00010160-00010319 terms of being able to spend time with
_b6PCeCfsQk-00047-00010320-00010374 the child
_b6PCeCfsQk-00048-00010375-00010559 so working on co-parenting with the
_b6PCeCfsQk-00049-00010560-00010719 other parent working on having a
_b6PCeCfsQk-00050-00010720-00010927 court-ordered parenting time schedule
_b6PCeCfsQk-00051-00010928-00011110 and working on sort of self-esteem
_b6PCeCfsQk-00052-00011111-00011255 issues so a father who's able to
_b6PCeCfsQk-00053-00011256-00011431 contribute both financially and
_b6PCeCfsQk-00054-00011432-00011567 emotionally is going to feel better
_b6PCeCfsQk-00055-00011568-00011678 about their relationship with their
_b6PCeCfsQk-00056-00011679-00011838 child and more likely to be engaged
_b6PCeCfsQk-00057-00011839-00011910 rather than
_b6PCeCfsQk-00058-00011911-00012038 feeling like they just kind of you know
_b6PCeCfsQk-00059-00012039-00012159 want to disappear because they don't
_b6PCeCfsQk-00060-00012160-00012270 feel like they're really meeting
_b6PCeCfsQk-00061-00012271-00012446 their obligations as a father that's
_b6PCeCfsQk-00062-00012447-00012599 where we come in so long as somebody's
_b6PCeCfsQk-00063-00012600-00012751 participating in the program we will
_b6PCeCfsQk-00064-00012752-00012838 help them
_b6PCeCfsQk-00065-00012839-00012974 with the child support side they don't
_b6PCeCfsQk-00066-00012975-00013183 have to worry about paying they don't
_b6PCeCfsQk-00067-00013184-00013263 have to worry about
_b6PCeCfsQk-00068-00013263-00013543 their license being held and other
_b6PCeCfsQk-00069-00013544-00014094 things
_b6PCeCfsQk-00070-00014095-00014303 you get a lot of the custodial parents
_b6PCeCfsQk-00071-00014304-00014430 that aren't happy
_b6PCeCfsQk-00072-00014431-00014566 with the program because they don't know
_b6PCeCfsQk-00073-00014568-00014751 about the program and that's something
_b6PCeCfsQk-00074-00014752-00014815 that we're
_b6PCeCfsQk-00075-00014816-00015047 we're trying to fix there's a fear for
_b6PCeCfsQk-00076-00015047-00015127 families that
_b6PCeCfsQk-00077-00015128-00015383 are reliant on public assistance and so
_b6PCeCfsQk-00078-00015384-00015455 moms
_b6PCeCfsQk-00079-00015456-00015599 that don't really understand how we're
_b6PCeCfsQk-00080-00015600-00015847 trying to help dad look at it as if
_b6PCeCfsQk-00081-00015847-00015999 we're working against them and not
_b6PCeCfsQk-00082-00016000-00016191 really you know to help
_b6PCeCfsQk-00083-00016191-00016399 but with the full family approach to get
_b6PCeCfsQk-00084-00016400-00016550 the child off of public assistance and
_b6PCeCfsQk-00085-00016551-00016607 the dad
_b6PCeCfsQk-00086-00016608-00016791 able to have that relationship and care
_b6PCeCfsQk-00087-00016792-00017030 for a child i think that's like the big
_b6PCeCfsQk-00088-00017031-00017150 picture goal
_b6PCeCfsQk-00089-00017151-00017358 for us if we have a case where the
_b6PCeCfsQk-00090-00017359-00017471 father hasn't paid
_b6PCeCfsQk-00091-00017472-00017703 in a year or two we will basically
_b6PCeCfsQk-00092-00017704-00017847 explain to them the benefits so
_b6PCeCfsQk-00093-00017848-00017999 if we can get this person on the right
_b6PCeCfsQk-00094-00018000-00018239 path we can get him a good paying job
_b6PCeCfsQk-00095-00018240-00018422 we will go ahead once he's settled and
_b6PCeCfsQk-00096-00018423-00018591 once he's done with the program and he
_b6PCeCfsQk-00097-00018592-00018735 gets a good paying job
_b6PCeCfsQk-00098-00018736-00018903 we'll go back to court if the
_b6PCeCfsQk-00099-00018904-00019063 non-custodial parent gets back on their
_b6PCeCfsQk-00100-00019064-00019150 feet then
_b6PCeCfsQk-00101-00019151-00019311 the mother is able to get that support
_b6PCeCfsQk-00102-00019312-00019479 from non-custodial parent right that's
_b6PCeCfsQk-00103-00019480-00019727 the goal is to to be able to
_b6PCeCfsQk-00104-00019728-00019919 have them you know the custodial parent
_b6PCeCfsQk-00105-00019920-00020079 to receive that support
_b6PCeCfsQk-00106-00020080-00020199 and to be able to take care of their
_b6PCeCfsQk-00107-00020200-00020383 children and for them to be less
_b6PCeCfsQk-00108-00020384-00020591 stressed about trying to figure out how
_b6PCeCfsQk-00109-00020592-00020727 you know they're going to make ends meet
_b6PCeCfsQk-00110-00020728-00020931 or how they're going to put food on the
_b6PCeCfsQk-00111-00020932-00021083 [Music]
_b6PCeCfsQk-00112-00021084-00021350 table
_b6PCeCfsQk-00113-00021351-00021599 i would tell them all the benefits that
_b6PCeCfsQk-00114-00021600-00021750 you know the non-custodial parent is
_b6PCeCfsQk-00115-00021751-00021886 going to be able to do and then i would
_b6PCeCfsQk-00116-00021887-00021958 also tell them
_b6PCeCfsQk-00117-00021959-00022175 how i would better help their child you
_b6PCeCfsQk-00118-00022176-00022350 know one him being able to build a
_b6PCeCfsQk-00119-00022351-00022558 relationship with his children to him
_b6PCeCfsQk-00120-00022559-00022727 being able to take care of his children
_b6PCeCfsQk-00121-00022728-00022878 and you know just giving some of that
_b6PCeCfsQk-00122-00022879-00023039 relief from the mother
_b6PCeCfsQk-00123-00023040-00023286 and allowing him to be able to assist
_b6PCeCfsQk-00124-00023287-00023430 and help her where
_b6PCeCfsQk-00125-00023431-00023655 he wasn't able to help her at some point
_b6PCeCfsQk-00126-00023656-00023814 in time we don't
_b6PCeCfsQk-00127-00023815-00024078 work with the mothers directly but we
_b6PCeCfsQk-00128-00024079-00024183 let them know
_b6PCeCfsQk-00129-00024184-00024375 what we're trying to achieve so we we
_b6PCeCfsQk-00130-00024376-00024519 notify the mothers praying where the
_b6PCeCfsQk-00131-00024520-00024647 program is
_b6PCeCfsQk-00132-00024648-00024950 and it involves basically um filing
_b6PCeCfsQk-00133-00024951-00025047 motions to
_b6PCeCfsQk-00134-00025048-00025247 stop somebody's total the transport so
_b6PCeCfsQk-00135-00025248-00025414 we have to notify the mother she has to
_b6PCeCfsQk-00136-00025415-00025503 be part of it
_b6PCeCfsQk-00137-00025504-00025662 when we go to court and try and explain
_b6PCeCfsQk-00138-00025663-00025855 this to a magistrate you know this is
_b6PCeCfsQk-00139-00025856-00026031 somebody who's willing to participate in
_b6PCeCfsQk-00140-00026032-00026094 a program
_b6PCeCfsQk-00141-00026095-00026287 and we are willing to give him a chance
_b6PCeCfsQk-00142-00026288-00026439 so we can stop the child support
_b6PCeCfsQk-00143-00026439-00026727 charging for now till he gets through
_b6PCeCfsQk-00144-00026727-00026799 with the program
_b6PCeCfsQk-00145-00026800-00027014 the thing is is why would you want to
_b6PCeCfsQk-00146-00027016-00027223 order that set so high that he's never
_b6PCeCfsQk-00147-00027224-00027351 going to be able to pay
_b6PCeCfsQk-00148-00027352-00027543 if he's not able to get back on his feet
_b6PCeCfsQk-00149-00027544-00027774 right so we try to make and try to help
_b6PCeCfsQk-00150-00027775-00027879 them understand
_b6PCeCfsQk-00151-00027880-00028111 what the end game is for this we have a
_b6PCeCfsQk-00152-00028112-00028287 lot of moms that are typically on public
_b6PCeCfsQk-00153-00028288-00028374 assistance
_b6PCeCfsQk-00154-00028375-00028551 that may know or have a relationship
_b6PCeCfsQk-00155-00028552-00028687 with dad but dad's
_b6PCeCfsQk-00156-00028688-00028862 still obligated to pay child support
_b6PCeCfsQk-00157-00028863-00029039 probably not in the household
_b6PCeCfsQk-00158-00029039-00029239 and we have flyers and tell them like
_b6PCeCfsQk-00159-00029239-00029358 hey you know if
_b6PCeCfsQk-00160-00029360-00029679 he wants to really get going and start a
_b6PCeCfsQk-00161-00029680-00029799 career
_b6PCeCfsQk-00162-00029800-00029918 have them give us a call and we could
_b6PCeCfsQk-00163-00029919-00030039 tell them a little bit more about this
_b6PCeCfsQk-00164-00030039-00030167 program so actually
_b6PCeCfsQk-00165-00030168-00030414 it benefits both parties in you know in
_b6PCeCfsQk-00166-00030416-00030558 the in this situation
_b6PCeCfsQk-00167-00030560-00030799 not just for the father or just for the
_b6PCeCfsQk-00168-00030800-00030983 mothers for both parties and then out to
_b6PCeCfsQk-00169-00030983-00032047 meet the child
_bcDyyA_fY0-00000-00000000-00000185 a matter of Tandy and my company is Zen
_bcDyyA_fY0-00001-00000186-00000394 windows Boston but the way the internet
_bcDyyA_fY0-00002-00000395-00000638 is today who needs a Salesman in their
_bcDyyA_fY0-00003-00000639-00000941 home you just do it online and do
_bcDyyA_fY0-00004-00000942-00001120 whatever you l so you want to do save
_bcDyyA_fY0-00005-00001121-00001457 yourself some time at Zen windows we
_bcDyyA_fY0-00006-00001458-00001710 never ask for a deposit down payment and
_bcDyyA_fY0-00007-00001711-00001957 just wait until the job's installed
_bcDyyA_fY0-00008-00001959-00002141 you're fully satisfied and you're happy
_bcDyyA_fY0-00009-00002142-00002414 and it's really why would you want to do
_bcDyyA_fY0-00010-00002415-00002668 it any other way there's only one thing
_bcDyyA_fY0-00011-00002669-00002842 that you really want to know the price
_bcDyyA_fY0-00012-00002843-00003040 and we can give you that in five minutes
_bcDyyA_fY0-00013-00003041-00003494 as simple as that so okay so uh so say
_bcDyyA_fY0-00014-00003495-00003794 you decide you want to go with an window
_bcDyyA_fY0-00015-00003795-00004028 sides it's very very simple you're going
_bcDyyA_fY0-00016-00004029-00004186 to give us a call or an email let us
_bcDyyA_fY0-00017-00004187-00004403 know you want to go ahead and our
_bcDyyA_fY0-00018-00004404-00004588 installation manager comes out we'll do
_bcDyyA_fY0-00019-00004589-00004733 exact measurements just get everything
_bcDyyA_fY0-00020-00004734-00004954 perfect for you and then you know two
_bcDyyA_fY0-00021-00004955-00005122 weeks later they'll come in and we'll
_bcDyyA_fY0-00022-00005123-00005261 get that installation done for you
_bcDyyA_fY0-00023-00005262-00005474 perfect and you don't pay anything until
_bcDyyA_fY0-00024-00005475-00005779 you fully satisfied this big is it
_bcDyyA_fY0-00025-00005780-00006109 really that simple yes it's really that
_bcDyyA_fY0-00026-00006110-00006377 simple so if you're looking for Windows
_bcDyyA_fY0-00027-00006378-00006701 you go online fill out the form give us
_bcDyyA_fY0-00028-00006702-00006809 a call whatever way you're more
_bcDyyA_fY0-00029-00006809-00006926 comfortable with and we'll give you a
_bcDyyA_fY0-00030-00006927-00007204 quote in 5 minutes
_c4u3rTUROc-00000-00000049-00000360 the Korean DMZ conflict also referred to
_c4u3rTUROc-00001-00000361-00000582 as the second Korean war by some was a
_c4u3rTUROc-00002-00000583-00000759 series of low-level armed clashes
_c4u3rTUROc-00003-00000760-00000969 between North Korean forces and the
_c4u3rTUROc-00004-00000969-00001164 forces of South Korea in the United
_c4u3rTUROc-00005-00001165-00001449 States largely occurring between 1966
_c4u3rTUROc-00006-00001450-00002021 and 1969 at the Korean DMZ
_c4u3rTUROc-00007-00002022-00002533 topic background
_c4u3rTUROc-00008-00002534-00002812 the Korean War had devastated both North
_c4u3rTUROc-00009-00002813-00003004 and South Korea and while neither side
_c4u3rTUROc-00010-00003005-00003213 renounced its claims to reunify Korea
_c4u3rTUROc-00011-00003214-00003427 under its control neither side was in a
_c4u3rTUROc-00012-00003428-00003685 position to force reunification in
_c4u3rTUROc-00013-00003686-00004000 September 1956 chairman of the Joint
_c4u3rTUROc-00014-00004001-00004177 Chiefs of Staff Admiral Radford
_c4u3rTUROc-00015-00004178-00004390 indicated within the US government that
_c4u3rTUROc-00016-00004391-00004534 the military's intention was to
_c4u3rTUROc-00017-00004535-00004741 introduce atomic weapons into Korea
_c4u3rTUROc-00018-00004742-00004909 which was agreed to by the United States
_c4u3rTUROc-00019-00004910-00005170 National Security Council and President
_c4u3rTUROc-00020-00005171-00005539 Eisenhower however paragraph 13 D of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00021-00005540-00005754 Korean Armistice Agreement mandated that
_c4u3rTUROc-00022-00005755-00005953 both sides could not introduce new types
_c4u3rTUROc-00023-00005954-00006163 of weapons into Korea so preventing the
_c4u3rTUROc-00024-00006164-00006346 introduction of nuclear weapons and
_c4u3rTUROc-00025-00006347-00006585 missiles the u.s. decided to
_c4u3rTUROc-00026-00006586-00006834 unilaterally abrogate paragraph 13 D
_c4u3rTUROc-00027-00006836-00007030 breaking the armistice agreement despite
_c4u3rTUROc-00028-00007031-00007363 concerns by United Nations allies out of
_c4u3rTUROc-00029-00007364-00007656 the 21st of June 1957 meeting of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00030-00007658-00007864 military armistice Commission the u.s.
_c4u3rTUROc-00031-00007865-00007998 informed the North Korean
_c4u3rTUROc-00032-00008000-00008281 representatives that the UN command no
_c4u3rTUROc-00033-00008282-00008455 longer considered itself bound by
_c4u3rTUROc-00034-00008456-00008735 paragraph 13 D of the armistice in
_c4u3rTUROc-00035-00008736-00009084 January 1958 nuclear-armed Honest John
_c4u3rTUROc-00036-00009085-00009352 missiles in 280 millimetres atomic
_c4u3rTUROc-00037-00009353-00009534 cannons were deployed to South Korea
_c4u3rTUROc-00038-00009535-00009717 followed within a year by atomic
_c4u3rTUROc-00039-00009718-00009931 demolition munitions and nuclear-armed
_c4u3rTUROc-00040-00009932-00010128 mattador cruise missiles capable of
_c4u3rTUROc-00041-00010129-00010281 reaching China and the Soviet Union
_c4u3rTUROc-00042-00010282-00010537 North Korea denounced the abrogation of
_c4u3rTUROc-00043-00010538-00010788 paragraph 13 D as an attempt to wreck
_c4u3rTUROc-00044-00010789-00010959 the armistice agreement and turn Korea
_c4u3rTUROc-00045-00010960-00011256 into a US atomic warfare zone it
_c4u3rTUROc-00046-00011257-00011459 responded by digging massive underground
_c4u3rTUROc-00047-00011460-00011670 fortifications resistant to nuclear
_c4u3rTUROc-00048-00011671-00011862 attack and forward deployment of its
_c4u3rTUROc-00049-00011863-00012042 conventional forces so that the use of
_c4u3rTUROc-00050-00012043-00012216 nuclear weapons against it would
_c4u3rTUROc-00051-00012217-00012445 endanger South Korean and US forces as
_c4u3rTUROc-00052-00012446-00012816 well in 1963 North Korea asked the
_c4u3rTUROc-00053-00012817-00013005 Soviet Union for help in developing
_c4u3rTUROc-00054-00013006-00013300 nuclear weapons but was refused China
_c4u3rTUROc-00055-00013301-00013558 later after its nuclear tests similarly
_c4u3rTUROc-00056-00013559-00013780 rejected North Korean requests for help
_c4u3rTUROc-00057-00013781-00013996 with developing nuclear weapons in North
_c4u3rTUROc-00058-00013997-00014172 Korea the departure of the People's
_c4u3rTUROc-00059-00014174-00014469 Liberation Army in October 1958 allowed
_c4u3rTUROc-00060-00014470-00014665 kim ill sung to consolidate his power
_c4u3rTUROc-00061-00014666-00014841 base and embarked on the cha lima
_c4u3rTUROc-00062-00014843-00015016 movement of collectivized agriculture
_c4u3rTUROc-00063-00015016-00015232 and industrialization to build a base
_c4u3rTUROc-00064-00015233-00015532 for reunifying Korea by force North
_c4u3rTUROc-00065-00015533-00015736 Korea remained dependent on the Soviet
_c4u3rTUROc-00066-00015737-00015922 Union for technology and
_c4u3rTUROc-00067-00015922-00016113 for agricultural assistance following
_c4u3rTUROc-00068-00016115-00016333 the war South Korea remained one of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00069-00016334-00016513 poorest countries in the world for over
_c4u3rTUROc-00070-00016514-00016830 a decade in 1960 its gross domestic
_c4u3rTUROc-00071-00016831-00017178 product per capita was $79 lower than
_c4u3rTUROc-00072-00017179-00017397 most Latin American and some sub-saharan
_c4u3rTUROc-00073-00017398-00017694 African countries the april revolution
_c4u3rTUROc-00074-00017695-00017875 that forced president Syngman Rhee from
_c4u3rTUROc-00075-00017876-00018139 office in April 1960 was followed by a
_c4u3rTUROc-00076-00018140-00018367 brief period of democracy before a coup
_c4u3rTUROc-00077-00018368-00018550 d'état led to General Park chung-hee
_c4u3rTUROc-00078-00018551-00018928 seizing power in May 1961 despite the
_c4u3rTUROc-00079-00018929-00019125 political turmoil the South Korean
_c4u3rTUROc-00080-00019126-00019324 economy continued to grow led by the
_c4u3rTUROc-00081-00019325-00019615 industrial sector rapid industrial
_c4u3rTUROc-00082-00019616-00019864 growth started in the late 1960s with
_c4u3rTUROc-00083-00019865-00020106 gross domestic product per capita rising
_c4u3rTUROc-00084-00020107-00020622 from $100 in 1964 to $1000 in 1977 on
_c4u3rTUROc-00085-00020623-00020958 the 10th of December 1962 Kim proposed a
_c4u3rTUROc-00086-00020959-00021159 new military strategy to the central
_c4u3rTUROc-00087-00021160-00021313 committee of the workers party of korea
_c4u3rTUROc-00088-00021314-00021528 with increased emphasis placed on a
_c4u3rTUROc-00089-00021529-00021744 regular warfare agitation and propaganda
_c4u3rTUROc-00090-00021745-00021981 to be achieved by the end of the current
_c4u3rTUROc-00091-00021982-00022387 seven-year plan in 1967 in June 1965
_c4u3rTUROc-00092-00022388-00022546 president Park signed a treaty
_c4u3rTUROc-00093-00022547-00022777 normalizing relations with Japan which
_c4u3rTUROc-00094-00022778-00022980 included payment of reparations and the
_c4u3rTUROc-00095-00022981-00023190 making of soft loans from Japan and led
_c4u3rTUROc-00096-00023191-00023362 to increased trade and investment
_c4u3rTUROc-00097-00023363-00023730 between the two countries in July 1966
_c4u3rTUROc-00098-00023731-00023955 South Korea in the United States signed
_c4u3rTUROc-00099-00023956-00024118 a Status of Forces Agreement
_c4u3rTUROc-00100-00024119-00024325 establishing a more equal relationship
_c4u3rTUROc-00101-00024326-00024574 between the two nations with its growing
_c4u3rTUROc-00102-00024575-00024769 economic strength and the security
_c4u3rTUROc-00103-00024770-00024949 guarantee of the United States the
_c4u3rTUROc-00104-00024950-00025119 threat of a conventional invasion from
_c4u3rTUROc-00105-00025120-00025322 the north seemed increasingly remote
_c4u3rTUROc-00106-00025323-00025543 following the escalation of the Vietnam
_c4u3rTUROc-00107-00025544-00025777 War with the deployment of ground combat
_c4u3rTUROc-00108-00025777-00026121 troops in March 1965 South Korea sent
_c4u3rTUROc-00109-00026122-00026293 the capital division and the second
_c4u3rTUROc-00110-00026294-00026479 Marine Brigade to South Vietnam in
_c4u3rTUROc-00111-00026480-00026739 September 1965 followed by the white
_c4u3rTUROc-00112-00026741-00027130 horse division in September 1966 the
_c4u3rTUROc-00113-00027131-00027315 start of the hostilities can be traced
_c4u3rTUROc-00114-00027316-00027526 to a speech given by North Korean leader
_c4u3rTUROc-00115-00027527-00027840 Kim il-sung on the 5th of October 1966
_c4u3rTUROc-00116-00027841-00028071 at the Workers Party of Korea conference
_c4u3rTUROc-00117-00028072-00028314 where the status quo of the 1953
_c4u3rTUROc-00118-00028316-00028570 armistice agreement was challenged he
_c4u3rTUROc-00119-00028570-00028752 apparently perceived that the division
_c4u3rTUROc-00120-00028753-00028914 of effort by the South Korean military
_c4u3rTUROc-00121-00028915-00029139 and the ever-growing escalation of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00122-00029140-00029262 US commitment in via
_c4u3rTUROc-00123-00029263-00029454 NAM had created an environment where a
_c4u3rTUROc-00124-00029455-00029667 regular warfare could succeed in a way
_c4u3rTUROc-00125-00029668-00029925 conventional warfare could not Kim
_c4u3rTUROc-00126-00029926-00030089 believed that he could force a split
_c4u3rTUROc-00127-00030091-00030294 between the u.s. and South Korea through
_c4u3rTUROc-00128-00030295-00030533 armed provocations targeting US forces
_c4u3rTUROc-00129-00030535-00030708 that together with other worldwide
_c4u3rTUROc-00130-00030708-00030902 commitments and small Wars would force
_c4u3rTUROc-00131-00030904-00031122 the u.s. to reassess or relinquish its
_c4u3rTUROc-00132-00031123-00031326 commitment to South Korea allowing North
_c4u3rTUROc-00133-00031327-00031530 Korea to incite an insurgency in the
_c4u3rTUROc-00134-00031531-00031674 South that would topple the Park
_c4u3rTUROc-00135-00031675-00031758 administration
_c4u3rTUROc-00136-00031758-00031956 there were ongoing propaganda campaigns
_c4u3rTUROc-00137-00031957-00032139 between the north and south such as
_c4u3rTUROc-00138-00032139-00032397 loudspeaker broadcasts across the DMZ at
_c4u3rTUROc-00139-00032398-00032477 each other
_c4u3rTUROc-00140-00032477-00032682 leafletting of North Korea had been
_c4u3rTUROc-00141-00032683-00032921 resumed such as operation jelly from
_c4u3rTUROc-00142-00032922-00033249 1964 to 1968 which delivered a few
_c4u3rTUROc-00143-00033250-00033713 hundred million leaflets to the north
_c4u3rTUROc-00144-00033714-00034282 topic military forces
_c4u3rTUROc-00145-00034283-00034777 topic North Korea
_c4u3rTUROc-00146-00034778-00035137 in 1966 the Korean People's Army kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-00147-00035138-00035371 deployed eight infantry divisions along
_c4u3rTUROc-00148-00035372-00035611 the DMZ backed by eight more infantry
_c4u3rTUROc-00149-00035612-00035797 divisions three motorized infantry
_c4u3rTUROc-00150-00035798-00035989 divisions a tank division and a
_c4u3rTUROc-00151-00035990-00036187 collection of separate infantry and tank
_c4u3rTUROc-00152-00036188-00036466 brigades and regiments its total armed
_c4u3rTUROc-00153-00036467-00036772 forced personnel numbered 386 thousand
_c4u3rTUROc-00154-00036773-00037030 while strong this conventional force was
_c4u3rTUROc-00155-00037031-00037219 smaller than the South's ground forces
_c4u3rTUROc-00156-00037220-00037378 of about five hundred eighty-five
_c4u3rTUROc-00157-00037379-00037561 thousand and it was unlikely that the
_c4u3rTUROc-00158-00037562-00037696 north could deliver a knockout blow
_c4u3rTUROc-00159-00037697-00037918 before the US could deploy additional
_c4u3rTUROc-00160-00037919-00038113 forces the main unconventional warfare
_c4u3rTUROc-00161-00038114-00038332 arm was the reconnaissance Bureau of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00162-00038333-00038473 Ministry of Defense under the
_c4u3rTUROc-00163-00038474-00038659 operational control of the liaison
_c4u3rTUROc-00164-00038660-00038830 department of the Workers Party of Korea
_c4u3rTUROc-00165-00038831-00039037 which included the 17-foot
_c4u3rTUROc-00166-00039038-00039193 reconnaissance Brigade in the all
_c4u3rTUROc-00167-00039194-00039535 officer unit 124 and 280 Third Army
_c4u3rTUROc-00168-00039536-00039808 units these units were all highly
_c4u3rTUROc-00169-00039809-00040003 trained and indoctrinated skilled in
_c4u3rTUROc-00170-00040004-00040231 demolitions and small unit tactics they
_c4u3rTUROc-00171-00040232-00040440 would usually operate in small teams of
_c4u3rTUROc-00172-00040441-00040630 two to twelve men lightly armed with
_c4u3rTUROc-00173-00040631-00041032 either PPS submachine guns or ak-47s the
_c4u3rTUROc-00174-00041033-00041230 reconnaissance Bureau also controlled
_c4u3rTUROc-00175-00041231-00041490 the 23d amphibious brigade which used
_c4u3rTUROc-00176-00041491-00041704 specially made infiltration boats to
_c4u3rTUROc-00177-00041705-00041911 operate along the South Korean coastline
_c4u3rTUROc-00178-00041912-00042184 the reconnaissance Bureau could also use
_c4u3rTUROc-00179-00042185-00042427 conventional kPa and Korean People's
_c4u3rTUROc-00180-00042428-00042615 Navy forces to support the infiltration
_c4u3rTUROc-00181-00042616-00042840 and exfiltration of its teams in
_c4u3rTUROc-00182-00042841-00043018 addition to the offensive irregular
_c4u3rTUROc-00183-00043019-00043267 forces North Korea also deployed several
_c4u3rTUROc-00184-00043268-00043492 thousand operator agitators to select
_c4u3rTUROc-00185-00043493-00043702 trained and supervised informants and
_c4u3rTUROc-00186-00043703-00043846 guerrilla recruits while others
_c4u3rTUROc-00187-00043847-00044053 attempted to cause individual defections
_c4u3rTUROc-00188-00044054-00044236 and unit dissatisfaction in the ROK
_c4u3rTUROc-00189-00044237-00044431 military and generally undermine the
_c4u3rTUROc-00190-00044432-00044578 morale of both the rocks and the
_c4u3rTUROc-00191-00044579-00044978 Americans
_c4u3rTUROc-00192-00044979-00045534 topic United States and South Korea
_c4u3rTUROc-00193-00045535-00045810 the major u.s. ground combat units in
_c4u3rTUROc-00194-00045811-00046017 Korea were the second infantry division
_c4u3rTUROc-00195-00046018-00046380 to ID and 7th Infantry Division 7i D 1st
_c4u3rTUROc-00196-00046381-00046617 Corps and 8th army to ID stood with the
_c4u3rTUROc-00197-00046618-00046965 3rd brigade Manning 29 8 kilometers of
_c4u3rTUROc-00198-00046966-00047180 the Korean Demilitarized Zone DMZ
_c4u3rTUROc-00199-00047181-00047409 essentially due north of Seoul on either
_c4u3rTUROc-00200-00047410-00047613 side of Panmunjeom with another 9
_c4u3rTUROc-00201-00047614-00047856 Republic of Korea army Roccat divisions
_c4u3rTUROc-00202-00047857-00048087 Manning the remaining 200 12.8
_c4u3rTUROc-00203-00048088-00048435 kilometers of the DMZ all US and Roca
_c4u3rTUROc-00204-00048436-00048579 forces were under the unified
_c4u3rTUROc-00205-00048580-00048807 operational control of United Nations
_c4u3rTUROc-00206-00048808-00049017 command Korea who was also the commander
_c4u3rTUROc-00207-00049018-00049254 United States forces Korea General
_c4u3rTUROc-00208-00049255-00049590 Charles H Bonesteel 3 both US Army
_c4u3rTUROc-00209-00049591-00049785 divisions were seriously under strength
_c4u3rTUROc-00210-00049786-00050031 as Vietnam had priority for manpower and
_c4u3rTUROc-00211-00050032-00050334 equipment troops were equipped with m14
_c4u3rTUROc-00212-00050335-00050574 rifles rather than m16s the only
_c4u3rTUROc-00213-00050575-00050709 available tanks were older
_c4u3rTUROc-00214-00050710-00051009 gasoline-powered m4 8 8 2 C's and there
_c4u3rTUROc-00215-00051010-00051210 were a total of only 1201 Huey
_c4u3rTUROc-00216-00051211-00051450 helicopters in South Korea seriously
_c4u3rTUROc-00217-00051451-00051612 restricting the ability to hunt and
_c4u3rTUROc-00218-00051613-00051858 engage infiltrators troops were
_c4u3rTUROc-00219-00051859-00052086 generally draftees serving a 13 month
_c4u3rTUROc-00220-00052087-00052350 tour while experienced officers and NCOs
_c4u3rTUROc-00221-00052351-00052557 preferred service in Vietnam to Korea
_c4u3rTUROc-00222-00052558-00052829 the ROK divisions were well-trained and
_c4u3rTUROc-00223-00052830-00052989 highly motivated with many of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00224-00052990-00053250 officers and NCOs veterans of the Korean
_c4u3rTUROc-00225-00053251-00053445 War but all their equipment dated back
_c4u3rTUROc-00226-00053446-00053642 to that war their standard rifle was
_c4u3rTUROc-00227-00053644-00053883 still the m1 garand the main operational
_c4u3rTUROc-00228-00053884-00054087 objective of the US and ROK divisions
_c4u3rTUROc-00229-00054088-00054222 was to defend against a conventional
_c4u3rTUROc-00230-00054223-00054474 invasion from North Korea in a repeat of
_c4u3rTUROc-00231-00054475-00054783 the attack of June 1950 while there were
_c4u3rTUROc-00232-00054784-00054990 regular infiltration into the South for
_c4u3rTUROc-00233-00054991-00055191 intelligence gathering unconventional
_c4u3rTUROc-00234-00055191-00055395 warfare was not seen as a particular
_c4u3rTUROc-00235-00055396-00055569 threat and the troops were not generally
_c4u3rTUROc-00236-00055570-00055824 trained or equipped for this role no
_c4u3rTUROc-00237-00055825-00055995 counter guerrilla units or Village
_c4u3rTUROc-00238-00055996-00056330 militias existed in South Korea in 1966
_c4u3rTUROc-00239-00056332-00056550 and infiltrators were variously hunted
_c4u3rTUROc-00240-00056551-00056757 by the ROK army police and the Korean
_c4u3rTUROc-00241-00056758-00056961 Central Intelligence Agency with no
_c4u3rTUROc-00242-00056962-00057249 unified control in 1976 and now
_c4u3rTUROc-00243-00057250-00057467 declassified meeting minutes US Deputy
_c4u3rTUROc-00244-00057469-00057702 Secretary of Defense William Clements
_c4u3rTUROc-00245-00057703-00057873 told Henry Kissinger that there had been
_c4u3rTUROc-00246-00057874-00058152 200 raids or incursions into North Korea
_c4u3rTUROc-00247-00058153-00058316 from the south though not by the US
_c4u3rTUROc-00248-00058317-00058405 military
_c4u3rTUROc-00249-00058407-00058620 details of only a few of these
_c4u3rTUROc-00250-00058621-00058821 incursions have become public including
_c4u3rTUROc-00251-00058822-00058914 raids by
_c4u3rTUROc-00252-00058915-00059192 south korean forces in 1967 that had
_c4u3rTUROc-00253-00059194-00059403 sabotaged about 50 North Korean
_c4u3rTUROc-00254-00059404-00059804 facilities up to 7700 South Korean
_c4u3rTUROc-00255-00059805-00060021 soldiers and agents infiltrated North
_c4u3rTUROc-00256-00060022-00060201 Korea from the end of the Korean War
_c4u3rTUROc-00257-00060202-00060624 until 1972 an estimated 5,300 of whom
_c4u3rTUROc-00258-00060625-00060804 never made it back the ground forces
_c4u3rTUROc-00259-00060804-00061011 were supported by fighter bombers of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00260-00061012-00061296 USAF 314th air division and by the
_c4u3rTUROc-00261-00061297-00061587 Republic of Korea Air Force the seas
_c4u3rTUROc-00262-00061588-00061764 around Korea were under the control of
_c4u3rTUROc-00263-00061765-00061965 the United States seventh Fleet and the
_c4u3rTUROc-00264-00061966-00062265 Republic of Korea Navy as with the army
_c4u3rTUROc-00265-00062266-00062499 the war in Vietnam was the main focus of
_c4u3rTUROc-00266-00062500-00063032 the USAF in the u.s. n in the Pacific
_c4u3rTUROc-00267-00063033-00063604 topic defense strategies
_c4u3rTUROc-00268-00063604-00063912 from October 1964 the North Koreans
_c4u3rTUROc-00269-00063913-00064062 increased the infiltration of
_c4u3rTUROc-00270-00064063-00064287 intelligence gatherers and propagandists
_c4u3rTUROc-00271-00064288-00064672 into the south by October 1966 more than
_c4u3rTUROc-00272-00064673-00064915 30 South Korean soldiers and at least 10
_c4u3rTUROc-00273-00064916-00065073 civilians had been killed in clashes
_c4u3rTUROc-00274-00065074-00065310 with North Korean infiltrators however
_c4u3rTUROc-00275-00065311-00065562 no similar clashes had taken place along
_c4u3rTUROc-00276-00065563-00065775 the u.s. controlled section of the DMZ
_c4u3rTUROc-00277-00065776-00066184 in October 1966 South Korea staged a
_c4u3rTUROc-00278-00066185-00066385 retaliatory attack without seeking the
_c4u3rTUROc-00279-00066386-00066600 approval of general Bonesteel causing
_c4u3rTUROc-00280-00066601-00066790 tension between the u.s. command which
_c4u3rTUROc-00281-00066791-00066960 wished to avoid violations of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00282-00066961-00067161 armistice and the South Koreans who are
_c4u3rTUROc-00283-00067162-00067356 suffering ongoing losses following the
_c4u3rTUROc-00284-00067357-00067597 first kPa attack on US forces in
_c4u3rTUROc-00285-00067598-00067917 November 1966 general Bonesteel formed a
_c4u3rTUROc-00286-00067918-00068082 working group to analyze the North
_c4u3rTUROc-00287-00068083-00068274 Korean strategy and develop a counter
_c4u3rTUROc-00288-00068275-00068532 strategy to defeat it finding the
_c4u3rTUROc-00289-00068533-00068785 existing u.s. army tactical doctrines to
_c4u3rTUROc-00290-00068786-00068965 be inapplicable to the situation they
_c4u3rTUROc-00291-00068966-00069166 were facing the working group developed
_c4u3rTUROc-00292-00069167-00069351 its own doctrine to meet its operational
_c4u3rTUROc-00293-00069352-00069630 needs three types of operations were
_c4u3rTUROc-00294-00069631-00069822 identified first to guard against
_c4u3rTUROc-00295-00069823-00070084 infiltration across the DMZ second was a
_c4u3rTUROc-00296-00070085-00070287 similar naval effort along the coasts
_c4u3rTUROc-00297-00070288-00070416 and third was counter guerrilla
_c4u3rTUROc-00298-00070417-00070690 operations in the interior all three
_c4u3rTUROc-00299-00070691-00070848 types of operations had to be
_c4u3rTUROc-00300-00070849-00071025 accomplished without jeopardizing the
_c4u3rTUROc-00301-00071026-00071232 conventional defense of South Korea or
_c4u3rTUROc-00302-00071233-00071391 escalating the conflict from low
_c4u3rTUROc-00303-00071392-00071817 intensity to a full war
_c4u3rTUROc-00304-00071818-00072459 topic demilitarized zone starting in
_c4u3rTUROc-00305-00072460-00072759 1967 the UN Command developed a layered
_c4u3rTUROc-00306-00072760-00072960 defense of the Korean Demilitarized Zone
_c4u3rTUROc-00307-00072961-00073275 DMZ the Armistice restricted
_c4u3rTUROc-00308-00073276-00073494 fortification within the DMZ where
_c4u3rTUROc-00309-00073495-00073695 defenses were limited to patrols and
_c4u3rTUROc-00310-00073696-00073907 observation posts without heavy weapons
_c4u3rTUROc-00311-00073908-00074199 more aggressive patrolling of the DMZ
_c4u3rTUROc-00312-00074200-00074397 was ordered with patrols going out for
_c4u3rTUROc-00313-00074398-00074637 24 hours reconnoitering by day and
_c4u3rTUROc-00314-00074638-00074871 establishing ambushes at night most US
_c4u3rTUROc-00315-00074872-00075071 casualties occurred during these patrols
_c4u3rTUROc-00316-00075072-00075363 the observation posts were fortified
_c4u3rTUROc-00317-00075364-00075573 with sandbags and machine guns and
_c4u3rTUROc-00318-00075574-00075774 recoilless rifles were frequently kept
_c4u3rTUROc-00319-00075775-00075962 hidden there in breach of the armistice
_c4u3rTUROc-00320-00075963-00076239 general Bonesteel obtained 30 million
_c4u3rTUROc-00321-00076240-00076416 dollars in funding from the u.s. army
_c4u3rTUROc-00322-00076417-00076635 combat developments command to create a
_c4u3rTUROc-00323-00076636-00076875 DMZ test barrier along the portion of
_c4u3rTUROc-00324-00076876-00077148 the DMZ occupied by the 2id and the row
_c4u3rTUROc-00325-00077149-00077454 cat 21st Infantry Division beyond the
_c4u3rTUROc-00326-00077455-00077751 southern boundary or South tape of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00327-00077752-00078045 DMZ no defensive restrictions applied in
_c4u3rTUROc-00328-00078046-00078264 a combined u.s. Korean Engineer Force
_c4u3rTUROc-00329-00078265-00078435 constructed an in-depth barrier
_c4u3rTUROc-00330-00078436-00078597 comprising a three meters tall
_c4u3rTUROc-00331-00078598-00078792 chain-link fence topped by triple
_c4u3rTUROc-00332-00078793-00078969 strands of concertina wire and
_c4u3rTUROc-00333-00078970-00079191 reinforced by interwoven saplings and
_c4u3rTUROc-00334-00079192-00079374 steel engineer pickets behind it a
_c4u3rTUROc-00335-00079375-00079569 narrow raked sand path paralleled the
_c4u3rTUROc-00336-00079570-00079845 fence to highlight footprints behind the
_c4u3rTUROc-00337-00079846-00080130 sand strip was a 120 metres wide cleared
_c4u3rTUROc-00338-00080131-00080340 kill zone in which minds entangle foot
_c4u3rTUROc-00339-00080341-00080532 wire fronted a line of conventional
_c4u3rTUROc-00340-00080533-00080706 defensive positions of interlocking
_c4u3rTUROc-00341-00080707-00080937 machine guns and pre-registered mortar
_c4u3rTUROc-00342-00080938-00081135 and artillery fire which dominated the
_c4u3rTUROc-00343-00081136-00081429 kill zone observation towers stood at
_c4u3rTUROc-00344-00081430-00081600 intervals along the trace to permit
_c4u3rTUROc-00345-00081601-00081879 clear view of the open areas various
_c4u3rTUROc-00346-00081880-00082098 electronics and sensors were tested on
_c4u3rTUROc-00347-00082099-00082299 the barrier similar to the McNamara line
_c4u3rTUROc-00348-00082300-00082488 in Vietnam but with the exception of
_c4u3rTUROc-00349-00082489-00082647 Starlite scopes they were largely
_c4u3rTUROc-00350-00082648-00082881 ineffective the barrier could not
_c4u3rTUROc-00351-00082882-00083055 prevent infiltration it was estimated
_c4u3rTUROc-00352-00083056-00083250 that the North Koreans could cut through
_c4u3rTUROc-00353-00083251-00083496 the fence in 30 to 40 seconds rather it
_c4u3rTUROc-00354-00083497-00083652 was intended to slow movement and
_c4u3rTUROc-00355-00083653-00083913 provide easy observation behind the
_c4u3rTUROc-00356-00083914-00084120 barrier where the Quick Reaction forces
_c4u3rTUROc-00357-00084121-00084345 of mechanized infantry tanks and armored
_c4u3rTUROc-00358-00084346-00084462 cavalry that would hunt down
_c4u3rTUROc-00359-00084463-00084756 infiltrators the rules of engagement
_c4u3rTUROc-00360-00084757-00084891 were also loosened to allow the
_c4u3rTUROc-00361-00084892-00085098 frontline troops to use artillery and
_c4u3rTUROc-00362-00085099-00085161 mortar fire
_c4u3rTUROc-00363-00085162-00085398 against known kpa elements in her south
_c4u3rTUROc-00364-00085399-00085671 of the DMZ and against kPa firing from
_c4u3rTUROc-00365-00085672-00085832 north of the military demarcation line
_c4u3rTUROc-00366-00085833-00086057 although in practice this was only used
_c4u3rTUROc-00367-00086058-00086367 sparingly a new for monthly rotation
_c4u3rTUROc-00368-00086368-00086694 scheme was introduced in October 1967 to
_c4u3rTUROc-00369-00086695-00086904 ensure that each battalion received only
_c4u3rTUROc-00370-00086905-00087084 its fair share of time Manning and
_c4u3rTUROc-00371-00087085-00087330 patrolling the barrier 7i D sent one
_c4u3rTUROc-00372-00087331-00087543 infantry battalion at a time to augment
_c4u3rTUROc-00373-00087544-00087789 the third Brigade 2id this increased the
_c4u3rTUROc-00374-00087790-00087993 defense to four battalions on the line
_c4u3rTUROc-00375-00087994-00088212 plus the quick reaction forces South
_c4u3rTUROc-00376-00088213-00088359 Korea launched at least three
_c4u3rTUROc-00377-00088360-00088586 retaliatory cross-border raids in late
_c4u3rTUROc-00378-00088587-00088884 1967 using small teams of North Korean
_c4u3rTUROc-00379-00088885-00089199 defectors the raids killed 33 kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-00380-00089200-00089551 soldiers
_c4u3rTUROc-00381-00089552-00090083 topic Korean coastline
_c4u3rTUROc-00382-00090084-00090350 preventing infiltration at sea created
_c4u3rTUROc-00383-00090351-00090526 an impossible challenge for the UN
_c4u3rTUROc-00384-00090527-00090704 Command which lacked suitable aircraft
_c4u3rTUROc-00385-00090705-00091058 ships radar in communications the ROK
_c4u3rTUROc-00386-00091059-00091337 Navy possessed only 72 vessels to patrol
_c4u3rTUROc-00387-00091338-00091556 over 7,000 kilometers of rugged
_c4u3rTUROc-00388-00091557-00091895 coastline along the coasts some 20,000
_c4u3rTUROc-00389-00091896-00092075 unarmed coast watchers sometimes
_c4u3rTUROc-00390-00092076-00092267 supplemented by Roca reservists
_c4u3rTUROc-00391-00092268-00092459 patrolled the beaches and when signs of
_c4u3rTUROc-00392-00092460-00092624 landings were discovered these would be
_c4u3rTUROc-00393-00092625-00092807 reported to the National Police and
_c4u3rTUROc-00394-00092808-00093013 Quick Reaction forces would be deployed
_c4u3rTUROc-00395-00093014-00093248 poor communications and a lack of
_c4u3rTUROc-00396-00093249-00093422 helicopters meant that the quick
_c4u3rTUROc-00397-00093423-00093644 reaction forces seldom arrived in time
_c4u3rTUROc-00398-00093645-00093842 before the infiltrators dispersed in the
_c4u3rTUROc-00399-00093843-00094219 Korean hinterland
_c4u3rTUROc-00400-00094220-00094830 topic counterinsurgency operations
_c4u3rTUROc-00401-00094831-00095241 during 1966 and into 1967 there was no
_c4u3rTUROc-00402-00095242-00095466 coordinated counterinsurgency plan in
_c4u3rTUROc-00403-00095467-00095745 South Korea infiltration were dealt with
_c4u3rTUROc-00404-00095746-00096000 on an ad-hoc basis by the Roca National
_c4u3rTUROc-00405-00096001-00096228 Police Army counterintelligence units
_c4u3rTUROc-00406-00096229-00096456 and the KCIA usually depending on the
_c4u3rTUROc-00407-00096457-00096606 estimate of the threat and whichever
_c4u3rTUROc-00408-00096607-00096921 units happen to be nearby president Park
_c4u3rTUROc-00409-00096922-00097076 was reluctant to raise an arm as
_c4u3rTUROc-00410-00097077-00097263 civilian militia as he did not fully
_c4u3rTUROc-00411-00097264-00097461 trust the loyalty of the populace to his
_c4u3rTUROc-00412-00097462-00097772 government general Bonesteel regarded
_c4u3rTUROc-00413-00097773-00097959 counterinsurgency as entirely an
_c4u3rTUROc-00414-00097960-00098154 internal responsibility for the South
_c4u3rTUROc-00415-00098155-00098340 Korean government and while he provided
_c4u3rTUROc-00416-00098341-00098529 some material support including his
_c4u3rTUROc-00417-00098530-00098748 helicopters and several Special Forces
_c4u3rTUROc-00418-00098749-00098931 eight teams from the first Special
_c4u3rTUROc-00419-00098932-00099132 Forces Group on Okinawa to train the
_c4u3rTUROc-00420-00099133-00099342 roca and the newly formed combat police
_c4u3rTUROc-00421-00099343-00099582 in counterinsurgency tactics he declined
_c4u3rTUROc-00422-00099583-00099731 to take responsibility for
_c4u3rTUROc-00423-00099732-00100064 counterinsurgency operations by late
_c4u3rTUROc-00424-00100065-00100344 1967 it was clear that the North Koreans
_c4u3rTUROc-00425-00100345-00100521 were attempting to develop a full-scale
_c4u3rTUROc-00426-00100522-00100746 insurgency in the south with strongholds
_c4u3rTUROc-00427-00100747-00100881 in the tea beak mountains and around
_c4u3rTUROc-00428-00100882-00101006 jirisan Mountain
_c4u3rTUROc-00429-00101007-00101250 president Park in consultation with
_c4u3rTUROc-00430-00101251-00101427 general Bonesteel developed a
_c4u3rTUROc-00431-00101428-00101640 counterinsurgency strategy in the form
_c4u3rTUROc-00432-00101641-00101853 of presidential instruction number 18
_c4u3rTUROc-00433-00101854-00102132 the instruction established a national
_c4u3rTUROc-00434-00102133-00102327 Coordinating Council with clear chains
_c4u3rTUROc-00435-00102328-00102536 of command for all classes of incidents
_c4u3rTUROc-00436-00102538-00102731 ranging from individual agent sightings
_c4u3rTUROc-00437-00102732-00103002 to province level and rest eight later
_c4u3rTUROc-00438-00103003-00103211 ten new roca counter infiltration
_c4u3rTUROc-00439-00103213-00103413 battalions were to be formed together
_c4u3rTUROc-00440-00103414-00103599 with further expansion of the combat
_c4u3rTUROc-00441-00103600-00104010 police
_c4u3rTUROc-00442-00104011-00104567 topic January 1968
_c4u3rTUROc-00443-00104568-00105083 topic the blue house raid
_c4u3rTUROc-00444-00105084-00105426 on the night of the 17th of January 1968
_c4u3rTUROc-00445-00105427-00105822 31 men of unit 124 penetrated the 2id
_c4u3rTUROc-00446-00105823-00106047 sector of the DMZ by cutting through the
_c4u3rTUROc-00447-00106048-00106259 chain-link fence and passing undetected
_c4u3rTUROc-00448-00106260-00106511 within 30 metres of a man to ID position
_c4u3rTUROc-00449-00106513-00106893 the mission of unit 124 as explained to
_c4u3rTUROc-00450-00106894-00107118 them by kPa reconnaissance Bureau chief
_c4u3rTUROc-00451-00107119-00107343 lieutenant general kim jung-tae
_c4u3rTUROc-00452-00107344-00107613 was to go to seoul and cut off the head
_c4u3rTUROc-00453-00107614-00107946 of Park chung-hee it was believed that
_c4u3rTUROc-00454-00107947-00108147 by assassinating Park the South would be
_c4u3rTUROc-00455-00108148-00108345 thrown into turmoil causing the South
_c4u3rTUROc-00456-00108346-00108558 Korean populace to rise up and fight
_c4u3rTUROc-00457-00108558-00108740 against the South Korean government and
_c4u3rTUROc-00458-00108741-00108902 American soldiers leading to
_c4u3rTUROc-00459-00108903-00109103 reunification on the afternoon of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00460-00109104-00109439 19th of January unit 124 encountered
_c4u3rTUROc-00461-00109440-00109604 four wood cutters but rather than
_c4u3rTUROc-00462-00109605-00109859 killing them the unit 124 commander
_c4u3rTUROc-00463-00109860-00110036 proceeded to try to indoctrinate them
_c4u3rTUROc-00464-00110038-00110189 with details of the coming insurrection
_c4u3rTUROc-00465-00110190-00110370 and the glories of North Korean
_c4u3rTUROc-00466-00110371-00110646 communism the North Koreans released the
_c4u3rTUROc-00467-00110647-00110826 woodcutters with warnings not to notify
_c4u3rTUROc-00468-00110827-00111114 the authorities the woodcutters notified
_c4u3rTUROc-00469-00111115-00111321 the police as soon as possible and an
_c4u3rTUROc-00470-00111322-00111489 alert went up the chain of command in
_c4u3rTUROc-00471-00111490-00111686 accordance with presidential instruction
_c4u3rTUROc-00472-00111688-00111977 number 18 by the morning of the 20th of
_c4u3rTUROc-00473-00111978-00112190 January the police and military were
_c4u3rTUROc-00474-00112191-00112398 unfelt but not knowing the mission of
_c4u3rTUROc-00475-00112399-00112668 unit 124 they were attempting to guard
_c4u3rTUROc-00476-00112669-00112814 important sites as well as the
_c4u3rTUROc-00477-00112815-00113114 approaches to Seoul Unit 124 entered
_c4u3rTUROc-00478-00113115-00113331 Seoul in two to three man cells on the
_c4u3rTUROc-00479-00113332-00113504 20th of January and noting the
_c4u3rTUROc-00480-00113505-00113714 heightened security and by eavesdropping
_c4u3rTUROc-00481-00113715-00113943 of roca radio frequencies they devised a
_c4u3rTUROc-00482-00113944-00114239 new assault plan changing into uniforms
_c4u3rTUROc-00483-00114240-00114456 of the 26th Infantry Division they
_c4u3rTUROc-00484-00114457-00114608 proceeded to march the last two
_c4u3rTUROc-00485-00114609-00114813 kilometers to the blue house posing as a
_c4u3rTUROc-00486-00114814-00114999 unit returning from a counter guerrilla
_c4u3rTUROc-00487-00115000-00115304 patrol after passing several roca and
_c4u3rTUROc-00488-00115305-00115623 police units unit 124 was stopped by a
_c4u3rTUROc-00489-00115624-00115851 police unit only 800 meters from the
_c4u3rTUROc-00490-00115852-00116076 blue house the police began questioning
_c4u3rTUROc-00491-00116077-00116421 the unit 124 members and when a police
_c4u3rTUROc-00492-00116422-00116619 officer grew suspicious and drew his
_c4u3rTUROc-00493-00116620-00116927 pistol he was shot by a unit 124 member
_c4u3rTUROc-00494-00116928-00117138 a running gun battle then developed in
_c4u3rTUROc-00495-00117139-00117408 which two members of unit 124 were
_c4u3rTUROc-00496-00117408-00117761 killed the roca police in u.s. army
_c4u3rTUROc-00497-00117763-00117965 began a massive manhunt as the remaining
_c4u3rTUROc-00498-00117966-00118259 members of unit 124 attempted to escape
_c4u3rTUROc-00499-00118260-00118468 north and cross the DMZ
_c4u3rTUROc-00500-00118469-00118864 a further 26 members of unit 124 were
_c4u3rTUROc-00501-00118865-00119122 killed one captured Kim Shinjo and two
_c4u3rTUROc-00502-00119123-00119269 missing presumed killed though at least
_c4u3rTUROc-00503-00119270-00119458 one member of the unit apparently
_c4u3rTUROc-00504-00119458-00119647 survived and returned to North Korea
_c4u3rTUROc-00505-00119648-00119896 while 26 South Koreans and four u.s.
_c4u3rTUROc-00506-00119897-00120311 army servicemen were killed
_c4u3rTUROc-00507-00120313-00120835 topic the Pueblo incident
_c4u3rTUROc-00508-00120836-00121229 on the 23rd of January 1968 North Korean
_c4u3rTUROc-00509-00121230-00121433 patrol boats operating under cover of
_c4u3rTUROc-00510-00121433-00121745 mig-21 fighters captured the USS Pueblo
_c4u3rTUROc-00511-00121746-00122011 Ager - in international waters northeast
_c4u3rTUROc-00512-00122013-00122297 of Wonsan killing one crewman general
_c4u3rTUROc-00513-00122298-00122489 Bonesteel was unaware of the mission of
_c4u3rTUROc-00514-00122490-00122726 the pueblos and the 314th Air Division
_c4u3rTUROc-00515-00122727-00122963 had no suitable aircraft available to
_c4u3rTUROc-00516-00122964-00123200 give assistance to the Pueblo by the
_c4u3rTUROc-00517-00123201-00123401 time that attack aircraft could be sent
_c4u3rTUROc-00518-00123402-00123586 to the area the Pueblo and her remaining
_c4u3rTUROc-00519-00123588-00123842 82 crewmen were in captivity in wonsan
_c4u3rTUROc-00520-00123843-00124153 Harbor
_c4u3rTUROc-00521-00124154-00124781 topic American South Korean reactions
_c4u3rTUROc-00522-00124782-00124999 the seizure of the Pueblo was one of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00523-00125000-00125200 number of crises facing the Johnson
_c4u3rTUROc-00524-00125201-00125488 administration in January 1968 the
_c4u3rTUROc-00525-00125489-00125720 Battle of Khe Sanh had commenced on the
_c4u3rTUROc-00526-00125721-00126028 21st of January President Johnson
_c4u3rTUROc-00527-00126029-00126202 ordered a show of force with a massive
_c4u3rTUROc-00528-00126203-00126460 deployment of US Air and Navy assets to
_c4u3rTUROc-00529-00126461-00126676 Korea under the code names operation
_c4u3rTUROc-00530-00126677-00126995 combat Fox 200 plus combat aircraft an
_c4u3rTUROc-00531-00126996-00127246 operation formation star six aircraft
_c4u3rTUROc-00532-00127247-00127486 carriers plus support vessels as well as
_c4u3rTUROc-00533-00127487-00127699 the partial mobilization of reservists
_c4u3rTUROc-00534-00127700-00127849 for the first time since the Cuban
_c4u3rTUROc-00535-00127850-00128059 Missile Crisis despite this military
_c4u3rTUROc-00536-00128060-00128248 buildup President Johnson wished to
_c4u3rTUROc-00537-00128249-00128461 avoid escalating the existing conflict
_c4u3rTUROc-00538-00128462-00128635 in Korea and instructed general
_c4u3rTUROc-00539-00128636-00128843 Bonesteel to begin negotiations for the
_c4u3rTUROc-00540-00128844-00129028 return of the Pueblo crew with the North
_c4u3rTUROc-00541-00129029-00129218 Koreans through the military armistice
_c4u3rTUROc-00542-00129219-00129466 Commission at Panmunjom even as the
_c4u3rTUROc-00543-00129467-00129644 extra forces were deploying to South
_c4u3rTUROc-00544-00129645-00129833 Korea the Tet Offensive in South Vietnam
_c4u3rTUROc-00545-00129833-00130209 began on the 30th of January 1968
_c4u3rTUROc-00546-00130210-00130447 President Johnson regarded the seizure
_c4u3rTUROc-00547-00130448-00130646 of the Pueblo and the timing of the Tet
_c4u3rTUROc-00548-00130647-00130828 Offensive to have been coordinated to
_c4u3rTUROc-00549-00130829-00131069 divert u.s. resources away from Vietnam
_c4u3rTUROc-00550-00131070-00131243 and to force the South Koreans to
_c4u3rTUROc-00551-00131244-00131416 withdraw their two divisions and marine
_c4u3rTUROc-00552-00131417-00131611 Brigade from South Vietnam unlike
_c4u3rTUROc-00553-00131612-00131846 President Johnson general Bonesteel son
_c4u3rTUROc-00554-00131847-00132109 no such connection he regarded the blue
_c4u3rTUROc-00555-00132110-00132286 house raid as having been planned at the
_c4u3rTUROc-00556-00132287-00132484 highest levels in North Korea while the
_c4u3rTUROc-00557-00132485-00132646 seizure of the Pueblo seemed merely
_c4u3rTUROc-00558-00132647-00132847 opportunistic and the timing of the Tet
_c4u3rTUROc-00559-00132848-00133145 Offensive is helpful but coincidental he
_c4u3rTUROc-00560-00133146-00133300 saw no change to his mission of
_c4u3rTUROc-00561-00133301-00133504 defending South Korea and preventing an
_c4u3rTUROc-00562-00133505-00133723 escalation of the existing low-intensity
_c4u3rTUROc-00563-00133724-00133933 conflict the South Koreans saw things
_c4u3rTUROc-00564-00133934-00134188 differently they regarded the blue house
_c4u3rTUROc-00565-00134189-00134374 raid and the seizure of the Pueblo as
_c4u3rTUROc-00566-00134375-00134558 signs of a North Korean threat that had
_c4u3rTUROc-00567-00134559-00134728 to be dealt with strongly by both the
_c4u3rTUROc-00568-00134729-00135049 rock in the US when news of negotiations
_c4u3rTUROc-00569-00135050-00135245 between the u.s. and North Koreans at
_c4u3rTUROc-00570-00135246-00135454 pan moon John became public on the 6th
_c4u3rTUROc-00571-00135455-00135526 of February
_c4u3rTUROc-00572-00135527-00135746 the park administration accused the u.s.
_c4u3rTUROc-00573-00135747-00136019 of a policy of appeasement newspaper
_c4u3rTUROc-00574-00136020-00136201 editorials and government officials
_c4u3rTUROc-00575-00136202-00136441 suggested that the Korean units in South
_c4u3rTUROc-00576-00136442-00136633 Vietnam should be recalled to deal with
_c4u3rTUROc-00577-00136634-00136810 the North Korean threat while various
_c4u3rTUROc-00578-00136811-00137050 advisers coaxed president Park to go
_c4u3rTUROc-00579-00137051-00137296 north with or without the Americans
_c4u3rTUROc-00580-00137297-00137508 president Park refused to negotiate
_c4u3rTUROc-00581-00137509-00137749 seriously with either general Bonesteel
_c4u3rTUROc-00582-00137750-00138001 or ambassador William J Porter
_c4u3rTUROc-00583-00138002-00138182 it appeared that the split that Kim
_c4u3rTUROc-00584-00138183-00138368 il-sung hoped to create between the rock
_c4u3rTUROc-00585-00138369-00138604 and the US was becoming a reality on the
_c4u3rTUROc-00586-00138605-00138829 10th of February Cyrus Vance arrived in
_c4u3rTUROc-00587-00138830-00139033 Seoul to negotiate with president Park
_c4u3rTUROc-00588-00139034-00139324 on behalf of President Johnson Vance met
_c4u3rTUROc-00589-00139325-00139544 with Park on the 11th of February and
_c4u3rTUROc-00590-00139545-00139718 set out the Johnson administration's
_c4u3rTUROc-00591-00139719-00139915 position there would be no wider war in
_c4u3rTUROc-00592-00139916-00140146 Korea any Rock cross-border action was
_c4u3rTUROc-00593-00140147-00140369 subject to approval by general Bonesteel
_c4u3rTUROc-00594-00140370-00140515 who would himself need approval from
_c4u3rTUROc-00595-00140516-00140795 President Johnson and the u.s. would
_c4u3rTUROc-00596-00140796-00141004 negotiate as necessary to secure the
_c4u3rTUROc-00597-00141005-00141281 release of the Pueblo crew Vance offered
_c4u3rTUROc-00598-00141282-00141472 Park one hundred million dollars in
_c4u3rTUROc-00599-00141473-00141727 immediate military aid including f4d
_c4u3rTUROc-00600-00141728-00141920 phantom two fighter jets with more to
_c4u3rTUROc-00601-00141921-00142181 follow provided Park agreed not to go
_c4u3rTUROc-00602-00142182-00142232 north
_c4u3rTUROc-00603-00142233-00142481 four days later Park agreed to Vance's
_c4u3rTUROc-00604-00142482-00142906 terms
_c4u3rTUROc-00605-00142907-00143115 pick implementing the American and South
_c4u3rTUROc-00606-00143116-00143569 Korean strategy
_c4u3rTUROc-00607-00143570-00143782 the blue house raid and the Pueblo
_c4u3rTUROc-00608-00143783-00143947 incident both served to raise the
_c4u3rTUROc-00609-00143948-00144160 profile of the low intensity conflict
_c4u3rTUROc-00610-00144161-00144376 being fought in South Korea and finally
_c4u3rTUROc-00611-00144377-00144559 brought in the resources needed to fully
_c4u3rTUROc-00612-00144560-00144723 implement the joint us-rok
_c4u3rTUROc-00613-00144724-00145048 counterinsurgency strategy the massive
_c4u3rTUROc-00614-00145049-00145231 deployment of ships and aircraft in
_c4u3rTUROc-00615-00145232-00145495 operations formation star in combat Fox
_c4u3rTUROc-00616-00145496-00145684 served to deter further large-scale
_c4u3rTUROc-00617-00145685-00145927 incursions once the immediate threat
_c4u3rTUROc-00618-00145928-00146149 subsided the 7th fleet withdrew its
_c4u3rTUROc-00619-00146150-00146449 ships by mid-1968 while the USAF
_c4u3rTUROc-00620-00146450-00146659 gradually reduced its deployment over a
_c4u3rTUROc-00621-00146660-00146910 period of 16 months on the 1st of April
_c4u3rTUROc-00622-00146911-00147187 1968 the Department of Defense on the
_c4u3rTUROc-00623-00147188-00147373 recommendation of general Bonesteel
_c4u3rTUROc-00624-00147374-00147625 declared the DMZ engine River area as a
_c4u3rTUROc-00625-00147626-00147850 hostile fire zone entitling service
_c4u3rTUROc-00626-00147851-00148054 members stationed in the area to hostile
_c4u3rTUROc-00627-00148055-00148237 fire pay and later for the award of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00628-00148238-00148456 Combat Infantryman badge and combat
_c4u3rTUROc-00629-00148457-00148660 medical badge to all qualified men
_c4u3rTUROc-00630-00148661-00148909 serving north of the engine River this
_c4u3rTUROc-00631-00148910-00149110 change in designation also meant that
_c4u3rTUROc-00632-00149111-00149332 Korea would now receive priority second
_c4u3rTUROc-00633-00149333-00149646 only to South Vietnam in addition to the
_c4u3rTUROc-00634-00149647-00149872 $100,000,000 promised to the rock by
_c4u3rTUROc-00635-00149873-00150124 envoy vance congress also allocated two
_c4u3rTUROc-00636-00150125-00150292 hundred thirty million dollars to
_c4u3rTUROc-00637-00150293-00150502 improve u.s. and ROK facilities and
_c4u3rTUROc-00638-00150503-00150817 combat readiness across the DMZ thirty
_c4u3rTUROc-00639-00150818-00151027 two million dollars worth of material
_c4u3rTUROc-00640-00151028-00151243 for the construction of the DMZ barrier
_c4u3rTUROc-00641-00151244-00151420 and communications equipment was
_c4u3rTUROc-00642-00151421-00151618 airlifted to South Korea allowing the
_c4u3rTUROc-00643-00151619-00151783 completion of the improved anti
_c4u3rTUROc-00644-00151784-00151978 infiltration barrier along the entire
_c4u3rTUROc-00645-00151979-00152413 DMZ by the 30th of July 1968 the 6th
_c4u3rTUROc-00646-00152414-00152614 Aviation platoon which was enroute to
_c4u3rTUROc-00647-00152615-00152836 South Vietnam was instead deployed to
_c4u3rTUROc-00648-00152837-00153106 South Korea with its 12 uh-1d Huey's
_c4u3rTUROc-00649-00153107-00153277 more than doubled the number of AH ones
_c4u3rTUROc-00650-00153278-00153469 available allowing some to remain on
_c4u3rTUROc-00651-00153470-00153664 alert with quick reaction forces while
_c4u3rTUROc-00652-00153665-00153841 others conducted counter infiltration
_c4u3rTUROc-00653-00153842-00154114 operations several thousand additional
_c4u3rTUROc-00654-00154115-00154321 enlisted men were allocated to Eighth
_c4u3rTUROc-00655-00154322-00154534 Army alleviating manpower shortages
_c4u3rTUROc-00656-00154535-00154726 while the engine scout program improved
_c4u3rTUROc-00657-00154727-00154879 training and counter infiltration
_c4u3rTUROc-00658-00154880-00155179 tactics dog tracker teams were deployed
_c4u3rTUROc-00659-00155180-00155335 allowing improved detection of
_c4u3rTUROc-00660-00155336-00155587 infiltrators while several hundred m16
_c4u3rTUROc-00661-00155588-00155806 rifles were procured allowing patrols to
_c4u3rTUROc-00662-00155807-00156048 match the firepower of kPa infiltrators
_c4u3rTUROc-00663-00156049-00156271 these improvements taken together
_c4u3rTUROc-00664-00156272-00156505 resulted in a dramatic increase in the
_c4u3rTUROc-00665-00156506-00156700 detection and elimination of kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-00666-00156701-00156940 infiltrators in 1968
_c4u3rTUROc-00667-00156941-00157150 blue house raid convinced president park
_c4u3rTUROc-00668-00157151-00157315 to make one crucial change to
_c4u3rTUROc-00669-00157316-00157513 presidential directive number eighteen
_c4u3rTUROc-00670-00157514-00157828 in February 1968 he ordered the creation
_c4u3rTUROc-00671-00157829-00158044 of the homeland defense reserve force HD
_c4u3rTUROc-00672-00158045-00158305 RF publicly announced in April within
_c4u3rTUROc-00673-00158306-00158500 six months more than two million South
_c4u3rTUROc-00674-00158501-00158713 Korean citizens had volunteered forming
_c4u3rTUROc-00675-00158714-00158956 more than 60,000 local defense platoons
_c4u3rTUROc-00676-00158957-00159226 and companies Park also ordered the
_c4u3rTUROc-00677-00159227-00159433 establishment of twenty reconstruction
_c4u3rTUROc-00678-00159434-00159703 villages just south of the DMZ populated
_c4u3rTUROc-00679-00159704-00159856 by armed ex soldiers and their families
_c4u3rTUROc-00680-00159857-00160114 and the dispatch of roca civic action
_c4u3rTUROc-00681-00160115-00160318 medical enlightenment teams into remote
_c4u3rTUROc-00682-00160319-00160555 areas particularly in the t beacon year
_c4u3rTUROc-00683-00160556-00160944 e mountain areas
_c4u3rTUROc-00684-00160945-00161548 topic elgin sam cheok landings
_c4u3rTUROc-00685-00161549-00161776 while the DMZ became increasingly
_c4u3rTUROc-00686-00161777-00162054 difficult to penetrate during 1968
_c4u3rTUROc-00687-00162055-00162279 South Korea's coastline despite some
_c4u3rTUROc-00688-00162280-00162481 improvements in ROK Navy capabilities
_c4u3rTUROc-00689-00162482-00162704 remained vulnerable to infiltration on
_c4u3rTUROc-00690-00162705-00163068 the night of the 30th of October 1968
_c4u3rTUROc-00691-00163069-00163432 120 men of unit 124 landed at eight
_c4u3rTUROc-00692-00163433-00163657 separate locations between elgin and sam
_c4u3rTUROc-00693-00163658-00163849 cheok in Gangwon province and moved
_c4u3rTUROc-00694-00163850-00164023 inland on a 30 day mission to create
_c4u3rTUROc-00695-00164024-00164233 guerrilla bases in the t week mountains
_c4u3rTUROc-00696-00164234-00164533 on the morning of the 31st of october
_c4u3rTUROc-00697-00164534-00164728 they entered several villages and began
_c4u3rTUROc-00698-00164729-00164935 indoctrinating the villagers several of
_c4u3rTUROc-00699-00164936-00165073 whom slipped away to alert the
_c4u3rTUROc-00700-00165074-00165156 authorities
_c4u3rTUROc-00701-00165157-00165412 Roka forces soon arrived in the area
_c4u3rTUROc-00702-00165413-00165666 aboard the o1 Huey's of the 6th Aviation
_c4u3rTUROc-00703-00165667-00165808 platoon and some of the new ones
_c4u3rTUROc-00704-00165809-00166039 provided to the roca under the military
_c4u3rTUROc-00705-00166040-00166165 assistance program
_c4u3rTUROc-00706-00166166-00166450 the 36th homeland defense Infantry
_c4u3rTUROc-00707-00166451-00166645 Division parts of two other divisions
_c4u3rTUROc-00708-00166646-00166852 and ROK Marine Corps battalion combat
_c4u3rTUROc-00709-00166853-00167095 police companies and ROK Special Forces
_c4u3rTUROc-00710-00167096-00167272 Group and thousands of home defense
_c4u3rTUROc-00711-00167273-00167461 reserves took part in the manhunt that
_c4u3rTUROc-00712-00167462-00167719 followed within two weeks most of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00713-00167720-00167947 infiltrators had been killed on the 9th
_c4u3rTUROc-00714-00167948-00168154 of December several commandos murdered
_c4u3rTUROc-00715-00168155-00168349 ten-year-old Lee Sung buck and three
_c4u3rTUROc-00716-00168350-00168508 other members of his family at their
_c4u3rTUROc-00717-00168509-00168697 home on the remote northern slope of gai
_c4u3rTUROc-00718-00168698-00168973 bang Mountain by the time President Park
_c4u3rTUROc-00719-00168974-00169213 suspended the operation on the 26th of
_c4u3rTUROc-00720-00169214-00169438 December 110 North Koreans had been
_c4u3rTUROc-00721-00169439-00169639 killed and seven captured for the loss
_c4u3rTUROc-00722-00169640-00169876 of 40 Regular Army police and militia
_c4u3rTUROc-00723-00169877-00170391 and 23 civilians
_c4u3rTUROc-00724-00170392-00170964 topic North Korean strategy changes
_c4u3rTUROc-00725-00170965-00171267 by the end of 1968 it was apparent that
_c4u3rTUROc-00726-00171268-00171425 despite two years of unconventional
_c4u3rTUROc-00727-00171426-00171672 operations North Korea had failed to
_c4u3rTUROc-00728-00171673-00171864 ignite an insurgency in the South the
_c4u3rTUROc-00729-00171865-00172065 us-rok relationship was stronger than
_c4u3rTUROc-00730-00172066-00172281 ever and president Park had cemented his
_c4u3rTUROc-00731-00172282-00172554 legitimacy with the population in late
_c4u3rTUROc-00732-00172555-00172785 December Kim il-sung purged the senior
_c4u3rTUROc-00733-00172786-00172998 military officers responsible for the
_c4u3rTUROc-00734-00172999-00173232 unconventional warfare campaign accusing
_c4u3rTUROc-00735-00173233-00173370 them of failing to correctly implement
_c4u3rTUROc-00736-00173371-00173487 the party line
_c4u3rTUROc-00737-00173488-00173643 there could be no suggestion that the
_c4u3rTUROc-00738-00173644-00173913 kwp line simply did not appeal to South
_c4u3rTUROc-00739-00173914-00174228 Koreans defense minister general kim
_c4u3rTUROc-00740-00174229-00174450 Chong bong and kPa political bureau
_c4u3rTUROc-00741-00174451-00174690 chairman general ho pong hatch ik were
_c4u3rTUROc-00742-00174691-00174876 both executed while the chief of the
_c4u3rTUROc-00743-00174877-00175062 General Staff the reconnaissance Bureau
_c4u3rTUROc-00744-00175063-00175266 chief the kpn commander and the
_c4u3rTUROc-00745-00175267-00175491 commanders of three frontline kPa corps
_c4u3rTUROc-00746-00175492-00175944 were all in prison units 124 and 283
_c4u3rTUROc-00747-00175945-00176120 were disbanded and Special Warfare
_c4u3rTUROc-00748-00176121-00176322 capabilities were made explicitly
_c4u3rTUROc-00749-00176323-00176502 subordinate to conventional military
_c4u3rTUROc-00750-00176503-00176856 operations the kPa was transformed by
_c4u3rTUROc-00751-00176857-00177078 the institution of a commissar system in
_c4u3rTUROc-00752-00177079-00177261 all units down to company level to
_c4u3rTUROc-00753-00177262-00177534 ensure kwp control over all military
_c4u3rTUROc-00754-00177535-00177810 activity despite the change in strategy
_c4u3rTUROc-00755-00177811-00177993 North Korea continued to conduct
_c4u3rTUROc-00756-00177994-00178236 infiltration apparently as cover while
_c4u3rTUROc-00757-00178237-00178419 the purge and restructuring was carried
_c4u3rTUROc-00758-00178420-00178602 out the UN Command did not initially
_c4u3rTUROc-00759-00178603-00178809 appreciate the changes in Pyongyang
_c4u3rTUROc-00760-00178810-00178971 regarding the reduction in infiltration
_c4u3rTUROc-00761-00178972-00179235 is being caused by effective UN action
_c4u3rTUROc-00762-00179236-00179394 rather than the abandonment by Pyongyang
_c4u3rTUROc-00763-00179395-00179586 of its failed strategy limited
_c4u3rTUROc-00764-00179587-00179784 intelligence sources and few published
_c4u3rTUROc-00765-00179785-00180015 speeches by kim ill sung gave few clues
_c4u3rTUROc-00766-00180016-00180272 as to the kW P's policy change in
_c4u3rTUROc-00767-00180273-00180554 mid-march the combined forces exercise
_c4u3rTUROc-00768-00180555-00180798 focus retina began in South Korea this
_c4u3rTUROc-00769-00180799-00181002 exercise was condemned by the north as a
_c4u3rTUROc-00770-00181003-00181236 dress rehearsal for an invasion and kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-00771-00181237-00181479 regulars began a series of attacks and
_c4u3rTUROc-00772-00181480-00181725 infiltration against 2id position on the
_c4u3rTUROc-00773-00181726-00181971 DMZ that lasted until mid-may on the
_c4u3rTUROc-00774-00181972-00182238 15th of April 1969 Kim il-sung's
_c4u3rTUROc-00775-00182239-00182579 birthday to kPa F MiG's shot down a USAF
_c4u3rTUROc-00776-00182580-00182913 e c-121 M warning star on an electronic
_c4u3rTUROc-00777-00182914-00183243 intelligence mission 167 kilometers off
_c4u3rTUROc-00778-00183244-00183432 the east coast of North Korea killing
_c4u3rTUROc-00779-00183433-00183747 all 31 crewmen President Richard Nixon
_c4u3rTUROc-00780-00183748-00183939 and National Security Advisor Henry
_c4u3rTUROc-00781-00183940-00184125 Kissinger considered a reprisal
_c4u3rTUROc-00782-00184126-00184299 airstrike or an area less
_c4u3rTUROc-00783-00184300-00184497 Gort linked to a diplomatic complaint at
_c4u3rTUROc-00784-00184498-00184692 the truth table both initially favored
_c4u3rTUROc-00785-00184693-00184863 an airstrike on the basis that force
_c4u3rTUROc-00786-00184864-00184997 should be met with force
_c4u3rTUROc-00787-00184998-00185259 Nixon's advisers opposed an airstrike
_c4u3rTUROc-00788-00185260-00185391 fearing that this could provoke a
_c4u3rTUROc-00789-00185392-00185613 full-scale war when the US was already
_c4u3rTUROc-00790-00185614-00185766 committed in Vietnam and they were
_c4u3rTUROc-00791-00185767-00185976 supported in this by general Bonesteel
_c4u3rTUROc-00792-00185977-00186264 and ambassador Porter on the 18th of
_c4u3rTUROc-00793-00186265-00186429 April Nixon announced that future
_c4u3rTUROc-00794-00186430-00186609 intelligence flights would have fighter
_c4u3rTUROc-00795-00186610-00186804 escorts which had been the case until
_c4u3rTUROc-00796-00186805-00187056 the end of 1968 when the tensions on the
_c4u3rTUROc-00797-00187057-00187230 Korean Peninsula were believed to have
_c4u3rTUROc-00798-00187231-00187452 subsided and a protest was lodged with
_c4u3rTUROc-00799-00187453-00187635 the North Koreans at pan moon jom which
_c4u3rTUROc-00800-00187636-00187938 was accepted without comment from 19 to
_c4u3rTUROc-00801-00187939-00188274 26 April the 7th fleets task force 71
_c4u3rTUROc-00802-00188275-00188451 including four carriers and their
_c4u3rTUROc-00803-00188452-00188658 escorts conducted operations off the
_c4u3rTUROc-00804-00188659-00188862 east coast of North Korea as a show of
_c4u3rTUROc-00805-00188863-00189201 force
_c4u3rTUROc-00806-00189202-00189757 topic conflict diffusion
_c4u3rTUROc-00807-00189758-00190116 by May 1969 the level of intensity of
_c4u3rTUROc-00808-00190117-00190356 the conflict had reduced substantially
_c4u3rTUROc-00809-00190357-00190599 isolated incidents continued to occur
_c4u3rTUROc-00810-00190600-00190797 particularly along the roca controlled
_c4u3rTUROc-00811-00190798-00191016 sectors of the DMZ but it had become
_c4u3rTUROc-00812-00191017-00191185 clear that the North had abandoned its
_c4u3rTUROc-00813-00191186-00191359 hopes of starting an insurgency in the
_c4u3rTUROc-00814-00191360-00191637 south qualitative improvements in the
_c4u3rTUROc-00815-00191638-00191833 ROK army meant that the US could start
_c4u3rTUROc-00816-00191834-00192019 to contemplate reducing its military
_c4u3rTUROc-00817-00192020-00192324 presence in South Korea on the 25th of
_c4u3rTUROc-00818-00192325-00192634 July 1969 President Nixon announced his
_c4u3rTUROc-00819-00192635-00192837 Nixon Doctrine that henceforth the US
_c4u3rTUROc-00820-00192838-00193050 expected its allies to defend themselves
_c4u3rTUROc-00821-00193051-00193275 with US air and sea power support and
_c4u3rTUROc-00822-00193276-00193488 the nuclear umbrella but not u.s. ground
_c4u3rTUROc-00823-00193489-00193761 troops while aimed primarily at South
_c4u3rTUROc-00824-00193762-00193998 Vietnam this policy would also apply to
_c4u3rTUROc-00825-00193999-00194211 South Korea however Nixon assured
_c4u3rTUROc-00826-00194212-00194385 president Park that his commitment to
_c4u3rTUROc-00827-00194386-00194676 South Korea was unchanged on the 1st of
_c4u3rTUROc-00828-00194677-00194988 October 1969 General Bonesteel handed
_c4u3rTUROc-00829-00194989-00195249 over command of USFK to General John H
_c4u3rTUROc-00830-00195250-00195525 mikelis one of General Mike Kelly's
_c4u3rTUROc-00831-00195526-00195750 early tasks was negotiating the release
_c4u3rTUROc-00832-00195751-00195972 of three US soldiers captured when their
_c4u3rTUROc-00833-00195973-00196197 Oh 23 helicopter was shut down after
_c4u3rTUROc-00834-00196198-00196449 straying across the DMZ their release on
_c4u3rTUROc-00835-00196450-00196732 the 3rd of December 1969 is regarded as
_c4u3rTUROc-00836-00196733-00197239 the official end of the conflict
_c4u3rTUROc-00837-00197240-00197695 topic timeline
_c4u3rTUROc-00838-00197696-00198252 topic 1966
_c4u3rTUROc-00839-00198253-00198513 the 2nd of November 2nd Infantry
_c4u3rTUROc-00840-00198514-00198837 Division - ID Patrol 1st battalion 23rd
_c4u3rTUROc-00841-00198838-00199118 Infantry Regiment ambushed south of DMZ
_c4u3rTUROc-00842-00199119-00199629 6 us Kia 1 KATUSA Kia 1 us WIA unknown
_c4u3rTUROc-00843-00199630-00199959 kPa losses private Ernest Reynolds as
_c4u3rTUROc-00844-00199960-00200166 posthumously awarded the Silver Star for
_c4u3rTUROc-00845-00200167-00200460 his actions during the ambush and Roca
_c4u3rTUROc-00846-00200461-00200694 patrol was ambushed the same night -
_c4u3rTUROc-00847-00200695-00201093 rakia
_c4u3rTUROc-00848-00201094-00201589 topic 1967
_c4u3rTUROc-00849-00201590-00201922 the 12th of February - ID patrol three -
_c4u3rTUROc-00850-00201923-00202306 23 infantry ambushed south of DMZ one
_c4u3rTUROc-00851-00202307-00202702 u.s. Kia unknown kPa losses the 5th of
_c4u3rTUROc-00852-00202703-00202975 April - ID guard post engaged kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-00853-00202976-00203362 infiltrators south of DMZ no u.s. losses
_c4u3rTUROc-00854-00203363-00203770 five kPa Kia the 29th of April - ID
_c4u3rTUROc-00855-00203771-00204055 patrol ambushed kPa infiltrators south
_c4u3rTUROc-00856-00204056-00204493 of dmz no u.s. losses one kPa Kia one
_c4u3rTUROc-00857-00204494-00204637 kPa WIA
_c4u3rTUROc-00858-00204638-00205078 one kPa captured the 22nd of May - ID
_c4u3rTUROc-00859-00205079-00205384 barracks one - 23 infantry demolished by
_c4u3rTUROc-00860-00205385-00205744 nighttime explosions south of DMZ to us
_c4u3rTUROc-00861-00205746-00205996 Kia 17 US WIA
_c4u3rTUROc-00862-00205996-00206369 the 16th of July - ID barrier position
_c4u3rTUROc-00863-00206369-00206794 number 32 overrun 3 us Kia - - 23
_c4u3rTUROc-00864-00206796-00207187 infantry one KATUSA WIA the 10th of
_c4u3rTUROc-00865-00207188-00207478 August 7 ID construction team B Company
_c4u3rTUROc-00866-00207479-00207773 - 31st of a stone I and F 7th ID
_c4u3rTUROc-00867-00207773-00208138 ambushed well south of DMZ in daylight 3
_c4u3rTUROc-00868-00208139-00208585 us Kia 16 us WIA 1 WIA later died of his
_c4u3rTUROc-00869-00208586-00208986 wounds at 121st evac unknown kPa losses
_c4u3rTUROc-00870-00208987-00209356 the 22nd of August - ID Jeep destroyed
_c4u3rTUROc-00871-00209357-00209710 by mine and ambushed south of DMZ 1 us
_c4u3rTUROc-00872-00209711-00210253 Kia 1 us WIA unknown kPa losses the 28th
_c4u3rTUROc-00873-00210254-00210475 of August 8th army construction team
_c4u3rTUROc-00874-00210476-00210727 76th engineer's ambushed in daylight
_c4u3rTUROc-00875-00210728-00210919 near the joint security area but still
_c4u3rTUROc-00876-00210921-00211333 south of the DMZ to us Kia - KATUSA kia
_c4u3rTUROc-00877-00211334-00211525 14 us WIA
_c4u3rTUROc-00878-00211526-00211964 9 KATUSA WIA three civilians WIA unknown
_c4u3rTUROc-00879-00211965-00212414 kPa losses the 29th of August - ID Jeep
_c4u3rTUROc-00880-00212415-00212789 destroyed by mines south of DMZ 3 us Kia
_c4u3rTUROc-00881-00212790-00212953 5 us WIA
_c4u3rTUROc-00882-00212954-00213389 no kPa losses the 7th of October - ID
_c4u3rTUROc-00883-00213390-00213610 patrol boat ambushed on engine River
_c4u3rTUROc-00884-00213611-00214405 south of DMZ 1 us Kia unknown kPa losses
_c4u3rTUROc-00885-00214406-00214671 topic 1968
_c4u3rTUROc-00886-00214671-00214931 you
_c4u3rTUROc-00887-00214932-00215289 22:21 January 31 North Korean commandos
_c4u3rTUROc-00888-00215290-00215469 crossed the border disguised as South
_c4u3rTUROc-00889-00215469-00215640 Korean soldiers in an attempt to
_c4u3rTUROc-00890-00215641-00215859 assassinate President Park chung-hee at
_c4u3rTUROc-00891-00215860-00215946 the blue house
_c4u3rTUROc-00892-00215946-00216198 the failed blue house raid mission by
_c4u3rTUROc-00893-00216198-00216573 unit 124 resulted in 28 commandos killed
_c4u3rTUROc-00894-00216573-00216833 two presumed dead and the last captured
_c4u3rTUROc-00895-00216834-00217152 68 South Koreans were killed in 66
_c4u3rTUROc-00896-00217153-00217415 wounded including about 24 civilians
_c4u3rTUROc-00897-00217416-00217667 three Americans were killed in another
_c4u3rTUROc-00898-00217669-00217863 three wounded in an attempt to prevent
_c4u3rTUROc-00899-00217864-00218076 the commandos from escaping back via the
_c4u3rTUROc-00900-00218077-00218487 DMZ the 22nd of January u.s. 2nd
_c4u3rTUROc-00901-00218488-00218715 Infantry Division guard post engaged by
_c4u3rTUROc-00902-00218716-00219183 kPa infiltrators 3 US WIA unknown kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-00903-00219184-00219582 losses the 23rd of January seizure of
_c4u3rTUROc-00904-00219583-00219831 the USS Pueblo ager to off the east
_c4u3rTUROc-00905-00219832-00220221 coast of North Korea one u.s. Kia
_c4u3rTUROc-00906-00220221-00220563 the 24th of January to ID position 1 to
_c4u3rTUROc-00907-00220564-00220887 23 infantry attacked south of DMZ by KP
_c4u3rTUROc-00908-00220888-00221358 a unit 124 exfil traitors to us Kia 3
_c4u3rTUROc-00909-00221359-00221525 kPa WIA
_c4u3rTUROc-00910-00221526-00221898 the 26th of January to ID defensive
_c4u3rTUROc-00911-00221898-00222171 position to 272 armored attacked south
_c4u3rTUROc-00912-00222171-00222534 of DMZ by KP a unit 120 for exfil
_c4u3rTUROc-00913-00222535-00222873 traitors the 29th of January to ID
_c4u3rTUROc-00914-00222873-00223137 patrols and outposts engaged in repulsed
_c4u3rTUROc-00915-00223138-00223479 four teams of kPa infiltrators no US
_c4u3rTUROc-00916-00223480-00223871 losses unknown kPa losses the 6th of
_c4u3rTUROc-00917-00223873-00224202 February to ID guard post attacked no US
_c4u3rTUROc-00918-00224203-00224733 losses 1 kPa WIA the 27th of March to ID
_c4u3rTUROc-00919-00224734-00225009 reaction forces and rock 25th Infantry
_c4u3rTUROc-00920-00225010-00225242 Division ambushed kPa and Phil traitors
_c4u3rTUROc-00921-00225244-00225744 no US losses three kPa Kia the 14th of
_c4u3rTUROc-00922-00225744-00225963 April US Army Support Group truck
_c4u3rTUROc-00923-00225964-00226113 ambushed south of the joint security
_c4u3rTUROc-00924-00226114-00226530 area in daylight to us Kia to KATUSA Kia
_c4u3rTUROc-00925-00226531-00226689 to us WIA
_c4u3rTUROc-00926-00226690-00227117 unknown kPa losses the 20th of April to
_c4u3rTUROc-00927-00227119-00227444 ID second 23rd patrol ambushed in DMZ
_c4u3rTUROc-00928-00227446-00228000 near MDL 1 us WIA one kPa Kia the 21st
_c4u3rTUROc-00929-00228001-00228363 of April 7 ID patrol 2nd battalion 31st
_c4u3rTUROc-00930-00228364-00228576 infantry regiment engaged kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-00931-00228577-00228963 infiltrator company in the DMZ 1 us kia
_c4u3rTUROc-00932-00228964-00229128 3 us WIA
_c4u3rTUROc-00933-00229129-00229737 5 KP a Kia 15 kPa WIA the 27th of April
_c4u3rTUROc-00934-00229738-00230103 7 ID patrol - 231 infantry ambushed in
_c4u3rTUROc-00935-00230104-00230550 the DMZ 1 KATUSA Kia - us WI a unknown
_c4u3rTUROc-00936-00230551-00231009 kPa losses the 3rd of July - ID patrol
_c4u3rTUROc-00937-00231010-00231402 ambushed in the DMZ 1 us WI a unknown
_c4u3rTUROc-00938-00231403-00231888 kPa losses the 20th of July - ID Patrol
_c4u3rTUROc-00939-00231889-00232302 ambushed in the DMZ 1 us Kia unknown kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-00940-00232303-00232728 losses 7 ID Patrol 1st battalion 32nd
_c4u3rTUROc-00941-00232729-00233064 Infantry Regiment ambushed in the DMZ 1
_c4u3rTUROc-00942-00233065-00233502 us Kia unknown kPa losses the 21st of
_c4u3rTUROc-00943-00233503-00233613 July - aye
_c4u3rTUROc-00944-00233614-00233862 patrol 2nd battalion 38th Infantry
_c4u3rTUROc-00945-00233863-00234219 Regiment ambushed in the DMZ one u.s.
_c4u3rTUROc-00946-00234219-00234767 WIA one KATUSA WIA the 30th of July - ID
_c4u3rTUROc-00947-00234769-00235077 patrol three - 23 infantry ambushed in
_c4u3rTUROc-00948-00235078-00235461 the DMZ one u.s. Kia three US WIA
_c4u3rTUROc-00949-00235462-00235896 unknown kPa losses the 5th of August -
_c4u3rTUROc-00950-00235896-00236192 ID patrol one 238 infantry ambushed
_c4u3rTUROc-00951-00236194-00236502 south of the DMZ in daylight one u.s.
_c4u3rTUROc-00952-00236503-00237009 Kia for us WIA one kPa Kia the 18th of
_c4u3rTUROc-00953-00237010-00237354 August 7 ID patrol 1 to 32 infantry
_c4u3rTUROc-00954-00237355-00237735 ambushed south of the DMZ to us kia -
_c4u3rTUROc-00955-00237736-00237898 kPa WIA
_c4u3rTUROc-00956-00237900-00238341 the 19th of September - ID patrols - 238
_c4u3rTUROc-00957-00238342-00238590 infantry in quick reaction forces 4th
_c4u3rTUROc-00958-00238591-00238857 squadron 7th Cavalry Regiment 2nd
_c4u3rTUROc-00959-00238858-00239007 battalion 9th Infantry Regiment
_c4u3rTUROc-00960-00239008-00239217 mechanized and the second division
_c4u3rTUROc-00961-00239217-00239433 counteragent company isolated and
_c4u3rTUROc-00962-00239434-00239802 destroyed kPa infiltrator squad - KATUSA
_c4u3rTUROc-00963-00239803-00240356 kia 6 KATUSA WIA for kPa kia 1 kPa WIA
_c4u3rTUROc-00964-00240357-00240738 the 27th of September - ID Jeep ambushed
_c4u3rTUROc-00965-00240739-00241190 in the DMZ to us Kia unknown kPa losses
_c4u3rTUROc-00966-00241191-00241592 the 3rd of october 7 ID guard post 1 to
_c4u3rTUROc-00967-00241594-00241896 31 infantry engaged kPa exfil trader
_c4u3rTUROc-00968-00241896-00242319 south of dmz no us losses one kPa kia
_c4u3rTUROc-00969-00242319-00242694 the 5th of october - ID patrol ambushed
_c4u3rTUROc-00970-00242694-00243177 in the DMZ 1 us kia to us WIA unknown
_c4u3rTUROc-00971-00243178-00243561 kPa losses the 10th of october to ID
_c4u3rTUROc-00972-00243562-00243831 boat patrol engaged kPa infiltrator
_c4u3rTUROc-00973-00243832-00244152 crossing the engine River no us losses
_c4u3rTUROc-00974-00244153-00244557 one kPa kia the 11th of october - ID
_c4u3rTUROc-00975-00244558-00244830 patrol ambushed kPa and phil traders in
_c4u3rTUROc-00976-00244831-00245394 the DMZ no us losses - kPa kia the 23rd
_c4u3rTUROc-00977-00245394-00245679 of october - ID patrol engaged kPa and
_c4u3rTUROc-00978-00245680-00246092 phil traders in the DMZ 1 us kia 5 us
_c4u3rTUROc-00979-00246094-00246552 WIA one kPa kia the 30th of October
_c4u3rTUROc-00980-00246553-00246801 alchun sam cheok gangwon-do landings by
_c4u3rTUROc-00981-00246802-00247041 120 men of kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-00982-00247042-00247374 124 110 of them were killed seven were
_c4u3rTUROc-00983-00247375-00247683 captured and three escaped 40 roca and
_c4u3rTUROc-00984-00247684-00247935 police were Kia and 23 civilians were
_c4u3rTUROc-00985-00247936-00248283 killed
_c4u3rTUROc-00986-00248284-00248825 topic 1969
_c4u3rTUROc-00987-00248826-00249160 the 23rd of January to ID guard posts
_c4u3rTUROc-00988-00249161-00249533 repulsed kPa infiltrators no US losses
_c4u3rTUROc-00989-00249534-00249919 unknown kPa losses the 4th of February
_c4u3rTUROc-00990-00249921-00250159 to ID guard posts repulsed kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-00991-00250160-00250546 infiltrators no US losses unknown kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-00992-00250548-00250934 losses the 13th of March to ID fence
_c4u3rTUROc-00993-00250935-00251258 repair patrol - 238 infantry engaged by
_c4u3rTUROc-00994-00251259-00251633 kPa infiltrators no US losses unknown
_c4u3rTUROc-00995-00251634-00252085 kPa losses the 15th of March - ID marker
_c4u3rTUROc-00996-00252086-00252321 maintenance patrol ambushed in the DMZ
_c4u3rTUROc-00997-00252323-00252862 one u.s. Kia to us WIA one KATUSA wi a
_c4u3rTUROc-00998-00252863-00253139 medical evacuation helicopter crashed
_c4u3rTUROc-00999-00253140-00253360 after takeoff killing five Airmen and
_c4u3rTUROc-01000-00253361-00253706 the three wounded the 16th of March - ID
_c4u3rTUROc-01001-00253707-00253979 Patrol engaged kPa infiltrators in the
_c4u3rTUROc-01002-00253980-00254525 DMZ no US losses unknown kPa losses the
_c4u3rTUROc-01003-00254526-00254837 20th of March - ID Patrol engaged kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-01004-00254838-00255230 patrol in the DMZ no US losses unknown
_c4u3rTUROc-01005-00255231-00255689 kPa losses the 29th of March - ID Patrol
_c4u3rTUROc-01006-00255690-00256082 engaged kPa patrol in the DMZ no us
_c4u3rTUROc-01007-00256083-00256421 losses unknown kPa losses
_c4u3rTUROc-01008-00256423-00256680 the 7th of April 6 North Korean
_c4u3rTUROc-01009-00256681-00256890 infiltrators crossed the border near to
_c4u3rTUROc-01010-00256891-00257100 munjin gangwon-do and killed a South
_c4u3rTUROc-01011-00257101-00257435 Korean policeman on guard duty the 15th
_c4u3rTUROc-01012-00257436-00257681 of April kPa F fighters shoot down a
_c4u3rTUROc-01013-00257682-00258015 u.s. Navy ec120 one warning star
_c4u3rTUROc-01014-00258016-00258255 aircraft over the Sea of Japan east sea
_c4u3rTUROc-01015-00258256-00258675 31 us crewmen killed the 15th of May to
_c4u3rTUROc-01016-00258676-00259044 ID patrol engaged kPa infiltrator one
_c4u3rTUROc-01017-00259044-00259452 u.s. WIA one KATUSA WIA unknown kPa
_c4u3rTUROc-01018-00259453-00259854 losses the 20th of May to ID guard post
_c4u3rTUROc-01019-00259855-00260277 engaged kPa infiltrators no US losses 1
_c4u3rTUROc-01020-00260278-00260708 kPa Kia the 21st of July to ID guard
_c4u3rTUROc-01021-00260709-00260976 posts engaged in repulsed kPa and Phil
_c4u3rTUROc-01022-00260977-00261394 traitors no US losses unknown kPa losses
_c4u3rTUROc-01023-00261396-00261744 the 17th of August 8th army Oh 23
_c4u3rTUROc-01024-00261744-00262062 helicopter 59th aviation company strayed
_c4u3rTUROc-01025-00262063-00262395 north of the DMZ and was shot down 3 us
_c4u3rTUROc-01026-00262396-00262599 captured and finally released on the 3rd
_c4u3rTUROc-01027-00262600-00263064 of December 1969 the 18th of october 7
_c4u3rTUROc-01028-00263065-00263439 ID jeep ambushed in the dmz for us kia
_c4u3rTUROc-01029-00263440-00263912 unknown kPa losses
_c4u3rTUROc-01030-00263913-00264480 topic see also
_c4u3rTUROc-01031-00264481-00264738 Neutral Nations supervisory commission
_c4u3rTUROc-01032-00264739-00264866 nnsc
_c4u3rTUROc-01033-00264867-00265146 list of border incidents involving North
_c4u3rTUROc-01034-00265147-00265749 Korea 1976 ax murder incident 1999 First
_c4u3rTUROc-01035-00265750-00266118 Battle of Yeonpyeong 2002 Second Battle
_c4u3rTUROc-01036-00266119-00266564 of Yeonpyeong 2009 battle of de Cheung
_c4u3rTUROc-01037-00266565-00266952 2010 rocks Cheonan sinking 2010
_c4u3rTUROc-01038-00266953-00267390 bombardment of Yeonpyeong
_c4u3rTUROc-01039-00267391-00267955 topic references
_c4u3rTUROc-01040-00267956-00268466 topic further reading
_c4u3rTUROc-01041-00268467-00268787 take young ham 1999 arming the two
_c4u3rTUROc-01042-00268788-00269082 koreas state capital and military power
_c4u3rTUROc-01043-00269083-00269332 London route llege Naru Sheikh Mitch
_c4u3rTUROc-01044-00269333-00269560 Ishita 2010 North Korea's military
_c4u3rTUROc-01045-00269561-00270041 diplomatic campaigns 1966 to 2008 London
_c4u3rTUROc-01046-00270042-00270278 route llege Nicholas Evan sarin takes
_c4u3rTUROc-01047-00270279-00270572 2000 the quiet war combat operations
_c4u3rTUROc-01048-00270573-00270893 along the Korean Demilitarized Zone 1966
_c4u3rTUROc-01049-00270894-00271247 to 1969 journal of military history vol
_c4u3rTUROc-01050-00271248-00272116 64 issued to - 439 - 458
_c4u3rTUROc-01051-00272117-00272401 external links
_c4u3rTUROc-01052-00272402-00272546 you
_c4u3rTUROc-01053-00272547-00272894 u.s. victory lost in history The
_c4u3rTUROc-01054-00272895-00273301 Forgotten DMZ a Korean War project
_c4u3rTUROc-01055-00273302-00273587 Daniel P Bulger scenes from an
_c4u3rTUROc-01056-00273588-00273869 unfinished war low-intensity conflict in
_c4u3rTUROc-01057-00273870-00274400 Korea 1966 to 1969 command and General
_c4u3rTUROc-01058-00274401-00274777 Staff College Leavenworth Papers no 19
_c4u3rTUROc-01059-00274778-00275368 the second Korean War 1967 to 1969
_c4u3rTUROc-01060-00275369-00275795 Wilson Center digital archive
_h7Yn21wjjg-00000-00000014-00000296 the age of enlightenment also known as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00001-00000297-00000463 the age of reason or simply the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00002-00000465-00000644 Enlightenment was an intellectual and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00003-00000645-00000829 philosophical movement that dominated
_h7Yn21wjjg-00004-00000830-00001028 the world of ideas in Europe during the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00005-00001029-00001298 18th century the century of philosophy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00006-00001299-00001553 some considered the publication of isaac
_h7Yn21wjjg-00007-00001554-00001862 newton's principia mathematica 1687 as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00008-00001863-00002062 the first major enlightenment work
_h7Yn21wjjg-00009-00002063-00002326 French historians traditionally date the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00010-00002327-00002687 Enlightenment from 1715 to 1789 from the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00011-00002688-00002833 beginning of the reign of Louis the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00012-00002834-00003031 fifteenth until the French Revolution
_h7Yn21wjjg-00013-00003032-00003265 most ended with the turn of the 19th
_h7Yn21wjjg-00014-00003266-00003542 century philosophers and scientists of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00015-00003543-00003776 the period widely circulated their ideas
_h7Yn21wjjg-00016-00003777-00003959 through meetings at scientific academies
_h7Yn21wjjg-00017-00003960-00004244 Masonic lodges literary salons coffee
_h7Yn21wjjg-00018-00004245-00004469 houses and in printed books journals and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00019-00004470-00004751 pamphlets the ideas of the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00020-00004752-00004963 undermined the authority of the monarchy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00021-00004964-00005135 in the church and paved the way for the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00022-00005136-00005342 political revolutions of the 18th and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00023-00005343-00005675 19th centuries a variety of 19th century
_h7Yn21wjjg-00024-00005676-00005902 movements including liberalism and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00025-00005903-00006134 neoclassicism traced their intellectual
_h7Yn21wjjg-00026-00006135-00006284 heritage to the Enlightenment the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00027-00006285-00006467 Enlightenment included a range of ideas
_h7Yn21wjjg-00028-00006468-00006689 centered on reason as the primary source
_h7Yn21wjjg-00029-00006690-00006895 of knowledge and advanced ideals such as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00030-00006897-00007181 Liberty progress toleration fraternity
_h7Yn21wjjg-00031-00007181-00007409 constitutional government and separation
_h7Yn21wjjg-00032-00007409-00007673 of church and state in France the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00033-00007673-00007853 central doctrines of the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00034-00007854-00008035 philosophers were individual liberty and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00035-00008036-00008246 religious tolerance in opposition to an
_h7Yn21wjjg-00036-00008247-00008438 absolute monarchy in the fixed dogmas of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00037-00008439-00008681 the Roman Catholic Church the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00038-00008682-00008867 Enlightenment was marked by an emphasis
_h7Yn21wjjg-00039-00008868-00009026 on the scientific method and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00040-00009027-00009199 reductionism along with increased
_h7Yn21wjjg-00041-00009200-00009409 questioning of religious orthodoxy and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00042-00009410-00009671 attitude captured by the phrase Sabri
_h7Yn21wjjg-00043-00009672-00010538 order to no topic significant people and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00044-00010539-00010920 publications
_h7Yn21wjjg-00045-00010921-00011199 the Age of Enlightenment was preceded by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00046-00011200-00011383 and closely associated with the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00047-00011384-00011620 Scientific Revolution earlier
_h7Yn21wjjg-00048-00011621-00011812 philosophers whose work influenced the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00049-00011813-00011977 Enlightenment included Bacon and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00050-00011978-00012163 Descartes the major figures of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00051-00012164-00012391 Enlightenment included Beccaria Diderot
_h7Yn21wjjg-00052-00012392-00012705 Hume can't Montesquieu Rousseau Adam
_h7Yn21wjjg-00053-00012706-00013008 Smith and Voltaire some European rulers
_h7Yn21wjjg-00054-00013009-00013285 including catherine ii of russia joseph
_h7Yn21wjjg-00055-00013286-00013516 ii of austria and frederick ii of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00056-00013516-00013713 prussia tried to apply a enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00057-00013715-00013875 thought on religious and political
_h7Yn21wjjg-00058-00013876-00014022 tolerance which became known as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00059-00014023-00014331 enlightened absolutism Benjamin Franklin
_h7Yn21wjjg-00060-00014332-00014488 visited Europe repeatedly and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00061-00014488-00014680 contributed actively to the scientific
_h7Yn21wjjg-00062-00014681-00014860 and political debates there and brought
_h7Yn21wjjg-00063-00014861-00015093 the news ideas back to Philadelphia
_h7Yn21wjjg-00064-00015094-00015336 Thomas Jefferson closely followed
_h7Yn21wjjg-00065-00015337-00015519 European ideas and later incorporated
_h7Yn21wjjg-00066-00015520-00015718 some of the ideals of the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00067-00015719-00015888 into the Declaration of Independence
_h7Yn21wjjg-00068-00015888-00016336 1776 one of his peers James Madison
_h7Yn21wjjg-00069-00016337-00016536 incorporated these ideals into the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00070-00016537-00016755 United States Constitution during its
_h7Yn21wjjg-00071-00016756-00017031 framing in 1787 the most influential
_h7Yn21wjjg-00072-00017032-00017233 publication of the Enlightenment was the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00073-00017234-00017550 encyclopedia encyclopedia published
_h7Yn21wjjg-00074-00017551-00017925 between 1751 and 1772 in thirty-five
_h7Yn21wjjg-00075-00017926-00018159 volumes it was compiled by Dido
_h7Yn21wjjg-00076-00018160-00018565 Dalembert until 1759 and a team of 150
_h7Yn21wjjg-00077-00018566-00018837 scientists and philosophers it helped
_h7Yn21wjjg-00078-00018838-00018984 spread the ideas of the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00079-00018985-00019287 across Europe and beyond other landmark
_h7Yn21wjjg-00080-00019288-00019497 publications were Voltaire's dictionary
_h7Yn21wjjg-00081-00019498-00019825 philosophy philosophical dictionary 1764
_h7Yn21wjjg-00082-00019826-00020055 and letters on the English 17:33
_h7Yn21wjjg-00083-00020056-00020415 Rousseau's discourse on inequality 1754
_h7Yn21wjjg-00084-00020416-00020725 and the social contract 1762 Adam
_h7Yn21wjjg-00085-00020726-00020940 Smith's the Theory of Moral Sentiments
_h7Yn21wjjg-00086-00020941-00021319 1759 and The Wealth of Nations 1776 and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00087-00021320-00021509 Montesquieu's the spirit of the laws
_h7Yn21wjjg-00088-00021510-00021822 17:48 the ideas of the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00089-00021823-00022044 played a major role in inspiring the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00090-00022045-00022358 French Revolution which began in 1789
_h7Yn21wjjg-00091-00022359-00022618 after the Revolution the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00092-00022619-00022777 was followed by the intellectual
_h7Yn21wjjg-00093-00022778-00023550 movement known as Romanticism topic
_h7Yn21wjjg-00094-00023551-00023964 philosophy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00095-00023965-00024238 Rene Descartes rationalist philosophy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00096-00024239-00024415 laid the foundation for enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00097-00024416-00024634 thinking his attempt to construct the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00098-00024635-00024826 sciences on a secure metaphysical
_h7Yn21wjjg-00099-00024827-00025042 foundation was not as successful as his
_h7Yn21wjjg-00100-00025043-00025240 method at our applied in philosophic
_h7Yn21wjjg-00101-00025241-00025450 areas leading to a dualistic doctrine of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00102-00025451-00025725 mind and matter his skepticism was
_h7Yn21wjjg-00103-00025726-00025942 refined by John Locke's essay concerning
_h7Yn21wjjg-00104-00025943-00026272 human understanding 1690 and David Humes
_h7Yn21wjjg-00105-00026273-00026629 writings in the 1740s his dualism was
_h7Yn21wjjg-00106-00026630-00026830 challenged by Spinoza's uncompromising
_h7Yn21wjjg-00107-00026831-00027039 assertion of the unity of matter in his
_h7Yn21wjjg-00108-00027041-00027541 Tractatus 1670 and ethics 1677 these
_h7Yn21wjjg-00109-00027542-00027724 laid down two distinct lines of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00110-00027725-00027916 enlightenment thought first the moderate
_h7Yn21wjjg-00111-00027917-00028129 variety following Descartes Locke and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00112-00028130-00028204 Christian Wulff
_h7Yn21wjjg-00113-00028205-00028357 which sought accommodation between
_h7Yn21wjjg-00114-00028358-00028561 reform and the traditional systems of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00115-00028562-00028786 power and faith and second the radical
_h7Yn21wjjg-00116-00028787-00029002 enlightenment inspired by the philosophy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00117-00029002-00029175 of Spinoza advocating democracy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00118-00029176-00029443 individual liberty freedom of expression
_h7Yn21wjjg-00119-00029444-00029632 and eradication of religious authority
_h7Yn21wjjg-00120-00029633-00029887 the moderate variety tended to be
_h7Yn21wjjg-00121-00029888-00030100 deistic whereas the radical tendency
_h7Yn21wjjg-00122-00030101-00030319 separated the basis of morality entirely
_h7Yn21wjjg-00123-00030320-00030610 from theology both lines of thought were
_h7Yn21wjjg-00124-00030611-00030789 eventually opposed by a conservative
_h7Yn21wjjg-00125-00030791-00030973 counter Enlightenment which saw the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00126-00030974-00031297 return to faith in the mid 18th century
_h7Yn21wjjg-00127-00031298-00031537 Paris became the center of an explosion
_h7Yn21wjjg-00128-00031538-00031774 of philosophic and scientific activity
_h7Yn21wjjg-00129-00031775-00031951 challenging traditional doctrines and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00130-00031952-00032236 dogmas the philosophic movement was led
_h7Yn21wjjg-00131-00032237-00032439 by Voltaire and jean-jacques Rousseau
_h7Yn21wjjg-00132-00032441-00032664 who argued for a society based upon
_h7Yn21wjjg-00133-00032666-00032863 reason as in ancient Greece rather than
_h7Yn21wjjg-00134-00032864-00033058 faith in Catholic doctrine for a new
_h7Yn21wjjg-00135-00033059-00033298 civil order based on natural law and for
_h7Yn21wjjg-00136-00033299-00033463 science based on experiments and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00137-00033464-00033730 observation the political philosopher
_h7Yn21wjjg-00138-00033731-00033928 Montesquieu introduced the idea of a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00139-00033929-00034129 separation of powers in a government a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00140-00034130-00034315 concept which was enthusiastically
_h7Yn21wjjg-00141-00034316-00034515 adopted by the authors of the United
_h7Yn21wjjg-00142-00034516-00034744 States Constitution while the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00143-00034745-00034906 philosophies of the French enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00144-00034907-00035113 were not revolutionaries in many were
_h7Yn21wjjg-00145-00035114-00035305 members of the nobility their ideas
_h7Yn21wjjg-00146-00035306-00035482 played an important part in undermining
_h7Yn21wjjg-00147-00035483-00035713 the legitimacy of the old regime and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00148-00035714-00035914 shaping the French Revolution Francis
_h7Yn21wjjg-00149-00035915-00036136 Hutcheson a moral philosopher described
_h7Yn21wjjg-00150-00036137-00036331 the utilitarian and consequentialist
_h7Yn21wjjg-00151-00036332-00036508 principle that virtue is that which
_h7Yn21wjjg-00152-00036509-00036730 provides in his words the greatest
_h7Yn21wjjg-00153-00036731-00036924 happiness for the greatest number 'he's
_h7Yn21wjjg-00154-00036925-00037180 much of what is incorporated in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00155-00037181-00037339 scientific method the nature of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00156-00037340-00037531 knowledge evidence experience in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00157-00037532-00037708 causation and some modern attitudes
_h7Yn21wjjg-00158-00037709-00037924 towards the relationship between science
_h7Yn21wjjg-00159-00037925-00038077 and religion were developed by his
_h7Yn21wjjg-00160-00038078-00038407 prodigies David Hume and Adam Smith Hume
_h7Yn21wjjg-00161-00038408-00038605 became a major figure in the skeptical
_h7Yn21wjjg-00162-00038606-00038800 philosophical and empiricist traditions
_h7Yn21wjjg-00163-00038801-00039082 of philosophy Immanuel Kant
_h7Yn21wjjg-00164-00039083-00039400 17:24 to 1804 tried to reconcile
_h7Yn21wjjg-00165-00039401-00039565 rationalism and religious belief
_h7Yn21wjjg-00166-00039566-00039712 individual freedom and political
_h7Yn21wjjg-00167-00039713-00039946 authority as well as map out of view of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00168-00039947-00040126 the public sphere through private and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00169-00040127-00040402 public reason Kent's work continued to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00170-00040403-00040576 shape German thought and indeed all of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00171-00040577-00040804 European philosophy well into the 20th
_h7Yn21wjjg-00172-00040805-00041032 century Mary Wollstonecraft was one of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00173-00041033-00041232 England's earliest feminist philosophers
_h7Yn21wjjg-00174-00041233-00041548 she argued for a society based on reason
_h7Yn21wjjg-00175-00041549-00041721 and that women as well as men should be
_h7Yn21wjjg-00176-00041722-00042010 treated as rational beings she is best
_h7Yn21wjjg-00177-00042011-00042208 known for her work of vindication of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00178-00042209-00043431 Rights of Woman 1791 topic science
_h7Yn21wjjg-00179-00043432-00043645 science played an important role in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00180-00043646-00043882 enlightenment discourse and thought many
_h7Yn21wjjg-00181-00043883-00044068 Enlightenment writers and thinkers had
_h7Yn21wjjg-00182-00044069-00044221 backgrounds in the sciences and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00183-00044222-00044449 associated scientific advancement with
_h7Yn21wjjg-00184-00044450-00044584 the overthrow of religion and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00185-00044585-00044773 traditional authority in favour of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00186-00044774-00045006 development of free speech in thought
_h7Yn21wjjg-00187-00045007-00045205 scientific progress during the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00188-00045206-00045396 Enlightenment included the discovery of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00189-00045397-00045652 carbon dioxide fixed air by the chemist
_h7Yn21wjjg-00190-00045653-00045874 Joseph black the argument for deep time
_h7Yn21wjjg-00191-00045875-00046084 by the geologist James Hutton and the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00192-00046085-00046279 invention of the condensing steam engine
_h7Yn21wjjg-00193-00046280-00046531 by James Watt the experiments of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00194-00046532-00046735 Lavoisier were used to create the first
_h7Yn21wjjg-00195-00046736-00046945 modern chemical plants in Paris in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00196-00046946-00047110 experiments of the Montgolfier brothers
_h7Yn21wjjg-00197-00047111-00047350 enabled them to launch the first man fly
_h7Yn21wjjg-00198-00047351-00047569 in a hot-air balloon on the 21st of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00199-00047570-00047842 November 1783 from the Chateau de la
_h7Yn21wjjg-00200-00047843-00047887 nuit
_h7Yn21wjjg-00201-00047888-00048046 near the Bois de Boulogne broadly
_h7Yn21wjjg-00202-00048047-00048265 speaking enlightenment science greatly
_h7Yn21wjjg-00203-00048266-00048454 valued empiricism and rational thought
_h7Yn21wjjg-00204-00048455-00048625 and was embedded with the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00205-00048626-00048808 ideal of advancement in progress
_h7Yn21wjjg-00206-00048809-00049090 the study of science under the heading
_h7Yn21wjjg-00207-00049091-00049306 of natural philosophy was divided into
_h7Yn21wjjg-00208-00049307-00049492 physics and a conglomerate grouping of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00209-00049493-00049681 chemistry and Natural History which
_h7Yn21wjjg-00210-00049682-00049902 included Anatomy biology geology
_h7Yn21wjjg-00211-00049903-00050230 mineralogy and zoology as with most
_h7Yn21wjjg-00212-00050231-00050425 enlightenment views the benefits of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00213-00050426-00050617 science were not seen univer
_h7Yn21wjjg-00214-00050618-00050793 Rousseau criticized the sciences for
_h7Yn21wjjg-00215-00050794-00050982 distancing man from nature and not
_h7Yn21wjjg-00216-00050983-00051286 operating to make people happier science
_h7Yn21wjjg-00217-00051287-00051471 during the Enlightenment was dominated
_h7Yn21wjjg-00218-00051472-00051693 by scientific societies in academies
_h7Yn21wjjg-00219-00051694-00051921 which had largely replaced universities
_h7Yn21wjjg-00220-00051922-00052129 as centers of scientific research and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00221-00052129-00052431 development societies and academies were
_h7Yn21wjjg-00222-00052432-00052641 also the backbone of the maturation of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00223-00052642-00052879 the scientific perfection another
_h7Yn21wjjg-00224-00052879-00053025 important development was the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00225-00053026-00053221 popularization of science among an
_h7Yn21wjjg-00226-00053222-00053441 increasingly literate population
_h7Yn21wjjg-00227-00053442-00053674 philosophies introduced the public to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00228-00053675-00053890 many scientific theories most notably
_h7Yn21wjjg-00229-00053891-00054042 through the encyclopedia in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00230-00054044-00054253 popularization of Newtonian ism by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00231-00054254-00054543 Voltaire and Emilie du châtelet some
_h7Yn21wjjg-00232-00054544-00054762 historians have marked the 18th century
_h7Yn21wjjg-00233-00054763-00054930 as a drab period in the history of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00234-00054932-00055016 science
_h7Yn21wjjg-00235-00055017-00055293 however the century saw significant
_h7Yn21wjjg-00236-00055294-00055479 advancements in the practice of medicine
_h7Yn21wjjg-00237-00055479-00055725 mathematics and physics the development
_h7Yn21wjjg-00238-00055726-00055917 of biological taxonomy a new
_h7Yn21wjjg-00239-00055919-00056082 understanding of magnetism and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00240-00056083-00056275 electricity and the maturation of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00241-00056276-00056430 chemistry is a discipline which
_h7Yn21wjjg-00242-00056432-00056601 established the foundations of modern
_h7Yn21wjjg-00243-00056602-00056935 chemistry scientific academies in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00244-00056936-00057136 societies grew out of the Scientific
_h7Yn21wjjg-00245-00057137-00057354 Revolution as the creators of scientific
_h7Yn21wjjg-00246-00057355-00057496 knowledge in contrast to the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00247-00057497-00057796 scholasticism of the university during
_h7Yn21wjjg-00248-00057797-00058012 the Enlightenment some societies created
_h7Yn21wjjg-00249-00058013-00058228 or retained links to universities but
_h7Yn21wjjg-00250-00058229-00058396 contemporary sources distinguished
_h7Yn21wjjg-00251-00058397-00058636 universities from scientific societies
_h7Yn21wjjg-00252-00058637-00058804 by claiming that the universities
_h7Yn21wjjg-00253-00058804-00058978 utility was in the transmission of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00254-00058979-00059175 knowledge while societies function to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00255-00059176-00059388 create knowledge as the role of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00256-00059389-00059599 universities in institutionalized
_h7Yn21wjjg-00257-00059600-00059779 science began to diminish learned
_h7Yn21wjjg-00258-00059779-00059962 societies became the cornerstone of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00259-00059963-00060282 organized science official scientific
_h7Yn21wjjg-00260-00060283-00060492 societies were chartered by the state in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00261-00060494-00060713 order to provide technical expertise
_h7Yn21wjjg-00262-00060714-00060963 most societies were granted permission
_h7Yn21wjjg-00263-00060964-00061176 to oversee their own publications
_h7Yn21wjjg-00264-00061177-00061387 control the election of new members in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00265-00061388-00061674 the administration of this society after
_h7Yn21wjjg-00266-00061675-00061936 1700 a tremendous number of official
_h7Yn21wjjg-00267-00061937-00062146 academies in societies were founded in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00268-00062147-00062440 Europe and by 1789 there were over 70
_h7Yn21wjjg-00269-00062441-00062712 official scientific societies in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00270-00062713-00062907 reference to this growth Bernhard de
_h7Yn21wjjg-00271-00062908-00063112 fontanelle coined the term the age of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00272-00063113-00063397 academies to describe the 18th century
_h7Yn21wjjg-00273-00063398-00063604 the influence of science also began
_h7Yn21wjjg-00274-00063604-00063790 appearing more commonly in poetry and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00275-00063791-00063987 literature during the in la
_h7Yn21wjjg-00276-00063988-00064215 some poetry became infused with
_h7Yn21wjjg-00277-00064216-00064425 scientific metaphor and imagery while
_h7Yn21wjjg-00278-00064426-00064626 other poems were written directly about
_h7Yn21wjjg-00279-00064627-00064947 scientific topics Sir Richard Blackmore
_h7Yn21wjjg-00280-00064948-00065139 committed the Newtonian system to verse
_h7Yn21wjjg-00281-00065140-00065364 in creation a philosophical poem in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00282-00065365-00065729 seven books 1712 after Newton's death in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00283-00065730-00066006 1727 poems were composed in his honor
_h7Yn21wjjg-00284-00066007-00066465 for decades James Thomson 1702 1748
_h7Yn21wjjg-00285-00066466-00066723 Penny's poem to the memory of Newton
_h7Yn21wjjg-00286-00066724-00066990 which mourn the loss of Newton but also
_h7Yn21wjjg-00287-00066991-00067793 praised his science and legacy topic
_h7Yn21wjjg-00288-00067794-00068490 sociology economics and law human other
_h7Yn21wjjg-00289-00068491-00068640 Scottish Enlightenment thinkers
_h7Yn21wjjg-00290-00068641-00068931 developed her science of man which was
_h7Yn21wjjg-00291-00068932-00069114 expressed historically in works by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00292-00069115-00069324 authors including James Burnett Adam
_h7Yn21wjjg-00293-00069325-00069495 Ferguson John Miller and William
_h7Yn21wjjg-00294-00069496-00069657 Robertson all of whom merged a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00295-00069658-00069870 scientific study of how humans behaved
_h7Yn21wjjg-00296-00069871-00070059 in ancient and primitive cultures with a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00297-00070060-00070224 strong awareness of the determining
_h7Yn21wjjg-00298-00070225-00070530 forces of modernity modern sociology
_h7Yn21wjjg-00299-00070531-00070731 largely originated from this movement
_h7Yn21wjjg-00300-00070732-00070929 and Humes philosophical concepts that
_h7Yn21wjjg-00301-00070930-00071136 directly influenced James Madison and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00302-00071137-00071328 thus the US Constitution and as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00303-00071329-00071535 popularized by Dougal Stewart would be
_h7Yn21wjjg-00304-00071536-00071747 the basis of classical liberalism in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00305-00071748-00072024 1776 Adam Smith published the wealth of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00306-00072025-00072225 nations often considered the first work
_h7Yn21wjjg-00307-00072226-00072393 on modern economics as it had an
_h7Yn21wjjg-00308-00072394-00072549 immediate impact on British economic
_h7Yn21wjjg-00309-00072550-00072804 policy that continues into the 21st
_h7Yn21wjjg-00310-00072805-00073104 century it was immediately preceded and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00311-00073105-00073308 influenced by an robert shark Turgut
_h7Yn21wjjg-00312-00073309-00073521 Baron de Lorne drafts of reflections on
_h7Yn21wjjg-00313-00073522-00073710 the formation and distribution of wealth
_h7Yn21wjjg-00314-00073711-00074091 Paris 1766 Smith acknowledged
_h7Yn21wjjg-00315-00074092-00074262 indebtedness and possibly was the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00316-00074263-00074460 original English translator Cesare
_h7Yn21wjjg-00317-00074461-00074535 Beccaria
_h7Yn21wjjg-00318-00074536-00074781 a jurist criminologist philosopher and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00319-00074782-00074925 politician and one of the great
_h7Yn21wjjg-00320-00074926-00075132 enlightenment writers became famous for
_h7Yn21wjjg-00321-00075133-00075282 his masterpiece of crimes and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00322-00075283-00075591 punishments 1764 later translated into
_h7Yn21wjjg-00323-00075592-00075831 22 languages which condemned torture and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00324-00075832-00075990 the death penalty and was a founding
_h7Yn21wjjg-00325-00075991-00076179 work in the field of penology and the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00326-00076180-00076368 classical school of Criminology by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00327-00076369-00076629 promoting criminal justice another
_h7Yn21wjjg-00328-00076630-00076836 prominent intellectual was Francesco
_h7Yn21wjjg-00329-00076837-00077100 Mario Pagano who wrote important studies
_h7Yn21wjjg-00330-00077101-00077310 such as Sagi politicize political
_h7Yn21wjjg-00331-00077311-00077610 essays 1783 one of the major works of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00332-00077611-00077811 the Enlightenment in Naples and consider
_h7Yn21wjjg-00333-00077812-00078007 art Sione salt processor criminally
_h7Yn21wjjg-00334-00078008-00078221 considerations on the criminal trial
_h7Yn21wjjg-00335-00078222-00078465 1787 which established him as an
_h7Yn21wjjg-00336-00078466-00079169 international authority on criminal law
_h7Yn21wjjg-00337-00079170-00079815 topic politics the Enlightenment has
_h7Yn21wjjg-00338-00079816-00079994 long been hailed as the foundation of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00339-00079995-00080132 modern Western political and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00340-00080133-00080412 intellectual culture the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00341-00080413-00080600 brought political modernization to the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00342-00080601-00080838 West in terms of introducing democratic
_h7Yn21wjjg-00343-00080839-00081032 values and institutions in the creation
_h7Yn21wjjg-00344-00081033-00081315 of modern liberal democracies this
_h7Yn21wjjg-00345-00081316-00081506 thesis has been widely accepted by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00346-00081507-00081669 Anglophone scholars and has been
_h7Yn21wjjg-00347-00081670-00081894 reinforced by the large scale studies by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00348-00081895-00082092 Robert Darnton Roy Porter and most
_h7Yn21wjjg-00349-00082093-00082850 recently by Jonathan Israel topic
_h7Yn21wjjg-00350-00082851-00083432 theories of government John Locke one of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00351-00083433-00083604 the most influential Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00352-00083605-00083813 thinkers based his governance philosophy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00353-00083814-00084048 in social contract theory a subject that
_h7Yn21wjjg-00354-00084049-00084231 permeated Enlightenment political
_h7Yn21wjjg-00355-00084232-00084474 thought the English philosopher Thomas
_h7Yn21wjjg-00356-00084475-00084672 Hobbes uttered in this new debate with
_h7Yn21wjjg-00357-00084673-00085056 his work Leviathan in 1651 Hobbes also
_h7Yn21wjjg-00358-00085057-00085236 developed some of the fundamentals of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00359-00085237-00085431 European liberal for the right of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00360-00085432-00085638 individual the natural equality of all
_h7Yn21wjjg-00361-00085639-00085830 men the artificial character of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00362-00085831-00086013 political order which led to the later
_h7Yn21wjjg-00363-00086014-00086241 distinction between civil society in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00364-00086242-00086412 state the view that all legitimate
_h7Yn21wjjg-00365-00086413-00086649 political power must be representative
_h7Yn21wjjg-00366-00086650-00086853 and based on the consent of the people
_h7Yn21wjjg-00367-00086854-00087063 and a liberal interpretation of law
_h7Yn21wjjg-00368-00087064-00087251 which leaves people free to do whatever
_h7Yn21wjjg-00369-00087252-00087581 the Lord is not explicitly forbid both
_h7Yn21wjjg-00370-00087582-00087756 Locke and Rousseau developed social
_h7Yn21wjjg-00371-00087757-00087963 contract theories in two treatises of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00372-00087964-00088148 government and discourse on inequality
_h7Yn21wjjg-00373-00088149-00088446 respectively while quite different works
_h7Yn21wjjg-00374-00088447-00088662 blocked pubs and Rousseau agreed that a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00375-00088663-00088826 social contract in which the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00376-00088827-00088982 government's authority lies in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00377-00088983-00089172 consent of the government is necessary
_h7Yn21wjjg-00378-00089173-00089475 for man to live in civil society bloc
_h7Yn21wjjg-00379-00089476-00089646 defines the state of nature as a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00380-00089647-00089813 condition in which humans are rational
_h7Yn21wjjg-00381-00089814-00090060 and follow natural law in which all men
_h7Yn21wjjg-00382-00090061-00090213 are born equal and with the right to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00383-00090214-00090516 life liberty and property however when
_h7Yn21wjjg-00384-00090517-00090693 one citizen breaks the law of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00385-00090694-00090885 both the transgressor and the victim
_h7Yn21wjjg-00386-00090886-00091089 enter into a state of war from which it
_h7Yn21wjjg-00387-00091090-00091313 is virtually impossible to break free
_h7Yn21wjjg-00388-00091314-00091560 therefore Locke said that individuals
_h7Yn21wjjg-00389-00091561-00091752 enter into civil society to protect
_h7Yn21wjjg-00390-00091753-00091965 their natural rights fire an unbiased
_h7Yn21wjjg-00391-00091966-00092280 judge or common Authority such as courts
_h7Yn21wjjg-00392-00092281-00092387 to appeal to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00393-00092388-00092619 contrastingly Rousseau's conception
_h7Yn21wjjg-00394-00092620-00092865 relies on the supposition that civil man
_h7Yn21wjjg-00395-00092866-00093246 is corrupted while natural man has no
_h7Yn21wjjg-00396-00093247-00093507 one he cannot fulfill himself natural
_h7Yn21wjjg-00397-00093508-00093705 man is only taken out of the state of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00398-00093706-00093918 nature when the inequality associated
_h7Yn21wjjg-00399-00093919-00094118 with private property is established
_h7Yn21wjjg-00400-00094119-00094353 Rousseau said that people join into
_h7Yn21wjjg-00401-00094354-00094599 civil society via the social contract to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00402-00094600-00094740 achieve unity while preserving
_h7Yn21wjjg-00403-00094741-00095016 individual freedom this is embodied in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00404-00095017-00095187 the sovereignty of the general will the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00405-00095188-00095364 moral and collective legislative body
_h7Yn21wjjg-00406-00095365-00095697 constituted by citizens Locke is known
_h7Yn21wjjg-00407-00095698-00095877 for his statement that individuals have
_h7Yn21wjjg-00408-00095878-00096153 a right to life liberty and property and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00409-00096154-00096399 his belief that the natural right to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00410-00096400-00096684 property is derived from labor tutored
_h7Yn21wjjg-00411-00096685-00096924 by Locke Anthony Ashley Cooper 3rd Earl
_h7Yn21wjjg-00412-00096925-00097233 of Shaftesbury wrote in 1706 there is a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00413-00097234-00097461 mighty light which spreads itself over
_h7Yn21wjjg-00414-00097462-00097671 the world especially in those two free
_h7Yn21wjjg-00415-00097672-00097887 nations of England and Holland on whom
_h7Yn21wjjg-00416-00097888-00098226 the affairs of Europe now turn Locke's
_h7Yn21wjjg-00417-00098227-00098430 theory of natural rights has influenced
_h7Yn21wjjg-00418-00098431-00098631 many political documents including the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00419-00098632-00098790 United States Declaration of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00420-00098791-00098970 Independence and the French National
_h7Yn21wjjg-00421-00098971-00099171 Constituent Assembly's Declaration of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00422-00099172-00099456 the Rights of Man and of the citizen the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00423-00099457-00099597 philosophies argued that the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00424-00099598-00099810 establishment of a contractual basis of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00425-00099811-00099945 Rights would lead to the market
_h7Yn21wjjg-00426-00099946-00100173 mechanism and capitalism the scientific
_h7Yn21wjjg-00427-00100174-00100341 method religious tolerance and the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00428-00100342-00100509 organization of states into
_h7Yn21wjjg-00429-00100510-00100659 self-governing Republic's through
_h7Yn21wjjg-00430-00100660-00100935 democratic means in this view the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00431-00100936-00101091 tendency of the philosophies in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00432-00101092-00101325 particular to apply rationality to every
_h7Yn21wjjg-00433-00101326-00101493 problem is considered the essential
_h7Yn21wjjg-00434-00101494-00101679 change although much of enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00435-00101680-00101838 political thought was dominated by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00436-00101839-00102066 social contract theorists both David
_h7Yn21wjjg-00437-00102067-00102267 Hume and Adam Ferguson criticized this
_h7Yn21wjjg-00438-00102268-00102319 camp
_h7Yn21wjjg-00439-00102320-00102579 Humes essay of the original contract
_h7Yn21wjjg-00440-00102580-00102750 argues that governments derived from
_h7Yn21wjjg-00441-00102751-00102935 consent are rarely seen and civil
_h7Yn21wjjg-00442-00102936-00103094 government is grounded in a rule as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00443-00103095-00103371 habitual Authority and force it is
_h7Yn21wjjg-00444-00103372-00103530 precisely because of the rulers
_h7Yn21wjjg-00445-00103531-00103725 authority over and against the subject
_h7Yn21wjjg-00446-00103726-00103914 that the subject tacitly consents and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00447-00103915-00104079 Hume says that the subjects were
_h7Yn21wjjg-00448-00104080-00104289 never imagined that their consent made
_h7Yn21wjjg-00449-00104290-00104541 him sovereign rather the authority did
_h7Yn21wjjg-00450-00104542-00104589 sir
_h7Yn21wjjg-00451-00104590-00104790 similarly Ferguson did not believe
_h7Yn21wjjg-00452-00104791-00105006 citizens build the state rather polities
_h7Yn21wjjg-00453-00105007-00105293 grew out of social development in his
_h7Yn21wjjg-00454-00105294-00105576 1767 an essay on the history of civil
_h7Yn21wjjg-00455-00105577-00105816 society Ferguson uses the fourth stages
_h7Yn21wjjg-00456-00105817-00106020 of progress a theory that was very
_h7Yn21wjjg-00457-00106021-00106215 popular in Scotland at the time to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00458-00106216-00106398 explain how humans advanced from a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00459-00106399-00106569 hunting and gathering society to a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00460-00106570-00106770 commercial and civil society without
_h7Yn21wjjg-00461-00106771-00107199 signing a social contract both Rousseau
_h7Yn21wjjg-00462-00107200-00107424 unlocks social contract theories rest on
_h7Yn21wjjg-00463-00107425-00107591 the presupposition of natural rights
_h7Yn21wjjg-00464-00107592-00107786 which are not a result of law or custom
_h7Yn21wjjg-00465-00107788-00107973 but are things that all men have in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00466-00107974-00108144 pre-political societies and are
_h7Yn21wjjg-00467-00108145-00108414 therefore universal and inalienable the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00468-00108415-00108608 most famous natural right formulation
_h7Yn21wjjg-00469-00108609-00108804 comes from John Locke in his second
_h7Yn21wjjg-00470-00108805-00108999 treatise when he introduces the state of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00471-00109000-00109281 nature for Locke the law of nature is
_h7Yn21wjjg-00472-00109282-00109524 grounded on mutual security or the idea
_h7Yn21wjjg-00473-00109525-00109704 that one cannot infringe on another's
_h7Yn21wjjg-00474-00109705-00109938 natural rights as every man is equal and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00475-00109939-00110202 has the same inalienable rights these
_h7Yn21wjjg-00476-00110203-00110427 natural rights include perfect equality
_h7Yn21wjjg-00477-00110428-00110598 and freedom as well as the right to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00478-00110599-00110871 preserve life and property Locke also
_h7Yn21wjjg-00479-00110872-00111072 argued against slavery on the basis that
_h7Yn21wjjg-00480-00111073-00111282 enslaving yourself goes against the law
_h7Yn21wjjg-00481-00111283-00111441 of nature because you cannot surrender
_h7Yn21wjjg-00482-00111442-00111669 your own rights your freedom is absolute
_h7Yn21wjjg-00483-00111670-00111863 and no one can take it from you
_h7Yn21wjjg-00484-00111864-00112083 additionally Locke argues that one
_h7Yn21wjjg-00485-00112083-00112293 person cannot enslave another because it
_h7Yn21wjjg-00486-00112294-00112473 is morally reprehensible although he
_h7Yn21wjjg-00487-00112474-00112665 introduces a caveat by saying that
_h7Yn21wjjg-00488-00112666-00112869 enslavement of a lawful captive in time
_h7Yn21wjjg-00489-00112870-00113025 of war would not go against one's
_h7Yn21wjjg-00490-00113026-00113340 natural rights as a spillover of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00491-00113341-00113508 Enlightenment non secular beliefs
_h7Yn21wjjg-00492-00113508-00113715 expressed first by Quakers and then by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00493-00113716-00113916 Protestant evangelicals in Britain and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00494-00113917-00114168 the United States emerged to these
_h7Yn21wjjg-00495-00114169-00114444 groups slavery became repugnant to our
_h7Yn21wjjg-00496-00114445-00114756 religion and a crime in the sight of God
_h7Yn21wjjg-00497-00114757-00115034 these ideas added to those expressed by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00498-00115035-00115229 Enlightenment thinkers leading many in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00499-00115230-00115454 Britain to believe that slavery was not
_h7Yn21wjjg-00500-00115455-00115647 only morally wrong and economically
_h7Yn21wjjg-00501-00115648-00115875 inefficient but also politically unwise
_h7Yn21wjjg-00502-00115876-00116238 as these notions gained more adherents
_h7Yn21wjjg-00503-00116239-00116376 Britain was forced to end its
_h7Yn21wjjg-00504-00116377-00117179 participation in the slave trade topic
_h7Yn21wjjg-00505-00117180-00117719 enlightened absolutism the leaders of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00506-00117720-00117851 the Enlightenment were not especially
_h7Yn21wjjg-00507-00117852-00118070 democratic as they more often look to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00508-00118071-00118280 absolute monarchs as the key to imposing
_h7Yn21wjjg-00509-00118281-00118536 reforms designed by the intellectuals
_h7Yn21wjjg-00510-00118538-00118810 Voltaire despised democracy and said the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00511-00118811-00119015 absolute monarch must be enlightened and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00512-00119016-00119192 must act as dictated by reason and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00513-00119193-00119458 justice in other words via philosopher
_h7Yn21wjjg-00514-00119459-00119836 King in several nations rulers welcomed
_h7Yn21wjjg-00515-00119838-00120002 leaders of the Enlightenment that caught
_h7Yn21wjjg-00516-00120003-00120188 and asked them to help design laws and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00517-00120189-00120395 programs to reform the system typically
_h7Yn21wjjg-00518-00120396-00120665 to build stronger States these rulers
_h7Yn21wjjg-00519-00120666-00120934 are called enlightened despots by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00520-00120935-00121019 historians
_h7Yn21wjjg-00521-00121020-00121199 they included Frederick the Great of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00522-00121200-00121370 Prussia Catherine the Great of Russia
_h7Yn21wjjg-00523-00121371-00121684 leopold ii of tuscany and joseph ii of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00524-00121685-00121973 austria joseph was over enthusiastic
_h7Yn21wjjg-00525-00121974-00122195 announcing many reforms that had little
_h7Yn21wjjg-00526-00122196-00122396 support so that revolts broke out and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00527-00122397-00122608 his regime became a comedy of errors and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00528-00122609-00122821 nearly all his programs were reversed
_h7Yn21wjjg-00529-00122822-00123098 senior ministers Pombal in Portugal and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00530-00123099-00123296 Johann Friedrich struensee in Denmark
_h7Yn21wjjg-00531-00123297-00123488 also governed according to enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00532-00123489-00123830 ideals in Poland the model constitution
_h7Yn21wjjg-00533-00123831-00124106 of 1791 expressed in London and ideals
_h7Yn21wjjg-00534-00124107-00124280 but was in effect for only one year
_h7Yn21wjjg-00535-00124281-00124483 before the nation was partitioned among
_h7Yn21wjjg-00536-00124484-00124733 its neighbors more enduring were the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00537-00124733-00124933 cultural achievements which created a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00538-00124934-00125141 nationalist spirit in Poland Frederick
_h7Yn21wjjg-00539-00125142-00125390 the great the key of Prussia from 1740
_h7Yn21wjjg-00540-00125391-00125690 to 1786 saw himself as a leader of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00541-00125691-00125822 Enlightenment and patronized
_h7Yn21wjjg-00542-00125823-00126029 philosophers and scientists at his court
_h7Yn21wjjg-00543-00126030-00126286 in Berlin Voltaire who had been
_h7Yn21wjjg-00544-00126288-00126470 imprisoned and maltreated by the French
_h7Yn21wjjg-00545-00126471-00126620 government was eager to accept
_h7Yn21wjjg-00546-00126621-00126800 Frederick's invitation to live at his
_h7Yn21wjjg-00547-00126801-00126883 palace
_h7Yn21wjjg-00548-00126883-00127145 Frederick explained my principal
_h7Yn21wjjg-00549-00127146-00127379 occupation is to combat ignorant and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00550-00127380-00127820 prejudiced to enlighten Minds cultivate
_h7Yn21wjjg-00551-00127821-00128063 morality and to make people as happy as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00552-00128064-00128288 it suits human nature and as the means
_h7Yn21wjjg-00553-00128289-00129136 at my disposal permit topic French
_h7Yn21wjjg-00554-00129138-00129685 Revolution the Enlightenment has been
_h7Yn21wjjg-00555-00129686-00129824 frequently linked to the French
_h7Yn21wjjg-00556-00129825-00130159 Revolution of 1789 one view of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00557-00130160-00130307 political changes that occurred during
_h7Yn21wjjg-00558-00130308-00130568 the Enlightenment is that the consent of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00559-00130569-00130825 govern'd philosophy is delineate it by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00560-00130826-00131098 lock in two treatises of government 1689
_h7Yn21wjjg-00561-00131099-00131324 represented a paradigm shift from the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00562-00131325-00131500 old governance paradigm under feudalism
_h7Yn21wjjg-00563-00131501-00131819 known as the Divine Right of Kings in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00564-00131820-00132046 this view the revolutions of the late
_h7Yn21wjjg-00565-00132047-00132349 1700s and early 1800s were caused by the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00566-00132350-00132550 fact that this governance paradigm shift
_h7Yn21wjjg-00567-00132551-00132700 often could not be resolved peacefully
_h7Yn21wjjg-00568-00132701-00132925 and therefore violent revolution was the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00569-00132926-00133196 result clearly a governance philosophy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00570-00133197-00133363 where the king was never wrong was in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00571-00133364-00133508 direct conflict with one whereby
_h7Yn21wjjg-00572-00133509-00133741 citizens by natural law had to consent
_h7Yn21wjjg-00573-00133742-00133883 to the acts and rulings of their
_h7Yn21wjjg-00574-00133884-00134132 government Alexis de Tocqueville
_h7Yn21wjjg-00575-00134133-00134338 proposed the French Revolution as the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00576-00134339-00134503 inevitable result of the radical
_h7Yn21wjjg-00577-00134504-00134689 opposition created in the 18th century
_h7Yn21wjjg-00578-00134690-00134878 between the monarchy and the men of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00579-00134879-00135119 letters of the Enlightenment these men
_h7Yn21wjjg-00580-00135120-00135293 of letters constituted a sort of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00581-00135294-00135553 substitute aristocracy that was both
_h7Yn21wjjg-00582-00135554-00135889 all-powerful and without real power this
_h7Yn21wjjg-00583-00135890-00136094 illusory power came from the rise of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00584-00136095-00136385 public opinion born when absolutist
_h7Yn21wjjg-00585-00136386-00136607 centralization removed the nobility in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00586-00136608-00136750 the bourgeoisie from the political
_h7Yn21wjjg-00587-00136751-00137147 sphere the literary politics that
_h7Yn21wjjg-00588-00137148-00137321 resulted promoted a discourse of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00589-00137322-00137515 equality and was hence in fundamental
_h7Yn21wjjg-00590-00137516-00137795 opposition to the monarchical regime de
_h7Yn21wjjg-00591-00137796-00138187 Tocqueville clearly designates the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00592-00138188-00138407 cultural effects of transformation in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00593-00138408-00139193 the forms of the exercise of power
_h7Yn21wjjg-00594-00139194-00139665 topic religion
_h7Yn21wjjg-00595-00139666-00139938 enliven Mandira religious commentary was
_h7Yn21wjjg-00596-00139939-00140142 a response to the preceding century of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00597-00140143-00140355 religious conflict in Europe especially
_h7Yn21wjjg-00598-00140356-00140646 the 30 Years War theologians of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00599-00140647-00140817 Enlightenment wanted to reform their
_h7Yn21wjjg-00600-00140818-00140939 faith - it's generally
_h7Yn21wjjg-00601-00140940-00141132 non-confrontational roots and to limit
_h7Yn21wjjg-00602-00141133-00141336 the capacity for religious controversy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00603-00141337-00141546 to spill over into politics and warfare
_h7Yn21wjjg-00604-00141547-00141753 while still maintaining a true faith in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00605-00141754-00142047 God for moderate Christians this meant a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00606-00142048-00142272 return to simple scripture John Locke
_h7Yn21wjjg-00607-00142273-00142434 abandoned the corpus of theological
_h7Yn21wjjg-00608-00142435-00142691 commentary in favor of an unprejudiced
_h7Yn21wjjg-00609-00142692-00143001 examination of the Word of God alone he
_h7Yn21wjjg-00610-00143002-00143181 determined the essence of Christianity
_h7Yn21wjjg-00611-00143182-00143337 to be a belief in Christ the Redeemer
_h7Yn21wjjg-00612-00143338-00143553 and recommended avoiding more detailed
_h7Yn21wjjg-00613-00143554-00143835 debate in the Jefferson Bible Thomas
_h7Yn21wjjg-00614-00143836-00144012 Jefferson went further and dropped any
_h7Yn21wjjg-00615-00144013-00144171 passages dealing with miracles
_h7Yn21wjjg-00616-00144172-00144345 visitations of angels and the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00617-00144346-00144558 resurrection of Jesus after his death as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00618-00144559-00144738 he tried to extract the practical
_h7Yn21wjjg-00619-00144739-00144876 Christian moral code of the New
_h7Yn21wjjg-00620-00144877-00145074 Testament Enlightenment scholars sought
_h7Yn21wjjg-00621-00145075-00145239 to curtail the political power of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00622-00145240-00145428 organized religion and thereby prevent
_h7Yn21wjjg-00623-00145429-00145655 another age of intolerant religious war
_h7Yn21wjjg-00624-00145656-00145926 Spinoza determined to remove politics
_h7Yn21wjjg-00625-00145927-00146079 from contemporary and historical
_h7Yn21wjjg-00626-00146080-00146372 theology eg disregarding Judaic law
_h7Yn21wjjg-00627-00146373-00146637 Moses Mendelssohn advised affording no
_h7Yn21wjjg-00628-00146638-00146814 political wake to any organized religion
_h7Yn21wjjg-00629-00146815-00147054 but instead recommended that each person
_h7Yn21wjjg-00630-00147055-00147237 follow what they found most convincing
_h7Yn21wjjg-00631-00147238-00147498 they believed a good religion based in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00632-00147499-00147675 instinctive morals and a belief in God
_h7Yn21wjjg-00633-00147676-00147879 should not theoretically need force to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00634-00147880-00148092 maintain order in its believers and both
_h7Yn21wjjg-00635-00148093-00148296 Mendelssohn and Spinoza judged religion
_h7Yn21wjjg-00636-00148297-00148497 on its moral fruits not the logic of its
_h7Yn21wjjg-00637-00148498-00148728 theology a number of novel ideas about
_h7Yn21wjjg-00638-00148729-00148851 religion developed with the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00639-00148852-00149055 Enlightenment including deism and talk
_h7Yn21wjjg-00640-00149056-00149325 of atheism according to Thomas Paine
_h7Yn21wjjg-00641-00149326-00149544 deism is the simple belief in God the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00642-00149545-00149733 Creator with no reference to the Bible
_h7Yn21wjjg-00643-00149734-00150051 or any other miraculous source instead
_h7Yn21wjjg-00644-00150052-00150246 the diced relies solely on personal
_h7Yn21wjjg-00645-00150247-00150420 reason to guide his Creed which was
_h7Yn21wjjg-00646-00150421-00150600 eminently agreeable to many thinkers of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00647-00150601-00150921 the time atheism was much discussed but
_h7Yn21wjjg-00648-00150922-00151137 there were few proponents Wilson and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00649-00151138-00151407 real note in fact very few enlightened
_h7Yn21wjjg-00650-00151408-00151617 intellectuals even when they were vocal
_h7Yn21wjjg-00651-00151618-00151830 critics of Christianity were true
_h7Yn21wjjg-00652-00151831-00152148 atheists rather they were critics of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00653-00152149-00152361 Orthodox belief where did rather de
_h7Yn21wjjg-00654-00152362-00152589 skepticism TASM vitalism
_h7Yn21wjjg-00655-00152590-00152799 or perhaps pantheism
_h7Yn21wjjg-00656-00152800-00153038 some followed Pierre Bayle and argued
_h7Yn21wjjg-00657-00153039-00153226 that atheists could indeed be moral men
_h7Yn21wjjg-00658-00153227-00153491 many others like Voltaire held that
_h7Yn21wjjg-00659-00153492-00153653 without belief in a God who punishes
_h7Yn21wjjg-00660-00153654-00153890 evil the moral order of society was
_h7Yn21wjjg-00661-00153891-00154175 undermined that is since atheists gave
_h7Yn21wjjg-00662-00154176-00154388 themselves to no supreme authority and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00663-00154389-00154574 no law and had no fear of eternal
_h7Yn21wjjg-00664-00154575-00154761 consequences they were far more likely
_h7Yn21wjjg-00665-00154762-00155249 to disrupt society bail 1647 to 1706
_h7Yn21wjjg-00666-00155250-00155499 observed that in his day prudent persons
_h7Yn21wjjg-00667-00155500-00155709 will always maintain an appearance of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00668-00155710-00155931 religion and he believed that even
_h7Yn21wjjg-00669-00155932-00156108 atheists could hold concepts of honor
_h7Yn21wjjg-00670-00156109-00156318 and go beyond their own self-interest to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00671-00156319-00156624 create an interacting society Bloch said
_h7Yn21wjjg-00672-00156625-00156800 that if there were no God and no divine
_h7Yn21wjjg-00673-00156801-00156981 law the result would be moral Anarchy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00674-00156982-00157218 every individual could have no law but
_h7Yn21wjjg-00675-00157219-00157511 his own will no end but himself he would
_h7Yn21wjjg-00676-00157512-00157734 be a god to himself and the satisfaction
_h7Yn21wjjg-00677-00157735-00157908 of his own will the sole measure and end
_h7Yn21wjjg-00678-00157909-00158685 of all his actions topic separation of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00679-00158686-00159258 church and state the radical
_h7Yn21wjjg-00680-00159259-00159507 enlightenment promoted the concept of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00681-00159508-00159737 separating church and state an idea that
_h7Yn21wjjg-00682-00159738-00159897 is often credited to english philosopher
_h7Yn21wjjg-00683-00159898-00160361 john locke 1632 to 1704 according to his
_h7Yn21wjjg-00684-00160362-00160569 principle of the social contract Locke
_h7Yn21wjjg-00685-00160570-00160686 said that the government lacked
_h7Yn21wjjg-00686-00160687-00160860 authority in the realm of individual
_h7Yn21wjjg-00687-00160861-00161003 conscience as this was something
_h7Yn21wjjg-00688-00161004-00161189 rational people could not see to the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00689-00161190-00161373 government for it or others to control
_h7Yn21wjjg-00690-00161374-00161636 for Locke this created a natural right
_h7Yn21wjjg-00691-00161637-00161808 in the liberty of conscience which he
_h7Yn21wjjg-00692-00161809-00161958 said must therefore remain protected
_h7Yn21wjjg-00693-00161959-00162258 from any government authority these
_h7Yn21wjjg-00694-00162259-00162440 views on religious tolerance and the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00695-00162441-00162609 importance of individual conscience
_h7Yn21wjjg-00696-00162610-00162819 along with the social contract became
_h7Yn21wjjg-00697-00162820-00163032 particularly influential in the American
_h7Yn21wjjg-00698-00163033-00163229 colonies and the drafting of the United
_h7Yn21wjjg-00699-00163230-00163509 States Constitution Thomas Jefferson
_h7Yn21wjjg-00700-00163510-00163746 called for a wall of separation between
_h7Yn21wjjg-00701-00163747-00164058 church and state at the federal level he
_h7Yn21wjjg-00702-00164059-00164252 previously had supported successful
_h7Yn21wjjg-00703-00164253-00164414 efforts to disestablish the Church of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00704-00164415-00164598 England in Virginia an author the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00705-00164599-00164827 Virginia statute for religious freedom
_h7Yn21wjjg-00706-00164828-00165048 Jefferson's political ideals were
_h7Yn21wjjg-00707-00165049-00165231 greatly influenced by the writings of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00708-00165232-00165447 John Locke Francis Bacon and Isaac
_h7Yn21wjjg-00709-00165448-00165614 Newton whom he considered the three
_h7Yn21wjjg-00710-00165615-00166265 greatest men that ever lived
_h7Yn21wjjg-00711-00166266-00166920 topic national variations the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00712-00166921-00167145 Enlightenment took hold in most European
_h7Yn21wjjg-00713-00167146-00167364 countries often with a specific local
_h7Yn21wjjg-00714-00167365-00167697 emphasis for example in France it became
_h7Yn21wjjg-00715-00167698-00167913 associated with anti-government and anti
_h7Yn21wjjg-00716-00167914-00168132 Church radicalism while in Germany it
_h7Yn21wjjg-00717-00168133-00168300 reached deep into the middle classes
_h7Yn21wjjg-00718-00168301-00168501 where it expressed a spiritualistic and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00719-00168502-00168672 nationalistic tone without threatening
_h7Yn21wjjg-00720-00168673-00168869 governments or established churches
_h7Yn21wjjg-00721-00168870-00169176 government responses varied widely in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00722-00169177-00169392 France the government was hostile and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00723-00169393-00169548 the philosophies fought against it
_h7Yn21wjjg-00724-00169549-00169764 censorship sometimes being imprisoned or
_h7Yn21wjjg-00725-00169765-00170004 hounded into exile the British
_h7Yn21wjjg-00726-00170005-00170217 government for the most part ignored the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00727-00170218-00170391 Enlightenment leaders in England and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00728-00170392-00170571 Scotland although it did give Isaac
_h7Yn21wjjg-00729-00170572-00170727 Newton a knighthood in a very lucrative
_h7Yn21wjjg-00730-00170728-00172145 government office topic Great Britain
_h7Yn21wjjg-00731-00172146-00172761 topic England the very existence of an
_h7Yn21wjjg-00732-00172762-00172920 English enlightenment has been hotly
_h7Yn21wjjg-00733-00172921-00173214 debated by scholars the majority of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00734-00173215-00173433 textbooks on British history make little
_h7Yn21wjjg-00735-00173434-00173568 or no mention of an English
_h7Yn21wjjg-00736-00173569-00173853 enlightenment some surveys of the entire
_h7Yn21wjjg-00737-00173854-00174054 Enlightenment include England and others
_h7Yn21wjjg-00738-00174055-00174222 ignore it although they do include
_h7Yn21wjjg-00739-00174223-00174447 coverage of such major intellectuals as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00740-00174448-00174684 Joseph Addison Edward Gibbon John Locke
_h7Yn21wjjg-00741-00174685-00174924 Isaac Newton Alexander Pope Joshua
_h7Yn21wjjg-00742-00174925-00175215 Reynolds and Jonathan Swift Roy Porter
_h7Yn21wjjg-00743-00175216-00175407 argues that the reasons for this neglect
_h7Yn21wjjg-00744-00175408-00175572 were the assumptions that the movement
_h7Yn21wjjg-00745-00175573-00175761 was primarily French inspired that it
_h7Yn21wjjg-00746-00175762-00175980 was largely a religious or anti-clerical
_h7Yn21wjjg-00747-00175981-00176172 and that it stood in outspoken defiance
_h7Yn21wjjg-00748-00176173-00176312 to the established order
_h7Yn21wjjg-00749-00176313-00176589 Porter admits that after the 1720s
_h7Yn21wjjg-00750-00176590-00176817 England could claim fingers to equal
_h7Yn21wjjg-00751-00176818-00177159 Dyer Oh Voltaire or Rousseau however its
_h7Yn21wjjg-00752-00177160-00177348 leading intellectuals such as Edward
_h7Yn21wjjg-00753-00177349-00177567 Gibbon Edmund Burke and Samuel Johnson
_h7Yn21wjjg-00754-00177568-00177720 were all quite conservative and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00755-00177721-00177990 supportive of the standing order Porter
_h7Yn21wjjg-00756-00177991-00178152 says the reason was that enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00757-00178153-00178326 had come early to England and had
_h7Yn21wjjg-00758-00178327-00178503 succeeded so that the culture had
_h7Yn21wjjg-00759-00178504-00178652 accepted political liberalism
_h7Yn21wjjg-00760-00178653-00178884 philosophical empiricism and religious
_h7Yn21wjjg-00761-00178885-00179010 toleration of the sort that
_h7Yn21wjjg-00762-00179011-00179196 intellectuals on the continent had to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00763-00179197-00179489 fight for against powerful odds further
_h7Yn21wjjg-00764-00179490-00179678 more england rejected the collectivism
_h7Yn21wjjg-00765-00179679-00179852 of the continent and emphasized the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00766-00179853-00180038 improvement of individuals as the main
_h7Yn21wjjg-00767-00180039-00181097 goal of enlightenment topic Scotland in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00768-00181098-00181289 the Scottish enlightenment Scotland's
_h7Yn21wjjg-00769-00181290-00181494 major cities created an intellectual
_h7Yn21wjjg-00770-00181495-00181695 infrastructure of mutually supporting
_h7Yn21wjjg-00771-00181696-00181837 institutions such as universities
_h7Yn21wjjg-00772-00181838-00182169 reading societies libraries periodicals
_h7Yn21wjjg-00773-00182170-00182483 museums and Masonic lodges a Scottish
_h7Yn21wjjg-00774-00182484-00182708 Network was predominantly liberal
_h7Yn21wjjg-00775-00182709-00182996 Calvinist Newtonian and design oriented
_h7Yn21wjjg-00776-00182997-00183215 in character which played a major role
_h7Yn21wjjg-00777-00183216-00183404 in the further development of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00778-00183405-00183725 transatlantic enlightenment in France
_h7Yn21wjjg-00779-00183726-00183971 Voltaire said that we look to Scotland
_h7Yn21wjjg-00780-00183972-00184289 for all our ideas of civilization the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00781-00184290-00184431 focus of the Scottish enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00782-00184432-00184613 ranged from intellectual and economic
_h7Yn21wjjg-00783-00184614-00184850 matters to the specifically scientific
_h7Yn21wjjg-00784-00184851-00184995 as in the work of William Cullen
_h7Yn21wjjg-00785-00184996-00185232 physician and chemist James Anderson an
_h7Yn21wjjg-00786-00185233-00185462 agronomist Joseph black physicist and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00787-00185463-00185648 chemist and James Hardin the first
_h7Yn21wjjg-00788-00185649-00186743 modern geologist topic American colonies
_h7Yn21wjjg-00789-00186744-00187028 several Americans especially Benjamin
_h7Yn21wjjg-00790-00187029-00187218 Franklin and Thomas Jefferson played a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00791-00187219-00187412 major role in bringing Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00792-00187413-00187569 ideas to the new world and in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00793-00187570-00187801 influencing British and French thinkers
_h7Yn21wjjg-00794-00187802-00188024 Franklin was influential for his
_h7Yn21wjjg-00795-00188025-00188234 political activism and for his advances
_h7Yn21wjjg-00796-00188235-00188544 in physics the cultural exchange during
_h7Yn21wjjg-00797-00188545-00188711 the Age of Enlightenment ran in both
_h7Yn21wjjg-00798-00188712-00189002 directions across the Atlantic thinkers
_h7Yn21wjjg-00799-00189003-00189200 such as pain Locke and Rousseau all
_h7Yn21wjjg-00800-00189201-00189428 taped Native American cultural practices
_h7Yn21wjjg-00801-00189429-00189698 as examples of natural freedom the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00802-00189699-00189906 Americans closely followed English and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00803-00189907-00190131 Scottish political ideas as well as some
_h7Yn21wjjg-00804-00190132-00190354 French thinkers such as Montesquieu as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00805-00190355-00190628 duyst's they were influenced by ideas of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00806-00190629-00190995 John Toland 1672 1722 and Matthew
_h7Yn21wjjg-00807-00190996-00191418 Tyndall 1656 to 1733 during the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00808-00191419-00191573 Enlightenment there was a great emphasis
_h7Yn21wjjg-00809-00191574-00191837 upon Liberty republicanism and religious
_h7Yn21wjjg-00810-00191838-00192096 tolerance there was no respect for
_h7Yn21wjjg-00811-00192097-00192282 monarchy or inherited political power
_h7Yn21wjjg-00812-00192283-00192557 busts reconciled science and religion by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00813-00192558-00192752 rejecting prophecies miracles and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00814-00192753-00192895 biblical theology
_h7Yn21wjjg-00815-00192896-00193149 leading duyst's included Thomas Paine in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00816-00193150-00193308 the age of reason and by Thomas
_h7Yn21wjjg-00817-00193309-00193519 Jefferson in his short Jefferson Bible
_h7Yn21wjjg-00818-00193520-00193732 from which all supernatural aspects were
_h7Yn21wjjg-00819-00193733-00194910 removed topic German states Prussia took
_h7Yn21wjjg-00820-00194911-00195082 the lead among the German states in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00821-00195083-00195264 sponsoring the political reforms that
_h7Yn21wjjg-00822-00195265-00195447 Enlightenment thinkers urged absolute
_h7Yn21wjjg-00823-00195448-00195699 rulers to adopt there were important
_h7Yn21wjjg-00824-00195700-00195870 movements as well in the smaller states
_h7Yn21wjjg-00825-00195871-00196101 of Bavaria Saxony Hanover and the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00826-00196102-00196398 Palatinate in each case enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00827-00196399-00196587 values became accepted and led to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00828-00196588-00196733 significant political and administrative
_h7Yn21wjjg-00829-00196734-00196959 reforms that laid the groundwork for the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00830-00196960-00197247 creation of modern states the princes of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00831-00197248-00197470 Saxony for example carried out an
_h7Yn21wjjg-00832-00197471-00197679 impressive series of fundamental fiscal
_h7Yn21wjjg-00833-00197680-00197901 administrative judicial educational
_h7Yn21wjjg-00834-00197902-00198122 cultural and general economic reforms
_h7Yn21wjjg-00835-00198123-00198394 the reforms were aided by the country's
_h7Yn21wjjg-00836-00198395-00198582 strong urban structure and influential
_h7Yn21wjjg-00837-00198583-00198804 commercial groups and modernised pre won
_h7Yn21wjjg-00838-00198805-00199002 seven eight-nine Saxony along the lines
_h7Yn21wjjg-00839-00199003-00199223 of classic enlightenment principles
_h7Yn21wjjg-00840-00199224-00199563 before 1750 the German upper classes
_h7Yn21wjjg-00841-00199564-00199744 looked to France for intellectual
_h7Yn21wjjg-00842-00199745-00199953 cultural and architectural leadership as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00843-00199954-00200162 French was the language of high society
_h7Yn21wjjg-00844-00200163-00200482 by the mid 18th century the al-qur'an
_h7Yn21wjjg-00845-00200483-00200691 the Enlightenment had transformed German
_h7Yn21wjjg-00846-00200692-00200937 high culture in music philosophy science
_h7Yn21wjjg-00847-00200938-00201338 and literature Christian Wulff 1679 to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00848-00201339-00201615 1754 was the pioneer as a writer who
_h7Yn21wjjg-00849-00201616-00201804 expanded the Enlightenment to German
_h7Yn21wjjg-00850-00201805-00201978 readers and legitimized German as a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00851-00201979-00202170 philosophic language Johann Gottfried
_h7Yn21wjjg-00852-00202171-00202543 von herder 1744 to 1803 broke new ground
_h7Yn21wjjg-00853-00202544-00202795 in philosophy and poetry as a leader of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00854-00202796-00202981 the Sturm and Drang movement of proto
_h7Yn21wjjg-00855-00202982-00203307 Romanticism Weimar classicism Vomero
_h7Yn21wjjg-00856-00203308-00203484 Classic was a cultural and literary
_h7Yn21wjjg-00857-00203485-00203715 movement based in Vienna that sought to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00858-00203716-00203937 establish a new humanism by synthesizing
_h7Yn21wjjg-00859-00203938-00204153 romantic classical and Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00860-00204154-00204597 ideas the movement from 1772 until 1805
_h7Yn21wjjg-00861-00204598-00204804 involved herder as well as polymath
_h7Yn21wjjg-00862-00204805-00205201 johann wolfgang von goethe 1749 - 1832
_h7Yn21wjjg-00863-00205202-00205576 and friedrich schiller 1759 - 1805 a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00864-00205577-00205860 poet and historian herder argued that
_h7Yn21wjjg-00865-00205861-00206004 every folk had its own particular
_h7Yn21wjjg-00866-00206005-00206200 identity which was expressed in its
_h7Yn21wjjg-00867-00206201-00206275 language in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00868-00206276-00206548 culture this legitimized the promotion
_h7Yn21wjjg-00869-00206548-00206712 of German language and culture and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00870-00206713-00206902 helped shape the development of German
_h7Yn21wjjg-00871-00206903-00207184 nationalism Schiller's plays express the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00872-00207185-00207334 restless spirit of his generation
_h7Yn21wjjg-00873-00207335-00207550 depicting the hero's struggle against
_h7Yn21wjjg-00874-00207551-00207703 social pressures and the force of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00875-00207704-00207919 destiny German music sponsored by the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00876-00207919-00208096 upper classes came of age under
_h7Yn21wjjg-00877-00208096-00208440 composers Johann Sebastian Bach 1685 to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00878-00208441-00208855 1750 Joseph Haydn 1732 to 1809 and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00879-00208856-00209284 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1756 to 1791 in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00880-00209285-00209506 remote konigsberg philosopher Immanuel
_h7Yn21wjjg-00881-00209507-00209869 Kant 1724 to 1804 tried to reconcile
_h7Yn21wjjg-00882-00209869-00210034 rationalism and religious belief
_h7Yn21wjjg-00883-00210035-00210184 individual freedom and political
_h7Yn21wjjg-00884-00210185-00210496 authority cants work contained basic
_h7Yn21wjjg-00885-00210496-00210658 tensions that would continue to shape
_h7Yn21wjjg-00886-00210659-00210819 German thought and indeed all of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00887-00210821-00211044 European philosophy well into the 20th
_h7Yn21wjjg-00888-00211046-00211255 century the German Enlightenment won the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00889-00211256-00211459 support of Prince's aristocrats and the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00890-00211460-00211606 middle classes and it permanently
_h7Yn21wjjg-00891-00211607-00211903 reshaped the culture however there was a
_h7Yn21wjjg-00892-00211904-00212077 conservatism among the elites that
_h7Yn21wjjg-00893-00212078-00212271 warned against going too far in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00894-00212273-00212560 1780s Lutheran ministers johann heinrich
_h7Yn21wjjg-00895-00212561-00212758 schultz and karl wilhelm bromby got in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00896-00212759-00212896 trouble with their preaching as they
_h7Yn21wjjg-00897-00212896-00213085 were attacked and ridiculed by Immanuel
_h7Yn21wjjg-00898-00213086-00213301 Kant Wilhelm Abraham Teller and others
_h7Yn21wjjg-00899-00213302-00213696 in 1788 prussia issued an edict on
_h7Yn21wjjg-00900-00213698-00213916 religion that forbade preaching any
_h7Yn21wjjg-00901-00213917-00214144 sermon that undermined popular belief in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00902-00214144-00214405 the holy trinity in the bible the goal
_h7Yn21wjjg-00903-00214406-00214623 was to avoid skepticism deism and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00904-00214625-00214813 theological disputes that might impinge
_h7Yn21wjjg-00905-00214814-00215107 on domestic tranquility men who doubted
_h7Yn21wjjg-00906-00215108-00215284 the value of enlightenment favoured the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00907-00215285-00215532 measure but so too did many supporters
_h7Yn21wjjg-00908-00215533-00215812 German universities had created a closed
_h7Yn21wjjg-00909-00215813-00215973 elite that could debate controversial
_h7Yn21wjjg-00910-00215975-00216171 issues among themselves but spreading
_h7Yn21wjjg-00911-00216173-00216379 them to the public was seen as too risky
_h7Yn21wjjg-00912-00216380-00216652 this intellectual elite was favored by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00913-00216653-00216838 the state but that might be reversed if
_h7Yn21wjjg-00914-00216839-00217012 the process of the Enlightenment proved
_h7Yn21wjjg-00915-00217013-00217716 politically or socially destabilizing
_h7Yn21wjjg-00916-00217717-00218144 topic Italy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00917-00218146-00218421 the Enlightenment played a distinctive
_h7Yn21wjjg-00918-00218423-00218621 if small role in the history of Italy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00919-00218623-00218905 although most of Italy was controlled by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00920-00218906-00219106 conservative Habsburgs or the Pope
_h7Yn21wjjg-00921-00219107-00219283 Tuscany had some opportunities for
_h7Yn21wjjg-00922-00219284-00219642 reform leopold ii of tuscany abolished
_h7Yn21wjjg-00923-00219644-00219846 the death penalty in tuscany and reduced
_h7Yn21wjjg-00924-00219848-00220206 censorship from naples antonio gino bosy
_h7Yn21wjjg-00925-00220207-00220594 1713 to 1769 influenced a generation of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00926-00220594-00220771 southern italian intellectuals and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00927-00220771-00221107 university students his textbook dish to
_h7Yn21wjjg-00928-00221108-00221394 Xena osya della Phyllis Sophia dull just
_h7Yn21wjjg-00929-00221396-00221809 to Edel once to 1766 was a controversial
_h7Yn21wjjg-00930-00221810-00222007 attempt to mediate between the history
_h7Yn21wjjg-00931-00222008-00222217 of moral philosophy on the one hand and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00932-00222217-00222388 the specific problems encountered by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00933-00222389-00222628 18th century commercial society on the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00934-00222629-00222880 other it contained the greater part of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00935-00222881-00223111 gino versus political philosophical and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00936-00223112-00223240 economic thought guidebook for
_h7Yn21wjjg-00937-00223241-00223419 Neapolitan economic and social
_h7Yn21wjjg-00938-00223421-00223681 development science flourished as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00939-00223682-00223939 alessandro volta and Luigi Galvani made
_h7Yn21wjjg-00940-00223940-00224178 breakthrough discoveries in electricity
_h7Yn21wjjg-00941-00224179-00224446 Pietro very was a leading economist in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00942-00224446-00224686 Lombardi historian Joseph Schumpeter
_h7Yn21wjjg-00943-00224687-00224953 states he was the most important priests
_h7Yn21wjjg-00944-00224954-00225151 million authority on cheapness and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00945-00225152-00225436 Plenty the most influential scholar on
_h7Yn21wjjg-00946-00225437-00225601 the Italian enlightenment has been
_h7Yn21wjjg-00947-00225602-00225940 Franco venturi Italy also produced some
_h7Yn21wjjg-00948-00225941-00226105 of the Enlightenment's greatest legal
_h7Yn21wjjg-00949-00226106-00226323 theorists including Cesare Beccaria
_h7Yn21wjjg-00950-00226323-00226603 Giambattista Vico and Francesco Mario
_h7Yn21wjjg-00951-00226604-00226930 Pagano The Courier in particular is now
_h7Yn21wjjg-00952-00226931-00227067 considered one of the fathers of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00953-00227069-00227248 classical criminal theory as well as
_h7Yn21wjjg-00954-00227248-00227554 modern penology the courier is famous
_h7Yn21wjjg-00955-00227555-00227734 for his masterpiece on crimes and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00956-00227735-00228034 punishments 1764 a treatise later
_h7Yn21wjjg-00957-00228035-00228298 translated into 22 languages that served
_h7Yn21wjjg-00958-00228298-00228448 as one of the earliest prominent
_h7Yn21wjjg-00959-00228448-00228625 condemnations of torture and the death
_h7Yn21wjjg-00960-00228626-00228823 penalty and thus a landmark work in
_h7Yn21wjjg-00961-00228823-00229548 anti-death-penalty philosophy topic
_h7Yn21wjjg-00962-00229550-00230102 Russia in Russia the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00963-00230103-00230276 to actively encourage the proliferation
_h7Yn21wjjg-00964-00230277-00230510 of arts and sciences in the mid 18th
_h7Yn21wjjg-00965-00230511-00230777 century this era produced the first
_h7Yn21wjjg-00966-00230778-00230990 Russian university library theater
_h7Yn21wjjg-00967-00230991-00231326 public museum and independent press like
_h7Yn21wjjg-00968-00231327-00231536 other enlightened despots Catherine the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00969-00231537-00231721 Great played a key role in fostering the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00970-00231723-00232052 arts sciences and education she used her
_h7Yn21wjjg-00971-00232053-00232235 own interpretation of enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-00972-00232236-00232484 ideals assisted by notable international
_h7Yn21wjjg-00973-00232485-00232655 experts such as Voltaire by
_h7Yn21wjjg-00974-00232656-00232817 correspondence and in residence
_h7Yn21wjjg-00975-00232817-00233027 world-class scientists such as Leona
_h7Yn21wjjg-00976-00233028-00233303 Euler and Peter Simon Palace the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00977-00233304-00233477 national enlightenment differed from its
_h7Yn21wjjg-00978-00233478-00233675 Western European counterpart in that it
_h7Yn21wjjg-00979-00233676-00233867 promoted further modernization of all
_h7Yn21wjjg-00980-00233867-00234032 aspects of Russian life and was
_h7Yn21wjjg-00981-00234033-00234223 concerned with attacking the institution
_h7Yn21wjjg-00982-00234225-00234437 of serfdom in Russia the Russian
_h7Yn21wjjg-00983-00234438-00234656 enlightenment centered on the individual
_h7Yn21wjjg-00984-00234657-00234857 instead of societal enlightenment and
_h7Yn21wjjg-00985-00234858-00235016 encouraged the living of an enlightened
_h7Yn21wjjg-00986-00235017-00235292 life a powerful element was Provost
_h7Yn21wjjg-00987-00235292-00235457 Cheney which combined religious piety
_h7Yn21wjjg-00988-00235458-00235664 erudition and commitment to the spread
_h7Yn21wjjg-00989-00235665-00235907 of learning however it lacked the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00990-00235908-00236078 skeptical and critical spirit of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-00991-00236079-00237160 European enlightenment topic Portugal
_h7Yn21wjjg-00992-00237161-00237400 the Enlightenment in Portugal Illuminism
_h7Yn21wjjg-00993-00237401-00237595 au was marked by the rule of the Prime
_h7Yn21wjjg-00994-00237596-00237796 Minister Marquess of Pombal and the King
_h7Yn21wjjg-00995-00237797-00238069 Joseph the first of Portugal from 1756
_h7Yn21wjjg-00996-00238071-00238490 to 1777 following the 1755 Lisbon
_h7Yn21wjjg-00997-00238491-00238739 earthquake which destroyed great part of
_h7Yn21wjjg-00998-00238740-00238897 Lisbon the Marquess of Pombal
_h7Yn21wjjg-00999-00238898-00239119 implemented important economic policies
_h7Yn21wjjg-01000-00239121-00239323 to regulate commercial activity in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01001-00239324-00239513 particular with Brazil and England and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01002-00239514-00239692 to standardize quality throughout the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01003-00239694-00239912 country for example by introducing the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01004-00239913-00240133 first integrated industries in Portugal
_h7Yn21wjjg-01005-00240134-00240352 his reconstruction of Lisbon's Riverside
_h7Yn21wjjg-01006-00240353-00240499 district in straight and perpendicular
_h7Yn21wjjg-01007-00240500-00240745 streets methodically organized to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01008-00240746-00240938 facilitate commerce in exchange for
_h7Yn21wjjg-01009-00240939-00241142 example by assigning to each street a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01010-00241142-00241378 different product or service can be seen
_h7Yn21wjjg-01011-00241379-00241522 as a direct application of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01012-00241523-00241723 Enlightenment ideas to governance and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01013-00241724-00242029 urbanism his urbanistic idea is also
_h7Yn21wjjg-01014-00242030-00242248 being the first large-scale example of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01015-00242249-00242404 earthquake engineering became
_h7Yn21wjjg-01016-00242405-00242596 collectively known as pombaline style
_h7Yn21wjjg-01017-00242597-00242749 and were implemented throughout the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01018-00242750-00243019 kingdom during his stay in office his
_h7Yn21wjjg-01019-00243021-00243172 governance was as enlightened as
_h7Yn21wjjg-01020-00243173-00243382 ruthless see for example the Tavor
_h7Yn21wjjg-01021-00243383-00243682 affair in literature the first
_h7Yn21wjjg-01022-00243683-00243904 enlightenment ideas in portugal can be
_h7Yn21wjjg-01023-00243905-00244115 traced back to the diplomat philosopher
_h7Yn21wjjg-01024-00244116-00244522 and writer Antonio Vieira 1608 to 1697
_h7Yn21wjjg-01025-00244523-00244723 who spent a considerable amount of his
_h7Yn21wjjg-01026-00244724-00244933 life in colonial Brazil denouncing
_h7Yn21wjjg-01027-00244934-00245134 discriminations against new Christians
_h7Yn21wjjg-01028-00245135-00245404 and the indigenous peoples in Brazil his
_h7Yn21wjjg-01029-00245405-00245602 works remain today as one of the best
_h7Yn21wjjg-01030-00245603-00245894 pieces of Portuguese literature during
_h7Yn21wjjg-01031-00245894-00246113 the 18th century and light and literary
_h7Yn21wjjg-01032-00246114-00246295 movements such as the Arcadia loser
_h7Yn21wjjg-01033-00246296-00246727 Donna lasting from 1756 until 1776 then
_h7Yn21wjjg-01034-00246728-00247019 replaced by the Nova Arcadia in 1790
_h7Yn21wjjg-01035-00247019-00247306 until 1794 surfaced in the academic
_h7Yn21wjjg-01036-00247307-00247528 medium in particular involving former
_h7Yn21wjjg-01037-00247529-00247734 students of the University of Coimbra
_h7Yn21wjjg-01038-00247735-00247999 the distinct member of this group was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01039-00248000-00248221 the pardon manuel maria Barbosa doback
_h7Yn21wjjg-01040-00248222-00248572 are the ideas of the Enlightenment also
_h7Yn21wjjg-01041-00248573-00248789 influenced various economists and anti
_h7Yn21wjjg-01042-00248790-00248971 colonial intellectuals throughout the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01043-00248972-00249232 Portuguese Empire such as Jose de rozier
_h7Yn21wjjg-01044-00249233-00249488 a doe Coutinho Jose da Silva lisboa
_h7Yn21wjjg-01045-00249489-00249784 Claudio Manuel da Costa and Tom master
_h7Yn21wjjg-01046-00249785-00250466 Antonio Gonzaga
_h7Yn21wjjg-01047-00250467-00251083 topic Poland Enlightenment ideas aswani
_h7Yn21wjjg-01048-00251084-00251317 emerged late in Poland as the Polish
_h7Yn21wjjg-01049-00251319-00251509 middle class was weaker and she locked
_h7Yn21wjjg-01050-00251510-00251779 up nobility culture Salman ISM together
_h7Yn21wjjg-01051-00251780-00251978 with the polish-lithuanian Commonwealth
_h7Yn21wjjg-01052-00251979-00252184 political system golden liberty were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01053-00252185-00252491 indeed crisis the political system was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01054-00252492-00252692 built on republicanism but was unable to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01055-00252692-00252919 defend itself against powerful neighbors
_h7Yn21wjjg-01056-00252921-00253105 Russia Prussia and Austria as they
_h7Yn21wjjg-01057-00253106-00253313 repeatedly sliced off regions until
_h7Yn21wjjg-01058-00253314-00253502 nothing was left of independent Poland
_h7Yn21wjjg-01059-00253503-00253790 the period of Polish enlightenment began
_h7Yn21wjjg-01060-00253791-00254117 in the 1730's to 1740s and especially in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01061-00254117-00254288 theater and the arts peaked in the reign
_h7Yn21wjjg-01062-00254289-00254477 of King Stannis will August Poniatowski
_h7Yn21wjjg-01063-00254478-00254846 second half of the 18th century warsaw
_h7Yn21wjjg-01064-00254846-00255116 was a main center after 1750 with an
_h7Yn21wjjg-01065-00255117-00255319 expansion of schools and educational
_h7Yn21wjjg-01066-00255321-00255532 institutions in the arts patronage held
_h7Yn21wjjg-01067-00255533-00255794 of the royal castle leaders promoted
_h7Yn21wjjg-01068-00255794-00255992 tolerance and more education they
_h7Yn21wjjg-01069-00255992-00256198 included King Stannis for the second
_h7Yn21wjjg-01070-00256200-00256388 Poniatowski in reformers Pradas
_h7Yn21wjjg-01071-00256389-00256646 Witkowski antony pop Lipsky joseph
_h7Yn21wjjg-01072-00256646-00256828 nimzowitsch and joseph pauline coughs
_h7Yn21wjjg-01073-00256829-00257029 key as well as borderland of cordon a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01074-00257030-00257359 apologised dramatist opponents included
_h7Yn21wjjg-01075-00257360-00257591 florian jariabek Greyston piotrovsky
_h7Yn21wjjg-01076-00257592-00257869 carroll with itch and watch xkf ski the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01077-00257871-00258028 movement went into decline with the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01078-00258029-00258317 third partition of Poland 1795 a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01079-00258317-00258517 national tragedy inspiring a short
_h7Yn21wjjg-01080-00258519-00258730 period of sentimental writing and ended
_h7Yn21wjjg-01081-00258731-00259589 in 1822 replaced by romanticism topic
_h7Yn21wjjg-01082-00259590-00260053 historiography
_h7Yn21wjjg-01083-00260054-00260230 the Enlightenment has always been
_h7Yn21wjjg-01084-00260231-00260461 contested territory according to Keith
_h7Yn21wjjg-01085-00260462-00260692 Thomas its supporters hailed it as the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01086-00260692-00260892 source of everything that is progressive
_h7Yn21wjjg-01087-00260894-00261166 about the modern world for them
_h7Yn21wjjg-01088-00261167-00261325 it stands for freedom of thought
_h7Yn21wjjg-01089-00261326-00261559 rational inquiry critical thinking
_h7Yn21wjjg-01090-00261560-00261792 religious tolerance political liberty
_h7Yn21wjjg-01091-00261794-00262017 scientific achievement the pursuit of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01092-00262019-00262278 happiness and hope for the future
_h7Yn21wjjg-01093-00262279-00262531 Thomas adds that its detractors accuse
_h7Yn21wjjg-01094-00262532-00262756 it of shallow rationalism naive optimism
_h7Yn21wjjg-01095-00262757-00262981 unrealistic universalism and moral
_h7Yn21wjjg-01096-00262982-00263200 darkness from the start
_h7Yn21wjjg-01097-00263201-00263392 conservative and clerical defenders of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01098-00263393-00263602 traditional religion attack materialism
_h7Yn21wjjg-01099-00263603-00263797 and skepticism as evil forces that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01100-00263798-00264169 encourage immorality by 1794 they
_h7Yn21wjjg-01101-00264170-00264343 pointed to the terror doing the French
_h7Yn21wjjg-01102-00264344-00264517 Revolution as confirmation of their
_h7Yn21wjjg-01103-00264518-00264775 predictions as the Enlightenment was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01104-00264776-00265000 ending romantic philosophers argued that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01105-00265001-00265183 excessive dependence on reason was a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01106-00265184-00265381 mistake perpetuated by the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01107-00265382-00265558 because it disregarded the bonds of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01108-00265559-00265780 history myth faith and tradition that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01109-00265781-00266487 were necessary to hold society together
_h7Yn21wjjg-01110-00266488-00267180 topic definition the term enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01111-00267181-00267439 emerged in English in the later part of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01112-00267440-00267553 the nineteenth century
_h7Yn21wjjg-01113-00267554-00267733 with particular reference to French
_h7Yn21wjjg-01114-00267734-00267913 philosophy as the equivalent of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01115-00267914-00268117 French term Lumiere's used first by
_h7Yn21wjjg-01116-00268118-00268396 DuBose in 1733 and already well
_h7Yn21wjjg-01117-00268397-00268779 established by 1751 from Immanuel Kant
_h7Yn21wjjg-01118-00268780-00269134 1784 SI bent water and air freight was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01119-00269135-00269494 is TF Quran answering the question what
_h7Yn21wjjg-01120-00269495-00269770 is enlightenment the German term became
_h7Yn21wjjg-01121-00269771-00270270 al-quran alcoran
_h7Yn21wjjg-01122-00270271-00270899 topic to illuminate sick earth clarin
_h7Yn21wjjg-01123-00270900-00271212 to clear up however scholars have never
_h7Yn21wjjg-01124-00271213-00271359 agreed on a definition of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01125-00271360-00271569 Enlightenment or on its chronological or
_h7Yn21wjjg-01126-00271570-00271848 geographical extent terms like less
_h7Yn21wjjg-01127-00271849-00272111 Lumiere's French Illuminism Oh Italian
_h7Yn21wjjg-01128-00272112-00272361 illustration Spanish and Alf Kronk
_h7Yn21wjjg-01129-00272362-00272559 German referred to partly overlapping
_h7Yn21wjjg-01130-00272560-00272850 movements not until the late 19th
_h7Yn21wjjg-01131-00272851-00273051 century did English scholars agree they
_h7Yn21wjjg-01132-00273052-00273305 were talking about the enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01133-00273306-00273579 enlightenment historiography began in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01134-00273580-00273717 the period itself from what
_h7Yn21wjjg-01135-00273718-00273870 Enlightenment figures said about their
_h7Yn21wjjg-01136-00273871-00274107 work a dominant element was the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01137-00274108-00274344 intellectual angle they took Dalembert's
_h7Yn21wjjg-01138-00274345-00274557 preliminary discourse of Len cyclopædia
_h7Yn21wjjg-01139-00274558-00274749 provides a history of the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01140-00274750-00274944 which comprises a chronological list of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01141-00274945-00275082 developments in the realm of knowledge
_h7Yn21wjjg-01142-00275083-00275292 of which the Encyclopedia forms the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01143-00275293-00275646 pinnacle in 1783 Jewish philosopher
_h7Yn21wjjg-01144-00275647-00275799 Moses Mendelssohn referred to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01145-00275800-00276009 enlightenment as a process by which man
_h7Yn21wjjg-01146-00276010-00276218 was educated in the use of Reason
_h7Yn21wjjg-01147-00276219-00276504 Immanuel Kant called enlightenment man's
_h7Yn21wjjg-01148-00276505-00276744 released from his self-incurred tutelage
_h7Yn21wjjg-01149-00276745-00277002 pseudo leads being man's inability to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01150-00277003-00277230 make use of his understanding without
_h7Yn21wjjg-01151-00277231-00277557 direction from another for Kant
_h7Yn21wjjg-01152-00277558-00277782 enlightenment was mankind's final
_h7Yn21wjjg-01153-00277783-00277989 coming-of-age the emancipation of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01154-00277990-00278172 human consciousness from an immature
_h7Yn21wjjg-01155-00278173-00278520 state of ignorance the German scholar
_h7Yn21wjjg-01156-00278521-00278748 Ernst kisara called the Enlightenment a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01157-00278749-00278973 part in a special phase of that whole
_h7Yn21wjjg-01158-00278974-00279168 intellectual development through which
_h7Yn21wjjg-01159-00279169-00279366 modern philosophic thought gained its
_h7Yn21wjjg-01160-00279367-00279564 characteristic self-confidence and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01161-00279565-00279879 self-consciousness according to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01162-00279880-00280104 historian Roy Porter the liberation of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01163-00280105-00280305 the human mind from a dogmatic state of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01164-00280306-00280497 ignorance is the epitome of what the Age
_h7Yn21wjjg-01165-00280498-00280689 of Enlightenment was trying to capture
_h7Yn21wjjg-01166-00280690-00280875 Bertrand Russell saw the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01167-00280876-00281070 as a phase in a progressive development
_h7Yn21wjjg-01168-00281071-00281256 which began in antiquity and that reason
_h7Yn21wjjg-01169-00281257-00281445 and challenges to the established order
_h7Yn21wjjg-01170-00281446-00281622 were constant ideals throughout that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01171-00281623-00281892 time Russell said that the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01172-00281893-00282027 was ultimately born out of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01173-00282028-00282216 Protestant reaction against the Catholic
_h7Yn21wjjg-01174-00282217-00282348 counter-reformation and that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01175-00282349-00282558 philosophical views such as affinity for
_h7Yn21wjjg-01176-00282559-00282768 democracy against monarchy originated
_h7Yn21wjjg-01177-00282769-00282969 among 16th century Protestants to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01178-00282970-00283155 justify their desire to break away from
_h7Yn21wjjg-01179-00283156-00283422 the Catholic Church although many of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01180-00283423-00283623 these philosophical ideals were picked
_h7Yn21wjjg-01181-00283624-00283839 up by Catholics Russell argues that by
_h7Yn21wjjg-01182-00283840-00284040 the 18th century the Enlightenment was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01183-00284041-00284076 the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01184-00284077-00284253 in support manifestation of the schism
_h7Yn21wjjg-01185-00284254-00284457 that began with Martin Luther Jonathan
_h7Yn21wjjg-01186-00284458-00284613 Israel rejects the attempts of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01187-00284614-00284814 postmodern and Marx and historians to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01188-00284815-00285015 understand the revolutionary ideas of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01189-00285016-00285195 the period purely as byproducts of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01190-00285196-00285492 social and economic transformations he
_h7Yn21wjjg-01191-00285493-00285681 instead focuses on the history of ideas
_h7Yn21wjjg-01192-00285682-00285957 in the period from 1650 to the end of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01193-00285958-00286143 the 18th century and claims that it was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01194-00286144-00286332 the ideas themselves that caused the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01195-00286333-00286482 change that eventually led to the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01196-00286483-00286653 revolutions of the latter half of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01197-00286654-00286907 18th century and the early 19th century
_h7Yn21wjjg-01198-00286908-00287214 Israel argues that until the 1650s
_h7Yn21wjjg-01199-00287215-00287469 Western civilization was based on a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01200-00287470-00287727 largely shared core of faith tradition
_h7Yn21wjjg-01201-00287728-00288939 and authority topic timespan there is
_h7Yn21wjjg-01202-00288940-00289110 little consensus on the precise
_h7Yn21wjjg-01203-00289111-00289257 beginning of the Age of Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01204-00289258-00289434 though several historians and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01205-00289435-00289617 philosophers argue that it was marked by
_h7Yn21wjjg-01206-00289618-00289941 Descartes 1637 philosophy of cogito ergo
_h7Yn21wjjg-01207-00289942-00290274 sum I think therefore I am which shifted
_h7Yn21wjjg-01208-00290275-00290487 the epistemological basis from external
_h7Yn21wjjg-01209-00290488-00290712 Authority to internal certainty in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01210-00290713-00290943 France many cited the publication of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01211-00290944-00291158 isaac newton's principia mathematica
_h7Yn21wjjg-01212-00291159-00291633 1687 the middle of the 17th century 1650
_h7Yn21wjjg-01213-00291634-00291833 or the beginning of the 18th century
_h7Yn21wjjg-01214-00291834-00292200 1701 are often used as epochs French
_h7Yn21wjjg-01215-00292201-00292428 historians usually place the Seattle des
_h7Yn21wjjg-01216-00292429-00292665 Lumiere's century of enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01217-00292666-00293076 between 1715 and 1789 from the beginning
_h7Yn21wjjg-01218-00293077-00293235 of the reign of Louis the fifteenth
_h7Yn21wjjg-01219-00293236-00293481 until the French Revolution most
_h7Yn21wjjg-01220-00293482-00293664 scholars use the last years of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01221-00293665-00293835 century often choosing the French
_h7Yn21wjjg-01222-00293836-00294108 Revolution of 1789 or the beginning of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01223-00294109-00294459 the Napoleonic Wars 1804 to 1815 as a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01224-00294460-00294669 convenient point in time with which to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01225-00294670-00295386 date the end of the Enlightenment topic
_h7Yn21wjjg-01226-00295387-00295832 modern study
_h7Yn21wjjg-01227-00295833-00296054 in the 1944 book dialectic of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01228-00296055-00296201 enlightenment Frankfurt School
_h7Yn21wjjg-01229-00296202-00296444 philosophers Max Horkheimer and Theodor
_h7Yn21wjjg-01230-00296445-00296720 W Adorno argued enlightenment understood
_h7Yn21wjjg-01231-00296721-00296903 in the widest sense as the advance of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01232-00296904-00297059 thought has always aimed at liberating
_h7Yn21wjjg-01233-00297060-00297278 human beings from fear and installing
_h7Yn21wjjg-01234-00297279-00297572 them as masters yet the holy enlightened
_h7Yn21wjjg-01235-00297573-00297776 earth radiates under the sign a disaster
_h7Yn21wjjg-01236-00297777-00298052 triumphant extending Horkheimer and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01237-00298053-00298256 Adorno as argument intellectual
_h7Yn21wjjg-01238-00298257-00298481 historian jason joseph sandstorm has
_h7Yn21wjjg-01239-00298482-00298662 argued that any idea of the Age of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01240-00298663-00298796 Enlightenment is a clearly defined
_h7Yn21wjjg-01241-00298797-00299027 period that is separate from the earlier
_h7Yn21wjjg-01242-00299028-00299234 Renaissance and later romanticism or
_h7Yn21wjjg-01243-00299235-00299479 counter enlightenment constitutes a myth
_h7Yn21wjjg-01244-00299480-00299708 Josephson storm points out that there
_h7Yn21wjjg-01245-00299709-00299873 are vastly different and mutually
_h7Yn21wjjg-01246-00299874-00300068 contradictory periodization zuv the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01247-00300069-00300278 enlightenment depending on nation field
_h7Yn21wjjg-01248-00300279-00300462 of study and school afford the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01249-00300463-00300683 determined category of enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01250-00300684-00300884 referring to the Scientific Revolution
_h7Yn21wjjg-01251-00300885-00301133 was actually applied after the fact that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01252-00301134-00301287 the Enlightenment did not see an
_h7Yn21wjjg-01253-00301288-00301457 increase in disenchantment or the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01254-00301458-00301628 dominance of the mechanistic world view
_h7Yn21wjjg-01255-00301629-00301802 and that a blue in the early modern
_h7Yn21wjjg-01256-00301803-00301962 ideas of the humanities and Natural
_h7Yn21wjjg-01257-00301963-00302225 Sciences makes it hard to circumscribe a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01258-00302226-00302525 scientific revolution Josephson storm
_h7Yn21wjjg-01259-00302526-00302717 defends his categorization of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01260-00302718-00302964 Enlightenment is myth by noting the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01261-00302965-00303167 regulative role ideas of a period of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01262-00303168-00303377 enlightenment and disenchantment play in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01263-00303378-00303596 modern Western culture such that belief
_h7Yn21wjjg-01264-00303597-00303752 in magic spiritualism
_h7Yn21wjjg-01265-00303753-00303959 and even religion appears somewhat abbu
_h7Yn21wjjg-01266-00303960-00304239 in intellectual strata in the 1970s
_h7Yn21wjjg-01267-00304240-00304454 study of the Enlightenment expanded to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01268-00304455-00304628 include the ways Enlightenment ideas
_h7Yn21wjjg-01269-00304629-00304839 spread to European colonies and how they
_h7Yn21wjjg-01270-00304840-00305040 interacted with indigenous cultures and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01271-00305041-00305174 how the Enlightenment took place
_h7Yn21wjjg-01272-00305175-00305426 informally unstudied areas such as Italy
_h7Yn21wjjg-01273-00305427-00305684 Greece the Balkans Poland Hungary and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01274-00305685-00305889 Russia intellectuals such as Robert
_h7Yn21wjjg-01275-00305890-00306092 Darnton and Jurgen Habermas have focused
_h7Yn21wjjg-01276-00306093-00306242 on the social conditions of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01277-00306243-00306500 Enlightenment Habermas described the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01278-00306501-00306738 creation of the bourgeois public sphere
_h7Yn21wjjg-01279-00306739-00307007 in 18th century Europe containing the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01280-00307008-00307150 new venues and modes of communication
_h7Yn21wjjg-01281-00307151-00307505 allowing for rational exchange Habermas
_h7Yn21wjjg-01282-00307506-00307649 said that the public sphere was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01283-00307650-00307880 bourgeois egalitarian rational and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01284-00307881-00308069 independent from the state making it the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01285-00308070-00308249 ideal venue for intellectuals to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01286-00308250-00308447 critically examine contemporary politics
_h7Yn21wjjg-01287-00308448-00308645 and society away from the interference
_h7Yn21wjjg-01288-00308646-00308909 of established Authority while the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01289-00308910-00309098 public sphere is generally an integral
_h7Yn21wjjg-01290-00309099-00309216 component of the so
_h7Yn21wjjg-01291-00309217-00309369 study of the Enlightenment other
_h7Yn21wjjg-01292-00309370-00309554 historians have questioned whether the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01293-00309555-00310285 public sphere had these characteristics
_h7Yn21wjjg-01294-00310286-00310844 topic society and culture
_h7Yn21wjjg-01295-00310845-00311112 in contrast to the intellectual
_h7Yn21wjjg-01296-00311113-00311282 historiographic Allah proach of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01297-00311283-00311483 Enlightenment which examines the various
_h7Yn21wjjg-01298-00311484-00311691 currents or discourses of intellectual
_h7Yn21wjjg-01299-00311692-00311877 thought within the European context
_h7Yn21wjjg-01300-00311878-00312126 during the 17th and 18th centuries the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01301-00312127-00312366 cultural or social approach examines the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01302-00312367-00312533 changes that occurred in European
_h7Yn21wjjg-01303-00312534-00312672 society and culture
_h7Yn21wjjg-01304-00312673-00312918 this approach studies the process of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01305-00312919-00313113 changing SOSI abilities and cultural
_h7Yn21wjjg-01306-00313114-00313413 practices during the Enlightenment one
_h7Yn21wjjg-01307-00313414-00313596 of the primary elements of the culture
_h7Yn21wjjg-01308-00313597-00313778 of the Enlightenment was the rise of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01309-00313779-00314033 public sphere realm of communication
_h7Yn21wjjg-01310-00314034-00314295 marked by new arenas of debate more open
_h7Yn21wjjg-01311-00314296-00314490 and accessible forms of urban public
_h7Yn21wjjg-01312-00314491-00314783 space and sociability and an explosion
_h7Yn21wjjg-01313-00314784-00315107 of print culture in the late 17th
_h7Yn21wjjg-01314-00315108-00315378 century and 18th century elements of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01315-00315379-00315543 public sphere included that it was a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01316-00315544-00315714 gala terian that had discussed the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01317-00315715-00315931 domain of common concern and that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01318-00315932-00316232 argument was founded on reason habermas
_h7Yn21wjjg-01319-00316233-00316553 uses the term common concern to describe
_h7Yn21wjjg-01320-00316554-00316746 those areas of political social
_h7Yn21wjjg-01321-00316747-00316880 knowledge and discussion that were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01322-00316881-00317078 previously the exclusive territory of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01323-00317079-00317265 the state and religious authorities now
_h7Yn21wjjg-01324-00317266-00317475 open to critical examination by the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01325-00317476-00317763 public sphere the values of this bulge
_h7Yn21wjjg-01326-00317764-00317960 waa public sphere included holding
_h7Yn21wjjg-01327-00317961-00318147 reason to be supreme considering
_h7Yn21wjjg-01328-00318148-00318351 everything to be open to criticism the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01329-00318352-00318509 public sphere is critical and the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01330-00318510-00318843 opposition of secrecy of all sorts the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01331-00318844-00319038 creation of the public sphere has been
_h7Yn21wjjg-01332-00319039-00319242 associated with two long-term historical
_h7Yn21wjjg-01333-00319243-00319401 trends the rise of the modern
_h7Yn21wjjg-01334-00319402-00319628 nation-state and the rise of capitalism
_h7Yn21wjjg-01335-00319629-00319859 the modern nation state in its
_h7Yn21wjjg-01336-00319860-00320115 consolidation of public power created by
_h7Yn21wjjg-01337-00320116-00320330 counterpoint a private realm of society
_h7Yn21wjjg-01338-00320331-00320507 independent of the state which allowed
_h7Yn21wjjg-01339-00320508-00320810 for the public sphere capitalism also
_h7Yn21wjjg-01340-00320811-00321000 increased society's autonomy in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01341-00321001-00321201 self-awareness as well as an increasing
_h7Yn21wjjg-01342-00321202-00321414 need for the exchange of information as
_h7Yn21wjjg-01343-00321415-00321696 the nasan public sphere expanded it
_h7Yn21wjjg-01344-00321697-00321891 embraced a large variety of institutions
_h7Yn21wjjg-01345-00321892-00322113 in the most commonly cited were coffee
_h7Yn21wjjg-01346-00322114-00322353 houses and cafes salons in the literary
_h7Yn21wjjg-01347-00322354-00322605 public sphere figuratively localized
_h7Yn21wjjg-01348-00322606-00322890 the Republic of Letters in France the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01349-00322891-00323094 creation of the public sphere was helped
_h7Yn21wjjg-01350-00323095-00323277 by the aristocracies move from the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01351-00323278-00323478 king's palace at Versailles to Paris in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01352-00323479-00323610 about 1720
_h7Yn21wjjg-01353-00323611-00323805 since they're rich spending stimulated
_h7Yn21wjjg-01354-00323806-00323982 the trade in luxuries and artistic
_h7Yn21wjjg-01355-00323983-00324231 creations especially fine paintings the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01356-00324232-00324408 context for the rise of the public
_h7Yn21wjjg-01357-00324409-00324573 sphere was the economic and social
_h7Yn21wjjg-01358-00324574-00324777 change commonly associated with the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01359-00324778-00325047 Industrial Revolution economic expansion
_h7Yn21wjjg-01360-00325048-00325275 increasing urbanization rising
_h7Yn21wjjg-01361-00325276-00325524 population and improving communications
_h7Yn21wjjg-01362-00325525-00325740 in comparison to the stagnation of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01363-00325741-00326112 previous century rising efficiency in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01364-00326113-00326310 production techniques and communication
_h7Yn21wjjg-01365-00326311-00326505 lowered the prices of consumer goods and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01366-00326506-00326667 increased the amount and variety of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01367-00326668-00326868 goods available to consumers including
_h7Yn21wjjg-01368-00326869-00327057 the literature essential to the public
_h7Yn21wjjg-01369-00327058-00327348 sphere meanwhile the colonial experience
_h7Yn21wjjg-01370-00327349-00327579 most European states had colonial
_h7Yn21wjjg-01371-00327580-00327807 empires in the 18th century began to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01372-00327808-00328035 expose European society to extremely
_h7Yn21wjjg-01373-00328036-00328236 heterogeneous cultures leading to the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01374-00328237-00328416 breaking down of barriers between
_h7Yn21wjjg-01375-00328417-00328668 cultural systems religious divides
_h7Yn21wjjg-01376-00328669-00328902 gender differences and geographical
_h7Yn21wjjg-01377-00328903-00329325 areas the word public implies the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01378-00329326-00329547 highest level of inclusivity the public
_h7Yn21wjjg-01379-00329548-00329736 sphere by definition should be open to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01380-00329737-00330051 all however this sphere was only public
_h7Yn21wjjg-01381-00330052-00330270 - relative degrees Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01382-00330271-00330450 thinkers frequently contrasted their
_h7Yn21wjjg-01383-00330451-00330711 conception of the public with that of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01384-00330712-00330981 the people Condorcet contrasted opinion
_h7Yn21wjjg-01385-00330982-00331293 with populist mamaan tell the opinion of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01386-00331294-00331602 men of letters with the opinion of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01387-00331603-00331899 multitude and Dalembert the truly
_h7Yn21wjjg-01388-00331900-00332181 enlightened public with the blind and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01389-00332182-00332478 noisy multitude additionally most
_h7Yn21wjjg-01390-00332479-00332643 institutions of the public sphere
_h7Yn21wjjg-01391-00332644-00332823 excluded both women and the lower
_h7Yn21wjjg-01392-00332824-00333147 classes cross-class influences occurred
_h7Yn21wjjg-01393-00333148-00333288 through noble and lower class
_h7Yn21wjjg-01394-00333289-00333501 participation in areas such as the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01395-00333502-00334183 coffee houses and the Masonic lodges
_h7Yn21wjjg-01396-00334184-00334435 topic social and cultural implications
_h7Yn21wjjg-01397-00334436-00335029 in the arts because of the focus on
_h7Yn21wjjg-01398-00335030-00335194 reason over superstition the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01399-00335195-00335403 Enlightenment cultivated the arts
_h7Yn21wjjg-01400-00335404-00335663 emphasis on learning art and music
_h7Yn21wjjg-01401-00335664-00335872 became more widespread especially with
_h7Yn21wjjg-01402-00335873-00336140 the growing middle class areas of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01403-00336141-00336327 studies such as literature philosophy
_h7Yn21wjjg-01404-00336328-00336583 science and the fine arts increasingly
_h7Yn21wjjg-01405-00336584-00336769 explored subject matter to which the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01406-00336770-00336943 general public in addition to the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01407-00336944-00337153 previously more segregated professionals
_h7Yn21wjjg-01408-00337154-00337471 and patrons could relate as musicians
_h7Yn21wjjg-01409-00337472-00337664 depended more and more on public support
_h7Yn21wjjg-01410-00337665-00337858 public concerts became increasingly
_h7Yn21wjjg-01411-00337859-00338093 popular and helped Supplement performers
_h7Yn21wjjg-01412-00338094-00338393 and composers in comes the concerts also
_h7Yn21wjjg-01413-00338394-00338550 helped him to reach a wider audience
_h7Yn21wjjg-01414-00338551-00338845 Handel for example epitomized this with
_h7Yn21wjjg-01415-00338846-00339055 his highly public musical activities in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01416-00339056-00339343 London he gained considerable fame there
_h7Yn21wjjg-01417-00339344-00339512 with performances of his operas and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01418-00339513-00339808 oratorios the music of Haydn and Mozart
_h7Yn21wjjg-01419-00339809-00340057 with their Viennese classical styles are
_h7Yn21wjjg-01420-00340058-00340258 usually regarded as being the most in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01421-00340259-00340459 line with the Enlightenment ideals the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01422-00340460-00340633 desire to explore record and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01423-00340634-00340825 systematized knowledge had a meaningful
_h7Yn21wjjg-01424-00340826-00341046 impact on music publications
_h7Yn21wjjg-01425-00341047-00341323 jean-jacques Rousseau's dictionary music
_h7Yn21wjjg-01426-00341324-00341714 published 1767 in Geneva and 1768 in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01427-00341715-00341908 Paris was a leading text in the late
_h7Yn21wjjg-01428-00341909-00342157 18th century his widely available
_h7Yn21wjjg-01429-00342158-00342394 dictionary gave short definitions of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01430-00342395-00342593 words like genius and taste and was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01431-00342594-00342784 clearly influenced by the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01432-00342785-00343040 movement another text influenced by
_h7Yn21wjjg-01433-00343041-00343268 Enlightenment values was Charles Bernese
_h7Yn21wjjg-01434-00343269-00343459 a general history of music from the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01435-00343460-00343780 earliest ages to the present period 1776
_h7Yn21wjjg-01436-00343781-00343991 which was a historical survey and an
_h7Yn21wjjg-01437-00343992-00344209 attempt to rationalize elements in music
_h7Yn21wjjg-01438-00344210-00344491 systematically over time recently
_h7Yn21wjjg-01439-00344492-00344671 musicologists have shown renewed
_h7Yn21wjjg-01440-00344672-00344872 interest in the ideas and consequences
_h7Yn21wjjg-01441-00344873-00345145 of the Enlightenment for example rose
_h7Yn21wjjg-01442-00345146-00345368 Rosengard subbotnik ste constructive
_h7Yn21wjjg-01443-00345369-00345625 variations subtitled music and reason in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01444-00345626-00345895 Western society compares Mozart's desire
_h7Yn21wjjg-01445-00345896-00346180 clothes 1791 using the Enlightenment and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01446-00346181-00346375 romantic perspectives and concludes that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01447-00346376-00346592 the work is an ideal musical
_h7Yn21wjjg-01448-00346593-00346831 representation of the Enlightenment as
_h7Yn21wjjg-01449-00346832-00347050 the economy in the middle class expanded
_h7Yn21wjjg-01450-00347051-00347206 there was an increasing number of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01451-00347207-00347524 amateur musicians one manifestation of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01452-00347525-00347574 this in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01453-00347575-00347781 women who became more involved with
_h7Yn21wjjg-01454-00347782-00348048 music on a social level women were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01455-00348049-00348273 already engaged in professional roles as
_h7Yn21wjjg-01456-00348274-00348453 singers and increased their presence in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01457-00348454-00348663 the amateur performers scene especially
_h7Yn21wjjg-01458-00348664-00348945 with keyboard music music publishers
_h7Yn21wjjg-01459-00348946-00349137 begin to print music that amateurs could
_h7Yn21wjjg-01460-00349138-00349413 understand and play the majority of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01461-00349414-00349554 works that were published were for
_h7Yn21wjjg-01462-00349555-00349761 keyboard voice and keyboard and chamber
_h7Yn21wjjg-01463-00349762-00350046 ensemble after these initial genres were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01464-00350047-00350244 popularized from the mid century on
_h7Yn21wjjg-01465-00350245-00350460 amateur groups sang choral music which
_h7Yn21wjjg-01466-00350461-00350649 then became a new trend for publishers
_h7Yn21wjjg-01467-00350650-00350955 to capitalize on the increasing study of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01468-00350956-00351141 the fine arts as well as access to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01469-00351142-00351378 amateur friendly published works led to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01470-00351379-00351552 more people becoming interested in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01471-00351553-00351813 reading and discussing music music
_h7Yn21wjjg-01472-00351814-00352023 magazines reviews in critical works
_h7Yn21wjjg-01473-00352024-00352191 which suited amateurs as well as
_h7Yn21wjjg-01474-00352192-00352979 connoisseurs began to surface topic
_h7Yn21wjjg-01475-00352980-00353625 dissemination of ideas the philosophies
_h7Yn21wjjg-01476-00353626-00353751 spend a great deal of energy
_h7Yn21wjjg-01477-00353752-00354003 disseminating their ideas among educated
_h7Yn21wjjg-01478-00354004-00354209 men and women in cosmopolitan cities
_h7Yn21wjjg-01479-00354210-00354504 they used many venues some of them quite
_h7Yn21wjjg-01480-00354505-00355605 new topic the Republic of Letters the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01481-00355606-00355901 term Republic of Letters was coined in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01482-00355902-00356178 1664 by Pierre Bayle in his journal
_h7Yn21wjjg-01483-00356179-00356411 nouvelles de la république des lettre
_h7Yn21wjjg-01484-00356412-00356679 towards the end of the 18th century the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01485-00356680-00356901 editor of his twaddle a republic des
_h7Yn21wjjg-01486-00356902-00357123 lettre and france a literary survey
_h7Yn21wjjg-01487-00357124-00357315 described the republic of letters as
_h7Yn21wjjg-01488-00357316-00357459 being in the midst of all the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01489-00357460-00357636 governments that decide the fate of men
_h7Yn21wjjg-01490-00357637-00357852 in the bosom of so many states the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01491-00357853-00358224 majority of them despotic there exists a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01492-00358225-00358440 certain realm which holds sway only over
_h7Yn21wjjg-01493-00358441-00358758 the mind that we honor with the name
_h7Yn21wjjg-01494-00358759-00358950 Republic because it preserves a measure
_h7Yn21wjjg-01495-00358951-00359160 of Independence and because it is almost
_h7Yn21wjjg-01496-00359161-00359424 its essence to be free it is the realm
_h7Yn21wjjg-01497-00359425-00359730 of talent and of thought the Republic of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01498-00359731-00359892 Letters was the sum of a number of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01499-00359893-00360111 Enlightenment ideals and a Galit aryan
_h7Yn21wjjg-01500-00360112-00360273 realm governed by knowledge that could
_h7Yn21wjjg-01501-00360274-00360444 act across political boundaries and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01502-00360445-00360735 rival state power it was a forum that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01503-00360736-00360959 supported free public examine a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01504-00360960-00361178 have questions regarding religion or
_h7Yn21wjjg-01505-00361179-00361457 legislation Immanuel Kant considered
_h7Yn21wjjg-01506-00361458-00361647 written communication essential to his
_h7Yn21wjjg-01507-00361648-00361845 conception of the public sphere once
_h7Yn21wjjg-01508-00361846-00362037 everyone was a part of the reading
_h7Yn21wjjg-01509-00362038-00362273 public then society could be said to be
_h7Yn21wjjg-01510-00362274-00362501 enlightened the people who participated
_h7Yn21wjjg-01511-00362502-00362708 in the Republic of Letters such as died
_h7Yn21wjjg-01512-00362709-00362906 row and Voltaire are frequently known
_h7Yn21wjjg-01513-00362907-00363140 today as important Enlightenment figures
_h7Yn21wjjg-01514-00363141-00363377 indeed the men who wrote died wrote
_h7Yn21wjjg-01515-00363378-00363632 encyclopedia arguably formed a microcosm
_h7Yn21wjjg-01516-00363633-00364007 of the larger Republic many women played
_h7Yn21wjjg-01517-00364008-00364146 an essential part in the French
_h7Yn21wjjg-01518-00364147-00364310 enlightenment due to the role they
_h7Yn21wjjg-01519-00364311-00364529 played as salon years in Parisian salons
_h7Yn21wjjg-01520-00364530-00364750 as the contrast to the male philosophies
_h7Yn21wjjg-01521-00364751-00365022 the salon was the principal social
_h7Yn21wjjg-01522-00365023-00365268 institution of the Republican became the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01523-00365269-00365501 civil working spaces of the project of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01524-00365502-00365814 enlightenment women as salon years were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01525-00365815-00365997 the legitimate governors of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01526-00365998-00366315 potentially unruly discourse that took
_h7Yn21wjjg-01527-00366316-00366465 place within while women were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01528-00366466-00366669 marginalized in the public culture of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01529-00366670-00366870 the old regime the French Revolution
_h7Yn21wjjg-01530-00366871-00367073 destroyed the old cultural and economic
_h7Yn21wjjg-01531-00367074-00367263 restraints of patronage and corporatism
_h7Yn21wjjg-01532-00367264-00367518 guilds opening French society to female
_h7Yn21wjjg-01533-00367519-00367700 participation particularly in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01534-00367701-00367883 literary sphere in France the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01535-00367884-00368102 established men of letters gens de letra
_h7Yn21wjjg-01536-00368103-00368319 had fused with the elites les grands a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01537-00368320-00368557 French society by the mid 18th century
_h7Yn21wjjg-01538-00368558-00368790 this led to the creation of an
_h7Yn21wjjg-01539-00368791-00369005 oppositional literary sphere grub Street
_h7Yn21wjjg-01540-00369006-00369270 the domain of a multitude a versa fires
_h7Yn21wjjg-01541-00369271-00369578 and would-be authors these men came to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01542-00369579-00369758 London to become authors only to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01543-00369759-00369947 discover that the literary market simply
_h7Yn21wjjg-01544-00369948-00370113 could not support large numbers of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01545-00370114-00370341 writers who in any case were very Puli
_h7Yn21wjjg-01546-00370342-00370491 remunerated by the publishing
_h7Yn21wjjg-01547-00370492-00370689 bookselling guilds the writers of grub
_h7Yn21wjjg-01548-00370690-00370880 Street the grub Street hacks will left
_h7Yn21wjjg-01549-00370881-00371030 feeling bitter about the relative
_h7Yn21wjjg-01550-00371031-00371220 success of the men of letters and found
_h7Yn21wjjg-01551-00371221-00371388 an outlet for their literature which was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01552-00371389-00371670 typify by the libel written mostly in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01553-00371671-00371843 the form of pamphlets the libels
_h7Yn21wjjg-01554-00371844-00372072 slandered the court the church the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01555-00372073-00372342 aristocracy the academies the salons
_h7Yn21wjjg-01556-00372343-00372564 everything elevated and respectable
_h7Yn21wjjg-01557-00372565-00372932 including the monarchy itself legacy
_h7Yn21wjjg-01558-00372933-00373184 Acuras by Charles fever Noda more and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01559-00373185-00373478 was a prototype of the genre it was grub
_h7Yn21wjjg-01560-00373479-00373671 Street literature that was most read by
_h7Yn21wjjg-01561-00373672-00373855 the public during the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01562-00373856-00374121 according to Danton more importantly the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01563-00374122-00374337 grub Street hacks inherited thee Rev
_h7Yn21wjjg-01564-00374338-00374583 lucien airy spirit once displayed by the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01565-00374584-00374772 philosophies and paved the way for the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01566-00374773-00374967 french revolution by desica lysing
_h7Yn21wjjg-01567-00374968-00375171 figures of political moral and religious
_h7Yn21wjjg-01568-00375172-00375939 authority in france topic the book
_h7Yn21wjjg-01569-00375940-00376500 industry the increased consumption of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01570-00376501-00376701 reading materials of all sorts was one
_h7Yn21wjjg-01571-00376702-00376892 of the key features of the social
_h7Yn21wjjg-01572-00376893-00377142 enlightenment developments in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01573-00377143-00377352 Industrial Revolution allowed consumer
_h7Yn21wjjg-01574-00377353-00377493 goods to be produced in greater
_h7Yn21wjjg-01575-00377494-00377712 quantities at lower prices encouraging
_h7Yn21wjjg-01576-00377713-00377943 the spread of books pamphlets newspapers
_h7Yn21wjjg-01577-00377944-00378198 and journals media of the transmission
_h7Yn21wjjg-01578-00378199-00378501 of ideas and attitudes commercial
_h7Yn21wjjg-01579-00378502-00378669 development likewise increased the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01580-00378670-00378888 demand for information along with rising
_h7Yn21wjjg-01581-00378889-00379124 populations and increased urbanization
_h7Yn21wjjg-01582-00379125-00379389 however demand for reading material
_h7Yn21wjjg-01583-00379390-00379548 extended outside of the realm of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01584-00379549-00379728 commercial and outside the realm of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01585-00379729-00379923 upper and middle classes as evidenced by
_h7Yn21wjjg-01586-00379924-00380214 the bibliothèque blue literacy rates are
_h7Yn21wjjg-01587-00380215-00380388 difficult to gauge but in France the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01588-00380389-00380544 rates doubled over the course of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01589-00380545-00380832 18th century reflecting the decreasing
_h7Yn21wjjg-01590-00380833-00381024 influence of religion the number of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01591-00381025-00381216 books about science and art published in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01592-00381217-00381525 Paris doubled from 1720 to 1780 while
_h7Yn21wjjg-01593-00381526-00381663 the number of books about religion
_h7Yn21wjjg-01594-00381664-00381858 dropped to just one tenth of the total
_h7Yn21wjjg-01595-00381859-00382062 reading underwent serious changes in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01596-00382063-00382329 18th century in particular
_h7Yn21wjjg-01597-00382330-00382491 Rolf Engel Singh has argued for the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01598-00382492-00382776 existence of a reading revolution until
_h7Yn21wjjg-01599-00382777-00383076 1750 reading was done intensively people
_h7Yn21wjjg-01600-00383077-00383253 tended to own a small number of books
_h7Yn21wjjg-01601-00383254-00383451 and read them repeatedly often to small
_h7Yn21wjjg-01602-00383452-00383855 audience after 1750 people began to read
_h7Yn21wjjg-01603-00383856-00384147 extensively finding as many books as
_h7Yn21wjjg-01604-00384148-00384312 they could increasingly reading them
_h7Yn21wjjg-01605-00384313-00384585 alone this is supported by increasing
_h7Yn21wjjg-01606-00384586-00384783 literacy rates particularly among women
_h7Yn21wjjg-01607-00384784-00384984 the vast majority of the reading public
_h7Yn21wjjg-01608-00384985-00385140 could not afford to own a private
_h7Yn21wjjg-01609-00385141-00385355 library and while most of the state-run
_h7Yn21wjjg-01610-00385356-00385704 universal libraries set up in the 17th
_h7Yn21wjjg-01611-00385705-00385890 and 18th centuries were open to the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01612-00385891-00386082 public they were not the only sources of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01613-00386083-00386334 reading material on one end of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01614-00386335-00386520 spectrum was the bibliothèque blue a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01615-00386521-00386694 collection of cheaply produced books
_h7Yn21wjjg-01616-00386695-00387018 published in troy's France intended for
_h7Yn21wjjg-01617-00387019-00387231 a largely rural and semi-rural audience
_h7Yn21wjjg-01618-00387232-00387468 these books included almanacs retellings
_h7Yn21wjjg-01619-00387469-00387657 of medieval romances and condensed
_h7Yn21wjjg-01620-00387658-00387759 versions of popular
_h7Yn21wjjg-01621-00387760-00388035 novels among other things while some
_h7Yn21wjjg-01622-00388036-00388200 historians have argued against the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01623-00388201-00388368 Enlightenment's penetration into the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01624-00388369-00388563 lower classes the bibliothèque blue
_h7Yn21wjjg-01625-00388564-00388719 represents at least a desire to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01626-00388720-00388982 participate in enlightenment sociability
_h7Yn21wjjg-01627-00388983-00389235 moving up the classes a variety of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01628-00389236-00389451 institutions offered readers access to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01629-00389452-00389681 material without needing to buy anything
_h7Yn21wjjg-01630-00389682-00389913 libraries that lend out their material
_h7Yn21wjjg-01631-00389914-00390117 for a small price started to appear and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01632-00390118-00390282 occasionally bookstores would offer a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01633-00390283-00390509 small lending library to their patrons
_h7Yn21wjjg-01634-00390510-00390762 coffee houses commonly offered books
_h7Yn21wjjg-01635-00390763-00390981 journals and sometimes even popular
_h7Yn21wjjg-01636-00390982-00391248 novels to their customers the Tattler
_h7Yn21wjjg-01637-00391249-00391418 and The Spectator two influential
_h7Yn21wjjg-01638-00391419-00391815 periodicals salt from 1709 to 1714 were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01639-00391816-00391992 closely associated with coffeehouse
_h7Yn21wjjg-01640-00391993-00392217 culture in London being both read and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01641-00392218-00392409 produced in various establishments in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01642-00392410-00392658 the city this is an example of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01643-00392659-00392868 triple or even quadruple function of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01644-00392869-00393084 coffeehouse reading material was often
_h7Yn21wjjg-01645-00393085-00393264 obtained read discussed and even
_h7Yn21wjjg-01646-00393265-00393588 produced on the premises it is extremely
_h7Yn21wjjg-01647-00393589-00393732 difficult to determine what people
_h7Yn21wjjg-01648-00393733-00393920 actually read during the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01649-00393921-00394218 for example examining the catalogues of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01650-00394219-00394413 private libraries gives an image skewed
_h7Yn21wjjg-01651-00394414-00394605 in favor of the classes wealthy enough
_h7Yn21wjjg-01652-00394606-00394806 to afford libraries and also ignore
_h7Yn21wjjg-01653-00394807-00395016 censored works unlikely to be publicly
_h7Yn21wjjg-01654-00395017-00395292 acknowledged for this reason a study of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01655-00395293-00395478 publishing would be much more fruitful
_h7Yn21wjjg-01656-00395479-00395667 for discerning reading habits across
_h7Yn21wjjg-01657-00395668-00395832 continental Europe but in France
_h7Yn21wjjg-01658-00395833-00396033 especially booksellers and publishers
_h7Yn21wjjg-01659-00396034-00396231 had to negotiate censorship laws of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01660-00396232-00396339 varying strictness
_h7Yn21wjjg-01661-00396340-00396627 for example the encyclopedia narrowly
_h7Yn21wjjg-01662-00396628-00396837 escaped seizure and had to be saved by
_h7Yn21wjjg-01663-00396838-00397026 male Serbs the man in charge of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01664-00397027-00397326 French censor indeed many publishing
_h7Yn21wjjg-01665-00397327-00397485 companies were conveniently located
_h7Yn21wjjg-01666-00397486-00397665 outside France so as to avoid
_h7Yn21wjjg-01667-00397666-00397947 overzealous French censors they would
_h7Yn21wjjg-01668-00397948-00398124 smuggle their merchandise across the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01669-00398125-00398247 border where it would then be
_h7Yn21wjjg-01670-00398248-00398454 transported to clandestine booksellers
_h7Yn21wjjg-01671-00398455-00398748 or small-time peddlers the records of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01672-00398749-00398919 clandestine booksellers may give a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01673-00398920-00399111 better representation of what liberabit
_h7Yn21wjjg-01674-00399112-00399300 Frenchmen might have freely read since
_h7Yn21wjjg-01675-00399301-00399501 their clandestine nature provided a less
_h7Yn21wjjg-01676-00399502-00399801 restrictive product choice in one case
_h7Yn21wjjg-01677-00399802-00400002 political books were the most popular
_h7Yn21wjjg-01678-00400003-00400262 category primarily libels and pamphlets
_h7Yn21wjjg-01679-00400263-00400470 readers were more interested in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01680-00400471-00400692 sensationalist stories about criminals
_h7Yn21wjjg-01681-00400693-00400842 and political corruption than they were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01682-00400843-00401071 in political theory itself
_h7Yn21wjjg-01683-00401072-00401335 the second most popular category general
_h7Yn21wjjg-01684-00401336-00401626 works those books that did not have a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01685-00401627-00401824 dominant motif and that contains
_h7Yn21wjjg-01686-00401825-00402049 something to offend almost everyone in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01687-00402050-00402373 authority demonstrated a high demand for
_h7Yn21wjjg-01688-00402374-00402564 generally lowbrow subversive literature
_h7Yn21wjjg-01689-00402565-00402850 however these works never became part of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01690-00402851-00403042 literary canon and are largely forgotten
_h7Yn21wjjg-01691-00403043-00403267 today as a result a healthy legal
_h7Yn21wjjg-01692-00403268-00403444 publishing industry existed throughout
_h7Yn21wjjg-01693-00403445-00403651 Europe although established publishers
_h7Yn21wjjg-01694-00403652-00403843 and booksellers occasionally ran afoul
_h7Yn21wjjg-01695-00403844-00404167 of the law for example the encyclopédie
_h7Yn21wjjg-01696-00404168-00404371 condemned not only by the king but also
_h7Yn21wjjg-01697-00404372-00404599 by Clement the 12th nevertheless found
_h7Yn21wjjg-01698-00404600-00404788 its way into print with the help of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01699-00404789-00404986 aforementioned males verbs and creative
_h7Yn21wjjg-01700-00404987-00405256 use of French censorship law however
_h7Yn21wjjg-01701-00405257-00405445 many works were sold without running
_h7Yn21wjjg-01702-00405446-00405724 into any legal trouble at all borrowing
_h7Yn21wjjg-01703-00405725-00405919 records from libraries in England
_h7Yn21wjjg-01704-00405920-00406162 Germany and North America indicate that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01705-00406163-00406375 more than 70% of books borrowed were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01706-00406376-00406699 novels less than 1% of the books were of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01707-00406700-00406876 a religious nature indicating the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01708-00406877-00407556 general trend of declining religiosity
_h7Yn21wjjg-01709-00407557-00408202 topic Natural History as onra that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01710-00408203-00408388 greatly rose in importance was that of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01711-00408389-00408694 scientific literature Natural History in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01712-00408695-00408910 particular became increasingly popular
_h7Yn21wjjg-01713-00408911-00409168 among the upper classes works of Natural
_h7Yn21wjjg-01714-00409169-00409417 History include Rene Antoine first elder
_h7Yn21wjjg-01715-00409418-00409666 Reimers hist WA natural des insect es in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01716-00409667-00409870 Jacques Cartier diggities la Malaga
_h7Yn21wjjg-01717-00409871-00410068 complete our description that tells les
_h7Yn21wjjg-01718-00410068-00410479 muscles du coeur humane 1746 outside
_h7Yn21wjjg-01719-00410480-00410716 ancient regime France natural history
_h7Yn21wjjg-01720-00410717-00410899 was an important part of medicine and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01721-00410900-00411088 Industry encompassing the fields of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01722-00411089-00411400 botany zoology meteorology hydrology and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01723-00411401-00411664 mineralogy students in enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01724-00411664-00411874 universities and academies were taught
_h7Yn21wjjg-01725-00411875-00412018 these subjects to prepare them for
_h7Yn21wjjg-01726-00412018-00412210 careers as diverse as medicine and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01727-00412210-00412525 theology as shown by Mathieu Daniel Eddy
_h7Yn21wjjg-01728-00412526-00412747 natural history in this context was a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01729-00412747-00412957 very middle class pursuit and operated
_h7Yn21wjjg-01730-00412958-00413128 as a fertile training zone for the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01731-00413129-00413322 interdisciplinary exchange of diverse
_h7Yn21wjjg-01732-00413324-00413563 scientific ideas the target audience of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01733-00413564-00413743 Natural History was French polite
_h7Yn21wjjg-01734-00413743-00413971 society evidenced more by the specific
_h7Yn21wjjg-01735-00413972-00414118 discourse of the genre than by the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01736-00414118-00414372 generally high prices of its works
_h7Yn21wjjg-01737-00414372-00414593 naturalist skated too polite society's
_h7Yn21wjjg-01738-00414595-00414831 desire for erudition many Texas had an
_h7Yn21wjjg-01739-00414832-00415085 explicit instructive purpose however
_h7Yn21wjjg-01740-00415087-00415322 Natural History was often a political
_h7Yn21wjjg-01741-00415324-00415554 affair as Emma Sperry writes the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01742-00415555-00415746 classifications used by natural ists
_h7Yn21wjjg-01743-00415747-00415992 slipped between the natural world and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01744-00415993-00416400 the social to establish not only the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01745-00416401-00416613 expertise of the natural ists over the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01746-00416614-00416822 natural but also the dominance of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01747-00416824-00417141 natural over the social the idea of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01748-00417142-00417389 taste Lagarde was a social indicator to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01749-00417391-00417618 truly be able to categorize nature one
_h7Yn21wjjg-01750-00417618-00417816 had to have the proper taste and ability
_h7Yn21wjjg-01751-00417817-00418002 of discretion shared by all members of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01752-00418003-00418289 polite society in this way Natural
_h7Yn21wjjg-01753-00418291-00418488 History spread many of the scientific
_h7Yn21wjjg-01754-00418489-00418650 developments of the time but also
_h7Yn21wjjg-01755-00418651-00418896 provided a new source of legitimacy for
_h7Yn21wjjg-01756-00418897-00419163 the dominant class from this basis
_h7Yn21wjjg-01757-00419164-00419355 naturalists could then develop their own
_h7Yn21wjjg-01758-00419356-00419543 social ideals based on their scientific
_h7Yn21wjjg-01759-00419545-00420363 works topic scientific and literary
_h7Yn21wjjg-01760-00420364-00420722 journals
_h7Yn21wjjg-01761-00420723-00420970 the first scientific in literary
_h7Yn21wjjg-01762-00420971-00421162 journals were established during the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01763-00421163-00421366 Enlightenment the first journal the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01764-00421367-00421614 Parisian journal des Caverns appeared in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01765-00421614-00422056 1665 however it was not until 1680 -
_h7Yn21wjjg-01766-00422057-00422260 that periodicals began to be more widely
_h7Yn21wjjg-01767-00422260-00422527 produced French and Latin were the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01768-00422528-00422737 dominant languages of publication but
_h7Yn21wjjg-01769-00422738-00422908 there was also a steady demand for
_h7Yn21wjjg-01770-00422909-00423178 material in German and Dutch it was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01771-00423179-00423318 generally low demand for English
_h7Yn21wjjg-01772-00423319-00423537 publications on the continent which was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01773-00423538-00423747 echoed by England similar lack of desire
_h7Yn21wjjg-01774-00423748-00424051 for French works language is commanding
_h7Yn21wjjg-01775-00424052-00424291 less of an international market such as
_h7Yn21wjjg-01776-00424292-00424576 Danish Spanish and Portuguese found
_h7Yn21wjjg-01777-00424577-00424774 journal success more difficult and more
_h7Yn21wjjg-01778-00424775-00424900 often than not a more international
_h7Yn21wjjg-01779-00424901-00425227 language was used instead French slowly
_h7Yn21wjjg-01780-00425228-00425412 took over Latin status as the lingua
_h7Yn21wjjg-01781-00425413-00425718 franca of learning circles this in turn
_h7Yn21wjjg-01782-00425719-00425881 gave precedence to the publishing
_h7Yn21wjjg-01783-00425882-00426076 industry in Holland where the vast
_h7Yn21wjjg-01784-00426077-00426235 majority of these French language
_h7Yn21wjjg-01785-00426235-00426412 periodicals were produced
_h7Yn21wjjg-01786-00426413-00426607 Jonathan Israel called the journals the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01787-00426608-00426826 most influential cultural innovation of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01788-00426827-00427093 European intellectual culture they
_h7Yn21wjjg-01789-00427093-00427300 shifted the attention of the cultivated
_h7Yn21wjjg-01790-00427301-00427582 public away from established authorities
_h7Yn21wjjg-01791-00427583-00427774 to novelty and innovation and instead
_h7Yn21wjjg-01792-00427775-00428059 promoted the enlightened ideals of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01793-00428060-00428251 toleration and intellectual objectivity
_h7Yn21wjjg-01794-00428252-00428497 being a source of knowledge derived from
_h7Yn21wjjg-01795-00428497-00428683 science and reason they were an implicit
_h7Yn21wjjg-01796-00428684-00428862 critique of existing motions of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01797-00428863-00429031 universal truth monopolized by
_h7Yn21wjjg-01798-00429032-00429226 monarchies Parliament's and religious
_h7Yn21wjjg-01799-00429227-00429529 authorities they also advanced Christian
_h7Yn21wjjg-01800-00429530-00429751 enlightenment that upheld the legitimacy
_h7Yn21wjjg-01801-00429752-00430141 of God ordained Authority the Bible in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01802-00430142-00430303 which there had to be agreement between
_h7Yn21wjjg-01803-00430304-00430981 the biblical and natural theories
_h7Yn21wjjg-01804-00430982-00431564 topic encyclopedias and dictionaries
_h7Yn21wjjg-01805-00431566-00431803 although the existence of dictionaries
_h7Yn21wjjg-01806-00431804-00432028 and encyclopedias spanned into ancient
_h7Yn21wjjg-01807-00432029-00432232 times the text is changed from simply
_h7Yn21wjjg-01808-00432233-00432439 defining words in a long-running list to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01809-00432439-00432628 far more detailed discussions of those
_h7Yn21wjjg-01810-00432629-00432859 words in eighteenth-century encyclopedic
_h7Yn21wjjg-01811-00432860-00433110 dictionaries the works were part of an
_h7Yn21wjjg-01812-00433112-00433272 Enlightenment movement to systematize
_h7Yn21wjjg-01813-00433274-00433480 knowledge and provide education to a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01814-00433481-00433741 wider audience than the elite as the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01815-00433742-00433963 18th century progressed the content of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01816-00433964-00434193 encyclopedias also changed according to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01817-00434195-00434479 Real Estate's volumes tended to focus
_h7Yn21wjjg-01818-00434480-00434668 more strongly on secular affairs
_h7Yn21wjjg-01819-00434668-00434875 particularly science and technology
_h7Yn21wjjg-01820-00434876-00435187 rather than matters of theology along
_h7Yn21wjjg-01821-00435188-00435358 with secular matters readers also
_h7Yn21wjjg-01822-00435359-00435577 favored an alphabetical ordering scheme
_h7Yn21wjjg-01823-00435578-00435745 over cumbersome works arranged along
_h7Yn21wjjg-01824-00435746-00436000 formatic lines commenting on
_h7Yn21wjjg-01825-00436001-00436231 alphabetization the historian Charles
_h7Yn21wjjg-01826-00436232-00436480 posit has said that as the zero degree
_h7Yn21wjjg-01827-00436481-00436708 of taxonomy alphabetical order
_h7Yn21wjjg-01828-00436709-00436935 authorizes all reading strategies in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01829-00436937-00437137 this respect it could be considered an
_h7Yn21wjjg-01830-00437138-00437443 emblem of the Enlightenment for posit
_h7Yn21wjjg-01831-00437443-00437587 the avoidance of thematic and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01832-00437588-00437800 hierarchical systems thus allows free
_h7Yn21wjjg-01833-00437801-00437992 interpretation of the works and becomes
_h7Yn21wjjg-01834-00437993-00438246 an example of a Galit arianism
_h7Yn21wjjg-01835-00438247-00438463 encyclopedias and dictionaries also
_h7Yn21wjjg-01836-00438464-00438658 became more popular during the Age of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01837-00438659-00438850 Enlightenment as the number of educated
_h7Yn21wjjg-01838-00438851-00439060 consumers who could afford such texts
_h7Yn21wjjg-01839-00439060-00439342 began to multiply in the latter half of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01840-00439343-00439513 the 18th century the number of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01841-00439514-00439738 dictionaries and encyclopedias published
_h7Yn21wjjg-01842-00439739-00440095 by decade increased from 63 between 1760
_h7Yn21wjjg-01843-00440096-00440482 and 1769 to approximately 148 in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01844-00440483-00440683 decade preceding the French Revolution
_h7Yn21wjjg-01845-00440684-00441127 1782 1789 along with growth in numbers
_h7Yn21wjjg-01846-00441128-00441385 dictionaries and encyclopedias also grew
_h7Yn21wjjg-01847-00441385-00441580 in length often having multiple print
_h7Yn21wjjg-01848-00441581-00441742 runs that sometimes included in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01849-00441743-00442024 supplemented editions the first
_h7Yn21wjjg-01850-00442025-00442255 technical dictionary was drafted by John
_h7Yn21wjjg-01851-00442256-00442447 Harris and entitled lexical Technic
_h7Yn21wjjg-01852-00442447-00442666 importand Universal English dictionary
_h7Yn21wjjg-01853-00442667-00442942 of Arts and Sciences Harris's book
_h7Yn21wjjg-01854-00442943-00443113 avoided theological and biographical
_h7Yn21wjjg-01855-00443114-00443350 entries and instead it concentrated on
_h7Yn21wjjg-01856-00443351-00443716 science and technology published in 1704
_h7Yn21wjjg-01857-00443717-00443938 the lexicon technican was the first book
_h7Yn21wjjg-01858-00443939-00444097 to be written in english that took a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01859-00444097-00444325 methodical approach to describing
_h7Yn21wjjg-01860-00444326-00444517 and commercial arithmetic along with the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01861-00444518-00444787 physical sciences and navigation other
_h7Yn21wjjg-01862-00444788-00445014 technical dictionaries followed Harris's
_h7Yn21wjjg-01863-00445016-00445207 model including Ephraim chambers
_h7Yn21wjjg-01864-00445208-00445303 cyclopædia
_h7Yn21wjjg-01865-00445304-00445579 17:28 which included five editions and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01866-00445580-00445756 was a substantially larger worked in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01867-00445757-00446035 Harris's the folio edition of the work
_h7Yn21wjjg-01868-00446035-00446289 even included fold-out engravings the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01869-00446291-00446551 cyclopædia emphasized newtonian theories
_h7Yn21wjjg-01870-00446552-00446734 Lockean philosophy and contained
_h7Yn21wjjg-01871-00446735-00446935 thorough examinations of technologies
_h7Yn21wjjg-01872-00446935-00447235 such as engraving brewing and dyeing in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01873-00447235-00447433 Germany practical reference works
_h7Yn21wjjg-01874-00447434-00447649 intended for the uneducated majority
_h7Yn21wjjg-01875-00447650-00447958 became popular in the 18th century the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01876-00447959-00448201 mapo-gu curious nature Kunstler
_h7Yn21wjjg-01877-00448202-00448489 Gilliland hanlin's lexicon 1712
_h7Yn21wjjg-01878-00448489-00448689 explained terms that usefully described
_h7Yn21wjjg-01879-00448691-00448860 the trades and scientific and commercial
_h7Yn21wjjg-01880-00448862-00449250 education chaplaincy albumin is lexicon
_h7Yn21wjjg-01881-00449251-00449488 1721 was better known than the hand
_h7Yn21wjjg-01882-00449489-00449692 lungs lexicon and underscore technical
_h7Yn21wjjg-01883-00449693-00449904 subjects rather than scientific theory
_h7Yn21wjjg-01884-00449905-00450181 for example over five columns of text
_h7Yn21wjjg-01885-00450182-00450427 were dedicated to wine while geometry
_h7Yn21wjjg-01886-00450428-00450670 and logic were allocated only 22 and 17
_h7Yn21wjjg-01887-00450671-00450991 lines respectively the first edition of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01888-00450992-00451327 the encyclopædia Britannica 1771 was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01889-00451328-00451492 modeled along the same lines as the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01890-00451493-00451699 German lexicons however the prime
_h7Yn21wjjg-01891-00451700-00451872 example of reference works that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01892-00451873-00452085 systematized scientific knowledge in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01893-00452087-00452284 Age of Enlightenment were Universal and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01894-00452285-00452452 cyclopædia is rather than technical
_h7Yn21wjjg-01895-00452453-00452677 dictionaries it was the goal of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01896-00452678-00452935 universal encyclopedias to record all
_h7Yn21wjjg-01897-00452935-00453109 human knowledge in a comprehensive
_h7Yn21wjjg-01898-00453110-00453360 reference work the most well-known of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01899-00453362-00453577 these works is Denis Diderot and Jean
_h7Yn21wjjg-01900-00453578-00453766 LaRhonda Lambert's encyclopedia
_h7Yn21wjjg-01901-00453767-00454006 dictionary raised on des Sciences des
_h7Yn21wjjg-01902-00454007-00454312 Arts at des métiers the work which began
_h7Yn21wjjg-01903-00454313-00454672 publication in 1751 was composed of 35
_h7Yn21wjjg-01904-00454672-00454962 volumes and over 71,000 separate entries
_h7Yn21wjjg-01905-00454963-00455209 the great number of the entries were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01906-00455210-00455422 dedicated to describing the sciences and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01907-00455422-00455599 crafts in detail and provided
_h7Yn21wjjg-01908-00455600-00455788 intellectuals across Europe with a high
_h7Yn21wjjg-01909-00455789-00456064 quality survey of human knowledge in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01910-00456064-00456277 Dalembert's preliminary discourse to the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01911-00456278-00456514 Encyclopedia or Die Rho the works goal
_h7Yn21wjjg-01912-00456514-00456691 to record the extent of human knowledge
_h7Yn21wjjg-01913-00456692-00456960 in the Arts and Sciences is outlined as
_h7Yn21wjjg-01914-00456960-00457260 an encyclopedia it is to set forth as
_h7Yn21wjjg-01915-00457262-00457405 well as possible the order and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01916-00457406-00457555 connection of the paths of human
_h7Yn21wjjg-01917-00457556-00457708 knowledge as a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01918-00457709-00457941 dictionary of the sciences arts and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01919-00457942-00458143 trades it is to contain the general
_h7Yn21wjjg-01920-00458143-00458335 principles that form the basis of each
_h7Yn21wjjg-01921-00458335-00458500 science in each art liberal or
_h7Yn21wjjg-01922-00458501-00458704 mechanical and the most essential facts
_h7Yn21wjjg-01923-00458705-00458875 that make up the body and substance of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01924-00458876-00459157 each the massive work was arranged
_h7Yn21wjjg-01925-00459158-00459406 according to her tree of knowledge the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01926-00459407-00459577 tree reflected the marked division
_h7Yn21wjjg-01927-00459578-00459778 between the Arts and Sciences which was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01928-00459779-00459939 largely a result of the rise of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01929-00459940-00460225 empiricism both areas of knowledge were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01930-00460226-00460456 united by philosophy or the trunk of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01931-00460457-00460693 tree of knowledge the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-01932-00460693-00460882 desacralization of religion was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01933-00460883-00461029 pronounced in the trees design
_h7Yn21wjjg-01934-00461030-00461235 particularly where theology accounted
_h7Yn21wjjg-01935-00461236-00461431 for a peripheral branch with black magic
_h7Yn21wjjg-01936-00461432-00461749 as a close neighbor as the encyclopedia
_h7Yn21wjjg-01937-00461750-00461958 gained popularity it was published in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01938-00461959-00462274 cuarto on october auditions after 1777
_h7Yn21wjjg-01939-00462275-00462564 the cuarto and octaver editions were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01940-00462565-00462739 much less expensive than previous
_h7Yn21wjjg-01941-00462739-00462958 editions making the encyclopedia more
_h7Yn21wjjg-01942-00462959-00463212 accessible to the non elite Robert
_h7Yn21wjjg-01943-00463213-00463357 Darnton estimates that there were
_h7Yn21wjjg-01944-00463358-00463603 approximately 25,000 copies of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01945-00463604-00463812 Encyclopedia in circulation throughout
_h7Yn21wjjg-01946-00463813-00463989 France in Europe before the French
_h7Yn21wjjg-01947-00463990-00464283 Revolution the extensive yet affordable
_h7Yn21wjjg-01948-00464284-00464500 encyclopedia came to represent the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01949-00464501-00464650 transmission of Enlightenment and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01950-00464651-00464872 scientific education to an expanding
_h7Yn21wjjg-01951-00464872-00466016 audience topic popularization of science
_h7Yn21wjjg-01952-00466017-00466279 one of the most important developments
_h7Yn21wjjg-01953-00466280-00466441 that the Enlightenment era brought to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01954-00466442-00466593 the discipline of science was its
_h7Yn21wjjg-01955-00466594-00466876 popularization an increasingly literate
_h7Yn21wjjg-01956-00466877-00467043 population seeking knowledge and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01957-00467044-00467220 education in both the arts and the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01958-00467221-00467422 sciences drove the expansion of print
_h7Yn21wjjg-01959-00467422-00467575 culture and the dissemination of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01960-00467576-00467827 scientific learning the new literate
_h7Yn21wjjg-01961-00467828-00468052 population was due to a high rise in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01962-00468053-00468331 availability of food this enabled many
_h7Yn21wjjg-01963-00468332-00468514 people to rise out of poverty and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01964-00468514-00468724 instead of paying more for food they had
_h7Yn21wjjg-01965-00468725-00468870 money for education
_h7Yn21wjjg-01966-00468871-00469141 popularization was generally part of an
_h7Yn21wjjg-01967-00469142-00469333 overarching enlightenment ideal that
_h7Yn21wjjg-01968-00469334-00469522 endeavoured to make information
_h7Yn21wjjg-01969-00469522-00469699 available to the greatest number of
_h7Yn21wjjg-01970-00469700-00469995 people as public interest in natural
_h7Yn21wjjg-01971-00469996-00470193 philosophy grew during the 18th century
_h7Yn21wjjg-01972-00470194-00470389 public lecture courses and the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01973-00470389-00470602 publication of popular texts opened up
_h7Yn21wjjg-01974-00470603-00470814 new roads to money and fame for amateurs
_h7Yn21wjjg-01975-00470815-00470977 and scientists who remained on the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01976-00470978-00471108 periphery of universe
_h7Yn21wjjg-01977-00471109-00471420 Academy's more formal works included
_h7Yn21wjjg-01978-00471421-00471645 explanations of scientific theories for
_h7Yn21wjjg-01979-00471646-00471831 individuals lacking the educational
_h7Yn21wjjg-01980-00471832-00472008 background to comprehend the original
_h7Yn21wjjg-01981-00472009-00472302 scientific text Sir Isaac Newton's
_h7Yn21wjjg-01982-00472303-00472506 celebrated philosophy I natural as
_h7Yn21wjjg-01983-00472507-00472695 prints appear Mathematica was published
_h7Yn21wjjg-01984-00472696-00472881 in Latin and remained inaccessible to
_h7Yn21wjjg-01985-00472882-00473050 readers without education in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01986-00473051-00473233 classics until enlightenment writers
_h7Yn21wjjg-01987-00473234-00473439 began to translate and analyze the text
_h7Yn21wjjg-01988-00473440-00473754 in the vernacular the first significant
_h7Yn21wjjg-01989-00473755-00473943 work that expressed scientific theory
_h7Yn21wjjg-01990-00473944-00474133 and knowledge expressly for the lady in
_h7Yn21wjjg-01991-00474134-00474252 the vernacular and with the
_h7Yn21wjjg-01992-00474253-00474445 entertainment of readers in mind was
_h7Yn21wjjg-01993-00474446-00474649 Bernhard to fontanel's conversations on
_h7Yn21wjjg-01994-00474650-00475018 the plurality of worlds 1686 the book
_h7Yn21wjjg-01995-00475018-00475218 was produced specifically for women with
_h7Yn21wjjg-01996-00475219-00475408 an interest in scientific writing and
_h7Yn21wjjg-01997-00475409-00475608 inspired a variety of similar works
_h7Yn21wjjg-01998-00475609-00475860 these popular works were written in a
_h7Yn21wjjg-01999-00475861-00476070 discursive style which was laid out much
_h7Yn21wjjg-02000-00476071-00476229 more clearly for the reader than the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02001-00476230-00476458 complicated articles treatises and books
_h7Yn21wjjg-02002-00476459-00476610 published by the academies and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02003-00476611-00476964 scientists Charles Ledbetter's astronomy
_h7Yn21wjjg-02004-00476964-00477295 1727 was advertised as a work entirely
_h7Yn21wjjg-02005-00477296-00477589 new that would include short and easy
_h7Yn21wjjg-02006-00477589-00477939 SiC rules and astronomical tables the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02007-00477940-00478125 first French introduction to Newtonian
_h7Yn21wjjg-02008-00478126-00478327 ISM and the prints appear was elements
_h7Yn21wjjg-02009-00478328-00478543 tula philosophy dan Newton published by
_h7Yn21wjjg-02010-00478543-00478924 Voltaire in 1738 Emilie du châtelet
_h7Yn21wjjg-02011-00478925-00479085 translation of the prints appear
_h7Yn21wjjg-02012-00479086-00479400 published after her death in 1756 also
_h7Yn21wjjg-02013-00479401-00479595 helped to spread Newton theories beyond
_h7Yn21wjjg-02014-00479596-00479837 scientific academies in the university
_h7Yn21wjjg-02015-00479838-00480087 writing for a growing female audience
_h7Yn21wjjg-02016-00480088-00480312 francesco Albert II published ill
_h7Yn21wjjg-02017-00480313-00480520 Newtonian is impaired aim which was a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02018-00480521-00480706 tremendously popular work and was
_h7Yn21wjjg-02019-00480707-00480931 translated from Italian into English by
_h7Yn21wjjg-02020-00480932-00481164 Elizabeth Carter the similar
_h7Yn21wjjg-02021-00481165-00481387 introduction to Newtonian ISM for women
_h7Yn21wjjg-02022-00481388-00481581 was produced by Henry Pemberton
_h7Yn21wjjg-02023-00481582-00481810 he's a view of Sir Isaac Newton's
_h7Yn21wjjg-02024-00481810-00482058 philosophy was published by subscription
_h7Yn21wjjg-02025-00482059-00482331 extant records of subscribers show that
_h7Yn21wjjg-02026-00482332-00482491 women from a wide range of social
_h7Yn21wjjg-02027-00482492-00482718 standings purchased the book indicating
_h7Yn21wjjg-02028-00482719-00482877 the growing number of scientifically
_h7Yn21wjjg-02029-00482878-00483093 inclined female readers among the middle
_h7Yn21wjjg-02030-00483094-00483391 in class during the Enlightenment women
_h7Yn21wjjg-02031-00483392-00483610 also began producing popular scientific
_h7Yn21wjjg-02032-00483610-00483918 works themselves Sara trimmer wrote a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02033-00483919-00484162 successful natural history textbook for
_h7Yn21wjjg-02034-00484163-00484377 children titled the easy introduction to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02035-00484378-00484497 the knowledge of nature
_h7Yn21wjjg-02036-00484498-00484768 1782 which was published for many years
_h7Yn21wjjg-02037-00484768-00485568 after in 11 editions topic schools and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02038-00485569-00486097 universities most work on the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02039-00486097-00486289 Enlightenment emphasizes the ideals
_h7Yn21wjjg-02040-00486289-00486489 discussed by intellectuals rather than
_h7Yn21wjjg-02041-00486490-00486672 the actual state of education at the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02042-00486673-00486964 time leading educational theorists like
_h7Yn21wjjg-02043-00486964-00487135 England's John Locke and Switzerland
_h7Yn21wjjg-02044-00487135-00487341 jean-jacques Rousseau both emphasized
_h7Yn21wjjg-02045-00487342-00487518 the importance of shaping young minds
_h7Yn21wjjg-02046-00487519-00487783 early by the late enlightenment there
_h7Yn21wjjg-02047-00487784-00488002 was a rising demand for a more Universal
_h7Yn21wjjg-02048-00488003-00488239 approach to education particularly after
_h7Yn21wjjg-02049-00488239-00488545 the American and French Revolutions the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02050-00488546-00488760 predominant educational psychology from
_h7Yn21wjjg-02051-00488761-00489043 the 1750s onward especially in northern
_h7Yn21wjjg-02052-00489043-00489256 European countries was associationism
_h7Yn21wjjg-02053-00489257-00489466 the notion that the mind associates or
_h7Yn21wjjg-02054-00489467-00489643 dissociates ideas through repeated
_h7Yn21wjjg-02055-00489643-00489948 routines in addition to being conducive
_h7Yn21wjjg-02056-00489949-00490166 to enlightenment ideologies of liberty
_h7Yn21wjjg-02057-00490167-00490350 self-determination and personal
_h7Yn21wjjg-02058-00490351-00490554 responsibility it offered a practical
_h7Yn21wjjg-02059-00490555-00490710 theory of the mind that allowed teachers
_h7Yn21wjjg-02060-00490711-00490918 to transform long-standing forms of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02061-00490918-00491097 print and manuscript culture into
_h7Yn21wjjg-02062-00491098-00491281 effective graphic tools of learning for
_h7Yn21wjjg-02063-00491282-00491493 the lower and middle orders of society
_h7Yn21wjjg-02064-00491493-00491718 children were taught to memorize facts
_h7Yn21wjjg-02065-00491719-00491902 through oral and graphic methods that
_h7Yn21wjjg-02066-00491903-00492112 originated during the Renaissance many
_h7Yn21wjjg-02067-00492113-00492331 of the leading universities associated
_h7Yn21wjjg-02068-00492332-00492462 with enlightenment progressive
_h7Yn21wjjg-02069-00492463-00492637 principles were located in northern
_h7Yn21wjjg-02070-00492638-00492814 Europe with the most renowned being the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02071-00492814-00493029 universities of Leiden Godding and hell
_h7Yn21wjjg-02072-00493030-00493225 a Montpellier Uppsala and Edinburgh
_h7Yn21wjjg-02073-00493226-00493479 these universities especially Edinburgh
_h7Yn21wjjg-02074-00493480-00493683 produced professors whose ideas had a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02075-00493684-00493870 significant impact on Britain's North
_h7Yn21wjjg-02076-00493871-00494079 American colonies and later the American
_h7Yn21wjjg-02077-00494080-00494356 Republic within the natural sciences
_h7Yn21wjjg-02078-00494357-00494562 Edinburgh Medical School also led the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02079-00494563-00494748 way in chemistry anatomy and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02080-00494749-00495000 pharmacology in other parts of Europe
_h7Yn21wjjg-02081-00495001-00495231 the universities and schools of France
_h7Yn21wjjg-02082-00495232-00495408 and most of Europe were bastions of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02083-00495409-00495589 traditionalism and were not hospitable
_h7Yn21wjjg-02084-00495589-00495870 to the Enlightenment in France the major
_h7Yn21wjjg-02085-00495871-00496087 exception was the Medical University at
_h7Yn21wjjg-02086-00496088-00497235 Montpellier topic learned academies the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02087-00497236-00497427 history of academies in France during
_h7Yn21wjjg-02088-00497428-00497577 the Enlightenment begins with the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02089-00497578-00497889 academy of science founded in 1635 in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02090-00497891-00498172 eris it was closely tied to the French
_h7Yn21wjjg-02091-00498172-00498355 state acting as an extension of a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02092-00498356-00498508 government seriously lacking in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02093-00498509-00498766 scientists it helped promote and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02094-00498767-00498958 organize new disciplines and it trained
_h7Yn21wjjg-02095-00498959-00499260 new scientists it also contributed to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02096-00499262-00499438 the enhancement of scientists social
_h7Yn21wjjg-02097-00499439-00499689 status considering them to be their most
_h7Yn21wjjg-02098-00499691-00499987 useful of all citizens academies
_h7Yn21wjjg-02099-00499988-00500164 demonstrate the rising interest in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02100-00500164-00500332 science along with its increasing
_h7Yn21wjjg-02101-00500333-00500557 secularization as evidenced by the small
_h7Yn21wjjg-02102-00500558-00500818 number of clerics who were members 13%
_h7Yn21wjjg-02103-00500818-00501091 the presence of the French academies in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02104-00501092-00501259 the public sphere cannot be attributed
_h7Yn21wjjg-02105-00501260-00501451 to their membership as although the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02106-00501452-00501639 majority of their members were bourgeois
_h7Yn21wjjg-02107-00501641-00501895 the exclusive institution was only open
_h7Yn21wjjg-02108-00501896-00502180 to Le Parisien scholars they perceived
_h7Yn21wjjg-02109-00502181-00502389 themselves as interpreters of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02110-00502391-00502699 sciences for the people for example it
_h7Yn21wjjg-02111-00502700-00502888 was with this in mind that academicians
_h7Yn21wjjg-02112-00502889-00503080 took it upon themselves to disprove the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02113-00503081-00503310 popular pseudoscience of mesmerism the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02114-00503312-00503476 strongest contribution of the French
_h7Yn21wjjg-02115-00503477-00503659 academies to the public sphere comes
_h7Yn21wjjg-02116-00503660-00503847 from the conquer academics roughly
_h7Yn21wjjg-02117-00503849-00504163 translated as academic contests they
_h7Yn21wjjg-02118-00504164-00504334 sponsored throughout France these
_h7Yn21wjjg-02119-00504335-00504532 academic contests were perhaps the most
_h7Yn21wjjg-02120-00504533-00504742 public of any institution during the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02121-00504743-00505009 Enlightenment the practice of contests
_h7Yn21wjjg-02122-00505010-00505189 dated back to the Middle Ages and was
_h7Yn21wjjg-02123-00505189-00505489 revived in the mid 17th century the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02124-00505489-00505666 subject matter had previously been
_h7Yn21wjjg-02125-00505667-00505872 generally religious and/or monarchical
_h7Yn21wjjg-02126-00505874-00506109 featuring essays poetry and painting
_h7Yn21wjjg-02127-00506110-00506482 however by roughly 1725 this subject
_h7Yn21wjjg-02128-00506483-00506650 matter had radically expanded and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02129-00506651-00506917 diversified including royal propaganda
_h7Yn21wjjg-02130-00506918-00507145 philosophical battles and critical
_h7Yn21wjjg-02131-00507146-00507339 ruminations on the social and political
_h7Yn21wjjg-02132-00507341-00507772 institutions of the old regime topics of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02133-00507772-00507985 public controversy were also discussed
_h7Yn21wjjg-02134-00507985-00508143 such as the theories of Newton and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02135-00508145-00508333 Descartes the slave trade women's
_h7Yn21wjjg-02136-00508334-00508563 education and justice in France
_h7Yn21wjjg-02137-00508564-00508860 more importantly the contests were open
_h7Yn21wjjg-02138-00508862-00509035 to all and the enforced anonymity of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02139-00509035-00509212 each submission guaranteed that neither
_h7Yn21wjjg-02140-00509213-00509404 gender nor social rank would determine
_h7Yn21wjjg-02141-00509405-00509716 the judging indeed although the vast
_h7Yn21wjjg-02142-00509717-00510010 majority of participants belong to the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02143-00510010-00510250 wealthiest strata of society the liberal
_h7Yn21wjjg-02144-00510251-00510484 arts the clergy the judiciary and the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02145-00510485-00510799 medical profession there were some cases
_h7Yn21wjjg-02146-00510800-00510997 of the popular classes submitting essays
_h7Yn21wjjg-02147-00510997-00511290 and even winning similarly a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02148-00511291-00511623 number of women participated and won the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02149-00511624-00512008 competition's of a total of 2,300 prize
_h7Yn21wjjg-02150-00512009-00512310 competitions offered in France women 149
_h7Yn21wjjg-02151-00512310-00512544 perhaps a small number by modern
_h7Yn21wjjg-02152-00512545-00512758 standards but very significant in an age
_h7Yn21wjjg-02153-00512759-00512940 in which most women did not have any
_h7Yn21wjjg-02154-00512941-00513229 academic training indeed the majority of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02155-00513230-00513400 the winning entries were for poetry
_h7Yn21wjjg-02156-00513401-00513483 competitions
_h7Yn21wjjg-02157-00513484-00513672 genre commonly stressed in women's
_h7Yn21wjjg-02158-00513673-00513877 education in England the Royal Society
_h7Yn21wjjg-02159-00513878-00514108 of London also played a significant role
_h7Yn21wjjg-02160-00514109-00514287 in the public sphere and the spread of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02161-00514288-00514590 Enlightenment ideas it was founded by a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02162-00514591-00514788 group of independent scientists and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02163-00514789-00515029 given a Royal Charter in 1662
_h7Yn21wjjg-02164-00515030-00515302 the Society played a large role in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02165-00515303-00515481 spreading Robert Boyles experimental
_h7Yn21wjjg-02166-00515482-00515683 philosophy around Europe and acted as a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02167-00515684-00515835 clearinghouse for intellectual
_h7Yn21wjjg-02168-00515836-00516141 correspondence in exchange Boyle was a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02169-00516142-00516381 founder of the experimental world in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02170-00516382-00516564 which scientists now live and operate
_h7Yn21wjjg-02171-00516565-00516870 and his method based knowledge on
_h7Yn21wjjg-02172-00516871-00517035 experimentation which had to be
_h7Yn21wjjg-02173-00517036-00517221 witnessed to provide proper empirical
_h7Yn21wjjg-02174-00517222-00517458 legitimacy this is where the Royal
_h7Yn21wjjg-02175-00517459-00517704 Society came into play witnessing had to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02176-00517705-00517960 be a collective act and the Royal
_h7Yn21wjjg-02177-00517960-00518169 Society's assembly rooms were ideal
_h7Yn21wjjg-02178-00518170-00518350 locations for relatively public
_h7Yn21wjjg-02179-00518351-00518650 demonstrations however not just any
_h7Yn21wjjg-02180-00518651-00518820 witness was considered to be credible
_h7Yn21wjjg-02181-00518821-00519058 oxford professors were accounted more
_h7Yn21wjjg-02182-00519059-00519256 reliable witnesses than Oxfordshire
_h7Yn21wjjg-02183-00519257-00519546 peasants two factors were taken into
_h7Yn21wjjg-02184-00519547-00519727 account a witness's knowledge in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02185-00519728-00520008 area and a witness's moral Constitution
_h7Yn21wjjg-02186-00520009-00520317 in other words only civil society were
_h7Yn21wjjg-02187-00520318-00521052 considered for Boyles public topic
_h7Yn21wjjg-02188-00521053-00521595 salons it was the place in which
_h7Yn21wjjg-02189-00521596-00521817 philosophies got reunited and talked
_h7Yn21wjjg-02190-00521818-00522154 about old actual or new ideas salons
_h7Yn21wjjg-02191-00522155-00522325 were the place where intellectual and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02192-00522326-00523012 enlightened ideas were built topic
_h7Yn21wjjg-02193-00523013-00523406 coffee houses
_h7Yn21wjjg-02194-00523407-00523685 coffee houses were especially important
_h7Yn21wjjg-02195-00523687-00523835 to the spread of knowledge during the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02196-00523837-00524001 Enlightenment because they created a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02197-00524002-00524199 unique environment in which people from
_h7Yn21wjjg-02198-00524200-00524385 many different walks of life gathered
_h7Yn21wjjg-02199-00524386-00524655 and shared ideas they were frequently
_h7Yn21wjjg-02200-00524656-00524862 criticized by nobles who feared the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02201-00524863-00525036 possibility of an environment in which
_h7Yn21wjjg-02202-00525037-00525249 class in its accompanying titles and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02203-00525250-00525513 privileges were disregarded such an
_h7Yn21wjjg-02204-00525514-00525729 environment was especially intimidating
_h7Yn21wjjg-02205-00525730-00525903 to monarchs who derived much of their
_h7Yn21wjjg-02206-00525904-00526122 power from the disparity between classes
_h7Yn21wjjg-02207-00526123-00526176 of people
_h7Yn21wjjg-02208-00526177-00526446 if classes were to join together under
_h7Yn21wjjg-02209-00526447-00526623 the influence of Enlightenment thinking
_h7Yn21wjjg-02210-00526624-00526743 they might recognize the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02211-00526744-00526938 all-encompassing oppression and abuses
_h7Yn21wjjg-02212-00526939-00527082 of their monarchs and because of their
_h7Yn21wjjg-02213-00527083-00527244 size might be able to carry out
_h7Yn21wjjg-02214-00527245-00527547 successful revolts monarchs also
_h7Yn21wjjg-02215-00527548-00527742 resented the idea of their subjects
_h7Yn21wjjg-02216-00527743-00527904 convening as one to discuss political
_h7Yn21wjjg-02217-00527905-00528093 matters especially those concerning
_h7Yn21wjjg-02218-00528094-00528390 Foreign Affairs rulers fought political
_h7Yn21wjjg-02219-00528391-00528570 affairs to be their business only a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02220-00528571-00528759 result of their supposed divine right to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02221-00528760-00528798 rule
_h7Yn21wjjg-02222-00528799-00529005 coffee houses represent a turning point
_h7Yn21wjjg-02223-00529006-00529179 in history during which people
_h7Yn21wjjg-02224-00529180-00529290 discovered that they could have
_h7Yn21wjjg-02225-00529291-00529473 enjoyable social lives within their
_h7Yn21wjjg-02226-00529474-00529755 communities coffee shops became homes
_h7Yn21wjjg-02227-00529756-00529971 away from home for many who sought for
_h7Yn21wjjg-02228-00529972-00530166 the first time to engage in discourse
_h7Yn21wjjg-02229-00530167-00530307 with their neighbors and discuss
_h7Yn21wjjg-02230-00530308-00530490 intriguing in forth provoking matters
_h7Yn21wjjg-02231-00530491-00530718 especially those regarding philosophy to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02232-00530719-00531009 politics coffee houses were essential to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02233-00531010-00531186 the enlightenment for there were centers
_h7Yn21wjjg-02234-00531187-00531383 of free thinking and self-discovery
_h7Yn21wjjg-02235-00531384-00531639 although many coffeehouse patrons were
_h7Yn21wjjg-02236-00531640-00531906 scholars a great deal were not coffee
_h7Yn21wjjg-02237-00531907-00532104 houses attracted a diverse set of people
_h7Yn21wjjg-02238-00532105-00532344 including not only the educated wealthy
_h7Yn21wjjg-02239-00532345-00532566 but also members of the bourgeoisie in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02240-00532567-00532655 the lower-class
_h7Yn21wjjg-02241-00532656-00532932 while it may seem positive that patrons
_h7Yn21wjjg-02242-00532933-00533178 being doctors lawyers merchants etc
_h7Yn21wjjg-02243-00533179-00533388 represented almost all classes the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02244-00533389-00533598 coffee shop environment sparked fear in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02245-00533599-00533754 those who sought to preserve class
_h7Yn21wjjg-02246-00533755-00534018 distinction one of the most popular
_h7Yn21wjjg-02247-00534019-00534183 critiques of the coffeehouse claimed
_h7Yn21wjjg-02248-00534184-00534432 that it allowed promiscuous association
_h7Yn21wjjg-02249-00534433-00534639 among people from different runs of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02250-00534640-00534852 social ladder from the artisan to the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02251-00534853-00535176 aristocrat and was therefore compared to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02252-00535177-00535362 Noah's Ark receiving all types of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02253-00535363-00535656 animals clean or unclean this unique
_h7Yn21wjjg-02254-00535657-00535818 culture served as a catalyst for
_h7Yn21wjjg-02255-00535819-00536016 journalism when Joseph Addison and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02256-00536017-00536217 Richard Steele recognized its potential
_h7Yn21wjjg-02257-00536218-00536496 as an audience together Steele and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02258-00536497-00536772 Addison published The Spectator 1711
_h7Yn21wjjg-02259-00536773-00536970 a daily publication which aimed through
_h7Yn21wjjg-02260-00536971-00537201 fictional narrator mr. Spectator both to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02261-00537202-00537333 entertain and to provoke discussion
_h7Yn21wjjg-02262-00537334-00537608 regarding serious philosophical matters
_h7Yn21wjjg-02263-00537609-00537894 the first English coffeehouse opened in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02264-00537895-00538212 Oxford in 1650 Brian Cowen said that
_h7Yn21wjjg-02265-00538213-00538401 Oxford coffee houses developed inter
_h7Yn21wjjg-02266-00538402-00538719 penny universities offering a locus of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02267-00538720-00538872 learning that was less formal than
_h7Yn21wjjg-02268-00538873-00539136 structured institutions these penny
_h7Yn21wjjg-02269-00539137-00539349 universities occupied a significant
_h7Yn21wjjg-02270-00539350-00539580 position in Oxford academic life as they
_h7Yn21wjjg-02271-00539581-00539751 were frequented by those consequently
_h7Yn21wjjg-02272-00539752-00539925 referred to as the virtuoso who
_h7Yn21wjjg-02273-00539926-00540117 conducted their research on some of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02274-00540118-00540405 resulting premises according to Cowen
_h7Yn21wjjg-02275-00540406-00540609 the coffeehouse was a place for
_h7Yn21wjjg-02276-00540610-00540828 like-minded scholars to congregate to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02277-00540829-00541032 read as well as learn from and to debate
_h7Yn21wjjg-02278-00541033-00541266 with each other but was emphatically not
_h7Yn21wjjg-02279-00541267-00541482 a university institution and the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02280-00541483-00541647 discourse there was of a far different
_h7Yn21wjjg-02281-00541648-00542022 order than any university tutorial the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02282-00542023-00542256 cafe Procope was established in Paris in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02283-00542257-00542574 1686 and by the 1720s there were around
_h7Yn21wjjg-02284-00542575-00542901 400 cafes in the city the cafe Procope
_h7Yn21wjjg-02285-00542902-00543081 in particular became a center of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02286-00543082-00543272 enlightenment welcoming such celebrities
_h7Yn21wjjg-02287-00543273-00543570 as Voltaire and Rousseau the cafe
_h7Yn21wjjg-02288-00543571-00543765 Procope was where Dido and Dalembert
_h7Yn21wjjg-02289-00543766-00544050 decided to create the encyclopédie the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02290-00544051-00544263 cafes were one of the various nerve
_h7Yn21wjjg-02291-00544264-00544557 centers for Brut public's public noise
_h7Yn21wjjg-02292-00544558-00544806 or rumor these brutes were allegedly a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02293-00544807-00545001 much better source of information than
_h7Yn21wjjg-02294-00545002-00545196 were the actual newspapers available at
_h7Yn21wjjg-02295-00545197-00546354 the time topic debating societies the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02296-00546355-00546576 debating societies are an example of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02297-00546577-00546746 public's fear during the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-02298-00546747-00547152 their origins include clubs of 50 or
_h7Yn21wjjg-02299-00547153-00547320 more men who at the beginning of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02300-00547321-00547545 18th century met in pubs to discuss
_h7Yn21wjjg-02301-00547546-00547784 religious issues and affairs of state
_h7Yn21wjjg-02302-00547785-00548082 mooting clubs set up by law students to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02303-00548083-00548355 practice rhetoric spouting clubs
_h7Yn21wjjg-02304-00548356-00548553 established to help actors train for
_h7Yn21wjjg-02305-00548554-00548889 theatrical roles John Henry's oratory
_h7Yn21wjjg-02306-00548890-00549105 which mix outrageous sermons with even
_h7Yn21wjjg-02307-00549106-00549309 more absurd questions like whether
_h7Yn21wjjg-02308-00549310-00549681 Scotland be anywhere in the world in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02309-00549682-00549984 late 1770s popular debating societies
_h7Yn21wjjg-02310-00549985-00550161 began to move into more
_h7Yn21wjjg-02311-00550162-00550392 until rooms a change which helped
_h7Yn21wjjg-02312-00550393-00550607 establish a new standard of sociability
_h7Yn21wjjg-02313-00550608-00550869 the backdrop to these developments was
_h7Yn21wjjg-02314-00550870-00551115 an explosion of interest in the theory
_h7Yn21wjjg-02315-00551116-00551466 and practice of public elocution the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02316-00551467-00551652 debating societies were commercial
_h7Yn21wjjg-02317-00551653-00551817 enterprises that responded to this
_h7Yn21wjjg-02318-00551818-00552135 demand sometimes very successfully some
_h7Yn21wjjg-02319-00552136-00552444 societies welcomed from 800 to 1200
_h7Yn21wjjg-02320-00552445-00552591 spectators and might the debating
_h7Yn21wjjg-02321-00552592-00552804 societies discussed an extremely wide
_h7Yn21wjjg-02322-00552805-00553074 range of topics before the Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-02323-00553075-00553287 most intellectual debates revolved
_h7Yn21wjjg-02324-00553288-00553566 around confessional that is Catholic
_h7Yn21wjjg-02325-00553567-00553806 Lutheran Reformed Calvinists or Anglican
_h7Yn21wjjg-02326-00553807-00553983 issues and the main aim of these debates
_h7Yn21wjjg-02327-00553984-00554184 was to establish which block of faith
_h7Yn21wjjg-02328-00554185-00554421 ought to have the monopoly of truth and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02329-00554422-00554745 a god-given title to authority after
_h7Yn21wjjg-02330-00554746-00554931 this date everything thus previously
_h7Yn21wjjg-02331-00554932-00555111 rooted in tradition was questioned and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02332-00555112-00555312 often replaced by new concepts in the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02333-00555313-00555582 light of philosophical reason after the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02334-00555583-00555783 second half of the 17th century and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02335-00555784-00556038 during the 18th century a general
_h7Yn21wjjg-02336-00556039-00556250 process of rationalization and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02337-00556251-00556554 secularization set in and confessional
_h7Yn21wjjg-02338-00556555-00556737 disputes were reduced to a secondary
_h7Yn21wjjg-02339-00556738-00556971 status in favor of the escalating
_h7Yn21wjjg-02340-00556972-00557286 contest between faith and incredulity in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02341-00557287-00557448 addition to debates on religion
_h7Yn21wjjg-02342-00557449-00557643 societies discussed issues such as
_h7Yn21wjjg-02343-00557644-00557904 politics and the role of women however
_h7Yn21wjjg-02344-00557905-00558081 it is important to note that the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02345-00558082-00558243 critical subject matter of these debates
_h7Yn21wjjg-02346-00558244-00558447 did not necessarily translate into
_h7Yn21wjjg-02347-00558448-00558696 opposition to the government in other
_h7Yn21wjjg-02348-00558697-00558897 words the results of the debate quite
_h7Yn21wjjg-02349-00558898-00559179 frequently upheld the status quo from a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02350-00559180-00559377 historical standpoint one of the most
_h7Yn21wjjg-02351-00559378-00559527 important features of the debating
_h7Yn21wjjg-02352-00559528-00559752 society was their openness to the public
_h7Yn21wjjg-02353-00559753-00559974 as women attended and even participated
_h7Yn21wjjg-02354-00559975-00560190 in almost every debating society which
_h7Yn21wjjg-02355-00560191-00560349 will likewise open to all classes
_h7Yn21wjjg-02356-00560350-00560523 providing they could pay the entrance
_h7Yn21wjjg-02357-00560524-00560724 fee once inside
_h7Yn21wjjg-02358-00560725-00560937 spectators were able to participate in a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02359-00560938-00561153 largely egalitarian form of sociability
_h7Yn21wjjg-02360-00561154-00561871 that helped spread enlightenment ideas
_h7Yn21wjjg-02361-00561872-00562508 topic masonic lodges historians have
_h7Yn21wjjg-02362-00562509-00562685 long debated the extent to which the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02363-00562686-00562912 secret network of Freemasonry was a main
_h7Yn21wjjg-02364-00562913-00563173 factor in the Enlightenment the leaders
_h7Yn21wjjg-02365-00563174-00563387 of the Enlightenment included freemasons
_h7Yn21wjjg-02366-00563388-00563627 such as Dido Montesquieu Voltaire
_h7Yn21wjjg-02367-00563628-00563914 blessing Pope Horace Walpole Sir Robert
_h7Yn21wjjg-02368-00563915-00564160 Walpole Mozart Goethe Frederick the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02369-00564161-00564325 Great Benjamin Franklin and George
_h7Yn21wjjg-02370-00564326-00564602 Washington Norman Davies said that
_h7Yn21wjjg-02371-00564603-00564800 Freemasonry was a powerful force on
_h7Yn21wjjg-02372-00564801-00564997 behalf of liberalism in Europe from
_h7Yn21wjjg-02373-00564998-00565343 about 1700 to the 20th century it
_h7Yn21wjjg-02374-00565344-00565529 expanded rapidly during the Age of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02375-00565530-00565733 Enlightenment reaching practically every
_h7Yn21wjjg-02376-00565734-00565960 country in Europe it was especially
_h7Yn21wjjg-02377-00565961-00566210 attractive to powerful aristocrats and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02378-00566211-00566389 politicians as well as intellectuals
_h7Yn21wjjg-02379-00566390-00566612 artists and political activists during
_h7Yn21wjjg-02380-00566613-00566812 the Age of Enlightenment freemasons
_h7Yn21wjjg-02381-00566813-00567002 comprised an international network of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02382-00567003-00567208 like-minded men often meeting in secret
_h7Yn21wjjg-02383-00567209-00567435 in ritualistic programs at their lodges
_h7Yn21wjjg-02384-00567436-00567677 they promoted the ideals of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02385-00567678-00567847 Enlightenment and helped defuse these
_h7Yn21wjjg-02386-00567848-00568033 values across Britain and France and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02387-00568034-00568364 other places Freemasonry is a systematic
_h7Yn21wjjg-02388-00568365-00568573 Creed with its own myths values instead
_h7Yn21wjjg-02389-00568574-00568793 of rituals originated in Scotland around
_h7Yn21wjjg-02390-00568794-00569020 1600 and spread first to England and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02391-00569021-00569197 then across the continent in the 18th
_h7Yn21wjjg-02392-00569198-00569468 century they fostered new codes of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02393-00569469-00569677 conduct including a communal
_h7Yn21wjjg-02394-00569678-00569829 understanding of liberty and equality
_h7Yn21wjjg-02395-00569830-00570169 inherited from Gould sociability liberty
_h7Yn21wjjg-02396-00570170-00570445 fraternity and equality Scottish
_h7Yn21wjjg-02397-00570446-00570650 soldiers and Jacobite Scots brought to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02398-00570651-00570856 the continent ideals of fraternity which
_h7Yn21wjjg-02399-00570857-00571033 reflected not the local system of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02400-00571034-00571231 Scottish customs but the institutions
_h7Yn21wjjg-02401-00571232-00571418 and ideals originating in the English
_h7Yn21wjjg-02402-00571419-00571681 revolution against royal absolutism
_h7Yn21wjjg-02403-00571682-00571883 Freemasonry was particularly prevalent
_h7Yn21wjjg-02404-00571884-00572243 in France by 1789 there were perhaps as
_h7Yn21wjjg-02405-00572244-00572518 many as 100,000 French Masons making
_h7Yn21wjjg-02406-00572519-00572708 Freemasonry the most popular of all
_h7Yn21wjjg-02407-00572709-00572960 enlightenment associations the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02408-00572961-00573145 Freemasons displayed a passion for
_h7Yn21wjjg-02409-00573146-00573352 secrecy and created new degrees in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02410-00573353-00573677 ceremonies similar societies partially
_h7Yn21wjjg-02411-00573678-00573916 imitating Freemasonry emerged in France
_h7Yn21wjjg-02412-00573917-00574256 Germany Sweden and Russia one example
_h7Yn21wjjg-02413-00574257-00574518 was the Illuminati founded in Bavaria in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02414-00574519-00574771 1776 which was copied after the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02415-00574772-00574960 Freemasons but was never part of the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02416-00574961-00575017 movement
_h7Yn21wjjg-02417-00575018-00575258 the Illuminati was an overly
_h7Yn21wjjg-02418-00575259-00575441 political group which most Masonic
_h7Yn21wjjg-02419-00575442-00575645 lodges decidedly were not masonic lodges
_h7Yn21wjjg-02420-00575646-00575845 created a private model for public
_h7Yn21wjjg-02421-00575846-00576179 affairs they reconstituted the polity
_h7Yn21wjjg-02422-00576180-00576422 and established a constitutional form of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02423-00576423-00576587 self-government complete with
_h7Yn21wjjg-02424-00576588-00576827 constitutions and laws elections and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02425-00576828-00577195 representatives in other words the micro
_h7Yn21wjjg-02426-00577196-00577379 society set up within the lodges
_h7Yn21wjjg-02427-00577380-00577558 constituted a normative model for
_h7Yn21wjjg-02428-00577559-00577805 society as a whole this was especially
_h7Yn21wjjg-02429-00577806-00578008 true on the continent when the first
_h7Yn21wjjg-02430-00578009-00578212 lodges began to appear in the 1730's
_h7Yn21wjjg-02431-00578213-00578456 their embodiment of British values was
_h7Yn21wjjg-02432-00578457-00578627 often seen as threatening by state
_h7Yn21wjjg-02433-00578628-00578918 authorities for example the Parisian
_h7Yn21wjjg-02434-00578919-00579143 lodge that made in the mid 1720s was
_h7Yn21wjjg-02435-00579144-00579387 composed of English Jacobite exiles
_h7Yn21wjjg-02436-00579388-00579683 furthermore freemasons all across Europe
_h7Yn21wjjg-02437-00579684-00579854 explicitly linked themselves to the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02438-00579855-00580141 Enlightenment as a whole for example in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02439-00580142-00580370 French lodges the line as the means to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02440-00580371-00580529 be enlightened I searched for the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02441-00580530-00580714 enlightened was a part of their
_h7Yn21wjjg-02442-00580715-00580972 initiation rites British lodges assigned
_h7Yn21wjjg-02443-00580973-00581212 themselves the duty to initiate the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02444-00581213-00581420 unenlightened this did not necessarily
_h7Yn21wjjg-02445-00581421-00581651 link lodges to the irreligious but
_h7Yn21wjjg-02446-00581652-00581791 neither did this exclude him from the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02447-00581792-00582110 occasional heresy in fact many lodges
_h7Yn21wjjg-02448-00582111-00582316 praise the grand architect the Masonic
_h7Yn21wjjg-02449-00582317-00582503 terminology for the deistic Divine Being
_h7Yn21wjjg-02450-00582504-00582728 who created a scientifically ordered
_h7Yn21wjjg-02451-00582729-00582943 universe German historian Reinhardt
_h7Yn21wjjg-02452-00582944-00583162 Kosilek claimed on the continent there
_h7Yn21wjjg-02453-00583163-00583366 were two social structures that left a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02454-00583367-00583541 decisive imprint on the Age of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02455-00583542-00583733 Enlightenment the Republic of Letters
_h7Yn21wjjg-02456-00583734-00584072 and the Masonic lodges Scottish
_h7Yn21wjjg-02457-00584073-00584237 professor Thomas Monk argues that
_h7Yn21wjjg-02458-00584238-00584450 although the Masons did promote
_h7Yn21wjjg-02459-00584451-00584695 international and cross social contacts
_h7Yn21wjjg-02460-00584696-00584891 which were essentially non-religious and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02461-00584892-00585131 broadly in agreement with enliven values
_h7Yn21wjjg-02462-00585132-00585362 they can hardly be described as a major
_h7Yn21wjjg-02463-00585363-00585593 radical or reformist network in their
_h7Yn21wjjg-02464-00585594-00585935 own right many of the Masons values
_h7Yn21wjjg-02465-00585936-00586064 seemed to greatly appeal to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02466-00586065-00586339 enlightenment values and thinkers died
_h7Yn21wjjg-02467-00586340-00586475 erode discusses the link between
_h7Yn21wjjg-02468-00586476-00586714 freemason ideals in the Enlightenment in
_h7Yn21wjjg-02469-00586715-00586937 Dalembert's dream exploring masonry as a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02470-00586938-00587176 way of spreading enlightenment beliefs
_h7Yn21wjjg-02471-00587177-00587420 historian margaret jacob stresses the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02472-00587421-00587620 importance of the Masons in indirectly
_h7Yn21wjjg-02473-00587621-00587816 inspiring enlightened political thought
_h7Yn21wjjg-02474-00587817-00588074 on the negative side daniel roche
_h7Yn21wjjg-02475-00588075-00588299 contests claims that masonry promoted a
_h7Yn21wjjg-02476-00588300-00588500 Galit arianism and he argues that the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02477-00588501-00588650 lodges only attracted men
_h7Yn21wjjg-02478-00588651-00588932 similar social backgrounds the presence
_h7Yn21wjjg-02479-00588933-00589169 of noble women in the French lodges of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02480-00589170-00589472 adoption that formed in the 1780s was
_h7Yn21wjjg-02481-00589473-00589664 largely due to the close ties shared
_h7Yn21wjjg-02482-00589665-00589838 between these lodges and aristocratic
_h7Yn21wjjg-02483-00589839-00590027 society the major opponent of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02484-00590028-00590216 Freemasonry was the Roman Catholic
_h7Yn21wjjg-02485-00590217-00590396 Church so that in countries with a large
_h7Yn21wjjg-02486-00590397-00590612 Catholic element such as France Italy
_h7Yn21wjjg-02487-00590613-00590870 Spain and Mexico much of the ferocity of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02488-00590871-00591035 the political battles involved the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02489-00591036-00591230 confrontation between what Davies calls
_h7Yn21wjjg-02490-00591231-00591416 the reactionary Church and enlightened
_h7Yn21wjjg-02491-00591417-00591737 Freemasonry even in France Masons did
_h7Yn21wjjg-02492-00591738-00591989 not act as a group American Historians
_h7Yn21wjjg-02493-00591990-00592178 while noting that Benjamin Franklin and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02494-00592179-00592352 George Washington were indeed active
_h7Yn21wjjg-02495-00592353-00592562 Masons have downplayed the importance of
_h7Yn21wjjg-02496-00592563-00592754 Freemasonry in causing the American
_h7Yn21wjjg-02497-00592755-00592958 Revolution because the Masonic Order was
_h7Yn21wjjg-02498-00592959-00593177 non-political and included both Patriots
_h7Yn21wjjg-02499-00593178-00594238 in their enemy the loyalists topic art
_h7Yn21wjjg-02500-00594239-00594452 the art produced during the
_h7Yn21wjjg-02501-00594453-00594620 Enlightenment was about a search for
_h7Yn21wjjg-02502-00594621-00594806 morality that was absent from previous
_h7Yn21wjjg-02503-00594807-00595103 art at the same time the classical art
_h7Yn21wjjg-02504-00595104-00595298 of Greece and Rome became interesting to
_h7Yn21wjjg-02505-00595299-00595514 people again since archaeological teams
_h7Yn21wjjg-02506-00595515-00595720 discovered pompeii and herculaneum
_h7Yn21wjjg-02507-00595721-00595964 people took inspiration from it and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02508-00595965-00596117 revived the classical art into
_h7Yn21wjjg-02509-00596118-00596354 neoclassical art this can be especially
_h7Yn21wjjg-02510-00596355-00596570 seen in early American art where
_h7Yn21wjjg-02511-00596571-00596741 throughout their art and architecture
_h7Yn21wjjg-02512-00596742-00596954 they used arches goddesses and other
_h7Yn21wjjg-02513-00596955-00597755 classical architectural designs topic
_h7Yn21wjjg-02514-00597756-00599218 important intellectuals topic see also
_h7Yn21wjjg-02515-00599219-00599375 1755 Lisbon
_h7Yn21wjjg-02516-00599376-00599729 earthquake Atlantic revolutions American
_h7Yn21wjjg-02517-00599730-00599941 Revolution French Revolution Latin
_h7Yn21wjjg-02518-00599942-00600454 American revolutions etc chapbook
_h7Yn21wjjg-02519-00600455-00600729 education in the Age of Enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-02520-00600730-00601118 early modern philosophy European and
_h7Yn21wjjg-02521-00601119-00601297 American voyages of scientific
_h7Yn21wjjg-02522-00601298-00601660 exploration regional Enlightenment's
_h7Yn21wjjg-02523-00601661-00602033 American Enlightenment Haskalah Jewish
_h7Yn21wjjg-02524-00602034-00602391 enlightenment modern Greek enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-02525-00602392-00602702 Polish enlightenment Russian
_h7Yn21wjjg-02526-00602703-00603037 Enlightenment Scottish enlightenment
_h7Yn21wjjg-02527-00603038-00603403 Spanish enlightenment
_joyNw3fZQE-00000-00000012-00000338 foreign
_joyNw3fZQE-00001-00000339-00002742 [Music]
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A1WIw2W6zMQ-00000-00000224-00002151 first blood
A1WIw2W6zMQ-00001-00002152-00004838 double kill
A1WIw2W6zMQ-00002-00004839-00005048 you
A4tBQgM91dc-00000-00000000-00000347 thank you very much good evening
A4tBQgM91dc-00001-00000348-00000682 all the cabinet ministers cabinet
A4tBQgM91dc-00002-00000683-00000971 secretaries who are with us thank you
A4tBQgM91dc-00003-00000972-00001253 for coming to welcome us back from our
A4tBQgM91dc-00004-00001254-00001516 trip in Japan oh please please sit down
A4tBQgM91dc-00005-00001517-00001739 our trip in Japan
A4tBQgM91dc-00006-00001739-00001913 uh
A4tBQgM91dc-00007-00001914-00002110 vice president
A4tBQgM91dc-00008-00002111-00002333 duterte
A4tBQgM91dc-00009-00002334-00002699 and a former president and our most
A4tBQgM91dc-00010-00002700-00003029 valuable comes Council in all of these
A4tBQgM91dc-00011-00003030-00003199 trips the former president
A4tBQgM91dc-00012-00003200-00003599 and now Deputy speaker Gloria macapagal
A4tBQgM91dc-00013-00003600-00003772 Arroyo
A4tBQgM91dc-00014-00003773-00004043 also accompanying us on this trip was a
A4tBQgM91dc-00015-00004044-00004354 Senate President Mig subiri and speaker
A4tBQgM91dc-00016-00004355-00004625 Martin ramaldes
A4tBQgM91dc-00017-00004626-00004945 Senator Mark Villar also joined us
A4tBQgM91dc-00018-00004946-00005356 and of course I would like to properly
A4tBQgM91dc-00019-00005357-00005722 greet our first lady first lady Lisa
A4tBQgM91dc-00020-00005723-00006035 Araneta Marcos
A4tBQgM91dc-00021-00006036-00006347 [Applause]
A4tBQgM91dc-00022-00006348-00006623 pasai District representative Antonino
A4tBQgM91dc-00023-00006623-00006751 calixto
A4tBQgM91dc-00024-00006752-00007109 the AFP Chief of Staff General Andy
A4tBQgM91dc-00025-00007109-00007433 Santino and the major service Commanders
A4tBQgM91dc-00026-00007434-00007853 PNP Chief General Jun asurin BCG
A4tBQgM91dc-00027-00007854-00008213 commandant Admiral artemio Abu my fellow
A4tBQgM91dc-00028-00008214-00008387 workers in government ladies and
A4tBQgM91dc-00029-00008388-00008627 gentlemen
A4tBQgM91dc-00030-00008628-00008987 uh thank you as I thank you for coming
A4tBQgM91dc-00031-00008988-00009364 this evening to welcome us back from our
A4tBQgM91dc-00032-00009365-00009719 Japan rather busy Japan trip the first
A4tBQgM91dc-00033-00009720-00009923 lady and I together with the Philippine
A4tBQgM91dc-00034-00009924-00010133 delegation composed of government
A4tBQgM91dc-00035-00010134-00010427 officials and Business Leaders are happy
A4tBQgM91dc-00036-00010428-00010655 to be back in Philippines with great
A4tBQgM91dc-00037-00010656-00010955 news from our visit to Japan
A4tBQgM91dc-00038-00010956-00011273 I had a very fruitful meeting with prime
A4tBQgM91dc-00039-00011274-00011555 minister kishida fumio Bound by shared
A4tBQgM91dc-00040-00011556-00011759 values and common aspirations for our
A4tBQgM91dc-00041-00011760-00011992 peoples we committed to further
A4tBQgM91dc-00042-00011993-00012173 strengthen the Strategic partnership
A4tBQgM91dc-00043-00012174-00012467 between the Philippines and Japan and
A4tBQgM91dc-00044-00012468-00012749 mapped out a transformative future
A4tBQgM91dc-00045-00012750-00013037 oriented partnership that is responsive
A4tBQgM91dc-00046-00013038-00013216 to new developments
A4tBQgM91dc-00047-00013218-00013403 we have cemented our defense and
A4tBQgM91dc-00048-00013404-00013763 security relations we have also covered
A4tBQgM91dc-00049-00013763-00013961 a great deal of ground in the areas of
A4tBQgM91dc-00050-00013962-00014315 Agriculture ICT cooperation and with the
A4tBQgM91dc-00051-00014316-00014494 signing of bilateral agreements that
A4tBQgM91dc-00052-00014495-00014722 provide the framework for enhanced
A4tBQgM91dc-00053-00014723-00015011 mutually beneficial collaboration in
A4tBQgM91dc-00054-00015012-00015155 many areas
A4tBQgM91dc-00055-00015156-00015563 as ever our partner Japan committed to
A4tBQgM91dc-00056-00015563-00015844 provide in infrastructure development
A4tBQgM91dc-00057-00015845-00016091 loans for two major projects the
A4tBQgM91dc-00058-00016091-00016343 north-south commuter Railway for Malolos
A4tBQgM91dc-00059-00016344-00016594 tutuban and the north south commuter
A4tBQgM91dc-00060-00016595-00016865 Railway Project Extension all this
A4tBQgM91dc-00061-00016866-00016980 totaling
A4tBQgM91dc-00062-00016981-00017297 377 billion Japanese Yen or the
A4tBQgM91dc-00063-00017298-00017644 equivalent of about 3 billion US dollars
A4tBQgM91dc-00064-00017645-00017921 the completion of these projects along
A4tBQgM91dc-00065-00017922-00018149 with other ongoing large-scale official
A4tBQgM91dc-00066-00018150-00018400 development assistant projects such as
A4tBQgM91dc-00067-00018401-00018683 the Metro Manila subway project and many
A4tBQgM91dc-00068-00018684-00018953 more across the country are expected to
A4tBQgM91dc-00069-00018954-00019205 translate to better lives for Filipinos
A4tBQgM91dc-00070-00019206-00019480 to improve facilitation of the movement
A4tBQgM91dc-00071-00019481-00019817 of people of goods and of services
A4tBQgM91dc-00072-00019818-00020080 during this visit to Japan I also met
A4tBQgM91dc-00073-00020081-00020291 with Business Leaders within and
A4tBQgM91dc-00074-00020292-00020543 potential investors in our Round Table
A4tBQgM91dc-00075-00020544-00020789 meetings I briefed them on the new and
A4tBQgM91dc-00076-00020790-00020975 better business climate and investment
A4tBQgM91dc-00077-00020976-00021167 environment in the Philippines
A4tBQgM91dc-00078-00021168-00021449 key private sector representatives were
A4tBQgM91dc-00079-00021450-00021622 with me and engaged with Japanese
A4tBQgM91dc-00080-00021623-00021917 industry Giants to seize the economic
A4tBQgM91dc-00081-00021918-00022121 opportunities now present in the
A4tBQgM91dc-00082-00022122-00022217 Philippines
A4tBQgM91dc-00083-00022218-00022607 coming back we carry with us over 13
A4tBQgM91dc-00084-00022608-00022858 billion US dollars in contributions and
A4tBQgM91dc-00085-00022859-00023141 pledges to benefit our people create
A4tBQgM91dc-00086-00023142-00023333 approximately 24
A4tBQgM91dc-00087-00023334-00023578 000 jobs and further solidify the
A4tBQgM91dc-00088-00023579-00023891 foundations of our economic environment
A4tBQgM91dc-00089-00023892-00024269 I also talked I also talked to the CEOs
A4tBQgM91dc-00090-00024270-00024461 of Japanese shipping companies and
A4tBQgM91dc-00091-00024462-00024743 associations this was very important as
A4tBQgM91dc-00092-00024744-00024977 Japan has the second largest Maritime
A4tBQgM91dc-00093-00024978-00025428 industry in the world and they employ 31
A4tBQgM91dc-00094-00025429-00025787 673 Filipino seafarers that number
A4tBQgM91dc-00095-00025788-00026177 constitutes 70 percent of the maritime
A4tBQgM91dc-00096-00026177-00026549 crew of the Japanese ship owners and the
A4tBQgM91dc-00097-00026550-00026723 Japanese shipping companies also have
A4tBQgM91dc-00098-00026724-00026902 investments in long-term Partnerships
A4tBQgM91dc-00099-00026904-00027155 with Philippine stakeholders in Maritime
A4tBQgM91dc-00100-00027156-00027485 education and Welfare programs
A4tBQgM91dc-00101-00027486-00027845 I had the honor of having an imperial
A4tBQgM91dc-00102-00027845-00028024 audience with their majesties the
A4tBQgM91dc-00103-00028025-00028324 emperor narujito and Empress masako of
A4tBQgM91dc-00104-00028325-00028607 Japan in my audience with all majesties
A4tBQgM91dc-00105-00028608-00028907 we reaffirm the commitment that we have
A4tBQgM91dc-00106-00028908-00029140 to enhance the close friendship and
A4tBQgM91dc-00107-00029141-00029429 cultural ties between Filipinos and
A4tBQgM91dc-00108-00029430-00029543 Japanese
A4tBQgM91dc-00109-00029544-00029951 last but not least earlier today I had
A4tBQgM91dc-00110-00029952-00030155 the pleasure of speaking before fellow
A4tBQgM91dc-00111-00030156-00030377 Filipinos living and working in Japan
A4tBQgM91dc-00112-00030377-00030658 this morning we have close to 300 and
A4tBQgM91dc-00113-00030660-00030862 thousand overseas Filipinos living in
A4tBQgM91dc-00114-00030863-00030952 Japan
A4tBQgM91dc-00115-00030954-00031162 and while I know that they are doing
A4tBQgM91dc-00116-00031163-00031361 well there and are very well respected
A4tBQgM91dc-00117-00031362-00031661 in their profession I assure them that
A4tBQgM91dc-00118-00031662-00031918 this Administration is committed to
A4tBQgM91dc-00119-00031919-00032140 creating more job opportunities in the
A4tBQgM91dc-00120-00032141-00032362 Philippines so that working abroad will
A4tBQgM91dc-00121-00032363-00032758 become a career choice and not not the
A4tBQgM91dc-00122-00032760-00033200 only option available to them thank you
A4tBQgM91dc-00123-00033201-00033335 [Music]
A4tBQgM91dc-00124-00033336-00033539 I told them that we are working doubly
A4tBQgM91dc-00125-00033540-00033707 hard to enact policies to forge
A4tBQgM91dc-00126-00033708-00033935 Partnerships that will make our economy
A4tBQgM91dc-00127-00033936-00034187 more competitive and attractive to
A4tBQgM91dc-00128-00034188-00034511 foreign investors and to entrepreneurs
A4tBQgM91dc-00129-00034512-00034799 from my visit it was very clear that our
A4tBQgM91dc-00130-00034800-00035027 strategic partnership with Japan has
A4tBQgM91dc-00131-00035028-00035296 withstood the test of time and is poised
A4tBQgM91dc-00132-00035297-00035549 for a new decade of mutual trust Mutual
A4tBQgM91dc-00133-00035550-00035801 support and mutual benefit
A4tBQgM91dc-00134-00035802-00036346 so I thank you Allah
A4tBQgM91dc-00135-00036347-00036703 [Applause]
A5GoB5MP9w4-00000-00000079-00000262 what is up planet it is the priest and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00001-00000263-00000415 i'm back with another pick of card
A5GoB5MP9w4-00002-00000416-00000455 reading
A5GoB5MP9w4-00003-00000456-00000599 if you guys are new to the channel
A5GoB5MP9w4-00004-00000600-00000767 welcome to the tarot tribe where we
A5GoB5MP9w4-00005-00000768-00000815 embrace
A5GoB5MP9w4-00006-00000816-00000950 love happiness freedom and most
A5GoB5MP9w4-00007-00000951-00001119 importantly truth shout out to all of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00008-00001120-00001231 you who stay tuned
A5GoB5MP9w4-00009-00001232-00001439 wait for my messages to drop in today's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00010-00001440-00001591 reading i'm going to be looking at how
A5GoB5MP9w4-00011-00001592-00001663 and when
A5GoB5MP9w4-00012-00001664-00001887 your dreams will come true so this is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00013-00001888-00002191 going to be a spiritual and a practical
A5GoB5MP9w4-00014-00002192-00002399 message from your higher self pertaining
A5GoB5MP9w4-00015-00002400-00002550 to your dreams becoming
A5GoB5MP9w4-00016-00002551-00002807 true and real a few announcements if you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00017-00002808-00003039 guys are looking to book a reading
A5GoB5MP9w4-00018-00003040-00003247 or a life coaching session or a
A5GoB5MP9w4-00019-00003247-00003431 consulting session based on
A5GoB5MP9w4-00020-00003432-00003615 more abundance in your life or join the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00021-00003615-00003735 soldiering webinar
A5GoB5MP9w4-00022-00003736-00003943 every month that i am currently hosting
A5GoB5MP9w4-00023-00003944-00004054 you can find that down below in the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00024-00004055-00004206 description box and pretty much
A5GoB5MP9w4-00025-00004207-00004367 everything else that i have going on
A5GoB5MP9w4-00026-00004368-00004519 that's super dope is going to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00027-00004520-00004735 in the description box also if you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-00028-00004736-00004886 looking to go to your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00029-00004887-00005079 deck right away you can find the pink
A5GoB5MP9w4-00030-00005080-00005215 comment down below that'll take you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00031-00005216-00005318 directly to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00032-00005319-00005447 the deck that you feel like is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00033-00005448-00005670 resonating towards you so i feel like
A5GoB5MP9w4-00034-00005671-00005799 these messages are going
A5GoB5MP9w4-00035-00005800-00006102 to be centered around your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00036-00006103-00006334 primarily and how important it is to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00037-00006335-00006391 follow
A5GoB5MP9w4-00038-00006392-00006678 your dreams and also how influential
A5GoB5MP9w4-00039-00006679-00006727 your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00040-00006728-00007063 intuition is on the path to your dream
A5GoB5MP9w4-00041-00007064-00007119 so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00042-00007120-00007295 following your intuition following your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00043-00007295-00007551 soul is really just following your heart
A5GoB5MP9w4-00044-00007552-00007710 so i'm really excited to see what
A5GoB5MP9w4-00045-00007711-00007903 messages are here for you today again
A5GoB5MP9w4-00046-00007904-00008087 will your dreams come true there are
A5GoB5MP9w4-00047-00008088-00008342 four different decks you can choose from
A5GoB5MP9w4-00048-00008343-00008663 deck number one deck number two
A5GoB5MP9w4-00049-00008664-00008983 death number three and deck number four
A5GoB5MP9w4-00050-00008984-00009295 again the question is how and when will
A5GoB5MP9w4-00051-00009296-00009383 your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00052-00009384-00009614 come true and these are going to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00053-00009615-00009806 messages from your higher self
A5GoB5MP9w4-00054-00009807-00010167 regarding your dreams all right let's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00055-00010168-00010310 hop into today's reading and see what
A5GoB5MP9w4-00056-00010311-00010438 you guys have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00057-00010439-00010559 all right if you guys chose deck number
A5GoB5MP9w4-00058-00010560-00010791 one this is your reading and how
A5GoB5MP9w4-00059-00010792-00011206 and when will your dreams come true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00060-00011207-00011599 okay most importantly
A5GoB5MP9w4-00061-00011600-00012135 wholeness
A5GoB5MP9w4-00062-00012136-00012455 innocence take time to play nurture your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00063-00012456-00012599 inner child
A5GoB5MP9w4-00064-00012600-00012879 live with the childlike source of wonder
A5GoB5MP9w4-00065-00012880-00012991 something that i am
A5GoB5MP9w4-00066-00012991-00013263 hearing very clearly deck number one is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00067-00013263-00013407 that your dreams are
A5GoB5MP9w4-00068-00013408-00013758 centered around fun playfulness
A5GoB5MP9w4-00069-00013759-00014086 innocence and also just enjoying
A5GoB5MP9w4-00070-00014087-00014319 life on earth and so this is they're
A5GoB5MP9w4-00071-00014319-00014543 putting it in a very simplistic way
A5GoB5MP9w4-00072-00014544-00014830 of seeing that your spirit never grows
A5GoB5MP9w4-00073-00014831-00014879 up
A5GoB5MP9w4-00074-00014880-00015127 so you always remain the child this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00075-00015128-00015375 child like person is very free
A5GoB5MP9w4-00076-00015376-00015575 this person is very artistic very
A5GoB5MP9w4-00077-00015576-00015686 creative
A5GoB5MP9w4-00078-00015687-00015894 and so this is again describing your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00079-00015895-00016111 true self because i'm seeing that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00080-00016112-00016319 again your true self is connected to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00081-00016319-00016447 your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00082-00016448-00016639 and the dreams that you're having are in
A5GoB5MP9w4-00083-00016640-00016871 a sense belonging to your true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00084-00016872-00017363 the true version of yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-00085-00017364-00017679 multifaceted unique nature let yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-00086-00017680-00017711 be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00087-00017712-00018399 seen in tender embrace
A5GoB5MP9w4-00088-00018400-00018679 deck number one i'm feeling like there
A5GoB5MP9w4-00089-00018680-00018830 are many things that you're here to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00090-00018831-00018919 manifest
A5GoB5MP9w4-00091-00018920-00019175 okay so this is going to be many
A5GoB5MP9w4-00092-00019176-00019230 different
A5GoB5MP9w4-00093-00019231-00019407 dreams that you have so i i'm seeing
A5GoB5MP9w4-00094-00019408-00019607 that it's not just one dream
A5GoB5MP9w4-00095-00019608-00019855 there is one if i were to say the bigger
A5GoB5MP9w4-00096-00019856-00019999 picture of your dream
A5GoB5MP9w4-00097-00020000-00020367 would be to just enjoy life from a very
A5GoB5MP9w4-00098-00020368-00020663 easy fun perspective this means having
A5GoB5MP9w4-00099-00020664-00020814 the ability to live
A5GoB5MP9w4-00100-00020815-00021022 freely the way that you want to live and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00101-00021023-00021207 so it says nurture your inner child
A5GoB5MP9w4-00102-00021208-00021375 live with the childlike sense of wonder
A5GoB5MP9w4-00103-00021376-00021511 so this is going to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00104-00021512-00021743 your dream of adventure not wanting to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00105-00021744-00021830 always know
A5GoB5MP9w4-00106-00021831-00022039 what comes next so this is part of the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00107-00022040-00022183 dream that you are here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00108-00022184-00022447 and intended on living let's see
A5GoB5MP9w4-00109-00022448-00022558 practically
A5GoB5MP9w4-00110-00022559-00022830 a time for healing okay so many things
A5GoB5MP9w4-00111-00022831-00023094 have occurred
A5GoB5MP9w4-00112-00023095-00023367 many things have occurred that have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00113-00023368-00023439 prevented
A5GoB5MP9w4-00114-00023440-00023727 some of your dreams from moving forward
A5GoB5MP9w4-00115-00023728-00023894 in a sense it hasn't really been the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00116-00023895-00024071 right time
A5GoB5MP9w4-00117-00024072-00024294 so let's see and i'm also feeling with
A5GoB5MP9w4-00118-00024295-00024471 the queen of swords here that spirit
A5GoB5MP9w4-00119-00024472-00024639 would say that it's very important for
A5GoB5MP9w4-00120-00024640-00024727 you to make a
A5GoB5MP9w4-00121-00024728-00024983 plan but also believe that this is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00122-00024984-00025086 possible
A5GoB5MP9w4-00123-00025087-00025319 okay so there is some sense of wholeness
A5GoB5MP9w4-00124-00025320-00025511 that is taking place within you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00125-00025512-00025822 this this practical sense of taking care
A5GoB5MP9w4-00126-00025823-00025887 of yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-00127-00025888-00026214 and healing yourself is also allowing
A5GoB5MP9w4-00128-00026216-00026295 you to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00129-00026295-00026639 whole within and that is really where
A5GoB5MP9w4-00130-00026639-00026807 your dreams are coming true so let's get
A5GoB5MP9w4-00131-00026808-00026887 some clary
A5GoB5MP9w4-00132-00026888-00027407 on your dreams for deck number one
A5GoB5MP9w4-00133-00027408-00027879 let's see messages messages about
A5GoB5MP9w4-00134-00027880-00028118 messages regarding dreams on how this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00135-00028119-00028311 will happen
A5GoB5MP9w4-00136-00028312-00028646 for deaf one thank you ace of swords so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00137-00028647-00028711 yeah
A5GoB5MP9w4-00138-00028712-00028879 this is gonna come in the sense of an
A5GoB5MP9w4-00139-00028880-00029231 idea i do feel deck number one
A5GoB5MP9w4-00140-00029232-00029687 that your dreams will become more real
A5GoB5MP9w4-00141-00029688-00029943 when you have a plan of action it seems
A5GoB5MP9w4-00142-00029944-00030079 like more of a plan
A5GoB5MP9w4-00143-00030080-00030327 in the future so this is making the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00144-00030327-00030462 things that you want to do very
A5GoB5MP9w4-00145-00030463-00030558 practical
A5GoB5MP9w4-00146-00030560-00030799 and so the ace of swords is here and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00147-00030800-00031007 this is also about believing that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00148-00031008-00031174 this is possible that's something that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00149-00031175-00031327 keeps coming up let's see what else is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00150-00031327-00031374 here for
A5GoB5MP9w4-00151-00031375-00031718 number one
A5GoB5MP9w4-00152-00031719-00031958 justice we have libra energy without
A5GoB5MP9w4-00153-00031960-00032095 death number one
A5GoB5MP9w4-00154-00032095-00032343 thank you and queen of pentacles yeah so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00155-00032344-00032583 your dreams are definitely here to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00156-00032583-00032807 it's attached to financial freedom as
A5GoB5MP9w4-00157-00032808-00032911 well and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00158-00032912-00033143 your dreams are definitely coming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00159-00033144-00033343 how will this come true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00160-00033344-00033502 the chariot it is definitely going to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00161-00033503-00033727 come through we have now libra energy we
A5GoB5MP9w4-00162-00033728-00033887 have cancer energy here so you guys
A5GoB5MP9w4-00163-00033888-00033951 could be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00164-00033952-00034143 one of those signs you don't have to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00165-00034144-00034431 but the queen of pentacles is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00166-00034432-00034711 someone who's able to produce an amount
A5GoB5MP9w4-00167-00034712-00034862 of income for themselves i'm really
A5GoB5MP9w4-00168-00034863-00035174 feeling like you guys have an artistic
A5GoB5MP9w4-00169-00035175-00035471 side to you that is here to bring you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00170-00035472-00035646 some type of financial success if you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00171-00035647-00035687 guys
A5GoB5MP9w4-00172-00035688-00035943 chose this deck i also feel like it may
A5GoB5MP9w4-00173-00035944-00036062 not be happening
A5GoB5MP9w4-00174-00036063-00036311 uh quick enough and i do see that this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00175-00036312-00036462 is going to happen give me the next five
A5GoB5MP9w4-00176-00036463-00036511 years
A5GoB5MP9w4-00177-00036512-00036799 thank you four of swords and right now
A5GoB5MP9w4-00178-00036800-00037015 it seems like you're in a resting period
A5GoB5MP9w4-00179-00037016-00037359 and spirit wants you to focus more on
A5GoB5MP9w4-00180-00037360-00037430 trusting
A5GoB5MP9w4-00181-00037431-00037662 and having clarity let's see what is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00182-00037663-00037883 preventing their dreams from moving
A5GoB5MP9w4-00183-00037884-00038127 forward letting go
A5GoB5MP9w4-00184-00038128-00038455 the burden and projections okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-00185-00038456-00038687 so this is more so of making amends with
A5GoB5MP9w4-00186-00038688-00038790 your past
A5GoB5MP9w4-00187-00038791-00039030 and kind of leaving it there so that you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00188-00039031-00039246 have this new beginning this new chance
A5GoB5MP9w4-00189-00039247-00039351 of success
A5GoB5MP9w4-00190-00039352-00039543 again a lot of financial success here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00191-00039544-00039839 your life purpose is centered around
A5GoB5MP9w4-00192-00039840-00040159 having fun and enjoying life
A5GoB5MP9w4-00193-00040160-00040383 okay so you're here to experience life
A5GoB5MP9w4-00194-00040384-00040583 to enjoy things and that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00195-00040584-00040846 also is attached to abundance because
A5GoB5MP9w4-00196-00040847-00040887 with
A5GoB5MP9w4-00197-00040888-00041230 more money with more resources
A5GoB5MP9w4-00198-00041231-00041487 you're allowed to accelerate this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00199-00041488-00041574 process
A5GoB5MP9w4-00200-00041575-00041862 towards your fulfillment so you're able
A5GoB5MP9w4-00201-00041863-00042062 to see your dreams come to life with the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00202-00042063-00042102 more
A5GoB5MP9w4-00203-00042103-00042407 practical sense financially so i am
A5GoB5MP9w4-00204-00042408-00042679 seeing that it is time to make a plan
A5GoB5MP9w4-00205-00042680-00042927 of action on how this dream can't come
A5GoB5MP9w4-00206-00042928-00042983 true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00207-00042984-00043255 so i am feeling like right now you have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00208-00043256-00043318 the burden
A5GoB5MP9w4-00209-00043319-00043511 the letting go the projections you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-00210-00043512-00043711 kind of moving through this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00211-00043712-00043943 it seems like quicksand it's very slow
A5GoB5MP9w4-00212-00043944-00044095 let's see why
A5GoB5MP9w4-00213-00044096-00044415 you're not alone isolation community so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00214-00044416-00044839 that's something here too is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00215-00044840-00045143 let's see whale
A5GoB5MP9w4-00216-00045144-00045374 share your song frequency of sound
A5GoB5MP9w4-00217-00045375-00045527 diving deep
A5GoB5MP9w4-00218-00045528-00045711 so yeah some of you could definitely be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00219-00045712-00045935 artists some of you could definitely
A5GoB5MP9w4-00220-00045936-00046055 have creative paths
A5GoB5MP9w4-00221-00046056-00046423 that you wanted to pursue at some
A5GoB5MP9w4-00222-00046424-00046599 time your childhood is very important
A5GoB5MP9w4-00223-00046600-00046790 they keep bringing me back there and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00224-00046791-00047007 higher self is saying that when you were
A5GoB5MP9w4-00225-00047008-00047102 your truest self
A5GoB5MP9w4-00226-00047103-00047327 is when you were your most innocent self
A5GoB5MP9w4-00227-00047328-00047415 happy
A5GoB5MP9w4-00228-00047416-00047646 worry free and that would be as your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00229-00047647-00047815 child so your inner child
A5GoB5MP9w4-00230-00047816-00048118 is at the core essence of your soul it
A5GoB5MP9w4-00231-00048119-00048255 is your soul
A5GoB5MP9w4-00232-00048256-00048502 and so this this inner child like wants
A5GoB5MP9w4-00233-00048503-00048615 to explore
A5GoB5MP9w4-00234-00048616-00048799 and so with that comes a lot of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00235-00048800-00049151 financial success we have ambition
A5GoB5MP9w4-00236-00049152-00049423 so this is going to happen ambition when
A5GoB5MP9w4-00237-00049424-00049471 you have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00238-00049472-00049830 ambition and freedom this is going to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00239-00049831-00050086 happen as well
A5GoB5MP9w4-00240-00050087-00050271 so this is going to happen through being
A5GoB5MP9w4-00241-00050272-00050407 able to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00242-00050408-00050590 live out your dreams doing what you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-00243-00050591-00050743 aspired to do and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00244-00050744-00051015 inspired to do what makes you feel free
A5GoB5MP9w4-00245-00051016-00051167 is also living out your dreams so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00246-00051168-00051311 technically speaking
A5GoB5MP9w4-00247-00051312-00051607 you are living out your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00248-00051608-00051758 vicariously like you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-00249-00051759-00052014 in and out but sustaining this and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00250-00052015-00052087 making this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00251-00052088-00052366 an everyday dream and not just a one
A5GoB5MP9w4-00252-00052367-00052607 every birthday it feels like i'm free
A5GoB5MP9w4-00253-00052608-00052799 it's like if your birthday were every
A5GoB5MP9w4-00254-00052800-00052959 day what would that feel like
A5GoB5MP9w4-00255-00052960-00053271 so you have a dream of just being able
A5GoB5MP9w4-00256-00053272-00053438 to be free and be yourself and i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-00257-00053439-00053623 seeing that this is definitely happening
A5GoB5MP9w4-00258-00053624-00053791 and i'm feeling within the next five
A5GoB5MP9w4-00259-00053791-00053950 years something is getting ready to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00260-00053951-00054023 shift
A5GoB5MP9w4-00261-00054024-00054359 into more stability and also there
A5GoB5MP9w4-00262-00054360-00054582 is you know this maturity in your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00263-00054583-00054703 finances
A5GoB5MP9w4-00264-00054704-00054950 and so this is allowing you to have that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00265-00054951-00055030 freedom
A5GoB5MP9w4-00266-00055032-00055335 and so another thing is is that spirit
A5GoB5MP9w4-00267-00055336-00055415 is saying
A5GoB5MP9w4-00268-00055416-00055623 if your dreams came true right now you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00269-00055624-00055726 may not even
A5GoB5MP9w4-00270-00055727-00056015 recognize it because of the burden so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00271-00056016-00056182 these are burdens of thoughts of the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00272-00056183-00056263 past
A5GoB5MP9w4-00273-00056264-00056454 let's see what else is here for what's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00274-00056455-00056687 blocking your dreams from coming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00275-00056688-00056919 deck one why is the burden here thank
A5GoB5MP9w4-00276-00056920-00057023 you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00277-00057024-00057319 suppression okay so there's some things
A5GoB5MP9w4-00278-00057320-00057511 that have to be addressed in practical
A5GoB5MP9w4-00279-00057512-00057742 terms your dreams are going to start
A5GoB5MP9w4-00280-00057744-00057959 becoming more real and more true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00281-00057960-00058326 as this healing is happening okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-00282-00058327-00058526 so it's hard to kind of embrace it
A5GoB5MP9w4-00283-00058527-00058703 that's what i'm hearing spirit says
A5GoB5MP9w4-00284-00058704-00059063 it's hard to embrace your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00285-00059064-00059254 when there is a sense of suppression or
A5GoB5MP9w4-00286-00059255-00059391 holding on to burdens
A5GoB5MP9w4-00287-00059391-00059566 burdens can be other people but again we
A5GoB5MP9w4-00288-00059567-00059703 have letting go of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00289-00059704-00059926 even the way you see yourself and then
A5GoB5MP9w4-00290-00059927-00060119 we also have the seven of cups which as
A5GoB5MP9w4-00291-00060120-00060271 you see they have the mask on their face
A5GoB5MP9w4-00292-00060272-00060423 this is a lack of trust
A5GoB5MP9w4-00293-00060424-00060599 so this is a lot of emotional things
A5GoB5MP9w4-00294-00060600-00060750 that i'm sensing that if you guys
A5GoB5MP9w4-00295-00060751-00060950 are artists or you for those of you who
A5GoB5MP9w4-00296-00060951-00061126 are artists and you sing or
A5GoB5MP9w4-00297-00061127-00061311 you write or you have some type of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00298-00061312-00061542 connection with music or dancing
A5GoB5MP9w4-00299-00061544-00061806 i definitely feel like for this card to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00300-00061807-00061926 come up for those of you who are
A5GoB5MP9w4-00301-00061927-00062038 resonating
A5GoB5MP9w4-00302-00062039-00062182 that you know the things that you have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00303-00062183-00062359 been through the music is the channel
A5GoB5MP9w4-00304-00062360-00062494 it's the outlet
A5GoB5MP9w4-00305-00062495-00062766 okay it's the outlook for expression and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00306-00062767-00062838 so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00307-00062839-00063006 i'm definitely feeling like you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-00308-00063007-00063215 coming into the sense of wholeness
A5GoB5MP9w4-00309-00063216-00063471 that's allowing you to be yourself and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00310-00063472-00063630 who are you becoming someone who's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00311-00063632-00063735 speaking up
A5GoB5MP9w4-00312-00063736-00063959 and so with open communication we have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00313-00063960-00064119 get away off your chest
A5GoB5MP9w4-00314-00064120-00064287 speak up with love and be heard so you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00315-00064288-00064479 guys could be like into poetry
A5GoB5MP9w4-00316-00064479-00064647 you could be a speaker you could be an
A5GoB5MP9w4-00317-00064648-00064871 author you could be someone who talks
A5GoB5MP9w4-00318-00064872-00065094 or someone people listen to this is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00319-00065095-00065350 definitely
A5GoB5MP9w4-00320-00065351-00065606 this is definitely who you're becoming
A5GoB5MP9w4-00321-00065607-00065671 in
A5GoB5MP9w4-00322-00065672-00065967 a sense of speak up with love and be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00323-00065968-00066006 heard
A5GoB5MP9w4-00324-00066007-00066303 let's see why this is here for deck
A5GoB5MP9w4-00325-00066304-00066431 number one
A5GoB5MP9w4-00326-00066432-00066606 when their dreams will come true when
A5GoB5MP9w4-00327-00066607-00066847 will they
A5GoB5MP9w4-00328-00066848-00067143 i release myself from self-inflicting
A5GoB5MP9w4-00329-00067144-00067215 vines
A5GoB5MP9w4-00330-00067216-00067406 so your dreams are going to come true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00331-00067407-00067575 when you start releasing yourself from
A5GoB5MP9w4-00332-00067576-00067823 everything that is weighing you down or
A5GoB5MP9w4-00333-00067824-00068015 holding you back in a sense
A5GoB5MP9w4-00334-00068016-00068359 okay so you do have a gift i am sensing
A5GoB5MP9w4-00335-00068360-00068567 that you guys do have a gift it could
A5GoB5MP9w4-00336-00068568-00068735 some of you it could be with tarot or
A5GoB5MP9w4-00337-00068736-00068887 cards if you're drawn to it
A5GoB5MP9w4-00338-00068888-00069119 and let me tell you i was not drawn to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00339-00069120-00069191 tarot
A5GoB5MP9w4-00340-00069192-00069423 it took me three months and i started my
A5GoB5MP9w4-00341-00069424-00069511 channel
A5GoB5MP9w4-00342-00069512-00069711 and i learned more and more the more
A5GoB5MP9w4-00343-00069712-00069863 that i've done it and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00344-00069864-00070031 i wasn't even into that and now i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-00345-00070032-00070191 starting to see more people become
A5GoB5MP9w4-00346-00070192-00070335 interested in tarot
A5GoB5MP9w4-00347-00070336-00070575 just to connect with your higher self so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00348-00070576-00070775 it doesn't have to be religious purposes
A5GoB5MP9w4-00349-00070776-00071015 it could just be used as a tool for you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00350-00071016-00071159 to get guidance
A5GoB5MP9w4-00351-00071160-00071375 because it's very important that you are
A5GoB5MP9w4-00352-00071376-00071471 in tune
A5GoB5MP9w4-00353-00071472-00071671 with yourself and i feel like you're an
A5GoB5MP9w4-00354-00071672-00071799 empath okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-00355-00071800-00072038 so this impact ability that you do have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00356-00072039-00072223 many people may you might find it hard
A5GoB5MP9w4-00357-00072224-00072343 to make those connections
A5GoB5MP9w4-00358-00072344-00072519 because we do have the seven of cups
A5GoB5MP9w4-00359-00072520-00072703 with genuine people
A5GoB5MP9w4-00360-00072704-00072959 okay i do see that justice is going to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00361-00072960-00073167 come there is going to be a turning leaf
A5GoB5MP9w4-00362-00073168-00073319 but some of these things have to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00363-00073320-00073479 dealt with because it definitely is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00364-00073480-00073559 infringing
A5GoB5MP9w4-00365-00073560-00073871 on your freedom and so they have to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00366-00073872-00074015 dealt with the things that are
A5GoB5MP9w4-00367-00074016-00074231 you know emotionally holding you back we
A5GoB5MP9w4-00368-00074232-00074471 have the letting go card so let's get
A5GoB5MP9w4-00369-00074472-00074799 one more practical card here your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00370-00074800-00075087 commitment is being tested
A5GoB5MP9w4-00371-00075088-00075343 so that's how this is happening so your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00372-00075344-00075526 dreams are becoming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00373-00075527-00075831 the freer you become okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-00374-00075832-00076062 and then also a part of those dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00375-00076063-00076159 becoming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00376-00076160-00076391 are financial dreams so that you have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00377-00076392-00076479 stability and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00378-00076480-00076767 more than enough so that you can live
A5GoB5MP9w4-00379-00076768-00077006 like a child it's essentially where the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00380-00077007-00077255 the earth becomes a playground and you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00381-00077256-00077415 are just here for the fun and the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00382-00077416-00077606 experience very simple at the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00383-00077607-00077959 this is a very very simple purpose here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00384-00077960-00078287 and so having fun and following your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00385-00078288-00078487 inner child is also what is connecting
A5GoB5MP9w4-00386-00078488-00078615 you to your higher self
A5GoB5MP9w4-00387-00078616-00078782 okay so that's when you're going to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00388-00078783-00078919 able to connect there but it's hard to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00389-00078920-00079087 connect when you have burdens
A5GoB5MP9w4-00390-00079088-00079303 and suppression and you know things that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00391-00079304-00079438 maybe you haven't addressed or talked
A5GoB5MP9w4-00392-00079439-00079599 about and so i am seeing that things are
A5GoB5MP9w4-00393-00079600-00079694 moving forward
A5GoB5MP9w4-00394-00079695-00079879 and your commitment is being tested
A5GoB5MP9w4-00395-00079880-00080111 let's see the last card for
A5GoB5MP9w4-00396-00080112-00080350 when let's look at the next five when
A5GoB5MP9w4-00397-00080351-00080462 this is gonna happen
A5GoB5MP9w4-00398-00080463-00080711 thank you you already have all the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00399-00080712-00080799 answers
A5GoB5MP9w4-00400-00080800-00081126 voyage so now it's just
A5GoB5MP9w4-00401-00081127-00081503 following what you know to be true okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-00402-00081504-00081687 following what you know to be true about
A5GoB5MP9w4-00403-00081688-00081918 your dreams and about what you're here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00404-00081919-00082071 to accomplish and then having a
A5GoB5MP9w4-00405-00082072-00082175 practical plan
A5GoB5MP9w4-00406-00082176-00082391 so that means not being stuck in dream
A5GoB5MP9w4-00407-00082392-00082567 mode you know where you know talking
A5GoB5MP9w4-00408-00082568-00082718 about your dreams there's excitement
A5GoB5MP9w4-00409-00082719-00082775 there
A5GoB5MP9w4-00410-00082776-00083103 but actually making a plan of action to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00411-00083104-00083350 materialize them here on earth and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00412-00083351-00083494 that's part of your purpose and what's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00413-00083495-00083631 bringing you wholeness as well
A5GoB5MP9w4-00414-00083632-00083823 and we have be honest with yourself that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00415-00083824-00083991 was the second card that came out
A5GoB5MP9w4-00416-00083992-00084238 about when your dreams will become true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00417-00084239-00084350 is when you start
A5GoB5MP9w4-00418-00084351-00084615 becoming honest with yourself about what
A5GoB5MP9w4-00419-00084616-00084815 needs to you need to release yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-00420-00084816-00084918 from
A5GoB5MP9w4-00421-00084919-00085159 that could be self-inflicted and that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00422-00085160-00085318 usually means you know things that we
A5GoB5MP9w4-00423-00085319-00085479 bring upon ourselves or things that we
A5GoB5MP9w4-00424-00085480-00085575 bring to ourselves
A5GoB5MP9w4-00425-00085576-00085831 and so with the burden here and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00426-00085832-00086023 projections and suppression
A5GoB5MP9w4-00427-00086024-00086326 this is definitely detachment so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00428-00086327-00086526 remember i said that you're an empath
A5GoB5MP9w4-00429-00086527-00086823 and so in past you absorb a lot and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00430-00086824-00086862 the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00431-00086863-00087023 the absorption that you're having there
A5GoB5MP9w4-00432-00087024-00087271 needs to be some more filters
A5GoB5MP9w4-00433-00087272-00087447 there so that you're not absorbing
A5GoB5MP9w4-00434-00087448-00087623 everything and everyone
A5GoB5MP9w4-00435-00087624-00087806 because then you have to detach from all
A5GoB5MP9w4-00436-00087807-00087991 of that and so i'm seeing that there are
A5GoB5MP9w4-00437-00087992-00088191 a lot of detachments and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00438-00088192-00088350 your dreams are becoming more true it's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00439-00088351-00088535 like as you're going towards your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00440-00088536-00088671 you're detaching
A5GoB5MP9w4-00441-00088672-00088943 more and more and you become freer and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00442-00088944-00089031 freer and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00443-00089032-00089287 this allows you to live your dreams uh
A5GoB5MP9w4-00444-00089288-00089391 much longer
A5GoB5MP9w4-00445-00089392-00089591 and so right now things may be moving
A5GoB5MP9w4-00446-00089592-00089735 slow even financially we're gonna get
A5GoB5MP9w4-00447-00089736-00090479 some clarity on that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00448-00090480-00090782 let's see
A5GoB5MP9w4-00449-00090783-00090943 all right anything else about their
A5GoB5MP9w4-00450-00090944-00091087 dreams coming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00451-00091088-00091215 queen of pentacles that's what i was
A5GoB5MP9w4-00452-00091216-00091423 looking for is your finances so we have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00453-00091424-00091615 the queen of pentacles
A5GoB5MP9w4-00454-00091616-00091975 twice okay i have everything i need to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00455-00091976-00092303 prosper so the spirit is saying that you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00456-00092304-00092526 have everything you need right now
A5GoB5MP9w4-00457-00092527-00092750 to prosper the wisdom that you have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00458-00092751-00092935 you're very multifaceted there are many
A5GoB5MP9w4-00459-00092936-00093031 things you will do
A5GoB5MP9w4-00460-00093032-00093262 so all of the things that you think you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00461-00093263-00093494 need you already have everything you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00462-00093495-00093623 need to prosper
A5GoB5MP9w4-00463-00093624-00093831 and so this prosperity and at the bottom
A5GoB5MP9w4-00464-00093832-00093926 of the deck we have the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00465-00093927-00094262 king of pentacles okay and i am sure of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00466-00094263-00094438 my place in this world this is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00467-00094439-00094823 the certainty of your abundance
A5GoB5MP9w4-00468-00094824-00095135 okay you have to know that you are this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00469-00095136-00095335 in order to attract this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00470-00095336-00095662 so the universe is definitely wanting to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00471-00095663-00095862 give to you more because
A5GoB5MP9w4-00472-00095863-00096118 it's a connection to your fulfillment is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00473-00096119-00096279 your resources and your financial
A5GoB5MP9w4-00474-00096280-00096423 resources here on earth
A5GoB5MP9w4-00475-00096424-00096687 and so i am also feeling like being
A5GoB5MP9w4-00476-00096688-00096903 present in the moment is very important
A5GoB5MP9w4-00477-00096904-00097174 also they're making this very clear that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00478-00097175-00097271 you know don't
A5GoB5MP9w4-00479-00097272-00097487 sacrifice these present moments for
A5GoB5MP9w4-00480-00097488-00097703 future fantasies
A5GoB5MP9w4-00481-00097704-00098015 okay just being present and being here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00482-00098016-00098094 in the moment
A5GoB5MP9w4-00483-00098095-00098374 breathing and existing and being alive
A5GoB5MP9w4-00484-00098375-00098479 this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00485-00098480-00098703 is the dream that's the enlightened
A5GoB5MP9w4-00486-00098704-00098799 version um
A5GoB5MP9w4-00487-00098800-00099126 and if that hits you then that is a much
A5GoB5MP9w4-00488-00099127-00099231 higher perspective
A5GoB5MP9w4-00489-00099232-00099535 we are already living this dream um
A5GoB5MP9w4-00490-00099536-00099806 it's just that along the path we get
A5GoB5MP9w4-00491-00099807-00099894 attached
A5GoB5MP9w4-00492-00099895-00100191 to many things that bring us down into a
A5GoB5MP9w4-00493-00100192-00100271 very low
A5GoB5MP9w4-00494-00100272-00100503 frequency of feeling like we can't live
A5GoB5MP9w4-00495-00100504-00100623 our dreams or maybe people
A5GoB5MP9w4-00496-00100624-00100815 we don't have enough to live them and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00497-00100816-00100950 i'm definitely feeling that this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00498-00100951-00101143 is something here last message for deck
A5GoB5MP9w4-00499-00101144-00101287 one
A5GoB5MP9w4-00500-00101288-00101559 we have the hanged man i can see this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00501-00101560-00101694 situation
A5GoB5MP9w4-00502-00101695-00102023 another way so this is definitely going
A5GoB5MP9w4-00503-00102024-00102182 to require you to change your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00504-00102183-00102335 perspective about things
A5GoB5MP9w4-00505-00102336-00102518 that's part of the evolution process
A5GoB5MP9w4-00506-00102519-00102647 it's not just i
A5GoB5MP9w4-00507-00102648-00102942 evolved one time it's ever evolving and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00508-00102943-00102990 so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00509-00102991-00103271 you will evolve in many many instances
A5GoB5MP9w4-00510-00103272-00103478 in your life but this is being open to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00511-00103479-00103647 evolving in all
A5GoB5MP9w4-00512-00103648-00103863 aspects and areas and that is just being
A5GoB5MP9w4-00513-00103864-00103958 open to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00514-00103959-00104175 possibilities outside of what's right in
A5GoB5MP9w4-00515-00104176-00104294 front of you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00516-00104295-00104542 and really just tuning in to yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-00517-00104543-00104686 understanding when you know that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00518-00104688-00104927 you're not alone you're being guided and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00519-00104928-00105054 this gives you the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00520-00105055-00105286 the ability to embrace your dreams too
A5GoB5MP9w4-00521-00105288-00105423 so that you don't miss them
A5GoB5MP9w4-00522-00105424-00105566 so i am definitely seeing that things
A5GoB5MP9w4-00523-00105567-00105758 are moving forward in the next five
A5GoB5MP9w4-00524-00105759-00106007 years something is going to happen in
A5GoB5MP9w4-00525-00106008-00106190 your dreams and let's just get clarity
A5GoB5MP9w4-00526-00106191-00106527 on what that is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00527-00106528-00106895 five years from now in their dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00528-00106896-00107166 let's get that clarity all right we have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00529-00107167-00107310 the page of swords
A5GoB5MP9w4-00530-00107311-00107639 and the three of swords so many of you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00531-00107640-00107910 have the opportunity to obtain your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00532-00107911-00108007 dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00533-00108008-00108319 and that's a lot faster by following
A5GoB5MP9w4-00534-00108320-00108415 your intuition
A5GoB5MP9w4-00535-00108416-00108647 so that is the benefit of having it it
A5GoB5MP9w4-00536-00108648-00108943 is acting as if a flashlight was there
A5GoB5MP9w4-00537-00108944-00109102 to kind of guide you throughout this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00538-00109103-00109247 place in your life
A5GoB5MP9w4-00539-00109248-00109543 and so as it acts as this flashlight
A5GoB5MP9w4-00540-00109544-00109719 that guides you through these tunnels
A5GoB5MP9w4-00541-00109720-00110047 of your life it really does help you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00542-00110048-00110215 accept things a lot quicker
A5GoB5MP9w4-00543-00110216-00110407 and so there will be many things that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00544-00110408-00110678 you will have to accept and let go of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00545-00110679-00110895 but it is so worth it because i'm seeing
A5GoB5MP9w4-00546-00110896-00111071 that it is just truthfully
A5GoB5MP9w4-00547-00111072-00111334 um infringing on you reaching and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00548-00111335-00111447 obtaining your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00549-00111448-00111678 much quicker and so i am seeing that in
A5GoB5MP9w4-00550-00111679-00111807 the next five years
A5GoB5MP9w4-00551-00111808-00112119 your dreams are becoming real and that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00552-00112120-00112199 is only
A5GoB5MP9w4-00553-00112200-00112478 through many of the sheddings that you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00554-00112479-00112678 have went through it's not a bad thing
A5GoB5MP9w4-00555-00112679-00112958 this is allowing you to become burden
A5GoB5MP9w4-00556-00112959-00113031 less
A5GoB5MP9w4-00557-00113032-00113286 so that you can fly much much higher so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00558-00113288-00113478 if you guys chose deck number one
A5GoB5MP9w4-00559-00113479-00113631 this is your reading and how and when
A5GoB5MP9w4-00560-00113632-00113807 your dreams will come true don't forget
A5GoB5MP9w4-00561-00113808-00114047 to comment down below
A5GoB5MP9w4-00562-00114048-00114231 i believe if you guys believe that your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00563-00114232-00114390 dreams are becoming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00564-00114391-00114647 every day and i can get some words of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00565-00114648-00114743 feedback to you guys
A5GoB5MP9w4-00566-00114744-00114943 after that in the meantime i'm gonna
A5GoB5MP9w4-00567-00114944-00115127 move on to deck number two
A5GoB5MP9w4-00568-00115128-00115310 if you guys show exact number two this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00569-00115311-00115527 is your reading and how and when
A5GoB5MP9w4-00570-00115528-00115902 will your dreams come true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00571-00115903-00116199 the oracle's gift let's see what this is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00572-00116200-00116351 about
A5GoB5MP9w4-00573-00116352-00116719 balance take time to relax indulge a
A5GoB5MP9w4-00574-00116720-00116910 little more or less
A5GoB5MP9w4-00575-00116911-00117183 set boundaries with work so it depends
A5GoB5MP9w4-00576-00117183-00117343 on who you are that it will resonate
A5GoB5MP9w4-00577-00117344-00117447 with your either
A5GoB5MP9w4-00578-00117448-00117702 indulging a little bit too much in work
A5GoB5MP9w4-00579-00117703-00117919 or you're not doing enough
A5GoB5MP9w4-00580-00117920-00118095 or it just seems like if there's an
A5GoB5MP9w4-00581-00118096-00118302 imbalance that is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00582-00118303-00118510 keeping you out of alignment from
A5GoB5MP9w4-00583-00118511-00118663 obtaining these dreams that we'll talk
A5GoB5MP9w4-00584-00118664-00118727 about
A5GoB5MP9w4-00585-00118728-00119134 so embrace is here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00586-00119135-00119447 star keeper cosmic ancestors see the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00587-00119448-00119766 light by staying grounded
A5GoB5MP9w4-00588-00119767-00119983 so staying grounded is going to be very
A5GoB5MP9w4-00589-00119983-00120071 important
A5GoB5MP9w4-00590-00120072-00120271 and how do you do that it's about being
A5GoB5MP9w4-00591-00120272-00120495 aware of really when you need to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00592-00120496-00120599 grounded or
A5GoB5MP9w4-00593-00120600-00120854 are having awareness of when it's too
A5GoB5MP9w4-00594-00120855-00121063 much
A5GoB5MP9w4-00595-00121064-00121375 let's see what this is about
A5GoB5MP9w4-00596-00121376-00121678 all right how and when
A5GoB5MP9w4-00597-00121679-00121951 let's look at how well that two strings
A5GoB5MP9w4-00598-00121952-00122239 become successful
A5GoB5MP9w4-00599-00122240-00122558 and i know they become weird we got
A5GoB5MP9w4-00600-00122559-00122719 virgo energy here we have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00601-00122720-00123031 judgment so five of cups you are here to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00602-00123032-00123158 definitely
A5GoB5MP9w4-00603-00123159-00123375 live your dreams this is like a sense of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00604-00123376-00123607 part of your purpose i'm getting too
A5GoB5MP9w4-00605-00123608-00123823 with the judgment card here we also had
A5GoB5MP9w4-00606-00123824-00123983 virgo energy so you guys could be a
A5GoB5MP9w4-00607-00123983-00124127 virgo you don't have to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00608-00124128-00124414 five of cups is here so this is about
A5GoB5MP9w4-00609-00124415-00124583 not really spending much time on the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00610-00124583-00124783 things that didn't work out being open
A5GoB5MP9w4-00611-00124783-00124919 to moving forward
A5GoB5MP9w4-00612-00124920-00125127 so let's see what this is also about
A5GoB5MP9w4-00613-00125128-00125302 last card for deck two
A5GoB5MP9w4-00614-00125303-00125623 and how their dreams will become real
A5GoB5MP9w4-00615-00125624-00125790 so they're definitely going to become
A5GoB5MP9w4-00616-00125791-00125951 real i'm seeing that it's a sense of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00617-00125952-00126086 creativeness
A5GoB5MP9w4-00618-00126088-00126423 that is attached to this so i do see
A5GoB5MP9w4-00619-00126424-00126543 that there is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00620-00126544-00126734 where you're happy where you're joyful
A5GoB5MP9w4-00621-00126735-00126886 this is where your dreams are going to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00622-00126888-00127007 become real
A5GoB5MP9w4-00623-00127008-00127223 and i'm also feeling like there is a
A5GoB5MP9w4-00624-00127224-00127351 celebration to come
A5GoB5MP9w4-00625-00127352-00127647 soon now this is also just a part of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00626-00127648-00127766 your purpose here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00627-00127767-00127951 is to live these dreams they're a part
A5GoB5MP9w4-00628-00127952-00128183 of you but we do have focus here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00629-00128183-00128486 let's see why focus is here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00630-00128488-00128766 for deck 2 in their dreams the world
A5GoB5MP9w4-00631-00128767-00128847 card
A5GoB5MP9w4-00632-00128848-00129151 i celebrate life and welcome new energy
A5GoB5MP9w4-00633-00129152-00129366 so yes this is about being able to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00634-00129367-00129575 embrace the newness that's coming in i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-00635-00129576-00129686 definitely feeling that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00636-00129688-00129863 we have 11 here so that could be very
A5GoB5MP9w4-00637-00129864-00130078 important but this year if you've chosen
A5GoB5MP9w4-00638-00130079-00130247 this deck it doesn't matter which year
A5GoB5MP9w4-00639-00130248-00130278 this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00640-00130279-00130534 is but this year i am sensing because
A5GoB5MP9w4-00641-00130535-00130743 it's they're giving me a one year mark
A5GoB5MP9w4-00642-00130744-00130910 where something is going to change in
A5GoB5MP9w4-00643-00130911-00131023 your life this would be like a
A5GoB5MP9w4-00644-00131024-00131151 revelation
A5GoB5MP9w4-00645-00131152-00131511 something that is more of a revealing of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00646-00131512-00131566 who you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00647-00131567-00131831 are and the gifts that you do have okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-00648-00131832-00131966 some of you could be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00649-00131967-00132263 centered into healing um healing some of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00650-00132264-00132454 your families i mean there are dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00651-00132455-00132543 that you have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00652-00132544-00132799 that are embedded in other people as
A5GoB5MP9w4-00653-00132800-00132966 well so that means that you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00654-00132967-00133207 have a dream to share with others you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00655-00133208-00133351 know you have people around you that you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00656-00133352-00133399 love
A5GoB5MP9w4-00657-00133400-00133607 and so i am sensing that your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00658-00133608-00133807 become real when the ones that you love
A5GoB5MP9w4-00659-00133808-00133902 are around
A5GoB5MP9w4-00660-00133903-00134071 and not something that's getting ready
A5GoB5MP9w4-00661-00134072-00134271 to shift here so it's saying
A5GoB5MP9w4-00662-00134272-00134551 celebrate life and welcoming new energy
A5GoB5MP9w4-00663-00134552-00134607 so this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00664-00134608-00134927 means to welcome in new
A5GoB5MP9w4-00665-00134928-00135102 things in new embracing things so let's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00666-00135103-00135247 see what this is hope
A5GoB5MP9w4-00667-00135248-00135535 love and acceptance so yeah your true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00668-00135536-00135583 self
A5GoB5MP9w4-00669-00135584-00135847 is very hopeful very loving and very
A5GoB5MP9w4-00670-00135848-00135943 accepting
A5GoB5MP9w4-00671-00135944-00136263 and so love is yours recognize your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00672-00136264-00136319 divine
A5GoB5MP9w4-00673-00136320-00136654 worth choose loving thoughts
A5GoB5MP9w4-00674-00136655-00136959 so your spiritual awakening is going to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00675-00136960-00136990 be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00676-00136991-00137271 centered around even things that happen
A5GoB5MP9w4-00677-00137272-00137399 in your life where where
A5GoB5MP9w4-00678-00137400-00137639 they're very painful to detach from and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00679-00137640-00137854 that is because of the acceptance
A5GoB5MP9w4-00680-00137855-00138078 okay with this acceptance the quicker
A5GoB5MP9w4-00681-00138079-00138319 you accept things and we accept things
A5GoB5MP9w4-00682-00138320-00138590 the sooner we can be free from them and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00683-00138591-00138623 so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00684-00138624-00138831 this is definitely something where you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00685-00138832-00139047 are here to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00686-00139048-00139327 experience a lot of new things and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00687-00139328-00139495 that's a part of this and also with your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00688-00139496-00139614 spiritual awakening
A5GoB5MP9w4-00689-00139615-00139790 is following your intuition and your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00690-00139791-00139943 heart rather than
A5GoB5MP9w4-00691-00139944-00140166 your thoughts in your beliefs so let's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00692-00140167-00140335 see what would be blocking these dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00693-00140336-00140927 from coming in for deck two
A5GoB5MP9w4-00694-00140928-00141254 patience okay so i definitely feel like
A5GoB5MP9w4-00695-00141255-00141519 someone some of you are definitely
A5GoB5MP9w4-00696-00141520-00141607 parents or
A5GoB5MP9w4-00697-00141608-00141878 will be parents or have a connection to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00698-00141879-00141990 birthing
A5GoB5MP9w4-00699-00141991-00142223 okay because we have a lot of pregnancy
A5GoB5MP9w4-00700-00142224-00142375 here we have the world this usually
A5GoB5MP9w4-00701-00142376-00142478 signifies
A5GoB5MP9w4-00702-00142479-00142783 a new birth this is also just a new
A5GoB5MP9w4-00703-00142784-00142943 representation of a new birth of who
A5GoB5MP9w4-00704-00142944-00143047 you're becoming
A5GoB5MP9w4-00705-00143048-00143239 so you're no longer who you used to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00706-00143240-00143454 so the past is irrelevant
A5GoB5MP9w4-00707-00143455-00143614 i am also hearing that i feel like
A5GoB5MP9w4-00708-00143615-00143814 you're gonna have your dreams are just
A5GoB5MP9w4-00709-00143815-00143871 so much
A5GoB5MP9w4-00710-00143872-00144102 love so much community that's around you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00711-00144103-00144223 and it's because you are
A5GoB5MP9w4-00712-00144224-00144502 here for a bigger purpose and this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00713-00144503-00144671 purpose is connected to many other
A5GoB5MP9w4-00714-00144672-00144751 people
A5GoB5MP9w4-00715-00144752-00145143 and i'm not sure exactly the depth of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00716-00145144-00145431 that purpose but i am hearing that with
A5GoB5MP9w4-00717-00145432-00145663 the cosmic ancestor you're definitely a
A5GoB5MP9w4-00718-00145664-00145743 star
A5GoB5MP9w4-00719-00145744-00146014 keeper and someone here to see the light
A5GoB5MP9w4-00720-00146015-00146183 so that means that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00721-00146184-00146407 you're here to seek more for yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-00722-00146408-00146511 you're here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00723-00146512-00146814 to question not just kind of follow so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00724-00146815-00146895 you will
A5GoB5MP9w4-00725-00146896-00147111 definitely have a connection to an
A5GoB5MP9w4-00726-00147112-00147271 intuition of just knowing
A5GoB5MP9w4-00727-00147272-00147535 anything else for what could be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00728-00147536-00147671 preventing these dreams from coming
A5GoB5MP9w4-00729-00147672-00147790 forth
A5GoB5MP9w4-00730-00147791-00148111 sooner abundant so yeah abundance
A5GoB5MP9w4-00731-00148112-00148271 creativity at the bottom of the deck
A5GoB5MP9w4-00732-00148272-00148375 empress
A5GoB5MP9w4-00733-00148376-00148551 letting go at the bottom of the deck
A5GoB5MP9w4-00734-00148552-00148799 okay and all of us will find that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00735-00148800-00148902 letting go isn't
A5GoB5MP9w4-00736-00148903-00149078 just a one-time thing there are many
A5GoB5MP9w4-00737-00149079-00149254 endings that we will experience
A5GoB5MP9w4-00738-00149255-00149454 and so that's why the acceptance of the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00739-00149455-00149607 endings are very important
A5GoB5MP9w4-00740-00149608-00149807 because they allow us to get right back
A5GoB5MP9w4-00741-00149808-00150007 into alignment of our happiness and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00742-00150008-00150199 celebration even though
A5GoB5MP9w4-00743-00150200-00150439 events in our life could occur so i
A5GoB5MP9w4-00744-00150440-00150583 definitely feel
A5GoB5MP9w4-00745-00150584-00150902 like your dreams are becoming real as
A5GoB5MP9w4-00746-00150903-00150983 you follow
A5GoB5MP9w4-00747-00150984-00151254 your intuition more and not about what
A5GoB5MP9w4-00748-00151255-00151407 you think you can achieve
A5GoB5MP9w4-00749-00151408-00151559 because i definitely feel like you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-00750-00151560-00151783 here to embrace more abundance in your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00751-00151784-00151839 life
A5GoB5MP9w4-00752-00151840-00152039 so eleven is very important you may see
A5GoB5MP9w4-00753-00152040-00152263 one one one this usually means a new
A5GoB5MP9w4-00754-00152264-00152351 pathway
A5GoB5MP9w4-00755-00152352-00152559 so if something is not working or it's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00756-00152560-00152766 heavy it just does not feel right that's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00757-00152767-00152919 what i mean by following your intuition
A5GoB5MP9w4-00758-00152920-00152959 is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00759-00152960-00153231 focusing on that subtle heaviness when
A5GoB5MP9w4-00760-00153232-00153414 it happens something's not right
A5GoB5MP9w4-00761-00153415-00153583 okay some of you i'm hearing it could be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00762-00153584-00153735 living conditions
A5GoB5MP9w4-00763-00153736-00154078 um needing space for yourself needing to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00764-00154079-00154239 find that time away
A5GoB5MP9w4-00765-00154240-00154375 so there could be many different
A5GoB5MP9w4-00766-00154376-00154631 instances and so you can't really depend
A5GoB5MP9w4-00767-00154632-00154871 on people to tell you these things
A5GoB5MP9w4-00768-00154872-00155159 um you just have to have that awareness
A5GoB5MP9w4-00769-00155160-00155254 of them
A5GoB5MP9w4-00770-00155255-00155423 and that's because you're here to do
A5GoB5MP9w4-00771-00155424-00155639 much greater than the people
A5GoB5MP9w4-00772-00155640-00155799 see that you're here to do so you are
A5GoB5MP9w4-00773-00155800-00156014 becoming this new person
A5GoB5MP9w4-00774-00156015-00156343 so we have the tower okay so yeah you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00775-00156344-00156423 will have many
A5GoB5MP9w4-00776-00156424-00156614 journeys with trying to figure out
A5GoB5MP9w4-00777-00156615-00156790 financial success because i'm definitely
A5GoB5MP9w4-00778-00156791-00156863 seeing
A5GoB5MP9w4-00779-00156864-00157126 that there is traveling here living your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00780-00157127-00157175 dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00781-00157176-00157383 happens when you travel when you explore
A5GoB5MP9w4-00782-00157384-00157535 when you're creating
A5GoB5MP9w4-00783-00157536-00157678 when you're celebrating when you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-00784-00157679-00157863 around the people that you love and this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00785-00157864-00158023 is happening very soon
A5GoB5MP9w4-00786-00158024-00158254 as far as financially you have been
A5GoB5MP9w4-00787-00158255-00158335 through many
A5GoB5MP9w4-00788-00158336-00158535 different paths or will go through many
A5GoB5MP9w4-00789-00158536-00158639 different paths
A5GoB5MP9w4-00790-00158640-00158854 where you will find that where whatever
A5GoB5MP9w4-00791-00158855-00159023 these career paths are wherever these
A5GoB5MP9w4-00792-00159024-00159166 streams are that you're looking to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00793-00159167-00159319 receive more money from
A5GoB5MP9w4-00794-00159320-00159607 are just not bringing fulfillment to you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00795-00159608-00159702 and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00796-00159703-00159926 there is a journey here that you will go
A5GoB5MP9w4-00797-00159927-00160047 on and it is your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00798-00160048-00160278 your journey that you're going to be led
A5GoB5MP9w4-00799-00160279-00160431 on your own path
A5GoB5MP9w4-00800-00160432-00160654 by following your heart into more
A5GoB5MP9w4-00801-00160655-00160783 financial success
A5GoB5MP9w4-00802-00160784-00160935 so let's see what that's about because
A5GoB5MP9w4-00803-00160936-00161126 we do have abundance here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00804-00161127-00161383 okay and all of these cards are here so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00805-00161384-00161471 let's see what this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00806-00161472-00161926 is okay let's clarify why abundance is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00807-00161927-00162047 here for deck 2
A5GoB5MP9w4-00808-00162048-00162335 for their dreams so abundance has a
A5GoB5MP9w4-00809-00162336-00162495 purpose to your dreams because
A5GoB5MP9w4-00810-00162496-00162687 it allows you to move forward with
A5GoB5MP9w4-00811-00162688-00162902 confidence we have chariot energy
A5GoB5MP9w4-00812-00162903-00163054 so you guys are definitely going to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00813-00163055-00163271 moving forward and it's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00814-00163272-00163463 your dreams are happening after this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00815-00163464-00163599 spiritual awakening now they're
A5GoB5MP9w4-00816-00163600-00163663 occurring
A5GoB5MP9w4-00817-00163664-00163911 every day we have the ability to live
A5GoB5MP9w4-00818-00163912-00164054 our dream every
A5GoB5MP9w4-00819-00164055-00164375 single day however sometimes when we're
A5GoB5MP9w4-00820-00164376-00164526 stuck because you can see the five of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00821-00164527-00164687 cups she's focusing on all of the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00822-00164688-00164775 spilled
A5GoB5MP9w4-00823-00164776-00165078 milk here and it prevents us from moving
A5GoB5MP9w4-00824-00165079-00165126 forward
A5GoB5MP9w4-00825-00165127-00165526 it becomes a delay in our course
A5GoB5MP9w4-00826-00165527-00165735 but you can move forward with confidence
A5GoB5MP9w4-00827-00165736-00165943 and i do see that you have an attachment
A5GoB5MP9w4-00828-00165944-00166111 to having more abundance
A5GoB5MP9w4-00829-00166112-00166302 in your life and so that is more than
A5GoB5MP9w4-00830-00166303-00166526 enough of what you need
A5GoB5MP9w4-00831-00166527-00166711 and that is allowing you to live your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00832-00166712-00166902 dream so you're able to live them
A5GoB5MP9w4-00833-00166903-00167087 whenever you're in this place of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00834-00167088-00167247 alignment with yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-00835-00167248-00167447 let's see what else is here star family
A5GoB5MP9w4-00836-00167448-00167647 you're part of a team of souls
A5GoB5MP9w4-00837-00167648-00167959 call and support so support love people
A5GoB5MP9w4-00838-00167960-00168087 around you that you really
A5GoB5MP9w4-00839-00168088-00168295 care about this is going to be when your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00840-00168296-00168511 dreams are becoming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00841-00168512-00168711 let's look at a practical sense of when
A5GoB5MP9w4-00842-00168712-00168831 they will become true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00843-00168832-00169071 emotions are running high so yeah i mean
A5GoB5MP9w4-00844-00169072-00169207 many things
A5GoB5MP9w4-00845-00169208-00169495 many manifestations of your dreams maybe
A5GoB5MP9w4-00846-00169496-00169695 haven't been occurring as often as you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00847-00169696-00169831 would like them to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00848-00169832-00170063 because there are a lot of emotions that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00849-00170064-00170238 are running high here there are a lot of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00850-00170239-00170375 spiritual awakenings
A5GoB5MP9w4-00851-00170376-00170671 many of you have gone through uh many
A5GoB5MP9w4-00852-00170672-00170783 many different things
A5GoB5MP9w4-00853-00170784-00171007 and so with the the judgment here this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00854-00171008-00171119 would tell me that this would be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00855-00171120-00171326 spiritual things things of death that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00856-00171327-00171431 change you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00857-00171432-00171695 forever these are seeing things that you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00858-00171696-00171838 never thought you would see before so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00859-00171839-00172038 there is a revelation of truth happening
A5GoB5MP9w4-00860-00172039-00172183 and i do sense that you guys are
A5GoB5MP9w4-00861-00172184-00172375 connected to a star family
A5GoB5MP9w4-00862-00172376-00172575 and so your dreams are becoming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00863-00172576-00172751 every day
A5GoB5MP9w4-00864-00172752-00172975 and they become even more real it says
A5GoB5MP9w4-00865-00172976-00173207 the end of a tough cycle approaches
A5GoB5MP9w4-00866-00173208-00173326 so i'm definitely going to get some
A5GoB5MP9w4-00867-00173327-00173519 clarity on when that is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00868-00173520-00173790 co-creation and a new earth it's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00869-00173791-00173878 happening
A5GoB5MP9w4-00870-00173879-00174119 keep holding the vision so your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00871-00174120-00174319 are coming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00872-00174320-00174519 they are coming true they're saying keep
A5GoB5MP9w4-00873-00174520-00174695 that vision hold that vision
A5GoB5MP9w4-00874-00174696-00174975 what else do you want them to know about
A5GoB5MP9w4-00875-00174976-00175159 these dreams before i get into this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00876-00175160-00175535 thank you okay let's see you deserve
A5GoB5MP9w4-00877-00175536-00175759 sugar not salt but a lot of the it seems
A5GoB5MP9w4-00878-00175760-00176047 like relationships distractions and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00879-00176048-00176295 where you're putting your energy is very
A5GoB5MP9w4-00880-00176296-00176463 important deck number two
A5GoB5MP9w4-00881-00176464-00176735 okay your energy you have the ability to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00882-00176736-00176919 co-create with the universe okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-00883-00176920-00177190 you have here spider-woman she is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00884-00177191-00177375 someone who can co-create
A5GoB5MP9w4-00885-00177376-00177623 okay so keep holding the vision of your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00886-00177624-00177759 dreams that's what's here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00887-00177760-00178038 that's what hope is for is exactly here
A5GoB5MP9w4-00888-00178039-00178071 for
A5GoB5MP9w4-00889-00178072-00178295 is to hold the hope that you have for
A5GoB5MP9w4-00890-00178296-00178511 the dream coming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00891-00178512-00178799 now hope love and acceptance is all a
A5GoB5MP9w4-00892-00178800-00178959 part of this journey of keeping the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00893-00178960-00179014 vision
A5GoB5MP9w4-00894-00179015-00179311 and also understanding what you are
A5GoB5MP9w4-00895-00179312-00179359 worth
A5GoB5MP9w4-00896-00179360-00179663 in deserving up so a lot of this is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00897-00179664-00179902 tied into some heart chakra things
A5GoB5MP9w4-00898-00179903-00180095 emotional things that you've been
A5GoB5MP9w4-00899-00180096-00180295 dealing with whether it's stress or
A5GoB5MP9w4-00900-00180296-00180487 worry emotional things are things that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00901-00180488-00180590 really affect
A5GoB5MP9w4-00902-00180591-00180759 your health affect your focus your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00903-00180760-00180975 clarity emotions are running high
A5GoB5MP9w4-00904-00180976-00181190 it's hard to see it's hard to know where
A5GoB5MP9w4-00905-00181191-00181351 the dreams are and so one thing that i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-00906-00181352-00181487 hearing for you deck number
A5GoB5MP9w4-00907-00181488-00181743 two is it would be really good to stay
A5GoB5MP9w4-00908-00181744-00181838 inspired
A5GoB5MP9w4-00909-00181839-00182095 find that thing that inspires you always
A5GoB5MP9w4-00910-00182096-00182214 when you're going through this
A5GoB5MP9w4-00911-00182215-00182471 we have spaceship don't be afraid to
A5GoB5MP9w4-00912-00182472-00182638 sing so this is a second deck that had
A5GoB5MP9w4-00913-00182639-00182726 something about
A5GoB5MP9w4-00914-00182727-00182926 music so if you guys are artists we have
A5GoB5MP9w4-00915-00182927-00183063 a spaceship just
A5GoB5MP9w4-00916-00183064-00183390 imagine how much good music we don't
A5GoB5MP9w4-00917-00183391-00183607 know about because an artist was
A5GoB5MP9w4-00918-00183608-00183878 afraid to release it because of what
A5GoB5MP9w4-00919-00183879-00184078 other people would think or say
A5GoB5MP9w4-00920-00184079-00184295 just imagine how much content would be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00921-00184296-00184519 out there if people actually released
A5GoB5MP9w4-00922-00184520-00184566 what they
A5GoB5MP9w4-00923-00184567-00184838 recorded or actually posted what they
A5GoB5MP9w4-00924-00184839-00184966 took a picture of
A5GoB5MP9w4-00925-00184967-00185263 without fear so i am sensing deck number
A5GoB5MP9w4-00926-00185264-00185407 two that is very important
A5GoB5MP9w4-00927-00185408-00185726 your dreams are becoming real as
A5GoB5MP9w4-00928-00185727-00186063 you express yourself and i see that it
A5GoB5MP9w4-00929-00186064-00186183 says openly
A5GoB5MP9w4-00930-00186184-00186390 because others are around you i'm also
A5GoB5MP9w4-00931-00186391-00186535 feeling like some of you could be
A5GoB5MP9w4-00932-00186536-00186654 healers
A5GoB5MP9w4-00933-00186655-00186959 okay very connected to healing energy
A5GoB5MP9w4-00934-00186960-00187135 your purpose is definitely centered
A5GoB5MP9w4-00935-00187136-00187263 around joy
A5GoB5MP9w4-00936-00187264-00187502 so where joy is is where your heart and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00937-00187503-00187695 soul is going to want to follow so i am
A5GoB5MP9w4-00938-00187696-00187854 seeing that with your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00939-00187855-00188063 and then also the last thing i'm seeing
A5GoB5MP9w4-00940-00188064-00188254 is manifestation
A5GoB5MP9w4-00941-00188255-00188535 so you are here to manifest your
A5GoB5MP9w4-00942-00188536-00188695 thoughts so it's very important that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00943-00188696-00188735 you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-00944-00188736-00189038 thinking about what you want
A5GoB5MP9w4-00945-00189039-00189238 okay so that's very important that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00946-00189239-00189350 you're thinking about what you want
A5GoB5MP9w4-00947-00189351-00189463 because that's what you're creating
A5GoB5MP9w4-00948-00189464-00189614 that's what you're co-creating so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00949-00189615-00189814 this is a part of the spiritual
A5GoB5MP9w4-00950-00189815-00189966 awakening is known it's finding the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00951-00189967-00190063 truth with yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-00952-00190064-00190366 and seeing that okay whoa my reality is
A5GoB5MP9w4-00953-00190367-00190607 reflecting many things about me so i am
A5GoB5MP9w4-00954-00190608-00190783 seeing that when you have this awakening
A5GoB5MP9w4-00955-00190784-00190983 if you have not already
A5GoB5MP9w4-00956-00190984-00191166 you are going to see that it's like
A5GoB5MP9w4-00957-00191167-00191359 removing the veil from your eyes it's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00958-00191360-00191399 being
A5GoB5MP9w4-00959-00191400-00191702 enlightened to seeing the truth right in
A5GoB5MP9w4-00960-00191703-00191790 front of you
A5GoB5MP9w4-00961-00191791-00192031 and so when you're not aware you're not
A5GoB5MP9w4-00962-00192032-00192159 able to see
A5GoB5MP9w4-00963-00192160-00192359 the truth in front of you and so that's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00964-00192360-00192487 why it's really important that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00965-00192488-00192678 you're undergoing this spiritual journey
A5GoB5MP9w4-00966-00192679-00192999 of just being in tune
A5GoB5MP9w4-00967-00193000-00193247 with your instincts and your inner self
A5GoB5MP9w4-00968-00193248-00193431 and what you're thinking about
A5GoB5MP9w4-00969-00193432-00193599 you know just being aware because you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-00970-00193600-00193775 co-creating and so that's when the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00971-00193776-00193966 dreams are happening we have feather
A5GoB5MP9w4-00972-00193967-00194295 think before you judge
A5GoB5MP9w4-00973-00194296-00194550 okay so this is just really letting
A5GoB5MP9w4-00974-00194551-00194671 things flow and understanding that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00975-00194672-00194847 you're not doing this alone deck number
A5GoB5MP9w4-00976-00194848-00194983 two you are co-creating with the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00977-00194984-00195183 universe source god whichever you choose
A5GoB5MP9w4-00978-00195184-00195254 to believe
A5GoB5MP9w4-00979-00195255-00195543 you are co-creating okay so it's very
A5GoB5MP9w4-00980-00195544-00195775 important not to judge yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-00981-00195776-00196031 to make your dreams come true it's not
A5GoB5MP9w4-00982-00196032-00196207 your job to make your dreams come true
A5GoB5MP9w4-00983-00196208-00196535 your job is to be in alignment in living
A5GoB5MP9w4-00984-00196536-00196671 your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-00985-00196672-00196871 actively going towards them and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00986-00196872-00196975 following them
A5GoB5MP9w4-00987-00196976-00197150 and being in alignment with them and
A5GoB5MP9w4-00988-00197151-00197326 then being open to receiving that
A5GoB5MP9w4-00989-00197327-00197559 so i do sense that you are here for a
A5GoB5MP9w4-00990-00197560-00197687 much bigger
A5GoB5MP9w4-00991-00197688-00197854 purpose because you have the oracle's
A5GoB5MP9w4-00992-00197855-00198031 gift so let's see what that's about
A5GoB5MP9w4-00993-00198032-00198238 nine of pentacles i take the time i need
A5GoB5MP9w4-00994-00198239-00198526 to nurture myself
A5GoB5MP9w4-00995-00198527-00198823 so this is also about being present so
A5GoB5MP9w4-00996-00198824-00199007 that you can
A5GoB5MP9w4-00997-00199008-00199287 be aware of the celebrations and the
A5GoB5MP9w4-00998-00199288-00199414 dreams that are happening
A5GoB5MP9w4-00999-00199415-00199599 all around you because i am seeing that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01000-00199600-00199783 financially you're definitely here to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01001-00199784-00199887 abundant
A5GoB5MP9w4-01002-00199888-00200063 definitely we have abundance here we
A5GoB5MP9w4-01003-00200064-00200247 have nine of pinnacles
A5GoB5MP9w4-01004-00200248-00200423 you're definitely here to be abundant
A5GoB5MP9w4-01005-00200424-00200759 okay last card for deck two
A5GoB5MP9w4-01006-00200760-00200975 queen of swords i protect what matters
A5GoB5MP9w4-01007-00200976-00201071 to me so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01008-00201072-00201350 this is about what drives you what's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01009-00201351-00201471 important to you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01010-00201472-00201647 and then actively creating that and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01011-00201648-00201814 manifesting that so many of you could
A5GoB5MP9w4-01012-00201815-00201966 even be inventors
A5GoB5MP9w4-01013-00201967-00202231 designers visionaries people who really
A5GoB5MP9w4-01014-00202232-00202319 want to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01015-00202320-00202607 want to manifest bigger dreams so i i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01016-00202608-00202783 also seeing that the spiritual awakening
A5GoB5MP9w4-01017-00202784-00202959 is giving you a sense of discernment to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01018-00202960-00203135 choose the right people around you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01019-00203136-00203383 because you will need help manifesting
A5GoB5MP9w4-01020-00203384-00203454 these dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01021-00203455-00203663 because some of you have big big dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01022-00203664-00203911 and so what i'm seeing here is patience
A5GoB5MP9w4-01023-00203912-00204159 it a plant does not grow overnight we
A5GoB5MP9w4-01024-00204160-00204287 have a process
A5GoB5MP9w4-01025-00204288-00204566 you know she is baking the baby for a
A5GoB5MP9w4-01026-00204567-00204614 while
A5GoB5MP9w4-01027-00204615-00204886 here it's not overnight that these
A5GoB5MP9w4-01028-00204887-00204951 things happen
A5GoB5MP9w4-01029-00204952-00205103 so the dreams are happening and they're
A5GoB5MP9w4-01030-00205104-00205303 coming and so what spirit is saying is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01031-00205304-00205423 hold that message
A5GoB5MP9w4-01032-00205423-00205814 let's look at the next five years
A5GoB5MP9w4-01033-00205815-00206142 of when this will happen
A5GoB5MP9w4-01034-00206144-00206358 the devil in reverse so in the next five
A5GoB5MP9w4-01035-00206359-00206462 years i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01036-00206463-00206671 definitely sensing that you guys are
A5GoB5MP9w4-01037-00206671-00206838 freeing yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-01038-00206839-00207031 from whatever it is that could be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01039-00207032-00207190 preventing you from moving forward
A5GoB5MP9w4-01040-00207191-00207303 towards your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01041-00207304-00207455 and something that i'm seeing is just
A5GoB5MP9w4-01042-00207456-00207662 again where you're focusing
A5GoB5MP9w4-01043-00207663-00207871 your energy because where you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-01044-00207871-00208086 focusing it is what what's going to grow
A5GoB5MP9w4-01045-00208087-00208286 so if you're focusing it on your career
A5GoB5MP9w4-01046-00208287-00208414 that's going to grow if you're focused
A5GoB5MP9w4-01047-00208415-00208598 on this that's going to grow so that's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01048-00208600-00208751 something too is just being aware of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01049-00208752-00208838 where
A5GoB5MP9w4-01050-00208839-00208990 you're putting that focus because i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01051-00208991-00209142 seeing that things are definitely moving
A5GoB5MP9w4-01052-00209144-00209319 forward you're coming into abundance
A5GoB5MP9w4-01053-00209319-00209542 this is happening very quickly more
A5GoB5MP9w4-01054-00209544-00209734 about this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01055-00209735-00209903 four of wands yeah this is definitely
A5GoB5MP9w4-01056-00209904-00210094 happening i'm feeling like the next four
A5GoB5MP9w4-01057-00210096-00210271 to five years is there's gonna be a
A5GoB5MP9w4-01058-00210271-00210415 major shift
A5GoB5MP9w4-01059-00210416-00210663 of being able to live your dreams much
A5GoB5MP9w4-01060-00210664-00210751 longer
A5GoB5MP9w4-01061-00210752-00210934 and when i say that i mean you know
A5GoB5MP9w4-01062-00210935-00211191 living our dreams sometimes our dream
A5GoB5MP9w4-01063-00211192-00211510 is a birthday or holiday but spirit
A5GoB5MP9w4-01064-00211511-00211775 is really really sending out a message
A5GoB5MP9w4-01065-00211776-00211919 of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01066-00211919-00212119 embracing and celebrating your life
A5GoB5MP9w4-01067-00212119-00212375 every day and enjoying it every day
A5GoB5MP9w4-01068-00212376-00212558 and so i am sensing that for you deck
A5GoB5MP9w4-01069-00212559-00212742 number two so if you guys show step
A5GoB5MP9w4-01070-00212744-00212934 number two this is an overall message of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01071-00212935-00213110 when your dreams will become
A5GoB5MP9w4-01072-00213111-00213358 true so if you guys enjoyed that don't
A5GoB5MP9w4-01073-00213359-00213527 forget to comment down below like this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01074-00213528-00213598 video
A5GoB5MP9w4-01075-00213600-00213751 in the meantime i'm going to move on to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01076-00213752-00213927 deck number three all right if you guys
A5GoB5MP9w4-01077-00213928-00214023 want sec number three
A5GoB5MP9w4-01078-00214023-00214303 this is your reading and how and when
A5GoB5MP9w4-01079-00214304-00214767 will your dreams come true
A5GoB5MP9w4-01080-00214767-00215110 promise of the future friendship
A5GoB5MP9w4-01081-00215111-00215310 so deck number three i was definitely
A5GoB5MP9w4-01082-00215311-00215415 feeling like
A5GoB5MP9w4-01083-00215416-00215719 your soul tried soul mates
A5GoB5MP9w4-01084-00215719-00215967 or connecting with a community of people
A5GoB5MP9w4-01085-00215967-00216071 who are positive
A5GoB5MP9w4-01086-00216071-00216263 uplifting or a higher frequency is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01087-00216264-00216391 definitely part of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01088-00216392-00216623 a dream that you will fulfill in this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01089-00216623-00216703 lifetime
A5GoB5MP9w4-01090-00216704-00216958 now everything that is set forth from
A5GoB5MP9w4-01091-00216959-00217127 here on your guys's deck
A5GoB5MP9w4-01092-00217128-00217303 is really going to be under the promise
A5GoB5MP9w4-01093-00217304-00217439 of the future so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01094-00217440-00217623 this is everything that i'm feeling like
A5GoB5MP9w4-01095-00217623-00217823 is going to be in the future for you for
A5GoB5MP9w4-01096-00217823-00218015 your dreams and when they're becoming
A5GoB5MP9w4-01097-00218016-00218294 true step out of your comfort zone that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01098-00218296-00218446 this is practical
A5GoB5MP9w4-01099-00218448-00218663 advice from your higher self step out of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01100-00218664-00218798 your comfort zone
A5GoB5MP9w4-01101-00218800-00219127 and new romantic cycle begins so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01102-00219128-00219310 also you may have a life partner i don't
A5GoB5MP9w4-01103-00219311-00219494 really like to use the term twin flame
A5GoB5MP9w4-01104-00219496-00219631 soulmate and all that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01105-00219632-00219903 but you will have a beautiful connection
A5GoB5MP9w4-01106-00219904-00220103 i do see that will help you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01107-00220104-00220271 fill out your dreams now one interesting
A5GoB5MP9w4-01108-00220271-00220558 card here is have faith in your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01109-00220559-00220798 okay so this is definitely going to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01110-00220800-00220951 not just the dreams that you know that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01111-00220952-00221055 you can achieve
A5GoB5MP9w4-01112-00221056-00221223 but the ones that feel like they're out
A5GoB5MP9w4-01113-00221223-00221423 of reach as well is what i'm hearing for
A5GoB5MP9w4-01114-00221423-00221503 you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01115-00221504-00221903 deck number three fall into my arm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01116-00221904-00222198 surrender holding the opposite extremes
A5GoB5MP9w4-01117-00222200-00222303 of life
A5GoB5MP9w4-01118-00222304-00222646 breath of the cosmos my will
A5GoB5MP9w4-01119-00222648-00222942 to thy will micromanaging the universe
A5GoB5MP9w4-01120-00222944-00223063 so death three
A5GoB5MP9w4-01121-00223064-00223382 your dreams will happen quickly and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01122-00223383-00223606 efficiently in the next three years i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01123-00223607-00223782 hearing very clearly
A5GoB5MP9w4-01124-00223783-00224046 if you stop micromanaging the universe
A5GoB5MP9w4-01125-00224048-00224223 and trust and have faith
A5GoB5MP9w4-01126-00224223-00224575 that the universe is doing their job
A5GoB5MP9w4-01127-00224576-00224806 okay so that is definitely going to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01128-00224807-00224934 something that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01129-00224935-00225158 is between you and the universe god
A5GoB5MP9w4-01130-00225159-00225351 source whichever you choose to use
A5GoB5MP9w4-01131-00225352-00225542 because the faith in your dreams is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01132-00225544-00225687 definitely coming from
A5GoB5MP9w4-01133-00225688-00225919 faith in the universe and understanding
A5GoB5MP9w4-01134-00225919-00226087 that you're not doing this alone you are
A5GoB5MP9w4-01135-00226088-00226271 co-creating together
A5GoB5MP9w4-01136-00226271-00226575 your purpose is centered around creation
A5GoB5MP9w4-01137-00226576-00226719 in fact is what i'm hearing
A5GoB5MP9w4-01138-00226719-00227031 so your dream is to create and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01139-00227032-00227334 one levels what i'm seeing is a
A5GoB5MP9w4-01140-00227335-00227582 creating a level of euphoria here on
A5GoB5MP9w4-01141-00227583-00227758 earth in this lifetime you are here to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01142-00227759-00227903 create that for yourself and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01143-00227904-00228167 what you're after is a sense of euphoria
A5GoB5MP9w4-01144-00228167-00228342 and i also feel like your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01145-00228344-00228542 are true when you're around your soul
A5GoB5MP9w4-01146-00228544-00228694 family when you're around the people
A5GoB5MP9w4-01147-00228696-00228903 that you care about the most and so i am
A5GoB5MP9w4-01148-00228904-00229151 seeing micromanaging the universe
A5GoB5MP9w4-01149-00229152-00229342 step out of the way let the universe do
A5GoB5MP9w4-01150-00229344-00229527 its job this is having more trust and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01151-00229528-00229591 faith
A5GoB5MP9w4-01152-00229592-00229887 in in the universe so depth three we
A5GoB5MP9w4-01153-00229888-00230046 have three of pentacles yeah
A5GoB5MP9w4-01154-00230048-00230246 so some of you have dreams that you may
A5GoB5MP9w4-01155-00230248-00230406 have to employ
A5GoB5MP9w4-01156-00230407-00230655 other people so some of you have dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01157-00230656-00230894 big dreams i call them stadium dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01158-00230896-00231175 but you are only one source of light in
A5GoB5MP9w4-01159-00231176-00231198 that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01160-00231200-00231503 stadium and so you have these big ideas
A5GoB5MP9w4-01161-00231504-00231687 but your source of light
A5GoB5MP9w4-01162-00231688-00231942 is not enough to spark the entire
A5GoB5MP9w4-01163-00231944-00232094 stadium and so some of you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01164-00232096-00232334 with these big beliefs that you have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01165-00232335-00232398 will
A5GoB5MP9w4-01166-00232400-00232591 have a community of others who bring
A5GoB5MP9w4-01167-00232592-00232719 forth that vision
A5GoB5MP9w4-01168-00232719-00232982 with you together whatever that may be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01169-00232983-00233231 and then also in career so you will have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01170-00233232-00233423 money trees here you do have a team
A5GoB5MP9w4-01171-00233423-00233655 that's helping you so i am sensing that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01172-00233656-00233855 following your intuition is going to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01173-00233856-00233998 lead you to more help
A5GoB5MP9w4-01174-00234000-00234151 so that your dreams can become true
A5GoB5MP9w4-01175-00234152-00234303 because they're coming becoming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-01176-00234304-00234382 every day
A5GoB5MP9w4-01177-00234383-00234567 i'm just sensing that there are bigger
A5GoB5MP9w4-01178-00234567-00234751 dreams that you want to obtain
A5GoB5MP9w4-01179-00234752-00234975 and that level i'm seeing it's through
A5GoB5MP9w4-01180-00234976-00235103 people
A5GoB5MP9w4-01181-00235104-00235391 okay so people are a big part of of the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01182-00235392-00235534 dream of making it happen we have the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01183-00235535-00235758 magician so yeah you will manifest
A5GoB5MP9w4-01184-00235759-00235958 your financial desires is what i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01185-00235959-00236127 seeing too very quickly
A5GoB5MP9w4-01186-00236128-00236303 so all of these are promises of the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01187-00236304-00236527 future okay is the magician let's see
A5GoB5MP9w4-01188-00236528-00236703 what the magician is here for
A5GoB5MP9w4-01189-00236704-00236958 thank you the moon let's see what's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01190-00236959-00237119 pisces energy we don't have to be a
A5GoB5MP9w4-01191-00237119-00237294 pisces what is the moon here for
A5GoB5MP9w4-01192-00237296-00237551 for their finances and manifesting
A5GoB5MP9w4-01193-00237552-00237767 creation so this is learning i'm sensing
A5GoB5MP9w4-01194-00237767-00237942 that this is learning more of who you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01195-00237944-00237998 are
A5GoB5MP9w4-01196-00238000-00238158 let's see why the seven of swords is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01197-00238159-00238351 here and yeah
A5GoB5MP9w4-01198-00238352-00238575 moving forward from the things that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01199-00238576-00238742 happened in the past so definitely
A5GoB5MP9w4-01200-00238744-00238894 definitely depth three
A5GoB5MP9w4-01201-00238896-00239255 people okay your relationships are very
A5GoB5MP9w4-01202-00239256-00239398 important to your dreams coming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-01203-00239400-00239494 because some of you have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01204-00239496-00239782 visions and you have other people that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01205-00239783-00239942 are going to help you bring this vision
A5GoB5MP9w4-01206-00239944-00240071 to life
A5GoB5MP9w4-01207-00240071-00240310 you're not doing it on your own and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01208-00240311-00240551 trusting people and trusting
A5GoB5MP9w4-01209-00240552-00240791 in in general okay it's not really
A5GoB5MP9w4-01210-00240792-00240934 trusting people it's trusting
A5GoB5MP9w4-01211-00240935-00241167 people to have integrity to be honest
A5GoB5MP9w4-01212-00241167-00241263 with themselves
A5GoB5MP9w4-01213-00241264-00241463 that's the best way to say instead of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01214-00241464-00241639 feeling like you're trusting them you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-01215-00241640-00241775 putting all of your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01216-00241776-00241998 hope and faith into others because i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01217-00242000-00242127 seeing that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01218-00242128-00242327 spirit wants wants to take you to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01219-00242328-00242519 another level of help
A5GoB5MP9w4-01220-00242519-00242694 but stepping out of your comfort zone is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01221-00242696-00242815 definitely something that that's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01222-00242816-00242967 bringing you to this next level when
A5GoB5MP9w4-01223-00242967-00243119 your dreams are becoming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-01224-00243119-00243287 so the moon card is here and this could
A5GoB5MP9w4-01225-00243288-00243551 be these are subconscious things
A5GoB5MP9w4-01226-00243552-00243694 that may have happened in the past that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01227-00243696-00243903 made you feel like you were
A5GoB5MP9w4-01228-00243904-00244279 you know in in inflicting or in bondage
A5GoB5MP9w4-01229-00244280-00244351 of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01230-00244352-00244510 things in the past you know some of you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01231-00244511-00244655 may be worried about
A5GoB5MP9w4-01232-00244656-00244894 having to work for another person having
A5GoB5MP9w4-01233-00244896-00245055 to go back
A5GoB5MP9w4-01234-00245056-00245279 it's all in general for for you if you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01235-00245280-00245471 chose this it's just that fear of having
A5GoB5MP9w4-01236-00245471-00245582 to go through
A5GoB5MP9w4-01237-00245583-00245758 whatever that was again to obtain your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01238-00245759-00245910 dreams but you're on a different level
A5GoB5MP9w4-01239-00245911-00245967 now
A5GoB5MP9w4-01240-00245967-00246110 and so that's something that i'm seeing
A5GoB5MP9w4-01241-00246111-00246439 too financially we have the nine of cups
A5GoB5MP9w4-01242-00246440-00246598 okay let's see why the nine of cups is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01243-00246600-00246782 here we have the nine of swords
A5GoB5MP9w4-01244-00246783-00247191 so this is also taking more time to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01245-00247192-00247471 connect with your desires and your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01246-00247471-00247663 emotions of what brings you happiness
A5GoB5MP9w4-01247-00247664-00247791 and fulfillment
A5GoB5MP9w4-01248-00247792-00247975 instead of just acting on it so this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01249-00247976-00248215 would be taking the time to make a plan
A5GoB5MP9w4-01250-00248216-00248406 before acting on something making sure
A5GoB5MP9w4-01251-00248407-00248582 that your heart is in this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01252-00248583-00248734 we have the three of swords here so i
A5GoB5MP9w4-01253-00248735-00248919 definitely have a lot of sword energy a
A5GoB5MP9w4-01254-00248919-00249071 lot of being in your head about your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01255-00249071-00249134 dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01256-00249135-00249415 so let's see why this is here okay six
A5GoB5MP9w4-01257-00249416-00249598 of swords okay yeah so it's definitely
A5GoB5MP9w4-01258-00249600-00249767 going to be moving forward
A5GoB5MP9w4-01259-00249767-00249982 from things that didn't manifest in the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01260-00249983-00250079 in the past right
A5GoB5MP9w4-01261-00250080-00250287 so some of you may have been discouraged
A5GoB5MP9w4-01262-00250288-00250494 around your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01263-00250496-00250767 and so now there is this fear that it
A5GoB5MP9w4-01264-00250767-00250887 may happen again
A5GoB5MP9w4-01265-00250888-00251039 and so you must have faith in your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01266-00251040-00251287 dreams earth pulsing slow down
A5GoB5MP9w4-01267-00251288-00251519 yeah so don't move too quickly some of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01268-00251519-00251663 you will have exciting
A5GoB5MP9w4-01269-00251664-00251815 ideas that come in don't move too
A5GoB5MP9w4-01270-00251816-00252023 quickly make a hastily is what i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01271-00252023-00252287 hearing but make a plan to just slow
A5GoB5MP9w4-01272-00252288-00252439 down and have clarity
A5GoB5MP9w4-01273-00252440-00252751 before moving i also see time in nature
A5GoB5MP9w4-01274-00252752-00252998 is here okay so time in nature is very
A5GoB5MP9w4-01275-00253000-00253142 important that is more so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01276-00253144-00253527 taking a pause out of the matrix okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-01277-00253528-00253767 always tuning in with your spirit always
A5GoB5MP9w4-01278-00253767-00253927 tuning in with your soul
A5GoB5MP9w4-01279-00253928-00254142 all right so we have serious energy
A5GoB5MP9w4-01280-00254144-00254342 bringing harmony and balance
A5GoB5MP9w4-01281-00254344-00254646 messenger okay so the messenger card is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01282-00254648-00254710 here
A5GoB5MP9w4-01283-00254711-00255046 and i also feel like you are surrounded
A5GoB5MP9w4-01284-00255048-00255142 by
A5GoB5MP9w4-01285-00255144-00255310 guides that are helping you and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01286-00255311-00255534 assisting you if you guys chose this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01287-00255535-00255591 deck
A5GoB5MP9w4-01288-00255592-00255798 we have wise leadership so yeah you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-01289-00255800-00256046 definitely here to be a leader
A5GoB5MP9w4-01290-00256048-00256367 and you're here to lead others so with
A5GoB5MP9w4-01291-00256367-00256519 the leader card
A5GoB5MP9w4-01292-00256519-00256910 you will go through many things
A5GoB5MP9w4-01293-00256911-00257167 in your life before many others do you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01294-00257167-00257279 will be a pioneer
A5GoB5MP9w4-01295-00257280-00257558 you will create your own path and that's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01296-00257559-00257639 what a leader
A5GoB5MP9w4-01297-00257640-00257871 is going to do and so you're positioning
A5GoB5MP9w4-01298-00257871-00258023 yourself to become a leader
A5GoB5MP9w4-01299-00258023-00258279 to lead others and also believing in
A5GoB5MP9w4-01300-00258280-00258527 yourself to do that so we have devotion
A5GoB5MP9w4-01301-00258528-00258727 is is something that your dreams are
A5GoB5MP9w4-01302-00258728-00258839 going to come true and you know that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01303-00258840-00258982 your dreams are becoming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-01304-00258983-00259127 when you are connected to the cosmic
A5GoB5MP9w4-01305-00259128-00259382 gateway so those of you who
A5GoB5MP9w4-01306-00259383-00259710 uh understand the zone or being in that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01307-00259711-00259830 creative zone
A5GoB5MP9w4-01308-00259831-00260110 and being in that creative field right
A5GoB5MP9w4-01309-00260111-00260255 there is a movie that i just watched
A5GoB5MP9w4-01310-00260256-00260342 called soul
A5GoB5MP9w4-01311-00260344-00260623 of really good animation about this but
A5GoB5MP9w4-01312-00260623-00260830 there is just something more that you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-01313-00260831-00260910 here to do
A5GoB5MP9w4-01314-00260911-00261198 okay and this is not just paying bills
A5GoB5MP9w4-01315-00261200-00261398 doing the same nine to five thing that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01316-00261400-00261510 many others are doing
A5GoB5MP9w4-01317-00261511-00261791 i'm seeing that you are here and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01318-00261792-00261910 connected to do
A5GoB5MP9w4-01319-00261911-00262230 things that will take much more bravery
A5GoB5MP9w4-01320-00262231-00262415 leadership and courage to do
A5GoB5MP9w4-01321-00262416-00262655 and so you will your thoughts are
A5GoB5MP9w4-01322-00262656-00262847 magnetic and powerful miraculous changes
A5GoB5MP9w4-01323-00262848-00262927 are occurring
A5GoB5MP9w4-01324-00262928-00263175 so it starts in your mind i'm seeing for
A5GoB5MP9w4-01325-00263176-00263382 you that three to making that change of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01326-00263383-00263599 believing that this could happen and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01327-00263600-00263887 knowing that this is already happening
A5GoB5MP9w4-01328-00263888-00264127 and not missing it when it is happened
A5GoB5MP9w4-01329-00264128-00264223 when it's happened
A5GoB5MP9w4-01330-00264224-00264430 opening to discovery so yeah there's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01331-00264431-00264663 much much more to discover here
A5GoB5MP9w4-01332-00264664-00264991 so your dreams are starting
A5GoB5MP9w4-01333-00264992-00265399 when you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01334-00265400-00265775 are in a creative field when you're in a
A5GoB5MP9w4-01335-00265776-00266079 place to manifest and bring things to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01336-00266080-00266134 life
A5GoB5MP9w4-01337-00266135-00266303 so i'm seeing that something that there
A5GoB5MP9w4-01338-00266304-00266503 is a connection to your dreams because
A5GoB5MP9w4-01339-00266504-00266630 remember your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01340-00266631-00266847 are the dna to your soul and so they
A5GoB5MP9w4-01341-00266848-00267079 give you answers about who you truly are
A5GoB5MP9w4-01342-00267080-00267295 and so i'm seeing that there is this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01343-00267296-00267482 place of creativeness that you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01344-00267483-00267719 explore um and it seems to it could be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01345-00267720-00267895 imagination but it's definitely from the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01346-00267896-00267958 soul
A5GoB5MP9w4-01347-00267959-00268167 i'm also sensing that you are here to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01348-00268168-00268375 free so your dreams are to live in
A5GoB5MP9w4-01349-00268376-00268439 freedom
A5GoB5MP9w4-01350-00268440-00268591 so that would mean being able to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01351-00268592-00268775 manifest what it is that you want
A5GoB5MP9w4-01352-00268776-00268991 to manifest being able to seek out the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01353-00268992-00269095 soul family
A5GoB5MP9w4-01354-00269096-00269295 having people around you that love you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01355-00269296-00269487 care for you and vice versa
A5GoB5MP9w4-01356-00269488-00269639 and the next thing i'm seeing for you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01357-00269640-00269847 deck three is discovery
A5GoB5MP9w4-01358-00269848-00270143 okay you are here to discover it is part
A5GoB5MP9w4-01359-00270144-00270279 of the dream for you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01360-00270280-00270567 to discover to travel to explore in fact
A5GoB5MP9w4-01361-00270568-00270655 discovering
A5GoB5MP9w4-01362-00270656-00270919 new things and discovering anything we
A5GoB5MP9w4-01363-00270920-00271247 have here with opening to discovery
A5GoB5MP9w4-01364-00271248-00271463 but discovering anything that matt for
A5GoB5MP9w4-01365-00271464-00271551 that matter
A5GoB5MP9w4-01366-00271552-00271743 is going to be a part of the excitement
A5GoB5MP9w4-01367-00271744-00271871 that you're here to do so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01368-00271872-00272103 when you discover it excites you so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01369-00272104-00272199 seeing new things
A5GoB5MP9w4-01370-00272200-00272430 being a part of uh new explorations
A5GoB5MP9w4-01371-00272431-00272503 adventure
A5GoB5MP9w4-01372-00272504-00272734 all of this is going to be a part of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01373-00272735-00272919 what it is that you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01374-00272920-00273055 are learning about yourself so you're
A5GoB5MP9w4-01375-00273056-00273158 learning more about yourself through
A5GoB5MP9w4-01376-00273159-00273319 this but also what you're here to do
A5GoB5MP9w4-01377-00273320-00273479 so your dreams are centered around
A5GoB5MP9w4-01378-00273480-00273695 discovery and exploration
A5GoB5MP9w4-01379-00273696-00273951 when you learn and you have this urge to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01380-00273952-00274071 see more
A5GoB5MP9w4-01381-00274072-00274358 and want to explore more that is coming
A5GoB5MP9w4-01382-00274359-00274415 from your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01383-00274416-00274639 your soul your true self and that is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01384-00274640-00274791 your dream and that is something that i
A5GoB5MP9w4-01385-00274792-00274910 do see you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01386-00274911-00275095 achieving here right now what the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01387-00275096-00275287 blockages are
A5GoB5MP9w4-01388-00275288-00275727 right now
A5GoB5MP9w4-01389-00275728-00275839 let's see right now what are the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01390-00275840-00276071 blockages so right now i feel like the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01391-00276072-00276303 biggest thing is the peace
A5GoB5MP9w4-01392-00276304-00276575 it's like there needs to be an
A5GoB5MP9w4-01393-00276576-00276934 environment of peace around you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01394-00276935-00277206 you know knowing when peace is important
A5GoB5MP9w4-01395-00277207-00277310 because this is where you're going to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01396-00277311-00277471 able to have the clarity
A5GoB5MP9w4-01397-00277472-00277687 um to guide you so what is blocking the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01398-00277688-00277871 dreams or preventing the dreams what's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01399-00277872-00278087 in the way of the dream
A5GoB5MP9w4-01400-00278088-00278351 receptivity it's in the way of the dream
A5GoB5MP9w4-01401-00278352-00278551 so that's being open to source being
A5GoB5MP9w4-01402-00278552-00278727 open to help
A5GoB5MP9w4-01403-00278728-00279063 going with the flow yeah trusting okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-01404-00279064-00279406 and so that word trust it's so important
A5GoB5MP9w4-01405-00279407-00279663 because that word trust is a part of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01406-00279664-00279758 truth
A5GoB5MP9w4-01407-00279759-00280006 and truth is source so for you deck
A5GoB5MP9w4-01408-00280007-00280199 three we have going with the flow
A5GoB5MP9w4-01409-00280200-00280415 is being open to the universe's guidance
A5GoB5MP9w4-01410-00280416-00280519 and health
A5GoB5MP9w4-01411-00280520-00280710 intuitively allowing your intuition to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01412-00280711-00280855 guide you and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01413-00280856-00281047 we also have a lot of emotional things
A5GoB5MP9w4-01414-00281048-00281158 that have occurred
A5GoB5MP9w4-01415-00281159-00281375 that maybe have influence on your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01416-00281376-00281591 judgment maybe you feel like judging
A5GoB5MP9w4-01417-00281592-00281687 your own truth
A5GoB5MP9w4-01418-00281688-00281855 around people who are close to you how
A5GoB5MP9w4-01419-00281856-00282030 to how to know
A5GoB5MP9w4-01420-00282031-00282167 when they're the right people how to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01421-00282168-00282358 know this and spirit is saying that you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01422-00282359-00282558 do have a gift of discernment to trust
A5GoB5MP9w4-01423-00282559-00282606 that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01424-00282607-00282758 it's only when you start getting in your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01425-00282759-00283006 head you start listening to the opinions
A5GoB5MP9w4-01426-00283007-00283279 of others you start doubting yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-01427-00283280-00283406 these are all examples that they're
A5GoB5MP9w4-01428-00283407-00283503 giving me
A5GoB5MP9w4-01429-00283504-00283799 um to be able to judge to be able to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01430-00283800-00283951 make a decision to be able to trust
A5GoB5MP9w4-01431-00283952-00284023 yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-01432-00284024-00284310 okay so let's just see moment to moment
A5GoB5MP9w4-01433-00284311-00284495 allowing this to happen and then we also
A5GoB5MP9w4-01434-00284496-00284654 have the fool at the bottom of the card
A5GoB5MP9w4-01435-00284655-00284839 not being afraid to take that leap of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01436-00284840-00284910 faith
A5GoB5MP9w4-01437-00284911-00285223 okay due to fear so many of you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01438-00285224-00285487 do have dreams and and we do i do see
A5GoB5MP9w4-01439-00285488-00285647 that this is going to occur
A5GoB5MP9w4-01440-00285648-00285839 when you take that leap of faith and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01441-00285840-00286167 then also when will this occur
A5GoB5MP9w4-01442-00286168-00286534 trajectory seven of swords i take
A5GoB5MP9w4-01443-00286535-00286758 great care of what i value when you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01444-00286759-00287030 start to take care of what you value
A5GoB5MP9w4-01445-00287031-00287215 we have aries energy here you don't have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01446-00287216-00287430 to be an aries emperor i make empowered
A5GoB5MP9w4-01447-00287431-00287599 decisions when you start
A5GoB5MP9w4-01448-00287600-00287782 seeing that you actually do have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01449-00287783-00288079 authority over materializing your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01450-00288080-00288399 okay so i am sensing that there is um
A5GoB5MP9w4-01451-00288400-00288751 a sense of needing to be more trusting
A5GoB5MP9w4-01452-00288752-00288999 in your ability and the universe's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01453-00289000-00289071 ability
A5GoB5MP9w4-01454-00289072-00289254 to get you to where you need to get to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01455-00289255-00289487 so i make empowered decisions so this is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01456-00289488-00289639 not waiting for it to kind of happen
A5GoB5MP9w4-01457-00289640-00289767 like okay i'm gonna sit and i'm gonna
A5GoB5MP9w4-01458-00289768-00289895 wait for my dreams to happen
A5GoB5MP9w4-01459-00289896-00290103 but taking action that's what a leader
A5GoB5MP9w4-01460-00290104-00290295 would do and the emperor's here and then
A5GoB5MP9w4-01461-00290296-00290463 we also have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01462-00290464-00290630 the magician so i wanted to pick up the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01463-00290631-00290758 magician because this would be the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01464-00290759-00290871 second time it's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01465-00290872-00291182 it's poked up here and what i'm hearing
A5GoB5MP9w4-01466-00291183-00291287 so clearly is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01467-00291288-00291495 the next step for you in your dreams is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01468-00291496-00291671 to take the leap
A5GoB5MP9w4-01469-00291672-00292015 okay take that leap and when you take
A5GoB5MP9w4-01470-00292016-00292071 that leap
A5GoB5MP9w4-01471-00292072-00292239 that's when you will start to see things
A5GoB5MP9w4-01472-00292240-00292463 materialize because the magician comes
A5GoB5MP9w4-01473-00292464-00292687 after the fool the fool was in reverse
A5GoB5MP9w4-01474-00292688-00292879 okay this is a leap of faith that's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01475-00292880-00293006 needed to be taken here
A5GoB5MP9w4-01476-00293007-00293247 and so we have i manifest perfectly what
A5GoB5MP9w4-01477-00293248-00293399 i desire
A5GoB5MP9w4-01478-00293400-00293615 so focusing on what you desire we have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01479-00293616-00293839 devotion here so look at all these clues
A5GoB5MP9w4-01480-00293840-00293999 that the universe is giving us here for
A5GoB5MP9w4-01481-00294000-00294247 this message for your dreams okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-01482-00294248-00294630 it's devotion it's what are you spending
A5GoB5MP9w4-01483-00294631-00295047 your energy caring about declaring
A5GoB5MP9w4-01484-00295048-00295263 man because devotion is not just what
A5GoB5MP9w4-01485-00295264-00295447 you love you know i love this on the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01486-00295448-00295495 back
A5GoB5MP9w4-01487-00295496-00295806 what are where is your energy devoted
A5GoB5MP9w4-01488-00295807-00296030 and making sure that it's it's devoted
A5GoB5MP9w4-01489-00296031-00296110 towards
A5GoB5MP9w4-01490-00296111-00296319 where what you're desiring the most so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01491-00296320-00296487 if you're constantly thinking about what
A5GoB5MP9w4-01492-00296488-00296639 you don't want to happen
A5GoB5MP9w4-01493-00296640-00297006 that is a desire it's not a good desire
A5GoB5MP9w4-01494-00297007-00297215 but we have alchemy that's why we have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01495-00297216-00297334 extremes of life
A5GoB5MP9w4-01496-00297335-00297591 you have the gift of manifesting of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01497-00297592-00297687 creating
A5GoB5MP9w4-01498-00297688-00297967 but that could be good or bad so i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01499-00297968-00298095 definitely sensing that this is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01500-00298096-00298247 something that you're learning here
A5GoB5MP9w4-01501-00298248-00298391 for your dreams to happen and so i
A5GoB5MP9w4-01502-00298392-00298519 definitely feel like the next three to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01503-00298520-00298615 five years
A5GoB5MP9w4-01504-00298616-00298839 huge pivotal for your dreams coming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-01505-00298840-00298991 being aware of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01506-00298992-00299182 when you're in that circuit okay because
A5GoB5MP9w4-01507-00299183-00299415 it's not when is the dream gonna become
A5GoB5MP9w4-01508-00299416-00299623 true or real we are living the dream
A5GoB5MP9w4-01509-00299624-00299743 every day
A5GoB5MP9w4-01510-00299744-00299999 but what are we making of the dream okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-01511-00300000-00300215 what are we making of this life
A5GoB5MP9w4-01512-00300216-00300391 and that's where we determine okay i
A5GoB5MP9w4-01513-00300392-00300623 want to live my dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01514-00300624-00300943 okay i want to live what i feel
A5GoB5MP9w4-01515-00300944-00301119 best and good about that's your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01516-00301120-00301327 and so getting connected and seeing that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01517-00301328-00301479 and i'm definitely feeling like
A5GoB5MP9w4-01518-00301480-00301615 going with the flow and allowing the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01519-00301616-00302143 universe to guide you is important
A5GoB5MP9w4-01520-00302144-00302343 all right last message for what deck 3
A5GoB5MP9w4-01521-00302344-00302567 needs to do
A5GoB5MP9w4-01522-00302568-00302767 so their dreams become real how are
A5GoB5MP9w4-01523-00302768-00303151 their dreams becoming real
A5GoB5MP9w4-01524-00303152-00303534 and when treat your body like the palace
A5GoB5MP9w4-01525-00303535-00303791 it is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01526-00303792-00304110 paint the sun back into your sky
A5GoB5MP9w4-01527-00304111-00304463 okay so we have paint
A5GoB5MP9w4-01528-00304464-00304703 the sun back into your sky so that is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01529-00304704-00304903 finding your happiness right being able
A5GoB5MP9w4-01530-00304904-00305054 to do that for yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-01531-00305055-00305223 this is your happiness only being
A5GoB5MP9w4-01532-00305224-00305415 contingent on yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-01533-00305416-00305630 standing up for yourself so that is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01534-00305631-00305823 definitely going to be detaching from
A5GoB5MP9w4-01535-00305824-00306039 from relationships that are not or have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01536-00306040-00306215 been bringing you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01537-00306216-00306415 that drive that inspiration that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01538-00306416-00306615 motivation to want to move forward
A5GoB5MP9w4-01539-00306616-00306703 towards your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01540-00306704-00306871 you will know it's your true soul family
A5GoB5MP9w4-01541-00306872-00307095 when they want to inspire you or they
A5GoB5MP9w4-01542-00307096-00307263 want to motivate you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01543-00307264-00307519 to going towards your dreams all right
A5GoB5MP9w4-01544-00307520-00307606 so yes
A5GoB5MP9w4-01545-00307607-00307767 stand up for yourself is here and then
A5GoB5MP9w4-01546-00307768-00308015 last but not least we have let them go
A5GoB5MP9w4-01547-00308016-00308223 okay and then we'll talk about treating
A5GoB5MP9w4-01548-00308224-00308391 your body like the palace it is health
A5GoB5MP9w4-01549-00308392-00308495 is very important
A5GoB5MP9w4-01550-00308496-00308839 deck three health is certainly wealth
A5GoB5MP9w4-01551-00308840-00309015 taking care of yourself is something
A5GoB5MP9w4-01552-00309016-00309167 that's very important that i'm seeing
A5GoB5MP9w4-01553-00309168-00309223 here
A5GoB5MP9w4-01554-00309224-00309430 investing in yourself because you'll
A5GoB5MP9w4-01555-00309431-00309558 never regret it that's something i've
A5GoB5MP9w4-01556-00309559-00309606 been talking
A5GoB5MP9w4-01557-00309607-00309815 about but we talked about letting them
A5GoB5MP9w4-01558-00309816-00309958 go okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-01559-00309959-00310167 letting them go letting what happened go
A5GoB5MP9w4-01560-00310168-00310399 and being able to start fresh
A5GoB5MP9w4-01561-00310400-00310663 we have 11 so 1-1 this would be a new
A5GoB5MP9w4-01562-00310664-00310727 pathway
A5GoB5MP9w4-01563-00310728-00310967 a new leak that you're turning and i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01564-00310968-00311110 definitely seeing that something is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01565-00311111-00311279 happening in the next three
A5GoB5MP9w4-01566-00311280-00311558 to five years that is bringing you much
A5GoB5MP9w4-01567-00311559-00311630 more
A5GoB5MP9w4-01568-00311631-00311863 happiness something that is bringing you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01569-00311864-00311958 harmony
A5GoB5MP9w4-01570-00311959-00312127 and you're certainly living your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01571-00312128-00312319 because you're able to manifest what
A5GoB5MP9w4-01572-00312320-00312399 you're desiring
A5GoB5MP9w4-01573-00312400-00312719 and it's really about being aware of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01574-00312720-00312967 you doing that that's the dream and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01575-00312968-00313039 when you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01576-00313040-00313295 tune into that you see that you also see
A5GoB5MP9w4-01577-00313296-00313503 and imagine the promises of the future
A5GoB5MP9w4-01578-00313504-00313606 and that is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01579-00313607-00313887 again the dreams the dna to your soul so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01580-00313888-00314023 if you guys show deck number three
A5GoB5MP9w4-01581-00314024-00314206 don't forget to comment down below so i
A5GoB5MP9w4-01582-00314207-00314391 can get some words of feedback to you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01583-00314392-00314463 guys
A5GoB5MP9w4-01584-00314464-00314639 again this is about becoming the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01585-00314640-00314839 magician
A5GoB5MP9w4-01586-00314840-00315047 okay the magician is just not about
A5GoB5MP9w4-01587-00315048-00315230 manifesting the magician
A5GoB5MP9w4-01588-00315231-00315495 is about being able to bring a thought
A5GoB5MP9w4-01589-00315496-00315606 or an idea
A5GoB5MP9w4-01590-00315607-00315927 to life so that is the dream here it's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01591-00315928-00316095 your ability to be able to do that and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01592-00316096-00316223 experience that here on earth
A5GoB5MP9w4-01593-00316224-00316343 if you guys show deaf number three
A5GoB5MP9w4-01594-00316344-00316527 hashtag down below
A5GoB5MP9w4-01595-00316528-00316806 i am the magician and yes it's a long
A5GoB5MP9w4-01596-00316807-00316975 one but it's very important that you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01597-00316976-00317063 affirm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01598-00317064-00317271 that you are the magician because the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01599-00317272-00317503 magician is the one who holds the wand
A5GoB5MP9w4-01600-00317504-00317734 in the wand of creation and i do see
A5GoB5MP9w4-01601-00317735-00317910 that this is part of living your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01602-00317911-00318087 so if you guys chose death number three
A5GoB5MP9w4-01603-00318088-00318263 keep having faith in your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01604-00318264-00318447 in the meantime then move on to deck
A5GoB5MP9w4-01605-00318448-00318599 number four all right if you guys have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01606-00318600-00318719 step number four this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01607-00318720-00318927 is your reading and how and when will
A5GoB5MP9w4-01608-00318928-00319039 your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01609-00319040-00319471 become real
A5GoB5MP9w4-01610-00319472-00319927 generosity you're not for everyone
A5GoB5MP9w4-01611-00319928-00320127 embrace your weirdness
A5GoB5MP9w4-01612-00320128-00320510 and possibility raise your standards
A5GoB5MP9w4-01613-00320511-00320830 elevate your expectations and you have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01614-00320831-00320934 unlimited
A5GoB5MP9w4-01615-00320935-00321206 potential so wow deck number four right
A5GoB5MP9w4-01616-00321207-00321287 off the bat
A5GoB5MP9w4-01617-00321288-00321591 spirit is really coming strong i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01618-00321592-00321782 seeing here with embrace your weirdness
A5GoB5MP9w4-01619-00321783-00322110 telling you to raise your standards also
A5GoB5MP9w4-01620-00322111-00322310 allowing you to elevate your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01621-00322311-00322527 expectations by allowing things
A5GoB5MP9w4-01622-00322528-00322887 to flow so i am sensing that a part of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01623-00322888-00322991 your journey here
A5GoB5MP9w4-01624-00322992-00323158 and your dream here is to be able to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01625-00323159-00323351 give to others or care for others
A5GoB5MP9w4-01626-00323352-00323534 some of you could be parents i really
A5GoB5MP9w4-01627-00323535-00323679 feel like family
A5GoB5MP9w4-01628-00323680-00323871 is important to your dreams that's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01629-00323872-00324015 something i was sensing
A5GoB5MP9w4-01630-00324016-00324223 weight of the world boundaries let it go
A5GoB5MP9w4-01631-00324224-00324399 it's not yours to carry
A5GoB5MP9w4-01632-00324400-00324623 and so this really comes from a sense of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01633-00324624-00324782 freedom deck number four is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01634-00324783-00324982 having this ability to be able to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01635-00324983-00325103 yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-01636-00325104-00325367 i'm sensing and not having to carry
A5GoB5MP9w4-01637-00325368-00325471 others
A5GoB5MP9w4-01638-00325472-00325710 we also have bigger picture thinking
A5GoB5MP9w4-01639-00325711-00325967 inspired ideas and visionary
A5GoB5MP9w4-01640-00325968-00326175 and the biggest thing that i want to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01641-00326176-00326367 talk to you guys about today
A5GoB5MP9w4-01642-00326368-00326743 is your financial status when it comes
A5GoB5MP9w4-01643-00326744-00326791 to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01644-00326792-00327063 your spiritual journey so let's just see
A5GoB5MP9w4-01645-00327064-00327143 all right and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01646-00327144-00327454 financially i'm also feeling like there
A5GoB5MP9w4-01647-00327455-00327582 is a connection to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01648-00327583-00327815 you living your dreams and also having
A5GoB5MP9w4-01649-00327816-00327967 abundance in the process of that so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01650-00327968-00328071 let's get some
A5GoB5MP9w4-01651-00328072-00328254 information on this we definitely have a
A5GoB5MP9w4-01652-00328255-00328382 lot of emotions
A5GoB5MP9w4-01653-00328383-00328575 that are here we have a lot of cup cards
A5GoB5MP9w4-01654-00328576-00328758 all of them are emotions
A5GoB5MP9w4-01655-00328759-00329015 feelings okay so you could definitely be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01656-00329016-00329239 an impact giving back to others is also
A5GoB5MP9w4-01657-00329240-00329343 going to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01658-00329344-00329534 a key aspect to attracting more
A5GoB5MP9w4-01659-00329535-00329671 abundance in your life
A5GoB5MP9w4-01660-00329672-00329910 we also have taurus energy in reverse so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01661-00329911-00330143 this is the higher font
A5GoB5MP9w4-01662-00330144-00330358 we have five of pentacles that was the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01663-00330359-00330519 third time i seen that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01664-00330520-00330671 for you earlier while i was just
A5GoB5MP9w4-01665-00330672-00330887 preparing for your deck the five of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01666-00330888-00331047 pentacles the nine of swords being
A5GoB5MP9w4-01667-00331048-00331263 worried about stability finances
A5GoB5MP9w4-01668-00331264-00331423 but seeing things from a bigger picture
A5GoB5MP9w4-01669-00331424-00331791 so if you do have to start all over
A5GoB5MP9w4-01670-00331792-00331982 spirit is saying that if you do have to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01671-00331983-00332103 start all over
A5GoB5MP9w4-01672-00332104-00332415 start from a place of love
A5GoB5MP9w4-01673-00332416-00332663 what you love to do what you're inspired
A5GoB5MP9w4-01674-00332664-00332727 to do
A5GoB5MP9w4-01675-00332728-00333047 what brings you peace and joy what
A5GoB5MP9w4-01676-00333048-00333191 brings that peace and joy
A5GoB5MP9w4-01677-00333192-00333527 last thing we have the moon pisces
A5GoB5MP9w4-01678-00333528-00333630 energy
A5GoB5MP9w4-01679-00333631-00333910 and we also have the page of pentacles
A5GoB5MP9w4-01680-00333911-00334078 so i am definitely feeling like some of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01681-00334079-00334151 you could be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01682-00334152-00334463 parents or just also
A5GoB5MP9w4-01683-00334464-00334734 focus on a foundation so you don't have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01684-00334735-00334799 to be a parent
A5GoB5MP9w4-01685-00334800-00334967 you could just be focused on a
A5GoB5MP9w4-01686-00334968-00335134 foundation here let's see what else is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01687-00335135-00335295 connected to your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01688-00335296-00335615 forge don't follow pay a new path be the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01689-00335616-00335782 leader you wish you had
A5GoB5MP9w4-01690-00335783-00336015 so i definitely feel as though your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01691-00336016-00336230 dreams are coming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-01692-00336231-00336471 however it is very hard to see them
A5GoB5MP9w4-01693-00336472-00336630 sometimes when
A5GoB5MP9w4-01694-00336631-00336910 many things around you look so dark it
A5GoB5MP9w4-01695-00336911-00337015 seems like
A5GoB5MP9w4-01696-00337016-00337239 dark in the sense of not knowing the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01697-00337240-00337454 unknown and that's also what i'm hearing
A5GoB5MP9w4-01698-00337455-00337599 is to be able to embrace
A5GoB5MP9w4-01699-00337600-00337839 the unknown and also not to have that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01700-00337840-00337943 fear of lack
A5GoB5MP9w4-01701-00337944-00338127 there is a connection that you have with
A5GoB5MP9w4-01702-00338128-00338334 the universe communication
A5GoB5MP9w4-01703-00338335-00338606 yeah i am sensing that you do have a way
A5GoB5MP9w4-01704-00338607-00338727 and an ability
A5GoB5MP9w4-01705-00338728-00338934 to hear your heart's wishes let's just
A5GoB5MP9w4-01706-00338935-00339054 put it in that way
A5GoB5MP9w4-01707-00339055-00339223 hear your heart's wishes i see the nine
A5GoB5MP9w4-01708-00339224-00339406 of swords being up at night
A5GoB5MP9w4-01709-00339407-00339663 not really sure what the next step is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01710-00339664-00339815 let's see what that is about
A5GoB5MP9w4-01711-00339816-00339951 because i'm feeling like that's very
A5GoB5MP9w4-01712-00339952-00340334 heavy the next step in their dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01713-00340335-00340671 for deck four it's more so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01714-00340672-00340887 if we if spirit is saying if we can get
A5GoB5MP9w4-01715-00340888-00341110 you out of your head
A5GoB5MP9w4-01716-00341111-00341391 and on to following your heart your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01717-00341392-00341551 dreams will become
A5GoB5MP9w4-01718-00341552-00341823 much more clear to you i manifest
A5GoB5MP9w4-01719-00341824-00342015 multiple opportunities so the next step
A5GoB5MP9w4-01720-00342016-00342375 is to choose one thing at a time that's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01721-00342376-00342447 what i'm seeing
A5GoB5MP9w4-01722-00342448-00342719 for you to bring into life so you do
A5GoB5MP9w4-01723-00342720-00342871 have some inspired ideas that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01724-00342872-00343087 could be coming through on your path of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01725-00343088-00343239 discovering yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-01726-00343240-00343423 yeah we have infinite abundance so you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01727-00343424-00343615 definitely are here
A5GoB5MP9w4-01728-00343616-00343799 for the purpose of receiving more
A5GoB5MP9w4-01729-00343800-00344023 finances and so many of your struggles
A5GoB5MP9w4-01730-00344024-00344254 if they are finances or they are around
A5GoB5MP9w4-01731-00344255-00344487 value or worth these are just going to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01732-00344488-00344687 be obstacles that are being removed from
A5GoB5MP9w4-01733-00344688-00344815 spiritual support
A5GoB5MP9w4-01734-00344816-00345063 and connections that you have with with
A5GoB5MP9w4-01735-00345064-00345134 other people
A5GoB5MP9w4-01736-00345135-00345263 connections that you have with the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01737-00345264-00345487 universe i'm just sensing that the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01738-00345488-00345647 closer you're getting to your heart and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01739-00345648-00345751 your intuition
A5GoB5MP9w4-01740-00345752-00345910 is the sooner that your dreams are going
A5GoB5MP9w4-01741-00345911-00346230 to to manifest now practically
A5GoB5MP9w4-01742-00346231-00346375 you are good enough i knew it had
A5GoB5MP9w4-01743-00346376-00346599 something to do with value deserving
A5GoB5MP9w4-01744-00346600-00346903 um and so it's so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01745-00346904-00347103 important that you understand your worth
A5GoB5MP9w4-01746-00347104-00347295 and your value when you're trying to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01747-00347296-00347358 attract
A5GoB5MP9w4-01748-00347359-00347606 more money which essentially is more
A5GoB5MP9w4-01749-00347607-00347678 value
A5GoB5MP9w4-01750-00347679-00347903 okay so you must know that you're good
A5GoB5MP9w4-01751-00347904-00348087 enough we have virgo energy now on the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01752-00348088-00348230 board you don't have to be a virgo but
A5GoB5MP9w4-01753-00348231-00348358 virgo taurus
A5GoB5MP9w4-01754-00348359-00348678 pisces energy here okay so you don't
A5GoB5MP9w4-01755-00348679-00348863 have to be those but that is coming up
A5GoB5MP9w4-01756-00348864-00349015 you are good enough means that you are
A5GoB5MP9w4-01757-00349016-00349199 also good enough to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01758-00349200-00349382 believe in your dreams you are good
A5GoB5MP9w4-01759-00349383-00349519 enough to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01760-00349520-00349767 manifest your dreams you are good enough
A5GoB5MP9w4-01761-00349768-00349830 to have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01762-00349831-00350006 these dreams you are good enough for
A5GoB5MP9w4-01763-00350007-00350199 money you are good enough for love you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01764-00350200-00350278 are good enough
A5GoB5MP9w4-01765-00350279-00350543 for peace so it's not just oh yeah i'm
A5GoB5MP9w4-01766-00350544-00350623 good enough
A5GoB5MP9w4-01767-00350624-00350839 this is really diving deep into
A5GoB5MP9w4-01768-00350840-00350982 understanding that so let's see
A5GoB5MP9w4-01769-00350983-00351119 what could be preventing these dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01770-00351120-00351767 from coming forward sooner
A5GoB5MP9w4-01771-00351768-00351943 what's preventing the dreams from coming
A5GoB5MP9w4-01772-00351944-00352095 forward sooner for the person watching
A5GoB5MP9w4-01773-00352096-00352154 this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01774-00352155-00352173 [Applause]
A5GoB5MP9w4-01775-00352174-00352495 [Music]
A5GoB5MP9w4-01776-00352496-00352791 politics seven of swords so this is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01777-00352792-00352863 people
A5GoB5MP9w4-01778-00352864-00353263 things that have happened um
A5GoB5MP9w4-01779-00353264-00353471 that have maybe question uh how do you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01780-00353472-00353591 questioning this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01781-00353592-00353839 deserving this maturity here is in the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01782-00353840-00353927 reverse
A5GoB5MP9w4-01783-00353928-00354119 so finances learning more about your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01784-00354120-00354287 relationship with money i feel like many
A5GoB5MP9w4-01785-00354288-00354430 of you may have not been
A5GoB5MP9w4-01786-00354431-00354727 taught about certain things and so again
A5GoB5MP9w4-01787-00354728-00354927 there is this connection deck number
A5GoB5MP9w4-01788-00354928-00355030 four
A5GoB5MP9w4-01789-00355031-00355263 that you have this stream of abundance
A5GoB5MP9w4-01790-00355264-00355471 that is supposed to flow effortlessly to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01791-00355472-00355510 you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01792-00355511-00355775 okay and how this is happening this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01793-00355776-00355863 isn't just like
A5GoB5MP9w4-01794-00355864-00356095 okay tarot priests give me the manual on
A5GoB5MP9w4-01795-00356096-00356215 how this is going to happen
A5GoB5MP9w4-01796-00356216-00356471 we have beyond illusion here this is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01797-00356472-00356663 this is an awareness
A5GoB5MP9w4-01798-00356664-00356823 and sometimes when we aren't aware of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01799-00356824-00356975 something for so long
A5GoB5MP9w4-01800-00356976-00357191 it's harder to see and so i do see that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01801-00357192-00357382 your your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01802-00357383-00357775 dream is in connection with having an
A5GoB5MP9w4-01803-00357776-00358030 abundance of many things but many uh
A5GoB5MP9w4-01804-00358031-00358351 many things good health
A5GoB5MP9w4-01805-00358352-00358639 peace we have it's not your security not
A5GoB5MP9w4-01806-00358640-00358767 having worries
A5GoB5MP9w4-01807-00358768-00359006 not having to worry it seems like about
A5GoB5MP9w4-01808-00359007-00359134 you know where to live
A5GoB5MP9w4-01809-00359135-00359382 where to go next year where to do with
A5GoB5MP9w4-01810-00359383-00359615 this money how to invest this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01811-00359616-00359815 so i'm definitely sensing that what is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01812-00359816-00359919 preventing this is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01813-00359920-00360103 a lot of politics and distractions of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01814-00360104-00360263 course which is just low frequency
A5GoB5MP9w4-01815-00360264-00360399 energy
A5GoB5MP9w4-01816-00360400-00360599 okay and we have beyond delusion there
A5GoB5MP9w4-01817-00360600-00360799 is a spiritual awakening of evolving
A5GoB5MP9w4-01818-00360800-00361006 still happening so that you understand
A5GoB5MP9w4-01819-00361007-00361271 why you deserve to live your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01820-00361272-00361327 because
A5GoB5MP9w4-01821-00361328-00361551 it's like for you it might sound too
A5GoB5MP9w4-01822-00361552-00361734 easy to just oh yeah you're here to live
A5GoB5MP9w4-01823-00361735-00361887 your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01824-00361888-00362167 that might sound too easy and that tells
A5GoB5MP9w4-01825-00362168-00362351 me again from the past you know limiting
A5GoB5MP9w4-01826-00362352-00362534 beliefs of having to work hard to earn
A5GoB5MP9w4-01827-00362535-00362606 things
A5GoB5MP9w4-01828-00362607-00362887 certain things like that you're good
A5GoB5MP9w4-01829-00362888-00363023 enough because
A5GoB5MP9w4-01830-00363024-00363358 you are abundance you are
A5GoB5MP9w4-01831-00363359-00363591 it so it would be like am i good enough
A5GoB5MP9w4-01832-00363592-00363663 for myself
A5GoB5MP9w4-01833-00363664-00363895 am i am i good enough for my arms that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01834-00363896-00364054 would be the same thing as am i good
A5GoB5MP9w4-01835-00364055-00364223 enough for abundance except
A5GoB5MP9w4-01836-00364224-00364367 money and other things have been
A5GoB5MP9w4-01837-00364368-00364606 programmed a little bit deeper
A5GoB5MP9w4-01838-00364607-00364910 so death number four definitely politics
A5GoB5MP9w4-01839-00364911-00365023 and distractions
A5GoB5MP9w4-01840-00365024-00365191 low frequency things preventing the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01841-00365192-00365343 dream from coming forward
A5GoB5MP9w4-01842-00365344-00365615 higher learning okay so yeah there is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01843-00365616-00365815 definitely an evolving because when you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01844-00365816-00365975 know that you're good enough
A5GoB5MP9w4-01845-00365976-00366263 and you know that you're worthy you will
A5GoB5MP9w4-01846-00366264-00366319 look
A5GoB5MP9w4-01847-00366320-00366647 like it also and not just
A5GoB5MP9w4-01848-00366648-00366887 on your avatar or your body but you will
A5GoB5MP9w4-01849-00366888-00366958 look
A5GoB5MP9w4-01850-00366959-00367263 abundant you will look worryless
A5GoB5MP9w4-01851-00367264-00367599 you will look carefree and peaceful
A5GoB5MP9w4-01852-00367600-00367854 so that is about being good enough also
A5GoB5MP9w4-01853-00367855-00368030 to receiving what the universe has for
A5GoB5MP9w4-01854-00368031-00368063 you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01855-00368064-00368215 and you're not for everyone that that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01856-00368216-00368327 came out right away you're not for
A5GoB5MP9w4-01857-00368328-00368406 everyone
A5GoB5MP9w4-01858-00368407-00368727 embrace your weirdness okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-01859-00368728-00368951 you have learned from experience but
A5GoB5MP9w4-01860-00368952-00369167 more inner study is now required to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01861-00369168-00369319 further your progress
A5GoB5MP9w4-01862-00369320-00369495 so this is an inner study of what are
A5GoB5MP9w4-01863-00369496-00369623 your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-01864-00369624-00369934 and who are you so there are some more
A5GoB5MP9w4-01865-00369935-00370110 deeper revelations that are coming in is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01866-00370111-00370254 there anything else from preventing
A5GoB5MP9w4-01867-00370255-00370399 dreams from coming forward
A5GoB5MP9w4-01868-00370400-00370775 for the person watching this past lives
A5GoB5MP9w4-01869-00370776-00370999 in reverse
A5GoB5MP9w4-01870-00371000-00371287 and sorrow so many of you are breaking
A5GoB5MP9w4-01871-00371288-00371463 generational things so again depending
A5GoB5MP9w4-01872-00371464-00371678 on who raised you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01873-00371679-00371847 you there are some things that maybe
A5GoB5MP9w4-01874-00371848-00372006 they went through that you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01875-00372007-00372206 are going through or have went through
A5GoB5MP9w4-01876-00372207-00372415 or break or or overcame
A5GoB5MP9w4-01877-00372416-00372575 i definitely see that you have been
A5GoB5MP9w4-01878-00372576-00372806 moving through a lot of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01879-00372807-00373071 energetic things they would call this a
A5GoB5MP9w4-01880-00373072-00373158 generational
A5GoB5MP9w4-01881-00373159-00373334 curse many people and that's like your
A5GoB5MP9w4-01882-00373335-00373582 grandpa father did it so your dad did it
A5GoB5MP9w4-01883-00373583-00373775 now you do it and your children
A5GoB5MP9w4-01884-00373776-00373982 and so that's a good thing if it's like
A5GoB5MP9w4-01885-00373983-00374223 oh yeah we all represent love but
A5GoB5MP9w4-01886-00374224-00374367 some of these things that you had to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01887-00374368-00374510 break are just things that we're
A5GoB5MP9w4-01888-00374511-00374647 bringing you sorrow
A5GoB5MP9w4-01889-00374648-00374951 um habits certain ways pathways
A5GoB5MP9w4-01890-00374952-00375095 that we're doing that let's see why it's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01891-00375096-00375454 the past life this year first deck for
A5GoB5MP9w4-01892-00375455-00375927 for their dreams guilt
A5GoB5MP9w4-01893-00375928-00376230 and the miser guilt in the miser okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-01894-00376231-00376399 so this is again not feeling guilty
A5GoB5MP9w4-01895-00376400-00376591 about having and this is again coming
A5GoB5MP9w4-01896-00376592-00376671 back to how you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01897-00376672-00376934 feel about your dreams how do you feel
A5GoB5MP9w4-01898-00376935-00377095 about the dreams again because we have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01899-00377096-00377247 guilt we have sorrow
A5GoB5MP9w4-01900-00377248-00377447 and so this this seems like this could
A5GoB5MP9w4-01901-00377448-00377654 be the energy that you're coming out of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01902-00377655-00377839 or went through and experienced so let's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01903-00377840-00378030 get some more some more information on
A5GoB5MP9w4-01904-00378031-00378158 this energy here
A5GoB5MP9w4-01905-00378159-00378463 what is all this doing here lovers okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-01906-00378464-00378567 so it could have been just a
A5GoB5MP9w4-01907-00378568-00378702 relationship
A5GoB5MP9w4-01908-00378703-00378982 or or again it is some type of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01909-00378983-00379551 connection here
A5GoB5MP9w4-01910-00379552-00380167 um
A5GoB5MP9w4-01911-00380168-00380447 yeah so if you guys chose deck number
A5GoB5MP9w4-01912-00380448-00380615 four i'm hearing very clearly
A5GoB5MP9w4-01913-00380616-00380791 god universe source whichever you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01914-00380792-00380975 believe in it's very important that you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01915-00380976-00381047 understand
A5GoB5MP9w4-01916-00381048-00381367 that that frequency of the universe is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01917-00381368-00381654 love unconditional love and it's it's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01918-00381655-00381823 knowing that you're worth
A5GoB5MP9w4-01919-00381824-00382063 that you're you're worthy you don't have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01920-00382064-00382247 to earn this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01921-00382248-00382447 type of connection you have this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01922-00382448-00382615 connection within you you don't have to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01923-00382616-00382751 be worthy of it it just
A5GoB5MP9w4-01924-00382752-00382943 is within you and so embracing and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01925-00382944-00383143 accepting that you don't have to feel
A5GoB5MP9w4-01926-00383144-00383310 bad it's like whatever that connection
A5GoB5MP9w4-01927-00383311-00383367 is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01928-00383368-00383567 between the relationship with you and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01929-00383568-00383799 source universe god whatever you choose
A5GoB5MP9w4-01930-00383800-00383999 it definitely needs some mending there
A5GoB5MP9w4-01931-00384000-00384175 so that you can trust more
A5GoB5MP9w4-01932-00384176-00384334 in this because this is what's going to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01933-00384335-00384567 help you create the life that you want
A5GoB5MP9w4-01934-00384568-00384678 to live here
A5GoB5MP9w4-01935-00384679-00384878 and this is what's going to make sense
A5GoB5MP9w4-01936-00384879-00385102 of many things in your life that 4
A5GoB5MP9w4-01937-00385103-00385454 and so not to feel guilt or shame about
A5GoB5MP9w4-01938-00385455-00385799 who you are what you've done but to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01939-00385800-00386151 open to embracing the awareness of
A5GoB5MP9w4-01940-00386152-00386519 the truth and where you could have
A5GoB5MP9w4-01941-00386520-00386967 done better okay it is understanding
A5GoB5MP9w4-01942-00386968-00387247 more about yourself okay so taking the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01943-00387248-00387327 time being
A5GoB5MP9w4-01944-00387328-00387591 easier on you i'm definitely seeing that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01945-00387592-00387630 so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01946-00387631-00387882 practically we have what do you need to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01947-00387883-00388063 release
A5GoB5MP9w4-01948-00388064-00388230 what do you need to release because this
A5GoB5MP9w4-01949-00388231-00388406 is preventing you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01950-00388407-00388591 from living your dream so it seems like
A5GoB5MP9w4-01951-00388592-00388871 this is like a five to seven year
A5GoB5MP9w4-01952-00388872-00389039 change that's happening in perfect
A5GoB5MP9w4-01953-00389040-00389254 harmony yeah so even if you don't do
A5GoB5MP9w4-01954-00389255-00389358 anything
A5GoB5MP9w4-01955-00389359-00389551 your dreams are already in perfect
A5GoB5MP9w4-01956-00389552-00389727 harmony so
A5GoB5MP9w4-01957-00389728-00389943 even if you take the wrong path there's
A5GoB5MP9w4-01958-00389944-00390071 no such thing because all
A5GoB5MP9w4-01959-00390072-00390351 the wrong paths still lead you to the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01960-00390352-00390454 right path
A5GoB5MP9w4-01961-00390455-00390615 so there is really no such thing from a
A5GoB5MP9w4-01962-00390616-00390775 higher perspective of the wrong path
A5GoB5MP9w4-01963-00390776-00390951 they're all just redirecting
A5GoB5MP9w4-01964-00390952-00391175 it's just when you trust your intuition
A5GoB5MP9w4-01965-00391176-00391319 more so that you don't have to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-01966-00391320-00391630 redirected so often you get there sooner
A5GoB5MP9w4-01967-00391631-00391878 and and that trust comes from that
A5GoB5MP9w4-01968-00391879-00392054 relationship with your intuition and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01969-00392055-00392310 how you feel about why you're here and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01970-00392311-00392463 so many more things so let's see if
A5GoB5MP9w4-01971-00392464-00392663 there's anything else for deck four with
A5GoB5MP9w4-01972-00392664-00392951 when their dreams will become real
A5GoB5MP9w4-01973-00392952-00393119 release your guilt that's the second
A5GoB5MP9w4-01974-00393120-00393215 time here
A5GoB5MP9w4-01975-00393216-00393551 guilt and shame are the lowest frequency
A5GoB5MP9w4-01976-00393552-00393951 in the energetic field lowest frequency
A5GoB5MP9w4-01977-00393952-00394206 is shame and guilt okay so this is
A5GoB5MP9w4-01978-00394207-00394430 forgiving forgiving yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-01979-00394431-00394639 for everything that you may have felt
A5GoB5MP9w4-01980-00394640-00394951 like okay i could have done better
A5GoB5MP9w4-01981-00394952-00395271 also justice is coming and
A5GoB5MP9w4-01982-00395272-00395519 also not allowing your past to dictate
A5GoB5MP9w4-01983-00395520-00395702 the future to come
A5GoB5MP9w4-01984-00395703-00395991 so your dreams are becoming real with
A5GoB5MP9w4-01985-00395992-00396087 the more
A5GoB5MP9w4-01986-00396088-00396391 possibility you believe in them okay the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01987-00396392-00396567 more you believe in them it's like the
A5GoB5MP9w4-01988-00396568-00396606 more
A5GoB5MP9w4-01989-00396607-00396806 clear they become but the less you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01990-00396807-00397015 believe in them the more foggier
A5GoB5MP9w4-01991-00397016-00397263 they become and so it's being able to
A5GoB5MP9w4-01992-00397264-00397447 really see the dream
A5GoB5MP9w4-01993-00397448-00397815 and to know that you are here for
A5GoB5MP9w4-01994-00397816-00398119 a bigger purpose we have bigger picture
A5GoB5MP9w4-01995-00398120-00398175 thinking
A5GoB5MP9w4-01996-00398176-00398623 okay you come from a beautiful place
A5GoB5MP9w4-01997-00398624-00398878 deck number four so the last thing i
A5GoB5MP9w4-01998-00398879-00398958 want to say to you
A5GoB5MP9w4-01999-00398959-00399295 is that the ego your mind is very
A5GoB5MP9w4-02000-00399296-00399478 insatiable it thinks that it knows what
A5GoB5MP9w4-02001-00399479-00399591 it wants and
A5GoB5MP9w4-02002-00399592-00399734 and you know i see this all the time in
A5GoB5MP9w4-02003-00399735-00399902 the coaching in your mind
A5GoB5MP9w4-02004-00399903-00400143 becomes this dictator of many things
A5GoB5MP9w4-02005-00400144-00400263 that you think you want
A5GoB5MP9w4-02006-00400264-00400439 and so that's where the spirituality
A5GoB5MP9w4-02007-00400440-00400567 comes in i'm feeling like
A5GoB5MP9w4-02008-00400568-00400854 that is when your dreams become more
A5GoB5MP9w4-02009-00400855-00400927 real
A5GoB5MP9w4-02010-00400928-00401143 is when you start focusing on your soul
A5GoB5MP9w4-02011-00401144-00401271 fulfillment what will
A5GoB5MP9w4-02012-00401272-00401478 really bring you joy for a long time
A5GoB5MP9w4-02013-00401479-00401639 without the dependency
A5GoB5MP9w4-02014-00401640-00401943 of a person being there or without i
A5GoB5MP9w4-02015-00401944-00402039 will be happy
A5GoB5MP9w4-02016-00402040-00402239 if i have this job without the
A5GoB5MP9w4-02017-00402240-00402423 contingency
A5GoB5MP9w4-02018-00402424-00402582 that's where the true spirituality is
A5GoB5MP9w4-02019-00402583-00402815 i'm seeing in your path and the start to
A5GoB5MP9w4-02020-00402816-00402951 your dreams becoming real
A5GoB5MP9w4-02021-00402952-00403278 is when you see that dreams are real so
A5GoB5MP9w4-02022-00403279-00403519 it's much more than than becoming true
A5GoB5MP9w4-02023-00403520-00403678 you must know that they are real
A5GoB5MP9w4-02024-00403679-00403958 so you must believe in the magic before
A5GoB5MP9w4-02025-00403959-00404023 you can be
A5GoB5MP9w4-02026-00404024-00404206 the magician which is the one who
A5GoB5MP9w4-02027-00404207-00404399 manifests their life of fulfillment
A5GoB5MP9w4-02028-00404400-00404599 and also you are here to experience
A5GoB5MP9w4-02029-00404600-00404806 bliss so you have the ability
A5GoB5MP9w4-02030-00404807-00405167 to create heaven on earth hell on earth
A5GoB5MP9w4-02031-00405168-00405358 you have the ability to create either so
A5GoB5MP9w4-02032-00405359-00405567 because you have this creative ability
A5GoB5MP9w4-02033-00405568-00405758 you can create bad or you can create
A5GoB5MP9w4-02034-00405759-00405895 good and so
A5GoB5MP9w4-02035-00405896-00406119 your soul desires to be in heaven to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-02036-00406120-00406278 in bliss to be
A5GoB5MP9w4-02037-00406279-00406487 in a place that just feels like it's too
A5GoB5MP9w4-02038-00406488-00406654 good to be true
A5GoB5MP9w4-02039-00406655-00406943 but you must believe in the magic before
A5GoB5MP9w4-02040-00406944-00406991 that
A5GoB5MP9w4-02041-00406992-00407254 can occur and happen and so i am sensing
A5GoB5MP9w4-02042-00407255-00407391 that so let's look at the
A5GoB5MP9w4-02043-00407392-00407743 next five years
A5GoB5MP9w4-02044-00407744-00407951 seven years i'm definitely feeling like
A5GoB5MP9w4-02045-00407952-00408151 it's five to seven years
A5GoB5MP9w4-02046-00408152-00408406 that these things are happening so yeah
A5GoB5MP9w4-02047-00408407-00408623 not not going through the same thing
A5GoB5MP9w4-02048-00408624-00408902 here okay with the devil card seven
A5GoB5MP9w4-02049-00408903-00409071 years
A5GoB5MP9w4-02050-00409072-00409334 yeah the wheel of fortune okay so
A5GoB5MP9w4-02051-00409335-00409487 basically what they're saying is
A5GoB5MP9w4-02052-00409488-00409630 the things that you feel like you have
A5GoB5MP9w4-02053-00409631-00409910 to make a decision on right now
A5GoB5MP9w4-02054-00409912-00410222 okay they will you will still be on this
A5GoB5MP9w4-02055-00410223-00410447 wheel until you break free because
A5GoB5MP9w4-02056-00410447-00410639 ultimately what you're looking for
A5GoB5MP9w4-02057-00410639-00410791 and what you're trying to obtain is
A5GoB5MP9w4-02058-00410792-00410974 freedom okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-02059-00410975-00411263 it is a deep sense of fulfillment it's
A5GoB5MP9w4-02060-00411264-00411439 deeper than what you think it's deeper
A5GoB5MP9w4-02061-00411439-00411534 than the ego it's
A5GoB5MP9w4-02062-00411535-00411822 deeper than your mind and so you will
A5GoB5MP9w4-02063-00411823-00411878 just go
A5GoB5MP9w4-02064-00411879-00412166 on this wheel until you realize that
A5GoB5MP9w4-02065-00412167-00412255 your dreams are
A5GoB5MP9w4-02066-00412256-00412455 real and so being patient with yourself
A5GoB5MP9w4-02067-00412456-00412607 on this process of course
A5GoB5MP9w4-02068-00412608-00412782 but knowing that you can break free any
A5GoB5MP9w4-02069-00412783-00413007 time and so the the decision of being
A5GoB5MP9w4-02070-00413008-00413159 free will never go away
A5GoB5MP9w4-02071-00413160-00413422 because your soul will always desire it
A5GoB5MP9w4-02072-00413423-00413582 and so when you follow it right away
A5GoB5MP9w4-02073-00413583-00413734 things happen much quicker
A5GoB5MP9w4-02074-00413735-00413951 so with you deck number four i'm sensing
A5GoB5MP9w4-02075-00413952-00414134 that this could take some time
A5GoB5MP9w4-02076-00414135-00414366 if the cycles are not broken and i am
A5GoB5MP9w4-02077-00414367-00414622 definitely sensing in your finances
A5GoB5MP9w4-02078-00414623-00414782 the cycles of not trusting your
A5GoB5MP9w4-02079-00414783-00414974 intuition or your instincts or
A5GoB5MP9w4-02080-00414975-00415255 the financial cycles or holding things
A5GoB5MP9w4-02081-00415256-00415447 that are not belonging to you
A5GoB5MP9w4-02082-00415447-00415670 um absorbing others energy and carrying
A5GoB5MP9w4-02083-00415671-00415830 that with you so you know
A5GoB5MP9w4-02084-00415831-00416070 all of this is amounting to your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-02085-00416071-00416255 becoming real every day so i'm hoping
A5GoB5MP9w4-02086-00416256-00416366 that this gave you
A5GoB5MP9w4-02087-00416367-00416591 some type of inspiration to continue to
A5GoB5MP9w4-02088-00416592-00416678 have hope
A5GoB5MP9w4-02089-00416679-00416943 in the possibility of this happening
A5GoB5MP9w4-02090-00416943-00416999 okay
A5GoB5MP9w4-02091-00417000-00417182 because when you don't believe that it's
A5GoB5MP9w4-02092-00417183-00417510 possible then it's very hard to see that
A5GoB5MP9w4-02093-00417512-00417607 it's actually
A5GoB5MP9w4-02094-00417608-00417910 already happening the magic us being
A5GoB5MP9w4-02095-00417912-00417966 alive
A5GoB5MP9w4-02096-00417967-00418214 the everything that's already happening
A5GoB5MP9w4-02097-00418215-00418510 is magic but
A5GoB5MP9w4-02098-00418512-00418799 if you do not think of something as a
A5GoB5MP9w4-02099-00418800-00418887 possibility
A5GoB5MP9w4-02100-00418888-00419087 it's very hard to manifest it in your
A5GoB5MP9w4-02101-00419088-00419247 energy field versus something that
A5GoB5MP9w4-02102-00419247-00419422 you're thinking about for
A5GoB5MP9w4-02103-00419423-00419759 a lot of time and focus of this could be
A5GoB5MP9w4-02104-00419760-00419863 possible
A5GoB5MP9w4-02105-00419864-00420143 is what forges that path for you this
A5GoB5MP9w4-02106-00420143-00420247 could be possible
A5GoB5MP9w4-02107-00420247-00420383 so if you guys chose deck number four
A5GoB5MP9w4-02108-00420384-00420599 hashtag down below it's possible
A5GoB5MP9w4-02109-00420600-00420791 and this is affirming that your dreams
A5GoB5MP9w4-02110-00420792-00420999 becoming real is possible
A5GoB5MP9w4-02111-00421000-00421199 and it's happening every day but now
A5GoB5MP9w4-02112-00421200-00421366 it's about sustaining
A5GoB5MP9w4-02113-00421367-00421718 and living in a space of peace and bliss
A5GoB5MP9w4-02114-00421719-00421863 so being honest about
A5GoB5MP9w4-02115-00421864-00422095 okay how many days out of the year am i
A5GoB5MP9w4-02116-00422096-00422166 truly
A5GoB5MP9w4-02117-00422167-00422399 in a state of bliss and happiness and
A5GoB5MP9w4-02118-00422400-00422607 how could i align my life to get there
A5GoB5MP9w4-02119-00422608-00422735 and that's kind of what this was an
A5GoB5MP9w4-02120-00422735-00422895 overview of so i hope that you guys
A5GoB5MP9w4-02121-00422896-00423014 enjoyed this video
A5GoB5MP9w4-02122-00423015-00423166 don't forget to comment down below
A5GoB5MP9w4-02123-00423167-00423335 subscribe like the video
A5GoB5MP9w4-02124-00423335-00423487 come back for the next one i can't wait
A5GoB5MP9w4-02125-00423488-00423718 to see you guys in the next pick a card
A5GoB5MP9w4-02126-00423719-00423783 reading
A5GoB5MP9w4-02127-00423784-00424047 love and light
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00000-00000003-00000211 it was about me gonna sit over
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00001-00000212-00000380 Obama said mama when if the project is
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00002-00000381-00000614 inside the house out in the lawn or
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00003-00000615-00000740 you're going on vacation when they help
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00004-00000741-00000904 you tackle those projects those give you
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00005-00000905-00001058 tips from time to time while you're on
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00006-00001059-00001375 vacation do you remember the last two
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00007-00001376-00001630 video recording that I posted we want to
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00008-00001632-00001787 in Spanish once it in English if you
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00009-00001788-00001973 haven't seen that we'll put the link
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00010-00001973-00002282 right here okay go to it and I will show
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00011-00002283-00002630 you and that video how to make is with
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00012-00002631-00002917 buckets I have researched YouTube and I
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00013-00002918-00003203 have not found a demonstration of how
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00014-00003204-00003635 this works with reason I attempted the
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00015-00003636-00003983 first time to do it and just like the
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00016-00003984-00004235 Energizer Bunny it goes and goes and
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00017-00004236-00004595 goes I went ahead and pour liquid okay
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00018-00004596-00005081 in the tube and I put a liquid and I put
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00019-00005082-00005384 liquid and I put liquid and it continued
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00020-00005385-00005620 to put a liquid onto the light what's
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00021-00005621-00005870 going on here there's way too much
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00022-00005871-00006161 liquid I don't see the containers okay
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00023-00006162-00006470 getting filled up so I stopped
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00024-00006470-00006809 looked at it and I pushed down on one of
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00025-00006809-00007280 my guns and another one popped up and I
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00026-00007281-00007442 pushed on that one and another one
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00027-00007443-00007637 popped up you're like oh my goodness
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00028-00007638-00007679 gracious
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00029-00007680-00007886 now I know why nobody has demonstrated
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00030-00007887-00008303 and it is because since its light the
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00031-00008304-00008486 water went underneath and it was pushing
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00032-00008487-00008696 all the containers on the bottles and
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00033-00008697-00009152 also the dirt so what I've done it's a
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00034-00009153-00009361 little change and I'm gonna demonstrate
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00035-00009362-00009761 second time I'll do this like I always
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00036-00009762-00010879 say by my mother ding ding ding ding all
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00037-00010880-00011126 right amigos I'm gonna give you a quick
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00038-00011127-00011368 explanation once again a half this works
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00039-00011369-00011693 and put the liquid through here the
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00040-00011694-00011870 liquid is gonna go to the first gallon
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00041-00011871-00012029 it's going to come out of the little
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00042-00012030-00012254 balls on the bottom and it's going to
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00043-00012255-00012485 spread it's gonna make that dirt moist
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00044-00012486-00012806 so want to get noise all around liquid
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00045-00012807-00013094 is going to go into every single one of
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00046-00013094-00013372 the gallons and the bottles create under
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00047-00013373-00013586 the rest of the round you have a little
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00048-00013587-00013816 home over here okay and that is going to
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00049-00013818-00014174 tell us when we have reached the bottom
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00050-00014175-00014540 and everything filled with water all
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00051-00014541-00014762 these plants the roots are going to go
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00052-00014763-00015008 down into the humid section of the wet
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00053-00015009-00015241 section okay leaving this section right
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00054-00015243-00015472 here which is going to be drying and
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00055-00015473-00015707 they're gonna go ahead and how oxygen
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00056-00015708-00015968 going into groups if we wouldn't do that
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00057-00015969-00016163 then basically they will die they were
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00058-00016163-00016658 drown in theory every single one of
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00059-00016659-00016907 these containers shall be filled up with
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00060-00016908-00017363 water so let's go see if this works at
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00061-00017364-00017639 this time by the way the first time
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00062-00017640-00017852 everything up tup this time what I've
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00063-00017853-00018035 done is I've put hot glue underneath
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00064-00018036-00018425 every gallon around all the plastic
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00065-00018426-00018782 bottles and I put these two cores from
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00066-00018783-00018962 trimmer in the hope that keeps
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00067-00018963-00020284 everything down as if it works
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00068-00020285-00022512 [Music]
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00069-00022513-00024254 [Music]
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00070-00024255-00024588 some egos did you get all that what I'm
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00071-00024589-00024840 saying is that I can see the water going
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00072-00024841-00025227 through the dirt onto each of the
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00073-00025228-00025512 gallons as I pointed out all the gallons
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00074-00025513-00026808 right now are getting filled with water
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00075-00026808-00027032 let me see if I can be your close-up
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00076-00027033-00027245 there's the water this water is gonna
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00077-00027247-00027525 continue inside these reservoir and it's
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00078-00027526-00027855 gonna go down as the water comes out of
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00079-00027856-00028008 the bottom hole because of the dryness
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00080-00028008-00028190 and because the plant are gonna be
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00081-00028191-00028437 hydrating in a week or two just take a
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00082-00028438-00028677 stick through the pipe and measure the
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00083-00028677-00028848 water level that way you'll know how
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00084-00028849-00029010 much water you have to go ahead and
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00085-00029011-00031770 input once again because this area right
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00086-00031770-00032102 here gets wet quickly what I do is I
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00087-00032103-00032295 pour the water want to suck coming out
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00088-00032295-00032460 then I move on to one of my other
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00089-00032461-00032673 buckets and I let it rest and then I
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00090-00032674-00032859 will come back and continue to fill up
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00091-00032860-00033215 this way it will take me about once a
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00092-00033216-00033408 week or even
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00093-00033409-00033770 once every two weeks to feel myself
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00094-00033771-00034023 depending on the heat of course a summer
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00095-00034024-00034209 what kind of plant you have been here
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00096-00034210-00034449 such as letters or Tomatoes you know
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00097-00034450-00034629 they do to drink a lot of water you
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00098-00034630-00034848 might have to pour water into here you
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00099-00034849-00035073 know a little more often however you
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00100-00035074-00035322 won't have to do it to do it daily like
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00101-00035323-00035577 we do with the other plants and other
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00102-00035578-00036048 methods this way that would drink the
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00103-00036049-00036291 water on their own take the guest out of
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00104-00036292-00036573 it and also avoid the fungus that's
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00105-00036574-00036846 created when you pour the water over on
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00106-00036847-00037056 top don't forget to subscribe don't
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00107-00037057-00037389 forget to be like and hit that Bell
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00108-00037390-00037548 should be notified hope you liked the
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00109-00037549-00038446 video until next time
A6AcqFc_CZ0-00110-00038447-00038653 you
A7gTdZnRvYo-00000-00000008-00000175 ducks were prepared to lay down their
A7gTdZnRvYo-00001-00000176-00000375 very wife for you possess an inborn
A7gTdZnRvYo-00002-00000376-00000551 instinct to protect their loved ones
A7gTdZnRvYo-00003-00000552-00000743 making them some of the most valued dog
A7gTdZnRvYo-00004-00000744-00001079 breeds in the world which ducks are they
A7gTdZnRvYo-00005-00001080-00001254 before we begin with the list if you're
A7gTdZnRvYo-00006-00001255-00001415 new to the channel invite you to join
A7gTdZnRvYo-00007-00001416-00001647 our family of animals by subscribing and
A7gTdZnRvYo-00008-00001648-00001879 sharing the video with your friends
A7gTdZnRvYo-00009-00001880-00002110 and now top 10 dog that will die
A7gTdZnRvYo-00010-00002111-00002463 for you are you ready diabetes number 10
A7gTdZnRvYo-00011-00002464-00002718 great pyrenees the great pyrenees is
A7gTdZnRvYo-00012-00002719-00002934 known as a big and strong protector of
A7gTdZnRvYo-00013-00002935-00003166 people livestock and smaller animals
A7gTdZnRvYo-00014-00003167-00003367 although they make for kind and gentle
A7gTdZnRvYo-00015-00003368-00003590 pets don't let their calm demeanor fool
A7gTdZnRvYo-00016-00003592-00003790 you they are very much devoted to their
A7gTdZnRvYo-00017-00003792-00004047 goal which is protecting those they love
A7gTdZnRvYo-00018-00004047-00004359 darkbird number 9 giant schnauzer giant
A7gTdZnRvYo-00019-00004360-00004551 schnauzers are watched and proud working
A7gTdZnRvYo-00020-00004552-00004751 ducks were loyal to their fault making
A7gTdZnRvYo-00021-00004752-00004935 them extremely proficient family
A7gTdZnRvYo-00022-00004936-00005047 guardians
A7gTdZnRvYo-00023-00005048-00005327 would these ducks die for their owners
A7gTdZnRvYo-00024-00005328-00005551 they take their protective duties very
A7gTdZnRvYo-00025-00005552-00005751 seriously and you might even spot some
A7gTdZnRvYo-00026-00005752-00006006 of them acting as police ducks dog breed
A7gTdZnRvYo-00027-00006007-00006167 that would die for you number eight
A7gTdZnRvYo-00028-00006168-00006454 italian candy corso the cannon corsa is
A7gTdZnRvYo-00029-00006455-00006678 a capable and devoted guardians of homes
A7gTdZnRvYo-00030-00006679-00006903 and families traditionally in italy but
A7gTdZnRvYo-00031-00006904-00007103 increasingly all around the world as
A7gTdZnRvYo-00032-00007104-00007383 well since ancient roman times they have
A7gTdZnRvYo-00033-00007384-00007614 served as guard ducks and it's in their
A7gTdZnRvYo-00034-00007615-00007878 genes they don't need any training to
A7gTdZnRvYo-00035-00007879-00008151 step into the role of guards ducks
A7gTdZnRvYo-00036-00008152-00008446 dog bit number 7 belgian malinois the
A7gTdZnRvYo-00037-00008447-00008623 belgian malinois is well known as a
A7gTdZnRvYo-00038-00008624-00008846 police dock police force all around the
A7gTdZnRvYo-00039-00008847-00009046 world trust them to perform well in wide
A7gTdZnRvYo-00040-00009047-00009359 variety of tasks and among other things
A7gTdZnRvYo-00041-00009360-00009599 they are used as guards ducks they are
A7gTdZnRvYo-00042-00009600-00009846 incredibly focused resilient quick and
A7gTdZnRvYo-00043-00009847-00010039 totally committed to their duties and
A7gTdZnRvYo-00044-00010040-00010231 are ready to give their wives to protect
A7gTdZnRvYo-00045-00010232-00010551 you exceptional guard ducks right dog
A7gTdZnRvYo-00046-00010552-00010751 bit number six american staffordshire
A7gTdZnRvYo-00047-00010752-00010983 terrier americans the for sure terriers
A7gTdZnRvYo-00048-00010984-00011206 are beautiful and powerful dogs but also
A7gTdZnRvYo-00049-00011207-00011446 remarkably courageous and loyal pets who
A7gTdZnRvYo-00050-00011447-00011670 love all members of the family what
A7gTdZnRvYo-00051-00011671-00011870 makes them so loyal
A7gTdZnRvYo-00052-00011871-00012055 they are always ready to demonstrate
A7gTdZnRvYo-00053-00012056-00012206 their wealth and devotion by risking
A7gTdZnRvYo-00054-00012207-00012367 their wives in order to protect their
A7gTdZnRvYo-00055-00012368-00012591 loved ones a trait that was sadly taken
A7gTdZnRvYo-00056-00012592-00012807 advantage of by morally corrupt owners
A7gTdZnRvYo-00057-00012808-00013094 to turn them into fighting ducks
A7gTdZnRvYo-00058-00013095-00013286 so while they've seen plenty of use in
A7gTdZnRvYo-00059-00013287-00013471 dark fights which has worsened their
A7gTdZnRvYo-00060-00013472-00013679 reputation they are not to blame for
A7gTdZnRvYo-00061-00013680-00013855 their bad name
A7gTdZnRvYo-00062-00013856-00014030 dark breed that will die for you number
A7gTdZnRvYo-00063-00014031-00014375 5 german boxer german boxers are known
A7gTdZnRvYo-00064-00014376-00014615 as non-aggressive playful and faithful
A7gTdZnRvYo-00065-00014616-00014903 pets still if they perceive danger they
A7gTdZnRvYo-00066-00014904-00015079 will react instinctively to protect
A7gTdZnRvYo-00067-00015080-00015222 their wife once
A7gTdZnRvYo-00068-00015223-00015391 naturally they are prepared to face
A7gTdZnRvYo-00069-00015391-00015615 mortal danger without fear earning them
A7gTdZnRvYo-00070-00015616-00015838 a strong fifth place on our list
A7gTdZnRvYo-00071-00015840-00016111 darkbird number four the akita if you've
A7gTdZnRvYo-00072-00016112-00016311 seen some of my previous videos you like
A7gTdZnRvYo-00073-00016312-00016486 to know that the akita is a symbol of
A7gTdZnRvYo-00074-00016487-00016686 faith and loyalty all over the world
A7gTdZnRvYo-00075-00016687-00016863 thanks to an incredibly devoted duck
A7gTdZnRvYo-00076-00016864-00017103 named hachiko who even has a movie named
A7gTdZnRvYo-00077-00017104-00017215 after him
A7gTdZnRvYo-00078-00017216-00017455 however their exceptional loyalty isn't
A7gTdZnRvYo-00079-00017456-00017655 the only reason they are on this list
A7gTdZnRvYo-00080-00017656-00017839 the akita is a very protective duck
A7gTdZnRvYo-00081-00017840-00017991 breed that attacks perceived threats
A7gTdZnRvYo-00082-00017992-00018183 without thought or warning giving their
A7gTdZnRvYo-00083-00018184-00018430 wives for their what ones in the process
A7gTdZnRvYo-00084-00018431-00018639 coming up are the top three dog breeds
A7gTdZnRvYo-00085-00018640-00018967 ready to die for you ready dark breed
A7gTdZnRvYo-00086-00018968-00019143 that will die for you number three
A7gTdZnRvYo-00087-00019144-00019383 rothweiler it's well known that roth
A7gTdZnRvYo-00088-00019384-00019550 flowers are remarkably loyal and
A7gTdZnRvYo-00089-00019551-00019799 powerful ducks but above all they're
A7gTdZnRvYo-00090-00019800-00019958 also extraordinarily smart and
A7gTdZnRvYo-00091-00019959-00020158 protective companions
A7gTdZnRvYo-00092-00020159-00020303 you should know that if you own a
A7gTdZnRvYo-00093-00020304-00020471 rothweiler you have a strong and
A7gTdZnRvYo-00094-00020472-00020671 faithful friend for a wife one who
A7gTdZnRvYo-00095-00020672-00020950 protect you until their dying breath
A7gTdZnRvYo-00096-00020951-00021111 dark breed that would die for you number
A7gTdZnRvYo-00097-00021112-00021327 two german shepherd
A7gTdZnRvYo-00098-00021328-00021535 every animal hour has heard of german
A7gTdZnRvYo-00099-00021536-00021758 shepherds and their incredible obedience
A7gTdZnRvYo-00100-00021759-00021999 diligence intelligence bravery and
A7gTdZnRvYo-00101-00022000-00022158 devotion
A7gTdZnRvYo-00102-00022159-00022311 german shepherds are always on their
A7gTdZnRvYo-00103-00022312-00022527 toes their ducks were always looking out
A7gTdZnRvYo-00104-00022528-00022735 for threats ready to protect you with
A7gTdZnRvYo-00105-00022736-00022863 their wives
A7gTdZnRvYo-00106-00022864-00023094 their remarkable traits see them take a
A7gTdZnRvYo-00107-00023095-00023335 well-deserved second place on our list
A7gTdZnRvYo-00108-00023336-00023486 and dog breed that would die for you
A7gTdZnRvYo-00109-00023487-00023799 number one doberman dobermans are known
A7gTdZnRvYo-00110-00023800-00023942 all around the world as faithful and
A7gTdZnRvYo-00111-00023943-00024127 devoted dogs and they've earned their
A7gTdZnRvYo-00112-00024128-00024350 reputation they're raised strictly for
A7gTdZnRvYo-00113-00024351-00024583 the purpose of personal protection
A7gTdZnRvYo-00114-00024584-00024758 they possess the ideal traits of
A7gTdZnRvYo-00115-00024759-00024991 restraint loyalty intelligence and
A7gTdZnRvYo-00116-00024992-00025167 fearlessness when it comes to protecting
A7gTdZnRvYo-00117-00025168-00025335 their owners
A7gTdZnRvYo-00118-00025336-00025550 these clever ducks known how to predict
A7gTdZnRvYo-00119-00025551-00025758 and recognize threats they act quickly
A7gTdZnRvYo-00120-00025760-00025950 and without fear and will lay down their
A7gTdZnRvYo-00121-00025951-00026127 wives for you at a moment's notice if
A7gTdZnRvYo-00122-00026127-00026351 that's what it takes to protect you what
A7gTdZnRvYo-00123-00026352-00026567 do you think do they deserve first place
A7gTdZnRvYo-00124-00026568-00026774 on our list you should know that dog
A7gTdZnRvYo-00125-00026775-00026967 breeds on this twist weave and die by
A7gTdZnRvYo-00126-00026968-00027190 their owners and their owners cherish
A7gTdZnRvYo-00127-00027191-00027383 them for it it's what makes them some of
A7gTdZnRvYo-00128-00027383-00027662 the most popular dog breeds in the world
A7gTdZnRvYo-00129-00027663-00027855 and if you know of any other dog breeds
A7gTdZnRvYo-00130-00027856-00028039 i felt mentioned please share them with
A7gTdZnRvYo-00131-00028039-00028190 us in the comment section below the
A7gTdZnRvYo-00132-00028191-00028311 video
A7gTdZnRvYo-00133-00028312-00028479 if you enjoyed the video please click
A7gTdZnRvYo-00134-00028480-00028614 the like button and share the video with
A7gTdZnRvYo-00135-00028616-00028774 your friends or social networks don't
A7gTdZnRvYo-00136-00028775-00028983 forget to subscribe and join our growing
A7gTdZnRvYo-00137-00028983-00029231 family of animal lovers
A7gTdZnRvYo-00138-00029232-00029511 would you like to see more
A7gTdZnRvYo-00139-00029512-00029695 in the description i've prepared links
A7gTdZnRvYo-00140-00029695-00029895 to the videos of the top 10 most well
A7gTdZnRvYo-00141-00029895-00030062 most intelligent deadliest most
A7gTdZnRvYo-00142-00030063-00030223 beautiful tiniest dog breeds in the
A7gTdZnRvYo-00143-00030224-00030439 world and many more
A7gTdZnRvYo-00144-00030439-00030662 let's keep our pets healthy and happy
A7gTdZnRvYo-00145-00030663-00031679 bye
A7gTdZnRvYo-00146-00031680-00031888 you
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00000-00000011-00000340 the Acadian peninsula French Peninsula
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00001-00000341-00000559 kdn is situated in the northeastern
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00002-00000560-00000716 corner of New Brunswick Canada
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00003-00000717-00000928 encompassing portions of Gloucester and
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00004-00000930-00001204 Northumberland counties it derives its
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00005-00001205-00001369 name from the large Acadian population
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00006-00001370-00001657 located there two major islands off the
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00007-00001659-00001864 northeast tip of the peninsula lamech
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00008-00001866-00002081 Island and Moscow Island are culturally
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00009-00002082-00002314 considered part of the Acadian peninsula
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00010-00002315-00002555 most settlement in the peninsula
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00011-00002556-00002743 occurred as a result of the expulsion of
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00012-00002744-00002935 the Acadians during the Gulf of st.
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00013-00002936-00003226 Lawrence campaign 1758 where British
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00014-00003227-00003397 personnel forcibly removed them from
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00015-00003398-00003584 their homes mostly in southern New
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00016-00003585-00003893 Brunswick and Nova Scotia fishing is the
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00017-00003894-00004111 dominant industry on the peninsula with
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00018-00004112-00004394 a large agricultural sector as well the
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00019-00004395-00004577 disappearance of the lady Odette and
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00020-00004578-00004906 lady Dorian vessels in 1970-71 shocked
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00021-00004907-00005179 the peninsula peat bogs are found in the
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00022-00005180-00005670 ship Hagen and lamech areas
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00023-00005671-00006248 topic list of major towns
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00024-00006249-00006509 major towns on the Acadian peninsula
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00025-00006509-00007033 include carrie catt ship Hagen trick ad
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00026-00007034-00007680 neg wok lamech on lamech island
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00027-00007681-00008252 topic see also
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00028-00008253-00008731 Akkadian World Congress
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00029-00008732-00009296 topic external links
A7FbJ2hjVGu-00030-00009297-00009611 official page
A8JdQjIW6_U-00000-00000057-00000429 jazz as a music genre that originated in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00001-00000430-00000699 the african-american communities of New
A8JdQjIW6_U-00002-00000700-00001119 Orleans United States it originated in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00003-00001120-00001443 the late 19th and early 20th centuries
A8JdQjIW6_U-00004-00001444-00001682 and developed from roots in blues and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00005-00001683-00002152 ragtime jazz as seen by many as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00006-00002153-00002543 America's classical music since the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00007-00002544-00002930 1920s Jazz Age jazz has become
A8JdQjIW6_U-00008-00002931-00003240 recognized as a major form of musical
A8JdQjIW6_U-00009-00003240-00003609 expression it then emerged in the form
A8JdQjIW6_U-00010-00003610-00003841 of independent traditional and popular
A8JdQjIW6_U-00011-00003842-00004188 musical styles all linked by the common
A8JdQjIW6_U-00012-00004189-00004466 bonds of African American and European
A8JdQjIW6_U-00013-00004467-00004713 American musical parentage with a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00014-00004714-00005084 performance orientation jazz is
A8JdQjIW6_U-00015-00005085-00005343 characterized by swing and blue notes
A8JdQjIW6_U-00016-00005344-00005675 call-and-response vocals pali rhythms
A8JdQjIW6_U-00017-00005676-00006107 and improvisation jazz has roots in west
A8JdQjIW6_U-00018-00006108-00006402 african cultural and musical expression
A8JdQjIW6_U-00019-00006403-00006698 and in african american music traditions
A8JdQjIW6_U-00020-00006700-00006998 including blues and ragtime as well as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00021-00007000-00007348 european military band music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00022-00007350-00007595 intellectuals around the world have
A8JdQjIW6_U-00023-00007597-00007992 hailed jazz as one of America's original
A8JdQjIW6_U-00024-00007993-00008367 art forms as jazz spread around the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00025-00008368-00008670 world it drew on national regional and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00026-00008671-00008955 local musical cultures which gave rise
A8JdQjIW6_U-00027-00008956-00009390 to different styles New Orleans jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00028-00009391-00009756 began in the early 1910s combining
A8JdQjIW6_U-00029-00009757-00010020 earlier brass band marches French
A8JdQjIW6_U-00030-00010021-00010320 quadrilles big weenie ragtime and blues
A8JdQjIW6_U-00031-00010321-00010656 with collective polyphonic improvisation
A8JdQjIW6_U-00032-00010657-00011100 in the 1930s heavily arranged dance
A8JdQjIW6_U-00033-00011101-00011433 oriented swing big bands Kansas City
A8JdQjIW6_U-00034-00011434-00011726 jazz a hard swinging bluesy
A8JdQjIW6_U-00035-00011727-00012027 improvisational style and gypsy jazz a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00036-00012028-00012324 style that emphasized musette waltzes
A8JdQjIW6_U-00037-00012325-00012569 were the prominent styles
A8JdQjIW6_U-00038-00012570-00013019 bebop emerged in the 1940s shifting jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00039-00013021-00013319 from danceable popular music toward a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00040-00013321-00013466 more challenging
A8JdQjIW6_U-00041-00013466-00013830 musicians music which was played at
A8JdQjIW6_U-00042-00013831-00014168 faster tempos and used more chord based
A8JdQjIW6_U-00043-00014169-00014562 improvisation cool jazz developed near
A8JdQjIW6_U-00044-00014563-00014913 the end of the 1940s introducing calmer
A8JdQjIW6_U-00045-00014913-00015243 smoother sounds and long linear melodic
A8JdQjIW6_U-00046-00015244-00015732 lines the 1950s saw the emergence of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00047-00015733-00016013 free jazz which explored playing without
A8JdQjIW6_U-00048-00016015-00016332 regular meter beat and formal structures
A8JdQjIW6_U-00049-00016333-00016704 and in the mid-1950s hard bop emerged
A8JdQjIW6_U-00050-00016705-00016986 which introduced influences from rhythm
A8JdQjIW6_U-00051-00016987-00017343 and blues gospel and blues especially in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00052-00017344-00017739 the saxophone and piano playing modal
A8JdQjIW6_U-00053-00017740-00018105 jazz developed in the late 1950s using
A8JdQjIW6_U-00054-00018106-00018450 the mode or musical scale as the basis
A8JdQjIW6_U-00055-00018451-00018770 of musical structure and improvisation
A8JdQjIW6_U-00056-00018771-00019127 jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late
A8JdQjIW6_U-00057-00019128-00019566 1960s and early 1970s combining jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00058-00019567-00019854 improvisation with rock music's rhythms
A8JdQjIW6_U-00059-00019855-00020085 electric instruments and highly
A8JdQjIW6_U-00060-00020086-00020562 amplified stage sound in the early 1980s
A8JdQjIW6_U-00061-00020563-00020874 a commercial form of jazz fusion called
A8JdQjIW6_U-00062-00020875-00021209 smooth jazz became successful garnering
A8JdQjIW6_U-00063-00021210-00021636 significant radio airplay other styles
A8JdQjIW6_U-00064-00021637-00021975 and genres abound in the 2000s such as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00065-00021976-00022758 Latin and afro-cuban jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00066-00022759-00023457 topic etymology and definition
A8JdQjIW6_U-00067-00023458-00023925 the origin of the word jazz has resulted
A8JdQjIW6_U-00068-00023926-00024225 in considerable research and its history
A8JdQjIW6_U-00069-00024226-00024390 as well-documented
A8JdQjIW6_U-00070-00024391-00024876 it is believed to be related to jasm a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00071-00024877-00025401 slang term dating back to 1869 pep
A8JdQjIW6_U-00072-00025402-00025778 energy the earliest written record of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00073-00025779-00026127 the word as in a 1912 article in the Los
A8JdQjIW6_U-00074-00026127-00026400 Angeles Times in which a minor league
A8JdQjIW6_U-00075-00026401-00026688 baseball pitcher described a pitch which
A8JdQjIW6_U-00076-00026689-00027162 he called a jazz ball because it wobbles
A8JdQjIW6_U-00077-00027163-00027479 and you simply can't do anything with it
A8JdQjIW6_U-00078-00027480-00027867 the use of the word in a musical context
A8JdQjIW6_U-00079-00027868-00028248 was documented as early as 1915 in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00080-00028249-00028614 Chicago Daily Tribune its first
A8JdQjIW6_U-00081-00028614-00028944 documented use in a musical context in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00082-00028945-00029370 New Orleans was in a November 14 1916
A8JdQjIW6_U-00083-00029370-00029789 Times Picayune article about jazz bands
A8JdQjIW6_U-00084-00029791-00030225 in an interview with NPR musician eubie
A8JdQjIW6_U-00085-00030226-00030462 Blake offered his recollections of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00086-00030463-00030738 slang connotations of the term saying
A8JdQjIW6_U-00087-00030739-00031077 when Broadway picked it up they called
A8JdQjIW6_U-00088-00031077-00031418 it J a to ZZ
A8JdQjIW6_U-00089-00031419-00031874 it wasn't called that it was spelled Jas
A8JdQjIW6_U-00090-00031875-00032270 s that was dirty and if you knew what it
A8JdQjIW6_U-00091-00032270-00032549 was you wouldn't say it in front of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00092-00032550-00032987 ladies the American dialect Society
A8JdQjIW6_U-00093-00032988-00033266 named it the word of the 20th century
A8JdQjIW6_U-00094-00033267-00033554 jazz is difficult to define because it
A8JdQjIW6_U-00095-00033555-00033815 encompasses a wide range of music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00096-00033816-00034157 spanning a period of over 100 years from
A8JdQjIW6_U-00097-00034158-00034516 ragtime to the rock infused fusion
A8JdQjIW6_U-00098-00034517-00034826 attempts have been made to define jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00099-00034827-00035078 from the perspective of other musical
A8JdQjIW6_U-00100-00035079-00035345 traditions such as European music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00101-00035346-00035720 history or African music but critic
A8JdQjIW6_U-00102-00035721-00035999 joachim ernst baron argues that its
A8JdQjIW6_U-00103-00036000-00036254 terms of reference and its definition
A8JdQjIW6_U-00104-00036255-00036542 should be broader defining jazz as a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00105-00036543-00036920 form of art music which originated in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00106-00036921-00037129 the United States through the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00107-00037130-00037445 confrontation of the Negro with European
A8JdQjIW6_U-00108-00037446-00037614 music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00109-00037615-00037818 and arguing that it differs from
A8JdQjIW6_U-00110-00037819-00038147 European music in that jazz has a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00111-00038148-00038523 special relationship to time defined as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00112-00038524-00039042 swing jazz involves a spontaneity and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00113-00039043-00039413 vitality of musical production in which
A8JdQjIW6_U-00114-00039414-00039739 improvisation plays a role
A8JdQjIW6_U-00115-00039740-00040099 and contains uh sonority and manner of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00116-00040100-00040374 phrasing which mirror the individuality
A8JdQjIW6_U-00117-00040375-00040857 of the performing jazz musician
A8JdQjIW6_U-00118-00040858-00041199 in the opinion of robert christgau most
A8JdQjIW6_U-00119-00041200-00041490 of us would say that inventing meaning
A8JdQjIW6_U-00120-00041491-00041760 while letting loose as the essence and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00121-00041761-00042020 promise of jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00122-00042021-00042280 a broader definition that encompasses
A8JdQjIW6_U-00123-00042281-00042617 different eras of jazz has been proposed
A8JdQjIW6_U-00124-00042618-00042971 by Travis Jackson it is music that
A8JdQjIW6_U-00125-00042972-00043273 includes qualities such as swing
A8JdQjIW6_U-00126-00043274-00043637 improvising group interaction developing
A8JdQjIW6_U-00127-00043638-00043961 an individual voice and being open to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00128-00043962-00044462 different musical possibilities cringy
A8JdQjIW6_U-00129-00044463-00044846 bard argued that jazz as a construct
A8JdQjIW6_U-00130-00044847-00045281 which designates a number of musics with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00131-00045282-00045562 enough in common to be understood as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00132-00045563-00045957 part of a coherent tradition
A8JdQjIW6_U-00133-00045958-00046212 in contrast to commentators who have
A8JdQjIW6_U-00134-00046213-00046475 argued for excluding types of jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00135-00046476-00046767 musicians are sometimes reluctant to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00136-00046768-00047091 define the music they play Duke
A8JdQjIW6_U-00137-00047092-00047382 Ellington one of jazz's most famous
A8JdQjIW6_U-00138-00047383-00048177 figures said it's all music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00139-00048178-00049166 topic elements and issues
A8JdQjIW6_U-00140-00049167-00049760 topic improvisation
A8JdQjIW6_U-00141-00049761-00050077 although jazz is considered difficult to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00142-00050078-00050399 define in part because it contains many
A8JdQjIW6_U-00143-00050400-00050695 subgenres improvisation as one of its
A8JdQjIW6_U-00144-00050696-00051070 defining elements the centrality of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00145-00051071-00051304 improvisation as attributed to the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00146-00051305-00051607 influence of earlier forms of music such
A8JdQjIW6_U-00147-00051608-00051899 as blues a form of folk music which
A8JdQjIW6_U-00148-00051900-00052189 arose in part from the work songs and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00149-00052190-00052478 field hollers of african-american slaves
A8JdQjIW6_U-00150-00052479-00052879 on plantations these work songs were
A8JdQjIW6_U-00151-00052880-00053104 commonly structured around a repetitive
A8JdQjIW6_U-00152-00053105-00053411 call-and-response pattern but early
A8JdQjIW6_U-00153-00053412-00053830 blues was also improvisational classical
A8JdQjIW6_U-00154-00053832-00054125 music performance as evaluated more by
A8JdQjIW6_U-00155-00054126-00054416 its fidelity to the musical score with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00156-00054416-00054715 less attention given to interpretation
A8JdQjIW6_U-00157-00054716-00054961 ornamentation and accompaniment
A8JdQjIW6_U-00158-00054962-00055330 the classical performers goal is to play
A8JdQjIW6_U-00159-00055332-00055655 the composition as it was written
A8JdQjIW6_U-00160-00055657-00055974 in contrast jazz is often characterized
A8JdQjIW6_U-00161-00055975-00056202 by the product of interaction and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00162-00056203-00056508 collaboration placing less value on the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00163-00056509-00056778 contribution of the composer if there is
A8JdQjIW6_U-00164-00056779-00057167 one and more on the performer the jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00165-00057169-00057404 performer interprets a tune in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00166-00057405-00057699 individual ways never playing the same
A8JdQjIW6_U-00167-00057700-00058059 composition twice depending on the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00168-00058060-00058311 performers mood experience an
A8JdQjIW6_U-00169-00058312-00058554 interaction with band members or
A8JdQjIW6_U-00170-00058554-00058797 audience members the performer may
A8JdQjIW6_U-00171-00058798-00059082 change melodies harmonies and time
A8JdQjIW6_U-00172-00059083-00059454 signatures in early Dixieland aka New
A8JdQjIW6_U-00173-00059454-00059736 Orleans jazz performers took turns
A8JdQjIW6_U-00174-00059737-00060029 playing melodies and improvising counter
A8JdQjIW6_U-00175-00060030-00060462 melodies in the swing era of the 1920s
A8JdQjIW6_U-00176-00060463-00060744 to 40s big bands relied more on
A8JdQjIW6_U-00177-00060745-00060972 arrangements which were written or
A8JdQjIW6_U-00178-00060973-00061374 learned by ear and memorized soloists
A8JdQjIW6_U-00179-00061375-00061650 improvised within these arrangements in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00180-00061651-00062073 the bebop era of the 1940s big bands
A8JdQjIW6_U-00181-00062074-00062370 gave way to small groups and minimal
A8JdQjIW6_U-00182-00062371-00062604 arrangements in which the melody was
A8JdQjIW6_U-00183-00062604-00062862 stated briefly at the beginning and most
A8JdQjIW6_U-00184-00062863-00063248 of the song was improvised modal jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00185-00063249-00063530 abandoned chord progressions to allow
A8JdQjIW6_U-00186-00063532-00063957 musicians to improvise even more in many
A8JdQjIW6_U-00187-00063958-00064311 forms of jazz a soloist is supported by
A8JdQjIW6_U-00188-00064312-00064584 a rhythm section of one or more chordal
A8JdQjIW6_U-00189-00064585-00064947 instruments piano guitar double bass and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00190-00064948-00065361 drums the rhythm section plays chords
A8JdQjIW6_U-00191-00065362-00065571 and rhythms that outline the song
A8JdQjIW6_U-00192-00065572-00065945 structure and complement the soloist in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00193-00065946-00066291 avant-garde and free jazz the separation
A8JdQjIW6_U-00194-00066292-00066591 of soloist and band as reduced and there
A8JdQjIW6_U-00195-00066592-00066873 is license or even a requirement for the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00196-00066874-00067714 abandoning of chords scales and meters
A8JdQjIW6_U-00197-00067715-00068322 topic tradition and race
A8JdQjIW6_U-00198-00068323-00068649 since the emergence of bebop forms of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00199-00068650-00068925 jazz that are commercially oriented or
A8JdQjIW6_U-00200-00068926-00069204 influenced by popular music have been
A8JdQjIW6_U-00201-00069205-00069588 criticized according to Bruce Johnson
A8JdQjIW6_U-00202-00069589-00069881 there has always been a tension between
A8JdQjIW6_U-00203-00069882-00070257 jazz as a commercial music and an art
A8JdQjIW6_U-00204-00070258-00070677 form traditional jazz enthusiasts have
A8JdQjIW6_U-00205-00070678-00070932 dismissed Bebop free jazz and jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00206-00070933-00071241 fusion as forms of debasement and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00207-00071242-00071610 betrayal an alternative view is that
A8JdQjIW6_U-00208-00071611-00071928 jazz can absorb and transform diverse
A8JdQjIW6_U-00209-00071929-00072351 musical styles by avoiding the creation
A8JdQjIW6_U-00210-00072352-00072693 of norms jazz allows avant-garde styles
A8JdQjIW6_U-00211-00072694-00072938 to emerge for some African Americans
A8JdQjIW6_U-00212-00072939-00073269 jazz has drawn attention to african
A8JdQjIW6_U-00213-00073270-00073539 american contributions to culture and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00214-00073540-00073944 history for others jazz as a reminder of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00215-00073945-00074298 an oppressive and racist society and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00216-00074299-00074657 restrictions on their artistic visions
A8JdQjIW6_U-00217-00074658-00074976 amiri baraka argues that there is a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00218-00074977-00075396 white jazz genre that expresses
A8JdQjIW6_U-00219-00075397-00075732 whiteness white jazz musicians appeared
A8JdQjIW6_U-00220-00075733-00075914 in the Midwest and in other areas
A8JdQjIW6_U-00221-00075915-00076257 throughout the u.s. Papa Jack Lane who
A8JdQjIW6_U-00222-00076258-00076539 ran the reliance band in New Orleans in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00223-00076540-00076950 the 1910s was called the father of white
A8JdQjIW6_U-00224-00076951-00077360 jazz the original Dixieland jazz band
A8JdQjIW6_U-00225-00077361-00077670 whose members were white were the first
A8JdQjIW6_U-00226-00077671-00077952 jazz group to record and Bix Beiderbecke
A8JdQjIW6_U-00227-00077953-00078228 was one of the most prominent jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00228-00078229-00078606 soloists of the 1920s
A8JdQjIW6_U-00229-00078607-00078891 the chicago-style was developed by white
A8JdQjIW6_U-00230-00078892-00079176 musicians such as Eddie Condon bud
A8JdQjIW6_U-00231-00079177-00079538 Freeman Jimmy McPartland and Dave tuff
A8JdQjIW6_U-00232-00079539-00079848 others from Chicago such as Benny
A8JdQjIW6_U-00233-00079849-00080148 Goodman and Gene Krupa became leading
A8JdQjIW6_U-00234-00080149-00080604 members of Swing during the 1930s many
A8JdQjIW6_U-00235-00080605-00080864 bands included both black and white
A8JdQjIW6_U-00236-00080865-00081246 musicians these musicians helped change
A8JdQjIW6_U-00237-00081247-00082003 attitudes toward race in the US
A8JdQjIW6_U-00238-00082004-00082375 topic roles of women
A8JdQjIW6_U-00239-00082376-00082591 you
A8JdQjIW6_U-00240-00082592-00082848 female jazz performers and composers
A8JdQjIW6_U-00241-00082849-00083124 have contributed to jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00242-00083125-00083436 throughout its history although Betty
A8JdQjIW6_U-00243-00083437-00083734 Carter Ella Fitzgerald Adelaide Hall
A8JdQjIW6_U-00244-00083735-00084078 Billie Holiday Abby Lincoln Anita O'Day
A8JdQjIW6_U-00245-00084079-00084409 Dinah Washington and Ethel Waters were
A8JdQjIW6_U-00246-00084410-00084678 recognized for their vocal talent less
A8JdQjIW6_U-00247-00084679-00085019 familiar were band leaders composers and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00248-00085020-00085266 instrumentalists such as pianist lil
A8JdQjIW6_U-00249-00085267-00085568 Hardin Armstrong and songwriters Irene
A8JdQjIW6_U-00250-00085569-00085956 Higginbotham and Dorothy fields women
A8JdQjIW6_U-00251-00085957-00086253 began playing instruments in jazz in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00252-00086254-00086556 early 1920s drawing particular
A8JdQjIW6_U-00253-00086557-00086862 recognition on piano when male jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00254-00086863-00087126 musicians were drafted during World War
A8JdQjIW6_U-00255-00087127-00087213 two
A8JdQjIW6_U-00256-00087214-00087618 many all female bands replaced them the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00257-00087619-00087807 International sweethearts of rhythm
A8JdQjIW6_U-00258-00087808-00088260 which was founded in 1937 was a popular
A8JdQjIW6_U-00259-00088261-00088517 band that became the first all-female
A8JdQjIW6_U-00260-00088518-00088791 integrated band in the u.s. and the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00261-00088792-00089085 first to travel with the USO touring
A8JdQjIW6_U-00262-00089086-00089580 Europe in 1945 women were members of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00263-00089581-00089856 big bands of Woody Herman and Gerald
A8JdQjIW6_U-00264-00089857-00090348 Wilson beginning in the 1950s many women
A8JdQjIW6_U-00265-00090349-00090606 jazz instrumentalists were prominent
A8JdQjIW6_U-00266-00090607-00091009 some sustaining long careers some of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00267-00091010-00091305 most distinctive improvisers composers
A8JdQjIW6_U-00268-00091306-00092163 and band leaders in jazz have been women
A8JdQjIW6_U-00269-00092164-00092880 topic origins and early history
A8JdQjIW6_U-00270-00092881-00093216 jazz originated in the late 19th to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00271-00093217-00093537 early 20th century as interpretations of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00272-00093538-00093828 American and European classical music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00273-00093829-00094104 entwined with African and slave folk
A8JdQjIW6_U-00274-00094105-00094434 songs and the influences of West African
A8JdQjIW6_U-00275-00094435-00094821 culture its composition and style have
A8JdQjIW6_U-00276-00094822-00095094 changed many times throughout the years
A8JdQjIW6_U-00277-00095095-00095300 with each performers personal
A8JdQjIW6_U-00278-00095301-00095568 interpretation and improvisation which
A8JdQjIW6_U-00279-00095569-00095841 is also one of the greatest appeals of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00280-00095842-00096422 the genre
A8JdQjIW6_U-00281-00096423-00096871 topic blended African and European music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00282-00096872-00097320 sensibilities
A8JdQjIW6_U-00283-00097321-00097662 by the 18th century slaves gathered
A8JdQjIW6_U-00284-00097663-00097959 socially at a special market in an area
A8JdQjIW6_U-00285-00097960-00098240 which later became known as Congo Square
A8JdQjIW6_U-00286-00098241-00098697 famous for its African dances by 1866
A8JdQjIW6_U-00287-00098698-00098955 the Atlantic slave trade had brought
A8JdQjIW6_U-00288-00098956-00099371 nearly 400,000 Africans to North America
A8JdQjIW6_U-00289-00099372-00099771 the slaves came largely from West Africa
A8JdQjIW6_U-00290-00099772-00100038 and the greater Congo River Basin and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00291-00100039-00100311 brought strong musical traditions with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00292-00100312-00100671 them the African traditions primarily
A8JdQjIW6_U-00293-00100672-00100899 use a single line melody and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00294-00100900-00101148 call-and-response pattern and the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00295-00101149-00101391 rhythms have a counter metric structure
A8JdQjIW6_U-00296-00101392-00101699 and reflect African speech patterns in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00297-00101700-00101994 1885 account says that they were making
A8JdQjIW6_U-00298-00101995-00102285 strange music Creole on an equally
A8JdQjIW6_U-00299-00102286-00102586 strange variety of instruments
A8JdQjIW6_U-00300-00102588-00102798 washboards washtubs
A8JdQjIW6_U-00301-00102799-00103113 jugs boxes beaten with sticks or bones
A8JdQjIW6_U-00302-00103114-00103416 and a drum made by stretching skin over
A8JdQjIW6_U-00303-00103417-00103689 a flour barrel lavish festivals with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00304-00103690-00103953 African based dances to drums were
A8JdQjIW6_U-00305-00103954-00104274 organized on Sundays at place Congo or
A8JdQjIW6_U-00306-00104275-00104753 Congo Square in New Orleans until 1843
A8JdQjIW6_U-00307-00104754-00105059 there are historical accounts of other
A8JdQjIW6_U-00308-00105060-00105366 music and dance gatherings elsewhere in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00309-00105367-00105741 the southern United States Robert Palmer
A8JdQjIW6_U-00310-00105742-00106173 said of percussive slave music usually
A8JdQjIW6_U-00311-00106174-00106473 such music was associated with annual
A8JdQjIW6_U-00312-00106474-00106719 festivals when the year's crop was
A8JdQjIW6_U-00313-00106720-00106974 harvested and several days were set
A8JdQjIW6_U-00314-00106975-00107505 aside for celebration as late as 1861 a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00315-00107506-00107832 traveler in North Carolina saw dancers
A8JdQjIW6_U-00316-00107833-00108123 dressed in costumes that included horned
A8JdQjIW6_U-00317-00108124-00108414 headdresses and cattails and heard music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00318-00108415-00108768 provided by a sheepskin covered gumbo
A8JdQjIW6_U-00319-00108769-00109188 box apparently a frame drum triangles
A8JdQjIW6_U-00320-00109189-00109431 and jaw bones furnished the auxiliary
A8JdQjIW6_U-00321-00109432-00109630 percussion
A8JdQjIW6_U-00322-00109631-00109903 there are quite a few accounts from the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00323-00109904-00110208 southeastern states and Louisiana dating
A8JdQjIW6_U-00324-00110209-00110725 from the period 1820 to 1850 some of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00325-00110726-00111033 earliest Mississippi Delta settlers came
A8JdQjIW6_U-00326-00111034-00111301 from the vicinity of New Orleans where
A8JdQjIW6_U-00327-00111302-00111568 drumming was never actively discouraged
A8JdQjIW6_U-00328-00111569-00111853 for very long and homemade drums were
A8JdQjIW6_U-00329-00111854-00112150 used to accompany public dancing until
A8JdQjIW6_U-00330-00112151-00112450 the outbreak of the Civil War
A8JdQjIW6_U-00331-00112451-00112774 another influence came from the harmonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-00332-00112775-00113038 style of hymns of the church which black
A8JdQjIW6_U-00333-00113039-00113320 slaves had learned and incorporated into
A8JdQjIW6_U-00334-00113321-00113677 their own music as spirituals the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00335-00113678-00113944 origins of the blues are undocumented
A8JdQjIW6_U-00336-00113945-00114205 though they can be seen as the secular
A8JdQjIW6_U-00337-00114206-00114458 counterpart of the spirituals
A8JdQjIW6_U-00338-00114459-00114814 however as Gerhard cubic points out
A8JdQjIW6_U-00339-00114815-00115081 whereas the spirituals are homophonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-00340-00115082-00115461 rural blues and early jazz was largely
A8JdQjIW6_U-00341-00115463-00115954 based on concepts of hetero funny during
A8JdQjIW6_U-00342-00115955-00116248 the early 19th century an increasing
A8JdQjIW6_U-00343-00116249-00116518 number of black musicians learn to play
A8JdQjIW6_U-00344-00116519-00116800 European instrument particularly the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00345-00116801-00117055 violin which they used to parody
A8JdQjIW6_U-00346-00117056-00117298 European dance music in their own
A8JdQjIW6_U-00347-00117299-00117708 cakewalk dances in turn European
A8JdQjIW6_U-00348-00117709-00117973 American minstrel show performers in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00349-00117974-00118239 blackface popularized the music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00350-00118240-00118525 internationally combining syncopation
A8JdQjIW6_U-00351-00118526-00118836 with European harmonic accompaniment in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00352-00118838-00119197 the mid-1800s the white New Orleans
A8JdQjIW6_U-00353-00119198-00119527 composer Louis Moreau got cheek adapted
A8JdQjIW6_U-00354-00119528-00119808 slave rhythms and melodies from Cuba and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00355-00119809-00120133 other Caribbean islands into piano salon
A8JdQjIW6_U-00356-00120133-00120534 music New Orleans was the main nexus
A8JdQjIW6_U-00357-00120535-00120814 between the afro Caribbean and African
A8JdQjIW6_U-00358-00120815-00121477 American cultures
A8JdQjIW6_U-00359-00121478-00122153 topic African rhythmic retention
A8JdQjIW6_U-00360-00122154-00122441 the Black Codes outlawed drumming by
A8JdQjIW6_U-00361-00122442-00122710 slaves which meant that African drumming
A8JdQjIW6_U-00362-00122711-00122959 traditions were not preserved in North
A8JdQjIW6_U-00363-00122960-00123044 America
A8JdQjIW6_U-00364-00123045-00123350 unlike in Cuba Haiti and elsewhere in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00365-00123351-00123707 the Caribbean african-based rhythmic
A8JdQjIW6_U-00366-00123708-00123950 patterns were retained in the United
A8JdQjIW6_U-00367-00123951-00124241 States in large part through body
A8JdQjIW6_U-00368-00124242-00124631 rhythms such as stomping clapping and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00369-00124632-00124943 patting Juba dancing in the opinion of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00370-00124944-00125209 jazz historian Ernest Borman what
A8JdQjIW6_U-00371-00125210-00125579 preceded New Orleans jazz before 1890
A8JdQjIW6_U-00372-00125580-00126041 was afro Latin music similar to what was
A8JdQjIW6_U-00373-00126042-00126299 played in the Caribbean at the time a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00374-00126300-00126605 three stroke pattern known in Cuban
A8JdQjIW6_U-00375-00126606-00126835 music as Tracy o as a fundamental
A8JdQjIW6_U-00376-00126836-00127100 rhythmic figure heard in many different
A8JdQjIW6_U-00377-00127101-00127418 slave musics of the Caribbean as well as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00378-00127419-00127703 the afro Caribbean folk dances performed
A8JdQjIW6_U-00379-00127704-00128053 in New Orleans Congo Square and got shox
A8JdQjIW6_U-00380-00128054-00128426 compositions for example souvenirs from
A8JdQjIW6_U-00381-00128427-00129017 Havana 1859 Tracy O shown below is the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00382-00129018-00129233 most basic and most prevalent
A8JdQjIW6_U-00383-00129233-00129559 duple-pulse rhythmic cell in sub-saharan
A8JdQjIW6_U-00384-00129560-00129833 African music traditions and the music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00385-00129833-00130128 of the African diaspora
A8JdQjIW6_U-00386-00130129-00130401 treci Oh has heard prominently in New
A8JdQjIW6_U-00387-00130402-00130668 Orleans second line music and in other
A8JdQjIW6_U-00388-00130669-00130953 forms of popular music from that city
A8JdQjIW6_U-00389-00130954-00131229 from the turn of the 20th century to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00390-00131230-00131586 present by enlarge the simpler African
A8JdQjIW6_U-00391-00131587-00132104 rhythmic pattern survived in jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00392-00132105-00132335 because they could be adapted more
A8JdQjIW6_U-00393-00132336-00132779 readily to European rhythmic conceptions
A8JdQjIW6_U-00394-00132780-00133121 jazz historian Gunther Schuller observed
A8JdQjIW6_U-00395-00133122-00133487 some survived others were discarded as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00396-00133488-00133868 the Europeanisation progressed in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00397-00133869-00134321 post-civil war period after 1865 African
A8JdQjIW6_U-00398-00134322-00134594 Americans were able to obtain surplus
A8JdQjIW6_U-00399-00134595-00134906 military base drums snare drums and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00400-00134907-00134969 Fife's
A8JdQjIW6_U-00401-00134970-00135239 and an original African American drum
A8JdQjIW6_U-00402-00135240-00135548 and Fife music emerged featuring Tracey
A8JdQjIW6_U-00403-00135549-00135803 oh and related syncopated rhythmic
A8JdQjIW6_U-00404-00135804-00136166 figures this was a drumming tradition
A8JdQjIW6_U-00405-00136167-00136387 that was distinct from its Caribbean
A8JdQjIW6_U-00406-00136388-00136661 counterparts expressing a uniquely
A8JdQjIW6_U-00407-00136662-00137015 African American sensibility the snare
A8JdQjIW6_U-00408-00137016-00137312 and bass drummers played syncopated
A8JdQjIW6_U-00409-00137313-00137696 cross rhythms observed the writer Robert
A8JdQjIW6_U-00410-00137697-00137942 Palmer speculating that this tradition
A8JdQjIW6_U-00411-00137943-00138227 must have dated back to the latter half
A8JdQjIW6_U-00412-00138228-00138497 of the 19th century and it could have
A8JdQjIW6_U-00413-00138498-00138758 not have developed in the first place if
A8JdQjIW6_U-00414-00138759-00138941 there hadn't been a reservoir of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00415-00138942-00139187 polyrhythmic sophistication in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00416-00139188-00139846 culture it nurtured
A8JdQjIW6_U-00417-00139847-00140578 topic afro-cuban influence
A8JdQjIW6_U-00418-00140579-00140774 african-american music began
A8JdQjIW6_U-00419-00140775-00141101 incorporating afro-cuban rhythmic motifs
A8JdQjIW6_U-00420-00141102-00141410 in the 19th century when the Habanera
A8JdQjIW6_U-00421-00141411-00141731 cuban contra Danza gained international
A8JdQjIW6_U-00422-00141732-00142151 popularity musicians from Havana and New
A8JdQjIW6_U-00423-00142152-00142415 Orleans would take the twice daily ferry
A8JdQjIW6_U-00424-00142416-00142682 between both cities to perform and the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00425-00142683-00142946 Habanera quickly took root in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00426-00142947-00143309 musically Fertile Crescent City John
A8JdQjIW6_U-00427-00143310-00143591 Storm Robert states that the musical
A8JdQjIW6_U-00428-00143592-00143999 genre Habanera reached the u.s. 20 years
A8JdQjIW6_U-00429-00144000-00144382 before the first rag was published
A8JdQjIW6_U-00430-00144383-00144628 for the more than quarter century in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00431-00144629-00144973 which the cakewalk ragtime and protege s
A8JdQjIW6_U-00432-00144974-00145270 were forming and developing the Habanera
A8JdQjIW6_U-00433-00145271-00145513 was a consistent part of African
A8JdQjIW6_U-00434-00145514-00145801 American popular music habaneras were
A8JdQjIW6_U-00435-00145802-00146092 widely available as sheet music and were
A8JdQjIW6_U-00436-00146093-00146293 the first written music which was
A8JdQjIW6_U-00437-00146294-00146607 rhythmically based on an African motif
A8JdQjIW6_U-00438-00146608-00147019 1803 from the perspective of African
A8JdQjIW6_U-00439-00147020-00147316 American music the Habanera
A8JdQjIW6_U-00440-00147317-00147943 rhythm also known as Congo tango Congo
A8JdQjIW6_U-00441-00147944-00148255 or tango can be thought of as a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00442-00148256-00148569 combination of Tracy oh and the backbeat
A8JdQjIW6_U-00443-00148570-00148948 the Habanera was the first of many cuban
A8JdQjIW6_U-00444-00148949-00149236 music genres which enjoyed periods of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00445-00149237-00149509 popularity in the United States and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00446-00149510-00149818 reinforced and inspired the use of Tracy
A8JdQjIW6_U-00447-00149819-00150091 au based rhythms in African American
A8JdQjIW6_U-00448-00150092-00150256 music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00449-00150257-00150508 New Orleans native Louis Moreau
A8JdQjIW6_U-00450-00150509-00150922 Gottschalk Spee a no peace ojos criollos
A8JdQjIW6_U-00451-00150923-00151456 danse cubane 1860 was influenced by the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00452-00151457-00151783 composer studies in Cuba the Habanera
A8JdQjIW6_U-00453-00151784-00152068 rhythm as clearly heard in the left hand
A8JdQjIW6_U-00454-00152069-00152524 in gut shocks symphonic work a night in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00455-00152525-00153049 the tropics 1859 the treci oh variants
A8JdQjIW6_U-00456-00153050-00153403 in Keo appears extensively the figure
A8JdQjIW6_U-00457-00153404-00153709 was later used by Scott Joplin and other
A8JdQjIW6_U-00458-00153710-00154018 ragtime composers
A8JdQjIW6_U-00459-00154019-00154282 comparing the music of New Orleans with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00460-00154283-00154528 the music of Cuba wynton marsalis
A8JdQjIW6_U-00461-00154529-00154840 observes that try Co as the New Orleans
A8JdQjIW6_U-00462-00154841-00155439 clave a a Spanish word meaning code or
A8JdQjIW6_U-00463-00155440-00155911 key as in the key to a puzzle or mystery
A8JdQjIW6_U-00464-00155912-00156208 although the pattern is only half a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00465-00156209-00156487 clove a Marsalis makes the point that
A8JdQjIW6_U-00466-00156488-00156736 the single-celled figure as the guide
A8JdQjIW6_U-00467-00156737-00157108 pattern of New Orleans music Jelly Roll
A8JdQjIW6_U-00468-00157109-00157393 Morton called the rhythmic figure the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00469-00157394-00157624 Spanish tinge and considered it an
A8JdQjIW6_U-00470-00157625-00158364 essential ingredient of jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00471-00158365-00158915 topic ragtime
A8JdQjIW6_U-00472-00158916-00159377 the abolition of slavery in 1865 led to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00473-00159378-00159656 new opportunities for the education of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00474-00159657-00160049 freed African Americans although strict
A8JdQjIW6_U-00475-00160050-00160271 segregation limited employment
A8JdQjIW6_U-00476-00160272-00160565 opportunities for most blacks many were
A8JdQjIW6_U-00477-00160566-00160955 able to find work in entertainment black
A8JdQjIW6_U-00478-00160956-00161167 musicians were able to provide
A8JdQjIW6_U-00479-00161168-00161468 entertainment in dances minstrel shows
A8JdQjIW6_U-00480-00161469-00161765 and in vaudeville during which time many
A8JdQjIW6_U-00481-00161766-00162086 marching bands were formed black
A8JdQjIW6_U-00482-00162087-00162380 pianists played in bars clubs and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00483-00162381-00162716 brothels as ragtime developed ragtime
A8JdQjIW6_U-00484-00162717-00163060 appeared as sheet music popularized by
A8JdQjIW6_U-00485-00163061-00163313 african-american musicians such as the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00486-00163314-00163601 entertainer Ernest Hogan whose hit songs
A8JdQjIW6_U-00487-00163602-00164111 appeared in 1895 two years later Vess
A8JdQjIW6_U-00488-00164112-00164390 Ossman recorded a medley of these songs
A8JdQjIW6_U-00489-00164391-00164911 as a banjo solo known as ragtime medley
A8JdQjIW6_U-00490-00164912-00165401 also in 1897 the white composer William
A8JdQjIW6_U-00491-00165402-00165773 Krell published his Mississippi rag as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00492-00165774-00166088 the first written piano instrumental
A8JdQjIW6_U-00493-00166089-00166415 ragtime piece and Tom Turpin published
A8JdQjIW6_U-00494-00166416-00166850 his harlem rag the first rag published
A8JdQjIW6_U-00495-00166851-00167153 by an african-american
A8JdQjIW6_U-00496-00167154-00167478 classically trained pianist Scott Joplin
A8JdQjIW6_U-00497-00167479-00168029 produced his original rags in 1898 and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00498-00168030-00168438 in 1899 had an international hit with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00499-00168439-00168903 Maple Leaf Rag a multi strain ragtime
A8JdQjIW6_U-00500-00168904-00169128 March with four parts that feature
A8JdQjIW6_U-00501-00169129-00169419 recurring themes and a bassline with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00502-00169420-00169839 copious 7th chords its structure was the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00503-00169840-00170097 basis for many other rags and the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00504-00170098-00170300 syncopations in the right hand
A8JdQjIW6_U-00505-00170301-00170565 especially in the transition between the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00506-00170566-00170853 first and second strain were novel at
A8JdQjIW6_U-00507-00170854-00171249 the time the last four measures of Scott
A8JdQjIW6_U-00508-00171250-00171822 Joplin's Maple Leaf Rag 1899 are shown
A8JdQjIW6_U-00509-00171823-00172236 below african-based rhythmic patterns
A8JdQjIW6_U-00510-00172237-00172515 such as Tracy oh and its variants the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00511-00172516-00172829 Habanera rhythm and Sankyo are heard in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00512-00172830-00173112 the ragtime compositions of Joplin and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00513-00173113-00173796 Turpin Joplin's solace 1909 is generally
A8JdQjIW6_U-00514-00173797-00174069 considered to be in the habanero genre
A8JdQjIW6_U-00515-00174070-00174327 both of the pianist's hands play in a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00516-00174328-00174627 syncopated fashion completely abandoning
A8JdQjIW6_U-00517-00174628-00175004 any sense of a March rhythm Ned Sublette
A8JdQjIW6_U-00518-00175005-00175221 postulates that the treasure
A8JdQjIW6_U-00519-00175222-00175536 Habanera rhythm found its way into
A8JdQjIW6_U-00520-00175537-00175941 ragtime and the cakewalk whilst Roberts
A8JdQjIW6_U-00521-00175942-00176256 suggests that the Habanera influence may
A8JdQjIW6_U-00522-00176257-00176514 have been part of what freed black music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00523-00176515-00177281 from rag times european bass
A8JdQjIW6_U-00524-00177282-00178131 topic blues
A8JdQjIW6_U-00525-00178132-00178722 topic African Genesis
A8JdQjIW6_U-00526-00178723-00179000 blues as the name given to both a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00527-00179001-00179291 musical form in a music genre which
A8JdQjIW6_U-00528-00179292-00179525 originated in african-american
A8JdQjIW6_U-00529-00179526-00179793 communities of primarily the deep south
A8JdQjIW6_U-00530-00179794-00180036 of the United States at the end of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00531-00180037-00180294 nineteenth century from their spirituals
A8JdQjIW6_U-00532-00180295-00180621 work songs field hollers shouts and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00533-00180622-00180815 chants and rhymes simple narrative
A8JdQjIW6_U-00534-00180816-00181146 ballads the African use of pentatonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-00535-00181147-00181431 scales contributed to the development of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00536-00181432-00181869 blue notes in blues and jazz as Kubik
A8JdQjIW6_U-00537-00181870-00182065 explains
A8JdQjIW6_U-00538-00182066-00182317 many of the rural blues of the deep
A8JdQjIW6_U-00539-00182318-00182608 south are stylistically an extension and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00540-00182609-00182830 merger of basically two broad
A8JdQjIW6_U-00541-00182831-00183118 accompanied song style traditions in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00542-00183119-00183526 West Central Sudan ik belt a strongly
A8JdQjIW6_U-00543-00183527-00183877 Arabic Islamic song style as found for
A8JdQjIW6_U-00544-00183878-00184186 example among the Hausa it is
A8JdQjIW6_U-00545-00184187-00184513 characterized by melisma wavy intonation
A8JdQjIW6_U-00546-00184514-00184791 pitch instabilities within a pentatonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-00547-00184792-00185214 framework and a declamatory voice
A8JdQjIW6_U-00548-00185215-00185457 an ancient west central Sudan
A8JdQjIW6_U-00549-00185458-00185826 extradimensional song composition often
A8JdQjIW6_U-00550-00185827-00186117 associated with simple work rhythms in a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00551-00186118-00186408 regular meter but with notable offbeat
A8JdQjIW6_U-00552-00186409-00187364 accents 1999 to 94
A8JdQjIW6_U-00553-00187365-00188208 topic WC handy early published blues
A8JdQjIW6_U-00554-00188209-00188581 wcm handy became interested folk blues
A8JdQjIW6_U-00555-00188582-00188815 of the deep south while traveling
A8JdQjIW6_U-00556-00188816-00189139 through the Mississippi Delta in this
A8JdQjIW6_U-00557-00189140-00189391 folk blues form the singer would
A8JdQjIW6_U-00558-00189392-00189622 improvise freely within a limited
A8JdQjIW6_U-00559-00189623-00189877 melodic range sounding like a field
A8JdQjIW6_U-00560-00189878-00190135 holler and the guitar accompaniment was
A8JdQjIW6_U-00561-00190136-00190345 slapped rather than strummed like a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00562-00190346-00190669 small drum which responded in syncopated
A8JdQjIW6_U-00563-00190670-00191037 accents functioning as another voice
A8JdQjIW6_U-00564-00191038-00191365 handy and his band members were formally
A8JdQjIW6_U-00565-00191366-00191644 trained african-american musicians who
A8JdQjIW6_U-00566-00191645-00191908 had not grown up with the blues yet he
A8JdQjIW6_U-00567-00191909-00192202 was able to adapt the blues to a larger
A8JdQjIW6_U-00568-00192203-00192481 band instrument format and arrange them
A8JdQjIW6_U-00569-00192482-00192785 in a popular music form
A8JdQjIW6_U-00570-00192786-00193049 handy wrote about his adopting of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00571-00193050-00193228 blues
A8JdQjIW6_U-00572-00193229-00193513 the primitive southern Negro as he sang
A8JdQjIW6_U-00573-00193514-00193789 was sure to bear down on the third and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00574-00193790-00194023 seventh tone of the scale slurring
A8JdQjIW6_U-00575-00194024-00194389 between major and minor weather in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00576-00194390-00194620 cotton field of the Delta or on the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00577-00194621-00194950 levee up st. Louis way it was always the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00578-00194951-00195379 same till then however I had never heard
A8JdQjIW6_U-00579-00195380-00195621 this slur used by a more sophisticated
A8JdQjIW6_U-00580-00195622-00196099 Negro or by any white man I tried to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00581-00196100-00196399 convey this effect
A8JdQjIW6_U-00582-00196400-00196699 by introducing flat thirds and sevens
A8JdQjIW6_U-00583-00196700-00196975 now called blue notes into my song
A8JdQjIW6_U-00584-00196976-00197451 although it's prevailing key was major
A8JdQjIW6_U-00585-00197452-00197766 and I carried this device into my melody
A8JdQjIW6_U-00586-00197767-00197949 as well
A8JdQjIW6_U-00587-00197950-00198335 the publication of his Memphis blues
A8JdQjIW6_U-00588-00198336-00198648 sheep music in 1912
A8JdQjIW6_U-00589-00198649-00198945 introduced the 12-bar blues to the world
A8JdQjIW6_U-00590-00198946-00199227 although Gunther Schuller argues that it
A8JdQjIW6_U-00591-00199228-00199541 is not really a blues but more like a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00592-00199542-00199974 cakewalk this composition as well as his
A8JdQjIW6_U-00593-00199975-00200382 later st. Louis Blues and others
A8JdQjIW6_U-00594-00200383-00200661 included the Habanera rhythm and would
A8JdQjIW6_U-00595-00200662-00200906 become jazz standards
A8JdQjIW6_U-00596-00200907-00201254 Handy's music career began in the pre
A8JdQjIW6_U-00597-00201255-00201479 jazz era and contributed to the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00598-00201480-00201726 codification of jazz through the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00599-00201727-00201972 publication of some of the first jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00600-00201973-00202592 sheet music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00601-00202593-00203166 topic New Orleans
A8JdQjIW6_U-00602-00203167-00203481 the music of New Orleans had a profound
A8JdQjIW6_U-00603-00203482-00203853 effect on the creation of early jazz in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00604-00203854-00204144 New Orleans slaves could practice
A8JdQjIW6_U-00605-00204145-00204411 elements of their culture such as voodoo
A8JdQjIW6_U-00606-00204412-00204783 and playing drums many early jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00607-00204784-00205019 musicians played in the bars and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00608-00205021-00205269 brothels of the red-light district
A8JdQjIW6_U-00609-00205269-00205628 around Basin Street called Storyville in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00610-00205629-00205905 addition to dance bands there were
A8JdQjIW6_U-00611-00205906-00206154 marching bands which played at lavish
A8JdQjIW6_U-00612-00206155-00206586 funerals later called jazz funerals the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00613-00206587-00206871 instruments used by marching bands and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00614-00206871-00207140 dance bands became the instruments of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00615-00207141-00207515 jazz brass drums and Reed's tuned in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00616-00207516-00207923 European 12 tone scale small bands
A8JdQjIW6_U-00617-00207925-00208196 contained a combination of self-taught
A8JdQjIW6_U-00618-00208198-00208494 and formally educated musicians many
A8JdQjIW6_U-00619-00208494-00208771 from the funeral procession tradition
A8JdQjIW6_U-00620-00208773-00209058 these bands traveled in black
A8JdQjIW6_U-00621-00209059-00209366 communities in the deep south beginning
A8JdQjIW6_U-00622-00209367-00209726 in 1914 creole and african american
A8JdQjIW6_U-00623-00209727-00209994 musicians played in vaudeville shows
A8JdQjIW6_U-00624-00209994-00210285 which carried jazz to cities in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00625-00210286-00210528 northern and western parts of the u.s.
A8JdQjIW6_U-00626-00210529-00210825 in new orleans a white band leader named
A8JdQjIW6_U-00627-00210826-00211125 Papa Jack Lane integrated blacks and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00628-00211126-00211506 whites in his marching band he was known
A8JdQjIW6_U-00629-00211507-00211967 as the father of white jazz because of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00630-00211969-00212271 the many top players he employed such as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00631-00212271-00212535 George bruh knees Sharkey Bonanno and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00632-00212536-00212832 future members of the original Dixieland
A8JdQjIW6_U-00633-00212833-00213327 jazz band during the early 1900's jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00634-00213328-00213651 was mostly performed in african-american
A8JdQjIW6_U-00635-00213652-00213876 and mulatto communities due to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00636-00213877-00214287 segregation laws Storyville brought jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00637-00214288-00214581 to a wider audience through tourists who
A8JdQjIW6_U-00638-00214582-00214912 visited the port city of New Orleans
A8JdQjIW6_U-00639-00214913-00215184 many jazz musicians from
A8JdQjIW6_U-00640-00215185-00215431 african-american communities were hired
A8JdQjIW6_U-00641-00215432-00215733 to perform in bars and brothels
A8JdQjIW6_U-00642-00215734-00216076 these included Buddy Bolden and Jelly
A8JdQjIW6_U-00643-00216077-00216342 Roll Morton in addition to those from
A8JdQjIW6_U-00644-00216344-00216634 other communities such as Lorenzo tio
A8JdQjIW6_U-00645-00216635-00217117 and Alcide Nunez Louis Armstrong started
A8JdQjIW6_U-00646-00217117-00217351 his career in Storyville and found
A8JdQjIW6_U-00647-00217352-00217773 success in Chicago Storyville was shut
A8JdQjIW6_U-00648-00217775-00218660 down by the US government in 1917
A8JdQjIW6_U-00649-00218661-00219205 topic syncopation
A8JdQjIW6_U-00650-00219206-00219511 cornetist Buddy Bolden played in New
A8JdQjIW6_U-00651-00219512-00220135 Orleans from 1895 to 1906 no recordings
A8JdQjIW6_U-00652-00220136-00220486 by him exist his band is credited with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00653-00220487-00220741 creating the big for the first
A8JdQjIW6_U-00654-00220742-00221050 syncopated bass drum pattern to deviate
A8JdQjIW6_U-00655-00221051-00221331 from the standard on the beat March as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00656-00221332-00221719 the example below shows the second half
A8JdQjIW6_U-00657-00221719-00221998 of the big four pattern as the Habanera
A8JdQjIW6_U-00658-00221998-00222173 rhythm
A8JdQjIW6_U-00659-00222175-00222479 Afro Creole pianist Jelly Roll Morton
A8JdQjIW6_U-00660-00222480-00222882 began his career in storyville beginning
A8JdQjIW6_U-00661-00222883-00223239 in 1904 he toured with vaudeville shows
A8JdQjIW6_U-00662-00223240-00223578 to southern cities Chicago and New York
A8JdQjIW6_U-00663-00223579-00224130 City in 1905 he composed Jelly Roll
A8JdQjIW6_U-00664-00224131-00224517 blues which became the first jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00665-00224517-00224742 arrangement in print when it was
A8JdQjIW6_U-00666-00224742-00225204 published in 1915 in introduced more
A8JdQjIW6_U-00667-00225205-00225441 musicians to the New Orleans style
A8JdQjIW6_U-00668-00225442-00225705 Morton considered the Tracy OH
A8JdQjIW6_U-00669-00225706-00225951 Habanera which he called the Spanish
A8JdQjIW6_U-00670-00225952-00226230 tinge an essential ingredient of jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00671-00226231-00226716 now in one of my earliest Tunes New
A8JdQjIW6_U-00672-00226717-00227103 Orleans blues you can notice the Spanish
A8JdQjIW6_U-00673-00227104-00227529 tinge in fact if you can't manage to put
A8JdQjIW6_U-00674-00227530-00227856 tinges of Spanish in your Tunes you will
A8JdQjIW6_U-00675-00227857-00228146 never be able to get the right seasoning
A8JdQjIW6_U-00676-00228148-00228488 I call it for jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00677-00228489-00228953 an excerpt of New Orleans blues is shown
A8JdQjIW6_U-00678-00228954-00229307 below in the excerpt the left hand plays
A8JdQjIW6_U-00679-00229308-00229538 the treasure rhythm while the right hand
A8JdQjIW6_U-00680-00229539-00229944 plays variations onsen Kyo
A8JdQjIW6_U-00681-00229946-00230227 Morden was a crucial innovator in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00682-00230228-00230515 evolution from the early jazz form known
A8JdQjIW6_U-00683-00230516-00230808 as ragtime to jazz piano and could
A8JdQjIW6_U-00684-00230809-00231187 perform pieces in either style in 1938
A8JdQjIW6_U-00685-00231188-00231492 Morgan made a series of recordings for
A8JdQjIW6_U-00686-00231494-00231735 the Library of Congress in which he
A8JdQjIW6_U-00687-00231736-00231973 demonstrated the difference between the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00688-00231973-00232407 two styles Morton solos however were
A8JdQjIW6_U-00689-00232408-00232671 still close to ragtime and were not
A8JdQjIW6_U-00690-00232673-00232975 merely improvisations over chord changes
A8JdQjIW6_U-00691-00232976-00233254 as in later jazz but his use of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00692-00233255-00233991 Blues was of equal importance
A8JdQjIW6_U-00693-00233992-00234748 topic swing in the early 20th century
A8JdQjIW6_U-00694-00234750-00235079 Morton loosen drag times rigid rhythmic
A8JdQjIW6_U-00695-00235080-00235348 feeling decreasing its embellishments
A8JdQjIW6_U-00696-00235350-00235730 and employing a swing feeling swing is
A8JdQjIW6_U-00697-00235731-00235939 the most important and enduring
A8JdQjIW6_U-00698-00235940-00236248 african-based rhythmic technique used in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00699-00236250-00236663 jazz an oft-quoted definition of swing
A8JdQjIW6_U-00700-00236664-00237041 by Louis Armstrong is if you don't feel
A8JdQjIW6_U-00701-00237042-00237416 it you'll never know it the new harvard
A8JdQjIW6_U-00702-00237417-00237694 dictionary of music states that swing is
A8JdQjIW6_U-00703-00237696-00238279 an intangible rhythmic momentum in jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00704-00238280-00238703 swing defies analysis claims to its
A8JdQjIW6_U-00705-00238704-00239110 presence may inspire arguments
A8JdQjIW6_U-00706-00239111-00239369 the dictionary does nonetheless provide
A8JdQjIW6_U-00707-00239369-00239588 the useful description of triple
A8JdQjIW6_U-00708-00239589-00239860 subdivisions of the beat contrasted with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00709-00239861-00240194 duple subdivisions swing super imposes
A8JdQjIW6_U-00710-00240194-00240437 six subdivisions of the beat over a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00711-00240438-00240655 basic pole structure or four
A8JdQjIW6_U-00712-00240656-00241094 subdivisions this aspect of swing is far
A8JdQjIW6_U-00713-00241094-00241384 more prevalent in African American music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00714-00241385-00241828 than in afro-caribbean music one aspect
A8JdQjIW6_U-00715-00241829-00242059 of swing which has heard in more
A8JdQjIW6_U-00716-00242060-00242350 rhythmically complex diaspora musics
A8JdQjIW6_U-00717-00242351-00242644 places strokes in-between the triple and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00718-00242646-00243031 duple-pulse grids New Orleans brass
A8JdQjIW6_U-00719-00243032-00243273 bands are a lasting influence
A8JdQjIW6_U-00720-00243274-00243542 contributing horn players to the world
A8JdQjIW6_U-00721-00243542-00243820 of professional jazz with the distinct
A8JdQjIW6_U-00722-00243821-00244067 sound of the city whilst helping black
A8JdQjIW6_U-00723-00244067-00244442 children escape poverty the leader of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00724-00244442-00244787 New Orleans Camellia brass band dilma
A8JdQjIW6_U-00725-00244788-00245056 Gaynor taught Louis Armstrong to play
A8JdQjIW6_U-00726-00245057-00245335 trumpet Armstrong would then popularize
A8JdQjIW6_U-00727-00245336-00245602 the New Orleans style of trumpet playing
A8JdQjIW6_U-00728-00245603-00245963 and then expand it like Jelly Roll
A8JdQjIW6_U-00729-00245964-00246295 Morton Armstrong is also credited with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00730-00246296-00246580 the abandonment of ragtime stiffness in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00731-00246581-00246997 favor of swung notes Armstrong perhaps
A8JdQjIW6_U-00732-00246998-00247289 more than any other musician codified
A8JdQjIW6_U-00733-00247290-00247534 the rhythmic technique of Swing in jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00734-00247535-00247844 and broadened the jazz solo vocabulary
A8JdQjIW6_U-00735-00247844-00248170 the original Dixieland jazz band made
A8JdQjIW6_U-00736-00248171-00248472 the music's first recordings early in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00737-00248473-00248914 1917 and their livery-stable Blues
A8JdQjIW6_U-00738-00248915-00249277 became the earliest released jazz record
A8JdQjIW6_U-00739-00249278-00249610 that year numerous other bands made
A8JdQjIW6_U-00740-00249611-00250054 recordings featuring jazz in the title
A8JdQjIW6_U-00741-00250055-00250381 or band name but most were ragtime or
A8JdQjIW6_U-00742-00250382-00250746 novelty records rather than jazz in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00743-00250747-00251224 February 1918 during World War one James
A8JdQjIW6_U-00744-00251225-00251346 Reese Europe
A8JdQjIW6_U-00745-00251347-00251765 Hellfighters Infantry band took ragtime
A8JdQjIW6_U-00746-00251766-00252062 to Europe then on their return recorded
A8JdQjIW6_U-00747-00252063-00252413 Dixieland standards including Darktown
A8JdQjIW6_U-00748-00252414-00253067 Strutters ball
A8JdQjIW6_U-00749-00253067-00253642 topic other regions
A8JdQjIW6_U-00750-00253642-00254048 in the northeastern United States a hot
A8JdQjIW6_U-00751-00254050-00254392 style of playing ragtime had developed
A8JdQjIW6_U-00752-00254392-00254694 notably James Reese Europe symphonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-00753-00254696-00254962 cleft club orchestra in New York City
A8JdQjIW6_U-00754-00254963-00255219 which played a benefit concert at
A8JdQjIW6_U-00755-00255221-00255705 Carnegie Hall in 1912 the Baltimore rag
A8JdQjIW6_U-00756-00255706-00256044 style of eubie Blake influenced James P
A8JdQjIW6_U-00757-00256046-00256288 Johnson's development of stride piano
A8JdQjIW6_U-00758-00256289-00256581 playing in which the right hand plays
A8JdQjIW6_U-00759-00256582-00256851 the melody while the left hand provides
A8JdQjIW6_U-00760-00256852-00257146 the rhythm and baseline in Ohio and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00761-00257146-00257358 elsewhere in the Midwest the major
A8JdQjIW6_U-00762-00257359-00257838 influence was ragtime until about 1919
A8JdQjIW6_U-00763-00257839-00258246 around 1912 when the four string banjo
A8JdQjIW6_U-00764-00258248-00258621 and saxophone came in musicians began to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00765-00258623-00258865 improvise the melody line but the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00766-00258866-00259239 harmony and rhythm remained unchanged a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00767-00259240-00259519 contemporary account states that blues
A8JdQjIW6_U-00768-00259519-00259779 could only be heard in jazz in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00769-00259780-00260071 gutbucket cabarets which were generally
A8JdQjIW6_U-00770-00260071-00260269 looked down upon by the black
A8JdQjIW6_U-00771-00260269-00260917 middle-class
A8JdQjIW6_U-00772-00260917-00261533 topic the Jazz Age
A8JdQjIW6_U-00773-00261534-00262004 from 1920 to 1933 prohibition in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00774-00262005-00262229 United States banned the sale of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00775-00262230-00262553 alcoholic drinks resulting in illicit
A8JdQjIW6_U-00776-00262554-00262853 speakeasies which became lively venues
A8JdQjIW6_U-00777-00262854-00263309 of the Jazz Age hosting popular music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00778-00263310-00263761 dance songs novelty songs and show tunes
A8JdQjIW6_U-00779-00263762-00264086 jazz began to get a reputation as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00780-00264087-00264344 immoral and many members of the older
A8JdQjIW6_U-00781-00264345-00264608 generations saw it as a threat to the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00782-00264609-00264887 old cultural values by promoting the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00783-00264888-00265216 decadent values of the Roaring Twenties
A8JdQjIW6_U-00784-00265217-00265513 Henry Van Dyke of Princeton University
A8JdQjIW6_U-00785-00265514-00265771 wrote
A8JdQjIW6_U-00786-00265772-00266194 it is not music at all it's merely an
A8JdQjIW6_U-00787-00266195-00266448 irritation of the nerves of hearing
A8JdQjIW6_U-00788-00266449-00266734 essential teasing of the strings of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00789-00266735-00266975 physical passion
A8JdQjIW6_U-00790-00266976-00267235 the New York Times reported that
A8JdQjIW6_U-00791-00267236-00267551 Siberian villagers used jazz to scare
A8JdQjIW6_U-00792-00267552-00267830 away bears but the villagers had used
A8JdQjIW6_U-00793-00267831-00268175 pots and pans another story claimed that
A8JdQjIW6_U-00794-00268176-00268412 the fatal heart attack of a celebrated
A8JdQjIW6_U-00795-00268413-00268789 conductor was caused by jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00796-00268790-00269229 in 1919 kid orys original Creole jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00797-00269230-00269548 band of musicians from New Orleans began
A8JdQjIW6_U-00798-00269549-00269823 playing in San Francisco and Los Angeles
A8JdQjIW6_U-00799-00269824-00270228 where in 1922 they became the first
A8JdQjIW6_U-00800-00270229-00270565 black jazz band of New Orleans origin to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00801-00270566-00270922 make recordings during the same year
A8JdQjIW6_U-00802-00270923-00271253 Bessie Smith made her first recordings
A8JdQjIW6_U-00803-00271254-00271768 Chicago was developing hot jazz and King
A8JdQjIW6_U-00804-00271769-00272100 Oliver joined Bill Johnson Bix
A8JdQjIW6_U-00805-00272101-00272408 Beiderbecke formed the Wolverines in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00806-00272409-00272639 1924
A8JdQjIW6_U-00807-00272640-00272954 despite its southern black origins there
A8JdQjIW6_U-00808-00272955-00273203 was a larger market for jazzy dance
A8JdQjIW6_U-00809-00273204-00273704 music played by white orchestras in 1918
A8JdQjIW6_U-00810-00273705-00274004 Paul Whiteman and his orchestra became a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00811-00274005-00274385 hit in San Francisco he signed a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00812-00274386-00274616 contract with Victor and became the top
A8JdQjIW6_U-00813-00274617-00275009 bandleader of the 1920s giving hot jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00814-00275010-00275309 a white component hiring white musicians
A8JdQjIW6_U-00815-00275310-00275585 such as Bix Beiderbecke Jimmy Dorsey
A8JdQjIW6_U-00816-00275586-00275957 Tommy Dorsey Frankie Trumbauer and Joe
A8JdQjIW6_U-00817-00275958-00276437 Venuti in 1924 Whiteman commissioned
A8JdQjIW6_U-00818-00276438-00276692 George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue
A8JdQjIW6_U-00819-00276693-00276994 which was premiered by his orchestra
A8JdQjIW6_U-00820-00276995-00277376 jazz began to be recognized as a notable
A8JdQjIW6_U-00821-00277377-00277775 musical form Olin Downes reviewing the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00822-00277776-00278099 concert in the new york times wrote this
A8JdQjIW6_U-00823-00278100-00278453 composition shows extraordinary talent
A8JdQjIW6_U-00824-00278454-00278744 as it shows a young composer with aims
A8JdQjIW6_U-00825-00278745-00279050 that go far beyond those of his ilk
A8JdQjIW6_U-00826-00279051-00279329 struggling with a form of which he is
A8JdQjIW6_U-00827-00279330-00279724 far from being master
A8JdQjIW6_U-00828-00279725-00280048 in spite of all this he has expressed
A8JdQjIW6_U-00829-00280049-00280351 himself in a significant and on the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00830-00280352-00280795 whole highly original form
A8JdQjIW6_U-00831-00280796-00281148 his first theme
A8JdQjIW6_U-00832-00281149-00281580 is no mere dance tune
A8JdQjIW6_U-00833-00281581-00281921 it is an idea or several ideas
A8JdQjIW6_U-00834-00281922-00282255 correlated and combined in varying and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00835-00282256-00282504 contrasting rhythms that immediately
A8JdQjIW6_U-00836-00282505-00282909 intrigued the listener after white men's
A8JdQjIW6_U-00837-00282910-00283233 band successfully toured Europe huge hot
A8JdQjIW6_U-00838-00283234-00283515 jazz orchestras in theater pits caught
A8JdQjIW6_U-00839-00283516-00283764 on with other whites including Fred
A8JdQjIW6_U-00840-00283765-00284064 Waring gene gold kit and nathaniel
A8JdQjIW6_U-00841-00284065-00284469 shilkret according to Mario Dunkel white
A8JdQjIW6_U-00842-00284470-00284802 men's success was based on a rhetoric of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00843-00284803-00285156 domestication according to which he had
A8JdQjIW6_U-00844-00285157-00285504 elevated and rendered valuable red white
A8JdQjIW6_U-00845-00285505-00286023 a previously inchoate red black kind of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00846-00286024-00286228 music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00847-00286229-00286474 white men's success caused blacks to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00848-00286475-00286763 follow suit including Earl Hines who
A8JdQjIW6_U-00849-00286764-00287015 opened in the Grand Terrace Cafe in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00850-00287016-00287395 Chicago in 1928 Duke Ellington who
A8JdQjIW6_U-00851-00287396-00287689 opened at the Cotton Club in Harlem in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00852-00287690-00288070 1927 Lionel Hampton Fletcher Henderson
A8JdQjIW6_U-00853-00288071-00288370 Claude Hopkins and Don Redman with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00854-00288371-00288628 Henderson and Redman developing the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00855-00288629-00289134 talking to one another formula for hot
A8JdQjIW6_U-00856-00289135-00289606 swing music in 1924 Louis Armstrong
A8JdQjIW6_U-00857-00289607-00289885 joined the Fletcher Henderson dance band
A8JdQjIW6_U-00858-00289886-00290272 for a year as featured soloist the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00859-00290273-00290513 original New Orleans style was
A8JdQjIW6_U-00860-00290514-00290796 polyphonic with theme variation and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00861-00290797-00291147 simultaneous collective improvisation
A8JdQjIW6_U-00862-00291148-00291451 Armstrong was a master of his hometown
A8JdQjIW6_U-00863-00291452-00291697 style but by the time he joined
A8JdQjIW6_U-00864-00291698-00291934 Henderson's band he was already a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00865-00291935-00292258 trailblazer in a new phase of jazz with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00866-00292259-00292468 its emphasis on arrangements and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00867-00292469-00292882 soloists Armstrong solos went well
A8JdQjIW6_U-00868-00292883-00293167 beyond the theme improvisation concept
A8JdQjIW6_U-00869-00293168-00293446 and extemporized on court rather than
A8JdQjIW6_U-00870-00293447-00293816 melodies according to Schuler by
A8JdQjIW6_U-00871-00293817-00294121 comparison the solos by Armstrong's
A8JdQjIW6_U-00872-00294122-00294409 bandmates including a young Coleman
A8JdQjIW6_U-00873-00294410-00294934 Hawkins sounded stiff stodgy with jerky
A8JdQjIW6_U-00874-00294935-00295243 rhythms and a gray undistinguished tone
A8JdQjIW6_U-00875-00295244-00295621 quality the following example shows a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00876-00295622-00295905 short excerpt of the straight melody of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00877-00295906-00296377 Mandy make up your mind by George W
A8JdQjIW6_U-00878-00296378-00296710 Mayer and Arthur Johnston top compared
A8JdQjIW6_U-00879-00296711-00297046 with Armstrong solo improvisations below
A8JdQjIW6_U-00880-00297047-00297587 recorded 1924 Armstrong solos were a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00881-00297588-00297919 significant factor in making jazz a true
A8JdQjIW6_U-00882-00297920-00298216 twentieth-century language
A8JdQjIW6_U-00883-00298217-00298423 after leaving Henderson's group
A8JdQjIW6_U-00884-00298424-00298765 Armstrong formed his hot five band where
A8JdQjIW6_U-00885-00298766-00299508 he popularized scat singing
A8JdQjIW6_U-00886-00299509-00300380 topic swing in the 1920s and 1930s
A8JdQjIW6_U-00887-00300381-00300785 the 1930s belonged to popular swing big
A8JdQjIW6_U-00888-00300786-00301133 bands in which some virtuoso soloists
A8JdQjIW6_U-00889-00301134-00301541 became as famous as the band leaders key
A8JdQjIW6_U-00890-00301542-00301985 figures in developing the big jazz band
A8JdQjIW6_U-00891-00301986-00302234 included band leaders and arrangers
A8JdQjIW6_U-00892-00302235-00302585 Count Basie Cab Calloway Jimmy and Tommy
A8JdQjIW6_U-00893-00302586-00302894 Dorsey Duke Ellington Benny Goodman
A8JdQjIW6_U-00894-00302895-00303182 Fletcher Henderson Earl Hines Harry
A8JdQjIW6_U-00895-00303183-00303491 James Jimmy lunch afford Glenn Miller
A8JdQjIW6_U-00896-00303492-00303800 and Artie Shaw although it was a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00897-00303801-00304085 collective sound swing also offered
A8JdQjIW6_U-00898-00304086-00304537 individual musicians a chance to solo an
A8JdQjIW6_U-00899-00304538-00304898 improvised melodic thematic solos which
A8JdQjIW6_U-00900-00304899-00305266 could at times be complex important
A8JdQjIW6_U-00901-00305267-00305489 music
A8JdQjIW6_U-00902-00305490-00305795 over time social strictures regarding
A8JdQjIW6_U-00903-00305796-00306089 racial segregation began to relax in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00904-00306090-00306365 America white band leaders began to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00905-00306366-00306641 recruit black musicians and black band
A8JdQjIW6_U-00906-00306642-00307033 leaders white ones in the mid 1930s
A8JdQjIW6_U-00907-00307034-00307402 Benny Goodman hired pianist Teddy Wilson
A8JdQjIW6_U-00908-00307403-00307664 vibraphonist Lionel Hampton and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00909-00307665-00307910 guitarist Charlie Christian to join
A8JdQjIW6_U-00910-00307911-00308396 small groups in the 1930s Kansas City
A8JdQjIW6_U-00911-00308397-00308756 jazz as exemplified by tenor saxophonist
A8JdQjIW6_U-00912-00308757-00309005 Lester young marked the transition from
A8JdQjIW6_U-00913-00309006-00309331 big bands to the bebop influence of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00914-00309332-00309880 1940s in early 1940s style known as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00915-00309881-00310301 jumpin the blues or jump blues used
A8JdQjIW6_U-00916-00310302-00310631 small combos up tempo music and blues
A8JdQjIW6_U-00917-00310632-00310916 chord progressions drawing on boogie
A8JdQjIW6_U-00918-00310917-00311668 woogie from the 1930s
A8JdQjIW6_U-00919-00311669-00312391 topic the influence of Duke Ellington
A8JdQjIW6_U-00920-00312392-00312646 while swing was reaching the height of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00921-00312647-00312943 its popularity Duke Ellington spent the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00922-00312944-00313348 late 1920s and 1930s developing an
A8JdQjIW6_U-00923-00313349-00313575 innovative musical idiom for his
A8JdQjIW6_U-00924-00313576-00313942 orchestra abandoning the conventions of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00925-00313943-00314200 Swing he experimented with orchestral
A8JdQjIW6_U-00926-00314201-00314535 sounds harmony and musical form with
A8JdQjIW6_U-00927-00314536-00314767 complex compositions that still
A8JdQjIW6_U-00928-00314768-00315015 translated well for popular audiences
A8JdQjIW6_U-00929-00315016-00315384 some of his Tunes became hit and his own
A8JdQjIW6_U-00930-00315385-00315643 popularity spanned from the United
A8JdQjIW6_U-00931-00315644-00315759 States to Europe
A8JdQjIW6_U-00932-00315760-00316090 Ellington called his music American
A8JdQjIW6_U-00933-00316091-00316431 music rather than jazz and liked to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00934-00316432-00316666 describe those who impressed him as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00935-00316667-00317095 beyond category these included many
A8JdQjIW6_U-00936-00317096-00317368 musicians from his orchestra some of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00937-00317369-00317593 whom are considered among the best in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00938-00317594-00317835 jazz in their own right but it was
A8JdQjIW6_U-00939-00317836-00318078 Ellington who melded them into one of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00940-00318079-00318343 the most popular jazz orchestras in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00941-00318344-00318769 history of jazz he often composed for
A8JdQjIW6_U-00942-00318770-00318954 the style and skills of these
A8JdQjIW6_U-00943-00318955-00319423 individuals such as jeeps blues for
A8JdQjIW6_U-00944-00319424-00319860 Johnny Hodges concerto for kudi for
A8JdQjIW6_U-00945-00319861-00320208 cootie Williams which later became do
A8JdQjIW6_U-00946-00320209-00320596 nothing till you hear from me with Bob
A8JdQjIW6_U-00947-00320597-00320982 Russell's lyrics and the mooch for
A8JdQjIW6_U-00948-00320983-00321337 tricky Sam nantan and Bubber Miley he
A8JdQjIW6_U-00949-00321338-00321640 also recorded songs written by his bands
A8JdQjIW6_U-00950-00321641-00322106 Minh such as want isil's Caravan and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00951-00322107-00322581 perdido which brought the Spanish tinge
A8JdQjIW6_U-00952-00322582-00322856 to big-band jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00953-00322857-00323119 several members of the orchestra
A8JdQjIW6_U-00954-00323120-00323341 remained with him for several decades
A8JdQjIW6_U-00955-00323342-00323724 the band reached a creative peak in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00956-00323725-00324078 early 1940s when Ellington and a small
A8JdQjIW6_U-00957-00324079-00324351 hand-picked group of his composers and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00958-00324352-00324571 arrangers wrote for an orchestra of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00959-00324572-00324807 distinctive voices who displayed
A8JdQjIW6_U-00960-00324808-00325499 tremendous creativity
A8JdQjIW6_U-00961-00325500-00326206 topic beginnings of European jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-00962-00326207-00326500 as only a limited number of American
A8JdQjIW6_U-00963-00326501-00326752 jazz records were released in Europe
A8JdQjIW6_U-00964-00326753-00327064 European jazz traces many of its roots
A8JdQjIW6_U-00965-00327065-00327367 to American artists such as James Reese
A8JdQjIW6_U-00966-00327368-00327634 Europe Paul Whiteman and Lonnie Johnson
A8JdQjIW6_U-00967-00327635-00327916 who visited Europe during and after
A8JdQjIW6_U-00968-00327917-00328236 World War one it was their live
A8JdQjIW6_U-00969-00328237-00328516 performances which inspired European
A8JdQjIW6_U-00970-00328517-00328828 audiences interest in jazz as well as
A8JdQjIW6_U-00971-00328829-00329101 the interest in all things American and
A8JdQjIW6_U-00972-00329102-00329371 therefore exotic which accompanied the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00973-00329372-00329650 economic and political woes of Europe
A8JdQjIW6_U-00974-00329651-00329995 during this time the beginnings of a
A8JdQjIW6_U-00975-00329996-00330349 distinct European style of jazz began to
A8JdQjIW6_U-00976-00330350-00330683 emerge in this interwar period
A8JdQjIW6_U-00977-00330684-00331007 British jazz began with a tour by the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00978-00331008-00331606 original Dixieland jazz band in 1919 in
A8JdQjIW6_U-00979-00331607-00331964 1926 Fred elizalde and his Cambridge
A8JdQjIW6_U-00980-00331965-00332246 undergraduate began broadcasting on the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00981-00332247-00332717 BBC thereafter jazz became an important
A8JdQjIW6_U-00982-00332718-00332999 element in many leading dance orchestras
A8JdQjIW6_U-00983-00333000-00333236 and jazz instrumentalists became
A8JdQjIW6_U-00984-00333237-00333533 numerous this style entered full swing
A8JdQjIW6_U-00985-00333534-00333824 in France with the quintet du haut Club
A8JdQjIW6_U-00986-00333825-00334340 de France which began in 1934 much of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00987-00334341-00334616 this French jazz was a combination of
A8JdQjIW6_U-00988-00334617-00334919 African American jazz and the symphonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-00989-00334920-00335174 styles in which French musicians were
A8JdQjIW6_U-00990-00335175-00335492 well trained in this it is easy to see
A8JdQjIW6_U-00991-00335493-00335774 the inspiration taken from Paul Whiteman
A8JdQjIW6_U-00992-00335775-00336062 since his style was also a fusion of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-00993-00336063-00336467 two Belgian guitarists Django Reinhardt
A8JdQjIW6_U-00994-00336468-00336905 popularized gypsy jazz a mix of 1930s
A8JdQjIW6_U-00995-00336906-00337354 American swing French dancehall music an
A8JdQjIW6_U-00996-00337355-00337670 Eastern European folk with a languid
A8JdQjIW6_U-00997-00337671-00337964 seductive feel the main instruments were
A8JdQjIW6_U-00998-00337965-00338306 steel-stringed guitar violin and double
A8JdQjIW6_U-00999-00338307-00338672 bass solos passed from one player to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01000-00338673-00338984 another as guitar and bass formed the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01001-00338985-00339293 rhythm section some researchers believe
A8JdQjIW6_U-01002-00339294-00339644 Eddie Lang and Joe venuti pioneered the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01003-00339645-00339950 guitar violin partnership characteristic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01004-00339951-00340199 of the genre which was brought to France
A8JdQjIW6_U-01005-00340200-00340520 after they had been heard live or on ok
A8JdQjIW6_U-01006-00340521-00341331 records in the late 1920s
A8JdQjIW6_U-01007-00341332-00341974 topic postwar jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01008-00341975-00342304 the outbreak of World War two marked a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01009-00342305-00342673 turning point for jazz the swing era
A8JdQjIW6_U-01010-00342674-00342919 jazz of the previous decade had
A8JdQjIW6_U-01011-00342920-00343180 challenged other popular music as being
A8JdQjIW6_U-01012-00343181-00343429 representative of the nation's culture
A8JdQjIW6_U-01013-00343430-00343675 with big bands reaching the height of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01014-00343676-00343993 the styles success by the early 1940s
A8JdQjIW6_U-01015-00343994-00344326 swing acts and big bands traveled with
A8JdQjIW6_U-01016-00344327-00344662 US military overseas to Europe where it
A8JdQjIW6_U-01017-00344663-00345088 also became popular stateside however
A8JdQjIW6_U-01018-00345089-00345364 the war presented difficulties for the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01019-00345365-00345649 big band format conscription shortened
A8JdQjIW6_U-01020-00345650-00345889 the number of musicians available
A8JdQjIW6_U-01021-00345890-00346168 the military's need for shellac commonly
A8JdQjIW6_U-01022-00346169-00346420 used for pressing gramophone records
A8JdQjIW6_U-01023-00346421-00346705 limited record production a shortage of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01024-00346706-00346938 rubber also due to the war effort
A8JdQjIW6_U-01025-00346939-00347235 discouraged bands from touring via road
A8JdQjIW6_U-01026-00347236-00347508 travel and a demand by the Musicians
A8JdQjIW6_U-01027-00347509-00347760 Union for a commercial recording ban
A8JdQjIW6_U-01028-00347761-00348135 Limited music distribution between 1942
A8JdQjIW6_U-01029-00348136-00348562 and 1944 many of the big bands who were
A8JdQjIW6_U-01030-00348563-00348807 deprived of experienced musicians
A8JdQjIW6_U-01031-00348808-00349054 because of the war effort began to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01032-00349055-00349282 enlist young players who were below the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01033-00349283-00349560 age for conscription as was the case
A8JdQjIW6_U-01034-00349561-00349888 with saxophonist Stan Getz his entry in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01035-00349889-00350287 a band as a teenager this coincided with
A8JdQjIW6_U-01036-00350288-00350581 a nationwide resurgence in the Dixieland
A8JdQjIW6_U-01037-00350582-00350923 style of pre swing jazz performers such
A8JdQjIW6_U-01038-00350924-00351205 as clarinetist George Lewis cornetist
A8JdQjIW6_U-01039-00351206-00351550 Bill Davison and trombonist Turk Murphy
A8JdQjIW6_U-01040-00351551-00351826 were hailed by conservative jazz critics
A8JdQjIW6_U-01041-00351827-00352146 as more authentic than the big bands
A8JdQjIW6_U-01042-00352147-00352417 elsewhere with the limitations on
A8JdQjIW6_U-01043-00352418-00352645 recording small groups of young
A8JdQjIW6_U-01044-00352646-00352950 musicians developed a more up-tempo
A8JdQjIW6_U-01045-00352951-00353196 improvisational style of jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01046-00353197-00353437 collaborating and experimenting with new
A8JdQjIW6_U-01047-00353438-00353755 ideas for melodic development rhythmic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01048-00353756-00354016 language and harmonic substitution
A8JdQjIW6_U-01049-00354017-00354331 during informal late-night jam sessions
A8JdQjIW6_U-01050-00354332-00354739 hosted in small clubs and apartments key
A8JdQjIW6_U-01051-00354740-00355003 figures in this development were largely
A8JdQjIW6_U-01052-00355004-00355306 based in New York and included pianists
A8JdQjIW6_U-01053-00355307-00355351 the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01054-00355352-00355642 Gnaeus monk and Bud Powell drummers Max
A8JdQjIW6_U-01055-00355643-00355918 Roach and Kenny Clark saxophonist
A8JdQjIW6_U-01056-00355919-00356173 Charlie Parker and trumpeter Dizzy
A8JdQjIW6_U-01057-00356174-00356485 Gillespie this musical development
A8JdQjIW6_U-01058-00356486-00356800 became known as bebop bebop and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01059-00356801-00357088 subsequent post-war jazz developments
A8JdQjIW6_U-01060-00357089-00357370 featured a wider set of notes played in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01061-00357371-00357628 more complex patterns and at faster
A8JdQjIW6_U-01062-00357629-00358027 tempos than previous jazz according to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01063-00358028-00358408 Clive James bebop was the post-war
A8JdQjIW6_U-01064-00358409-00358699 musical development which tried to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01065-00358700-00359014 ensure that jazz would no longer be the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01066-00359015-00359450 spontaneous sound of joy
A8JdQjIW6_U-01067-00359451-00359780 students of race relations in America
A8JdQjIW6_U-01068-00359781-00360089 are generally agreed that the exponents
A8JdQjIW6_U-01069-00360090-00360386 of post-war jazz were determined with
A8JdQjIW6_U-01070-00360387-00360701 good reason to present themselves as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01071-00360702-00360976 challenging artists rather than tame
A8JdQjIW6_U-01072-00360977-00361423 entertainers the end of the war marked a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01073-00361424-00361760 revival of the spirit of experimentation
A8JdQjIW6_U-01074-00361761-00362105 and musical pluralism under which it had
A8JdQjIW6_U-01075-00362106-00362588 been conceived along with the beginning
A8JdQjIW6_U-01076-00362589-00362927 of a decline in the popularity of jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01077-00362928-00363205 music in America
A8JdQjIW6_U-01078-00363206-00363535 according to American academic Michael H
A8JdQjIW6_U-01079-00363536-00363820 Burchett with the rise of bebop in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01080-00363821-00364081 end of the swing era after the war
A8JdQjIW6_U-01081-00364082-00364458 jazz lost its cachet as pop music
A8JdQjIW6_U-01082-00364459-00364771 vocalists of the famous big bands moved
A8JdQjIW6_U-01083-00364772-00365044 on to being marketed and performing as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01084-00365045-00365213 solo pop singers
A8JdQjIW6_U-01085-00365214-00365503 these included Frank Sinatra Peggy Lee
A8JdQjIW6_U-01086-00365504-00365893 Dick Haymes and Doris Day older
A8JdQjIW6_U-01087-00365894-00366124 musicians who still performed their
A8JdQjIW6_U-01088-00366125-00366416 pre-war jazz such as Armstrong and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01089-00366417-00366668 Ellington were gradually viewed in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01090-00366669-00367003 mainstream as passe other younger
A8JdQjIW6_U-01091-00367004-00367282 performers such as singer Big Joe Turner
A8JdQjIW6_U-01092-00367283-00367609 and saxophonist Louis Jourdan who were
A8JdQjIW6_U-01093-00367610-00367855 discouraged by Bebop's increasing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01094-00367856-00368068 complexity pursued more lucrative
A8JdQjIW6_U-01095-00368069-00368404 endeavors in rhythm and blues jump blues
A8JdQjIW6_U-01096-00368405-00368785 and eventually rock and roll some
A8JdQjIW6_U-01097-00368786-00369103 including Gillespie composed intricate
A8JdQjIW6_U-01098-00369104-00369373 yet danceable songs for bebop musicians
A8JdQjIW6_U-01099-00369374-00369595 in an effort to make them more
A8JdQjIW6_U-01100-00369596-00369922 accessible but bebop largely remained on
A8JdQjIW6_U-01101-00369923-00370159 the fringes of American audiences
A8JdQjIW6_U-01102-00370160-00370339 purview
A8JdQjIW6_U-01103-00370340-00370728 the new direction of post-war jazz drew
A8JdQjIW6_U-01104-00370729-00370996 a wealth of critical acclaim but it
A8JdQjIW6_U-01105-00370997-00371323 steadily declined in popularity as it
A8JdQjIW6_U-01106-00371324-00371585 developed a reputation as an academic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01107-00371586-00371947 genre that was largely inaccessible to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01108-00371948-00372442 mainstream audiences burchett said the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01109-00372443-00372745 quest to make jazz more relevant to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01110-00372746-00373039 popular audiences while retaining its
A8JdQjIW6_U-01111-00373040-00373377 artistic integrity is a constant and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01112-00373378-00373612 prevalent theme in the history of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01113-00373613-00373896 post-war jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01114-00373897-00374210 during its swing period jazz had been an
A8JdQjIW6_U-01115-00374211-00374510 uncomplicated musical scene according to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01116-00374511-00374814 Paul trinka this changed in the post-war
A8JdQjIW6_U-01117-00374815-00375227 years suddenly jazz was no longer
A8JdQjIW6_U-01118-00375228-00375576 straightforward there was bebop and its
A8JdQjIW6_U-01119-00375577-00375840 variants there was the last gasp of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01120-00375841-00376113 Swing there were strange new brews like
A8JdQjIW6_U-01121-00376114-00376404 the progressive jazz of Stan Kenton and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01122-00376405-00376650 there was a completely new phenomenon
A8JdQjIW6_U-01123-00376651-00376931 called revivalism the rediscovery of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01124-00376932-00377255 jazz from the past either on old records
A8JdQjIW6_U-01125-00377256-00377517 or performed live by aging players
A8JdQjIW6_U-01126-00377518-00377904 brought out of retirement from now on it
A8JdQjIW6_U-01127-00377905-00378162 was no good saying that you liked jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01128-00378163-00378551 you had to specify what kind of jazz and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01129-00378552-00378867 that is the way it has been ever since
A8JdQjIW6_U-01130-00378868-00379067 only more so
A8JdQjIW6_U-01131-00379068-00379446 today the word jazz is virtually
A8JdQjIW6_U-01132-00379447-00380211 meaningless without further definition
A8JdQjIW6_U-01133-00380212-00380722 topic bebop
A8JdQjIW6_U-01134-00380723-00381091 in the early 1940s bebop style
A8JdQjIW6_U-01135-00381092-00381381 performers began to shift jazz from
A8JdQjIW6_U-01136-00381382-00381657 danceable popular music toward a more
A8JdQjIW6_U-01137-00381658-00382096 challenging musicians music the most
A8JdQjIW6_U-01138-00382097-00382402 influential bebop musicians included
A8JdQjIW6_U-01139-00382403-00382726 saxophonist Charlie Parker pianists Bud
A8JdQjIW6_U-01140-00382727-00382990 Powell and Thelonious Monk trumpeters
A8JdQjIW6_U-01141-00382991-00383263 Dizzy Gillespie and Clifford Brown and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01142-00383264-00383674 drummer Max Roach divorcing itself from
A8JdQjIW6_U-01143-00383675-00383958 dance music bebop established itself
A8JdQjIW6_U-01144-00383959-00384154 more as an art form
A8JdQjIW6_U-01145-00384155-00384442 thus lessening its potential popular and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01146-00384443-00384679 commercial appeal
A8JdQjIW6_U-01147-00384680-00385183 composer Gunther Schuller wrote in 1 943
A8JdQjIW6_U-01148-00385184-00385514 I heard the great Earl Hines band which
A8JdQjIW6_U-01149-00385515-00385815 had bird in it and all those other great
A8JdQjIW6_U-01150-00385816-00386206 musicians they were playing all the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01151-00386207-00386479 flatted 5th chords and all the modern
A8JdQjIW6_U-01152-00386480-00386818 harmonies and substitutions and Dizzy
A8JdQjIW6_U-01153-00386819-00387094 Gillespie runs in the trumpet section
A8JdQjIW6_U-01154-00387095-00387517 work two years later I read that that
A8JdQjIW6_U-01155-00387518-00388112 was Bob and the beginning of modern jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01156-00388113-00388556 the band never made recordings Dizzy
A8JdQjIW6_U-01157-00388557-00388874 Gillespie wrote people talk about the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01158-00388875-00389207 Heinz band being the incubator of Bob
A8JdQjIW6_U-01159-00389208-00389516 and the leading exponents of that music
A8JdQjIW6_U-01160-00389517-00389936 ended up in the Heinz band but people
A8JdQjIW6_U-01161-00389937-00390215 also have the erroneous impression that
A8JdQjIW6_U-01162-00390216-00390716 the music was new it was not the music
A8JdQjIW6_U-01163-00390717-00391121 evolved from what went before it was the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01164-00391122-00391511 same basic music the difference was in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01165-00391512-00391984 how you got from here to here to here
A8JdQjIW6_U-01166-00391985-00392462 naturally each age has got its own
A8JdQjIW6_U-01167-00392463-00392741 since bebop was meant to be listened to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01168-00392742-00393199 not danced to it could use faster tempos
A8JdQjIW6_U-01169-00393200-00393509 drumming shifted to a more elusive and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01170-00393510-00393824 explosive style in which the ride cymbal
A8JdQjIW6_U-01171-00393825-00394085 was used to keep time while the snare
A8JdQjIW6_U-01172-00394086-00394487 and bass drum were used for accents this
A8JdQjIW6_U-01173-00394488-00394787 led to a highly syncopated music with a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01174-00394788-00395048 linear rhythmic complexity bebop
A8JdQjIW6_U-01175-00395049-00395321 musicians employed several harmonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01176-00395322-00395527 devices which were not previously
A8JdQjIW6_U-01177-00395528-00395858 typical in jazz engaging in a more
A8JdQjIW6_U-01178-00395859-00396109 abstracted form of chord based
A8JdQjIW6_U-01179-00396110-00396455 improvisation bebop scales are
A8JdQjIW6_U-01180-00396456-00396677 traditional scales with an added
A8JdQjIW6_U-01181-00396678-00397048 chromatic passing note bebop also uses
A8JdQjIW6_U-01182-00397049-00397451 passing chords substitute chords and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01183-00397452-00397808 altered chords new forms of chromaticism
A8JdQjIW6_U-01184-00397809-00398102 and dissonance were introduced into jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01185-00398103-00398456 and the dissonant tritone or flatted
A8JdQjIW6_U-01186-00398457-00398885 fifth interval became the most important
A8JdQjIW6_U-01187-00398886-00399272 interval of Bebop chord progressions for
A8JdQjIW6_U-01188-00399273-00399557 bebop tunes were often taken directly
A8JdQjIW6_U-01189-00399558-00399869 from popular swing era songs and reused
A8JdQjIW6_U-01190-00399870-00400139 with a new and more complex melody
A8JdQjIW6_U-01191-00400140-00400652 and/or reharmonization x' to form new
A8JdQjIW6_U-01192-00400653-00400901 compositions a practice which was
A8JdQjIW6_U-01193-00400902-00401186 already well established in earlier jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01194-00401187-00401459 but came to be central to the bebop
A8JdQjIW6_U-01195-00401460-00401819 style bebop made use of several
A8JdQjIW6_U-01196-00401820-00402083 relatively common chord progressions
A8JdQjIW6_U-01197-00402084-00402503 such as blues at bass I IV V but often
A8JdQjIW6_U-01198-00402504-00402791 infused with evie motion and rhythm
A8JdQjIW6_U-01199-00402792-00403214 changes IV e V the chords to the 1930s
A8JdQjIW6_U-01200-00403215-00403724 pop standard I got rhythm late bop also
A8JdQjIW6_U-01201-00403725-00403988 moved towards extended forms that
A8JdQjIW6_U-01202-00403989-00404249 represented a departure from pop and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01203-00404250-00404473 show tunes
A8JdQjIW6_U-01204-00404474-00404773 the harmonic development in bebop is
A8JdQjIW6_U-01205-00404774-00404991 often traced back to a moment
A8JdQjIW6_U-01206-00404992-00405256 experienced by Charlie Parker while
A8JdQjIW6_U-01207-00405257-00405664 performing Cherokee at Clarke Monroe's
A8JdQjIW6_U-01208-00405665-00406168 uptown house New York in early 1942 I'd
A8JdQjIW6_U-01209-00406169-00406485 been getting bored with the stereotyped
A8JdQjIW6_U-01210-00406486-00406937 changes that were being used
A8JdQjIW6_U-01211-00406938-00407204 dot and I kept thinking there's bound to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01212-00407205-00407369 be something else
A8JdQjIW6_U-01213-00407370-00407801 I could hear it sometimes I couldn't
A8JdQjIW6_U-01214-00407802-00408039 play it
A8JdQjIW6_U-01215-00408040-00408449 I was working over Cherokee and as I did
A8JdQjIW6_U-01216-00408450-00408704 I found that by using the higher
A8JdQjIW6_U-01217-00408705-00409001 intervals of a chord as a melody line
A8JdQjIW6_U-01218-00409002-00409232 and backing them with appropriately
A8JdQjIW6_U-01219-00409233-00409532 related changes I could play the thing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01220-00409533-00410051 I'd been hearing it came alive Gerhard
A8JdQjIW6_U-01221-00410052-00410303 cubic postulates that harmonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01222-00410304-00410580 development in bebop sprang from Blues
A8JdQjIW6_U-01223-00410581-00410895 and African related tonal sensibilities
A8JdQjIW6_U-01224-00410896-00411168 rather than 20th century western
A8JdQjIW6_U-01225-00411168-00411530 classical music auditory inclinations
A8JdQjIW6_U-01226-00411531-00411884 were the African legacy in Parker's life
A8JdQjIW6_U-01227-00411885-00412157 reconfirmed by the experience of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01228-00412158-00412476 Blues tonal system a sound world at odds
A8JdQjIW6_U-01229-00412477-00412714 with the Western diatonic chords
A8JdQjIW6_U-01230-00412715-00413147 categories bebop musicians eliminated
A8JdQjIW6_U-01231-00413148-00413403 western-style functional harmony in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01232-00413404-00413628 their music while retaining the strong
A8JdQjIW6_U-01233-00413629-00413945 central tonality of the blues as a basis
A8JdQjIW6_U-01234-00413946-00414195 for drawing upon various African
A8JdQjIW6_U-01235-00414196-00414297 matrices
A8JdQjIW6_U-01236-00414297-00414587 Samuel Floyd states that blues was both
A8JdQjIW6_U-01237-00414588-00414822 the bedrock and propelling force of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01238-00414822-00415082 Bebop bringing about a new harmonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01239-00415083-00415314 conception using extended chord
A8JdQjIW6_U-01240-00415314-00415541 structures that led to unprecedented
A8JdQjIW6_U-01241-00415542-00415889 harmonic and melodic variety a developed
A8JdQjIW6_U-01242-00415890-00416172 and even more highly syncopated linear
A8JdQjIW6_U-01243-00416172-00416405 rhythmic complexity and a melodic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01244-00416406-00416670 angularity in which the blue note of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01245-00416671-00416895 fifth degree was established as an
A8JdQjIW6_U-01246-00416896-00417176 important melodic harmonic device and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01247-00417177-00417428 re-establishment of the blues as the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01248-00417429-00417674 primary organizing and functional
A8JdQjIW6_U-01249-00417675-00418045 principle cubic wrote
A8JdQjIW6_U-01250-00418046-00418313 while for an outside observer the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01251-00418314-00418580 harmonic innovations in bebop would
A8JdQjIW6_U-01252-00418581-00418889 appear to be inspired by experiences in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01253-00418889-00419278 western serious music from Claude
A8JdQjIW6_U-01254-00419279-00419558 Debussy to Arnold Schoenberg such a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01255-00419559-00419810 scheme cannot be sustained by the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01256-00419810-00420079 evidence from a cognitive approach
A8JdQjIW6_U-01257-00420080-00420389 Claude Debussy did have some influence
A8JdQjIW6_U-01258-00420389-00420718 on jazz for example on Bix Beiderbecke
A8JdQjIW6_U-01259-00420719-00421106 Spee anno playing and it is also true
A8JdQjIW6_U-01260-00421107-00421367 that Duke Ellington adopted and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01261-00421368-00421643 reinterpreted some harmonic devices in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01262-00421643-00422060 European contemporary music West Coast
A8JdQjIW6_U-01263-00422060-00422347 jazz would run into such debts as would
A8JdQjIW6_U-01264-00422348-00422702 several forms of cool jazz but bebop has
A8JdQjIW6_U-01265-00422703-00422978 hardly any such debts in the sense of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01266-00422979-00423367 direct borrowings on the contrary
A8JdQjIW6_U-01267-00423368-00423629 ideologically bebop was a strong
A8JdQjIW6_U-01268-00423630-00423893 statement of rejection of any kind of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01269-00423893-00424151 eclecticism propelled by a desire to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01270-00424152-00424549 activate something deeply buried in self
A8JdQjIW6_U-01271-00424550-00424939 bebop then revived tonal harmonic ideas
A8JdQjIW6_U-01272-00424941-00425155 transmitted through the Blues and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01273-00425156-00425429 reconstructed and expanded others in a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01274-00425430-00425764 basically non-western harmonic approach
A8JdQjIW6_U-01275-00425764-00426122 the ultimate significance of all this as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01276-00426122-00426412 that the experiment in jazz during the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01277-00426413-00426743 1940s brought back to African American
A8JdQjIW6_U-01278-00426743-00427025 music several structural principles and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01279-00427026-00427396 techniques rooted in African traditions
A8JdQjIW6_U-01280-00427397-00427639 these divergences from the jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01281-00427640-00427918 mainstream of the time Mehta divided
A8JdQjIW6_U-01282-00427919-00428212 sometimes hostile response among fans
A8JdQjIW6_U-01283-00428213-00428512 and musicians especially swing players
A8JdQjIW6_U-01284-00428513-00428829 who bristled at the new harmonic sounds
A8JdQjIW6_U-01285-00428830-00429202 two hostile critics bebop seemed filled
A8JdQjIW6_U-01286-00429203-00429679 with racing nervous phrases but despite
A8JdQjIW6_U-01287-00429680-00430033 the friction by the 1950s bebop had
A8JdQjIW6_U-01288-00430034-00430269 become an accepted part of the Jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01289-00430270-00430899 vocabulary
A8JdQjIW6_U-01290-00430900-00432043 topic afro-cuban jazz see you Bob
A8JdQjIW6_U-01291-00432044-00432709 topic machito and mario bauzá
A8JdQjIW6_U-01292-00432710-00432982 the general consensus among musicians
A8JdQjIW6_U-01293-00432983-00433279 and musicologist says that the first
A8JdQjIW6_U-01294-00433280-00433597 original jazz piece to be overtly based
A8JdQjIW6_U-01295-00433597-00434191 in clave a was tanga 1943 composed by
A8JdQjIW6_U-01296-00434192-00434518 cuban-born mario bauzá and recorded by
A8JdQjIW6_U-01297-00434518-00434860 machito and his afro-cubans in new york
A8JdQjIW6_U-01298-00434860-00434929 city
A8JdQjIW6_U-01299-00434930-00435352 tanga began as a spontaneous descarga
A8JdQjIW6_U-01300-00435353-00435667 cuban jam session with jazz solos
A8JdQjIW6_U-01301-00435668-00435976 superimposed on top this was the birth
A8JdQjIW6_U-01302-00435977-00436414 of afro-cuban jazz the use of claw they
A8JdQjIW6_U-01303-00436414-00436675 brought the African timeline or key
A8JdQjIW6_U-01304-00436676-00437107 pattern into jazz music organized around
A8JdQjIW6_U-01305-00437108-00437455 key patterns convey a 2 celled binary
A8JdQjIW6_U-01306-00437456-00437755 structure which is a complex level of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01307-00437756-00438139 African cross rhythm within the context
A8JdQjIW6_U-01308-00438139-00438235 of jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01309-00438235-00438535 however harmony as the primary referent
A8JdQjIW6_U-01310-00438535-00438913 not rhythm the harmonic progression can
A8JdQjIW6_U-01311-00438914-00439197 begin on either side of clave a and the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01312-00439199-00439624 harmonic one is always understood to be
A8JdQjIW6_U-01313-00439625-00440152 1 if the progression begins on the 3
A8JdQjIW6_U-01314-00440153-00440545 side of clave a it is said to be in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01315-00440546-00440964 three two two clave a shown below if the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01316-00440966-00441379 progression begins on the two side it's
A8JdQjIW6_U-01317-00441380-00442064 in two to three clave a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01318-00442065-00442800 topic Dizzy Gillespie and Chano Pozo
A8JdQjIW6_U-01319-00442801-00443160 Mario Bauza introduced bebop innovator
A8JdQjIW6_U-01320-00443160-00443454 dizzy gillespie to cuban conga drummer
A8JdQjIW6_U-01321-00443455-00443885 and composer Chano Pozo Gillespie and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01322-00443887-00444216 Pozos brief collaboration produced some
A8JdQjIW6_U-01323-00444217-00444476 of the most enduring afro-cuban jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01324-00444477-00444847 standards Manteca
A8JdQjIW6_U-01325-00444848-00445197 1947 is the first jazz standard to be
A8JdQjIW6_U-01326-00445197-00445578 rhythmically based on clave a according
A8JdQjIW6_U-01327-00445579-00445880 to Gillespie Pozzo composed the layered
A8JdQjIW6_U-01328-00445881-00446175 contrapuntal guajillos afro-cuban
A8JdQjIW6_U-01329-00446176-00446427 ostinatos of the a section and the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01330-00446428-00446688 introduction while Gillespie wrote the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01331-00446689-00446774 bridge
A8JdQjIW6_U-01332-00446775-00447156 Gillespie recounted if I'd let it go
A8JdQjIW6_U-01333-00447157-00447443 like Chano wanted it it would have been
A8JdQjIW6_U-01334-00447445-00447924 strictly afro-cuban all the way there
A8JdQjIW6_U-01335-00447925-00448227 wouldn't have been a bridge i thought i
A8JdQjIW6_U-01336-00448228-00448710 was writing an 8 bar bridge but
A8JdQjIW6_U-01337-00448712-00449050 I had to keep going and ended up writing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01338-00449051-00449671 a 16-bar bridge the bridge gave Manteca
A8JdQjIW6_U-01339-00449672-00449997 a typical jazz harmonic structure
A8JdQjIW6_U-01340-00449999-00450259 setting the piece apart from Bowser's
A8JdQjIW6_U-01341-00450260-00450785 modal tanga of a few years earlier
A8JdQjIW6_U-01342-00450787-00451057 Gillespie's collaboration with Pozzo
A8JdQjIW6_U-01343-00451058-00451378 brought specific African based rhythms
A8JdQjIW6_U-01344-00451379-00451501 into Bebop
A8JdQjIW6_U-01345-00451502-00451793 while pushing the boundaries of harmonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01346-00451795-00452149 improvisation see you Bob also drew from
A8JdQjIW6_U-01347-00452150-00452514 African rhythm jazz arrangements with a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01348-00452516-00452806 Latin a section in a swung B section
A8JdQjIW6_U-01349-00452807-00453091 with all choruses swung during solos
A8JdQjIW6_U-01350-00453092-00453412 became common practice with many Latin
A8JdQjIW6_U-01351-00453413-00453705 tunes of the jazz standard repertoire
A8JdQjIW6_U-01352-00453706-00454289 this approach can be heard on pre-1982
A8JdQjIW6_U-01353-00454291-00454876 antica a night in Tunisia tin tin deo
A8JdQjIW6_U-01354-00454877-00455768 end on Green Dolphin Street
A8JdQjIW6_U-01355-00455769-00456070 topic African cross-rhythm
A8JdQjIW6_U-01356-00456071-00456378 [Music]
A8JdQjIW6_U-01357-00456379-00456674 Cuban percussionist Santamaria
A8JdQjIW6_U-01358-00456675-00457107 first recorded his composition afro blue
A8JdQjIW6_U-01359-00457108-00457510 in 1959
A8JdQjIW6_U-01360-00457510-00457942 afro blue was the first jazz standard
A8JdQjIW6_U-01361-00457943-00458263 built upon a typical African 3 against 2
A8JdQjIW6_U-01362-00458264-00458770 3 2 2 cross rhythm or hemiola the song
A8JdQjIW6_U-01363-00458771-00459037 begins with the bass repeatedly playing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01364-00459038-00459472 6 cross beats per each measure of 128 or
A8JdQjIW6_U-01365-00459472-00459972 6 cross beats per 4 main beats 6 2 4 2
A8JdQjIW6_U-01366-00459974-00460281 cells of 3 to 2
A8JdQjIW6_U-01367-00460282-00460575 the following example shows the original
A8JdQjIW6_U-01368-00460576-00461151 ostinato afro blue baseline the cross
A8JdQjIW6_U-01369-00461152-00461442 note heads indicate the main beat not
A8JdQjIW6_U-01370-00461443-00461667 bass notes
A8JdQjIW6_U-01371-00461668-00462230 when john coltrane covered afro blue in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01372-00462231-00462585 1963 he inverted the metric hierarchy
A8JdQjIW6_U-01373-00462585-00462960 interpreting the tune as a 34 jazz waltz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01374-00462960-00463229 with duple cross beats superimposed
A8JdQjIW6_U-01375-00463230-00463607 two-to-three originally a b-flat
A8JdQjIW6_U-01376-00463608-00463938 pentatonic blues Coltrane expanded the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01377-00463939-00464454 harmonic structure of afro blue perhaps
A8JdQjIW6_U-01378-00464455-00464814 the most respected afro-cuban jazz combo
A8JdQjIW6_U-01379-00464814-00465195 of the late 1950s was vibraphonist Cal
A8JdQjIW6_U-01380-00465196-00465564 Tjader x' band Tjader had
A8JdQjIW6_U-01381-00465564-00465897 Santamaria Armando Peraza and Willie
A8JdQjIW6_U-01382-00465897-00466691 Bobo on his early recording dates
A8JdQjIW6_U-01383-00466692-00467308 topic dixieland revival
A8JdQjIW6_U-01384-00467309-00467716 in the late 1940s there was a revival of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01385-00467717-00467933 Dixieland parking back to the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01386-00467934-00468326 contrapuntal new orleans style this was
A8JdQjIW6_U-01387-00468327-00468616 driven in large part by record company
A8JdQjIW6_U-01388-00468617-00468931 reissues of jazz classics by the Oliver
A8JdQjIW6_U-01389-00468932-00469362 Morgan and Armstrong bands of the 1930s
A8JdQjIW6_U-01390-00469363-00469616 there were two types of musicians
A8JdQjIW6_U-01391-00469617-00469943 involved in the revival the first group
A8JdQjIW6_U-01392-00469943-00470191 was made up of those who had begun their
A8JdQjIW6_U-01393-00470192-00470435 careers playing in the traditional style
A8JdQjIW6_U-01394-00470435-00470699 and were returning to it or continuing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01395-00470700-00470900 what they had been playing all along
A8JdQjIW6_U-01396-00470901-00471235 such as Bob Crosby's Bobcats max
A8JdQjIW6_U-01397-00471236-00471541 Kaminsky Eddie Condon and Wild Bill
A8JdQjIW6_U-01398-00471542-00471905 Davison most of these players were
A8JdQjIW6_U-01399-00471906-00472168 originally Midwesterners although there
A8JdQjIW6_U-01400-00472169-00472381 were a small number of New Orleans
A8JdQjIW6_U-01401-00472382-00472787 musicians involved the second group of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01402-00472788-00473024 revivalists consisted of younger
A8JdQjIW6_U-01403-00473025-00473276 musicians such as those in the lou
A8JdQjIW6_U-01404-00473277-00473585 waters band Conrad Janis and Ward
A8JdQjIW6_U-01405-00473585-00474028 Kimball and his firehouse 5+2 jazz band
A8JdQjIW6_U-01406-00474029-00474455 by the late 1940s Louis Armstrong's
A8JdQjIW6_U-01407-00474456-00474826 all-stars band became a leading ensemble
A8JdQjIW6_U-01408-00474827-00475250 through the 1950s and 1960s
A8JdQjIW6_U-01409-00475251-00475445 Dixieland was one of the most
A8JdQjIW6_U-01410-00475446-00475745 commercially popular jazz styles in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01411-00475746-00476047 US Europe and Japan although critics
A8JdQjIW6_U-01412-00476048-00476772 paid little attention to it
A8JdQjIW6_U-01413-00476773-00477310 topic hard Bob
A8JdQjIW6_U-01414-00477311-00477772 hard bop as an extension of bebop or bop
A8JdQjIW6_U-01415-00477772-00478108 music which incorporates influences from
A8JdQjIW6_U-01416-00478109-00478370 blues rhythm and blues and gospel
A8JdQjIW6_U-01417-00478371-00478643 especially in saxophone and piano
A8JdQjIW6_U-01418-00478643-00479085 playing hard bop was developed in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01419-00479086-00479705 mid-1950s coalescing in 1953 and 1954 it
A8JdQjIW6_U-01420-00479706-00479966 developed partly in response to the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01421-00479967-00480314 vogue for cool jazz in the early 1950s
A8JdQjIW6_U-01422-00480314-00480587 and paralleled the rise of rhythm and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01423-00480588-00481145 blues Miles Davis's 1954 performance of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01424-00481146-00481505 walkin at the first Newport Jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01425-00481506-00481799 Festival announced the style to the jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01426-00481800-00482177 world the quintet Art Blakey and the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01427-00482178-00482456 Jazz Messengers led by Blakey and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01428-00482457-00482708 featuring pianist Horace silver and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01429-00482709-00482983 trumpeter Clifford Brown were leaders in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01430-00482984-00483747 the hard bop movement with Davis
A8JdQjIW6_U-01431-00483747-00484335 topic modal jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01432-00484336-00484675 modal jazz as a development which began
A8JdQjIW6_U-01433-00484676-00485010 in the later 1950s which takes the mode
A8JdQjIW6_U-01434-00485011-00485380 or musical scale as the basis of musical
A8JdQjIW6_U-01435-00485381-00485776 structure and improvisation previously a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01436-00485777-00486082 solo was meant to fit into a given chord
A8JdQjIW6_U-01437-00486083-00486372 progression but with modal jazz the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01438-00486373-00486691 soloist creates a melody using one or a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01439-00486692-00487108 small number of modes the emphasis as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01440-00487109-00487391 thus shifted from harmony to melody
A8JdQjIW6_U-01441-00487392-00487710 historically this caused a seismic shift
A8JdQjIW6_U-01442-00487711-00488093 among jazz musicians away from thinking
A8JdQjIW6_U-01443-00488094-00488416 vertically the chord and towards a more
A8JdQjIW6_U-01444-00488417-00488789 horizontal approach the scale
A8JdQjIW6_U-01445-00488790-00489199 explained pianist Mark Levine
A8JdQjIW6_U-01446-00489200-00489505 the modal theory stems from a work by
A8JdQjIW6_U-01447-00489506-00489843 George Russell Miles Davis introduced
A8JdQjIW6_U-01448-00489845-00490096 the concept to the greater jazz world
A8JdQjIW6_U-01449-00490097-00490564 with kind of blue 1959 an exploration of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01450-00490564-00490846 the possibilities of modal jazz which
A8JdQjIW6_U-01451-00490847-00491137 would become the best-selling jazz album
A8JdQjIW6_U-01452-00491138-00491527 of all time in contrast to Davis's
A8JdQjIW6_U-01453-00491528-00491776 earlier work with hard bop and it's
A8JdQjIW6_U-01454-00491777-00491985 complex chord progression and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01455-00491985-00492301 improvisation kind of blue was composed
A8JdQjIW6_U-01456-00492302-00492595 as a series of modal sketches in which
A8JdQjIW6_U-01457-00492596-00492856 the musicians were given scales that
A8JdQjIW6_U-01458-00492857-00493068 define the parameters of their
A8JdQjIW6_U-01459-00493068-00493272 improvisation and style
A8JdQjIW6_U-01460-00493274-00493585 I didn't write out the music for kind of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01461-00493585-00493882 blue but brought in sketches for what
A8JdQjIW6_U-01462-00493883-00494185 everybody was supposed to play because I
A8JdQjIW6_U-01463-00494185-00494622 wanted a lot of spontaneity recalled
A8JdQjIW6_U-01464-00494624-00495088 Davis the track so what has only two
A8JdQjIW6_U-01465-00495089-00495532 chords d7 and E flat -7 other innovators
A8JdQjIW6_U-01466-00495533-00495859 in this style include Jackie McLean and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01467-00495860-00496135 two of the musicians who had also played
A8JdQjIW6_U-01468-00496135-00496462 on kind of blue John Coltrane and Bill
A8JdQjIW6_U-01469-00496463-00497041 Evans
A8JdQjIW6_U-01470-00497042-00497624 topic free jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01471-00497625-00497930 free jazz and the related form of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01472-00497931-00498221 avant-garde jazz broke through into an
A8JdQjIW6_U-01473-00498222-00498638 open space of free tonality in which
A8JdQjIW6_U-01474-00498639-00498917 meter beat and formal symmetry all
A8JdQjIW6_U-01475-00498918-00499229 disappeared and a range of world music
A8JdQjIW6_U-01476-00499230-00499553 from India Africa and Arabia were melded
A8JdQjIW6_U-01477-00499554-00499793 into an intense even religiously
A8JdQjIW6_U-01478-00499793-00500143 ecstatic or orgiastic style of playing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01479-00500143-00500504 while loosely inspired by Bebop free
A8JdQjIW6_U-01480-00500505-00500777 jazz tunes gave players much more
A8JdQjIW6_U-01481-00500778-00501095 latitude the loose harmony and tempo was
A8JdQjIW6_U-01482-00501096-00501353 deemed controversial when this approach
A8JdQjIW6_U-01483-00501354-00501731 was first developed the bassist Charles
A8JdQjIW6_U-01484-00501732-00502043 Mingus is also frequently associated
A8JdQjIW6_U-01485-00502043-00502307 with the avant-garde in jazz although
A8JdQjIW6_U-01486-00502308-00502628 his compositions draw from myriad styles
A8JdQjIW6_U-01487-00502629-00502843 and genres
A8JdQjIW6_U-01488-00502844-00503143 the first major stirrings came in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01489-00503143-00503441 1950s with the early work of Ornette
A8JdQjIW6_U-01490-00503442-00503831 Coleman whose 1960 album free jazz a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01491-00503832-00504113 collective improvisation coined the term
A8JdQjIW6_U-01492-00504114-00504647 and Cecil Taylor in the 1960s exponents
A8JdQjIW6_U-01493-00504647-00504947 included Albert Ayler Gatto Barbieri
A8JdQjIW6_U-01494-00504947-00505372 carla bley Don Cherry Larry Coryell John
A8JdQjIW6_U-01495-00505373-00505589 Coltrane Bill Dixon
A8JdQjIW6_U-01496-00505589-00505931 Jimmy Joffrey Steve Lacey Michael Mann
A8JdQjIW6_U-01497-00505932-00506213 blur son raw Roswell Rudd Pharoah
A8JdQjIW6_U-01498-00506214-00506630 Sanders and John chick I in developing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01499-00506631-00506916 his late style Coltrane was especially
A8JdQjIW6_U-01500-00506917-00507185 influenced by the dissonance of Eilers
A8JdQjIW6_U-01501-00507185-00507479 trio with bassist Gary peacock and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01502-00507480-00507725 drummer Sonny Murray a rhythm section
A8JdQjIW6_U-01503-00507726-00508081 honed with Cecil Taylor as leader in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01504-00508082-00508535 November 1961 Coltrane played a gig at
A8JdQjIW6_U-01505-00508535-00508793 the Village Vanguard which resulted in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01506-00508793-00509039 the classic chasin the train which
A8JdQjIW6_U-01507-00509039-00509500 downbeat magazine panda's anti jazz on
A8JdQjIW6_U-01508-00509501-00510008 his 1961 tour of France he was booed but
A8JdQjIW6_U-01509-00510009-00510337 persevered signing with the new impulse
A8JdQjIW6_U-01510-00510338-00510806 records in 1960 and turning it into the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01511-00510807-00511189 house that train built while championing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01512-00511191-00511522 many younger free jazz musicians notably
A8JdQjIW6_U-01513-00511523-00511739 Archie Shepp who often played with
A8JdQjIW6_U-01514-00511739-00512066 trumpeter Bill Dixon who organized the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01515-00512067-00512518 four-day October Revolution in jazz in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01516-00512518-00512966 Manhattan in 1964 the first free Jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01517-00512967-00513162 Festival
A8JdQjIW6_U-01518-00513163-00513460 a series of recordings with the classic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01519-00513460-00513858 quartet in the first half of 1965 show
A8JdQjIW6_U-01520-00513859-00514129 Coltrane's playing becoming increasingly
A8JdQjIW6_U-01521-00514130-00514422 abstract with greater incorporation of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01522-00514423-00514758 devices like multiphonics utilization of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01523-00514759-00515008 overtones and playing in the altissimo
A8JdQjIW6_U-01524-00515009-00515362 register as well as a mutated return to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01525-00515363-00515691 coal trains sheets of sound in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01526-00515692-00515994 studio he all but abandoned his soprano
A8JdQjIW6_U-01527-00515995-00516381 to concentrate on the tenor saxophone in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01528-00516382-00516702 addition the quartet responded to the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01529-00516703-00516925 leader by playing with increasing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01530-00516926-00517258 freedom the group's evolution can be
A8JdQjIW6_U-01531-00517259-00517497 traced through the recordings the John
A8JdQjIW6_U-01532-00517498-00517827 Coltrane quartet plays living space and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01533-00517828-00518260 transition both June 1965 new thing at
A8JdQjIW6_U-01534-00518260-00518823 Newport July 1965 sonship August 1965
A8JdQjIW6_U-01535-00518824-00519362 and first meditations September 1965 in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01536-00519363-00519810 June 1965 Coltrane and 10 other
A8JdQjIW6_U-01537-00519811-00520131 musicians recorded ascension a 40 minute
A8JdQjIW6_U-01538-00520132-00520402 long piece without breaks that included
A8JdQjIW6_U-01539-00520403-00520685 adventurous solos by young avante-garde
A8JdQjIW6_U-01540-00520686-00521002 musicians as well as Coltrane and was
A8JdQjIW6_U-01541-00521003-00521223 controversial primarily for the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01542-00521224-00521487 collective improvisation sections that
A8JdQjIW6_U-01543-00521488-00521889 separated the solos Dave Lehmann later
A8JdQjIW6_U-01544-00521890-00522213 called it the torch that lit the free
A8JdQjIW6_U-01545-00522214-00522431 jazz thing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01546-00522432-00522695 after recording with the quartet over
A8JdQjIW6_U-01547-00522696-00522847 the next few months
A8JdQjIW6_U-01548-00522848-00523160 Coltrane invited Pharoah Sanders to join
A8JdQjIW6_U-01549-00523160-00523616 the band in September 1965 while
A8JdQjIW6_U-01550-00523617-00523925 Coltrane used overblowing frequently as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01551-00523926-00524218 an emotional exclamation point Sanders
A8JdQjIW6_U-01552-00524219-00524497 would opt to overblow his entire solo
A8JdQjIW6_U-01553-00524498-00524774 resulting in a constant screaming and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01554-00524775-00525050 screeching in the altissimo range of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01555-00525051-00525314 instrument
A8JdQjIW6_U-01556-00525315-00525607 you
A8JdQjIW6_U-01557-00525608-00526223 topic free jazz in Europe
A8JdQjIW6_U-01558-00526224-00526545 free jazz was played in Europe in part
A8JdQjIW6_U-01559-00526546-00526850 because musicians such as Euler Taylor
A8JdQjIW6_U-01560-00526851-00527160 Steve Lacey and Eric Dolphy spent
A8JdQjIW6_U-01561-00527161-00527408 extended periods of time there and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01562-00527409-00527681 European musicians such as Michael
A8JdQjIW6_U-01563-00527682-00527945 manler and John chick I traveled to the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01564-00527946-00528245 US to experience American music
A8JdQjIW6_U-01565-00528246-00528683 firsthand European contemporary jazz was
A8JdQjIW6_U-01566-00528684-00528875 shaped by Peter bratzman
A8JdQjIW6_U-01567-00528876-00529212 John sermon Christoph Kameda Zbigniew of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01568-00529213-00529500 Nam is Laos key Tomas Danko
A8JdQjIW6_U-01569-00529501-00529770 Lars Gulen Joe Harriet Albert
A8JdQjIW6_U-01570-00529771-00530081 Mangelsdorf Kenny wheeler Graham Collier
A8JdQjIW6_U-01571-00530082-00530462 Michael Garrick and Mike Westbrook they
A8JdQjIW6_U-01572-00530463-00530696 were eager to develop approaches to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01573-00530697-00531022 music that reflected their heritage
A8JdQjIW6_U-01574-00531023-00531455 since the 1960s creative centers of jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01575-00531456-00531701 in Europe have developed such as the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01576-00531702-00532039 creative jazz scene in Amsterdam
A8JdQjIW6_U-01577-00532040-00532322 following the work of drummer Han Benny
A8JdQjIW6_U-01578-00532323-00532640 and pianist Meecham Engelberg musicians
A8JdQjIW6_U-01579-00532641-00532870 started to explore by improvising
A8JdQjIW6_U-01580-00532871-00533195 collectively until a form melody rhythm
A8JdQjIW6_U-01581-00533196-00533558 a famous song is found jazz critic Kevin
A8JdQjIW6_U-01582-00533559-00533840 whitehead documented the free jazz scene
A8JdQjIW6_U-01583-00533841-00534070 in Amsterdam and some of its main
A8JdQjIW6_U-01584-00534071-00534401 exponents such as the ICP instant
A8JdQjIW6_U-01585-00534402-00534722 composers full orchestra in his book new
A8JdQjIW6_U-01586-00534723-00535151 Dutch swing since the 1990s Keith
A8JdQjIW6_U-01587-00535152-00535430 Jarrett has defended free jazz from
A8JdQjIW6_U-01588-00535431-00535754 criticism British writer Stuart
A8JdQjIW6_U-01589-00535755-00535994 Nicholson has argued European
A8JdQjIW6_U-01590-00535995-00536267 contemporary jazz has an identity
A8JdQjIW6_U-01591-00536268-00536564 different from American jazz and follows
A8JdQjIW6_U-01592-00536565-00537242 a different trajectory
A8JdQjIW6_U-01593-00537243-00537829 topic Latin jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01594-00537830-00538141 Latin jazz as the term used to describe
A8JdQjIW6_U-01595-00538142-00538460 jazz which employs Latin American
A8JdQjIW6_U-01596-00538461-00538693 rhythms and is generally understood to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01597-00538694-00538981 have a more specific meaning than simply
A8JdQjIW6_U-01598-00538982-00539383 jazz from Latin America a more precise
A8JdQjIW6_U-01599-00539384-00539714 term might be afro Latin jazz as the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01600-00539715-00540014 Jazz sub-genre typically employs rhythms
A8JdQjIW6_U-01601-00540015-00540268 that either have a direct analog in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01602-00540269-00540554 Africa or exhibit an African rhythmic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01603-00540555-00540785 influence beyond what is ordinarily
A8JdQjIW6_U-01604-00540786-00541151 heard in other jazz the two main
A8JdQjIW6_U-01605-00541152-00541516 categories of Latin jazz are afro-cuban
A8JdQjIW6_U-01606-00541517-00541877 jazz and Brazilian jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01607-00541878-00542315 in the 1960's and 1970's many jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01608-00542316-00542561 musicians had only a basic understanding
A8JdQjIW6_U-01609-00542562-00542920 of cuban and brazilian music and jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01610-00542921-00543191 compositions which used cuban or
A8JdQjIW6_U-01611-00543192-00543392 Brazilian elements were often referred
A8JdQjIW6_U-01612-00543393-00543875 to as latin tunes with no distinction
A8JdQjIW6_U-01613-00543876-00544166 between a Cuban son montuno and a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01614-00544167-00544546 Brazilian bossa nova' even as late as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01615-00544547-00544892 2000 in mark grid Lee's jazz styles
A8JdQjIW6_U-01616-00544893-00545173 history and analysis a bossa nova
A8JdQjIW6_U-01617-00545174-00545564 bassline as referred to as a Latin bass
A8JdQjIW6_U-01618-00545565-00545956 figure it was not uncommon during the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01619-00545957-00546377 1960s and 1970s to hear a conga playing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01620-00546378-00546638 a Cuban tumble while the drum set and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01621-00546639-00546929 bass played a Brazilian bossa nova
A8JdQjIW6_U-01622-00546930-00547363 pattern many jazz standards such as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01623-00547364-00547967 Manteca on Green Dolphin Street and song
A8JdQjIW6_U-01624-00547968-00548501 for my father hava Latin a section in a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01625-00548502-00548888 swung B section typically the band would
A8JdQjIW6_U-01626-00548889-00549284 only play an even eighth Latin feel in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01627-00549285-00549512 the a section of the head and swing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01628-00549513-00549907 throughout all of the solos Latin jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01629-00549908-00550220 specialists like Cal Tjader tended to be
A8JdQjIW6_U-01630-00550221-00550712 the exception for example on a 1959 live
A8JdQjIW6_U-01631-00550713-00551095 Tjader recording of a night in Tunisia
A8JdQjIW6_U-01632-00551096-00551414 pianist Vince Guaraldi soloed through
A8JdQjIW6_U-01633-00551415-00552225 the entire form over an authentic Mambo
A8JdQjIW6_U-01634-00552226-00552956 topic afro-cuban jazz Renaissance
A8JdQjIW6_U-01635-00552957-00553262 for most of its history afro-cuban jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01636-00553263-00553602 had been a matter of superimposing jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01637-00553603-00553983 phrasing over Cuban rhythms but by the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01638-00553984-00554393 end of the 1970s a new generation of New
A8JdQjIW6_U-01639-00554394-00554681 York City musicians had emerged who were
A8JdQjIW6_U-01640-00554682-00554970 fluent in both salsa dance music and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01641-00554971-00555225 jazz leading to a new level of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01642-00555226-00555545 integration of jazz and Cuban rhythms
A8JdQjIW6_U-01643-00555546-00555929 this era of creativity and vitality as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01644-00555930-00556176 best represented by the Gonzales
A8JdQjIW6_U-01645-00556177-00556454 brothers Jerry congas and trumpet and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01646-00556455-00557091 Andy bass during 1974 to 1976 they were
A8JdQjIW6_U-01647-00557092-00557370 members of one of Eddie Palmieri's most
A8JdQjIW6_U-01648-00557371-00557697 experimental salsa groups salsa was the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01649-00557698-00557960 medium but Palmieri was stretching the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01650-00557961-00558324 form in new ways he incorporated
A8JdQjIW6_U-01651-00558325-00558629 parallel forts with McCoy Tyner type
A8JdQjIW6_U-01652-00558630-00558983 vamps the innovations of Palmieri the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01653-00558984-00559260 Gonzales brothers and others led to an
A8JdQjIW6_U-01654-00559261-00559587 afro-cuban jazz Renaissance in New York
A8JdQjIW6_U-01655-00559588-00559744 City
A8JdQjIW6_U-01656-00559745-00559969 this occurred in parallel with
A8JdQjIW6_U-01657-00559970-00560248 developments in Cuba the first Cuban
A8JdQjIW6_U-01658-00560249-00560556 band of this new wave was Eirik airy
A8JdQjIW6_U-01659-00560557-00561206 their shake Airy Sun 1976 introduced a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01660-00561207-00561458 style of Cuban eyes
A8JdQjIW6_U-01661-00561459-00561800 bebop flavored horn lines that departed
A8JdQjIW6_U-01662-00561801-00562010 from the more angular Guaje o
A8JdQjIW6_U-01663-00562011-00562312 based lines which were typical of Cuban
A8JdQjIW6_U-01664-00562313-00562616 popular music and Latin jazz up until
A8JdQjIW6_U-01665-00562617-00562972 that time it was based on Charlie
A8JdQjIW6_U-01666-00562973-00563337 Parker's composition Billie's bounce
A8JdQjIW6_U-01667-00563338-00563639 jumbled together in a way that fused
A8JdQjIW6_U-01668-00563640-00564091 klav a and Bebop horn lines in spite of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01669-00564092-00564343 the ambivalence of some band members
A8JdQjIW6_U-01670-00564344-00564627 towards Iraq ears afro-cuban folkloric
A8JdQjIW6_U-01671-00564628-00564977 jazz fusion their experiments forever
A8JdQjIW6_U-01672-00564978-00565312 changed cuban jazz their innovations are
A8JdQjIW6_U-01673-00565313-00565525 still heard in the high level of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01674-00565526-00565771 harmonic and rhythmic complexity in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01675-00565772-00566089 Cuban jazz and in the jazzy and complex
A8JdQjIW6_U-01676-00566090-00566435 contemporary form of popular dance music
A8JdQjIW6_U-01677-00566436-00567035 known as timba
A8JdQjIW6_U-01678-00567036-00567695 topic afro-brazilian jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01679-00567696-00568023 Brazilian jazz such as bossa nova as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01680-00568024-00568329 derived from Samba with influences from
A8JdQjIW6_U-01681-00568330-00568653 jazz and other 20th century classical
A8JdQjIW6_U-01682-00568654-00569034 and popular music styles bossa is
A8JdQjIW6_U-01683-00569035-00569322 generally moderately paced with melodies
A8JdQjIW6_U-01684-00569323-00569622 sung in Portuguese or English whilst the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01685-00569623-00569910 related term jazz Samba describes an
A8JdQjIW6_U-01686-00569911-00570326 adaptation of Street Samba into jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01687-00570327-00570635 the bossa nova style was pioneered by
A8JdQjIW6_U-01688-00570636-00571019 Brazilians Jojo Berto and Antonio Carlos
A8JdQjIW6_U-01689-00571020-00571352 Jobim and was made popular by elisetta
A8JdQjIW6_U-01690-00571353-00571637 Cardozo's recording of chega
A8JdQjIW6_U-01691-00571638-00572033 de saudade on the cans I'll do a more
A8JdQjIW6_U-01692-00572034-00572423 demais LP Gilberto's initial releases
A8JdQjIW6_U-01693-00572424-00572867 and the 1959 film black Orpheus achieved
A8JdQjIW6_U-01694-00572868-00573182 significant popularity in Latin America
A8JdQjIW6_U-01695-00573183-00573425 this spread to North America via
A8JdQjIW6_U-01696-00573426-00573827 visiting American jazz musicians the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01697-00573828-00574124 resulting recordings by Charlie Byrd and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01698-00574125-00574379 Stan Getz cemented bossa Nova's
A8JdQjIW6_U-01699-00574380-00574685 popularity and led to a worldwide boom
A8JdQjIW6_U-01700-00574686-00575114 with 1963 s gets Gilberto numerous
A8JdQjIW6_U-01701-00575115-00575393 recordings by famous jazz performers
A8JdQjIW6_U-01702-00575394-00575627 such as Ella Fitzgerald and Frank
A8JdQjIW6_U-01703-00575628-00575909 Sinatra and the eventual entrenchment of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01704-00575910-00576167 the bossa nova style as a lasting
A8JdQjIW6_U-01705-00576168-00576569 influence in world music Brazilian
A8JdQjIW6_U-01706-00576570-00576845 percussionist such as Airto Moreira and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01707-00576846-00577204 naná vasconcelos also influenced jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01708-00577205-00577447 internationally by introducing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01709-00577448-00577724 afro-brazilian folkloric instruments and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01710-00577725-00578003 rhythms into a wide variety of jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01711-00578004-00578243 styles thus attracting a greater
A8JdQjIW6_U-01712-00578244-00578883 audience to them
A8JdQjIW6_U-01713-00578884-00579812 topic african-inspired
A8JdQjIW6_U-01714-00579813-00580327 topic themes
A8JdQjIW6_U-01715-00580328-00580582 there was a resurgence of interest in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01716-00580583-00580921 jazz and other forms of african-american
A8JdQjIW6_U-01717-00580922-00581152 cultural expression during the Black
A8JdQjIW6_U-01718-00581153-00581410 Arts Movement and black nationalist
A8JdQjIW6_U-01719-00581411-00581983 period of the 1960s and 1970s African
A8JdQjIW6_U-01720-00581984-00582312 themes became popular and many new jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01721-00582313-00582604 compositions were given African related
A8JdQjIW6_U-01722-00582605-00583090 titles Black Nile Wayne Shorter Blue
A8JdQjIW6_U-01723-00583091-00583617 Nile Alice Coltrane uber and African art
A8JdQjIW6_U-01724-00583618-00584212 blakey Zambia Lee Morgan appointment in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01725-00584213-00584743 Ghana Jackie McLean marabi Cannonball
A8JdQjIW6_U-01726-00584744-00585199 Adderley Yoruba Hubert laws and many
A8JdQjIW6_U-01727-00585200-00585271 more
A8JdQjIW6_U-01728-00585272-00585535 pianist Randy Weston's music
A8JdQjIW6_U-01729-00585536-00585844 incorporated African elements such as in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01730-00585845-00586132 the large-scale suite ooh-whoo Roo
A8JdQjIW6_U-01731-00586133-00586507 Africa with the participation of poet
A8JdQjIW6_U-01732-00586508-00586879 Langston Hughes and high life music from
A8JdQjIW6_U-01733-00586880-00587284 the new African nations both Weston and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01734-00587285-00587587 saxophonist Stanley Turrentine covered
A8JdQjIW6_U-01735-00587588-00587931 the Nigerian Bobby Benson's piece Niger
A8JdQjIW6_U-01736-00587932-00588364 Mambo which features afro Caribbean and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01737-00588365-00588664 jazz elements within a West African high
A8JdQjIW6_U-01738-00588665-00589054 life style some musicians including
A8JdQjIW6_U-01739-00589055-00589351 Pharoah Sanders Hubert laws and Wayne
A8JdQjIW6_U-01740-00589352-00589663 Shorter began using African instruments
A8JdQjIW6_U-01741-00589664-00589990 such as Columbus Bells beaded gourds and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01742-00589991-00590179 other instruments which were not
A8JdQjIW6_U-01743-00590180-00590836 traditional to jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01744-00590837-00591324 topic rhythm
A8JdQjIW6_U-01745-00591325-00591564 during this period there was an
A8JdQjIW6_U-01746-00591565-00591861 increased use of the typical African 12
A8JdQjIW6_U-01747-00591862-00592217 eighths cross rhythmic structure in jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01748-00592218-00592725 Herbie Hancock's succotash on inventions
A8JdQjIW6_U-01749-00592726-00593115 and dimensions 1963 is an open-ended
A8JdQjIW6_U-01750-00593116-00593523 modal 128th improvised jam in which
A8JdQjIW6_U-01751-00593524-00593742 Hancock's pattern of attack points
A8JdQjIW6_U-01752-00593743-00593991 rather than the pattern of pitches is
A8JdQjIW6_U-01753-00593992-00594284 the primary focus of his improvisations
A8JdQjIW6_U-01754-00594285-00594593 accompanied by Paul Chambers on bass
A8JdQjIW6_U-01755-00594594-00594927 percussionist Osvaldo Martinez playing a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01756-00594928-00595221 traditional Afro Cuban checker a part
A8JdQjIW6_U-01757-00595222-00595518 and Willie Bobo playing in a Baku Abell
A8JdQjIW6_U-01758-00595519-00595950 pattern on a snare drum with brushes the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01759-00595951-00596256 first jazz standard composed by a non
A8JdQjIW6_U-01760-00596257-00596700 Latino to use an overt African 128 cross
A8JdQjIW6_U-01761-00596701-00597185 rhythm was Wayne Shorter's footprints
A8JdQjIW6_U-01762-00597186-00597537 1967 on the version recorded on mile
A8JdQjIW6_U-01763-00597538-00597891 smiles by Miles Davis the bass switches
A8JdQjIW6_U-01764-00597892-00598380 to a 44 try Co figure at 220 footprints
A8JdQjIW6_U-01765-00598381-00598830 is not however a Latin jazz tune African
A8JdQjIW6_U-01766-00598831-00599028 rhythmic structures are accessed
A8JdQjIW6_U-01767-00599029-00599343 directly by Ron Carter bass and Tony
A8JdQjIW6_U-01768-00599344-00599588 Williams drums via the rhythmic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01769-00599589-00599940 sensibilities of Swing throughout the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01770-00599941-00600237 piece the four beats whether sounded or
A8JdQjIW6_U-01771-00600238-00600474 not are maintained as the temporal
A8JdQjIW6_U-01772-00600475-00600905 referent the following example shows the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01773-00600906-00601425 128 and 44 forms of the bassline the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01774-00601426-00601668 slashed note heads indicate the main
A8JdQjIW6_U-01775-00601669-00601980 beat not bass notes where one ordinarily
A8JdQjIW6_U-01776-00601981-00602420 taps their foot to keep time
A8JdQjIW6_U-01777-00602421-00602714 you
A8JdQjIW6_U-01778-00602715-00603318 topic pentatonic scales
A8JdQjIW6_U-01779-00603319-00603657 the use of pentatonic scales was another
A8JdQjIW6_U-01780-00603658-00604023 trend associated with Africa the use of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01781-00604024-00604320 pentatonic scales in Africa probably
A8JdQjIW6_U-01782-00604321-00604638 goes back thousands of years McCoy Tyner
A8JdQjIW6_U-01783-00604639-00604896 perfected the use of the pentatonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01784-00604897-00605178 scale in his solos and also used
A8JdQjIW6_U-01785-00605179-00605436 parallel fifths and fourths which are
A8JdQjIW6_U-01786-00605437-00605697 common harmonies in West Africa the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01787-00605698-00606021 minor pentatonic scale is often used in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01788-00606022-00606276 blues improvisation and like a blue
A8JdQjIW6_U-01789-00606277-00606594 scale a minor pentatonic scale can be
A8JdQjIW6_U-01790-00606595-00606905 played over all of the chords in a blues
A8JdQjIW6_U-01791-00606906-00607260 the following pentatonic lick was played
A8JdQjIW6_U-01792-00607261-00607581 over blues changes by Joe Henderson on
A8JdQjIW6_U-01793-00607582-00608181 Horace Silver's African Queen 1965 jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01794-00608182-00608526 pianist theorist an educator Mark Levine
A8JdQjIW6_U-01795-00608527-00608802 refers to the scale generated by
A8JdQjIW6_U-01796-00608803-00609009 beginning on the fifth step of a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01797-00609010-00609306 pentatonic scale as the V pentatonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01798-00609307-00609480 scale
A8JdQjIW6_U-01799-00609481-00609801 Lavigne points out that the V pentatonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01800-00609802-00610065 scale works for all three chords of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01801-00610066-00610512 standard Evi jazz progression this is a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01802-00610513-00610836 very common progression used in pieces
A8JdQjIW6_U-01803-00610837-00611229 such as Miles Davis's tune up the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01804-00611230-00611565 following example shows the V pentatonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01805-00611566-00611931 scale over a Evi progression
A8JdQjIW6_U-01806-00611932-00612485 accordingly John Coltrane's giant steps
A8JdQjIW6_U-01807-00612486-00612983 1960 with its 26 cords per 16 bars can
A8JdQjIW6_U-01808-00612984-00613272 be played using only three pentatonic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01809-00613273-00613689 scales Coltrane studied Nicholas slalom
A8JdQjIW6_U-01810-00613690-00613964 skis thesaurus of scales and melodic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01811-00613965-00614274 patterns which contains material that is
A8JdQjIW6_U-01812-00614275-00614637 virtually identical to portions of giant
A8JdQjIW6_U-01813-00614638-00615102 steps the harmonic complexity of giant
A8JdQjIW6_U-01814-00615103-00615408 steps is on the level of the most
A8JdQjIW6_U-01815-00615409-00615818 advanced twentieth century art music
A8JdQjIW6_U-01816-00615819-00616124 superimposing the pentatonic scale over
A8JdQjIW6_U-01817-00616125-00616524 giant steps is not merely a matter of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01818-00616525-00616856 harmonic simplification but also a sort
A8JdQjIW6_U-01819-00616857-00617241 of African izing of the piece which
A8JdQjIW6_U-01820-00617242-00617472 provides an alternate approach for
A8JdQjIW6_U-01821-00617473-00617826 soloing Mark Levine observes that when
A8JdQjIW6_U-01822-00617827-00618131 mixed in with more conventional playing
A8JdQjIW6_U-01823-00618132-00618518 the changes pentatonic scales provide
A8JdQjIW6_U-01824-00618519-00618758 structure and a feeling of increased
A8JdQjIW6_U-01825-00618759-00619292 space
A8JdQjIW6_U-01826-00619293-00619895 topic jazz-fusion
A8JdQjIW6_U-01827-00619896-00620382 in the late 1960s and early 1970s the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01828-00620383-00620676 hybrid form of jazz rock fusion was
A8JdQjIW6_U-01829-00620677-00620877 developed by combining jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01830-00620878-00621189 improvisation with rock rhythms electric
A8JdQjIW6_U-01831-00621190-00621375 instruments and the highly amplified
A8JdQjIW6_U-01832-00621376-00621699 stage sound of rock musicians such as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01833-00621700-00622128 Jimi Hendrix and Frank Zappa jazz fusion
A8JdQjIW6_U-01834-00622129-00622437 often uses mixed meters odd time
A8JdQjIW6_U-01835-00622438-00622788 signatures syncopation complex chords
A8JdQjIW6_U-01836-00622789-00623340 and harmonies according to Allmusic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01837-00623341-00623826 until around 1967 the worlds of jazz and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01838-00623827-00624119 rock were nearly completely separate
A8JdQjIW6_U-01839-00624120-00624391 however
A8JdQjIW6_U-01840-00624392-00624693 as rock became more creative and its
A8JdQjIW6_U-01841-00624694-00624958 musicianship improved and as some in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01842-00624959-00625255 jazz world became bored with hard bop
A8JdQjIW6_U-01843-00625256-00625489 and did not want to play strictly
A8JdQjIW6_U-01844-00625490-00625759 avant-garde music the two different
A8JdQjIW6_U-01845-00625760-00626022 idioms began to trade ideas and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01846-00626023-00626733 occasionally combine forces
A8JdQjIW6_U-01847-00626734-00627445 topic Miles Davis's new directions
A8JdQjIW6_U-01848-00627446-00627850 in 1969 Davis fully embraced the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01849-00627851-00628099 electric instrument approach to jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01850-00628100-00628348 within a Silent Way which can be
A8JdQjIW6_U-01851-00628349-00628650 considered his first fusion album
A8JdQjIW6_U-01852-00628651-00629011 composed of two side long suites edited
A8JdQjIW6_U-01853-00629012-00629323 heavily by producer Te'o massero this
A8JdQjIW6_U-01854-00629324-00629386 quiet
A8JdQjIW6_U-01855-00629387-00629602 static album would be equally
A8JdQjIW6_U-01856-00629603-00629827 influential to the development of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01857-00629828-00630055 ambient music
A8JdQjIW6_U-01858-00630056-00630523 as Davis recalls the music I was really
A8JdQjIW6_U-01859-00630524-00630943 listening to in 1968 was James Brown the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01860-00630944-00631249 great guitar player Jimi Hendrix and a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01861-00631250-00631483 new group who had just come out with a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01862-00631484-00631921 hit record dance to the music Sly and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01863-00631922-00632216 the Family Stone
A8JdQjIW6_U-01864-00632217-00632580 I wanted to make it more like rock when
A8JdQjIW6_U-01865-00632581-00632891 we recorded in a silent way I just threw
A8JdQjIW6_U-01866-00632892-00633114 out all the cord sheets and told
A8JdQjIW6_U-01867-00633115-00633419 everyone to play off of that
A8JdQjIW6_U-01868-00633420-00633756 two contributors - in a silent way also
A8JdQjIW6_U-01869-00633757-00634062 joined organist Larry young to create
A8JdQjIW6_U-01870-00634063-00634348 one of the early acclaimed fusion albums
A8JdQjIW6_U-01871-00634349-00634897 emergency by the Tony Williams lifetime
A8JdQjIW6_U-01872-00634898-00635192 you
A8JdQjIW6_U-01873-00635193-00636092 topic psychedelic jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01874-00636093-00636620 topic weather report
A8JdQjIW6_U-01875-00636621-00636939 weather reports self-titled electronic
A8JdQjIW6_U-01876-00636940-00637193 and psychedelic weather report debut
A8JdQjIW6_U-01877-00637194-00637461 album caused a sensation in the jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01878-00637462-00637884 world on its arrival in 1971 thanks to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01879-00637885-00638091 the pedigree of the group's members
A8JdQjIW6_U-01880-00638092-00638331 including percussionist Airto Moreira
A8JdQjIW6_U-01881-00638332-00638657 and their unorthodox approach to music
A8JdQjIW6_U-01882-00638658-00639000 the album featured a softer sound than
A8JdQjIW6_U-01883-00639001-00639218 would be the case in later years
A8JdQjIW6_U-01884-00639219-00639507 predominantly using acoustic bass with
A8JdQjIW6_U-01885-00639508-00639759 shorter exclusively playing soprano
A8JdQjIW6_U-01886-00639760-00640053 saxophone and with no synthesizers
A8JdQjIW6_U-01887-00640054-00640299 involved but is still considered a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01888-00640300-00640683 classic of early fusion it built on the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01889-00640684-00640929 avant-garde experiments which Joe
A8JdQjIW6_U-01890-00640930-00641168 Zawinul and shorter had pioneered with
A8JdQjIW6_U-01891-00641169-00641508 Miles Davis on brew including an
A8JdQjIW6_U-01892-00641509-00641784 avoidance of head and chorus composition
A8JdQjIW6_U-01893-00641785-00642024 in favor of continuous rhythm and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01894-00642025-00642378 movement but took the music further to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01895-00642379-00642609 emphasize the group's rejection of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01896-00642610-00642909 standard methodology the album opened
A8JdQjIW6_U-01897-00642910-00643125 with the inscrutable avant-garde
A8JdQjIW6_U-01898-00643126-00643536 atmospheric peace Milky Way which
A8JdQjIW6_U-01899-00643537-00643824 featured by Shorter's extremely muted
A8JdQjIW6_U-01900-00643825-00644157 saxophone inducing vibrations in Zawinul
A8JdQjIW6_U-01901-00644158-00644447 SPEA no strings while the latter pedaled
A8JdQjIW6_U-01902-00644448-00644814 the instrument downbeat described the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01903-00644815-00645215 album as music beyond category an
A8JdQjIW6_U-01904-00645216-00645470 awarded album of the year in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01905-00645471-00645812 magazine's polls that year
A8JdQjIW6_U-01906-00645813-00646104 weather reports subsequent releases were
A8JdQjIW6_U-01907-00646105-00646775 creative funk jazz works
A8JdQjIW6_U-01908-00646776-00647316 topic jazz-rock
A8JdQjIW6_U-01909-00647317-00647626 although some jazz purists protested
A8JdQjIW6_U-01910-00647627-00647902 against the blend of jazz and rock many
A8JdQjIW6_U-01911-00647903-00648172 jazz innovators crossed over from the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01912-00648173-00648489 contemporary hard bop scene into fusion
A8JdQjIW6_U-01913-00648490-00648850 as well as the electric instruments of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01914-00648851-00649120 rock such as electric guitar electric
A8JdQjIW6_U-01915-00649121-00649420 bass electric piano and synthesizer
A8JdQjIW6_U-01916-00649421-00649785 keyboards fusion also used the powerful
A8JdQjIW6_U-01917-00649786-00650254 amplification fuzz pedals wah-wah pedals
A8JdQjIW6_U-01918-00650255-00650547 and other effects that were used by
A8JdQjIW6_U-01919-00650548-00651028 1970s era rock bands notable performers
A8JdQjIW6_U-01920-00651029-00651331 of jazz fusion included Miles Davis
A8JdQjIW6_U-01921-00651332-00651604 Eddie Harris keyboardists Joe Zawinul
A8JdQjIW6_U-01922-00651605-00651889 Chick Corea and Herbie Hancock
A8JdQjIW6_U-01923-00651890-00652204 vibraphonist Gary burden drummer Tony
A8JdQjIW6_U-01924-00652205-00652518 Williams drummer violinist jean-luc
A8JdQjIW6_U-01925-00652519-00652789 Ponty guitarists Larry Coryell
A8JdQjIW6_U-01926-00652790-00653139 all Di Meola John McLaughlin and Frank
A8JdQjIW6_U-01927-00653140-00653431 Zappa saxophonist Wayne Shorter and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01928-00653432-00653745 bassists Jaco Pastorius and Stanley
A8JdQjIW6_U-01929-00653746-00654166 Clark jazz fusion was also popular in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01930-00654167-00654493 Japan where the band Cassiopeia released
A8JdQjIW6_U-01931-00654494-00654816 over 30 fusion albums
A8JdQjIW6_U-01932-00654817-00655080 according to jazz writer Stewart
A8JdQjIW6_U-01933-00655081-00655467 Nicholson just as free jazz appeared on
A8JdQjIW6_U-01934-00655468-00655703 the verge of creating a whole new
A8JdQjIW6_U-01935-00655704-00656289 musical language in the 1960s
A8JdQjIW6_U-01936-00656290-00656656 jazz-rock briefly suggested the promise
A8JdQjIW6_U-01937-00656657-00657016 of doing the same with albums such as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01938-00657017-00657487 Williams emergency 1970 and Davis's
A8JdQjIW6_U-01939-00657488-00657933 Agharta 1975 which Nicholson said
A8JdQjIW6_U-01940-00657934-00658252 suggested the potential of evolving into
A8JdQjIW6_U-01941-00658253-00658539 something that might eventually define
A8JdQjIW6_U-01942-00658540-00658858 itself as a wholly independent genre
A8JdQjIW6_U-01943-00658859-00659080 quite apart from the sound and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01944-00659081-00659353 conventions of anything that had gone
A8JdQjIW6_U-01945-00659354-00659800 before this development was stifled by
A8JdQjIW6_U-01946-00659801-00660091 commercialism Nicholson said as the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01947-00660092-00660511 genre mutated into a peculiar species of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01948-00660512-00660826 jazz inflected pop music that eventually
A8JdQjIW6_U-01949-00660827-00661279 took up residence on FM radio
A8JdQjIW6_U-01950-00661280-00661708 at the end of the 1970s
A8JdQjIW6_U-01951-00661709-00662153 topic jazz-funk by the mid-1970s the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01952-00662154-00662435 sound known as jazz funk had developed
A8JdQjIW6_U-01953-00662436-00662764 characterized by a strong backbeat grew
A8JdQjIW6_U-01954-00662765-00663041 electrified sounds and often the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01955-00663042-00663264 presence of electronic analog
A8JdQjIW6_U-01956-00663265-00663656 synthesizers jazz funk also draws
A8JdQjIW6_U-01957-00663657-00663929 influences from traditional African
A8JdQjIW6_U-01958-00663930-00664231 music afro-cuban rhythms and Jamaican
A8JdQjIW6_U-01959-00664232-00664553 reggae notably Kingston bandleader Sonny
A8JdQjIW6_U-01960-00664554-00664937 Bradshaw another feature as the shift of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01961-00664938-00665156 emphasis from improvisation to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01962-00665157-00665437 composition Arrangements melody and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01963-00665438-00665797 overall writing became important the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01964-00665798-00666166 integration of funk soul and R&B music
A8JdQjIW6_U-01965-00666167-00666472 into jazz resulted in the creation of a
A8JdQjIW6_U-01966-00666473-00666772 genre whose spectrum us wide and ranges
A8JdQjIW6_U-01967-00666773-00667052 from strong jazz improvisation to soul
A8JdQjIW6_U-01968-00667053-00667360 funk or disco with jazz Arrangements
A8JdQjIW6_U-01969-00667361-00667693 jazz riffs and jazz solos and sometimes
A8JdQjIW6_U-01970-00667694-00668012 soul vocals early examples are Herbie
A8JdQjIW6_U-01971-00668013-00668260 Hancock's headhunters band and Miles
A8JdQjIW6_U-01972-00668261-00668608 Davis's on the corner album which in
A8JdQjIW6_U-01973-00668609-00669037 1972 began Davis's foray into jazz funk
A8JdQjIW6_U-01974-00669038-00669281 and was he claimed an attempt at
A8JdQjIW6_U-01975-00669282-00669464 reconnecting with the young black
A8JdQjIW6_U-01976-00669465-00669770 audience which had largely forsaken jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-01977-00669771-00669939 for rock and funk
A8JdQjIW6_U-01978-00669940-00670237 while there is a discernible rock and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01979-00670238-00670466 funk influence in the Timbers of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-01980-00670467-00670727 instruments employed other tonal and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01981-00670728-00670979 rhythmic textures such as the Indian
A8JdQjIW6_U-01982-00670980-00671291 Tambora and Tablas and Cuban congas and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01983-00671292-00671683 bongos create a multi-layered soundscape
A8JdQjIW6_U-01984-00671684-00672035 the album was a culmination of sorts of
A8JdQjIW6_U-01985-00672036-00672314 the musique concrète approach that davis
A8JdQjIW6_U-01986-00672315-00672602 and producer teo massero had begun to
A8JdQjIW6_U-01987-00672603-00673431 explore in the late 1960s
A8JdQjIW6_U-01988-00673432-00674206 topic traditionalism in the 1980s
A8JdQjIW6_U-01989-00674207-00674581 the 1980s saw something of a reaction
A8JdQjIW6_U-01990-00674582-00674845 against the fusion and free jazz that
A8JdQjIW6_U-01991-00674846-00675277 had dominated the 1970s trumpeter Wynton
A8JdQjIW6_U-01992-00675278-00675628 Marsalis emerged early in the decade and
A8JdQjIW6_U-01993-00675629-00675889 strove to create music within what he
A8JdQjIW6_U-01994-00675890-00676144 believed was the tradition rejecting
A8JdQjIW6_U-01995-00676145-00676441 both fusion and free jazz and creating
A8JdQjIW6_U-01996-00676442-00676723 extensions of the small and large forms
A8JdQjIW6_U-01997-00676724-00676987 initially pioneered by artists such as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01998-00676988-00677269 Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington as
A8JdQjIW6_U-01999-00677270-00677746 well as the hard bop of the 1950s it is
A8JdQjIW6_U-02000-00677747-00678031 debatable whether Marsalis critical and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02001-00678032-00678283 commercial success was a cause or a
A8JdQjIW6_U-02002-00678284-00678562 symptom of the reaction against fusion
A8JdQjIW6_U-02003-00678563-00678802 and free jazz and the resurgence of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02004-00678803-00679072 interest in the kind of jazz pioneered
A8JdQjIW6_U-02005-00679073-00679483 in the 1960s particularly modal jazz and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02006-00679484-00679729 post Bob nonetheless there were many
A8JdQjIW6_U-02007-00679730-00680011 other manifestations of a resurgence of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02008-00680012-00680299 traditionalism even if fusion and free
A8JdQjIW6_U-02009-00680300-00680584 jazz were by no means abandoned and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02010-00680585-00680904 continued to develop and evolve
A8JdQjIW6_U-02011-00680905-00681225 for example several musicians who had
A8JdQjIW6_U-02012-00681226-00681462 been prominent in the fusion genre
A8JdQjIW6_U-02013-00681463-00681777 during the 1970s began to record
A8JdQjIW6_U-02014-00681778-00682116 acoustic jazz once more including Chick
A8JdQjIW6_U-02015-00682117-00682539 Corea and Herbie Hancock other musicians
A8JdQjIW6_U-02016-00682540-00682785 who had experimented with electronic
A8JdQjIW6_U-02017-00682786-00683040 instruments in the previous decade had
A8JdQjIW6_U-02018-00683041-00683394 abandoned them by the 1980s for example
A8JdQjIW6_U-02019-00683395-00683798 Bill Evans Joe Henderson and Stan Getz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02020-00683799-00684204 even the 1980s music of Miles Davis
A8JdQjIW6_U-02021-00684205-00684510 although certainly still fusion adopted
A8JdQjIW6_U-02022-00684511-00684792 a far more accessible and recognizably
A8JdQjIW6_U-02023-00684793-00685080 jazz oriented approach than his abstract
A8JdQjIW6_U-02024-00685081-00685458 work of the mid-1970s such as a return
A8JdQjIW6_U-02025-00685459-00685797 to a theme and solos approach
A8JdQjIW6_U-02026-00685798-00686086 the emergence of young jazz talent
A8JdQjIW6_U-02027-00686087-00686295 beginning to perform in older
A8JdQjIW6_U-02028-00686296-00686569 established musicians groups further
A8JdQjIW6_U-02029-00686570-00686758 impacted the resurgence of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02030-00686759-00687109 traditionalism in the jazz community in
A8JdQjIW6_U-02031-00687110-00687514 the 1970s the groups of Betty Carter and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02032-00687515-00687714 Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers
A8JdQjIW6_U-02033-00687715-00687958 retained their conservative jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02034-00687959-00688201 approaches in the midst of fusion and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02035-00688202-00688492 jazz rock and in addition to difficulty
A8JdQjIW6_U-02036-00688493-00688729 booking their acts struggled to find
A8JdQjIW6_U-02037-00688730-00688999 younger generations of personnel to
A8JdQjIW6_U-02038-00689000-00689254 authentically play traditional styles
A8JdQjIW6_U-02039-00689255-00689682 such as hard bop and Bebop in the late
A8JdQjIW6_U-02040-00689683-00690040 1970s however a resurgence of younger
A8JdQjIW6_U-02041-00690041-00690370 jazz players in Blakey's band began to
A8JdQjIW6_U-02042-00690371-00690754 occur this movement included musicians
A8JdQjIW6_U-02043-00690755-00691045 such as Valerie pone Amara and Bobby
A8JdQjIW6_U-02044-00691046-00691503 Watson Denis Irwin and James Williams
A8JdQjIW6_U-02045-00691504-00691857 in the 1980s in addition to Winton and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02046-00691858-00692124 Branford Marsalis the emergence of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02047-00692125-00692412 pianists in the Jazz Messengers such as
A8JdQjIW6_U-02048-00692413-00692697 Donald Brown mulgrew miller and later
A8JdQjIW6_U-02049-00692698-00693021 Benny green bassist such as Charles
A8JdQjIW6_U-02050-00693022-00693372 Fambrough Lonnie Plaxico and later Peter
A8JdQjIW6_U-02051-00693373-00693681 Washington and Essie asea horn players
A8JdQjIW6_U-02052-00693682-00693846 such as Bill Pierce
A8JdQjIW6_U-02053-00693847-00694161 Donald Harrison and later Javon Jackson
A8JdQjIW6_U-02054-00694162-00694383 and Terence Blanchard emerged as
A8JdQjIW6_U-02055-00694384-00694710 talented jazz musicians all of whom made
A8JdQjIW6_U-02056-00694711-00695064 significant contributions in the 1990s
A8JdQjIW6_U-02057-00695065-00695528 and 2000's the young Jazz Messengers
A8JdQjIW6_U-02058-00695529-00695792 contemporaries including Roy Hargrove
A8JdQjIW6_U-02059-00695793-00696129 Marcus Roberts wallace roney and Mark
A8JdQjIW6_U-02060-00696130-00696441 Whitfield were also influenced by Wynton
A8JdQjIW6_U-02061-00696442-00696797 Marsalis emphasis toward Jazz tradition
A8JdQjIW6_U-02062-00696798-00697158 these younger rising stars rejected
A8JdQjIW6_U-02063-00697159-00697386 avant-garde approaches and instead
A8JdQjIW6_U-02064-00697387-00697665 championed the acoustic jazz sound of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02065-00697666-00697971 Charlie Parker Thelonious Monk and early
A8JdQjIW6_U-02066-00697972-00698229 recordings of the first Miles Davis
A8JdQjIW6_U-02067-00698230-00698793 quintet this group of Young Lions sought
A8JdQjIW6_U-02068-00698794-00699114 to reaffirm jazz as a high art tradition
A8JdQjIW6_U-02069-00699115-00699303 comparable to the discipline of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02070-00699304-00699432 classical music
A8JdQjIW6_U-02071-00699433-00699729 in addition Betty Carter's rotation of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02072-00699730-00699918 young musicians in her group
A8JdQjIW6_U-02073-00699919-00700149 foreshadowed many of New York's
A8JdQjIW6_U-02074-00700150-00700395 preeminent traditional jazz players
A8JdQjIW6_U-02075-00700396-00700610 later in their careers
A8JdQjIW6_U-02076-00700611-00700896 among these musicians were jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02077-00700897-00701226 messenger alumni Benny green Branford
A8JdQjIW6_U-02078-00701227-00701565 Marsalis and Ralph Peterson jr. as well
A8JdQjIW6_U-02079-00701566-00701880 as Kenny Washington Lewis Nash Curtis
A8JdQjIW6_U-02080-00701881-00702216 Lundy Cyrus chestnut mark Shem Craig
A8JdQjIW6_U-02081-00702217-00702288 handy
A8JdQjIW6_U-02082-00702289-00702579 Greg Hutchinson and Marc carry tourists
A8JdQjIW6_U-02083-00702580-00703068 Mateen and Jerry Allen OTB ensemble
A8JdQjIW6_U-02084-00703069-00703317 included a rotation of young jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02085-00703318-00703614 musicians such as Kenny Garrett Steve
A8JdQjIW6_U-02086-00703615-00703686 Wilson
A8JdQjIW6_U-02087-00703687-00704070 Kenny Davis Rene Roz Ness Ralph Peterson
A8JdQjIW6_U-02088-00704071-00704466 Jr Billy Drummond and Robert Hurst a
A8JdQjIW6_U-02089-00704467-00704772 similar reaction took place against free
A8JdQjIW6_U-02090-00704773-00704902 jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02091-00704903-00705241 according to ted gioia
A8JdQjIW6_U-02092-00705242-00705460 the very leaders of the avant-garde
A8JdQjIW6_U-02093-00705461-00705731 started to signal a retreat from the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02094-00705732-00706130 core principles of free jazz anthony
A8JdQjIW6_U-02095-00706131-00706420 braxton began recording standards over
A8JdQjIW6_U-02096-00706421-00706768 familiar chord changes Cecil Taylor
A8JdQjIW6_U-02097-00706769-00707057 played duets in concert with Mary Lou
A8JdQjIW6_U-02098-00707058-00707345 Williams and let her set out structured
A8JdQjIW6_U-02099-00707346-00707654 harmonies and familiar jazz vocabulary
A8JdQjIW6_U-02100-00707655-00707947 under his blistering keyboard attack and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02101-00707948-00708268 the next generation of progressive
A8JdQjIW6_U-02102-00708269-00708541 players would be even more accommodating
A8JdQjIW6_U-02103-00708542-00708839 moving inside and outside the changes
A8JdQjIW6_U-02104-00708840-00709222 without thinking twice musicians such as
A8JdQjIW6_U-02105-00709223-00709532 David Murray or Don pullin may have felt
A8JdQjIW6_U-02106-00709533-00709835 the call of freeform jazz but they never
A8JdQjIW6_U-02107-00709836-00710099 forgot all the other ways one could play
A8JdQjIW6_U-02108-00710100-00710378 African American music for fun and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02109-00710379-00710535 profit
A8JdQjIW6_U-02110-00710536-00710931 pianist Keith Jarrett whose bands of the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02111-00710932-00711202 1970s had played only original
A8JdQjIW6_U-02112-00711203-00711462 compositions with prominent free jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02113-00711463-00711753 elements established his so-called
A8JdQjIW6_U-02114-00711754-00712168 standards trio in 1983 which although
A8JdQjIW6_U-02115-00712169-00712480 also occasionally exploring collective
A8JdQjIW6_U-02116-00712481-00712735 improvisation has primarily performed
A8JdQjIW6_U-02117-00712736-00713166 and recorded jazz standards Chick Corea
A8JdQjIW6_U-02118-00713167-00713512 similarly began exploring jazz standards
A8JdQjIW6_U-02119-00713513-00713841 in the 1980s having neglected them for
A8JdQjIW6_U-02120-00713842-00714133 the 1970s
A8JdQjIW6_U-02121-00714134-00714511 in 1987 the United States House of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02122-00714512-00714781 Representatives and Senate passed a bill
A8JdQjIW6_U-02123-00714782-00715072 proposed by Democratic Representative
A8JdQjIW6_U-02124-00715073-00715408 John Conyers jr. to define jazz as a
A8JdQjIW6_U-02125-00715409-00715726 unique form of American music stating
A8JdQjIW6_U-02126-00715727-00716131 jazz is hereby designated as a rare and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02127-00716132-00716455 valuable national American treasure to
A8JdQjIW6_U-02128-00716456-00716682 which we should devote our attention
A8JdQjIW6_U-02129-00716683-00717028 support and resources to make certain it
A8JdQjIW6_U-02130-00717029-00717483 is preserved understood and promulgated
A8JdQjIW6_U-02131-00717484-00717906 it passed in the house on September 23rd
A8JdQjIW6_U-02132-00717907-00718305 1987 and in the Senate on November 4th
A8JdQjIW6_U-02133-00718306-00718925 1987
A8JdQjIW6_U-02134-00718926-00719535 topic smooth jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02135-00719536-00719937 in the early 1980s a commercial form of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02136-00719938-00720480 jazz fusion called pop fusion or smooth
A8JdQjIW6_U-02137-00720481-00720872 jazz became successful garnering
A8JdQjIW6_U-02138-00720873-00721307 significant radio airplay in Quiet Storm
A8JdQjIW6_U-02139-00721308-00721683 time slots at radio stations in urban
A8JdQjIW6_U-02140-00721684-00722058 markets across the u.s. this helped to
A8JdQjIW6_U-02141-00722059-00722304 establish or bolster the careers of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02142-00722305-00722610 vocalists including Al Jarreau Anita
A8JdQjIW6_U-02143-00722611-00722990 Baker Chaka Khan and Shaw Day as well as
A8JdQjIW6_U-02144-00722991-00723237 saxophonists including Grover Washington
A8JdQjIW6_U-02145-00723238-00723552 Jr Kenny G Kirk Whalum
A8JdQjIW6_U-02146-00723553-00724044 bony James and David Sanborn in general
A8JdQjIW6_U-02147-00724045-00724389 smooth jazz as downtempo the most widely
A8JdQjIW6_U-02148-00724390-00724779 played tracks are of 90 to 105 beats per
A8JdQjIW6_U-02149-00724780-00725007 minute and has a lead melody playing
A8JdQjIW6_U-02150-00725008-00725337 instrument saxophone especially soprano
A8JdQjIW6_U-02151-00725338-00725655 and tenor and legato electric guitar are
A8JdQjIW6_U-02152-00725656-00726111 popular in his Newsweek article the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02153-00726112-00726516 problem with jazz criticism Stanley
A8JdQjIW6_U-02154-00726517-00726837 Crouch considers Miles Davis's playing a
A8JdQjIW6_U-02155-00726838-00727104 fusion to be a turning point that led to
A8JdQjIW6_U-02156-00727105-00727554 smooth jazz critic Aaron J West has
A8JdQjIW6_U-02157-00727555-00727806 countered the often negative perceptions
A8JdQjIW6_U-02158-00727807-00728253 of smooth jazz stating I challenge the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02159-00728254-00728493 prevalent marginalization and malign
A8JdQjIW6_U-02160-00728494-00728796 'men of smooth jazz in the standard jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02161-00728797-00729153 narrative furthermore I questioned the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02162-00729154-00729396 assumption that smooth jazz as an
A8JdQjIW6_U-02163-00729397-00729681 unfortunate and unwelcomed evolutionary
A8JdQjIW6_U-02164-00729682-00730113 outcome of the jazz fusion era instead I
A8JdQjIW6_U-02165-00730114-00730407 argue that smooth jazz as a long-lived
A8JdQjIW6_U-02166-00730408-00730673 musical style that merits
A8JdQjIW6_U-02167-00730674-00730902 multidisciplinary analyses of its
A8JdQjIW6_U-02168-00730903-00731223 origins critical dialogues performance
A8JdQjIW6_U-02169-00731224-00731587 practice and reception
A8JdQjIW6_U-02170-00731588-00732014 topic acid jazz new jazz and jazz rap
A8JdQjIW6_U-02171-00732015-00732337 acid jazz developed in the UK in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02172-00732338-00732797 1980s and 1990s influenced by jazz funk
A8JdQjIW6_U-02173-00732798-00733200 and electronic dance music acid jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02174-00733201-00733470 often contains various types of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02175-00733471-00733710 electronic composition sometimes
A8JdQjIW6_U-02176-00733711-00734028 including sampling music or a live DJ
A8JdQjIW6_U-02177-00734029-00734328 cutting and scratching but it is just as
A8JdQjIW6_U-02178-00734329-00734612 likely to be played live by musicians
A8JdQjIW6_U-02179-00734613-00734922 who often showcase jazz interpretation
A8JdQjIW6_U-02180-00734923-00735266 as part of their performance richard s
A8JdQjIW6_U-02181-00735267-00735587 janelle of allmusic considers roy iers
A8JdQjIW6_U-02182-00735588-00735882 one of the prophets of acid jazz new
A8JdQjIW6_U-02183-00735883-00736191 jazz as influenced by jazz harmony and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02184-00736192-00736454 melodies and there are usually no
A8JdQjIW6_U-02185-00736455-00736841 improvisational aspects it can be very
A8JdQjIW6_U-02186-00736842-00737103 experimental in nature and can vary
A8JdQjIW6_U-02187-00737104-00737532 widely in sound and concept it ranges
A8JdQjIW6_U-02188-00737533-00737708 from the combination of live
A8JdQjIW6_U-02189-00737709-00737966 instrumentation with the beats of jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02190-00737967-00738279 house as exemplified by saint german
A8JdQjIW6_U-02191-00738280-00738618 jazz ANOVA and Fela Brasilia to more
A8JdQjIW6_U-02192-00738619-00738882 band based improvised jazz with
A8JdQjIW6_U-02193-00738883-00739124 electronic elements for example the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02194-00739125-00739397 cinematic orchestra Kobol and the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02195-00739398-00739722 Norwegian future jazz style pioneered by
A8JdQjIW6_U-02196-00739723-00740001 bug Wesselhoft Jagga jasoos
A8JdQjIW6_U-02197-00740002-00740391 and Nils Petter mole higher jazz rap
A8JdQjIW6_U-02198-00740392-00740697 developed in the late 1980s and early
A8JdQjIW6_U-02199-00740698-00741105 1990s and incorporates jazz influences
A8JdQjIW6_U-02200-00741106-00741597 into hip hop in 1988 Gang Starr released
A8JdQjIW6_U-02201-00741598-00741954 the debut single words I manifest which
A8JdQjIW6_U-02202-00741955-00742370 sampled Dizzy Gillespie's 1962 night in
A8JdQjIW6_U-02203-00742371-00742616 Tunisia and Stetson sonic released
A8JdQjIW6_U-02204-00742617-00742905 talkin all that jazz which sampled
A8JdQjIW6_U-02205-00742906-00743322 Lonnie Liston Smith Gang stars debut LP
A8JdQjIW6_U-02206-00743323-00743901 no more mr. nice guy 1989 and their 1990
A8JdQjIW6_U-02207-00743902-00744237 track jazz thing sampled Charlie Parker
A8JdQjIW6_U-02208-00744238-00744603 and Ramsey Lewis the groups which made
A8JdQjIW6_U-02209-00744604-00744843 up the Native Tongues posse tended
A8JdQjIW6_U-02210-00744844-00744942 toward jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02211-00744943-00745197 releases these include the jungle
A8JdQjIW6_U-02212-00745198-00745478 brothers debut straight out the jungle
A8JdQjIW6_U-02213-00745479-00745827 1988 and a tribe called quest's people's
A8JdQjIW6_U-02214-00745828-00746070 instinctive travels and the paths of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02215-00746071-00746606 rhythm 1990 and the Low End Theory 1991
A8JdQjIW6_U-02216-00746607-00747011 rap duo Pete Rock and CL Smooth
A8JdQjIW6_U-02217-00747012-00747314 incorporated jazz influences on their
A8JdQjIW6_U-02218-00747315-00747725 1992 debut Mecca and the soul brother
A8JdQjIW6_U-02219-00747726-00748139 rapper gurus Jazzmatazz series began in
A8JdQjIW6_U-02220-00748140-00748530 1993 using jazz musicians during the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02221-00748531-00748727 studio recordings
A8JdQjIW6_U-02222-00748728-00749028 although jazz rap had achieved little
A8JdQjIW6_U-02223-00749029-00749373 mainstream success Miles Davis's final
A8JdQjIW6_U-02224-00749374-00749717 album dubab released posthumously in
A8JdQjIW6_U-02225-00749718-00750080 1992 was based on hip hop beats and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02226-00750081-00750488 collaborations with producer easy Moby
A8JdQjIW6_U-02227-00750489-00750861 Davis's ex-bandmate Herbie Hancock also
A8JdQjIW6_U-02228-00750862-00751134 absorbed hip hop influences in the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02229-00751135-00751530 mid-1990s releasing the album dis as da
A8JdQjIW6_U-02230-00751531-00752277 Drum in 1994
A8JdQjIW6_U-02231-00752278-00752965 topic punk jazz and jazz core
A8JdQjIW6_U-02232-00752966-00753289 the relaxation of Orthodoxy which was
A8JdQjIW6_U-02233-00753290-00753568 concurrent with post-punk in London and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02234-00753569-00753820 New York City led to a new appreciation
A8JdQjIW6_U-02235-00753821-00754339 of jazz in London the pop group began to
A8JdQjIW6_U-02236-00754340-00754636 mix free jazz and dub reggae into their
A8JdQjIW6_U-02237-00754637-00755041 brand of punk rock in New York no wave
A8JdQjIW6_U-02238-00755042-00755356 took direct inspiration from both free
A8JdQjIW6_U-02239-00755357-00755746 jazz and punk examples of this style
A8JdQjIW6_U-02240-00755747-00756115 include Lydia lunches queen of Siam grey
A8JdQjIW6_U-02241-00756116-00756346 the work of James chants and the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02242-00756347-00756619 contortions who mixed soul with free
A8JdQjIW6_U-02243-00756620-00756919 jazz and punk and the Lounge Lizards the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02244-00756920-00757438 first group to call themselves punk jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02245-00757439-00757762 John Zorn took note of the emphasis on
A8JdQjIW6_U-02246-00757763-00758014 speed and dissonance that was becoming
A8JdQjIW6_U-02247-00758015-00758320 prevalent in punk rock and incorporated
A8JdQjIW6_U-02248-00758321-00758596 this into free jazz with the release of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02249-00758597-00759091 the Spy vs spy album in 1986 a
A8JdQjIW6_U-02250-00759092-00759388 collection of ornette coleman tunes done
A8JdQjIW6_U-02251-00759389-00759650 in the contemporary thrash course style
A8JdQjIW6_U-02252-00759651-00759904 in the same year
A8JdQjIW6_U-02253-00759905-00760204 sonny sherek peter bratzman bill Laswell
A8JdQjIW6_U-02254-00760205-00760529 and ronald shannon Jackson recorded the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02255-00760530-00760822 first album under the name last exit a
A8JdQjIW6_U-02256-00760823-00761108 similarly aggressive blend of thrash and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02257-00761109-00761473 free jazz these developments are the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02258-00761474-00761783 origins of jazz core the fusion of free
A8JdQjIW6_U-02259-00761784-00762193 jazz with hardcore punk
A8JdQjIW6_U-02260-00762194-00762511 you
A8JdQjIW6_U-02261-00762512-00763074 topic EMBASE
A8JdQjIW6_U-02262-00763075-00763413 the EMBASE movement started in the 1980s
A8JdQjIW6_U-02263-00763414-00763703 when a loose collective of young
A8JdQjIW6_U-02264-00763704-00763926 african-american musicians in New York
A8JdQjIW6_U-02265-00763927-00764277 which included Steve Coleman Greg Osby
A8JdQjIW6_U-02266-00764278-00764610 and Gary Thomas developed a complex but
A8JdQjIW6_U-02267-00764611-00764844 grooving sound
A8JdQjIW6_U-02268-00764845-00765237 in the 1990s most embased participants
A8JdQjIW6_U-02269-00765238-00765507 turned to more conventional music but
A8JdQjIW6_U-02270-00765508-00765771 Coleman the most active participant
A8JdQjIW6_U-02271-00765772-00766023 continued developing his music in
A8JdQjIW6_U-02272-00766024-00766275 accordance with the M based concept
A8JdQjIW6_U-02273-00766276-00766518 Coleman's audience decreased but his
A8JdQjIW6_U-02274-00766519-00766785 music and concepts influenced many
A8JdQjIW6_U-02275-00766786-00766887 musicians
A8JdQjIW6_U-02276-00766888-00767208 according to pianist VJ Iver and critic
A8JdQjIW6_U-02277-00767209-00767523 Ben Ratliff of the New York Times M bass
A8JdQjIW6_U-02278-00767524-00767751 changed from a movement of a loose
A8JdQjIW6_U-02279-00767752-00768030 collective of young musicians to a kind
A8JdQjIW6_U-02280-00768031-00768438 of informal Coleman school with a much
A8JdQjIW6_U-02281-00768439-00768720 advanced but already originally implied
A8JdQjIW6_U-02282-00768721-00769128 concept Steve Coleman's music and M bass
A8JdQjIW6_U-02283-00769129-00769458 concept gained recognition as next
A8JdQjIW6_U-02284-00769459-00769890 logical step after Charlie Parker John
A8JdQjIW6_U-02285-00769891-00770478 Coltrane and Ornette Coleman topic 1990s
A8JdQjIW6_U-02286-00770479-00770835 present since the 1990s jazz has been
A8JdQjIW6_U-02287-00770836-00771138 characterized by a pluralism in which no
A8JdQjIW6_U-02288-00771139-00771441 one style dominates but rather a wide
A8JdQjIW6_U-02289-00771442-00771848 range of styles and genres are popular
A8JdQjIW6_U-02290-00771849-00772158 individual performers often play in a
A8JdQjIW6_U-02291-00772159-00772476 variety of styles sometimes in the same
A8JdQjIW6_U-02292-00772477-00772830 performance pianist Brad Mehldau
A8JdQjIW6_U-02293-00772831-00773034 and the Bad Plus have explored
A8JdQjIW6_U-02294-00773035-00773295 contemporary rock music within the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02295-00773296-00773589 context of the traditional jazz acoustic
A8JdQjIW6_U-02296-00773590-00773907 piano trio recording instrumental jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02297-00773908-00774342 versions of songs by rock musicians the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02298-00774343-00774621 Bad Plus have also incorporated elements
A8JdQjIW6_U-02299-00774622-00775047 of free jazz into their music a firm
A8JdQjIW6_U-02300-00775048-00775359 avant-garde or free jazz stance has been
A8JdQjIW6_U-02301-00775360-00775634 maintained by some players such as
A8JdQjIW6_U-02302-00775635-00775932 saxophonists Greg Osby and Charles Gayle
A8JdQjIW6_U-02303-00775933-00776247 while others such as James Carter have
A8JdQjIW6_U-02304-00776248-00776538 incorporated free jazz elements into a
A8JdQjIW6_U-02305-00776539-00776895 more traditional framework Harry Connick
A8JdQjIW6_U-02306-00776896-00777192 jr. began his career playing stride
A8JdQjIW6_U-02307-00777193-00777501 piano and the Dixieland jazz of his home
A8JdQjIW6_U-02308-00777502-00777777 New Orleans beginning with his first
A8JdQjIW6_U-02309-00777778-00778115 recording when he was 10 years old
A8JdQjIW6_U-02310-00778116-00778406 some of his earliest lessons were at the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02311-00778407-00778814 home of pianist Ellis Marsalis Connick
A8JdQjIW6_U-02312-00778815-00779060 had success on the pop charts after
A8JdQjIW6_U-02313-00779061-00779273 recording the soundtrack to the movie
A8JdQjIW6_U-02314-00779274-00779654 When Harry Met Sally which sold over 2
A8JdQjIW6_U-02315-00779655-00780059 million copies crossover success has
A8JdQjIW6_U-02316-00780060-00780392 also been achieved by Diana Krall Norah
A8JdQjIW6_U-02317-00780393-00780722 Jones Cassandra Wilson Kurt Elling and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02318-00780723-00781070 Jamie Cullum a number of players who
A8JdQjIW6_U-02319-00781071-00781292 usually perform in largely
A8JdQjIW6_U-02320-00781293-00781538 straight-ahead settings have emerged
A8JdQjIW6_U-02321-00781539-00781931 since the 1990s including pianists Jason
A8JdQjIW6_U-02322-00781932-00782222 Moran and Vijay Iyer guitarist Curt
A8JdQjIW6_U-02323-00782223-00782552 Rosen Winkle vibraphonist Stefan Harris
A8JdQjIW6_U-02324-00782553-00782819 trumpeters Roy Hargrove and Terence
A8JdQjIW6_U-02325-00782820-00783122 Blanchard saxophonists Chris Potter and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02326-00783123-00783470 Joshua Redman clarinetist ken pawlowski
A8JdQjIW6_U-02327-00783471-00783727 and bassist Christian McBride
A8JdQjIW6_U-02328-00783728-00784046 although jazz-rock fusion reached the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02329-00784047-00784382 height of its popularity in the 1970s
A8JdQjIW6_U-02330-00784383-00784655 the use of electronic instruments and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02331-00784656-00784949 rock derived musical elements in jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02332-00784950-00785416 continued in the 1990s and 2000's
A8JdQjIW6_U-02333-00785417-00785681 musicians using this approach include
A8JdQjIW6_U-02334-00785682-00786038 Pat Metheny John Abercrombie John
A8JdQjIW6_U-02335-00786039-00786427 Scofield and the Swedish group e St
A8JdQjIW6_U-02336-00786428-00786722 since the beginning of the 90s
A8JdQjIW6_U-02337-00786723-00786980 electronic music had significant
A8JdQjIW6_U-02338-00786981-00787244 technical improvements that popularized
A8JdQjIW6_U-02339-00787245-00787532 and created new possibilities for the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02340-00787533-00787855 genre jazz elements such as
A8JdQjIW6_U-02341-00787856-00788147 improvisation rhythmic complexities and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02342-00788148-00788405 harmonic textures were introduced to the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02343-00788406-00788690 genre and consequently had a big impact
A8JdQjIW6_U-02344-00788691-00788978 in new listeners and in some ways kept
A8JdQjIW6_U-02345-00788979-00789257 the versatility of jazz relatable to a
A8JdQjIW6_U-02346-00789258-00789502 newer generation that didn't necessarily
A8JdQjIW6_U-02347-00789503-00789800 relate to what the traditionalists call
A8JdQjIW6_U-02348-00789801-00790225 real jazz Bebop cool and modal jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02349-00790226-00790553 artists like square pusher ethics twin
A8JdQjIW6_U-02350-00790554-00790958 Flying Lotus and subgenres like IDM drum
A8JdQjIW6_U-02351-00790959-00791246 and bass jungle and techno ended up
A8JdQjIW6_U-02352-00791247-00791490 incorporating a lot of these L
A8JdQjIW6_U-02353-00791491-00791802 it's square pusher being cited as one
A8JdQjIW6_U-02354-00791803-00792081 big influence for jazz performers
A8JdQjIW6_U-02355-00792082-00792378 drummer mark Julianne and pianist Brad
A8JdQjIW6_U-02356-00792379-00792621 Mehldau showing the correlations between
A8JdQjIW6_U-02357-00792622-00792978 jazz and electronic music or a two-way
A8JdQjIW6_U-02358-00792979-00793026 street
A8JdQjIW6_U-02359-00793027-00793464 in 2001 Ken Burns's documentary jazz was
A8JdQjIW6_U-02360-00793465-00793626 premiered on PBS
A8JdQjIW6_U-02361-00793627-00793881 featuring Wynton Marsalis and other
A8JdQjIW6_U-02362-00793882-00794166 experts reviewing the entire history of
A8JdQjIW6_U-02363-00794167-00794580 American jazz to that time it received
A8JdQjIW6_U-02364-00794581-00794886 some criticism however for its failure
A8JdQjIW6_U-02365-00794887-00795120 to reflect the many distinctive non
A8JdQjIW6_U-02366-00795121-00795411 American traditions and styles in jazz
A8JdQjIW6_U-02367-00795412-00795630 that had developed and it's limited
A8JdQjIW6_U-02368-00795631-00795933 representation of u.s. development in
A8JdQjIW6_U-02369-00795934-00796332 the last quarter of the 20th century the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02370-00796333-00796587 mid 2010's have seen an increasing
A8JdQjIW6_U-02371-00796588-00796998 influence of R&B hip-hop and pop music
A8JdQjIW6_U-02372-00796999-00797361 on jazz in 2015
A8JdQjIW6_U-02373-00797362-00797610 Kendrick Lamar released his third studio
A8JdQjIW6_U-02374-00797611-00798039 album to pimp a butterfly the album
A8JdQjIW6_U-02375-00798040-00798309 heavily featured prominent contemporary
A8JdQjIW6_U-02376-00798310-00798582 jazz artists such as Thundercat and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02377-00798583-00798900 redefined jazz rap with a larger focus
A8JdQjIW6_U-02378-00798901-00799191 on improvisation and live soloing rather
A8JdQjIW6_U-02379-00799192-00799620 than simply sampling in that same year
A8JdQjIW6_U-02380-00799621-00799926 saxophonist Kumasi washington released
A8JdQjIW6_U-02381-00799927-00800241 his nearly three hour long debut the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02382-00800242-00800703 epic it's hip hop inspired beats and R&B
A8JdQjIW6_U-02383-00800704-00800979 vocal interludes was not only acclaimed
A8JdQjIW6_U-02384-00800980-00801216 by critics for being innovative in
A8JdQjIW6_U-02385-00801217-00801534 keeping jazz relevant but also sparked a
A8JdQjIW6_U-02386-00801535-00801887 small resurgence in jazz on the Internet
A8JdQjIW6_U-02387-00801888-00802233 another Internet aided trend of 2010's
A8JdQjIW6_U-02388-00802234-00802535 jazz as that of extreme reharmonization
A8JdQjIW6_U-02389-00802536-00802890 inspired by both virtuosic players known
A8JdQjIW6_U-02390-00802891-00803142 for their speed and rhythm such as Art
A8JdQjIW6_U-02391-00803143-00803424 Tatum as well as players known for their
A8JdQjIW6_U-02392-00803425-00803697 ambitious voicings and chords such as
A8JdQjIW6_U-02393-00803698-00804111 Bill Evans supergroup snarky puppy has
A8JdQjIW6_U-02394-00804112-00804369 adopted this trend and has allowed for
A8JdQjIW6_U-02395-00804370-00804630 players like Corey Henry to shape the
A8JdQjIW6_U-02396-00804631-00804855 grooves and harmonies of modern
A8JdQjIW6_U-02397-00804856-00805278 jazz soloing YouTube phenomenon Jakob
A8JdQjIW6_U-02398-00805279-00805566 Collier also gained recognition for his
A8JdQjIW6_U-02399-00805567-00805809 ability to play an incredibly large
A8JdQjIW6_U-02400-00805810-00806073 number of instruments and his ability to
A8JdQjIW6_U-02401-00806074-00806421 use microtones advanced poly rhythms and
A8JdQjIW6_U-02402-00806422-00806682 blend a spectrum of genres in his
A8JdQjIW6_U-02403-00806683-00807499 largely homemade production process
A8JdQjIW6_U-02404-00807500-00808088 topic see also
A8JdQjIW6_U-02405-00808089-00808499 equals equals notes