8fe9LGtLgog-00000-00000008-00000295 a lot about jewish languages and
8fe9LGtLgog-00001-00000296-00000630 especially about jewish neo-aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00002-00000631-00000854 and you're going to learn a lot more in
8fe9LGtLgog-00003-00000855-00001150 this session today
8fe9LGtLgog-00004-00001151-00001439 and let me start by sharing some slides
8fe9LGtLgog-00005-00001440-00003367 with you
8fe9LGtLgog-00006-00003368-00003599 the jewish language project
8fe9LGtLgog-00007-00003600-00003886 promotes research on awareness about an
8fe9LGtLgog-00008-00003887-00004070 engagement surrounding the many
8fe9LGtLgog-00009-00004071-00004295 languages spoken and written by jews
8fe9LGtLgog-00010-00004296-00004599 throughout history and around the world
8fe9LGtLgog-00011-00004600-00004847 and the most urgent task in this work is
8fe9LGtLgog-00012-00004848-00005199 to document endangered languages
8fe9LGtLgog-00013-00005200-00005422 and we work with our partner
8fe9LGtLgog-00014-00005423-00005775 organizations including wikitongs and
8fe9LGtLgog-00015-00005776-00005983 living tongues institute for endangered
8fe9LGtLgog-00016-00005984-00006318 languages and lashon or mother tongue in
8fe9LGtLgog-00017-00006319-00006518 israel and the endangered language
8fe9LGtLgog-00018-00006519-00006751 alliance in new york all of which are
8fe9LGtLgog-00019-00006752-00007127 recording speakers of endangered jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-00020-00007128-00007255 languages
8fe9LGtLgog-00021-00007256-00007455 and also with the northeastern
8fe9LGtLgog-00022-00007456-00007734 neo-aramaic database that professor
8fe9LGtLgog-00023-00007736-00007967 jeffrey khan is going to tell you about
8fe9LGtLgog-00024-00007968-00008255 that is recording jewish neo-aramaic in
8fe9LGtLgog-00025-00008256-00008383 particular
8fe9LGtLgog-00026-00008384-00008703 and we have raised um some money for
8fe9LGtLgog-00027-00008704-00009039 this important documentation work and we
8fe9LGtLgog-00028-00009040-00009223 urge you we'll give you the link at the
8fe9LGtLgog-00029-00009224-00009487 end of this session we urge you to
8fe9LGtLgog-00030-00009488-00009910 contribute to this this urgent work
8fe9LGtLgog-00031-00009911-00010127 another important component
8fe9LGtLgog-00032-00010128-00010399 of this work is to raise awareness
8fe9LGtLgog-00033-00010400-00010510 about
8fe9LGtLgog-00034-00010511-00010791 jewish languages and the jewish language
8fe9LGtLgog-00035-00010792-00011023 project does this in a number of ways we
8fe9LGtLgog-00036-00011024-00011367 have a website jewishlanguages.org
8fe9LGtLgog-00037-00011368-00011591 where there is lots of information about
8fe9LGtLgog-00038-00011592-00011878 many jewish languages and we post on
8fe9LGtLgog-00039-00011879-00012127 social media on facebook twitter and
8fe9LGtLgog-00040-00012128-00012295 instagram including
8fe9LGtLgog-00041-00012296-00012551 fun facts which you just saw at the
8fe9LGtLgog-00042-00012552-00012822 beginning of this show and we have
8fe9LGtLgog-00043-00012823-00013135 videos on youtube including many of
8fe9LGtLgog-00044-00013136-00013447 endangered jewish languages and we have
8fe9LGtLgog-00045-00013447-00013766 events on jewish english ladino buharian
8fe9LGtLgog-00046-00013768-00014055 judeo-arabic sephardic jewish popumento
8fe9LGtLgog-00047-00014056-00014319 and more and this event series that
8fe9LGtLgog-00048-00014319-00014494 you're currently attending
8fe9LGtLgog-00049-00014495-00014751 is spotlighting iran
8fe9LGtLgog-00050-00014752-00015007 and the first event in our session was a
8fe9LGtLgog-00051-00015008-00015311 historical and linguistic overview of
8fe9LGtLgog-00052-00015312-00015591 jewish languages in iran and the last
8fe9LGtLgog-00053-00015591-00015879 event focused on median languages like
8fe9LGtLgog-00054-00015880-00016103 judeo hamadani judeo-isfahani
8fe9LGtLgog-00055-00016104-00016247 judeo-yazdi
8fe9LGtLgog-00056-00016247-00016543 and others and today we'll be focusing
8fe9LGtLgog-00057-00016544-00016811 on the kurdish region on the jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-00058-00016812-00017167 neo-aramaic spoken by kurdish jews and
8fe9LGtLgog-00059-00017168-00017375 then our final event in the series will
8fe9LGtLgog-00060-00017376-00017639 be in march and that will focus on
8fe9LGtLgog-00061-00017640-00017983 judeo-persian in the 20th century
8fe9LGtLgog-00062-00017984-00018286 and focusing on the shift from
8fe9LGtLgog-00063-00018287-00018591 languages that had long been spoken to
8fe9LGtLgog-00064-00018592-00018871 more standardized persian and to the
8fe9LGtLgog-00065-00018872-00019286 more jewish versions of persian
8fe9LGtLgog-00066-00019287-00019630 so how do the jewish neo-aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00067-00019631-00019886 dialects of various towns compared to
8fe9LGtLgog-00068-00019887-00020094 each other and how do the dialects of
8fe9LGtLgog-00069-00020095-00020391 jews and christians compare what work is
8fe9LGtLgog-00070-00020392-00020639 currently being done to record jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-00071-00020640-00020871 neo-aramaic and share it with the public
8fe9LGtLgog-00072-00020872-00021143 and why is this work so important today
8fe9LGtLgog-00073-00021144-00021311 you'll be getting answers to those
8fe9LGtLgog-00074-00021312-00021455 questions
8fe9LGtLgog-00075-00021456-00021647 this is the order of events for today
8fe9LGtLgog-00076-00021648-00021903 first i'm going to show a short film by
8fe9LGtLgog-00077-00021904-00022039 alan niku
8fe9LGtLgog-00078-00022040-00022158 and then
8fe9LGtLgog-00079-00022159-00022343 professor jeffrey khan is going to give
8fe9LGtLgog-00080-00022344-00022614 a historical and linguistic overview and
8fe9LGtLgog-00081-00022615-00022927 then shana's yusef najadian is going to
8fe9LGtLgog-00082-00022928-00023175 share information about the dictionary
8fe9LGtLgog-00083-00023176-00023414 she has been working on and then ariel
8fe9LGtLgog-00084-00023415-00023686 nosrad is going to talk about the
8fe9LGtLgog-00085-00023687-00023919 organization that he runs in israel
8fe9LGtLgog-00086-00023920-00024239 called the leeshana institute alan niku
8fe9LGtLgog-00087-00024240-00024550 a heritage learner of jewish neo-aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00088-00024551-00024783 we'll talk about why he decided to learn
8fe9LGtLgog-00089-00024784-00024942 this language and
8fe9LGtLgog-00090-00024943-00025191 and what he thinks is the future of it
8fe9LGtLgog-00091-00025192-00025503 and then musicians adi kadusi and alon
8fe9LGtLgog-00092-00025504-00025783 azizi will explain why they have been
8fe9LGtLgog-00093-00025783-00026022 recording music in their ancestral
8fe9LGtLgog-00094-00026023-00026302 language of jewish neo aramaic and then
8fe9LGtLgog-00095-00026304-00026535 will be honored to share
8fe9LGtLgog-00096-00026536-00026831 the world premiere of two songs from
8fe9LGtLgog-00097-00026832-00027102 their upcoming album and then we'll have
8fe9LGtLgog-00098-00027104-00027335 discussion and q a
8fe9LGtLgog-00099-00027336-00027543 and at any time during today's session
8fe9LGtLgog-00100-00027544-00027743 you can write your questions using the q
8fe9LGtLgog-00101-00027744-00027990 a feature at the bottom of your zoom
8fe9LGtLgog-00102-00027991-00028087 screen
8fe9LGtLgog-00103-00028088-00028335 and all of the event today will be
8fe9LGtLgog-00104-00028336-00028614 recorded except for the music part and
8fe9LGtLgog-00105-00028616-00028895 will be posted on our website tomorrow
8fe9LGtLgog-00106-00028895-00029270 jewish languages.org on the events page
8fe9LGtLgog-00107-00029272-00029446 here we go
8fe9LGtLgog-00108-00029447-00029639 so first let me share
8fe9LGtLgog-00109-00029639-00029799 the video
8fe9LGtLgog-00110-00029800-00030111 of um that alan niku created it's a
8fe9LGtLgog-00111-00030112-00030239 short film
8fe9LGtLgog-00112-00030239-00030423 about the
8fe9LGtLgog-00113-00030424-00030607 um
8fe9LGtLgog-00114-00030608-00032861 uh about jewish neo aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00115-00032862-00033151 [Music]
8fe9LGtLgog-00116-00033152-00033423 throughout history jews have been a part
8fe9LGtLgog-00117-00033424-00033702 of and apart from the surrounding
8fe9LGtLgog-00118-00033703-00033959 society this is reflected in their
8fe9LGtLgog-00119-00033960-00034211 languages from judeo-italian to
8fe9LGtLgog-00120-00034212-00034479 judeo-arabic similar to the surrounding
8fe9LGtLgog-00121-00034480-00034695 language but with distinctive jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-00122-00034696-00034799 features
8fe9LGtLgog-00123-00034800-00034983 we see these trends in the kurdish
8fe9LGtLgog-00124-00034984-00035199 region where jewish neo-aramaic was
8fe9LGtLgog-00125-00035200-00036735 spoken
8fe9LGtLgog-00126-00036736-00037215 [Music]
8fe9LGtLgog-00127-00037216-00037383 after the jews were taken into the
8fe9LGtLgog-00128-00037384-00037623 babylonian captivity many of the new
8fe9LGtLgog-00129-00037624-00037815 writings were in aramaic instead of
8fe9LGtLgog-00130-00037816-00038095 hebrew this includes much of the books
8fe9LGtLgog-00131-00038096-00038374 of daniel and ezra along with famous
8fe9LGtLgog-00132-00038375-00038599 prayers such as the radish which were
8fe9LGtLgog-00133-00038600-00038839 included in the prayer liturgy
8fe9LGtLgog-00134-00038840-00039111 the syrian alphabet which we now know as
8fe9LGtLgog-00135-00039112-00039343 the hebrew alphabet was also adopted at
8fe9LGtLgog-00136-00039344-00039495 this time
8fe9LGtLgog-00137-00039496-00039702 hundreds of years after the destruction
8fe9LGtLgog-00138-00039703-00039935 of the temple jews continued speaking
8fe9LGtLgog-00139-00039936-00040167 and writing in aramaic leading to the
8fe9LGtLgog-00140-00040168-00040502 talmud in babylonia persia the zohar in
8fe9LGtLgog-00141-00040503-00040799 spain and even songs like khadgarya in
8fe9LGtLgog-00142-00040800-00040951 germany
8fe9LGtLgog-00143-00040952-00041135 but aramaic wasn't just a written
8fe9LGtLgog-00144-00041136-00041407 language from zacho in the west to
8fe9LGtLgog-00145-00041408-00041718 sanandaj and bijar in the east jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-00146-00041719-00041911 communities developed the language for
8fe9LGtLgog-00147-00041912-00042127 thousands of years speaking it alongside
8fe9LGtLgog-00148-00042128-00042358 more dominant languages as they rose and
8fe9LGtLgog-00149-00042359-00042535 fell
8fe9LGtLgog-00150-00042536-00043223 right
8fe9LGtLgog-00151-00043224-00044527 again
8fe9LGtLgog-00152-00044528-00044751 the jewish dialects of aramaic like
8fe9LGtLgog-00153-00044752-00044951 other jewish languages include many
8fe9LGtLgog-00154-00044952-00045215 loanwords from hebrew but while many
8fe9LGtLgog-00155-00045216-00045439 jews learn aramaic in order to study the
8fe9LGtLgog-00156-00045440-00045655 talmud they wouldn't quite understand
8fe9LGtLgog-00157-00045656-00045846 the jewish neo-aramaic languages that
8fe9LGtLgog-00158-00045847-00046174 have developed over the last 1500 years
8fe9LGtLgog-00159-00046175-00046407 shifts in grammar pronunciation and
8fe9LGtLgog-00160-00046408-00046630 vocabulary have changed jewish near
8fe9LGtLgog-00161-00046631-00046774 aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00162-00046775-00047062 for example the dialects from sanandaj
8fe9LGtLgog-00163-00047063-00047374 and urumiya in iran include many words
8fe9LGtLgog-00164-00047375-00047630 from persian sourani kurdish
8fe9LGtLgog-00165-00047631-00047967 arabic hebrew and turkish and even some
8fe9LGtLgog-00166-00047968-00048143 of their grammar has been affected by
8fe9LGtLgog-00167-00048144-00050567 those languages
8fe9LGtLgog-00168-00050568-00050751 is so different from assyrian christian
8fe9LGtLgog-00169-00050752-00050990 aramaic dialects that communities in the
8fe9LGtLgog-00170-00050991-00051183 same towns would often not understand
8fe9LGtLgog-00171-00051184-00051287 each other
8fe9LGtLgog-00172-00051288-00051479 jews have many names for their aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00173-00051479-00051790 languages including lee shana noshan or
8fe9LGtLgog-00174-00051791-00051926 lee shan di
8fe9LGtLgog-00175-00051927-00052326 meaning our language and hosaya or
8fe9LGtLgog-00176-00052327-00052591 meaning jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-00177-00052591-00052823 by the mid-20th century most
8fe9LGtLgog-00178-00052824-00053087 aramaic-speaking jews had fled upheavals
8fe9LGtLgog-00179-00053088-00053303 and moved to israel tehran and the
8fe9LGtLgog-00180-00053304-00053463 united states
8fe9LGtLgog-00181-00053464-00053647 there is even a tiny community of
8fe9LGtLgog-00182-00053648-00053942 aramaic speaking jews in kazakhstan who
8fe9LGtLgog-00183-00053944-00054166 fled iran in the last century and call
8fe9LGtLgog-00184-00054167-00054423 themselves the lachlach jews
8fe9LGtLgog-00185-00054424-00054582 today though there are hundreds of
8fe9LGtLgog-00186-00054583-00054759 thousands of jews from the kurdish
8fe9LGtLgog-00187-00054760-00054847 region
8fe9LGtLgog-00188-00054848-00055094 jewish neo-aramaic is being replaced by
8fe9LGtLgog-00189-00055095-00055271 hebrew and english
8fe9LGtLgog-00190-00055272-00055487 while jewish neo-aramaic is critically
8fe9LGtLgog-00191-00055488-00055703 endangered there are small revival
8fe9LGtLgog-00192-00055704-00055975 efforts especially in israel
8fe9LGtLgog-00193-00055976-00056175 there are still living speakers of these
8fe9LGtLgog-00194-00056176-00056382 important languages of the middle east
8fe9LGtLgog-00195-00056383-00056599 so when we discuss jewish languages we
8fe9LGtLgog-00196-00056600-00056775 should remember to include the original
8fe9LGtLgog-00197-00056776-00056991 language of the jewish diaspora
8fe9LGtLgog-00198-00056991-00057372 aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00199-00057373-00058838 [Music]
8fe9LGtLgog-00200-00058839-00059047 well thank you alan for creating that
8fe9LGtLgog-00201-00059048-00059359 wonderful video it's just uh very
8fe9LGtLgog-00202-00059360-00059671 informative and engaging and i think you
8fe9LGtLgog-00203-00059672-00059871 did a great job on it
8fe9LGtLgog-00204-00059872-00060303 so now i am honored to introduce
8fe9LGtLgog-00205-00060304-00060623 professor jeffrey khan he is regis
8fe9LGtLgog-00206-00060624-00060894 professor of hebrew at the university of
8fe9LGtLgog-00207-00060895-00061191 cambridge he received his phd from the
8fe9LGtLgog-00208-00061191-00061415 school of oriental and african studies
8fe9LGtLgog-00209-00061416-00061750 in london in 1984 and his publications
8fe9LGtLgog-00210-00061751-00061975 focus on three main fields biblical
8fe9LGtLgog-00211-00061976-00062159 hebrew language especially from the
8fe9LGtLgog-00212-00062160-00062294 medieval period
8fe9LGtLgog-00213-00062295-00062575 neo-aramaic dialectology and medieval
8fe9LGtLgog-00214-00062576-00062863 arabic documents he's the general editor
8fe9LGtLgog-00215-00062864-00063063 of the encyclopedia of hebrew language
8fe9LGtLgog-00216-00063064-00063375 and linguistics this massive tome and is
8fe9LGtLgog-00217-00063376-00063575 the senior editor of the journal of
8fe9LGtLgog-00218-00063576-00063838 semitic studies and his most recent book
8fe9LGtLgog-00219-00063839-00064159 is the two-volume tiberian pronunciation
8fe9LGtLgog-00220-00064160-00064463 tradition of biblical hebrew
8fe9LGtLgog-00221-00064464-00064830 and jeffrey khan i am going to
8fe9LGtLgog-00222-00064832-00065047 spotlight you and please
8fe9LGtLgog-00223-00065048-00065294 tell us everything you know
8fe9LGtLgog-00224-00065295-00065487 good well thank you very much sarah and
8fe9LGtLgog-00225-00065488-00065679 it's a great honor to be able to speak
8fe9LGtLgog-00226-00065680-00065911 at this event uh and to communicate with
8fe9LGtLgog-00227-00065912-00066079 so many people i see we've got so many
8fe9LGtLgog-00228-00066080-00066343 people here in the in the audience now
8fe9LGtLgog-00229-00066344-00066559 i'm going to i haven't got much time so
8fe9LGtLgog-00230-00066560-00066743 i'll get ahead with my presentation i'm
8fe9LGtLgog-00231-00066744-00066823 going to
8fe9LGtLgog-00232-00066824-00067087 try and share my screen now
8fe9LGtLgog-00233-00067088-00067215 um
8fe9LGtLgog-00234-00067216-00067671 and start my powerpoint um slideshow if
8fe9LGtLgog-00235-00067672-00067838 i can get this to go
8fe9LGtLgog-00236-00067839-00067967 um
8fe9LGtLgog-00237-00067968-00068206 let's take a minute
8fe9LGtLgog-00238-00068207-00068879 um
8fe9LGtLgog-00239-00068880-00069175 try that one oh okay i see it started it
8fe9LGtLgog-00240-00069176-00069350 didn't start at the beginning
8fe9LGtLgog-00241-00069351-00069494 okay so
8fe9LGtLgog-00242-00069495-00069743 jewish harum uh jewish niara makes this
8fe9LGtLgog-00243-00069744-00069887 is what i'm going to talk to you about
8fe9LGtLgog-00244-00069888-00070287 very a quite a quick presentation um
8fe9LGtLgog-00245-00070288-00070399 first of all
8fe9LGtLgog-00246-00070400-00070806 um
8fe9LGtLgog-00247-00070807-00071006 can you see sorry yeah
8fe9LGtLgog-00248-00071007-00071294 so um
8fe9LGtLgog-00249-00071295-00071694 i first of all aramaic um is
8fe9LGtLgog-00250-00071695-00071815 um
8fe9LGtLgog-00251-00071816-00072111 sorry sarah can you see this because i i
8fe9LGtLgog-00252-00072112-00072343 got a message say your screen sharing is
8fe9LGtLgog-00253-00072344-00072615 paused is that correct or no i i can see
8fe9LGtLgog-00254-00072616-00072815 the first slide is that do you move it
8fe9LGtLgog-00255-00072816-00073047 okay all right so i'll go on them
8fe9LGtLgog-00256-00073048-00073294 so um aramaic in antiquity first of all
8fe9LGtLgog-00257-00073295-00073526 aramaic is a very ancient
8fe9LGtLgog-00258-00073527-00073782 a language which has been detested for
8fe9LGtLgog-00259-00073783-00073982 for several thousand years it's first
8fe9LGtLgog-00260-00073983-00074111 attested
8fe9LGtLgog-00261-00074112-00074367 about three thousand years ago before
8fe9LGtLgog-00262-00074368-00074655 the islamic conquests in in antiquity
8fe9LGtLgog-00263-00074656-00074775 particularly at the end of the first
8fe9LGtLgog-00264-00074776-00074991 millennium bce it was
8fe9LGtLgog-00265-00074992-00075215 widely spoken across the mesopotamian
8fe9LGtLgog-00266-00075216-00075399 region and it was indeed the official
8fe9LGtLgog-00267-00075400-00075623 language of the accumulated empire right
8fe9LGtLgog-00268-00075624-00075879 across iran to the
8fe9LGtLgog-00269-00075880-00076119 up to northern india
8fe9LGtLgog-00270-00076120-00076462 now in the modern times aramaic survived
8fe9LGtLgog-00271-00076463-00076775 as a spoken language in three main
8fe9LGtLgog-00272-00076776-00076967 subgroups and these are referred to as
8fe9LGtLgog-00273-00076968-00077294 central neo-aramaic eastern new aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00274-00077295-00077535 generally abbreviated
8fe9LGtLgog-00275-00077536-00077799 neo-mandate and western the aramaic and
8fe9LGtLgog-00276-00077800-00078006 here we see their distribution of these
8fe9LGtLgog-00277-00078007-00078271 sub-groups on the map these are
8fe9LGtLgog-00278-00078272-00078535 essentially islands of aramaic which
8fe9LGtLgog-00279-00078536-00078743 have survived from them we don't see
8fe9LGtLgog-00280-00078744-00078967 your slides we only see the first one so
8fe9LGtLgog-00281-00078968-00079126 why don't you stop the sharon and start
8fe9LGtLgog-00282-00079127-00079215 again
8fe9LGtLgog-00283-00079216-00079359 yes sorry
8fe9LGtLgog-00284-00079360-00079831 um
8fe9LGtLgog-00285-00079832-00080182 okay
8fe9LGtLgog-00286-00080183-00080431 yes you just go to the next slide let's
8fe9LGtLgog-00287-00080432-00080638 just see if the next slide works
8fe9LGtLgog-00288-00080639-00080871 um
8fe9LGtLgog-00289-00080872-00081047 yeah
8fe9LGtLgog-00290-00081048-00081215 one yes that's that's good i'm just
8fe9LGtLgog-00291-00081216-00081455 showing that the four islands of nia
8fe9LGtLgog-00292-00081456-00081638 aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00293-00081639-00081862 are in nina there's northeastern the
8fe9LGtLgog-00294-00081863-00082079 aramaic central near make western near
8fe9LGtLgog-00295-00082080-00082294 make neo monday these are survived from
8fe9LGtLgog-00296-00082295-00082543 a period in antiquity when aramaic was
8fe9LGtLgog-00297-00082544-00082775 spoken right across the whole region
8fe9LGtLgog-00298-00082776-00082847 now
8fe9LGtLgog-00299-00082848-00083094 the jewish dialects are those spoken in
8fe9LGtLgog-00300-00083095-00083326 the so-called nina subgroup and these
8fe9LGtLgog-00301-00083327-00083606 are dialects spoken east of the tigris
8fe9LGtLgog-00302-00083607-00083711 river
8fe9LGtLgog-00303-00083712-00084047 in northern iraq northwestern iran and
8fe9LGtLgog-00304-00084048-00084375 in southeastern turkey and the uh
8fe9LGtLgog-00305-00084376-00084606 and it's important to uh as we've
8fe9LGtLgog-00306-00084607-00084823 learned it's already in the introductory
8fe9LGtLgog-00307-00084824-00085103 videos it is important to note that in
8fe9LGtLgog-00308-00085104-00085238 this region
8fe9LGtLgog-00309-00085239-00085438 in the so-called nina region
8fe9LGtLgog-00310-00085439-00085694 there were christians and jews speaking
8fe9LGtLgog-00311-00085695-00085911 arabic and the the dialect spoken by
8fe9LGtLgog-00312-00085912-00086199 christians and jews were very different
8fe9LGtLgog-00313-00086200-00086271 and
8fe9LGtLgog-00314-00086272-00086431 even if they lived very close to each
8fe9LGtLgog-00315-00086432-00086679 other indeed in the same town their
8fe9LGtLgog-00316-00086680-00086855 dialects very different
8fe9LGtLgog-00317-00086856-00087079 and this reflects the fact that that
8fe9LGtLgog-00318-00087080-00087271 language is an expression of communal
8fe9LGtLgog-00319-00087272-00087623 identity and often linguistic change is
8fe9LGtLgog-00320-00087624-00087975 is driven by desire to express one's
8fe9LGtLgog-00321-00087976-00088182 communal identity and distinctness from
8fe9LGtLgog-00322-00088183-00088391 other communities so i just give you an
8fe9LGtLgog-00323-00088392-00088655 example in auromi in northwestern iran
8fe9LGtLgog-00324-00088656-00088855 we have two dialects one spoken by
8fe9LGtLgog-00325-00088856-00089071 christians and one spoken by jews and
8fe9LGtLgog-00326-00089072-00089262 these sound very different for example
8fe9LGtLgog-00327-00089263-00089518 here is a quick clip from the christian
8fe9LGtLgog-00329-00092960-00093038 so
8fe9LGtLgog-00330-00093039-00093247 here in the screen you can just see a
8fe9LGtLgog-00331-00093248-00093438 few examples of how fundamentally
8fe9LGtLgog-00332-00093439-00093679 different these two dialects were they
8fe9LGtLgog-00333-00093680-00093935 differ in what the all levels of
8fe9LGtLgog-00334-00093936-00094350 language uh phonology morphology syntax
8fe9LGtLgog-00335-00094351-00094447 so
8fe9LGtLgog-00336-00094448-00094655 the christians would say for example
8fe9LGtLgog-00337-00094656-00094887 beta for house whereas the jews would
8fe9LGtLgog-00338-00094888-00095038 say bella
8fe9LGtLgog-00339-00095039-00095350 and uh if you wanted to say his house
8fe9LGtLgog-00340-00095351-00095574 in in ju christian normally you say
8fe9LGtLgog-00341-00095575-00095635 baytu
8fe9LGtLgog-00342-00095636-00095743 [Music]
8fe9LGtLgog-00343-00095744-00096015 but in jewish army you say belaiu
8fe9LGtLgog-00344-00096016-00096303 and so you get very very different
8fe9LGtLgog-00345-00096304-00096550 morphology and in syntax you have
8fe9LGtLgog-00346-00096551-00096743 different word order you have put the
8fe9LGtLgog-00347-00096744-00097062 verb at the end in jewish all me but the
8fe9LGtLgog-00348-00097063-00097367 verb normally comes before the object
8fe9LGtLgog-00349-00097368-00097543 not at the end of the clause in
8fe9LGtLgog-00350-00097544-00097735 christian army and then the lexicons
8fe9LGtLgog-00351-00097736-00097950 very different even basic words are
8fe9LGtLgog-00352-00097951-00098255 different like guru i'd say in christian
8fe9LGtLgog-00353-00098256-00098494 or me for big and
8fe9LGtLgog-00354-00098495-00098599 in um
8fe9LGtLgog-00355-00098600-00098855 in jewish aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00356-00098856-00099135 now a lot of this these recordings i've
8fe9LGtLgog-00357-00099136-00099367 just been playing can be found on this
8fe9LGtLgog-00358-00099368-00099559 website we've constructed in cambridge
8fe9LGtLgog-00359-00099560-00099726 which is still under the undergoing
8fe9LGtLgog-00360-00099727-00099967 development but you'll see the address
8fe9LGtLgog-00361-00099968-00100062 here
8fe9LGtLgog-00362-00100063-00100247 at the top left hand corner where you
8fe9LGtLgog-00363-00100248-00100471 can get access to many many recordings
8fe9LGtLgog-00364-00100472-00100815 of jewish and christian niera made
8fe9LGtLgog-00365-00100816-00100950 and
8fe9LGtLgog-00366-00100951-00101174 here uh we go back to the map of the
8fe9LGtLgog-00367-00101175-00101423 nina area where we see all the various
8fe9LGtLgog-00368-00101424-00101638 not all the uh selection of the various
8fe9LGtLgog-00369-00101639-00101791 places where jewish near america was
8fe9LGtLgog-00370-00101792-00101894 spoken
8fe9LGtLgog-00371-00101895-00102103 uh and but the main point of this might
8fe9LGtLgog-00372-00102104-00102287 be to show you that jewish niara mate
8fe9LGtLgog-00373-00102288-00102558 can be classified into two
8fe9LGtLgog-00374-00102559-00102871 subgroups one is referred to as nishana
8fe9LGtLgog-00375-00102872-00103166 dami those are dialects spoken north of
8fe9LGtLgog-00376-00103167-00103327 this great
8fe9LGtLgog-00377-00103328-00103478 rezab river
8fe9LGtLgog-00378-00103479-00103727 and then the other group is called trans
8fe9LGtLgog-00379-00103728-00103966 trance zab which are the daleks spoken
8fe9LGtLgog-00380-00103967-00104151 east of the zap river
8fe9LGtLgog-00381-00104152-00104399 and so the lushana dani daleks it
8fe9LGtLgog-00382-00104400-00104566 contained
8fe9LGtLgog-00383-00104567-00104847 daleks spoken in in for example zacho de
8fe9LGtLgog-00384-00104848-00105151 hoca a media and a beta nure which is a
8fe9LGtLgog-00385-00105152-00105390 small village just north of ahmadiyya
8fe9LGtLgog-00386-00105391-00105639 um and here we have just a few pictures
8fe9LGtLgog-00387-00105640-00105847 of zacho ahmadiyya the beautiful sort of
8fe9LGtLgog-00388-00105848-00106023 hilltop town
8fe9LGtLgog-00389-00106024-00106383 an old photograph of somebody arjuna
8fe9LGtLgog-00390-00106383-00106815 ahmadiyya transab consists of many
8fe9LGtLgog-00391-00106816-00107086 many dialects including our in the
8fe9LGtLgog-00392-00107088-00107286 arabian solomonia provinces such as
8fe9LGtLgog-00393-00107288-00107583 rustica rwanda's koi sinjak
8fe9LGtLgog-00394-00107583-00107815 halabja sula mania
8fe9LGtLgog-00395-00107816-00108399 then in iran
8fe9LGtLgog-00396-00108400-00108654 and then further south in the kurdistan
8fe9LGtLgog-00397-00108655-00108990 and kurumansha province we run suckers
8fe9LGtLgog-00398-00108991-00109190 kerend
8fe9LGtLgog-00399-00109191-00109334 sanandaj
8fe9LGtLgog-00400-00109335-00109495 and some others
8fe9LGtLgog-00401-00109496-00109727 and here we have the classification
8fe9LGtLgog-00402-00109728-00109927 again just to reorientate yourself on
8fe9LGtLgog-00403-00109928-00110039 the map
8fe9LGtLgog-00404-00110040-00110254 um here's a picture of rwanda's
8fe9LGtLgog-00405-00110255-00110583 beautiful north mountainous hilltop
8fe9LGtLgog-00406-00110583-00110902 village or town where we had a jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-00407-00110903-00111134 community here's a photograph of some
8fe9LGtLgog-00408-00111135-00111695 jews in 1905 that sulaimania
8fe9LGtLgog-00409-00111696-00111951 and now the point is that we've heard
8fe9LGtLgog-00410-00111952-00112143 these most of the jewish dialects are
8fe9LGtLgog-00411-00112144-00112399 now very endangered they have they've
8fe9LGtLgog-00412-00112400-00112766 been migrations uh since the 1950s to
8fe9LGtLgog-00413-00112767-00113054 israel uh and then in the romanian
8fe9LGtLgog-00414-00113055-00113319 revolution in 1978 there was a lot of
8fe9LGtLgog-00415-00113320-00113551 the jews from iran left
8fe9LGtLgog-00416-00113552-00113775 and it used to many of the darks are
8fe9LGtLgog-00417-00113776-00114039 have actually become extinct uh but the
8fe9LGtLgog-00418-00114040-00114223 interesting thing is sometimes dialects
8fe9LGtLgog-00419-00114224-00114447 we which i thought were extinct like the
8fe9LGtLgog-00420-00114448-00114631 ones one dialect like bushkiller in
8fe9LGtLgog-00421-00114632-00114886 southeastern turkey then you suddenly i
8fe9LGtLgog-00422-00114888-00115239 i found very recently speakers of the
8fe9LGtLgog-00423-00115240-00115510 lang of of this dialect so in daleks
8fe9LGtLgog-00424-00115511-00115647 sometimes it's not always clear where
8fe9LGtLgog-00425-00115648-00115863 the dark has become extinct but here for
8fe9LGtLgog-00426-00115864-00116110 example i found in istanbul a few years
8fe9LGtLgog-00427-00116111-00116207 ago
8fe9LGtLgog-00428-00116208-00116439 some old speakers of of of
8fe9LGtLgog-00429-00116440-00116510 the
8fe9LGtLgog-00430-00116511-00117358 dialect
8fe9LGtLgog-00431-00117359-00117695 so this you know did this just highlight
8fe9LGtLgog-00432-00117696-00117819 the importance of
8fe9LGtLgog-00433-00117820-00118015 documentation of these endangered
8fe9LGtLgog-00434-00118016-00118215 languages and very briefly documentation
8fe9LGtLgog-00435-00118216-00118447 doesn't mean simply recording it means a
8fe9LGtLgog-00436-00118448-00118719 lot of hard work describing the entire
8fe9LGtLgog-00437-00118720-00118910 language from phonology all the way up
8fe9LGtLgog-00438-00118911-00119127 to syntax including
8fe9LGtLgog-00439-00119128-00119390 creating a dictionary and writing it all
8fe9LGtLgog-00440-00119391-00119471 down
8fe9LGtLgog-00441-00119472-00119743 and then making accessible your grammar
8fe9LGtLgog-00442-00119744-00120031 and your analysis and your recording so
8fe9LGtLgog-00443-00120032-00120278 it's a massive job it demands a lot of
8fe9LGtLgog-00444-00120279-00120527 training and quite a lot of funding as
8fe9LGtLgog-00445-00120528-00120814 well um i'll skip that because the lack
8fe9LGtLgog-00446-00120815-00121071 of time but so i'm i'm going to close uh
8fe9LGtLgog-00447-00121072-00121334 by just saying something how about what
8fe9LGtLgog-00448-00121335-00121607 the the study of the
8fe9LGtLgog-00449-00121608-00121871 jewish dialects can show us about
8fe9LGtLgog-00450-00121872-00121951 the
8fe9LGtLgog-00451-00121952-00122183 social relations of jews with christians
8fe9LGtLgog-00452-00122183-00122439 and muslims well the main part about
8fe9LGtLgog-00453-00122440-00122590 the christians and jews both spoke
8fe9LGtLgog-00454-00122591-00122710 aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00455-00122711-00122831 and
8fe9LGtLgog-00456-00122832-00123110 they are if you look at the christian
8fe9LGtLgog-00457-00123111-00123351 and jewish dialects of certain regions
8fe9LGtLgog-00458-00123352-00123558 although there is differences there is
8fe9LGtLgog-00459-00123559-00123751 still in the same region there's some
8fe9LGtLgog-00460-00123752-00123958 degree of convergence for example the
8fe9LGtLgog-00461-00123959-00124143 jews of course and jack would say la
8fe9LGtLgog-00462-00124144-00124423 chate he is drinking with us to express
8fe9LGtLgog-00463-00124424-00124639 what we call a progressive and the
8fe9LGtLgog-00464-00124640-00124871 christians of the same region would use
8fe9LGtLgog-00465-00124872-00125247 a very similar construction
8fe9LGtLgog-00466-00125248-00125439 which although it's different there's a
8fe9LGtLgog-00467-00125440-00125623 certain convergence
8fe9LGtLgog-00468-00125624-00125839 and the same applies to the barwa region
8fe9LGtLgog-00469-00125840-00126086 up in northern iraq there's some degree
8fe9LGtLgog-00470-00126088-00126247 of a convergence
8fe9LGtLgog-00471-00126248-00126519 um and this is reflected also in the
8fe9LGtLgog-00472-00126520-00126814 affectionate term kariwa which is used
8fe9LGtLgog-00473-00126815-00127110 uh between jews and christians in the in
8fe9LGtLgog-00474-00127111-00127343 in iraq certainly
8fe9LGtLgog-00475-00127344-00127575 as a sort of literally means
8fe9LGtLgog-00476-00127576-00127871 somebody close to you
8fe9LGtLgog-00477-00127872-00128071 but you know that although there was
8fe9LGtLgog-00478-00128072-00128247 convergence and there's a lot of close
8fe9LGtLgog-00479-00128248-00128431 social relations in christians and jews
8fe9LGtLgog-00480-00128432-00128607 reflected by the dialects there was
8fe9LGtLgog-00481-00128608-00128734 still a
8fe9LGtLgog-00482-00128735-00128958 and a resistance to come to complete
8fe9LGtLgog-00483-00128959-00129166 convergence and this is reflected by the
8fe9LGtLgog-00484-00129167-00129343 fact that jews often had a secret
8fe9LGtLgog-00485-00129344-00129599 language like in the region of the war
8fe9LGtLgog-00486-00129600-00129758 up in northern iraq
8fe9LGtLgog-00487-00129759-00130014 um you have here example of some of the
8fe9LGtLgog-00488-00130015-00130223 cryptic language used by
8fe9LGtLgog-00489-00130224-00130423 jews to actually ensure that christians
8fe9LGtLgog-00490-00130424-00130702 didn't understand everything they said
8fe9LGtLgog-00491-00130703-00130886 and then finally just a few uh
8fe9LGtLgog-00492-00130888-00131071 translations of some of the
8fe9LGtLgog-00493-00131072-00131351 um recordings i've made of jews talking
8fe9LGtLgog-00494-00131352-00131502 about their relations with christian
8fe9LGtLgog-00495-00131503-00131766 with muslims and they have a very close
8fe9LGtLgog-00496-00131767-00131919 they had a very generally had a very
8fe9LGtLgog-00497-00131920-00132119 close relationship with muslims for
8fe9LGtLgog-00498-00132120-00132327 example here's the here's a piece from a
8fe9LGtLgog-00499-00132328-00132575 a interview i did with some people from
8fe9LGtLgog-00500-00132576-00132783 the arabia region who said that when
8fe9LGtLgog-00501-00132784-00133014 they wanted to leave a muslim
8fe9LGtLgog-00502-00133015-00133263 would come and try to persuade them
8fe9LGtLgog-00503-00133264-00133631 to stay not do not go this this muslim
8fe9LGtLgog-00504-00133632-00133902 said and then there was a case of a
8fe9LGtLgog-00505-00133903-00134287 again from the arabian region of um a
8fe9LGtLgog-00506-00134288-00134359 jew
8fe9LGtLgog-00507-00134360-00134583 who had a milk relationship with a
8fe9LGtLgog-00508-00134584-00134863 muslim family that insane mother gave
8fe9LGtLgog-00509-00134864-00135135 as a baby gave him to to the
8fe9LGtLgog-00510-00135136-00135366 neighboring jewish mother to suckle him
8fe9LGtLgog-00511-00135367-00135575 and therefore he created this milk
8fe9LGtLgog-00512-00135576-00135775 relationship between him and the
8fe9LGtLgog-00513-00135776-00136047 muslim family and he had a milk brother
8fe9LGtLgog-00514-00136048-00136239 a muslim milk brother so that that's
8fe9LGtLgog-00515-00136240-00136471 some reflection of the close relations
8fe9LGtLgog-00516-00136472-00136783 between muslims and jews so here i'll
8fe9LGtLgog-00517-00136784-00136975 close now but just to
8fe9LGtLgog-00518-00136976-00137439 just to reiterate that um it is uh
8fe9LGtLgog-00519-00137440-00137614 critically important
8fe9LGtLgog-00520-00137615-00137887 to get these remaining undocumented
8fe9LGtLgog-00521-00137888-00138151 jewish dialects documented and as i say
8fe9LGtLgog-00522-00138152-00138335 documentation means more than simply
8fe9LGtLgog-00523-00138336-00138487 recording
8fe9LGtLgog-00524-00138488-00138743 or videoing you have to spend a lot of
8fe9LGtLgog-00525-00138744-00138839 time
8fe9LGtLgog-00526-00138840-00139071 of to to to
8fe9LGtLgog-00527-00139072-00139231 meticulously go through the whole
8fe9LGtLgog-00528-00139232-00139519 language and and to write it down and to
8fe9LGtLgog-00529-00139520-00139719 analyze the grammar and to document all
8fe9LGtLgog-00530-00139720-00139895 the all the lexicon
8fe9LGtLgog-00531-00139896-00140151 so thank you very much i'll stop there
8fe9LGtLgog-00532-00140152-00140607 i'll stop screw sharing my screen
8fe9LGtLgog-00533-00140608-00140807 great thank you so much professor khan
8fe9LGtLgog-00534-00140808-00141039 that was really interesting and
8fe9LGtLgog-00535-00141040-00141166 informative
8fe9LGtLgog-00536-00141167-00141439 and uh i i know that there are a lot of
8fe9LGtLgog-00537-00141440-00141614 questions in the q a already we're going
8fe9LGtLgog-00538-00141615-00141823 to save those for the end because maybe
8fe9LGtLgog-00539-00141824-00141983 some of the questions might be answered
8fe9LGtLgog-00540-00141984-00142071 by
8fe9LGtLgog-00541-00142072-00142159 other
8fe9LGtLgog-00542-00142160-00142383 panelists and now i ask
8fe9LGtLgog-00543-00142384-00142735 shana's yusef najadian to come on
8fe9LGtLgog-00544-00142736-00142981 and
8fe9LGtLgog-00545-00142982-00143175 [Music]
8fe9LGtLgog-00546-00143176-00143319 let's see can you turn on your there you
8fe9LGtLgog-00547-00143320-00143447 go okay
8fe9LGtLgog-00548-00143448-00143775 and i'll just introduce you briefly
8fe9LGtLgog-00549-00143776-00143943 um
8fe9LGtLgog-00550-00143944-00144207 so jeffrey khan uh has done all this
8fe9LGtLgog-00551-00144208-00144502 wonderful documentation work another
8fe9LGtLgog-00552-00144503-00144678 person who's doing that important work
8fe9LGtLgog-00553-00144679-00144935 is shannaz yusef najadiyan she grew up
8fe9LGtLgog-00554-00144936-00145159 in a jewish family in sanandas the
8fe9LGtLgog-00555-00145160-00145390 capital city of kurdistan province in
8fe9LGtLgog-00556-00145391-00145614 iran she finished her high school in
8fe9LGtLgog-00557-00145615-00145814 sannendaj and then received her
8fe9LGtLgog-00558-00145815-00145999 bachelor's and master's degrees in
8fe9LGtLgog-00559-00146000-00146175 library science and educational
8fe9LGtLgog-00560-00146176-00146454 psychology from tehran university she
8fe9LGtLgog-00561-00146455-00146671 worked at the tehran university library
8fe9LGtLgog-00562-00146672-00146911 and iran national television for 13
8fe9LGtLgog-00563-00146912-00147199 years in 1988 she moved to the united
8fe9LGtLgog-00564-00147200-00147463 states and worked at the ucla library
8fe9LGtLgog-00565-00147464-00147743 for 30 years and she's currently
8fe9LGtLgog-00566-00147744-00148043 compiling a dictionary of jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-00567-00148044-00148359 neo-aramaic so shannaz can you please
8fe9LGtLgog-00568-00148360-00148551 tell us about the work that you've been
8fe9LGtLgog-00569-00148552-00148871 doing why you've been doing it and
8fe9LGtLgog-00570-00148872-00149326 what um what work still needs to be done
8fe9LGtLgog-00571-00149327-00149566 thank you for having me i am so honored
8fe9LGtLgog-00572-00149567-00149966 to be part of this discussion
8fe9LGtLgog-00573-00149967-00150231 as sarah said i was born in san andreas
8fe9LGtLgog-00574-00150232-00150478 the presence of jewish community
8fe9LGtLgog-00575-00150479-00150807 in kurdistan has a long history
8fe9LGtLgog-00576-00150808-00150999 and is documented in
8fe9LGtLgog-00577-00151000-00151263 historical and religious books
8fe9LGtLgog-00578-00151264-00151526 in many generations of jews succeeded
8fe9LGtLgog-00579-00151527-00151647 and thrived
8fe9LGtLgog-00580-00151648-00151871 in standards and also contributed to
8fe9LGtLgog-00581-00151872-00152175 social cultural and economic development
8fe9LGtLgog-00582-00152176-00152454 of the city and the region and most of
8fe9LGtLgog-00583-00152455-00152631 us were living in a neighborhood they
8fe9LGtLgog-00584-00152632-00153031 called
8fe9LGtLgog-00585-00153032-00153239 we had very good relationship with our
8fe9LGtLgog-00586-00153240-00153519 christian and muslim neighbors
8fe9LGtLgog-00587-00153520-00153799 the senate curse called us musa khan
8fe9LGtLgog-00588-00153800-00154071 means the followers of moses is a plural
8fe9LGtLgog-00589-00154072-00154295 the singularities
8fe9LGtLgog-00590-00154296-00154502 means the person who is following the
8fe9LGtLgog-00591-00154503-00154647 moses
8fe9LGtLgog-00592-00154648-00154966 so they called us
8fe9LGtLgog-00593-00154967-00155143 all the the
8fe9LGtLgog-00594-00155144-00155407 predominant languages of kurdistan iran
8fe9LGtLgog-00595-00155408-00155759 are farsi and kurdish
8fe9LGtLgog-00596-00155760-00155959 jewish people in cerrantes chapes
8fe9LGtLgog-00597-00155960-00156126 cambyaron keren
8fe9LGtLgog-00598-00156127-00156431 bijar bonne te kap and other so many
8fe9LGtLgog-00599-00156432-00156551 cities
8fe9LGtLgog-00600-00156552-00156854 they speak a dialect that has
8fe9LGtLgog-00601-00156855-00157183 roots in the aramaic language we call
8fe9LGtLgog-00602-00157184-00157366 this language
8fe9LGtLgog-00603-00157367-00157743 means our language or we call it
8fe9LGtLgog-00604-00157744-00157951 means judaism language
8fe9LGtLgog-00605-00157952-00158183 and we learn this language only orally
8fe9LGtLgog-00606-00158184-00158454 without knowing any alphabet of this
8fe9LGtLgog-00607-00158455-00158607 language
8fe9LGtLgog-00608-00158608-00158847 during the time i lived in standard
8fe9LGtLgog-00609-00158848-00159135 after my high school education i found
8fe9LGtLgog-00610-00159136-00159414 out realized that the families who moved
8fe9LGtLgog-00611-00159415-00159743 from sanadas to tehran they spoke farsi
8fe9LGtLgog-00612-00159744-00160007 with the children but not aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00613-00160008-00160199 also very young
8fe9LGtLgog-00614-00160200-00160414 jewish families who started their life
8fe9LGtLgog-00615-00160415-00160671 eastern anders they prefer to speak
8fe9LGtLgog-00616-00160672-00160839 fascinated children
8fe9LGtLgog-00617-00160840-00160926 so
8fe9LGtLgog-00618-00160927-00161175 therefore i was watching this generation
8fe9LGtLgog-00619-00161176-00161366 maybe they are familiar with the
8fe9LGtLgog-00620-00161367-00161575 language but they don't speak it and
8fe9LGtLgog-00621-00161576-00161823 this is go on and on
8fe9LGtLgog-00622-00161824-00162047 so i was watching my mother language is
8fe9LGtLgog-00623-00162048-00162183 disappearing
8fe9LGtLgog-00624-00162184-00162471 so i came to the conclusion it
8fe9LGtLgog-00625-00162472-00162719 would be the best to document the
8fe9LGtLgog-00626-00162720-00162959 vocabulary of this language
8fe9LGtLgog-00627-00162960-00163183 so the first thing i did i talked to my
8fe9LGtLgog-00628-00163184-00163543 late mother tala khalili i asked her if
8fe9LGtLgog-00629-00163544-00163775 we can do this and she can help me she
8fe9LGtLgog-00630-00163776-00164007 was very excited and she was answering
8fe9LGtLgog-00631-00164008-00164143 every question i had very
8fe9LGtLgog-00632-00164144-00164302 enthusiastically
8fe9LGtLgog-00633-00164303-00164526 after that whatever i was hearing around
8fe9LGtLgog-00634-00164527-00164743 me i just wrote it down
8fe9LGtLgog-00635-00164744-00164935 after a while i
8fe9LGtLgog-00636-00164936-00165038 had a
8fe9LGtLgog-00637-00165039-00165390 collection of these vocabulary and i was
8fe9LGtLgog-00638-00165391-00165526 going on
8fe9LGtLgog-00639-00165527-00165719 to document this
8fe9LGtLgog-00640-00165720-00166135 in 1988 in tehran i met a professor and
8fe9LGtLgog-00641-00166136-00166495 linguist doctor ferdinand jones
8fe9LGtLgog-00642-00166496-00166766 i talked to him about the project he
8fe9LGtLgog-00643-00166767-00166999 encouraged me and he said it's better to
8fe9LGtLgog-00644-00167000-00167231 alphabetize all the words and translate
8fe9LGtLgog-00645-00167232-00167566 him into farsi and he wanted to help me
8fe9LGtLgog-00646-00167567-00167871 to publish this work under the dialect
8fe9LGtLgog-00647-00167872-00168254 uh of jews in silence but unfortunately
8fe9LGtLgog-00648-00168255-00168438 i moved to united states at the same
8fe9LGtLgog-00649-00168439-00168726 time and the publishing of this world
8fe9LGtLgog-00650-00168727-00168895 didn't happen
8fe9LGtLgog-00651-00168896-00169159 in los angeles after i was hired by ucla
8fe9LGtLgog-00652-00169160-00169487 library i met a professor and linguist
8fe9LGtLgog-00653-00169488-00169638 dr
8fe9LGtLgog-00654-00169639-00169814 who is from the
8fe9LGtLgog-00655-00169815-00170175 kurdistan of iraq and he has extensive
8fe9LGtLgog-00656-00170176-00170438 knowledge about aramaic and new aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00657-00170439-00170702 language and he gave me the best
8fe9LGtLgog-00658-00170703-00171047 direction he suggested i write every
8fe9LGtLgog-00659-00171048-00171287 word on an index card
8fe9LGtLgog-00660-00171288-00171575 and also translate it into english
8fe9LGtLgog-00661-00171576-00171678 then
8fe9LGtLgog-00662-00171679-00171990 i did that and i continued
8fe9LGtLgog-00663-00171991-00172231 to do this over 30 years
8fe9LGtLgog-00664-00172232-00172351 and also
8fe9LGtLgog-00665-00172352-00172599 professor stefan panusi
8fe9LGtLgog-00666-00172600-00172775 who is from
8fe9LGtLgog-00667-00172776-00172951 christian community of san andreas
8fe9LGtLgog-00668-00172952-00173175 helped me for this work
8fe9LGtLgog-00669-00173176-00173278 and
8fe9LGtLgog-00670-00173279-00173575 finally i digitized this work
8fe9LGtLgog-00671-00173576-00173807 now i want to give you some examples of
8fe9LGtLgog-00672-00173808-00174047 this language in our language we have
8fe9LGtLgog-00673-00174048-00174254 feminine and masculine
8fe9LGtLgog-00674-00174255-00174511 for example if i say apple per
8fe9LGtLgog-00675-00174512-00174831 pomegranate
8fe9LGtLgog-00676-00174832-00175529 these are feminine if i say dorwal
8fe9LGtLgog-00677-00175530-00175814 [Music]
8fe9LGtLgog-00678-00175815-00176175 we have lots of combined verbs we
8fe9LGtLgog-00679-00176176-00176271 bring
8fe9LGtLgog-00680-00176272-00176623 kurdish and farsi languages to our webs
8fe9LGtLgog-00681-00176624-00176814 for example if i say
8fe9LGtLgog-00682-00176815-00177126 riding a horse sushi marthoppe susie is
8fe9LGtLgog-00683-00177127-00177399 kurdish marthoppe is aramaic so this is
8fe9LGtLgog-00684-00177400-00177614 a kurdish aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00685-00177615-00177831 or if i say
8fe9LGtLgog-00686-00177832-00178214 going to university
8fe9LGtLgog-00687-00178215-00178590 is farsi is aramaic so this is
8fe9LGtLgog-00688-00178591-00178726 combined
8fe9LGtLgog-00689-00178727-00179014 persian and aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00690-00179015-00179278 so beside
8fe9LGtLgog-00691-00179279-00179543 these words in my dictionary i added
8fe9LGtLgog-00692-00179544-00179871 some uh phrases and expressions that we
8fe9LGtLgog-00693-00179872-00180190 were using in our daily conversation
8fe9LGtLgog-00694-00180191-00180431 uh one of them is when a person is not
8fe9LGtLgog-00695-00180432-00181143 content with whatever he has or she has
8fe9LGtLgog-00696-00181144-00181351 will feed only on the size of your
8fe9LGtLgog-00697-00181352-00181495 carpet
8fe9LGtLgog-00698-00181496-00181663 be counted with whatever you have
8fe9LGtLgog-00699-00181664-00181878 another example is
8fe9LGtLgog-00700-00181879-00182375 related to my late grandmother
8fe9LGtLgog-00701-00182376-00182559 when the family decided that she moves
8fe9LGtLgog-00702-00182560-00182799 to tehran to live with our uncle in
8fe9LGtLgog-00703-00182800-00183038 tehran she didn't like it that much and
8fe9LGtLgog-00704-00183039-00183351 she said que pa got kenosha
8fe9LGtLgog-00705-00183352-00183678 the stone carries the most weight on its
8fe9LGtLgog-00706-00183679-00183990 original place it means the person is
8fe9LGtLgog-00707-00183991-00184295 more appreciated more dignified in her
8fe9LGtLgog-00708-00184296-00184390 own
8fe9LGtLgog-00709-00184391-00184535 community
8fe9LGtLgog-00710-00184536-00184759 so i have so many more examples i will
8fe9LGtLgog-00711-00184760-00185038 be happy to answer any questions and
8fe9LGtLgog-00712-00185039-00185447 thank you for listening
8fe9LGtLgog-00713-00185448-00185654 great thank you so much
8fe9LGtLgog-00714-00185655-00185919 uh and thank you for all the wonderful
8fe9LGtLgog-00715-00185920-00186150 work that you're doing to document this
8fe9LGtLgog-00716-00186151-00186311 this important language
8fe9LGtLgog-00717-00186312-00186638 thank you so much and now i am honored
8fe9LGtLgog-00718-00186639-00186950 to introduce ariel nostrat ariel was
8fe9LGtLgog-00719-00186951-00187231 born in tehran to a jewish family with
8fe9LGtLgog-00720-00187232-00187526 origins in the towns of tekhub and bijar
8fe9LGtLgog-00721-00187527-00187790 in today's iranian kurdistan he
8fe9LGtLgog-00722-00187791-00188023 considers neo-aramaic to be his mother
8fe9LGtLgog-00723-00188024-00188190 tongue as it was the language spoken at
8fe9LGtLgog-00724-00188191-00188271 home
8fe9LGtLgog-00725-00188272-00188438 after completing school he moved to
8fe9LGtLgog-00726-00188439-00188623 england where he did undergraduate and
8fe9LGtLgog-00727-00188624-00188790 graduate studies in engineering and
8fe9LGtLgog-00728-00188791-00188975 worked in the field of management he
8fe9LGtLgog-00729-00188976-00189231 made aliyah in 1988 and has lived in
8fe9LGtLgog-00730-00189232-00189350 israel since
8fe9LGtLgog-00731-00189351-00189511 in recent years he's been assisting
8fe9LGtLgog-00732-00189512-00189711 non-profit organizations in the in their
8fe9LGtLgog-00733-00189712-00189895 pursuit of organ operational
8fe9LGtLgog-00734-00189896-00190175 effectiveness but most importantly ariel
8fe9LGtLgog-00735-00190176-00190399 is among the founding members of the
8fe9LGtLgog-00736-00190400-00190623 shana institute a non-profit
8fe9LGtLgog-00737-00190624-00190838 organization created in israel to
8fe9LGtLgog-00738-00190839-00191150 preserve neo-aramaic language and
8fe9LGtLgog-00739-00191151-00191295 culture
8fe9LGtLgog-00740-00191296-00191511 ari ariel if you could turn on your
8fe9LGtLgog-00741-00191512-00191950 camera please
8fe9LGtLgog-00742-00191951-00192078 thank you
8fe9LGtLgog-00743-00192079-00192254 great and
8fe9LGtLgog-00744-00192255-00192487 there's ariel's please uh tell us a
8fe9LGtLgog-00745-00192488-00192647 little bit about the organization you
8fe9LGtLgog-00746-00192648-00192895 started and the work that's being done
8fe9LGtLgog-00747-00192896-00193111 in israel to document and engage with
8fe9LGtLgog-00748-00193112-00193359 this language
8fe9LGtLgog-00749-00193360-00193543 for uh thank you sarah for that
8fe9LGtLgog-00750-00193544-00193766 introduction in the short time that i've
8fe9LGtLgog-00751-00193767-00193943 uh been allocated
8fe9LGtLgog-00752-00193944-00194159 uh i'll try to describe the aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00753-00194160-00194423 ecosystem in israel in today's israel
8fe9LGtLgog-00754-00194424-00194647 and the rationale
8fe9LGtLgog-00755-00194648-00194854 uh behind the shana institute's
8fe9LGtLgog-00756-00194855-00194990 activities
8fe9LGtLgog-00757-00194991-00195102 i'll
8fe9LGtLgog-00758-00195103-00196135 share the screen in a second
8fe9LGtLgog-00759-00196136-00196335 i wonder if you see that screen that
8fe9LGtLgog-00760-00196336-00196454 i've just shared
8fe9LGtLgog-00761-00196455-00196654 yes
8fe9LGtLgog-00762-00196655-00196775 sure
8fe9LGtLgog-00763-00196776-00196980 um
8fe9LGtLgog-00764-00196981-00197350 [Music]
8fe9LGtLgog-00765-00197351-00198311 nope
8fe9LGtLgog-00766-00198312-00198502 basically uh the
8fe9LGtLgog-00767-00198503-00198750 what i'd like to say uh is that the
8fe9LGtLgog-00768-00198751-00199031 river revitalization of any language
8fe9LGtLgog-00769-00199032-00199190 including garment
8fe9LGtLgog-00770-00199191-00199478 is an enormous stats and it cannot be
8fe9LGtLgog-00771-00199479-00199854 but a concerted group effort
8fe9LGtLgog-00772-00199855-00200183 and it was in recognition of this basic
8fe9LGtLgog-00773-00200184-00200350 fact that the
8fe9LGtLgog-00774-00200351-00200599 institute was formed
8fe9LGtLgog-00775-00200600-00200838 last year
8fe9LGtLgog-00776-00200839-00201047 um
8fe9LGtLgog-00777-00201048-00201414 the mission of the leshana institute
8fe9LGtLgog-00778-00201415-00201766 is to act urgently to revitalize
8fe9LGtLgog-00779-00201767-00202007 the aramaic language which is which is
8fe9LGtLgog-00780-00202008-00202189 under the threat of extinction
8fe9LGtLgog-00781-00202190-00202366 [Music]
8fe9LGtLgog-00782-00202367-00202631 even in israel where there are
8fe9LGtLgog-00783-00202632-00202950 many jews who still speak new aramaics
8fe9LGtLgog-00784-00202951-00203054 today
8fe9LGtLgog-00785-00203055-00203287 and who constitute the last generation
8fe9LGtLgog-00786-00203288-00204047 of our made speakers
8fe9LGtLgog-00787-00204048-00204502 there are uh several challenges in uh
8fe9LGtLgog-00788-00204503-00204903 approaching the subject
8fe9LGtLgog-00789-00204904-00205190 and well to start with we have a
8fe9LGtLgog-00790-00205191-00205414 challenge of demographics
8fe9LGtLgog-00791-00205415-00205662 as we all know active speakers of male
8fe9LGtLgog-00792-00205663-00205775 aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00793-00205776-00206079 today that can serve as a source of
8fe9LGtLgog-00794-00206080-00206294 spoken language
8fe9LGtLgog-00795-00206296-00206566 are in their 70s 80s 90s
8fe9LGtLgog-00796-00206567-00206686 this means
8fe9LGtLgog-00797-00206687-00207038 that access to speakers is decreasing
8fe9LGtLgog-00798-00207039-00207223 and the scope and our scope of
8fe9LGtLgog-00799-00207223-00207534 documenting their speech and accessing
8fe9LGtLgog-00800-00207535-00207823 all testimonials discrete is this is
8fe9LGtLgog-00801-00207823-00207966 decreasing
8fe9LGtLgog-00802-00207967-00208190 in fact we have already got into the
8fe9LGtLgog-00803-00208191-00208446 habit of calling on descendants of
8fe9LGtLgog-00804-00208448-00208662 speakers of the language rather than
8fe9LGtLgog-00805-00208663-00209079 fluent speakers or themselves
8fe9LGtLgog-00806-00209080-00209262 secondly
8fe9LGtLgog-00807-00209263-00209479 uh the challenge of linguistic
8fe9LGtLgog-00808-00209480-00209662 proficiency
8fe9LGtLgog-00809-00209663-00209903 the level of proficiency in new era make
8fe9LGtLgog-00810-00209904-00210134 around the world is currently
8fe9LGtLgog-00811-00210135-00210455 rather low for example
8fe9LGtLgog-00812-00210456-00210663 most people
8fe9LGtLgog-00813-00210664-00210894 most speakers would find it difficult to
8fe9LGtLgog-00814-00210896-00211255 hold a debate today at a talmudic level
8fe9LGtLgog-00815-00211256-00211582 let alone a modern conversation about
8fe9LGtLgog-00816-00211583-00211703 let's say
8fe9LGtLgog-00817-00211704-00212046 climate change or ecology
8fe9LGtLgog-00818-00212048-00212294 then we have the issue of multiplicity
8fe9LGtLgog-00819-00212296-00212519 of dialects as
8fe9LGtLgog-00820-00212519-00212839 uh jeffrey mentioned earlier on
8fe9LGtLgog-00821-00212840-00213055 historically there were many dialects
8fe9LGtLgog-00822-00213056-00213287 spoken in various geographic regions
8fe9LGtLgog-00823-00213288-00213551 often in close proximity
8fe9LGtLgog-00824-00213552-00213694 however
8fe9LGtLgog-00825-00213696-00213815 if
8fe9LGtLgog-00826-00213816-00214134 uh one goes for mutual intellect
8fe9LGtLgog-00827-00214135-00214471 intelligibility between speakers
8fe9LGtLgog-00828-00214471-00214758 as a main criterion
8fe9LGtLgog-00829-00214759-00215031 it is possible to divide most of these
8fe9LGtLgog-00830-00215032-00215151 dialects
8fe9LGtLgog-00831-00215152-00215415 into two categories defined
8fe9LGtLgog-00832-00215416-00215663 roughly according to their geographic
8fe9LGtLgog-00833-00215664-00216046 origins separated by the grades of river
8fe9LGtLgog-00834-00216048-00216231 in northern iraq
8fe9LGtLgog-00835-00216232-00216342 in fact
8fe9LGtLgog-00836-00216344-00216615 if we are to limit ourselves in this
8fe9LGtLgog-00837-00216616-00216958 webinar to iranian jewish languages
8fe9LGtLgog-00838-00216959-00217063 i would
8fe9LGtLgog-00839-00217064-00217294 i would argue that in spite of apparent
8fe9LGtLgog-00840-00217296-00217510 differences in dialects some
8fe9LGtLgog-00841-00217511-00217831 communication between groups of speakers
8fe9LGtLgog-00842-00217832-00218231 does result in mutual intelligibility
8fe9LGtLgog-00843-00218232-00218487 we have a what's up book dedicated to
8fe9LGtLgog-00844-00218488-00218767 descendants from roughly iranian
8fe9LGtLgog-00845-00218767-00218903 kurdistan
8fe9LGtLgog-00846-00218904-00219175 but we have been pleasantly surprised to
8fe9LGtLgog-00847-00219176-00219398 discover that we have mutual
8fe9LGtLgog-00848-00219400-00219551 intelligibility
8fe9LGtLgog-00849-00219552-00219806 with descendants from places like
8fe9LGtLgog-00850-00219807-00220127 halabja and
8fe9LGtLgog-00851-00220128-00220358 iraq and even descendants from
8fe9LGtLgog-00852-00220359-00220631 azerbaijan and georgia
8fe9LGtLgog-00853-00220632-00220871 which
8fe9LGtLgog-00854-00220871-00221182 brings us to as the an analogy
8fe9LGtLgog-00855-00221183-00221255 of
8fe9LGtLgog-00856-00221256-00221494 something like the english language
8fe9LGtLgog-00857-00221496-00221727 between speakers from
8fe9LGtLgog-00858-00221728-00222071 various parts of the world for example
8fe9LGtLgog-00859-00222071-00222327 you may say that speakers of english
8fe9LGtLgog-00860-00222328-00222463 from la
8fe9LGtLgog-00861-00222464-00222751 uh that has never heard australian
8fe9LGtLgog-00862-00222752-00222919 english accents
8fe9LGtLgog-00863-00222919-00223198 would for the first time not be able to
8fe9LGtLgog-00864-00223200-00223327 understand
8fe9LGtLgog-00865-00223328-00223671 uh each other where whereas after a few
8fe9LGtLgog-00866-00223671-00224015 uh a short discussion between them it is
8fe9LGtLgog-00867-00224016-00224142 always
8fe9LGtLgog-00868-00224144-00224367 possible that we know that it's possible
8fe9LGtLgog-00869-00224367-00224623 that one understands the other
8fe9LGtLgog-00870-00224623-00224823 the other issue and
8fe9LGtLgog-00871-00224823-00225103 challenge is the nostalgia and family
8fe9LGtLgog-00872-00225104-00225231 history
8fe9LGtLgog-00873-00225232-00225423 there are several groups around the
8fe9LGtLgog-00874-00225423-00225727 world that need to reminisce and dig
8fe9LGtLgog-00875-00225728-00226006 into the family history their families
8fe9LGtLgog-00876-00226007-00226231 in doing so they they feel they are
8fe9LGtLgog-00877-00226232-00226463 preserving their new aramaic language
8fe9LGtLgog-00878-00226464-00226582 and heritage
8fe9LGtLgog-00879-00226583-00226831 we're thankful for the significant work
8fe9LGtLgog-00880-00226832-00227119 that has been done by many in this field
8fe9LGtLgog-00881-00227119-00227398 to achieve the commonly shared objective
8fe9LGtLgog-00882-00227400-00227598 of revitalization
8fe9LGtLgog-00883-00227600-00227815 nostalgia is a positive motivating
8fe9LGtLgog-00884-00227816-00228039 factor in reviving the language but
8fe9LGtLgog-00885-00228040-00228142 often
8fe9LGtLgog-00886-00228144-00228587 overcome by nostalgic needs many tend to
8fe9LGtLgog-00887-00228588-00228967 de-prioritize the actual systematic work
8fe9LGtLgog-00888-00228967-00229175 that is required to achieve the
8fe9LGtLgog-00889-00229176-00229367 objective
8fe9LGtLgog-00890-00229367-00229598 another challenge is a relevance to
8fe9LGtLgog-00891-00229600-00229967 modern society new arab miura make is
8fe9LGtLgog-00892-00229967-00230215 often perceived as just an old mother
8fe9LGtLgog-00893-00230216-00230398 tongue with some jewish and christian
8fe9LGtLgog-00894-00230400-00230671 communities that left their homelands in
8fe9LGtLgog-00895-00230671-00230903 ancient assyria roughly today's
8fe9LGtLgog-00896-00230904-00231279 kurdistan in northern iraq western iran
8fe9LGtLgog-00897-00231280-00231567 north eastern syria southeastern turkey
8fe9LGtLgog-00898-00231567-00231791 azerbaijan and georgia
8fe9LGtLgog-00899-00231792-00232023 and settled elsewhere in the world
8fe9LGtLgog-00900-00232023-00232271 speaking functional and living languages
8fe9LGtLgog-00901-00232271-00232510 such as hebrew english and others
8fe9LGtLgog-00902-00232511-00232798 they feel that they there's no practical
8fe9LGtLgog-00903-00232800-00233079 need for aramaic or new remains except
8fe9LGtLgog-00904-00233080-00233351 for fulfilling sentimental needs and
8fe9LGtLgog-00905-00233352-00233575 tracing their family history
8fe9LGtLgog-00906-00233576-00233727 for many
8fe9LGtLgog-00907-00233728-00233831 there's
8fe9LGtLgog-00908-00233832-00234158 no serious uh justification for reviving
8fe9LGtLgog-00909-00234159-00234479 the language for them delving into rma
8fe9LGtLgog-00910-00234480-00234775 would only be intriguing at best
8fe9LGtLgog-00911-00234776-00235006 and they would readily abandon it as
8fe9LGtLgog-00912-00235007-00235734 soon as they meet linguistic obstacles
8fe9LGtLgog-00913-00235735-00236087 so um
8fe9LGtLgog-00914-00236088-00236534 institutes recognizing these challenges
8fe9LGtLgog-00915-00236535-00236798 met by many revival activists as i call
8fe9LGtLgog-00916-00236800-00236879 them
8fe9LGtLgog-00917-00236880-00237103 the ishana institute institute needs to
8fe9LGtLgog-00918-00237104-00237334 assist them in their efforts to meet
8fe9LGtLgog-00919-00237335-00237582 these challenges by acting as an
8fe9LGtLgog-00920-00237583-00237798 infrastructure organization
8fe9LGtLgog-00921-00237800-00238071 we believe that activists motivation may
8fe9LGtLgog-00922-00238071-00238334 stem from their ethnic origin or
8fe9LGtLgog-00923-00238335-00238567 nostalgia which we feel we have to
8fe9LGtLgog-00924-00238567-00238903 accept and nurture but we also think
8fe9LGtLgog-00925-00238904-00239271 that we need to enhance their awareness
8fe9LGtLgog-00926-00239271-00239494 of the very special status and
8fe9LGtLgog-00927-00239496-00239839 importance of that aramaic has for all
8fe9LGtLgog-00928-00239840-00240342 jews
8fe9LGtLgog-00929-00240344-00240598 and that brings me to
8fe9LGtLgog-00930-00240600-00240687 the
8fe9LGtLgog-00931-00240688-00240927 components of the special status of
8fe9LGtLgog-00932-00240928-00241142 aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00933-00241144-00241455 first of all apart from hebrew aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00934-00241456-00241710 is the only jewish language that has its
8fe9LGtLgog-00935-00241711-00242023 roots in ancient jewish history
8fe9LGtLgog-00936-00242023-00242375 as we read in the detron army
8fe9LGtLgog-00937-00242376-00242646 and thou shalt speak and say before thy
8fe9LGtLgog-00938-00242648-00242958 the god the lord the god
8fe9LGtLgog-00939-00242959-00243334 a wandering aramaian was my father
8fe9LGtLgog-00940-00243335-00243487 secondly
8fe9LGtLgog-00941-00243488-00243767 in ancient times in most of the middle
8fe9LGtLgog-00942-00243767-00243879 east
8fe9LGtLgog-00943-00243880-00243991 it was
8fe9LGtLgog-00944-00243992-00244287 customary in synagogues and prayer
8fe9LGtLgog-00945-00244288-00244551 centers to translate the torah from
8fe9LGtLgog-00946-00244552-00244798 hebrew into aramaic because the whole
8fe9LGtLgog-00947-00244800-00244951 congregation
8fe9LGtLgog-00948-00244952-00245167 spoke aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00949-00245167-00245463 aramaic belongs to all jews
8fe9LGtLgog-00950-00245464-00245679 other jewish languages like yiddish
8fe9LGtLgog-00951-00245680-00245791 ladino
8fe9LGtLgog-00952-00245792-00245958 judeo arabic
8fe9LGtLgog-00953-00245959-00246206 and also other iranian jewish languages
8fe9LGtLgog-00954-00246207-00246382 that are the subject of the current
8fe9LGtLgog-00955-00246383-00246510 webinars
8fe9LGtLgog-00956-00246511-00246894 each belong to a specific group of jews
8fe9LGtLgog-00957-00246896-00247055 in contrast
8fe9LGtLgog-00958-00247056-00247382 aramaic belongs to all jews as we all
8fe9LGtLgog-00959-00247383-00247655 originated from the middle east
8fe9LGtLgog-00960-00247656-00247991 so for example yiddish speakers could
8fe9LGtLgog-00961-00247992-00248623 and should claim ownership of aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-00962-00248623-00248782 next uh
8fe9LGtLgog-00963-00248783-00249055 aramaic continue to be used throughout
8fe9LGtLgog-00964-00249056-00249375 the periods of the bible the talmud the
8fe9LGtLgog-00965-00249376-00249479 zohar
8fe9LGtLgog-00966-00249480-00249791 and then it has found its way into our
8fe9LGtLgog-00967-00249792-00250110 daily prayers today
8fe9LGtLgog-00968-00250111-00250391 aramaic was a lingua franca adopted by
8fe9LGtLgog-00969-00250392-00250710 the persian accomplished as a vehicle
8fe9LGtLgog-00970-00250711-00250951 for written communication between all
8fe9LGtLgog-00971-00250952-00251206 the different regions of their vast
8fe9LGtLgog-00972-00251207-00251406 empire
8fe9LGtLgog-00973-00251407-00251606 with their with their different ethnic
8fe9LGtLgog-00974-00251607-00251775 and language groups
8fe9LGtLgog-00975-00251776-00252046 in fact the use of a single official
8fe9LGtLgog-00976-00252048-00252294 language contributed largely to their
8fe9LGtLgog-00977-00252296-00252591 success in holding their vast empire
8fe9LGtLgog-00978-00252592-00252871 together for as long as it did
8fe9LGtLgog-00979-00252871-00253206 that empire included today's middle east
8fe9LGtLgog-00980-00253207-00253567 and beyond and it extended over a long
8fe9LGtLgog-00981-00253567-00253655 period
8fe9LGtLgog-00982-00253656-00253903 including parts of the first and second
8fe9LGtLgog-00983-00253904-00254134 temple periods in israel
8fe9LGtLgog-00984-00254135-00254294 the book of esther
8fe9LGtLgog-00985-00254296-00254615 the royal decree of
8fe9LGtLgog-00986-00254616-00254879 all the royal decrees of king and series
8fe9LGtLgog-00987-00254880-00255055 that we read about
8fe9LGtLgog-00988-00255056-00255294 were most likely issued in aramaic to
8fe9LGtLgog-00989-00255296-00255582 ensure that they were understood in all
8fe9LGtLgog-00990-00255583-00255855 the territories of the empire
8fe9LGtLgog-00991-00255856-00256134 aramaic was rather similar
8fe9LGtLgog-00992-00256135-00256398 to the english language of today using
8fe9LGtLgog-00993-00256400-00256679 the social media to ensure universal
8fe9LGtLgog-00994-00256680-00256767 reach
8fe9LGtLgog-00995-00256767-00257134 and i think that is not a far-fetched uh
8fe9LGtLgog-00996-00257135-00257415 analogy
8fe9LGtLgog-00997-00257416-00257710 aramaic was also adopted by jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-00998-00257711-00257942 scholars all over the world to document
8fe9LGtLgog-00999-00257944-00258087 their work
8fe9LGtLgog-01000-00258088-00258116 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01001-00258117-00258239 [Music]
8fe9LGtLgog-01002-00258240-00258519 it has left its footprint in virtually
8fe9LGtLgog-01003-00258519-00259358 every piece of jewish liturgy
8fe9LGtLgog-01004-00259359-00259591 here's a short list of the activities
8fe9LGtLgog-01005-00259592-00260015 that lishana institute is involved
8fe9LGtLgog-01006-00260016-00260263 first of all enhancing public awareness
8fe9LGtLgog-01007-00260264-00260479 of the relevance of aramaic as a
8fe9LGtLgog-01008-00260480-00260758 language belonging to all jews by
8fe9LGtLgog-01009-00260759-00261006 holding conferences seminars
8fe9LGtLgog-01010-00261007-00261271 on the subject and vast coverage on
8fe9LGtLgog-01011-00261271-00261663 israeli radio tv and social media
8fe9LGtLgog-01012-00261664-00261951 secondly establishing practical tools
8fe9LGtLgog-01013-00261952-00262191 for studying and transmitting new arabic
8fe9LGtLgog-01014-00262192-00262375 to new generations
8fe9LGtLgog-01015-00262376-00262599 as an example we are working on a
8fe9LGtLgog-01016-00262600-00262910 collaborative online dictionary
8fe9LGtLgog-01017-00262911-00263158 addressing as many dialects as possible
8fe9LGtLgog-01018-00263159-00263375 and using a user interface for both
8fe9LGtLgog-01019-00263376-00263671 english and hebrew students
8fe9LGtLgog-01020-00263672-00263815 thirdly
8fe9LGtLgog-01021-00263816-00264047 digital dot domain documentation
8fe9LGtLgog-01022-00264048-00264230 conversations and interviews with
8fe9LGtLgog-01023-00264231-00264551 surviving speakers
8fe9LGtLgog-01024-00264552-00264655 fourth
8fe9LGtLgog-01025-00264656-00264879 encouraging the development and
8fe9LGtLgog-01026-00264880-00265127 conducting cultural programs in new era
8fe9LGtLgog-01027-00265128-00265399 makes such as music art film and
8fe9LGtLgog-01028-00265400-00265719 documentaries
8fe9LGtLgog-01029-00265720-00265943 lastly and possibly most importantly
8fe9LGtLgog-01030-00265944-00266239 lobbying israeli governmental bodies
8fe9LGtLgog-01031-00266240-00266527 to secure the recognition of aramaic as
8fe9LGtLgog-01032-00266528-00266734 one of the as one of the official
8fe9LGtLgog-01033-00266735-00267039 languages in israel hopefully resulting
8fe9LGtLgog-01034-00267040-00267239 educational and cultural programs
8fe9LGtLgog-01035-00267240-00267534 accessible to the general public
8fe9LGtLgog-01036-00267535-00267919 that if we had a very successful we had
8fe9LGtLgog-01037-00267920-00268191 a very successful meeting last week with
8fe9LGtLgog-01038-00268192-00268391 members of the israeli parliament the
8fe9LGtLgog-01039-00268392-00268695 classes where all our requests
8fe9LGtLgog-01040-00268696-00268967 virtually were accepted in principle
8fe9LGtLgog-01041-00268968-00269110 i should add
8fe9LGtLgog-01042-00269111-00269367 that all this was the result of the
8fe9LGtLgog-01043-00269368-00269558 tireless efforts by the nishanna
8fe9LGtLgog-01044-00269559-00269830 chairman dr yap of mohos
8fe9LGtLgog-01045-00269831-00270030 interestingly it may be noted that in
8fe9LGtLgog-01046-00270031-00270206 2017
8fe9LGtLgog-01047-00270207-00270455 the method recognized the aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01048-00270456-00270710 identity of the assyrian maronite
8fe9LGtLgog-01049-00270711-00270999 christian community in the galilee
8fe9LGtLgog-01050-00271000-00271215 members of that community
8fe9LGtLgog-01051-00271216-00271479 have since become eligible to register
8fe9LGtLgog-01052-00271480-00271799 in the israeli population registry as
8fe9LGtLgog-01053-00271800-00271951 aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01054-00271952-00272199 although this is not our intention
8fe9LGtLgog-01055-00272200-00272527 it is indicative of successful lobbying
8fe9LGtLgog-01056-00272528-00272830 in similar fields in israel
8fe9LGtLgog-01057-00272831-00273055 also indicating that israel is not only
8fe9LGtLgog-01058-00273056-00273303 preoccupied with war and peace issues
8fe9LGtLgog-01059-00273304-00273558 and elections but also
8fe9LGtLgog-01060-00273559-00273734 with many many
8fe9LGtLgog-01061-00273735-00274263 civic issues
8fe9LGtLgog-01062-00274264-00274558 so on that last subject i'd like to
8fe9LGtLgog-01063-00274559-00274647 expand
8fe9LGtLgog-01064-00274648-00274847 before i finish
8fe9LGtLgog-01065-00274848-00274991 about the nishana
8fe9LGtLgog-01066-00274992-00275247 lobby the israeli test
8fe9LGtLgog-01067-00275248-00275455 by the way two members of the knesset
8fe9LGtLgog-01068-00275456-00275703 are descendants of new era made speakers
8fe9LGtLgog-01069-00275704-00275943 including the speaker of the house
8fe9LGtLgog-01070-00275944-00276206 mk miki levy
8fe9LGtLgog-01071-00276207-00276463 objectives of blishana knesset lobby in
8fe9LGtLgog-01072-00276464-00276791 2002 are as follows
8fe9LGtLgog-01073-00276792-00276991 first and foremost preparation and
8fe9LGtLgog-01074-00276992-00277263 submission of an aramaic bill
8fe9LGtLgog-01075-00277264-00277503 for approval by the knesset constitution
8fe9LGtLgog-01076-00277504-00277734 committee followed by legislation
8fe9LGtLgog-01077-00277735-00277943 recognizing aramaic as one of the
8fe9LGtLgog-01078-00277944-00278182 official languages in israel
8fe9LGtLgog-01079-00278183-00278295 secondly
8fe9LGtLgog-01080-00278296-00278495 discussion in the classic education
8fe9LGtLgog-01081-00278496-00278591 committee
8fe9LGtLgog-01082-00278592-00278823 on the integration of aramaic into
8fe9LGtLgog-01083-00278824-00279006 educational system
8fe9LGtLgog-01084-00279007-00279223 as a as part of the jewish heritage
8fe9LGtLgog-01085-00279224-00279343 studies
8fe9LGtLgog-01086-00279344-00279567 followed by allocation of state
8fe9LGtLgog-01087-00279568-00279782 resources to add to
8fe9LGtLgog-01088-00279783-00280030 activities around aramaic language
8fe9LGtLgog-01089-00280031-00280287 culture and heritage
8fe9LGtLgog-01090-00280288-00280430 thirdly
8fe9LGtLgog-01091-00280431-00280743 state decision to recognize and support
8fe9LGtLgog-01092-00280744-00280999 hishana institute activities
8fe9LGtLgog-01093-00281000-00281263 and lastly enhancing
8fe9LGtLgog-01094-00281264-00281487 public awareness of aramaic as part of
8fe9LGtLgog-01095-00281488-00281775 the jewish and israeli identity starting
8fe9LGtLgog-01096-00281776-00282334 with a conference at the classic itself
8fe9LGtLgog-01097-00282335-00282495 just to give you an intriguing
8fe9LGtLgog-01098-00282496-00282758 indication that some things do move last
8fe9LGtLgog-01099-00282759-00282982 week i got a message from a colleague to
8fe9LGtLgog-01100-00282983-00283230 report that he was the first tour guide
8fe9LGtLgog-01101-00283231-00283487 in israel to receive a license from the
8fe9LGtLgog-01102-00283488-00283671 ministry of tourism
8fe9LGtLgog-01103-00283672-00284006 to guide in hebrew and aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01104-00284007-00284182 that is itself
8fe9LGtLgog-01105-00284183-00284639 deserves a celebration
8fe9LGtLgog-01106-00284640-00284815 in closing i would like to thank
8fe9LGtLgog-01107-00284816-00285087 professor sarah benoit of the hucs
8fe9LGtLgog-01108-00285088-00285319 jewish language project for organizing
8fe9LGtLgog-01109-00285320-00285630 and hosting this invaluable webinar for
8fe9LGtLgog-01110-00285631-00285751 many of us
8fe9LGtLgog-01111-00285752-00286006 thanks also to uh jacob cotner and
8fe9LGtLgog-01112-00286007-00286215 daniel and program
8fe9LGtLgog-01113-00286216-00286439 of wikitowns for their wonderful
8fe9LGtLgog-01114-00286440-00286671 cooperation on virtually every matter
8fe9LGtLgog-01115-00286672-00286967 that is thrown at them thanks a million
8fe9LGtLgog-01116-00286968-00287230 by the way tomorrow 21st february is the
8fe9LGtLgog-01117-00287231-00287471 international mother language day
8fe9LGtLgog-01118-00287472-00287871 which is held to promote multilingualism
8fe9LGtLgog-01119-00287872-00288119 uh and awareness of linguistic and
8fe9LGtLgog-01120-00288120-00288319 cultural diversity
8fe9LGtLgog-01121-00288320-00288543 i'm not sure if unesco
8fe9LGtLgog-01122-00288544-00288806 had aramaic in mind when it formally
8fe9LGtLgog-01123-00288807-00289158 announced this memorial day in 1999 that
8fe9LGtLgog-01124-00289159-00289415 many of us can justifiably celebrate
8fe9LGtLgog-01125-00289416-00289727 tomorrow anyway finally i'd like to use
8fe9LGtLgog-01126-00289728-00289967 this platform to call on anybody who's
8fe9LGtLgog-01127-00289968-00290247 prepared to volunteer and play an active
8fe9LGtLgog-01128-00290248-00290334 role
8fe9LGtLgog-01129-00290335-00290606 in the endeavor that i have outlined
8fe9LGtLgog-01130-00290607-00290751 here
8fe9LGtLgog-01131-00290752-00290910 and thank you very much for your
8fe9LGtLgog-01132-00290911-00291127 attention
8fe9LGtLgog-01133-00291128-00291358 thank you very much arielle now i'm
8fe9LGtLgog-01134-00291359-00291695 honored to introduce alan niku alan is a
8fe9LGtLgog-01135-00291696-00291951 filmmaker writer and scholar of mizrahi
8fe9LGtLgog-01136-00291952-00292223 culture from san luis obispo california
8fe9LGtLgog-01137-00292224-00292439 a native speaker of persian he spends
8fe9LGtLgog-01138-00292440-00292558 his time
8fe9LGtLgog-01139-00292559-00292782 learning related jewish languages
8fe9LGtLgog-01140-00292783-00293039 including jewish neo-aramaic deciphering
8fe9LGtLgog-01141-00293040-00293247 judeo-persian manuscripts and
8fe9LGtLgog-01142-00293248-00293415 interviewing community members about
8fe9LGtLgog-01143-00293416-00293671 their stories he dabbles in traditional
8fe9LGtLgog-01144-00293672-00293910 music cooking and liturgy teaches
8fe9LGtLgog-01145-00293911-00294134 history and jewish heritage at various
8fe9LGtLgog-01146-00294135-00294358 levels and seeks to teach the world
8fe9LGtLgog-01147-00294359-00294527 about the underrepresented cultures of
8fe9LGtLgog-01148-00294528-00294710 the middle east through his writing and
8fe9LGtLgog-01149-00294711-00294951 films and you saw an example of that
8fe9LGtLgog-01150-00294952-00295279 with the film that we just showed
8fe9LGtLgog-01151-00295280-00295415 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01152-00295416-00295671 now you're going to hear from him about
8fe9LGtLgog-01153-00295672-00295791 his
8fe9LGtLgog-01154-00295792-00296471 current project uh alan
8fe9LGtLgog-01155-00296472-00296639 hi
8fe9LGtLgog-01156-00296640-00296863 can you hear me yes
8fe9LGtLgog-01157-00296864-00297143 okay um i'm gonna tell a little personal
8fe9LGtLgog-01158-00297144-00297423 story about my connection with uh with
8fe9LGtLgog-01159-00297424-00297623 jewish neo-aramaic so
8fe9LGtLgog-01160-00297624-00297871 um as sarah mentioned i'm a persian
8fe9LGtLgog-01161-00297872-00298158 speaker i grew up in the united states
8fe9LGtLgog-01162-00298159-00298358 and my grandfather
8fe9LGtLgog-01163-00298359-00298663 was born in sanandej and he spoke
8fe9LGtLgog-01164-00298664-00298975 jewish neo-aramaic of san andreas
8fe9LGtLgog-01165-00298976-00299182 growing up this was a language i was
8fe9LGtLgog-01166-00299183-00299439 heard referred to as kurdish as courtney
8fe9LGtLgog-01167-00299440-00299663 which is what people in iran tended to
8fe9LGtLgog-01168-00299664-00299879 call it
8fe9LGtLgog-01169-00299880-00300143 and i always had an interest in
8fe9LGtLgog-01170-00300144-00300391 these kind of hidden secondary languages
8fe9LGtLgog-01171-00300392-00300582 so i spoke persian but it was exciting
8fe9LGtLgog-01172-00300583-00300895 that there was also kurdish and i
8fe9LGtLgog-01173-00300896-00301079 knew some hebrew because of
8fe9LGtLgog-01174-00301080-00301279 judaism and then i found out that there
8fe9LGtLgog-01175-00301280-00301406 are some prayers that are actually in
8fe9LGtLgog-01176-00301407-00301647 this language called aramaic so i had a
8fe9LGtLgog-01177-00301648-00301847 i didn't know these were that jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-01178-00301848-00302063 kurdish was aramaic i had
8fe9LGtLgog-01179-00302064-00302271 separate interests and then
8fe9LGtLgog-01180-00302272-00302482 as the years went on i started trying to
8fe9LGtLgog-01181-00302483-00302695 learn uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01182-00302696-00302910 kurdish and i was learning them from
8fe9LGtLgog-01183-00302911-00303039 like learning it from online
8fe9LGtLgog-01184-00303040-00303247 dictionaries and i was learning aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01185-00303248-00303423 just by reading translations in the
8fe9LGtLgog-01186-00303424-00303654 subaru and trying to figure that out and
8fe9LGtLgog-01187-00303655-00303830 then i had some relatives and kind of
8fe9LGtLgog-01188-00303831-00304047 more distant relatives
8fe9LGtLgog-01189-00304048-00304327 not my own immediate family who spoke
8fe9LGtLgog-01190-00304328-00304471 the language still
8fe9LGtLgog-01191-00304472-00304695 so i learned sentences from them and
8fe9LGtLgog-01192-00304696-00304879 eventually i started to realize that
8fe9LGtLgog-01193-00304880-00305087 this language of my grandfather which i
8fe9LGtLgog-01194-00305088-00305223 never spoke
8fe9LGtLgog-01195-00305224-00305375 and i never really knew my grandfather
8fe9LGtLgog-01196-00305376-00305558 he died when i was three
8fe9LGtLgog-01197-00305559-00305799 i i realized that
8fe9LGtLgog-01198-00305800-00306079 this language was was actually aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01199-00306080-00306399 and not kurdish um it was aramaic with
8fe9LGtLgog-01200-00306400-00306551 little bits of kurdish and little bits
8fe9LGtLgog-01201-00306552-00306775 of persian in it
8fe9LGtLgog-01202-00306776-00306879 so i always wanted to learn this
8fe9LGtLgog-01203-00306880-00307047 language even though that
8fe9LGtLgog-01204-00307048-00307334 it wasn't a practical need it wasn't um
8fe9LGtLgog-01205-00307335-00307527 you know everybody who speaks it also
8fe9LGtLgog-01206-00307528-00307791 speaks version farsi so i could speak
8fe9LGtLgog-01207-00307792-00308015 with them anyway
8fe9LGtLgog-01208-00308016-00308082 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01209-00308083-00308391 so i realized that i don't know i just
8fe9LGtLgog-01210-00308392-00308575 wanted to learn it because it felt like
8fe9LGtLgog-01211-00308576-00308695 a connection i could have with my
8fe9LGtLgog-01212-00308696-00308991 grandfather who i never really knew
8fe9LGtLgog-01213-00308992-00309103 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01214-00309104-00309295 so i started looking for ways to learn
8fe9LGtLgog-01215-00309296-00309510 this language as people have mentioned
8fe9LGtLgog-01216-00309511-00309654 all the dialects are really different
8fe9LGtLgog-01217-00309655-00309775 all the
8fe9LGtLgog-01218-00309776-00309991 the the little um
8fe9LGtLgog-01219-00309992-00310110 you know you can't just learn one
8fe9LGtLgog-01220-00310111-00310263 dialect and then say that you know a
8fe9LGtLgog-01221-00310264-00310391 different dialect you can't really do
8fe9LGtLgog-01222-00310392-00310758 that so i found resources to learn
8fe9LGtLgog-01223-00310759-00311054 a christian dialect from southern turkey
8fe9LGtLgog-01224-00311055-00311230 and i started learning that but i
8fe9LGtLgog-01225-00311231-00311399 started to see like this is not at all
8fe9LGtLgog-01226-00311400-00311519 the same as
8fe9LGtLgog-01227-00311520-00311687 the language that my distant relatives
8fe9LGtLgog-01228-00311688-00311799 speak
8fe9LGtLgog-01229-00311800-00312095 and i even traveled to iraqi kurdistan
8fe9LGtLgog-01230-00312096-00312358 in 2017 which is a story of its own
8fe9LGtLgog-01231-00312359-00312543 while i was there i went to assyrian
8fe9LGtLgog-01232-00312544-00312758 towns and i would speak with people in
8fe9LGtLgog-01233-00312759-00312943 this little bit that i knew of my
8fe9LGtLgog-01234-00312944-00313206 dialect and they would look at me like
8fe9LGtLgog-01235-00313207-00313487 we understand what you're saying but
8fe9LGtLgog-01236-00313488-00313679 kind of you know like it's pretty
8fe9LGtLgog-01237-00313680-00313854 different that you know there's a lot of
8fe9LGtLgog-01238-00313855-00314047 miscommunication
8fe9LGtLgog-01239-00314048-00314158 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01240-00314159-00314303 so eventually
8fe9LGtLgog-01241-00314304-00314487 one day i was sitting there just looking
8fe9LGtLgog-01242-00314488-00314695 around the internet and i found a book
8fe9LGtLgog-01243-00314696-00314927 by jeffrey kahn um
8fe9LGtLgog-01244-00314928-00315134 so i'm very pleased to be on this panel
8fe9LGtLgog-01245-00315135-00315447 with him and it's the book where jeffrey
8fe9LGtLgog-01246-00315448-00315758 khan actually went through and described
8fe9LGtLgog-01247-00315759-00315982 the senate edge dialect of aramaic in
8fe9LGtLgog-01248-00315983-00316239 full it's like a 600 page book
8fe9LGtLgog-01249-00316240-00316319 it's
8fe9LGtLgog-01250-00316320-00316575 all it's very linguistic
8fe9LGtLgog-01251-00316576-00316791 linguistic-y it has a lot of
8fe9LGtLgog-01252-00316792-00316934 technical terms because it's meant for
8fe9LGtLgog-01253-00316935-00317199 linguists it's documenting the language
8fe9LGtLgog-01254-00317200-00317327 but luckily for me i'd studied
8fe9LGtLgog-01255-00317328-00317606 linguistics in college so i knew what
8fe9LGtLgog-01256-00317607-00317815 subjunctive means and what ergative
8fe9LGtLgog-01257-00317816-00317967 means and all these things
8fe9LGtLgog-01258-00317968-00318119 and so i was actually able to start
8fe9LGtLgog-01259-00318120-00318358 learning this language for real so i had
8fe9LGtLgog-01260-00318359-00318430 a
8fe9LGtLgog-01261-00318431-00318671 little notebook that i have here with me
8fe9LGtLgog-01262-00318672-00318806 that i spent
8fe9LGtLgog-01263-00318807-00319039 a bunch of time just writing down words
8fe9LGtLgog-01264-00319040-00319239 and grammatical constructs and
8fe9LGtLgog-01265-00319240-00319343 everything
8fe9LGtLgog-01266-00319344-00319582 started to learn this language uh just
8fe9LGtLgog-01267-00319583-00319775 from the book and i would you know i'd
8fe9LGtLgog-01268-00319776-00319975 go on runs in the morning i would
8fe9LGtLgog-01269-00319976-00320158 have some lyrics of a song in my head
8fe9LGtLgog-01270-00320159-00320358 that i know and translate it as i ran
8fe9LGtLgog-01271-00320359-00320527 and then when i got home if there wasn't
8fe9LGtLgog-01272-00320528-00320679 a word i knew i would
8fe9LGtLgog-01273-00320680-00320879 go look it up or if there wasn't a
8fe9LGtLgog-01274-00320880-00321039 grammatical construct i knew i would
8fe9LGtLgog-01275-00321040-00321151 look it up
8fe9LGtLgog-01276-00321152-00321351 but still you can't really you can't
8fe9LGtLgog-01277-00321352-00321615 really learn a language just from
8fe9LGtLgog-01278-00321616-00321847 from a book you still have to
8fe9LGtLgog-01279-00321848-00322015 speak it and try it so i would take what
8fe9LGtLgog-01280-00322016-00322271 i was learning and i would go and
8fe9LGtLgog-01281-00322272-00322543 uh and corroborate with people that i
8fe9LGtLgog-01282-00322544-00322791 knew and with my dad's friends who are
8fe9LGtLgog-01283-00322792-00323079 from san andreas and speak the language
8fe9LGtLgog-01284-00323080-00323303 or i would go meet people i would be
8fe9LGtLgog-01285-00323304-00323471 sitting in a synagogue and suddenly hear
8fe9LGtLgog-01286-00323472-00323687 two people over there speaking this
8fe9LGtLgog-01287-00323688-00323871 language and i'd kind of like lean over
8fe9LGtLgog-01288-00323872-00323999 and they wouldn't think that i could
8fe9LGtLgog-01289-00324000-00324199 understand them because nobody really
8fe9LGtLgog-01290-00324200-00324367 under the age of 50
8fe9LGtLgog-01291-00324368-00324510 speaks this language
8fe9LGtLgog-01292-00324511-00324791 and so i would kind of lean over and i'd
8fe9LGtLgog-01293-00324792-00324919 hear what they're saying and then i'd
8fe9LGtLgog-01294-00324920-00325230 say in aramaic i know right and then
8fe9LGtLgog-01295-00325231-00325406 look at me um
8fe9LGtLgog-01296-00325407-00325582 and we started to talk and i stuck to
8fe9LGtLgog-01297-00325583-00325719 practice with them and some of the
8fe9LGtLgog-01298-00325720-00325863 people you saw in the video are people
8fe9LGtLgog-01299-00325864-00326054 that i you know grandparents of my
8fe9LGtLgog-01300-00326055-00326271 friends who i'd go and sit around with
8fe9LGtLgog-01301-00326272-00326471 and just talk and practice this language
8fe9LGtLgog-01302-00326472-00326615 i met shahnaz
8fe9LGtLgog-01303-00326616-00326934 who uh is working on the dictionary and
8fe9LGtLgog-01304-00326935-00327079 um it
8fe9LGtLgog-01305-00327080-00327263 it became this really gratifying thing
8fe9LGtLgog-01306-00327264-00327423 for me to be able to learn this language
8fe9LGtLgog-01307-00327424-00327567 that nobody in my immediate family
8fe9LGtLgog-01308-00327568-00327775 speaks nobody spoke since my grandfather
8fe9LGtLgog-01309-00327776-00327951 who died when i was three
8fe9LGtLgog-01310-00327952-00328095 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01311-00328096-00328343 it it just became a part of
8fe9LGtLgog-01312-00328344-00328495 like this very exciting part of my
8fe9LGtLgog-01313-00328496-00328758 identity and to the extent that um
8fe9LGtLgog-01314-00328759-00328927 recently like i've even gone to his
8fe9LGtLgog-01315-00328928-00329167 grave and sat there and talked to him in
8fe9LGtLgog-01316-00329168-00329406 his language which i know is really just
8fe9LGtLgog-01317-00329407-00329647 for me but it was cool to sit there and
8fe9LGtLgog-01318-00329648-00329854 talk to him and tell him about
8fe9LGtLgog-01319-00329855-00330063 who i am and about how everyone's doing
8fe9LGtLgog-01320-00330064-00330158 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01321-00330159-00330303 he's even
8fe9LGtLgog-01322-00330304-00330487 to get a little esoteric he's even come
8fe9LGtLgog-01323-00330488-00330671 to me in dreams recently and like we
8fe9LGtLgog-01324-00330672-00330847 just sit there and talk to each other in
8fe9LGtLgog-01325-00330848-00331110 aramaic which is a crazy thing because
8fe9LGtLgog-01326-00331111-00331375 even my my parents don't speak it
8fe9LGtLgog-01327-00331376-00331623 um and so i don't know i just started to
8fe9LGtLgog-01328-00331624-00331806 realize that that for me
8fe9LGtLgog-01329-00331807-00331967 um
8fe9LGtLgog-01330-00331968-00332095 this became a really important thing
8fe9LGtLgog-01331-00332096-00332319 that i want to do with my filmmaking
8fe9LGtLgog-01332-00332320-00332510 filmmaking and with my
8fe9LGtLgog-01333-00332511-00332710 my work because uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01334-00332711-00332887 everybody talks about aramaic as a dead
8fe9LGtLgog-01335-00332888-00333071 language or a dying language and for me
8fe9LGtLgog-01336-00333072-00333254 like it was actually bringing my
8fe9LGtLgog-01337-00333255-00333415 grandfather back to life in a way it
8fe9LGtLgog-01338-00333416-00333671 became like a life language
8fe9LGtLgog-01339-00333672-00333878 and so i don't know what the future is
8fe9LGtLgog-01340-00333879-00334063 for this language i think it's
8fe9LGtLgog-01341-00334064-00334158 hard for
8fe9LGtLgog-01342-00334159-00334230 for
8fe9LGtLgog-01343-00334231-00334471 people in america and in israel to even
8fe9LGtLgog-01344-00334472-00334743 teach their kids farsi much less
8fe9LGtLgog-01345-00334744-00335119 the next language much less aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01346-00335120-00335215 but
8fe9LGtLgog-01347-00335216-00335478 events like this are are really exciting
8fe9LGtLgog-01348-00335479-00335671 events like this are are what give me
8fe9LGtLgog-01349-00335672-00335751 hope
8fe9LGtLgog-01350-00335752-00335887 and uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01351-00335888-00336063 they give me hope that maybe i won't be
8fe9LGtLgog-01352-00336064-00336287 the youngest speaker of this language
8fe9LGtLgog-01353-00336288-00336567 left so i want to thank everyone for for
8fe9LGtLgog-01354-00336568-00336727 coming to this and for
8fe9LGtLgog-01355-00336728-00337047 being part of this uh this event
8fe9LGtLgog-01356-00337048-00337239 wow alan that's beautiful thank you so
8fe9LGtLgog-01357-00337240-00337423 much so we see that
8fe9LGtLgog-01358-00337424-00337734 that jewish neo-aramaic is is connected
8fe9LGtLgog-01359-00337735-00338047 to family experiences and
8fe9LGtLgog-01360-00338048-00338303 um we're now going to turn to another
8fe9LGtLgog-01361-00338304-00338558 uh set of people who have family
8fe9LGtLgog-01362-00338559-00338882 experiences with jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-01363-00338883-00339358 neo-aramaic alone azizi and adi kadusi
8fe9LGtLgog-01364-00339359-00339510 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01365-00339511-00339854 they based in tel aviv adi and alon have
8fe9LGtLgog-01366-00339855-00340087 backgrounds in various styles of music
8fe9LGtLgog-01367-00340088-00340303 with their current project
8fe9LGtLgog-01368-00340304-00340519 they aim to revive their family's
8fe9LGtLgog-01369-00340520-00340767 ancient language of aramaic with beats
8fe9LGtLgog-01370-00340768-00340958 that will make people around the world
8fe9LGtLgog-01371-00340959-00341278 dance while asking what language is this
8fe9LGtLgog-01372-00341279-00341439 they're planning to release their first
8fe9LGtLgog-01373-00341440-00341727 single this year followed by their debut
8fe9LGtLgog-01374-00341728-00342006 album and i'm going to ask alon and adi
8fe9LGtLgog-01375-00342007-00342230 to explain how they got interested in
8fe9LGtLgog-01376-00342231-00342439 jewish neo-aramaic and why it's
8fe9LGtLgog-01377-00342440-00342671 important to them to create new music in
8fe9LGtLgog-01378-00342672-00342895 this language
8fe9LGtLgog-01379-00342896-00343119 hi thank you so much sarah we're really
8fe9LGtLgog-01380-00343120-00343334 excited to be here with you guys
8fe9LGtLgog-01381-00343335-00343430 um
8fe9LGtLgog-01382-00343431-00343727 i will i think i speak for both of us um
8fe9LGtLgog-01383-00343728-00343958 and and i join also alan
8fe9LGtLgog-01384-00343959-00344254 that we didn't we did not know that our
8fe9LGtLgog-01385-00344255-00344503 families speak our make
8fe9LGtLgog-01386-00344504-00344727 we also thought that it was a mixture of
8fe9LGtLgog-01387-00344728-00345119 farsi and or kurdish and only in recent
8fe9LGtLgog-01388-00345120-00345382 years we discovered that the language
8fe9LGtLgog-01389-00345383-00345623 that our family speaks on a daily basis
8fe9LGtLgog-01390-00345624-00345863 is actually lishana noshan or nero
8fe9LGtLgog-01391-00345864-00346247 aramaic and um for me it was like a
8fe9LGtLgog-01392-00346248-00346399 revelation that
8fe9LGtLgog-01393-00346400-00346719 i felt that i i had no idea that my
8fe9LGtLgog-01394-00346720-00347030 family holds such a precious treasure
8fe9LGtLgog-01395-00347031-00347295 let's say that's how i saw it something
8fe9LGtLgog-01396-00347296-00347551 that is um
8fe9LGtLgog-01397-00347552-00347815 slowly or actually pretty pretty quickly
8fe9LGtLgog-01398-00347816-00347999 we can say disappearing from the world
8fe9LGtLgog-01399-00348000-00348167 and if we don't do any something right
8fe9LGtLgog-01400-00348168-00348415 now to cherish it we're gonna lose it
8fe9LGtLgog-01401-00348416-00348743 forever and i felt that that was my
8fe9LGtLgog-01402-00348744-00348951 that was my goal to
8fe9LGtLgog-01403-00348952-00349303 to do something or to find a way to
8fe9LGtLgog-01404-00349304-00349495 to um
8fe9LGtLgog-01405-00349496-00349751 have this cultural experience
8fe9LGtLgog-01406-00349752-00349934 in a way that we can share it with the
8fe9LGtLgog-01407-00349935-00350151 with the younger generations and with
8fe9LGtLgog-01408-00350152-00350382 future generations and
8fe9LGtLgog-01409-00350383-00350663 to save something from my family and
8fe9LGtLgog-01410-00350664-00350823 from our heritage
8fe9LGtLgog-01411-00350824-00350982 i think furthermore
8fe9LGtLgog-01412-00350983-00351071 um
8fe9LGtLgog-01413-00351072-00351319 the fact that we have such a huge
8fe9LGtLgog-01414-00351320-00351663 history of that goes back 4 000 years
8fe9LGtLgog-01415-00351664-00352006 ago and goes back to the to the uh first
8fe9LGtLgog-01416-00352007-00352103 um
8fe9LGtLgog-01417-00352104-00352247 uh temple
8fe9LGtLgog-01418-00352248-00352334 um
8fe9LGtLgog-01419-00352335-00352654 and you know historically this is such a
8fe9LGtLgog-01420-00352655-00352895 uh an important such an importance of
8fe9LGtLgog-01421-00352896-00353127 preserving this language
8fe9LGtLgog-01422-00353128-00353327 so it's also it's not something that is
8fe9LGtLgog-01423-00353328-00353623 also meaningful to us as as something of
8fe9LGtLgog-01424-00353624-00353934 our families but it also has a much more
8fe9LGtLgog-01425-00353935-00354158 a bigger aspect of what it means to the
8fe9LGtLgog-01426-00354159-00354527 world where we as the descendants of
8fe9LGtLgog-01427-00354528-00354791 aramaic speaking people
8fe9LGtLgog-01428-00354792-00355047 what we can do about it right now how we
8fe9LGtLgog-01429-00355048-00355334 can do something with what we do in our
8fe9LGtLgog-01430-00355335-00355727 daily on a daily basis which is music
8fe9LGtLgog-01431-00355728-00356030 this is our way to contribute to
8fe9LGtLgog-01432-00356031-00356206 saving aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01433-00356207-00356439 and i wanted to add
8fe9LGtLgog-01434-00356440-00356734 that when we started to work on this
8fe9LGtLgog-01435-00356735-00356927 musical project
8fe9LGtLgog-01436-00356928-00357143 we did find the language but we couldn't
8fe9LGtLgog-01437-00357144-00357295 find music
8fe9LGtLgog-01438-00357296-00357551 that is uh based in
8fe9LGtLgog-01439-00357552-00357823 san antonio in iran or
8fe9LGtLgog-01440-00357824-00357958 elsewhere
8fe9LGtLgog-01441-00357959-00358206 like other
8fe9LGtLgog-01442-00358207-00358471 people from from morocco or from other
8fe9LGtLgog-01443-00358472-00358678 places in the world there are a lot of
8fe9LGtLgog-01444-00358679-00358806 music like
8fe9LGtLgog-01445-00358807-00359134 songs from the synagogue uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01446-00359135-00359278 folk songs
8fe9LGtLgog-01447-00359279-00359399 that uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01448-00359400-00359591 those people have but we
8fe9LGtLgog-01449-00359592-00359927 i we didn't find any kind of music like
8fe9LGtLgog-01450-00359928-00360175 this so i want to uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01451-00360176-00360399 to take this opportunity and
8fe9LGtLgog-01452-00360400-00360654 say to all the community that hear us if
8fe9LGtLgog-01453-00360655-00360815 anybody knows
8fe9LGtLgog-01454-00360816-00361182 or has a recording of his grandparents
8fe9LGtLgog-01455-00361183-00361391 singing
8fe9LGtLgog-01456-00361392-00361758 songs that are folk music from
8fe9LGtLgog-01457-00361759-00361927 our region
8fe9LGtLgog-01458-00361928-00362310 or from synagogues or even texts
8fe9LGtLgog-01459-00362311-00362558 any kind of text like a prayer or
8fe9LGtLgog-01460-00362559-00362727 something
8fe9LGtLgog-01461-00362728-00362975 not wholly it would be great uh to
8fe9LGtLgog-01462-00362976-00363254 receive them so we can continue our
8fe9LGtLgog-01463-00363255-00363591 project our main goal is actually as a d
8fe9LGtLgog-01464-00363592-00363863 said to uh is to
8fe9LGtLgog-01465-00363864-00364078 take it take this language and take this
8fe9LGtLgog-01466-00364079-00364239 music to the world
8fe9LGtLgog-01467-00364240-00364358 that
8fe9LGtLgog-01468-00364359-00364630 people will know that there was uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01469-00364631-00364815 that there is uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01470-00364816-00364982 amazing uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01471-00364983-00365215 language that nobody actually a lot of
8fe9LGtLgog-01472-00365216-00365415 people don't know about it
8fe9LGtLgog-01473-00365416-00365534 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01474-00365535-00365799 it has such a great uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01475-00365800-00365958 history
8fe9LGtLgog-01476-00365959-00366095 so um
8fe9LGtLgog-01477-00366096-00366287 so as i said um
8fe9LGtLgog-01478-00366288-00366447 my family
8fe9LGtLgog-01479-00366448-00366654 originally came from bizarre
8fe9LGtLgog-01480-00366655-00366758 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01481-00366759-00367110 they moved my my grandmother lily bless
8fe9LGtLgog-01482-00367111-00367454 herself she just celebrated 90
8fe9LGtLgog-01483-00367455-00367767 and she and my grandfather who passed
8fe9LGtLgog-01484-00367768-00368095 away 30 years ago eliakadusi they came
8fe9LGtLgog-01485-00368096-00368527 from vijayaan and during 1949. 49
8fe9LGtLgog-01486-00368528-00368734 and um and
8fe9LGtLgog-01487-00368735-00368991 when my my my dad actually was born in
8fe9LGtLgog-01488-00368992-00369263 israel and um
8fe9LGtLgog-01489-00369264-00369503 you know he married someone not from the
8fe9LGtLgog-01490-00369504-00369695 community and therefore
8fe9LGtLgog-01491-00369696-00369815 my uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01492-00369816-00370047 my my family like my mother tongue is
8fe9LGtLgog-01493-00370048-00370375 not our make it's not lishan anoshan and
8fe9LGtLgog-01494-00370376-00370703 both of us discovered it in a very
8fe9LGtLgog-01495-00370704-00370815 early
8fe9LGtLgog-01496-00370816-00370991 late age let's say
8fe9LGtLgog-01497-00370992-00371223 so our mother tongues are not lishan and
8fe9LGtLgog-01498-00371224-00371527 oshan but we do our best to learn the
8fe9LGtLgog-01499-00371528-00371758 language like alan did
8fe9LGtLgog-01500-00371759-00371958 and the way that we do it is through
8fe9LGtLgog-01501-00371959-00372134 music so
8fe9LGtLgog-01502-00372135-00372247 we try
8fe9LGtLgog-01503-00372248-00372558 to practice it but eventually we
8fe9LGtLgog-01504-00372559-00372782 really let the music talk because we
8fe9LGtLgog-01505-00372783-00372951 know that we can't
8fe9LGtLgog-01506-00372952-00373215 we can't say or pronounce the word
8fe9LGtLgog-01507-00373216-00373430 exactly as it is
8fe9LGtLgog-01508-00373431-00373710 we're not academics like professor khan
8fe9LGtLgog-01509-00373711-00373878 here
8fe9LGtLgog-01510-00373879-00374095 so this is our way to
8fe9LGtLgog-01511-00374096-00374327 to give respect to the language and we
8fe9LGtLgog-01512-00374328-00374591 really hope that if anyone wants to open
8fe9LGtLgog-01513-00374592-00374943 uh a narrower make lesson or a class
8fe9LGtLgog-01514-00374944-00375223 please sign us up because we're very
8fe9LGtLgog-01515-00375224-00375463 very enthusiastic about it
8fe9LGtLgog-01516-00375464-00375558 um
8fe9LGtLgog-01517-00375559-00375767 i think this is the time to share our
8fe9LGtLgog-01518-00375768-00375919 first song
8fe9LGtLgog-01519-00375920-00376030 um
8fe9LGtLgog-01520-00376031-00376191 we've been working on it for more than a
8fe9LGtLgog-01521-00376192-00376463 year now uh we have a bunch of songs and
8fe9LGtLgog-01522-00376464-00376687 these two are the ones that we can
8fe9LGtLgog-01523-00376688-00376854 finally share with you
8fe9LGtLgog-01524-00376855-00377110 um you want to tell them okay
8fe9LGtLgog-01525-00377111-00377199 um
8fe9LGtLgog-01526-00377200-00377478 so it's a question a question about
8fe9LGtLgog-01527-00377479-00377639 different dialects so
8fe9LGtLgog-01528-00377640-00377727 first
8fe9LGtLgog-01529-00377728-00377895 it's a few part question
8fe9LGtLgog-01530-00377896-00378095 are there so many dialects and
8fe9LGtLgog-01531-00378096-00378263 differences between jewish and christian
8fe9LGtLgog-01532-00378264-00378478 variants because they were isolated
8fe9LGtLgog-01533-00378479-00378751 population and had little or no contacts
8fe9LGtLgog-01534-00378752-00379006 with the other groups or did jews have
8fe9LGtLgog-01535-00379007-00379254 more contact with jews from other towns
8fe9LGtLgog-01536-00379255-00379406 than with the christians from their
8fe9LGtLgog-01537-00379407-00379495 towns
8fe9LGtLgog-01538-00379496-00379830 and what um how how should we refer to
8fe9LGtLgog-01539-00379831-00380039 them as dialects or languages if they
8fe9LGtLgog-01540-00380040-00380271 are not mutually intelligible then
8fe9LGtLgog-01541-00380272-00380647 aren't they separate languages
8fe9LGtLgog-01542-00380648-00380791 right yeah well it's very important
8fe9LGtLgog-01543-00380792-00380943 question a big big question very
8fe9LGtLgog-01544-00380944-00381078 important question
8fe9LGtLgog-01545-00381079-00381278 um well first of all i mean there are
8fe9LGtLgog-01546-00381279-00381478 several factors that explain the
8fe9LGtLgog-01547-00381479-00381751 diversity of dialects in
8fe9LGtLgog-01548-00381752-00381927 the kurdistan region
8fe9LGtLgog-01549-00381928-00382191 i mean one of them is antiquity
8fe9LGtLgog-01550-00382192-00382406 i mean the fact that when you have many
8fe9LGtLgog-01551-00382407-00382719 diverse dialects in a in a place it
8fe9LGtLgog-01552-00382720-00382958 reflects antiquity i also like to give
8fe9LGtLgog-01553-00382959-00383191 people the exam the comparison between
8fe9LGtLgog-01554-00383192-00383399 england the dialects of english in
8fe9LGtLgog-01555-00383400-00383702 england and north america or australia
8fe9LGtLgog-01556-00383703-00383854 where you have migrants
8fe9LGtLgog-01557-00383855-00384039 essentially in england there are many
8fe9LGtLgog-01558-00384040-00384206 many dialects but unfortunately even the
8fe9LGtLgog-01559-00384207-00384375 english diets are now very endangered
8fe9LGtLgog-01560-00384376-00384567 but basically we have a great diversity
8fe9LGtLgog-01561-00384568-00384758 of regional dialects whereas in north
8fe9LGtLgog-01562-00384759-00384943 america it's less so obviously there are
8fe9LGtLgog-01563-00384944-00385206 some distinctions in regions so
8fe9LGtLgog-01564-00385207-00385502 diversity reflects antiquity
8fe9LGtLgog-01565-00385503-00385687 so the fact that there are many jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-01566-00385688-00385839 dialects and many christian diets
8fe9LGtLgog-01567-00385840-00386006 reflect the fact that aramaic's been
8fe9LGtLgog-01568-00386007-00386215 spoken there for many many generations
8fe9LGtLgog-01569-00386216-00386430 going all the way back to antiquity
8fe9LGtLgog-01570-00386431-00386615 now the issue about why there's
8fe9LGtLgog-01571-00386616-00386823 differences between jews and christians
8fe9LGtLgog-01572-00386824-00387158 as i was saying in my talk the
8fe9LGtLgog-01573-00387159-00387406 uh one of the major motivations is the
8fe9LGtLgog-01574-00387407-00387543 issue of
8fe9LGtLgog-01575-00387544-00387758 the role of languages as an emblem of
8fe9LGtLgog-01576-00387759-00387975 identity
8fe9LGtLgog-01577-00387976-00388199 in that jews and christians felt
8fe9LGtLgog-01578-00388200-00388439 themselves to be distinct have distinct
8fe9LGtLgog-01579-00388440-00388623 identities obviously
8fe9LGtLgog-01580-00388624-00388895 and they expressed that through language
8fe9LGtLgog-01581-00388896-00389143 not necessarily always consciously but
8fe9LGtLgog-01582-00389144-00389399 there was a a kind of your the language
8fe9LGtLgog-01583-00389400-00389519 dialects
8fe9LGtLgog-01584-00389520-00389830 diverged and changed as an expression of
8fe9LGtLgog-01585-00389831-00390071 communal identity
8fe9LGtLgog-01586-00390072-00390247 um yeah so those those are sort of the
8fe9LGtLgog-01587-00390248-00390423 major factors
8fe9LGtLgog-01588-00390424-00390502 um
8fe9LGtLgog-01589-00390503-00390639 what was the other there was some other
8fe9LGtLgog-01590-00390640-00390895 element to the question was there
8fe9LGtLgog-01591-00390896-00390967 um
8fe9LGtLgog-01592-00390968-00391206 well i actually do have another question
8fe9LGtLgog-01593-00391207-00391367 for you since you're already speaking um
8fe9LGtLgog-01594-00391368-00391551 about the relationship between ancient
8fe9LGtLgog-01595-00391552-00391958 and neo uh jewish aramaic and um
8fe9LGtLgog-01596-00391959-00392215 so would you say that jewish neo-aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01597-00392216-00392606 is the oldest living jewish language and
8fe9LGtLgog-01598-00392607-00392791 can we talk about continuity between the
8fe9LGtLgog-01599-00392792-00392934 aramaic and the talmud and the
8fe9LGtLgog-01600-00392935-00393151 neo-aramaic that you're documenting and
8fe9LGtLgog-01601-00393152-00393375 why not just call it judeo-aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01602-00393376-00393623 instead of jewish neo-aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01603-00393624-00393767 okay well
8fe9LGtLgog-01604-00393768-00393927 issues of course there's there are many
8fe9LGtLgog-01605-00393928-00394175 forms of written arabic now in terms of
8fe9LGtLgog-01606-00394176-00394375 jewish dialects we have obviously things
8fe9LGtLgog-01607-00394376-00394639 like the language of the targums the
8fe9LGtLgog-01608-00394640-00394839 language of the talmuds
8fe9LGtLgog-01609-00394840-00395110 um but um and some of these of course
8fe9LGtLgog-01610-00395111-00395327 come from the mesopotamian region like
8fe9LGtLgog-01611-00395328-00395534 jim babylonian talmud is coming from
8fe9LGtLgog-01612-00395535-00395695 mesopotamia
8fe9LGtLgog-01613-00395696-00395767 so
8fe9LGtLgog-01614-00395768-00395982 but the the the the important point
8fe9LGtLgog-01615-00395983-00396287 about jewish neo-aramaic is that it it
8fe9LGtLgog-01616-00396288-00396591 has different roots from the a tested
8fe9LGtLgog-01617-00396592-00396847 form of written jewish aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01618-00396848-00397158 and it is it is equally ancient
8fe9LGtLgog-01619-00397159-00397375 in fact indeed is probably more ancient
8fe9LGtLgog-01620-00397376-00397519 than say jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-01621-00397520-00397775 babylonian talmudic arabic
8fe9LGtLgog-01622-00397776-00398071 it simply was was was it had has been a
8fe9LGtLgog-01623-00398072-00398343 vernacular language for many
8fe9LGtLgog-01624-00398344-00398519 many generations going all the way back
8fe9LGtLgog-01625-00398520-00398791 to antiquity but running in parallel to
8fe9LGtLgog-01626-00398792-00399015 literary forms i think that that reminds
8fe9LGtLgog-01627-00399016-00399182 me one of the the questions was issue is
8fe9LGtLgog-01628-00399183-00399343 it a language or dialect well basically
8fe9LGtLgog-01629-00399344-00399495 the distinct between dialect and
8fe9LGtLgog-01630-00399496-00399606 language
8fe9LGtLgog-01631-00399607-00399815 is not really something scientifically
8fe9LGtLgog-01632-00399816-00400078 provable it's really it's all an issue
8fe9LGtLgog-01633-00400079-00400334 of what you feel is it your language
8fe9LGtLgog-01634-00400335-00400575 and jews and christians often would
8fe9LGtLgog-01635-00400576-00400767 typically think they have a distinct
8fe9LGtLgog-01636-00400768-00401039 language in terms of aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01637-00401040-00401223 and it's because they feel
8fe9LGtLgog-01638-00401224-00401430 their what they speak is an emblem of
8fe9LGtLgog-01639-00401431-00401639 their identity therefore it is their
8fe9LGtLgog-01640-00401640-00401878 language so and that is essentially
8fe9LGtLgog-01641-00401879-00402110 says there's a social
8fe9LGtLgog-01642-00402111-00402430 lit social identity disk
8fe9LGtLgog-01643-00402431-00402710 definition of a language
8fe9LGtLgog-01644-00402711-00402910 okay thank you the next question goes to
8fe9LGtLgog-01645-00402911-00403182 shannaz uh the question is
8fe9LGtLgog-01646-00403183-00403415 what was your favorite part of compiling
8fe9LGtLgog-01647-00403416-00403575 the dictionary and when is your
8fe9LGtLgog-01648-00403576-00403727 dictionary coming out because some
8fe9LGtLgog-01649-00403728-00404199 people here can't wait to get a copy
8fe9LGtLgog-01650-00404200-00404463 the most important part i find out how
8fe9LGtLgog-01651-00404464-00404775 many verbs that we have is combined
8fe9LGtLgog-01652-00404776-00404967 with kurdish aramaic or pressure
8fe9LGtLgog-01653-00404968-00405215 aromatics so many of them
8fe9LGtLgog-01654-00405216-00405382 and also
8fe9LGtLgog-01655-00405383-00405623 i was so happy that
8fe9LGtLgog-01656-00405624-00405839 i documented
8fe9LGtLgog-01657-00405840-00406078 some of these especially phrases and
8fe9LGtLgog-01658-00406079-00406406 expressions that we use in our
8fe9LGtLgog-01659-00406407-00406630 you know conversations
8fe9LGtLgog-01660-00406631-00406919 daily life
8fe9LGtLgog-01661-00406920-00407119 and we don't know when your dictionary
8fe9LGtLgog-01662-00407120-00407319 is coming out but we we have talked
8fe9LGtLgog-01663-00407320-00407406 about
8fe9LGtLgog-01664-00407407-00407599 combining the work that you've done with
8fe9LGtLgog-01665-00407600-00407871 the work that ariel is doing um with
8fe9LGtLgog-01666-00407872-00408102 with lishana institute and creating a
8fe9LGtLgog-01667-00408103-00408295 massive online dictionary with
8fe9LGtLgog-01668-00408296-00408591 recordings of each entry while there are
8fe9LGtLgog-01669-00408592-00408815 still native speakers around to record
8fe9LGtLgog-01670-00408816-00409110 those entries so so that's in progress
8fe9LGtLgog-01671-00409111-00409230 and uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01672-00409231-00409463 hopefully we'll have that i don't know
8fe9LGtLgog-01673-00409464-00409782 when um but maybe in a year or so
8fe9LGtLgog-01674-00409783-00409974 because it does take a long time and
8fe9LGtLgog-01675-00409975-00410191 takes a lot of work from
8fe9LGtLgog-01676-00410192-00410407 um the from people who know the language
8fe9LGtLgog-01677-00410408-00410647 and also just from people who volunteer
8fe9LGtLgog-01678-00410647-00410870 and and want to help out actually
8fe9LGtLgog-01679-00410871-00410999 helping with the dictionary is a great
8fe9LGtLgog-01680-00411000-00411134 way to learn the language so if there's
8fe9LGtLgog-01681-00411135-00411310 anyone here who wants to learn the
8fe9LGtLgog-01682-00411312-00411534 language and wants to be an intern for
8fe9LGtLgog-01683-00411535-00411799 this project please reach out and i'll
8fe9LGtLgog-01684-00411800-00412103 connect you with the appropriate people
8fe9LGtLgog-01685-00412104-00412463 the next question goes to ariel
8fe9LGtLgog-01686-00412464-00412551 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01687-00412552-00412766 um the question is assuming that aramaic
8fe9LGtLgog-01688-00412767-00412982 is recognized as an official israeli
8fe9LGtLgog-01689-00412983-00413126 language
8fe9LGtLgog-01690-00413127-00413263 how are we to assure that this will
8fe9LGtLgog-01691-00413264-00413526 focus on modern aramaic rather than on
8fe9LGtLgog-01692-00413527-00413734 ancient forms of aramaic which are
8fe9LGtLgog-01693-00413735-00413974 already part of the religious curriculum
8fe9LGtLgog-01694-00413975-00414159 and does it
8fe9LGtLgog-01695-00414160-00414310 how do you know how do you figure out
8fe9LGtLgog-01696-00414312-00414591 which dialect to focus on as for that
8fe9LGtLgog-01697-00414592-00414870 recognition
8fe9LGtLgog-01698-00414871-00415263 uh it is a really huge task to to take a
8fe9LGtLgog-01699-00415264-00415463 decision of that kind
8fe9LGtLgog-01700-00415464-00415822 um i think that uh for
8fe9LGtLgog-01701-00415823-00416055 writing purposes there is
8fe9LGtLgog-01702-00416056-00416407 uh virtually no alternative but to adopt
8fe9LGtLgog-01703-00416408-00416791 uh the the script that uh is commonly
8fe9LGtLgog-01704-00416792-00417134 used for the uh ancient arabic
8fe9LGtLgog-01705-00417135-00417214 uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01706-00417215-00417582 like in the in the talmud um but in
8fe9LGtLgog-01707-00417583-00417878 terms of uh the
8fe9LGtLgog-01708-00417879-00418070 um in terms of
8fe9LGtLgog-01709-00418071-00418174 spoken
8fe9LGtLgog-01710-00418175-00418455 arabic new arabic
8fe9LGtLgog-01711-00418456-00418943 and the way people will be speaking it
8fe9LGtLgog-01712-00418943-00419270 i can i can say very uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01713-00419271-00419463 i'm very pleased to say
8fe9LGtLgog-01714-00419464-00419687 that we have discovered
8fe9LGtLgog-01715-00419688-00420083 uh from real experience of
8fe9LGtLgog-01716-00420084-00420247 several
8fe9LGtLgog-01717-00420247-00420414 people in our groups
8fe9LGtLgog-01718-00420415-00420670 that there are basically
8fe9LGtLgog-01719-00420671-00420975 no more than two groups that we need to
8fe9LGtLgog-01720-00420976-00421087 address
8fe9LGtLgog-01721-00421088-00421318 we may have to distinguish between these
8fe9LGtLgog-01722-00421319-00421483 two groups in
8fe9LGtLgog-01723-00421484-00421895 defining which uh which accents or which
8fe9LGtLgog-01724-00421896-00422110 dialect we are going to adopt
8fe9LGtLgog-01725-00422112-00422335 uh but certainly within each of those
8fe9LGtLgog-01726-00422335-00422463 two groups
8fe9LGtLgog-01727-00422464-00422647 there's going to be
8fe9LGtLgog-01728-00422647-00422847 virtually no difference and i believe
8fe9LGtLgog-01729-00422847-00422935 that
8fe9LGtLgog-01730-00422935-00423079 in time
8fe9LGtLgog-01731-00423080-00423447 uh people within that within each group
8fe9LGtLgog-01732-00423447-00423703 will be able to communicate
8fe9LGtLgog-01733-00423704-00424014 between each other rather easily again
8fe9LGtLgog-01734-00424015-00424166 i'll come back to the
8fe9LGtLgog-01735-00424167-00424422 loose example that i mentioned in my uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01736-00424423-00424663 in my talk earlier of the english
8fe9LGtLgog-01737-00424664-00424991 language between two two different
8fe9LGtLgog-01738-00424992-00425175 various parts of the world
8fe9LGtLgog-01739-00425176-00425510 uh there is a mutual intelligibility
8fe9LGtLgog-01740-00425512-00425879 between i would argue almost all
8fe9LGtLgog-01741-00425880-00426127 english speakers in the world including
8fe9LGtLgog-01742-00426128-00426383 people whose uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01743-00426384-00426655 mother tongue is not english
8fe9LGtLgog-01744-00426656-00426839 so i hope that throws a little bit of
8fe9LGtLgog-01745-00426839-00427087 light on that question
8fe9LGtLgog-01746-00427088-00427327 okay thank you um and
8fe9LGtLgog-01747-00427328-00427503 then um for
8fe9LGtLgog-01748-00427504-00427718 there's a lot of praise for alan for
8fe9LGtLgog-01749-00427719-00428031 learning this language and for alon and
8fe9LGtLgog-01750-00428032-00428222 adi for learning it and creative
8fe9LGtLgog-01751-00428223-00428463 creating music in it and a question for
8fe9LGtLgog-01752-00428464-00428647 alon and adi is when will your album
8fe9LGtLgog-01753-00428647-00429062 come out and how can people get it
8fe9LGtLgog-01754-00429063-00429191 [Laughter]
8fe9LGtLgog-01755-00429192-00429343 well um
8fe9LGtLgog-01756-00429343-00429631 well we already know that um it's gonna
8fe9LGtLgog-01757-00429632-00429883 be featured in a
8fe9LGtLgog-01758-00429884-00430031 well-known um
8fe9LGtLgog-01759-00430032-00430231 tv show in the future
8fe9LGtLgog-01760-00430232-00430543 um we can't say at the moment but um
8fe9LGtLgog-01761-00430543-00430766 this is something that is very exciting
8fe9LGtLgog-01762-00430767-00430959 for us and i think it's a meaningful
8fe9LGtLgog-01763-00430960-00431239 step for everyone who speaks uh notion
8fe9LGtLgog-01764-00431239-00431327 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01765-00431328-00431591 so that's that's something and um and we
8fe9LGtLgog-01766-00431592-00431831 hope we plan to release the first single
8fe9LGtLgog-01767-00431832-00431975 in may
8fe9LGtLgog-01768-00431976-00432087 and uh
8fe9LGtLgog-01769-00432088-00432199 later on
8fe9LGtLgog-01770-00432200-00432335 you'll you'll see you'll hear more and
8fe9LGtLgog-01771-00432335-00432622 more songs please follow us on social
8fe9LGtLgog-01772-00432623-00432999 media on my page or our loans page
8fe9LGtLgog-01773-00433000-00433191 or write us
8fe9LGtLgog-01774-00433192-00433566 facebook instagram whatever you choose
8fe9LGtLgog-01775-00433567-00433766 more to come
8fe9LGtLgog-01776-00433767-00433910 great thank you
8fe9LGtLgog-01777-00433912-00434095 so i'm now going to turn it over to
8fe9LGtLgog-01778-00434096-00434391 hannah pressman our the jewish language
8fe9LGtLgog-01779-00434392-00434607 projects director of education and
8fe9LGtLgog-01780-00434608-00434743 engagement
8fe9LGtLgog-01781-00434743-00434831 and
8fe9LGtLgog-01782-00434832-00435095 she's going to tell us about
8fe9LGtLgog-01783-00435096-00435287 to thank our sponsors and tell us about
8fe9LGtLgog-01784-00435288-00435527 future events from the jewish language
8fe9LGtLgog-01785-00435528-00435831 project hannah
8fe9LGtLgog-01786-00435832-00436063 thank you professor vannour
8fe9LGtLgog-01787-00436064-00436391 on behalf of the huc-jir jewish language
8fe9LGtLgog-01788-00436392-00436566 project i'd like to thank everyone in
8fe9LGtLgog-01789-00436567-00436743 the audience for attending today's
8fe9LGtLgog-01790-00436743-00436991 wonderful presentations i know i learned
8fe9LGtLgog-01791-00436992-00437103 a lot
8fe9LGtLgog-01792-00437104-00437303 so thank you to our sponsors for making
8fe9LGtLgog-01793-00437304-00437575 this event possible the iranian-american
8fe9LGtLgog-01794-00437576-00437735 jewish federation
8fe9LGtLgog-01795-00437735-00438055 nessa synagogue and the usc kasdan
8fe9LGtLgog-01796-00438056-00438207 institute
8fe9LGtLgog-01797-00438208-00438414 additionally thank you to all of our
8fe9LGtLgog-01798-00438415-00438766 many co-sponsors 30 years after american
8fe9LGtLgog-01799-00438767-00438983 jewish committee american safari
8fe9LGtLgog-01800-00438984-00439103 federation
8fe9LGtLgog-01801-00439104-00439391 asf institute of jewish experience
8fe9LGtLgog-01802-00439392-00439543 the holocaust
8fe9LGtLgog-01803-00439543-00439783 endangered language alliance iranian
8fe9LGtLgog-01804-00439784-00440118 jewish women's organization jamanna
8fe9LGtLgog-01805-00440119-00440414 shy sephardic heritage alliance inc
8fe9LGtLgog-01806-00440415-00440735 ucla allen d levy center for jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-01807-00440735-00441103 studies and yns nazarian iranian young
8fe9LGtLgog-01808-00441104-00441279 leadership initiative of the jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-01809-00441280-00441479 federation of greater los angeles so
8fe9LGtLgog-01810-00441480-00441759 many wonderful partners thank you
8fe9LGtLgog-01811-00441760-00442007 and lastly thank you again to all the
8fe9LGtLgog-01812-00442008-00442183 panelists for today's fascinating
8fe9LGtLgog-01813-00442184-00442287 discussion
8fe9LGtLgog-01814-00442288-00442527 and the beautiful musical performance
8fe9LGtLgog-01815-00442528-00442751 cannot wait for adian alone single an
8fe9LGtLgog-01816-00442752-00442959 album to come out
8fe9LGtLgog-01817-00442960-00443143 today's panel was the third in our
8fe9LGtLgog-01818-00443143-00443407 ongoing series focusing on languages of
8fe9LGtLgog-01819-00443408-00443663 the jews of iran the final event will
8fe9LGtLgog-01820-00443664-00443927 take place on sunday march 13th at 10
8fe9LGtLgog-01821-00443928-00444135 a.m pacific and note
8fe9LGtLgog-01822-00444135-00444335 that daylight saving time starts that
8fe9LGtLgog-01823-00444335-00444431 day
8fe9LGtLgog-01824-00444432-00444727 the topic on march 13th is judeo persian
8fe9LGtLgog-01825-00444728-00445007 in the 20th century new research you'll
8fe9LGtLgog-01826-00445008-00445263 see alan nicu again along with several
8fe9LGtLgog-01827-00445264-00445559 other experts who will be sharing about
8fe9LGtLgog-01828-00445560-00445743 that topic and should be a wonderful
8fe9LGtLgog-01829-00445743-00446039 conclusion to this series hundreds of
8fe9LGtLgog-01830-00446039-00446263 people in fact have attended each of the
8fe9LGtLgog-01831-00446264-00446510 events in our languages of the jews of
8fe9LGtLgog-01832-00446512-00446775 iran series showing that there is huge
8fe9LGtLgog-01833-00446776-00447087 interest out there in this topic
8fe9LGtLgog-01834-00447088-00447263 our organization is currently raising
8fe9LGtLgog-01835-00447264-00447535 funds specifically to help preserve
8fe9LGtLgog-01836-00447535-00447743 iranian jewish languages
8fe9LGtLgog-01837-00447743-00447983 we are now about 30 percent of the way
8fe9LGtLgog-01838-00447984-00448159 towards our goal of raising twelve
8fe9LGtLgog-01839-00448160-00448351 thousand dollars that's the money
8fe9LGtLgog-01840-00448352-00448663 required to record twenty speakers of
8fe9LGtLgog-01841-00448664-00448887 these critically endangered languages
8fe9LGtLgog-01842-00448888-00449143 and create resources such as videos
8fe9LGtLgog-01843-00449143-00449399 translations with subtitles and
8fe9LGtLgog-01844-00449400-00449670 dictionaries that will be accessible to
8fe9LGtLgog-01845-00449671-00449887 the public now and for future
8fe9LGtLgog-01846-00449888-00450031 generations
8fe9LGtLgog-01847-00450032-00450222 if you'd like to support our efforts
8fe9LGtLgog-01848-00450223-00450470 please visit the give campus link that
8fe9LGtLgog-01849-00450471-00450727 professor benoir is dropping in the chat
8fe9LGtLgog-01850-00450728-00450935 the fundraiser runs until the end of
8fe9LGtLgog-01851-00450935-00451143 march and we really appreciate your
8fe9LGtLgog-01852-00451143-00451327 support
8fe9LGtLgog-01853-00451328-00451559 so now i want to quickly highlight two
8fe9LGtLgog-01854-00451560-00451903 other upcoming events on our calendar
8fe9LGtLgog-01855-00451904-00452222 on monday february 28th 9 a.m pacific 12
8fe9LGtLgog-01856-00452223-00452455 eastern professor bonor will give a
8fe9LGtLgog-01857-00452456-00452663 multimedia lecture entitled jewish
8fe9LGtLgog-01858-00452664-00452959 languages today endangered surviving and
8fe9LGtLgog-01859-00452960-00453239 thriving that talk is co-sponsored by
8fe9LGtLgog-01860-00453239-00453614 the asf institute of jewish experience
8fe9LGtLgog-01861-00453615-00453839 also mark your calendars for sunday
8fe9LGtLgog-01862-00453839-00454095 march the 6th we're joining up with the
8fe9LGtLgog-01863-00454096-00454343 forward and shalom an organization based
8fe9LGtLgog-01864-00454343-00454535 in sydney australia to host a
8fe9LGtLgog-01865-00454535-00454814 conversation about jewish wordle which
8fe9LGtLgog-01866-00454815-00455047 will look at the yiddish ladino and
8fe9LGtLgog-01867-00455047-00455366 jewish english versions of 2022's most
8fe9LGtLgog-01868-00455367-00455583 popular word game
8fe9LGtLgog-01869-00455584-00455775 jody rodoran editor-in-chief of the
8fe9LGtLgog-01870-00455776-00456047 forward will chat with the creators of
8fe9LGtLgog-01871-00456047-00456310 these puzzles and professor bonor will
8fe9LGtLgog-01872-00456312-00456510 provide commentary as well
8fe9LGtLgog-01873-00456512-00456695 note that the wordle event will start at
8fe9LGtLgog-01874-00456696-00456903 3 pm pacific which is later than our
8fe9LGtLgog-01875-00456904-00457151 typical start time
8fe9LGtLgog-01876-00457152-00457383 for more details and registration for
8fe9LGtLgog-01877-00457384-00457614 all of our upcoming events please visit
8fe9LGtLgog-01878-00457615-00458070 our website at jewishlanguages.org
8fe9LGtLgog-01879-00458071-00458222 while you're there you can sign up for
8fe9LGtLgog-01880-00458223-00458470 our mailing list and access many online
8fe9LGtLgog-01881-00458471-00458751 exhibits articles and videos of past
8fe9LGtLgog-01882-00458752-00458966 events including today's
8fe9LGtLgog-01883-00458967-00459175 you can also check out our social media
8fe9LGtLgog-01884-00459176-00459431 feeds for fun facts content from our
8fe9LGtLgog-01885-00459432-00459655 partner organizations buzzworthy
8fe9LGtLgog-01886-00459656-00460007 language news event reminders and more
8fe9LGtLgog-01887-00460008-00460191 here at the jewish language project we
8fe9LGtLgog-01888-00460192-00460439 are committed to documenting and raising
8fe9LGtLgog-01889-00460439-00460670 awareness of the linguistic diversity of
8fe9LGtLgog-01890-00460671-00460903 jewish communities around the globe
8fe9LGtLgog-01891-00460904-00461047 we believe that there is a world of
8fe9LGtLgog-01892-00461047-00461287 history in every jewish language and
8fe9LGtLgog-01893-00461288-00461487 every speaker has something to teach
8fe9LGtLgog-01894-00461488-00461727 which i think today's panel definitely
8fe9LGtLgog-01895-00461728-00461895 demonstrated
8fe9LGtLgog-01896-00461896-00462047 thank you again for joining us for
8fe9LGtLgog-01897-00462047-00462287 today's program we hope to see you again
8fe9LGtLgog-01898-00462288-00462812 soon have a wonderful week and stay safe
8kB4BFGtvjI-00000-00000102-00000563 I will end at my recording on this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00001-00000564-00000923 scripted so uh hello to everybody
8kB4BFGtvjI-00002-00000924-00001397 today is our second Zoom meeting
8kB4BFGtvjI-00003-00001398-00001667 a flipped classroom in optimization
8kB4BFGtvjI-00004-00001668-00002155 course and uh today is here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00005-00002156-00002626 it's 3rd of April 2023 this is a little
8kB4BFGtvjI-00006-00002627-00002899 bit outdated slide
8kB4BFGtvjI-00007-00002900-00003433 and the topic of today lecture
8kB4BFGtvjI-00008-00003434-00003769 uh will be
8kB4BFGtvjI-00009-00003770-00004225 derivatives of multivariate functions
8kB4BFGtvjI-00010-00004226-00004756 so uh we we have interacted interacting
8kB4BFGtvjI-00011-00004757-00004967 uh flipped classroom
8kB4BFGtvjI-00012-00004968-00005267 and what usually happens in the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00013-00005268-00005645 beginning of of the class I I give a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00014-00005646-00005938 short quiz to students
8kB4BFGtvjI-00015-00005939-00006286 but because uh different reasons I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00016-00006287-00006623 decided at this particular lecture we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00017-00006623-00007042 will start without quiz so I I will uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00018-00007043-00007325 present you very briefly some initial
8kB4BFGtvjI-00019-00007326-00007560 idea of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00020-00007561-00007805 derivatives of multi-dimensional
8kB4BFGtvjI-00021-00007806-00008117 functions and then the rather fast we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00022-00008118-00008645 will move to uh examples
8kB4BFGtvjI-00023-00008646-00008777 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00024-00008778-00009124 and I I assume that you watched the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00025-00009125-00009503 lecture at home this is our main working
8kB4BFGtvjI-00026-00009504-00009659 point
8kB4BFGtvjI-00027-00009660-00009851 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00028-00009852-00010219 Okay and like we thought we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00029-00010220-00010619 we approach the definition of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00030-00010620-00011027 derivatives by a differential and as the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00031-00011028-00011464 differential we defined is uh like in
8kB4BFGtvjI-00032-00011465-00011753 old fashioned like in 19th century or
8kB4BFGtvjI-00033-00011754-00012119 like he physicists like to define the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00034-00012120-00012503 financial if if I have a function for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00035-00012504-00012724 example here is one very function of one
8kB4BFGtvjI-00036-00012725-00013265 variable then I give some increment to X
8kB4BFGtvjI-00037-00013266-00013619 and I called D DX and then I have
8kB4BFGtvjI-00038-00013619-00013901 increment to function which I called
8kB4BFGtvjI-00039-00013902-00014441 Delta F but I can also have a linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-00040-00014441-00014705 approximation of my function around X
8kB4BFGtvjI-00041-00014706-00015143 naught uh like tangent line and the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00042-00015144-00015461 increment of this tangent line I call
8kB4BFGtvjI-00043-00015462-00015661 this increment I call
8kB4BFGtvjI-00044-00015662-00016086 differential and the main relations
8kB4BFGtvjI-00045-00016087-00016444 differential function is the derivative
8kB4BFGtvjI-00046-00016445-00016967 of the function multiplied by D by D DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00047-00016968-00017555 and now I uh I I I I will extend it a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00048-00017556-00017807 little bit what you saw in the lecture
8kB4BFGtvjI-00049-00017808-00018065 to to get more simple understanding of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00050-00018066-00018161 things
8kB4BFGtvjI-00051-00018162-00018641 so again I have the the same plot
8kB4BFGtvjI-00052-00018642-00019080 and I will Define this linear function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00053-00019081-00019499 this tangent line as L of x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00054-00019500-00019841 and this is General expression of linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-00055-00019842-00020164 function which is written here b b plus
8kB4BFGtvjI-00056-00020165-00020614 c x minus X naught
8kB4BFGtvjI-00057-00020615-00021136 and of course when X is equal to X
8kB4BFGtvjI-00058-00021137-00021517 naught the this expression is just d
8kB4BFGtvjI-00059-00021518-00021880 and you know derivative of linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-00060-00021881-00021997 function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00061-00021998-00022469 uh is IF function is C axis derivative
8kB4BFGtvjI-00062-00022470-00022822 is C and the the main assumption that we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00063-00022823-00022900 use
8kB4BFGtvjI-00064-00022901-00023207 if two functions touch is each other
8kB4BFGtvjI-00065-00023208-00023549 they have the same derivative so my
8kB4BFGtvjI-00066-00023550-00023897 linear function L of X and my original
8kB4BFGtvjI-00067-00023898-00024283 function f have the same derivative at
8kB4BFGtvjI-00068-00024284-00024667 point x naught and this is C
8kB4BFGtvjI-00069-00024668-00025072 and so I can say that the differential
8kB4BFGtvjI-00070-00025073-00025511 of L is C multiplied by increment of x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00071-00025512-00025799 and that's why it's F Prime multiplied
8kB4BFGtvjI-00072-00025800-00025932 by
8kB4BFGtvjI-00073-00025933-00026062 [Music]
8kB4BFGtvjI-00074-00026063-00026405 also by increment of X yeah this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00075-00026406-00026777 everything is looks like tautology like
8kB4BFGtvjI-00076-00026777-00027143 where it's silver but it helps us to
8kB4BFGtvjI-00077-00027144-00027443 move to multi-dimensional case which I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00078-00027444-00027617 will do now
8kB4BFGtvjI-00079-00027618-00027983 so in multi-dimensional case yeah it's
8kB4BFGtvjI-00080-00027983-00028246 plot from the lecture as you have here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00081-00028247-00028505 example of two variables and we have
8kB4BFGtvjI-00082-00028506-00028877 surface and we have a linear function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00083-00028877-00029167 which is like tangent plane
8kB4BFGtvjI-00084-00029168-00029518 so and in multi-dimensional case a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00085-00029519-00029743 linear function is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00086-00029744-00030101 just a constant plus C transpose by
8kB4BFGtvjI-00087-00030102-00030418 increment of X this is most General
8kB4BFGtvjI-00088-00030419-00030718 expression for linear function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00089-00030719-00030929 and again we say that this linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-00090-00030930-00031090 function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00091-00031091-00031757 has value B and equal to f of x naught
8kB4BFGtvjI-00092-00031758-00032074 when X is X naught
8kB4BFGtvjI-00093-00032075-00032261 and the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00094-00032262-00032608 the expression of linear functions what
8kB4BFGtvjI-00095-00032610-00032909 is written here it's actually sum of CI
8kB4BFGtvjI-00096-00032910-00033101 multiplied by x i
8kB4BFGtvjI-00097-00033102-00033418 and of course partial derivative of my
8kB4BFGtvjI-00098-00033419-00033737 linear function with respect to X I just
8kB4BFGtvjI-00099-00033738-00034252 c c i and now in multi Dimension I have
8kB4BFGtvjI-00100-00034253-00034583 the same assumption if one function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00101-00034584-00034955 touches another then in every direction
8kB4BFGtvjI-00102-00034956-00035362 if I do cross-section of this plot in
8kB4BFGtvjI-00103-00035363-00035621 any direction I will see one dimensional
8kB4BFGtvjI-00104-00035622-00035729 function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00105-00035730-00035993 and this derivative will be a partial
8kB4BFGtvjI-00106-00035994-00036329 derivative so in this I conclude that
8kB4BFGtvjI-00107-00036330-00036593 partial derivative of my linear function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00108-00036594-00036839 is equal to partial derivative of the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00109-00036840-00037145 original function and this is right
8kB4BFGtvjI-00110-00037146-00037349 but the increment
8kB4BFGtvjI-00111-00037350-00037649 of linear function is very easy C
8kB4BFGtvjI-00112-00037650-00037937 transpose multiplied by increment of x c
8kB4BFGtvjI-00113-00037938-00038261 transpose D DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00114-00038262-00038687 and I also told already that my Vector C
8kB4BFGtvjI-00115-00038688-00039107 is the column of this derivatives
8kB4BFGtvjI-00116-00039108-00039418 and the C transpose X is like this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00117-00039419-00039761 Vector column multiplied by DX and this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00118-00039762-00040199 is uh what we had in the lecture uh we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00119-00040200-00040451 called so-called external definition of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00120-00040452-00040595 gradient
8kB4BFGtvjI-00121-00040596-00040918 so a differential of L which is the same
8kB4BFGtvjI-00122-00040919-00041117 as differential f
8kB4BFGtvjI-00123-00041118-00041561 is just a gradient transpose multiplied
8kB4BFGtvjI-00124-00041562-00041890 by DX where gradient is this Vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-00125-00041891-00042089 partial derivative
8kB4BFGtvjI-00126-00042090-00042287 and now maybe
8kB4BFGtvjI-00127-00042288-00042652 I will switch to full View
8kB4BFGtvjI-00128-00042653-00043018 and ask this is good point to discuss
8kB4BFGtvjI-00129-00043019-00043283 because this view may be a little bit
8kB4BFGtvjI-00130-00043284-00043487 new for you
8kB4BFGtvjI-00131-00043488-00043817 and if you have any question any
8kB4BFGtvjI-00132-00043818-00043939 comments
8kB4BFGtvjI-00133-00043940-00044602 uh they are very welcome at this point
8kB4BFGtvjI-00134-00044603-00044833 and I have one
8kB4BFGtvjI-00135-00044834-00045174 in fact what is the considerations
8kB4BFGtvjI-00136-00045175-00045449 with using the differential technique
8kB4BFGtvjI-00137-00045450-00045767 the the differential technique versus
8kB4BFGtvjI-00138-00045768-00046049 the taking the derivative like in the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00139-00046050-00046195 vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-00140-00046196-00046571 form of partial derivative
8kB4BFGtvjI-00141-00046572-00046858 you don't see you you will see
8kB4BFGtvjI-00142-00046859-00047135 immediately in examples uh which I will
8kB4BFGtvjI-00143-00047136-00047329 show
8kB4BFGtvjI-00144-00047330-00047771 then when you work with Matrix Vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-00145-00047772-00047921 expressions
8kB4BFGtvjI-00146-00047922-00048407 it's much easier it's much easier to to
8kB4BFGtvjI-00147-00048408-00048671 show to get differential of linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-00148-00048672-00048935 approximation then go directly to
8kB4BFGtvjI-00149-00048936-00049199 partial derivatives and this exactly
8kB4BFGtvjI-00150-00049200-00049601 what we will do today in in the class
8kB4BFGtvjI-00151-00049602-00049979 okay it further risking is there cases
8kB4BFGtvjI-00152-00049980-00050267 that the other cases where it doesn't
8kB4BFGtvjI-00153-00050268-00050440 work
8kB4BFGtvjI-00154-00050441-00050579 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00155-00050580-00050957 let's go to examples and then get back
8kB4BFGtvjI-00156-00050958-00051244 to your question okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00157-00051245-00051425 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00158-00051426-00051604 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00159-00051605-00052014 let me see what else I have
8kB4BFGtvjI-00160-00052015-00052354 yeah I think yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00161-00052355-00052961 I think I already
8kB4BFGtvjI-00162-00052962-00053554 to go to the oops push it a little bit
8kB4BFGtvjI-00163-00053555-00053963 to go to the examples
8kB4BFGtvjI-00164-00053964-00054130 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00165-00054132-00054526 so here is he is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00166-00054527-00054929 how can I move it okay here's uh our
8kB4BFGtvjI-00167-00054929-00055163 first example
8kB4BFGtvjI-00168-00055164-00055463 I I have a x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00169-00055464-00055715 n dimensional vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-00170-00055716-00056353 and I have a matrix a which maps from
8kB4BFGtvjI-00171-00056354-00056759 M by n Matrix a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00172-00056760-00057226 uh and I have a function scalar function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00173-00057227-00057509 of M variables which I called h
8kB4BFGtvjI-00174-00057510-00058032 and here is the expression of f of x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00175-00058033-00058315 all you know chain rule for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00176-00058316-00058649 one-dimensional case it's a very trivial
8kB4BFGtvjI-00177-00058650-00059107 but we will see that to write gradient
8kB4BFGtvjI-00178-00059108-00059507 adhesion in our case we'll have some
8kB4BFGtvjI-00179-00059508-00059800 delicate points which we will get with
8kB4BFGtvjI-00180-00059801-00060011 the help of differential
8kB4BFGtvjI-00181-00060012-00060461 so uh we will start working in the class
8kB4BFGtvjI-00182-00060462-00060550 now
8kB4BFGtvjI-00183-00060551-00060853 and my first question
8kB4BFGtvjI-00184-00060854-00061373 is uh to develop a gradient of f of x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00185-00061374-00061769 with respect to X and because you start
8kB4BFGtvjI-00186-00061770-00062176 this stuff this time I will I will
8kB4BFGtvjI-00187-00062177-00062465 immediately start with some hints and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00188-00062466-00062800 then we'll let you go and develop the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00189-00062801-00062932 things
8kB4BFGtvjI-00190-00062933-00063263 uh let's see what's on my of course my
8kB4BFGtvjI-00191-00063264-00063359 work
8kB4BFGtvjI-00192-00063360-00063607 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00193-00063608-00064091 here's the the way I I want to go
8kB4BFGtvjI-00194-00064091-00064499 I you know this variable
8kB4BFGtvjI-00195-00064500-00064973 ax has auxiliary variable U
8kB4BFGtvjI-00196-00064974-00065099 and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00197-00065100-00065494 if I know du if I know differential of U
8kB4BFGtvjI-00198-00065495-00065825 I can know differential of H because
8kB4BFGtvjI-00199-00065826-00066281 it's gradient transpose yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00200-00066282-00066588 which we already had in the lecture
8kB4BFGtvjI-00201-00066589-00067000 differential of f f and H is the same in
8kB4BFGtvjI-00202-00067001-00067355 this case differential of f is a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00203-00067356-00067691 gradient of ah with respect to U yeah I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00204-00067692-00067906 skip here argument U
8kB4BFGtvjI-00205-00067907-00068413 it's just the function itself age
8kB4BFGtvjI-00206-00068414-00068944 transpose is color product with du and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00207-00068945-00069115 the The Thing
8kB4BFGtvjI-00208-00069116-00069425 Remains to understand that
8kB4BFGtvjI-00209-00069426-00069826 if if U is ax it's linear it's not
8kB4BFGtvjI-00210-00069827-00070211 function it's mapping but still for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00211-00070212-00070487 linear functions and linear mappings
8kB4BFGtvjI-00212-00070488-00070906 if I have a u is ax
8kB4BFGtvjI-00213-00070907-00071303 then U is a multiplied by DX we will
8kB4BFGtvjI-00214-00071304-00071641 show it later if you are in interest
8kB4BFGtvjI-00215-00071642-00071950 actually I did it I did it for you here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00216-00071951-00072173 you see
8kB4BFGtvjI-00217-00072174-00072521 what is differential review it's uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00218-00072522-00072791 increment of this linear function linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-00219-00072792-00073103 map in this case it's a multiplied by X
8kB4BFGtvjI-00220-00073104-00073469 plus d x minus ax and ax cancels and we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00221-00073470-00073667 leave this adx
8kB4BFGtvjI-00222-00073668-00073853 Bucky
8kB4BFGtvjI-00223-00073854-00074050 so now
8kB4BFGtvjI-00224-00074051-00074394 we have expression for GU
8kB4BFGtvjI-00225-00074395-00074806 and assume we know expression for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00226-00074807-00075191 gradient and what reminds us to
8kB4BFGtvjI-00227-00075192-00075409 substitute
8kB4BFGtvjI-00228-00075410-00075581 du
8kB4BFGtvjI-00229-00075582-00075971 H into here because what what is our
8kB4BFGtvjI-00230-00075972-00076241 goal our goal is to get linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-00231-00076242-00076655 expression where DX is its inner product
8kB4BFGtvjI-00232-00076656-00076931 of something with DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00233-00076932-00077212 if we succeed to get this expression
8kB4BFGtvjI-00234-00077213-00077459 that immediately we will conclude that
8kB4BFGtvjI-00235-00077460-00077825 this something is gradient transpose
8kB4BFGtvjI-00236-00077826-00077965 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00237-00077966-00078443 so I leave you to try to accomplish we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00238-00078444-00078905 are almost done and if you did so what
8kB4BFGtvjI-00239-00078906-00079138 we usually do in our class we show
8kB4BFGtvjI-00240-00079139-00079450 Solutions and this year we have
8kB4BFGtvjI-00241-00079451-00079615 incentive
8kB4BFGtvjI-00242-00079616-00079943 every student who shows solution to
8kB4BFGtvjI-00243-00079944-00080435 others uh get these zero three points to
8kB4BFGtvjI-00244-00080436-00080759 his final grade bronze
8kB4BFGtvjI-00245-00080760-00081106 okay you can still start working or
8kB4BFGtvjI-00246-00081107-00081382 anything for what
8kB4BFGtvjI-00247-00081383-00081605 if your
8kB4BFGtvjI-00248-00081606-00081856 solve the problem in the class we will
8kB4BFGtvjI-00249-00081857-00082132 have many problems
8kB4BFGtvjI-00250-00082133-00082300 and then
8kB4BFGtvjI-00251-00082301-00082588 I I give you a possibility of screen
8kB4BFGtvjI-00252-00082589-00083165 share and you show us your solution
8kB4BFGtvjI-00253-00083166-00083381 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00254-00083382-00083687 you can start working or if you have any
8kB4BFGtvjI-00255-00083688-00084037 questions any comments
8kB4BFGtvjI-00256-00084038-00084365 for this first question usually things
8kB4BFGtvjI-00257-00084366-00084509 are already
8kB4BFGtvjI-00258-00084510-00084832 trivial or completely people lose
8kB4BFGtvjI-00259-00084833-00084941 themselves
8kB4BFGtvjI-00260-00084942-00085273 but we will gradually gradually Advance
8kB4BFGtvjI-00261-00085274-00085637 my question is what
8kB4BFGtvjI-00262-00085638-00085937 what is the problem here it seems with
8kB4BFGtvjI-00263-00085938-00086344 like so if you're almost solved I invite
8kB4BFGtvjI-00264-00086345-00086747 you to write down and show us that it is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00265-00086748-00087094 correct expression for gradient our goal
8kB4BFGtvjI-00266-00087095-00087443 is to get gradient of f of x with
8kB4BFGtvjI-00267-00087444-00087719 respect to X we didn't write it down but
8kB4BFGtvjI-00268-00087720-00088003 we are almost done
8kB4BFGtvjI-00269-00088004-00088300 and I showed the answer
8kB4BFGtvjI-00270-00088301-00088738 uh you you you can raise your hand and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00271-00088739-00089044 we know that the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00272-00089045-00089335 house
8kB4BFGtvjI-00273-00089336-00089776 real how do you pronounce okay and we we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00274-00089777-00090232 will wait for a couple more hands and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00275-00090233-00090347 then
8kB4BFGtvjI-00276-00090348-00090682 real was first we will give him priority
8kB4BFGtvjI-00277-00090683-00091794 to show solution
8kB4BFGtvjI-00278-00091795-00092026 let's wait for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00279-00092027-00092338 one or two more minutes left
8kB4BFGtvjI-00280-00092339-00092999 let Eden and dar and Norm
8kB4BFGtvjI-00281-00093000-00093131 will try
8kB4BFGtvjI-00282-00093132-00093461 or to ask questions if you find it
8kB4BFGtvjI-00283-00093462-00093821 unclear oh really let's just be quiet
8kB4BFGtvjI-00284-00093822-00093917 for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00286-00098304-00098461 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00287-00098462-00098843 Briel I I have a question what is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00288-00098844-00099125 convenient what is convenient to you to
8kB4BFGtvjI-00289-00099126-00099359 share your screen or you want to write
8kB4BFGtvjI-00290-00099360-00099724 with if you have a pen just on our slide
8kB4BFGtvjI-00291-00099725-00100144 but I I can let you show
8kB4BFGtvjI-00292-00100145-00100438 I I give you uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00293-00100439-00100667 you you can try to share your screen
8kB4BFGtvjI-00294-00100668-00100949 maybe immediately it will stop my screen
8kB4BFGtvjI-00295-00100950-00101267 sharing like you know I I will stop my
8kB4BFGtvjI-00296-00101268-00101453 screen sure
8kB4BFGtvjI-00297-00101454-00102568 and please will show us his screen
8kB4BFGtvjI-00298-00102569-00102892 recording okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00299-00102893-00103206 okay so uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00300-00103207-00103732 we got a DF or DF to DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00301-00103733-00104236 is a DF that is a gradient of age
8kB4BFGtvjI-00302-00104238-00104503 transpose du
8kB4BFGtvjI-00303-00104504-00104965 is adx with idx
8kB4BFGtvjI-00304-00104966-00105401 under DX so it's totally
8kB4BFGtvjI-00305-00105402-00105790 is H transpose a a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00306-00105791-00106204 yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00307-00106205-00106615 and you you see yeah
8kB4BFGtvjI-00308-00106616-00107051 you try to act as a we would act in a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00309-00107052-00107254 scalar case yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00310-00107255-00107704 but what do you do you divide by DX and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00311-00107705-00108040 remember then DX is a vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-00312-00108041-00108304 so we don't have so
8kB4BFGtvjI-00313-00108305-00108551 right to divide by a vector it's not
8kB4BFGtvjI-00314-00108552-00108947 very defined for operation if I if I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00315-00108948-00109258 have a somewhere Vector what do you mean
8kB4BFGtvjI-00316-00109259-00109781 to divide it by a vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-00317-00109782-00109960 um
8kB4BFGtvjI-00318-00109961-00110215 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00319-00110216-00110615 okay let's let's talk your screen share
8kB4BFGtvjI-00320-00110616-00111058 at this point and see whether there are
8kB4BFGtvjI-00321-00111059-00111347 more attempts and then I will I will
8kB4BFGtvjI-00322-00111348-00111551 help you if
8kB4BFGtvjI-00323-00111552-00111766 it will not go
8kB4BFGtvjI-00324-00111767-00112007 let me
8kB4BFGtvjI-00325-00112008-00112366 to checkboard is a I can try
8kB4BFGtvjI-00326-00112367-00112625 okay please
8kB4BFGtvjI-00327-00112626-00112858 our lessons become interactive this was
8kB4BFGtvjI-00328-00112859-00113597 our my goal because I I lost it okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00329-00113598-00114125 right and Okay so
8kB4BFGtvjI-00330-00114126-00114593 it's connected
8kB4BFGtvjI-00331-00114594-00114658 um
8kB4BFGtvjI-00332-00114659-00115134 so first uh we look at the the Earth yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00333-00115135-00115528 which is the gradient of H transpose a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00334-00115529-00115847 DX yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00335-00115848-00116134 and then a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00336-00116135-00116357 we try to estimate the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00337-00116358-00116686 just to calculate the gradient of f yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00338-00116688-00116789 which is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00339-00116790-00117107 oh I forgot to transpose
8kB4BFGtvjI-00340-00117108-00117557 which is a got into which transpose
8kB4BFGtvjI-00341-00117558-00117899 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00342-00117900-00118171 uh I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00343-00118172-00118390 let me try
8kB4BFGtvjI-00344-00118391-00118673 I want to learn Zoom
8kB4BFGtvjI-00345-00118674-00119134 let me pause my Eric will resume uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00346-00119135-00119404 recording so this is very important line
8kB4BFGtvjI-00347-00119405-00119689 that you added now it's very important
8kB4BFGtvjI-00348-00119690-00120047 uh can you can you repeat it for or I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00349-00120048-00120436 will repeat it for the record the second
8kB4BFGtvjI-00350-00120438-00120940 line DF is a number F transpose DX it's
8kB4BFGtvjI-00351-00120941-00121366 inner product of gradient with DX and in
8kB4BFGtvjI-00352-00121367-00121636 the questline we see that it's some
8kB4BFGtvjI-00353-00121638-00122158 Vector transpose multiplied by D DX yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00354-00122159-00122663 so yes so I I would conclude that what I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00355-00122664-00123040 see in the first line before D DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00356-00123041-00123443 I I need to learn how to annotate when
8kB4BFGtvjI-00357-00123444-00123766 my when I am not uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00358-00123767-00123983 how do I annotate
8kB4BFGtvjI-00359-00123983-00124534 just assume okay so uh I have this we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00360-00124535-00124816 have this expression yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00361-00124817-00125260 uh and we we have another expression
8kB4BFGtvjI-00362-00125261-00125484 that uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00363-00125485-00125836 differential of f is gradient transpose
8kB4BFGtvjI-00364-00125838-00126107 multiplied by DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00365-00126108-00126352 is in this I would conclude that
8kB4BFGtvjI-00366-00126353-00126671 gradient transpose is written here I I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00367-00126672-00127066 would I will try with my pen I I would
8kB4BFGtvjI-00368-00127067-00127423 conclude that nabla if
8kB4BFGtvjI-00369-00127424-00127865 transpose is written here in the phrase
8kB4BFGtvjI-00370-00127866-00128251 w h transpose yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00371-00128252-00128710 uh transpose multiplied by a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00372-00128711-00128993 but I want a gradient I don't want
8kB4BFGtvjI-00373-00128994-00129257 grading transpose so what would be
8kB4BFGtvjI-00374-00129258-00129490 number if
8kB4BFGtvjI-00375-00129491-00129869 tell me please
8kB4BFGtvjI-00376-00129870-00130090 the transpose of the matrix
8kB4BFGtvjI-00377-00130091-00130228 multiplication
8kB4BFGtvjI-00378-00130229-00130631 yes so I I assume that it would be a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00379-00130632-00131087 transpose yes multiplied by number H
8kB4BFGtvjI-00380-00131088-00131393 uh sorry oh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00381-00131394-00131716 yeah and this is a right answer
8kB4BFGtvjI-00382-00131717-00132257 so together we got to solution
8kB4BFGtvjI-00383-00132258-00132475 okay and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00384-00132476-00132875 yoga for bravery will get a partial
8kB4BFGtvjI-00385-00132876-00133264 board Oh I thought yeah thank you very
8kB4BFGtvjI-00386-00133265-00133475 much no no it's very important you know
8kB4BFGtvjI-00387-00133476-00133871 that so I I should clear yes clear all
8kB4BFGtvjI-00388-00133872-00133978 drawings
8kB4BFGtvjI-00389-00133979-00134375 uh I have a question yeah oh okay yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00390-00134376-00134699 good uh I I get what he was doing but
8kB4BFGtvjI-00391-00134700-00135077 wouldn't this also uh require dividing
8kB4BFGtvjI-00392-00135078-00135311 by DX even though you've divided from
8kB4BFGtvjI-00393-00135312-00135689 both sides uh let me return do I have
8kB4BFGtvjI-00394-00135690-00135995 still I'm I'm okay I don't
8kB4BFGtvjI-00395-00135996-00136390 divide by anything I just compare those
8kB4BFGtvjI-00396-00136391-00136559 two expressions
8kB4BFGtvjI-00397-00136560-00136835 wow yes but they have DX on both sides
8kB4BFGtvjI-00398-00136836-00137125 so just second just second I need to
8kB4BFGtvjI-00399-00137126-00137663 annotate you
8kB4BFGtvjI-00400-00137664-00138023 and and and another thing
8kB4BFGtvjI-00401-00138024-00138443 I see that I have expression this some
8kB4BFGtvjI-00402-00138444-00138839 Vector transpose multiplied by g d x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00403-00138840-00139169 and the same GF is another Vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-00404-00139170-00139457 transpose multiplied by G DX it's it's
8kB4BFGtvjI-00405-00139458-00139733 very important important question you
8kB4BFGtvjI-00406-00139734-00139966 you you're asking
8kB4BFGtvjI-00407-00139967-00140381 so those two results are the same for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00408-00140382-00140602 any DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00409-00140603-00140899 for any D DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00410-00140900-00141263 inner product of this Vector with DX is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00411-00141264-00141419 the same as the inner product of this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00412-00141420-00141587 Vector with DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00413-00141588-00141928 if I have such conditions and I conclude
8kB4BFGtvjI-00414-00141929-00142223 that those two vectors are the same I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00415-00142224-00142481 don't need to divide
8kB4BFGtvjI-00416-00142482-00142781 okay I think I got around division
8kB4BFGtvjI-00417-00142782-00143039 because divide by vectors we we don't
8kB4BFGtvjI-00418-00143040-00143351 Define such operation in linear algebra
8kB4BFGtvjI-00419-00143352-00143645 in uh Matlab you have element wise
8kB4BFGtvjI-00420-00143646-00143939 division but it's it will not work here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00421-00143940-00144197 it will not help you okay I think I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00422-00144198-00144419 think I understand thank you yeah thank
8kB4BFGtvjI-00423-00144420-00144701 you and thank you for mistakes and for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00424-00144702-00144935 comments because this is the best for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00425-00144936-00145333 listeners to get in in into this topic
8kB4BFGtvjI-00426-00145334-00145714 okay uh thank you your yeah I think you
8kB4BFGtvjI-00427-00145715-00145999 can stop you share okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00428-00146000-00146411 and then I will get back
8kB4BFGtvjI-00429-00146412-00147028 to my screen share
8kB4BFGtvjI-00430-00147029-00147478 just just clean
8kB4BFGtvjI-00431-00147479-00147731 yeah
8kB4BFGtvjI-00432-00147732-00147935 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00433-00147936-00148216 and for convenience
8kB4BFGtvjI-00434-00148217-00148757 is my recording one by the way usually
8kB4BFGtvjI-00435-00148758-00149189 yes it's it's worth it and what I often
8kB4BFGtvjI-00436-00149190-00149602 do my homework I just summarized hear
8kB4BFGtvjI-00437-00149603-00150095 what she did yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00438-00150096-00150581 okay now we have expression for gradient
8kB4BFGtvjI-00439-00150582-00151007 and we need to move further and try to
8kB4BFGtvjI-00440-00151008-00151283 get expression for Haitian
8kB4BFGtvjI-00441-00151284-00151428 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00442-00151429-00151835 so and it's convenient for me to denote
8kB4BFGtvjI-00443-00151836-00152314 gradient as g g of X instead of writing
8kB4BFGtvjI-00444-00152315-00152557 nabulous because we will have
8kB4BFGtvjI-00445-00152558-00152969 differential of G I don't want to write
8kB4BFGtvjI-00446-00152970-00153328 V number something
8kB4BFGtvjI-00447-00153329-00153640 okay I have this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00448-00153641-00153916 function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00449-00153917-00154343 and this is gradient
8kB4BFGtvjI-00450-00154344-00154726 and what I know
8kB4BFGtvjI-00451-00154727-00154961 from definition of gradient from the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00452-00154962-00155111 lecture
8kB4BFGtvjI-00453-00155112-00155375 that
8kB4BFGtvjI-00454-00155376-00155526 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00455-00155527-00155885 the differential of gradient is Haitian
8kB4BFGtvjI-00456-00155886-00156251 multiplied by differential or carbon
8kB4BFGtvjI-00457-00156252-00156628 so I need to develop differential of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00458-00156629-00156895 this expression
8kB4BFGtvjI-00459-00156896-00157240 how do I develop differential this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00460-00157241-00157602 expression this is linear so if I have
8kB4BFGtvjI-00461-00157603-00157883 differential of number H
8kB4BFGtvjI-00462-00157884-00158140 the remaining is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00463-00158141-00158323 trivial
8kB4BFGtvjI-00464-00158324-00158813 uh let me see whether I wrote something
8kB4BFGtvjI-00465-00158814-00159107 some
8kB4BFGtvjI-00466-00159108-00159676 yes I wrote you some important reminder
8kB4BFGtvjI-00467-00159677-00160175 so uh again we consider H is function of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00468-00160176-00160528 argument U we don't think about ax Mean
8kB4BFGtvjI-00469-00160529-00160678 Time
8kB4BFGtvjI-00470-00160679-00161333 uh what is differential of uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00471-00161334-00161669 its gradient it's Hessian of H
8kB4BFGtvjI-00472-00161670-00161987 multiplied by d u
8kB4BFGtvjI-00473-00161988-00162281 but we already know that U is a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00474-00162282-00162607 multiplied by DX again we can substitute
8kB4BFGtvjI-00475-00162608-00162959 and get the final expression
8kB4BFGtvjI-00476-00162960-00163211 so if you have any questions any
8kB4BFGtvjI-00477-00163212-00163559 comments you're welcome or otherwise
8kB4BFGtvjI-00478-00163560-00163871 you can start working
8kB4BFGtvjI-00479-00163872-00164371 and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00480-00164372-00164651 okay again just to be clear what are we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00481-00164652-00164928 looking for this time the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00482-00164929-00165413 week we are looking for Hessian of f
8kB4BFGtvjI-00483-00165414-00165731 where f is this expression and then we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00484-00165732-00166007 assume that we we know occasion of age
8kB4BFGtvjI-00485-00166008-00166433 if H is a function of some variable U we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00486-00166434-00166745 assume that we know the equation of H of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00488-00170755-00171281 okay it seems that tomorrow was the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00489-00171282-00171575 first and then there was somebody who
8kB4BFGtvjI-00490-00171576-00171852 decided and then undecided
8kB4BFGtvjI-00491-00171853-00172259 uh would you like to show US dollar yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00492-00172260-00172543 I can try it if I'm correct I'm not sure
8kB4BFGtvjI-00493-00172544-00172943 okay it's good to try it's even better
8kB4BFGtvjI-00494-00172944-00173159 to try
8kB4BFGtvjI-00495-00173160-00173537 to be sure to be correct in this case
8kB4BFGtvjI-00496-00173538-00173737 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00497-00173738-00174061 and second
8kB4BFGtvjI-00498-00174062-00174616 so this uh was even and next line I took
8kB4BFGtvjI-00499-00174617-00174923 this and they put in the the instead of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00500-00174924-00175054 the deal
8kB4BFGtvjI-00501-00175055-00175411 and so we got the adventure of a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00502-00175412-00175721 knoblage uh it's it's good if you're
8kB4BFGtvjI-00503-00175722-00176088 saying equations with the words so so
8kB4BFGtvjI-00504-00176089-00176311 the differential
8kB4BFGtvjI-00505-00176312-00176725 w h is creation of H
8kB4BFGtvjI-00506-00176726-00177257 multiplied by a DX yes okay yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00507-00177258-00177628 then we got uh I did a differential on
8kB4BFGtvjI-00508-00177629-00177940 the first equation so that the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00509-00177941-00178240 differential of G is a a transpose
8kB4BFGtvjI-00510-00178241-00178504 because it's a constant so I just leave
8kB4BFGtvjI-00511-00178505-00178961 it and differently
8kB4BFGtvjI-00512-00178962-00179399 and then I took this expression and put
8kB4BFGtvjI-00513-00179400-00179531 it there
8kB4BFGtvjI-00514-00179532-00179843 and I got the difference of G the a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00515-00179844-00180121 transpose the Asian of age
8kB4BFGtvjI-00516-00180122-00180371 a the X
8kB4BFGtvjI-00517-00180372-00180713 and then we know that this might be the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00518-00180714-00180947 Asian that we're looking for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00519-00180948-00181201 yes because we know General expression
8kB4BFGtvjI-00520-00181202-00181528 the differential of gradient is fashion
8kB4BFGtvjI-00521-00181529-00181933 multiplied by DX yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00522-00181934-00182381 comparing it's uh it would be healthy if
8kB4BFGtvjI-00523-00182382-00182849 somebody would would write here or I may
8kB4BFGtvjI-00524-00182850-00183025 write to you
8kB4BFGtvjI-00525-00183026-00183402 new options
8kB4BFGtvjI-00526-00183403-00183569 annotate
8kB4BFGtvjI-00527-00183570-00184001 so we need to write
8kB4BFGtvjI-00528-00184002-00184426 here General Expressions that GG
8kB4BFGtvjI-00529-00184427-00184931 is uh H multiplied by DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00530-00184932-00185075 yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00531-00185076-00185513 so we compare those two
8kB4BFGtvjI-00532-00185514-00185699 and conclude
8kB4BFGtvjI-00533-00185700-00186095 that our Hessian is here and now you see
8kB4BFGtvjI-00534-00186096-00186481 the strength of this approach yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00535-00186482-00186685 she here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00536-00186686-00187049 like in scholar case here is no analogy
8kB4BFGtvjI-00537-00187050-00187343 with scholar case to understand that on
8kB4BFGtvjI-00538-00187344-00187619 the left you should have a transport and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00539-00187620-00187811 on the right you have a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00540-00187812-00188123 scholar case will give you no hint on on
8kB4BFGtvjI-00541-00188124-00188302 this solution
8kB4BFGtvjI-00542-00188303-00188597 okay uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00543-00188598-00189004 uh thank you very much any any question
8kB4BFGtvjI-00544-00189005-00189352 any uh no no no keep keep it on the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00545-00189353-00189454 screen for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00546-00189455-00189773 for a few seconds because any question
8kB4BFGtvjI-00547-00189774-00190066 any comment on the side of other
8kB4BFGtvjI-00548-00190067-00191075 participants
8kB4BFGtvjI-00549-00191076-00191345 you have your your our active
8kB4BFGtvjI-00550-00191346-00191543 participant good what you would say
8kB4BFGtvjI-00551-00191544-00191704 about this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00552-00191705-00191935 Apple
8kB4BFGtvjI-00553-00191936-00192259 it's clear enough yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00554-00192260-00192421 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00555-00192422-00192701 thank you very very much
8kB4BFGtvjI-00556-00192702-00193073 you can still stop your share
8kB4BFGtvjI-00557-00193074-00193331 and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00558-00193332-00193864 you know I I will uh it's I I think it's
8kB4BFGtvjI-00559-00193865-00194249 a good time to make a 10-10 minute break
8kB4BFGtvjI-00560-00194250-00194501 it's not good to start something for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00561-00194502-00194663 very few minutes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00562-00194664-00194993 okay so in uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00563-00194994-00195538 five uh 24 we are back
8kB4BFGtvjI-00564-00195539-00195707 drink
8kB4BFGtvjI-00565-00195708-00196061 we resume recording after the break and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00566-00196062-00196204 now
8kB4BFGtvjI-00567-00196205-00196675 again which screen
8kB4BFGtvjI-00568-00196676-00197033 and this is what we had
8kB4BFGtvjI-00569-00197034-00197297 I did my homework
8kB4BFGtvjI-00570-00197298-00197566 and this was the Hessian of this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00571-00197567-00197831 expression h of axis
8kB4BFGtvjI-00572-00197832-00198245 and now next example
8kB4BFGtvjI-00573-00198246-00198557 next example
8kB4BFGtvjI-00574-00198558-00198983 I have a such a chain function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00575-00198984-00199259 which is color chain rule you know of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00576-00199260-00199666 course but in a multivariable created
8kB4BFGtvjI-00577-00199667-00200014 his Mill may have some delicate points
8kB4BFGtvjI-00578-00200015-00200249 so I have a function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00579-00200250-00200554 scalar function of vector variable H
8kB4BFGtvjI-00580-00200555-00200819 from RN to R
8kB4BFGtvjI-00581-00200820-00201190 and scalar function of scalar variable v
8kB4BFGtvjI-00582-00201191-00201364 r to R
8kB4BFGtvjI-00583-00201365-00201683 and I have this chain function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00584-00201684-00202102 yes the P of H of x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00585-00202103-00202373 and of course we will start with
8kB4BFGtvjI-00586-00202374-00202673 gradient and then we will move to here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00587-00202674-00202859 oops
8kB4BFGtvjI-00588-00202860-00203038 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00589-00203039-00203381 so your mission will be to develop
8kB4BFGtvjI-00590-00203382-00203666 gradient and I should
8kB4BFGtvjI-00591-00203667-00203837 [Music]
8kB4BFGtvjI-00592-00203838-00203950 wow
8kB4BFGtvjI-00593-00203951-00204304 what was wrote answered
8kB4BFGtvjI-00594-00204305-00204625 so again
8kB4BFGtvjI-00595-00204626-00205012 so we need to develop gradient of f with
8kB4BFGtvjI-00596-00205013-00205169 respect to X
8kB4BFGtvjI-00597-00205169-00205396 and of course we assume that gradient of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00598-00205398-00205679 H is self we know and guardian trophy
8kB4BFGtvjI-00599-00205680-00206044 it's it's of you know and again we
8kB4BFGtvjI-00600-00206046-00206405 denote as usually this inner part of as
8kB4BFGtvjI-00601-00206406-00206531 you
8kB4BFGtvjI-00602-00206532-00207238 and say the ggf is p Prime by U the U is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00603-00207239-00207586 so on so on now your
8kB4BFGtvjI-00604-00207587-00207994 you almost got used to it and just can
8kB4BFGtvjI-00605-00207996-00208384 start working or any any question any
8kB4BFGtvjI-00606-00208385-00208660 comment
8kB4BFGtvjI-00607-00208661-00210184 okay just start working
8kB4BFGtvjI-00608-00210185-00211127 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00609-00211128-00211282 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00610-00211283-00211421 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00611-00211421-00211996 we're showing a prel yes yes so okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00612-00211998-00212777 TF is a d of a p of U yes and from
8kB4BFGtvjI-00613-00212778-00213167 definition it's the Scala the product
8kB4BFGtvjI-00614-00213167-00213658 of the gradient of V with du
8kB4BFGtvjI-00615-00213659-00214115 and the DU is D of H of x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00616-00214116-00214384 if that from definition in this is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00617-00214385-00214848 current product of its gradient with DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00618-00214850-00215231 so this is Du
8kB4BFGtvjI-00619-00215232-00215627 and we got that DF
8kB4BFGtvjI-00620-00215628-00216131 is the equals uh the scalar product of d
8kB4BFGtvjI-00621-00216132-00216425 e d x with something so
8kB4BFGtvjI-00622-00216426-00216719 from sentence this something is the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00623-00216719-00216929 transpose of a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00624-00216930-00217979 the transpose of the gradient of f yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00625-00217980-00218315 okay so what is gradient of f
8kB4BFGtvjI-00626-00218316-00218477 is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00627-00218478-00218777 no it's it's transpose
8kB4BFGtvjI-00628-00218778-00219184 ah so the transport of it is the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00629-00219185-00220096 so what is gradient of f
8kB4BFGtvjI-00630-00220098-00220319 so let me try
8kB4BFGtvjI-00631-00220319-00220925 to participate
8kB4BFGtvjI-00632-00220926-00221375 uh because you did the transpose of this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00633-00221376-00221525 expression
8kB4BFGtvjI-00634-00221526-00221881 you actually did
8kB4BFGtvjI-00635-00221882-00222389 it right we only should remember that
8kB4BFGtvjI-00636-00222390-00222875 the fee fees is color and P Prime is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00637-00222876-00223081 also scalar yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00638-00223082-00223375 it can be here over here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00639-00223376-00223867 yes your your right
8kB4BFGtvjI-00640-00223867-00224279 uh actually the final answer is is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00641-00224280-00224501 correct it's completely
8kB4BFGtvjI-00642-00224502-00224887 correct
8kB4BFGtvjI-00643-00224888-00225142 lets us
8kB4BFGtvjI-00644-00225144-00225329 repeat the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00645-00225330-00225701 once more for clarity well you know I I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00646-00225702-00226115 will repeat it on my slide and thank you
8kB4BFGtvjI-00647-00226116-00226427 thank you or any any any question any
8kB4BFGtvjI-00648-00226428-00226648 comment of our other participants yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00649-00226650-00227146 just one small question uh yes is this a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00650-00227148-00227446 d what is this supposed to be
8kB4BFGtvjI-00651-00227448-00227963 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00652-00227964-00228184 DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00653-00228185-00228484 uh okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00654-00228485-00228844 okay thank you Priya you can stop your
8kB4BFGtvjI-00655-00228846-00228994 share
8kB4BFGtvjI-00656-00228996-00229306 and you can down also your put down your
8kB4BFGtvjI-00657-00229307-00229456 hands
8kB4BFGtvjI-00658-00229457-00229841 uh and let me
8kB4BFGtvjI-00659-00229842-00230110 share my screen
8kB4BFGtvjI-00660-00230111-00230519 and see what I have the same
8kB4BFGtvjI-00661-00230519-00231023 uh recorded here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00662-00231023-00231275 so
8kB4BFGtvjI-00663-00231276-00231437 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00664-00231438-00231934 pay attention that you
8kB4BFGtvjI-00665-00231935-00232289 you is a scholar here yes the external
8kB4BFGtvjI-00666-00232290-00232523 function is color function of color
8kB4BFGtvjI-00667-00232523-00232775 argument
8kB4BFGtvjI-00668-00232776-00233231 so DDF is just P Prime multiplied by du
8kB4BFGtvjI-00669-00233232-00233423 in this particular case we don't need
8kB4BFGtvjI-00670-00233423-00233746 inner product we just product of two
8kB4BFGtvjI-00671-00233748-00233927 Scholars
8kB4BFGtvjI-00672-00233928-00234252 and then
8kB4BFGtvjI-00673-00234253-00234389 [Music]
8kB4BFGtvjI-00674-00234390-00234779 we tell the DU it's a gradient of H
8kB4BFGtvjI-00675-00234780-00234994 multiplied by DX and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00676-00234996-00235408 get final expression that is good
8kB4BFGtvjI-00677-00235409-00235769 and now we will advance to a little bit
8kB4BFGtvjI-00678-00235769-00236023 more challenging
8kB4BFGtvjI-00679-00236023-00236191 part
8kB4BFGtvjI-00680-00236192-00236782 to develop location of of this of this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00681-00236783-00236884 function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00682-00236885-00237167 but with before we do it
8kB4BFGtvjI-00683-00237167-00237521 I want to get back to a very important
8kB4BFGtvjI-00684-00237521-00237815 part of the lecture
8kB4BFGtvjI-00685-00237816-00238144 which in previous years
8kB4BFGtvjI-00686-00238146-00238606 students asked me asked me to explain it
8kB4BFGtvjI-00687-00238607-00238901 once more in in more uh with more
8kB4BFGtvjI-00688-00238902-00239032 arguments
8kB4BFGtvjI-00689-00239033-00239298 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00690-00239300-00239663 just second and here where is the the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00691-00239664-00240023 slight the the slide is here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00692-00240023-00240173 yeah
8kB4BFGtvjI-00693-00240173-00240544 in in the lecture we we had an example
8kB4BFGtvjI-00694-00240546-00240929 if you remember if I have quadratic
8kB4BFGtvjI-00695-00240930-00241037 function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00696-00241038-00241444 uh X transpose ax
8kB4BFGtvjI-00697-00241446-00241684 what would be a gradient of this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00698-00241685-00241810 function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00699-00241811-00242153 and I told in the lecture
8kB4BFGtvjI-00700-00242154-00242423 how to develop
8kB4BFGtvjI-00701-00242423-00242603 differential
8kB4BFGtvjI-00702-00242604-00242932 if x come into some expression in
8kB4BFGtvjI-00703-00242933-00243106 several places
8kB4BFGtvjI-00704-00243107-00243587 and the statement is that you use X as a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00705-00243588-00243917 constant in all places except of one one
8kB4BFGtvjI-00706-00243917-00244258 place and then except of the other place
8kB4BFGtvjI-00707-00244259-00244691 and if you in many places so on and our
8kB4BFGtvjI-00708-00244692-00244882 ads results
8kB4BFGtvjI-00709-00244883-00245201 and this very important property of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00710-00245202-00245506 differential but it came in the lecture
8kB4BFGtvjI-00711-00245507-00245969 without uh without proof I would say
8kB4BFGtvjI-00712-00245969-00246329 and here is just yeah I wrote
8kB4BFGtvjI-00713-00246330-00246613 illustration for this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00714-00246614-00246958 uh I see assume that I have a function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00715-00246959-00247444 of two Vector variables u and v
8kB4BFGtvjI-00716-00247446-00247858 and uh want to develop gradient
8kB4BFGtvjI-00717-00247859-00248027 so
8kB4BFGtvjI-00718-00248028-00248291 for this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00719-00248292-00248584 how I develop gradient I build linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-00720-00248585-00248992 approximation of my function around some
8kB4BFGtvjI-00721-00248994-00249269 points where I am staying is I assume I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00722-00249269-00249658 am staying at Point with where U is U
8kB4BFGtvjI-00723-00249659-00249953 naught and B is B not
8kB4BFGtvjI-00724-00249954-00250153 around this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00725-00250154-00250415 around this point
8kB4BFGtvjI-00726-00250416-00250798 most General linear function we look in
8kB4BFGtvjI-00727-00250800-00250915 this way
8kB4BFGtvjI-00728-00250916-00251344 is just some function of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00729-00251346-00251806 some value at this point you're not
8kB4BFGtvjI-00730-00251807-00252005 believe you're not
8kB4BFGtvjI-00731-00252006-00252384 lose some a multiplied by increment of U
8kB4BFGtvjI-00732-00252385-00252773 by by a plus b transpose by increment of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00733-00252773-00253091 V I want to ask you whether this is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00734-00253092-00253423 clear because I I want to write this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00735-00253423-00253727 explanation in clear form for future
8kB4BFGtvjI-00736-00253728-00253960 generations of students
8kB4BFGtvjI-00737-00253961-00254225 whether what I wrote here is the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00738-00254226-00254644 understandable
8kB4BFGtvjI-00739-00254646-00255319 oh yeah huh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00740-00255319-00255569 it's clear for you yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00741-00255569-00255977 and uh no it's it's not
8kB4BFGtvjI-00742-00255978-00256127 no
8kB4BFGtvjI-00743-00256128-00256356 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00744-00256357-00256789 uh thank you very much for being honest
8kB4BFGtvjI-00745-00256790-00257105 it's very important in our lessons
8kB4BFGtvjI-00746-00257106-00257263 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00747-00257264-00257765 let me try to open it uh I just put
8kB4BFGtvjI-00748-00257766-00258094 annotation
8kB4BFGtvjI-00749-00258096-00258389 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00750-00258390-00258719 I made you know
8kB4BFGtvjI-00751-00258719-00259219 uh long Vector u and v as a long Vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-00752-00259219-00259475 say w
8kB4BFGtvjI-00753-00259476-00259613 yeah
8kB4BFGtvjI-00754-00259614-00260105 but for for example I have W is equal
8kB4BFGtvjI-00755-00260106-00260375 to such a long vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-00756-00260376-00260723 where I some part of it is components of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00757-00260723-00260927 vector U
8kB4BFGtvjI-00758-00260928-00261196 and some part of it are components of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00759-00261198-00261377 vector B
8kB4BFGtvjI-00760-00261378-00261646 it's like several coordinates here and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00761-00261648-00261942 several coordinates here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00762-00261944-00262217 and uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00763-00262218-00262679 I I I want to write down most most
8kB4BFGtvjI-00764-00262680-00263171 General function of w l of w
8kB4BFGtvjI-00765-00263172-00263393 it's actually not linear it's a fine
8kB4BFGtvjI-00766-00263394-00263801 function yes because it's have also some
8kB4BFGtvjI-00767-00263802-00264023 constant really
8kB4BFGtvjI-00768-00264024-00264575 so uh again I can write some constant f
8kB4BFGtvjI-00769-00264576-00264856 uh North Plus
8kB4BFGtvjI-00770-00264857-00265756 some a b c plus c transpose w
8kB4BFGtvjI-00771-00265757-00266015 do you agree that this is the most
8kB4BFGtvjI-00772-00266016-00266327 General way of writing the definition
8kB4BFGtvjI-00773-00266328-00266813 you just made up for no I I I ask I have
8kB4BFGtvjI-00774-00266814-00267215 a general linear function of a vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-00775-00267216-00267484 what is general linear function of a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00776-00267485-00268097 vector is some constant plus sum c i w i
8kB4BFGtvjI-00777-00268098-00268384 this is a expression of General linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-00778-00268385-00268667 function but what else K can be in
8kB4BFGtvjI-00779-00268668-00269032 linear function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00780-00269033-00269243 okay but see it doesn't have any
8kB4BFGtvjI-00781-00269244-00269545 connection to F no and if just just
8kB4BFGtvjI-00782-00269546-00269939 arbitrary just arbitrary yes I'm in the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00783-00269940-00270130 middle of my story
8kB4BFGtvjI-00784-00270131-00270401 and now
8kB4BFGtvjI-00785-00270402-00270982 yeah I can split my Vector C
8kB4BFGtvjI-00786-00270983-00271337 I can split my Vector wait let me write
8kB4BFGtvjI-00787-00271338-00271595 it here in compact form
8kB4BFGtvjI-00788-00271596-00271739 C
8kB4BFGtvjI-00789-00271740-00272008 also has two vectors
8kB4BFGtvjI-00790-00272009-00272297 A and B
8kB4BFGtvjI-00791-00272298-00272873 you see now my way of T this is C this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00792-00272874-00273269 is not Arrow this is letter c
8kB4BFGtvjI-00793-00273270-00273460 equal
8kB4BFGtvjI-00794-00273461-00273755 c equal a b
8kB4BFGtvjI-00795-00273756-00274241 now my most linear most General
8kB4BFGtvjI-00796-00274242-00274584 linear function of two Vector variables
8kB4BFGtvjI-00797-00274585-00274849 of course will be
8kB4BFGtvjI-00798-00274850-00275356 I just continue my writing F note
8kB4BFGtvjI-00799-00275357-00275808 plus a transpose U Plus
8kB4BFGtvjI-00800-00275809-00276197 B transpose B
8kB4BFGtvjI-00801-00276198-00276382 now
8kB4BFGtvjI-00802-00276383-00276763 you are with me are you with me and then
8kB4BFGtvjI-00803-00276764-00277043 and I see that it was needed for
8kB4BFGtvjI-00804-00277044-00277313 students so thank you very much for this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00805-00277314-00277793 and other students to thank you okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00806-00277794-00278099 now we have this most General linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-00807-00278100-00278369 function which is written here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00808-00278370-00278603 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00809-00278604-00279208 and uh I say if I give some increment d
8kB4BFGtvjI-00810-00279209-00279647 u and DV what will be increment gdf from
8kB4BFGtvjI-00811-00279648-00279947 this expression it's obvious yes it will
8kB4BFGtvjI-00812-00279948-00280223 be a transpose multiplied by 0 plus b
8kB4BFGtvjI-00813-00280224-00280673 transpose multiplied by D
8kB4BFGtvjI-00814-00280674-00280877 now
8kB4BFGtvjI-00815-00280878-00281221 I ask questions what if in this function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00816-00281222-00281627 a example of this function by the way
8kB4BFGtvjI-00817-00281628-00281758 it's here yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00818-00281759-00281987 this is a particular example of this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00819-00281988-00282232 function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00820-00282233-00282647 but but I I I should write it's not this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00821-00282648-00283063 function I should write for example U
8kB4BFGtvjI-00822-00283064-00283879 transpose a V yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00823-00283880-00284147 of the same variable it's not like u and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00824-00284148-00284563 v yes this is exactly my point
8kB4BFGtvjI-00825-00284564-00284993 assume that you and V are also functions
8kB4BFGtvjI-00826-00284994-00285341 of X but trivial functions of x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00827-00285342-00285851 U of X is equal ax and V of X is equal x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00828-00285852-00286330 and of course d u is DX and DV is DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00829-00286331-00286558 what is DF
8kB4BFGtvjI-00830-00286559-00287032 this a transpose DX plus b transpose d x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00831-00287033-00287723 I just substituted d u and DV with DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00832-00287724-00288203 it looks like very trivial like almost I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00833-00288204-00288389 don't say nothing
8kB4BFGtvjI-00834-00288390-00288827 but it's very very deep things we think
8kB4BFGtvjI-00835-00288828-00289013 we see here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00836-00289014-00289565 we see that I can assume that DX is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00837-00289566-00289817 constant in this part
8kB4BFGtvjI-00838-00289818-00290201 what does mean constant I I don't want
8kB4BFGtvjI-00839-00290202-00290513 to use this term yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00840-00290514-00290908 and then differential will be just a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00841-00290909-00291353 transpose multiplied by DX and then I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00842-00291354-00291725 can think about DX as constant here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00843-00291726-00292097 so it's increment is zero
8kB4BFGtvjI-00844-00292098-00292667 and DF will be here and all differential
8kB4BFGtvjI-00845-00292668-00293032 together is some of those two and this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00846-00293033-00293405 exactly what we did in the lecture why I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00847-00293406-00293723 did I show it because now we will show
8kB4BFGtvjI-00848-00293724-00294067 we will use it again in our
8kB4BFGtvjI-00849-00294068-00294347 computation of Haitian
8kB4BFGtvjI-00850-00294348-00294875 uh please meditate on this half a minute
8kB4BFGtvjI-00851-00294876-00295175 or whatever you need and ask me
8kB4BFGtvjI-00852-00295176-00295379 questions
8kB4BFGtvjI-00853-00295380-00295753 I have a question yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00854-00295754-00296080 but if we look at like a function of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00855-00296081-00296237 array one
8kB4BFGtvjI-00856-00296238-00296675 and then instead of a we choose like a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00857-00296676-00297101 scalar one we get a x number of two yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00858-00297102-00297497 and then I didn't really work
8kB4BFGtvjI-00859-00297498-00297863 thank you very much you're asking very
8kB4BFGtvjI-00860-00297864-00298030 good questions
8kB4BFGtvjI-00861-00298031-00298313 and let me give you example
8kB4BFGtvjI-00862-00298314-00298505 what if
8kB4BFGtvjI-00863-00298506-00298732 why
8kB4BFGtvjI-00864-00298733-00298945 is equal
8kB4BFGtvjI-00865-00298946-00299603 x to the power x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00866-00299604-00299980 do you know how to compute it's color
8kB4BFGtvjI-00867-00299981-00300347 scholar color case
8kB4BFGtvjI-00868-00300348-00300599 do you know how to compute derivative of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00869-00300600-00300845 such functions
8kB4BFGtvjI-00870-00300846-00301097 foreign
8kB4BFGtvjI-00871-00301098-00301429 X
8kB4BFGtvjI-00872-00301430-00301865 times x in power of weeks minus one
8kB4BFGtvjI-00873-00301866-00302045 maybe I don't know
8kB4BFGtvjI-00874-00302046-00302215 it's like
8kB4BFGtvjI-00875-00302216-00302560 combination of two functions it's like
8kB4BFGtvjI-00876-00302561-00302887 some constant I don't know
8kB4BFGtvjI-00877-00302888-00303479 uh it's not our a let me use some as a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00878-00303480-00303695 letter
8kB4BFGtvjI-00879-00303696-00303995 a b c d
8kB4BFGtvjI-00880-00303996-00304169 yeah
8kB4BFGtvjI-00881-00304170-00304330 that's right
8kB4BFGtvjI-00882-00304331-00304756 hmm okay it's a but it's not our a it's
8kB4BFGtvjI-00883-00304757-00305184 uh a to the power x we need to
8kB4BFGtvjI-00884-00305185-00305465 differentiate and we need to
8kB4BFGtvjI-00885-00305466-00305765 differentiate
8kB4BFGtvjI-00886-00305766-00306204 I I don't like this letter A
8kB4BFGtvjI-00887-00306205-00306515 uh okay it's Alpha
8kB4BFGtvjI-00888-00306516-00306851 Alpha in the power x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00889-00306852-00307379 and this X in the power of beta
8kB4BFGtvjI-00890-00307380-00307499 yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00891-00307500-00307745 all you know to differentiate such
8kB4BFGtvjI-00892-00307746-00307901 functions
8kB4BFGtvjI-00893-00307902-00308284 it's from elementary calculus
8kB4BFGtvjI-00894-00308285-00308611 yes but then your
8kB4BFGtvjI-00895-00308612-00308734 [Music]
8kB4BFGtvjI-00896-00308735-00309232 take this when Alpha substitute alpha x
8kB4BFGtvjI-00897-00309233-00309529 constant take this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00898-00309530-00309941 derivative things is derivative and adds
8kB4BFGtvjI-00899-00309942-00310193 and get correct results you can use it
8kB4BFGtvjI-00900-00310194-00310554 as a homework to check people are
8kB4BFGtvjI-00901-00310555-00310829 usually in mathematics people do other
8kB4BFGtvjI-00902-00310830-00311123 things they take long logarithms get
8kB4BFGtvjI-00903-00311124-00311423 around this problem but this is a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00904-00311424-00311843 straight straightforward way to get the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00905-00311844-00312160 result and by the way
8kB4BFGtvjI-00906-00312161-00312403 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00907-00312404-00312689 to to get um
8kB4BFGtvjI-00908-00312690-00312929 to get many other interesting things in
8kB4BFGtvjI-00909-00312930-00313187 mathematics I I will not continue now
8kB4BFGtvjI-00910-00313188-00313541 but take into account this very nice
8kB4BFGtvjI-00911-00313542-00313721 example
8kB4BFGtvjI-00912-00313722-00314171 any questions
8kB4BFGtvjI-00913-00314172-00314434 okay thank you
8kB4BFGtvjI-00914-00314435-00314797 for compliment
8kB4BFGtvjI-00915-00314798-00315089 uh okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00916-00315090-00315454 now I will even save this slide and I
8kB4BFGtvjI-00917-00315455-00315732 propose you you you you can do
8kB4BFGtvjI-00918-00315733-00315906 also
8kB4BFGtvjI-00919-00315907-00316193 screenshots yes because those are not
8kB4BFGtvjI-00920-00316194-00316541 standard not parts of standard video
8kB4BFGtvjI-00921-00316542-00316756 despite that we will have it on video
8kB4BFGtvjI-00922-00316757-00317021 but good to have screenshots
8kB4BFGtvjI-00923-00317022-00317460 as well okay and now I need to clear
8kB4BFGtvjI-00924-00317461-00317765 the uh drawings
8kB4BFGtvjI-00925-00317766-00318095 can I clear I hope I can
8kB4BFGtvjI-00926-00318096-00318425 and then I will stop
8kB4BFGtvjI-00927-00318426-00318665 annotation
8kB4BFGtvjI-00928-00318666-00319019 and then we are prepared to the second
8kB4BFGtvjI-00929-00319020-00319258 part
8kB4BFGtvjI-00930-00319259-00320167 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00931-00320168-00320339 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00932-00320340-00320651 now I want to develop Hessian
8kB4BFGtvjI-00933-00320652-00320987 so we get gradient of this function
8kB4BFGtvjI-00934-00320988-00321299 which was here chain function where
8kB4BFGtvjI-00935-00321300-00321658 inner function is a scalar function of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00936-00321659-00321971 vector variable and the outer scalar
8kB4BFGtvjI-00937-00321972-00322247 function of scalar variable and we got
8kB4BFGtvjI-00938-00322248-00322475 expression for gradient
8kB4BFGtvjI-00939-00322476-00322756 and here I wrote it again with arguments
8kB4BFGtvjI-00940-00322757-00322979 why do I need arguments because I need
8kB4BFGtvjI-00941-00322980-00323291 to calculate differential of gradient so
8kB4BFGtvjI-00942-00323292-00323508 I need a argument
8kB4BFGtvjI-00943-00323509-00324041 and now we know the differential of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00944-00324042-00324389 gradients is Hessian multiplied by G DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00945-00324390-00324832 so we need to develop a differential of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00946-00324833-00325234 this expression and we see now that X is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00947-00325235-00325517 coming into places
8kB4BFGtvjI-00948-00325518-00325715 it's come here
8kB4BFGtvjI-00949-00325716-00326280 so it's a nebula H is gradient of ah
8kB4BFGtvjI-00950-00326281-00326729 uh as function of X and we know that is
8kB4BFGtvjI-00951-00326730-00327041 the differential of this part at least
8kB4BFGtvjI-00952-00327042-00327445 yes it will be Hessian of this
8kB4BFGtvjI-00953-00327446-00327851 seeing multiplied by DX
8kB4BFGtvjI-00954-00327852-00328241 and you see you think about this excess
8kB4BFGtvjI-00955-00328242-00328547 constant and vice versa
8kB4BFGtvjI-00956-00328548-00328823 it's a little bit more challenging and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00957-00328824-00329051 you can start working
8kB4BFGtvjI-00958-00329052-00329393 or any question any comment about ours
8kB4BFGtvjI-00959-00329394-00329747 next task
8kB4BFGtvjI-00960-00329748-00330053 I don't see how this fits the form of
8kB4BFGtvjI-00961-00330054-00330379 what we discussed
8kB4BFGtvjI-00962-00330380-00330839 uh okay okay let me start drawing thank
8kB4BFGtvjI-00963-00330840-00331097 you again for your question
8kB4BFGtvjI-00964-00331098-00331445 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00965-00331446-00331817 I want to develop DG yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00966-00331818-00332063 yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00967-00332064-00332632 I it's easier for me
8kB4BFGtvjI-00968-00332633-00333149 to write this as gg1
8kB4BFGtvjI-00969-00333150-00333727 Plus dg2
8kB4BFGtvjI-00970-00333728-00333901 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00971-00333902-00334380 I don't understand what the two G's are
8kB4BFGtvjI-00972-00334381-00334708 let me finish my sentence maybe it will
8kB4BFGtvjI-00973-00334709-00335023 become more clear okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00974-00335024-00335339 dg1 I will get
8kB4BFGtvjI-00975-00335340-00335867 if I assume that this x the
8kB4BFGtvjI-00976-00335868-00336179 for example this sex is variable
8kB4BFGtvjI-00977-00336180-00336473 and this is the constant
8kB4BFGtvjI-00978-00336474-00336682 this is constant
8kB4BFGtvjI-00979-00336683-00336954 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-00980-00336955-00337339 uh if this x is constant then
8kB4BFGtvjI-00981-00337340-00337721 all this H is constant yes this is like
8kB4BFGtvjI-00982-00337722-00337901 constant vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-00983-00337902-00338245 okay and what remains
8kB4BFGtvjI-00984-00338246-00338669 it's uh to get differential this inner
8kB4BFGtvjI-00985-00338670-00338999 age and by the way this is V Prime it's
8kB4BFGtvjI-00986-00339000-00339299 not double Prime it's free Prime
8kB4BFGtvjI-00987-00339300-00339623 and get differential of this and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00988-00339624-00339887 multiply it by this constant vector and
8kB4BFGtvjI-00989-00339888-00340193 this will give you dg1
8kB4BFGtvjI-00990-00340194-00340697 okay this term and then vice versa you
8kB4BFGtvjI-00991-00340698-00341113 think I should undo
8kB4BFGtvjI-00992-00341114-00341351 you should think about
8kB4BFGtvjI-00993-00341352-00341958 this x is constant yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-00994-00341959-00342323 and if I think about this axis constant
8kB4BFGtvjI-00995-00342324-00342899 then all this expression uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00996-00342900-00343247 okay I think I get it okay uh is a
8kB4BFGtvjI-00997-00343248-00343493 constant what is what it is by the way
8kB4BFGtvjI-00998-00343494-00343775 it's color or it is uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-00999-00343776-00344243 vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-01000-00344244-00344554 is color yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01001-00344555-00344771 V Prime of something
8kB4BFGtvjI-01002-00344772-00345119 this is just a number yes and the unit
8kB4BFGtvjI-01003-00345120-00345539 only develop this this differential and
8kB4BFGtvjI-01004-00345540-00345803 then I add them together this will give
8kB4BFGtvjI-01005-00345804-00345875 you
8kB4BFGtvjI-01006-00345876-00346230 cold differential on them
8kB4BFGtvjI-01007-00346231-00346517 it's a little bit more work but start
8kB4BFGtvjI-01008-00346518-00346684 working and
8kB4BFGtvjI-01009-00346685-00346997 ask questions ask questions on the way
8kB4BFGtvjI-01010-00346998-00347323 uh I I may stop my
8kB4BFGtvjI-01011-00347324-00347801 video and pause the recording but feel
8kB4BFGtvjI-01012-00347802-00348025 free to talk to me
8kB4BFGtvjI-01013-00348026-00348491 okay I resume my recording and Eden is
8kB4BFGtvjI-01014-00348492-00348725 showing us
8kB4BFGtvjI-01015-00348726-00349073 do you see what what I share yes yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01016-00349074-00349463 okay so I calculate the derivative
8kB4BFGtvjI-01017-00349464-00349829 so from the first expression I assigned
8kB4BFGtvjI-01018-00349830-00350375 V to be a h h of x
8kB4BFGtvjI-01019-00350376-00350719 then I calculate the derivative of V
8kB4BFGtvjI-01020-00350720-00350915 uh two x
8kB4BFGtvjI-01021-00350916-00351280 so it's a transpose uh just a second
8kB4BFGtvjI-01022-00351281-00351697 about terminology okay now of course
8kB4BFGtvjI-01023-00351698-00352134 derivative and differential differential
8kB4BFGtvjI-01024-00352135-00352589 in other parts of mathematics there or
8kB4BFGtvjI-01025-00352590-00352853 often exchangeable but here is very
8kB4BFGtvjI-01026-00352854-00353165 delicate one differential yes yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01027-00353166-00353328 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-01028-00353329-00353765 and then I returned to my expression and
8kB4BFGtvjI-01029-00353766-00354208 I replace what I wrote here
8kB4BFGtvjI-01030-00354209-00354677 and can you tell in in words in Words to
8kB4BFGtvjI-01031-00354678-00354971 people like you I teach
8kB4BFGtvjI-01032-00354972-00355093 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-01033-00355094-00355691 uh so a differential of feed tag the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01034-00355692-00356039 feed tag of hlx it's differential of the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01035-00356040-00356645 tag of V because I put here the hlx of X
8kB4BFGtvjI-01036-00356646-00357232 sorry and it's a fit again the GV and
8kB4BFGtvjI-01037-00357233-00357767 then I replace the being HL h of x
8kB4BFGtvjI-01038-00357768-00358210 a gradient of H is transpose GX
8kB4BFGtvjI-01039-00358211-00358595 and then I replace in the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01040-00358596-00358943 in the in my expression here and it's
8kB4BFGtvjI-01041-00358944-00359227 safe from here
8kB4BFGtvjI-01042-00359228-00359680 and yes and because it's a commutative I
8kB4BFGtvjI-01043-00359681-00359869 just uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01044-00359870-00360184 reinverse the the order
8kB4BFGtvjI-01045-00360185-00361289 just a second which one is commutative
8kB4BFGtvjI-01046-00361290-00361589 point with commutation of Aquatics
8kB4BFGtvjI-01047-00361590-00361895 Vector expressions
8kB4BFGtvjI-01048-00361896-00362867 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01049-00362868-00363227 from here to here
8kB4BFGtvjI-01050-00363228-00363760 I I can yes the feet the game the game
8kB4BFGtvjI-01051-00363761-00364195 hlx gradient of hlx
8kB4BFGtvjI-01052-00364196-00364421 ophy double Prime
8kB4BFGtvjI-01053-00364422-00364753 uh I think yes from from Hebrew
8kB4BFGtvjI-01054-00364754-00365251 sorry no no it's okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-01055-00365252-00365471 double Prime
8kB4BFGtvjI-01056-00365472-00365784 is a number yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01057-00365785-00366089 is a scalar function
8kB4BFGtvjI-01058-00366090-00366504 Okay so
8kB4BFGtvjI-01059-00366505-00366834 I reverse here the order
8kB4BFGtvjI-01060-00366835-00367278 of the gradient the double tag
8kB4BFGtvjI-01061-00367279-00367619 version transpose
8kB4BFGtvjI-01062-00367620-00367847 here I put it together I put it together
8kB4BFGtvjI-01063-00367848-00368278 you see with the differential X here I
8kB4BFGtvjI-01064-00368279-00368693 put in the same parenthesis I put it
8kB4BFGtvjI-01065-00368694-00368932 together and then
8kB4BFGtvjI-01066-00368933-00369203 I calculate the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01067-00369204-00369610 Hessian of the function
8kB4BFGtvjI-01068-00369611-00369773 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-01069-00369774-00370258 so your your final expression looks
8kB4BFGtvjI-01070-00370259-00370793 looks nice so uh what is um
8kB4BFGtvjI-01071-00370794-00371273 I need to annotate where is just second
8kB4BFGtvjI-01072-00371274-00371453 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-01073-00371454-00371627 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01074-00371628-00372043 what is written here tell me please
8kB4BFGtvjI-01075-00372044-00372421 with the column vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-01076-00372422-00372893 by its transpose by row yes yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01077-00372894-00373187 so what what is this
8kB4BFGtvjI-01078-00373188-00373445 is this Matrix yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01079-00373446-00373817 yes so this is a rank one it's just for
8kB4BFGtvjI-01080-00373818-00374063 other students here I I hope that you
8kB4BFGtvjI-01081-00374064-00374243 know it because
8kB4BFGtvjI-01082-00374244-00374513 and what is here
8kB4BFGtvjI-01083-00374514-00374875 it's also Matrix
8kB4BFGtvjI-01084-00374876-00375421 I just checks do sanity Check Yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01085-00375422-00375821 that it uh it looks reasonable any any
8kB4BFGtvjI-01086-00375822-00376084 questions and any comments from other
8kB4BFGtvjI-01087-00376085-00376325 students because some commutations right
8kB4BFGtvjI-01088-00376326-00376553 I think uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01089-00376554-00376804 oh it might be commutative but I think
8kB4BFGtvjI-01090-00376805-00377123 uh overall
8kB4BFGtvjI-01091-00377124-00377375 I think this should be uh the other way
8kB4BFGtvjI-01092-00377376-00377615 around I think the transpose should be
8kB4BFGtvjI-01093-00377616-00377891 on the left I think uh let's think
8kB4BFGtvjI-01094-00377892-00377993 together
8kB4BFGtvjI-01095-00377994-00378358 we want to have metrics yes because
8kB4BFGtvjI-01096-00378359-00378593 creation is metrics
8kB4BFGtvjI-01097-00378594-00379027 if I have a and the bike bike convention
8kB4BFGtvjI-01098-00379028-00379463 all vectors in our course are columns by
8kB4BFGtvjI-01099-00379464-00379630 the way this convention may be different
8kB4BFGtvjI-01100-00379631-00379925 in other parts of mathematics but in
8kB4BFGtvjI-01101-00379926-00380201 optimization is very convenient to write
8kB4BFGtvjI-01102-00380202-00380627 down vectors as columns also gradients
8kB4BFGtvjI-01103-00380628-00380843 Okay so
8kB4BFGtvjI-01104-00380844-00381143 if if it would be like you are suggested
8kB4BFGtvjI-01105-00381144-00381454 it would be uh gradient transform would
8kB4BFGtvjI-01106-00381455-00381737 be a row by column what is row by column
8kB4BFGtvjI-01107-00381738-00381995 it's color yeah that's it no no I get it
8kB4BFGtvjI-01108-00381996-00382523 I get it uh but so
8kB4BFGtvjI-01109-00382524-00382817 over here it's the transpose to the left
8kB4BFGtvjI-01110-00382818-00383099 and the regular one to the right and I
8kB4BFGtvjI-01111-00383100-00383417 don't get where the swap was
8kB4BFGtvjI-01112-00383418-00383723 yes because it was that way because it's
8kB4BFGtvjI-01113-00383724-00383927 it's that way here and it's inserted
8kB4BFGtvjI-01114-00383928-00384293 over there you know so where uh very
8kB4BFGtvjI-01115-00384294-00384593 delicate point and you you actually
8kB4BFGtvjI-01116-00384594-00384958 catched it here's some delicate point
8kB4BFGtvjI-01117-00384959-00385319 with the linear all uh with a linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-01118-00385320-00385428 algebra
8kB4BFGtvjI-01119-00385429-00385741 when can we
8kB4BFGtvjI-01120-00385742-00386254 swap things and when we when we cannot
8kB4BFGtvjI-01121-00386255-00386476 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01122-00386477-00386689 [Music]
8kB4BFGtvjI-01123-00386690-00386945 maybe uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01124-00386946-00387234 the swap was here I just don't know why
8kB4BFGtvjI-01125-00387235-00387499 yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01126-00387500-00388193 because it's it's not commutative
8kB4BFGtvjI-01127-00388194-00388813 I don't think you can swap it like this
8kB4BFGtvjI-01128-00388814-00389219 double Prime is a scholar and also a
8kB4BFGtvjI-01129-00389220-00389537 guardians of age transpose the x is
8kB4BFGtvjI-01130-00389538-00389753 color
8kB4BFGtvjI-01131-00389754-00389987 no it's not this color they got at the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01132-00389988-00390215 end transposed it's a vector and the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01133-00390216-00390510 gradient is
8kB4BFGtvjI-01134-00390511-00390834 a roll Vector times
8kB4BFGtvjI-01135-00390835-00391060 expression in the scalar and absorb
8kB4BFGtvjI-01136-00391061-00391277 series swaps it it's a matrix now so you
8kB4BFGtvjI-01137-00391278-00391627 can do this swap
8kB4BFGtvjI-01138-00391628-00391853 however you like because if you can swap
8kB4BFGtvjI-01139-00391854-00392110 however you like then you can swap it so
8kB4BFGtvjI-01140-00392111-00392284 it ends up swapped here at the end and
8kB4BFGtvjI-01141-00392285-00392489 then it doesn't make sense
8kB4BFGtvjI-01142-00392490-00392710 it can't be to just you know it's a
8kB4BFGtvjI-01143-00392711-00393095 scalar so I can swap it however I want
8kB4BFGtvjI-01144-00393096-00393749 okay uh what is would suggest it's uh we
8kB4BFGtvjI-01145-00393750-00394043 we come to the very general
8kB4BFGtvjI-01146-00394044-00394421 um question I I will put it in this this
8kB4BFGtvjI-01147-00394422-00394799 way it's uh those letters are not
8kB4BFGtvjI-01148-00394800-00395237 related to uh to ours if I have
8kB4BFGtvjI-01149-00395238-00395623 Vector X
8kB4BFGtvjI-01150-00395624-00396023 and I have
8kB4BFGtvjI-01151-00396024-00396306 some other Victor
8kB4BFGtvjI-01152-00396307-00396587 ious example why
8kB4BFGtvjI-01153-00396588-00397049 don't suppose
8kB4BFGtvjI-01154-00397050-00397541 and they have some scholar Alpha
8kB4BFGtvjI-01155-00397542-00397823 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01156-00397824-00397973 can I put
8kB4BFGtvjI-01157-00397974-00398399 parenthesis anywhere
8kB4BFGtvjI-01158-00398400-00398651 um
8kB4BFGtvjI-01159-00398652-00399073 I I would say yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01160-00399074-00399415 but I don't think it's the same case yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01161-00399416-00399821 let me try to invent I
8kB4BFGtvjI-01162-00399822-00400067 I hope that I will be able to do it
8kB4BFGtvjI-01163-00400068-00400710 relatively fast
8kB4BFGtvjI-01164-00400711-00401178 the situation in this way I have a role
8kB4BFGtvjI-01165-00401179-00401656 Vector then column Vector this will give
8kB4BFGtvjI-01166-00401657-00402149 me scholar yes the product right drawing
8kB4BFGtvjI-01167-00402150-00402232 like
8kB4BFGtvjI-01168-00402233-00402437 pictogram
8kB4BFGtvjI-01169-00402438-00402647 and then
8kB4BFGtvjI-01170-00402648-00403258 I I will have another column vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-01171-00403259-00403463 okay very good
8kB4BFGtvjI-01172-00403464-00403780 so I I have such a expression where
8kB4BFGtvjI-01173-00403781-00404189 everything is legal yes I can put a
8kB4BFGtvjI-01174-00404190-00404584 project column by row is Matrix yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01175-00404585-00404897 and again by column is very legal so I
8kB4BFGtvjI-01176-00404898-00405137 can put parenthesis here
8kB4BFGtvjI-01177-00405138-00405425 or otherwise I would be able to put
8kB4BFGtvjI-01178-00405426-00405737 parenthesis
8kB4BFGtvjI-01179-00405738-00406193 yeah and everything would would work
8kB4BFGtvjI-01180-00406194-00406654 but if if if I try other other thing
8kB4BFGtvjI-01181-00406655-00407117 if I try to put the row vector and
8kB4BFGtvjI-01182-00407118-00407447 column vector and say this is a scholar
8kB4BFGtvjI-01183-00407448-00407647 yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01184-00407648-00408101 and multiply it by column by one more
8kB4BFGtvjI-01185-00408102-00408256 column vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-01186-00408257-00408527 in this situation okay I cannot move
8kB4BFGtvjI-01187-00408528-00408875 parenthesis yes because if I will move
8kB4BFGtvjI-01188-00408876-00409091 parenthesis in this way
8kB4BFGtvjI-01189-00409092-00409397 I I will have product of two columns
8kB4BFGtvjI-01190-00409398-00409757 bone vectors which is illegal in linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-01191-00409758-00409882 algebra
8kB4BFGtvjI-01192-00409883-00410266 so what is the story and in your linear
8kB4BFGtvjI-01193-00410267-00410526 algebra in general we know if I have
8kB4BFGtvjI-01194-00410527-00410872 legal any legal expression of matrices
8kB4BFGtvjI-01195-00410873-00411245 and vectors are particular cases of
8kB4BFGtvjI-01196-00411246-00411737 matrices yes ABC I can put parenthesis
8kB4BFGtvjI-01197-00411738-00411916 anywhere
8kB4BFGtvjI-01198-00411917-00412259 here is a very delicate story with
8kB4BFGtvjI-01199-00412260-00412391 scholar
8kB4BFGtvjI-01200-00412392-00412780 if I want to look on scalar as a one by
8kB4BFGtvjI-01201-00412781-00413278 one Matrix yes and use the Matrix Vector
8kB4BFGtvjI-01202-00413279-00413699 multiplication rules I only can use I
8kB4BFGtvjI-01203-00413700-00414118 use it on on the on the left I can only
8kB4BFGtvjI-01204-00414119-00414251 use
8kB4BFGtvjI-01205-00414252-00414599 uh volume
8kB4BFGtvjI-01206-00414600-00415072 by skull as legal Matrix Vector product
8kB4BFGtvjI-01207-00415073-00415468 because you you know row by columns is
8kB4BFGtvjI-01208-00415469-00415672 one Element row by one one element
8kB4BFGtvjI-01209-00415673-00416128 columns and everything works okay but if
8kB4BFGtvjI-01210-00416129-00416507 I think why this is okay what in that
8kB4BFGtvjI-01211-00416508-00417001 solution
8kB4BFGtvjI-01212-00417002-00417401 which I described here in general in
8kB4BFGtvjI-01213-00417402-00417730 just re write all expression in the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01214-00417731-00418174 order that only legal products of uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01215-00418175-00418541 vectors with Scholars will be this color
8kB4BFGtvjI-01216-00418542-00418841 should be the bottom line the scholar
8kB4BFGtvjI-01217-00418842-00419110 should be on the right but you're not
8kB4BFGtvjI-01218-00419112-00419413 doing something else
8kB4BFGtvjI-01219-00419414-00419668 in the expression but this isn't the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01220-00419669-00420013 problem
8kB4BFGtvjI-01221-00420014-00420287 full column and then she moved the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01222-00420288-00420568 column to the left so that's the issue
8kB4BFGtvjI-01223-00420569-00420772 it's not it's not an issue of
8kB4BFGtvjI-01224-00420773-00421085 parentheses it's an issue of uh moving
8kB4BFGtvjI-01225-00421085-00421331 it to the octave so we received the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01226-00421332-00421631 recording can need to explain nether
8kB4BFGtvjI-01227-00421632-00421793 will explain us
8kB4BFGtvjI-01228-00421793-00422363 okay so uh the point is we need uh in
8kB4BFGtvjI-01229-00422364-00422668 the end for it to be in this form of uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01230-00422669-00422903 column Vector times row Vector to make
8kB4BFGtvjI-01231-00422904-00423322 it equal to Matrix uh uh and for that we
8kB4BFGtvjI-01232-00423323-00423472 need the transpose to be on the right
8kB4BFGtvjI-01233-00423473-00423820 here over here it's on the left we need
8kB4BFGtvjI-01234-00423821-00424091 to move it over here the reason we can
8kB4BFGtvjI-01235-00424092-00424427 do that is because this expression is a
8kB4BFGtvjI-01236-00424428-00424583 scalar
8kB4BFGtvjI-01237-00424584-00424810 this is uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01238-00424812-00425033 a row Vector times a column Vector this
8kB4BFGtvjI-01239-00425034-00425351 is a scalar so we can move it around to
8kB4BFGtvjI-01240-00425352-00425555 the right only after we move it to the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01241-00425556-00425897 right which we need uh to put the DX on
8kB4BFGtvjI-01242-00425897-00426137 the right only then can we open the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01243-00426138-00426545 parentheses uh bring it to the form we
8kB4BFGtvjI-01244-00426546-00426931 want and continue to do all of this
8kB4BFGtvjI-01245-00426932-00428197 rearrangement we have here
8kB4BFGtvjI-01246-00428197-00428533 can move parenthesis if we have
8kB4BFGtvjI-01247-00428534-00428872 operations with with scalar and the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01248-00428873-00429022 vector column
8kB4BFGtvjI-01249-00429023-00429353 The Scholar must stay on the right from
8kB4BFGtvjI-01250-00429354-00429677 Vector column then its legal Matrix
8kB4BFGtvjI-01251-00429678-00429947 Vector operation when scalar is one by
8kB4BFGtvjI-01252-00429947-00430072 one Matrix
8kB4BFGtvjI-01253-00430073-00430433 and then if you have something else here
8kB4BFGtvjI-01254-00430434-00430757 they can continue in this way just
8kB4BFGtvjI-01255-00430758-00430960 saying so you you can put your
8kB4BFGtvjI-01256-00430962-00431285 parenthesis or in this way or in some
8kB4BFGtvjI-01257-00431285-00431693 other way and everything will work like
8kB4BFGtvjI-01258-00431693-00432163 usual Matrix expression okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-01259-00432164-00432499 the let me pause
8kB4BFGtvjI-01260-00432500-00433114 okay never stop and
8kB4BFGtvjI-01261-00433115-00433313 and I stop sharing
8kB4BFGtvjI-01262-00433314-00433655 yes yes you you can stop sharing and
8kB4BFGtvjI-01263-00433656-00434020 like you post me okay and then for the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01264-00434021-00434333 next time you should watch your lectures
8kB4BFGtvjI-01265-00434334-00434453 on
8kB4BFGtvjI-01266-00434454-00434741 convexity convex uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01267-00434742-00435172 uh functions and certain the other stuff
8kB4BFGtvjI-01268-00435173-00435451 we will add and again
8kB4BFGtvjI-01269-00435452-00435905 I always reserve a possibility to put
8kB4BFGtvjI-01270-00435906-00436229 quiz short quiz in the beginning of the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01271-00436230-00436529 lecture of our Fleet classroom to be
8kB4BFGtvjI-01272-00436530-00436799 sure that students really wish that
8kB4BFGtvjI-01273-00436800-00437177 thank you so annoying too much
8kB4BFGtvjI-01274-00437178-00437881 uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01275-00437882-00438163 just a second in week three you should
8kB4BFGtvjI-01276-00438164-00438533 watch convexity and the optimality
8kB4BFGtvjI-01277-00438534-00438881 conditions everything till uh one
8kB4BFGtvjI-01278-00438882-00439120 dimensional optimization
8kB4BFGtvjI-01279-00439121-00439229 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-01280-00439230-00439625 uh okay uh thank you really it was very
8kB4BFGtvjI-01281-00439626-00439949 good question if if I have a product of
8kB4BFGtvjI-01282-00439950-00440345 two functions whether I use a rule of
8kB4BFGtvjI-01283-00440346-00440557 multiplication
8kB4BFGtvjI-01284-00440558-00441077 you can say but uh what would you say
8kB4BFGtvjI-01285-00441078-00441485 again I should share screen uh somewhere
8kB4BFGtvjI-01286-00441485-00441760 let's do whiteboard
8kB4BFGtvjI-01287-00441762-00442116 uh I hope I resumed my recording I will
8kB4BFGtvjI-01288-00442117-00442801 yes yes I assumed it uh again
8kB4BFGtvjI-01289-00442802-00443207 if if I have this example which we had
8kB4BFGtvjI-01290-00443208-00443514 in the lecture
8kB4BFGtvjI-01291-00443515-00443849 what's your rule of multiplication would
8kB4BFGtvjI-01292-00443850-00444077 save you
8kB4BFGtvjI-01293-00444078-00444449 and I don't know you don't know that's
8kB4BFGtvjI-01294-00444450-00444791 why we are learning more general rule
8kB4BFGtvjI-01295-00444792-00445139 if x is entering several times
8kB4BFGtvjI-01296-00445139-00445499 then think about all others as constant
8kB4BFGtvjI-01297-00445500-00445835 and only one is variable and move one by
8kB4BFGtvjI-01298-00445835-00445972 one
8kB4BFGtvjI-01299-00445973-00446213 the second is variable and all others
8kB4BFGtvjI-01300-00446214-00446422 are constant and sum up
8kB4BFGtvjI-01301-00446423-00446818 and this is very general principle when
8kB4BFGtvjI-01302-00446819-00447355 uh you have I don't know X transpose why
8kB4BFGtvjI-01303-00447356-00447805 uh or I I I don't know f of x
8kB4BFGtvjI-01304-00447806-00448079 multiplied by G of x
8kB4BFGtvjI-01305-00448080-00448420 yes it will be only particular case so
8kB4BFGtvjI-01306-00448421-00448583 you don't need to remember this
8kB4BFGtvjI-01307-00448584-00448877 particular case because sometimes it's
8kB4BFGtvjI-01308-00448878-00449266 okay and sometimes it may leave the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01309-00449267-00449416 question open
8kB4BFGtvjI-01310-00449417-00449795 so this statement which we showed that
8kB4BFGtvjI-01311-00449796-00450316 even in scholar situation sorry X in the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01312-00450317-00450437 power x
8kB4BFGtvjI-01313-00450438-00450670 when you want to differentiate you have
8kB4BFGtvjI-01314-00450671-00450901 no multiplication but this rule is work
8kB4BFGtvjI-01315-00450902-00451229 it's uh much more General very
8kB4BFGtvjI-01316-00451230-00451522 convenient very easy to remember
8kB4BFGtvjI-01317-00451523-00451810 I every time you take the differential
8kB4BFGtvjI-01318-00451812-00452057 of a one function
8kB4BFGtvjI-01319-00452058-00452351 and there are those they remain the same
8kB4BFGtvjI-01320-00452352-00452764 and they sum up all the yes yes okay so
8kB4BFGtvjI-01321-00452765-00452981 the others are constant you you think
8kB4BFGtvjI-01322-00452982-00453227 about like then you multiply by constant
8kB4BFGtvjI-01323-00453228-00453533 if you compute differential when the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01324-00453534-00453718 first term is variable
8kB4BFGtvjI-01325-00453719-00454055 if the first term is very variable this
8kB4BFGtvjI-01326-00454056-00454420 is just constant but you must multiply
8kB4BFGtvjI-01327-00454421-00454705 by this constant when you
8kB4BFGtvjI-01328-00454706-00454972 differentiate with the respect to first
8kB4BFGtvjI-01329-00454973-00455389 text
8kB4BFGtvjI-01330-00455389-00455903 vice versa
8kB4BFGtvjI-01331-00455904-00456281 okay and it's good we gradually moved to
8kB4BFGtvjI-01332-00456282-00456653 reception hours and our reception hours
8kB4BFGtvjI-01333-00456654-00456995 are also are recording recorded because
8kB4BFGtvjI-01334-00456996-00457414 we free to ask General mathematical
8kB4BFGtvjI-01335-00457415-00457691 questions and then if you have personal
8kB4BFGtvjI-01336-00457692-00457913 questions in the end we will discuss
8kB4BFGtvjI-01337-00457914-00458889 this as well without recording
8kB4BFGtvjI-01338-00458891-00459049 [Music]
8kB4BFGtvjI-01339-00459050-00459439 uh okay the question was about
8kB4BFGtvjI-01340-00459439-00459851 jacobians the thing is that we the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01341-00459852-00460283 Jacobian is very important lecture and
8kB4BFGtvjI-01342-00460284-00460510 you will have a homework
8kB4BFGtvjI-01343-00460512-00460864 uh on uh optimization with neural
8kB4BFGtvjI-01344-00460865-00461218 network and there Jacob is used and you
8kB4BFGtvjI-01345-00461219-00461585 will be suggested to watch this Jacobian
8kB4BFGtvjI-01346-00461585-00461981 and use it in the homework unfortunately
8kB4BFGtvjI-01347-00461982-00462341 we don't have time in class to discuss
8kB4BFGtvjI-01348-00462342-00462647 this as a in flipped classroom maybe
8kB4BFGtvjI-01349-00462647-00462935 with some additional lesson but it's
8kB4BFGtvjI-01350-00462935-00463127 good I agree with you
8kB4BFGtvjI-01351-00463128-00463409 it's good for you to watch it now when
8kB4BFGtvjI-01352-00463410-00463727 your head is fresh if you want it's more
8kB4BFGtvjI-01353-00463728-00464057 voluntary it's your your if you are feel
8kB4BFGtvjI-01354-00464058-00464291 overloaded with this stuff which we had
8kB4BFGtvjI-01355-00464292-00464620 today it's okay not to watch it now but
8kB4BFGtvjI-01356-00464621-00464957 if you are you are thirsty watch it now
8kB4BFGtvjI-01357-00464958-00465220 and then you will watch it again when we
8kB4BFGtvjI-01358-00465221-00465503 will come with homework to optimization
8kB4BFGtvjI-01359-00465504-00465737 of neural networks
8kB4BFGtvjI-01360-00465738-00466025 okay thank you very much and if we watch
8kB4BFGtvjI-01361-00466026-00466355 it on YouTube so we lecture four five
8kB4BFGtvjI-01362-00466356-00466595 convex sets and functions
8kB4BFGtvjI-01363-00466596-00466810 and uh
8kB4BFGtvjI-01364-00466812-00467329 and uh locally in the global minimum yes
8kB4BFGtvjI-01365-00467330-00467633 and optimality conditions I don't
8kB4BFGtvjI-01366-00467634-00467999 remember it was part of some yeah
8kB4BFGtvjI-01367-00468000-00468131 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-01368-00468132-00468449 and the first lecture uh from the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01369-00468450-00468970 previous uh week it was about what
8kB4BFGtvjI-01370-00468971-00469355 uh so the the the first uh lecture was
8kB4BFGtvjI-01371-00469356-00469805 uh very introduction it was 1A and one b
8kB4BFGtvjI-01372-00469806-00470303 in the lecture list or or it was week
8kB4BFGtvjI-01373-00470304-00470605 one on course era it was very
8kB4BFGtvjI-01374-00470606-00470914 introductory just give you refresh of
8kB4BFGtvjI-01375-00470915-00471227 linear algebra again unfortunately we
8kB4BFGtvjI-01376-00471228-00471316 don't have
8kB4BFGtvjI-01377-00471317-00471610 time to discuss it but within the
8kB4BFGtvjI-01378-00471612-00471863 reception hours feel free to ask any
8kB4BFGtvjI-01379-00471864-00472193 questions about those because they are
8kB4BFGtvjI-01380-00472193-00472301 important
8kB4BFGtvjI-01381-00472302-00472559 and also about Jacobian by the way if
8kB4BFGtvjI-01382-00472560-00472841 you will have question about geogues
8kB4BFGtvjI-01383-00472842-00473201 it's good to ask on receptionality and I
8kB4BFGtvjI-01384-00473202-00473585 hope that netanel has assisted assistant
8kB4BFGtvjI-01385-00473585-00473855 we will also have a reception hours you
8kB4BFGtvjI-01386-00473856-00474070 could talk to him as well
8kB4BFGtvjI-01387-00474071-00474503 okay thank you pleasure
8kB4BFGtvjI-01388-00474504-00474737 okay
8kB4BFGtvjI-01389-00474738-00475085 so let's stop
8kB4BFGtvjI-01390-00475085-00475423 pause recording
8lHxh2e4aMc-00000-00000039-00001604 [Music]
8lHxh2e4aMc-00001-00001605-00004222 [Music]
8lHxh2e4aMc-00002-00004223-00004440 foreign
8lHxh2e4aMc-00004-00008743-00009402 wow
8lHxh2e4aMc-00005-00009403-00011151 [Music]
8lHxh2e4aMc-00006-00011152-00011753 so
8lHxh2e4aMc-00007-00011754-00014279 [Music]
8lHxh2e4aMc-00008-00014280-00014487 you
8n6poWemiCk-00000-00000006-00000305 welcome to the new episode of the
8n6poWemiCk-00001-00000306-00000754 context we are all in our spaceships
8n6poWemiCk-00002-00000755-00001058 think about it you cannot leave your
8n6poWemiCk-00003-00001059-00001439 home and the space that you have
8n6poWemiCk-00004-00001440-00001880 available is very defined you have to
8n6poWemiCk-00005-00001880-00002363 make do but you also have to adapt for
8n6poWemiCk-00006-00002364-00002813 example even if we don't realize every
8n6poWemiCk-00007-00002814-00003118 one day as we go either shopping or to
8n6poWemiCk-00008-00003119-00003527 work and then go home our muscles get
8n6poWemiCk-00009-00003528-00003838 exercised and when we don't leave home
8n6poWemiCk-00010-00003839-00004184 we have to consciously put in exercise
8n6poWemiCk-00011-00004185-00004799 regimes that keep our muscular tone we
8n6poWemiCk-00012-00004800-00005122 are still under the force of attraction
8n6poWemiCk-00013-00005123-00005506 of gravity so contrary to what happens
8n6poWemiCk-00014-00005507-00005806 in orbit we don't have to worry about
8n6poWemiCk-00015-00005807-00006310 calcium depletion and our bone density
8n6poWemiCk-00016-00006311-00006938 another analogy is that we have to have
8n6poWemiCk-00017-00006939-00007376 a very precise program of what we do in
8n6poWemiCk-00018-00007377-00007748 the day otherwise we would tend to just
8n6poWemiCk-00019-00007748-00008131 hang around in our pajama watching
8n6poWemiCk-00020-00008131-00008498 television series binging
8n6poWemiCk-00021-00008499-00009137 on the latest issue of whatever we like
8n6poWemiCk-00022-00009138-00009556 on Netflix or or Amazon Prime or other
8n6poWemiCk-00023-00009557-00010135 channels instead if we are precise and
8n6poWemiCk-00024-00010136-00010556 able to plan ahead then we can actually
8n6poWemiCk-00025-00010557-00011123 fill our days productively both doing
8n6poWemiCk-00026-00011124-00011291 things that we have postponed in the
8n6poWemiCk-00027-00011292-00011669 past and now we have time to to do their
8n6poWemiCk-00028-00011670-00012067 chores in the house as well as acquiring
8n6poWemiCk-00029-00012068-00012421 new skills learning new abilities
8n6poWemiCk-00030-00012422-00012985 the other important consequence of being
8n6poWemiCk-00031-00012986-00013297 in the spaceship that is our house is
8n6poWemiCk-00032-00013297-00013783 the necessity of thinking about how we
8n6poWemiCk-00033-00013784-00014159 acquire the resources that we need if we
8n6poWemiCk-00034-00014160-00014572 are going shopping we have to buy food
8n6poWemiCk-00035-00014573-00014897 for a week or more so that we don't go
8n6poWemiCk-00036-00014897-00015683 too frequently and we are consuming
8n6poWemiCk-00037-00015684-00016022 everything without throwing things away
8n6poWemiCk-00038-00016022-00016450 as unfortunately 30 40 percent of the
8n6poWemiCk-00039-00016451-00016769 food used to be thrown away
8n6poWemiCk-00040-00016770-00016964 in the past there in the Western
8n6poWemiCk-00041-00016965-00017435 countries the issue of recycling of
8n6poWemiCk-00042-00017436-00017792 course is not only about food but also
8n6poWemiCk-00043-00017793-00018205 other components of the trash that we
8n6poWemiCk-00044-00018206-00018619 generate whether it is paper or glass or
8n6poWemiCk-00045-00018620-00019142 metal or plastic in many countries there
8n6poWemiCk-00046-00019143-00019375 is an increasing level of attention in
8n6poWemiCk-00047-00019376-00019742 recycling everything and of course now
8n6poWemiCk-00048-00019743-00019877 we have a little bit more time so
8n6poWemiCk-00049-00019878-00020152 probably we are more diligent about
8n6poWemiCk-00050-00020153-00020668 sorting in the five six seven different
8n6poWemiCk-00051-00020669-00021056 garbage containers that each of us
8n6poWemiCk-00052-00021057-00021406 necessarily keeps in order to make it
8n6poWemiCk-00053-00021407-00021659 available for collection on the
8n6poWemiCk-00054-00021660-00022055 precisely defined day there are a couple
8n6poWemiCk-00055-00022056-00022319 of things that we can still take for
8n6poWemiCk-00056-00022320-00022562 granted and we are very lucky in that
8n6poWemiCk-00057-00022563-00022991 water and air even though there have
8n6poWemiCk-00058-00022992-00023455 been reports of the coronavirus being
8n6poWemiCk-00059-00023456-00023963 found in the water supply of Paris this
8n6poWemiCk-00060-00023964-00024522 was not water for human consumption so
8n6poWemiCk-00061-00024523-00024953 we can use tap water but of course we
8n6poWemiCk-00062-00024954-00025367 have to think ahead and for example make
8n6poWemiCk-00063-00025368-00025621 sure that we have also alternative
8n6poWemiCk-00064-00025622-00025700 reserve
8n6poWemiCk-00065-00025701-00026084 at home if for a few days because it
8n6poWemiCk-00066-00026085-00026333 wouldn't be possible probably for more
8n6poWemiCk-00067-00026334-00026837 we have to drink bottled or box water
8n6poWemiCk-00068-00026838-00027149 and as far as the air is concerned of
8n6poWemiCk-00069-00027150-00027433 course it will be even a bigger problem
8n6poWemiCk-00070-00027434-00027762 but we can start thinking ahead what
8n6poWemiCk-00071-00027763-00028283 would it imply if the next pandemic were
8n6poWemiCk-00072-00028284-00028805 transmitted by an airborne virus to give
8n6poWemiCk-00073-00028806-00029289 an example if somebody is ill with
8n6poWemiCk-00074-00029289-00029889 measles and they are infective and ride
8n6poWemiCk-00075-00029889-00030270 an elevator you can climb into that
8n6poWemiCk-00076-00030270-00030752 elevator hours after they left and you
8n6poWemiCk-00077-00030753-00031070 will still be infected that is the kind
8n6poWemiCk-00078-00031072-00031427 of infectiousness of of measles just
8n6poWemiCk-00079-00031428-00032018 through breeding so what would we do if
8n6poWemiCk-00080-00032019-00032523 the air would be contagious would we
8n6poWemiCk-00081-00032524-00032949 equip our apartments with air filters
8n6poWemiCk-00082-00032950-00033452 capable of keeping out viruses well the
8n6poWemiCk-00083-00033453-00033729 latest Tesla models for example have
8n6poWemiCk-00084-00033730-00033962 this kind of air filtering capabilities
8n6poWemiCk-00085-00033963-00034320 so technically technologically we can do
8n6poWemiCk-00086-00034321-00034799 it but of course doing that for millions
8n6poWemiCk-00087-00034800-00034998 of homes and tens and hundreds of
8n6poWemiCk-00088-00034999-00035289 millions of homes would be a huge
8n6poWemiCk-00089-00035290-00035714 undertaking now when we are talking
8n6poWemiCk-00090-00035715-00036335 about the resource cycle of food water
8n6poWemiCk-00091-00036336-00037052 air recycling materials of various kinds
8n6poWemiCk-00092-00037053-00037376 these are things that we discover on
8n6poWemiCk-00093-00037377-00037901 earth because out of necessity in
8n6poWemiCk-00094-00037902-00038229 conditions like the log then we find
8n6poWemiCk-00095-00038230-00038648 ourselves in now but in space this is
8n6poWemiCk-00096-00038649-00038865 everyday life
8n6poWemiCk-00097-00038866-00039221 on the International Space Station
8n6poWemiCk-00098-00039222-00039618 recycling is not perfect and there's a
8n6poWemiCk-00099-00039619-00039933 consequence supply ships need to deliver
8n6poWemiCk-00100-00039934-00040542 water air and take away garbage from the
8n6poWemiCk-00101-00040543-00040983 space station periodically but if we
8n6poWemiCk-00102-00040984-00041493 want to build permanent self-sufficient
8n6poWemiCk-00103-00041494-00041880 Martian colonies they will need to be
8n6poWemiCk-00104-00041881-00042383 recycling and sustainable 100 percent
8n6poWemiCk-00105-00042384-00042918 99.99 not enough even adding 1/9 after
8n6poWemiCk-00106-00042919-00043227 that would only mean that the ability
8n6poWemiCk-00107-00043228-00043527 for the colony to persist would be
8n6poWemiCk-00108-00043528-00043899 prolonged for some period of time but
8n6poWemiCk-00109-00043900-00044223 then it would still potentially collapse
8n6poWemiCk-00110-00044224-00044673 so we are certainly not there yet we
8n6poWemiCk-00111-00044674-00045057 don't know how to build a structure and
8n6poWemiCk-00112-00045058-00045249 what is the minimum size of the
8n6poWemiCk-00113-00045250-00045724 structure whose only input is sunlight
8n6poWemiCk-00114-00045725-00046137 and whatever chemical components you
8n6poWemiCk-00115-00046138-00046429 find on the ground but for everything
8n6poWemiCk-00116-00046430-00046896 that is concerning a vital biosphere it
8n6poWemiCk-00117-00046897-00047361 is able to maintain itself without out
8n6poWemiCk-00118-00047362-00047761 input from the outside in with which in
8n6poWemiCk-00119-00047762-00048142 this case would be a shipment from Earth
8n6poWemiCk-00120-00048143-00048471 that we couldn't and wouldn't want to
8n6poWemiCk-00121-00048472-00048755 rely on in our concept of a
8n6poWemiCk-00122-00048756-00049060 self-sufficient Martian colony so we
8n6poWemiCk-00123-00049061-00049354 have to work in order to get there but
8n6poWemiCk-00124-00049355-00049665 if we imagine that we are already there
8n6poWemiCk-00125-00049666-00050052 then this knowledge disability this
8n6poWemiCk-00126-00050053-00050415 capability is extremely precious is it
8n6poWemiCk-00127-00050416-00050655 likely that it will be earth developing
8n6poWemiCk-00128-00050656-00050993 it or is it more likely that it will be
8n6poWemiCk-00129-00050994-00051363 not completely self-sufficient Martian
8n6poWemiCk-00130-00051364-00051606 colony that is going to make the
8n6poWemiCk-00131-00051607-00051828 concerted effort to improve
8n6poWemiCk-00132-00051829-00052346 its ability to create a circular system
8n6poWemiCk-00133-00052347-00052620 in the biosphere and supposedly in the
8n6poWemiCk-00134-00052621-00053136 economy as well to be truly autonomous I
8n6poWemiCk-00135-00053137-00053370 believe that the second is much more
8n6poWemiCk-00136-00053371-00053688 likely which means that these precious
8n6poWemiCk-00137-00053689-00053928 technologies are going to be born on
8n6poWemiCk-00138-00053929-00054311 Mars and as they are born on Mars of
8n6poWemiCk-00139-00054312-00054663 course their value will be immediately
8n6poWemiCk-00140-00054664-00054999 recognized and leveraged the Martian
8n6poWemiCk-00141-00055000-00055479 colonies will export these dis know how
8n6poWemiCk-00142-00055479-00055758 these technologies these best practices
8n6poWemiCk-00143-00055759-00056148 to earth and possibly elsewhere that
8n6poWemiCk-00144-00056149-00056709 will be the base of of Martian Commerce
8n6poWemiCk-00145-00056710-00057185 and of course there will be always
8n6poWemiCk-00146-00057186-00057627 welcomed shipments of whatever Mars
8n6poWemiCk-00147-00057628-00058089 needs and an earth has aplenty in order
8n6poWemiCk-00148-00058090-00058344 to expand the colony or build a second
8n6poWemiCk-00149-00058345-00058866 one on the planet until and there will
8n6poWemiCk-00150-00058866-00059211 be many many more years before that
8n6poWemiCk-00151-00059212-00059724 project becomes feasible we terraform
8n6poWemiCk-00152-00059725-00060054 the planet itself not only within the
8n6poWemiCk-00153-00060054-00060414 colonies but all over its surface we
8n6poWemiCk-00154-00060415-00060783 create the conditions for Earth based
8n6poWemiCk-00155-00060784-00061389 the life to thrive and this will keep us
8n6poWemiCk-00156-00061390-00061938 busy for millennia and of course we will
8n6poWemiCk-00157-00061939-00062229 start other places as well other
8n6poWemiCk-00158-00062229-00062415 colonies that are going to be very
8n6poWemiCk-00159-00062416-00062792 different economy on the asteroid belt
8n6poWemiCk-00160-00062794-00063114 for example not only wouldn't be able to
8n6poWemiCk-00161-00063115-00063936 count on soil and air and water it would
8n6poWemiCk-00162-00063937-00064437 have a much lower availability even of
8n6poWemiCk-00163-00064438-00064659 energy from the Sun because of how
8n6poWemiCk-00164-00064660-00065028 distant it is and very importantly it
8n6poWemiCk-00165-00065029-00065175 wouldn't be able to count
8n6poWemiCk-00166-00065176-00065652 gravity to to help or hinder certain
8n6poWemiCk-00167-00065653-00065949 activities the human body needs gravity
8n6poWemiCk-00168-00065950-00066375 so there will be spinning colonies but
8n6poWemiCk-00169-00066376-00066749 at the same time it is easier to build
8n6poWemiCk-00170-00066750-00067184 fantastically complex and and intricate
8n6poWemiCk-00171-00067185-00067659 structures if gravity is not there every
8n6poWemiCk-00172-00067660-00067947 moment trying to destroy and make
8n6poWemiCk-00173-00067948-00068247 crumble what we are building so there
8n6poWemiCk-00174-00068248-00068421 will be also structures that are
8n6poWemiCk-00175-00068422-00068691 freestanding and growing in all
8n6poWemiCk-00176-00068692-00069177 directions for their own purposes in in
8n6poWemiCk-00177-00069178-00069491 the colonies in the asteroid belt
8n6poWemiCk-00178-00069492-00069813 now of course whether we are talking
8n6poWemiCk-00179-00069814-00070299 about earth-based more space or asteroid
8n6poWemiCk-00180-00070300-00070619 belt based dwellings
8n6poWemiCk-00181-00070620-00071084 if both designing and building them will
8n6poWemiCk-00182-00071085-00071592 employ vast quantities of robots both
8n6poWemiCk-00183-00071593-00071901 humanoid as well as non humanoid robots
8n6poWemiCk-00184-00071902-00072444 and 3d printing our habitats is going to
8n6poWemiCk-00185-00072445-00072786 be the norm where at an ever-increasing
8n6poWemiCk-00186-00072787-00073497 rate we will use grown paws extruding
8n6poWemiCk-00187-00073498-00073959 from the raw materials available in
8n6poWemiCk-00188-00073960-00074334 order to obtain what what we actually
8n6poWemiCk-00189-00074335-00074763 need and then of course the people who
8n6poWemiCk-00190-00074764-00075357 will be born in these very varied places
8n6poWemiCk-00191-00075358-00075807 in the solar system will take their own
8n6poWemiCk-00192-00075808-00076194 place of birth for granted and they will
8n6poWemiCk-00193-00076195-00076590 see every other place as very exotic
8n6poWemiCk-00194-00076591-00076997 very attractive sometimes inhospitable
8n6poWemiCk-00195-00076998-00077517 sometimes welcoming and tourism in the
8n6poWemiCk-00196-00077518-00077832 solar system is going to be an important
8n6poWemiCk-00197-00077833-00078143 economic factor because for humans
8n6poWemiCk-00198-00078144-00078435 curiosity entertainment
8n6poWemiCk-00199-00078436-00078723 learning and meeting other people is
8n6poWemiCk-00200-00078724-00079001 going to constitute an important part of
8n6poWemiCk-00201-00079002-00079589 how we will keep living in the meantime
8n6poWemiCk-00202-00079590-00080204 in your spaceship at home you should
8n6poWemiCk-00203-00080205-00080655 design your days and your weeks in a
8n6poWemiCk-00204-00080656-00081032 manner to recognize how lucky we are and
8n6poWemiCk-00205-00081033-00081525 how lucky the the situation is because
8n6poWemiCk-00206-00081526-00081969 we have demonstrated our extreme ability
8n6poWemiCk-00207-00081970-00082347 to adapt to something unexpected and
8n6poWemiCk-00208-00082348-00082635 something that we couldn't even imagine
8n6poWemiCk-00209-00082636-00083118 most of us a few months ago and this
8n6poWemiCk-00210-00083119-00083472 kind of discipline and dedication and
8n6poWemiCk-00211-00083473-00083739 and persistence and resilience that we
8n6poWemiCk-00212-00083740-00084038 have demonstrated is going to serve us
8n6poWemiCk-00213-00084039-00084449 extremely well as we go and endeavor to
8n6poWemiCk-00214-00084450-00084747 face our new challenges but also the
8n6poWemiCk-00215-00084748-00085065 opportunities of space exploration
8n6poWemiCk-00216-00085066-00085422 around the solar system
8nLk6q74zB8-00000-00000000-00000191 being here today my name is terry
8nLk6q74zB8-00001-00000192-00000359 connerton i'm the director of the south
8nLk6q74zB8-00002-00000360-00000519 carolina
8nLk6q74zB8-00003-00000520-00000703 association president i'm also the
8nLk6q74zB8-00004-00000704-00000847 director of the airport i want to thank
8nLk6q74zB8-00005-00000848-00001015 you being here today hopefully the rain
8nLk6q74zB8-00006-00001016-00001191 will hold off a little bit
8nLk6q74zB8-00007-00001192-00001383 yesterday marks the first day of
8nLk6q74zB8-00008-00001384-00001607 aviation week in south carolina what
8nLk6q74zB8-00009-00001607-00001830 that basically is is simply a
8nLk6q74zB8-00010-00001832-00002063 a week where local airports can go ahead
8nLk6q74zB8-00011-00002064-00002326 and showcase their activities that can
8nLk6q74zB8-00012-00002327-00002583 connect to economic and education
8nLk6q74zB8-00013-00002584-00002734 i'm pleased to announce today that if
8nLk6q74zB8-00014-00002735-00002855 you look inside the terminal of
8nLk6q74zB8-00015-00002856-00002999 spartanburg we have some of those
8nLk6q74zB8-00016-00003000-00003183 activities going on here
8nLk6q74zB8-00017-00003184-00003335 i want to make a mention to the
8nLk6q74zB8-00018-00003336-00003527 spartanburg science center for the youth
8nLk6q74zB8-00019-00003528-00003695 program we have of the last two years
8nLk6q74zB8-00020-00003696-00003911 we've had 28 children or students
8nLk6q74zB8-00021-00003911-00004079 graduate from that program
8nLk6q74zB8-00022-00004079-00004279 we also have a program where we've
8nLk6q74zB8-00023-00004280-00004367 actually
8nLk6q74zB8-00024-00004368-00004551 have a rewards program to return
8nLk6q74zB8-00025-00004552-00004711 customers by connecting to the local
8nLk6q74zB8-00026-00004712-00004838 community here
8nLk6q74zB8-00027-00004839-00005086 we also have a carbon footprint program
8nLk6q74zB8-00028-00005087-00005238 which is actually sponsored by world
8nLk6q74zB8-00029-00005239-00005447 fuel and the beneficiaries of that are
8nLk6q74zB8-00030-00005448-00005670 people like the noble tree foundation
8nLk6q74zB8-00031-00005671-00005943 and also the nature conservancy
8nLk6q74zB8-00032-00005944-00006127 today's event is also marked by an
8nLk6q74zB8-00033-00006128-00006359 important bill signing so what i want to
8nLk6q74zB8-00034-00006360-00006575 do right now is introduce you to james
8nLk6q74zB8-00035-00006576-00006798 stevens who's the executive director of
8nLk6q74zB8-00036-00006800-00007751 the south carolina arts commission james
8nLk6q74zB8-00037-00007752-00007934 thank you terry it is a pleasure to be
8nLk6q74zB8-00038-00007936-00008167 back with you in spartanburg again today
8nLk6q74zB8-00039-00008168-00008319 if you remember we were here two years
8nLk6q74zB8-00040-00008320-00008535 ago during aviation week and we got to
8nLk6q74zB8-00041-00008536-00008759 celebrate what aviation does in south
8nLk6q74zB8-00042-00008760-00008999 carolina for all of us so south carolina
8nLk6q74zB8-00043-00009000-00009223 aviation week happens every year the
8nLk6q74zB8-00044-00009224-00009431 governor has proclaimed this week to be
8nLk6q74zB8-00045-00009432-00009591 south carolina aviation week and it
8nLk6q74zB8-00046-00009592-00009791 always happens in conjunction with
8nLk6q74zB8-00047-00009792-00009991 august 19th which is wilbur wright's
8nLk6q74zB8-00048-00009992-00010159 birthday
8nLk6q74zB8-00049-00010160-00010335 this year however we get to celebrate
8nLk6q74zB8-00050-00010336-00010614 the passage of senate bill 675. what
8nLk6q74zB8-00051-00010615-00010806 that means to south carolina is great
8nLk6q74zB8-00052-00010807-00010967 and what you can see
8nLk6q74zB8-00053-00010968-00011238 as evidence of the bill and its passage
8nLk6q74zB8-00054-00011239-00011359 and the programs that are offered
8nLk6q74zB8-00055-00011360-00011495 through the monies that were passed
8nLk6q74zB8-00056-00011496-00011719 within that bill are really right here
8nLk6q74zB8-00057-00011720-00011951 behind me behind these people
8nLk6q74zB8-00058-00011952-00012159 the runways the taxiways the facilities
8nLk6q74zB8-00059-00012160-00012367 here all benefit from
8nLk6q74zB8-00060-00012368-00012574 the state aviation fund and the revenues
8nLk6q74zB8-00061-00012575-00012791 that we enjoy through that fund through
8nLk6q74zB8-00062-00012792-00012958 users of our airport system in south
8nLk6q74zB8-00063-00012959-00013166 carolina we're here to celebrate that
8nLk6q74zB8-00064-00013168-00013343 with us today are my commissioners i
8nLk6q74zB8-00065-00013344-00013558 would be remiss if i didn't recognize
8nLk6q74zB8-00066-00013559-00013686 each of them i'm going to start with
8nLk6q74zB8-00067-00013687-00013855 commissioner kaufman here on the end she
8nLk6q74zB8-00068-00013856-00014094 represents this district district 4 here
8nLk6q74zB8-00069-00014095-00014238 in south carolina we've got commissioner
8nLk6q74zB8-00070-00014240-00014519 chris betha district seven skeets cooper
8nLk6q74zB8-00071-00014519-00014758 three mr bud coward is our commissioner
8nLk6q74zB8-00072-00014759-00015086 emeritus mr david anderson district two
8nLk6q74zB8-00073-00015087-00015311 and marco cavazzoni is in district six
8nLk6q74zB8-00074-00015312-00015519 our other two commissioners and chairman
8nLk6q74zB8-00075-00015519-00015743 do send their regrets and they do regret
8nLk6q74zB8-00076-00015744-00015879 not being able to be here today and
8nLk6q74zB8-00077-00015880-00016158 celebrate the passage of this bill
8nLk6q74zB8-00078-00016159-00016447 the bill didn't happen because of the
8nLk6q74zB8-00079-00016448-00016630 work of the commission per se
8nLk6q74zB8-00080-00016631-00016775 this bill passed because of a lot of
8nLk6q74zB8-00081-00016776-00016919 people's efforts one of which i'll
8nLk6q74zB8-00082-00016920-00017111 introduce here in a minute uh senator
8nLk6q74zB8-00083-00017112-00017375 josh kimbrell we've got with him senator
8nLk6q74zB8-00084-00017376-00017567 peeler representative max hyde
8nLk6q74zB8-00085-00017568-00017743 representative scott talley
8nLk6q74zB8-00086-00017744-00017991 representative rita allison
8nLk6q74zB8-00087-00017992-00018143 representative travis moore and
8nLk6q74zB8-00088-00018144-00018407 representative roger nutt as well as our
8nLk6q74zB8-00089-00018408-00018567 lieutenant governor and governor here
8nLk6q74zB8-00090-00018568-00018703 with us today
8nLk6q74zB8-00091-00018704-00018999 the bill is a passage of through time of
8nLk6q74zB8-00092-00019000-00019207 all all of these individuals were part
8nLk6q74zB8-00093-00019208-00019447 of its passage and part of the work but
8nLk6q74zB8-00094-00019448-00019735 senator kembrell is a big part of why
8nLk6q74zB8-00095-00019736-00019983 this bill passed as a junior senator he
8nLk6q74zB8-00096-00019984-00020247 stepped in and stepped up to meet a need
8nLk6q74zB8-00097-00020248-00020422 to help try to meet a need for south
8nLk6q74zB8-00098-00020423-00020663 carolina for aviation in south carolina
8nLk6q74zB8-00099-00020664-00020830 because of his work because of the work
8nLk6q74zB8-00100-00020831-00021071 of the individuals behind me and a host
8nLk6q74zB8-00101-00021072-00021207 of other people involved with the
8nLk6q74zB8-00102-00021208-00021486 aviation association and others at each
8nLk6q74zB8-00103-00021487-00021711 respective airport we get to celebrate
8nLk6q74zB8-00104-00021712-00022039 the passage of 675 and its impact on
8nLk6q74zB8-00105-00022040-00022278 capital investments maintenance aviation
8nLk6q74zB8-00106-00022279-00022455 education and other things that we're
8nLk6q74zB8-00107-00022456-00022630 going to leave behind one day for the
8nLk6q74zB8-00108-00022631-00022847 next generation with this great system
8nLk6q74zB8-00109-00022848-00022999 of airports that we're setting up with
8nLk6q74zB8-00110-00023000-00023111 today
8nLk6q74zB8-00111-00023112-00023278 senator kimbrell
8nLk6q74zB8-00112-00023279-00023617 thank you sir
8nLk6q74zB8-00113-00023618-00023903 [Music]
8nLk6q74zB8-00114-00023904-00024039 thank you all for being here today and
8nLk6q74zB8-00115-00024040-00024183 terry thank you for hosting this great
8nLk6q74zB8-00116-00024184-00024358 event here at spartanburg airport you
8nLk6q74zB8-00117-00024359-00024527 know since it is aviation week it
8nLk6q74zB8-00118-00024528-00024703 reminds me i once heard that flying is
8nLk6q74zB8-00119-00024704-00024886 the second greatest thrill known to man
8nLk6q74zB8-00120-00024887-00025103 the first is landing
8nLk6q74zB8-00121-00025104-00025367 which is typically true
8nLk6q74zB8-00122-00025368-00025542 this bill was an important step forward
8nLk6q74zB8-00123-00025543-00025702 for south carolina i believe in terms of
8nLk6q74zB8-00124-00025704-00025862 economic development and our governor
8nLk6q74zB8-00125-00025863-00026014 lieutenant governor worked very hard on
8nLk6q74zB8-00126-00026016-00026231 that and the british used to have an
8nLk6q74zB8-00127-00026232-00026399 expression that said he who rules the
8nLk6q74zB8-00128-00026400-00026607 waves rules the world but i do believe
8nLk6q74zB8-00129-00026608-00026790 now that he who rules the skies rules
8nLk6q74zB8-00130-00026791-00027007 the world and the united states has led
8nLk6q74zB8-00131-00027008-00027118 the world in
8nLk6q74zB8-00132-00027119-00027279 aviation technology aeronautics
8nLk6q74zB8-00133-00027280-00027479 technology and south carolina is doing
8nLk6q74zB8-00134-00027480-00027646 an awfully good job of leading the way
8nLk6q74zB8-00135-00027647-00027846 with big companies like boeing moving
8nLk6q74zB8-00136-00027847-00028055 here and all kinds of aerospace
8nLk6q74zB8-00137-00028056-00028207 entities moving to south carolina this
8nLk6q74zB8-00138-00028208-00028511 bill will help aid and abet that and as
8nLk6q74zB8-00139-00028512-00028727 the commissioner or as james put it this
8nLk6q74zB8-00140-00028727-00028943 will expand opportunities for funding in
8nLk6q74zB8-00141-00028944-00029143 south carolina airports it brings new
8nLk6q74zB8-00142-00029144-00029302 investment it'll bring in a whole lot of
8nLk6q74zB8-00143-00029304-00029518 federal matching funds which up until
8nLk6q74zB8-00144-00029519-00029743 now we were not eligible for so airports
8nLk6q74zB8-00145-00029744-00029958 like this can succeed airports all over
8nLk6q74zB8-00146-00029960-00030127 the state can succeed
8nLk6q74zB8-00147-00030127-00030287 as we mentioned governor during the
8nLk6q74zB8-00148-00030288-00030527 debate in the senate there's 46 counties
8nLk6q74zB8-00149-00030527-00030711 in south carolina 44 have an airport
8nLk6q74zB8-00150-00030712-00030855 we're about to fix the other two that's
8nLk6q74zB8-00151-00030856-00030935 what we're going to talk about in a
8nLk6q74zB8-00152-00030936-00031174 minute uh and airports like this are the
8nLk6q74zB8-00153-00031175-00031383 backbone of the community
8nLk6q74zB8-00154-00031383-00031535 because of this bill i'm happy to
8nLk6q74zB8-00155-00031536-00031718 announce today and and terry connorton's
8nLk6q74zB8-00156-00031719-00031814 worked very hard on this from
8nLk6q74zB8-00157-00031816-00032055 spartanburg airport authority that eric
8nLk6q74zB8-00158-00032056-00032207 anderson in the back over here say hello
8nLk6q74zB8-00159-00032208-00032358 to eric he is the ceo of a company
8nLk6q74zB8-00160-00032360-00032583 called aed arrow out of baltimore
8nLk6q74zB8-00161-00032583-00032743 maryland and they have announced they
8nLk6q74zB8-00162-00032744-00032895 are moving the their office to
8nLk6q74zB8-00163-00032896-00033039 spartanburg downtown airport they are
8nLk6q74zB8-00164-00033040-00033239 moving to south carolina as a u.s
8nLk6q74zB8-00165-00033240-00034246 defense contractor
8nLk6q74zB8-00166-00034247-00034374 and and that's really important in this
8nLk6q74zB8-00167-00034375-00034559 airport particularly because this is in
8nLk6q74zB8-00168-00034560-00034751 an opportunity zone and i'd be remiss if
8nLk6q74zB8-00169-00034752-00034943 i didn't recognize brianna from senator
8nLk6q74zB8-00170-00034944-00035143 tim scott's office where is miss bateman
8nLk6q74zB8-00171-00035144-00035318 she's in okay in the back back there
8nLk6q74zB8-00172-00035319-00035527 from senator tim scott's office
8nLk6q74zB8-00173-00035528-00035702 senator scott was the sponsor of the
8nLk6q74zB8-00174-00035703-00035855 opportunity zone act at the federal
8nLk6q74zB8-00175-00035856-00036046 level this airport is in an opportunity
8nLk6q74zB8-00176-00036047-00036262 zone and so the conjunction of this
8nLk6q74zB8-00177-00036263-00036439 aeronautics funding bill and the
8nLk6q74zB8-00178-00036440-00036646 opportunity on legislation the federal
8nLk6q74zB8-00179-00036647-00036918 level brought eric and aed to this
8nLk6q74zB8-00180-00036919-00037030 airport we're going to be working on
8nLk6q74zB8-00181-00037031-00037223 that in the months ahead governor that's
8nLk6q74zB8-00182-00037224-00037439 going to be a great another aeronautics
8nLk6q74zB8-00183-00037440-00037687 jobs aviation jobs in south carolina new
8nLk6q74zB8-00184-00037688-00037855 investment to our state
8nLk6q74zB8-00185-00037856-00038071 additionally this helps to again unlock
8nLk6q74zB8-00186-00038072-00038271 federal matching funds for airport
8nLk6q74zB8-00187-00038272-00038471 development including new airports and
8nLk6q74zB8-00188-00038472-00038695 the neighboring county uh cherokee
8nLk6q74zB8-00189-00038696-00038879 county as my friend senator harvey
8nLk6q74zB8-00190-00038880-00039030 peeler who's the president of the south
8nLk6q74zB8-00191-00039031-00039246 the south kona senate has been working
8nLk6q74zB8-00192-00039247-00039423 to ensure that an airport is brought to
8nLk6q74zB8-00193-00039424-00039599 cherokee county to help with economic
8nLk6q74zB8-00194-00039600-00039871 development there and this bill being
8nLk6q74zB8-00195-00039872-00040079 passed and the federal matching funds it
8nLk6q74zB8-00196-00040080-00040271 will unleash will allow us to move
8nLk6q74zB8-00197-00040272-00040407 forward and i know james stevens is
8nLk6q74zB8-00198-00040408-00040535 going to work on this to help senator
8nLk6q74zB8-00199-00040536-00040727 peeler get an airport in cherokee county
8nLk6q74zB8-00200-00040728-00040871 and that's gonna be a huge win for not
8nLk6q74zB8-00201-00040872-00041030 only for cherokee but for spartanburg
8nLk6q74zB8-00202-00041031-00041207 and the whole state and so i'm really
8nLk6q74zB8-00203-00041208-00041430 excited about about that and i would be
8nLk6q74zB8-00204-00041431-00041607 remiss if i didn't say thanks to senator
8nLk6q74zB8-00205-00041608-00041767 scott talley he's kind of hiding the
8nLk6q74zB8-00206-00041768-00041974 back but senator talley worked very hard
8nLk6q74zB8-00207-00041975-00042158 to ensure that this bill became law and
8nLk6q74zB8-00208-00042159-00042287 worked very hard to get it through the
8nLk6q74zB8-00209-00042288-00042558 senate so senator talley thank you sir
8nLk6q74zB8-00210-00042559-00042758 i appreciate that and with that it's my
8nLk6q74zB8-00211-00042759-00042927 honor to introduce the president of the
8nLk6q74zB8-00212-00042928-00043167 south kind of senate a man who's
8nLk6q74zB8-00213-00043168-00043302 who knows the ins and outs of how to
8nLk6q74zB8-00214-00043303-00043471 make sure good legislation is passed in
8nLk6q74zB8-00215-00043472-00043630 this state who works hard with the
8nLk6q74zB8-00216-00043631-00043799 finance committee as well the president
8nLk6q74zB8-00217-00043800-00043951 of the state senate senator harvey
8nLk6q74zB8-00218-00043952-00044234 peeler
8nLk6q74zB8-00219-00044235-00044599 [Music]
8nLk6q74zB8-00220-00044600-00044862 thank you look in the sky it's a bird
8nLk6q74zB8-00221-00044863-00045183 it's a plane it's superman no
8nLk6q74zB8-00222-00045184-00045727 it's josh kimbrell
8nLk6q74zB8-00223-00045728-00045951 the reason i say that
8nLk6q74zB8-00224-00045952-00046167 is it's so seldom that a freshman
8nLk6q74zB8-00225-00046168-00046439 senator can accomplish so much
8nLk6q74zB8-00226-00046440-00046583 so quickly
8nLk6q74zB8-00227-00046584-00046767 it wasn't long after he got elected he
8nLk6q74zB8-00228-00046768-00046918 called me and said
8nLk6q74zB8-00229-00046919-00047111 mr president i'd like to meet with you
8nLk6q74zB8-00230-00047112-00047255 and have breakfast stuff at denny's one
8nLk6q74zB8-00231-00047256-00047495 morning i did we sat down he immediately
8nLk6q74zB8-00232-00047496-00047583 said
8nLk6q74zB8-00233-00047584-00047815 senator i want to help you land an
8nLk6q74zB8-00234-00047816-00048279 airport in cherokee county pun intended
8nLk6q74zB8-00235-00048280-00048455 when i looked at him i said
8nLk6q74zB8-00236-00048456-00048758 you know i'm going to like this guy
8nLk6q74zB8-00237-00048759-00048958 because we've been working for years
8nLk6q74zB8-00238-00048959-00049190 governor to try to get an airport in
8nLk6q74zB8-00239-00049191-00049462 syracuse county and hopefully this will
8nLk6q74zB8-00240-00049463-00049599 be one of the
8nLk6q74zB8-00241-00049600-00049751 important pieces of
8nLk6q74zB8-00242-00049752-00049958 the puzzle to be able to have that
8nLk6q74zB8-00243-00049959-00050286 airport in cherokee county
8nLk6q74zB8-00244-00050287-00050479 thank you so much for helping with this
8nLk6q74zB8-00245-00050480-00050711 thank you for this today
8nLk6q74zB8-00246-00050712-00050927 now i'm charged with introducing henry
8nLk6q74zB8-00247-00050928-00051375 mcmaster
8nLk6q74zB8-00248-00051376-00051550 the responsibility of
8nLk6q74zB8-00249-00051551-00051750 introducing henry mcmaster to a south
8nLk6q74zB8-00250-00051751-00051870 carolinian
8nLk6q74zB8-00251-00051871-00052070 is like trying to explain
8nLk6q74zB8-00252-00052071-00052654 the big peach to somebody from gaffney
8nLk6q74zB8-00253-00052655-00053023 [Applause]
8nLk6q74zB8-00254-00053024-00053303 but sam said read this read this i said
8nLk6q74zB8-00255-00053304-00053542 i will he's leading south carolina in
8nLk6q74zB8-00256-00053544-00053694 excitement development
8nLk6q74zB8-00257-00053695-00054063 creating over 45 000 new jobs and over
8nLk6q74zB8-00258-00054064-00054287 14 billion with a b
8nLk6q74zB8-00259-00054288-00054623 dollars in new capital investment
8nLk6q74zB8-00260-00054624-00054926 he actively promoted
8nLk6q74zB8-00261-00054927-00055199 and championed and made the
8nLk6q74zB8-00262-00055200-00055487 new aviation fund a reality
8nLk6q74zB8-00263-00055488-00055654 he knows the changes will benefit
8nLk6q74zB8-00264-00055655-00055766 smaller
8nLk6q74zB8-00265-00055767-00055982 airports and provide
8nLk6q74zB8-00266-00055983-00056215 development in rural areas like cherokee
8nLk6q74zB8-00267-00056216-00056359 county
8nLk6q74zB8-00268-00056360-00056566 we are fortunate to have him as our
8nLk6q74zB8-00269-00056567-00056838 leader during this time in the state's
8nLk6q74zB8-00270-00056839-00056935 history
8nLk6q74zB8-00271-00056936-00057126 please join me in welcoming
8nLk6q74zB8-00272-00057127-00057795 our governor henrik mcmaster thank you
8nLk6q74zB8-00273-00057796-00057959 [Music]
8nLk6q74zB8-00274-00057960-00058215 the first lady who is a spartanburg born
8nLk6q74zB8-00275-00058216-00058375 bred and married
8nLk6q74zB8-00276-00058376-00058454 uh
8nLk6q74zB8-00277-00058455-00058630 sends her guards wish she could be here
8nLk6q74zB8-00278-00058632-00058871 but she's doing something else right now
8nLk6q74zB8-00279-00058872-00059071 and her mama's home here which is
8nLk6q74zB8-00280-00059072-00059223 lawrence county
8nLk6q74zB8-00281-00059224-00059438 senator peter thank you senator peters
8nLk6q74zB8-00282-00059439-00059623 say airports are just like opinions
8nLk6q74zB8-00283-00059624-00059894 everybody ought to have at least one
8nLk6q74zB8-00284-00059895-00060135 that we're working on
8nLk6q74zB8-00285-00060136-00060303 people seem to be coming to south
8nLk6q74zB8-00286-00060304-00060463 carolina from all over and i'll tell you
8nLk6q74zB8-00287-00060464-00060623 a quick story some of you may have heard
8nLk6q74zB8-00288-00060624-00060782 about the fellow that was his traveling
8nLk6q74zB8-00289-00060783-00060991 salesman and he was going all around the
8nLk6q74zB8-00290-00060991-00061223 country and he was up in minnesota or
8nLk6q74zB8-00291-00061224-00061454 someplace and went into a church he
8nLk6q74zB8-00292-00061455-00061735 liked to go if he's in town on sunday
8nLk6q74zB8-00293-00061736-00061903 find a church and go to went to a little
8nLk6q74zB8-00294-00061904-00061999 church
8nLk6q74zB8-00295-00062000-00062166 and we went to the little social hall
8nLk6q74zB8-00296-00062167-00062366 afterwards he saw a pay phone y'all
8nLk6q74zB8-00297-00062367-00062519 remember what a pay phone some of y'all
8nLk6q74zB8-00298-00062520-00062687 do some of y'all you ain't got to raise
8nLk6q74zB8-00299-00062688-00062879 your hand but i know some of this crowd
8nLk6q74zB8-00300-00062879-00063079 knows what a pay phone and he saw a
8nLk6q74zB8-00301-00063079-00063263 little sign that said calls to heaven
8nLk6q74zB8-00302-00063264-00063487 ten dollars i thought my goodness what
8nLk6q74zB8-00303-00063488-00063726 is what this world well he went to this
8nLk6q74zB8-00304-00063727-00063919 town that town and one another town went
8nLk6q74zB8-00305-00063920-00064079 to church went to the soldier hall it
8nLk6q74zB8-00306-00064079-00064254 was a pay phone there's a little sign
8nLk6q74zB8-00307-00064255-00064566 saw calls to heaven ten dollars so he
8nLk6q74zB8-00308-00064567-00064726 started looking everywhere he went and
8nLk6q74zB8-00309-00064727-00064903 sure enough here and there all over the
8nLk6q74zB8-00310-00064904-00065063 country saw those little signs came to
8nLk6q74zB8-00311-00065064-00065303 south carolina went to the little church
8nLk6q74zB8-00312-00065304-00065519 went to the little social hall showed up
8nLk6q74zB8-00313-00065520-00065759 pay phone little sign said calls to
8nLk6q74zB8-00314-00065760-00065935 heaven ten cents
8nLk6q74zB8-00315-00065936-00066103 he found the preacher said what's going
8nLk6q74zB8-00316-00066104-00066350 on here why calls to him ten cents and
8nLk6q74zB8-00317-00066351-00066511 everybody else is ten dollars he says
8nLk6q74zB8-00318-00066512-00066743 well cause to heaven south carolina a
8nLk6q74zB8-00319-00066744-00067294 local call
8nLk6q74zB8-00320-00067295-00067487 we all know that we know the history of
8nLk6q74zB8-00321-00067488-00067703 aviation has been very interesting i
8nLk6q74zB8-00322-00067704-00067887 read the other day that just i think it
8nLk6q74zB8-00323-00067888-00068071 was just months before the wright
8nLk6q74zB8-00324-00068072-00068263 brothers took off at kitty hawk north
8nLk6q74zB8-00325-00068264-00068519 carolina that the new york times had a
8nLk6q74zB8-00326-00068520-00068750 feature article saying that airplane
8nLk6q74zB8-00327-00068751-00068935 travel is at least a million or a
8nLk6q74zB8-00328-00068936-00069206 million and a half years off
8nLk6q74zB8-00329-00069207-00069423 and general i think it's colonel then
8nLk6q74zB8-00330-00069424-00069615 but later general billy mitchell after
8nLk6q74zB8-00331-00069616-00069750 world war
8nLk6q74zB8-00332-00069751-00070126 one was berating the army and
8nLk6q74zB8-00333-00070127-00070399 brass and the department of defense for
8nLk6q74zB8-00334-00070400-00070582 not having air power and they
8nLk6q74zB8-00335-00070583-00070743 court-martialed him
8nLk6q74zB8-00336-00070744-00070959 because it because of his criticism of
8nLk6q74zB8-00337-00070960-00071247 the policy well we know today how
8nLk6q74zB8-00338-00071248-00071423 important it is and not only is it
8nLk6q74zB8-00339-00071424-00071694 important to have large airports
8nLk6q74zB8-00340-00071695-00071862 for people to travel
8nLk6q74zB8-00341-00071863-00072071 way away and come from way away but we
8nLk6q74zB8-00342-00072072-00072223 have to have we have to have airports
8nLk6q74zB8-00343-00072224-00072479 everywhere because that is as today is
8nLk6q74zB8-00344-00072480-00072694 as an indispensable means of
8nLk6q74zB8-00345-00072695-00072950 transportation as a telephone of your
8nLk6q74zB8-00346-00072951-00073206 cell phone is for communication and when
8nLk6q74zB8-00347-00073207-00073415 we have the glorious
8nLk6q74zB8-00348-00073416-00073694 assets natural resources and people and
8nLk6q74zB8-00349-00073695-00073871 the opportunities that we have in south
8nLk6q74zB8-00350-00073872-00074119 carolina we can't let anything hold us
8nLk6q74zB8-00351-00074120-00074199 back
8nLk6q74zB8-00352-00074200-00074438 so this here is we are opening more
8nLk6q74zB8-00353-00074439-00074631 doors for the people of south carolina
8nLk6q74zB8-00354-00074632-00074791 and the reason companies are coming to
8nLk6q74zB8-00355-00074792-00074943 south carolina
8nLk6q74zB8-00356-00074944-00075087 because of the
8nLk6q74zB8-00357-00075088-00075303 natural resources because of the
8nLk6q74zB8-00358-00075304-00075471 beautiful weather because of a lot of
8nLk6q74zB8-00359-00075472-00075671 things but it's mainly when you get down
8nLk6q74zB8-00360-00075672-00075831 to it and they've told me because of the
8nLk6q74zB8-00361-00075832-00075926 people
8nLk6q74zB8-00362-00075927-00076159 so we have to have a way that tells us
8nLk6q74zB8-00363-00076160-00076367 that our people are strong and we have
8nLk6q74zB8-00364-00076368-00076550 to have a way for our people to move
8nLk6q74zB8-00365-00076551-00076775 among each other to go to places and for
8nLk6q74zB8-00366-00076776-00076975 people to come here to work with us so
8nLk6q74zB8-00367-00076976-00077191 this is a great step forward and i want
8nLk6q74zB8-00368-00077192-00077471 to congratulate all those uh involved
8nLk6q74zB8-00369-00077472-00077775 notably senator kimbrel as well as to
8nLk6q74zB8-00370-00077776-00078087 senator peeler and senator talley and
8nLk6q74zB8-00371-00078088-00078247 others that worked so hard on this to
8nLk6q74zB8-00372-00078248-00078455 get it done it's it's been a while
8nLk6q74zB8-00373-00078456-00078615 coming but it's here and now and she's
8nLk6q74zB8-00374-00078616-00078806 just at the right time and ladies and
8nLk6q74zB8-00375-00078807-00078967 gentlemen i can promise you and you tell
8nLk6q74zB8-00376-00078968-00079143 all the children south carolina's going
8nLk6q74zB8-00377-00079144-00079319 straight to the top there's not another
8nLk6q74zB8-00378-00079320-00079511 place like in the whole world always be
8nLk6q74zB8-00379-00079512-00079799 proud of south carolina now let's sign
8nLk6q74zB8-00380-00079800-00080303 them up oh do we have any questions
8nLk6q74zB8-00381-00080304-00080743 do i have any answers
8nLk6q74zB8-00382-00080744-00080926 all right
8nLk6q74zB8-00383-00080927-00081223 sign them up okay
8nLk6q74zB8-00384-00081224-00083494 watch this
8nLk6q74zB8-00385-00083495-00084206 thank you
8nLk6q74zB8-00386-00084207-00086071 oh
8nLk6q74zB8-00387-00086072-00087479 [Applause]
8nLk6q74zB8-00388-00087480-00087819 thank you very much
9139mB2IGCY-00000-00000056-00000292 hey it's Katrina saw way here the
9139mB2IGCY-00001-00000293-00000482 JumpStart forbids coats with jumpstart
9139mB2IGCY-00002-00000483-00000869 your marketing.com and jump-start your
9139mB2IGCY-00003-00000869-00001127 website dotnet which is what I want to
9139mB2IGCY-00004-00001128-00001354 talk to you about today in a video tip
9139mB2IGCY-00005-00001355-00001709 all about your website I've had lots of
9139mB2IGCY-00006-00001710-00001951 conversations lately with newer business
9139mB2IGCY-00007-00001952-00002242 owners trying to figure out okay what
9139mB2IGCY-00008-00002243-00002500 kind of website do I get what do I need
9139mB2IGCY-00009-00002501-00002860 how many pages how do I get people on my
9139mB2IGCY-00010-00002861-00003179 list or to the websites and oh my god we
9139mB2IGCY-00011-00003180-00003377 can be here for three days me teaching
9139mB2IGCY-00012-00003378-00003527 you everything you need to know about
9139mB2IGCY-00013-00003528-00003788 that but here's a few key things I want
9139mB2IGCY-00014-00003789-00003970 you to know when you're planning out a
9139mB2IGCY-00015-00003971-00004274 new website these day and age in this
9139mB2IGCY-00016-00004275-00004577 day and age okay so first of all if
9139mB2IGCY-00017-00004578-00004945 you've never had a website please the
9139mB2IGCY-00018-00004946-00005177 first the only place you should really
9139mB2IGCY-00019-00005178-00005465 go to build a website is wordpress.org
9139mB2IGCY-00020-00005466-00005827 not the dot-com okay and just hear me
9139mB2IGCY-00021-00005828-00005870 out here
9139mB2IGCY-00022-00005871-00006056 I've been in business for 17 years I
9139mB2IGCY-00023-00006057-00006251 don't have time to teach you all the why
9139mB2IGCY-00024-00006252-00006442 why this why that way
9139mB2IGCY-00025-00006443-00006656 why are you suggesting this let me just
9139mB2IGCY-00026-00006656-00006788 tell you what I know you need to know
9139mB2IGCY-00027-00006789-00007148 and just trust that you've to trust to
9139mB2IGCY-00028-00007148-00007360 dress me this videos gonna be an hour
9139mB2IGCY-00029-00007361-00007598 and a half long okay so we're in
9139mB2IGCY-00030-00007598-00007849 Prescott or you actually I don't
9139mB2IGCY-00031-00007850-00008170 recommend that you figure out and choose
9139mB2IGCY-00032-00008172-00008342 a theme because you will undoubtedly
9139mB2IGCY-00033-00008343-00008633 pick a theme that is not the right
9139mB2IGCY-00034-00008634-00008896 layout look and feel or have the right
9139mB2IGCY-00035-00008897-00009152 functionality they just because you
9139mB2IGCY-00036-00009153-00009403 don't know what you don't know okay so I
9139mB2IGCY-00037-00009404-00009760 would right now in 2019
9139mB2IGCY-00038-00009761-00010070 the most common theme that people do
9139mB2IGCY-00039-00010071-00010492 pick from is called DB bi bi and that's
9139mB2IGCY-00040-00010493-00010652 this kind of theme that we build
9139mB2IGCY-00041-00010653-00010970 websites on now currently with clients a
9139mB2IGCY-00042-00010971-00011270 few years ago it was some other types of
9139mB2IGCY-00043-00011271-00011656 beams now its DV is the most common one
9139mB2IGCY-00044-00011657-00011912 because of the functionality the types
9139mB2IGCY-00045-00011913-00012128 of different templates the layout look
9139mB2IGCY-00046-00012129-00012563 and feel the ease of use in behind the
9139mB2IGCY-00047-00012564-00012877 website doesn't require any coding to
9139mB2IGCY-00048-00012878-00013105 have cool graphics and things like that
9139mB2IGCY-00049-00013106-00013391 in fact a lot of the pages come set with
9139mB2IGCY-00050-00013391-00013628 the graphics already which is kind of
9139mB2IGCY-00051-00013629-00013913 cool so you can just plug and play and
9139mB2IGCY-00052-00013913-00014095 move things around and drag-and-drop the
9139mB2IGCY-00053-00014096-00014242 things you want these days in the
9139mB2IGCY-00054-00014243-00014441 backend of your website the reason I
9139mB2IGCY-00055-00014441-00014689 don't suggest things like Squarespace
9139mB2IGCY-00056-00014690-00015013 coaches console Wix or Weebly is the
9139mB2IGCY-00057-00015015-00015221 primary reason is it's not a search
9139mB2IGCY-00058-00015222-00015505 engine friendly okay the second reason
9139mB2IGCY-00059-00015506-00015787 is it doesn't have the capability to add
9139mB2IGCY-00060-00015788-00015977 a bunch of plugins like WordPress does
9139mB2IGCY-00061-00015978-00016333 but gives you a ton more functionality
9139mB2IGCY-00062-00016334-00016567 and ease of use for you and your
9139mB2IGCY-00063-00016568-00016837 visitors so if you're starting a new
9139mB2IGCY-00064-00016838-00017053 website don't even think about those
9139mB2IGCY-00065-00017054-00017305 tools please because you will build it
9139mB2IGCY-00066-00017306-00017608 might be less expensive but in the long
9139mB2IGCY-00067-00017609-00017728 run you're gonna have to move your
9139mB2IGCY-00068-00017729-00017908 website to WordPress within a year or
9139mB2IGCY-00069-00017909-00018224 two anyways max and keep in mind that
9139mB2IGCY-00070-00018225-00018436 you're probably gonna have to redo your
9139mB2IGCY-00071-00018437-00018722 website and redesign and watch whole new
9139mB2IGCY-00072-00018723-00019061 website every couple of years now okay
9139mB2IGCY-00073-00019062-00019322 because technology changes all the time
9139mB2IGCY-00074-00019323-00019567 because of the internet changes and the
9139mB2IGCY-00075-00019568-00019877 capability of what we're what what is
9139mB2IGCY-00076-00019878-00020134 capable on your website you're going to
9139mB2IGCY-00077-00020135-00020437 want to set a web update budget every
9139mB2IGCY-00078-00020438-00020833 couple of years and/or enlist a good web
9139mB2IGCY-00079-00020834-00021097 designer web mess or web developer or
9139mB2IGCY-00080-00021098-00021409 techy virtual assistant that can help
9139mB2IGCY-00081-00021410-00021634 you maintain your website for a theater
9139mB2IGCY-00082-00021635-00021752 because you're not going to be able to
9139mB2IGCY-00083-00021753-00021922 build it and then leave it alone for a
9139mB2IGCY-00084-00021923-00022171 year that's just not a smart move it's
9139mB2IGCY-00085-00022172-00022396 kind of a constantly need updates for
9139mB2IGCY-00086-00022397-00022675 the plugins for the pages for the themes
9139mB2IGCY-00087-00022676-00022819 and all this kind of stuff and you have
9139mB2IGCY-00088-00022820-00023068 to stay on top of that or you might try
9139mB2IGCY-00089-00023069-00023221 to look at your website one day and poof
9139mB2IGCY-00090-00023222-00023446 it's gone because hackers have Batman
9139mB2IGCY-00091-00023447-00023711 it's so common I don't know Wedding them
9139mB2IGCY-00092-00023712-00023983 do that and why why they target as small
9139mB2IGCY-00093-00023984-00024268 businesses but they do and if you're not
9139mB2IGCY-00094-00024269-00024469 prepared with backups and different
9139mB2IGCY-00095-00024470-00024715 things and updating your website then
9139mB2IGCY-00096-00024716-00024994 that's more likely going to happen to
9139mB2IGCY-00097-00024995-00025324 you okay so to prevent that we want to
9139mB2IGCY-00098-00025325-00025534 make sure your in WordPress you have a
9139mB2IGCY-00099-00025535-00025742 professionally designed website please
9139mB2IGCY-00100-00025743-00026006 you don't have to spend $10,000 on the
9139mB2IGCY-00101-00026007-00026258 website now I know people to church
9139mB2IGCY-00102-00026258-00026414 fifty thousand dollars
9139mB2IGCY-00103-00026416-00026781 website which i think is insane um
9139mB2IGCY-00104-00026782-00027132 either 10,000 now my website jumpstart
9139mB2IGCY-00105-00027133-00027363 your marketing calm I've been getting
9139mB2IGCY-00106-00027364-00027614 new quotes lately to do redo my website
9139mB2IGCY-00107-00027616-00027864 at this stage because I know I need a
9139mB2IGCY-00108-00027864-00028149 new website and my team is capable and I
9139mB2IGCY-00109-00028150-00028350 know what to put on it but I'm just kind
9139mB2IGCY-00110-00028351-00028500 of feeling out some different price
9139mB2IGCY-00111-00028501-00028652 points as if someone was going to
9139mB2IGCY-00112-00028654-00028893 rebuild my site for me a little simpler
9139mB2IGCY-00113-00028894-00029226 than it is now frankly but I'm getting
9139mB2IGCY-00114-00029227-00029373 quotes between eight and ten thousand
9139mB2IGCY-00115-00029374-00029564 dollars because I have a very in-depth
9139mB2IGCY-00116-00029566-00029733 website but I've been doing this a long
9139mB2IGCY-00117-00029733-00029883 long time and I have a lot of stuff
9139mB2IGCY-00118-00029883-00030108 right now if you're just starting out
9139mB2IGCY-00119-00030108-00030354 you're gonna need somewhere between ten
9139mB2IGCY-00120-00030355-00030654 and twenty pages usually it's right
9139mB2IGCY-00121-00030655-00030966 around 12 to 15 pages that most business
9139mB2IGCY-00122-00030967-00031185 owners need to start with you have to
9139mB2IGCY-00123-00031186-00031458 trust me on this if you're only thinking
9139mB2IGCY-00124-00031458-00031701 on you only need a couple pages a home
9139mB2IGCY-00125-00031702-00031920 and about a contact or services page
9139mB2IGCY-00126-00031920-00032202 you're sorely mistaken you're not going
9139mB2IGCY-00127-00032202-00032430 to build a website that is going to be
9139mB2IGCY-00128-00032431-00032676 easy for your clients and you're
9139mB2IGCY-00129-00032677-00032832 certainly not gonna be able to sell on
9139mB2IGCY-00130-00032833-00033210 just I mean you can it's not a
9139mB2IGCY-00131-00033211-00033429 black-and-white kind of scenario but you
9139mB2IGCY-00132-00033430-00033666 need you need to be able to build your
9139mB2IGCY-00133-00033667-00033888 website for those people who don't know
9139mB2IGCY-00134-00033889-00034155 you yet you don't build it for someone
9139mB2IGCY-00135-00034156-00034434 who your clients are already you have to
9139mB2IGCY-00136-00034435-00034617 build it for people that your ideal
9139mB2IGCY-00137-00034618-00034890 clients who have no idea who you are
9139mB2IGCY-00138-00034891-00035184 it's okay so that means you have to tell
9139mB2IGCY-00139-00035185-00035460 them everything that they potentially
9139mB2IGCY-00140-00035461-00035772 need to know in order to even connect
9139mB2IGCY-00141-00035773-00035994 with your contacts you like most people
9139mB2IGCY-00142-00035995-00036186 will not call you and they will not
9139mB2IGCY-00143-00036187-00036435 email you from your website okay unless
9139mB2IGCY-00144-00036436-00036729 you're a plumber and they're their
9139mB2IGCY-00145-00036730-00036990 plumbing just went out right so they're
9139mB2IGCY-00146-00036991-00037245 not gonna come and urgently call you or
9139mB2IGCY-00147-00037246-00037338 email you
9139mB2IGCY-00148-00037339-00037647 they might however and this is what we
9139mB2IGCY-00149-00037648-00037863 want them to do is we want them to give
9139mB2IGCY-00150-00037864-00038031 you their name and email perhaps their
9139mB2IGCY-00151-00038032-00038397 phone number in order to get a little
9139mB2IGCY-00152-00038398-00038616 bit of information from you perhaps
9139mB2IGCY-00153-00038617-00038793 that's going to solve the problem that
9139mB2IGCY-00154-00038794-00038976 they have so they're looking for
9139mB2IGCY-00155-00038977-00039213 solutions to their problems so you're
9139mB2IGCY-00156-00039214-00039369 not addressing their problem on your
9139mB2IGCY-00157-00039370-00039550 website then that's your
9139mB2IGCY-00158-00039551-00039793 second in the state because if you built
9139mB2IGCY-00159-00039794-00039972 it in the wrong place that's your first
9139mB2IGCY-00160-00039973-00040255 most people who try to go and build a
9139mB2IGCY-00161-00040256-00040525 new website will say welcome to my
9139mB2IGCY-00162-00040526-00040711 website here's what you need to know
9139mB2IGCY-00163-00040712-00040894 about me and here's my services and this
9139mB2IGCY-00164-00040895-00041113 is who I am this is my credibility and
9139mB2IGCY-00165-00041114-00041521 and you know this come in contact and
9139mB2IGCY-00166-00041522-00041887 that's fine but nobody wants nobody
9139mB2IGCY-00167-00041888-00042145 cares about you or your business until
9139mB2IGCY-00168-00042146-00042307 they know that you can actually solve
9139mB2IGCY-00169-00042308-00042487 their problem they're not even gonna
9139mB2IGCY-00170-00042488-00042724 scroll down on that first homepage
9139mB2IGCY-00171-00042725-00042970 beyond that humungous picture that you
9139mB2IGCY-00172-00042971-00043156 might think is really cool to put on top
9139mB2IGCY-00173-00043157-00043378 which is not by the way they may not
9139mB2IGCY-00174-00043379-00043576 even scroll past that if they're not
9139mB2IGCY-00175-00043577-00043789 interested in that first headline or
9139mB2IGCY-00176-00043790-00043948 those first few words that are on your
9139mB2IGCY-00177-00043949-00044188 page period end story it might just say
9139mB2IGCY-00178-00044189-00044461 this isn't for me I'm not right and then
9139mB2IGCY-00179-00044462-00044737 they may never come back so thinking and
9139mB2IGCY-00180-00044738-00045016 strategizing and brainstorming on how to
9139mB2IGCY-00181-00045017-00045244 set up your website from what pages to
9139mB2IGCY-00182-00045245-00045505 have what kinds of free or special
9139mB2IGCY-00183-00045506-00045820 offers to have how to get people to give
9139mB2IGCY-00184-00045821-00046051 you their contact information of course
9139mB2IGCY-00185-00046052-00046213 then how to follow up with them and
9139mB2IGCY-00186-00046214-00046537 nurture them in a sequence perhaps or
9139mB2IGCY-00187-00046538-00046792 indirect marketing sequence so that you
9139mB2IGCY-00188-00046793-00046983 can continue to build that relationship
9139mB2IGCY-00189-00046984-00047326 most people don't have any idea of how
9139mB2IGCY-00190-00047327-00047596 to really do that and that is the kind
9139mB2IGCY-00191-00047597-00047842 of thing that I love to help people do
9139mB2IGCY-00192-00047843-00048025 because I don't want you to have to
9139mB2IGCY-00193-00048026-00048238 build another website in five months or
9139mB2IGCY-00194-00048239-00048502 a year from now because you did it and
9139mB2IGCY-00195-00048503-00048691 expensively or trying to do it yourself
9139mB2IGCY-00196-00048692-00049027 or didn't go to the right person to get
9139mB2IGCY-00197-00049028-00049231 the site that you need and even if you
9139mB2IGCY-00198-00049232-00049444 only spent a few hundred dollars on this
9139mB2IGCY-00199-00049445-00049702 first site you're still gonna have to
9139mB2IGCY-00200-00049703-00050154 invest in something more tangible more
9139mB2IGCY-00201-00050155-00050634 thorough perhaps and a lot more personal
9139mB2IGCY-00202-00050635-00050971 personable sooner than later
9139mB2IGCY-00203-00050972-00051127 if you want business from your website
9139mB2IGCY-00204-00051128-00051508 okay so those are just some initial
9139mB2IGCY-00205-00051509-00051765 things to think of there is so much more
9139mB2IGCY-00206-00051766-00051990 that we could talk about
9139mB2IGCY-00207-00051991-00052204 I am super good though at helping you
9139mB2IGCY-00208-00052204-00052432 talk through the words that need to go
9139mB2IGCY-00209-00052433-00052494 on
9139mB2IGCY-00210-00052495-00052734 the webpage figure out the free thing
9139mB2IGCY-00211-00052735-00052890 that you're going to give away and have
9139mB2IGCY-00212-00052891-00053180 it all closed figure out the Thank You
9139mB2IGCY-00213-00053182-00053502 pages and the back-end functionality and
9139mB2IGCY-00214-00053503-00053751 even the look and feel and where to
9139mB2IGCY-00215-00053752-00053982 place things on the page is critical
9139mB2IGCY-00216-00053983-00054189 there's a strategy on how to analyze
9139mB2IGCY-00217-00054190-00054444 that based on what you're selling what
9139mB2IGCY-00218-00054445-00054704 your business is and who your target
9139mB2IGCY-00219-00054705-00054924 market is so it's not the same for
9139mB2IGCY-00220-00054925-00055125 everybody and if you get somebody who
9139mB2IGCY-00221-00055126-00055326 just says well build your site like this
9139mB2IGCY-00222-00055327-00055580 person site well unless you have exactly
9139mB2IGCY-00223-00055582-00055730 the same business on their site was
9139mB2IGCY-00224-00055732-00056013 built awesomely with a sales and
9139mB2IGCY-00225-00056014-00057060 marketing right after that person okay
9139mB2IGCY-00226-00057061-00057360 so be careful where you're going to get
9139mB2IGCY-00227-00057361-00057603 website advice especially in the
9139mB2IGCY-00228-00057604-00058278 beginning because there's a lot and the
9139mB2IGCY-00229-00058279-00058512 people that don't are sometimes the
9139mB2IGCY-00230-00058513-00058701 least expensive or sometimes they're
9139mB2IGCY-00231-00058702-00058829 even more expensive and they're just
9139mB2IGCY-00232-00058830-00058991 really good at selling you into their
9139mB2IGCY-00233-00058992-00059307 package so I would love to offer anybody
9139mB2IGCY-00234-00059308-00059469 who's thinking about starting any
9139mB2IGCY-00235-00059470-00059816 website whether you use our design
9139mB2IGCY-00236-00059817-00060072 services or not you don't have to but
9139mB2IGCY-00237-00060073-00060249 come and talk to me in a web and
9139mB2IGCY-00238-00060250-00060530 planning call where we can actually lay
9139mB2IGCY-00239-00060532-00060813 out a lot of these ideas for you in a
9139mB2IGCY-00240-00060814-00061107 recorded call even on video figure out
9139mB2IGCY-00241-00061108-00061302 your look and feel figure out the free
9139mB2IGCY-00242-00061303-00061583 things figure out the home page layout
9139mB2IGCY-00243-00061584-00061827 technology wise for functionality that
9139mB2IGCY-00244-00061828-00062073 you'll need even some of the content
9139mB2IGCY-00245-00062074-00062250 that you might need to create and even
9139mB2IGCY-00246-00062251-00062373 figure out some of your packages
9139mB2IGCY-00247-00062374-00062670 programs and offers to in one or two
9139mB2IGCY-00248-00062671-00062942 cause honestly I just want to help more
9139mB2IGCY-00249-00062944-00063144 people have more productive businesses
9139mB2IGCY-00250-00063145-00063345 and more profitable businesses and a lot
9139mB2IGCY-00251-00063346-00063516 of that has to do with your website
9139mB2IGCY-00252-00063516-00063708 which needs to be the hub of your
9139mB2IGCY-00253-00063709-00063939 business so please come and talk to me
9139mB2IGCY-00254-00063940-00064194 in one of two ways if you are ready to
9139mB2IGCY-00255-00064195-00064461 jump in with a paid planning call where
9139mB2IGCY-00256-00064462-00064749 we get to work and look wide about and
9139mB2IGCY-00257-00064750-00065064 then I'm getting a really good discount
9139mB2IGCY-00258-00065065-00065394 on a one hour with me to do that because
9139mB2IGCY-00259-00065395-00065652 it's a very targeted thing right and
9139mB2IGCY-00260-00065653-00065751 I'll have you fill out a questionnaire
9139mB2IGCY-00261-00065752-00065985 beforehand but it's a hundred and ninety
9139mB2IGCY-00262-00065986-00066282 seven dollars normally I have about six
9139mB2IGCY-00263-00066283-00066519 hundred dollars an hour okay but I will
9139mB2IGCY-00264-00066520-00066687 like to do this because I don't want you
9139mB2IGCY-00265-00066688-00066858 to go off in the wrong place with your
9139mB2IGCY-00266-00066859-00067008 website I want you to get the
9139mB2IGCY-00267-00067009-00067263 information you need ahead of time so
9139mB2IGCY-00268-00067264-00067551 that you make better decisions in
9139mB2IGCY-00269-00067552-00067806 building the site now you can take that
9139mB2IGCY-00270-00067807-00067959 recording you can give it to a different
9139mB2IGCY-00271-00067960-00068160 web designer and they can go build the
9139mB2IGCY-00272-00068161-00068478 right site for you okay but spend the
9139mB2IGCY-00273-00068479-00068745 money on that kind of a call trust me I
9139mB2IGCY-00274-00068746-00069024 don't refund your money completely if
9139mB2IGCY-00275-00069025-00069231 you don't think you got the value out of
9139mB2IGCY-00276-00069232-00069423 it but it's never happen it will not
9139mB2IGCY-00277-00069424-00069672 happen I there's no way it can happen
9139mB2IGCY-00278-00069673-00069954 okay so if you're ready to dive in with
9139mB2IGCY-00279-00069955-00070134 webmin and cons just sign up today at
9139mB2IGCY-00280-00070135-00070374 one any second seriously and there's
9139mB2IGCY-00281-00070375-00070656 link below to that if you're not sure
9139mB2IGCY-00282-00070657-00070827 yet you don't even know who I am and you
9139mB2IGCY-00283-00070828-00071100 just turn me for the first time then
9139mB2IGCY-00284-00071101-00071316 come and just talk to me a little bit
9139mB2IGCY-00285-00071317-00071487 more maybe in a complimentary strategy
9139mB2IGCY-00286-00071488-00071652 session we can get to know each other
9139mB2IGCY-00287-00071653-00071988 and we can do that okay so that you
9139mB2IGCY-00288-00071989-00072323 would go to ask chat about this it's ASX
9139mB2IGCY-00289-00072324-00072747 KATV I see so you can do that so either
9139mB2IGCY-00290-00072748-00072999 one let's just get started don't wait to
9139mB2IGCY-00291-00073000-00073224 do this I can't tell you how long I'm
9139mB2IGCY-00292-00073225-00073431 gonna have this availability for that
9139mB2IGCY-00293-00073432-00073632 kind of a low price call so you don't
9139mB2IGCY-00294-00073633-00073800 want to wait and you can save it until
9139mB2IGCY-00295-00073801-00074001 you're ready for the website so even if
9139mB2IGCY-00296-00074002-00074088 you're not going to build the website
9139mB2IGCY-00297-00074089-00074373 performance save the planning call now
9139mB2IGCY-00298-00074374-00074613 and you have it when you're ready to to
9139mB2IGCY-00299-00074614-00074820 really much okay have a great day
9139mB2IGCY-00300-00074821-00074874 everyone
9139mB2IGCY-00301-00074875-00075051 and here's to building a bigger
9139mB2IGCY-00302-00075052-00075291 profitable more more successful business
9139mB2IGCY-00303-00075292-00075543 for yourself
92drxJ6Z78M-00000-00000054-00000263 the anomalous transport rocket
92drxJ6Z78M-00001-00000264-00000536 experiment Atrix is a heliophysics
92drxJ6Z78M-00002-00000537-00000812 experiment that was conducted by nasa's
92drxJ6Z78M-00003-00000813-00001037 goddard space flight center out of the
92drxJ6Z78M-00004-00001038-00001277 Wallops Flight Facility located on the
92drxJ6Z78M-00005-00001278-00001566 Eastern Shore of Virginia the mission
92drxJ6Z78M-00006-00001567-00001773 entailed the use of five sounding
92drxJ6Z78M-00007-00001773-00001982 rockets launched closely in time
92drxJ6Z78M-00008-00001984-00002193 together each of which released a
92drxJ6Z78M-00009-00002194-00002385 chemical tracer into the high-altitude
92drxJ6Z78M-00010-00002386-00002763 jet stream the rocket launches were
92drxJ6Z78M-00011-00002764-00002973 widely visible to residents of the
92drxJ6Z78M-00012-00002974-00003206 eastern seaboard from as far north as
92drxJ6Z78M-00013-00003207-00003426 New York to as far south as North
92drxJ6Z78M-00014-00003427-00003672 Carolina while the tracers were visible
92drxJ6Z78M-00015-00003672-00003978 throughout the eastern seaboard Atrix
92drxJ6Z78M-00016-00003979-00004224 principal investigator miguel larson
92drxJ6Z78M-00017-00004225-00004494 said of the chemical tracer release they
92drxJ6Z78M-00018-00004495-00004697 occur in the middle of the night and
92drxJ6Z78M-00019-00004698-00004988 they glow it's not extremely bright but
92drxJ6Z78M-00020-00004989-00005306 it's definitely visible the mission
92drxJ6Z78M-00021-00005307-00005592 operating window was set from March 14th
92drxJ6Z78M-00022-00005593-00005897 to April 3rd 2012 with launch Windows
92drxJ6Z78M-00023-00005898-00006153 expected to occur between 11:00 p.m. and
92drxJ6Z78M-00024-00006154-00006461 6:30 a.m. the following morning local
92drxJ6Z78M-00025-00006462-00006770 time the first launch attempt was
92drxJ6Z78M-00026-00006771-00007005 canceled due to internal radiofrequency
92drxJ6Z78M-00027-00007006-00007280 interference on one of the instrumented
92drxJ6Z78M-00028-00007281-00007605 payloads the malfunction was detected
92drxJ6Z78M-00029-00007606-00007802 during preparations for the launches
92drxJ6Z78M-00030-00007803-00008135 during the evening of March 14th five
92drxJ6Z78M-00031-00008136-00008358 other launch attempts were subsequently
92drxJ6Z78M-00032-00008359-00008696 canceled primarily due to weather the
92drxJ6Z78M-00033-00008697-00008903 launch attempt that took place on the
92drxJ6Z78M-00034-00008904-00009269 evening of March 22 21 reached T 15
92drxJ6Z78M-00035-00009270-00009494 minutes before being put on hold and
92drxJ6Z78M-00036-00009495-00009698 subsequently canceled due to an
92drxJ6Z78M-00037-00009699-00009976 equipment problem and weather conditions
92drxJ6Z78M-00038-00009977-00010280 the launch took place just before the
92drxJ6Z78M-00039-00010281-00010505 launch window closed for the mission at
92drxJ6Z78M-00040-00010506-00010763 5:00 a.m. Eastern Daylight Saving Time
92drxJ6Z78M-00041-00010764-00011567 Tuesday March 27 2012
92drxJ6Z78M-00042-00011568-00012144 topic mission details
92drxJ6Z78M-00043-00012145-00012417 the mission used to terrier improved
92drxJ6Z78M-00044-00012418-00012708 Malamute to terrier improved Orion and
92drxJ6Z78M-00045-00012709-00013071 one Terrier Oriole sounding rockets the
92drxJ6Z78M-00046-00013072-00013319 Rockets were launched within a span of 5
92drxJ6Z78M-00047-00013320-00013593 minutes and 20 seconds with one rocket
92drxJ6Z78M-00048-00013594-00013965 launched every 80 seconds all 5 released
92drxJ6Z78M-00049-00013966-00014196 their chemical tracer payload which is
92drxJ6Z78M-00050-00014197-00014438 made up of trimethyl aluminum at roughly
92drxJ6Z78M-00051-00014440-00014630 the same time while at slightly
92drxJ6Z78M-00052-00014631-00014966 different altitudes two of the rockets
92drxJ6Z78M-00053-00014968-00015207 also carried instruments in order to
92drxJ6Z78M-00054-00015208-00015399 measure atmospheric pressure and
92drxJ6Z78M-00055-00015400-00015594 temperature while three different
92drxJ6Z78M-00056-00015594-00015866 cameras located in North Carolina New
92drxJ6Z78M-00057-00015868-00016040 Jersey and Wallops Flight Facility
92drxJ6Z78M-00058-00016041-00016305 tracked the tracers in order to measure
92drxJ6Z78M-00059-00016306-00016524 how quickly they move away from each
92drxJ6Z78M-00060-00016525-00016745 other
94wQJ6JG1Qy-00000-00000000-00000227 to all my troops out there listen thank
94wQJ6JG1Qy-00001-00000228-00000364 you for all the love and support that
94wQJ6JG1Qy-00002-00000365-00000509 you've done and everything that honoring
94wQJ6JG1Qy-00003-00000509-00000626 the services are given to this country
94wQJ6JG1Qy-00004-00000627-00000836 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and I'm
94wQJ6JG1Qy-00005-00000836-00000983 minute y'all might want to see it if you
94wQJ6JG1Qy-00006-00000984-00001304 want to laugh and get some relief
95fbchk9M6U-00000-00000006-00000275 it's Friday morning of the 2020 virtual
95fbchk9M6U-00001-00000276-00000443 a live conference I was supposed to make
95fbchk9M6U-00002-00000444-00000641 this video weeks ago if I made it at all
95fbchk9M6U-00003-00000642-00000805 but I wasn't sure if I was gonna make it
95fbchk9M6U-00004-00000806-00000970 so if you're actually seeing it's of
95fbchk9M6U-00005-00000971-00001145 course because juniper is unbelievably
95fbchk9M6U-00006-00001146-00001466 awesome so the motivation is hardware
95fbchk9M6U-00007-00001467-00001673 determinism the basis of traditional
95fbchk9M6U-00008-00001673-00001895 computing is unscalable and worse it's
95fbchk9M6U-00009-00001896-00002147 unsecure while traditional computing is
95fbchk9M6U-00010-00002148-00002297 a glass sandwich
95fbchk9M6U-00011-00002298-00002555 it's a bunt redundant and robust in the
95fbchk9M6U-00012-00002556-00002747 small and the large the electronic
95fbchk9M6U-00013-00002748-00002945 circuits and the data center features
95fbchk9M6U-00014-00002946-00003182 but it's efficient and fragile and
95fbchk9M6U-00015-00003183-00003377 unsecure belen the middle and that isn't
95fbchk9M6U-00016-00003378-00003668 chance efficiency implies fragility and
95fbchk9M6U-00017-00003669-00003902 the takeaway is that we as a society
95fbchk9M6U-00018-00003903-00004184 need to stop making excuses for how much
95fbchk9M6U-00019-00004185-00004403 the glass sandwich hurts to eat to
95fbchk9M6U-00020-00004404-00004693 whitter and just stop eating it
95fbchk9M6U-00021-00004694-00004969 furthermore the CPU and RAM model is
95fbchk9M6U-00022-00004970-00005213 philosophically and politically evil it
95fbchk9M6U-00023-00005214-00005461 advocates centralization of control over
95fbchk9M6U-00024-00005462-00005668 ever great resources and the elimination
95fbchk9M6U-00025-00005669-00005911 of intermediate structures there's you
95fbchk9M6U-00026-00005912-00006097 and there's Facebook and nothing in
95fbchk9M6U-00027-00006098-00006397 between when we finally abandon hardware
95fbchk9M6U-00028-00006398-00006589 determinism software will have to carry
95fbchk9M6U-00029-00006590-00006776 some of the load for reliability and
95fbchk9M6U-00030-00006777-00007003 that's a pain but in exchange we are
95fbchk9M6U-00031-00007004-00007238 offered indefinite scalability the
95fbchk9M6U-00032-00007239-00007414 ability to make machines of arbitrary
95fbchk9M6U-00033-00007415-00007592 size that you can even determine after
95fbchk9M6U-00034-00007593-00007781 the fact an indefinitely scalable
95fbchk9M6U-00035-00007781-00008042 architecture must be distributed in
95fbchk9M6U-00036-00008043-00008296 space and we can view it and design it
95fbchk9M6U-00037-00008297-00008612 as some kind of wild cellular automata
95fbchk9M6U-00038-00008613-00008867 full of the sort of Dale a dollar short
95fbchk9M6U-00039-00008868-00009167 dynamics that is typical not of the game
95fbchk9M6U-00040-00009168-00009601 but the reality of life without
95fbchk9M6U-00041-00009602-00009887 centralized totalitarianism we must have
95fbchk9M6U-00042-00009888-00010094 other mechanisms for structuring the
95fbchk9M6U-00043-00010095-00010271 physical resources of the machine across
95fbchk9M6U-00044-00010272-00010513 space and time to allow us to compose
95fbchk9M6U-00045-00010514-00010712 more complex machines out of simpler
95fbchk9M6U-00046-00010713-00010942 ones and in previous years at these Alif
95fbchk9M6U-00047-00010943-00011164 conferences I've shown digital proto
95fbchk9M6U-00048-00011165-00011446 cell membranes as downpayments has steps
95fbchk9M6U-00049-00011447-00011687 towards such space-time structuring and
95fbchk9M6U-00050-00011688-00011969 my heart is still with the cells and
95fbchk9M6U-00051-00011970-00012158 membranes but this year I also asked
95fbchk9M6U-00052-00012159-00012341 myself what is the simplest thing that
95fbchk9M6U-00053-00012342-00012496 could possibly work getting a little
95fbchk9M6U-00054-00012497-00012680 impatient and how can we turn the
95fbchk9M6U-00055-00012681-00012958 challenges into opportunities with
95fbchk9M6U-00056-00012959-00013163 indefinite scalability and this turned
95fbchk9M6U-00057-00013163-00013366 out to be a liberating process for me
95fbchk9M6U-00058-00013368-00013561 you know at first everybody hates the
95fbchk9M6U-00059-00013562-00013733 fact that sites have no global addresses
95fbchk9M6U-00060-00013734-00013897 the how can i compute if I don't know
95fbchk9M6U-00061-00013898-00014144 where I am but what I realized was that
95fbchk9M6U-00062-00014144-00014344 means that objects in those sites can be
95fbchk9M6U-00063-00014345-00014582 moved transparently as long as anything
95fbchk9M6U-00064-00014583-00014722 that they can see that they care about
95fbchk9M6U-00065-00014723-00015011 moves with them they have absolutely no
95fbchk9M6U-00066-00015012-00015221 way that they were to know if they were
95fbchk9M6U-00067-00015222-00015299 even moved
95fbchk9M6U-00068-00015300-00015488 same thing processes have no
95fbchk9M6U-00069-00015488-00015694 synchronization that's a pain but that
95fbchk9M6U-00070-00015695-00015854 means processes can be delayed
95fbchk9M6U-00071-00015855-00016127 transparently by higher price higher
95fbchk9M6U-00072-00016128-00016340 priority processes coming through and
95fbchk9M6U-00073-00016341-00016586 that's what this paper is about so
95fbchk9M6U-00074-00016587-00016742 here's a case where we just have a bunch
95fbchk9M6U-00075-00016743-00017030 of little individual 0d data atoms and
95fbchk9M6U-00076-00017031-00017135 they're just looking at their immediate
95fbchk9M6U-00077-00017136-00017393 neighbors and swapping to try to get
95fbchk9M6U-00078-00017394-00017569 more clumpy get the colors to plop
95fbchk9M6U-00079-00017570-00017750 together they don't really try that hard
95fbchk9M6U-00080-00017751-00017972 because I wanted them to keep moving and
95fbchk9M6U-00081-00017973-00018254 so here's the this is the swap line that
95fbchk9M6U-00082-00018255-00018386 I talked to this bet this a lot on
95fbchk9M6U-00083-00018387-00018647 Monday a 1d structure that self
95fbchk9M6U-00084-00018648-00018917 synchronizes to keep from tearing and it
95fbchk9M6U-00085-00018918-00019219 can also be used to perform large object
95fbchk9M6U-00086-00019220-00019433 motion when you pass a swap line over
95fbchk9M6U-00087-00019434-00019652 some space everything that it passes
95fbchk9M6U-00088-00019653-00019928 over moves one step the other way so
95fbchk9M6U-00089-00019929-00020150 that I demonstrated several years ago
95fbchk9M6U-00090-00020151-00020369 and and I thought that was cool and
95fbchk9M6U-00091-00020370-00020519 large object motion was something that
95fbchk9M6U-00092-00020520-00020683 was a challenge to achieve so it was
95fbchk9M6U-00093-00020684-00020897 kind of nice to do it but what I didn't
95fbchk9M6U-00094-00020898-00021211 realize until this year was that it also
95fbchk9M6U-00095-00021212-00021499 made a handy sort of specialized
95fbchk9M6U-00096-00021500-00021772 MapReduce operation you could pass a
95fbchk9M6U-00097-00021773-00022024 thread across a region of space
95fbchk9M6U-00098-00022025-00022250 accumulating information about it and
95fbchk9M6U-00099-00022251-00022433 then fold the thread down to a single
95fbchk9M6U-00100-00022434-00022691 atom to get the final answer so here's a
95fbchk9M6U-00101-00022692-00022910 case where we emit a thread that proves
95fbchk9M6U-00102-00022911-00023096 that counts up the number of atoms of a
95fbchk9M6U-00103-00023097-00023347 certain type it bounces off a terminator
95fbchk9M6U-00104-00023348-00023546 that causes it to flip directions and
95fbchk9M6U-00105-00023547-00023732 then it comes back to where it started
95fbchk9M6U-00106-00023733-00023986 and the answer is available and with the
95fbchk9M6U-00107-00023987-00024161 possibility of having separate
95fbchk9M6U-00108-00024162-00024544 priorities so that you could say okay
95fbchk9M6U-00109-00024545-00024725 now this line is coming through when
95fbchk9M6U-00110-00024726-00024886 this swap line comes through the other
95fbchk9M6U-00111-00024887-00025222 swap line should defer then we can start
95fbchk9M6U-00112-00025223-00025567 to have composition of larger scales and
95fbchk9M6U-00113-00025568-00025781 smaller scales together and this is the
95fbchk9M6U-00114-00025782-00025952 thing that I just whipped up yesterday
95fbchk9M6U-00115-00025952-00026149 it wasn't actually in the paper the
95fbchk9M6U-00116-00026150-00026312 paper talked about hoping we could do it
95fbchk9M6U-00117-00026313-00026518 here it is so
95fbchk9M6U-00118-00026519-00026791 got a MapReduce operation running that's
95fbchk9M6U-00119-00026792-00027025 performing repeated censuses of a bunch
95fbchk9M6U-00120-00027026-00027295 of data which is sorting itself while
95fbchk9M6U-00121-00027295-00027541 simultaneously the lower priority
95fbchk9M6U-00122-00027542-00027895 process is passing swap lines through it
95fbchk9M6U-00123-00027895-00028408 so the entire computation is moving this
95fbchk9M6U-00124-00028408-00028776 is pretty cool this is progress
95fbchk9M6U-00125-00028777-00029250 it's not quite as organic looking but I
95fbchk9M6U-00126-00029251-00029595 can see how to make this do stuff that's
95fbchk9M6U-00127-00029597-00029785 what the papers about I hope you'll
95fbchk9M6U-00128-00029786-00030043 check it out
95CCSTIadQQ-00000-00000043-00000302 kocha from latin taught us to twist to
95CCSTIadQQ-00001-00000303-00000443 torment is the act of deliberately
95CCSTIadQQ-00002-00000444-00000596 inflicting severe physical or
95CCSTIadQQ-00003-00000597-00000782 psychological suffering on someone by
95CCSTIadQQ-00004-00000783-00000961 another as a punishment or in order to
95CCSTIadQQ-00005-00000963-00001141 fulfill some desire of the torturer or
95CCSTIadQQ-00006-00001142-00001403 for some action from the victim torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00007-00001404-00001558 by definition is our knowing an
95CCSTIadQQ-00008-00001559-00001730 intentional act deeds which unknowingly
95CCSTIadQQ-00009-00001730-00001909 or negligently inflict suffering or pain
95CCSTIadQQ-00010-00001910-00002129 without a specific intent to do so and
95CCSTIadQQ-00011-00002130-00002300 not typically considered torture torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00012-00002301-00002474 has been carried out or sanctioned by
95CCSTIadQQ-00013-00002475-00002663 individuals groups and states throughout
95CCSTIadQQ-00014-00002664-00002858 history from ancient times to modern day
95CCSTIadQQ-00015-00002859-00003052 and forms of torture can vary greatly in
95CCSTIadQQ-00016-00003053-00003242 duration from only a few minutes to
95CCSTIadQQ-00017-00003243-00003488 several days or longer reasons for
95CCSTIadQQ-00018-00003489-00003674 torture can include punishment revenge
95CCSTIadQQ-00019-00003675-00003875 extortion persuasion political
95CCSTIadQQ-00020-00003876-00004103 re-education deterrence coercion of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00021-00004104-00004316 victim or a third party interrogation to
95CCSTIadQQ-00022-00004317-00004460 extract information or a confession
95CCSTIadQQ-00023-00004461-00004645 irrespective of whether it is false or
95CCSTIadQQ-00024-00004646-00004829 simply the sadistic gratification of
95CCSTIadQQ-00025-00004830-00004981 those carrying out or observing the
95CCSTIadQQ-00026-00004982-00005261 torture alternatively some forms of
95CCSTIadQQ-00027-00005262-00005386 torture are designed to inflict
95CCSTIadQQ-00028-00005387-00005561 psychological pain or leave as little
95CCSTIadQQ-00029-00005562-00005774 physical injury or evidence as possible
95CCSTIadQQ-00030-00005775-00005918 while achieving the same psychological
95CCSTIadQQ-00031-00005919-00006193 devastation the torturer may or may not
95CCSTIadQQ-00032-00006194-00006388 kill or injure the victim but torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00033-00006389-00006545 may result in the deliberate death and
95CCSTIadQQ-00034-00006545-00006739 serves as a form of capital punishment
95CCSTIadQQ-00035-00006740-00006977 depending on the aim even a form of
95CCSTIadQQ-00036-00006978-00007151 torture that is intentionally fatal may
95CCSTIadQQ-00037-00007152-00007295 be prolonged to allow the victim to
95CCSTIadQQ-00038-00007295-00007475 suffer as long as possible such as half
95CCSTIadQQ-00039-00007476-00007751 hanging in other cases the torturer may
95CCSTIadQQ-00040-00007752-00007898 be indifferent to the condition of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00041-00007898-00008183 victim although torture is sanctioned by
95CCSTIadQQ-00042-00008184-00008342 some states it is prohibited under
95CCSTIadQQ-00043-00008343-00008519 international law and the domestic laws
95CCSTIadQQ-00044-00008520-00008744 of most countries although widely
95CCSTIadQQ-00045-00008745-00008912 illegal and revolved there is an ongoing
95CCSTIadQQ-00046-00008913-00009092 debate as to what exactly is and is not
95CCSTIadQQ-00047-00009093-00009338 legally defined as torture it is a
95CCSTIadQQ-00048-00009339-00009556 serious violation of human rights and is
95CCSTIadQQ-00049-00009557-00009719 declared to be unacceptable but not
95CCSTIadQQ-00050-00009720-00009956 illegal by article 5 of the UN Universal
95CCSTIadQQ-00051-00009957-00010223 Declaration of Human Rights signatories
95CCSTIadQQ-00052-00010224-00010466 of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and
95CCSTIadQQ-00053-00010467-00010639 the Additional Protocol Zion two of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00054-00010640-00010880 eighth the June 1977 officially agree
95CCSTIadQQ-00055-00010881-00011063 not to torture captured persons in armed
95CCSTIadQQ-00056-00011064-00011221 conflicts whether international or
95CCSTIadQQ-00057-00011222-00011495 internal culture is also prohibited for
95CCSTIadQQ-00058-00011496-00011627 the signatories of the United Nations
95CCSTIadQQ-00059-00011628-00011945 Convention Against Torture which has 163
95CCSTIadQQ-00060-00011946-00012139 state parties national and international
95CCSTIadQQ-00061-00012140-00012320 legal prohibitions on torture derived
95CCSTIadQQ-00062-00012321-00012473 from a consensus that torture and
95CCSTIadQQ-00063-00012474-00012623 similar Hill treatment are immoral as
95CCSTIadQQ-00064-00012624-00012802 well as impractical and information
95CCSTIadQQ-00065-00012803-00012994 obtained by torture is far less reliable
95CCSTIadQQ-00066-00012995-00013180 than that obtained by other techniques
95CCSTIadQQ-00067-00013181-00013403 despite these findings in Internet
95CCSTIadQQ-00068-00013404-00013600 conventions organizations that monitor
95CCSTIadQQ-00069-00013601-00013844 abuses of human rights eg Amnesty
95CCSTIadQQ-00070-00013844-00013963 International the International
95CCSTIadQQ-00071-00013963-00014155 rehabilitation council for torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00072-00014156-00014395 victims freedom from torture etc report
95CCSTIadQQ-00073-00014396-00014572 widespread use condoned by states in
95CCSTIadQQ-00074-00014573-00014716 many regions of the world
95CCSTIadQQ-00075-00014716-00014956 Amnesty International estimates that at
95CCSTIadQQ-00076-00014957-00015139 least 81 world governments currently
95CCSTIadQQ-00077-00015140-00015802 practice torture some of them openly
95CCSTIadQQ-00078-00015803-00016620 topic definitions
95CCSTIadQQ-00079-00016621-00017425 topic international level
95CCSTIadQQ-00080-00017426-00018071 topic UN Convention Against Torture the
95CCSTIadQQ-00081-00018072-00018244 United Nations Convention Against
95CCSTIadQQ-00082-00018245-00018416 Torture and other cruel inhuman or
95CCSTIadQQ-00083-00018417-00018596 degrading treatment or punishment which
95CCSTIadQQ-00084-00018597-00018800 is currently enforced since the 26th of
95CCSTIadQQ-00085-00018801-00019069 June 1987 provides a broad definition of
95CCSTIadQQ-00086-00019070-00019349 torture particle 1.1 of the UN
95CCSTIadQQ-00087-00019350-00019622 Convention Against Torture reads for the
95CCSTIadQQ-00088-00019623-00019780 purpose of this convention the term
95CCSTIadQQ-00089-00019781-00020044 torture means any act by which severe
95CCSTIadQQ-00090-00020045-00020228 pain or suffering whether physical or
95CCSTIadQQ-00091-00020229-00020402 mental is intentionally inflicted on a
95CCSTIadQQ-00092-00020403-00020588 person for such purposes as obtaining
95CCSTIadQQ-00093-00020589-00020786 from him or a third person information
95CCSTIadQQ-00094-00020787-00020975 or a confession punishing him for an act
95CCSTIadQQ-00095-00020976-00021172 he or a third person has committed or is
95CCSTIadQQ-00096-00021173-00021305 suspected of having committed or
95CCSTIadQQ-00097-00021306-00021503 intimidating or coercing him or a third
95CCSTIadQQ-00098-00021504-00021677 person or for any reason based on
95CCSTIadQQ-00099-00021678-00021866 discrimination of any kind when such
95CCSTIadQQ-00100-00021867-00022061 pain or suffering is inflicted by or at
95CCSTIadQQ-00101-00022062-00022225 the instigation of or with the consent
95CCSTIadQQ-00102-00022226-00022415 or acquiescence of a public official or
95CCSTIadQQ-00103-00022416-00022538 other person acting in an official
95CCSTIadQQ-00104-00022539-00022832 capacity it does not include pain or
95CCSTIadQQ-00105-00022833-00023039 suffering arising only from inherent in
95CCSTIadQQ-00106-00023040-00023357 or incidental to lawful sanctions this
95CCSTIadQQ-00107-00023358-00023549 definition was restricted to apply only
95CCSTIadQQ-00108-00023550-00023699 to nations into government-sponsored
95CCSTIadQQ-00109-00023700-00023888 torture and clearly limits the torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00110-00023889-00024047 to that perpetrated directly or
95CCSTIadQQ-00111-00024048-00024209 indirectly by those acting in an
95CCSTIadQQ-00112-00024210-00024374 official capacity such as government
95CCSTIadQQ-00113-00024375-00024581 personnel law enforcement personnel
95CCSTIadQQ-00114-00024582-00024806 medical personnel military personnel or
95CCSTIadQQ-00115-00024807-00025087 politicians it appears to exclude
95CCSTIadQQ-00116-00025088-00025361 torture perpetrated by gangs hate groups
95CCSTIadQQ-00117-00025362-00025568 rebels or terrorists to ignore national
95CCSTIadQQ-00118-00025569-00025870 or international mandate random violence
95CCSTIadQQ-00119-00025872-00026150 during war and punishment allowed by
95CCSTIadQQ-00120-00026151-00026308 national laws even if the punishment
95CCSTIadQQ-00121-00026310-00026515 uses techniques similar to those used by
95CCSTIadQQ-00122-00026516-00026735 torturers such as mutilation whipping or
95CCSTIadQQ-00123-00026736-00026900 corporal punishment when practiced as
95CCSTIadQQ-00124-00026901-00027155 lawful punishment some professionals in
95CCSTIadQQ-00125-00027156-00027340 the torture rehabilitation field believe
95CCSTIadQQ-00126-00027341-00027473 that this definition is too restrictive
95CCSTIadQQ-00127-00027474-00027658 and that the definition of politically
95CCSTIadQQ-00128-00027660-00027833 motivated torture should be broadened to
95CCSTIadQQ-00129-00027833-00028466 include all acts of organized violence
95CCSTIadQQ-00130-00028467-00029082 topic declaration of Tokyo an even
95CCSTIadQQ-00131-00029083-00029331 broader definition was used in the 1975
95CCSTIadQQ-00132-00029332-00029520 declaration of Tokyo regarding the
95CCSTIadQQ-00133-00029520-00029664 participation of medical professionals
95CCSTIadQQ-00134-00029664-00029967 in acts of torture for the purpose of
95CCSTIadQQ-00135-00029968-00030158 this declaration torture is defined as a
95CCSTIadQQ-00136-00030160-00030330 deliberate systematic or wanton
95CCSTIadQQ-00137-00030331-00030464 infliction of physical or mental
95CCSTIadQQ-00138-00030466-00030677 suffering by one or more persons acting
95CCSTIadQQ-00139-00030679-00030864 alone or on the orders of any authority
95CCSTIadQQ-00140-00030864-00031011 to force another person to yield
95CCSTIadQQ-00141-00031012-00031214 information to make a confession or for
95CCSTIadQQ-00142-00031216-00031358 any other reason this definition
95CCSTIadQQ-00143-00031360-00031539 includes torture is part of domestic
95CCSTIadQQ-00144-00031539-00031758 violence or ritualistic abuse as well as
95CCSTIadQQ-00145-00031758-00032445 in criminal activities topic Rome
95CCSTIadQQ-00146-00032445-00032601 Statute of the International Criminal
95CCSTIadQQ-00147-00032602-00033147 Court the Rome Statute is the treaty
95CCSTIadQQ-00148-00033148-00033300 that set up the International Criminal
95CCSTIadQQ-00149-00033301-00033615 Court ICC the treaty was adopted at a
95CCSTIadQQ-00150-00033616-00033780 diplomatic conference in Rome on the
95CCSTIadQQ-00151-00033781-00034044 17th of July 1998 and went into effect
95CCSTIadQQ-00152-00034045-00034365 on the first of July 2002 the Rome
95CCSTIadQQ-00153-00034366-00034518 Statute provides a simplest definition
95CCSTIadQQ-00154-00034519-00034734 of torture regarding the prosecution of
95CCSTIadQQ-00155-00034735-00034893 war criminals by the International
95CCSTIadQQ-00156-00034894-00035172 Criminal Court paragraph 1 under article
95CCSTIadQQ-00157-00035173-00035438 7 ii of the rome statute provides that
95CCSTIadQQ-00158-00035439-00035685 torture means the intentional infliction
95CCSTIadQQ-00159-00035686-00035889 of severe pain or suffering with a
95CCSTIadQQ-00160-00035890-00036084 physical or mental upon a person in the
95CCSTIadQQ-00161-00036085-00036240 custody or under the control of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00162-00036241-00036408 accused except that torture shall not
95CCSTIadQQ-00163-00036409-00036597 include pain or suffering arising only
95CCSTIadQQ-00164-00036598-00036825 from inherently nor incidental to lawful
95CCSTIadQQ-00165-00036826-00037380 sanctions topic inter-american
95CCSTIadQQ-00166-00037381-00037964 convention to prevent and punish torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00167-00037965-00038140 inter-american convention to prevent and
95CCSTIadQQ-00168-00038141-00038309 punish torture which is enforced since
95CCSTIadQQ-00169-00038310-00038564 the 28th of February 1987 defines
95CCSTIadQQ-00170-00038565-00038756 torture more expansively than the United
95CCSTIadQQ-00171-00038757-00038920 Nations Convention Against Torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00172-00038921-00039098 article 2 of the inter-american
95CCSTIadQQ-00173-00039099-00039392 Convention reads for the purposes of
95CCSTIadQQ-00174-00039393-00039539 this convention torture shall be
95CCSTIadQQ-00175-00039540-00039707 understood to be any act intentionally
95CCSTIadQQ-00176-00039708-00039862 performed whereby physical or mental
95CCSTIadQQ-00177-00039863-00040037 pain or suffering is inflicted on a
95CCSTIadQQ-00178-00040038-00040174 person for purposes of criminal
95CCSTIadQQ-00179-00040175-00040387 investigation as a means of intimidation
95CCSTIadQQ-00180-00040388-00040601 as personal punishment as a preventive
95CCSTIadQQ-00181-00040602-00040771 measure as a penalty or for any other
95CCSTIadQQ-00182-00040772-00041051 purpose torture shall also be understood
95CCSTIadQQ-00183-00041052-00041221 to be the use of methods upon a person
95CCSTIadQQ-00184-00041222-00041393 intended to obliterate the personality
95CCSTIadQQ-00185-00041394-00041512 of the victim or to diminish his
95CCSTIadQQ-00186-00041513-00041714 physical or mental capacities even if
95CCSTIadQQ-00187-00041715-00041861 they do not cause physical pain or
95CCSTIadQQ-00188-00041862-00042131 mental anguish the concept of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00189-00042132-00042275 shall not include physical or mental
95CCSTIadQQ-00190-00042276-00042470 pain or suffering that is inherent in or
95CCSTIadQQ-00191-00042471-00042620 solely the consequence of lawful
95CCSTIadQQ-00192-00042621-00042758 measures provided that they do not
95CCSTIadQQ-00193-00042759-00042908 include the performance of the acts or
95CCSTIadQQ-00194-00042909-00043055 use of the methods referred to in this
95CCSTIadQQ-00195-00043056-00043612 article topic
95CCSTIadQQ-00196-00043613-00044279 Amnesty International since 1973 Amnesty
95CCSTIadQQ-00197-00044280-00044450 International has adopted the simplest
95CCSTIadQQ-00198-00044451-00044602 broadest definition of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00199-00044603-00044965 it reads torture is the systematic and
95CCSTIadQQ-00200-00044966-00045140 deliberate infliction of acute pain by
95CCSTIadQQ-00201-00045141-00045320 one person on another or on a third
95CCSTIadQQ-00202-00045321-00045479 person in order to accomplish the
95CCSTIadQQ-00203-00045480-00045623 purpose of the former against the will
95CCSTIadQQ-00204-00045624-00046124 of the ladder
95CCSTIadQQ-00205-00046125-00046918 topic municipal level
95CCSTIadQQ-00206-00046919-00047861 topic United States topic US Code
95CCSTIadQQ-00207-00047862-00048518 section 2340 title 18 of the United
95CCSTIadQQ-00208-00048519-00048713 States Code contains the definition of
95CCSTIadQQ-00209-00048714-00049178 torture in 18 USC Section 2340 which is
95CCSTIadQQ-00210-00049179-00049367 only applicable to persons committing or
95CCSTIadQQ-00211-00049368-00049535 attempting to commit torture outside of
95CCSTIadQQ-00212-00049536-00049895 the United States it reads as used in
95CCSTIadQQ-00213-00049896-00050183 this chapter 1 torture means an act
95CCSTIadQQ-00214-00050184-00050345 committed by a person acting under the
95CCSTIadQQ-00215-00050346-00050516 color of law specifically intended to
95CCSTIadQQ-00216-00050517-00050708 inflict severe physical or mental pain
95CCSTIadQQ-00217-00050709-00050864 or suffering other than pain or
95CCSTIadQQ-00218-00050865-00051056 suffering incidental to lawful sanctions
95CCSTIadQQ-00219-00051057-00051236 upon another person within his custody
95CCSTIadQQ-00220-00051237-00051539 or physical control to severe mental
95CCSTIadQQ-00221-00051540-00051713 pain or suffering means the prolonged
95CCSTIadQQ-00222-00051714-00051921 mental harm caused by or resulting from
95CCSTIadQQ-00223-00051922-00052169 out the intentional infliction or
95CCSTIadQQ-00224-00052170-00052315 threatened infliction of severe physical
95CCSTIadQQ-00225-00052316-00052562 pain or suffering beat the
95CCSTIadQQ-00226-00052563-00052729 administration or application or
95CCSTIadQQ-00227-00052730-00052919 threatened administration or application
95CCSTIadQQ-00228-00052920-00053102 of mind-altering substances or other
95CCSTIadQQ-00229-00053103-00053264 procedures calculated to disrupt
95CCSTIadQQ-00230-00053265-00053482 profoundly the senses or the personality
95CCSTIadQQ-00231-00053483-00053842 see the threat of imminent death or D
95CCSTIadQQ-00232-00053844-00053990 the threat that another person will
95CCSTIadQQ-00233-00053991-00054173 imminently be subjected to death severe
95CCSTIadQQ-00234-00054174-00054326 physical pain or suffering or the
95CCSTIadQQ-00235-00054327-00054497 administration or application of
95CCSTIadQQ-00236-00054498-00054665 mind-altering substances or other
95CCSTIadQQ-00237-00054666-00054829 procedures calculated to disrupt
95CCSTIadQQ-00238-00054830-00055066 profoundly the senses or personality and
95CCSTIadQQ-00239-00055066-00055325 free United States means that several
95CCSTIadQQ-00240-00055326-00055516 states of the United States the District
95CCSTIadQQ-00241-00055517-00055661 of Columbia and the Commonwealth's
95CCSTIadQQ-00242-00055662-00055808 territories and possessions of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00243-00055809-00056111 United States in order for the United
95CCSTIadQQ-00244-00056112-00056261 States to assume control over this
95CCSTIadQQ-00245-00056262-00056441 jurisdiction the alleged offender must
95CCSTIadQQ-00246-00056441-00056641 be a US national or the alleged offender
95CCSTIadQQ-00247-00056642-00056798 must be present in the United States
95CCSTIadQQ-00248-00056799-00056963 irrespective of the nationality of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00249-00056964-00057107 victim or alleged offender
95CCSTIadQQ-00250-00057108-00057341 any person who conspires to commit an
95CCSTIadQQ-00251-00057341-00057476 offense shall be subject to the same
95CCSTIadQQ-00252-00057477-00057644 penalties other than the penalty of
95CCSTIadQQ-00253-00057645-00057812 death as the penalties prescribed for an
95CCSTIadQQ-00254-00057813-00057977 actual act or attempting to commit an
95CCSTIadQQ-00255-00057978-00058112 act the commission of which was the
95CCSTIadQQ-00256-00058113-00058307 object of the conspiracy
95CCSTIadQQ-00257-00058308-00058616 you
95CCSTIadQQ-00258-00058617-00058917 topic torture victim Protection Act of
95CCSTIadQQ-00259-00058919-00059466 1991 the torture victim Protection Act
95CCSTIadQQ-00260-00059467-00059740 of 1991 provides remedies to individuals
95CCSTIadQQ-00261-00059741-00059908 who are victims of torture by persons
95CCSTIadQQ-00262-00059909-00060073 acting in an official capacity of any
95CCSTIadQQ-00263-00060074-00060334 foreign nation the definition is similar
95CCSTIadQQ-00264-00060335-00060504 to the US Code section
95CCSTIadQQ-00265-00060504-00060907 2340 which reads be torture for the
95CCSTIadQQ-00266-00060908-00061261 purposes of this act 1 the term torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00267-00061262-00061467 means any act directed against an
95CCSTIadQQ-00268-00061469-00061648 individual in the offender's custody or
95CCSTIadQQ-00269-00061649-00061834 physical control by which severe pain or
95CCSTIadQQ-00270-00061835-00062004 suffering other than pain or suffering
95CCSTIadQQ-00271-00062005-00062200 arising only from more inherent in or
95CCSTIadQQ-00272-00062201-00062416 incidental to lawful sanctions where the
95CCSTIadQQ-00273-00062416-00062584 physical or mental is intentionally
95CCSTIadQQ-00274-00062585-00062746 inflicted on that individual for such
95CCSTIadQQ-00275-00062747-00062884 purposes as obtaining from that
95CCSTIadQQ-00276-00062885-00063088 individual or a third person information
95CCSTIadQQ-00277-00063089-00063232 or a confession punishing that
95CCSTIadQQ-00278-00063233-00063412 individual for an act that individual or
95CCSTIadQQ-00279-00063413-00063586 a third person has committed or is
95CCSTIadQQ-00280-00063587-00063675 suspected of having committed
95CCSTIadQQ-00281-00063676-00063910 intimidating or coercing that individual
95CCSTIadQQ-00282-00063911-00064066 or a third person or for any reason
95CCSTIadQQ-00283-00064066-00064308 based on discrimination of any kind and
95CCSTIadQQ-00284-00064309-00064576 to mental pain or suffering refers to
95CCSTIadQQ-00285-00064577-00064765 prolonged mental harm caused by or
95CCSTIadQQ-00286-00064766-00065011 resulting from the intentional
95CCSTIadQQ-00287-00065012-00065170 infliction or threatened infliction of
95CCSTIadQQ-00288-00065171-00065470 severe physical pain or suffering be the
95CCSTIadQQ-00289-00065471-00065632 administration or application or
95CCSTIadQQ-00290-00065633-00065824 threatened administration or application
95CCSTIadQQ-00291-00065825-00066004 of mind-altering substances or other
95CCSTIadQQ-00292-00066005-00066166 procedures calculated to disrupt
95CCSTIadQQ-00293-00066167-00066378 profoundly the senses or the personality
95CCSTIadQQ-00294-00066379-00066727 see the threat of imminent death or D
95CCSTIadQQ-00295-00066728-00066889 the threat that another individual will
95CCSTIadQQ-00296-00066890-00067072 imminently be subjected to death severe
95CCSTIadQQ-00297-00067073-00067222 physical pain or suffering or the
95CCSTIadQQ-00298-00067223-00067387 administration or application of
95CCSTIadQQ-00299-00067388-00067546 mind-altering substances or other
95CCSTIadQQ-00300-00067547-00067705 procedures calculated to disrupt
95CCSTIadQQ-00301-00067706-00068352 profoundly the senses or personality
95CCSTIadQQ-00302-00068353-00068870 topic history
95CCSTIadQQ-00303-00068871-00069071 in the study of the history of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00304-00069072-00069238 some authorities rigidly divide the
95CCSTIadQQ-00305-00069239-00069395 history of torture per se from the
95CCSTIadQQ-00306-00069396-00069551 history of capital punishment while
95CCSTIadQQ-00307-00069552-00069710 noting that most forms of capital
95CCSTIadQQ-00308-00069711-00069971 punishment are extremely painful torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00309-00069972-00070138 grew into an ornate discipline where
95CCSTIadQQ-00310-00070139-00070337 calibrated violence served two functions
95CCSTIadQQ-00311-00070338-00070517 to investigate and produce confessions
95CCSTIadQQ-00312-00070518-00070663 and to attack the body as a form of
95CCSTIadQQ-00313-00070664-00070934 punishment entire populace of towns
95CCSTIadQQ-00314-00070935-00071119 would show up to witness an execution by
95CCSTIadQQ-00315-00071120-00071369 torture in the public square those who
95CCSTIadQQ-00316-00071370-00071621 had been spared torture were commonly
95CCSTIadQQ-00317-00071622-00071792 locked barefooted into the stalks where
95CCSTIadQQ-00318-00071793-00071972 children took delight in rubbing feces
95CCSTIadQQ-00319-00071973-00072140 into their hair and mouths deliberately
95CCSTIadQQ-00320-00072141-00072344 painful methods of torture and execution
95CCSTIadQQ-00321-00072345-00072491 for severe crimes were taken for granted
95CCSTIadQQ-00322-00072492-00072676 as part of justice until the development
95CCSTIadQQ-00323-00072677-00072935 of humanism in 17th century philosophy
95CCSTIadQQ-00324-00072936-00073232 and cruel and unusual punishment came to
95CCSTIadQQ-00325-00073233-00073355 be denounced in the English Bill of
95CCSTIadQQ-00326-00073356-00073649 Rights of 1689 the Age of Enlightenment
95CCSTIadQQ-00327-00073650-00073826 in the Western world further developed
95CCSTIadQQ-00328-00073827-00074090 the idea of universal human rights the
95CCSTIadQQ-00329-00074091-00074276 adoption of the Universal Declaration of
95CCSTIadQQ-00330-00074277-00074480 Human Rights in 1948 marks the
95CCSTIadQQ-00331-00074481-00074626 recognition at least nominally of a
95CCSTIadQQ-00332-00074627-00074798 general ban of torture by all UN member
95CCSTIadQQ-00333-00074799-00075119 states its effect in practice is limited
95CCSTIadQQ-00334-00075120-00075296 however as the declaration is not
95CCSTIadQQ-00335-00075297-00075446 ratified officially and does not have
95CCSTIadQQ-00336-00075447-00075575 legally binding character in
95CCSTIadQQ-00337-00075576-00075707 international law but is rather
95CCSTIadQQ-00338-00075708-00075848 considered part of customary
95CCSTIadQQ-00339-00075849-00076088 international law several countries
95CCSTIadQQ-00340-00076089-00076280 still practice torture today some
95CCSTIadQQ-00341-00076281-00076454 countries have legally codified it and
95CCSTIadQQ-00342-00076455-00076586 others have claimed that it is not
95CCSTIadQQ-00343-00076587-00076751 practiced while maintaining the use of
95CCSTIadQQ-00344-00076752-00076898 torture in secret since the days when
95CCSTIadQQ-00345-00076899-00077081 Roman law prevailed throughout Europe
95CCSTIadQQ-00346-00077082-00077257 torture has been regarded as subtending
95CCSTIadQQ-00347-00077258-00077428 three classes or degrees of suffering
95CCSTIadQQ-00348-00077429-00077672 first degree torture typically took the
95CCSTIadQQ-00349-00077673-00077822 forms of whipping and beating but did
95CCSTIadQQ-00350-00077823-00078047 not mutilate the body the most prevalent
95CCSTIadQQ-00351-00078048-00078284 modern example is bastinado a technique
95CCSTIadQQ-00352-00078285-00078428 a beating or whipping the soles of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00353-00078429-00078641 bare feet second degree torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00354-00078642-00078839 consisted almost entirely of crushing
95CCSTIadQQ-00355-00078840-00078959 devices and procedures including
95CCSTIadQQ-00356-00078960-00079163 exceptionally clever screw presses or
95CCSTIadQQ-00357-00079164-00079442 bone visas that crushed thumbs toes
95CCSTIadQQ-00358-00079443-00079664 knees feet even teeth and skulls in a
95CCSTIadQQ-00359-00079665-00079919 wide variety of ways a wide array of
95CCSTIadQQ-00360-00079920-00080255 boots machines variously and ingeniously
95CCSTIadQQ-00361-00080256-00080482 designed to slowly crush feet a quite
95CCSTIadQQ-00362-00080483-00080726 representative finally third-degree
95CCSTIadQQ-00363-00080727-00080932 tortures savagely mutilated the body in
95CCSTIadQQ-00364-00080933-00081119 numerous dreadful ways incorporating
95CCSTIadQQ-00365-00081120-00081341 spikes blades boiling oil and controlled
95CCSTIadQQ-00366-00081342-00081613 fire the serrated iron Tong shredder the
95CCSTIadQQ-00367-00081614-00081767 red-hot Copper Basin for destroying
95CCSTIadQQ-00368-00081768-00082006 eyesight a bursa nation QV and the
95CCSTIadQQ-00369-00082007-00082172 stocks that forcibly held the prisoners
95CCSTIadQQ-00370-00082173-00082262 naked feet
95CCSTIadQQ-00371-00082263-00082472 with lard directly over red-hot coals
95CCSTIadQQ-00372-00082473-00082715 foot roasting quv until the skin and
95CCSTIadQQ-00373-00082716-00082850 foot muscles were burnt black and the
95CCSTIadQQ-00374-00082851-00083018 bones fell to ashes are examples of
95CCSTIadQQ-00375-00083019-00083696 torture in the third degree topic
95CCSTIadQQ-00376-00083697-00084263 antiquity judicial torture was probably
95CCSTIadQQ-00377-00084264-00084470 first applied in Persia over time
95CCSTIadQQ-00378-00084471-00084632 torture has been used as a means of
95CCSTIadQQ-00379-00084633-00084797 reform inducing public terror
95CCSTIadQQ-00380-00084798-00085019 interrogation spectacle and sadistic
95CCSTIadQQ-00381-00085020-00085232 pleasure the ancient Greeks and Romans
95CCSTIadQQ-00382-00085233-00085493 used torture for interrogation until the
95CCSTIadQQ-00383-00085494-00085712 second century AD torture was used only
95CCSTIadQQ-00384-00085713-00085988 on slaves with a few exceptions after
95CCSTIadQQ-00385-00085989-00086150 this point it began to be extended to
95CCSTIadQQ-00386-00086151-00086417 all members of the lower classes a slave
95CCSTIadQQ-00387-00086418-00086597 testimony was admissible only if
95CCSTIadQQ-00388-00086598-00086783 extracted by torture on the assumption
95CCSTIadQQ-00389-00086784-00086921 that slaves could not be trusted to
95CCSTIadQQ-00390-00086922-00087146 reveal the truth voluntarily this
95CCSTIadQQ-00391-00087147-00087290 torture occurred to break the bond
95CCSTIadQQ-00392-00087291-00087539 between the master and his slave slaves
95CCSTIadQQ-00393-00087540-00087689 were thought to be incapable of lying
95CCSTIadQQ-00394-00087690-00088763 under torture topic Middle Ages medieval
95CCSTIadQQ-00395-00088764-00088937 and early modern European courts use
95CCSTIadQQ-00396-00088938-00089102 torture depending on the crime of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00397-00089103-00089290 accused in his or her social status
95CCSTIadQQ-00398-00089291-00089528 torture was deemed a legitimate means to
95CCSTIadQQ-00399-00089529-00089702 extract confessions or to obtain the
95CCSTIadQQ-00400-00089703-00089828 names of accomplices or other
95CCSTIadQQ-00401-00089829-00090020 information about a crime although many
95CCSTIadQQ-00402-00090021-00090200 confessions were greatly invalid due to
95CCSTIadQQ-00403-00090201-00090374 the victim being forced to confess under
95CCSTIadQQ-00404-00090375-00090590 great agony and pressure it was
95CCSTIadQQ-00405-00090591-00090743 permitted by law only if there was
95CCSTIadQQ-00406-00090744-00090946 already half proof against the accused
95CCSTIadQQ-00407-00090947-00091187 torture was used in continental Europe
95CCSTIadQQ-00408-00091188-00091361 to obtain corroborating evidence in the
95CCSTIadQQ-00409-00091362-00091538 form of a confession when other evidence
95CCSTIadQQ-00410-00091539-00091832 already existed often defendants already
95CCSTIadQQ-00411-00091833-00091991 sentenced to death would be tortured to
95CCSTIadQQ-00412-00091992-00092129 force them to disclose the names of
95CCSTIadQQ-00413-00092130-00092360 accomplices torture in the medieval
95CCSTIadQQ-00414-00092361-00092621 Inquisition began in 1252 with a papal
95CCSTIadQQ-00415-00092622-00092861 bull a Dexter pander and ended in 1816
95CCSTIadQQ-00416-00092862-00093053 when another papal bull forbade its use
95CCSTIadQQ-00417-00093054-00093341 a highly esteemed torturer in the times
95CCSTIadQQ-00418-00093342-00093500 of the Inquisition is a good means of
95CCSTIadQQ-00419-00093501-00093761 interrogating taciturn heretics and
95CCSTIadQQ-00420-00093762-00093917 wizards was the interrogation chair
95CCSTIadQQ-00421-00093918-00094097 torture was usually conducted in secret
95CCSTIadQQ-00422-00094098-00094385 in underground dungeons by contrast
95CCSTIadQQ-00423-00094386-00094556 torturous executions were typically
95CCSTIadQQ-00424-00094557-00094751 public and woodcuts of English prisoners
95CCSTIadQQ-00425-00094752-00094913 being hanged drawn and quartered show
95CCSTIadQQ-00426-00094914-00095075 live crowds of spectators as the
95CCSTIadQQ-00427-00095076-00095216 paintings of Spanish auto-da-fe
95CCSTIadQQ-00428-00095217-00095420 executions in which heretics were burned
95CCSTIadQQ-00429-00095421-00095651 at the stake torture was also
95CCSTIadQQ-00430-00095652-00095828 during this time period as a means of
95CCSTIadQQ-00431-00095829-00096053 reform spectacle to induce fear into the
95CCSTIadQQ-00432-00096054-00096200 public and most popularly as a
95CCSTIadQQ-00433-00096201-00096461 punishment for treason maybe evil
95CCSTIadQQ-00434-00096462-00096671 torture devices were buried one old
95CCSTIadQQ-00435-00096672-00096812 english chronicle from the early
95CCSTIadQQ-00436-00096813-00097025 medieval period reads they hang them by
95CCSTIadQQ-00437-00097026-00097244 the thumbs or by the head and hung fires
95CCSTIadQQ-00438-00097245-00097430 on their feet they put knotted strings
95CCSTIadQQ-00439-00097431-00097622 about their heads and read them so that
95CCSTIadQQ-00440-00097623-00097963 it went to the brain some they put in a
95CCSTIadQQ-00441-00097964-00098144 chest that was short and narrow and
95CCSTIadQQ-00442-00098145-00098378 shallow and put sharp stones therein and
95CCSTIadQQ-00443-00098379-00098557 press the man there in so that they
95CCSTIadQQ-00444-00098558-00098921 broke all his limbs I neither can more
95CCSTIadQQ-00445-00098922-00099076 may tell all the wounds or all the
95CCSTIadQQ-00446-00099077-00099266 torches which they inflicted on wretched
95CCSTIadQQ-00447-00099267-00099403 men in this land
95CCSTIadQQ-00448-00099404-00099590 torches later in the Middle Ages
95CCSTIadQQ-00449-00099591-00099776 consisted of whipping the crushing of
95CCSTIadQQ-00450-00099777-00099974 thumbs feet legs and heads in iron
95CCSTIadQQ-00451-00099975-00100148 presses burning the flesh and tearing
95CCSTIadQQ-00452-00100149-00100337 our teeth fingernails and toenails with
95CCSTIadQQ-00453-00100338-00100592 red hot iron forceps limb smashing and
95CCSTIadQQ-00454-00100593-00100763 drowning were also popular medieval
95CCSTIadQQ-00455-00100764-00100997 tortures specific devices were also
95CCSTIadQQ-00456-00100998-00101150 created and used during this time
95CCSTIadQQ-00457-00101151-00101330 including the rack the pair also
95CCSTIadQQ-00458-00101331-00101480 mentioned in grosses dictionary of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00459-00101481-00101768 vulgar tongue 1811 us choked sick pears
95CCSTIadQQ-00460-00101769-00102074 and described as being formerly used in
95CCSTIadQQ-00461-00102075-00102307 Holland thumbscrews animals like rats
95CCSTIadQQ-00462-00102308-00102954 the iron chair and the cat-o'-nine-tails
95CCSTIadQQ-00463-00102955-00103567 topic early modern period during the
95CCSTIadQQ-00464-00103568-00103727 early modern period the torture of
95CCSTIadQQ-00465-00103728-00104044 witches took place in 1613 Anton
95CCSTIadQQ-00466-00104045-00104242 Pretorius described the situation of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00467-00104243-00104383 prisoners in the dungeons in his book
95CCSTIadQQ-00468-00104384-00104564 grunlich a barrack von zarbor a and
95CCSTIadQQ-00469-00104565-00104758 zarbor and thorough report about sorcery
95CCSTIadQQ-00470-00104759-00104999 and sorceress he was one of the first to
95CCSTIadQQ-00471-00105000-00105169 protest against all means of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00472-00105170-00105407 while secular courts often treated
95CCSTIadQQ-00473-00105408-00105626 suspects ferociously will in ariel durin
95CCSTIadQQ-00474-00105627-00105797 argued in the age of faith that many of
95CCSTIadQQ-00475-00105798-00105920 the most vicious procedures were
95CCSTIadQQ-00476-00105921-00106118 inflicted upon pious heretics by even
95CCSTIadQQ-00477-00106119-00106220 more pies fries
95CCSTIadQQ-00478-00106221-00106445 the Dominicans gained a reputation as
95CCSTIadQQ-00479-00106446-00106595 some of the most fearsome the innovative
95CCSTIadQQ-00480-00106596-00106879 torturers in medieval Spain torture was
95CCSTIadQQ-00481-00106880-00107029 continued by Protestants during the
95CCSTIadQQ-00482-00107030-00107174 Renaissance against teachers who they
95CCSTIadQQ-00483-00107175-00107519 viewed as heretics in 1547 John Calvin
95CCSTIadQQ-00484-00107520-00107683 had Jacques Gruen arrested in Geneva
95CCSTIadQQ-00485-00107684-00107951 Switzerland under torture he confessed
95CCSTIadQQ-00486-00107952-00108115 to several crimes including writing an
95CCSTIadQQ-00487-00108116-00108263 anonymous letter left in the pulpit
95CCSTIadQQ-00488-00108264-00108403 which threatened death to Calvin and his
95CCSTIadQQ-00489-00108404-00108671 associates the Council of Geneva had him
95CCSTIadQQ-00490-00108672-00108811 beheaded with Calvin's approval
95CCSTIadQQ-00491-00108813-00109033 suspected witches were also tortured and
95CCSTIadQQ-00492-00109034-00109199 burned by Protestant leaders though more
95CCSTIadQQ-00493-00109200-00109333 often they were banished from the city
95CCSTIadQQ-00494-00109334-00109502 as well as suspected spreaders of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00495-00109503-00109640 plague which was considered a more
95CCSTIadQQ-00496-00109641-00109823 serious crime in England the trial by
95CCSTIadQQ-00497-00109824-00110008 jury developed considerable freedom in
95CCSTIadQQ-00498-00110009-00110171 evaluating evidence and condemning on
95CCSTIadQQ-00499-00110172-00110363 circumstantial evidence making torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00500-00110364-00110618 to extort confessions unnecessary for
95CCSTIadQQ-00501-00110619-00110753 this reason in England a regularized
95CCSTIadQQ-00502-00110754-00110975 system of judicial torture never existed
95CCSTIadQQ-00503-00110976-00111131 and its use was limited to political
95CCSTIadQQ-00504-00111132-00111358 cases torture was in theory not
95CCSTIadQQ-00505-00111359-00111545 permitted under English law but in Tudor
95CCSTIadQQ-00506-00111546-00111703 and early Stuart times under certain
95CCSTIadQQ-00507-00111704-00111899 conditions torture was used in England
95CCSTIadQQ-00508-00111900-00112139 for example the confession of Mark
95CCSTIadQQ-00509-00112140-00112307 Smeaton at the trial of Anne Boleyn was
95CCSTIadQQ-00510-00112308-00112499 presented in written form only either to
95CCSTIadQQ-00511-00112500-00112640 hide from the court that Smeaton had
95CCSTIadQQ-00512-00112641-00112799 been tortured on the rack for four hours
95CCSTIadQQ-00513-00112800-00112964 or because Thomas Cromwell was worried
95CCSTIadQQ-00514-00112965-00113108 that he would recant his confession if
95CCSTIadQQ-00515-00113108-00113339 cross-examined when Guy Fawkes was
95CCSTIadQQ-00516-00113340-00113495 arrested for his role in the Gunpowder
95CCSTIadQQ-00517-00113496-00113716 Plot of 1605 he was tortured until he
95CCSTIadQQ-00518-00113717-00113959 revealed all he knew about the plot this
95CCSTIadQQ-00519-00113960-00114115 was not so much to extract a confession
95CCSTIadQQ-00520-00114116-00114314 which was not needed to prove his guilt
95CCSTIadQQ-00521-00114315-00114476 but to extract from him the names of his
95CCSTIadQQ-00522-00114477-00114743 fellow conspirators by this time torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00523-00114744-00114916 was not routine in England and a special
95CCSTIadQQ-00524-00114917-00115073 warrant from King James the first was
95CCSTIadQQ-00525-00115074-00115295 needed before he could be tortured the
95CCSTIadQQ-00526-00115296-00115424 whirring of the warrant shows some
95CCSTIadQQ-00527-00115425-00115603 concerns for humanitarian considerations
95CCSTIadQQ-00528-00115604-00115796 specifying that the severity of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00529-00115797-00115943 methods of interrogation were to be
95CCSTIadQQ-00530-00115944-00116089 increased only gradually until the
95CCSTIadQQ-00531-00116090-00116274 interrogators were sure that Forks had
95CCSTIadQQ-00532-00116275-00116523 all he knew in the end this did not help
95CCSTIadQQ-00533-00116524-00116691 Forks much as he was broken on the only
95CCSTIadQQ-00534-00116692-00116853 rack in England which was in the Tower
95CCSTIadQQ-00535-00116854-00117150 of London the Privy Council attempted to
95CCSTIadQQ-00536-00117151-00117311 have John Felton who stabbed George
95CCSTIadQQ-00537-00117313-00117495 Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham to death
95CCSTIadQQ-00538-00117496-00117729 in 1628 questioned under torture on the
95CCSTIadQQ-00539-00117730-00117927 rack but the judges resisted unanimously
95CCSTIadQQ-00540-00117928-00118080 declaring it's used to be contrary to
95CCSTIadQQ-00541-00118081-00118293 the laws of England torture was
95CCSTIadQQ-00542-00118294-00118491 abolished in England around 1640
95CCSTIadQQ-00543-00118492-00118680 accept pain Forte at juror which was
95CCSTIadQQ-00544-00118681-00119055 abolished in 1772 in colonial America
95CCSTIadQQ-00545-00119056-00119217 women were sentenced to the stalks with
95CCSTIadQQ-00546-00119218-00119340 wooden clips on their tongues or
95CCSTIadQQ-00547-00119341-00119604 subjected to the dunking stool for the
95CCSTIadQQ-00548-00119605-00119766 gender-specific crime of talking too
95CCSTIadQQ-00549-00119767-00119984 much certain Native American peoples
95CCSTIadQQ-00550-00119985-00120174 especially in the area that later became
95CCSTIadQQ-00551-00120175-00120311 the eastern half of the United States
95CCSTIadQQ-00552-00120313-00120516 engaged in the sacrificial torture of
95CCSTIadQQ-00553-00120517-00120761 war captives and Spanish colonial
95CCSTIadQQ-00554-00120763-00120873 officials in what is today the
95CCSTIadQQ-00555-00120874-00121058 southwestern United States and northern
95CCSTIadQQ-00556-00121059-00121245 Mexico often resorted to torture to
95CCSTIadQQ-00557-00121246-00121401 extract confessions from rebellious
95CCSTIadQQ-00558-00121402-00121566 Native Americans as evidenced by the
95CCSTIadQQ-00559-00121567-00121749 case of the Pima leader Joseph Romero
95CCSTIadQQ-00560-00121750-00122100 canadough in 1686 in the 17th century
95CCSTIadQQ-00561-00122101-00122283 the number of incidents of judicial
95CCSTIadQQ-00562-00122283-00122445 torture decreased in many European
95CCSTIadQQ-00563-00122446-00122786 regions Johan grave in 1624 published
95CCSTIadQQ-00564-00122788-00122970 tribunal Reformation a case against
95CCSTIadQQ-00565-00122971-00123252 torture Cesare Beccaria an Italian
95CCSTIadQQ-00566-00123253-00123552 lawyer published in 1764 an essay on
95CCSTIadQQ-00567-00123553-00123780 crimes and punishments in which he
95CCSTIadQQ-00568-00123781-00123963 argued that torture unjustly punished
95CCSTIadQQ-00569-00123964-00124125 the innocent and should be unnecessary
95CCSTIadQQ-00570-00124126-00124535 in proving guilt Voltaire 1694 to 1778
95CCSTIadQQ-00571-00124536-00124736 also fiercely condemned torture in some
95CCSTIadQQ-00572-00124738-00125052 of his essays while in Egypt in 1798
95CCSTIadQQ-00573-00125053-00125274 Napoleon Bonaparte wrote to Major
95CCSTIadQQ-00574-00125275-00125445 General Berthier regarding the validity
95CCSTIadQQ-00575-00125446-00125748 of torture as an interrogation tool the
95CCSTIadQQ-00576-00125749-00125880 barbarous custom of whipping men
95CCSTIadQQ-00577-00125881-00126063 suspected of having important secrets to
95CCSTIadQQ-00578-00126064-00126291 reveal must be abolished it has always
95CCSTIadQQ-00579-00126292-00126458 been recognized that this method of
95CCSTIadQQ-00580-00126459-00126627 interrogation by putting men to the
95CCSTIadQQ-00581-00126628-00126873 torture is useless the wretches say
95CCSTIadQQ-00582-00126874-00127014 whatever comes into their heads and
95CCSTIadQQ-00583-00127015-00127210 whatever they think one wants to believe
95CCSTIadQQ-00584-00127211-00127401 consequently the commander in chief
95CCSTIadQQ-00585-00127402-00127578 forbids the use of a method which is
95CCSTIadQQ-00586-00127579-00127890 contrary to reason and humanity European
95CCSTIadQQ-00587-00127891-00128036 states abolished torture from their
95CCSTIadQQ-00588-00128038-00128226 statutory law in the late 18th and early
95CCSTIadQQ-00589-00128227-00128541 19th centuries England abolished torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00590-00128542-00128790 in about 1640 except pain for day at
95CCSTIadQQ-00591-00128791-00128964 Europe which England only abolished in
95CCSTIadQQ-00592-00128965-00129348 1772 Scotland in 1708 Russia in 1740
95CCSTIadQQ-00593-00129349-00129640 Denmark around 1770 Russia in seventeen
95CCSTIadQQ-00594-00129641-00129810 for Austria in Polish Lithuanian
95CCSTIadQQ-00595-00129811-00130161 Commonwealth in 1776 evilly in 1786
95CCSTIadQQ-00596-00130163-00130611 France in 1789 and Baden in 1831 Sweden
95CCSTIadQQ-00597-00130613-00130852 was the first to do so in 1722 and the
95CCSTIadQQ-00598-00130853-00131188 Netherlands did the same in 1798 Bavaria
95CCSTIadQQ-00599-00131189-00131422 abolished torture in 1806 in Verdun burg
95CCSTIadQQ-00600-00131423-00131782 in 1809 in Spain the Napoleonic conquest
95CCSTIadQQ-00601-00131783-00132073 put an end to torture in 1808 Norway
95CCSTIadQQ-00602-00132074-00132394 abolished it in 1819 in Portugal in 1826
95CCSTIadQQ-00603-00132395-00132643 the last European jurisdictions to
95CCSTIadQQ-00604-00132644-00132898 abolish legal torture were Portugal 1828
95CCSTIadQQ-00605-00132899-00133072 and the canton of glories in Switzerland
95CCSTIadQQ-00606-00133073-00133615 1851
95CCSTIadQQ-00607-00133616-00134213 topic methods of torture tortures
95CCSTIadQQ-00608-00134214-00134363 included the chevalier in which an
95CCSTIadQQ-00609-00134364-00134504 accused witch sat on a pointed metal
95CCSTIadQQ-00610-00134505-00134689 horse with weights strung from her feet
95CCSTIadQQ-00611-00134690-00134939 sexual humiliation torture included
95CCSTIadQQ-00612-00134940-00135077 forced sitting on red-hot stools
95CCSTIadQQ-00613-00135078-00135314 Graziano also called penny winkers in
95CCSTIadQQ-00614-00135315-00135486 Scotland or pillar winks crushed the
95CCSTIadQQ-00615-00135487-00135653 tips of fingers and toes in a vice-like
95CCSTIadQQ-00616-00135654-00135957 device the spanish boot or leg screw
95CCSTIadQQ-00617-00135958-00136211 used mostly in germany and scotland was
95CCSTIadQQ-00618-00136212-00136361 a steel boot that was placed over the
95CCSTIadQQ-00619-00136362-00136581 leg of the accused and was tightened the
95CCSTIadQQ-00620-00136582-00136719 pressure from the squeezing of the boot
95CCSTIadQQ-00621-00136720-00136886 would break the shin bone in pieces an
95CCSTIadQQ-00622-00136887-00137148 anonymous Scotsman called it the most
95CCSTIadQQ-00623-00137149-00137350 severe and cruel pain in the world
95CCSTIadQQ-00624-00137351-00137591 ingenious variants of the spanish boot
95CCSTIadQQ-00625-00137592-00137774 were also designed to slowly crush feet
95CCSTIadQQ-00626-00137775-00137907 between iron plates armed with
95CCSTIadQQ-00627-00137908-00138144 terrifying spikes the air shell more
95CCSTIadQQ-00628-00138145-00138515 commonly known as the ladder or rack was
95CCSTIadQQ-00629-00138516-00138674 a long table that the accused would lie
95CCSTIadQQ-00630-00138675-00138902 upon and be stretched violently the
95CCSTIadQQ-00631-00138903-00139079 torturer was used so intensely that on
95CCSTIadQQ-00632-00139080-00139245 many occasions that victims limbs would
95CCSTIadQQ-00633-00139246-00139407 be pulled out of the socket and at times
95CCSTIadQQ-00634-00139408-00139562 the limbs would even be torn from the
95CCSTIadQQ-00635-00139563-00139833 body entirely on some special occasions
95CCSTIadQQ-00636-00139834-00139991 a torreón was used in conjunction with
95CCSTIadQQ-00637-00139992-00140145 the ladder which would severely squeeze
95CCSTIadQQ-00638-00140146-00140300 and mutilate the genitals at the same
95CCSTIadQQ-00639-00140301-00140468 time as the stretching was occurring
95CCSTIadQQ-00640-00140469-00140735 similar to the ladder was they lift it
95CCSTIadQQ-00641-00140736-00140963 to stretched the limbs of the accused in
95CCSTIadQQ-00642-00140964-00141132 this instance however the victims feet
95CCSTIadQQ-00643-00141133-00141251 were strapped to the ground and their
95CCSTIadQQ-00644-00141252-00141420 arms were tied behind their back before
95CCSTIadQQ-00645-00141421-00141560 a rope was tied to their hands and
95CCSTIadQQ-00646-00141561-00141633 lifted upwards
95CCSTIadQQ-00647-00141634-00141851 this caused the arms to break before the
95CCSTIadQQ-00648-00141852-00142115 portion of the stretching began finally
95CCSTIadQQ-00649-00142116-00142272 the judicial system of king james
95CCSTIadQQ-00650-00142273-00142419 favored the use of the turkish an
95CCSTIadQQ-00651-00142420-00142610 ingenious and savage iron instrument for
95CCSTIadQQ-00652-00142611-00142748 destroying the nails of the fingers and
95CCSTIadQQ-00653-00142749-00142995 toes the sharp point of the instrument
95CCSTIadQQ-00654-00142996-00143138 was first pushed under the nail to the
95CCSTIadQQ-00655-00143139-00143273 root splitting the nail down the
95CCSTIadQQ-00656-00143274-00143501 centerline pincers then grabbed either
95CCSTIadQQ-00657-00143502-00143651 edge of the destroyed nail and slowly
95CCSTIadQQ-00658-00143652-00143927 tore away from the nail bed other common
95CCSTIadQQ-00659-00143928-00144125 torches included the strappado a system
95CCSTIadQQ-00660-00144126-00144258 of weights and pulleys with which the
95CCSTIadQQ-00661-00144259-00144401 prisoner was trussed up and jerked in
95CCSTIadQQ-00662-00144402-00144578 order to dislocate his limbs the water
95CCSTIadQQ-00663-00144579-00144761 torture by which he was maintained at
95CCSTIadQQ-00664-00144762-00144909 the very edge of drowning and the so
95CCSTIadQQ-00665-00144910-00145098 called torture by fire in which the bare
95CCSTIadQQ-00666-00145099-00145289 feet immobilized in an iron stalks and
95CCSTIadQQ-00667-00145290-00145470 smeared with lard was slowly barbecued
95CCSTIadQQ-00668-00145471-00146011 over red-hot coals
95CCSTIadQQ-00669-00146012-00146726 topic since 1948 modern sensibilities
95CCSTIadQQ-00670-00146727-00146912 have been shaped by a profound reaction
95CCSTIadQQ-00671-00146913-00147062 to the war crimes and crimes against
95CCSTIadQQ-00672-00147063-00147221 humanity committed by the Axis powers
95CCSTIadQQ-00673-00147222-00147401 and Allied powers in the Second World
95CCSTIadQQ-00674-00147402-00147578 War which have led to a sweeping
95CCSTIadQQ-00675-00147579-00147737 international rejection of most if not
95CCSTIadQQ-00676-00147738-00148010 all aspects of the practice even as many
95CCSTIadQQ-00677-00148011-00148214 states engage in torture few wish to be
95CCSTIadQQ-00678-00148215-00148379 described as doing so either to their
95CCSTIadQQ-00679-00148380-00148538 own citizens or to the international
95CCSTIadQQ-00680-00148539-00148808 community a variety of devices bridge
95CCSTIadQQ-00681-00148809-00149036 this gap including state denial secret
95CCSTIadQQ-00682-00149037-00149369 police need to know a denial that given
95CCSTIadQQ-00683-00149370-00149507 treatments are torturous in nature
95CCSTIadQQ-00684-00149508-00149705 appealed to various laws national or
95CCSTIadQQ-00685-00149706-00149879 international the use of jurisdictional
95CCSTIadQQ-00686-00149880-00150068 argument and the claim of overriding
95CCSTIadQQ-00687-00150069-00150344 need throughout history and today many
95CCSTIadQQ-00688-00150345-00150533 states have engaged in torture albeit
95CCSTIadQQ-00689-00150534-00150752 unofficially torture ranges from
95CCSTIadQQ-00690-00150753-00150938 physical psychological political
95CCSTIadQQ-00691-00150939-00151115 interrogations techniques and also
95CCSTIadQQ-00692-00151116-00151295 includes rape of anyone outside of law
95CCSTIadQQ-00693-00151296-00151472 enforcement according to scholar Ervin
95CCSTIadQQ-00694-00151473-00151619 Abraham Ian although there were several
95CCSTIadQQ-00695-00151620-00151793 decades of prohibition of torture that
95CCSTIadQQ-00696-00151794-00151958 spread from Europe to most parts of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00697-00151959-00152183 world by the 1980's the taboo against
95CCSTIadQQ-00698-00152184-00152387 torture was broken and torture returned
95CCSTIadQQ-00699-00152388-00152621 with a vengeance propelled in part by
95CCSTIadQQ-00700-00152622-00152783 television and an opportunity to break
95CCSTIadQQ-00701-00152784-00152954 political prisoners and broadcast the
95CCSTIadQQ-00702-00152955-00153134 resulting public recantations of their
95CCSTIadQQ-00703-00153135-00153305 political beliefs for ideological
95CCSTIadQQ-00704-00153306-00153587 warfare political mobilization and the
95CCSTIadQQ-00705-00153588-00153953 need to win hearts and minds in the
95CCSTIadQQ-00706-00153954-00154292 years 2004 in 2005 over 16 countries
95CCSTIadQQ-00707-00154293-00154532 were documented using torture in an
95CCSTIadQQ-00708-00154533-00154721 attempt to bring global awareness Human
95CCSTIadQQ-00709-00154722-00154889 Rights Watch has created an internet
95CCSTIadQQ-00710-00154890-00155024 site to alert people to news and
95CCSTIadQQ-00711-00155025-00155225 multimedia publications about torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00712-00155226-00155462 occurring worldwide the international
95CCSTIadQQ-00713-00155463-00155630 rehabilitation council for torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00714-00155631-00155894 victims i RCT made a global analysis of
95CCSTIadQQ-00715-00155895-00156083 torture based on Amnesty International
95CCSTIadQQ-00716-00156084-00156425 2001 Human Rights Watch 2003 United
95CCSTIadQQ-00717-00156426-00156701 Nations 2002 u.s. Department of State
95CCSTIadQQ-00718-00156702-00157028 2002 yearly Human Rights reports these
95CCSTIadQQ-00719-00157029-00157172 reports showed that torture and
95CCSTIadQQ-00720-00157173-00157328 ill-treatment that consistently report
95CCSTIadQQ-00721-00157329-00157511 based on all four sources in 32
95CCSTIadQQ-00722-00157512-00157766 countries at least two reports the use
95CCSTIadQQ-00723-00157767-00157922 of torture and ill-treatment in at least
95CCSTIadQQ-00724-00157923-00158186 80 countries these reports confirm the
95CCSTIadQQ-00725-00158187-00158330 assumption that torture occurs in a
95CCSTIadQQ-00726-00158331-00158471 quarter of the world's countries on a
95CCSTIadQQ-00727-00158472-00158738 regular basis this global prevalence of
95CCSTIadQQ-00728-00158739-00158924 torture is estimated on the magnitude of
95CCSTIadQQ-00729-00158925-00159077 particular high-risk groups and the
95CCSTIadQQ-00730-00159078-00159300 amount of torture used by these groups
95CCSTIadQQ-00731-00159301-00159531 groups comprise refugees and persons who
95CCSTIadQQ-00732-00159532-00159894 are or have been under torture according
95CCSTIadQQ-00733-00159895-00160047 to Professor Darius Raj Olli
95CCSTIadQQ-00734-00160048-00160194 although dictatorships may have used
95CCSTIadQQ-00735-00160195-00160428 tortured more and more indiscriminately
95CCSTIadQQ-00736-00160429-00160725 it was modern democracies the United
95CCSTIadQQ-00737-00160726-00161037 States Britain and France who pioneered
95CCSTIadQQ-00738-00161038-00161232 and exported techniques that have become
95CCSTIadQQ-00739-00161233-00161429 the lingua franca of modern torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00740-00161430-00161733 methods that leave no marks the practice
95CCSTIadQQ-00741-00161734-00161865 of torture used as the oppression
95CCSTIadQQ-00742-00161866-00162029 against political opponents or could be
95CCSTIadQQ-00743-00162030-00162198 a part of criminal investigation or
95CCSTIadQQ-00744-00162199-00162357 interrogation techniques in order to
95CCSTIadQQ-00745-00162358-00162543 obtain the desired information and keep
95CCSTIadQQ-00746-00162544-00162714 law enforcement empowered over everyday
95CCSTIadQQ-00747-00162715-00162909 citizens the modern concept of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00748-00162910-00163065 methods that leave no physical evidence
95CCSTIadQQ-00749-00163066-00163323 is noted in 1995 by the Diagnostic and
95CCSTIadQQ-00750-00163324-00163473 Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
95CCSTIadQQ-00751-00163474-00163734 DSM IV within the changing definition of
95CCSTIadQQ-00752-00163735-00164040 post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD this
95CCSTIadQQ-00753-00164041-00164184 revised definition included
95CCSTIadQQ-00754-00164185-00164385 psychological torture stating expresses
95CCSTIadQQ-00755-00164386-00164526 concern that the Diagnostic and
95CCSTIadQQ-00756-00164527-00164673 Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
95CCSTIadQQ-00757-00164674-00164868 definition of post-traumatic stress
95CCSTIadQQ-00758-00164869-00165039 disorder does not include those forms of
95CCSTIadQQ-00759-00165040-00165186 psychological torture in which the
95CCSTIadQQ-00760-00165187-00165341 physical integrity of a person is not
95CCSTIadQQ-00761-00165342-00165582 threatened it is suggested that any
95CCSTIadQQ-00762-00165583-00165798 diagnostic criterion that characterizes
95CCSTIadQQ-00763-00165799-00165972 the traumatic stress are leading to PTSD
95CCSTIadQQ-00764-00165973-00166149 should be expressed in such a way that
95CCSTIadQQ-00765-00166150-00166328 psychological forms of torture are
95CCSTIadQQ-00766-00166329-00166677 included after 1995 the sweeping
95CCSTIadQQ-00767-00166678-00166860 definition of changes from any act by
95CCSTIadQQ-00768-00166861-00167037 which severe pain or suffering with a
95CCSTIadQQ-00769-00167038-00167208 mental or physical is intentionally
95CCSTIadQQ-00770-00167209-00167382 inflicted on a person - including the
95CCSTIadQQ-00771-00167383-00167577 term psychological torture and including
95CCSTIadQQ-00772-00167578-00167724 examples such as interrogation
95CCSTIadQQ-00773-00167725-00167885 techniques range from sleep deprivation
95CCSTIadQQ-00774-00167886-00168099 solitary confinement fear and
95CCSTIadQQ-00775-00168100-00168270 humiliation to severe sexual and
95CCSTIadQQ-00776-00168271-00168450 cultural humiliation and use of threats
95CCSTIadQQ-00777-00168451-00168633 and phobias to induce fear of death or
95CCSTIadQQ-00778-00168634-00168924 injury tortured still occurs in a small
95CCSTIadQQ-00779-00168925-00169103 number of liberal democracies despite
95CCSTIadQQ-00780-00169104-00169281 several international treaties such as
95CCSTIadQQ-00781-00169282-00169449 the International Covenant on Civil and
95CCSTIadQQ-00782-00169450-00169626 Political Rights in the UN Convention
95CCSTIadQQ-00783-00169627-00169816 Against Torture making torture illegal
95CCSTIadQQ-00784-00169817-00170061 despite such international conventions
95CCSTIadQQ-00785-00170062-00170271 torture cases continue to arise such as
95CCSTIadQQ-00786-00170272-00170499 the 2004 Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner
95CCSTIadQQ-00787-00170500-00170718 abuse scandal committed by personnel of
95CCSTIadQQ-00788-00170719-00170943 the United States Army the US
95CCSTIadQQ-00789-00170944-00171128 Constitution and US law prohibits the
95CCSTIadQQ-00790-00171129-00171312 use of torture yet such human rights
95CCSTIadQQ-00791-00171313-00171486 violations occurred during the war on
95CCSTIadQQ-00792-00171487-00171645 terror under the euphemism enhanced
95CCSTIadQQ-00793-00171646-00171912 interrogation the United States revised
95CCSTIadQQ-00794-00171913-00172161 the previous torture policy in 2009
95CCSTIadQQ-00795-00172162-00172410 under the obama administration this
95CCSTIadQQ-00796-00172411-00172686 revision revokes the executive order
95CCSTIadQQ-00797-00172687-00173025 440 of the 20th of July 2007 under which
95CCSTIadQQ-00798-00173026-00173202 the incident at Abu Ghraib and prisoner
95CCSTIadQQ-00799-00173203-00173643 abuse occurred executive order 13502 the
95CCSTIadQQ-00800-00173644-00173928 22nd of January 2009 further defines
95CCSTIadQQ-00801-00173929-00174126 United States policy on torture and
95CCSTIadQQ-00802-00174127-00174291 interrogation techniques in an attempt
95CCSTIadQQ-00803-00174292-00174435 to further prevent another torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00804-00174436-00174669 incident yet apparently the practice
95CCSTIadQQ-00805-00174670-00174870 continues albeit outsourced according to
95CCSTIadQQ-00806-00174871-00175050 the findings of dr. Christian Davenport
95CCSTIadQQ-00807-00175051-00175182 of the University of Notre Dame
95CCSTIadQQ-00808-00175183-00175401 Professor William Moore of Florida State
95CCSTIadQQ-00809-00175402-00175626 University and David Armstrong of Oxford
95CCSTIadQQ-00810-00175627-00175809 University during their torture research
95CCSTIadQQ-00811-00175810-00175970 evidence suggests that non-governmental
95CCSTIadQQ-00812-00175971-00176145 organizations have played the most
95CCSTIadQQ-00813-00176146-00176316 determinant factor for stopping torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00814-00176317-00176529 once it gets started preliminary
95CCSTIadQQ-00815-00176530-00176685 research suggests that it is civil
95CCSTIadQQ-00816-00176686-00176907 society not government institutions that
95CCSTIadQQ-00817-00176908-00177153 can stop torture once it has begun this
95CCSTIadQQ-00818-00177154-00177339 inability to control abuse and torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00819-00177340-00177528 in society creates an imperfect
95CCSTIadQQ-00820-00177529-00177657 democracy non-compliant with
95CCSTIadQQ-00821-00177658-00177837 internationally agreed-upon standards
95CCSTIadQQ-00822-00177838-00178065 for civil and political rights many
95CCSTIadQQ-00823-00178066-00178260 organizations serve to expose widespread
95CCSTIadQQ-00824-00178261-00178449 human rights violations and hold
95CCSTIadQQ-00825-00178450-00178590 individuals accountable to the
95CCSTIadQQ-00826-00178591-00179143 international community
95CCSTIadQQ-00827-00179144-00179416 topic historical methods of execution
95CCSTIadQQ-00828-00179417-00179984 and capital punishment for most of
95CCSTIadQQ-00829-00179985-00180173 recorded history capital punishments
95CCSTIadQQ-00830-00180174-00180425 were often cruel and inhumane severe
95CCSTIadQQ-00831-00180426-00180590 historical penalties include breaking
95CCSTIadQQ-00832-00180591-00180853 wheel foiling to death play slow slicing
95CCSTIadQQ-00833-00180854-00181094 disembowelment crucifixion empowerment
95CCSTIadQQ-00834-00181095-00181303 crushing stoning execution by Bernie
95CCSTIadQQ-00835-00181304-00181559 dismemberment soaring decapitation SCAF
95CCSTIadQQ-00836-00181560-00181775 ism or necklacing slowed slicing or
95CCSTIadQQ-00837-00181776-00181961 death by of a thousand cuts was a form
95CCSTIadQQ-00838-00181962-00182162 of execution used in China from roughly
95CCSTIadQQ-00839-00182163-00182446 900 AD to its abolition in 1905
95CCSTIadQQ-00840-00182447-00182684 according to apocryphal law Ling che
95CCSTIadQQ-00841-00182685-00182846 began when the torturer wielding an
95CCSTIadQQ-00842-00182847-00183038 extremely sharp knife began by putting
95CCSTIadQQ-00843-00183039-00183185 out the eyes rendering the condemned
95CCSTIadQQ-00844-00183186-00183353 incapable of seeing the remainder of the
95CCSTIadQQ-00845-00183354-00183500 torturer and presumably adding
95CCSTIadQQ-00846-00183501-00183679 considerably to the psychological terror
95CCSTIadQQ-00847-00183680-00183947 of the procedure successive rather minor
95CCSTIadQQ-00848-00183948-00184181 cuts chopped off his nose tongue fingers
95CCSTIadQQ-00849-00184182-00184354 toes and such before proceeding to
95CCSTIadQQ-00850-00184355-00184535 grosser cuts that removed live collars
95CCSTIadQQ-00851-00184536-00184741 of flesh from more sizable parts eg
95CCSTIadQQ-00852-00184742-00185000 thighs and shoulders the entire process
95CCSTIadQQ-00853-00185001-00185239 was said to last three days and to total
95CCSTIadQQ-00854-00185240-00185566 3600 cuts the heavily carved bodies of
95CCSTIadQQ-00855-00185567-00185714 the deceased were then put on a parade
95CCSTIadQQ-00856-00185715-00185972 for a show in the public more typical
95CCSTIadQQ-00857-00185973-00186113 was to bribe the executioner to
95CCSTIadQQ-00858-00186114-00186281 administer hasty death to the victim
95CCSTIadQQ-00859-00186282-00186476 after a small number of dramatic slices
95CCSTIadQQ-00860-00186477-00186656 inflicted for showmanship empowerment
95CCSTIadQQ-00861-00186657-00186827 was a method of torture and execution
95CCSTIadQQ-00862-00186828-00186995 whereby a person is pieced with a long
95CCSTIadQQ-00863-00186996-00187238 stake the penetration can be through the
95CCSTIadQQ-00864-00187239-00187400 sides from the rectum or through the
95CCSTIadQQ-00865-00187401-00187652 mouth or vagina this method would lead
95CCSTIadQQ-00866-00187653-00187907 to slow painful death often the victim
95CCSTIadQQ-00867-00187908-00188090 was hoisted into the air after partial
95CCSTIadQQ-00868-00188091-00188341 empowerment gravity and the victims own
95CCSTIadQQ-00869-00188342-00188501 struggles would cause him to slide down
95CCSTIadQQ-00870-00188502-00188734 the pole that could take many days
95CCSTIadQQ-00871-00188735-00188960 imperiling was frequently practiced in
95CCSTIadQQ-00872-00188961-00189103 asia and europe throughout the Middle
95CCSTIadQQ-00873-00189104-00189371 Ages Vlad freed Dracula and ivan the
95CCSTIadQQ-00874-00189372-00189541 terrible' have passed into legend as
95CCSTIadQQ-00875-00189542-00189715 major users of the method the breaking
95CCSTIadQQ-00876-00189716-00189904 wheel was a torturous capital punishment
95CCSTIadQQ-00877-00189905-00190094 device used in the Middle Ages in early
95CCSTIadQQ-00878-00190095-00190279 modern times for public execution by
95CCSTIadQQ-00879-00190280-00190465 cudgelling to death especially in France
95CCSTIadQQ-00880-00190466-00190712 in Germany in France the condemned were
95CCSTIadQQ-00881-00190713-00190865 placed on a cartwheel with their limbs
95CCSTIadQQ-00882-00190866-00191033 stretched out along the spokes over to
95CCSTIadQQ-00883-00191034-00191140 sturdy wooden beams
95CCSTIadQQ-00884-00191141-00191387 the wheel was made to slowly revolve
95CCSTIadQQ-00885-00191388-00191561 through the openings between the spokes
95CCSTIadQQ-00886-00191562-00191740 the executioner hit the victim with an
95CCSTIadQQ-00887-00191741-00191900 iron hammer that could easily break the
95CCSTIadQQ-00888-00191901-00192140 victims bones this process was repeated
95CCSTIadQQ-00889-00192141-00192377 several times per limb once his bones
95CCSTIadQQ-00890-00192378-00192449 were broken
95CCSTIadQQ-00891-00192450-00192683 he was left on the will to die he could
95CCSTIadQQ-00892-00192684-00192890 take hours even days before shock and
95CCSTIadQQ-00893-00192891-00193151 dehydration caused death the punishment
95CCSTIadQQ-00894-00193152-00193859 was abolished in Germany as late as 1827
95CCSTIadQQ-00895-00193860-00194506 topic etymology the word torture comes
95CCSTIadQQ-00896-00194507-00194676 from the French torture originating in
95CCSTIadQQ-00897-00194677-00194838 the late latin torturer and ultimately
95CCSTIadQQ-00898-00194839-00195036 deriving the past participle of Torchio
95CCSTIadQQ-00899-00195037-00195300 meaning to twist the word is also used
95CCSTIadQQ-00900-00195301-00195438 loosely to describe more ordinary
95CCSTIadQQ-00901-00195439-00195595 discomforts that would be accurately
95CCSTIadQQ-00902-00195596-00195783 described as tedious rather than painful
95CCSTIadQQ-00903-00195784-00196006 for example making this spreadsheet was
95CCSTIadQQ-00904-00196007-00196296 torture according to die de Rodes
95CCSTIadQQ-00905-00196297-00196497 encyclopedia torture was also referred
95CCSTIadQQ-00906-00196498-00196803 to as the question in 17th century
95CCSTIadQQ-00907-00196804-00197020 France this term is derived from torches
95CCSTIadQQ-00908-00197021-00197214 use in criminal cases as the accused is
95CCSTIadQQ-00909-00197215-00197361 tortured the torturers would typically
95CCSTIadQQ-00910-00197362-00197514 ask questions to the accused in an
95CCSTIadQQ-00911-00197515-00198149 effort to learn more about the crime
95CCSTIadQQ-00912-00198150-00199015 topic religious perspectives
95CCSTIadQQ-00913-00199016-00199643 topic Roman Catholic Church throughout
95CCSTIadQQ-00914-00199644-00199763 the early Middle Ages
95CCSTIadQQ-00915-00199764-00199928 the Catholic Church generally opposed
95CCSTIadQQ-00916-00199929-00200084 the use of torture during criminal
95CCSTIadQQ-00917-00200085-00200309 proceedings this is evident from a
95CCSTIadQQ-00918-00200310-00200486 letter sent by Pope Saint Nicholas that
95CCSTIadQQ-00919-00200487-00200651 great to Kahn virus of the bull bees in
95CCSTIadQQ-00920-00200652-00200975 AD 866 delivered in response to a series
95CCSTIadQQ-00921-00200976-00201110 of questions from the former and
95CCSTIadQQ-00922-00201111-00201218 concerned with the ongoing
95CCSTIadQQ-00923-00201219-00201458 Christianisation of Bulgaria had
95CCSTIadQQ-00924-00201459-00201656 consulted Ezra as entitled in Latin
95CCSTIadQQ-00925-00201657-00201809 declared judicial torture to be a
95CCSTIadQQ-00926-00201810-00201992 practice that was fundamentally contrary
95CCSTIadQQ-00927-00201993-00202229 to divine law the pontiff made it a
95CCSTIadQQ-00928-00202230-00202403 point of incontrovertible truth that in
95CCSTIadQQ-00929-00202404-00202628 his own words confession to a crime
95CCSTIadQQ-00930-00202629-00202868 should be spontaneous not compelled and
95CCSTIadQQ-00931-00202869-00203057 should not be elicited with violence but
95CCSTIadQQ-00932-00203058-00203393 rather preferred voluntarily he argued
95CCSTIadQQ-00933-00203394-00203537 for an alternative and more humane
95CCSTIadQQ-00934-00203538-00203720 procedure in which the accused person
95CCSTIadQQ-00935-00203721-00203849 would be required to swear an oath of
95CCSTIadQQ-00936-00203850-00204077 innocence upon the holy gospel that he
95CCSTIadQQ-00937-00204078-00204263 did not commit the crime which is laid
95CCSTIadQQ-00938-00204264-00204437 against him and from that moment on the
95CCSTIadQQ-00939-00204438-00204676 matter is to be put at an end
95CCSTIadQQ-00940-00204677-00204898 Nicholas likewise stressed in the same
95CCSTIadQQ-00941-00204900-00205106 letter that those who refused to receive
95CCSTIadQQ-00942-00205107-00205304 the good of Christianity and sacrifice
95CCSTIadQQ-00943-00205305-00205607 and bend their knees to idols were to be
95CCSTIadQQ-00944-00205608-00205766 moved towards accepting the true faith
95CCSTIadQQ-00945-00205767-00206044 by warnings exhortations and reason
95CCSTIadQQ-00946-00206046-00206315 rather than by force emphasizing to this
95CCSTIadQQ-00947-00206316-00206552 end that violence should by no means be
95CCSTIadQQ-00948-00206553-00206740 inflicted upon him to make them believe
95CCSTIadQQ-00949-00206741-00206966 for everything which is not voluntary
95CCSTIadQQ-00950-00206967-00207251 cannot be good in the high middle ages
95CCSTIadQQ-00951-00207252-00207446 the church became increasingly concerned
95CCSTIadQQ-00952-00207446-00207592 with the perceived threat posed to its
95CCSTIadQQ-00953-00207594-00207761 existence by resurgent heresy in
95CCSTIadQQ-00954-00207762-00207902 particular that attributed to a
95CCSTIadQQ-00955-00207903-00208078 purported sect known as the Cathars
95CCSTIadQQ-00956-00208079-00208328 katha ISM had its roots in the polishin
95CCSTIadQQ-00957-00208329-00208478 movement in Armenia and Eastern
95CCSTIadQQ-00958-00208479-00208667 Byzantine Anatolia and the Bogomils of
95CCSTIadQQ-00959-00208667-00208937 the first Bulgarian Empire consequently
95CCSTIadQQ-00960-00208938-00209126 the church began to enjoin secular
95CCSTIadQQ-00961-00209127-00209303 rulers to extirpate heresy lest the
95CCSTIadQQ-00962-00209304-00209473 rulers Catholic subjects be absolved
95CCSTIadQQ-00963-00209475-00209617 from their allegiance and in order to
95CCSTIadQQ-00964-00209619-00209813 coerce heretics or witnesses into
95CCSTIadQQ-00965-00209814-00209981 confessing their errors and accusing
95CCSTIadQQ-00966-00209982-00210221 others decided to sanction the use of
95CCSTIadQQ-00967-00210221-00210410 methods of torture already utilized by
95CCSTIadQQ-00968-00210411-00210548 secular governments in other criminal
95CCSTIadQQ-00969-00210548-00210748 procedures due to the recovery of Roman
95CCSTIadQQ-00970-00210750-00211010 law in the medieval inquisitions however
95CCSTIadQQ-00971-00211011-00211178 Pope Innocent the fourth in the bull
95CCSTIadQQ-00972-00211179-00211423 addicts to pander the 15th of May 1252
95CCSTIadQQ-00973-00211425-00211601 stipulated that the inquisitors were to
95CCSTIadQQ-00974-00211602-00212015 stop short of danger to life or limb the
95CCSTIadQQ-00975-00212016-00212194 modern church's views regarding torture
95CCSTIadQQ-00976-00212196-00212296 have changed drastic
95CCSTIadQQ-00977-00212298-00212482 largely reverting to the earlier stance
95CCSTIadQQ-00978-00212483-00212804 in 1953 in an address to the sixth
95CCSTIadQQ-00979-00212805-00212996 international congress of penal law Pope
95CCSTIadQQ-00980-00212996-00213206 Pius the 12th approvingly reiterated the
95CCSTIadQQ-00981-00213207-00213382 position of Pope Nicholas the great over
95CCSTIadQQ-00982-00213383-00213535 a thousand years before him when his
95CCSTIadQQ-00983-00213536-00213719 predecessor had unilaterally opposed the
95CCSTIadQQ-00984-00213719-00213887 use of judicial torture stating
95CCSTIadQQ-00985-00213888-00214069 preliminary juridical proceedings must
95CCSTIadQQ-00986-00214071-00214205 exclude physical and psychological
95CCSTIadQQ-00987-00214206-00214430 torture in the use of drugs first of all
95CCSTIadQQ-00988-00214431-00214573 because they violate a natural right
95CCSTIadQQ-00989-00214575-00214763 even if the accused is indeed guilty and
95CCSTIadQQ-00990-00214764-00214940 secondly because all too often they give
95CCSTIadQQ-00991-00214941-00215279 rise to erroneous results about eleven
95CCSTIadQQ-00992-00215280-00215555 hundred years ago in 866 the great Pope
95CCSTIadQQ-00993-00215556-00215696 Nicholas the first replied in the
95CCSTIadQQ-00994-00215696-00215869 following way to a question posed by a
95CCSTIadQQ-00995-00215871-00216031 people which had just come into contact
95CCSTIadQQ-00996-00216032-00216341 with Christianity who would not wish
95CCSTIadQQ-00997-00216342-00216488 that during the long period of time
95CCSTIadQQ-00998-00216489-00216656 elapsed since then justice had never
95CCSTIadQQ-00999-00216657-00216902 laid this rule aside the need to recall
95CCSTIadQQ-01000-00216903-00217055 the warning given eleven hundred years
95CCSTIadQQ-01001-00217056-00217246 ago is a sad sign of the miscarriages of
95CCSTIadQQ-01002-00217248-00217388 Jared achill practice in the 20th
95CCSTIadQQ-01003-00217389-00217601 century thus the Catechism of the
95CCSTIadQQ-01004-00217602-00217826 Catholic Church published in 1994
95CCSTIadQQ-01005-00217827-00217991 condemns the use of torture as a grave
95CCSTIadQQ-01006-00217992-00218363 violation of human rights in no 2 297
95CCSTIadQQ-01007-00218364-00218714 229 aided state torture which uses
95CCSTIadQQ-01008-00218715-00218903 physical or moral violence to extract
95CCSTIadQQ-01009-00218904-00219094 confessions punish the guilty frighten
95CCSTIadQQ-01010-00219096-00219296 opponents or satisfy hatred is contrary
95CCSTIadQQ-01011-00219296-00219467 to respect for the person and for human
95CCSTIadQQ-01012-00219467-00219623 dignity
95CCSTIadQQ-01013-00219625-00219848 in times past cruel practices were
95CCSTIadQQ-01014-00219850-00220023 commonly used by legitimate governments
95CCSTIadQQ-01015-00220023-00220196 to maintain law and order often without
95CCSTIadQQ-01016-00220198-00220353 protest from the pastors of the church
95CCSTIadQQ-01017-00220354-00220527 who themselves adopted in their own
95CCSTIadQQ-01018-00220528-00220706 tribunals the prescriptions of Roman law
95CCSTIadQQ-01019-00220707-00220962 concerning torture regrettable as these
95CCSTIadQQ-01020-00220963-00221144 facts are the church always taught the
95CCSTIadQQ-01021-00221146-00221415 duty of clemency and mercy she forbade
95CCSTIadQQ-01022-00221416-00221646 clerics to shed blood in recent times it
95CCSTIadQQ-01023-00221646-00221783 has become evident that these cruel
95CCSTIadQQ-01024-00221784-00221946 practices were neither necessary for
95CCSTIadQQ-01025-00221946-00222131 public order nor in conformity with the
95CCSTIadQQ-01026-00222132-00222380 legitimate rights of the human person on
95CCSTIadQQ-01027-00222381-00222576 the contrary these practices led to
95CCSTIadQQ-01028-00222577-00222801 one's even more degrading it is
95CCSTIadQQ-01029-00222802-00223023 necessary to work for their abolition we
95CCSTIadQQ-01030-00223023-00223155 must pray for the victims in their
95CCSTIadQQ-01031-00223156-00223614 tormentors
95CCSTIadQQ-01032-00223615-00224230 topic Sharia law the prevalent view
95CCSTIadQQ-01033-00224231-00224389 among jurists of Sharia law is that
95CCSTIadQQ-01034-00224390-00224560 torture is permissible only for the
95CCSTIadQQ-01035-00224561-00224823 maintenance of law and order violations
95CCSTIadQQ-01036-00224825-00225001 in some stricter jurisdictions include
95CCSTIadQQ-01037-00225002-00225181 acts of public indecency or immorality
95CCSTIadQQ-01038-00225182-00225442 which can result in floggings other
95CCSTIadQQ-01039-00225442-00225610 Sharia derived punishments that might
95CCSTIadQQ-01040-00225611-00225787 overlap with widely held notions of
95CCSTIadQQ-01041-00225788-00225952 torture include the various forms of
95CCSTIadQQ-01042-00225953-00226432 Haddad
95CCSTIadQQ-01043-00226433-00226921 topic in Judaism
95CCSTIadQQ-01044-00226921-00227167 torture has no presence within Holika
95CCSTIadQQ-01045-00227169-00227387 they did once exist a system of capital
95CCSTIadQQ-01046-00227388-00227564 and corporal punishment in Judaism as
95CCSTIadQQ-01047-00227565-00227741 well as a flagellation statute for
95CCSTIadQQ-01048-00227742-00227906 non-capital offenses but it was all
95CCSTIadQQ-01049-00227907-00228065 abolished by the Sanhedrin during the
95CCSTIadQQ-01050-00228066-00228198 Second Temple period
95CCSTIadQQ-01051-00228200-00228425 Maimonides issued a ruling in the case
95CCSTIadQQ-01052-00228426-00228610 of a man who was ordered by a Beth Din
95CCSTIadQQ-01053-00228611-00228821 to divorce his wife and refused that we
95CCSTIadQQ-01054-00228821-00229028 coerce him until he states I want to
95CCSTIadQQ-01055-00229029-00229256 this is only true in cases where
95CCSTIadQQ-01056-00229257-00229421 specific grounds for the verdict exist
95CCSTIadQQ-01057-00229421-00229744 in the 1990s some activist rabbis had
95CCSTIadQQ-01058-00229746-00229892 interpreted this statement to mean that
95CCSTIadQQ-01059-00229892-00230021 torture could be applied against
95CCSTIadQQ-01060-00230021-00230189 husbands in troubled marriages in order
95CCSTIadQQ-01061-00230190-00230330 to force them into granting religious
95CCSTIadQQ-01062-00230331-00230564 divorces to their wives these rabbis
95CCSTIadQQ-01063-00230565-00230777 were later implicated in the 2013 New
95CCSTIadQQ-01064-00230778-00231359 York divorce torture plot
95CCSTIadQQ-01065-00231360-00231919 topic laws against torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01066-00231919-00232213 on the 10th of December 1948 the United
95CCSTIadQQ-01067-00232214-00232380 Nations General Assembly adopted the
95CCSTIadQQ-01068-00232381-00232540 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
95CCSTIadQQ-01069-00232541-00232932 UDHR article 5 states no one shall be
95CCSTIadQQ-01070-00232933-00233173 subjected to torture or to cruel inhuman
95CCSTIadQQ-01071-00233173-00233394 or degrading treatment or punishment
95CCSTIadQQ-01072-00233394-00233626 since that time a number of other
95CCSTIadQQ-01073-00233627-00233778 international treaties have been adopted
95CCSTIadQQ-01074-00233779-00233931 to prevent the use of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01075-00233932-00234151 the most notable treaties relating to
95CCSTIadQQ-01076-00234152-00234285 torture are the United Nations
95CCSTIadQQ-01077-00234286-00234421 Convention Against Torture and the
95CCSTIadQQ-01078-00234421-00234646 Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their
95CCSTIadQQ-01079-00234646-00234823 additional protocols i and ii of the 8th
95CCSTIadQQ-01080-00234823-00235421 of june 1977
95CCSTIadQQ-01081-00235421-00235737 topic United Nations Convention Against
95CCSTIadQQ-01082-00235738-00236259 Torture the United Nations Convention
95CCSTIadQQ-01083-00236260-00236454 Against Torture and other cruel inhuman
95CCSTIadQQ-01084-00236455-00236594 or degrading treatment or punishment
95CCSTIadQQ-01085-00236596-00236969 came into force in June 1987 the most
95CCSTIadQQ-01086-00236971-00237242 relevant articles are articles 1 2 3 and
95CCSTIadQQ-01087-00237244-00237615 16 article 11 for the purposes of this
95CCSTIadQQ-01088-00237616-00237879 convention the word torture means any
95CCSTIadQQ-01089-00237880-00238046 act by which severe pain or suffering
95CCSTIadQQ-01090-00238048-00238215 with a physical or mental is
95CCSTIadQQ-01091-00238216-00238386 intentionally inflicted on a person for
95CCSTIadQQ-01092-00238387-00238575 such purposes as obtaining from him or
95CCSTIadQQ-01093-00238576-00238746 third person information or a confession
95CCSTIadQQ-01094-00238746-00238959 punishing him for an act he or a third
95CCSTIadQQ-01095-00238960-00239148 person has committed or is suspected of
95CCSTIadQQ-01096-00239148-00239307 having committed or intimidating or
95CCSTIadQQ-01097-00239308-00239502 coercing him or a third person or for
95CCSTIadQQ-01098-00239503-00239679 any reason based on discrimination of
95CCSTIadQQ-01099-00239680-00239742 any kind
95CCSTIadQQ-01100-00239742-00239931 when such pain or suffering is inflicted
95CCSTIadQQ-01101-00239932-00240102 by or at the instigation of or with the
95CCSTIadQQ-01102-00240103-00240276 consent or acquiescence of a public
95CCSTIadQQ-01103-00240277-00240450 official or other person acting in an
95CCSTIadQQ-01104-00240451-00240687 official capacity it does not include
95CCSTIadQQ-01105-00240688-00240885 pain or suffering arising only from
95CCSTIadQQ-01106-00240886-00241067 inherently nor incidental to lawful
95CCSTIadQQ-01107-00241069-00241380 sanctions to this article is without
95CCSTIadQQ-01108-00241381-00241536 prejudice to any international
95CCSTIadQQ-01109-00241537-00241716 instrument or national legislation which
95CCSTIadQQ-01110-00241717-00241875 has or may contain provisions of wider
95CCSTIadQQ-01111-00241876-00242267 application article 21 each state party
95CCSTIadQQ-01112-00242269-00242417 shall take effective legislative
95CCSTIadQQ-01113-00242419-00242573 administrative judicial or other
95CCSTIadQQ-01114-00242575-00242751 measures to prevent acts of torture in
95CCSTIadQQ-01115-00242752-00243048 any territory under its jurisdiction to
95CCSTIadQQ-01116-00243048-00243228 know exceptional circumstances
95CCSTIadQQ-01117-00243229-00243414 whatsoever whether a state of war or a
95CCSTIadQQ-01118-00243415-00243558 threat of war internal political
95CCSTIadQQ-01119-00243559-00243741 instability or any other public
95CCSTIadQQ-01120-00243742-00243896 emergency may be invoked as a
95CCSTIadQQ-01121-00243898-00244223 justification of torture free an order
95CCSTIadQQ-01122-00244225-00244404 from a superior officer or a public
95CCSTIadQQ-01123-00244405-00244554 authority may not be invoked as a
95CCSTIadQQ-01124-00244555-00244935 justification of torture article 31 no
95CCSTIadQQ-01125-00244936-00245184 state party shall expel return reef ala
95CCSTIadQQ-01126-00245185-00245427 all extradite a person to another state
95CCSTIadQQ-01127-00245428-00245580 where there are substantial grounds for
95CCSTIadQQ-01128-00245581-00245739 believing that he would be in danger of
95CCSTIadQQ-01129-00245740-00246042 being subjected to torture 2 for the
95CCSTIadQQ-01130-00246042-00246192 purpose of determining whether there are
95CCSTIadQQ-01131-00246192-00246366 such grounds the competent authorities
95CCSTIadQQ-01132-00246367-00246542 shall take into account all relevant
95CCSTIadQQ-01133-00246544-00246681 considerations including where
95CCSTIadQQ-01134-00246682-00246840 applicable the existence in the state
95CCSTIadQQ-01135-00246841-00247017 concern of a consistent pattern of gross
95CCSTIadQQ-01136-00247017-00247206 flagrant or mass violations of human
95CCSTIadQQ-01137-00247207-00247611 rights article 161 each state party
95CCSTIadQQ-01138-00247612-00247791 shall undertake to prevent in any
95CCSTIadQQ-01139-00247792-00247959 territory under its jurisdiction other
95CCSTIadQQ-01140-00247960-00248103 acts of cruel inhuman or degrading
95CCSTIadQQ-01141-00248104-00248286 treatment or punishment which do not
95CCSTIadQQ-01142-00248287-00248484 amount to torture is defined in article
95CCSTIadQQ-01143-00248485-00248667 1 when such acts are committed by or at
95CCSTIadQQ-01144-00248667-00248715 the inste
95CCSTIadQQ-01145-00248716-00248883 of all with the consent or acquiescence
95CCSTIadQQ-01146-00248884-00249084 of a public official or other person
95CCSTIadQQ-01147-00249085-00249317 acting in an official capacity in
95CCSTIadQQ-01148-00249319-00249519 particular the obligations contained in
95CCSTIadQQ-01149-00249519-00249771 articles 10 11 12 and 13 shall apply
95CCSTIadQQ-01150-00249771-00249942 with the substitution for references to
95CCSTIadQQ-01151-00249942-00250131 torture of references to other forms of
95CCSTIadQQ-01152-00250132-00250319 cruel inhuman or degrading treatment or
95CCSTIadQQ-01153-00250321-00250602 punishment to the provisions of this
95CCSTIadQQ-01154-00250603-00250767 convention are without prejudice to the
95CCSTIadQQ-01155-00250767-00250938 provisions of any other international
95CCSTIadQQ-01156-00250939-00251076 instrument or national law which
95CCSTIadQQ-01157-00251077-00251214 prohibits cruel inhuman or degrading
95CCSTIadQQ-01158-00251215-00251433 treatment or punishment or which relates
95CCSTIadQQ-01159-00251434-00251736 to extradition or expulsion note several
95CCSTIadQQ-01160-00251737-00252123 point article 1 torture is severe pain
95CCSTIadQQ-01161-00252123-00252378 or suffering the European Court of Human
95CCSTIadQQ-01162-00252379-00252644 Rights ECHR influences discussions on
95CCSTIadQQ-01163-00252646-00252896 this area of international law see the
95CCSTIadQQ-01164-00252898-00253046 section other conventions for more
95CCSTIadQQ-01165-00253048-00253392 details on the ECHR ruling article -
95CCSTIadQQ-01166-00253392-00253646 there are no exceptional circumstances
95CCSTIadQQ-01167-00253648-00253857 whatsoever where a state can use torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01168-00253858-00254171 and not break its treaty obligations
95CCSTIadQQ-01169-00254171-00254430 article 16 obliges signatories to
95CCSTIadQQ-01170-00254431-00254655 prevent acts of cruel inhuman or
95CCSTIadQQ-01171-00254656-00254921 degrading treatment or punishment in all
95CCSTIadQQ-01172-00254923-00255496 territories under their jurisdiction
95CCSTIadQQ-01173-00255498-00255776 topic optional protocol to the UN
95CCSTIadQQ-01174-00255777-00256310 Convention Against Torture the optional
95CCSTIadQQ-01175-00256311-00256460 protocol to the Convention Against
95CCSTIadQQ-01176-00256461-00256701 Torture OPC 80 entered into force on the
95CCSTIadQQ-01177-00256702-00256952 22nd of June 2006 is an important
95CCSTIadQQ-01178-00256953-00257228 addition to the UNC 80 as stated in
95CCSTIadQQ-01179-00257229-00257432 article 1 the purpose of the protocol is
95CCSTIadQQ-01180-00257433-00257688 to establish a system of regular visits
95CCSTIadQQ-01181-00257689-00257879 undertaken by independent international
95CCSTIadQQ-01182-00257880-00258080 and national bodies to places where
95CCSTIadQQ-01183-00258081-00258260 people are deprived of their Liberty in
95CCSTIadQQ-01184-00258261-00258431 order to prevent torture and other cruel
95CCSTIadQQ-01185-00258432-00258639 inhuman or degrading treatment or
95CCSTIadQQ-01186-00258640-00258977 punishment each state ratifying the OPC
95CCSTIadQQ-01187-00258978-00259188 80 according to article 17 is
95CCSTIadQQ-01188-00259189-00259379 responsible for creating or maintaining
95CCSTIadQQ-01189-00259380-00259529 at least one independent national
95CCSTIadQQ-01190-00259530-00259665 preventive mechanism for torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01191-00259666-00260239 prevention at the domestic level
95CCSTIadQQ-01192-00260240-00260854 topic UN Special Rapporteur on torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01193-00260855-00261134 the United Nations Commission on human
95CCSTIadQQ-01194-00261135-00261371 rights in 1985 decided to appoint an
95CCSTIadQQ-01195-00261371-00261587 expert a Special Rapporteur to examine
95CCSTIadQQ-01196-00261588-00261803 questions relevant to torture the
95CCSTIadQQ-01197-00261804-00262001 position has been extended up to date on
95CCSTIadQQ-01198-00262002-00262226 the 1st of November 2016
95CCSTIadQQ-01199-00262227-00262388 professor Nils Melser took up the
95CCSTIadQQ-01200-00262389-00262556 function of UN Special Rapporteur on
95CCSTIadQQ-01201-00262557-00262826 torture he warned that specific weapons
95CCSTIadQQ-01202-00262827-00263030 and riot control devices used by police
95CCSTIadQQ-01203-00263031-00263649 and security forces could be illegal
95CCSTIadQQ-01204-00263650-00263881 topic Rome Statute of the International
95CCSTIadQQ-01205-00263882-00264472 Criminal Court the Rome Statute which
95CCSTIadQQ-01206-00264473-00264613 established the International Criminal
95CCSTIadQQ-01207-00264614-00264829 Court ICC provides for criminal
95CCSTIadQQ-01208-00264830-00265021 prosecution of individuals responsible
95CCSTIadQQ-01209-00265022-00265171 for genocide war crimes and crimes
95CCSTIadQQ-01210-00265172-00265450 against humanity the statute defines
95CCSTIadQQ-01211-00265451-00265675 torturers intentional infliction of
95CCSTIadQQ-01212-00265676-00265846 severe pain or suffering whether
95CCSTIadQQ-01213-00265847-00266071 physical or mental upon a person in the
95CCSTIadQQ-01214-00266072-00266248 custody or under the control of the
95CCSTIadQQ-01215-00266249-00266449 accused except that torture shall not
95CCSTIadQQ-01216-00266450-00266659 include pain or suffering arising only
95CCSTIadQQ-01217-00266660-00266929 from inherent in or incidental to lawful
95CCSTIadQQ-01218-00266930-00267271 sanctions under Article 7 of the statute
95CCSTIadQQ-01219-00267272-00267412 torture may be considered a crime
95CCSTIadQQ-01220-00267413-00267628 against humanity when committed as part
95CCSTIadQQ-01221-00267629-00267820 of a widespread or systematic attack
95CCSTIadQQ-01222-00267821-00268048 directed against any civilian population
95CCSTIadQQ-01223-00268049-00268321 with knowledge of the attack particle
95CCSTIadQQ-01224-00268322-00268450 eight of the statute provides that
95CCSTIadQQ-01225-00268451-00268603 torture may also under certain
95CCSTIadQQ-01226-00268604-00268807 circumstances be prosecuted as a war
95CCSTIadQQ-01227-00268808-00269047 crime the ICC came into existence on the
95CCSTIadQQ-01228-00269048-00269290 1st of July 2002 and can only prosecute
95CCSTIadQQ-01229-00269291-00269469 crimes committed on or after that date
95CCSTIadQQ-01230-00269470-00269698 the court can generally exercise
95CCSTIadQQ-01231-00269699-00269884 jurisdiction only in cases where the
95CCSTIadQQ-01232-00269885-00270055 accused is a national of a state party
95CCSTIadQQ-01233-00270056-00270232 to the Rome Statute the alleged crime
95CCSTIadQQ-01234-00270233-00270394 took place on the territory of a state
95CCSTIadQQ-01235-00270395-00270598 party or a situation is referred to the
95CCSTIadQQ-01236-00270599-00270751 court by the United Nations Security
95CCSTIadQQ-01237-00270752-00270997 Council the court is designed to
95CCSTIadQQ-01238-00270998-00271180 complement existing national judicial
95CCSTIadQQ-01239-00271181-00271345 systems it can exercise its jurisdiction
95CCSTIadQQ-01240-00271346-00271558 only when national courts are unwilling
95CCSTIadQQ-01241-00271559-00271711 or unable to investigate or prosecute
95CCSTIadQQ-01242-00271712-00272035 such crimes primary responsibility to
95CCSTIadQQ-01243-00272036-00272194 investigate and punish crimes is
95CCSTIadQQ-01244-00272195-00272825 therefore reserved to individual states
95CCSTIadQQ-01245-00272826-00273471 topic Geneva Conventions the for Geneva
95CCSTIadQQ-01246-00273472-00273629 Conventions provide protection for
95CCSTIadQQ-01247-00273630-00273905 people who fall into enemy hands the
95CCSTIadQQ-01248-00273906-00274055 conventions do not clearly divided
95CCSTIadQQ-01249-00274056-00274239 people into competent and noncombatant
95CCSTIadQQ-01250-00274240-00274610 roles the conventions refer to wounded
95CCSTIadQQ-01251-00274611-00274925 and sick combatants or non-combatants
95CCSTIadQQ-01252-00274926-00275178 civilian persons who take no part in
95CCSTIadQQ-01253-00275179-00275397 hostilities and who while they reside in
95CCSTIadQQ-01254-00275398-00275616 the zones perform no work of a military
95CCSTIadQQ-01255-00275617-00276018 character members of the Armed Forces of
95CCSTIadQQ-01256-00276019-00276189 a party to the conflict as well as
95CCSTIadQQ-01257-00276190-00276396 members of militias or volunteer corps
95CCSTIadQQ-01258-00276397-00276540 forming part of such Armed Forces
95CCSTIadQQ-01259-00276541-00276966 members of other militias and members of
95CCSTIadQQ-01260-00276967-00277188 other volunteer Corps including those of
95CCSTIadQQ-01261-00277189-00277385 organized resistance movements belonging
95CCSTIadQQ-01262-00277386-00277607 to a party to the conflict and operating
95CCSTIadQQ-01263-00277608-00277821 in or outside their own territory even
95CCSTIadQQ-01264-00277822-00278223 if this territory is occupied members of
95CCSTIadQQ-01265-00278224-00278397 regular Armed Forces who profess
95CCSTIadQQ-01266-00278398-00278553 allegiance to a government or an
95CCSTIadQQ-01267-00278554-00278705 authority not recognized by the
95CCSTIadQQ-01268-00278706-00279126 detaining power persons who accompany
95CCSTIadQQ-01269-00279127-00279321 the Armed Forces without actually being
95CCSTIadQQ-01270-00279322-00279540 members thereof such as civilian members
95CCSTIadQQ-01271-00279541-00279717 of military aircraft crews war
95CCSTIadQQ-01272-00279718-00279912 correspondents supply contractors
95CCSTIadQQ-01273-00279913-00280133 members of labor units or of services
95CCSTIadQQ-01274-00280134-00280320 responsible for the welfare of the Armed
95CCSTIadQQ-01275-00280321-00280685 Forces members of crews including
95CCSTIadQQ-01276-00280686-00280941 masters pilots and apprentices of the
95CCSTIadQQ-01277-00280942-00281118 Merchant Marine and the crews of civil
95CCSTIadQQ-01278-00281119-00281471 aircraft of the parties to the conflict
95CCSTIadQQ-01279-00281472-00281735 inhabitants of a non occupied territory
95CCSTIadQQ-01280-00281736-00281877 who on the approach of the enemy
95CCSTIadQQ-01281-00281878-00282104 spontaneously take up arms to resist the
95CCSTIadQQ-01282-00282105-00282312 invading forces without having had time
95CCSTIadQQ-01283-00282313-00282509 to form themselves into regular armed
95CCSTIadQQ-01284-00282510-00282878 units the first GCI second GCI
95CCSTIadQQ-01285-00282879-00283203 third GC III and fourth GC IV Geneva
95CCSTIadQQ-01286-00283204-00283371 Conventions are the four most relevant
95CCSTIadQQ-01287-00283372-00283491 for the treatment of the victims of
95CCSTIadQQ-01288-00283492-00283776 conflicts all treaty states in article 3
95CCSTIadQQ-01289-00283777-00283920 in similar wording that in a
95CCSTIadQQ-01290-00283921-00284148 non-international armed conflict persons
95CCSTIadQQ-01291-00284149-00284337 taking no active part in the hostilities
95CCSTIadQQ-01292-00284338-00284571 including members of Armed Forces who
95CCSTIadQQ-01293-00284572-00284913 have laid down their arms shall in all
95CCSTIadQQ-01294-00284914-00285237 circumstances be treated humanely the
95CCSTIadQQ-01295-00285238-00285393 treaty also states that there must not
95CCSTIadQQ-01296-00285394-00285642 be any violence to life in person in
95CCSTIadQQ-01297-00285643-00285825 particular murder of all kinds
95CCSTIadQQ-01298-00285826-00286122 mutilation cruel treatment and torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01299-00286123-00286425 or outrages upon personal dignity in
95CCSTIadQQ-01300-00286426-00286590 particular humiliating and degrading
95CCSTIadQQ-01301-00286591-00286920 treatment GCI covers wounded combatants
95CCSTIadQQ-01302-00286921-00287091 in an international armed conflict under
95CCSTIadQQ-01303-00287092-00287292 article 12 members of the Armed Forces
95CCSTIadQQ-01304-00287293-00287505 who are sick or wounded shall be
95CCSTIadQQ-01305-00287506-00287660 respected and protected in all
95CCSTIadQQ-01306-00287661-00287880 circumstances they shall be treated
95CCSTIadQQ-01307-00287881-00288099 humanely and cared for by the party to
95CCSTIadQQ-01308-00288100-00288273 the conflict in whose power they may be
95CCSTIadQQ-01309-00288274-00288501 without any adverse distinction founded
95CCSTIadQQ-01310-00288502-00288714 on sex race nationality religion
95CCSTIadQQ-01311-00288715-00288978 political opinions or any other similar
95CCSTIadQQ-01312-00288979-00289266 criteria any attempts upon their lives
95CCSTIadQQ-01313-00289267-00289488 or violence to their persons shall be
95CCSTIadQQ-01314-00289489-00289698 strictly prohibited in particular they
95CCSTIadQQ-01315-00289699-00289865 shall not be murdered or exterminated
95CCSTIadQQ-01316-00289866-00290112 subjected to torture or to biological
95CCSTIadQQ-01317-00290113-00290556 experiments G CII covers shipwreck
95CCSTIadQQ-01318-00290557-00290715 survivors at sea in an international
95CCSTIadQQ-01319-00290716-00291003 armed conflict under Article 12 persons
95CCSTIadQQ-01320-00291004-00291228 who are at sea and who are wounded sick
95CCSTIadQQ-01321-00291229-00291423 or shipwrecked shall be respected and
95CCSTIadQQ-01322-00291424-00291639 protected in all circumstances it being
95CCSTIadQQ-01323-00291640-00291963 understood that the term shipwreck means
95CCSTIadQQ-01324-00291964-00292155 shipwreck from any cause and includes
95CCSTIadQQ-01325-00292156-00292344 forced landings at sea by or from
95CCSTIadQQ-01326-00292345-00292634 aircraft such persons shall be treated
95CCSTIadQQ-01327-00292635-00292854 humanely and cared for by the parties to
95CCSTIadQQ-01328-00292855-00293049 the conflict in whose power they may be
95CCSTIadQQ-01329-00293050-00293280 without any adverse distinction founded
95CCSTIadQQ-01330-00293281-00293496 on sex race nationality religion
95CCSTIadQQ-01331-00293497-00293759 political opinions or any other similar
95CCSTIadQQ-01332-00293760-00294063 criteria any attempts upon their lives
95CCSTIadQQ-01333-00294064-00294297 or violence to their persons shall be
95CCSTIadQQ-01334-00294298-00294506 strictly prohibited in particular they
95CCSTIadQQ-01335-00294507-00294702 shall not be murdered or exterminated
95CCSTIadQQ-01336-00294703-00294932 subjected to torture or to biological
95CCSTIadQQ-01337-00294933-00295374 experiments GC III covers the treatment
95CCSTIadQQ-01338-00295375-00295530 of prisoners of war powers in an
95CCSTIadQQ-01339-00295531-00295680 international armed conflict in
95CCSTIadQQ-01340-00295681-00295989 particular article 17 says that no
95CCSTIadQQ-01341-00295990-00296214 physical or mental torture nor any other
95CCSTIadQQ-01342-00296215-00296454 form of coercion may be inflicted on
95CCSTIadQQ-01343-00296455-00296630 prisoners of war to secure from them
95CCSTIadQQ-01344-00296631-00296846 information of any kind whatever
95CCSTIadQQ-01345-00296847-00297080 prisoners of war who refused to answer
95CCSTIadQQ-01346-00297081-00297284 may not be threatened insulted or
95CCSTIadQQ-01347-00297285-00297447 exposed to unpleasant or thus
95CCSTIadQQ-01348-00297448-00297768 advantageous treatment of any kind power
95CCSTIadQQ-01349-00297769-00297996 status under G C III has far fewer
95CCSTIadQQ-01350-00297997-00298293 exemptions than protected person status
95CCSTIadQQ-01351-00298294-00298548 under G C IV captured combatants in an
95CCSTIadQQ-01352-00298549-00298677 international armed conflict
95CCSTIadQQ-01353-00298678-00298859 automatically have the protection of G C
95CCSTIadQQ-01354-00298860-00299088 III and a powers under G C III unless
95CCSTIadQQ-01355-00299089-00299244 they are determined by a competent
95CCSTIadQQ-01356-00299245-00299420 tribunal to not be a power G's
95CCSTIadQQ-01357-00299421-00299833 article 5 GC IV covers most civilians in
95CCSTIadQQ-01358-00299834-00300017 an international armed conflict and says
95CCSTIadQQ-01359-00300018-00300302 they are usually protected persons see
95CCSTIadQQ-01360-00300303-00300470 exemptions section immediately after
95CCSTIadQQ-01361-00300471-00300668 this for those who are not under article
95CCSTIadQQ-01362-00300669-00300848 32 civilians have the right to
95CCSTIadQQ-01363-00300849-00301052 protection from murder torture corporal
95CCSTIadQQ-01364-00301053-00301241 punishments mutilation and medical or
95CCSTIadQQ-01365-00301242-00301483 scientific experiments
95CCSTIadQQ-01366-00301484-00301663 . but also to any other measures of
95CCSTIadQQ-01367-00301664-00301855 brutality whether applied by civilian or
95CCSTIadQQ-01368-00301856-00302584 military agents topic geneva convention
95CCSTIadQQ-01369-00302585-00303154 IV exemptions GC IV provides an
95CCSTIadQQ-01370-00303155-00303403 important exemption we're in the
95CCSTIadQQ-01371-00303404-00303574 territory of a party to the conflict
95CCSTIadQQ-01372-00303575-00303706 the letter is satisfied that an
95CCSTIadQQ-01373-00303707-00303859 individual protected person is
95CCSTIadQQ-01374-00303860-00304036 definitely suspected of or engaged in
95CCSTIadQQ-01375-00304037-00304219 activities hostile to the security of
95CCSTIadQQ-01376-00304220-00304408 the state such individual person shall
95CCSTIadQQ-01377-00304409-00304597 not be entitled to claim such rights and
95CCSTIadQQ-01378-00304598-00304735 privileges under the present convention
95CCSTIadQQ-01379-00304736-00305152 iegc IV as would be prejudicial to the
95CCSTIadQQ-01380-00305153-00305373 security of such state
95CCSTIadQQ-01381-00305374-00305589 in each case such persons shall
95CCSTIadQQ-01382-00305590-00305802 nevertheless be treated with humanity GC
95CCSTIadQQ-01383-00305803-00306141 IV article 5 also Nationals of a state
95CCSTIadQQ-01384-00306142-00306294 not bound by the Convention and not
95CCSTIadQQ-01385-00306295-00306453 protected by it and Nationals of a
95CCSTIadQQ-01386-00306454-00306597 neutral state in the territory of a
95CCSTIadQQ-01387-00306598-00306753 competent state and Nationals of a
95CCSTIadQQ-01388-00306754-00306930 co-belligerent state cannot claim the
95CCSTIadQQ-01389-00306931-00307131 protection of GC IV if their home state
95CCSTIadQQ-01390-00307132-00307338 has normal diplomatic representation in
95CCSTIadQQ-01391-00307339-00307530 the state that holds them article 4 as
95CCSTIadQQ-01392-00307531-00307692 their diplomatic representatives can
95CCSTIadQQ-01393-00307693-00307890 take steps to protect them the
95CCSTIadQQ-01394-00307891-00308043 requirement to treat persons with
95CCSTIadQQ-01395-00308044-00308283 humanity implies that it is still
95CCSTIadQQ-01396-00308284-00308454 prohibited to torture individuals not
95CCSTIadQQ-01397-00308455-00308736 protected by the convention the George W
95CCSTIadQQ-01398-00308737-00308910 Bush administration afforded fewer
95CCSTIadQQ-01399-00308911-00309165 protections under GC III to detainees in
95CCSTIadQQ-01400-00309166-00309471 the war on terror by codifying the legal
95CCSTIadQQ-01401-00309472-00309780 status of an unlawful combatant if there
95CCSTIadQQ-01402-00309781-00309930 is a question of whether a person is a
95CCSTIadQQ-01403-00309931-00310131 lawful combatant he or she must be
95CCSTIadQQ-01404-00310132-00310329 treated as a power until their status
95CCSTIadQQ-01405-00310330-00310500 has been determined by a competent
95CCSTIadQQ-01406-00310501-00310848 tribunal GC III article 5 if the
95CCSTIadQQ-01407-00310849-00311040 tribunal decides that he is an unlawful
95CCSTIadQQ-01408-00311041-00311190 combatant he is not considered a
95CCSTIadQQ-01409-00311191-00311511 protected person under GC III however if
95CCSTIadQQ-01410-00311512-00311751 he is a protected person under GC IV he
95CCSTIadQQ-01411-00311752-00311949 still has some protection under GC IV
95CCSTIadQQ-01412-00311950-00312195 and must be treated with humanity and in
95CCSTIadQQ-01413-00312196-00312405 case of trial shall not be deprived of
95CCSTIadQQ-01414-00312406-00312573 the rights of fair and regular trial
95CCSTIadQQ-01415-00312574-00312903 prescribed by the present convention GC
95CCSTIadQQ-01416-00312904-00313644 IV article 5 topic additional protocols
95CCSTIadQQ-01417-00313645-00314039 to the Geneva Conventions
95CCSTIadQQ-01418-00314040-00314289 there are two additional protocols to
95CCSTIadQQ-01419-00314290-00314562 the Geneva Convention protocol like 1977
95CCSTIadQQ-01420-00314563-00314763 relating to the protection of victims of
95CCSTIadQQ-01421-00314764-00314913 international armed conflicts and
95CCSTIadQQ-01422-00314914-00315179 protocol to 1977 relating to the
95CCSTIadQQ-01423-00315180-00315279 protection of victims of
95CCSTIadQQ-01424-00315280-00315528 non-international armed conflicts these
95CCSTIadQQ-01425-00315529-00315741 clarify and extended definitions in some
95CCSTIadQQ-01426-00315742-00315900 areas but to date many countries
95CCSTIadQQ-01427-00315901-00316077 including the United States have either
95CCSTIadQQ-01428-00316078-00316208 not signed them or have not ratified
95CCSTIadQQ-01429-00316209-00316532 them protocol I does not mention torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01430-00316533-00316668 but it does affect the treatment of
95CCSTIadQQ-01431-00316669-00316938 powers and protected persons in article
95CCSTIadQQ-01432-00316939-00317180 5 the protocol explicitly involves the
95CCSTIadQQ-01433-00317181-00317367 appointment of protecting powers and of
95CCSTIadQQ-01434-00317368-00317577 their substitute to monitor that the
95CCSTIadQQ-01435-00317578-00317742 parties to the conflict are enforcing
95CCSTIadQQ-01436-00317743-00317970 the conventions the protocol also
95CCSTIadQQ-01437-00317971-00318134 broadens the definition of a lawful
95CCSTIadQQ-01438-00318135-00318327 combatant in wars against alien
95CCSTIadQQ-01439-00318328-00318537 occupation colonial domination and
95CCSTIadQQ-01440-00318538-00318771 racist regimes to include those who
95CCSTIadQQ-01441-00318772-00318956 carry arms openly but are not wearing
95CCSTIadQQ-01442-00318957-00319149 uniforms so that they are now lawful
95CCSTIadQQ-01443-00319150-00319307 competence and protected by the Geneva
95CCSTIadQQ-01444-00319308-00319515 Conventions although only if the
95CCSTIadQQ-01445-00319516-00319735 occupying power has ratified protocol i
95CCSTIadQQ-01446-00319736-00319947 under the original conventions
95CCSTIadQQ-01447-00319948-00320118 competence without a recognizable
95CCSTIadQQ-01448-00320119-00320262 insignia could be treated as war
95CCSTIadQQ-01449-00320263-00320534 criminals and potentially be executed it
95CCSTIadQQ-01450-00320535-00320745 also mentioned spies and defines who is
95CCSTIadQQ-01451-00320746-00320957 a mercenary mercenaries and spies are
95CCSTIadQQ-01452-00320958-00321104 considered an unlawful combatant
95CCSTIadQQ-01453-00321105-00321228 and not protected by the same
95CCSTIadQQ-01454-00321229-00321578 conventions protocol two develops in
95CCSTIadQQ-01455-00321579-00321798 supplements article 3 relating to the
95CCSTIadQQ-01456-00321799-00321908 protection of victims of
95CCSTIadQQ-01457-00321909-00322133 non-international armed conflicts common
95CCSTIadQQ-01458-00322134-00322328 to the Geneva Conventions of the 12th of
95CCSTIadQQ-01459-00322329-00322596 August 1949 without modifying its
95CCSTIadQQ-01460-00322597-00322838 existing conditions of application
95CCSTIadQQ-01461-00322839-00323118 article 1 any person who does not take
95CCSTIadQQ-01462-00323119-00323274 part in or cease to take part in
95CCSTIadQQ-01463-00323275-00323439 hostilities is entitled to humane
95CCSTIadQQ-01464-00323440-00323667 treatment among the acts prohibited
95CCSTIadQQ-01465-00323668-00323874 against these persons are violence to
95CCSTIadQQ-01466-00323875-00324059 the life health and physical or mental
95CCSTIadQQ-01467-00324060-00324246 well-being of persons in particular
95CCSTIadQQ-01468-00324247-00324468 murder as well as cruel treatments such
95CCSTIadQQ-01469-00324469-00324699 as torture mutilation or any form of
95CCSTIadQQ-01470-00324700-00325092 corporal punishment article 4 outrages
95CCSTIadQQ-01471-00325093-00325287 upon personal dignity in particular
95CCSTIadQQ-01472-00325288-00325524 humiliating and degrading treatment rape
95CCSTIadQQ-01473-00325525-00325737 enforced prostitution in any form of
95CCSTIadQQ-01474-00325738-00326127 indecent assault article 4e and threats
95CCSTIadQQ-01475-00326128-00326315 to commit any of the foregoing acts
95CCSTIadQQ-01476-00326316-00326613 article 4 H causes in other articles
95CCSTIadQQ-01477-00326614-00326783 employ humane treatment of enemy
95CCSTIadQQ-01478-00326784-00327029 personnel in an internal conflict these
95CCSTIadQQ-01479-00327030-00327209 have a bearing on torture but no other
95CCSTIadQQ-01480-00327210-00327296 causes Express
95CCSTIadQQ-01481-00327297-00327824 we mentioned torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01482-00327825-00328336 topic other conventions
95CCSTIadQQ-01483-00328337-00328534 in accordance with the optional UN
95CCSTIadQQ-01484-00328535-00328711 standard minimum rules for the treatment
95CCSTIadQQ-01485-00328712-00328999 of prisoners 1955 corporal punishment
95CCSTIadQQ-01486-00329000-00329227 punishment by placing in a dark cell and
95CCSTIadQQ-01487-00329228-00329379 all cruel inhuman or degrading
95CCSTIadQQ-01488-00329380-00329566 punishments shall be completely
95CCSTIadQQ-01489-00329567-00329707 prohibited as punishments for
95CCSTIadQQ-01490-00329708-00330001 disciplinary offences the International
95CCSTIadQQ-01491-00330002-00330160 Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
95CCSTIadQQ-01492-00330161-00330454 the 16th of December 1966 explicitly
95CCSTIadQQ-01493-00330455-00330685 prohibits torture and cruel inhuman or
95CCSTIadQQ-01494-00330686-00330940 degrading treatment or punishment by
95CCSTIadQQ-01495-00330941-00331393 signatories European agreements in 1950
95CCSTIadQQ-01496-00331394-00331585 during the Cold War the participating
95CCSTIadQQ-01497-00331586-00331738 member states of the Council of Europe
95CCSTIadQQ-01498-00331739-00331888 signed the European Convention on Human
95CCSTIadQQ-01499-00331889-00332176 Rights the treaty was based on the UDHR
95CCSTIadQQ-01500-00332177-00332401 it included the provision for a court to
95CCSTIadQQ-01501-00332402-00332587 interpret the treaty and article 3
95CCSTIadQQ-01502-00332588-00332920 prohibition of torture stated no one
95CCSTIadQQ-01503-00332921-00333139 shall be subjected to torture or inhuman
95CCSTIadQQ-01504-00333140-00333453 or degrading treatment or punishment in
95CCSTIadQQ-01505-00333454-00333697 1978 the European Court of Human Rights
95CCSTIadQQ-01506-00333698-00333853 ruled that the five techniques of
95CCSTIadQQ-01507-00333854-00334141 sensory deprivation when not torture is
95CCSTIadQQ-01508-00334142-00334324 laid out in article 3 of the European
95CCSTIadQQ-01509-00334325-00334483 Convention on Human Rights but were
95CCSTIadQQ-01510-00334484-00334762 inhuman or degrading treatment see
95CCSTIadQQ-01511-00334763-00334963 accusations of use of torture by United
95CCSTIadQQ-01512-00334964-00335176 Kingdom for details this case occurred
95CCSTIadQQ-01513-00335177-00335350 nine years before the United Nations
95CCSTIadQQ-01514-00335351-00335506 Convention Against Torture came into
95CCSTIadQQ-01515-00335507-00335677 force and had an influence on thinking
95CCSTIadQQ-01516-00335678-00335830 about what constitutes torture ever
95CCSTIadQQ-01517-00335831-00336133 since on the 26th of November 1987 the
95CCSTIadQQ-01518-00336134-00336262 member states of the Council of Europe
95CCSTIadQQ-01519-00336263-00336451 meeting at Strasbourg adopted the
95CCSTIadQQ-01520-00336452-00336583 European Convention for the Prevention
95CCSTIadQQ-01521-00336584-00336730 of torture and inhuman or degrading
95CCSTIadQQ-01522-00336731-00337045 treatment or punishment EC PT two
95CCSTIadQQ-01523-00337046-00337195 additional protocols amended the
95CCSTIadQQ-01524-00337196-00337360 Convention which entered into force on
95CCSTIadQQ-01525-00337361-00337678 the 1st of March 2002 the convention set
95CCSTIadQQ-01526-00337679-00337810 up the committee for the Prevention of
95CCSTIadQQ-01527-00337811-00337975 torture to oversee compliance with its
95CCSTIadQQ-01528-00337976-00338263 provisions inter-american Convention the
95CCSTIadQQ-01529-00338264-00338449 inter-american Convention to prevent and
95CCSTIadQQ-01530-00338450-00338662 punish torture currently ratified by 18
95CCSTIadQQ-01531-00338663-00338818 nations of the Americas and enforce
95CCSTIadQQ-01532-00338819-00339097 since the 28th of February 1987 defines
95CCSTIadQQ-01533-00339098-00339292 torture more expansively than the United
95CCSTIadQQ-01534-00339293-00339556 Nations Convention Against Torture for
95CCSTIadQQ-01535-00339557-00339739 the purposes of this convention torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01536-00339740-00339877 shall be understood to be any act
95CCSTIadQQ-01537-00339878-00340066 intentionally performed whereby physical
95CCSTIadQQ-01538-00340067-00340258 or mental pain or suffering is inflicted
95CCSTIadQQ-01539-00340259-00340423 on a person for purposes of Criminal
95CCSTIadQQ-01540-00340424-00340621 Investigation as a means of intimidation
95CCSTIadQQ-01541-00340622-00340831 as personal punishment as a preventive
95CCSTIadQQ-01542-00340832-00341005 measure as a penalty or for any other
95CCSTIadQQ-01543-00341006-00341269 purpose torture shall also be understood
95CCSTIadQQ-01544-00341270-00341452 to be the use of methods upon a person
95CCSTIadQQ-01545-00341453-00341626 intended to obliterate the personality
95CCSTIadQQ-01546-00341627-00341733 of the victim or to
95CCSTIadQQ-01547-00341734-00341938 she's physical or mental capacities even
95CCSTIadQQ-01548-00341939-00342075 if they do not cause physical pain or
95CCSTIadQQ-01549-00342076-00342360 mental anguish the concept of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01550-00342361-00342507 shall not include physical or mental
95CCSTIadQQ-01551-00342508-00342699 pain or suffering that is inherent in or
95CCSTIadQQ-01552-00342700-00342852 solely the consequence of lawful
95CCSTIadQQ-01553-00342853-00342988 measures provided that they do not
95CCSTIadQQ-01554-00342989-00343138 include the performance of the acts or
95CCSTIadQQ-01555-00343139-00343291 use of the methods referred to in this
95CCSTIadQQ-01556-00343292-00344014 article topic supervision of anti
95CCSTIadQQ-01557-00344015-00344590 torture treaties the Istanbul protocol
95CCSTIadQQ-01558-00344591-00344791 and official UN document is the first
95CCSTIadQQ-01559-00344792-00344952 set of international guidelines for
95CCSTIadQQ-01560-00344953-00345099 documentation of torture and its
95CCSTIadQQ-01561-00345100-00345378 consequences he became a United Nations
95CCSTIadQQ-01562-00345379-00345729 official document in 1999 under the
95CCSTIadQQ-01563-00345730-00345930 provisions of OPC 80 that entered into
95CCSTIadQQ-01564-00345931-00346185 force on the 22nd of June 2006
95CCSTIadQQ-01565-00346186-00346356 independent international and national
95CCSTIadQQ-01566-00346357-00346527 bodies regularly visit places where
95CCSTIadQQ-01567-00346528-00346701 people are deprived of their Liberty to
95CCSTIadQQ-01568-00346702-00346878 prevent torture and other cruel inhuman
95CCSTIadQQ-01569-00346879-00347030 or degrading treatment or punishment
95CCSTIadQQ-01570-00347031-00347310 each state that ratified the OPC 80
95CCSTIadQQ-01571-00347311-00347580 according to article 17 is responsible
95CCSTIadQQ-01572-00347581-00347760 for creating or maintaining at least one
95CCSTIadQQ-01573-00347761-00347914 independent national preventative
95CCSTIadQQ-01574-00347915-00348081 mechanism for torture prevention at the
95CCSTIadQQ-01575-00348082-00348345 domestic level the European Committee
95CCSTIadQQ-01576-00348346-00348522 for the Prevention of torture citing
95CCSTIadQQ-01577-00348523-00348705 article 1 of the European Convention for
95CCSTIadQQ-01578-00348706-00348885 the Prevention of torture states that it
95CCSTIadQQ-01579-00348886-00349101 will by means of visits examine the
95CCSTIadQQ-01580-00349102-00349278 treatment of persons deprived of their
95CCSTIadQQ-01581-00349279-00349455 Liberty with a view to strengthening if
95CCSTIadQQ-01582-00349456-00349687 necessary the protection of such persons
95CCSTIadQQ-01583-00349688-00349851 from torture and from inhuman or
95CCSTIadQQ-01584-00349852-00350130 degrading treatment or punishment in
95CCSTIadQQ-01585-00350131-00350277 times of armed conflict between a
95CCSTIadQQ-01586-00350278-00350460 signatory of the Geneva Conventions in
95CCSTIadQQ-01587-00350461-00350595 another party delegates of the
95CCSTIadQQ-01588-00350596-00350743 International Committee of the Red Cross
95CCSTIadQQ-01589-00350744-00350965 ICRC monitor the compliance of
95CCSTIadQQ-01590-00350966-00351126 signatories to the Geneva Conventions
95CCSTIadQQ-01591-00351127-00351285 which includes monitoring the use of
95CCSTIadQQ-01592-00351286-00351585 torture human rights organizations such
95CCSTIadQQ-01593-00351586-00351750 as Amnesty International the world
95CCSTIadQQ-01594-00351751-00351924 organization against torture and
95CCSTIadQQ-01595-00351925-00352077 Association for the prevention of
95CCSTIadQQ-01596-00352078-00352251 torture work actively to stop the user
95CCSTIadQQ-01597-00352252-00352422 torture throughout the world and publish
95CCSTIadQQ-01598-00352423-00352612 reports on any activities they consider
95CCSTIadQQ-01599-00352613-00353230 to be torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01600-00353231-00353803 municipal law states have ratified the
95CCSTIadQQ-01601-00353804-00353971 United Nations Convention Against
95CCSTIadQQ-01602-00353972-00354142 Torture have a treaty obligation to
95CCSTIadQQ-01603-00354143-00354307 include the provisions into municipal
95CCSTIadQQ-01604-00354308-00354541 law the laws of many states therefore
95CCSTIadQQ-01605-00354542-00354790 formally prohibit torture however such
95CCSTIadQQ-01606-00354791-00354949 the jury legal provisions are by no
95CCSTIadQQ-01607-00354950-00355126 means a proof that de-facto the
95CCSTIadQQ-01608-00355127-00355300 signatory country does not use torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01609-00355301-00355579 to prevent torture many legal systems
95CCSTIadQQ-01610-00355580-00355702 have a right against self-incrimination
95CCSTIadQQ-01611-00355703-00355960 or explicitly prohibit undue force when
95CCSTIadQQ-01612-00355961-00356299 dealing with suspects the French 1789
95CCSTIadQQ-01613-00356300-00356464 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of
95CCSTIadQQ-01614-00356465-00356647 the citizen of constitutional value
95CCSTIadQQ-01615-00356648-00356824 prohibits submitting suspects to any
95CCSTIadQQ-01616-00356825-00357016 hardship not necessary to secure his or
95CCSTIadQQ-01617-00357017-00357328 her person the US Constitution and US
95CCSTIadQQ-01618-00357329-00357496 law prohibits the use of unwarranted
95CCSTIadQQ-01619-00357497-00357706 force or coercion against any person who
95CCSTIadQQ-01620-00357707-00357931 is subject to interrogation detention or
95CCSTIadQQ-01621-00357932-00358177 arrest the Fifth Amendment to the United
95CCSTIadQQ-01622-00358178-00358375 States Constitution includes protection
95CCSTIadQQ-01623-00358376-00358573 against self-incrimination which states
95CCSTIadQQ-01624-00358574-00358975 that an old person shall be compelled in
95CCSTIadQQ-01625-00358976-00359104 any criminal case to be a witness
95CCSTIadQQ-01626-00359105-00359437 against himself this serves as the basis
95CCSTIadQQ-01627-00359438-00359611 of the Miranda warning which US law
95CCSTIadQQ-01628-00359612-00359764 enforcement personnel issue to
95CCSTIadQQ-01629-00359765-00359946 individuals upon their arrest
95CCSTIadQQ-01630-00359947-00360175 additionally the US Constitution's
95CCSTIadQQ-01631-00360176-00360307 Eighth Amendment forbids the use of
95CCSTIadQQ-01632-00360308-00360574 cruel and unusual punishments which is
95CCSTIadQQ-01633-00360575-00360724 widely interpreted as prohibiting
95CCSTIadQQ-01634-00360725-00361261 torture finally 18 USC Section 2348 seq
95CCSTIadQQ-01635-00361262-00361444 define and forbid torture committed by
95CCSTIadQQ-01636-00361445-00361621 US Nationals outside the United States
95CCSTIadQQ-01637-00361622-00361837 or non-us nationals who are present in
95CCSTIadQQ-01638-00361838-00362077 the United States as the United States
95CCSTIadQQ-01639-00362078-00362293 recognizes customary international law
95CCSTIadQQ-01640-00362294-00362521 or the law of nations the US Alien Tort
95CCSTIadQQ-01641-00362522-00362668 Claims Act in the torture victim
95CCSTIadQQ-01642-00362669-00362881 Protection Act also provides legal
95CCSTIadQQ-01643-00362882-00363058 remedies for victims of torture outside
95CCSTIadQQ-01644-00363059-00363334 of the United States specifically the
95CCSTIadQQ-01645-00363335-00363493 status of torture is under the law of
95CCSTIadQQ-01646-00363494-00363664 the United States as determined by a
95CCSTIadQQ-01647-00363665-00363916 famous legal decision in 1980 Philip II
95CCSTIadQQ-01648-00363917-00364449 give a penny ala 630 F 2d 876 2d circle
95CCSTIadQQ-01649-00364450-00364702 1980 is that the torturer has become
95CCSTIadQQ-01650-00364703-00364855 like the pirate in the slave trader
95CCSTIadQQ-01651-00364856-00365059 before him Kostas humanae generis an
95CCSTIadQQ-01652-00365060-00365632 enemy of all mankind
95CCSTIadQQ-01653-00365633-00365908 topic exclusion of evidence obtained
95CCSTIadQQ-01654-00365909-00367057 under torture topic international law
95CCSTIadQQ-01655-00367058-00367412 article 15 of the 1984 United Nations
95CCSTIadQQ-01656-00367413-00367612 Convention Against Torture specified it
95CCSTIadQQ-01657-00367613-00367874 each state party shall ensure that any
95CCSTIadQQ-01658-00367875-00368027 statement which is established to have
95CCSTIadQQ-01659-00368028-00368201 been made as a result of torture shall
95CCSTIadQQ-01660-00368202-00368342 not be invoked as evidence in any
95CCSTIadQQ-01661-00368343-00368513 proceedings except against the person
95CCSTIadQQ-01662-00368514-00368675 accused of torture as evidence that the
95CCSTIadQQ-01663-00368676-00368930 statement was made a similar provision
95CCSTIadQQ-01664-00368931-00369212 is also found in article 10 of the 1985
95CCSTIadQQ-01665-00369213-00369407 inter-american Convention to prevent and
95CCSTIadQQ-01666-00369408-00369668 punish torture no statement that is
95CCSTIadQQ-01667-00369669-00369830 verified as having been obtained for a
95CCSTIadQQ-01668-00369831-00369965 torture shall be admissible as evidence
95CCSTIadQQ-01669-00369966-00370196 in a legal proceeding except in a legal
95CCSTIadQQ-01670-00370197-00370355 action taken against the person or
95CCSTIadQQ-01671-00370356-00370523 persons accused of having elicited it
95CCSTIadQQ-01672-00370524-00370676 through acts of torture and only as
95CCSTIadQQ-01673-00370677-00370838 evidence that the accused obtained such
95CCSTIadQQ-01674-00370839-00371141 statement by such means these provisions
95CCSTIadQQ-01675-00371142-00371297 have the double dissuasive effect of
95CCSTIadQQ-01676-00371298-00371513 nullifying any utility in using torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01677-00371514-00371683 with the purpose of eliciting confession
95CCSTIadQQ-01678-00371684-00371831 as well as confirming that should a
95CCSTIadQQ-01679-00371832-00372017 person extract statements by torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01680-00372018-00372188 this can be used against him or her in
95CCSTIadQQ-01681-00372189-00372437 criminal proceedings the reason for this
95CCSTIadQQ-01682-00372438-00372587 is because experience has shown that
95CCSTIadQQ-01683-00372588-00372782 under torture or even under a threat of
95CCSTIadQQ-01684-00372783-00372950 torture a person will say or do anything
95CCSTIadQQ-01685-00372951-00373229 solely to avoid the pain as a result
95CCSTIadQQ-01686-00373230-00373412 there is no way to know whether or not
95CCSTIadQQ-01687-00373413-00373544 the resulting statement is actually
95CCSTIadQQ-01688-00373545-00373805 correct if any court relies on any
95CCSTIadQQ-01689-00373806-00373943 evidence obtained from torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01690-00373944-00374120 regardless of validity it provides an
95CCSTIadQQ-01691-00374121-00374294 incentive for state officials to force a
95CCSTIadQQ-01692-00374295-00374458 confession creating a marketplace for
95CCSTIadQQ-01693-00374459-00375112 torture both domestically and overseas
95CCSTIadQQ-01694-00375113-00375595 topic within national borders
95CCSTIadQQ-01695-00375596-00375851 most states have prohibited their legal
95CCSTIadQQ-01696-00375852-00376016 systems from accepting evidence that is
95CCSTIadQQ-01697-00376017-00376274 extracted by torture the question of the
95CCSTIadQQ-01698-00376275-00376430 use of evidence obtained under torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01699-00376431-00376565 has arisen in connection with
95CCSTIadQQ-01700-00376566-00376769 prosecutions during the war on terror in
95CCSTIadQQ-01701-00376770-00377349 the United Kingdom in the United States
95CCSTIadQQ-01702-00377350-00377820 topic united kingdom
95CCSTIadQQ-01703-00377821-00378135 in 2003 the united kingdom's ambassador
95CCSTIadQQ-01704-00378136-00378354 to us becca Stan Craig Murray suggested
95CCSTIadQQ-01705-00378355-00378534 that it was wrong to use information
95CCSTIadQQ-01706-00378535-00378909 gleaned from torture the unanimous law
95CCSTIadQQ-01707-00378910-00379074 Lord's judgment on the 8th of December
95CCSTIadQQ-01708-00379075-00379383 2005 confirmed this position they ruled
95CCSTIadQQ-01709-00379384-00379605 that under English law tradition torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01710-00379606-00379839 in its fruits could not be used in court
95CCSTIadQQ-01711-00379840-00380046 but the information thus obtained could
95CCSTIadQQ-01712-00380047-00380187 be used by the British police and
95CCSTIadQQ-01713-00380188-00380361 security services us it would be
95CCSTIadQQ-01714-00380362-00380505 ludicrous for them to disregard
95CCSTIadQQ-01715-00380506-00380721 information about a ticking bomb if it
95CCSTIadQQ-01716-00380722-00381012 had been procured by torture Murray's
95CCSTIadQQ-01717-00381013-00381150 accusations did not lead to any
95CCSTIadQQ-01718-00381151-00381390 investigation by his employer the FCO
95CCSTIadQQ-01719-00381391-00381555 and he resigned after disciplinary
95CCSTIadQQ-01720-00381556-00381867 action was taken against him in 2004 the
95CCSTIadQQ-01721-00381868-00382029 Foreign and Commonwealth Office itself
95CCSTIadQQ-01722-00382030-00382203 is being investigated by the National
95CCSTIadQQ-01723-00382204-00382377 Audit Office because of accusations that
95CCSTIadQQ-01724-00382378-00382515 it has victimized bullied and
95CCSTIadQQ-01725-00382516-00382704 intimidated its own staff Murray later
95CCSTIadQQ-01726-00382705-00382818 stated that he felt that he had
95CCSTIadQQ-01727-00382819-00382995 unwittingly stumbled upon what has been
95CCSTIadQQ-01728-00382996-00383187 called torture by proxy
95CCSTIadQQ-01729-00383188-00383397 he thought that Western countries moved
95CCSTIadQQ-01730-00383398-00383583 people to regimes and nations where it
95CCSTIadQQ-01731-00383584-00383709 was known that information would be
95CCSTIadQQ-01732-00383710-00383877 extracted by torture and made available
95CCSTIadQQ-01733-00383878-00384072 to them Murray states that he was aware
95CCSTIadQQ-01734-00384073-00384351 from August 2002 at the CIA were
95CCSTIadQQ-01735-00384352-00384549 bringing in detainees to Tashkent from
95CCSTIadQQ-01736-00384550-00384747 Bagram Airport Afghanistan who were
95CCSTIadQQ-01737-00384748-00384936 handed over to the Uzbek security
95CCSTIadQQ-01738-00384937-00385281 services SNB I presumed at the time that
95CCSTIadQQ-01739-00385282-00385506 these were all was back Nationals that
95CCSTIadQQ-01740-00385507-00385788 may have been a false presumption I knew
95CCSTIadQQ-01741-00385789-00385974 that the CIA were obtaining intelligence
95CCSTIadQQ-01742-00385975-00386196 from their subsequent interrogation by
95CCSTIadQQ-01743-00386197-00386294 the SNB
95CCSTIadQQ-01744-00386295-00386538 he goes on to say that he did not know
95CCSTIadQQ-01745-00386539-00386679 at the time that any non was back
95CCSTIadQQ-01746-00386680-00386850 nationals were flown to whose Becca Stan
95CCSTIadQQ-01747-00386851-00387012 and although he has studied the reports
95CCSTIadQQ-01748-00387013-00387177 by several journalists and finds their
95CCSTIadQQ-01749-00387178-00387357 reports credible he is not a first-hand
95CCSTIadQQ-01750-00387358-00387537 authority on this issue during a House
95CCSTIadQQ-01751-00387538-00387720 of Commons debate on the 7th of July
95CCSTIadQQ-01752-00387721-00388011 2009 MP David Davis accused the UK
95CCSTIadQQ-01753-00388012-00388182 government of outsourcing torture by
95CCSTIadQQ-01754-00388183-00388338 allowing Ramsay barmaid to leave the
95CCSTIadQQ-01755-00388339-00388491 country even though they had evidence
95CCSTIadQQ-01756-00388492-00388632 against him upon which he was later
95CCSTIadQQ-01757-00388633-00388815 convicted for terrorism to Pakistan
95CCSTIadQQ-01758-00388816-00388971 where he has said the inter-services
95CCSTIadQQ-01759-00388972-00389139 intelligence was given the go-ahead by
95CCSTIadQQ-01760-00389140-00389283 the British intelligence agencies to
95CCSTIadQQ-01761-00389284-00389556 torture Hamid Davis further accused the
95CCSTIadQQ-01762-00389557-00389700 government of trying to gag ahmed
95CCSTIadQQ-01763-00389701-00389856 stopping him coming forward with his
95CCSTIadQQ-01764-00389857-00390033 accusations after he had been imprisoned
95CCSTIadQQ-01765-00390034-00390288 back in the UK he said there was an
95CCSTIadQQ-01766-00390289-00390465 alleged request to drop his allegations
95CCSTIadQQ-01767-00390466-00390636 of torture if he did that they could get
95CCSTIadQQ-01768-00390637-00390792 his sentence cut and possibly give him
95CCSTIadQQ-01769-00390793-00390843 some money
95CCSTIadQQ-01770-00390844-00391068 if this request to drop the torture case
95CCSTIadQQ-01771-00391069-00391192 is true it is frankly
95CCSTIadQQ-01772-00391193-00391426 monstrous it would at the very least be
95CCSTIadQQ-01773-00391427-00391579 a criminal misuse of the powers and
95CCSTIadQQ-01774-00391580-00391717 funds under the government's contest
95CCSTIadQQ-01775-00391718-00391906 strategy and at worst a conspiracy to
95CCSTIadQQ-01776-00391907-00392530 pervert the course of justice topic
95CCSTIadQQ-01777-00392531-00393121 United States in May 2008 Susan J
95CCSTIadQQ-01778-00393122-00393271 Crawford the official overseeing
95CCSTIadQQ-01779-00393272-00393412 prosecutions before the Guantanamo
95CCSTIadQQ-01780-00393413-00393628 military commissions declined to refer
95CCSTIadQQ-01781-00393629-00393766 for trial the case of Mohammed
95CCSTIadQQ-01782-00393767-00393997 al-qahtani because she said we tortured
95CCSTIadQQ-01783-00393998-00394216 him Crawford said that a combination of
95CCSTIadQQ-01784-00394217-00394345 techniques with clear medical
95CCSTIadQQ-01785-00394346-00394504 consequences amounted to the legal
95CCSTIadQQ-01786-00394505-00394681 definition of torture and that torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01787-00394682-00394951 tainted everything going forward on the
95CCSTIadQQ-01788-00394952-00395260 28th of October 2008 Guantanamo military
95CCSTIadQQ-01789-00395261-00395434 judge Stephen our Henle ruled that the
95CCSTIadQQ-01790-00395435-00395611 government cannot use statements made as
95CCSTIadQQ-01791-00395612-00395770 a result of torture in the military
95CCSTIadQQ-01792-00395771-00395959 commission case against Afghan national
95CCSTIadQQ-01793-00395960-00396178 Mohammed Jawad the judge held that
95CCSTIadQQ-01794-00396179-00396358 Jawad's alleged confession to throwing a
95CCSTIadQQ-01795-00396359-00396553 grenade at two US service members and an
95CCSTIadQQ-01796-00396554-00396712 Afghan interpreter was obtained after
95CCSTIadQQ-01797-00396713-00396922 armed Afghan officials on the 17th of
95CCSTIadQQ-01798-00396923-00397162 December 2002 threatened to kill jawad
95CCSTIadQQ-01799-00397163-00397378 and his family the government had
95CCSTIadQQ-01800-00397379-00397546 previously told the judge that Jawad's
95CCSTIadQQ-01801-00397547-00397705 alleged confession while in Afghan
95CCSTIadQQ-01802-00397706-00397882 custody was central to the case against
95CCSTIadQQ-01803-00397883-00397915 him
95CCSTIadQQ-01804-00397916-00398161 hila Shamsi staff attorney with the
95CCSTIadQQ-01805-00398162-00398371 American Civil Liberties Union national
95CCSTIadQQ-01806-00398372-00398587 security project stated we welcome the
95CCSTIadQQ-01807-00398588-00398743 judges decision that death threats
95CCSTIadQQ-01808-00398744-00398905 constitute torture and that evidence
95CCSTIadQQ-01809-00398906-00399121 obtained as a result must be excluded
95CCSTIadQQ-01810-00399122-00399252 from trial
95CCSTIadQQ-01811-00399253-00399460 unfortunately evidence obtained through
95CCSTIadQQ-01812-00399461-00399676 torture and coercion is pervasive in
95CCSTIadQQ-01813-00399677-00399904 military commission cases that by design
95CCSTIadQQ-01814-00399905-00400117 disregard the most fundamental due
95CCSTIadQQ-01815-00400118-00400315 process rights and no single decision
95CCSTIadQQ-01816-00400316-00400633 can cure that a month later on the 19th
95CCSTIadQQ-01817-00400634-00400795 of November the judge again rejected
95CCSTIadQQ-01818-00400796-00400954 evidence gathered through coercive
95CCSTIadQQ-01819-00400955-00401092 interrogations in the military
95CCSTIadQQ-01820-00401093-00401287 commission case against Afghan national
95CCSTIadQQ-01821-00401288-00401467 Mohammad Jawad holding that the evidence
95CCSTIadQQ-01822-00401468-00401662 collected while jawad was in US custody
95CCSTIadQQ-01823-00401663-00401983 on 17 to 18 December 2002 cannot be
95CCSTIadQQ-01824-00401984-00402166 admitted in his trial mainly because the
95CCSTIadQQ-01825-00402167-00402349 u.s. interrogator had blindfolded and
95CCSTIadQQ-01826-00402350-00402535 hooded jawad in order to frighten him in
95CCSTIadQQ-01827-00402536-00402730 the 2010 New York trial of armoured
95CCSTIadQQ-01828-00402731-00402910 Caliban Golani who was accused of
95CCSTIadQQ-01829-00402911-00403138 complicity in the 1998 bombings of US
95CCSTIadQQ-01830-00403139-00403357 embassies in Tanzania and Kenya judge
95CCSTIadQQ-01831-00403358-00403546 Lewis a capelin ruled evidence obtained
95CCSTIadQQ-01832-00403547-00403792 under coercion inadmissible the ruling
95CCSTIadQQ-01833-00403793-00403978 excluded an important witness whose name
95CCSTIadQQ-01834-00403979-00404143 had been extracted from the defendant
95CCSTIadQQ-01835-00404144-00404395 under duress the jury acquitted him of
95CCSTIadQQ-01836-00404396-00404582 280 charges and
95CCSTIadQQ-01837-00404583-00405335 only one charge of conspiracy topic
95CCSTIadQQ-01838-00405336-00406044 aspects
95CCSTIadQQ-01839-00406045-00406674 topic ethical arguments torture has been
95CCSTIadQQ-01840-00406675-00406867 criticized on humanitarian and moral
95CCSTIadQQ-01841-00406868-00407017 grounds on the grounds that evidence
95CCSTIadQQ-01842-00407018-00407208 extracted by torture is unreliable and
95CCSTIadQQ-01843-00407209-00407379 because torture corrupts institutions
95CCSTIadQQ-01844-00407380-00407610 that tolerated besides degrading the
95CCSTIadQQ-01845-00407611-00407788 victim tortured a basis the torturer
95CCSTIadQQ-01846-00407789-00407985 American advises alarmed at torture by
95CCSTIadQQ-01847-00407986-00408159 their South Vietnamese allies early in
95CCSTIadQQ-01848-00408160-00408360 the Vietnam War concluded that if a
95CCSTIadQQ-01849-00408361-00408544 commander allowed his officers and men
95CCSTIadQQ-01850-00408545-00408735 to fall into these vices they would
95CCSTIadQQ-01851-00408736-00408906 pursue them for their own sake for the
95CCSTIadQQ-01852-00408907-00409073 perverse pleasure they drew from them
95CCSTIadQQ-01853-00409074-00409318 the consequent degeneracy destroyed
95CCSTIadQQ-01854-00409319-00409537 discipline and morale a soldier had to
95CCSTIadQQ-01855-00409538-00409734 learn that he existed to uphold law and
95CCSTIadQQ-01856-00409735-00410049 order not to undermine it organizations
95CCSTIadQQ-01857-00410050-00410232 like Amnesty International argue that
95CCSTIadQQ-01858-00410233-00410428 the universal legal prohibition is based
95CCSTIadQQ-01859-00410429-00410632 on the universal philosophical consensus
95CCSTIadQQ-01860-00410633-00410766 that torture and ill-treatment are
95CCSTIadQQ-01861-00410767-00411043 repugnant of horan and immoral but since
95CCSTIadQQ-01862-00411043-00411285 shortly after the September 11th 2001
95CCSTIadQQ-01863-00411286-00411447 attacks there has been a debate in the
95CCSTIadQQ-01864-00411448-00411628 United States about whether torture is
95CCSTIadQQ-01865-00411629-00411895 justified in some circumstances some
95CCSTIadQQ-01866-00411896-00412099 people such as Allen M Dirt shouts in
95CCSTIadQQ-01867-00412100-00412270 Mirko bagaric have argued the need for
95CCSTIadQQ-01868-00412271-00412441 information outweighs the moral and
95CCSTIadQQ-01869-00412442-00412607 ethical arguments against torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01870-00412608-00412870 however after coercive practices were
95CCSTIadQQ-01871-00412871-00413064 banned interrogators in Iraq or an
95CCSTIadQQ-01872-00413065-00413218 increase of 50% more high-value
95CCSTIadQQ-01873-00413218-00413518 intelligence Marg general Jeffrey D
95CCSTIadQQ-01874-00413518-00413707 Miller the American commander in charge
95CCSTIadQQ-01875-00413708-00413905 of detentions and interrogations stated
95CCSTIadQQ-01876-00413906-00414091 a rapport based interrogation that
95CCSTIadQQ-01877-00414092-00414301 recognizes respect and dignity and
95CCSTIadQQ-01878-00414302-00414507 having very well trained interrogators
95CCSTIadQQ-01879-00414508-00414670 is the basis by which you develop
95CCSTIadQQ-01880-00414671-00414864 intelligence rapidly and increase the
95CCSTIadQQ-01881-00414865-00415141 validity of that intelligence others
95CCSTIadQQ-01882-00415142-00415347 including Robert Mueller FBI director
95CCSTIadQQ-01883-00415348-00415603 since the 5th of July 2001 have pointed
95CCSTIadQQ-01884-00415604-00415722 out that despite former Bush
95CCSTIadQQ-01885-00415723-00415897 administration claims that waterboarding
95CCSTIadQQ-01886-00415897-00416139 has disrupted a number of attacks maybe
95CCSTIadQQ-01887-00416140-00416389 dozens of attacks they do not believe
95CCSTIadQQ-01888-00416389-00416520 that evidence gained by the US
95CCSTIadQQ-01889-00416521-00416664 government through what supporters of
95CCSTIadQQ-01890-00416665-00416787 the techniques call enhanced
95CCSTIadQQ-01891-00416788-00417078 interrogation has disrupted a single
95CCSTIadQQ-01892-00417079-00417228 attack and no one has come up with a
95CCSTIadQQ-01893-00417229-00417432 documented example of lives saved thanks
95CCSTIadQQ-01894-00417433-00417684 to these techniques on the 19th of June
95CCSTIadQQ-01895-00417685-00417933 2009 the US government announced that it
95CCSTIadQQ-01896-00417934-00418083 was delaying the scheduled release of
95CCSTIadQQ-01897-00418084-00418264 Declassified portions of a report by the
95CCSTIadQQ-01898-00418264-00418464 CIA inspector general that reportedly
95CCSTIadQQ-01899-00418465-00418620 cast doubt on the effectiveness of the
95CCSTIadQQ-01900-00418621-00418884 enhanced interrogation techniques
95CCSTIadQQ-01901-00418885-00419118 employed by CIA interrogators according
95CCSTIadQQ-01902-00419119-00419322 to references to the report contained in
95CCSTIadQQ-01903-00419323-00419506 bush-era Justice Department memos
95CCSTIadQQ-01904-00419507-00419752 Declassified in the spring of 2009 by
95CCSTIadQQ-01905-00419753-00419929 the US Justice Department the ticking
95CCSTIadQQ-01906-00419930-00420114 time bomb scenario a thought experiment
95CCSTIadQQ-01907-00420116-00420310 asks what to do to a captured terrorist
95CCSTIadQQ-01908-00420310-00420460 who has placed a nuclear bomb in a
95CCSTIadQQ-01909-00420460-00420700 populated area if the terrorist is
95CCSTIadQQ-01910-00420701-00420885 tortured he may explain how to defuse
95CCSTIadQQ-01911-00420887-00421129 the bomb the scenario asks if it is
95CCSTIadQQ-01912-00421130-00421408 ethical to torture the terrorists a 2006
95CCSTIadQQ-01913-00421409-00421647 BBC poll held in 25 nations gauged
95CCSTIadQQ-01914-00421648-00421764 support for each of the following
95CCSTIadQQ-01915-00421766-00422041 positions terrorists pose such an
95CCSTIadQQ-01916-00422042-00422160 extreme threat that governments should
95CCSTIadQQ-01917-00422162-00422329 be allowed to use some degree of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01918-00422330-00422485 if it make a nin firm ation that saves
95CCSTIadQQ-01919-00422485-00422752 innocent lives clear rules against
95CCSTIadQQ-01920-00422753-00422905 torture should be maintained because any
95CCSTIadQQ-01921-00422906-00423049 use of torture is immoral and will
95CCSTIadQQ-01922-00423050-00423210 weaken international human rights an
95CCSTIadQQ-01923-00423212-00423409 average of 59% of people worldwide
95CCSTIadQQ-01924-00423410-00423685 rejected torture however there was a
95CCSTIadQQ-01925-00423685-00423843 clear divide between those countries
95CCSTIadQQ-01926-00423845-00424027 with strong rejection of torture such as
95CCSTIadQQ-01927-00424028-00424231 Italy where only 14 percent supported
95CCSTIadQQ-01928-00424232-00424399 torture and nations where rejection was
95CCSTIadQQ-01929-00424400-00424609 less strong often this lessened
95CCSTIadQQ-01930-00424610-00424783 rejection is found in countries severely
95CCSTIadQQ-01931-00424784-00424945 and frequently threatened by terrorist
95CCSTIadQQ-01932-00424946-00425257 attacks eg Israel despite its Supreme
95CCSTIadQQ-01933-00425258-00425514 Court outlawing torture in 1999 showed
95CCSTIadQQ-01934-00425516-00425758 43 percent supporting torture but 48
95CCSTIadQQ-01935-00425759-00426001 percent opposing India showed 37 percent
95CCSTIadQQ-01936-00426002-00426175 supporting torture and only 23 percent
95CCSTIadQQ-01937-00426176-00426463 opposing within nations there is a clear
95CCSTIadQQ-01938-00426464-00426631 divide between the positions of members
95CCSTIadQQ-01939-00426632-00426810 of different ethnic groups religions and
95CCSTIadQQ-01940-00426812-00426988 political affiliations sometimes
95CCSTIadQQ-01941-00426989-00427150 reflecting distinctions between groups
95CCSTIadQQ-01942-00427151-00427291 considering themselves threatened or
95CCSTIadQQ-01943-00427292-00427462 victimized by terror acts and those from
95CCSTIadQQ-01944-00427463-00427681 the alleged perpetrator groups for
95CCSTIadQQ-01945-00427682-00427864 example the study found that among Jews
95CCSTIadQQ-01946-00427864-00428101 in Israel 53% favored some degree of
95CCSTIadQQ-01947-00428102-00428350 torture and only 39% wanted strong rules
95CCSTIadQQ-01948-00428351-00428530 against torture while Muslims in Israel
95CCSTIadQQ-01949-00428531-00428685 were overwhelmingly against any use of
95CCSTIadQQ-01950-00428687-00428913 torture unlike Muslims polled elsewhere
95CCSTIadQQ-01951-00428914-00429133 differences in general political views
95CCSTIadQQ-01952-00429134-00429442 also can matter in one 2006 survey by
95CCSTIadQQ-01953-00429443-00429706 the Scripps Center at Ohio University 66
95CCSTIadQQ-01954-00429707-00429874 percent of Americans who identified
95CCSTIadQQ-01955-00429875-00429988 themselves as strongly Republican
95CCSTIadQQ-01956-00429989-00430195 supported torture compared to twenty
95CCSTIadQQ-01957-00430196-00430347 four percent of those who identified
95CCSTIadQQ-01958-00430348-00430593 themselves as strongly Democratic in a
95CCSTIadQQ-01959-00430595-00430912 2005 u.s. survey 72% of American
95CCSTIadQQ-01960-00430913-00431062 Catholics supported the use of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01961-00431063-00431329 in some circumstances compared to 51% of
95CCSTIadQQ-01962-00431330-00431587 Americans secularists a Pew survey in
95CCSTIadQQ-01963-00431588-00431776 2009 similarly found that the
95CCSTIadQQ-01964-00431777-00431941 religiously unaffiliated are the least
95CCSTIadQQ-01965-00431942-00432163 likely 40% to support torture and that
95CCSTIadQQ-01966-00432164-00432325 the more a person claims to attend
95CCSTIadQQ-01967-00432326-00432510 church the more likely he or she is to
95CCSTIadQQ-01968-00432512-00432654 condone torture among
95CCSTIadQQ-01969-00432655-00432845 two religious groups white evangelical
95CCSTIadQQ-01970-00432846-00432983 Protestants were far and away the most
95CCSTIadQQ-01971-00432984-00433266 likely 62% to support inflicting pain as
95CCSTIadQQ-01972-00433267-00433568 a tool of interrogation today Gallup
95CCSTIadQQ-01973-00433569-00433787 poll found that sizable majorities of
95CCSTIadQQ-01974-00433788-00434025 Americans disagree with tactics ranging
95CCSTIadQQ-01975-00434026-00434210 from leaving prisoners naked and chained
95CCSTIadQQ-01976-00434211-00434420 in uncomfortable positions for hours to
95CCSTIadQQ-01977-00434421-00434591 trying to make a prisoner think he was
95CCSTIadQQ-01978-00434592-00434864 being drowned there are also different
95CCSTIadQQ-01979-00434865-00435047 attitudes as to what constitutes torture
95CCSTIadQQ-01980-00435048-00435204 as revealed in an ABC news/washington
95CCSTIadQQ-01981-00435205-00435420 post poll where more than half of the
95CCSTIadQQ-01982-00435421-00435579 Americans polled thought the techniques
95CCSTIadQQ-01983-00435580-00435735 such as sleep deprivation were not
95CCSTIadQQ-01984-00435735-00435939 torture in practice so-called enhanced
95CCSTIadQQ-01985-00435939-00436208 interrogation techniques were employed
95CCSTIadQQ-01986-00436209-00436418 by the CIA in situations that did not
95CCSTIadQQ-01987-00436419-00436683 involve the ticking time bomb scenario
95CCSTIadQQ-01988-00436684-00436875 that has been the subject of opinion
95CCSTIadQQ-01989-00436876-00437189 polls in public debate in April 2009 a
95CCSTIadQQ-01990-00437190-00437400 former senior US intelligence official
95CCSTIadQQ-01991-00437401-00437591 in a former Army psychiatrist stated
95CCSTIadQQ-01992-00437592-00437729 that the Bush administration applied
95CCSTIadQQ-01993-00437730-00437901 pressure on interrogators to use the
95CCSTIadQQ-01994-00437902-00438185 enhanced interrogation techniques on
95CCSTIadQQ-01995-00438186-00438324 detainees to find evidence of
95CCSTIadQQ-01996-00438325-00438510 cooperation between al-qaeda and the
95CCSTIadQQ-01997-00438510-00438693 later rocky dictator Saddam Hussein's
95CCSTIadQQ-01998-00438693-00438906 regime the purported link between
95CCSTIadQQ-01999-00438907-00439128 al-qaeda and Hussein's regime which has
95CCSTIadQQ-02000-00439129-00439274 been disproven was a key political
95CCSTIadQQ-02001-00439275-00439554 justification for the Iraq war on the
95CCSTIadQQ-02002-00439555-00439851 13th of May 2009 former NBC News
95CCSTIadQQ-02003-00439852-00440022 investigative producer Robert wind room
95CCSTIadQQ-02004-00440022-00440220 reported as confirmed by former Iraq
95CCSTIadQQ-02005-00440221-00440391 survey group leader Charles do offer
95CCSTIadQQ-02006-00440392-00440514 that the vice president's office
95CCSTIadQQ-02007-00440514-00440703 suggested that an interrogation team led
95CCSTIadQQ-02008-00440704-00440901 by G offer waterboard an Iraqi prisoner
95CCSTIadQQ-02009-00440902-00441014 suspected of knowing about a
95CCSTIadQQ-02010-00441015-00441216 relationship between al-qaeda and Saddam
95CCSTIadQQ-02011-00441217-00441447 on the 14th of February 2010 in an
95CCSTIadQQ-02012-00441447-00441633 appearance on ABC's this week Vice
95CCSTIadQQ-02013-00441634-00441806 President Dick Cheney reiterated his
95CCSTIadQQ-02014-00441807-00442002 support of waterboarding and enhanced
95CCSTIadQQ-02015-00442003-00442247 interrogation techniques for captured
95CCSTIadQQ-02016-00442248-00442464 terrorist suspects saying I was in
95CCSTIadQQ-02017-00442464-00442620 remain a strong proponent of our
95CCSTIadQQ-02018-00442621-00442931 enhanced interrogation program pressed
95CCSTIadQQ-02019-00442932-00443175 by the BBC in 2010 on his personal view
95CCSTIadQQ-02020-00443176-00443352 of waterboarding presidential adviser
95CCSTIadQQ-02021-00443353-00443574 Karl Rove said I'm proud that we kept
95CCSTIadQQ-02022-00443575-00443768 the world safer than it was by the use
95CCSTIadQQ-02023-00443769-00444035 of these techniques they're appropriate
95CCSTIadQQ-02024-00444036-00444179 they're in conformity with our
95CCSTIadQQ-02025-00444180-00444378 international requirements and with US
95CCSTIadQQ-02026-00444379-00444693 law a 15 month investigation by the
95CCSTIadQQ-02027-00444693-00444908 Guardian and BBC Arabic published on
95CCSTIadQQ-02028-00444909-00445145 March 2013 disclosed that the u.s. sent
95CCSTIadQQ-02029-00445146-00445308 a veteran of the dirty wars in Central
95CCSTIadQQ-02030-00445309-00445527 America to oversee Iraqi commando units
95CCSTIadQQ-02031-00445528-00445679 involved in acts of torture during the
95CCSTIadQQ-02032-00445680-00445947 american-led occupation these American
95CCSTIadQQ-02033-00445947-00446016 citizens could
95CCSTIadQQ-02034-00446017-00446124 theoretically be tried by the
95CCSTIadQQ-02035-00446125-00446301 International Criminal Court even though
95CCSTIadQQ-02036-00446302-00446541 the u.s. is not a signatory but it would
95CCSTIadQQ-02037-00446542-00446721 have to be referred by the UN Security
95CCSTIadQQ-02038-00446722-00446916 Council and given that the US has a veto
95CCSTIadQQ-02039-00446917-00447102 on the council this hypothesis is very
95CCSTIadQQ-02040-00447103-00447339 improbable reprieve legal director Katt
95CCSTIadQQ-02041-00447339-00447630 Craig said this latest expose of human
95CCSTIadQQ-02042-00447631-00447777 rights abuses shows that torture is
95CCSTIadQQ-02043-00447778-00447993 endemic to u.s. foreign policy these are
95CCSTIadQQ-02044-00447993-00448164 considered in deliberate acts not only
95CCSTIadQQ-02045-00448164-00448305 sanctioned but developed by the highest
95CCSTIadQQ-02046-00448306-00448939 echelon of u.s. Security Service
95CCSTIadQQ-02047-00448939-00449558 topic effectiveness there is a strong
95CCSTIadQQ-02048-00449559-00449735 utilitarian argument against torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02049-00449735-00449881 namely that it is ineffective
95CCSTIadQQ-02050-00449882-00450029 information supporting the
95CCSTIadQQ-02051-00450030-00450181 ineffectiveness of torture goes back
95CCSTIadQQ-02052-00450182-00450247 centuries
95CCSTIadQQ-02053-00450248-00450514 for example during witch trials torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02054-00450515-00450664 was routinely used to try to force
95CCSTIadQQ-02055-00450665-00450808 subjects to admit their guilt and to
95CCSTIadQQ-02056-00450809-00451076 identify other witches it was found that
95CCSTIadQQ-02057-00451077-00451243 subjects would make up stories if it
95CCSTIadQQ-02058-00451244-00451495 meant that torture would cease there is
95CCSTIadQQ-02059-00451496-00451679 no scientific evidence supporting its
95CCSTIadQQ-02060-00451680-00451808 effectiveness the lack of scientific
95CCSTIadQQ-02061-00451809-00452030 basis for the effectiveness of torturers
95CCSTIadQQ-02062-00452031-00452168 and interrogation techniques is
95CCSTIadQQ-02063-00452168-00452389 summarized in a 2006 intelligence
95CCSTIadQQ-02064-00452390-00452681 science board report titled educ ing
95CCSTIadQQ-02065-00452682-00452935 information interrogation science and
95CCSTIadQQ-02066-00452936-00453241 art foundations for the future on the
95CCSTIadQQ-02067-00453242-00453410 other hand some have pointed to some
95CCSTIadQQ-02068-00453410-00453562 specific cases where torture has
95CCSTIadQQ-02069-00453563-00454132 elicited true information
95CCSTIadQQ-02070-00454133-00454625 topic rejection
95CCSTIadQQ-02071-00454626-00454845 a famous example of rejection of the use
95CCSTIadQQ-02072-00454846-00455022 of torture was cited by the Argentine
95CCSTIadQQ-02073-00455022-00455183 National Commission on the disappearance
95CCSTIadQQ-02074-00455184-00455360 of persons in whose report Italian
95CCSTIadQQ-02075-00455361-00455570 General Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa was
95CCSTIadQQ-02076-00455571-00455718 reputed to have said in connection with
95CCSTIadQQ-02077-00455718-00455841 the investigation of the disappearance
95CCSTIadQQ-02078-00455842-00456089 of Prime Minister Aldo Moro Italy can
95CCSTIadQQ-02079-00456090-00456333 survive the loss of Aldo Moro he would
95CCSTIadQQ-02080-00456334-00456929 not survive the introduction of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02081-00456930-00457562 topic secrecy before the emergence of
95CCSTIadQQ-02082-00457563-00457760 modern policing torture was an important
95CCSTIadQQ-02083-00457761-00457937 aspect of policing and the use of it was
95CCSTIadQQ-02084-00457938-00458093 openly sanctioned and acknowledged by
95CCSTIadQQ-02085-00458094-00458310 the authority The Economist magazine
95CCSTIadQQ-02086-00458310-00458514 proposed that one of the reasons torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02087-00458514-00458660 and jurors is that torture does indeed
95CCSTIadQQ-02088-00458661-00458825 work in some instances to extract
95CCSTIadQQ-02089-00458826-00459027 information confession if those who are
95CCSTIadQQ-02090-00459028-00459214 being tortured are indeed guilty
95CCSTIadQQ-02091-00459215-00459452 depending on the culture torture has at
95CCSTIadQQ-02092-00459453-00459585 times been carried on in silence
95CCSTIadQQ-02093-00459585-00459827 official silence semi silence known but
95CCSTIadQQ-02094-00459828-00460010 not spoken about or openly acknowledged
95CCSTIadQQ-02095-00460011-00460220 in public to instill fear in obedience
95CCSTIadQQ-02096-00460221-00460448 in the 21st century
95CCSTIadQQ-02097-00460449-00460593 even when States sanctioned their
95CCSTIadQQ-02098-00460593-00460785 interrogation methods torturers often
95CCSTIadQQ-02099-00460785-00461027 work outside the law for this reason
95CCSTIadQQ-02100-00461028-00461168 some prefer methods that while
95CCSTIadQQ-02101-00461169-00461331 unpleasant leave victims alive and
95CCSTIadQQ-02102-00461332-00461564 unmarked a victim with no visible damage
95CCSTIadQQ-02103-00461565-00461777 may lack credibility when telling tales
95CCSTIadQQ-02104-00461778-00461933 of torture whereas a person missing
95CCSTIadQQ-02105-00461934-00462114 fingernails or eyes can easily prove
95CCSTIadQQ-02106-00462114-00462402 claims of torture mental torture however
95CCSTIadQQ-02107-00462403-00462548 can leave scars just as deep and
95CCSTIadQQ-02108-00462549-00462737 long-lasting as physical torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02109-00462738-00462960 professional torturers in some countries
95CCSTIadQQ-02110-00462960-00463137 have used techniques such as electrical
95CCSTIadQQ-02111-00463138-00463391 shock asphyxiation heat cold noise and
95CCSTIadQQ-02112-00463392-00463562 sleep deprivation which leave little
95CCSTIadQQ-02113-00463563-00463733 evidence although in other contexts
95CCSTIadQQ-02114-00463734-00463887 torture frequently results in horrific
95CCSTIadQQ-02115-00463888-00464156 mutilation or death however the most
95CCSTIadQQ-02116-00464157-00464318 common and prevalent form of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02117-00464319-00464456 worldwide in both developed and
95CCSTIadQQ-02118-00464457-00465096 underdeveloped countries is baiting
95CCSTIadQQ-02119-00465097-00465790 topic methods and devices psychological
95CCSTIadQQ-02120-00465791-00465970 torture uses non-physical methods that
95CCSTIadQQ-02121-00465971-00466160 cause psychological suffering its
95CCSTIadQQ-02122-00466160-00466283 effects are not immediately apparent
95CCSTIadQQ-02123-00466284-00466468 unless they alter the behavior of the
95CCSTIadQQ-02124-00466469-00466700 tortured person since there is no
95CCSTIadQQ-02125-00466701-00466883 international political consensus on
95CCSTIadQQ-02126-00466884-00467071 what constitutes psychological torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02127-00467072-00467233 it is often overlooked denied and
95CCSTIadQQ-02128-00467234-00467362 referred to by different names
95CCSTIadQQ-02129-00467363-00467554 psychological torture is less well known
95CCSTIadQQ-02130-00467555-00467735 than physical torture intends to be
95CCSTIadQQ-02131-00467735-00467968 subtle and much easier to conceal in
95CCSTIadQQ-02132-00467969-00468089 practice the distinctions between
95CCSTIadQQ-02133-00468089-00468295 physical and psychological torture are
95CCSTIadQQ-02134-00468296-00468541 often blurred physical torture is the
95CCSTIadQQ-02135-00468542-00468704 inflicting of severe pain or suffering
95CCSTIadQQ-02136-00468705-00469012 on a person in contrast psychological
95CCSTIadQQ-02137-00469013-00469177 torture is directed at the psyche with
95CCSTIadQQ-02138-00469178-00469385 calculated violations of psychological
95CCSTIadQQ-02139-00469385-00469537 needs along with deep damage to
95CCSTIadQQ-02140-00469538-00469708 psychological structures in the breakage
95CCSTIadQQ-02141-00469709-00469893 of beliefs underpinning normal sanity
95CCSTIadQQ-02142-00469894-00470137 culture is often inflict both types of
95CCSTIadQQ-02143-00470138-00470314 torture in combination to compound the
95CCSTIadQQ-02144-00470315-00470539 associated effects psychological torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02145-00470540-00470725 also includes deliberate use of extreme
95CCSTIadQQ-02146-00470726-00470902 stressor in situations such as mock
95CCSTIadQQ-02147-00470903-00471100 execution chunni violation and
95CCSTIadQQ-02148-00471101-00471298 deep-seated social or sexual norms and
95CCSTIadQQ-02149-00471299-00471504 taboos or extended solitary confinement
95CCSTIadQQ-02150-00471505-00471775 because psychological torture needs no
95CCSTIadQQ-02151-00471776-00471958 physical violence to be effective it is
95CCSTIadQQ-02152-00471959-00472102 possible to induce severe psychological
95CCSTIadQQ-02153-00472103-00472331 pain suffering and trauma with no
95CCSTIadQQ-02154-00472332-00472514 externally visible effects rape and
95CCSTIadQQ-02155-00472514-00472690 other forms of sexual abuse are often
95CCSTIadQQ-02156-00472691-00472822 used as methods of torture for
95CCSTIadQQ-02157-00472823-00473008 interrogative or punitive purposes in
95CCSTIadQQ-02158-00473009-00473194 medical torture medical practitioners
95CCSTIadQQ-02159-00473195-00473360 use torture to judge what victims can
95CCSTIadQQ-02160-00473360-00473527 enjoy to apply treatments that enhance
95CCSTIadQQ-02161-00473528-00473708 torture or act as torturers in their own
95CCSTIadQQ-02162-00473709-00473989 right Josef Mengele and Shiro Ishii were
95CCSTIadQQ-02163-00473990-00474175 infamous during and after World War two
95CCSTIadQQ-02164-00474176-00474352 for their involvement in medical torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02165-00474353-00474640 and murder in recent years however there
95CCSTIadQQ-02166-00474641-00474775 has been a push to end medical
95CCSTIadQQ-02167-00474776-00474931 complicity in torture through both
95CCSTIadQQ-02168-00474932-00475102 international and state-based legal
95CCSTIadQQ-02169-00475103-00475270 strategies as well as litigations
95CCSTIadQQ-02170-00475271-00475408 against individual physicians
95CCSTIadQQ-02171-00475409-00475583 pharmacological torture is the use of
95CCSTIadQQ-02172-00475584-00475762 drugs to produce psychological or
95CCSTIadQQ-02173-00475763-00476006 physical pain or discomfort tickle
95CCSTIadQQ-02174-00476007-00476200 torture is an unusual form of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02175-00476201-00476347 which nevertheless has been documented
95CCSTIadQQ-02176-00476348-00476504 and can be both physically and
95CCSTIadQQ-02177-00476505-00477087 psychologically painful
95CCSTIadQQ-02178-00477088-00477745 topic murder torture murder involves
95CCSTIadQQ-02179-00477746-00477877 torture to the point of murder
95CCSTIadQQ-02180-00477878-00478060 murderers might also torture their
95CCSTIadQQ-02181-00478060-00478234 victims to death for sadistic reasons
95CCSTIadQQ-02182-00478235-00478497 some terrorist groups torture typically
95CCSTIadQQ-02183-00478499-00478666 commencing with the forcible extraction
95CCSTIadQQ-02184-00478667-00478837 of all ten fingernails all ten toenails
95CCSTIadQQ-02185-00478838-00479122 and all 32 teeth before executing the
95CCSTIadQQ-02186-00479122-00479326 victim by such barbaric techniques Oslo
95CCSTIadQQ-02187-00479327-00479610 decapitation via butcher knife ancient
95CCSTIadQQ-02188-00479612-00479779 conceptual forerunners of torture murder
95CCSTIadQQ-02189-00479780-00479941 include drawing and quartering and
95CCSTIadQQ-02190-00479942-00480452 flying
95CCSTIadQQ-02191-00480453-00481107 topic effect the consequences of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02192-00481108-00481322 reach far beyond immediate pain many
95CCSTIadQQ-02193-00481323-00481452 victims suffer from post-traumatic
95CCSTIadQQ-02194-00481453-00481713 stress disorder PTSD which includes
95CCSTIadQQ-02195-00481714-00481895 symptoms such as flashbacks or intrusive
95CCSTIadQQ-02196-00481896-00482088 thoughts severe anxiety insomnia
95CCSTIadQQ-02197-00482089-00482330 nightmares depression and memory lapses
95CCSTIadQQ-02198-00482331-00482559 torture victims often feel guilt and
95CCSTIadQQ-02199-00482560-00482727 shame triggered by the humiliation they
95CCSTIadQQ-02200-00482728-00482952 have endured many feel that they have
95CCSTIadQQ-02201-00482953-00483114 betrayed themselves or their friends and
95CCSTIadQQ-02202-00483114-00483357 family all such symptoms and normal
95CCSTIadQQ-02203-00483358-00483560 human responses to abnormal and inhuman
95CCSTIadQQ-02204-00483562-00483738 treatment organizations like freedom
95CCSTIadQQ-02205-00483739-00483872 from torture and the Center for victims
95CCSTIadQQ-02206-00483873-00484043 of torture try to help survivors of
95CCSTIadQQ-02207-00484045-00484212 torture obtain medical treatment and to
95CCSTIadQQ-02208-00484213-00484377 gain forensic medical evidence to obtain
95CCSTIadQQ-02209-00484378-00484593 political asylum in a safe country or to
95CCSTIadQQ-02210-00484593-00484863 prosecute the perpetrators torture is
95CCSTIadQQ-02211-00484864-00485028 often difficult to prove particularly
95CCSTIadQQ-02212-00485029-00485181 when some time has passed between the
95CCSTIadQQ-02213-00485182-00485370 event and a medical examination or when
95CCSTIadQQ-02214-00485371-00485472 the torturers are immune from
95CCSTIadQQ-02215-00485472-00485541 prosecution
95CCSTIadQQ-02216-00485542-00485772 many torturers around the world use
95CCSTIadQQ-02217-00485772-00485893 methods designed to have a maximum
95CCSTIadQQ-02218-00485895-00486099 psychological impact while leaving only
95CCSTIadQQ-02219-00486100-00486360 minimal physical traces medical and
95CCSTIadQQ-02220-00486360-00486534 human rights organizations worldwide
95CCSTIadQQ-02221-00486535-00486678 have collaborated to produce the
95CCSTIadQQ-02222-00486679-00486885 Istanbul protocol a document designed to
95CCSTIadQQ-02223-00486885-00487029 outline common torture methods
95CCSTIadQQ-02224-00487030-00487212 consequences of torture and medico-legal
95CCSTIadQQ-02225-00487213-00487497 examination techniques typically deaths
95CCSTIadQQ-02226-00487497-00487656 due to torture are shown in an autopsy
95CCSTIadQQ-02227-00487657-00487953 as being due to natural causes like
95CCSTIadQQ-02228-00487954-00488166 heart attack inflammation or embolism
95CCSTIadQQ-02229-00488167-00488334 due to extreme stress for survivors
95CCSTIadQQ-02230-00488335-00488522 torture often leads to lasting mental
95CCSTIadQQ-02231-00488523-00488784 and physical health problems physical
95CCSTIadQQ-02232-00488785-00489020 problems can be wide-ranging eg sexually
95CCSTIadQQ-02233-00489021-00489185 transmitted diseases musculoskeletal
95CCSTIadQQ-02234-00489187-00489372 problems brain injury post-traumatic
95CCSTIadQQ-02235-00489372-00489600 epilepsy and dementia or chronic pain
95CCSTIadQQ-02236-00489601-00489987 syndromes on the 19th of August 2007 the
95CCSTIadQQ-02237-00489988-00490200 American psychology Association APA
95CCSTIadQQ-02238-00490201-00490458 voted to bar participation to intervene
95CCSTIadQQ-02239-00490459-00490635 to stop and to report involvement in a
95CCSTIadQQ-02240-00490635-00490827 wide variety of interrogation techniques
95CCSTIadQQ-02241-00490828-00491025 as torture including using mock
95CCSTIadQQ-02242-00491026-00491304 executions simulated drowning sexual and
95CCSTIadQQ-02243-00491305-00491520 religious humiliation stress positions
95CCSTIadQQ-02244-00491521-00491850 or sleep deprivation as well as the
95CCSTIadQQ-02245-00491851-00492078 exploitation of prisoners phobias the
95CCSTIadQQ-02246-00492079-00492279 use of mind-altering drugs hooding
95CCSTIadQQ-02247-00492280-00492387 forced nakedness
95CCSTIadQQ-02248-00492388-00492579 the use of dogs to frighten detainees
95CCSTIadQQ-02249-00492580-00492783 exposing prisoners to extreme heat and
95CCSTIadQQ-02250-00492784-00492978 cold physical assault and threatening
95CCSTIadQQ-02251-00492979-00493149 the use of such techniques against a
95CCSTIadQQ-02252-00493150-00493452 prisoner or a prisoners family however
95CCSTIadQQ-02253-00493453-00493683 the APA rejected a stronger resolution
95CCSTIadQQ-02254-00493684-00493743 that sought to
95CCSTIadQQ-02255-00493743-00493989 all psychologists involvement either
95CCSTIadQQ-02256-00493989-00494235 direct or indirect in any interrogations
95CCSTIadQQ-02257-00494235-00494433 at u.s. detention centers for foreign
95CCSTIadQQ-02258-00494434-00494616 detainees or citizens detained outside
95CCSTIadQQ-02259-00494617-00494925 normal legal channels that resolution
95CCSTIadQQ-02260-00494926-00495129 would have placed the APA alongside the
95CCSTIadQQ-02261-00495130-00495303 American Medical Association and the
95CCSTIadQQ-02262-00495304-00495497 American Psychiatric Association in
95CCSTIadQQ-02263-00495499-00495647 limiting professional involvement in
95CCSTIadQQ-02264-00495649-00495837 such settings to direct patient care the
95CCSTIadQQ-02265-00495838-00496107 APA echoed the Bush administration by
95CCSTIadQQ-02266-00496108-00496275 condemning isolation sleep deprivation
95CCSTIadQQ-02267-00496276-00496485 and sensory deprivation or over
95CCSTIadQQ-02268-00496485-00496650 stimulation only when they're likely to
95CCSTIadQQ-02269-00496651-00496959 cause lasting harm psychiatric treatment
95CCSTIadQQ-02270-00496960-00497112 of torture related medical problems
95CCSTIadQQ-02271-00497113-00497301 might require a wide range of expertise
95CCSTIadQQ-02272-00497302-00497583 and often specialized experience common
95CCSTIadQQ-02273-00497584-00497808 treatments of psychotropic medication eg
95CCSTIadQQ-02274-00497809-00498021 SSRI antidepressants counseling
95CCSTIadQQ-02275-00498022-00498213 cognitive behavioral therapy family
95CCSTIadQQ-02276-00498214-00498504 systems therapy and physiotherapy see
95CCSTIadQQ-02277-00498505-00498705 psychology of torture for psychological
95CCSTIadQQ-02278-00498706-00499356 impact and aftermath of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02279-00499357-00499987 topic rehabilitation the aim of
95CCSTIadQQ-02280-00499988-00500200 rehabilitation is to empower the torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02281-00500201-00500356 victim to resume as full of life as
95CCSTIadQQ-02282-00500357-00500606 possible rebuilding the life of someone
95CCSTIadQQ-02283-00500607-00500774 whose dignity has been destroyed takes
95CCSTIadQQ-02284-00500775-00500972 time and as a result long-term material
95CCSTIadQQ-02285-00500972-00501202 medical psychological and social support
95CCSTIadQQ-02286-00501203-00501335 is needed treatment must be a
95CCSTIadQQ-02287-00501335-00501506 coordinated effort that covers both
95CCSTIadQQ-02288-00501507-00501772 physical and psychological aspects it is
95CCSTIadQQ-02289-00501773-00501974 important to take into consideration the
95CCSTIadQQ-02290-00501975-00502187 patient's needs problems expectations
95CCSTIadQQ-02291-00502188-00502354 views and cultural references the
95CCSTIadQQ-02292-00502355-00502541 consequences of torture are likely to be
95CCSTIadQQ-02293-00502542-00502702 influenced by many internal and external
95CCSTIadQQ-02294-00502703-00503012 factors therefore rehabilitation needs
95CCSTIadQQ-02295-00503013-00503183 to employ different treatment approaches
95CCSTIadQQ-02296-00503184-00503333 taking into account of victims
95CCSTIadQQ-02297-00503334-00503527 individual needs as well as the cultural
95CCSTIadQQ-02298-00503528-00503695 social and political environment
95CCSTIadQQ-02299-00503696-00503872 rehabilitation centers around the world
95CCSTIadQQ-02300-00503873-00504089 notably the members of the international
95CCSTIadQQ-02301-00504089-00504256 rehabilitation Council for torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02302-00504257-00504460 victims commonly offer multidisciplinary
95CCSTIadQQ-02303-00504461-00504758 support and counseling including medical
95CCSTIadQQ-02304-00504759-00504802 attention
95CCSTIadQQ-02305-00504803-00504997 psycho therapeutic treatment
95CCSTIadQQ-02306-00504997-00505266 psychosocial support trauma treatment
95CCSTIadQQ-02307-00505267-00505612 legal services and redress social
95CCSTIadQQ-02308-00505613-00505777 reintegration in the case of asylum
95CCSTIadQQ-02309-00505778-00505985 seekers and refugees the services may
95CCSTIadQQ-02310-00505985-00506174 also include assisting in documentation
95CCSTIadQQ-02311-00506175-00506354 of torture for the asylum decision
95CCSTIadQQ-02312-00506355-00506518 language classes and help in finding
95CCSTIadQQ-02313-00506519-00507088 somewhere to live and work
95CCSTIadQQ-02314-00507089-00507374 topic rehabilitation of secondary
95CCSTIadQQ-02315-00507375-00507935 survivors in the worst case torture can
95CCSTIadQQ-02316-00507935-00508154 affect several generations the physical
95CCSTIadQQ-02317-00508155-00508316 and mental after-effects of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02318-00508317-00508487 often placed great strain on the entire
95CCSTIadQQ-02319-00508488-00508735 family in society children are
95CCSTIadQQ-02320-00508737-00508889 particularly vulnerable they often
95CCSTIadQQ-02321-00508889-00509027 suffer from feelings of guilt or
95CCSTIadQQ-02322-00509028-00509201 personal responsibility for what has
95CCSTIadQQ-02323-00509202-00509443 happened therefore other members of the
95CCSTIadQQ-02324-00509445-00509614 survivors family in particular the
95CCSTIadQQ-02325-00509616-00509785 spouse and children are also offered
95CCSTIadQQ-02326-00509787-00510335 treatment and counseling
95CCSTIadQQ-02327-00510336-00511008 topic broken societies in some instances
95CCSTIadQQ-02328-00511009-00511177 whole societies can be more or less
95CCSTIadQQ-02329-00511178-00511365 traumatized where torture has been used
95CCSTIadQQ-02330-00511366-00511623 in a systematic and widespread manner in
95CCSTIadQQ-02331-00511624-00511770 general after years of repression
95CCSTIadQQ-02332-00511771-00511971 conflict and war regular support
95CCSTIadQQ-02333-00511972-00512125 networks in structures have often been
95CCSTIadQQ-02334-00512126-00512286 broken or destroyed providing
95CCSTIadQQ-02335-00512287-00512448 psychosocial support and redress to
95CCSTIadQQ-02336-00512449-00512646 survivors of torture and trauma can help
95CCSTIadQQ-02337-00512647-00512861 reconstruct broken societies
95CCSTIadQQ-02338-00512862-00513060 rehabilitation centers therefore play a
95CCSTIadQQ-02339-00513061-00513206 key role in promoting democracy
95CCSTIadQQ-02340-00513207-00513419 coexistence and respect for human rights
95CCSTIadQQ-02341-00513420-00513696 they provide support and hope and act as
95CCSTIadQQ-02342-00513697-00513861 a symbol of triumph over the man-made
95CCSTIadQQ-02343-00513862-00514017 terror of torture which can hold back
95CCSTIadQQ-02344-00514018-00514191 the development of democracy of entire
95CCSTIadQQ-02345-00514192-00514735 societies
95CCSTIadQQ-02346-00514736-00515262 topic see also
95CCSTIadQQ-02347-00515263-00515518 Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
95CCSTIadQQ-02348-00515520-00515853 capital punishment center for victims of
95CCSTIadQQ-02349-00515854-00516209 torture civil and political rights
95CCSTIadQQ-02350-00516210-00516463 counterinsurgency
95CCSTIadQQ-02351-00516464-00516697 thousand cuts enhanced interrogation
95CCSTIadQQ-02352-00516697-00517146 techniques famine freedom from torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02353-00517147-00517285 genital torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02354-00517285-00517758 disambiguation genocide Human Rights
95CCSTIadQQ-02355-00517759-00517999 international rehabilitation council for
95CCSTIadQQ-02356-00518000-00518322 torture victims pain for taya doer
95CCSTIadQQ-02357-00518322-00518643 physicians for Human Rights political
95CCSTIadQQ-02358-00518645-00518997 violence program for torture victims
95CCSTIadQQ-02359-00518997-00519307 psychological torture psychology of
95CCSTIadQQ-02360-00519308-00519577 torture rehabilitation and research
95CCSTIadQQ-02361-00519578-00519838 center for torture victims torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02362-00519839-00520281 murder torture Journal torture trade
95CCSTIadQQ-02363-00520282-00520462 International Day in support of victims
95CCSTIadQQ-02364-00520463-00520872 of torture war world organization
95CCSTIadQQ-02365-00520874-00521320 against torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02366-00521321-00522114 topic notes
95CCSTIadQQ-02367-00522116-00522907 topic footnotes
95CCSTIadQQ-02368-00522908-00523766 topic citations
95CCSTIadQQ-02369-00523767-00524631 topic further reading
95CCSTIadQQ-02370-00524632-00525258 topic external links torture at the
95CCSTIadQQ-02371-00525259-00525482 Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy
95CCSTIadQQ-02372-00525483-00525720 detainee treatment Task Force on
95CCSTIadQQ-02373-00525721-00525948 detainee treatment report and video it
95CCSTIadQQ-02374-00525949-00526197 was torture report of the Constitution
95CCSTIadQQ-02375-00526198-00526359 projects Task Force on detainee
95CCSTIadQQ-02376-00526360-00526605 treatment the 7th of October 2013 the
95CCSTIadQQ-02377-00526606-00526788 Constitution projects Task Force on
95CCSTIadQQ-02378-00526789-00527037 detainee treatment medieval torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02379-00527038-00527241 development equipment and techniques in
95CCSTIadQQ-02380-00527242-00527508 Europe Chinese methods of torture and
95CCSTIadQQ-02381-00527509-00527670 execution photograph collection at
95CCSTIadQQ-02382-00527671-00527847 University of Victoria special
95CCSTIadQQ-02383-00527848-00528183 collections CPT database by the European
95CCSTIadQQ-02384-00528184-00528333 Committee for the Prevention of torture
95CCSTIadQQ-02385-00528334-00528495 and inhuman or degrading treatment or
95CCSTIadQQ-02386-00528496-00528792 punishment atlas of torture overview of
95CCSTIadQQ-02387-00528793-00528924 the situation of torture and
95CCSTIadQQ-02388-00528925-00529065 ill-treatment around the world by the
95CCSTIadQQ-02389-00529066-00529239 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of human
95CCSTIadQQ-02390-00529240-00529584 rights B I M in Vienna Austria 25
95CCSTIadQQ-02391-00529585-00529731 Western depictions of crime and
95CCSTIadQQ-02392-00529732-00529866 punishment during Qing Dynasty
95CCSTIadQQ-02393-00529867-00530052 collection of 51 images on crime and
95CCSTIadQQ-02394-00530053-00530424 punishment in late Imperial China
97Al-FWRfL4-00000-00000463-00000761 greetings this is ginthian and today we
97Al-FWRfL4-00001-00000762-00001073 are playing on the demiurge server
97Al-FWRfL4-00004-00007926-00008563 foreign
97Al-FWRfL4-00005-00008564-00008891 and I'm back
97Al-FWRfL4-00006-00008892-00009274 working hard on
97Al-FWRfL4-00007-00009275-00009514 getting me some shulkers
97Al-FWRfL4-00008-00009515-00010141 as well as not dying
97Al-FWRfL4-00009-00010142-00010451 I can hear him shooting at me
97Al-FWRfL4-00010-00010452-00010942 got a bunch of resources
97Al-FWRfL4-00011-00010943-00011477 I want to collect some more resources
97Al-FWRfL4-00012-00011478-00011969 see how we can keep doing this
97Al-FWRfL4-00013-00011970-00012341 I want to grab these oh crap I hit the
97Al-FWRfL4-00014-00012342-00012437 Enderman
97Al-FWRfL4-00015-00012438-00012808 I hit the Enderman
97Al-FWRfL4-00016-00012809-00013258 killed by an Enderman
97Al-FWRfL4-00017-00013259-00013463 [Applause]
97Al-FWRfL4-00018-00013463-00013763 at least the path is well marked
97Al-FWRfL4-00019-00013763-00013894 so I'm gonna have to get my stuff
97Al-FWRfL4-00020-00013895-00014029 together
97Al-FWRfL4-00021-00014030-00014561 and get back
97Al-FWRfL4-00022-00014562-00014944 okay press it and I have respawned and
97Al-FWRfL4-00023-00014945-00015138 I'm
97Al-FWRfL4-00024-00015140-00015544 back at the portal
97Al-FWRfL4-00025-00015545-00015880 so I left some extra stuff here
97Al-FWRfL4-00026-00015881-00016355 let me grab them
97Al-FWRfL4-00027-00016356-00017153 got another Andrew chest
97Al-FWRfL4-00028-00017154-00017536 and so now I am going to go again
97Al-FWRfL4-00029-00017537-00017794 and then work my way
97Al-FWRfL4-00030-00017795-00018408 out to where I was
97Al-FWRfL4-00031-00018409-00018961 and here we go
97Al-FWRfL4-00032-00018962-00019247 and we're there and we're gonna follow
97Al-FWRfL4-00033-00019248-00019499 our way back up
97Al-FWRfL4-00034-00019500-00019900 I don't have an ender pearl
97Al-FWRfL4-00035-00019901-00020225 damn I need an ender pearl
97Al-FWRfL4-00036-00020226-00021108 as I leave one
97Al-FWRfL4-00037-00021109-00021413 nope didn't leave one in there
97Al-FWRfL4-00038-00021414-00021833 I can get one from him
97Al-FWRfL4-00039-00021834-00022108 so let me just kill him off kill these
97Al-FWRfL4-00040-00022109-00022541 two guys off
97Al-FWRfL4-00041-00022542-00023033 because I need the ender portal I mean
97Al-FWRfL4-00042-00023034-00023693 not the ender portal I need the
97Al-FWRfL4-00043-00023694-00023975 thing that the Enderman drops so that I
97Al-FWRfL4-00044-00023976-00024455 can go through the next portal
97Al-FWRfL4-00045-00024456-00024893 why did it not drop any
97Al-FWRfL4-00046-00024894-00025439 two of them and it didn't drop any
97Al-FWRfL4-00047-00025440-00025943 that is a tad inconvenient
97Al-FWRfL4-00048-00025944-00026579 the track some more over here
97Al-FWRfL4-00049-00026580-00026758 all I have is a pick
97Al-FWRfL4-00050-00026760-00027412 I don't have a sword
97Al-FWRfL4-00051-00027413-00028095 that's kind of sad
97Al-FWRfL4-00052-00028095-00028318 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00053-00028319-00028546 and there we go
97Al-FWRfL4-00054-00028547-00029833 and ender pearl
97Al-FWRfL4-00055-00029833-00030005 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00056-00030006-00031986 wow
97Al-FWRfL4-00057-00031987-00032863 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00058-00032864-00035281 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00059-00035282-00035651 and we made it there and my stuff is
97Al-FWRfL4-00060-00035652-00036017 still here so I can gather it up
97Al-FWRfL4-00061-00036018-00036245 which will be
97Al-FWRfL4-00062-00036246-00036473 great because I really would like to get
97Al-FWRfL4-00063-00036474-00036640 all the stuff back
97Al-FWRfL4-00064-00036641-00037187 oh crap
97Al-FWRfL4-00065-00037188-00037618 I don't have a shield I don't have food
97Al-FWRfL4-00066-00037619-00037996 I should have food
97Al-FWRfL4-00067-00037997-00038765 I can't I don't have a chorus fruit
97Al-FWRfL4-00068-00038766-00039130 this is not good
97Al-FWRfL4-00069-00039131-00039593 and I died by a shulker
97Al-FWRfL4-00070-00039594-00039946 wow
97Al-FWRfL4-00071-00039947-00040409 I'll be back
97Al-FWRfL4-00072-00040410-00040577 see you in a minute
97Al-FWRfL4-00073-00040578-00041021 I am back I am better prepared I've got
97Al-FWRfL4-00074-00041022-00041183 new armor
97Al-FWRfL4-00075-00041184-00041609 and it occurred to me that I could use a
97Al-FWRfL4-00076-00041610-00041951 pumpkin head to
97Al-FWRfL4-00077-00041952-00042377 make the trip back out there easier
97Al-FWRfL4-00078-00042378-00042712 so all I have to do is make one of those
97Al-FWRfL4-00079-00042713-00043001 not a a jack-o'-lantern head but not a
97Al-FWRfL4-00080-00043002-00043151 Jack-o-Lantern it's sort of I guess it's
97Al-FWRfL4-00081-00043152-00043445 a pumpkin head
97Al-FWRfL4-00082-00043446-00044171 whatever that is called
97Al-FWRfL4-00083-00044172-00044389 what is it
97Al-FWRfL4-00084-00044390-00044867 take that off
97Al-FWRfL4-00085-00044868-00045208 carved pumpkin that's what it's called
97Al-FWRfL4-00086-00045209-00045874 now the Enderman will leave me alone
97Al-FWRfL4-00087-00045875-00046001 we can
97Al-FWRfL4-00088-00046002-00046337 actually just go up and make our way
97Al-FWRfL4-00089-00046338-00046715 back out there
97Al-FWRfL4-00090-00046716-00047201 and just follow this same path
97Al-FWRfL4-00091-00047202-00047662 in fact I'm going to do that and I will
97Al-FWRfL4-00092-00047663-00048046 be right back
97Al-FWRfL4-00093-00048047-00048443 okay I'm back I've found a small amount
97Al-FWRfL4-00094-00048444-00048671 of my stuff
97Al-FWRfL4-00095-00048672-00049385 one thing I didn't find was my pickaxe
97Al-FWRfL4-00096-00049386-00049852 one or two pieces of armor I found
97Al-FWRfL4-00097-00049853-00050152 lots of stuff were just lost in the
97Al-FWRfL4-00098-00050153-00050512 despawning I got a efficiency breaking
97Al-FWRfL4-00099-00050513-00051052 pickaxe I don't have a silk touch
97Al-FWRfL4-00100-00051053-00051449 and if I don't have a silk touch pick
97Al-FWRfL4-00101-00051450-00051838 then I don't have any way to pick up the
97Al-FWRfL4-00102-00051839-00052451 ender chests that I just put down
97Al-FWRfL4-00103-00052452-00053032 so I will have to leave that there
97Al-FWRfL4-00104-00053033-00053369 and I'm going to continue collecting
97Al-FWRfL4-00105-00053370-00053566 resources
97Al-FWRfL4-00106-00053567-00053980 and exploring this
97Al-FWRfL4-00107-00053982-00054226 Ender city which I seem to be walking
97Al-FWRfL4-00108-00054227-00054454 further away from
97Al-FWRfL4-00109-00054455-00054911 okay I'm gonna do that and I'll be back
97Al-FWRfL4-00110-00054912-00055271 and we are back and I am collecting
97Al-FWRfL4-00111-00055272-00055444 resources
97Al-FWRfL4-00112-00055445-00055847 and still looking around
97Al-FWRfL4-00113-00055848-00056063 want one of those I want several of
97Al-FWRfL4-00114-00056064-00056369 those
97Al-FWRfL4-00115-00056370-00056647 also I have a suspicion
97Al-FWRfL4-00116-00056648-00057023 yup that's where I want to be I want to
97Al-FWRfL4-00117-00057024-00057311 get to this ship
97Al-FWRfL4-00118-00057312-00057592 because that's where my elytra
97Al-FWRfL4-00119-00057594-00057766 and
97Al-FWRfL4-00120-00057767-00058007 the dragon head
97Al-FWRfL4-00121-00058008-00058363 is going to be located
97Al-FWRfL4-00122-00058364-00059016 so from here looks like I can just
97Al-FWRfL4-00123-00059017-00059704 move out towards the ship
97Al-FWRfL4-00124-00059705-00060442 I'm gonna try and go diagonal
97Al-FWRfL4-00125-00060444-00061085 definitely a process
97Al-FWRfL4-00126-00061086-00062009 because I still got a ways to go
97Al-FWRfL4-00127-00062010-00062213 once I have an elytra this would be a
97Al-FWRfL4-00128-00062214-00062771 lot easier
97Al-FWRfL4-00129-00062772-00063275 a little bit further
97Al-FWRfL4-00130-00063276-00063509 you know I think I'll just go over to
97Al-FWRfL4-00131-00063510-00063850 the central mast
97Al-FWRfL4-00132-00063851-00064061 on the ship
97Al-FWRfL4-00133-00064062-00064780 and then I can go straight down
97Al-FWRfL4-00134-00064782-00065776 got to get there eventually
97Al-FWRfL4-00135-00065777-00065999 getting there
97Al-FWRfL4-00136-00066000-00066881 I'm now over the ship
97Al-FWRfL4-00137-00066882-00067894 let's move our way over the mast
97Al-FWRfL4-00138-00067895-00068182 I got to get a better chair at creeks in
97Al-FWRfL4-00139-00068183-00069029 the background
97Al-FWRfL4-00140-00069030-00069532 and
97Al-FWRfL4-00141-00069533-00069779 we are
97Al-FWRfL4-00142-00069780-00071069 over the mast
97Al-FWRfL4-00143-00071070-00071285 there we go
97Al-FWRfL4-00144-00071286-00072119 this is where I wanted to be
97Al-FWRfL4-00145-00072120-00072335 I want to
97Al-FWRfL4-00146-00072336-00072791 gather some of these resources
97Al-FWRfL4-00147-00072792-00072971 because I don't have access to this
97Al-FWRfL4-00148-00072972-00073193 anywhere but the end
97Al-FWRfL4-00149-00073194-00073403 but at the same time I also want to get
97Al-FWRfL4-00150-00073404-00073697 down
97Al-FWRfL4-00151-00073698-00074717 so down I go
97Al-FWRfL4-00152-00074718-00075179 I'm collecting ladders
97Al-FWRfL4-00153-00075180-00075994 okay so the dragon head
97Al-FWRfL4-00154-00075995-00076909 go across
97Al-FWRfL4-00155-00076910-00077225 okay and
97Al-FWRfL4-00156-00077226-00077362 whoops
97Al-FWRfL4-00157-00077363-00077855 well I'll get it I know where it is
97Al-FWRfL4-00158-00077856-00078179 I also hear
97Al-FWRfL4-00159-00078180-00078587 a shulker
97Al-FWRfL4-00160-00078588-00078947 I think there's one guarding
97Al-FWRfL4-00161-00078948-00079769 down here I want to get this
97Al-FWRfL4-00162-00079770-00080003 okay cool
97Al-FWRfL4-00163-00080004-00080903 look at it
97Al-FWRfL4-00164-00080904-00081509 I was using my pick
97Al-FWRfL4-00165-00081510-00081682 so come on
97Al-FWRfL4-00166-00081683-00081838 kill it
97Al-FWRfL4-00167-00081839-00082109 yes
97Al-FWRfL4-00168-00082110-00082391 now I just have to stop floating grab
97Al-FWRfL4-00169-00082392-00082787 that
97Al-FWRfL4-00170-00082788-00083123 and
97Al-FWRfL4-00171-00083124-00083699 I've still got room in my inventory
97Al-FWRfL4-00172-00083700-00083969 potions of healing I really have to
97Al-FWRfL4-00173-00083970-00084203 remember that that could be
97Al-FWRfL4-00174-00084204-00084419 really useful
97Al-FWRfL4-00175-00084420-00084691 and I have it
97Al-FWRfL4-00176-00084692-00085103 my Electra
97Al-FWRfL4-00177-00085104-00085379 I have had Electrics
97Al-FWRfL4-00178-00085380-00085631 that I was given
97Al-FWRfL4-00179-00085632-00085823 this is the first one that I have
97Al-FWRfL4-00180-00085824-00086255 retrieved myself
97Al-FWRfL4-00181-00086256-00086615 I am very happy with this
97Al-FWRfL4-00182-00086616-00086999 I don't need any of these things
97Al-FWRfL4-00183-00087000-00087469 that's not a bad sword
97Al-FWRfL4-00184-00087470-00087893 so now I'm going to collect some more
97Al-FWRfL4-00185-00087894-00088018 resources
97Al-FWRfL4-00186-00088019-00088529 and then I will be back to talk to you
97Al-FWRfL4-00187-00088530-00089026 again
97Al-FWRfL4-00188-00089027-00089368 I'm using F3 to check
97Al-FWRfL4-00189-00089369-00089626 which direction I'm going and I looked
97Al-FWRfL4-00190-00089627-00089926 at an Enderman why
97Al-FWRfL4-00191-00089927-00090244 this is a neat trick that I learned from
97Al-FWRfL4-00192-00090245-00090443 somebody else
97Al-FWRfL4-00193-00090444-00090635 drop the water bucket
97Al-FWRfL4-00194-00090636-00090988 and it gives you a safe place to hide
97Al-FWRfL4-00195-00090989-00091241 from Enderman
97Al-FWRfL4-00196-00091242-00091468 now that I've got my elytra the last
97Al-FWRfL4-00197-00091469-00091781 thing I want to do is to die
97Al-FWRfL4-00198-00091782-00092076 here
97Al-FWRfL4-00199-00092077-00092429 that should be wrong
97Al-FWRfL4-00200-00092430-00092591 okay
97Al-FWRfL4-00201-00092592-00092818 as soon as I finish this guy off
97Al-FWRfL4-00202-00092819-00093197 I really need I lost my sword
97Al-FWRfL4-00203-00093198-00093629 I keep forgetting and remembering
97Al-FWRfL4-00204-00093630-00094000 pick up the water and let's move on
97Al-FWRfL4-00205-00094001-00094553 I have the elytra on now I need Rockets
97Al-FWRfL4-00206-00094554-00094793 I'm still under the ship
97Al-FWRfL4-00207-00094794-00095050 there's the rest of the city
97Al-FWRfL4-00208-00095051-00095344 I have to go find
97Al-FWRfL4-00209-00095345-00095759 one of the end chests that I put down
97Al-FWRfL4-00210-00095760-00096053 so that I can get the Rockets out
97Al-FWRfL4-00211-00096054-00096611 so I'm going to do that in just a moment
97Al-FWRfL4-00212-00096612-00097211 and here we are there's the Ender Chest
97Al-FWRfL4-00213-00097212-00097535 and I have Rockets
97Al-FWRfL4-00214-00097536-00097768 I'm going to put some of these things in
97Al-FWRfL4-00215-00097769-00098117 the Ender Chest so if Lord forbid I pass
97Al-FWRfL4-00216-00098118-00098368 away
97Al-FWRfL4-00217-00098369-00098675 or get killed
97Al-FWRfL4-00218-00098676-00099017 I can go about
97Al-FWRfL4-00219-00099018-00099323 trying to get home without fear of
97Al-FWRfL4-00220-00099324-00099815 losing the items if I die
97Al-FWRfL4-00221-00099816-00100109 so I finished that and now I have
97Al-FWRfL4-00222-00100110-00100403 rockets and let's give this a lytra a
97Al-FWRfL4-00223-00100404-00100709 try
97Al-FWRfL4-00224-00100710-00101056 and we are off
97Al-FWRfL4-00225-00101057-00101309 and now I just have to follow my
97Al-FWRfL4-00226-00101310-00101518 landmarks
97Al-FWRfL4-00227-00101519-00101812 back
97Al-FWRfL4-00228-00101813-00102197 so I can get out of the end
97Al-FWRfL4-00229-00102198-00102599 safely with all things I've collected
97Al-FWRfL4-00230-00102600-00103392 intact
97Al-FWRfL4-00231-00103393-00103913 and I am back from the end
97Al-FWRfL4-00232-00103914-00104249 and I have an elytra
97Al-FWRfL4-00233-00104250-00104651 finally
97Al-FWRfL4-00234-00104652-00105065 and that's enough celebrating
97Al-FWRfL4-00235-00105066-00105454 so now we're gonna gather up our stuff
97Al-FWRfL4-00236-00105455-00105827 I'll have to make here's all my
97Al-FWRfL4-00237-00105828-00106078 items
97Al-FWRfL4-00238-00106079-00106378 and we'll take all this stuff and go
97Al-FWRfL4-00239-00106379-00106663 home
97Al-FWRfL4-00240-00106664-00107614 I'm so happy
97Al-FWRfL4-00241-00107615-00108557 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00242-00108558-00109196 oh
97Al-FWRfL4-00243-00109197-00110281 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00244-00110282-00110777 and I died because I left myself logged
97Al-FWRfL4-00245-00110778-00111131 in and I left my computer
97Al-FWRfL4-00246-00111132-00111695 and that's what I came back to
97Al-FWRfL4-00247-00111696-00111910 it has happened
97Al-FWRfL4-00248-00111911-00112249 already
97Al-FWRfL4-00249-00112250-00112684 I was finishing up
97Al-FWRfL4-00250-00112685-00112824 the super smelter
97Al-FWRfL4-00251-00112825-00113075 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00252-00113076-00113645 I was standing someplace outside
97Al-FWRfL4-00253-00113646-00113945 and I stopped paying attention to my
97Al-FWRfL4-00254-00113946-00114125 screen
97Al-FWRfL4-00255-00114126-00114352 and was actually distracted by other
97Al-FWRfL4-00256-00114353-00114465 things
97Al-FWRfL4-00257-00114466-00114736 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00258-00114738-00114958 during that time
97Al-FWRfL4-00259-00114959-00115513 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00260-00115514-00115939 I was blown up by a creeper
97Al-FWRfL4-00261-00115940-00116196 respawned slain by a zombie
97Al-FWRfL4-00262-00116197-00116410 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00263-00116411-00116615 then slammed by a zombie again
97Al-FWRfL4-00264-00116616-00116975 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00265-00116976-00117395 to blend items that I did not recover
97Al-FWRfL4-00266-00117396-00117665 was my sword
97Al-FWRfL4-00267-00117666-00117977 my elytra my helmet
97Al-FWRfL4-00268-00117978-00118271 and my breastplate
97Al-FWRfL4-00269-00118272-00118678 the armor I can get new ones the sword
97Al-FWRfL4-00270-00118679-00119039 is a bit of a pain
97Al-FWRfL4-00271-00119040-00119236 the elytra
97Al-FWRfL4-00272-00119238-00119448 well that's just
97Al-FWRfL4-00273-00119449-00119652 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00274-00119653-00120023 Beyond painful
97Al-FWRfL4-00275-00120024-00120283 I'd already fixed it up so it had
97Al-FWRfL4-00276-00120283-00120545 mending and
97Al-FWRfL4-00277-00120546-00120815 Unbreaking three on it
97Al-FWRfL4-00278-00120816-00121216 even enjoyed flying around once or twice
97Al-FWRfL4-00279-00121217-00121883 and it's gone
97Al-FWRfL4-00280-00121883-00122226 oh
97Al-FWRfL4-00281-00122227-00122471 [Music]
97Al-FWRfL4-00282-00122472-00122645 goodbye
97Al-FWRfL4-00283-00122646-00124942 [Music]
98YxQoboybI-00000-00000049-00000399 Adira Adira arabic dared circle plural
98YxQoboybI-00001-00000400-00000570 de where is an administrative division
98YxQoboybI-00002-00000571-00000822 in Algeria and Western Sahara in West
98YxQoboybI-00003-00000823-00001079 Africa as well as Brunei Indonesia and
98YxQoboybI-00004-00001080-00001325 Malaysia in Southeast Asia it is
98YxQoboybI-00005-00001326-00001526 commonly translated in English as
98YxQoboybI-00006-00001527-00002132 District
98YxQoboybI-00007-00002133-00002659 topic West Africa
98YxQoboybI-00008-00002660-00002998 dyra is the primary spelling variant
98YxQoboybI-00009-00002999-00003204 used in Algeria and Western Sahara
98YxQoboybI-00010-00003205-00003436 it is a subdivision of will eya in both
98YxQoboybI-00011-00003436-00003968 countries
98YxQoboybI-00012-00003969-00004528 topic Southeast Asia
98YxQoboybI-00013-00004529-00004853 diora is an Arabic loanwords in Malay
98YxQoboybI-00014-00004854-00005045 and Indonesian which is cognate with
98YxQoboybI-00015-00005046-00005601 dyra
98YxQoboybI-00016-00005602-00006081 topic Brunei
98YxQoboybI-00017-00006082-00006297 Adira or district as the primary
98YxQoboybI-00018-00006298-00006543 subdivision of brunei there are four
98YxQoboybI-00019-00006544-00006764 dyra namely belay brunei nuwara
98YxQoboybI-00020-00006765-00007041 tempering and to tonk a diary as
98YxQoboybI-00021-00007042-00007275 subdivided into mu teams equivalent to
98YxQoboybI-00022-00007276-00007491 sub districts and subsequently villages
98YxQoboybI-00023-00007492-00008028 campaign
98YxQoboybI-00024-00008029-00008517 topic Indonesia
98YxQoboybI-00025-00008518-00008863 in Indonesia daerah is used as in the
98YxQoboybI-00026-00008864-00009094 term daerah istimewa which refers to the
98YxQoboybI-00027-00009095-00009267 special regions or provinces with
98YxQoboybI-00028-00009268-00009541 special status there are five special
98YxQoboybI-00029-00009542-00009810 regions namely ah Cheh Jakarta special
98YxQoboybI-00030-00009811-00010005 region of Yogyakarta Papua and West
98YxQoboybI-00031-00010006-00010559 Papua
98YxQoboybI-00032-00010560-00011041 topic Malaysia
98YxQoboybI-00033-00011042-00011296 a diary our district is a type of state
98YxQoboybI-00034-00011297-00011571 administrative divisions in Malaysia it
98YxQoboybI-00035-00011572-00011778 is the primary subdivision of the states
98YxQoboybI-00036-00011779-00011923 in Peninsular Malaysia
98YxQoboybI-00037-00011924-00012096 whereas in Sabah and Sarawak in
98YxQoboybI-00038-00012097-00012295 Malaysian Borneo it is the secondary
98YxQoboybI-00039-00012296-00012521 subdivision which is below divisions
98YxQoboybI-00040-00012522-00012769 regardless any daerah may be subdivided
98YxQoboybI-00041-00012770-00013332 into Moo team
98YxQoboybI-00042-00013333-00013866 topic see also
98YxQoboybI-00043-00013866-00014306 District arrondissement
998T382lO1Y-00000-00000139-00000482 okay Blue Door I'm hitting the wrong
998T382lO1Y-00001-00000483-00000796 keys again every time I just so
998T382lO1Y-00002-00000797-00001162 habitually I mean even when typing UCSD
998T382lO1Y-00003-00001163-00001959 f which is why I switched to it did just
998T382lO1Y-00004-00001960-00002366 seem logical it's not like it's any
998T382lO1Y-00005-00002367-00002795 harder to use still ridiculously easy to
998T382lO1Y-00006-00002796-00003295 hit shift and everything else Wow I got
998T382lO1Y-00007-00003296-00003665 teeny hands so anyone with large hands
998T382lO1Y-00008-00003665-00004088 can only be easier to hit him assuming I
998T382lO1Y-00009-00004089-00004301 don't know it's like that valerian so
998T382lO1Y-00010-00004302-00004911 yeah kinda guessing first shot ever
998T382lO1Y-00011-00004912-00005858 that's up for debate
998T382lO1Y-00012-00005859-00006363 damn it huh see I'm telling you that's
998T382lO1Y-00013-00006364-00006708 what I do two rockets in quake my idea
998T382lO1Y-00014-00006709-00006927 of dodging it is running into it's like
998T382lO1Y-00015-00006928-00007271 I'm trying to catch it like I'm pong I'd
998T382lO1Y-00016-00007272-00007530 be amazing at pong if it was a first
998T382lO1Y-00017-00007531-00007834 person shooter
998T382lO1Y-00018-00007834-00008342 and the ball blue red blue red how do
998T382lO1Y-00019-00008343-00008953 you say load that's not guess that's it
998T382lO1Y-00020-00008954-00009171 that was awesome
998T382lO1Y-00021-00009172-00009582 not as effective as I had hoped I really
998T382lO1Y-00022-00009583-00009720 thought because I shot it so quickly
998T382lO1Y-00023-00009721-00010152 we're good these guys just don't care
998T382lO1Y-00024-00010153-00010338 that I'm shooting them with shotgun that
998T382lO1Y-00025-00010339-00010929 was a terrible shot Oh didn't I yeah
998T382lO1Y-00026-00010930-00011235 what do you know something over here I
998T382lO1Y-00027-00011236-00011445 want to t tag there's no tea bag the one
998T382lO1Y-00028-00011446-00011823 fault of this game the largest flaw in
998T382lO1Y-00029-00011824-00012335 gaming history no way to teabag and doom
998T382lO1Y-00030-00012336-00012531 somebody mod that and give it to me
998T382lO1Y-00031-00012532-00013175 immediately
998T382lO1Y-00032-00013176-00013430 these things just don't attack you I
998T382lO1Y-00033-00013431-00013891 must have played on the next setting
998T382lO1Y-00034-00013893-00014250 whatever it is I really don't remember
998T382lO1Y-00035-00014251-00014766 I'm too young to die yes that's what it
998T382lO1Y-00036-00014766-00015065 was hmm
998T382lO1Y-00037-00015066-00015446 hmm this must be the last level no it
998T382lO1Y-00038-00015447-00015962 can't be I don't have anything and also
998T382lO1Y-00039-00015963-00017155 oh ok um no no no no
998T382lO1Y-00040-00017156-00017792 ok I can walk in this I thought well
998T382lO1Y-00041-00017793-00018089 [__]
998T382lO1Y-00042-00018090-00018455 terrible chat pls waste of a ship I'm
998T382lO1Y-00043-00018456-00018919 gonna die over here what was that oh no
998T382lO1Y-00044-00018920-00019313 I just got I need to learn how to use
998T382lO1Y-00045-00019314-00019815 buttons I'm numerical patterns
998T382lO1Y-00046-00019816-00020147 holy [__]
998T382lO1Y-00047-00020148-00020528 has a nice shot actually
998T382lO1Y-00048-00020529-00021086 I think it's like unlimited ammo my
998T382lO1Y-00049-00021087-00021859 rockets non markets still at 11
998T382lO1Y-00050-00021860-00022211 that's entertaining much easier than it
998T382lO1Y-00051-00022212-00022492 seemed still in the rockets and
998T382lO1Y-00052-00022493-00022950 everything is now open I definitely
998T382lO1Y-00053-00022951-00023375 never played this level it looks like
998T382lO1Y-00054-00023376-00023955 lava it does it not okay the thing is 30
998T382lO1Y-00055-00023956-00024415 HP not 25 HP I can't count I swear I
998T382lO1Y-00056-00024416-00024777 does math good I speak a good and
998T382lO1Y-00057-00024778-00025417 everything [__] is gonna
998T382lO1Y-00058-00025418-00025687 that's the intro is this like the last
998T382lO1Y-00059-00025688-00026118 level it's like hey enjoy this open
998T382lO1Y-00060-00026119-00026981 world experience
998T382lO1Y-00061-00026982-00027139 it
998T382lO1Y-00062-00027140-00027627 oh [__] I think this really is then
998T382lO1Y-00063-00027628-00028027 there's a gun number six and seven for
998T382lO1Y-00064-00028028-00028797 what is the plasma and the bfg holy okay
998T382lO1Y-00065-00028798-00029130 once you beat the big bad asses
998T382lO1Y-00066-00029131-00029739 achievement is nothing about aren't you
998T382lO1Y-00067-00029740-00030217 where's your fed reward shut the [__] up
998T382lO1Y-00068-00030218-00031374 John Romero go make another zombie movie
998T382lO1Y-00069-00031375-00031610 I'm assuming everyone can read English
998T382lO1Y-00070-00031611-00031854 then again it's just nothing but silence
998T382lO1Y-00071-00031855-00032070 as I'm reading even though I'm only
998T382lO1Y-00072-00032070-00032483 reading a play the shores of hell and
998T382lO1Y-00073-00032485-00033093 it's amazing see in food Dada I thought
998T382lO1Y-00074-00033094-00033264 I just played shores a hill honestly
998T382lO1Y-00075-00033265-00033711 John Carmack John Romero two other guys
998T382lO1Y-00076-00033712-00034536 no one ever talks about artists Adrian
998T382lO1Y-00077-00034537-00034803 Carmen I wonder if he's related to Paul
998T382lO1Y-00078-00034804-00035613 Sullivan Paul Riddick why can't I skip
998T382lO1Y-00079-00035614-00036102 this I'd be nice x aqui duh you want to
998T382lO1Y-00080-00036103-00036557 exit this [__] I understand
998T382lO1Y-00081-00036558-00036954 knee-deep shores of the fair enough and
998T382lO1Y-00082-00036955-00037134 then apparently when another one came
998T382lO1Y-00083-00037135-00037599 out so why is it freaking six and seven
998T382lO1Y-00084-00037600-00037752 if you can't get there were the secrets
998T382lO1Y-00085-00037753-00038208 to should i do ultraviolent did I ever
998T382lO1Y-00086-00038209-00038493 start the clock yeah I did I guess we
998T382lO1Y-00087-00038494-00039192 should continue mmhmm yeah what's the
998T382lO1Y-00088-00039193-00039357 ultra violence I really don't remember
998T382lO1Y-00089-00039358-00039735 that being the name of it at all I'm
998T382lO1Y-00090-00039736-00040131 gonna regret this if I already do
998T382lO1Y-00091-00040132-00040299 I went through a portal I should've gone
998T382lO1Y-00092-00040300-00040823 sir
998T382lO1Y-00093-00040824-00041159 then keep shotgunning his teammates oh
998T382lO1Y-00094-00041160-00041465 you can go right through the park okay
998T382lO1Y-00095-00041466-00041681 I'm lost
998T382lO1Y-00096-00041682-00041903 in the world has only gotten bigger yeah
998T382lO1Y-00097-00041904-00042155 they really do shoot each other they get
998T382lO1Y-00098-00042156-00042464 pissed at each other that's hilarious no
998T382lO1Y-00099-00042465-00043316 [__] I'm shooting a lot start shooting
998T382lO1Y-00100-00043317-00043783 each other I need help there's no health
998T382lO1Y-00101-00043784-00044120 well here's seven bullets have another
998T382lO1Y-00102-00044121-00044756 gun in peace launch of ammo I apparently
998T382lO1Y-00103-00044757-00044972 ran into that wall which is apparently a
998T382lO1Y-00104-00044973-00046322 bad thing 25hp kit I'm lost I didn't
998T382lO1Y-00105-00046323-00046511 even touch the wall that time I know I
998T382lO1Y-00106-00046512-00046985 didn't I call [__] oh it just warp
998T382lO1Y-00107-00046986-00047164 seaport towns
998T382lO1Y-00108-00047165-00047623 I get it
998T382lO1Y-00109-00047624-00047956 yeah keep getting your team yeah yeah
998T382lO1Y-00110-00047957-00048568 yeahs o Shah enjoy so too soft then I
998T382lO1Y-00111-00048569-00048913 just get hurt by walking on that too all
998T382lO1Y-00112-00048914-00049081 of a sudden that stuff hurts last game
998T382lO1Y-00113-00049082-00049804 at dinner on your dlci hurts plus the
998T382lO1Y-00114-00049805-00050548 been free downloads i'm assuming i don't
998T382lO1Y-00115-00050549-00050701 know if that little heart if I Stanek
998T382lO1Y-00116-00050702-00051554 down in second second I don't know why
998T382lO1Y-00117-00051554-00052073 we say t for second and then we say d
998T382lO1Y-00118-00052074-00052523 for like every T english language this
998T382lO1Y-00119-00052524-00052663 is a very
998T382lO1Y-00120-00052664-00053332 and by unaffected in effect by in I mean
998T382lO1Y-00121-00053333-00054526 out I didn't pick up a single just oh I
998T382lO1Y-00122-00054527-00054676 changed my mind I don't want to be here
998T382lO1Y-00123-00054677-00054937 it's a terrible place to be why would I
998T382lO1Y-00124-00054938-00055087 want to be there you guys come through
998T382lO1Y-00125-00055088-00055876 the telly no [__] Bradley until he's
998T382lO1Y-00126-00055877-00056840 broken now that's the exit this entrance
998T382lO1Y-00127-00056841-00057242 y'all day for comment oh [__] I can't
998T382lO1Y-00128-00057244-00057585 come through keep on from keep on coming
998T382lO1Y-00129-00057586-00058362 [__]
998T382lO1Y-00130-00058363-00058533 I think they all killed each other
998T382lO1Y-00131-00058534-00059129 that's awesome I guess I found all of
998T382lO1Y-00132-00059130-00059279 these things are so annoying they just
998T382lO1Y-00133-00059280-00059529 hold those lists they take a lot of
998T382lO1Y-00134-00059529-00060036 damage their bite attack is freakin
998T382lO1Y-00135-00060037-00060477 terrible holy crap time's up Blue Room
998T382lO1Y-00136-00060478-00060933 next time on Dragon Ball Z
9spvSZUngSu-00000-00000012-00000172 foreign
9spvSZUngSu-00001-00000173-00002089 [Music]
9spvSZUngSu-00002-00002090-00002518 cheesecake muffins yes let me give you a
9spvSZUngSu-00003-00002519-00002789 close look at that that is the Martha
9spvSZUngSu-00004-00002790-00003007 White blueberry
9spvSZUngSu-00005-00003008-00003395 cheesecake muffins yes I said the cheese
9spvSZUngSu-00006-00003396-00003809 with the nurse cheesecake muffins yes I
9spvSZUngSu-00007-00003810-00004013 know it's pronounced cheesecake please
9spvSZUngSu-00008-00004014-00004283 do not come for me I am well educated
9spvSZUngSu-00009-00004284-00004654 thank you very much anyway and today
9spvSZUngSu-00010-00004655-00004870 we'll be making these muffins quick and
9spvSZUngSu-00011-00004871-00005038 easy getting y'all in and out of the
9spvSZUngSu-00012-00005039-00005219 kitchen cause y'all know how I do it
9spvSZUngSu-00013-00005220-00005495 today I have two packs of the blueberry
9spvSZUngSu-00014-00005496-00005717 cheesecake muffin and y'all look how
9spvSZUngSu-00015-00005718-00005851 easy it is
9spvSZUngSu-00016-00005852-00006101 just add milk
9spvSZUngSu-00017-00006102-00006341 it don't get no easier than that y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00018-00006342-00006545 I'm telling y'all this is how I really
9spvSZUngSu-00019-00006545-00006725 cook I don't be getting these shortcut
9spvSZUngSu-00020-00006726-00006995 easy quick makeup in five ten minutes
9spvSZUngSu-00021-00006995-00007241 recipes for y'all this is what I really
9spvSZUngSu-00022-00007242-00007523 do this is how I really cook I like to
9spvSZUngSu-00023-00007523-00007727 get in and out of the kitchen I I got
9spvSZUngSu-00024-00007728-00007937 too much going on so I like to get in
9spvSZUngSu-00025-00007938-00008087 and out of the kitchen and have still
9spvSZUngSu-00026-00008088-00008303 have good quality food
9spvSZUngSu-00027-00008304-00008531 but anyway y'all I also wanted to show
9spvSZUngSu-00028-00008532-00008627 y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00029-00008628-00008878 I got two patches y'all can see I also
9spvSZUngSu-00030-00008879-00009028 wanted to show y'all accessory on the
9spvSZUngSu-00031-00009029-00009323 side good source of calcium excellent
9spvSZUngSu-00032-00009324-00009724 source of five vitamins and iron yes
9spvSZUngSu-00033-00009725-00009946 look at all that good nutritious stuff
9spvSZUngSu-00034-00009947-00010151 on the back there yeah y'all look at
9spvSZUngSu-00035-00010152-00010337 that y'all y'all go buy some and read
9spvSZUngSu-00036-00010338-00010439 all that
9spvSZUngSu-00037-00010440-00010649 still good it's gonna taste good
9spvSZUngSu-00038-00010650-00010889 blueberry cheesecake yes and you know
9spvSZUngSu-00039-00010890-00011063 what I like the Martha White brand it's
9spvSZUngSu-00040-00011064-00011291 very good inexpensive I think these were
9spvSZUngSu-00041-00011292-00011464 like two bucks a dollar so actually
9spvSZUngSu-00042-00011465-00011651 these are like a dollar fifty a dollar
9spvSZUngSu-00043-00011652-00011813 seventy one these are really inexpensive
9spvSZUngSu-00044-00011814-00012142 I got two packs guys and it's easy
9spvSZUngSu-00045-00012143-00012364 I read the back I don't know if I've
9spvSZUngSu-00046-00012365-00012533 cooked any Martha White on my channel I
9spvSZUngSu-00047-00012534-00012659 probably have tried I haven't pretty
9spvSZUngSu-00048-00012660-00012821 much cooked it all by now
9spvSZUngSu-00049-00012822-00013096 but anyway let's see so let's read the
9spvSZUngSu-00050-00013097-00013283 instructions y'all know how I do read
9spvSZUngSu-00051-00013284-00013433 the instructions
9spvSZUngSu-00052-00013434-00013649 okay you will need a half a cup of milk
9spvSZUngSu-00053-00013650-00013972 that's it so half a cup of milk so over
9spvSZUngSu-00054-00013973-00014183 here y'all see I got my milk that is a
9spvSZUngSu-00055-00014184-00014399 full cup of milk because you know why I
9spvSZUngSu-00056-00014400-00014615 have two packs each pack is a half a cup
9spvSZUngSu-00057-00014616-00014855 of milk half a cup of milk here and half
9spvSZUngSu-00058-00014856-00015066 a cup of milk for this one half and half
9spvSZUngSu-00059-00015068-00015275 makes a whole
9spvSZUngSu-00060-00015276-00015569 yeah half and a half makes a hole y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00061-00015569-00015779 don't do that I told you our math was
9spvSZUngSu-00062-00015780-00016001 not always my strongest subject when I
9spvSZUngSu-00063-00016002-00016253 was in school it was my weekly show it
9spvSZUngSu-00064-00016254-00016433 was a weakness
9spvSZUngSu-00065-00016434-00016775 word of the day don't be afraid to admit
9spvSZUngSu-00066-00016776-00017003 you're not good at something don't be
9spvSZUngSu-00067-00017004-00017153 afraid that you have to admit that you
9spvSZUngSu-00068-00017154-00017315 have a weakness y'all know what I mean
9spvSZUngSu-00069-00017316-00017477 don't be telling all your business now
9spvSZUngSu-00070-00017478-00017699 don't tell all your business don't do
9spvSZUngSu-00071-00017700-00017872 that but y'all know what I'm trying to
9spvSZUngSu-00072-00017873-00018035 say that's the word of the day y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00073-00018036-00018179 know I gotta get y'all that word every
9spvSZUngSu-00074-00018180-00018611 day always a word so word of the day
9spvSZUngSu-00075-00018612-00018886 don't be ashamed to admit you can't do
9spvSZUngSu-00076-00018887-00019049 something it's not your strongest Point
9spvSZUngSu-00077-00019050-00019243 you're not that good at it
9spvSZUngSu-00078-00019244-00019475 you're not that good at it just figure
9spvSZUngSu-00079-00019476-00019619 out a way to become better that's all
9spvSZUngSu-00080-00019620-00019829 that's what I did with math just got
9spvSZUngSu-00081-00019830-00019955 some little tutoring got some help
9spvSZUngSu-00082-00019956-00020261 anyway y'all okay let's get back to
9spvSZUngSu-00083-00020262-00020477 these months all right so it says here
9spvSZUngSu-00084-00020478-00020680 heat oven to 400 I've already done that
9spvSZUngSu-00085-00020681-00020903 preheated my oven lightly sprayed medium
9spvSZUngSu-00086-00020904-00021143 muffin cups non-stick cooking spray lime
9spvSZUngSu-00087-00021144-00021341 with paper baking cups we ain't doing
9spvSZUngSu-00088-00021342-00021503 that we got the muffin pan you know what
9spvSZUngSu-00089-00021504-00021839 I gotta go get my oil spray
9spvSZUngSu-00090-00021840-00022150 I've got to get my spray
9spvSZUngSu-00091-00022151-00022421 so I could spray my muffin pan all right
9spvSZUngSu-00092-00022422-00022708 so anyway combine muffin mix and milk in
9spvSZUngSu-00093-00022709-00022985 a small mixing bowl stir until moistened
9spvSZUngSu-00094-00022986-00023194 fill muffin cups about two-thirds full
9spvSZUngSu-00095-00023195-00023417 y'all already know if y'all ever seen me
9spvSZUngSu-00096-00023418-00023585 cooking muffins on my channel we ain't
9spvSZUngSu-00097-00023586-00023764 doing no two-thirds we doing it almost
9spvSZUngSu-00098-00023765-00024089 full because we like big muffins don't
9spvSZUngSu-00099-00024090-00024335 give me the mini muffins this my house
9spvSZUngSu-00100-00024336-00024575 I'm baking my own muffins and I like big
9spvSZUngSu-00101-00024576-00024808 muffins so we ain't doing a little mini
9spvSZUngSu-00102-00024809-00025036 muffins we like big muffins around here
9spvSZUngSu-00103-00025037-00025333 around here
9spvSZUngSu-00104-00025334-00025594 either way you all say yeah okay feel
9spvSZUngSu-00105-00025595-00025925 the muffin okay 400 degrees for 14 to 16
9spvSZUngSu-00106-00025926-00026152 minutes or until golden brown and
9spvSZUngSu-00107-00026154-00026464 toothpick and toothpick insert in the
9spvSZUngSu-00108-00026466-00026693 center until Center comes out clean so I
9spvSZUngSu-00109-00026694-00026855 think
9spvSZUngSu-00110-00026856-00027124 the two two pick in the child and if the
9spvSZUngSu-00111-00027125-00027358 two pick come nice and clean not wet
9spvSZUngSu-00112-00027360-00027605 from the muffin mix it's done
9spvSZUngSu-00113-00027606-00027874 okay I'm making things so complicated
9spvSZUngSu-00114-00027875-00028139 all right you know what let me spray
9spvSZUngSu-00115-00028139-00028420 this muffin pan real quick because I
9spvSZUngSu-00116-00028422-00028649 already know running my mouth
9spvSZUngSu-00117-00028650-00028870 I will forget to do that so I'm gonna
9spvSZUngSu-00118-00028872-00029146 spray this muffin pan real quick and
9spvSZUngSu-00119-00029147-00029399 y'all this is my Gotham muffin pan y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00120-00029400-00029590 I'm telling y'all y'all want to invest
9spvSZUngSu-00121-00029591-00029824 in some good cookware it's Gotham I'm
9spvSZUngSu-00122-00029825-00029957 trying to tell you and you know what it
9spvSZUngSu-00123-00029958-00030118 ain't even that expensive and if I can
9spvSZUngSu-00124-00030119-00030335 remember I will leave my whole Gotham
9spvSZUngSu-00125-00030336-00030508 set I will leave that link in the
9spvSZUngSu-00126-00030510-00030670 description box y'all if I remember now
9spvSZUngSu-00127-00030672-00030755 y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00128-00030756-00030887 if I don't
9spvSZUngSu-00129-00030888-00031145 just go on Amazon Google whatever you
9spvSZUngSu-00130-00031145-00031618 need to do Gotham Gotham cookware shows
9spvSZUngSu-00131-00031619-00031793 don't do that because sometimes I'll be
9spvSZUngSu-00132-00031794-00031990 forgetting stuff I'll be doing a lot so
9spvSZUngSu-00133-00031991-00032224 sometimes I forget all right so I'm
9spvSZUngSu-00134-00032225-00032387 gonna spray my little muffin pan it's
9spvSZUngSu-00135-00032388-00032620 good all right so that's already spread
9spvSZUngSu-00136-00032622-00032795 y'all see that's nice and spread
9spvSZUngSu-00137-00032796-00033017 all right move muffin pan all right so
9spvSZUngSu-00138-00033018-00033161 let's go ahead and get these open and
9spvSZUngSu-00139-00033162-00033287 you know what they got a nice little cut
9spvSZUngSu-00140-00033288-00033467 on the side that helps you easily get it
9spvSZUngSu-00141-00033468-00033574 open
9spvSZUngSu-00142-00033575-00033773 that's it see that's what I'm talking
9spvSZUngSu-00143-00033774-00033929 about Martha
9spvSZUngSu-00144-00033930-00034187 blueberries
9spvSZUngSu-00145-00034188-00034493 smell like sweet blueberries you hear me
9spvSZUngSu-00146-00034494-00034807 it smells like a blueberry feel
9spvSZUngSu-00147-00034808-00035152 oh it smells so good y'all I got two
9spvSZUngSu-00148-00035153-00035302 packs because
9spvSZUngSu-00149-00035303-00035657 yeah I need my muscles to be big
9spvSZUngSu-00150-00035658-00035885 all right so
9spvSZUngSu-00151-00035886-00036089 so that's it y'all we're gonna put the
9spvSZUngSu-00152-00036090-00036257 mix in and we putting out full cup of
9spvSZUngSu-00153-00036258-00036401 milk in here
9spvSZUngSu-00154-00036402-00036581 trying to tell y'all it don't get no
9spvSZUngSu-00155-00036582-00036785 easier than that it don't get no easier
9spvSZUngSu-00156-00036786-00036952 than that oh let me show y'all the
9spvSZUngSu-00157-00036953-00037115 blueberries in the mix
9spvSZUngSu-00158-00037116-00037312 see if y'all can see y'all see them
9spvSZUngSu-00159-00037313-00037474 blueberry them little black spots those
9spvSZUngSu-00160-00037475-00037595 blueberries
9spvSZUngSu-00161-00037596-00037895 that's what that is that's blueberries
9spvSZUngSu-00162-00037896-00038087 all right let's get this mixed up and
9spvSZUngSu-00163-00038088-00038255 all y'all y'all I'm using my uh other
9spvSZUngSu-00164-00038256-00038446 Bowl I told y'all this is a three-piece
9spvSZUngSu-00165-00038447-00038543 set
9spvSZUngSu-00166-00038544-00038740 um I normally use sometimes I use the
9spvSZUngSu-00167-00038741-00038933 aqua one the little Aqua one that's a
9spvSZUngSu-00168-00038934-00039179 that's the bigger one and this red one
9spvSZUngSu-00169-00039180-00039377 is the next size down and then there's a
9spvSZUngSu-00170-00039378-00039527 blue one that goes inside this red one
9spvSZUngSu-00171-00039528-00039829 three pieces I got it from Walmart
9spvSZUngSu-00172-00039830-00040043 I don't remember how much it cost y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00173-00040044-00040259 but y'all know from Walmart wasn't that
9spvSZUngSu-00174-00040260-00040409 expensive it's probably like five
9spvSZUngSu-00175-00040410-00040612 dollars I don't remember y'all if y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00176-00040613-00040793 like it go look for it go Google it go
9spvSZUngSu-00177-00040794-00041033 to walmart.com I don't know y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00178-00041034-00041218 but it's really good to have especially
9spvSZUngSu-00179-00041219-00041429 when I mix up my cookies and cakes and
9spvSZUngSu-00180-00041430-00041662 stuff yeah them class bowls all cute and
9spvSZUngSu-00181-00041663-00041909 pretty yeah they all cute pretty but
9spvSZUngSu-00182-00041910-00042149 um I need something big sometimes so I
9spvSZUngSu-00183-00042150-00042340 can get make sure everything get mixed
9spvSZUngSu-00184-00042341-00042521 up properly
9spvSZUngSu-00185-00042522-00042809 properly
9spvSZUngSu-00186-00042810-00043037 oh that smelling good y'all oh it's
9spvSZUngSu-00187-00043038-00043283 gonna be good I got the oven preheated
9spvSZUngSu-00188-00043284-00043571 over there ready
9spvSZUngSu-00189-00043572-00043811 to bake them up
9spvSZUngSu-00190-00043812-00044083 oh y'all ready to bake the muffins
9spvSZUngSu-00191-00044084-00044279 blueberry muffins
9spvSZUngSu-00192-00044280-00044524 chai please you can have blueberry
9spvSZUngSu-00193-00044525-00044867 muffins in 16 minutes y'all 16 minutes
9spvSZUngSu-00194-00044868-00045046 you can have blueberry muffins
9spvSZUngSu-00195-00045047-00045233 I don't care what you say everything got
9spvSZUngSu-00196-00045234-00045449 to be homemade come on
9spvSZUngSu-00197-00045450-00045611 forget that everything got to be
9spvSZUngSu-00198-00045612-00045749 homemade they making it too easy for me
9spvSZUngSu-00199-00045750-00045911 don't get mad at me because they're
9spvSZUngSu-00200-00045912-00046079 making it easy for me they making it
9spvSZUngSu-00201-00046080-00046379 easy for us y'all making it easy don't
9spvSZUngSu-00202-00046380-00046589 get mad at me because I want to get in
9spvSZUngSu-00203-00046590-00046768 and out of the kitchen
9spvSZUngSu-00204-00046769-00046918 don't get mad at me you stay in the
9spvSZUngSu-00205-00046919-00047099 kitchen all day I ain't doing it
9spvSZUngSu-00206-00047100-00047243 that's your business
9spvSZUngSu-00207-00047244-00047399 you've been in the kitchen all day and
9spvSZUngSu-00208-00047400-00047524 got nothing to do with me being in the
9spvSZUngSu-00209-00047525-00047645 kitchen you could be in the kitchen for
9spvSZUngSu-00210-00047646-00047771 four hours not to be in there an hour
9spvSZUngSu-00211-00047772-00048023 that ain't my fault don't get mad at me
9spvSZUngSu-00212-00048024-00048508 please
9spvSZUngSu-00213-00048509-00048677 put myself bye
9spvSZUngSu-00214-00048678-00048845 I'll be tripping myself out with the
9spvSZUngSu-00215-00048846-00049073 stuff I'll be saying y'all know I'm
9spvSZUngSu-00216-00049074-00049229 crazy
9spvSZUngSu-00217-00049230-00049445 y'all know okay y'all let's not do all
9spvSZUngSu-00218-00049446-00049757 this mix and try and that's how I mix
9spvSZUngSu-00219-00049758-00049955 a nice little cute little blueberries
9spvSZUngSu-00220-00049956-00050195 okay they cute
9spvSZUngSu-00221-00050196-00050393 the blueberries on like big chunky
9spvSZUngSu-00222-00050394-00050639 blueberries so I'm glad they got these
9spvSZUngSu-00223-00050640-00050855 little small blueberries in here now
9spvSZUngSu-00224-00050856-00051011 I'm gonna be liking to bite down on
9spvSZUngSu-00225-00051012-00051226 those big old giant blueberry I ain't
9spvSZUngSu-00226-00051227-00051352 with all that
9spvSZUngSu-00227-00051353-00051551 a chocolate chip yeah piece of chocolate
9spvSZUngSu-00228-00051552-00051694 yeah
9spvSZUngSu-00229-00051695-00052049 but some things it's a no for me
9spvSZUngSu-00230-00052050-00052252 all right y'all we jumping right into
9spvSZUngSu-00231-00052253-00052420 this video today
9spvSZUngSu-00232-00052421-00052721 as y'all can see all right so let's move
9spvSZUngSu-00233-00052722-00052847 forward
9spvSZUngSu-00234-00052848-00053087 y'all know I like my look handy dandy
9spvSZUngSu-00235-00053088-00053459 red spatula I got from 1.25 tree
9spvSZUngSu-00236-00053460-00053632 I know I like that this this helps me
9spvSZUngSu-00237-00053633-00053759 Whip It Up
9spvSZUngSu-00238-00053760-00053957 scrape that bottom make sure all my mix
9spvSZUngSu-00239-00053958-00054221 is mixed up real good
9spvSZUngSu-00240-00054222-00054532 so y'all like get to that bottom
9spvSZUngSu-00241-00054533-00054719 make sure everything nice and mixed
9spvSZUngSu-00242-00054720-00054904 because y'all be dry powder down there
9spvSZUngSu-00243-00054905-00055121 it won't be mixed all up so y'all gotta
9spvSZUngSu-00244-00055122-00055282 make sure y'all scraping that bottom
9spvSZUngSu-00245-00055283-00055415 like this
9spvSZUngSu-00246-00055416-00055594 make sure everything's nice and mixed
9spvSZUngSu-00247-00055595-00055913 okay child okay okay don't over mix
9spvSZUngSu-00248-00055914-00056182 child don't over mix your stuff okay
9spvSZUngSu-00249-00056183-00056344 that's enough that's enough
9spvSZUngSu-00250-00056345-00056513 let's go ahead and get these blueberries
9spvSZUngSu-00251-00056514-00056747 scooped in here because we ain't got all
9spvSZUngSu-00252-00056748-00056932 day we're gonna make these blueberry
9spvSZUngSu-00253-00056933-00057125 cheesecake muffins
9spvSZUngSu-00254-00057126-00057532 and 16 14 to 16 minutes per the package
9spvSZUngSu-00255-00057533-00057947 per the package 14 to 16 minutes
9spvSZUngSu-00256-00057948-00058180 okay let's go
9spvSZUngSu-00257-00058182-00058444 move out the way child move out the way
9spvSZUngSu-00258-00058445-00058894 move out the way okay so let's go ahead
9spvSZUngSu-00259-00058895-00059182 get this blueberry mix
9spvSZUngSu-00260-00059183-00059338 here
9spvSZUngSu-00261-00059339-00059554 let's get it scooped in our muffin pan
9spvSZUngSu-00262-00059555-00059788 okay you all can see that
9spvSZUngSu-00263-00059789-00060004 all right and I got my little other
9spvSZUngSu-00264-00060005-00060226 handy dandy I got all these little red
9spvSZUngSu-00265-00060227-00060466 little cookware's I got these from 1.25
9spvSZUngSu-00266-00060467-00060850 tree track 1.25 tree that's good enough
9spvSZUngSu-00267-00060851-00061037 that's good enough I just need you to
9spvSZUngSu-00268-00061038-00061297 put the food in there
9spvSZUngSu-00269-00061298-00061582 let's see probably about to do about two
9spvSZUngSu-00270-00061583-00061816 scoops in each one
9spvSZUngSu-00271-00061817-00062032 two thirds full I don't think so we
9spvSZUngSu-00272-00062033-00062399 filling this up boo we filling this up
9spvSZUngSu-00273-00062400-00062561 I'm telling y'all anything with the word
9spvSZUngSu-00274-00062562-00062741 cheesecake in it
9spvSZUngSu-00275-00062741-00062969 all you gotta do is put cheesecake in it
9spvSZUngSu-00276-00062970-00063149 I'm gonna get it I love you some
9spvSZUngSu-00277-00063150-00063592 cheesecake for real
9spvSZUngSu-00278-00063594-00063773 I see the word cheesecake I'd be like oh
9spvSZUngSu-00279-00063774-00063982 oh yes I gotta get that oh that sounds
9spvSZUngSu-00280-00063983-00064163 good try it could be something nasty but
9spvSZUngSu-00281-00064164-00064373 they put the word cheesecake in it imma
9spvSZUngSu-00282-00064374-00064492 get it
9spvSZUngSu-00283-00064494-00064750 pick up cheesecake cheesecake pickle
9spvSZUngSu-00284-00064751-00065111 whatever I'ma get it
9spvSZUngSu-00285-00065112-00065380 the word cheesecake in it onion
9spvSZUngSu-00286-00065382-00065626 cheesecake I'm gonna get it I'm telling
9spvSZUngSu-00287-00065627-00065813 you it could be the stupidest thing
9spvSZUngSu-00288-00065814-00066005 they think they slick they put the word
9spvSZUngSu-00289-00066006-00066161 cheesecake in it they know we're gonna
9spvSZUngSu-00290-00066162-00066365 be like oh that sounds good
9spvSZUngSu-00291-00066366-00066575 usually if something got cheesecake in
9spvSZUngSu-00292-00066576-00066743 it it is pretty good y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00293-00066744-00067037 it is pretty good
9spvSZUngSu-00294-00067038-00067235 I was just tripping about the pickles
9spvSZUngSu-00295-00067236-00067432 and stuff
9spvSZUngSu-00296-00067433-00067655 all right
9spvSZUngSu-00297-00067656-00067876 okay let's make sure we got enough for
9spvSZUngSu-00298-00067877-00068081 all our muffins first
9spvSZUngSu-00299-00068082-00068291 I got a good I got a good amount in here
9spvSZUngSu-00300-00068292-00068603 so but I do want to get all my muffins
9spvSZUngSu-00301-00068604-00068891 let's get everybody filled up
9spvSZUngSu-00302-00068892-00069569 and did not come back
9spvSZUngSu-00303-00069570-00069731 I probably should have got three of
9spvSZUngSu-00304-00069732-00070073 these for the size muffins we like
9spvSZUngSu-00305-00070074-00070313 should have got three of these Jokers
9spvSZUngSu-00306-00070314-00070913 I think we'll be all right
9spvSZUngSu-00307-00070914-00071225 scooping it right on in now
9spvSZUngSu-00308-00071226-00071771 make sure everybody got some muffin mix
9spvSZUngSu-00309-00071772-00071965 looking good
9spvSZUngSu-00310-00071966-00072167 yeah I should have got three but that's
9spvSZUngSu-00311-00072168-00072413 all right this still turned out right
9spvSZUngSu-00312-00072414-00072653 still be all right scrape it and get all
9spvSZUngSu-00313-00072654-00072791 your stuff
9spvSZUngSu-00314-00072792-00072947 make sure you get all your groceries
9spvSZUngSu-00315-00072948-00073073 make sure you get all your stuff you
9spvSZUngSu-00316-00073074-00073253 paid for but they tripping on these
9spvSZUngSu-00317-00073254-00073529 groceries yes they are tripping on these
9spvSZUngSu-00318-00073530-00073637 groceries
9spvSZUngSu-00319-00073638-00073906 so make sure you get all your stuff that
9spvSZUngSu-00320-00073907-00074063 you paid for
9spvSZUngSu-00321-00074064-00074297 get all your stuff honey don't need none
9spvSZUngSu-00322-00074298-00074591 of your money behind scrape all your
9spvSZUngSu-00323-00074592-00075006 stuff leave no money behind on hun
9spvSZUngSu-00324-00075007-00075238 for real
9spvSZUngSu-00325-00075239-00075443 all right so
9spvSZUngSu-00326-00075444-00075653 let me see now look what's left in a
9spvSZUngSu-00327-00075654-00075731 bowl
9spvSZUngSu-00328-00075732-00075959 that's money left in there honey that's
9spvSZUngSu-00329-00075960-00076061 money
9spvSZUngSu-00330-00076062-00076282 that's money baby
9spvSZUngSu-00331-00076283-00076594 that's money we got to get all that
9spvSZUngSu-00332-00076595-00076865 get out whatever you can get get all
9spvSZUngSu-00333-00076866-00077206 your stuff scraping this yes boo
9spvSZUngSu-00334-00077207-00077423 they playing around
9spvSZUngSu-00335-00077424-00077782 playing around I went to get some uh hot
9spvSZUngSu-00336-00077783-00077987 spicy Cheetos I like them sometimes I
9spvSZUngSu-00337-00077988-00078215 like a little spice but yeah y'all I
9spvSZUngSu-00338-00078216-00078450 went to Publix the other day
9spvSZUngSu-00339-00078451-00078725 and I went and got some you know just
9spvSZUngSu-00340-00078726-00078905 picking up regular groceries
9spvSZUngSu-00341-00078906-00079217 and I got some spicy Cheetos
9spvSZUngSu-00342-00079218-00079421 and God dogging I'm gonna drop something
9spvSZUngSu-00343-00079422-00079741 oh well sure I got some spicy Cheetos
9spvSZUngSu-00344-00079742-00079967 and the Cheetos used to be three dollars
9spvSZUngSu-00345-00079968-00080117 and some change and I used to think that
9spvSZUngSu-00346-00080118-00080369 was expensive because that is for some
9spvSZUngSu-00347-00080370-00080662 chips potatoes three dollars doesn't
9spvSZUngSu-00348-00080663-00080885 change almost four dollars so how about
9spvSZUngSu-00349-00080886-00081103 I went the other day grocery shopping
9spvSZUngSu-00350-00081104-00081521 child they got the Cheetos almost six
9spvSZUngSu-00351-00081522-00081826 dollars double what I used to pay for I
9spvSZUngSu-00352-00081827-00082000 say you know what
9spvSZUngSu-00353-00082001-00082285 the devil is alive
9spvSZUngSu-00354-00082286-00082499 ridiculous y'all know he don't got
9spvSZUngSu-00355-00082500-00082732 ridiculous how they got these um how
9spvSZUngSu-00356-00082733-00082931 they got these groceries all Sky High
9spvSZUngSu-00357-00082932-00083087 y'all better be smile with y'all money
9spvSZUngSu-00358-00083088-00083249 like I tell y'all be smile with your
9spvSZUngSu-00359-00083250-00083435 money now y'all know I be getting my
9spvSZUngSu-00360-00083436-00083675 deals get your deals get your deals Boo
9spvSZUngSu-00361-00083676-00083891 get your deals get your money's worth
9spvSZUngSu-00362-00083892-00084203 use all your stuff so everything I'm
9spvSZUngSu-00363-00084204-00084376 going up and I got out of control y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00364-00084377-00084599 but okay so y'all see I got my muffins
9spvSZUngSu-00365-00084600-00084844 and all in here everything's all in here
9spvSZUngSu-00366-00084845-00085067 got me some cute muffins these might be
9spvSZUngSu-00367-00085068-00085223 these might be yeah these are gonna be
9spvSZUngSu-00368-00085224-00085432 bigger than these but whatever
9spvSZUngSu-00369-00085433-00085691 these would be my muffins the big ones
9spvSZUngSu-00370-00085692-00085847 and then them be for the kids y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00371-00085848-00086015 don't be for the kids
9spvSZUngSu-00372-00086016-00086212 all right I got muffin mix all over my
9spvSZUngSu-00373-00086213-00086362 hand okay let me go ahead and get my
9spvSZUngSu-00374-00086363-00086476 hands washed y'all I'm gonna go ahead
9spvSZUngSu-00375-00086477-00086656 and get the muffins in the oven I didn't
9spvSZUngSu-00376-00086657-00086800 want to make this a long video but y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00377-00086801-00086969 know I get to talking and giving y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00378-00086970-00087131 that word of the day because that's what
9spvSZUngSu-00379-00087132-00087293 I want to make sure I do every time I
9spvSZUngSu-00380-00087294-00087485 upload a video give y'all a word of the
9spvSZUngSu-00381-00087486-00087694 day gotta have a word gotta have a word
9spvSZUngSu-00382-00087695-00087815 in your spirit
9spvSZUngSu-00383-00087816-00088043 but okay let me get these in the oven
9spvSZUngSu-00384-00088044-00088217 y'all the oven is hot and ready let me
9spvSZUngSu-00385-00088218-00088343 get these muffins in the oven and then
9spvSZUngSu-00386-00088344-00088481 y'all when I come back I'll be the grand
9spvSZUngSu-00387-00088482-00088625 finale and be showing y'all the biscuits
9spvSZUngSu-00388-00088626-00088811 this ain't no long video this is just
9spvSZUngSu-00389-00088812-00089015 biscuits I'm sorry not biscuits muffins
9spvSZUngSu-00390-00089016-00089243 just muffin y'all cheesecake muffins all
9spvSZUngSu-00391-00089244-00089423 right I'll be back y'all for the grand
9spvSZUngSu-00392-00089424-00089711 finale okay guys this is the grand
9spvSZUngSu-00393-00089712-00090037 finale the cheesecake
9spvSZUngSu-00394-00090038-00090335 blueberry cheesecake muffins are all
9spvSZUngSu-00395-00090336-00090617 done and they look so good they smell so
9spvSZUngSu-00396-00090618-00090929 good and they taste good yes I know
9spvSZUngSu-00397-00090930-00091079 y'all see that empty space over there
9spvSZUngSu-00398-00091080-00091379 yes because I ate one of my muffins
9spvSZUngSu-00399-00091380-00091565 I keep telling y'all it's my food I can
9spvSZUngSu-00400-00091566-00091865 eat it if I want to so sometimes some
9spvSZUngSu-00401-00091866-00092087 food may come up missing in the grand
9spvSZUngSu-00402-00092088-00092350 finale it just happens so all right
9spvSZUngSu-00403-00092351-00092567 y'all the biscuits taste biscuits Lord
9spvSZUngSu-00404-00092568-00092897 have mercy yeah it was like a biscuit uh
9spvSZUngSu-00405-00092898-00093094 it tastes so good you get that
9spvSZUngSu-00406-00093095-00093299 cheesecake flavor and then that
9spvSZUngSu-00407-00093300-00093599 blueberry flavor brushes in on you
9spvSZUngSu-00408-00093600-00093761 I'm telling y'all they are really
9spvSZUngSu-00409-00093762-00094031 delicious I love it it only took me 16
9spvSZUngSu-00410-00094032-00094259 minutes to cook these I don't know about
9spvSZUngSu-00411-00094260-00094391 y'all y'all better get y'all something
9spvSZUngSu-00412-00094392-00094541 Martha White
9spvSZUngSu-00413-00094542-00094799 16 minute cheesecake blueberry
9spvSZUngSu-00414-00094800-00095123 cheesecake muffins all right y'all
9spvSZUngSu-00415-00095124-00095447 y'all see me do it so you know I did it
9spvSZUngSu-00416-00095448-00095711 you zoom y'all in before I go now
9spvSZUngSu-00417-00095712-00096059 see me do it so you know I did it
9spvSZUngSu-00418-00096060-00096311 this is arika Misha thank you so much
9spvSZUngSu-00419-00096312-00096479 for watching don't forget to like
9spvSZUngSu-00420-00096480-00096743 comment and subscribe follow me on all
9spvSZUngSu-00421-00096744-00096965 my social media tarika Misha and don't
9spvSZUngSu-00422-00096966-00097276 forget guys that knowledge is power
9spvSZUngSu-00423-00097277-00097668 thanks guys bye
9tAzR0STkMo-00000-00000596-00000835 in order to create if you shed from
9tAzR0STkMo-00001-00000836-00001123 multiple viewpoints we are going to go
9tAzR0STkMo-00002-00001124-00001258 back into your attribute table down here
9tAzR0STkMo-00003-00001259-00001540 and if this was selected you just click
9tAzR0STkMo-00004-00001541-00001810 this white icon to unselect attributes
9tAzR0STkMo-00005-00001811-00002107 and if we recreated a view shed similar
9tAzR0STkMo-00006-00002108-00002356 to before you would get a layer that
9tAzR0STkMo-00007-00002357-00002629 would express the visibility from all
9tAzR0STkMo-00008-00002630-00002953 three viewpoints now that we've created
9tAzR0STkMo-00009-00002954-00003178 a tin model and the raster surface we
9tAzR0STkMo-00010-00003179-00003354 can load them into our screen and view
9tAzR0STkMo-00011-00003355-00003592 them in a 3d setting in this next
9tAzR0STkMo-00012-00003593-00003751 session we will learn how to change the
9tAzR0STkMo-00013-00003752-00003970 viewing properties of a scene navigate
9tAzR0STkMo-00014-00003971-00004213 the racine and add additional data to a
9tAzR0STkMo-00015-00004214-00004390 to the analysis first things first we
9tAzR0STkMo-00016-00004391-00004540 have to start our team which you can
9tAzR0STkMo-00017-00004541-00004850 find in our clap on a 3d analyst toolbar
9tAzR0STkMo-00018-00004851-00005373 our scene ok let's open a blank scene
9tAzR0STkMo-00019-00005374-00005568 and we can either press the add data
9tAzR0STkMo-00020-00005569-00005823 button at our rafter or we can open up
9tAzR0STkMo-00021-00005824-00006247 the catalog catalog maximize this pin
9tAzR0STkMo-00022-00006248-00006589 the catalog to the side and then open up
9tAzR0STkMo-00023-00006590-00006906 our soil in our geo database and add our
9tAzR0STkMo-00024-00006908-00007623 rapture so we have the raster here we
9tAzR0STkMo-00025-00007625-00007809 are going to first right click on the
9tAzR0STkMo-00026-00007811-00008131 file name go to properties we are going
9tAzR0STkMo-00027-00008131-00008458 to go to the base height tab and select
9tAzR0STkMo-00028-00008459-00008641 floating on a custom surface going to
9tAzR0STkMo-00029-00008642-00008838 make sure the file selected here is the
9tAzR0STkMo-00030-00008839-00009081 same file or the rapture that we import
9tAzR0STkMo-00031-00009082-00009256 it into our feet which it is for reflect
9tAzR0STkMo-00032-00009257-00009517 okay now we can change the color to
9tAzR0STkMo-00033-00009518-00009678 raster by clicking on the gradient and
9tAzR0STkMo-00034-00009679-00009831 choosing a different color schemes just
9tAzR0STkMo-00035-00009832-00010141 like in arcmap we like this one okay you
9tAzR0STkMo-00036-00010142-00010330 can change the viewing angle for
9tAzR0STkMo-00037-00010331-00010519 dragging the mouse around clicking and
9tAzR0STkMo-00038-00010520-00010674 dragging we can zoom in and out using
9tAzR0STkMo-00039-00010675-00010966 the scroll bar and if you want to add a
9tAzR0STkMo-00040-00010967-00011142 North arrow to keep ourselves oriented
9tAzR0STkMo-00041-00011143-00011563 we just go to view settings and check
9tAzR0STkMo-00042-00011564-00011792 the directional arrow
9tAzR0STkMo-00043-00011793-00012179 is there not zero to explore the scene
9tAzR0STkMo-00044-00012180-00012476 interactively click icon of the flying
9tAzR0STkMo-00045-00012477-00012799 bird left click to increase the speed at
9tAzR0STkMo-00046-00012800-00013082 which you fly and right click to slow
9tAzR0STkMo-00047-00013083-00013382 down or go backwards push the shift key
9tAzR0STkMo-00048-00013383-00013583 while flying to maintain a constant
9tAzR0STkMo-00049-00013584-00013772 elevation and then move the mouse up and
9tAzR0STkMo-00050-00013772-00014144 down to look glam you can right click to
9tAzR0STkMo-00051-00014144-00014486 slow down until the icon of the standing
9tAzR0STkMo-00052-00014487-00014678 bridge goes up to now you stop you can
9tAzR0STkMo-00053-00014679-00014912 also use the center on target tool the
9tAzR0STkMo-00054-00014913-00015238 zoom to target tool and the set observer
9tAzR0STkMo-00055-00015240-00015479 point tool as well which all do exactly
9tAzR0STkMo-00056-00015480-00015838 as I say as always the globe icon will
9tAzR0STkMo-00057-00015840-00016034 reset you back to the full extent of the
9tAzR0STkMo-00058-00016035-00016256 model now that we have a Florida model
9tAzR0STkMo-00059-00016257-00016427 we can add other features to our map
9tAzR0STkMo-00060-00016428-00016619 first we are going to add a view points
9tAzR0STkMo-00061-00016620-00016799 to the scene we're going to go over to
9tAzR0STkMo-00062-00016800-00017018 our catalog on the new points feature
9tAzR0STkMo-00063-00017019-00017225 class and drag it into the table of
9tAzR0STkMo-00064-00017226-00017507 contents their current elevations are
9tAzR0STkMo-00065-00017508-00017669 set at zero so you'll be able to see
9tAzR0STkMo-00066-00017670-00017921 them so we need to right-click Swiss
9tAzR0STkMo-00067-00017922-00018338 property and select the base I stabbed
9tAzR0STkMo-00068-00018339-00018521 like we did with the raster flex
9tAzR0STkMo-00069-00018522-00018752 floating on a custom surface and make
9tAzR0STkMo-00070-00018753-00018919 sure the raster file that we are using
9tAzR0STkMo-00071-00018920-00019222 is selected okay now on hilly terrain
9tAzR0STkMo-00072-00019223-00019415 they don't always show up perfectly but
9tAzR0STkMo-00073-00019416-00019559 you can kind of see those there's one
9tAzR0STkMo-00074-00019560-00020036 here if you want to change the icon just
9tAzR0STkMo-00075-00020037-00020222 so you know different colors and rest of
9tAzR0STkMo-00076-00020223-00020393 the map like a bright green or something
9tAzR0STkMo-00077-00020394-00020582 sometimes works in the size without
9tAzR0STkMo-00078-00020583-00020756 their times they show up a little bit
9tAzR0STkMo-00079-00020757-00021172 better we can also bring in water bodies
9tAzR0STkMo-00080-00021173-00021449 rose or cut blocks in the same way and
9tAzR0STkMo-00081-00021450-00021683 we have here lakes and wetlands tool
9tAzR0STkMo-00082-00021684-00021902 drag bag
9tAzR0STkMo-00083-00021903-00022098 you
9tAzR0STkMo-00084-00022099-00022398 now polygon features such as water
9tAzR0STkMo-00085-00022399-00022623 bodies don't only show up that well in
9tAzR0STkMo-00086-00022624-00022839 our scene so after we add them we're
9tAzR0STkMo-00087-00022840-00023082 going to go to run a right click good
9tAzR0STkMo-00088-00023083-00023391 property and we're going to go to meet
9tAzR0STkMo-00089-00023392-00023655 rusian tab and check extrude features in
9tAzR0STkMo-00090-00023656-00023927 layer ok
9tAzR0STkMo-00091-00023928-00024371 we're next we are going to do some three
9tAzR0STkMo-00092-00024372-00024686 announces using google earth pro before
9tAzR0STkMo-00093-00024687-00024955 we do this we have to create a point
9tAzR0STkMo-00094-00024956-00025238 feature class that is one point each
9tAzR0STkMo-00095-00025239-00025490 corner of your area of interest that we
9tAzR0STkMo-00096-00025491-00025690 are using in park scene we're going to
9tAzR0STkMo-00097-00025691-00026075 call at four corners let's create it in
9tAzR0STkMo-00098-00026076-00026357 arcmap though because i know how to do
9tAzR0STkMo-00099-00026358-00026581 that a little bit better we can unselect
9tAzR0STkMo-00100-00026582-00026975 you shed a viewpoint clothes attribute
9tAzR0STkMo-00101-00026976-00027445 table and activator aoi great so let's
9tAzR0STkMo-00102-00027447-00027662 create a new feature class right click
9tAzR0STkMo-00103-00027663-00027974 on tutorial or whatever q database
9tAzR0STkMo-00104-00027975-00028382 you're using go to new feature class we
9tAzR0STkMo-00105-00028383-00028907 are going to call it four corners it's
9tAzR0STkMo-00106-00028908-00029137 going to be a point feature class
9tAzR0STkMo-00107-00029138-00029474 everything else empty click Next select
9tAzR0STkMo-00108-00029475-00029764 our coordinate system next that's okay
9tAzR0STkMo-00109-00029766-00030139 that's okay that's okay great we're
9tAzR0STkMo-00110-00030141-00030443 going to go to edit start editing we are
9tAzR0STkMo-00111-00030444-00030733 going to go to the create features tools
9tAzR0STkMo-00112-00030735-00030911 similar to what we did when we created
9tAzR0STkMo-00113-00030912-00031135 our area of interest select four corners
9tAzR0STkMo-00114-00031136-00031523 so point tool and when we create the
9tAzR0STkMo-00115-00031524-00031730 flare
9tAzR0STkMo-00116-00031731-00031992 kind of shrink the catalogue now it
9tAzR0STkMo-00117-00031993-00032217 should automatically snap to the edges
9tAzR0STkMo-00118-00032218-00032476 of whatever layer you have so they light
9tAzR0STkMo-00119-00032477-00032739 vertex will do one their point must work
9tAzR0STkMo-00120-00032740-00033070 to should work and that should work
9tAzR0STkMo-00121-00033071-00033465 great editor stop editing yes we want to
9tAzR0STkMo-00122-00033466-00033904 savor it and now we have a point feature
9tAzR0STkMo-00123-00033905-00034354 class layer in order to use the feature
9tAzR0STkMo-00124-00034355-00034590 class that we just created in or the
9tAzR0STkMo-00125-00034591-00034740 points layer which is created in Google
9tAzR0STkMo-00126-00034741-00034957 Earth Pro we are going to have to
9tAzR0STkMo-00127-00034958-00035133 convert it through a shapefile which is
9tAzR0STkMo-00128-00035134-00035311 still going to be a point layer but it
9tAzR0STkMo-00129-00035312-00035470 is a different kind of file than a
9tAzR0STkMo-00130-00035471-00035730 feature class which works in google
9tAzR0STkMo-00131-00035731-00035985 earth pro going to open our tool box go
9tAzR0STkMo-00132-00035986-00036392 to conversion tools to shapefiles
9tAzR0STkMo-00133-00036393-00036624 double-click feature class to shapefile
9tAzR0STkMo-00134-00036625-00036811 multiple we're going to do one though
9tAzR0STkMo-00135-00036812-00037074 click on your four corners layer in your
9tAzR0STkMo-00136-00037075-00037482 table contents drag it to input features
9tAzR0STkMo-00137-00037483-00037758 choose what folder you want to go in I
9tAzR0STkMo-00138-00037759-00038030 made a folder called tutorial shapefiles
9tAzR0STkMo-00139-00038031-00038424 single click on that they add and click
9tAzR0STkMo-00140-00038425-00038793 ok now we are going to import these
9tAzR0STkMo-00141-00038794-00039168 points into google earth pro first open
9tAzR0STkMo-00142-00039169-00039636 Google Earth once here we're going to go
9tAzR0STkMo-00143-00039637-00040020 to file import find our folder that we
9tAzR0STkMo-00144-00040021-00040245 save it in shape files reason we say V
9tAzR0STkMo-00145-00040246-00040426 shape files in a folder instead of a
9tAzR0STkMo-00146-00040427-00040596 geodatabase is because shape files
9tAzR0STkMo-00147-00040597-00040845 cannot be saved into your database so
9tAzR0STkMo-00148-00040846-00041067 click that I'm gonna have to go down
9tAzR0STkMo-00149-00041068-00041327 here make sure you can see all files and
9tAzR0STkMo-00150-00041328-00041640 we are going to select four corners from
9tAzR0STkMo-00151-00041641-00041793 there to there make sure you select all
9tAzR0STkMo-00152-00041794-00042085 of the files that go with the shapefile
9tAzR0STkMo-00153-00042086-00042370 much like your feature classes they're
9tAzR0STkMo-00154-00042371-00042574 made up of a lot of other smaller files
9tAzR0STkMo-00155-00042575-00042754 which when you're in our catalog all
9tAzR0STkMo-00156-00042755-00042955 look like one file together but one year
9tAzR0STkMo-00157-00042956-00043137 in windows explorer such as now are made
9tAzR0STkMo-00158-00043138-00043339 up of a lot of different ones so four
9tAzR0STkMo-00159-00043340-00043542 corners underscore one is a copy of this
9tAzR0STkMo-00160-00043543-00043726 file so don't select those if you've
9tAzR0STkMo-00161-00043727-00043920 made two copies by accident like i did i
9tAzR0STkMo-00162-00043921-00044136 just made one copy selecting everything
9tAzR0STkMo-00163-00044137-00044424 with the name four corners dot whatever
9tAzR0STkMo-00164-00044425-00044767 that is and i'm going to say open let's
9tAzR0STkMo-00165-00044768-00045245 say we do
9tAzR0STkMo-00166-00045246-00045901 you
9tAzR0STkMo-00167-00045902-00046311 next we are going to check for corner so
9tAzR0STkMo-00168-00046312-00046504 it's on you see the button show up here
9tAzR0STkMo-00169-00046505-00046989 we can unclick all the other icons so
9tAzR0STkMo-00170-00046990-00047436 they don't get in the way next we are
9tAzR0STkMo-00171-00047437-00047827 going to zoom into our screen the best
9tAzR0STkMo-00172-00047828-00048121 that we can in order to see our four
9tAzR0STkMo-00173-00048122-00048436 corners we want to be directly overhead
9tAzR0STkMo-00174-00048437-00048687 our four corners the best that we can
9tAzR0STkMo-00175-00048688-00048976 what it is is pretty good you can see
9tAzR0STkMo-00176-00048977-00049180 all four corners one of them is behind
9tAzR0STkMo-00177-00049181-00049596 here 2 3 4 excellent click save image
9tAzR0STkMo-00178-00049597-00049873 which is this icon right here we don't
9tAzR0STkMo-00179-00049874-00050124 need a legend or anything because we're
9tAzR0STkMo-00180-00050125-00050599 just importing it back into arcsine so
9tAzR0STkMo-00181-00050600-00050845 I'm go to map options on cliff title
9tAzR0STkMo-00182-00050846-00051130 description legend scale compass I mean
9tAzR0STkMo-00183-00051131-00051354 I mean that change the resolution to
9tAzR0STkMo-00184-00051355-00051741 maximum click save image right here make
9tAzR0STkMo-00185-00051742-00052048 a folder to save it in little rd drive
9tAzR0STkMo-00186-00052049-00052476 hello tutorial shapefiles why not we'll
9tAzR0STkMo-00187-00052477-00053134 save it as a JPEG as google image
9tAzR0STkMo-00188-00053135-00053473 and press space okay now that we've done
9tAzR0STkMo-00189-00053474-00053704 that we are going to go back to arc map
9tAzR0STkMo-00190-00053704-00054010 we are going to find in our catalog
9tAzR0STkMo-00191-00054011-00054226 damage we just save should be in our
9tAzR0STkMo-00192-00054227-00054541 tutorial shapefile if it's not there and
9tAzR0STkMo-00193-00054541-00054724 this happened to save a file and it
9tAzR0STkMo-00194-00054725-00054850 doesn't show up yet you can right click
9tAzR0STkMo-00195-00054851-00055141 the folder with refresh there is google
9tAzR0STkMo-00196-00055141-00055336 image before we add it to our lair we
9tAzR0STkMo-00197-00055337-00055817 are going to right click select property
9tAzR0STkMo-00198-00055819-00056166 scroll down to spatial reference section
9tAzR0STkMo-00199-00056167-00056413 we're going to click edit select our
9tAzR0STkMo-00200-00056414-00056695 projection or coordinate system and say
9tAzR0STkMo-00201-00056696-00057154 okay stay okay again next we are going
9tAzR0STkMo-00202-00057154-00057463 to open the jew referencing toolbar in
9tAzR0STkMo-00203-00057464-00057666 arcmap still and might already dressed
9tAzR0STkMo-00204-00057667-00058065 here but if not go to customize toolbars
9tAzR0STkMo-00205-00058066-00058420 geo referencing we can lock it to our
9tAzR0STkMo-00206-00058421-00058627 screen put it right here what kind of
9tAzR0STkMo-00207-00058628-00058810 running out of room here we go we are
9tAzR0STkMo-00208-00058811-00059125 going to now just have the four corners
9tAzR0STkMo-00209-00059126-00059379 shapefile here and the google image in
9tAzR0STkMo-00210-00059380-00059655 our new screen so click google image
9tAzR0STkMo-00211-00059657-00059860 drag it in and even though we set the
9tAzR0STkMo-00212-00059861-00060016 coordinate system to the same you'll
9tAzR0STkMo-00213-00060016-00060166 notice that here's our four corners
9tAzR0STkMo-00214-00060166-00060373 let's remove all the other things from
9tAzR0STkMo-00215-00060374-00060544 cable convex before we move forward you
9tAzR0STkMo-00216-00060545-00060751 do that by right-clicking pressing
9tAzR0STkMo-00217-00060752-00060925 remove so we just want four corners and
9tAzR0STkMo-00218-00060926-00061312 google image
9tAzR0STkMo-00219-00061313-00061510 now you'll see here four corners
9tAzR0STkMo-00220-00061511-00061810 shapefiles here google image actually
9tAzR0STkMo-00221-00061811-00061945 this is when our shapefile this is our
9tAzR0STkMo-00222-00061946-00062125 future class which is fine it will work
9tAzR0STkMo-00223-00062126-00062374 for this right click google image go to
9tAzR0STkMo-00224-00062375-00062616 zoom to layer you'll notice that it's
9tAzR0STkMo-00225-00062617-00062770 all the way over here you can see one
9tAzR0STkMo-00226-00062771-00063070 two three four or four quarters points
9tAzR0STkMo-00227-00063071-00063345 and even though we've made the
9tAzR0STkMo-00228-00063346-00063685 projection the same as four corners they
9tAzR0STkMo-00229-00063686-00063952 show up in different parts of the map so
9tAzR0STkMo-00230-00063953-00064123 we have fixed that using the geo
9tAzR0STkMo-00231-00064124-00064416 referencing tour
9w96v0K2duI-00000-00000003-00000514 um hello welcome to my answer more video
9w96v0K2duI-00001-00000515-00000969 I'm going to be eating Sabra snackers
9w96v0K2duI-00002-00000971-00001448 and red pepper roast head to hummus so
9w96v0K2duI-00003-00001449-00001664 let's go ahead and oh it's my thing
9w96v0K2duI-00004-00001664-00002017 that's what you call this right let's go
9w96v0K2duI-00005-00002018-00004451 ahead and pull up the wrapper and now we
9w96v0K2duI-00006-00004452-00005540 try to pull this is what it sounds like
9w96v0K2duI-00007-00005541-00005863 you can hear the air bubbles it's pretty
9w96v0K2duI-00008-00005864-00006626 nice umm so now I'll start to pull out
9w96v0K2duI-00009-00006627-00006950 the lid okay
9w96v0K2duI-00010-00006951-00007420 actually we're gonna I'm sure
9w96v0K2duI-00011-00007420-00010344 chips oh my god
9w96v0K2duI-00012-00010345-00010803 so uh now I'm gonna open doc Pomus it's
9w96v0K2duI-00013-00010804-00011469 very nice and cold okay I'm opening it
9w96v0K2duI-00014-00011470-00012632 now I rip the lid but she's gonna
9w96v0K2duI-00015-00012633-00014219 [__] tell I can't pull it off now
9w96v0K2duI-00016-00014220-00015463 we're going to
9w96v0K2duI-00017-00015465-00016419 [Music]
9w96v0K2duI-00018-00016420-00017019 I prepared a sample of a handsome R in
9w96v0K2duI-00019-00017020-00017615 case you wanted to hear me do it again
9w96v0K2duI-00020-00017616-00017955 but let me finish my hummus first cuz I
9w96v0K2duI-00021-00017956-00019857 like it and I'm very hungry
9w96v0K2duI-00022-00019858-00020739 um I don't know how you people eat
9w96v0K2duI-00023-00020740-00021005 really fast on these videos because I I
9w96v0K2duI-00024-00021006-00022297 like to enjoy my food I'm not trying to
9w96v0K2duI-00025-00022298-00022480 be an anime girl but I thought all
9w96v0K2duI-00026-00022481-00022821 people who do is more talk like this so
9w96v0K2duI-00027-00022822-00022986 that's okay
9w96v0K2duI-00028-00022987-00024491 [Music]
9w96v0K2duI-00029-00024492-00025432 I love hummus
9w96v0K2duI-00030-00025433-00026727 I have cut my finger on the lid so I'm
9w96v0K2duI-00031-00026729-00027250 just gonna maybe I should pull off the
9w96v0K2duI-00032-00027251-00027436 rest of the lid that would make sense
9w96v0K2duI-00033-00027437-00027547 right
9w96v0K2duI-00034-00027548-00029018 [Music]
9w96v0K2duI-00035-00029019-00030032 [Music]
9w96v0K2duI-00036-00030033-00030302 I enjoy hummus because it's like paste
9w96v0K2duI-00037-00030302-00030565 that you put on your mouth in it tastes
9w96v0K2duI-00038-00030566-00030773 really nice and it's not like yogurt
9w96v0K2duI-00039-00030774-00031073 where it's really sweet
9w96v0K2duI-00040-00031074-00031658 [Music]
9w96v0K2duI-00041-00031659-00032308 the Fitnessgram Pacer test is haha
9w96v0K2duI-00042-00032309-00032588 the Fitnessgram Pacer test is a
9w96v0K2duI-00043-00032589-00033287 multi-stage aerobic capacity test that
9w96v0K2duI-00044-00033288-00033629 progressively gets more difficult as it
9w96v0K2duI-00045-00033630-00034070 continues
9w96v0K2duI-00046-00034071-00034412 the 20 meter Pacer test will begin in 30
9w96v0K2duI-00047-00034413-00035508 seconds
9w96v0K2duI-00048-00035509-00035961 line up as a start the running the
9w96v0K2duI-00049-00035962-00036168 reming's beautiful starts slowly but
9w96v0K2duI-00050-00036169-00036453 gets faster each minute you hear after
9w96v0K2duI-00051-00036454-00037095 the signal a single lap should be
9w96v0K2duI-00052-00037096-00038057 completed each time you hear the sound
9w96v0K2duI-00053-00038058-00038468 remember to run in a straight line and
9w96v0K2duI-00054-00038469-00039342 run a lot [__] I love her for my god
9w96v0K2duI-00055-00039343-00039573 save my soul from me sins I will never
9w96v0K2duI-00056-00039574-00039885 do it yes mr again unless I can hit 10
9w96v0K2duI-00057-00039886-00040791 million from this
9w96v0K2duI-00058-00040792-00041137 you feel like it's easy at first but you
9w96v0K2duI-00059-00041138-00041418 are so wrong
9w96v0K2duI-00060-00041419-00041640 you run until you feel like you're going
9w96v0K2duI-00061-00041641-00041826 to die right there in the middle of the
9w96v0K2duI-00062-00041827-00042044 track
9w96v0K2duI-00063-00042045-00042350 the same gym teacher yelling at you to
9w96v0K2duI-00064-00042351-00042700 keep going but you just can't do it you
9w96v0K2duI-00065-00042701-00042965 can't make it back to your partner and
9w96v0K2duI-00066-00042966-00043331 collapse breathing heavily dude you only
9w96v0K2duI-00067-00043332-00043712 did like 20 laps with the little
9w96v0K2duI-00068-00043713-00043919 strength you have left you clear about
9w96v0K2duI-00069-00043920-00044306 your partner telling them
9w96v0K2duI-00070-00044307-00044589 [Music]
9wUj5ldWHby-00000-00001199-00001374 [Music]
9wUj5ldWHby-00001-00001375-00001702 all alone without his lady
9wUj5ldWHby-00002-00001703-00001991 hey bugaboo so what was that sudden call
9wUj5ldWHby-00003-00001992-00002063 for
9wUj5ldWHby-00004-00002064-00002526 i did it i have no idea what you're
9wUj5ldWHby-00005-00002527-00002631 talking about but
9wUj5ldWHby-00006-00002632-00003105 i'm perfectly fine with it
9wUj5ldWHby-00007-00003106-00003546 [Music]
9xzEs2_k_xY-00000-00027585-00028083 [Music]
9xzEs2_k_xY-00001-00028083-00030883 foreign
9xzEs2_k_xY-00002-00030883-00032283 foreign
9xzEs2_k_xY-00003-00032283-00033131 foreign
9xzEs2_k_xY-00005-00040684-00042083 foreign
9xzEs2_k_xY-00006-00042084-00042990 foreign
9xzEs2_k_xY-00007-00042991-00043319 till then take care
9xHFHpe06rM-00000-00002632-00002775 welcome back
9xHFHpe06rM-00001-00002776-00002942 to this course on
9xHFHpe06rM-00002-00002943-00003158 nanostructured materials
9xHFHpe06rM-00003-00003159-00003375 synthesis properties
9xHFHpe06rM-00004-00003376-00003638 self assembly and applications
9xHFHpe06rM-00005-00003639-00003903 ah this is the fifth lecture of module
9xHFHpe06rM-00006-00003904-00004015 two
9xHFHpe06rM-00007-00004015-00004286 we have earlier done four lectures
9xHFHpe06rM-00008-00004287-00004495 of module 2 in which
9xHFHpe06rM-00009-00004496-00004638 we have looked at
9xHFHpe06rM-00010-00004639-00004863 two synthetic methodologies
9xHFHpe06rM-00011-00004864-00005111 using the sol gel method
9xHFHpe06rM-00012-00005112-00005454 and using the micro emulsion method
9xHFHpe06rM-00013-00005455-00005647 this lecture
9xHFHpe06rM-00014-00005648-00005863 we will be starting with
9xHFHpe06rM-00015-00005864-00006127 cvd technique which is chemical vapour
9xHFHpe06rM-00016-00006128-00006454 deposition where we will be using this
9xHFHpe06rM-00017-00006455-00006846 method to make nanostructured films
9xHFHpe06rM-00018-00006847-00007087 so chemical vapor deposition
9xHFHpe06rM-00019-00007088-00007478 is a process whereby a thin solid film
9xHFHpe06rM-00020-00007479-00007783 is deposited onto a substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-00021-00007784-00007998 through chemical reactions of the
9xHFHpe06rM-00022-00008000-00008167 gaseous species
9xHFHpe06rM-00023-00008168-00008246 so
9xHFHpe06rM-00024-00008247-00008614 you have a substrate which is a solid
9xHFHpe06rM-00025-00008615-00008855 and you will have you want to
9xHFHpe06rM-00026-00008856-00009159 deposit a thin solid film
9xHFHpe06rM-00027-00009160-00009374 ah starting from
9xHFHpe06rM-00028-00009375-00009631 a chemical precursor
9xHFHpe06rM-00029-00009632-00009951 from which you generate gaseous species
9xHFHpe06rM-00030-00009952-00010271 and they will condense onto a substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-00031-00010272-00010606 and give you a thin solid film which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00032-00010607-00010831 nano structured
9xHFHpe06rM-00033-00010832-00010919 so
9xHFHpe06rM-00034-00010920-00011183 why do we want to study
9xHFHpe06rM-00035-00011184-00011559 thin films or deposition processes
9xHFHpe06rM-00036-00011560-00011751 for thin films
9xHFHpe06rM-00037-00011752-00011863 because
9xHFHpe06rM-00038-00011864-00011959 these
9xHFHpe06rM-00039-00011960-00012238 single and multi layer films
9xHFHpe06rM-00040-00012239-00012542 and coatings have lot of applications
9xHFHpe06rM-00041-00012543-00012727 we want to synthesize
9xHFHpe06rM-00042-00012728-00012958 nano layered materials
9xHFHpe06rM-00043-00012959-00013238 we want to synthesize optical films for
9xHFHpe06rM-00044-00013240-00013551 transmission and reflection studies
9xHFHpe06rM-00045-00013552-00013838 you can make decorative films for
9xHFHpe06rM-00046-00013840-00014015 various purposes
9xHFHpe06rM-00047-00014016-00014183 you can also make
9xHFHpe06rM-00048-00014184-00014422 functional coatings which are
9xHFHpe06rM-00049-00014423-00014727 having severe resistance or some other
9xHFHpe06rM-00050-00014728-00014830 function
9xHFHpe06rM-00051-00014831-00014966 for all these
9xHFHpe06rM-00052-00014968-00015230 type of films we can use
9xHFHpe06rM-00053-00015231-00015511 such deposition techniques like the cvd
9xHFHpe06rM-00054-00015512-00015638 method
9xHFHpe06rM-00055-00015640-00015799 you can also make
9xHFHpe06rM-00056-00015800-00016022 permeation barriers
9xHFHpe06rM-00057-00016023-00016335 for moisture and gases so that they do
9xHFHpe06rM-00058-00016336-00016430 not
9xHFHpe06rM-00059-00016431-00016655 enter once you have this coating
9xHFHpe06rM-00060-00016656-00016911 moisture and gases cannot enter you can
9xHFHpe06rM-00061-00016912-00017150 have corrosion resistant films for
9xHFHpe06rM-00062-00017151-00017391 example you can have some metals
9xHFHpe06rM-00063-00017392-00017663 which normally get corroded in
9xHFHpe06rM-00064-00017664-00017999 oxygen or in the presence of water vapor
9xHFHpe06rM-00065-00018000-00018158 and if you
9xHFHpe06rM-00066-00018159-00018471 make a film which is resistant
9xHFHpe06rM-00067-00018472-00018783 to corrosion then you can protect those
9xHFHpe06rM-00068-00018784-00019022 metals you can make electrically
9xHFHpe06rM-00069-00019023-00019343 insulating layers for micro electronics
9xHFHpe06rM-00070-00019344-00019622 ah so if you have electrical wires which
9xHFHpe06rM-00071-00019623-00019983 you want to insulate from adjoining
9xHFHpe06rM-00072-00019984-00020375 wires you can make insulating layers
9xHFHpe06rM-00073-00020376-00020614 you can make coatings of engine turbine
9xHFHpe06rM-00074-00020615-00020735 blades
9xHFHpe06rM-00075-00020736-00021022 to enhance their longevity
9xHFHpe06rM-00076-00021023-00021391 and life you can coat high strength
9xHFHpe06rM-00077-00021392-00021519 steels
9xHFHpe06rM-00078-00021520-00021655 to avoid
9xHFHpe06rM-00079-00021656-00021927 ah them becoming brittle
9xHFHpe06rM-00080-00021928-00022094 ah using
9xHFHpe06rM-00081-00022095-00022358 hydrogen normally hydrogen leads to
9xHFHpe06rM-00082-00022359-00022639 brittleness in the steels so you can
9xHFHpe06rM-00083-00022640-00022943 avoid that by coating some material
9xHFHpe06rM-00084-00022944-00023158 using the cvd technique
9xHFHpe06rM-00085-00023159-00023486 you can make diffusion barrier layers
9xHFHpe06rM-00086-00023487-00023886 for semiconductor metallization
9xHFHpe06rM-00087-00023887-00024142 you can make magnetic films for various
9xHFHpe06rM-00088-00024143-00024383 kinds of recording media
9xHFHpe06rM-00089-00024384-00024614 like dvds or
9xHFHpe06rM-00090-00024615-00024863 many other kinds of recording media you
9xHFHpe06rM-00091-00024864-00025055 need magnetic films and these can be
9xHFHpe06rM-00092-00025056-00025327 processed using cvd technique
9xHFHpe06rM-00093-00025328-00025687 ah transparent electrical conductors
9xHFHpe06rM-00094-00025688-00026006 are required in several places
9xHFHpe06rM-00095-00026007-00026318 and antistatic coatings are required
9xHFHpe06rM-00096-00026319-00026590 you can make as we discussed wear and or
9xHFHpe06rM-00097-00026591-00026855 erosion resistant hard coatings
9xHFHpe06rM-00098-00026856-00027023 on tools
9xHFHpe06rM-00099-00027024-00027327 so the tools which are used for heavy
9xHFHpe06rM-00100-00027327-00027751 duty work they do not ah get worn off
9xHFHpe06rM-00101-00027752-00027927 you can make coatings of certain
9xHFHpe06rM-00102-00027927-00028270 materials on top of those tools then you
9xHFHpe06rM-00103-00028272-00028502 can make films which can act as
9xHFHpe06rM-00104-00028504-00028774 lubricants so these are called dry film
9xHFHpe06rM-00105-00028775-00028911 lubricants
9xHFHpe06rM-00106-00028912-00029167 then many other composite films
9xHFHpe06rM-00107-00029168-00029407 nano composite films
9xHFHpe06rM-00108-00029408-00029558 can be made
9xHFHpe06rM-00109-00029560-00029846 and thin walled free standing structures
9xHFHpe06rM-00110-00029847-00029983 and foils
9xHFHpe06rM-00111-00029983-00030239 which are to be used elsewhere which are
9xHFHpe06rM-00112-00030239-00030518 very thin can be made by the cvd
9xHFHpe06rM-00113-00030519-00030735 technique
9xHFHpe06rM-00114-00030736-00030814 so
9xHFHpe06rM-00115-00030816-00031055 what is this cvd
9xHFHpe06rM-00116-00031056-00031327 ah technique that is the chemical vapor
9xHFHpe06rM-00117-00031327-00031487 deposition technique what is the
9xHFHpe06rM-00118-00031488-00031614 principle
9xHFHpe06rM-00119-00031616-00031718 so
9xHFHpe06rM-00120-00031719-00031911 typically a cvd
9xHFHpe06rM-00121-00031912-00032095 ah technique depends
9xHFHpe06rM-00122-00032095-00032302 on the availability of a volatile
9xHFHpe06rM-00123-00032303-00032518 chemical which normally we call the
9xHFHpe06rM-00124-00032519-00032767 precursor the chemical precursor
9xHFHpe06rM-00125-00032768-00033062 is ah normally a liquid solution which
9xHFHpe06rM-00126-00033063-00033374 can be converted by some reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-00127-00033375-00033695 into the desired solid film
9xHFHpe06rM-00128-00033696-00034159 so ideally you have a source gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00129-00034160-00034246 and
9xHFHpe06rM-00130-00034247-00034471 the source gas undergoes a chemical
9xHFHpe06rM-00131-00034472-00034615 reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-00132-00034616-00034871 and forms some monomers
9xHFHpe06rM-00133-00034872-00035190 these monomers nucleate to form some
9xHFHpe06rM-00134-00035191-00035399 oligomers here
9xHFHpe06rM-00135-00035400-00035711 and this this is one process where the
9xHFHpe06rM-00136-00035712-00035983 oligomers can coagulate and condense
9xHFHpe06rM-00137-00035984-00036143 become large
9xHFHpe06rM-00138-00036144-00036302 particles
9xHFHpe06rM-00139-00036303-00036567 and they undergo brownian diffusion
9xHFHpe06rM-00140-00036568-00036839 etcetera and thermophoresis
9xHFHpe06rM-00141-00036840-00037143 and then fall on the substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-00142-00037144-00037246 or
9xHFHpe06rM-00143-00037247-00037423 they can
9xHFHpe06rM-00144-00037424-00037495 be
9xHFHpe06rM-00145-00037496-00037718 these monomers which form from the
9xHFHpe06rM-00146-00037719-00038190 chemical reaction of the gaseous phase
9xHFHpe06rM-00147-00038191-00038367 this can be
9xHFHpe06rM-00148-00038368-00038590 targeted using ions
9xHFHpe06rM-00149-00038591-00038767 and that is called iron induced
9xHFHpe06rM-00150-00038768-00038902 nucleation
9xHFHpe06rM-00151-00038903-00039215 so you target these monomers which are
9xHFHpe06rM-00152-00039216-00039455 formed from the gas phase
9xHFHpe06rM-00153-00039456-00039767 ah of which has been generated from your
9xHFHpe06rM-00154-00039768-00040062 initial volatile chemical
9xHFHpe06rM-00155-00040063-00040287 that if you bombard with ions you get
9xHFHpe06rM-00156-00040288-00040527 iron induced nucleation
9xHFHpe06rM-00157-00040528-00040799 and this ion induced nuclear nuclei are
9xHFHpe06rM-00158-00040800-00041015 charged particles and then you can apply
9xHFHpe06rM-00159-00041016-00041215 an electrostatic force on the charged
9xHFHpe06rM-00160-00041216-00041495 particle and direct them onto this
9xHFHpe06rM-00161-00041496-00041630 substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-00162-00041631-00041935 so by that method also you can make a
9xHFHpe06rM-00163-00041936-00042151 coating so you have this substrate a
9xHFHpe06rM-00164-00042152-00042327 substrate can be
9xHFHpe06rM-00165-00042328-00042439 a
9xHFHpe06rM-00166-00042440-00042543 disc
9xHFHpe06rM-00167-00042544-00042758 which is poly crystalline or which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00168-00042759-00043023 single crystalline and on top of this
9xHFHpe06rM-00169-00043024-00043167 substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-00170-00043168-00043502 these molecules will start adhering
9xHFHpe06rM-00171-00043503-00043807 and condense and will result in a thin
9xHFHpe06rM-00172-00043808-00044111 film
9xHFHpe06rM-00173-00044112-00044502 now the various steps that occur
9xHFHpe06rM-00174-00044503-00044735 ah in a cvd process
9xHFHpe06rM-00175-00044736-00045046 both physical and chemical steps are as
9xHFHpe06rM-00176-00045047-00045158 follows
9xHFHpe06rM-00177-00045159-00045502 you have mass transport of the reactant
9xHFHpe06rM-00178-00045503-00045711 gaseous species so that volatile
9xHFHpe06rM-00179-00045712-00045839 precursor
9xHFHpe06rM-00180-00045840-00046207 ah gives out gaseous species and these
9xHFHpe06rM-00181-00046208-00046502 gaseous species are transported so there
9xHFHpe06rM-00182-00046503-00046679 is mass transport
9xHFHpe06rM-00183-00046680-00046758 near
9xHFHpe06rM-00184-00046759-00046958 close to the vicinity of the substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-00185-00046959-00047230 so that mass transport is important
9xHFHpe06rM-00186-00047231-00047407 so you have to move these
9xHFHpe06rM-00187-00047408-00047743 ah gaseous molecules which are coming
9xHFHpe06rM-00188-00047744-00047951 from the precursor
9xHFHpe06rM-00189-00047952-00048174 ah which may be a liquid which is a
9xHFHpe06rM-00190-00048175-00048423 normally liquid or solution and then
9xHFHpe06rM-00191-00048424-00048662 those gaseous molecules are transported
9xHFHpe06rM-00192-00048663-00048846 close to the substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-00193-00048847-00049151 ah the next thing is diffusion of these
9xHFHpe06rM-00194-00049152-00049335 reactant species
9xHFHpe06rM-00195-00049336-00049543 through the boundary layer to the
9xHFHpe06rM-00196-00049544-00049743 substrate surface
9xHFHpe06rM-00197-00049744-00049839 or
9xHFHpe06rM-00198-00049840-00050095 homogeneous chemical reactions to form
9xHFHpe06rM-00199-00050096-00050399 intermediates thats another part of the
9xHFHpe06rM-00200-00050400-00050743 cvd process and then adsorption of the
9xHFHpe06rM-00201-00050744-00051055 reactant species or intermediates on the
9xHFHpe06rM-00202-00051056-00051270 substrate surface
9xHFHpe06rM-00203-00051271-00051430 so these
9xHFHpe06rM-00204-00051432-00051702 mainly are some of the key steps which
9xHFHpe06rM-00205-00051703-00052126 occur during the cvd process
9xHFHpe06rM-00206-00052127-00052319 after that you may have surface
9xHFHpe06rM-00207-00052320-00052494 migration that means
9xHFHpe06rM-00208-00052495-00052623 the
9xHFHpe06rM-00209-00052624-00052959 clusters or monomers or oligomers which
9xHFHpe06rM-00210-00052960-00053247 are coming on to the substrate migrate
9xHFHpe06rM-00211-00053248-00053503 on the surface of the substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-00212-00053504-00053854 they may undergo heterogeneous reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-00213-00053855-00054103 they may have inclusion of coating atoms
9xHFHpe06rM-00214-00054104-00054342 into the growing surface
9xHFHpe06rM-00215-00054344-00054807 and it may also form by product species
9xHFHpe06rM-00216-00054808-00055047 these by-product species are
9xHFHpe06rM-00217-00055048-00055342 then dissolved from the surface
9xHFHpe06rM-00218-00055344-00055615 and then diffusion of the by-product
9xHFHpe06rM-00219-00055616-00055935 species to the bulk gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00220-00055936-00056223 and transport of the byproduct gaseous
9xHFHpe06rM-00221-00056224-00056494 species away from the substrate through
9xHFHpe06rM-00222-00056495-00056647 an exhaust
9xHFHpe06rM-00223-00056648-00056726 so
9xHFHpe06rM-00224-00056727-00057199 these are subsequent steps after the
9xHFHpe06rM-00225-00057200-00057559 charged nuclei or neutral monomers or
9xHFHpe06rM-00226-00057560-00057687 oligomers
9xHFHpe06rM-00227-00057688-00057966 come on to the substrate surface then
9xHFHpe06rM-00228-00057967-00058223 this surface migration and subsequent
9xHFHpe06rM-00229-00058224-00058342 reactions
9xHFHpe06rM-00230-00058344-00058615 ah and the desorption of the by-product
9xHFHpe06rM-00231-00058616-00058903 ah take place the byproduct has to be
9xHFHpe06rM-00232-00058904-00059207 eliminated or transported away away
9xHFHpe06rM-00233-00059208-00059326 from the
9xHFHpe06rM-00234-00059327-00059591 substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-00235-00059591-00059854 now if you look at the
9xHFHpe06rM-00236-00059855-00060126 instrumentation required for
9xHFHpe06rM-00237-00060127-00060535 chemical vapor deposition you have your
9xHFHpe06rM-00238-00060536-00060663 gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00239-00060664-00060942 or the source for the vapor
9xHFHpe06rM-00240-00060944-00061230 so it may be a liquid or
9xHFHpe06rM-00241-00061232-00061359 some source
9xHFHpe06rM-00242-00061360-00061526 and there is
9xHFHpe06rM-00243-00061527-00061630 a
9xHFHpe06rM-00244-00061632-00061942 panel where you use for purging
9xHFHpe06rM-00245-00061944-00062023 and
9xHFHpe06rM-00246-00062024-00062159 then you come
9xHFHpe06rM-00247-00062160-00062319 it goes through some meters where you
9xHFHpe06rM-00248-00062320-00062566 can control the flow of the gas in or
9xHFHpe06rM-00249-00062567-00062638 out
9xHFHpe06rM-00250-00062639-00062926 so there is this in and then its out and
9xHFHpe06rM-00251-00062927-00063159 then again the gas is
9xHFHpe06rM-00252-00063160-00063454 sent to the final deposition chamber
9xHFHpe06rM-00253-00063455-00063638 where the substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-00254-00063639-00063838 or the wafer
9xHFHpe06rM-00255-00063839-00064142 ah if it is a silicon substrate or
9xHFHpe06rM-00256-00064144-00064342 silicon wafer we call
9xHFHpe06rM-00257-00064344-00064542 or it can be a quartz substrate there
9xHFHpe06rM-00258-00064544-00064726 can be many substrates
9xHFHpe06rM-00259-00064727-00064966 they are in this deposition chamber
9xHFHpe06rM-00260-00064967-00065191 so the molecules have to come from this
9xHFHpe06rM-00261-00065191-00065430 pressurized gas liquid
9xHFHpe06rM-00262-00065432-00065703 ah which for if there is a liquid then
9xHFHpe06rM-00263-00065704-00065894 you have to the gaseous molecules have
9xHFHpe06rM-00264-00065895-00066182 to be generated and then go through this
9xHFHpe06rM-00265-00066183-00066423 ah various walls
9xHFHpe06rM-00266-00066424-00066671 where you can control the flow of the
9xHFHpe06rM-00267-00066672-00066767 gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00268-00066768-00067038 inside the deposition chamber
9xHFHpe06rM-00269-00067039-00067335 and typically there are two types of
9xHFHpe06rM-00270-00067336-00067526 transport analysis
9xHFHpe06rM-00271-00067527-00067823 one is when the reactant ah which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00272-00067824-00068119 coming out ah and the reactant which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00273-00068120-00068247 going in
9xHFHpe06rM-00274-00068248-00068415 the ratio is nearly
9xHFHpe06rM-00275-00068416-00068567 one is to one
9xHFHpe06rM-00276-00068568-00068759 so that that is called a differential
9xHFHpe06rM-00277-00068760-00068911 reactor
9xHFHpe06rM-00278-00068912-00069303 however if the reactant coming out is
9xHFHpe06rM-00279-00069304-00069543 much less than what is going in
9xHFHpe06rM-00280-00069544-00069847 then it is called a starved reactor
9xHFHpe06rM-00281-00069848-00070071 ok so this gas in
9xHFHpe06rM-00282-00070072-00070375 and gas out the ratio of this
9xHFHpe06rM-00283-00070376-00070455 ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00284-00070456-00070599 leads to these two terms the
9xHFHpe06rM-00285-00070600-00070799 differential reactor and the starved
9xHFHpe06rM-00286-00070800-00070919 reactor
9xHFHpe06rM-00287-00070920-00071143 and the ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00288-00071144-00071215 the
9xHFHpe06rM-00289-00071216-00071462 exhaust gases are taken out
9xHFHpe06rM-00290-00071463-00071735 from the exhaust pump and if they are
9xHFHpe06rM-00291-00071736-00071982 toxic they have to be treated in the
9xHFHpe06rM-00292-00071983-00072262 waste treatment before releasing
9xHFHpe06rM-00293-00072263-00072543 ah less toxic gases
9xHFHpe06rM-00294-00072544-00072679 outside
9xHFHpe06rM-00295-00072680-00073038 so this is a schematic
9xHFHpe06rM-00296-00073039-00073319 diagram of a typical chemical vapour
9xHFHpe06rM-00297-00073320-00073438 deposition
9xHFHpe06rM-00298-00073439-00073550 process
9xHFHpe06rM-00299-00073551-00073887 where you have the gaseous source the
9xHFHpe06rM-00300-00073888-00074094 walls and the deposition chamber the
9xHFHpe06rM-00301-00074095-00074406 exhaust and the release of the waste
9xHFHpe06rM-00302-00074407-00074559 gases
9xHFHpe06rM-00303-00074560-00074655 now
9xHFHpe06rM-00304-00074656-00074975 ah to understand the ah physics and
9xHFHpe06rM-00305-00074976-00075159 chemistry of the chemical vapor
9xHFHpe06rM-00306-00075160-00075503 deposition we have to undergo or
9xHFHpe06rM-00307-00075504-00075806 understand some of the basic principles
9xHFHpe06rM-00308-00075807-00076087 of physical chemistry or gas laws which
9xHFHpe06rM-00309-00076088-00076455 are involved during this ah process of
9xHFHpe06rM-00310-00076456-00076831 the gas molecules ah going on top of the
9xHFHpe06rM-00311-00076832-00077294 substrate and what kind of nucleation or
9xHFHpe06rM-00312-00077295-00077415 whether it is homogeneous or
9xHFHpe06rM-00313-00077416-00077726 heterogeneous ah nucleation and how the
9xHFHpe06rM-00314-00077727-00077982 growth of the film takes place etcetera
9xHFHpe06rM-00315-00077983-00078191 so the basic concepts
9xHFHpe06rM-00316-00078192-00078367 in ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00317-00078368-00078743 in cvd start from ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00318-00078744-00079006 approximating the gases and the vapors
9xHFHpe06rM-00319-00079007-00079150 that you use
9xHFHpe06rM-00320-00079151-00079471 to be ideal and so they obey the ideal
9xHFHpe06rM-00321-00079472-00079599 gas law
9xHFHpe06rM-00322-00079600-00079847 so this is an approximation ah and the
9xHFHpe06rM-00323-00079848-00080087 ideal gas law as all of you know is p v
9xHFHpe06rM-00324-00080088-00080271 is equal to n r t
9xHFHpe06rM-00325-00080272-00080415 where p
9xHFHpe06rM-00326-00080416-00080703 is pressure v is volume
9xHFHpe06rM-00327-00080704-00081047 n is the number of moles of the gas r is
9xHFHpe06rM-00328-00081048-00081319 the universal gas constant
9xHFHpe06rM-00329-00081320-00081543 and t is the absolute temperature in
9xHFHpe06rM-00330-00081544-00081911 kelvin so the units are important
9xHFHpe06rM-00331-00081912-00082071 so when you are taking
9xHFHpe06rM-00332-00082072-00082343 volume in meters so the volume unit is
9xHFHpe06rM-00333-00082344-00082487 meter cube
9xHFHpe06rM-00334-00082488-00082615 and then
9xHFHpe06rM-00335-00082616-00082943 you have to take the r the gas constant
9xHFHpe06rM-00336-00082944-00083015 in
9xHFHpe06rM-00337-00083016-00083191 s i units which is eight point three
9xHFHpe06rM-00338-00083192-00083399 joules per mole kelvin
9xHFHpe06rM-00339-00083400-00083718 so these are typical ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00340-00083719-00083871 i ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00341-00083872-00084199 typical quantities one needs to know to
9xHFHpe06rM-00342-00084200-00084382 apply the ideal gas law which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00343-00084383-00084662 important from ah under for
9xHFHpe06rM-00344-00084663-00084887 understanding cvd process
9xHFHpe06rM-00345-00084888-00085079 the gas flow
9xHFHpe06rM-00346-00085080-00085382 as you know you will have to flow gases
9xHFHpe06rM-00347-00085383-00085735 through these walls etcetera so that gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00348-00085736-00086006 flow is very important and
9xHFHpe06rM-00349-00086007-00086199 that gas flow
9xHFHpe06rM-00350-00086200-00086391 are usually measured
9xHFHpe06rM-00351-00086392-00086679 and reported as either
9xHFHpe06rM-00352-00086680-00087111 standard liters per minute which is slpm
9xHFHpe06rM-00353-00087112-00087423 or standard cubic centimeters per minute
9xHFHpe06rM-00354-00087424-00087623 which is sccm
9xHFHpe06rM-00355-00087624-00087759 so this
9xHFHpe06rM-00356-00087760-00088094 commonly you will find numbers so many s
9xHFHpe06rM-00357-00088095-00088471 l p m so many s s s c c m
9xHFHpe06rM-00358-00088472-00088623 so these are
9xHFHpe06rM-00359-00088624-00088926 units to tell you about the
9xHFHpe06rM-00360-00088927-00089182 rate of flow of the gas going through
9xHFHpe06rM-00361-00089183-00089694 the reactor so slpm and sccm both
9xHFHpe06rM-00362-00089695-00090006 are related to the gas flows and they
9xHFHpe06rM-00363-00090007-00090118 measure
9xHFHpe06rM-00364-00090119-00090343 gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00365-00090344-00090623 volume at zero degree celsius
9xHFHpe06rM-00366-00090624-00090871 and one atmospheric pressure so these
9xHFHpe06rM-00367-00090872-00091206 are measures of the molar flow of gases
9xHFHpe06rM-00368-00091207-00091382 through the reactor
9xHFHpe06rM-00369-00091383-00091615 an important consequence of the ideal
9xHFHpe06rM-00370-00091616-00091759 gas law
9xHFHpe06rM-00371-00091760-00092103 is for cvd reactors is that volume flow
9xHFHpe06rM-00372-00092104-00092223 increases
9xHFHpe06rM-00373-00092224-00092631 tremendously for the same molar flow
9xHFHpe06rM-00374-00092632-00092782 at low
9xHFHpe06rM-00375-00092783-00092943 pressures
9xHFHpe06rM-00376-00092944-00093062 so
9xHFHpe06rM-00377-00093063-00093318 volume flow will increase
9xHFHpe06rM-00378-00093319-00093494 significantly
9xHFHpe06rM-00379-00093495-00093615 ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00380-00093616-00093950 at low pressures at the same slpm so if
9xHFHpe06rM-00381-00093951-00094047 you have
9xHFHpe06rM-00382-00094048-00094382 the same s l p m there is the same flow
9xHFHpe06rM-00383-00094383-00094615 as standard liters per minute
9xHFHpe06rM-00384-00094616-00094959 same s l p m but you change the pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00385-00094960-00095206 from high pressure to low pressure the
9xHFHpe06rM-00386-00095207-00095543 amount of volume flow will increase
9xHFHpe06rM-00387-00095544-00095718 tremendously
9xHFHpe06rM-00388-00095719-00095982 there are some other useful conversions
9xHFHpe06rM-00389-00095983-00096071 one
9xHFHpe06rM-00390-00096072-00096326 ah needs to know which are normally
9xHFHpe06rM-00391-00096327-00096767 available in ah text books or in ah all
9xHFHpe06rM-00392-00096768-00096943 kinds of
9xHFHpe06rM-00393-00096944-00097118 manuals where
9xHFHpe06rM-00394-00097119-00097438 cvd is discussed and these are
9xHFHpe06rM-00395-00097439-00097623 present in many other text books of
9xHFHpe06rM-00396-00097624-00097879 physics and chemistry ah or material
9xHFHpe06rM-00397-00097880-00098118 science and one needs to know these
9xHFHpe06rM-00398-00098119-00098367 conversions because many times you have
9xHFHpe06rM-00399-00098368-00098550 to convert
9xHFHpe06rM-00400-00098551-00098799 pressure say from atmospheres to
9xHFHpe06rM-00401-00098800-00098887 tor
9xHFHpe06rM-00402-00098888-00099206 or to pascals and
9xHFHpe06rM-00403-00099207-00099406 you need to know this conversion factor
9xHFHpe06rM-00404-00099407-00099662 so this is for pressure volume
9xHFHpe06rM-00405-00099663-00099894 and ah then you have
9xHFHpe06rM-00406-00099895-00100126 ah one c c is equal to how many moles at
9xHFHpe06rM-00407-00100127-00100231 s t p
9xHFHpe06rM-00408-00100232-00100318 ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00409-00100319-00100655 similarly ah this rate of impinging
9xHFHpe06rM-00410-00100656-00100935 suppose you have how many moles
9xHFHpe06rM-00411-00100936-00101238 per centimeter square is falling in one
9xHFHpe06rM-00412-00101239-00101559 minute so that is this number one a per
9xHFHpe06rM-00413-00101560-00101918 minute how many molecules or moles
9xHFHpe06rM-00414-00101919-00102271 per unit area is falling per minute
9xHFHpe06rM-00415-00102272-00102599 on a particular substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-00416-00102600-00102678 that
9xHFHpe06rM-00417-00102679-00102942 is given by this quantity
9xHFHpe06rM-00418-00102943-00103039 and
9xHFHpe06rM-00419-00103040-00103318 what we just described the gas flow
9xHFHpe06rM-00420-00103319-00103894 ah as one slpm and one sccm ah they are
9xHFHpe06rM-00421-00103895-00104223 given here and you see one slpm and one
9xHFHpe06rM-00422-00104224-00104502 sccm are different and they are one
9xHFHpe06rM-00423-00104503-00104815 thousand times different this is one
9xHFHpe06rM-00424-00104816-00105127 slpm is one thousand times
9xHFHpe06rM-00425-00105128-00105351 1 s c c m
9xHFHpe06rM-00426-00105352-00105631 ok
9xHFHpe06rM-00427-00105632-00105710 now
9xHFHpe06rM-00428-00105711-00105966 some other useful conversions are
9xHFHpe06rM-00429-00105967-00106239 between the boltzmann constant k
9xHFHpe06rM-00430-00106240-00106390 and the
9xHFHpe06rM-00431-00106391-00106678 universal gas constant r which can be
9xHFHpe06rM-00432-00106679-00106999 written in several different
9xHFHpe06rM-00433-00107000-00107319 units and one has to be careful when you
9xHFHpe06rM-00434-00107320-00107519 are doing mathematical problems or
9xHFHpe06rM-00435-00107520-00107719 converting
9xHFHpe06rM-00436-00107720-00108078 numbers from one unit to another unit
9xHFHpe06rM-00437-00108079-00108278 you need to be careful what to take the
9xHFHpe06rM-00438-00108279-00108654 value of r the value of r can be ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00439-00108655-00108863 eight point three or
9xHFHpe06rM-00440-00108864-00109047 sixty two depending on what units you
9xHFHpe06rM-00441-00109048-00109302 are taking and so these conversions are
9xHFHpe06rM-00442-00109303-00109575 useful in doing some calculations with
9xHFHpe06rM-00443-00109576-00109863 respect to pressure volume and basically
9xHFHpe06rM-00444-00109864-00110071 using the ideal gas law
9xHFHpe06rM-00445-00110072-00110607 to understand the ah gas flows etcetera
9xHFHpe06rM-00446-00110608-00110790 now the next thing that we try to
9xHFHpe06rM-00447-00110791-00111031 understand because gas molecules will be
9xHFHpe06rM-00448-00111032-00111127 flowing
9xHFHpe06rM-00449-00111128-00111383 so we have to understand the
9xHFHpe06rM-00450-00111383-00111710 velocity of these molecules
9xHFHpe06rM-00451-00111711-00112054 assuming that this is an ideal gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00452-00112055-00112302 and hence it will have a maxwellian
9xHFHpe06rM-00453-00112303-00112502 velocity distribution
9xHFHpe06rM-00454-00112503-00112847 and so it that is given by the
9xHFHpe06rM-00455-00112848-00112966 rate of
9xHFHpe06rM-00456-00112967-00113199 change of the number of molecules where
9xHFHpe06rM-00457-00113200-00113439 n is the number of molecules
9xHFHpe06rM-00458-00113440-00113727 ah as with respect to velocity
9xHFHpe06rM-00459-00113728-00113999 that is given by this quantity and as
9xHFHpe06rM-00460-00114000-00114199 you see there is a term where
9xHFHpe06rM-00461-00114200-00114502 temperature to the power minus three by
9xHFHpe06rM-00462-00114503-00114734 two and also there is on the there is an
9xHFHpe06rM-00463-00114735-00115063 exponential with minus one by t
9xHFHpe06rM-00464-00115064-00115215 so if you
9xHFHpe06rM-00465-00115216-00115366 this is the maxwellian velocity
9xHFHpe06rM-00466-00115367-00115575 distribution and this will be the
9xHFHpe06rM-00467-00115576-00115702 distribution
9xHFHpe06rM-00468-00115703-00115951 of the gas molecules
9xHFHpe06rM-00469-00115952-00116247 ah assuming that it is an ideal gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00470-00116248-00116519 and from there we can calculate the mean
9xHFHpe06rM-00471-00116520-00116775 velocity of these molecules which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00472-00116776-00117078 given by c mean to be
9xHFHpe06rM-00473-00117079-00117423 the square root of eight r t by pi m
9xHFHpe06rM-00474-00117424-00117678 and for this r must be in joules per
9xHFHpe06rM-00475-00117679-00117878 kilogram per mole
9xHFHpe06rM-00476-00117879-00117990 now
9xHFHpe06rM-00477-00117991-00118271 from this then we can calculate
9xHFHpe06rM-00478-00118272-00118566 the number of molecules which are
9xHFHpe06rM-00479-00118567-00118758 falling on a plane
9xHFHpe06rM-00480-00118759-00118910 ah which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00481-00118911-00119327 ah say one square centimeter and in one
9xHFHpe06rM-00482-00119328-00119671 second so the that can be calculated as
9xHFHpe06rM-00483-00119672-00119758 j
9xHFHpe06rM-00484-00119759-00119975 which is the number of molecules
9xHFHpe06rM-00485-00119976-00120183 impinging on a plane
9xHFHpe06rM-00486-00120183-00120495 per square centimeter per second and
9xHFHpe06rM-00487-00120496-00120775 that is given by this number
9xHFHpe06rM-00488-00120776-00121054 ah n c mean by four
9xHFHpe06rM-00489-00121055-00121166 and
9xHFHpe06rM-00490-00121167-00121247 where
9xHFHpe06rM-00491-00121248-00121575 where this small n is the molar volume
9xHFHpe06rM-00492-00121576-00121883 and c mean is the velocity here the mean
9xHFHpe06rM-00493-00121883-00122158 velocity ah divide by four will give you
9xHFHpe06rM-00494-00122159-00122375 the number of molecules which are
9xHFHpe06rM-00495-00122376-00122590 falling on a plane
9xHFHpe06rM-00496-00122591-00122902 per square centimeter per second
9xHFHpe06rM-00497-00122903-00122999 now
9xHFHpe06rM-00498-00123000-00123190 from that
9xHFHpe06rM-00499-00123191-00123295 we can
9xHFHpe06rM-00500-00123296-00123486 calculate something which is very
9xHFHpe06rM-00501-00123488-00123823 important or which is the maximum
9xHFHpe06rM-00502-00123824-00124047 possible deposition flux for a given
9xHFHpe06rM-00503-00124048-00124271 partial pressure so given a partial
9xHFHpe06rM-00504-00124272-00124407 pressure p
9xHFHpe06rM-00505-00124408-00124719 what is the maximum deposition flux
9xHFHpe06rM-00506-00124720-00125023 that we can have and that is j is given
9xHFHpe06rM-00507-00125024-00125199 by this equation
9xHFHpe06rM-00508-00125200-00125495 and if you know at some pressure p and
9xHFHpe06rM-00509-00125496-00125647 temperature t
9xHFHpe06rM-00510-00125648-00125823 for a gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00511-00125824-00125943 ah where
9xHFHpe06rM-00512-00125944-00126158 with the molecular weight m which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00513-00126159-00126375 given in grams per mole
9xHFHpe06rM-00514-00126376-00126799 you will have the j which is the
9xHFHpe06rM-00515-00126800-00127086 maximum possible deposition flux by this
9xHFHpe06rM-00516-00127088-00127231 equation
9xHFHpe06rM-00517-00127232-00127439 now the another quantity which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00518-00127440-00127710 important is the mean free path of each
9xHFHpe06rM-00519-00127711-00127919 molecule that is the distance the
9xHFHpe06rM-00520-00127920-00128254 molecule travels before it is
9xHFHpe06rM-00521-00128255-00128334 ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00522-00128335-00128590 hit by another molecule the mean free
9xHFHpe06rM-00523-00128591-00128886 path given by lambda is given by this
9xHFHpe06rM-00524-00128888-00129047 equation
9xHFHpe06rM-00525-00129048-00129158 where
9xHFHpe06rM-00526-00129159-00129383 the mean free path is now
9xHFHpe06rM-00527-00129383-00129671 ah inversely proportional to the square
9xHFHpe06rM-00528-00129672-00130039 of the molecular diameter and also to
9xHFHpe06rM-00529-00130040-00130151 the
9xHFHpe06rM-00530-00130152-00130375 inversely proportional to the molar
9xHFHpe06rM-00531-00130376-00130654 volume so n is the molar volume and
9xHFHpe06rM-00532-00130655-00130927 alpha here is the molecular diameter and
9xHFHpe06rM-00533-00130928-00131247 the mean free path is related to it that
9xHFHpe06rM-00534-00131248-00131575 means the smaller the molecular diameter
9xHFHpe06rM-00535-00131576-00131935 so smaller the molecule the larger will
9xHFHpe06rM-00536-00131936-00132095 be the mean free path that means the
9xHFHpe06rM-00537-00132096-00132343 molecule will be moving without
9xHFHpe06rM-00538-00132344-00132671 collisions for much longer distances if
9xHFHpe06rM-00539-00132672-00132854 the molecule is smaller
9xHFHpe06rM-00540-00132855-00133078 right similarly the molecule will be
9xHFHpe06rM-00541-00133079-00133431 moving much longer distances
9xHFHpe06rM-00542-00133432-00133647 if the molar volume
9xHFHpe06rM-00543-00133648-00133959 of the molecules is smaller so lambda
9xHFHpe06rM-00544-00133960-00134063 the
9xHFHpe06rM-00545-00134064-00134302 mean free path is inversely proportional
9xHFHpe06rM-00546-00134303-00134527 to both the molecular diameter and the
9xHFHpe06rM-00547-00134528-00134847 molar volume
9xHFHpe06rM-00548-00134848-00135143 now from these we can now compare
9xHFHpe06rM-00549-00135144-00135566 ah some situations like if you compare
9xHFHpe06rM-00550-00135567-00135847 three different pressures for the same
9xHFHpe06rM-00551-00135848-00135951 gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00552-00135952-00136247 you have a pressure of 0.1 torr
9xHFHpe06rM-00553-00136248-00136407 10 torr
9xHFHpe06rM-00554-00136408-00136695 and 760 torr so if you assume
9xHFHpe06rM-00555-00136696-00136951 these three pressures we can calculate
9xHFHpe06rM-00556-00136952-00137183 what will be the density is of this
9xHFHpe06rM-00557-00137184-00137295 order
9xHFHpe06rM-00558-00137296-00137575 and the mean free path for at this
9xHFHpe06rM-00559-00137576-00137951 pressure is around 500 microns
9xHFHpe06rM-00560-00137952-00138247 whereas at a higher pressure of 760
9xHFHpe06rM-00561-00138248-00138343 which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00562-00138344-00138583 normal atmospheric pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00563-00138584-00138775 you will have a mean free path of around
9xHFHpe06rM-00564-00138776-00139039 point zero seven microns which is equal
9xHFHpe06rM-00565-00139040-00139343 to seventy nanometers so as the pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00566-00139344-00139599 is increasing the mean free path is
9xHFHpe06rM-00567-00139600-00139727 decreasing
9xHFHpe06rM-00568-00139728-00140007 similarly the mean velocity ah it is
9xHFHpe06rM-00569-00140008-00140302 kept constant at 47000
9xHFHpe06rM-00570-00140303-00140463 at these pressures
9xHFHpe06rM-00571-00140464-00140775 and you can calculate how many molecules
9xHFHpe06rM-00572-00140776-00141159 will be impinging on a surface
9xHFHpe06rM-00573-00141160-00141502 under these different pressures so at
9xHFHpe06rM-00574-00141503-00141735 low pressures you will have less number
9xHFHpe06rM-00575-00141736-00142095 of molecules impairing per second
9xHFHpe06rM-00576-00142096-00142295 which is say of the order of ten to the
9xHFHpe06rM-00577-00142296-00142423 one nineteen
9xHFHpe06rM-00578-00142424-00142687 whereas at atmospheric pressure at seven
9xHFHpe06rM-00579-00142688-00142895 sixty millimeter pressure of the same
9xHFHpe06rM-00580-00142896-00143247 gas keeping the mean velocity same
9xHFHpe06rM-00581-00143248-00143590 you will have ah ten thousand times more
9xHFHpe06rM-00582-00143591-00143711 molecules
9xHFHpe06rM-00583-00143712-00144014 ah impinging on the surface
9xHFHpe06rM-00584-00144015-00144166 so if we
9xHFHpe06rM-00585-00144167-00144375 depending on the number of molecules
9xHFHpe06rM-00586-00144376-00144599 which are falling on the surface per
9xHFHpe06rM-00587-00144600-00144743 unit time
9xHFHpe06rM-00588-00144744-00144951 if that is large then the growth rate
9xHFHpe06rM-00589-00144952-00145319 will be larger and that is seen here
9xHFHpe06rM-00590-00145320-00145502 the number of molecules falling on a
9xHFHpe06rM-00591-00145503-00145839 surface per unit time here is much less
9xHFHpe06rM-00592-00145840-00145951 than here
9xHFHpe06rM-00593-00145952-00146183 and you see the growth rate how much
9xHFHpe06rM-00594-00146184-00146478 thickness the film grows
9xHFHpe06rM-00595-00146479-00146766 per minute that is the thickness is in
9xHFHpe06rM-00596-00146767-00146902 microns so
9xHFHpe06rM-00597-00146903-00147199 how many microns per minute does the
9xHFHpe06rM-00598-00147200-00147375 film grow
9xHFHpe06rM-00599-00147376-00147695 can be compared under these
9xHFHpe06rM-00600-00147696-00148126 3 conditions of 0.1 torr of pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00601-00148127-00148471 you have 10 micron
9xHFHpe06rM-00602-00148472-00148671 thick film growing
9xHFHpe06rM-00603-00148672-00148807 per minute
9xHFHpe06rM-00604-00148808-00149166 if you increase the pressure to 10 torr
9xHFHpe06rM-00605-00149167-00149407 this thickness
9xHFHpe06rM-00606-00149408-00149839 goes up to 1000 micron per minute
9xHFHpe06rM-00607-00149840-00150126 and at atmospheric pressure it is an
9xHFHpe06rM-00608-00150127-00150319 enormous number of seventy seven
9xHFHpe06rM-00609-00150320-00150607 thousand microns per minute so you have
9xHFHpe06rM-00610-00150608-00150887 kept the same mean velocity but you have
9xHFHpe06rM-00611-00150888-00151190 changed that pressure of the gas and the
9xHFHpe06rM-00612-00151191-00151631 other parameters change and finally what
9xHFHpe06rM-00613-00151632-00151951 is in what you require is the film and
9xHFHpe06rM-00614-00151952-00152135 the thickness of the film
9xHFHpe06rM-00615-00152136-00152366 is you can control
9xHFHpe06rM-00616-00152367-00152575 by controlling the partial pressure of
9xHFHpe06rM-00617-00152576-00152935 the gas so this slide shows you how some
9xHFHpe06rM-00618-00152936-00153159 of these numbers change
9xHFHpe06rM-00619-00153160-00153343 by changing the
9xHFHpe06rM-00620-00153344-00153614 partial pressure of the gas so as you
9xHFHpe06rM-00621-00153615-00153831 are going from low pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00622-00153832-00154063 to high pressure you can change the
9xHFHpe06rM-00623-00154064-00154295 thickness of the films which is the
9xHFHpe06rM-00624-00154296-00154575 right control that you want on the
9xHFHpe06rM-00625-00154576-00154783 growth of the films using the cvd
9xHFHpe06rM-00626-00154784-00155063 technique
9xHFHpe06rM-00627-00155064-00155263 now the growth rate
9xHFHpe06rM-00628-00155264-00155543 ah that we just now discussed
9xHFHpe06rM-00629-00155544-00155895 ah shows this is the key point it shows
9xHFHpe06rM-00630-00155896-00156199 with those numbers is that high pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00631-00156200-00156399 leads to high growth rate
9xHFHpe06rM-00632-00156400-00156526 so at
9xHFHpe06rM-00633-00156527-00156631 one thing
9xHFHpe06rM-00634-00156632-00156883 what we have kept here is a mean
9xHFHpe06rM-00635-00156884-00157159 velocity of around forty seven thousand
9xHFHpe06rM-00636-00157160-00157399 centimeters per second now what it
9xHFHpe06rM-00637-00157400-00157535 really means
9xHFHpe06rM-00638-00157536-00157735 forty seven thousand centimeters per
9xHFHpe06rM-00639-00157736-00157839 second
9xHFHpe06rM-00640-00157840-00158095 means that a molecule will cross a one
9xHFHpe06rM-00641-00158096-00158414 meter chamber so if you have a one meter
9xHFHpe06rM-00642-00158415-00158583 ah chamber in which you are doing this
9xHFHpe06rM-00643-00158584-00158711 experiment
9xHFHpe06rM-00644-00158712-00158983 the molecule will be moving
9xHFHpe06rM-00645-00158984-00159326 ah if you say at two meters per second
9xHFHpe06rM-00646-00159327-00159631 so in two meters ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00647-00159632-00159839 two millisecond
9xHFHpe06rM-00648-00159840-00160183 a one meter long ah chamber a molecule
9xHFHpe06rM-00649-00160184-00160487 will be moving in two milliseconds
9xHFHpe06rM-00650-00160488-00160751 at one thousand miles per hour so that
9xHFHpe06rM-00651-00160752-00160983 would be the speed kind of speed if you
9xHFHpe06rM-00652-00160984-00161351 trans ah if you change the units here
9xHFHpe06rM-00653-00161352-00161575 of from forty seven thousand centimeter
9xHFHpe06rM-00654-00161576-00161695 per second
9xHFHpe06rM-00655-00161696-00162007 ah two miles per hour you will get
9xHFHpe06rM-00656-00162008-00162254 a speed of around one thousand miles per
9xHFHpe06rM-00657-00162255-00162454 hour so this
9xHFHpe06rM-00658-00162455-00162759 is the kind of ah speed of molecules
9xHFHpe06rM-00659-00162760-00162902 that you are talking
9xHFHpe06rM-00660-00162903-00163166 when you are studying the impingement of
9xHFHpe06rM-00661-00163167-00163447 gaseous molecules on the
9xHFHpe06rM-00662-00163448-00163702 substrate or on the target
9xHFHpe06rM-00663-00163703-00164007 now the impinge impingement limited
9xHFHpe06rM-00664-00164008-00164119 growth
9xHFHpe06rM-00665-00164120-00164390 ah greatly exceeds actual growth rates
9xHFHpe06rM-00666-00164391-00164623 that means whatever we are calculating
9xHFHpe06rM-00667-00164624-00164751 ah is
9xHFHpe06rM-00668-00164752-00165007 much larger so what we are showing here
9xHFHpe06rM-00669-00165008-00165295 is say 10 microns per minute this is the
9xHFHpe06rM-00670-00165296-00165671 calculated ah growth rate in reality
9xHFHpe06rM-00671-00165672-00165959 this will be lesser in actual
9xHFHpe06rM-00672-00165960-00166295 experiment and the reason is that the
9xHFHpe06rM-00673-00166296-00166623 actual deposition
9xHFHpe06rM-00674-00166624-00166838 will not be the same because the partial
9xHFHpe06rM-00675-00166839-00166951 pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00676-00166952-00167143 at the surface
9xHFHpe06rM-00677-00167144-00167399 ah will be less than the pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00678-00167400-00167647 inside total pressure inside the gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00679-00167648-00167911 the other probability is that there can
9xHFHpe06rM-00680-00167912-00167990 be
9xHFHpe06rM-00681-00167991-00168247 ah the incorporation of the gaseous
9xHFHpe06rM-00682-00168248-00168535 molecules onto the surface
9xHFHpe06rM-00683-00168536-00168799 is small so there are two things
9xHFHpe06rM-00684-00168800-00169071 ah one that the partial pressure what we
9xHFHpe06rM-00685-00169072-00169399 are assuming ah for the total gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00686-00169400-00169671 is not same and the actual partial
9xHFHpe06rM-00687-00169672-00169838 pressure at the surface
9xHFHpe06rM-00688-00169839-00170031 is much lower
9xHFHpe06rM-00689-00170032-00170335 or the probability of incorporation on
9xHFHpe06rM-00690-00170336-00170590 to the surface of these
9xHFHpe06rM-00691-00170591-00170671 ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00692-00170672-00170887 gaseous molecules
9xHFHpe06rM-00693-00170888-00171078 is small
9xHFHpe06rM-00694-00171079-00171278 the other thing that we have to discuss
9xHFHpe06rM-00695-00171279-00171478 so ah we discussed some fundamental
9xHFHpe06rM-00696-00171479-00171823 concepts using maxwellian distribution
9xHFHpe06rM-00697-00171824-00172007 of the velocities of these gaseous
9xHFHpe06rM-00698-00172008-00172351 molecules and assuming ah ideal gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00699-00172352-00172471 behavior
9xHFHpe06rM-00700-00172472-00172583 ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00701-00172584-00172751 then we also have to consider the
9xHFHpe06rM-00702-00172752-00172943 thermodynamic aspects
9xHFHpe06rM-00703-00172944-00173199 so if some chemical reactions are going
9xHFHpe06rM-00704-00173200-00173511 on ah we have to incorporate
9xHFHpe06rM-00705-00173512-00173847 the gibbs free energy function which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00706-00173848-00173926 g
9xHFHpe06rM-00707-00173927-00174166 and g is a function of enthalpy
9xHFHpe06rM-00708-00174167-00174463 and entropy which is s
9xHFHpe06rM-00709-00174464-00174799 and ah the relation between free energy
9xHFHpe06rM-00710-00174800-00175151 enthalpy and entropy is given here
9xHFHpe06rM-00711-00175152-00175335 where t is the temperature
9xHFHpe06rM-00712-00175336-00175590 and by the second law of thermodynamics
9xHFHpe06rM-00713-00175591-00175895 a spontaneous reaction will occur at a
9xHFHpe06rM-00714-00175896-00176190 pressure p and a temperature t
9xHFHpe06rM-00715-00176191-00176366 ah kept constant
9xHFHpe06rM-00716-00176367-00176463 if
9xHFHpe06rM-00717-00176464-00176759 the free energy is less than zero
9xHFHpe06rM-00718-00176760-00176966 so this is a standard second law of
9xHFHpe06rM-00719-00176967-00177199 thermodynamics so if you have any
9xHFHpe06rM-00720-00177200-00177366 chemical reaction which is going to
9xHFHpe06rM-00721-00177367-00177614 happen during the formation of the film
9xHFHpe06rM-00722-00177615-00177883 it has to obey this relation or the free
9xHFHpe06rM-00723-00177884-00178231 energy going to be less than zero and
9xHFHpe06rM-00724-00178232-00178487 the free energy calculation is done
9xHFHpe06rM-00725-00178488-00178783 typically like this for example
9xHFHpe06rM-00726-00178784-00179175 consider a reaction where a gaseous
9xHFHpe06rM-00727-00179176-00179302 ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00728-00179303-00179502 molecule of a
9xHFHpe06rM-00729-00179503-00179799 n moles of a react with m moles of
9xHFHpe06rM-00730-00179800-00180054 another gaseous system b
9xHFHpe06rM-00731-00180055-00180447 to give p moles of a solid say c which
9xHFHpe06rM-00732-00180448-00180766 is the thin film which will form and
9xHFHpe06rM-00733-00180767-00181054 r moles of another gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00734-00181055-00181207 say d
9xHFHpe06rM-00735-00181208-00181454 now the delta g or the change in the
9xHFHpe06rM-00736-00181455-00181678 free energy or the change of the free
9xHFHpe06rM-00737-00181679-00181935 energy of the reaction is the
9xHFHpe06rM-00738-00181936-00182071 free energy
9xHFHpe06rM-00739-00182072-00182263 of the product
9xHFHpe06rM-00740-00182264-00182463 minus the free energy
9xHFHpe06rM-00741-00182464-00182663 of the reactants these are standard free
9xHFHpe06rM-00742-00182664-00183054 energies delta g is not delta g naught
9xHFHpe06rM-00743-00183055-00183390 and that can be equated to
9xHFHpe06rM-00744-00183391-00183647 minus rt ln
9xHFHpe06rM-00745-00183648-00183871 ah the product of
9xHFHpe06rM-00746-00183872-00184183 the activities of all the products
9xHFHpe06rM-00747-00184184-00184487 divided by the product of activity of
9xHFHpe06rM-00748-00184488-00184638 all the reactants
9xHFHpe06rM-00749-00184639-00184726 so
9xHFHpe06rM-00750-00184727-00184887 if there are
9xHFHpe06rM-00751-00184888-00185159 two products so it will be a one and a
9xHFHpe06rM-00752-00185160-00185343 two multiplied
9xHFHpe06rM-00753-00185344-00185543 and if there are two reactants say a
9xHFHpe06rM-00754-00185544-00185790 three and a four so this is a three
9xHFHpe06rM-00755-00185791-00186047 multiplied by a four that means the
9xHFHpe06rM-00756-00186048-00186326 activity of three and activity of four
9xHFHpe06rM-00757-00186327-00186550 and that gives rise to an equation like
9xHFHpe06rM-00758-00186551-00186671 this
9xHFHpe06rM-00759-00186672-00186775 ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00760-00186776-00187111 this from here you come here because you
9xHFHpe06rM-00761-00187112-00187311 have been given this
9xHFHpe06rM-00762-00187312-00187423 reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-00763-00187424-00187814 so if a is say water and b is ammonia
9xHFHpe06rM-00764-00187815-00188119 then accordingly you have to choose ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00765-00188120-00188399 the concentration or activity of
9xHFHpe06rM-00766-00188400-00188599 water and ammonia
9xHFHpe06rM-00767-00188600-00188726 raised to the
9xHFHpe06rM-00768-00188727-00188895 stoichiometric
9xHFHpe06rM-00769-00188896-00189126 or the mole ratios
9xHFHpe06rM-00770-00189127-00189311 in which they are reacting so here n
9xHFHpe06rM-00771-00189312-00189759 moles are reacting so the activity of a
9xHFHpe06rM-00772-00189760-00189990 will be raised to the power n
9xHFHpe06rM-00773-00189991-00190263 where n is the number of moles of a
9xHFHpe06rM-00774-00190264-00190526 reacting with the number of m
9xHFHpe06rM-00775-00190527-00190654 moles of b
9xHFHpe06rM-00776-00190655-00190790 and so here
9xHFHpe06rM-00777-00190791-00191007 in the product of the activities you
9xHFHpe06rM-00778-00191008-00191111 will have
9xHFHpe06rM-00779-00191112-00191183 b
9xHFHpe06rM-00780-00191184-00191495 to the power m
9xHFHpe06rM-00781-00191496-00191775 the other important thermodynamic aspect
9xHFHpe06rM-00782-00191776-00192063 is well known ah chemical equilibrium
9xHFHpe06rM-00783-00192064-00192399 principle given by lee chatelier that
9xHFHpe06rM-00784-00192400-00192631 if the conditions of a system initially
9xHFHpe06rM-00785-00192632-00192799 at equilibrium
9xHFHpe06rM-00786-00192800-00192950 are changed
9xHFHpe06rM-00787-00192951-00193183 the equilibrium will shift in such a
9xHFHpe06rM-00788-00193184-00193519 direction as to restore the original
9xHFHpe06rM-00789-00193520-00193678 conditions
9xHFHpe06rM-00790-00193679-00193959 so what happens typically in reactions
9xHFHpe06rM-00791-00193960-00194247 where gaseous molecules are involved you
9xHFHpe06rM-00792-00194248-00194335 can
9xHFHpe06rM-00793-00194336-00194583 assume this reaction which is well known
9xHFHpe06rM-00794-00194584-00194695 reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-00795-00194696-00194950 for the ammonia formation where all the
9xHFHpe06rM-00796-00194951-00195047 three
9xHFHpe06rM-00797-00195048-00195159 ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00798-00195160-00195383 the reactants and products are gaseous
9xHFHpe06rM-00799-00195384-00195590 species so you have nitrogen gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00800-00195591-00195878 hydrogen gas and ammonia gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00801-00195879-00196102 this reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-00802-00196103-00196359 at under high pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00803-00196360-00196599 is moves the equilibrium towards the
9xHFHpe06rM-00804-00196600-00196814 right side and at high temperature it
9xHFHpe06rM-00805-00196815-00197047 moves the equilibrium towards this side
9xHFHpe06rM-00806-00197048-00197238 so that is basically leash atelier's
9xHFHpe06rM-00807-00197239-00197359 principle
9xHFHpe06rM-00808-00197360-00197583 because it says that the equilibrium
9xHFHpe06rM-00809-00197584-00197814 will shift in such a way
9xHFHpe06rM-00810-00197815-00197975 if you change something so you change
9xHFHpe06rM-00811-00197976-00198159 pressure you go from one pressure to
9xHFHpe06rM-00812-00198160-00198295 higher pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00813-00198296-00198511 the equilibrium will shift and more of
9xHFHpe06rM-00814-00198512-00198759 ammonia will be formed from nitrogen and
9xHFHpe06rM-00815-00198760-00198878 hydrogen
9xHFHpe06rM-00816-00198879-00199063 if you lower the pressure or you
9xHFHpe06rM-00817-00199064-00199278 increase the temperature then some of
9xHFHpe06rM-00818-00199279-00199511 the ammonia will dissociate to give
9xHFHpe06rM-00819-00199512-00199735 nitrogen and hydrogen that means the
9xHFHpe06rM-00820-00199736-00200047 equilibrium is shifting to the left side
9xHFHpe06rM-00821-00200048-00200126 so
9xHFHpe06rM-00822-00200127-00200326 this is a very important
9xHFHpe06rM-00823-00200327-00200614 principle given by leash at earlier and
9xHFHpe06rM-00824-00200615-00200814 is very important wherever gaseous
9xHFHpe06rM-00825-00200815-00201087 species are involved to understand
9xHFHpe06rM-00826-00201088-00201390 how the chemical equilibrium will shift
9xHFHpe06rM-00827-00201391-00201583 in the when you change
9xHFHpe06rM-00828-00201584-00201823 ah pressure or temperature in a
9xHFHpe06rM-00829-00201824-00202007 particular manner
9xHFHpe06rM-00830-00202008-00202295 now you can write down these reactions
9xHFHpe06rM-00831-00202296-00202495 which are the law of mass action for the
9xHFHpe06rM-00832-00202496-00202623 forward reaction and the reverse
9xHFHpe06rM-00833-00202624-00202919 reaction and you can write down the at
9xHFHpe06rM-00834-00202920-00203223 equilibrium the forward reaction will be
9xHFHpe06rM-00835-00203224-00203535 equal to the backward reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-00836-00203536-00203887 and ah this is an example of that ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00837-00203888-00204023 that was
9xHFHpe06rM-00838-00204024-00204247 one example we showed was nitrogen and
9xHFHpe06rM-00839-00204248-00204495 hydrogen reacting to give ammonia
9xHFHpe06rM-00840-00204496-00204638 and this is another reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-00841-00204639-00204871 where hydrogen and iodine are giving you
9xHFHpe06rM-00842-00204871-00205062 hydrogen iodide
9xHFHpe06rM-00843-00205063-00205279 and the reaction is basically due to the
9xHFHpe06rM-00844-00205280-00205590 collision of hydrogen iodine molecules
9xHFHpe06rM-00845-00205591-00205814 and the rate of reaction how fast the
9xHFHpe06rM-00846-00205815-00206079 reaction will happen is proportional to
9xHFHpe06rM-00847-00206080-00206294 the number of such collisions and the
9xHFHpe06rM-00848-00206296-00206519 number of pro collisions is proportional
9xHFHpe06rM-00849-00206519-00206671 to the density
9xHFHpe06rM-00850-00206671-00206998 of the hydrogen gas and the iodine gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00851-00207000-00207166 so the density
9xHFHpe06rM-00852-00207167-00207423 is proportional to pressure and hence
9xHFHpe06rM-00853-00207423-00207686 finally it boils down to that the
9xHFHpe06rM-00854-00207687-00207919 reaction rate is proportional to the
9xHFHpe06rM-00855-00207919-00208231 partial pressures of hydrogen and iodine
9xHFHpe06rM-00856-00208232-00208431 and this is the reaction rate where the
9xHFHpe06rM-00857-00208432-00208694 reaction rate is proportional to that
9xHFHpe06rM-00858-00208696-00208879 means you can write it is equal to a
9xHFHpe06rM-00859-00208880-00209046 constant k one
9xHFHpe06rM-00860-00209048-00209134 and
9xHFHpe06rM-00861-00209135-00209310 multiplied by the partial pressure of
9xHFHpe06rM-00862-00209311-00209503 hydrogen multiplied by partial pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00863-00209504-00209623 of iodine
9xHFHpe06rM-00864-00209623-00209831 that will give you the rate of the
9xHFHpe06rM-00865-00209832-00210063 reaction so the partial pressure of the
9xHFHpe06rM-00866-00210064-00210487 gaseous species is important
9xHFHpe06rM-00867-00210488-00210839 now similarly the reverse reaction rate
9xHFHpe06rM-00868-00210840-00211127 will depend on the reverse
9xHFHpe06rM-00869-00211128-00211367 constant the k minus 1
9xHFHpe06rM-00870-00211367-00211687 and will depend on the partial pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00871-00211688-00211855 of h i
9xHFHpe06rM-00872-00211856-00212119 ah which is in equilibrium
9xHFHpe06rM-00873-00212119-00212494 now ah we can define this ah just like
9xHFHpe06rM-00874-00212496-00212679 we defined earlier the equilibrium
9xHFHpe06rM-00875-00212680-00212846 constant which is a function of
9xHFHpe06rM-00876-00212848-00213151 temperature taking a ratio of k minus 1
9xHFHpe06rM-00877-00213152-00213446 by k 1 and being shown
9xHFHpe06rM-00878-00213448-00213751 by this ah the partial pressures
9xHFHpe06rM-00879-00213752-00213863 of
9xHFHpe06rM-00880-00213864-00213951 the
9xHFHpe06rM-00881-00213952-00214134 product and in the reverse reaction the
9xHFHpe06rM-00882-00214135-00214398 product is hydrogen and iodine gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00883-00214400-00214719 divided by the partial pressure of the
9xHFHpe06rM-00884-00214719-00215015 ah reactant gases in this case it will
9xHFHpe06rM-00885-00215016-00215223 be hydrogen iodide
9xHFHpe06rM-00886-00215223-00215479 so you can ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00887-00215480-00215734 write down this kind of reactions and
9xHFHpe06rM-00888-00215735-00215975 find out the equilibrium constants of
9xHFHpe06rM-00889-00215976-00216094 course which is a function of
9xHFHpe06rM-00890-00216096-00216279 temperature so at a particular
9xHFHpe06rM-00891-00216280-00216439 temperature you will have one particular
9xHFHpe06rM-00892-00216440-00216615 equilibrium constant
9xHFHpe06rM-00893-00216616-00216782 now ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00894-00216783-00217071 this law of mass action can be rewritten
9xHFHpe06rM-00895-00217071-00217406 in terms of partial pressures
9xHFHpe06rM-00896-00217407-00217487 and
9xHFHpe06rM-00897-00217488-00217655 the partial pressures
9xHFHpe06rM-00898-00217656-00217903 of this particular reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-00899-00217904-00218239 where this is equal to a 1
9xHFHpe06rM-00900-00218240-00218367 small a 1
9xHFHpe06rM-00901-00218367-00218623 multiplied by capital a one plus small a
9xHFHpe06rM-00902-00218623-00218863 two multiplied by capital a two this can
9xHFHpe06rM-00903-00218864-00219071 be rewritten as a product
9xHFHpe06rM-00904-00219071-00219303 of the pressures
9xHFHpe06rM-00905-00219304-00219479 raised to the powers of these
9xHFHpe06rM-00906-00219480-00219694 coefficients a one a two a three
9xHFHpe06rM-00907-00219696-00220015 etcetera and that product will give rise
9xHFHpe06rM-00908-00220016-00220151 to the
9xHFHpe06rM-00909-00220152-00220351 equilibrium constant at a particular
9xHFHpe06rM-00910-00220352-00220655 temperature
9xHFHpe06rM-00911-00220656-00220791 so ah
9xHFHpe06rM-00912-00220792-00220919 if you
9xHFHpe06rM-00913-00220919-00221182 continue on this this product which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00914-00221183-00221455 equal to the equilibrium constant
9xHFHpe06rM-00915-00221456-00221919 ah for ammonia ah we can rewrite this
9xHFHpe06rM-00916-00221919-00222215 like this and from instead of activities
9xHFHpe06rM-00917-00222216-00222534 then we choose concentrations
9xHFHpe06rM-00918-00222535-00222742 for
9xHFHpe06rM-00919-00222744-00222951 certain cases where we can take the
9xHFHpe06rM-00920-00222952-00223151 activity to be equal to the
9xHFHpe06rM-00921-00223152-00223294 concentration
9xHFHpe06rM-00922-00223296-00223503 we can rewrite this equation in terms of
9xHFHpe06rM-00923-00223504-00223646 concentrations
9xHFHpe06rM-00924-00223648-00223734 and
9xHFHpe06rM-00925-00223735-00224015 you can find out that the k
9xHFHpe06rM-00926-00224016-00224246 is related to the concentration
9xHFHpe06rM-00927-00224248-00224615 of the nitrogen and hydrogen and ammonia
9xHFHpe06rM-00928-00224616-00224751 by p square
9xHFHpe06rM-00929-00224752-00225023 so an increase of p here
9xHFHpe06rM-00930-00225023-00225215 means increase of
9xHFHpe06rM-00931-00225216-00225439 ammonia so if you increase p
9xHFHpe06rM-00932-00225440-00225687 the concentration of ammonia will
9xHFHpe06rM-00933-00225688-00225815 increase
9xHFHpe06rM-00934-00225816-00226015 and this is in accordance with leash
9xHFHpe06rM-00935-00226016-00226198 ateliers principle
9xHFHpe06rM-00936-00226200-00226471 ultimately delta g of naught of course
9xHFHpe06rM-00937-00226471-00226742 is given by minus r t l n k
9xHFHpe06rM-00938-00226744-00227046 or minus delta g naught is given by r t
9xHFHpe06rM-00939-00227048-00227263 l and k this is a very useful
9xHFHpe06rM-00940-00227264-00227494 equation
9xHFHpe06rM-00941-00227496-00227806 now to understand the mechanism at the
9xHFHpe06rM-00942-00227807-00227998 equilibrium
9xHFHpe06rM-00943-00228000-00228103 we used
9xHFHpe06rM-00944-00228104-00228487 we understood this reaction of n moles
9xHFHpe06rM-00945-00228488-00228775 of a plus m moles of b
9xHFHpe06rM-00946-00228776-00229127 reacting to form p moles of c and
9xHFHpe06rM-00947-00229128-00229294 r moles of d
9xHFHpe06rM-00948-00229296-00229487 we use the fact that the equilibrium
9xHFHpe06rM-00949-00229488-00229639 vapor pressure
9xHFHpe06rM-00950-00229640-00229767 of a gas
9xHFHpe06rM-00951-00229767-00230039 over its condensed face
9xHFHpe06rM-00952-00230040-00230303 ah is determined by the minimization of
9xHFHpe06rM-00953-00230304-00230582 the free enthalpy or the gibbs free
9xHFHpe06rM-00954-00230583-00230758 energy ok
9xHFHpe06rM-00955-00230759-00230871 now
9xHFHpe06rM-00956-00230871-00231055 so this can be shown in this way this is
9xHFHpe06rM-00957-00231056-00231246 the mechanistic pathway
9xHFHpe06rM-00958-00231248-00231358 where
9xHFHpe06rM-00959-00231359-00231606 you have this a
9xHFHpe06rM-00960-00231607-00231991 ah molecule interacting with b molecule
9xHFHpe06rM-00961-00231992-00232119 and it
9xHFHpe06rM-00962-00232119-00232334 undergoes a bimolecular association
9xHFHpe06rM-00963-00232335-00232479 reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-00964-00232480-00232831 and it forms a transition state
9xHFHpe06rM-00965-00232832-00233103 ah which is in quasi equilibrium with
9xHFHpe06rM-00966-00233104-00233398 the reactants so you have a and b
9xHFHpe06rM-00967-00233400-00233646 forming this transition state where a
9xHFHpe06rM-00968-00233648-00233863 and b are collided
9xHFHpe06rM-00969-00233864-00234063 now the the next step the from the
9xHFHpe06rM-00970-00234064-00234215 transition step
9xHFHpe06rM-00971-00234216-00234471 where a and b have collided
9xHFHpe06rM-00972-00234471-00234631 there can be
9xHFHpe06rM-00973-00234632-00234967 two ways that the reaction can proceed
9xHFHpe06rM-00974-00234967-00235087 one is
9xHFHpe06rM-00975-00235088-00235391 it may dissociate back to give you a and
9xHFHpe06rM-00976-00235392-00235510 b
9xHFHpe06rM-00977-00235511-00235606 or
9xHFHpe06rM-00978-00235607-00235710 it can
9xHFHpe06rM-00979-00235711-00235951 because this has some extra energy then
9xHFHpe06rM-00980-00235952-00236119 a plus b
9xHFHpe06rM-00981-00236119-00236334 this can transfer its energy to some
9xHFHpe06rM-00982-00236335-00236494 other molecule
9xHFHpe06rM-00983-00236496-00236591 and
9xHFHpe06rM-00984-00236592-00236919 the entire unit can remain as such which
9xHFHpe06rM-00985-00236919-00237031 is c
9xHFHpe06rM-00986-00237032-00237119 so
9xHFHpe06rM-00987-00237119-00237239 the
9xHFHpe06rM-00988-00237240-00237494 third atom which is m here
9xHFHpe06rM-00989-00237496-00237742 can collide with the transition state
9xHFHpe06rM-00990-00237744-00237991 and take away this excess energy and
9xHFHpe06rM-00991-00237992-00238110 give back
9xHFHpe06rM-00992-00238111-00238487 this ah new product which is c which is
9xHFHpe06rM-00993-00238488-00238751 a combination of a and b
9xHFHpe06rM-00994-00238752-00239015 or the other simple ways it falls back
9xHFHpe06rM-00995-00239016-00239342 to the original state of energy with a
9xHFHpe06rM-00996-00239344-00239519 and b dissociated
9xHFHpe06rM-00997-00239519-00239646 so if you
9xHFHpe06rM-00998-00239648-00239839 fall from the transition state you can
9xHFHpe06rM-00999-00239840-00240094 go back to the original reactant state
9xHFHpe06rM-01000-00240096-00240319 or from the transition state you can go
9xHFHpe06rM-01001-00240319-00240630 to the product which is a new molecule
9xHFHpe06rM-01002-00240631-00240782 by the interaction through a third
9xHFHpe06rM-01003-00240783-00241046 molecule which takes away part of its
9xHFHpe06rM-01004-00241048-00241303 energy
9xHFHpe06rM-01005-00241304-00241479 now there are various
9xHFHpe06rM-01006-00241480-00241830 ah methods of doing cvd
9xHFHpe06rM-01007-00241831-00242110 one is the pyrolysis method
9xHFHpe06rM-01008-00242111-00242582 and then you have a reduction
9xHFHpe06rM-01009-00242583-00242815 then oxidation
9xHFHpe06rM-01010-00242816-00243079 and compound formation
9xHFHpe06rM-01011-00243080-00243351 you can have disproportionation reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-01012-00243352-00243615 or reversible transfer reaction so there
9xHFHpe06rM-01013-00243616-00243687 are
9xHFHpe06rM-01014-00243688-00244055 variety of methods by which you can do
9xHFHpe06rM-01015-00244056-00244279 this chemical vapour deposition
9xHFHpe06rM-01016-00244280-00244446 techniques
9xHFHpe06rM-01017-00244448-00244734 so if you take the first case ah which
9xHFHpe06rM-01018-00244735-00245023 we said the pyrolysis reaction so this
9xHFHpe06rM-01019-00245023-00245319 is a typical pyrolysis reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-01020-00245319-00245710 where you want to make polysilicon ok so
9xHFHpe06rM-01021-00245711-00246030 you take a gaseous species this is
9xHFHpe06rM-01022-00246031-00246175 called silene
9xHFHpe06rM-01023-00246176-00246519 silicon ah there are sih4
9xHFHpe06rM-01024-00246519-00246719 and when you heat it
9xHFHpe06rM-01025-00246719-00246982 at six hundred degree celsius
9xHFHpe06rM-01026-00246983-00247175 then it will give rise to
9xHFHpe06rM-01027-00247176-00247375 silicon and hydrogen
9xHFHpe06rM-01028-00247376-00247727 so basically ah you are heating this gas
9xHFHpe06rM-01029-00247728-00247887 molecules
9xHFHpe06rM-01030-00247888-00248071 over a substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-01031-00248071-00248151 and
9xHFHpe06rM-01032-00248152-00248439 this decomposes to give you silicon
9xHFHpe06rM-01033-00248440-00248727 which forms the film on the substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-01034-00248728-00249039 and this hydrogen gas has to be taken
9xHFHpe06rM-01035-00249040-00249367 out as an exhaust through the exhaust
9xHFHpe06rM-01036-00249367-00249575 so this is a typical reaction where a
9xHFHpe06rM-01037-00249576-00249887 pyrolysis is taking place that means
9xHFHpe06rM-01038-00249888-00250142 breaking down of a compound
9xHFHpe06rM-01039-00250144-00250230 under
9xHFHpe06rM-01040-00250231-00250455 some giving some heat that means at high
9xHFHpe06rM-01041-00250456-00250694 temperatures you are breaking this up to
9xHFHpe06rM-01042-00250696-00250887 give you these molecules these molecules
9xHFHpe06rM-01043-00250888-00251158 will sit on the ah will be transported
9xHFHpe06rM-01044-00251159-00251455 to the substrate and form the film so
9xHFHpe06rM-01045-00251456-00251751 this is a cvd process
9xHFHpe06rM-01046-00251752-00252082 ah which uses pyrolysis
9xHFHpe06rM-01047-00252083-00252446 reaction then ah coming to an example
9xHFHpe06rM-01048-00252448-00252742 for a cvd where a reduction
9xHFHpe06rM-01049-00252744-00252942 reaction is taking place
9xHFHpe06rM-01050-00252944-00253103 can be seen
9xHFHpe06rM-01051-00253104-00253367 in the case of tungsten
9xHFHpe06rM-01052-00253367-00253791 metal preparation so w is the
9xHFHpe06rM-01053-00253792-00254103 symbol for tungsten and you start from a
9xHFHpe06rM-01054-00254104-00254287 gaseous species
9xHFHpe06rM-01055-00254288-00254494 hexafluoro tungsten
9xHFHpe06rM-01056-00254496-00254798 ah tungsten hexafluoride
9xHFHpe06rM-01057-00254800-00254942 and you
9xHFHpe06rM-01058-00254944-00255119 because this is a reduction reaction the
9xHFHpe06rM-01059-00255119-00255367 name so you heat in the presence of
9xHFHpe06rM-01060-00255367-00255582 hydrogen
9xHFHpe06rM-01061-00255583-00255815 and you get tungsten
9xHFHpe06rM-01062-00255816-00256215 which deposits on the substrate and hf
9xHFHpe06rM-01063-00256216-00256463 forms during the reaction and this
9xHFHpe06rM-01064-00256464-00256646 hydrogen fluoride gas
9xHFHpe06rM-01065-00256648-00256927 is then taken out through the exhaust
9xHFHpe06rM-01066-00256928-00257127 so this is a reaction with this
9xHFHpe06rM-01067-00257128-00257446 reduction of the reactant to give rise
9xHFHpe06rM-01068-00257448-00257623 to the product
9xHFHpe06rM-01069-00257623-00257951 which then is deposited or as a thin
9xHFHpe06rM-01070-00257952-00258191 film on the substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-01071-00258192-00258391 the third example
9xHFHpe06rM-01072-00258392-00258487 where
9xHFHpe06rM-01073-00258488-00258623 you are
9xHFHpe06rM-01074-00258623-00258894 doing an oxidation reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-01075-00258896-00259206 ah to prepare a film using the cvd
9xHFHpe06rM-01076-00259207-00259367 technique
9xHFHpe06rM-01077-00259367-00259551 and the example here
9xHFHpe06rM-01078-00259552-00259887 is of aluminum trichloride
9xHFHpe06rM-01079-00259888-00260055 you are using hydrogen and carbon
9xHFHpe06rM-01080-00260056-00260215 dioxide
9xHFHpe06rM-01081-00260216-00260319 to
9xHFHpe06rM-01082-00260319-00260630 oxidize aluminum chloride to aluminium
9xHFHpe06rM-01083-00260631-00260830 oxide
9xHFHpe06rM-01084-00260831-00261119 and carbon monoxide and hcl gas are
9xHFHpe06rM-01085-00261119-00261423 formed so these two are gases
9xHFHpe06rM-01086-00261423-00261623 and this is the only solid material so
9xHFHpe06rM-01087-00261623-00261823 this will deposit
9xHFHpe06rM-01088-00261823-00262191 on the substrate and give you the film
9xHFHpe06rM-01089-00262192-00262399 so ah you are
9xHFHpe06rM-01090-00262400-00262606 using an oxidation
9xHFHpe06rM-01091-00262607-00262727 condition
9xHFHpe06rM-01092-00262728-00263103 to make aluminium oxide or alumina films
9xHFHpe06rM-01093-00263104-00263382 from aluminum chloride ah and this is
9xHFHpe06rM-01094-00263383-00263543 again a typical
9xHFHpe06rM-01095-00263544-00263806 ah chemical vapor deposition process
9xHFHpe06rM-01096-00263807-00264127 this aluminum chloride ah molecules will
9xHFHpe06rM-01097-00264128-00264558 be deposited on the substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-01098-00264559-00265006 the next ah methodology is the compound
9xHFHpe06rM-01099-00265007-00265206 formation methodology
9xHFHpe06rM-01100-00265207-00265343 where
9xHFHpe06rM-01101-00265344-00265630 the example that we show here is of
9xHFHpe06rM-01102-00265631-00265855 titanium tetrachloride
9xHFHpe06rM-01103-00265856-00266039 reacting with
9xHFHpe06rM-01104-00266040-00266151 methane
9xHFHpe06rM-01105-00266152-00266334 so there are two gases titanium
9xHFHpe06rM-01106-00266335-00266558 tetrachloride and methane
9xHFHpe06rM-01107-00266559-00266719 which are
9xHFHpe06rM-01108-00266720-00266855 brought together
9xHFHpe06rM-01109-00266856-00267039 near a substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-01110-00267040-00267287 and at a temperature of thousand degree
9xHFHpe06rM-01111-00267288-00267471 celsius
9xHFHpe06rM-01112-00267472-00267758 and at that temperature titanium carbide
9xHFHpe06rM-01113-00267759-00268015 which is a solid will deposit on the
9xHFHpe06rM-01114-00268016-00268134 substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-01115-00268135-00268382 and form a film
9xHFHpe06rM-01116-00268383-00268495 so
9xHFHpe06rM-01117-00268496-00268775 this is an example of a cvd procedure
9xHFHpe06rM-01118-00268776-00269127 where you have a compound formation ah
9xHFHpe06rM-01119-00269128-00269447 starting from two gaseous ah precursors
9xHFHpe06rM-01120-00269448-00269679 and they interact and form a compound
9xHFHpe06rM-01121-00269680-00269903 which deposits on the
9xHFHpe06rM-01122-00269904-00270175 substrate and forms a thin film of
9xHFHpe06rM-01123-00270176-00270495 titanium carbide
9xHFHpe06rM-01124-00270496-00270758 the next example is ah
9xHFHpe06rM-01125-00270759-00270927 disproportionation
9xHFHpe06rM-01126-00270928-00271258 reaction as you understand from the word
9xHFHpe06rM-01127-00271259-00271415 disproportionation
9xHFHpe06rM-01128-00271416-00271567 means it is
9xHFHpe06rM-01129-00271568-00271703 breaking up
9xHFHpe06rM-01130-00271704-00272015 ah so it is a chemical reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-01131-00272016-00272343 in which you the same chemical more
9xHFHpe06rM-01132-00272344-00272519 from a more scientific point of view a
9xHFHpe06rM-01133-00272520-00272823 disproportionate reaction is basically
9xHFHpe06rM-01134-00272824-00273110 the substance itself acting as a both
9xHFHpe06rM-01135-00273111-00273375 oxidizing and reducing agents
9xHFHpe06rM-01136-00273376-00273727 so you start with two moles of germanium
9xHFHpe06rM-01137-00273728-00274134 iodide one of them oxidizes the other
9xHFHpe06rM-01138-00274135-00274495 and the other one reduces the other so
9xHFHpe06rM-01139-00274496-00274655 g e i
9xHFHpe06rM-01140-00274656-00275039 ah where germanium is in oxidation state
9xHFHpe06rM-01141-00275040-00275143 one
9xHFHpe06rM-01142-00275144-00275263 ah when
9xHFHpe06rM-01143-00275264-00275599 two molecules of g e i come together in
9xHFHpe06rM-01144-00275600-00275767 the gaseous stage
9xHFHpe06rM-01145-00275768-00275895 they react
9xHFHpe06rM-01146-00275896-00276175 and these gei molecules ah then
9xHFHpe06rM-01147-00276176-00276343 disproportionate
9xHFHpe06rM-01148-00276344-00276663 that means one of them becomes
9xHFHpe06rM-01149-00276664-00277103 higher or becomes oxidized to g two plus
9xHFHpe06rM-01150-00277104-00277303 and the other germanium
9xHFHpe06rM-01151-00277304-00277623 ah gets reduced to g zero
9xHFHpe06rM-01152-00277624-00277887 so here disproportionation the word is
9xHFHpe06rM-01153-00277888-00278175 used because you are having
9xHFHpe06rM-01154-00278176-00278471 a metal ion in a particular oxidation
9xHFHpe06rM-01155-00278472-00278758 state in this case it is in
9xHFHpe06rM-01156-00278759-00278999 plus one oxidation state in germanium
9xHFHpe06rM-01157-00279000-00279230 iodide molecule
9xHFHpe06rM-01158-00279231-00279306 which
9xHFHpe06rM-01159-00279307-00279543 disproportionates that means two
9xHFHpe06rM-01160-00279544-00279782 molecules of germanium are diet both
9xHFHpe06rM-01161-00279783-00280006 having plus one ions
9xHFHpe06rM-01162-00280007-00280151 will give rise
9xHFHpe06rM-01163-00280152-00280519 to one ion of zero oxidation state which
9xHFHpe06rM-01164-00280520-00280791 is the metal and which deposits on this
9xHFHpe06rM-01165-00280792-00281023 on the substrate and forms the film of
9xHFHpe06rM-01166-00281024-00281351 germanium and the other germanium from
9xHFHpe06rM-01167-00281352-00281639 here becomes germanium plus two and
9xHFHpe06rM-01168-00281640-00281879 reacts with iodine to form germanium
9xHFHpe06rM-01169-00281880-00282230 iodide or diiodide i should say and this
9xHFHpe06rM-01170-00282231-00282606 germanium diiodide is a gaseous species
9xHFHpe06rM-01171-00282607-00282958 and is taken out of the exhaust
9xHFHpe06rM-01172-00282959-00283158 so that is why this reaction is called a
9xHFHpe06rM-01173-00283159-00283447 disproportional proportionation reaction
9xHFHpe06rM-01174-00283448-00283791 because from two plus one species we are
9xHFHpe06rM-01175-00283792-00283927 getting one
9xHFHpe06rM-01176-00283928-00284167 zero valence species and one divalent
9xHFHpe06rM-01177-00284168-00284479 species and this zero valence species
9xHFHpe06rM-01178-00284480-00284727 deposits on the substrate and gives you
9xHFHpe06rM-01179-00284728-00285054 a film of germanium on the substrate so
9xHFHpe06rM-01180-00285055-00285367 this is a cvd technique to make to coat
9xHFHpe06rM-01181-00285368-00285703 germanium films on several substrates
9xHFHpe06rM-01182-00285704-00285839 similarly
9xHFHpe06rM-01183-00285840-00286223 you can coat aluminum boron gallium
9xHFHpe06rM-01184-00286224-00286406 large number of other metals and non
9xHFHpe06rM-01185-00286407-00286630 metals ah solids
9xHFHpe06rM-01186-00286631-00286710 on
9xHFHpe06rM-01187-00286711-00287054 substrates as films using this
9xHFHpe06rM-01188-00287055-00287215 disproportionation
9xHFHpe06rM-01189-00287216-00287534 a cvd method
9xHFHpe06rM-01190-00287535-00287863 then this is an example of a reversible
9xHFHpe06rM-01191-00287864-00287999 transfer
9xHFHpe06rM-01192-00288000-00288087 so
9xHFHpe06rM-01193-00288088-00288334 here what we see is that you have a gas
9xHFHpe06rM-01194-00288335-00288582 molecule its a tetramer
9xHFHpe06rM-01195-00288583-00288815 four atoms of arsenic are there in this
9xHFHpe06rM-01196-00288816-00288927 cluster
9xHFHpe06rM-01197-00288928-00289127 two atoms of arsenic are there in this
9xHFHpe06rM-01198-00289128-00289447 cluster so its a tetramer and a dimer
9xHFHpe06rM-01199-00289448-00289639 ah and they react
9xHFHpe06rM-01200-00289640-00289719 with
9xHFHpe06rM-01201-00289720-00289967 ah gallium chloride where gallium
9xHFHpe06rM-01202-00289968-00290295 chloride is ah here having plus one
9xHFHpe06rM-01203-00290296-00290471 oxidation state
9xHFHpe06rM-01204-00290472-00290671 and this gallium chloride in the
9xHFHpe06rM-01205-00290672-00290863 presence of hydrogen
9xHFHpe06rM-01206-00290864-00291143 ah at seven fifty degree centigrade
9xHFHpe06rM-01207-00291144-00291463 gives rise to gallium arsenide
9xHFHpe06rM-01208-00291464-00291679 and gallium arsenide as you know is one
9xHFHpe06rM-01209-00291680-00292006 of the most well known ah materials for
9xHFHpe06rM-01210-00292007-00292295 semiconducting devices and has
9xHFHpe06rM-01211-00292296-00292558 a lot of applications and
9xHFHpe06rM-01212-00292559-00292799 this technique has been used in the cvd
9xHFHpe06rM-01213-00292800-00293047 technique where it is reversible
9xHFHpe06rM-01214-00293048-00293151 transfer
9xHFHpe06rM-01215-00293152-00293479 because if you use 750 degree centigrade
9xHFHpe06rM-01216-00293480-00293663 you can go from the left side to the
9xHFHpe06rM-01217-00293664-00293879 right side where you produce gallium
9xHFHpe06rM-01218-00293880-00294215 arsenide on the substrate as a film
9xHFHpe06rM-01219-00294216-00294358 which is a solid
9xHFHpe06rM-01220-00294359-00294630 and you get hcl gas now if you start
9xHFHpe06rM-01221-00294631-00294823 from this side you start with gallium
9xHFHpe06rM-01222-00294824-00295182 arsenide and hcl and heat at 850 degrees
9xHFHpe06rM-01223-00295183-00295327 you will get back
9xHFHpe06rM-01224-00295328-00295647 the arsenic and the gallium chloride
9xHFHpe06rM-01225-00295648-00295830 so that is why it is called reversible
9xHFHpe06rM-01226-00295831-00296087 transfer reaction but its a cvd
9xHFHpe06rM-01227-00296088-00296254 technique because you are starting for
9xHFHpe06rM-01228-00296255-00296479 molecule of precursors and ending up
9xHFHpe06rM-01229-00296480-00296958 with a solid film on a substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-01230-00296959-00297158 now so we saw that there are lot of
9xHFHpe06rM-01231-00297159-00297479 precursors which are used which have
9xHFHpe06rM-01232-00297480-00297710 which are either gaseous molecules or
9xHFHpe06rM-01233-00297711-00297958 they are gaseous ah which are
9xHFHpe06rM-01234-00297959-00298199 pressurized into liquids and then gas
9xHFHpe06rM-01235-00298200-00298454 molecules come out of them and can be
9xHFHpe06rM-01236-00298455-00298710 controlled before they are
9xHFHpe06rM-01237-00298711-00298943 sent to the reaction chamber
9xHFHpe06rM-01238-00298944-00299239 now the one of the important
9xHFHpe06rM-01239-00299240-00299558 requirements for this precursor which is
9xHFHpe06rM-01240-00299559-00299719 either the pressurized
9xHFHpe06rM-01241-00299720-00299999 gas as a liquid or just the gas
9xHFHpe06rM-01242-00300000-00300199 is there should be
9xHFHpe06rM-01243-00300200-00300487 sufficient volatility to achieve
9xHFHpe06rM-01244-00300488-00300695 acceptable growth rates
9xHFHpe06rM-01245-00300696-00300951 at moderate evaporation temperatures
9xHFHpe06rM-01246-00300952-00301334 that means the volatility of that liquid
9xHFHpe06rM-01247-00301335-00301663 or to form gas should be very high
9xHFHpe06rM-01248-00301664-00301839 otherwise you will need high
9xHFHpe06rM-01249-00301840-00302119 temperatures to volatilize
9xHFHpe06rM-01250-00302120-00302406 gaseous molecules from those liquids so
9xHFHpe06rM-01251-00302407-00302743 this is a very important requirement
9xHFHpe06rM-01252-00302744-00302871 for the
9xHFHpe06rM-01253-00302872-00303047 ah precursor
9xHFHpe06rM-01254-00303048-00303358 that it should be very highly volatile
9xHFHpe06rM-01255-00303359-00303454 or
9xHFHpe06rM-01256-00303455-00303710 or sufficiently
9xHFHpe06rM-01257-00303711-00304039 volatility should be there ah to
9xHFHpe06rM-01258-00304040-00304375 allow for gaseous molecules at moderate
9xHFHpe06rM-01259-00304376-00304575 temperatures you do not want to heat
9xHFHpe06rM-01260-00304576-00304806 them at very high temperatures of course
9xHFHpe06rM-01261-00304807-00305063 you do not even want them to be
9xHFHpe06rM-01262-00305064-00305206 very volatile
9xHFHpe06rM-01263-00305207-00305439 ah that comes to the next point this
9xHFHpe06rM-01264-00305440-00305703 should be stable so that decomposition
9xHFHpe06rM-01265-00305704-00305951 does not occur during evaporation so the
9xHFHpe06rM-01266-00305952-00306247 molecules which are going should not
9xHFHpe06rM-01267-00306248-00306487 decompose while moving
9xHFHpe06rM-01268-00306488-00306663 close to the substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-01269-00306664-00306839 and they should
9xHFHpe06rM-01270-00306840-00307134 be able to be transported without any
9xHFHpe06rM-01271-00307135-00307439 decomposition from the point of entry to
9xHFHpe06rM-01272-00307440-00307751 the reaction chamber to this vicinity of
9xHFHpe06rM-01273-00307752-00307999 the substrate they should be stable and
9xHFHpe06rM-01274-00308000-00308415 should not decompose and ah so
9xHFHpe06rM-01275-00308416-00308623 this is the same thing ah we are
9xHFHpe06rM-01276-00308624-00308887 mentioning that the stability should be
9xHFHpe06rM-01277-00308888-00309119 high and it should not decompose
9xHFHpe06rM-01278-00309120-00309358 while evaporation
9xHFHpe06rM-01279-00309359-00309591 some other requirements i like there
9xHFHpe06rM-01280-00309592-00309823 should be high chemical purity
9xHFHpe06rM-01281-00309824-00309975 ah
9xHFHpe06rM-01282-00309976-00310134 there should be clean decomposition
9xHFHpe06rM-01283-00310135-00310406 without the incorporation of residual
9xHFHpe06rM-01284-00310407-00310558 impurities
9xHFHpe06rM-01285-00310559-00310863 and there should be good compatibility
9xHFHpe06rM-01286-00310864-00310958 with
9xHFHpe06rM-01287-00310959-00311158 co precursors during the growth of
9xHFHpe06rM-01288-00311159-00311343 complex materials
9xHFHpe06rM-01289-00311344-00311430 so
9xHFHpe06rM-01290-00311431-00311623 this means that suppose you are trying
9xHFHpe06rM-01291-00311624-00311767 to grow
9xHFHpe06rM-01292-00311768-00311951 a bi-metallic film so you have a
9xHFHpe06rM-01293-00311952-00312215 precursor for one metal and you have a
9xHFHpe06rM-01294-00312216-00312495 precursor for another metal then that is
9xHFHpe06rM-01295-00312496-00312767 called the co precursor and during the
9xHFHpe06rM-01296-00312768-00313095 growth of this complex metal film
9xHFHpe06rM-01297-00313096-00313295 ah there should be some compatibility
9xHFHpe06rM-01298-00313296-00313423 within these
9xHFHpe06rM-01299-00313424-00313654 precursor molecules so good
9xHFHpe06rM-01300-00313655-00313919 compatibility with co precursors
9xHFHpe06rM-01301-00313920-00314223 during the growth of complex materials
9xHFHpe06rM-01302-00314224-00314487 so materials which have two metals or
9xHFHpe06rM-01303-00314488-00314719 three metals or two metals
9xHFHpe06rM-01304-00314720-00315103 and oxygen or carbon carbon dioxide has
9xHFHpe06rM-01305-00315104-00315375 to be injected to make a carbide or
9xHFHpe06rM-01306-00315376-00315591 nitrogen for a nitride
9xHFHpe06rM-01307-00315592-00315863 so these co precursors should be
9xHFHpe06rM-01308-00315864-00316119 compatible among themselves this is an
9xHFHpe06rM-01309-00316120-00316310 important point of course i mentioned
9xHFHpe06rM-01310-00316311-00316647 about high chemical purity and also
9xHFHpe06rM-01311-00316648-00316887 ah the clean decomposition there should
9xHFHpe06rM-01312-00316888-00317151 be no other impurities which solidify on
9xHFHpe06rM-01313-00317152-00317454 the surface of the substrate
9xHFHpe06rM-01314-00317455-00317703 now so ah
9xHFHpe06rM-01315-00317704-00317871 they should these precursors again
9xHFHpe06rM-01316-00317872-00318039 talking of these precursors because is
9xHFHpe06rM-01317-00318040-00318279 the most important thing in the cvd
9xHFHpe06rM-01318-00318280-00318391 process
9xHFHpe06rM-01319-00318392-00318591 should have long shelf life
9xHFHpe06rM-01320-00318592-00318806 with lot of stability at ambient
9xHFHpe06rM-01321-00318807-00319071 conditions and should not be affected by
9xHFHpe06rM-01322-00319072-00319254 air or moisture
9xHFHpe06rM-01323-00319255-00319447 they should be able people should be
9xHFHpe06rM-01324-00319448-00319703 able to manufacture them in large yield
9xHFHpe06rM-01325-00319704-00319871 at a low cost
9xHFHpe06rM-01326-00319872-00320175 and they should be non hazardous or with
9xHFHpe06rM-01327-00320176-00320415 very low hazard risk so
9xHFHpe06rM-01328-00320416-00320823 if you have to make an industrial ah
9xHFHpe06rM-01329-00320824-00321110 process you have to consider all these
9xHFHpe06rM-01330-00321111-00321215 points
9xHFHpe06rM-01331-00321216-00321599 for making ah cvd films using molecular
9xHFHpe06rM-01332-00321600-00321823 precursors
9xHFHpe06rM-01333-00321824-00322087 now the type of materials normally
9xHFHpe06rM-01334-00322088-00322287 used for
9xHFHpe06rM-01335-00322288-00322551 deposited by cvd techniques have
9xHFHpe06rM-01336-00322552-00322871 applications in several areas of
9xHFHpe06rM-01337-00322872-00322999 technology
9xHFHpe06rM-01338-00323000-00323247 micro electronics is one of the most
9xHFHpe06rM-01339-00323248-00323519 important areas where cvd techniques are
9xHFHpe06rM-01340-00323520-00323830 used up to electronics protective and
9xHFHpe06rM-01341-00323831-00324134 decorative coatings and optical coatings
9xHFHpe06rM-01342-00324135-00324271 all of them
9xHFHpe06rM-01343-00324272-00324367 some
9xHFHpe06rM-01344-00324368-00324663 time or the other people use cvd
9xHFHpe06rM-01345-00324664-00324871 processes to make films
9xHFHpe06rM-01346-00324872-00325071 which will be acting as components or
9xHFHpe06rM-01347-00325072-00325454 devices in many of these applications
9xHFHpe06rM-01348-00325455-00325943 and with this i ah come to an end to the
9xHFHpe06rM-01349-00325944-00326271 lecture five and we will be continuing
9xHFHpe06rM-01350-00326272-00326423 our
9xHFHpe06rM-01351-00326424-00326719 discussion about various methods of
9xHFHpe06rM-01352-00326720-00326991 deposition of films
9xHFHpe06rM-01353-00326992-00327206 nanostructured films by different
9xHFHpe06rM-01354-00327207-00327471 methods in the coming lectures thank you
9xHFHpe06rM-01355-00327472-00329775 very much
9xHFHpe06rM-01356-00329776-00329983 you
9xTFS2dEU6U-00000-00000003-00000103 [Music]
9xTFS2dEU6U-00001-00000104-00000327 when you do an ecg test in your office
9xTFS2dEU6U-00002-00000328-00000567 you get reimbursed eighteen dollars by a
9xTFS2dEU6U-00003-00000568-00000703 very old cpt
9xTFS2dEU6U-00004-00000704-00000950 code nine three zero zero zero but when
9xTFS2dEU6U-00005-00000951-00001174 you order an ecg test that patients do
9xTFS2dEU6U-00006-00001175-00001447 at home you get reimbursed at sixty six
9xTFS2dEU6U-00007-00001448-00001503 dollars
9xTFS2dEU6U-00008-00001504-00001807 using a new cpd code 99091
9xTFS2dEU6U-00009-00001807-00002055 now we have the only travel ecg created
9xTFS2dEU6U-00010-00002056-00002215 by the fda for home use
9xTFS2dEU6U-00011-00002216-00002431 it uses the mobile devices that most
9xTFS2dEU6U-00012-00002432-00002607 people are already familiar with
9xTFS2dEU6U-00013-00002608-00002791 and data are sent to the cloud the
9xTFS2dEU6U-00014-00002792-00002926 doctor can see
9xTFS2dEU6U-00015-00002927-00003158 instantly from anywhere also we have the
9xTFS2dEU6U-00016-00003159-00003431 world's most compact probably ecg device
9xTFS2dEU6U-00017-00003432-00003638 that can be easily packed for shipping
9xTFS2dEU6U-00018-00003639-00003822 therefore we designed a new business
9xTFS2dEU6U-00019-00003823-00004079 model the express ecg an online order
9xTFS2dEU6U-00020-00004079-00004270 mail delivery home ecg test
9xTFS2dEU6U-00021-00004271-00004535 express ecg is a non-urgent standard
9xTFS2dEU6U-00022-00004536-00004670 resting target ecg
9xTFS2dEU6U-00023-00004671-00004863 test for homes it can also be used for
9xTFS2dEU6U-00024-00004864-00005047 monthly monitoring of patients with
9xTFS2dEU6U-00025-00005048-00005222 chronic conditions and here's how it
9xTFS2dEU6U-00026-00005223-00005263 works
9xTFS2dEU6U-00027-00005264-00005495 a doctor science registered online
9xTFS2dEU6U-00028-00005496-00005735 account orders the ecg as needed qd
9xTFS2dEU6U-00029-00005736-00005983 medical delivers the pca 500 kit
9xTFS2dEU6U-00030-00005984-00006183 and patient completes the test at home
9xTFS2dEU6U-00031-00006184-00006327 express ecg kit
9xTFS2dEU6U-00032-00006328-00006527 on the right side you see includes the
9xTFS2dEU6U-00033-00006528-00006631 ecg recorder
9xTFS2dEU6U-00034-00006631-00006855 electrode instructions and the return
9xTFS2dEU6U-00035-00006856-00006951 envelope so here
9xTFS2dEU6U-00036-00006952-00007191 are the five simple steps of express ecg
9xTFS2dEU6U-00037-00007192-00007391 number one the doctor orders the test
9xTFS2dEU6U-00038-00007392-00007567 on an online dashboard two you
9xTFS2dEU6U-00039-00007568-00007734 thematically receive the order
9xTFS2dEU6U-00040-00007736-00007967 and mails out a kit and when the patient
9xTFS2dEU6U-00041-00007968-00008174 receives the kid in one to three days
9xTFS2dEU6U-00042-00008175-00008335 they complete the test at home and
9xTFS2dEU6U-00043-00008336-00008607 number four the test is done a ecg is
9xTFS2dEU6U-00044-00008608-00008799 instantly available in a cloud and
9xTFS2dEU6U-00045-00008800-00008991 doctor gets an email notification to
9xTFS2dEU6U-00046-00008992-00009167 review it number five is patient to drop
9xTFS2dEU6U-00047-00009168-00009359 off the recorder in the included return
9xTFS2dEU6U-00048-00009360-00009527 envelope and mount it back so for the
9xTFS2dEU6U-00049-00009528-00009735 doctor you only have to order the test
9xTFS2dEU6U-00050-00009736-00009846 as step number one
9xTFS2dEU6U-00051-00009847-00010055 and review the results as step number
9xTFS2dEU6U-00052-00010056-00010271 four this can all be done by just few
9xTFS2dEU6U-00053-00010272-00010463 clicks on your computer or even on your
9xTFS2dEU6U-00054-00010464-00010631 cell phone when you sign up by express
9xTFS2dEU6U-00055-00010632-00010895 cg account there's no contract and no
9xTFS2dEU6U-00056-00010896-00011110 annual fee the only charge is when you
9xTFS2dEU6U-00057-00011111-00011159 order
9xTFS2dEU6U-00058-00011160-00011327 a test for your patient at thirty
9xTFS2dEU6U-00059-00011328-00011495 dollars per test and you can build an
9xTFS2dEU6U-00060-00011496-00011695 insurance or self-pay patients for the
9xTFS2dEU6U-00061-00011696-00011735 test
9xTFS2dEU6U-00062-00011736-00011951 in your online dashboard you can review
9xTFS2dEU6U-00063-00011952-00012206 analyze and report an ecg and manage all
9xTFS2dEU6U-00064-00012207-00012406 the ecgs in a cloud account so here are
9xTFS2dEU6U-00065-00012407-00012638 the value propositions of express ecg
9xTFS2dEU6U-00066-00012639-00012719 for doctors
9xTFS2dEU6U-00067-00012720-00013022 express ecg can enable you uh to
9xTFS2dEU6U-00068-00013023-00013207 continue providing quality of care
9xTFS2dEU6U-00069-00013208-00013391 in this difficult time you can monitor
9xTFS2dEU6U-00070-00013391-00013519 your patients closely
9xTFS2dEU6U-00071-00013519-00013703 and you can improve the workflow in your
9xTFS2dEU6U-00072-00013704-00013838 practice on top of that
9xTFS2dEU6U-00073-00013840-00014038 it really makes financial sense with
9xTFS2dEU6U-00074-00014040-00014255 excellent reimbursement for patients
9xTFS2dEU6U-00075-00014256-00014519 they can get a hospital quality ecg test
9xTFS2dEU6U-00076-00014519-00014583 in their home
9xTFS2dEU6U-00077-00014584-00014775 and express ecg empowers the patients
9xTFS2dEU6U-00078-00014776-00014966 with tools they need to get involved in
9xTFS2dEU6U-00079-00014968-00015103 managing their own disease
9xTFS2dEU6U-00080-00015104-00015255 for insurance and for health care
9xTFS2dEU6U-00081-00015256-00015486 assistance it saves overall costs makes
9xTFS2dEU6U-00082-00015487-00015615 the system more efficient
9xTFS2dEU6U-00083-00015616-00015807 and helps to decrease potential spread
9xTFS2dEU6U-00084-00015808-00016022 of kovi 19. an express ecg
9xTFS2dEU6U-00085-00016023-00016215 operator is the patient so there's no
9xTFS2dEU6U-00086-00016216-00016375 need for technicians and the workflow
9xTFS2dEU6U-00087-00016376-00016486 will be more smooth
9xTFS2dEU6U-00088-00016487-00016743 and your new console patients their ecg
9xTFS2dEU6U-00089-00016744-00016927 will arrive before they come in there's
9xTFS2dEU6U-00090-00016928-00017199 no risk of a kova 19 exposure and
9xTFS2dEU6U-00091-00017200-00017439 if you try to distract this in fact ecg
9xTFS2dEU6U-00092-00017440-00017630 system in your office between patients
9xTFS2dEU6U-00093-00017631-00017807 that could be a serious problem the cost
9xTFS2dEU6U-00094-00017808-00017991 is lower with express usage and the
9xTFS2dEU6U-00095-00017992-00018191 reimbursement is three times higher and
9xTFS2dEU6U-00096-00018192-00018358 in our clinical trial seven times more
9xTFS2dEU6U-00097-00018359-00018430 patients
9xTFS2dEU6U-00098-00018431-00018735 prefer pca 500 over conventional ecg so
9xTFS2dEU6U-00099-00018736-00018894 you know that your patient satisfaction
9xTFS2dEU6U-00100-00018895-00019168 will be higher
9-62oNVaZOy-00000-00000023-00000284 chicken or Anna used the image oh la
9-62oNVaZOy-00001-00000285-00000578 cabeza kilogram Lanisha carolyn killaby
9-62oNVaZOy-00002-00000579-00000848 she is shake at wooden used a lowland on
9-62oNVaZOy-00003-00000849-00001033 door telegram orichalcos
9-62oNVaZOy-00004-00001034-00001300 Tama first lady in a a dead Lanka
9-62oNVaZOy-00005-00001301-00001589 resumen shaker or amused the cast yen
9-62oNVaZOy-00006-00001590-00001784 are they black curtain my friend for
9-62oNVaZOy-00007-00001785-00002101 club cash colonial period HVDC carry on
9-62oNVaZOy-00008-00002102-00002368 sir let's shake I press the table man
9-62oNVaZOy-00009-00002369-00002675 gman beat Oklahoma : : :
9-62oNVaZOy-00010-00002676-00002959 today's kilogram Carolyn don't believe
9-62oNVaZOy-00011-00002960-00003215 is Nadia Yannick Bisson dirt will resume
9-62oNVaZOy-00012-00003215-00003560 - what without the kilogram will done
9-62oNVaZOy-00013-00003561-00003815 earlier problema the act eleventh Imam
9-62oNVaZOy-00014-00003815-00004103 Mahdi under the Babylonian top one a Leo
9-62oNVaZOy-00015-00004104-00004610 Club picking - a cat wash whatever
9-62oNVaZOy-00016-00004611-00004852 it was seemed leader Kim shaker Oran
9-62oNVaZOy-00017-00004853-00005011 used the you know - pitbull the dog
9-62oNVaZOy-00018-00005012-00005258 keisha use the image garden billboard
9-62oNVaZOy-00019-00005259-00005567 Ortiz earth auto lock the kilogram not
9-62oNVaZOy-00020-00005568-00005867 Bill Carson Alda ultras article 11
9-62oNVaZOy-00021-00005868-00006125 billboard or diminish or 2000 a meal
9-62oNVaZOy-00022-00006126-00006368 birth donated doable well support on
9-62oNVaZOy-00023-00006369-00006653 dogs Russia Quran add the garlic player
9-62oNVaZOy-00024-00006654-00006887 shaker or only use daily yeah dude
9-62oNVaZOy-00025-00006888-00007100 here's to Shakira one onward program
9-62oNVaZOy-00026-00007101-00007358 Carson yes to shake ass on dirt Nancy it
9-62oNVaZOy-00027-00007359-00007727 topped the took the DA Anantha not very
9-62oNVaZOy-00028-00007728-00007795 alien
9-62oNVaZOy-00029-00007795-00008066 inaudible alien consumer used against
9-62oNVaZOy-00030-00008067-00008335 master in the lazy amid a clash magazine
9-62oNVaZOy-00031-00008336-00008609 shoot Aaron authorization years Akira
9-62oNVaZOy-00032-00008610-00008831 Charlton instead of a tequila gets extra
9-62oNVaZOy-00033-00008832-00009185 pot secured a crucially bukata
9-62oNVaZOy-00034-00009186-00009701 : man busted over acronym for the key a
9-62oNVaZOy-00035-00009702-00010171 day element of the sinan I'mI'm asking
9-62oNVaZOy-00036-00010172-00010406 about the time I shred and surely she
9-62oNVaZOy-00037-00010407-00010588 will check a roll and use the metro back
9-62oNVaZOy-00038-00010589-00010885 page program own all shaker consumer or
9-62oNVaZOy-00039-00010886-00011131 Korea and I have Ashley atmosphere
9-62oNVaZOy-00040-00011132-00011360 secure on use the image pitbull the dirt
9-62oNVaZOy-00041-00011361-00011542 could Beijing people in Georgia native
9-62oNVaZOy-00042-00011543-00011816 it makes me choke or that on believe it
9-62oNVaZOy-00043-00011817-00012263 will be salario will build a misogynist
9-62oNVaZOy-00044-00012264-00012341 eventually
9-62oNVaZOy-00045-00012342-00012670 early synapses have an erotic religion
9-62oNVaZOy-00046-00012671-00012899 still ask engine Curtis women naked are
9-62oNVaZOy-00047-00012900-00013169 cool on a bamboo gnarly all bad keyboard
9-62oNVaZOy-00048-00013169-00013394 keyboard overload as kilogram
9-62oNVaZOy-00049-00013394-00013730 interpolation of Santa Clara all the
9-62oNVaZOy-00050-00013731-00013936 tradition only use the Eurovision
9-62oNVaZOy-00051-00013937-00014108 assault occurs from indie record and
9-62oNVaZOy-00052-00014109-00014441 Shakira numero uno at Lauren and Anja in
9-62oNVaZOy-00053-00014441-00014654 London are the drug prohibition that
9-62oNVaZOy-00054-00014655-00014954 used the Elvis chicken puddin bewilder
9-62oNVaZOy-00055-00014955-00015152 the buttons I have unlocked all issues
9-62oNVaZOy-00056-00015153-00015385 and so the key element of the song
9-62oNVaZOy-00057-00015386-00015668 adaptation used in business in solution
9-62oNVaZOy-00058-00015669-00016007 as the booba Kim ciaramir an elastic
9-62oNVaZOy-00059-00016008-00016303 collision problem in America by misused
9-62oNVaZOy-00060-00016304-00016705 and shaky rollin cook kilogram
9-62oNVaZOy-00061-00016706-00016975 Shakeology member khaled al is nedovic
9-62oNVaZOy-00062-00016976-00017203 its name watch dear today give evidence
9-62oNVaZOy-00063-00017204-00017567 or not economical
9-jlhblsnGo-00000-00000007-00000340 this soil you cannot enrich with
9-jlhblsnGo-00001-00000341-00000580 anything in the universe you cannot
9-jlhblsnGo-00002-00000581-00000857 bring material from Mars or space and
9-jlhblsnGo-00003-00000858-00001085 enrich this only plant life and animal
9-jlhblsnGo-00004-00001086-00001319 life can enrich the soil if these two
9-jlhblsnGo-00005-00001320-00001601 things go away there is nothing left
9-jlhblsnGo-00006-00001602-00002076 right now they are talking about some
9-jlhblsnGo-00007-00002077-00002399 830 million cows or something in the
9-jlhblsnGo-00008-00002400-00002537 country
9-jlhblsnGo-00009-00002538-00002747 these cows you may feed and keep it
9-jlhblsnGo-00010-00002748-00002957 because they're giving milk that's not
9-jlhblsnGo-00011-00002958-00003160 the important thing milk is good for you
9-jlhblsnGo-00012-00003161-00003509 I appreciate this is a Milk District
9-jlhblsnGo-00013-00003510-00003754 so the cow dung is more valuable than
9-jlhblsnGo-00014-00003755-00003893 the milk
9-jlhblsnGo-00015-00003894-00004090 because it has to go into the soil to
9-jlhblsnGo-00016-00004092-00004336 keep the soil alive once this is gone
9-jlhblsnGo-00017-00004337-00004553 sir you cannot revive the soil you
9-jlhblsnGo-00018-00004554-00005670 cannot revive this country
9-jlhblsnGo-00019-00005671-00006071 foreign foreign
9-oQjcMRbHY-00000-00000008-00000227 let's factorize this trinomial well
9-oQjcMRbHY-00001-00000228-00000563 first common out five from this so
9-oQjcMRbHY-00002-00000564-00001008 that's five times x squared plus 2x plus
9-oQjcMRbHY-00003-00001009-00001718 one now we'll mark this as a BC to those
9-oQjcMRbHY-00004-00001719-00001898 constants so that's easier to you know
9-oQjcMRbHY-00005-00001898-00002242 so eight times C is 1 times 1 which is 1
9-oQjcMRbHY-00006-00002243-00002615 and the sum of this pair is 2 and this
9-oQjcMRbHY-00007-00002616-00002758 matches up with our middle terms
9-oQjcMRbHY-00008-00002759-00003029 constant and we can use those values to
9-oQjcMRbHY-00009-00003030-00003226 plug into our expression so that's 5
9-oQjcMRbHY-00010-00003227-00003488 times X square plus instead of 2x we are
9-oQjcMRbHY-00011-00003489-00003797 placing X plus X so that's 1 plus 1 plus
9-oQjcMRbHY-00012-00003797-00004454 1 and now let's write 5 times we'll
9-oQjcMRbHY-00013-00004455-00004676 separate first two terms in last 2 terms
9-oQjcMRbHY-00014-00004677-00004870 with the brackets so that's X square
9-oQjcMRbHY-00015-00004871-00005245 plus X in one set plus X plus one
9-oQjcMRbHY-00016-00005246-00005638 another and now we have 5 times let's
9-oQjcMRbHY-00017-00005639-00005852 comment out X from the first set so
9-oQjcMRbHY-00018-00005853-00006163 that's x times X plus 1 plus the second
9-oQjcMRbHY-00019-00006164-00006442 set remains same let's keep that X plus
9-oQjcMRbHY-00020-00006443-00007058 1 in our next step we have 5 times let's
9-oQjcMRbHY-00021-00007059-00007295 comment out X plus 1 from this so that's
9-oQjcMRbHY-00022-00007295-00007867 X plus 1 times X plus 1 now we have 5
9-oQjcMRbHY-00023-00007868-00008249 times we have 2x plus 1 so let's put it
9-oQjcMRbHY-00024-00008250-00008516 as X plus 1 whole square that's our
9-oQjcMRbHY-00025-00008517-00008768 final answer
9EC4LKBUyCu-00000-00000000-00000320 I have an opportunity today because I'm
9EC4LKBUyCu-00001-00000321-00000815 in recovery and I mean it allows me to
9EC4LKBUyCu-00002-00000816-00001012 be a positive report out in the
9EC4LKBUyCu-00003-00001013-00001258 community I mean I I still see friends
9EC4LKBUyCu-00004-00001259-00001499 except you are struggling with substance
9EC4LKBUyCu-00005-00001500-00001775 use disorder and and I can advise them
9EC4LKBUyCu-00006-00001776-00002077 hey this Hope Center is here there's
9EC4LKBUyCu-00007-00002078-00002310 meetings there's groups their resources
9EC4LKBUyCu-00008-00002311-00002567 it can be a positive example on these
9EC4LKBUyCu-00009-00002568-00002827 people I mean my life when I was
9EC4LKBUyCu-00010-00002828-00003188 actively using was a mess financially
9EC4LKBUyCu-00011-00003189-00003560 legally medically housing-related I just
9EC4LKBUyCu-00012-00003561-00003881 had so many issues upon issues and just
9EC4LKBUyCu-00013-00003882-00004133 the overwhelming anxiety of trying to
9EC4LKBUyCu-00014-00004134-00004286 know how to resolve that there's so much
9EC4LKBUyCu-00015-00004287-00004736 and in my process of recovery just so
9EC4LKBUyCu-00016-00004737-00004865 many of those pieces are falling
9EC4LKBUyCu-00017-00004866-00005252 together just naturally and it really
9EC4LKBUyCu-00018-00005253-00005549 your blessing I mean had somebody told
9EC4LKBUyCu-00019-00005550-00005825 me you know whilst i was using that i
9EC4LKBUyCu-00020-00005826-00006043 would be this person that I could show
9EC4LKBUyCu-00021-00006044-00006322 others hey there was hope that there is
9EC4LKBUyCu-00022-00006323-00006650 change there's possibilities you know
9EC4LKBUyCu-00023-00006651-00006869 that the things were taken up swinging
9EC4LKBUyCu-00024-00006870-00007156 and because this excellent there were
9EC4LKBUyCu-00025-00007158-00007414 last afternoons and had been fitted for
9EC4LKBUyCu-00026-00007415-00007667 a straitjacket and now here I am and I'm
9EC4LKBUyCu-00027-00007668-00008089 living it I mean I tell people all the
9EC4LKBUyCu-00028-00008090-00008228 time to come here to this Hope Center
9EC4LKBUyCu-00029-00008229-00008570 now I'm going to come early coach cover
9EC4LKBUyCu-00030-00008571-00008896 is possible opportunity as possible hope
9EC4LKBUyCu-00031-00008897-00009236 it possible
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00000-00000209-00000601 Thank You Jimmy at this time as we work
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00001-00000602-00001033 our way to a close for fee con 2017 we
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00002-00001034-00001345 have a short and special recap for you a
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00003-00001346-00001818 video recap of the last two days
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00004-00001819-00003332 [Music]
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00005-00003333-00003617 pecan is really a really unique concept
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00006-00003618-00003770 we're wing people together from all over
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00007-00003771-00003929 the Liberty movement and have
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00008-00003929-00004139 interdisciplinary as well as interactive
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00009-00004140-00004283 session and I thought that was very
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00010-00004284-00004487 interesting and I always try to learn
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00011-00004488-00004655 from other organizations and I used to
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00012-00004656-00004822 be a CI journalist myself and I wanted
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00013-00004823-00004949 to see what he is up to
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00014-00004950-00005536 [Music]
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00015-00005537-00005793 I think this point for me because I want
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00016-00005794-00006088 to do something good for my country and
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00017-00006089-00006409 tells us away many ways as possible and
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00018-00006409-00006762 I saw see like an opportunity to do
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00019-00006763-00007730 great things even with Ebola
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00020-00007731-00007945 when I first heard about speak on I knew
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00021-00007947-00008078 it was something that I wanted to be a
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00022-00008079-00008327 part of I went to Geoffrey suckers
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00023-00008328-00008576 cryptocurrency convention in Atlanta a
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00024-00008577-00008819 few years ago and I knew it was going to
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00025-00008820-00009049 be a really cool event I also loved the
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00026-00009050-00009281 creativity and the innovation and sort
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00027-00009282-00009545 of the entrepreneurial spirit and see so
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00028-00009546-00009710 it's really great to be down here I'm
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00029-00009711-00009866 going to be singing for everyone so
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00030-00009867-00010140 that's a really
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00031-00010141-00012123 [Music]
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00032-00012124-00012471 all of us afee have been so impressed
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00033-00012472-00012733 with you and so pleased with the way
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00034-00012734-00012972 this event is has gone the last couple
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00035-00012973-00013186 of days that I'm very happy to announce
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00036-00013187-00013582 that the dates for fee con 2018 have
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00037-00013583-00013972 been set June 7 through 9 2018 here in
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00038-00013972-00014963 Atlanta hopeful singer
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00039-00014963-00015322 I think it was a man named thomas
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00040-00015324-00015622 carlyle maybe a couple hundred years ago
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00041-00015624-00016091 who said that economics is the dismal
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00042-00016091-00016544 science but I'm guessing that if he had
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00043-00016545-00016898 been here this weekend right about now
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00044-00016899-00017114 he'd be at his computer he'd be a
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00045-00017115-00017531 Wikipedian and he'd be editing the entry
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00046-00017532-00017947 on Wikipedia for dismal science and the
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00047-00017948-00018110 new version would read something like
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00048-00018111-00018484 economics maybe dismal in some places
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00049-00018485-00018881 but not at this place called chicken in
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00050-00018882-00019630 Atlanta that's my favorite
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00051-00019631-00019975 many people deserve a hearty thanks from
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00052-00019976-00020324 all of us at fee for the success of this
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00053-00020325-00020684 event and first the four most you
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00054-00020685-00020999 deserve our great appreciation our
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00055-00021000-00021236 hearty thanks because it would have been
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00056-00021237-00021455 a pretty dull conference that you not
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00057-00021456-00021821 shown up so we deeply appreciate it
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00058-00021822-00022052 we've had a tremendous time as I hope
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00059-00022053-00022331 and believe you have as well getting to
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00060-00022332-00022484 know so many wonderful people who
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00061-00022485-00022643 believe in Liberty from all over the
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00062-00022644-00022828 world that's a special thing that I
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00063-00022829-00022972 think all of us are going to take with
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00064-00022973-00023272 us and remember for many many decades to
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00065-00023273-00023666 come so all of you deserve a thanks also
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00066-00023667-00024056 our sponsors all of them you've seen
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00067-00024057-00024209 their names I want to thank them again
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00068-00024210-00024406 because they helped mightily to make
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00069-00024407-00024767 this happen our donors who give entirely
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00070-00024768-00025000 because they share with us the values of
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00071-00025001-00025172 liberty and free markets as you all know
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00072-00025173-00025397 we don't seek nor would we accept any
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00073-00025398-00025700 government funding and I'm happy to say
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00074-00025701-00026683 that none has ever been offered
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00075-00026683-00027026 our extraordinary staff deserves a
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00076-00027027-00027302 special thanks as well as not a thank
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00077-00027302-00028112 you it's not a day that goes by even
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00078-00028113-00028345 when I'm on the road and not amongst my
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00079-00028347-00028568 colleagues there's not a day when I
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00080-00028569-00028858 don't feel blessed with the
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00081-00028860-00029066 extraordinary talent the tremendous
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00082-00029067-00029330 dedication we're all in the same page we
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00083-00029331-00029543 all share passionately in the values
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00084-00029544-00029732 that we seek to advance and it makes all
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00085-00029733-00029908 the difference in the world and I don't
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00086-00029910-00030056 think we could have been so successful
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00087-00030057-00030530 in the last nine years and in reviving a
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00088-00030531-00030719 fee and making it once again the
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00089-00030720-00030923 mothership of the Liberty movement had
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00090-00030924-00031270 we not put together the incredible team
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00091-00031272-00031420 I think the best in the business so
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00092-00031422-00031669 thank you fee colleagues for all the
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00093-00031670-00031907 indispensible incredible work that
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00094-00031908-00032880 you've done to make this happen
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00095-00032881-00033196 we think of all of you as missionaries
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00096-00033197-00033473 for liberty so I hope that that is on
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00097-00033474-00033751 your mind as you leave if we're to win
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00098-00033752-00034004 this Altima battle of ideas on behalf of
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00099-00034005-00034338 Liberty we can't just keep to ourselves
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00100-00034339-00034657 we can't no matter how much enjoyment we
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00101-00034658-00034910 get out of it simply attend conferences
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00102-00034911-00035215 and read books and then keep quiet we
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00103-00035216-00035440 have to spread the good word we have to
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00104-00035441-00035635 become better each of us at
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00105-00035636-00035954 communicating this lofty message of
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00106-00035955-00036190 individual liberty to others to win over
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00107-00036191-00036529 the unconverted to reinforce the already
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00108-00036530-00036796 converted to make people understand that
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00109-00036797-00037042 there perhaps is no more lofty more
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00110-00037043-00037385 noble objective for human society on
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00111-00037386-00037687 this earth then that we each live free
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00112-00037688-00038032 and responsible lives respecting one
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00113-00038033-00038293 another preserving things like private
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00114-00038294-00038530 property limited government at best and
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00115-00038531-00038785 all the other values that are wrapped
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00116-00038786-00039049 them up into this wonderful cause that
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00117-00039050-00039295 we call liberty so be a missionary take
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00118-00039296-00039550 this message win over others come back
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00119-00039551-00039829 next year bring your friends even if
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00120-00039830-00040063 they're on the other side those are the
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00121-00040064-00040300 kind that we want in fact to see more of
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00122-00040301-00040586 because when you make a convert
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00123-00040587-00041095 sometimes you make a new missionary who
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00124-00041096-00041371 has a perspective that can win over the
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00125-00041372-00041749 toughest of crowds so finally as you go
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00126-00041750-00042169 your separate ways and go home we wish
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00127-00042170-00042479 you the safest of travels and we thank
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00128-00042480-00042642 you from the bottom of our hearts for
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00129-00042643-00042937 your dedication to Liberty your support
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00130-00042938-00043150 of fie and for being here to help us
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00131-00043151-00043429 celebrate this first event but not the
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00132-00043430-00043880 last thank you very much
9Ne6yEcdAoA-00133-00043881-00044087 you
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00000-00000057-00000423 [Music]
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00001-00000424-00000607 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00002-00000608-00001015 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00003-00001016-00001207 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00004-00001208-00001607 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00005-00001607-00001791 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00006-00001792-00002199 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00007-00002200-00002383 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00008-00002384-00002791 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00009-00002792-00002975 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00010-00002976-00003383 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00011-00003384-00003567 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00012-00003568-00003975 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00013-00003976-00004159 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00014-00004160-00004567 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00015-00004568-00004759 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00016-00004760-00005167 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00017-00005168-00005351 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00018-00005352-00005759 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00019-00005760-00005943 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00020-00005944-00006351 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00021-00006352-00006534 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00022-00006536-00006942 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00023-00006943-00007127 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00024-00007128-00007534 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00025-00007536-00007719 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00026-00007720-00008127 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00027-00008128-00008319 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00028-00008320-00008727 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00029-00008728-00008910 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00030-00008911-00009319 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00031-00009320-00009503 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00032-00009504-00009910 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00033-00009911-00010095 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00034-00010096-00010503 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00035-00010504-00010687 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00036-00010688-00011095 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00037-00011096-00011278 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00038-00011279-00011687 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00039-00011688-00011878 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00040-00011879-00012287 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00041-00012288-00012470 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00042-00012471-00012879 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00043-00012880-00013063 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00044-00013063-00013471 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00045-00013472-00013655 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00046-00013656-00014063 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00047-00014063-00014247 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00048-00014247-00014655 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00049-00014656-00014838 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00050-00014840-00015247 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00051-00015247-00015438 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00052-00015440-00015847 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00053-00015847-00016030 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00054-00016031-00016439 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00055-00016440-00016622 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00056-00016623-00017030 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00057-00017031-00017215 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00058-00017216-00017622 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00059-00017623-00017807 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00060-00017808-00018214 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00061-00018215-00018399 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00062-00018400-00018807 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00063-00018808-00018999 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00064-00019000-00019407 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00065-00019408-00019591 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00066-00019592-00019999 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00067-00020000-00020183 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00068-00020184-00020591 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00069-00020592-00020775 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00070-00020776-00021207 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00071-00021208-00021383 usually don't even raise our voices let
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00072-00021384-00021775 alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00073-00021776-00021958 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00074-00021959-00022367 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00075-00022368-00022550 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00076-00022551-00022967 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00077-00022968-00023150 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00078-00023151-00023558 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00079-00023559-00023742 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00080-00023743-00024150 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00081-00024151-00024335 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00082-00024336-00024742 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00083-00024743-00024927 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00084-00024928-00025335 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00085-00025336-00025519 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00086-00025520-00025927 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00087-00025927-00026118 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00088-00026119-00026527 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00089-00026527-00026711 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00090-00026712-00027118 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00091-00027119-00027302 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00092-00027304-00027711 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00093-00027712-00027895 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00094-00027895-00028302 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00095-00028304-00028487 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00096-00028488-00028895 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00097-00028895-00029079 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00098-00029080-00029487 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00099-00029488-00029679 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00100-00029680-00030087 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00101-00030088-00030270 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00102-00030272-00030679 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00103-00030680-00030862 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00104-00030863-00031270 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00105-00031272-00031455 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00106-00031456-00031862 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00107-00031863-00032046 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00108-00032047-00032455 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00109-00032456-00032639 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00110-00032639-00033046 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00111-00033047-00033239 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00112-00033240-00033646 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00113-00033647-00033831 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00114-00033832-00034239 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00115-00034240-00034423 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00116-00034424-00034831 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00117-00034832-00035015 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00118-00035016-00035423 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00119-00035424-00035607 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00120-00035608-00036015 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00121-00036016-00036199 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00122-00036200-00036615 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00123-00036616-00036799 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00124-00036800-00037207 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00125-00037208-00037390 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00126-00037391-00037799 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00127-00037800-00037983 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00128-00037984-00038390 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00129-00038391-00038574 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00130-00038575-00038983 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00131-00038984-00039167 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00132-00039168-00039574 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00133-00039575-00039759 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00134-00039760-00040167 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00135-00040168-00040359 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00136-00040360-00040767 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00137-00040768-00040951 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00138-00040952-00041358 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00139-00041359-00041543 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00140-00041544-00041951 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00141-00041952-00042135 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00142-00042136-00042543 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00143-00042544-00042727 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00144-00042728-00043135 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00145-00043136-00043318 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00146-00043319-00043727 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00147-00043728-00043918 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00148-00043919-00044327 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00149-00044328-00044511 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00150-00044512-00044918 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00151-00044919-00045102 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00152-00045103-00045511 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00153-00045512-00045695 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00154-00045696-00046102 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00155-00046103-00046287 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00156-00046288-00046695 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00157-00046696-00046879 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00158-00046880-00047286 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00159-00047287-00047479 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00160-00047480-00047886 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00161-00047887-00048071 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00162-00048072-00048479 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00163-00048480-00048662 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00164-00048663-00049071 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00165-00049072-00049255 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00166-00049256-00049662 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00167-00049663-00049846 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00168-00049847-00050255 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00169-00050256-00050439 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00170-00050440-00050846 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00171-00050847-00051039 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00172-00051040-00051446 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00173-00051447-00051630 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00174-00051632-00052038 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00175-00052039-00052223 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00176-00052224-00052630 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00177-00052632-00052815 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00178-00052816-00053223 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00179-00053224-00053407 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00180-00053408-00053815 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00181-00053816-00053999 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00182-00054000-00054407 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00183-00054408-00054599 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00184-00054600-00055007 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00185-00055008-00055191 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00186-00055191-00055599 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00187-00055600-00055782 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00188-00055783-00056082 let alone resort to
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00189-00056083-00056311 fisticuffs we usually don't even raise
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00190-00056312-00056503 our voices let alone resort to
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00191-00056504-00056782 fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00192-00056783-00056966 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00193-00056967-00057375 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00194-00057376-00057559 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00195-00057560-00057966 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00196-00057967-00058159 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00197-00058160-00058566 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00198-00058567-00058750 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00199-00058751-00059159 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00200-00059160-00059342 we usually don't even raise our voices
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00201-00059344-00059633 let alone resort to fisticuffs
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00202-00059634-00061782 [Music]
9PdIkzQtZ0o-00203-00061783-00061991 you
9PSy8lbtnfI-00000-00000000-00000206 sonic healthcare limited is an
9PSy8lbtnfI-00001-00000206-00000401 Australian company that provides
9PSy8lbtnfI-00002-00000401-00000668 laboratory services pathology and
9PSy8lbtnfI-00003-00000669-00000952 radiology services the Sydney based
9PSy8lbtnfI-00004-00000953-00001211 company has its roots in the pathology
9PSy8lbtnfI-00005-00001212-00001427 practice of Douglas laboratories and
9PSy8lbtnfI-00006-00001428-00001642 since has become one of the largest
9PSy8lbtnfI-00007-00001643-00002012 diagnostic companies it has a presence
9PSy8lbtnfI-00008-00002013-00002309 in Australia New Zealand United States
9PSy8lbtnfI-00009-00002310-00002588 United Kingdom Germany Switzerland
9PSy8lbtnfI-00010-00002589-00002957 Belgium and Ireland it is the largest
9PSy8lbtnfI-00011-00002958-00003170 medical laboratory provider in
9PSy8lbtnfI-00012-00003171-00003379 Australasia and Europe and the third
9PSy8lbtnfI-00013-00003380-00003776 largest in the US it employs over 32,000
9PSy8lbtnfI-00014-00003777-00004015 people it was listed on the Australian
9PSy8lbtnfI-00015-00004017-00004349 Stock Exchange in 1987 as sonic
9PSy8lbtnfI-00016-00004350-00004694 technology Australia Limited the company
9PSy8lbtnfI-00017-00004695-00004925 changed its name to sonic healthcare
9PSy8lbtnfI-00018-00004926-00005377 Limited in 1995 it is now part of the
9PSy8lbtnfI-00019-00005378-00005738 S&P ASX 50 and is one of the largest
9PSy8lbtnfI-00020-00005739-00006101 medical companies listed on the ASX CSL
9PSy8lbtnfI-00021-00006102-00006365 Limited cochlear and ResMed being the
9PSy8lbtnfI-00022-00006366-00006614 only other listed medical companies of
9PSy8lbtnfI-00023-00006615-00006973 comparable size the company's strategy
9PSy8lbtnfI-00024-00006975-00007217 is growth by acquisition of overseas
9PSy8lbtnfI-00025-00007218-00007528 companies there is limited opportunity
9PSy8lbtnfI-00026-00007529-00007759 to expand further in the Australian
9PSy8lbtnfI-00027-00007761-00008017 market place and income in Australia is
9PSy8lbtnfI-00028-00008018-00008258 largely dependent on government health
9PSy8lbtnfI-00029-00008259-00008582 funding through Medicare the firm has
9PSy8lbtnfI-00030-00008583-00008858 diversified its revenue base with moves
9PSy8lbtnfI-00031-00008859-00009259 offshore from Australia in 2016
9PSy8lbtnfI-00032-00009260-00009545 approximately 60% of the company's
9PSy8lbtnfI-00033-00009546-00009799 revenues were generated from business
9PSy8lbtnfI-00034-00009800-00010142 operations outside Australia annual
9PSy8lbtnfI-00035-00010143-00010445 revenues for financial year to June 30th
9PSy8lbtnfI-00036-00010446-00010913 2017 exceeded 5.1 billion dollars Colin
9PSy8lbtnfI-00037-00010914-00011164 Goldschmidt is the CEO and Managing
9PSy8lbtnfI-00038-00011165-00012431 Director topic acquisitions Medi support
9PSy8lbtnfI-00039-00012432-00012935 based in Switzerland July 2015 Kay
9PSy8lbtnfI-00040-00012936-00013433 in Belgium July 2015 the laboratory
9PSy8lbtnfI-00041-00013434-00013665 business of Central Coast pathology
9PSy8lbtnfI-00042-00013666-00013991 consultants C CPC a high-quality
9PSy8lbtnfI-00043-00013991-00014366 laboratory in California USA February
9PSy8lbtnfI-00044-00014368-00014763 2011 physicians automated laboratory
9PSy8lbtnfI-00045-00014763-00015068 Powell based in Bakersfield California
9PSy8lbtnfI-00046-00015069-00015690 USA January 2011 KBL BML Yoona labo
9PSy8lbtnfI-00047-00015691-00016022 laboratory KBL based in Antwerp and the
9PSy8lbtnfI-00048-00016023-00016280 Western laboratory based in mousse cron
9PSy8lbtnfI-00049-00016281-00016803 January 2011 US pathology firm corporal
9PSy8lbtnfI-00050-00016804-00017069 clinical pathology laboratories for one
9PSy8lbtnfI-00051-00017070-00017277 hundred and twenty three point five
9PSy8lbtnfI-00052-00017278-00017525 million dollars one hundred and twenty
9PSy8lbtnfI-00053-00017526-00017964 one point five million dollars by a
9PSy8lbtnfI-00054-00017965-00018452 scientist in Ingelheim germany august
9PSy8lbtnfI-00055-00018453-00018753 2007
9WmXMdD-hNk-00000-00000014-00000415 [Music]
9WmXMdD-hNk-00001-00000416-00000671 ai applications in medical imaging are
9WmXMdD-hNk-00002-00000672-00000902 increasingly important
9WmXMdD-hNk-00003-00000903-00001095 ai solutions are widely used in
9WmXMdD-hNk-00004-00001096-00001231 hospitals
9WmXMdD-hNk-00005-00001232-00001415 including ct
9WmXMdD-hNk-00006-00001416-00001535 mri
9WmXMdD-hNk-00007-00001536-00001647 ultrasound
9WmXMdD-hNk-00008-00001648-00001910 and robot-assisted surgery
9WmXMdD-hNk-00009-00001911-00002007 however
9WmXMdD-hNk-00010-00002007-00002207 implementing ai solutions within
9WmXMdD-hNk-00011-00002208-00002495 hospitals can be difficult
9WmXMdD-hNk-00012-00002496-00002710 building and training ai models is a
9WmXMdD-hNk-00013-00002711-00002887 complex process
9WmXMdD-hNk-00014-00002888-00003095 that contains pattern recognition and
9WmXMdD-hNk-00015-00003096-00003231 data labeling
9WmXMdD-hNk-00016-00003232-00003638 integrating ai and much more
9WmXMdD-hNk-00017-00003639-00003927 advantek's meb ai suite powered by
9WmXMdD-hNk-00018-00003928-00004222 nvidia provides a turnkey solution to
9WmXMdD-hNk-00019-00004223-00004463 accelerate the whole process
9WmXMdD-hNk-00020-00004464-00004735 the meb ai suite provides the following
9WmXMdD-hNk-00021-00004736-00004879 benefits
9WmXMdD-hNk-00022-00004880-00005111 the pre-trained medical model is ready
9WmXMdD-hNk-00023-00005112-00005391 to use with just a few steps and can
9WmXMdD-hNk-00024-00005392-00005751 help optimize the training process
9WmXMdD-hNk-00025-00005752-00005847 second
9WmXMdD-hNk-00026-00005848-00006111 it leverages 30 plus nvidia pre-trained
9WmXMdD-hNk-00027-00006112-00006247 medical models
9WmXMdD-hNk-00028-00006248-00006439 and can be trained to accommodate other
9WmXMdD-hNk-00029-00006440-00006791 medical applications
9WmXMdD-hNk-00030-00006792-00007046 by leveraging this foundational meb ai
9WmXMdD-hNk-00031-00007047-00007151 suite
9WmXMdD-hNk-00032-00007152-00007383 doctors can easily build and train a
9WmXMdD-hNk-00033-00007384-00007581 personalized ai model
9WmXMdD-hNk-00034-00007581-00007791 [Music]
9WmXMdD-hNk-00035-00007792-00008110 advantec's meb ai suite comprises two
9WmXMdD-hNk-00036-00008111-00008255 major parts
9WmXMdD-hNk-00037-00008256-00008583 training and inference
9WmXMdD-hNk-00038-00008584-00008855 can leverage the meb ai suite to set up
9WmXMdD-hNk-00039-00008856-00009078 environments and optimizations on the
9WmXMdD-hNk-00040-00009079-00009167 cloud
9WmXMdD-hNk-00041-00009168-00009455 and input image data to start ai model
9WmXMdD-hNk-00042-00009456-00009591 training
9WmXMdD-hNk-00043-00009592-00009814 following completion the ai model
9WmXMdD-hNk-00044-00009815-00010046 training is deployed to edge devices for
9WmXMdD-hNk-00045-00010047-00010246 inference
9WmXMdD-hNk-00046-00010247-00010535 the mebai suite further enables doctors
9WmXMdD-hNk-00047-00010536-00010751 to augment their data by importing
9WmXMdD-hNk-00048-00010752-00010983 labeled images and establishing their
9WmXMdD-hNk-00049-00010984-00011142 own models
9WmXMdD-hNk-00050-00011143-00011351 for example precisely labeling the
9WmXMdD-hNk-00051-00011352-00011606 location of lesions
9WmXMdD-hNk-00052-00011607-00011806 the following demo shows the training
9WmXMdD-hNk-00053-00011807-00012167 system setup and an mabai suite built
9WmXMdD-hNk-00054-00012168-00012495 for assisted colonoscopy diagnosis
9WmXMdD-hNk-00055-00012496-00012783 this ready-to-use mebai suite can be
9WmXMdD-hNk-00056-00012784-00013055 easily downloaded from marketplace this
9WmXMdD-hNk-00057-00013056-00013294 ai model training can be deployed to
9WmXMdD-hNk-00058-00013295-00013647 edge devices the mebai suite detects and
9WmXMdD-hNk-00059-00013647-00013855 displays tissue abnormalities during
9WmXMdD-hNk-00060-00013856-00014166 colonoscopies in real time this solution
9WmXMdD-hNk-00061-00014168-00014391 will help doctors accurately predict
9WmXMdD-hNk-00062-00014391-00014558 effective treatment and prevention
9WmXMdD-hNk-00063-00014559-00014711 strategies
9WmXMdD-hNk-00064-00014712-00015015 the mabai suite also supports audio
9WmXMdD-hNk-00065-00015016-00015135 recognition
9WmXMdD-hNk-00066-00015136-00015383 that captures images from video this
9WmXMdD-hNk-00067-00015384-00015630 enables touchless interaction and helps
9WmXMdD-hNk-00068-00015631-00015838 avoid bacterial infection
9WmXMdD-hNk-00069-00015840-00015958 capture
9WmXMdD-hNk-00070-00015959-00016158 capture
9WmXMdD-hNk-00071-00016159-00016455 the meb ai suite combines advantex
9WmXMdD-hNk-00072-00016456-00016663 integration strengths with the nvidia
9WmXMdD-hNk-00073-00016664-00016886 clara platform it can be used on
9WmXMdD-hNk-00074-00016887-00017294 advantech x86 based aio with nvidia mxm
9WmXMdD-hNk-00075-00017295-00017494 modules
9WmXMdD-hNk-00076-00017495-00017719 users can optimize their carrier using
9WmXMdD-hNk-00077-00017720-00017950 the nvidia jetson module
9WmXMdD-hNk-00078-00017951-00018222 a powerful box pc for medical systems
9WmXMdD-hNk-00079-00018223-00018455 with customized software solutions is
9WmXMdD-hNk-00080-00018456-00018647 also available
9WmXMdD-hNk-00081-00018648-00018991 in sum mabai suite enables more accurate
9WmXMdD-hNk-00082-00018992-00019143 medical imaging
9WmXMdD-hNk-00083-00019144-00019358 and improves the doctor's diagnosis
9WmXMdD-hNk-00084-00019359-00019575 while reducing effort spent on system
9WmXMdD-hNk-00085-00019576-00019711 settings
9WmXMdD-hNk-00086-00019712-00020022 advantech medical dms leverages 30 years
9WmXMdD-hNk-00087-00020023-00020279 of experience to integrate devices with
9WmXMdD-hNk-00088-00020280-00020447 nvidia technology
9WmXMdD-hNk-00089-00020448-00020671 and provide value-added services for
9WmXMdD-hNk-00090-00020672-00021014 accelerating ai in medical solutions
9WmXMdD-hNk-00091-00021015-00021207 these include ai medical imaging
9WmXMdD-hNk-00092-00021208-00021343 consultants
9WmXMdD-hNk-00093-00021344-00021575 ai model optimization
9WmXMdD-hNk-00094-00021576-00021807 and edge device deployment
9WmXMdD-hNk-00095-00021808-00021967 with strong hardware software
9WmXMdD-hNk-00096-00021968-00022263 integration and longevity support
9WmXMdD-hNk-00097-00022264-00022543 advantec helps customers achieve medical
9WmXMdD-hNk-00098-00022544-00022736 ai success
9WmXMdD-hNk-00099-00022737-00023302 [Music]
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00000-00000024-00000238 seeking ideas for landing systems to
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00001-00000239-00000430 return humans to the moon
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00002-00000431-00000638 showcasing our aeronautics research
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00003-00000639-00000871 efforts and the science connection to
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00004-00000872-00001111 apollo 11's splashdown
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00005-00001112-00001295 a few of the stories to tell you about
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00006-00001296-00001527 this week at mass
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00007-00001528-00001710 we're looking for ideas from american
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00008-00001711-00001902 companies on our human landing system
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00009-00001903-00002079 for our artemis program
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00010-00002080-00002271 which aims to put the first woman and
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00011-00002272-00002567 next man on the moon by 2024
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00012-00002568-00002750 although internal studies point to a
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00013-00002751-00002966 three-stage landing system to safely
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00014-00002967-00003166 transport astronauts between the moon
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00015-00003167-00003319 and our lunar gateway
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00016-00003320-00003486 we're interested in alternative
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00017-00003488-00003686 approaches that can accomplish the same
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00018-00003688-00003886 long-term goals of global lunar
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00019-00003887-00004191 access and reusability our artemis
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00020-00004192-00004359 missions will use what we learn on the
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00021-00004360-00004559 moon to prepare for human missions to
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00022-00004560-00004791 mars
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00023-00004792-00004983 we joined the experimental aircraft
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00024-00004984-00005286 association's air venture oshkosh 2019
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00025-00005287-00005343 event
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00026-00005344-00005591 with forums and exhibits showcasing the
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00027-00005592-00005791 latest technologies in aeronautics
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00028-00005792-00005902 research
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00029-00005903-00006102 history was also on display with an
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00030-00006103-00006279 overview of the space race during
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00031-00006280-00006422 project apollo
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00032-00006423-00006623 the event also included updates on a
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00033-00006623-00006742 wide range of current
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00034-00006743-00006951 and future nasa science and space
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00035-00006952-00007278 exploration programs
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00036-00007279-00007487 our 50th anniversary celebration of
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00037-00007488-00007687 apollo 11 continued this week with a
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00038-00007688-00007927 special edition of nasa science live on
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00039-00007928-00008078 july 23rd
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00040-00008079-00008342 taking viewers on board the uss hornet
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00041-00008343-00008463 aircraft carrier
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00042-00008464-00008687 that recovered the apollo 11 capsule
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00043-00008688-00008846 after splashdown
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00044-00008847-00009046 splashdown marked the conclusion of the
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00045-00009047-00009159 cruise mission but
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00046-00009160-00009319 it was just the beginning for the
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00047-00009320-00009535 science brought back from the moon
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00048-00009536-00009735 this episode focused on what we learned
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00049-00009736-00009878 from the apollo missions
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00050-00009879-00010119 but we're still uncovering today and
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00051-00010120-00010319 what we hope to discover with future
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00052-00010320-00010646 artemis missions to the moon
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00053-00010647-00010823 it's our honor to have you on board and
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00054-00010824-00010959 we just hope that we're keeping the
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00055-00010960-00011142 innovative spirit alive that you all
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00056-00011143-00011214 sparked
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00057-00011215-00011527 on july 24th the date apollo 11 splashed
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00058-00011528-00011567 down
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00059-00011568-00011799 50 years ago michael collins the
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00060-00011800-00011983 missions command module pilot
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00061-00011984-00012119 spoke to the crew aboard the
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00062-00012120-00012310 international space station from our
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00063-00012311-00012495 johnson space center in houston
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00064-00012496-00012703 those are apollo people who are still
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00065-00012704-00012871 around we salute you
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00066-00012872-00013183 and we didn't realize we'd spawned an
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00067-00013184-00013399 operation of such complexity when we
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00068-00013400-00013566 were doing it a few years back
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00069-00013568-00013966 but bless you and have a good one
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00070-00013968-00014158 the space station is a multi-national
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00071-00014159-00014399 research lab and technology test bed
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00072-00014400-00014583 where we're learning human health
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00073-00014584-00014791 and other research vital to our
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00074-00014791-00015015 exploration future
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00075-00015016-00015343 and liftoff on july 25th our commercial
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00076-00015344-00015599 partner spacex launched its dragon cargo
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00077-00015600-00015791 spacecraft to the international space
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00078-00015791-00016071 station aboard a falcon 9 rocket from
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00079-00016072-00016255 cape canaveral air force station in
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00080-00016256-00016343 florida
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00081-00016344-00016543 the dragon is delivering supplies
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00082-00016544-00016758 equipment and science investigations to
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00083-00016759-00016894 the orbital outpost
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00084-00016895-00017127 as part of the company's 18th resupply
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00085-00017128-00017391 mission for nasa
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00086-00017392-00017791 chris craft nasa's first flight director
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00087-00017792-00018135 passed away on july 22nd
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00088-00018136-00018358 kraft created the concept of nasa's
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00089-00018359-00018503 mission control
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00090-00018504-00018750 and led the human space flight program
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00091-00018751-00018919 from project mercury
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00092-00018920-00019239 through apollo 12. after becoming
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00093-00019240-00019471 director of our johnson space center
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00094-00019472-00019719 he continued playing a vital role in the
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00095-00019720-00019807 success of the
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00096-00019808-00020071 final apollo missions through the first
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00097-00020072-00020279 flights of the space shuttle
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00098-00020280-00020535 his concept of mission operations is
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00099-00020536-00020583 still
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00100-00020584-00020822 in daily use by the international space
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00101-00020823-00021094 station mission control team
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00102-00021095-00021686 chris craft was 95 years old
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00103-00021687-00021983 that's what's up this week at nasa for
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00104-00021984-00022207 more on these and other stories
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00105-00022208-00022519 follow us on the web at
9Xr_S1ZUSiu-00106-00022520-00022784 slash nasa.gov
9XP_mmI132E-00000-00000012-00000196 this channel is supported by truefire
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9XP_mmI132E-00009-00007368-00007537 foreign
9XP_mmI132E-00010-00007538-00009957 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00011-00009958-00011038 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00012-00011039-00011453 thank you
9XP_mmI132E-00013-00011454-00012611 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00014-00012612-00012714 [Applause]
9XP_mmI132E-00015-00012715-00013630 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00016-00013631-00014441 foreign
9XP_mmI132E-00017-00014441-00014826 foreign
9XP_mmI132E-00019-00018048-00019248 foreign
9XP_mmI132E-00020-00019249-00019293 [Applause]
9XP_mmI132E-00021-00019294-00021433 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00022-00021434-00022062 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00023-00022063-00023458 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00024-00023459-00023688 foreign
9XP_mmI132E-00025-00023689-00025333 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00026-00025334-00025577 I just wanted to say just at the start
9XP_mmI132E-00027-00025578-00025799 of the video that you can now grab the
9XP_mmI132E-00028-00025800-00026044 all access pass to True fire using the
9XP_mmI132E-00029-00026045-00026374 code jnc 100 and you can get 100 off so
9XP_mmI132E-00030-00026375-00026617 you can get that you know that 99
9XP_mmI132E-00031-00026618-00026885 all-access pass deal that you
9XP_mmI132E-00032-00026886-00027046 occasionally see them drop in you can
9XP_mmI132E-00033-00027047-00027227 get that basically all year round with
9XP_mmI132E-00034-00027227-00027502 my code so I think that's a really great
9XP_mmI132E-00035-00027504-00027755 way to get into the true fire stuff
9XP_mmI132E-00036-00027756-00027983 because I've easily found you know way
9XP_mmI132E-00037-00027983-00028264 more than five six seven uh courses that
9XP_mmI132E-00038-00028266-00028474 I think have real benefit and have like
9XP_mmI132E-00039-00028475-00028643 lots of stuff that you could get
9XP_mmI132E-00040-00028644-00028870 inspired from I think it makes a lot of
9XP_mmI132E-00041-00028872-00029087 sense to to grab stuff from True fire
9XP_mmI132E-00042-00029088-00029279 via the all-access pass sort of like
9XP_mmI132E-00043-00029280-00029483 treat it like Netflix or Spotify or
9XP_mmI132E-00044-00029483-00029608 something
9XP_mmI132E-00045-00029610-00029920 um and I think for 99 a year instead of
9XP_mmI132E-00046-00029922-00030220 the usual 199 I think it's a really good
9XP_mmI132E-00047-00030222-00030568 deal so GNC 100 to grab all access pass
9XP_mmI132E-00048-00030569-00030874 for a hundred dollars anyway
9XP_mmI132E-00049-00030875-00031240 usually the situation is that I think
9XP_mmI132E-00050-00031241-00031481 when we buy a guitar oftentimes
9XP_mmI132E-00051-00031482-00031685 hopefully you have like a bit of a
9XP_mmI132E-00052-00031686-00031858 honeymoon period with it where you're
9XP_mmI132E-00053-00031860-00032231 really happy with it uh over a week or
9XP_mmI132E-00054-00032232-00032327 so
9XP_mmI132E-00055-00032327-00032555 a month or so normally you find that
9XP_mmI132E-00056-00032556-00032890 that starts to potentially wear off a
9XP_mmI132E-00057-00032891-00033161 bit and maybe even in some cases things
9XP_mmI132E-00058-00033162-00033352 like buyer's remorse can start to kick
9XP_mmI132E-00059-00033353-00033701 in when I bought a PRS dgt wood Library
9XP_mmI132E-00060-00033702-00033965 second hand that was my experience you
9XP_mmI132E-00061-00033966-00034205 know so first of all I was like yeah I
9XP_mmI132E-00062-00034206-00034331 think that's a really cool guitar it
9XP_mmI132E-00063-00034332-00034690 looks really cool and over a few months
9XP_mmI132E-00064-00034691-00035002 I really never played it and it sort of
9XP_mmI132E-00065-00035003-00035212 just sat in the cupboard and over time
9XP_mmI132E-00066-00035213-00035368 you know I started comparing it to
9XP_mmI132E-00067-00035369-00035579 things like a gibson-less pool and I
9XP_mmI132E-00068-00035580-00035740 thought I don't really get what this
9XP_mmI132E-00069-00035741-00035951 guitar is trying to be
9XP_mmI132E-00070-00035952-00036196 um and eventually I sold it and I
9XP_mmI132E-00071-00036197-00036323 thought that was probably going to be
9XP_mmI132E-00072-00036324-00036623 the end of my story with a prsdgt now
9XP_mmI132E-00073-00036624-00036779 like you
9XP_mmI132E-00074-00036780-00036971 um I then saw that they were bringing
9XP_mmI132E-00075-00036972-00037246 out a prsd gtse and initially I was
9XP_mmI132E-00076-00037247-00037451 thinking well why would I care about
9XP_mmI132E-00077-00037452-00037739 that I've already tried a real dgt and I
9XP_mmI132E-00078-00037740-00037937 wasn't particularly impressed why would
9XP_mmI132E-00079-00037938-00038105 I try out this SE and then I saw you
9XP_mmI132E-00080-00038106-00038285 know loads of paid reviews from folks
9XP_mmI132E-00081-00038286-00038507 saying you know this thing is so close
9XP_mmI132E-00082-00038508-00038680 to the real deal and all of that sort of
9XP_mmI132E-00083-00038681-00038939 stuff and again I was thinking well I
9XP_mmI132E-00084-00038940-00039107 didn't like the real deal so why would I
9XP_mmI132E-00085-00039108-00039467 care I'm not the biggest PRS fan anyway
9XP_mmI132E-00086-00039468-00039761 um but one came up at Peach and I
9XP_mmI132E-00087-00039762-00039918 thought right I'll buy that one then
9XP_mmI132E-00088-00039919-00040180 1049 pounds and again I also thought
9XP_mmI132E-00089-00040181-00040421 that that's a really expensive guitar
9XP_mmI132E-00090-00040422-00040630 for something that is made in Indonesia
9XP_mmI132E-00091-00040631-00040787 normally we expect guitars from
9XP_mmI132E-00092-00040788-00041015 Indonesia to come with you know a bit of
9XP_mmI132E-00093-00041016-00041243 a smaller price tag however all of my
9XP_mmI132E-00094-00041244-00041446 expectations for what this guitar would
9XP_mmI132E-00095-00041447-00041680 be have been basically wrong and every
9XP_mmI132E-00096-00041681-00041879 time I picked it up since I've still
9XP_mmI132E-00097-00041880-00042035 been blown away by this thing and
9XP_mmI132E-00098-00042036-00042161 thinking
9XP_mmI132E-00099-00042162-00042461 this is just an incredible guitar
9XP_mmI132E-00100-00042462-00042790 and better to me than the PRS core and
9XP_mmI132E-00101-00042791-00042989 as I said I wasn't a fan of that at all
9XP_mmI132E-00102-00042990-00043151 particularly so it wouldn't have been
9XP_mmI132E-00103-00043152-00043396 that difficult for it to to be something
9XP_mmI132E-00104-00043397-00043630 that I preferred but I really just think
9XP_mmI132E-00105-00043631-00043907 that this is such a versatile guitar
9XP_mmI132E-00106-00043908-00044117 um of course you can play your kind of
9XP_mmI132E-00107-00044118-00044357 Rocky stuff heavy stuff with it but as I
9XP_mmI132E-00108-00044358-00044501 tried to show in that introduction there
9XP_mmI132E-00109-00044502-00044687 the clean tones on it can be really
9XP_mmI132E-00110-00044688-00044855 really cool as well
9XP_mmI132E-00111-00044856-00045095 um the split coil those tones sound
9XP_mmI132E-00112-00045096-00045299 great as well as you back off the volume
9XP_mmI132E-00113-00045300-00045473 on these things
9XP_mmI132E-00114-00045474-00045533 um
9XP_mmI132E-00115-00045534-00045833 and that sounds really good too I really
9XP_mmI132E-00116-00045834-00046024 really really like the feel of the Frets
9XP_mmI132E-00117-00046025-00046187 they're a bit taller than your usual
9XP_mmI132E-00118-00046188-00046324 Frets so they're not like a typical
9XP_mmI132E-00119-00046325-00046571 medium jumbo or anything they're quite a
9XP_mmI132E-00120-00046572-00046727 big fret but they're also a bit taller
9XP_mmI132E-00121-00046728-00047146 off the fretboard so essentially it
9XP_mmI132E-00122-00047147-00047417 gives you a bit of a different feel to
9XP_mmI132E-00123-00047418-00047602 your usual guitar the Frets came
9XP_mmI132E-00124-00047603-00047765 properly polished you didn't have any of
9XP_mmI132E-00125-00047766-00048046 that kind of um you know that scrapey
9XP_mmI132E-00126-00048047-00048221 feeling that you get everything about
9XP_mmI132E-00127-00048222-00048455 this guitar to me feels really high
9XP_mmI132E-00128-00048456-00048737 quality and again I wasn't necessarily
9XP_mmI132E-00129-00048738-00048940 expecting that and I'm not the hugest
9XP_mmI132E-00130-00048941-00049223 PRS fan anyway but I think they just
9XP_mmI132E-00131-00049224-00049421 really have absolutely knocked out of
9XP_mmI132E-00132-00049422-00049601 the park with this guitar I felt like it
9XP_mmI132E-00133-00049602-00049673 was
9XP_mmI132E-00134-00049674-00049852 you know I've done plenty of videos on
9XP_mmI132E-00135-00049853-00050002 this but
9XP_mmI132E-00136-00050003-00050236 it's still fresh to me that
9XP_mmI132E-00137-00050237-00050471 yeah it's just a guitar that I was
9XP_mmI132E-00138-00050472-00050645 totally wrong about in pretty much all
9XP_mmI132E-00139-00050646-00050849 my expectations
9XP_mmI132E-00140-00050850-00050908 um
9XP_mmI132E-00141-00050909-00051196 there aren't really flaws with it
9XP_mmI132E-00142-00051197-00051340 um the maple
9XP_mmI132E-00143-00051341-00051664 basically this is a veneer on top and
9XP_mmI132E-00144-00051665-00051851 then underneath that there's like a
9XP_mmI132E-00145-00051852-00052013 maple cap
9XP_mmI132E-00146-00052014-00052240 um that piece of maple underneath isn't
9XP_mmI132E-00147-00052241-00052529 necessarily the prettiest thing has a
9XP_mmI132E-00148-00052529-00052741 few like sort of marks in it but nothing
9XP_mmI132E-00149-00052741-00053044 uh significant as in you know like just
9XP_mmI132E-00150-00053045-00053303 marks in the wood that will like not
9XP_mmI132E-00151-00053304-00053459 type things
9XP_mmI132E-00152-00053460-00053597 um but it is a piece of wood so you
9XP_mmI132E-00153-00053598-00053837 maybe expect there to be things that
9XP_mmI132E-00154-00053838-00053999 indicate there is a piece of wood it
9XP_mmI132E-00155-00054000-00054179 doesn't have locking tuners that's the
9XP_mmI132E-00156-00054179-00054473 one thing that is significantly
9XP_mmI132E-00157-00054474-00054880 different from the real dgt and
9XP_mmI132E-00158-00054882-00055073 um aside from that it just sounds great
9XP_mmI132E-00159-00055074-00055349 plays great holds its tune I think the
9XP_mmI132E-00160-00055350-00055523 trim holds its tune pretty well as well
9XP_mmI132E-00161-00055524-00055763 considering it's a non-locking situation
9XP_mmI132E-00162-00055764-00055973 I've got zero complaints about the
9XP_mmI132E-00163-00055974-00056147 guitar I'd love to know your thoughts if
9XP_mmI132E-00164-00056148-00056387 you've had one that was not as good or
9XP_mmI132E-00165-00056388-00056650 one that didn't meet your expectations
9XP_mmI132E-00166-00056651-00056813 um because obviously I've only got a
9XP_mmI132E-00167-00056814-00057011 sample of one here that I bought from
9XP_mmI132E-00168-00057012-00057191 Peach but
9XP_mmI132E-00169-00057191-00057480 if this is anything to go by I'd
9XP_mmI132E-00170-00057482-00057761 seriously recommend
9XP_mmI132E-00171-00057762-00058061 um this guitar in particular and I
9XP_mmI132E-00172-00058062-00058330 wonder if even the Indonesian Factory in
9XP_mmI132E-00173-00058332-00058499 general has kind of leveled up there are
9XP_mmI132E-00174-00058500-00058841 a few more expensive offerings now from
9XP_mmI132E-00175-00058841-00059063 the Indonesian shop I think I might even
9XP_mmI132E-00176-00059064-00059291 consider trying one or two of their
9XP_mmI132E-00177-00059291-00059494 other models I've always wanted to try
9XP_mmI132E-00178-00059495-00059729 the Zack Myers hollow body because I
9XP_mmI132E-00179-00059729-00059825 thought that was quite a cool looking
9XP_mmI132E-00180-00059826-00060100 guitar and they've also got I think is
9XP_mmI132E-00181-00060101-00060329 it the 594 which they've recently come
9XP_mmI132E-00182-00060329-00060454 out with which I'd be interested in
9XP_mmI132E-00183-00060455-00060569 trying
9XP_mmI132E-00184-00060570-00060809 the only thing that I've said before
9XP_mmI132E-00185-00060810-00061025 that I would worry about for PRS is that
9XP_mmI132E-00186-00061026-00061241 to me it feels like this is treading
9XP_mmI132E-00187-00061241-00061559 quite heavily on what the prss2 market
9XP_mmI132E-00188-00061560-00061726 is about
9XP_mmI132E-00189-00061727-00061859 um because I think this is a pro level
9XP_mmI132E-00190-00061860-00061963 guitar
9XP_mmI132E-00191-00061964-00062297 and I probably prefer this to a bunch of
9XP_mmI132E-00192-00062298-00062525 S2s that I've actually owned and played
9XP_mmI132E-00193-00062526-00062866 so that would be one slight concern
9XP_mmI132E-00194-00062867-00063166 because I feel like the PRS S2 was
9XP_mmI132E-00195-00063167-00063438 supposed to occupy this sort of 1000 ish
9XP_mmI132E-00196-00063439-00063725 1500 Market
9XP_mmI132E-00197-00063726-00063892 um where now you've got these guitars
9XP_mmI132E-00198-00063894-00064097 coming from the Indonesian Factory that
9XP_mmI132E-00199-00064098-00064315 I think are just as good if not better
9XP_mmI132E-00200-00064316-00064642 anyway so some clean tones here as well
9XP_mmI132E-00201-00064644-00064853 so
9XP_mmI132E-00202-00064854-00065114 foreign
9XP_mmI132E-00203-00065115-00067132 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00204-00067133-00068237 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00205-00068238-00068694 foreign
9XP_mmI132E-00206-00068695-00071525 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00207-00071526-00072143 foreign
9XP_mmI132E-00208-00072144-00073647 foreign
9XP_mmI132E-00209-00073648-00075437 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00210-00075438-00075582 foreign
9XP_mmI132E-00211-00075583-00075791 [Music]
9XP_mmI132E-00212-00075792-00076037 as you can see it's holding tuned quite
9XP_mmI132E-00213-00076038-00076235 nicely there even if you start to do you
9XP_mmI132E-00214-00076236-00076523 know some fairly you know I think
9XP_mmI132E-00215-00076524-00076723 aggressive sort of
9XP_mmI132E-00216-00076724-00076961 dissent in Pitch you know especially for
9XP_mmI132E-00217-00076962-00077105 your wobbly stuff it's absolutely
9XP_mmI132E-00218-00077106-00077249 perfect
9XP_mmI132E-00219-00077250-00077453 um I think if you're going to do a Van
9XP_mmI132E-00220-00077454-00077597 Halen impression you might want to
9XP_mmI132E-00221-00077598-00077993 consider other sorts of trims but that's
9XP_mmI132E-00222-00077994-00078167 certainly not just there for looks that
9XP_mmI132E-00223-00078168-00078509 trim is holding its tune really well and
9XP_mmI132E-00224-00078510-00078761 I just think they've really just made an
9XP_mmI132E-00225-00078762-00078900 astonishing guitar
9XP_mmI132E-00226-00078901-00079169 at any price range I'd be impressed with
9XP_mmI132E-00227-00079170-00079312 this
9XP_mmI132E-00228-00079313-00079594 um 1050 is quite a lot of money for an
9XP_mmI132E-00229-00079595-00079823 Indonesian guitar but I think if this
9XP_mmI132E-00230-00079824-00080026 example was anything to go by I think
9XP_mmI132E-00231-00080027-00080285 they're really really really starting to
9XP_mmI132E-00232-00080286-00080441 knock out some incredible stuff from
9XP_mmI132E-00233-00080442-00080669 that Indonesian Factory I'll catch you
9XP_mmI132E-00234-00080670-00080837 in another video soon please leave your
9XP_mmI132E-00235-00080838-00081071 opinions below if you've had bad
9XP_mmI132E-00236-00081072-00081347 experience with the PRS dgtse I'd love
9XP_mmI132E-00237-00081348-00081593 to hear it because that's typically not
9XP_mmI132E-00238-00081594-00081712 what you're going to find on YouTube
9XP_mmI132E-00239-00081713-00081869 about them of course because a lot of it
9XP_mmI132E-00240-00081870-00082103 is sponsored and then in general putting
9XP_mmI132E-00241-00082104-00082385 up negative videos can be um I think
9XP_mmI132E-00242-00082386-00082643 that gets you in trouble uh as I know
9XP_mmI132E-00243-00082644-00082943 but um this one just again I just wanted
9XP_mmI132E-00244-00082944-00083243 to to return to it because it's just so
9XP_mmI132E-00245-00083244-00083375 impressive to me
9XP_mmI132E-00246-00083376-00083537 um and every time I pick up this guitar
9XP_mmI132E-00247-00083538-00083788 I'm just having an amazing time playing
9XP_mmI132E-00248-00083789-00084011 it which isn't the same with every
9XP_mmI132E-00249-00084012-00084215 guitar that I've ever played so
9XP_mmI132E-00250-00084216-00084400 um when I buy something to review it and
9XP_mmI132E-00251-00084401-00084569 every time I pick it up I really like it
9XP_mmI132E-00252-00084570-00084862 I feel like that's maybe worth talking
9XP_mmI132E-00253-00084863-00085049 about hopefully
9XP_mmI132E-00254-00085050-00085333 um cheers
9YjPskahzNQ-00000-00000008-00000231 hi i'm eric vander clay it's friday the
9YjPskahzNQ-00001-00000231-00000495 22nd of march and we're at level 39
9YjPskahzNQ-00002-00000496-00000726 technology accelerator at canary wharf
9YjPskahzNQ-00003-00000727-00000935 and i'm tom platt this is your week in
9YjPskahzNQ-00004-00000936-00001358 tech
9YjPskahzNQ-00005-00001359-00001527 it may be a gloomy outlook for the
9YjPskahzNQ-00006-00001528-00001710 general economy in osborne's budget but
9YjPskahzNQ-00007-00001711-00001863 there are positives for the tech
9YjPskahzNQ-00008-00001864-00002071 industry there's hints of more funding
9YjPskahzNQ-00009-00002072-00002255 for tech and a number of tax breaks
9YjPskahzNQ-00010-00002256-00002695 which will benefit startups
9YjPskahzNQ-00011-00002696-00002975 and yes we're here at level 39 a fintech
9YjPskahzNQ-00012-00002976-00003215 accelerator opened this week by eric
9YjPskahzNQ-00013-00003215-00003454 with the london mayor boris johnson it
9YjPskahzNQ-00014-00003455-00003670 gives me great pride and great pleasure
9YjPskahzNQ-00015-00003671-00003959 to declare this absolutely fantastic
9YjPskahzNQ-00016-00003960-00004206 addition to london's arsenal of
9YjPskahzNQ-00017-00004207-00004822 innovation l 39 well and truly open
9YjPskahzNQ-00018-00004823-00004975 that work
9YjPskahzNQ-00019-00004976-00005422 it did behind you
9YjPskahzNQ-00020-00005423-00005622 the accelerator brings together the top
9YjPskahzNQ-00021-00005623-00005854 talent from the financial sector and
9YjPskahzNQ-00022-00005855-00006038 cutting edge technology including an
9YjPskahzNQ-00023-00006039-00006567 ipad which will make you a coffee
9YjPskahzNQ-00024-00006568-00006767 five of the web's founding fathers were
9YjPskahzNQ-00025-00006768-00006951 given a million pounds this week as part
9YjPskahzNQ-00026-00006952-00007159 of a new award the queen elizabeth prize
9YjPskahzNQ-00027-00007159-00007383 for engineering celebrated their role in
9YjPskahzNQ-00028-00007384-00007798 shaping the internet we use today
9YjPskahzNQ-00029-00007800-00007998 bitter tech rivals samsung and apple
9YjPskahzNQ-00030-00008000-00008207 will be fighting it out all over again
9YjPskahzNQ-00031-00008208-00008423 soon as samsung announces it's planning
9YjPskahzNQ-00032-00008424-00008639 its own interactive watch they say it's
9YjPskahzNQ-00033-00008640-00008799 part of their ongoing commitment to
9YjPskahzNQ-00034-00008800-00009135 products of the future
9YjPskahzNQ-00035-00009136-00009342 and it's twitter's 7th birthday this
9YjPskahzNQ-00036-00009343-00009567 week but did you know every day around
9YjPskahzNQ-00037-00009568-00009799 200 million users visit the site
9YjPskahzNQ-00038-00009800-00010039 tweeting in 33 different languages and
9YjPskahzNQ-00039-00010040-00010303 each of them has on average 127
9YjPskahzNQ-00040-00010304-00010519 followers how do you compare that was
9YjPskahzNQ-00041-00010520-00010735 your week in tech as always there's more
9YjPskahzNQ-00042-00010736-00011043 on techcitynews.com
9gjRxK_CUO0-00000-00000128-00000303 hi guys it's miss tara from the
9gjRxK_CUO0-00001-00000304-00000526 northwest library and i'm here to share
9gjRxK_CUO0-00002-00000527-00000671 some of my favorite
9gjRxK_CUO0-00003-00000672-00000966 kids books from the month of february
9gjRxK_CUO0-00004-00000967-00001158 february is black history month so i
9gjRxK_CUO0-00005-00001159-00001327 thought we'd start off with this book
9gjRxK_CUO0-00006-00001328-00001511 it's called all star
9gjRxK_CUO0-00007-00001512-00001695 how larry dobby smashed the color
9gjRxK_CUO0-00008-00001696-00001887 barrier in baseball
9gjRxK_CUO0-00009-00001888-00002134 now that football season is over many of
9gjRxK_CUO0-00010-00002135-00002431 us are thinking towards spring training
9gjRxK_CUO0-00011-00002432-00002607 and baseball
9gjRxK_CUO0-00012-00002608-00002871 and larry played for cleveland
9gjRxK_CUO0-00013-00002872-00003079 so i thought this might be a fun book so
9gjRxK_CUO0-00014-00003080-00003335 this is considered a biography it's a
9gjRxK_CUO0-00015-00003336-00003599 little more text heavy because it's got
9gjRxK_CUO0-00016-00003600-00003831 true facts in it
9gjRxK_CUO0-00017-00003832-00004079 not too bad of text though and it tells
9gjRxK_CUO0-00018-00004079-00004167 how
9gjRxK_CUO0-00019-00004168-00004254 um
9gjRxK_CUO0-00020-00004255-00004343 in
9gjRxK_CUO0-00021-00004344-00004551 larry dobby's neighborhood tall and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00022-00004552-00004847 short black and white slow and flat fast
9gjRxK_CUO0-00023-00004848-00005159 all played baseball together
9gjRxK_CUO0-00024-00005160-00005486 and he was a good player and eventually
9gjRxK_CUO0-00025-00005487-00005727 he made it up to the biggs
9gjRxK_CUO0-00026-00005728-00005975 and he played for cleveland let me get
9gjRxK_CUO0-00027-00005976-00006279 there show the picture there
9gjRxK_CUO0-00028-00006280-00006385 okay
9gjRxK_CUO0-00029-00006386-00006495 [Music]
9gjRxK_CUO0-00030-00006495-00006670 i will eventually
9gjRxK_CUO0-00031-00006672-00006991 see him there getting ready to bat
9gjRxK_CUO0-00032-00006992-00007159 all right
9gjRxK_CUO0-00033-00007159-00007351 and it talks a little bit about jackie
9gjRxK_CUO0-00034-00007352-00007606 robinson who was the first black player
9gjRxK_CUO0-00035-00007608-00007806 to play baseball
9gjRxK_CUO0-00036-00007808-00007919 and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00037-00007920-00008167 how his life continued on and he became
9gjRxK_CUO0-00038-00008168-00008359 a great baseball player
9gjRxK_CUO0-00039-00008360-00008646 um so if you your child has
9gjRxK_CUO0-00040-00008647-00009071 a report to read or write or um
9gjRxK_CUO0-00041-00009072-00009246 needs a book for black history month
9gjRxK_CUO0-00042-00009247-00009478 this is a great book again this is all
9gjRxK_CUO0-00043-00009479-00009910 star by audrey barrack
9gjRxK_CUO0-00044-00009911-00010095 this book is a lot of fun i love the
9gjRxK_CUO0-00045-00010096-00010431 illustrations it's called nobody like a
9gjRxK_CUO0-00046-00010432-00010774 book and it's no buddy like a friend
9gjRxK_CUO0-00047-00010775-00011055 and this book is by allen wolfe
9gjRxK_CUO0-00048-00011056-00011359 and he talks about how books can be our
9gjRxK_CUO0-00049-00011360-00011638 friends too
9gjRxK_CUO0-00050-00011639-00011895 we learn important stuff from books we
9gjRxK_CUO0-00051-00011896-00012383 learn to speak and think
9gjRxK_CUO0-00052-00012384-00012623 and we learn how to play the harmonica
9gjRxK_CUO0-00053-00012624-00012871 to bake and cook to read and write
9gjRxK_CUO0-00054-00012872-00013222 nobody like a book
9gjRxK_CUO0-00055-00013223-00013327 and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00056-00013328-00013599 there's book there's stuff about
9gjRxK_CUO0-00057-00013600-00013758 hot air balloons
9gjRxK_CUO0-00058-00013759-00014158 and trains and space and stars
9gjRxK_CUO0-00059-00014159-00014375 and if anybody knows me this of course
9gjRxK_CUO0-00060-00014376-00014615 is my favorite page because you can
9gjRxK_CUO0-00061-00014616-00014903 learn a lot about birds
9gjRxK_CUO0-00062-00014904-00015175 which i love so again you gotta finish
9gjRxK_CUO0-00063-00015176-00015799 this book it's called nobody like a book
9gjRxK_CUO0-00064-00015800-00016086 this book here is called james's reading
9gjRxK_CUO0-00065-00016087-00016222 rescue
9gjRxK_CUO0-00066-00016223-00016543 and james keeps missing his recess
9gjRxK_CUO0-00067-00016544-00016791 because he doesn't like to read aloud so
9gjRxK_CUO0-00068-00016792-00016983 james struggles with reading and misses
9gjRxK_CUO0-00069-00016984-00017150 recess to practice
9gjRxK_CUO0-00070-00017151-00017391 to cheer himself up he visits the cat
9gjRxK_CUO0-00071-00017392-00017622 rescue and befriends a ghost
9gjRxK_CUO0-00072-00017623-00017847 the cat in the box
9gjRxK_CUO0-00073-00017848-00018014 but ghost isn't quite ready to make
9gjRxK_CUO0-00074-00018015-00018103 friends
9gjRxK_CUO0-00075-00018104-00018335 as his reading improves james learns
9gjRxK_CUO0-00076-00018336-00018614 that kindness kindness and perseverance
9gjRxK_CUO0-00077-00018615-00018839 can have unexpected rewards and that
9gjRxK_CUO0-00078-00018840-00019063 having furry friends is the best gift of
9gjRxK_CUO0-00079-00019064-00019158 all
9gjRxK_CUO0-00080-00019159-00019399 now a lot of people read to dogs and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00081-00019400-00019711 we've had dogs come and read
9gjRxK_CUO0-00082-00019712-00019894 have dogs come to the library so that
9gjRxK_CUO0-00083-00019895-00020079 the kids can read to them because it
9gjRxK_CUO0-00084-00020080-00020239 takes off a little bit of the pressure
9gjRxK_CUO0-00085-00020240-00020471 so if your child's having difficulty
9gjRxK_CUO0-00086-00020472-00020630 reading or they're not enjoying reading
9gjRxK_CUO0-00087-00020631-00020822 as much you can always sit them down
9gjRxK_CUO0-00088-00020823-00021063 with a pet just like james does and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00089-00021064-00021271 practice on their reading aloud this is
9gjRxK_CUO0-00090-00021272-00021727 a very cute book i really like this one
9gjRxK_CUO0-00091-00021728-00021927 this book is kind of funny this is
9gjRxK_CUO0-00092-00021928-00022199 called mena by matthew forsythe
9gjRxK_CUO0-00093-00022200-00022471 and the illustrations are amazing so
9gjRxK_CUO0-00094-00022472-00022671 this is a story about trust and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00095-00022672-00022927 surprises and a mouse and her father who
9gjRxK_CUO0-00096-00022928-00023150 live in a piece of wood
9gjRxK_CUO0-00097-00023151-00023455 okay so i love when these covers the
9gjRxK_CUO0-00098-00023456-00023607 front part here has
9gjRxK_CUO0-00099-00023608-00023830 drawings in them
9gjRxK_CUO0-00100-00023831-00024142 so um minnow lived in her own little
9gjRxK_CUO0-00101-00024143-00024367 world where nothing bothered her except
9gjRxK_CUO0-00102-00024368-00024550 for one thing
9gjRxK_CUO0-00103-00024551-00024742 it wasn't her father who was always
9gjRxK_CUO0-00104-00024743-00024975 bringing home surprises from the outside
9gjRxK_CUO0-00105-00024976-00025135 world
9gjRxK_CUO0-00106-00025136-00025542 and he did he brought a can here
9gjRxK_CUO0-00107-00025543-00026014 and he brought stamps
9gjRxK_CUO0-00108-00026016-00026287 and he would bring friends over
9gjRxK_CUO0-00109-00026288-00026511 and then one day he brings home a
9gjRxK_CUO0-00110-00026512-00026702 squirrel
9gjRxK_CUO0-00111-00026704-00026943 is this a squirrel
9gjRxK_CUO0-00112-00026944-00027207 does this animal and this animal work
9gjRxK_CUO0-00113-00027208-00027423 well together
9gjRxK_CUO0-00114-00027424-00027623 but they think it's a squirrel and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00115-00027624-00027799 squirrel won't eat
9gjRxK_CUO0-00116-00027800-00028118 and it won't drink and it will play
9gjRxK_CUO0-00117-00028119-00028374 so her dad goes out
9gjRxK_CUO0-00118-00028375-00028567 and gets
9gjRxK_CUO0-00119-00028568-00028855 two more squirrels so they have
9gjRxK_CUO0-00120-00028856-00029167 are outnumbered by the squirrels
9gjRxK_CUO0-00121-00029168-00029343 and they still won't eat and they can't
9gjRxK_CUO0-00122-00029344-00029655 figure out why they won't eat and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00123-00029656-00029911 it kind of gets a little crazy after
9gjRxK_CUO0-00124-00029912-00030031 that look at this
9gjRxK_CUO0-00125-00030032-00030239 they bring a doctor in to check the
9gjRxK_CUO0-00126-00030239-00030479 squirrels out
9gjRxK_CUO0-00127-00030480-00030783 yeah yeah and you can see what happens
9gjRxK_CUO0-00128-00030783-00030958 but you'll have to finish this book
9gjRxK_CUO0-00129-00030960-00031127 check it out for yourself
9gjRxK_CUO0-00130-00031127-00031318 to see how this ends and check out these
9gjRxK_CUO0-00131-00031319-00031487 amazing illustrations
9gjRxK_CUO0-00132-00031488-00031767 again
9gjRxK_CUO0-00133-00031768-00031999 this book is beautiful this is called
9gjRxK_CUO0-00134-00032000-00032446 night walk it's by a maria dorlands okay
9gjRxK_CUO0-00135-00032447-00032711 so the kids are fast asleep
9gjRxK_CUO0-00136-00032712-00032927 and mom and dad wake them up and they
9gjRxK_CUO0-00137-00032928-00033183 say we're going for a walk
9gjRxK_CUO0-00138-00033184-00033383 it's still nighttime they get their
9gjRxK_CUO0-00139-00033384-00033502 packs
9gjRxK_CUO0-00140-00033503-00033823 they walk out the door
9gjRxK_CUO0-00141-00033824-00033990 they walk by a bunch of buildings and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00142-00033991-00034255 all the lights are off
9gjRxK_CUO0-00143-00034256-00034487 they walk by a truck passing train and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00144-00034488-00034671 you can think of what that sounds of the
9gjRxK_CUO0-00145-00034672-00034918 crunching on the grass when everything
9gjRxK_CUO0-00146-00034919-00035079 is silent
9gjRxK_CUO0-00147-00035080-00035318 they see deer
9gjRxK_CUO0-00148-00035319-00035511 they lay in the grass and check out all
9gjRxK_CUO0-00149-00035512-00035679 the stars
9gjRxK_CUO0-00150-00035680-00035927 and they keep hiking
9gjRxK_CUO0-00151-00035928-00036118 and they sit on a rock
9gjRxK_CUO0-00152-00036119-00036335 so they can watch the sun rise
9gjRxK_CUO0-00153-00036336-00036511 i just think this is a beautiful book
9gjRxK_CUO0-00154-00036512-00036687 and i'm thinking about what the sounds
9gjRxK_CUO0-00155-00036688-00036895 are like and maybe something you and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00156-00036896-00037287 your kids might want to do
9gjRxK_CUO0-00157-00037288-00037607 my next book is about sibling rivalry a
9gjRxK_CUO0-00158-00037608-00037718 little bit
9gjRxK_CUO0-00159-00037719-00037974 so ready for the spotlight
9gjRxK_CUO0-00160-00037975-00038127 by jamie kim
9gjRxK_CUO0-00161-00038128-00038215 so
9gjRxK_CUO0-00162-00038216-00038462 tessie is ready for the spotlight this
9gjRxK_CUO0-00163-00038463-00038574 is tessie
9gjRxK_CUO0-00164-00038575-00038799 but her big sister maya
9gjRxK_CUO0-00165-00038800-00039062 always seems to shine a little brighter
9gjRxK_CUO0-00166-00039063-00039439 can tessie find her own way to sparkle
9gjRxK_CUO0-00167-00039440-00039695 so of course
9gjRxK_CUO0-00168-00039696-00039967 maya has been practicing a lot longer
9gjRxK_CUO0-00169-00039968-00040239 and dancing a lot longer so she's better
9gjRxK_CUO0-00170-00040240-00040367 than tessie
9gjRxK_CUO0-00171-00040368-00040574 but tessie doesn't get that and tessie
9gjRxK_CUO0-00172-00040575-00040718 gets
9gjRxK_CUO0-00173-00040719-00040935 very mad about it
9gjRxK_CUO0-00174-00040936-00041230 and tessie kind of marches to the beat
9gjRxK_CUO0-00175-00041231-00041551 of her own drum in this book
9gjRxK_CUO0-00176-00041552-00041751 and i think it's kind of funny
9gjRxK_CUO0-00177-00041752-00041943 she doesn't dance quite like everybody
9gjRxK_CUO0-00178-00041944-00042079 else
9gjRxK_CUO0-00179-00042080-00042495 she does her own thing but then
9gjRxK_CUO0-00180-00042496-00042751 her sister needs her help
9gjRxK_CUO0-00181-00042752-00042855 because
9gjRxK_CUO0-00182-00042856-00043079 she's not as creative she thinks as her
9gjRxK_CUO0-00183-00043080-00043174 so
9gjRxK_CUO0-00184-00043175-00043343 they do come together and they do go to
9gjRxK_CUO0-00185-00043344-00043543 their own show together and it's a nice
9gjRxK_CUO0-00186-00043544-00043783 book
9gjRxK_CUO0-00187-00043784-00043974 and then i have
9gjRxK_CUO0-00188-00043975-00044230 two non-fiction books for you
9gjRxK_CUO0-00189-00044231-00044551 this one is called what's in your pocket
9gjRxK_CUO0-00190-00044552-00044758 and it's about collecting things in
9gjRxK_CUO0-00191-00044759-00044951 nature and how
9gjRxK_CUO0-00192-00044952-00045246 some famous and well known scientists
9gjRxK_CUO0-00193-00045247-00045455 also did that because a lot of times we
9gjRxK_CUO0-00194-00045456-00045687 go for a walk at say alley park and we
9gjRxK_CUO0-00195-00045688-00045999 find just the right rock it's so cool we
9gjRxK_CUO0-00196-00046000-00046190 want it for our collection and we put it
9gjRxK_CUO0-00197-00046191-00046311 in our pocket
9gjRxK_CUO0-00198-00046312-00046462 and that's how some of these scientists
9gjRxK_CUO0-00199-00046463-00046583 did too
9gjRxK_CUO0-00200-00046584-00046767 so it's called what's in your pocket
9gjRxK_CUO0-00201-00046768-00047030 collecting nature's treasures by heather
9gjRxK_CUO0-00202-00047031-00047495 l montgomery
9gjRxK_CUO0-00203-00047496-00047662 so it says when you explore the great
9gjRxK_CUO0-00204-00047663-00047862 outdoors and find something strange and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00205-00047863-00048190 wonderful do you put it in your pocket
9gjRxK_CUO0-00206-00048191-00048399 scientists collect specimens so they can
9gjRxK_CUO0-00207-00048400-00048783 observe the details of natural artifacts
9gjRxK_CUO0-00208-00048784-00049102 you see a little boy here this is george
9gjRxK_CUO0-00209-00049103-00049327 george found a strange seed pod and he
9gjRxK_CUO0-00210-00049328-00049543 put it in his pocket and he forgot all
9gjRxK_CUO0-00211-00049544-00049702 about it
9gjRxK_CUO0-00212-00049703-00049935 until
9gjRxK_CUO0-00213-00049936-00050079 pop
9gjRxK_CUO0-00214-00050080-00050262 seeds exploded all over the room and
9gjRxK_CUO0-00215-00050263-00050462 after that george had to empty out his
9gjRxK_CUO0-00216-00050463-00050646 pockets on the porch
9gjRxK_CUO0-00217-00050647-00050830 nobody knew that george would grow up
9gjRxK_CUO0-00218-00050831-00051190 grow up to be a famous scientist george
9gjRxK_CUO0-00219-00051191-00051366 washington carver
9gjRxK_CUO0-00220-00051367-00051502 and then it tells a little bit about
9gjRxK_CUO0-00221-00051503-00051882 what the scientists did
9gjRxK_CUO0-00222-00051883-00052199 so there's lots of different scientists
9gjRxK_CUO0-00223-00052200-00052399 in here and what they collected when
9gjRxK_CUO0-00224-00052400-00052679 they were kids and who they became
9gjRxK_CUO0-00225-00052679-00052854 when they were older so
9gjRxK_CUO0-00226-00052855-00053215 really cool book i really like this one
9gjRxK_CUO0-00227-00053216-00053447 and then my last book is a little bit
9gjRxK_CUO0-00228-00053448-00053582 oversized
9gjRxK_CUO0-00229-00053583-00053775 it's called shapes and patterns in
9gjRxK_CUO0-00230-00053776-00053926 nature
9gjRxK_CUO0-00231-00053927-00054030 okay
9gjRxK_CUO0-00232-00054032-00054230 so finding different shapes and patterns
9gjRxK_CUO0-00233-00054232-00054542 in nature
9gjRxK_CUO0-00234-00054544-00054654 so
9gjRxK_CUO0-00235-00054655-00054950 we have leaves tree bark flowers fruits
9gjRxK_CUO0-00236-00054951-00055247 and vegetables nuts and seeds shells
9gjRxK_CUO0-00237-00055248-00055535 insect wings and shards
9gjRxK_CUO0-00238-00055536-00055775 fins and scales skin
9gjRxK_CUO0-00239-00055776-00056087 bird wings and feathers my favorite
9gjRxK_CUO0-00240-00056088-00056430 fur and hair and minerals and crystals
9gjRxK_CUO0-00241-00056432-00056519 okay
9gjRxK_CUO0-00242-00056520-00056687 so check out this one and this is just
9gjRxK_CUO0-00243-00056688-00056863 about leaves
9gjRxK_CUO0-00244-00056864-00057079 and there's a little bit of text
9gjRxK_CUO0-00245-00057079-00057287 leaves catch rays of sunshine in their
9gjRxK_CUO0-00246-00057288-00057479 green palms so they can grow and live
9gjRxK_CUO0-00247-00057479-00057782 heavily whether they're broad narrow
9gjRxK_CUO0-00248-00057783-00057999 pointed or heart-shaped all fulfill
9gjRxK_CUO0-00249-00058000-00058254 their purpose when the dry seasons comes
9gjRxK_CUO0-00250-00058255-00058447 they would rather fall than see their
9gjRxK_CUO0-00251-00058448-00058799 beloved plants go thirsty
9gjRxK_CUO0-00252-00058800-00058919 and then there's all these different
9gjRxK_CUO0-00253-00058920-00059142 plants and they're all labeled
9gjRxK_CUO0-00254-00059144-00059326 so you could look at something like this
9gjRxK_CUO0-00255-00059327-00059487 and then go out into your garden in the
9gjRxK_CUO0-00256-00059488-00059759 spring and see what you can find
9gjRxK_CUO0-00257-00059760-00060007 look at the amazing illustrations for
9gjRxK_CUO0-00258-00060008-00060294 the flowers
9gjRxK_CUO0-00259-00060295-00060487 not a ton of text
9gjRxK_CUO0-00260-00060488-00060791 look at that
9gjRxK_CUO0-00261-00060791-00061054 ah i just think it's beautiful
9gjRxK_CUO0-00262-00061055-00061254 such a beautiful book there's one about
9gjRxK_CUO0-00263-00061255-00061438 fish i know some families who really
9gjRxK_CUO0-00264-00061439-00061703 like fish
9gjRxK_CUO0-00265-00061704-00062023 and they're different tails and fins
9gjRxK_CUO0-00266-00062024-00062135 and of course
9gjRxK_CUO0-00267-00062136-00062447 my favorite the birds
9gjRxK_CUO0-00268-00062448-00062638 all right so check this book out this is
9gjRxK_CUO0-00269-00062639-00062982 called shapes and patterns
9gjRxK_CUO0-00270-00062983-00063191 now we have most of these books here at
9gjRxK_CUO0-00271-00063191-00063438 the northwest library
9gjRxK_CUO0-00272-00063439-00063606 but if you can't find them at your local
9gjRxK_CUO0-00273-00063607-00063782 library you can give us a call or go
9gjRxK_CUO0-00274-00063783-00064015 online and reserve them for yourself
9gjRxK_CUO0-00275-00064016-00064238 and i'll see you again in march with
9gjRxK_CUO0-00276-00064239-00064359 some of my
9gjRxK_CUO0-00277-00064360-00064591 favorite children's books thanks for
9gjRxK_CUO0-00278-00064591-00064939 watching bye
9gP8y8giU8I-00000-00000320-00000949 [Music]
9gP8y8giU8I-00001-00000950-00001244 or less here bringing you a video on how
9gP8y8giU8I-00002-00001245-00001415 to get your class order hall from the
9gP8y8giU8I-00003-00001416-00001693 broken Isles dollar on to reach your
9gP8y8giU8I-00004-00001694-00001885 order hall accros use the ability death
9gP8y8giU8I-00005-00001886-00002778 Gate
9gP8y8giU8I-00006-00002779-00003073 if you's death get agin wallet accros it
9gP8y8giU8I-00007-00003074-00003204 will return you to the approximate
9gP8y8giU8I-00008-00003205-00003840 location you left from at a Chris you
9gP8y8giU8I-00009-00003842-00003985 can also get back to dollar on by
9gP8y8giU8I-00010-00003986-00004161 speaking with the flight master there or
9gP8y8giU8I-00011-00004162-00006734 clicking on the nearby portal
9hfsF7P9LBI-00000-00000000-00001335 [Music]
9hfsF7P9LBI-00001-00001336-00001566 columns is built on an idea
9hfsF7P9LBI-00002-00001567-00001759 idea of a better world
9hfsF7P9LBI-00003-00001760-00001951 a world that is sustainable and
9hfsF7P9LBI-00004-00001952-00002431 efficient a world we can rely on
9hfsF7P9LBI-00005-00002432-00002655 columns plays its role in building that
9hfsF7P9LBI-00006-00002656-00002934 world in a compressed air industry
9hfsF7P9LBI-00007-00002935-00003150 callum system not only helps you achieve
9hfsF7P9LBI-00008-00003151-00003367 optimal reliability and efficiency of
9hfsF7P9LBI-00009-00003368-00003615 your compressed air system but it also
9hfsF7P9LBI-00010-00003615-00003790 saves the environment
9hfsF7P9LBI-00011-00003792-00004031 based on your data columns estimates how
9hfsF7P9LBI-00012-00004032-00004343 much money emissions and problems we can
9hfsF7P9LBI-00013-00004344-00004535 save you
9hfsF7P9LBI-00014-00004536-00004751 but this is just the beginning
9hfsF7P9LBI-00015-00004752-00004967 columns with the world class expert
9hfsF7P9LBI-00016-00004968-00005247 smart monitoring and auto analyzers
9hfsF7P9LBI-00017-00005248-00005454 recommend you concrete actions it should
9hfsF7P9LBI-00018-00005455-00005683 take to start saving
9hfsF7P9LBI-00019-00005684-00005927 immediately for each action you can now
9hfsF7P9LBI-00020-00005928-00006199 see how much of your money will be saved
9hfsF7P9LBI-00021-00006200-00006391 how much will you help the environment
9hfsF7P9LBI-00022-00006392-00006614 and how many problems you will avoid by
9hfsF7P9LBI-00023-00006615-00006798 completing this action
9hfsF7P9LBI-00024-00006800-00007006 each action is also provided with the
9hfsF7P9LBI-00025-00007008-00007246 details a lot of documentation and
9hfsF7P9LBI-00026-00007247-00007719 references
9hfsF7P9LBI-00027-00007720-00007919 how is something like this possible how
9hfsF7P9LBI-00028-00007920-00008271 can columns achieve this
9hfsF7P9LBI-00029-00008272-00008471 balance is a part of a global
9hfsF7P9LBI-00030-00008472-00008663 independent compressed air expert
9hfsF7P9LBI-00031-00008664-00008774 coalition
9hfsF7P9LBI-00032-00008775-00009278 compressed air towards zero
9hfsF7P9LBI-00033-00009279-00009542 so experts working with columns invented
9hfsF7P9LBI-00034-00009543-00009846 auto analyzers and improvement actions
9hfsF7P9LBI-00035-00009847-00010078 you just have to follow a 5-step program
9hfsF7P9LBI-00036-00010079-00010271 and massive brain of columns will
9hfsF7P9LBI-00037-00010272-00010463 automatically recommend you the best
9hfsF7P9LBI-00038-00010464-00010639 solution
9hfsF7P9LBI-00039-00010640-00010783 [Music]
9hfsF7P9LBI-00040-00010784-00011359 and what is this 5-step program
9hfsF7P9LBI-00041-00011360-00011606 the first step is an internal assessment
9hfsF7P9LBI-00042-00011607-00011814 of your system you complete system
9hfsF7P9LBI-00043-00011815-00012014 review and start recoded to determine
9hfsF7P9LBI-00044-00012015-00012987 the state of your system
9hfsF7P9LBI-00045-00012988-00015615 [Music]
9hfsF7P9LBI-00046-00015616-00015807 you continue with trainings to help you
9hfsF7P9LBI-00047-00015808-00016086 understand your results and improve your
9hfsF7P9LBI-00048-00016087-00016743 knowledge about compressed air
9hfsF7P9LBI-00049-00016744-00016958 next important step is to include an
9hfsF7P9LBI-00050-00016959-00017175 expert independent of a compressor
9hfsF7P9LBI-00051-00017176-00017430 manufacturer to check on your system to
9hfsF7P9LBI-00052-00017431-00017694 confirm expected savings that columns
9hfsF7P9LBI-00053-00017695-00017918 recommended
9hfsF7P9LBI-00054-00017919-00020894 [Music]
9hfsF7P9LBI-00055-00020895-00021135 the fourth step is our most important
9hfsF7P9LBI-00056-00021136-00021303 invention
9hfsF7P9LBI-00057-00021304-00021527 smart monitoring
9hfsF7P9LBI-00058-00021528-00021775 just collecting data is useless if we do
9hfsF7P9LBI-00059-00021776-00022055 nothing with it we invented automatic
9hfsF7P9LBI-00060-00022056-00022278 analyzers to learn from your data and
9hfsF7P9LBI-00061-00022279-00022486 alert you about potential savings or
9hfsF7P9LBI-00062-00022487-00022776 inevitable problem you can now avoid
9hfsF7P9LBI-00063-00022777-00022927 [Music]
9hfsF7P9LBI-00064-00022928-00023239 this is an expert who is 24 7 watching a
9hfsF7P9LBI-00065-00023240-00023367 new system
9hfsF7P9LBI-00066-00023368-00023550 you can also live monitor your system
9hfsF7P9LBI-00067-00023551-00023822 with live mode scada view and do manual
9hfsF7P9LBI-00068-00023823-00024007 analyzes with advanced tools like
9hfsF7P9LBI-00069-00024008-00024311 simulations correlation histogram and
9hfsF7P9LBI-00070-00024312-00024489 manual analyzers
9hfsF7P9LBI-00071-00024490-00026006 [Music]
9hfsF7P9LBI-00072-00026007-00026199 and the last step is to manage your
9hfsF7P9LBI-00073-00026200-00026462 assets it helps you plan investments
9hfsF7P9LBI-00074-00026463-00026687 track your results and it automatically
9hfsF7P9LBI-00075-00026688-00026911 alerts you about incoming maintenances
9hfsF7P9LBI-00076-00026912-00028127 [Music]
9hfsF7P9LBI-00077-00028127-00028483 and the best thing of all
9hfsF7P9LBI-00078-00028485-00028751 [Music]
9hfsF7P9LBI-00079-00028752-00029023 you can follow results schedule reports
9hfsF7P9LBI-00080-00029024-00029246 and receive sms alerts
9hfsF7P9LBI-00081-00029247-00029518 all that in a simple platform that does
9hfsF7P9LBI-00082-00029519-00029698 everything for you
9hfsF7P9LBI-00083-00029699-00030879 [Music]
9hfsF7P9LBI-00084-00030880-00031407 so why is callums this popular
9hfsF7P9LBI-00085-00031408-00031599 who doesn't want to save money and
9hfsF7P9LBI-00086-00031600-00031870 improve reliability in a way that also
9hfsF7P9LBI-00087-00031872-00032189 helps the environment
9hfsF7P9LBI-00088-00032189-00033590 [Music]
9hfsF7P9LBI-00089-00033591-00033800 you
9kK-h6q288c-00000-00000000-00000262 good afternoon hello I'm walking back to
9kK-h6q288c-00001-00000263-00000473 another payday 2 walkthrough video today
9kK-h6q288c-00002-00000474-00000703 we'll be doing elephant Election Day the
9kK-h6q288c-00003-00000704-00000886 elephant election day as was hidden
9kK-h6q288c-00004-00000888-00001085 under my screenshot there I think this
9kK-h6q288c-00005-00001086-00001199 brought two days there's two days to
9kK-h6q288c-00006-00001200-00001445 this we're going to try try and stealth
9kK-h6q288c-00007-00001446-00001751 the first day Centurion pirate it shows
9kK-h6q288c-00008-00001752-00001913 me we're going to fail so the second
9kK-h6q288c-00009-00001914-00002126 layer will be loud but let's just get
9kK-h6q288c-00010-00002127-00002525 into this you can still start the second
9kK-h6q288c-00011-00002526-00002860 day where he felt very good yeah you
9kK-h6q288c-00012-00002861-00003058 just takes a long long time on the first
9kK-h6q288c-00013-00003059-00003308 day you have to hack for computers right
9kK-h6q288c-00014-00003309-00003470 I've just one let us see if we can
9kK-h6q288c-00015-00003471-00003653 stealth this you know where you're going
9kK-h6q288c-00016-00003654-00003922 not me I've seen as seen in the program
9kK-h6q288c-00017-00003923-00004106 if you were oh we start with on this is
9kK-h6q288c-00018-00004107-00004516 right this is the one no no no no miles
9kK-h6q288c-00019-00004517-00004724 mass this is the one I was talking about
9kK-h6q288c-00020-00004725-00004916 no it's not there's no gate here there's
9kK-h6q288c-00021-00004917-00005152 no like there is none over no no this is
9kK-h6q288c-00022-00005153-00005333 the one miles this is the lies that I
9kK-h6q288c-00023-00005334-00005636 hated you go through the mesh Tony you
9kK-h6q288c-00024-00005637-00006016 do I knew it yes we have a choice for
9kK-h6q288c-00025-00006017-00007393 you got double sides pistol yes
9kK-h6q288c-00026-00007394-00008719 see also far as a sieve that I can't
9kK-h6q288c-00027-00008720-00009678 oh yes Christie's by color me the corpse
9kK-h6q288c-00028-00009679-00009985 off ditch pun is for me the corpse fell
9kK-h6q288c-00029-00009986-00010248 off the edge I did it that's unfortunate
9kK-h6q288c-00030-00010249-00010441 okay you can check it off the edge of
9kK-h6q288c-00031-00010442-00010849 cool there's a super are you oh yeah see
9kK-h6q288c-00032-00010850-00010948 that's what that's what that's like the
9kK-h6q288c-00033-00010949-00011145 throat went wrong for me there's another
9kK-h6q288c-00034-00011146-00011655 sitter to right should I try to sit down
9kK-h6q288c-00035-00011656-00011916 now that mean crows avoids where do we
9kK-h6q288c-00036-00011917-00013644 go ours instead of containers right this
9kK-h6q288c-00037-00013644-00014084 no God garage decency me
9kK-h6q288c-00038-00014085-00014327 apparently is not hidden by those are
9kK-h6q288c-00039-00014328-00014837 the guard behind you is that little bit
9kK-h6q288c-00040-00014838-00015116 of choice in know we can try and do like
9kK-h6q288c-00041-00015116-00015665 the proper he BK everything I know you
9kK-h6q288c-00042-00015666-00016163 do choice of colors right so we've got
9kK-h6q288c-00043-00016163-00016544 too many exports do have these yea
9kK-h6q288c-00044-00016545-00016784 though you've got a choice between red
9kK-h6q288c-00045-00016785-00017330 and chronic screen and we can because
9kK-h6q288c-00046-00017331-00017561 i'm actually had store i'm just going to
9kK-h6q288c-00047-00017562-00017810 UM throws this other guard off the edge
9kK-h6q288c-00048-00017811-00018227 right and I may have a run-in or 2 i'd
9kK-h6q288c-00049-00018228-00018347 actually hate over there when I against
9kK-h6q288c-00050-00018348-00018545 sector of us oh and force the roof is
9kK-h6q288c-00051-00018546-00019814 that cram it thinks this one
9kK-h6q288c-00052-00019815-00020489 I sprint so quickly it's finals I'm not
9kK-h6q288c-00053-00020490-00020764 being spotted that's where you either
9kK-h6q288c-00054-00020765-00021097 you the at the air mon almost the aight
9kK-h6q288c-00055-00021098-00021217 i got that before you I didn't do
9kK-h6q288c-00056-00021218-00021488 anything that day yeah see I tagged
9kK-h6q288c-00057-00021489-00021869 Detroit it is correct then belty next
9kK-h6q288c-00058-00021870-00023039 day if I failed well let's look the soft
9kK-h6q288c-00059-00023040-00023281 right well guys we've conflicted the
9kK-h6q288c-00060-00023282-00023453 well miles completed the first day here
9kK-h6q288c-00061-00023454-00023731 in four minutes so well done miles for
9kK-h6q288c-00062-00023732-00024031 doing that I stood I am I minus
9kK-h6q288c-00063-00024032-00024172 seventeen thousand by killing a civilian
9kK-h6q288c-00064-00024173-00024692 and I am shot a guard see I have I have
9kK-h6q288c-00065-00024693-00025016 all the best stats or tips and accuracy
9kK-h6q288c-00066-00025017-00025355 is just two people as well as pretty
9kK-h6q288c-00067-00025356-00025553 impressive do you think right now we can
9kK-h6q288c-00068-00025554-00025678 now we see that masters type the wrong
9kK-h6q288c-00069-00025679-00025918 truck really you ready for it Robert
9kK-h6q288c-00070-00025919-00026411 right I do I take the real world d
9kK-h6q288c-00071-00026412-00027305 Ashley on purpose ah the lines wrong was
9kK-h6q288c-00072-00027306-00027845 actually yeah
9kK-h6q288c-00073-00027845-00028667 this is home God fun right okay so I'm
9kK-h6q288c-00074-00028668-00028949 always telling or no it's not possible
9kK-h6q288c-00075-00028950-00029239 oh and they say once whoo-hoo as if we
9kK-h6q288c-00076-00029241-00029568 succeeded always thing by the slacks
9kK-h6q288c-00077-00029569-00029870 okay well watch what second we should i
9kK-h6q288c-00078-00029870-00030055 bring that's what I want to know those
9kK-h6q288c-00079-00030056-00030370 thing that has a lot of damage done
9kK-h6q288c-00080-00030370-00030808 something with a lot power RPG that's
9kK-h6q288c-00081-00030809-00031076 that's possibly too much but too much
9kK-h6q288c-00082-00031077-00031499 power can if you want mochi your poor
9kK-h6q288c-00083-00031500-00031789 life choices on p19 no I don't know it's
9kK-h6q288c-00084-00031791-00031912 going to be an RPG if you want lots of
9kK-h6q288c-00085-00031913-00032302 damage does that need that much though
9kK-h6q288c-00086-00032302-00032573 without instakill border is a very
9kK-h6q288c-00087-00032574-00032867 limited to just a litmus Union I'm just
9kK-h6q288c-00088-00032868-00033095 going to take a person do get it you're
9kK-h6q288c-00089-00033096-00033379 faithful now I'm going to go for singles
9kK-h6q288c-00090-00033380-00033614 so I doesn't only took me see em chamas
9kK-h6q288c-00091-00033615-00033851 at this point look so I may as well go
9kK-h6q288c-00092-00033852-00034298 for a medic case may leak it a cold room
9kK-h6q288c-00093-00034299-00034679 grenades and bring your nose all right
9kK-h6q288c-00094-00034680-00035081 okay I last it sorry first by them well
9kK-h6q288c-00095-00035082-00035336 why should we go them Yeah right guys
9kK-h6q288c-00096-00035337-00035762 well I lovely stolen 46 concealment it's
9kK-h6q288c-00097-00035763-00035899 nice a day to where we're not going to
9kK-h6q288c-00098-00035900-00036185 solve it I said I was gonna try and vary
9kK-h6q288c-00099-00036186-00036362 my loadout I'm gonna go straight up LNG
9kK-h6q288c-00100-00036363-00036986 at this point so I'm the KSP here Lucy I
9kK-h6q288c-00101-00036987-00037477 remember this no that wasn't what do you
9kK-h6q288c-00102-00037478-00037843 remember now I remember I Oh is
9kK-h6q288c-00103-00037844-00038362 literally oh okay cool
9kK-h6q288c-00104-00038363-00040454 oh yeah wow I give you one job give me
9kK-h6q288c-00105-00040455-00040651 you gave me one job teen girls yeah it
9kK-h6q288c-00106-00040652-00041036 don't don't get caught that was the one
9kK-h6q288c-00107-00041037-00041351 Joe behavior very cure civilians I
9kK-h6q288c-00108-00041352-00041737 didn't as a god are this lmg fine I just
9kK-h6q288c-00109-00041738-00042470 deploy no don't kill this one oh well
9kK-h6q288c-00110-00042471-00043273 that's unfortunate I guess one oh well
9kK-h6q288c-00111-00043274-00043582 we're making my jaw wearing well moment
9kK-h6q288c-00112-00043583-00043958 you holding that computer I was doing
9kK-h6q288c-00113-00043959-00044477 where's that
9kK-h6q288c-00114-00044478-00044894 where you got the tater well this one in
9kK-h6q288c-00115-00044895-00045182 the corner yeah there's no time or
9kK-h6q288c-00116-00045183-00045419 anything it's just this whole up to
9kK-h6q288c-00117-00045420-00045764 stuff don't worry I've got do personal
9kK-h6q288c-00118-00045765-00046232 coats if I just press it for yes crouch
9kK-h6q288c-00119-00046233-00046634 eat at the end of jail yeah crystal I
9kK-h6q288c-00120-00046635-00047437 don't look for the facts ah I just got
9kK-h6q288c-00121-00047438-00047792 mugged off I look flat i deploy and I
9kK-h6q288c-00122-00047793-00048479 died I I saw it yeah I tagged it they
9kK-h6q288c-00123-00048480-00048971 did nothing about it you don't mind me
9kK-h6q288c-00124-00048972-00049235 miles I'm gonna okay other under ployed
9kK-h6q288c-00125-00049236-00049604 with this one over there each a tree
9kK-h6q288c-00126-00049605-00049949 close to the wall for this one um cheese
9kK-h6q288c-00127-00049950-00050126 goes first through here okay wait for us
9kK-h6q288c-00128-00050127-00050440 oh I just threw a grenade ah well oh
9kK-h6q288c-00129-00050441-00050636 yeah we're here I'm in this class
9kK-h6q288c-00130-00050637-00050945 default Donal then Gary just breached
9kK-h6q288c-00131-00050946-00051845 rating lng blazing
9kK-h6q288c-00132-00051846-00052386 well that's unfortunate I thought you
9kK-h6q288c-00133-00052387-00053017 backed away so father that would be
9kK-h6q288c-00134-00053019-00053270 what's that pad yourself up Barry sense
9kK-h6q288c-00135-00053271-00053459 doesn't it you don't patch yourself
9kK-h6q288c-00136-00053460-00053657 every shows what minimates yeah that's
9kK-h6q288c-00137-00053658-00053939 fine Rousseff my downs but it doesn't
9kK-h6q288c-00138-00053940-00054236 look like this yeah medkits not many
9kK-h6q288c-00139-00054237-00054491 words you're looking kind really you
9kK-h6q288c-00140-00054491-00056360 should learn difference
9kK-h6q288c-00141-00056361-00056798 I'm miles and miles and say that are you
9kK-h6q288c-00142-00056799-00057292 miles unlit early I can't you know no
9kK-h6q288c-00143-00057294-00057869 I'm sorry
9kK-h6q288c-00144-00057870-00058660 I chose it like a cloak I got out well
9kK-h6q288c-00145-00058661-00059191 the eyes for you yeah because work well
9kK-h6q288c-00146-00059192-00059690 hon where I'm at it's just British cops
9kK-h6q288c-00147-00059691-00060176 everywhere I know yment you doing imma
9kK-h6q288c-00148-00060177-00061016 cheer oh yeah you have air these cops
9kK-h6q288c-00149-00061016-00061595 out here in the main corridor you say
9kK-h6q288c-00150-00061596-00061895 any thought of that one yeah I mean the
9kK-h6q288c-00151-00061896-00062879 ones that are tied down on living you've
9kK-h6q288c-00152-00062879-00063217 got the drill perks right yeah i throw
9kK-h6q288c-00153-00063219-00063973 over oh no that's what
9kK-h6q288c-00154-00063974-00064622 300 seconds it says wait quite lapsed
9kK-h6q288c-00155-00064623-00064916 assigns really hadn't is quite nice to
9kK-h6q288c-00156-00064916-00065088 sign for me
9kK-h6q288c-00157-00065089-00065945 it isn't
9kK-h6q288c-00158-00065946-00066153 see why he knows I can just hold down
9kK-h6q288c-00159-00066154-00066546 like just everywhere I can't I can't
9kK-h6q288c-00160-00066547-00067308 convert that one because you're too all
9kK-h6q288c-00161-00067309-00067524 right they've got police outside quite a
9kK-h6q288c-00162-00067525-00067970 cloaca the way i can hit my targets
9kK-h6q288c-00163-00067971-00068597 techno oh I missing whooping oh ok i
9kK-h6q288c-00164-00068598-00068826 worked in Las the police i felt i was
9kK-h6q288c-00165-00068827-00069021 missing ya know there are tons of
9kK-h6q288c-00166-00069022-00069545 amazing I'll drop says never oh yeah
9kK-h6q288c-00167-00069546-00069765 having no site is really annoying by the
9kK-h6q288c-00168-00069766-00069921 way that's why so just for the laser on
9kK-h6q288c-00169-00069922-00070238 it hasn't got a laser on it exactly I
9kK-h6q288c-00170-00070239-00070515 don't have the later yeah that's a
9kK-h6q288c-00171-00070516-00070733 problem matthew lyzen week you should
9kK-h6q288c-00172-00070734-00071624 not be using a lmg without a
9kK-h6q288c-00173-00071625-00071915 but Christmas for someone who normally
9kK-h6q288c-00174-00071916-00072509 hood i miss you i love it when they the
9kK-h6q288c-00175-00072510-00072764 cloak is charging you and they do crouch
9kK-h6q288c-00176-00072765-00073946 walk ah
9kK-h6q288c-00177-00073947-00074269 Oh
9kK-h6q288c-00178-00074270-00074506 it's hopefully this one is you long
9kK-h6q288c-00179-00074507-00076353 enough
9kK-h6q288c-00180-00076354-00077183 Oh
9kK-h6q288c-00181-00077184-00077447 no I'm being very shameful this
9kK-h6q288c-00182-00077448-00077848 I'm missing a lot of shots
9kK-h6q288c-00183-00077849-00078313 I'll just want to shoot him I am the one
9kK-h6q288c-00184-00078314-00078712 just good but so the whole you you had
9kK-h6q288c-00185-00078713-00079351 the whole corridor over it yes basically
9kK-h6q288c-00186-00079352-00080112 in t three messages
9kK-h6q288c-00187-00080113-00081147 like a laugh yeah I got me trying to go
9kK-h6q288c-00188-00081148-00081516 I have got a cloaca on my backside
9kK-h6q288c-00189-00081517-00081840 that's right go on that one yeah that
9kK-h6q288c-00190-00081841-00082090 one how do you see my health recently I
9kK-h6q288c-00191-00082091-00082407 get intro yeah do you have any health
9kK-h6q288c-00192-00082408-00083171 regen Pertex Bullpups use them any med
9kK-h6q288c-00193-00083172-00083580 well that's unfortunate how much of your
9kK-h6q288c-00194-00083581-00084030 there are 3 i'm going to say you're
9kK-h6q288c-00195-00084031-00084281 going to be okay for one more will you
9kK-h6q288c-00196-00084282-00084587 be lying I could be lying the trance of
9kK-h6q288c-00197-00084588-00084873 your ground not there are two police
9kK-h6q288c-00198-00084874-00085029 over here which I'd like you to convert
9kK-h6q288c-00199-00085030-00085674 i will have ended on the drum mouth oh
9kK-h6q288c-00200-00085675-00086212 my god I again oh no the outside on the
9kK-h6q288c-00201-00086213-00086501 outside yeah but like they're lighting
9kK-h6q288c-00202-00086502-00086780 the camping the drill miles all right
9kK-h6q288c-00203-00086781-00086966 I'll get the drill you get the police I
9kK-h6q288c-00204-00086967-00087221 would
9kK-h6q288c-00205-00087222-00087659 I see I get fast reloading for like how
9kK-h6q288c-00206-00087660-00088235 many seconds don't you have like the
9kK-h6q288c-00207-00088236-00090276 dinelli restart does oh my god
9kK-h6q288c-00208-00090277-00091171 all right like I'm in a bad place
9kK-h6q288c-00209-00091172-00091532 can I can't make a statement whatsoever
9kK-h6q288c-00210-00091533-00091727 we try to move the LMGs are positively
9kK-h6q288c-00211-00091728-00092267 shocking all right next heist are losing
9kK-h6q288c-00212-00092268-00092611 energy although that's a lie because
9kK-h6q288c-00213-00092612-00093079 I'll actually using with this
9kK-h6q288c-00214-00093080-00093337 all right throw you up they free the
9kK-h6q288c-00215-00093338-00094435 police kick move it come
9kK-h6q288c-00216-00094436-00094921 what all the way this week behind the
9kK-h6q288c-00217-00094922-00095059 drill there two of them on top of each
9kK-h6q288c-00218-00095060-00095449 other get them both they're pretty much
9kK-h6q288c-00219-00095450-00095753 bulletproof
9kK-h6q288c-00220-00095754-00096025 I didn't get the drill well you got you
9kK-h6q288c-00221-00096026-00096607 I did you hear a voice on I hear very
9kK-h6q288c-00222-00096608-00097474 specially careful but I roof real
9kK-h6q288c-00223-00097475-00097831 question is what your get accuracy and
9kK-h6q288c-00224-00097832-00098042 kills but behind the mine y'all don't
9kK-h6q288c-00225-00098043-00098837 worry about it won't ya the water law
9kK-h6q288c-00226-00098838-00099410 because smokers may be better if I just
9kK-h6q288c-00227-00099411-00099584 sit if I should if I single shot my
9kK-h6q288c-00228-00099585-00099986 weapon possibly then you might just
9kK-h6q288c-00229-00099987-00100172 start doing well maybe looked bad yeah
9kK-h6q288c-00230-00100173-00100535 see that's the thing come on I just want
9kK-h6q288c-00231-00100536-00100754 at him getting people up there as what I
9kK-h6q288c-00232-00100755-00101141 did why you don't get Emma back it's a
9kK-h6q288c-00233-00101142-00101429 good shower practice got only has 20
9kK-h6q288c-00234-00101430-00101680 millas in it which is about tragic look
9kK-h6q288c-00235-00101681-00102118 at your OMG yeah it looks like an AK
9kK-h6q288c-00236-00102119-00102783 green Claudia
9kK-h6q288c-00237-00102784-00103477 oh you shot it yes I did
9kK-h6q288c-00238-00103478-00103698 I should I here actually at this point
9kK-h6q288c-00239-00103699-00104068 you made you better no no no don't worry
9kK-h6q288c-00240-00104069-00104296 about it man seriously although you pull
9kK-h6q288c-00241-00104297-00104470 the arm down sights at this point yeah
9kK-h6q288c-00242-00104471-00104599 like when I say don't worry about it i
9kK-h6q288c-00243-00104600-00106191 mean
9kK-h6q288c-00244-00106192-00106380 see I very little am I left and I don't
9kK-h6q288c-00245-00106381-00106722 know why which is you're wasted I'm a
9kK-h6q288c-00246-00106723-00107016 maximum I can't kill a demo a closed off
9kK-h6q288c-00247-00107017-00107135 the corpses of your enemies it doesn't
9kK-h6q288c-00248-00107136-00107958 work though Lil red boxes
9kK-h6q288c-00249-00107958-00108778 luckily they cloaked you know what to do
9kK-h6q288c-00250-00108779-00109040 the village haven't for watching the
9kK-h6q288c-00251-00109041-00109620 drill
9kK-h6q288c-00252-00109621-00110121 I'll upgrade yeah the lockpick skills
9kK-h6q288c-00253-00110122-00110582 yeah probably I've got some great great
9kK-h6q288c-00254-00110583-00110933 great gameplay for you what I even a lot
9kK-h6q288c-00255-00110934-00111165 yes see now it's any one hundred and
9kK-h6q288c-00256-00111166-00111936 forty seconds
9kK-h6q288c-00257-00111938-00112204 I doubt that you do get a lot of making
9kK-h6q288c-00258-00112205-00112485 sense what how do you mean that is
9kK-h6q288c-00259-00112486-00112651 either thing I thought I know I don't
9kK-h6q288c-00260-00112652-00112858 have one thinking skills yeah so
9kK-h6q288c-00261-00112858-00113206 therefore i darted after you and it will
9kK-h6q288c-00262-00113207-00113392 select what the same time okay well I've
9kK-h6q288c-00263-00113393-00113575 got well i just took five sounds that
9kK-h6q288c-00264-00113576-00114274 one good i got three to 11 okay who
9kK-h6q288c-00265-00114275-00114609 cares about the drill her these looking
9kK-h6q288c-00266-00114610-00115201 sing to me your straps slightly just
9kK-h6q288c-00267-00115202-00115726 before mine yeah there's no bot picking
9kK-h6q288c-00268-00115727-00115948 skills but oh i thought my luck picking
9kK-h6q288c-00269-00115949-00116361 skills you make can you lock pick what
9kK-h6q288c-00270-00116363-00116899 I've been I was in than one tap the one
9kK-h6q288c-00271-00116900-00117309 tabs reader should be killing these guys
9kK-h6q288c-00272-00117310-00117552 they can't get the Bliss back
9kK-h6q288c-00273-00117553-00118102 therefore it is waste and this is hope
9kK-h6q288c-00274-00118103-00118508 of a pro ala hoarder
9kK-h6q288c-00275-00118509-00118726 see I have an LMG but I don't want to
9kK-h6q288c-00276-00118727-00118986 use it it's really good just need to
9kK-h6q288c-00277-00118988-00120188 deploy it oh and put over the side
9kK-h6q288c-00278-00120189-00121116 oh I'm short my friend
9kK-h6q288c-00279-00121117-00121538 I've got sniped so bad oh well that's
9kK-h6q288c-00280-00121539-00121891 unfortunate yeah we still doubt you
9kK-h6q288c-00281-00121892-00122359 great now no oh no no no no you should
9kK-h6q288c-00282-00122360-00122578 have done that because I kill I killed
9kK-h6q288c-00283-00122579-00122732 someone and it said press jump to get up
9kK-h6q288c-00284-00122733-00123102 oh but you know has one charge per hi
9kK-h6q288c-00285-00123103-00123328 Chloe nice watch was / bed back here
9kK-h6q288c-00286-00123329-00123722 plus I surely did it no no my video just
9kK-h6q288c-00287-00123723-00123903 saw that I killed the sky in shock no mo
9kK-h6q288c-00288-00123904-00124376 do don't always it's something you lied
9kK-h6q288c-00289-00124377-00124726 to me no you kill like a group really
9kK-h6q288c-00290-00124727-00124958 efficiently but you have two weapons and
9kK-h6q288c-00291-00124958-00125081 your foolish that we were down there
9kK-h6q288c-00292-00125082-00125231 okay efficient does not match this
9kK-h6q288c-00293-00125232-00125578 gameplay well let's fishing does not
9kK-h6q288c-00294-00125579-00125945 match this gameplay okay how is the
9kK-h6q288c-00295-00125946-00126289 oldest blue maxima cloaca I'm out a few
9kK-h6q288c-00296-00126290-00127019 hundred I thought oh oh oh I found the
9kK-h6q288c-00297-00127020-00127169 best sara is running up and down the
9kK-h6q288c-00298-00127170-00127683 main corridor who's over here Ellen
9kK-h6q288c-00299-00127684-00127973 perhaps you get the part where every six
9kK-h6q288c-00300-00127974-00128158 police officers drop some extra ammo
9kK-h6q288c-00301-00128159-00128602 back Bobby light box 10 seconds pals
9kK-h6q288c-00302-00128603-00128820 come
9kK-h6q288c-00303-00128821-00129311 I'm very a few MOS right now the I have
9kK-h6q288c-00304-00129313-00130301 very lost bummer yep too soon captain's
9kK-h6q288c-00305-00130302-00130503 lake by the cap so I don't go and get
9kK-h6q288c-00306-00130504-00130883 money mo even he could this Emma boy
9kK-h6q288c-00307-00130884-00131870 yeah no oh no oh no is the captain
9kK-h6q288c-00308-00131871-00132210 where's the captain
9kK-h6q288c-00309-00132211-00132653 oh I totally forgot that I move faster
9kK-h6q288c-00310-00132654-00132837 was Miami great my foot my arm embrace
9kK-h6q288c-00311-00132838-00133546 Mahama brakes
9kK-h6q288c-00312-00133547-00134673 what am I made a down let my me look
9kK-h6q288c-00313-00134674-00135758 kilometers
9kK-h6q288c-00314-00135759-00135979 the reloading time of this lmg actually
9kK-h6q288c-00315-00135980-00136310 kills me yeah it's not all obviously the
9kK-h6q288c-00316-00136311-00136931 buzz saw as a longboard
9kK-h6q288c-00317-00136932-00137432 I have 17 billows all right you go into
9kK-h6q288c-00318-00137433-00137804 that
9kK-h6q288c-00319-00137805-00138260 ooh what's that again for what sensibly
9kK-h6q288c-00320-00138261-00138530 go to the MMA I don't know where it is I
9kK-h6q288c-00321-00138531-00138992 can't see anyone I found it he says one
9kK-h6q288c-00322-00138993-00139748 tapping with his AK as he goes we go you
9kK-h6q288c-00323-00139749-00140606 put the capsule Oh
9kK-h6q288c-00324-00140607-00140849 is that a captain highlighted nowhere is
9kK-h6q288c-00325-00140850-00140996 it though that's what for shields but
9kK-h6q288c-00326-00140997-00141257 yeah that's real connection is the P was
9kK-h6q288c-00327-00141258-00142109 at the other end this with your pain
9kK-h6q288c-00328-00142110-00142322 you java looks me if you want don't get
9kK-h6q288c-00329-00142323-00143145 too close
9kK-h6q288c-00330-00143146-00143494 yeah I'm so sorry Josh
9kK-h6q288c-00331-00143495-00144050 raja create terribly Chris for three I
9kK-h6q288c-00332-00144051-00144259 don't know did nothing it work killer
9kK-h6q288c-00333-00144260-00144449 because the shields were pretty much
9kK-h6q288c-00334-00144450-00144932 market if you don't wild so they turn
9kK-h6q288c-00335-00144933-00145165 their shields that's the rubbish
9kK-h6q288c-00336-00145166-00145588 Veronica killer they turn their shields
9kK-h6q288c-00337-00145589-00145856 sure to go kill him and they grabbed
9kK-h6q288c-00338-00145857-00146120 another grenade they turn their shields
9kK-h6q288c-00339-00146121-00146613 humble yeah
9kK-h6q288c-00340-00146614-00147477 but what I wish I get her a good night
9kK-h6q288c-00341-00147478-00147739 well I made a Baptist made it I made a
9kK-h6q288c-00342-00147740-00148429 bad decision
9kK-h6q288c-00343-00148430-00149116 Oh Helen if you saw that no I have the
9kK-h6q288c-00344-00149117-00149527 ability where I can stagger shield by
9kK-h6q288c-00345-00149528-00150028 shooting really so I can stagger on the
9kK-h6q288c-00346-00150029-00150472 winter shoe
9kK-h6q288c-00347-00150473-00151283 we got the lost really bad I haven't not
9kK-h6q288c-00348-00151284-00151773 yet anyway
9kK-h6q288c-00349-00151774-00152250 by the way do you know why my sprays why
9kK-h6q288c-00350-00152251-00152603 my um here actually is gonna be awful
9kK-h6q288c-00351-00152604-00152879 the concept of sunbury raining with an
9kK-h6q288c-00352-00152880-00153669 lmg but when we're going we escaped into
9kK-h6q288c-00353-00153670-00153993 that widow or yes it's someone when you
9kK-h6q288c-00354-00153994-00154104 should flip in the head and just
9kK-h6q288c-00355-00154105-00155292 diameter
9kK-h6q288c-00356-00155293-00155556 I'll find my own way out don't mind me
9kK-h6q288c-00357-00155557-00155773 that I don't like that way I've just
9kK-h6q288c-00358-00155774-00156412 tried to go about bad way you there but
9kK-h6q288c-00359-00156413-00156672 there's posible para possibly i might
9kK-h6q288c-00360-00156673-00157181 not be
9kK-h6q288c-00361-00157182-00157665 right well I'm okay all means more
9kK-h6q288c-00362-00157666-00157839 congratulation thank you that happens
9kK-h6q288c-00363-00157840-00158064 look guys thank you very much watching
9kK-h6q288c-00364-00158065-00158268 this episode I will never ever be using
9kK-h6q288c-00365-00158269-00158505 the lmg again because it's just well I
9kK-h6q288c-00366-00158506-00158664 can't use it which is the problem I've
9kK-h6q288c-00367-00158665-00158802 got a laser sight on it thanks for
9kK-h6q288c-00368-00158803-00159459 watching election day we did I did
9kK-h6q288c-00369-00159460-00159642 poorly I want to see the crew starts on
9kK-h6q288c-00370-00159643-00159990 the first one stats yeah well yeah well
9kK-h6q288c-00371-00159991-00160266 yeah personal status I want to see my
9kK-h6q288c-00372-00160267-00160653 personal status do you too don't you I
9kK-h6q288c-00373-00160654-00161175 did yeah you do don't you um I had a
9kK-h6q288c-00374-00161176-00161529 body count of fifty fifty foot even
9kK-h6q288c-00375-00161530-00161832 close I 32 head shots which is decent
9kK-h6q288c-00376-00161833-00162150 outlets 54 I got 80 specials apparently
9kK-h6q288c-00377-00162151-00162603 eight yeah yeah you're only 30 off yeah
9kK-h6q288c-00378-00162604-00162900 well and I got heat accuracy of thirteen
9kK-h6q288c-00379-00162901-00163272 percent 13 yes I thought I was doing bad
9kK-h6q288c-00380-00163273-00163665 with 81 oh no no no no but I did get a
9kK-h6q288c-00381-00163666-00163818 few double kills well thank you guys
9kK-h6q288c-00382-00163819-00163953 very much for watching I'll do this bit
9kK-h6q288c-00383-00163954-00164157 first right miles how many times have I
9kK-h6q288c-00384-00164158-00164480 said the left is bad that's left is best
9kK-h6q288c-00385-00164481-00164919 is that your little so left is left see
9kK-h6q288c-00386-00164920-00165434 ya world oh I shop out oh my god and
9kK-h6q288c-00387-00165435-00165705 just to rub it in they've given me
9kK-h6q288c-00388-00165706-00166014 another short barrel for the KSP 58 now
9kK-h6q288c-00389-00166015-00166119 thank you guys very much for watching
9kK-h6q288c-00390-00166120-00166335 the election day and we'll see you in
9kK-h6q288c-00391-00166336-00166620 the next video goodbye
9m13T5Nan8E-00000-00000008-00000115 uh
9m13T5Nan8E-00001-00000117-00000385 [Applause]
9m13T5Nan8E-00002-00000386-00002494 [Music]
9m13T5Nan8E-00003-00002495-00002540 [Applause]
9m13T5Nan8E-00005-00005544-00005752 you
9ngm0capFjU-00000-00002703-00003100 what is he using
9ngm0capFjU-00001-00003101-00003935 [Music]
9ngm0capFjU-00002-00003936-00005702 did you try um
9ngm0capFjU-00003-00005703-00006140 i don't know
9ngm0capFjU-00004-00006141-00006841 [Applause]
9ngm0capFjU-00005-00006842-00008551 [Applause]
9ngm0capFjU-00006-00008552-00010391 foreign
9ngm0capFjU-00007-00010392-00010591 oh my god i'm just getting hit by
9ngm0capFjU-00008-00010592-00012127 everything
9ngm0capFjU-00009-00012128-00013566 foreign
9ngm0capFjU-00010-00013568-00013863 are you streaming this
9ngm0capFjU-00011-00013863-00013999 uh
9ngm0capFjU-00012-00014000-00014255 i can't i can't watch this right now
9ngm0capFjU-00013-00014256-00015158 i'm busy with this guy he's annoying
9ngm0capFjU-00014-00015159-00015934 just die already man
9ngm0capFjU-00015-00015935-00016871 [Applause]
9ngm0capFjU-00016-00016872-00017822 oh
9ngm0capFjU-00017-00017823-00019452 foreign
9ngm0capFjU-00018-00019453-00020022 [Applause]
9ngm0capFjU-00019-00020023-00020139 tokyo
9ngm0capFjU-00020-00020140-00020653 [Music]
9ngm0capFjU-00021-00020654-00021567 [Applause]
9ngm0capFjU-00022-00021568-00022807 just killing him
9ngm0capFjU-00023-00022808-00023030 oh my god i'm so bad at fighting this
9ngm0capFjU-00024-00023031-00023214 guy's probably subscribing too he's
9ngm0capFjU-00025-00023215-00023894 taking so much damage
9ngm0capFjU-00026-00023895-00025563 oh i swear something
9ngm0capFjU-00027-00025564-00026343 [Applause]
9ngm0capFjU-00028-00026344-00027143 oh
9ngm0capFjU-00029-00027144-00028758 god
9ngm0capFjU-00030-00028760-00028935 oh no my heart's beating and i'm not
9ngm0capFjU-00031-00028936-00029335 even watching edward
9ngm0capFjU-00032-00029336-00030943 did you win
9ngm0capFjU-00033-00030944-00031111 wait what is he using i was using red
9ngm0capFjU-00034-00031112-00031495 hot chili pepper right
9ngm0capFjU-00035-00031495-00031783 oh i hope you stand
9ngm0capFjU-00036-00031783-00032239 you're also using lp stand up
9ngm0capFjU-00037-00032241-00034559 [Music]
9ngm0capFjU-00038-00034560-00034823 yes
9ngm0capFjU-00039-00034824-00037774 oh my god
9ngm0capFjU-00040-00037775-00037984 you
9na_fr2F9CQ-00000-00000829-00001106 okay great thank you all for joining us
9na_fr2F9CQ-00001-00001107-00001340 today it's great to have you with us for
9na_fr2F9CQ-00002-00001341-00001639 this webinar as we all know while access
9na_fr2F9CQ-00003-00001641-00001867 to improved water sources has increased
9na_fr2F9CQ-00004-00001868-00002054 across sub-saharan Africa in recent
9na_fr2F9CQ-00005-00002055-00002285 years concerns have been raised over the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00006-00002286-00002473 extent to which these water sources
9na_fr2F9CQ-00007-00002474-00002677 specifically hand-pump equipped bore
9na_fr2F9CQ-00008-00002678-00002933 holes able to provide a reliable and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00009-00002934-00003179 safe water supply in the medium to long
9na_fr2F9CQ-00010-00003180-00003503 term as I outlined in my recent blogs
9na_fr2F9CQ-00011-00003504-00003754 were looking to remedy these failures we
9na_fr2F9CQ-00012-00003755-00003911 must not only ensure that high quality
9na_fr2F9CQ-00013-00003911-00004109 operations and maintenance work is
9na_fr2F9CQ-00014-00004110-00004349 possible but we must also ensure that
9na_fr2F9CQ-00015-00004350-00004579 high quality bore holes are sited and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00016-00004580-00004810 drilled in the first instance
9na_fr2F9CQ-00017-00004811-00005086 Jeremy PhD I became very interested in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00018-00005087-00005285 understanding the latter and more
9na_fr2F9CQ-00019-00005286-00005461 specifically the factors that affect the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00020-00005462-00005707 quality of work conducted during citing
9na_fr2F9CQ-00021-00005708-00006100 and growing as a part of my PhD I spent
9na_fr2F9CQ-00022-00006101-00006314 time in Uganda researching the borehole
9na_fr2F9CQ-00023-00006315-00006500 siting in drilling processes in the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00024-00006501-00006706 country I was interested in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00025-00006708-00006898 understanding how the private sector
9na_fr2F9CQ-00026-00006900-00007117 operates how consultants and drilling
9na_fr2F9CQ-00027-00007118-00007360 contractors have recurred the contract
9na_fr2F9CQ-00028-00007361-00007508 types and the level of government
9na_fr2F9CQ-00029-00007509-00007691 support and community agencies and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00030-00007692-00007984 consultants and drilling contractors
9na_fr2F9CQ-00031-00007984-00008302 within this as particularly interested
9na_fr2F9CQ-00032-00008303-00008452 in understanding the ways in which these
9na_fr2F9CQ-00033-00008453-00008653 aspects affect the quality of work
9na_fr2F9CQ-00034-00008654-00008888 conducted during borehole exciting and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00035-00008889-00009212 drilling in this presentation I'll
9na_fr2F9CQ-00036-00009213-00009391 explain a few of the key findings from
9na_fr2F9CQ-00037-00009392-00009620 this research and outline the ways in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00038-00009621-00009778 which each are thought to be affecting
9na_fr2F9CQ-00039-00009779-00009946 the quality of the siting and drilling
9na_fr2F9CQ-00040-00009947-00010223 work in Uganda the aim of this
9na_fr2F9CQ-00041-00010224-00010427 presentation is not simply to present
9na_fr2F9CQ-00042-00010428-00010627 the case of Uganda but in generate
9na_fr2F9CQ-00043-00010628-00010849 discussion among us all firstly around
9na_fr2F9CQ-00044-00010850-00011045 the importance of high-quality siting in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00045-00011046-00011263 drilling work and secondly around the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00046-00011264-00011488 ways on which aspects such as contract
9na_fr2F9CQ-00047-00011489-00011752 type procurement processes access to the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00048-00011753-00011974 necessary data and private sector
9na_fr2F9CQ-00049-00011975-00012202 regulation can affect the quality of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00050-00012203-00012619 implementation I first want to talk
9na_fr2F9CQ-00051-00012620-00012841 about contract types and how the type of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00052-00012842-00012974 contract you use is thought to be
9na_fr2F9CQ-00053-00012975-00013151 affecting the quality of the siting and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00054-00013152-00013454 drilling work in Uganda as many of us
9na_fr2F9CQ-00055-00013455-00013613 will be aware drilling is often
9na_fr2F9CQ-00056-00013613-00013886 conducted under a BOQ contract or a
9na_fr2F9CQ-00057-00013887-00013994 turnkey con
9na_fr2F9CQ-00058-00013995-00014280 under a BOQ contract a consultant
9na_fr2F9CQ-00059-00014281-00014460 conducts this item work energy reloading
9na_fr2F9CQ-00060-00014461-00014714 drills because the consultant tells the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00061-00014715-00014883 driller which drill the driller is
9na_fr2F9CQ-00062-00014884-00015060 typically paid for the work down in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00063-00015061-00015263 materials used whether the borehole is
9na_fr2F9CQ-00064-00015265-00015436 successful or not
9na_fr2F9CQ-00065-00015437-00015741 conversely under a turnkey contract the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00066-00015741-00015897 driller is responsible for the sighting
9na_fr2F9CQ-00067-00015897-00016113 and drilling work if the borehole is
9na_fr2F9CQ-00068-00016113-00016328 successful the driller is typically paid
9na_fr2F9CQ-00069-00016329-00016521 a lump sum price that was specified in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00070-00016522-00016725 their contract regardless of the cost
9na_fr2F9CQ-00071-00016726-00016830 incurred on site
9na_fr2F9CQ-00072-00016831-00017069 if however the borehole is unsuccessful
9na_fr2F9CQ-00073-00017070-00017322 the dura is typically not paid at all as
9na_fr2F9CQ-00074-00017323-00017456 they were the ones responsible for
9na_fr2F9CQ-00075-00017457-00017705 siting the ball the latter is often
9na_fr2F9CQ-00076-00017706-00017928 referred to as a lump sum no water no
9na_fr2F9CQ-00077-00017929-00018400 pay contract up to the early 2000 BOQ
9na_fr2F9CQ-00078-00018401-00018608 contracts which are also known as a
9na_fr2F9CQ-00079-00018609-00018812 measurement contracts with a norm in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00080-00018813-00019100 Uganda in the mid-2000s however many
9na_fr2F9CQ-00081-00019101-00019272 district local government offices in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00082-00019273-00019455 NGOs notice that a number of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00083-00019456-00019605 unsuccessful bore holes were being
9na_fr2F9CQ-00084-00019606-00019778 drilled when consultants were conducting
9na_fr2F9CQ-00085-00019779-00020069 a sighting work unsuccessful bore holes
9na_fr2F9CQ-00086-00020070-00020247 were typically blamed on the quality of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00087-00020248-00020475 the consultants sighting work with
9na_fr2F9CQ-00088-00020476-00020667 briefcase consultants heaven flooded the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00089-00020668-00020997 market because of the low prices they
9na_fr2F9CQ-00090-00020998-00021147 offered coupled with a lack of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00091-00021148-00021344 regulation these consultants were
9na_fr2F9CQ-00092-00021345-00021644 gaining sighting contracts
9na_fr2F9CQ-00093-00021645-00021866 paying per BOQ for unsuccessful
9na_fr2F9CQ-00094-00021867-00022091 boreholes however was challenging as a
9na_fr2F9CQ-00095-00022092-00022294 result many district local government
9na_fr2F9CQ-00096-00022295-00022525 officers and NGOs move to turn key
9na_fr2F9CQ-00097-00022526-00022750 contracts as doing so mean they would no
9na_fr2F9CQ-00098-00022751-00023021 longer have to procure the consultant
9na_fr2F9CQ-00099-00023022-00023144 and they would no longer have to
9na_fr2F9CQ-00100-00023145-00023505 directly pay for unsuccessful boreholes
9na_fr2F9CQ-00101-00023506-00023747 during my research I found a number of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00102-00023748-00023942 implemented agencies a using turnkey
9na_fr2F9CQ-00103-00023943-00024239 contract during my time in Edina for
9na_fr2F9CQ-00104-00024240-00024497 example I interviewed 29 implementing
9na_fr2F9CQ-00105-00024498-00024938 agencies 26 of these 29 were procuring
9na_fr2F9CQ-00106-00024939-00025055 the private sector for the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00107-00025056-00025403 implementation work and 19 of these 26
9na_fr2F9CQ-00108-00025404-00025667 were using turnkey contracts for the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00109-00025668-00025889 siting and drilling work and paying the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00110-00025889-00026156 driller by lump sum no water and no pay
9na_fr2F9CQ-00111-00026157-00026405 payment terms the remaining seven
9na_fr2F9CQ-00112-00026406-00026627 implementing agencies were using voq
9na_fr2F9CQ-00113-00026627-00027133 contracts while donkey contracts have
9na_fr2F9CQ-00114-00027135-00027333 simplified the procurement process and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00115-00027335-00027565 contract management process in Uganda
9na_fr2F9CQ-00116-00027566-00027764 cyril Constanza raised among those
9na_fr2F9CQ-00117-00027764-00027974 interviewed around the quality of work
9na_fr2F9CQ-00118-00027975-00028226 that is conducted when these contracts
9na_fr2F9CQ-00119-00028227-00028544 are used many of these concerns seem
9na_fr2F9CQ-00120-00028545-00028739 from the lump sum no water and low pay
9na_fr2F9CQ-00121-00028739-00029039 payment ins there were reports for
9na_fr2F9CQ-00122-00029039-00029264 example of boreholes being sited in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00123-00029264-00029429 areas where the driller is guaranteed to
9na_fr2F9CQ-00124-00029430-00029708 find water for example and valley areas
9na_fr2F9CQ-00125-00029708-00029987 near swamps and near rivers as doing so
9na_fr2F9CQ-00126-00029988-00030236 ensures that they'll be paid while this
9na_fr2F9CQ-00127-00030237-00030311 makes sense
9na_fr2F9CQ-00128-00030312-00030506 such areas of prone to pollution in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00129-00030507-00030689 community access problems in the rainy
9na_fr2F9CQ-00130-00030689-00030935 month there were also reports of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00131-00030936-00031106 drillers taking shortcuts on site in an
9na_fr2F9CQ-00132-00031107-00031310 attempt to save money and help recover
9na_fr2F9CQ-00133-00031311-00031483 the losses from the unsuccessful bore
9na_fr2F9CQ-00134-00031485-00031730 holes they weren't pay for the short
9na_fr2F9CQ-00135-00031731-00031925 cuts reported including using low
9na_fr2F9CQ-00136-00031926-00032150 quality or hydrogeological e in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00137-00032151-00032383 appropriate materials for example GI
9na_fr2F9CQ-00138-00032384-00032582 rising mains rather than stainless steel
9na_fr2F9CQ-00139-00032583-00032885 or uPVC in an acidic ground modular
9na_fr2F9CQ-00140-00032886-00033152 areas or stopping drilling at the first
9na_fr2F9CQ-00141-00033153-00033506 water strike they were also reports of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00142-00033507-00033719 gorillas skewing the pump tostada or
9na_fr2F9CQ-00143-00033720-00033896 cutting the pump this time short in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00144-00033897-00034133 order to Maslow yell and insights they
9na_fr2F9CQ-00145-00034134-00034442 otherwise wouldn't be paid for
9na_fr2F9CQ-00146-00034443-00034629 while many of these shortcuts could be
9na_fr2F9CQ-00147-00034630-00034829 prevented if there is adequate to the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00148-00034830-00035117 vision on say full-time supervision by a
9na_fr2F9CQ-00149-00035118-00035441 trained hydrogeology hydrogeologist was
9na_fr2F9CQ-00150-00035442-00035633 found to be rare winter in key contracts
9na_fr2F9CQ-00151-00035634-00035930 are used furthermore the need for
9na_fr2F9CQ-00152-00035931-00036098 drilling contractors to take the above
9na_fr2F9CQ-00153-00036099-00036338 shortcuts is exacerbated by the fact
9na_fr2F9CQ-00154-00036339-00036542 that in many cases the lump sum price
9na_fr2F9CQ-00155-00036543-00036788 gorillas are paid for unsuccessful for
9na_fr2F9CQ-00156-00036789-00036992 holes is reportedly too low enough
9na_fr2F9CQ-00157-00036993-00037235 distances with practice having remained
9na_fr2F9CQ-00158-00037236-00037573 relatively stable over the last 10 years
9na_fr2F9CQ-00159-00037574-00037826 the quality of work issues mentioned
9na_fr2F9CQ-00160-00037827-00038033 here lived the Ministry of water and the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00161-00038034-00038229 environment to release a directive in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00162-00038230-00038489 January 2017 discouraging the use of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00163-00038490-00038711 turnkey contracts however at the time
9na_fr2F9CQ-00164-00038712-00038933 that I conducted this research a few
9na_fr2F9CQ-00165-00038934-00039098 months after this directive wasn't
9na_fr2F9CQ-00166-00039099-00039281 issued the majority of the information
9na_fr2F9CQ-00167-00039282-00039482 agencies are interviewed we're still
9na_fr2F9CQ-00168-00039483-00039815 using turnkey contracts moving on in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00169-00039816-00040073 addition to contract type the skill set
9na_fr2F9CQ-00170-00040074-00040292 of those conducting the sighting and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00171-00040293-00040451 drilling work is also important when
9na_fr2F9CQ-00172-00040452-00040643 considering the quality of the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00173-00040644-00040925 implementation worth while Uganda has a
9na_fr2F9CQ-00174-00040926-00041148 stable consultancy and drilling sector
9na_fr2F9CQ-00175-00041149-00041561 with over 65 licensed consultants and 40
9na_fr2F9CQ-00176-00041562-00041768 licensed drillers some of the most
9na_fr2F9CQ-00177-00041769-00041954 experienced consultants and drilling
9na_fr2F9CQ-00178-00041955-00042125 contractors that I interviewed while I
9na_fr2F9CQ-00179-00042126-00042389 was in Uganda and no longer willing to
9na_fr2F9CQ-00180-00042390-00042566 bid for district local government
9na_fr2F9CQ-00181-00042567-00042899 contracts when I ask these consultants
9na_fr2F9CQ-00182-00042900-00043124 and drilling contractors are why they
9na_fr2F9CQ-00183-00043125-00043346 are no longer willing to work for
9na_fr2F9CQ-00184-00043347-00043658 districts for issues were noted all of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00185-00043659-00043850 which stem from the district procurement
9na_fr2F9CQ-00186-00043851-00044258 and contract management processes there
9na_fr2F9CQ-00187-00044259-00044522 is firstly the issue of price a number
9na_fr2F9CQ-00188-00044523-00044666 of the consultants and drillers
9na_fr2F9CQ-00189-00044667-00044990 interviewed a dissatisfied with the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00190-00044991-00045182 prices that districts are willing to pay
9na_fr2F9CQ-00191-00045183-00045524 compared to that of NGOs the consultants
9na_fr2F9CQ-00192-00045525-00045737 interviewed for example stated their
9na_fr2F9CQ-00193-00045738-00045926 districts are typically willing to pay 1
9na_fr2F9CQ-00194-00045927-00046169 to 2 million shillings for citing and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00195-00046170-00046388 supervision while NGOs are typically
9na_fr2F9CQ-00196-00046389-00046682 willing to pay 2.5 to 3.5 million
9na_fr2F9CQ-00197-00046683-00046973 shillings for the same work the price
9na_fr2F9CQ-00198-00046974-00047120 districts are willing to pay is
9na_fr2F9CQ-00199-00047121-00047408 reportedly not realistic and as a result
9na_fr2F9CQ-00200-00047409-00047561 these consultants would have to take
9na_fr2F9CQ-00201-00047562-00047758 shortcuts in the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00202-00047759-00048032 the same issues were reported among the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00203-00048033-00048221 drillers who are no longer willing to
9na_fr2F9CQ-00204-00048222-00048560 work for districts these consultants and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00205-00048561-00048734 relays reported they're not willing to
9na_fr2F9CQ-00206-00048735-00048977 take shut take shortcuts in their work
9na_fr2F9CQ-00207-00048978-00049196 as they don't believe that this is fair
9na_fr2F9CQ-00208-00049197-00049388 for communities and they don't want to
9na_fr2F9CQ-00209-00049389-00049562 tarnish the reputation of their
9na_fr2F9CQ-00210-00049563-00049928 companies secondly a number of the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00211-00049929-00050117 districts they interviewed and misusing
9na_fr2F9CQ-00212-00050118-00050351 the lump sum no water and no pay payment
9na_fr2F9CQ-00213-00050352-00050639 terms I mentioned earlier as I explained
9na_fr2F9CQ-00214-00050640-00050918 if a borehole is successful the driller
9na_fr2F9CQ-00215-00050919-00051169 should be paid the full lump sum price
9na_fr2F9CQ-00216-00051170-00051401 however a number of districts
9na_fr2F9CQ-00217-00051402-00051580 interviewed are only paying for the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00218-00051582-00051800 actual work done in materials used when
9na_fr2F9CQ-00219-00051801-00052085 the borehole is successful without full
9na_fr2F9CQ-00220-00052086-00052333 lump sum payment however jalisa on a
9na_fr2F9CQ-00221-00052334-00052491 water recover for the losses from
9na_fr2F9CQ-00222-00052492-00052705 unsuccessful bore holes that they were
9na_fr2F9CQ-00223-00052707-00053147 not paid for deadly demands for bribes
9na_fr2F9CQ-00224-00053148-00053341 are reportedly commonly in bidding for
9na_fr2F9CQ-00225-00053342-00053612 district contracts when a bribe needs to
9na_fr2F9CQ-00226-00053613-00053807 be paid consultants and drillers
9na_fr2F9CQ-00227-00053808-00054067 struggle to account for this cost if
9na_fr2F9CQ-00228-00054069-00054254 they account for this cost in their
9na_fr2F9CQ-00229-00054254-00054527 quote the quote will be too high and as
9na_fr2F9CQ-00230-00054528-00054724 a result they will not win the contract
9na_fr2F9CQ-00231-00054725-00054991 if however they do not account for the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00232-00054992-00055262 press of the bribe in their quote the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00233-00055263-00055412 consultant or driller will need to
9na_fr2F9CQ-00234-00055413-00055658 recover this cost at some stage usually
9na_fr2F9CQ-00235-00055659-00055904 through taking shortcuts on site and as
9na_fr2F9CQ-00236-00055904-00056108 I mentioned earlier these consultants
9na_fr2F9CQ-00237-00056109-00056266 and drillers are simply not willing to
9na_fr2F9CQ-00238-00056267-00056699 do so lastly receiving a full payment
9na_fr2F9CQ-00239-00056700-00056866 for districts from districts for
9na_fr2F9CQ-00240-00056867-00057053 completed works can reportedly be
9na_fr2F9CQ-00241-00057054-00057266 challenging with several drillers
9na_fr2F9CQ-00242-00057266-00057458 reporting there in some cases they had
9na_fr2F9CQ-00243-00057459-00057623 to wait over a year to receive their
9na_fr2F9CQ-00244-00057624-00057845 full payment this makes business
9na_fr2F9CQ-00245-00057846-00058097 difficult it is much easier to only work
9na_fr2F9CQ-00246-00058098-00058432 for NGOs who are known for pain on time
9na_fr2F9CQ-00247-00058433-00058670 what was interesting during my research
9na_fr2F9CQ-00248-00058671-00058847 is that I found that some districts are
9na_fr2F9CQ-00249-00058848-00059005 now beginning to notice that certain
9na_fr2F9CQ-00250-00059007-00059186 consultants and guerrillas have stopped
9na_fr2F9CQ-00251-00059187-00059399 bidding for their work and are now
9na_fr2F9CQ-00252-00059400-00059530 worried about the quality of work that
9na_fr2F9CQ-00253-00059532-00059755 was being conducted by those who do good
9na_fr2F9CQ-00254-00059757-00060023 for the contracts one district water
9na_fr2F9CQ-00255-00060024-00060257 officer for example reported they have
9na_fr2F9CQ-00256-00060258-00060437 lost some really good drillers in recent
9na_fr2F9CQ-00257-00060438-00060620 years because the serious drillers
9na_fr2F9CQ-00258-00060621-00060911 prefer to work for NGOs as NGOs and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00259-00060912-00061009 known for being what
9na_fr2F9CQ-00260-00061010-00061216 transparent have obtained a sufficient
9na_fr2F9CQ-00261-00061216-00061392 amount of money for the work that needs
9na_fr2F9CQ-00262-00061394-00061690 to be done this district water officer
9na_fr2F9CQ-00263-00061691-00061854 went on to explain that he is a
9na_fr2F9CQ-00264-00061855-00062157 technical person we prefer to hire these
9na_fr2F9CQ-00265-00062158-00062386 more experienced and more serious
9na_fr2F9CQ-00266-00062387-00062596 drillers but it was hard to pay them the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00267-00062597-00062848 same race as the NGOs do because they
9na_fr2F9CQ-00268-00062849-00063279 don't want the district to lose money
9na_fr2F9CQ-00269-00063279-00063504 moving on the final two points I'd like
9na_fr2F9CQ-00270-00063505-00063729 to discuss the Uganda are really
9na_fr2F9CQ-00271-00063730-00063891 positive the first is that of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00272-00063892-00064149 groundwater data as many of you'll be
9na_fr2F9CQ-00273-00064150-00064338 aware access to detailed and accurate
9na_fr2F9CQ-00274-00064339-00064542 groundwater information can greatly aid
9na_fr2F9CQ-00275-00064544-00064713 the siting in borehole design and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00276-00064714-00064891 therefore the overall quality of the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00277-00064891-00065142 water point significant steps have been
9na_fr2F9CQ-00278-00065144-00065424 taken in recent years to increase access
9na_fr2F9CQ-00279-00065425-00065667 to detailed groundwater data in Uganda
9na_fr2F9CQ-00280-00065668-00065919 much of this began in 2000 when the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00281-00065920-00066069 director of water resources and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00282-00066070-00066346 management began an ash nationwide
9na_fr2F9CQ-00283-00066347-00066679 groundwater mapping project using data
9na_fr2F9CQ-00284-00066680-00066880 from the borehole completion reports
9na_fr2F9CQ-00285-00066881-00067021 their drilling contractors are required
9na_fr2F9CQ-00286-00067022-00067312 to submit every quarter DWR M has
9na_fr2F9CQ-00287-00067313-00067504 developed a series of maps for each
9na_fr2F9CQ-00288-00067505-00067857 district these include recommended water
9na_fr2F9CQ-00289-00067858-00068151 source technology map a Hydra geological
9na_fr2F9CQ-00290-00068152-00068329 condition map the groundwater quality
9na_fr2F9CQ-00291-00068330-00068568 map and a ground water potential map
9na_fr2F9CQ-00292-00068569-00068835 which estimates drilling success rates
9na_fr2F9CQ-00293-00068836-00069080 there are other maps alongside this
9na_fr2F9CQ-00294-00069081-00069334 however this slide here shows the ground
9na_fr2F9CQ-00295-00069335-00069599 water potential map but Cabala district
9na_fr2F9CQ-00296-00069600-00069841 the magnitude of these maps and the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00297-00069842-00070003 level of detail they capture is
9na_fr2F9CQ-00298-00070004-00070200 remarkable these maps have become a
9na_fr2F9CQ-00299-00070201-00070342 great asset for district local
9na_fr2F9CQ-00300-00070343-00070587 governments NGOs and others responsible
9na_fr2F9CQ-00301-00070588-00070866 for water point siting and construction
9na_fr2F9CQ-00302-00070867-00071094 lastly in addition to the mapping
9na_fr2F9CQ-00303-00071095-00071382 efforts DW PRM has also strongly
9na_fr2F9CQ-00304-00071383-00071568 advocated for private sector regulation
9na_fr2F9CQ-00305-00071569-00071773 to increase the quality of the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00306-00071774-00072057 implementation work regulation efforts
9na_fr2F9CQ-00307-00072058-00072312 began in 1999 with the introduction of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00308-00072313-00072624 drilling contractor licences in addition
9na_fr2F9CQ-00309-00072625-00072817 to these drilling contractor licences in
9na_fr2F9CQ-00310-00072818-00073096 recent years DW RM recognized the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00311-00073097-00073362 essential need to extend this licensing
9na_fr2F9CQ-00312-00073363-00073630 system to consultants given the number
9na_fr2F9CQ-00313-00073631-00073849 of brief briefcase consultants in the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00314-00073850-00074157 country before consultant licensing was
9na_fr2F9CQ-00315-00074158-00074405 introduced when consultants pitted
9na_fr2F9CQ-00316-00074406-00074623 they're citing in a supervision work
9na_fr2F9CQ-00317-00074624-00074852 evaluation teams within implementing
9na_fr2F9CQ-00318-00074853-00075095 agencies often had no ax no way of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00319-00075096-00075326 identifying those who were truly
9na_fr2F9CQ-00320-00075327-00075554 qualified for this work and those whose
9na_fr2F9CQ-00321-00075555-00075902 bidding documents were fake poor quality
9na_fr2F9CQ-00322-00075903-00076163 work then proceeded as briefcase
9na_fr2F9CQ-00323-00076164-00076376 consultants began winning contracts and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00324-00076377-00076610 as I mentioned earlier this was one of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00325-00076611-00076766 the main reasons that a number of the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00326-00076767-00076955 implementing agencies that I interviewed
9na_fr2F9CQ-00327-00076956-00077198 turned to turnkey contracts in the
9na_fr2F9CQ-00328-00077199-00077579 mid-2000s to address this problem and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00329-00077580-00077812 provide guidance for evaluation teams
9na_fr2F9CQ-00330-00077813-00078086 DWR em started issuing consultant
9na_fr2F9CQ-00331-00078087-00078446 licenses in 2016 to gain a license
9na_fr2F9CQ-00332-00078447-00078650 consultants must submit the academic
9na_fr2F9CQ-00333-00078651-00078950 documents cv and an overview of past
9na_fr2F9CQ-00334-00078951-00079283 work they must also have hydrogeology
9na_fr2F9CQ-00335-00079284-00079532 specific qualifications the geology
9na_fr2F9CQ-00336-00079533-00079858 qualifications alone and not sufficient
9na_fr2F9CQ-00337-00079859-00080069 premises and equipment have been
9na_fr2F9CQ-00338-00080070-00080291 assessed in a practical assessment and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00339-00080292-00080609 interview are conducted this process has
9na_fr2F9CQ-00340-00080610-00080911 proved effective as by July 2018
9na_fr2F9CQ-00341-00080912-00081161 licenses have been issued to 65
9na_fr2F9CQ-00342-00081162-00081509 individuals and 15 firms it is hoped
9na_fr2F9CQ-00343-00081510-00081737 this new licensing system will increase
9na_fr2F9CQ-00344-00081738-00081917 confidence within confirming ten
9na_fr2F9CQ-00345-00081918-00082190 agencies in their consultant ability and
9na_fr2F9CQ-00346-00082191-00082415 they'll start to procure consultants
9na_fr2F9CQ-00347-00082416-00082658 again for the citing and the supervision
9na_fr2F9CQ-00348-00082659-00082988 work so as we can see from the results
9na_fr2F9CQ-00349-00082989-00083201 of this research there's a lot that we
9na_fr2F9CQ-00350-00083202-00083339 need to think about when looking to
9na_fr2F9CQ-00351-00083340-00083579 ensure that high quality implementation
9na_fr2F9CQ-00352-00083580-00083801 work is conducted during rural water
9na_fr2F9CQ-00353-00083802-00084125 supply projects is a lot that I wasn't
9na_fr2F9CQ-00354-00084126-00084290 able attached on this presentation that
9na_fr2F9CQ-00355-00084291-00084443 I'm sure that those of you attending
9na_fr2F9CQ-00356-00084444-00084878 will be able to contribute I hope this
9na_fr2F9CQ-00357-00084879-00085058 presentation is being useful for all of
9na_fr2F9CQ-00358-00085059-00085250 those listening and I'd now like to turn
9na_fr2F9CQ-00359-00085251-00085658 it back to the moderator thank you
a03OF0dHG0k-00000-00000012-00000031 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00001-00000032-00000290 oh
a03OF0dHG0k-00002-00000291-00001671 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00004-00008072-00008176 oh
a03OF0dHG0k-00005-00008177-00009439 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00006-00009440-00009744 so
a03OF0dHG0k-00007-00009745-00011167 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00008-00011168-00011559 what took you so long
a03OF0dHG0k-00009-00011560-00011655 all right
a03OF0dHG0k-00010-00011656-00011783 later
a03OF0dHG0k-00011-00011784-00011959 the situation got worse
a03OF0dHG0k-00012-00011960-00012223 nazis literally flooded the station
a03OF0dHG0k-00013-00012224-00012478 he'll have to act alone sorry
a03OF0dHG0k-00014-00012479-00012655 but if you can shut down their generator
a03OF0dHG0k-00015-00012656-00012910 it'll be easier to sneak past the guards
a03OF0dHG0k-00016-00012911-00013279 take this
a03OF0dHG0k-00017-00013280-00013422 i will wait for you in the deserted
a03OF0dHG0k-00018-00013423-00014221 tunnel to polish
a03OF0dHG0k-00019-00014222-00015847 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00020-00015847-00016055 how's your family
a03OF0dHG0k-00021-00016056-00016311 they miss their father yours i don't
a03OF0dHG0k-00022-00016312-00016567 know i haven't seen them for weeks
a03OF0dHG0k-00023-00016568-00016742 and now we're stuck here
a03OF0dHG0k-00024-00016743-00017255 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00025-00017256-00017415 who needs all that
a03OF0dHG0k-00026-00017416-00017535 uh-huh
a03OF0dHG0k-00027-00017536-00017711 and who is going to feed your children
a03OF0dHG0k-00028-00017712-00017807 huh
a03OF0dHG0k-00029-00017808-00018191 sturban fairer perhaps
a03OF0dHG0k-00030-00018192-00018511 what the life maybe get their families
a03OF0dHG0k-00031-00018512-00018783 and go to ganza
a03OF0dHG0k-00032-00018784-00018950 you know what happened to those who
a03OF0dHG0k-00033-00018951-00019294 tried
a03OF0dHG0k-00034-00019295-00019598 bastards
a03OF0dHG0k-00035-00019599-00021676 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00036-00021677-00023684 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00037-00023685-00023975 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00038-00023976-00024173 foreign
a03OF0dHG0k-00039-00024174-00024516 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00040-00024517-00024956 [Laughter]
a03OF0dHG0k-00041-00024957-00026311 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00042-00026312-00026712 do
a03OF0dHG0k-00043-00026713-00029462 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00044-00029463-00031362 one
a03OF0dHG0k-00045-00031363-00032879 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00046-00032880-00034943 um
a03OF0dHG0k-00047-00034944-00035246 i can't take this [__] much longer
a03OF0dHG0k-00048-00035247-00035471 i come on who's gonna fight for russian
a03OF0dHG0k-00049-00035472-00035687 purity in the home metro
a03OF0dHG0k-00050-00035688-00035895 i'm serious
a03OF0dHG0k-00051-00035896-00036143 so slack off a little kill and pillage
a03OF0dHG0k-00052-00036144-00036487 only on the holidays oh you're evil
a03OF0dHG0k-00053-00036488-00036815 me now an evil guy would volunteer for
a03OF0dHG0k-00054-00036816-00037079 an execution squad or be a commander or
a03OF0dHG0k-00055-00037080-00037359 something i'm a realist
a03OF0dHG0k-00056-00037360-00037559 sure you are
a03OF0dHG0k-00057-00037560-00037767 look the rest of the metro is sinking in
a03OF0dHG0k-00058-00037768-00038151 [__] but not us why because we have
a03OF0dHG0k-00059-00038152-00038415 order and if we don't force our will on
a03OF0dHG0k-00060-00038416-00038702 every station down the line it's [__]
a03OF0dHG0k-00061-00038703-00039030 doomsday don't you feel pity for people
a03OF0dHG0k-00062-00039031-00039404 it's too late for pity get used to it
a03OF0dHG0k-00063-00039405-00041415 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00064-00041416-00041753 gotta be careful
a03OF0dHG0k-00065-00041754-00042551 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00066-00042552-00043606 come on who's gonna fight for russian
a03OF0dHG0k-00067-00043607-00043854 [Laughter]
a03OF0dHG0k-00068-00043855-00045543 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00069-00045544-00047086 one
a03OF0dHG0k-00070-00047087-00048230 uh
a03OF0dHG0k-00071-00048231-00048535 i can't take this [__] much longer
a03OF0dHG0k-00072-00048536-00048758 i come on who's gonna fight for russian
a03OF0dHG0k-00073-00048759-00048974 purity in the home metro
a03OF0dHG0k-00074-00048975-00049183 i'm
a03OF0dHG0k-00075-00049184-00049430 so slack off a little kill a village
a03OF0dHG0k-00076-00049431-00049774 only on the holidays oh you're evil
a03OF0dHG0k-00077-00049775-00050102 me now an evil guy would volunteer for
a03OF0dHG0k-00078-00050103-00050367 an execution squad or be a commander or
a03OF0dHG0k-00079-00050368-00050646 something i'm a realist
a03OF0dHG0k-00080-00050647-00050846 sure you are
a03OF0dHG0k-00081-00050847-00051055 look the rest of the metro is sinking in
a03OF0dHG0k-00082-00051056-00051430 [__] but not us why because we have
a03OF0dHG0k-00083-00051432-00051702 order and if we don't force our will on
a03OF0dHG0k-00084-00051703-00051990 every station down the line it's [__]
a03OF0dHG0k-00085-00051991-00052311 doomsday don't you feel pity for people
a03OF0dHG0k-00086-00052312-00052839 it's too late for pity get used to it
a03OF0dHG0k-00087-00052840-00054223 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00088-00054224-00054679 silence
a03OF0dHG0k-00089-00054679-00054950 no one a rat maybe
a03OF0dHG0k-00090-00054951-00055115 prepare people we've got
a03OF0dHG0k-00091-00055116-00055654 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00092-00055655-00055973 what the [__]
a03OF0dHG0k-00094-00059312-00059522 so
a03OF0dHG0k-00095-00059523-00060406 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00096-00060407-00061580 come on
a03OF0dHG0k-00097-00061582-00062254 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00098-00062255-00063420 good
a03OF0dHG0k-00099-00063421-00063838 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00100-00063839-00064142 i can't take this [__] much longer
a03OF0dHG0k-00101-00064144-00064359 i come on who's gonna fight for russian
a03OF0dHG0k-00102-00064360-00065511 purity in the whole metro
a03OF0dHG0k-00103-00065512-00065735 an evil guy would volunteer for an
a03OF0dHG0k-00104-00065736-00065982 execution squad or be a commander or
a03OF0dHG0k-00105-00065983-00066263 something i'm a realist
a03OF0dHG0k-00106-00066264-00066463 sure you are
a03OF0dHG0k-00107-00066464-00066671 look the rest of the metro is sinking in
a03OF0dHG0k-00108-00066672-00066838 [__] but not us
a03OF0dHG0k-00109-00066839-00067182 why because we have ordered and if we
a03OF0dHG0k-00110-00067183-00067399 don't force our will on every station
a03OF0dHG0k-00111-00067400-00067719 down the line it's [__] doomsday
a03OF0dHG0k-00112-00067720-00067926 don't you feel pity for people
a03OF0dHG0k-00113-00067927-00068465 it's too late for pity get used to it
a03OF0dHG0k-00114-00068466-00069314 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00115-00069315-00069534 [Applause]
a03OF0dHG0k-00116-00069535-00070991 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00117-00070992-00071329 no one a rat maybe
a03OF0dHG0k-00118-00071330-00072094 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00119-00072095-00072442 well it looks quiet
a03OF0dHG0k-00120-00072443-00073855 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00121-00073856-00074015 no one here
a03OF0dHG0k-00122-00074016-00074159 phantoms maybe
a03OF0dHG0k-00123-00074160-00074296 that's what
a03OF0dHG0k-00125-00078463-00078621 but
a03OF0dHG0k-00126-00078622-00079462 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00127-00079463-00079750 i can't take this [__] much longer
a03OF0dHG0k-00128-00079751-00079975 i come on who's gonna fight for russian
a03OF0dHG0k-00129-00079976-00080199 purity in the whole metro
a03OF0dHG0k-00130-00080200-00080406 i'm serious
a03OF0dHG0k-00131-00080407-00080647 so slack off a little kill and pillage
a03OF0dHG0k-00132-00080648-00080991 only on the holidays oh you're evil
a03OF0dHG0k-00133-00080992-00081319 me now an evil guy would volunteer for
a03OF0dHG0k-00134-00081320-00081582 an execution squad or be a commander or
a03OF0dHG0k-00135-00081583-00081862 something i'm a realist
a03OF0dHG0k-00136-00081863-00082062 sure you are
a03OF0dHG0k-00137-00082063-00082271 look the rest of the metro is sinking in
a03OF0dHG0k-00138-00082272-00082655 [__] but not us why because we have
a03OF0dHG0k-00139-00082656-00082918 order and if we don't force our will on
a03OF0dHG0k-00140-00082919-00083206 every station down the line it's [__]
a03OF0dHG0k-00141-00083207-00083535 doomsday don't you feel pity for people
a03OF0dHG0k-00142-00083536-00083905 it's too late for pity get used to it
a03OF0dHG0k-00143-00083906-00085103 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00144-00085104-00085780 oh
a03OF0dHG0k-00145-00085781-00085959 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00146-00085960-00086250 well it looks quiet
a03OF0dHG0k-00147-00086251-00087150 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00148-00087151-00087453 no one a rat maybe
a03OF0dHG0k-00149-00087454-00088215 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00150-00088216-00088567 no one here phantoms maybe that's what
a03OF0dHG0k-00151-00088568-00088733 i've heard
a03OF0dHG0k-00152-00088734-00090023 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00153-00090024-00090160 so
a03OF0dHG0k-00154-00090161-00091655 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00155-00091656-00094511 what
a03OF0dHG0k-00156-00094512-00094815 i can't take this [__] much longer
a03OF0dHG0k-00157-00094816-00095031 i come on who's gonna fight for russian
a03OF0dHG0k-00158-00095032-00095255 purity in the whole metal
a03OF0dHG0k-00159-00095256-00095462 i'm serious
a03OF0dHG0k-00160-00095463-00095871 so slack off a little killer village
a03OF0dHG0k-00161-00095872-00096062 you're evil
a03OF0dHG0k-00162-00096063-00096399 me now an evil guy would volunteer for
a03OF0dHG0k-00163-00096400-00096655 an execution squad or be a commander or
a03OF0dHG0k-00164-00096656-00096935 something i'm a realist
a03OF0dHG0k-00165-00096936-00097135 sure you are
a03OF0dHG0k-00166-00097136-00097343 look the rest of the metro is sinking in
a03OF0dHG0k-00167-00097344-00097518 [__] but not us
a03OF0dHG0k-00168-00097519-00097855 why because we have order and if we
a03OF0dHG0k-00169-00097856-00098071 don't force our will on every station
a03OF0dHG0k-00170-00098072-00098399 down the line it's [__] doomsday
a03OF0dHG0k-00171-00098400-00098606 don't you feel pity for people
a03OF0dHG0k-00172-00098607-00098978 it's too late for pity get used to it
a03OF0dHG0k-00173-00098979-00099526 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00174-00099527-00099648 got to be careful
a03OF0dHG0k-00176-00104759-00104960 what
a03OF0dHG0k-00177-00104961-00106486 [Music]
a03OF0dHG0k-00178-00106488-00106647 uh
a03OF0dHG0k-00179-00106648-00108047 yeah
a03OF0dHG0k-00180-00108048-00108348 okay
a1jpHrRI2jQ-00000-00000336-00001705 [Music]
a1jpHrRI2jQ-00001-00001707-00002883 [Music]
a1jpHrRI2jQ-00002-00002884-00003592 lifetime
a1jpHrRI2jQ-00003-00003593-00004167 [Music]
a1jpHrRI2jQ-00004-00004168-00004687 what the hell is
a1jpHrRI2jQ-00005-00004688-00005102 [Music]
a1jpHrRI2jQ-00006-00005103-00007701 it's um some time
a1jpHrRI2jQ-00007-00007702-00008023 [Applause]
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00000-00000024-00000223 the next evolution in decentralized tech
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00001-00000224-00000366 is here
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00002-00000367-00000599 varus is a truly free open source
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00003-00000600-00000871 blockchain protocol designed for privacy
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00004-00000872-00001135 safety open participation and unlimited
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00005-00001136-00001343 scalability
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00006-00001344-00001495 decentralized financial and
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00007-00001496-00001671 communications tech that can scale to a
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00008-00001672-00001791 new internet of value
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00009-00001792-00002175 and data exchange build with us
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00010-00002176-00002526 varus truth and privacy for all
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00011-00002527-00002883 learn more and join the conversation on
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00012-00002884-00003134 discord
a1y-t5Li9Xc-00013-00003135-00003343 you
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00000-00000624-00000902 okay we're back analyzing hpe's green
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00001-00000903-00001103 lake announcements with the analyst tim
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00002-00001104-00001319 crawford is here he's with the voa
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00003-00001320-00001535 strategic advisor to cio's tim always
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00004-00001536-00001623 great to have you on the cube how you
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00005-00001623-00001839 doing man hey dave always a pleasure to
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00006-00001839-00002055 share the stage with you so things are
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00007-00002056-00002239 evolving here
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00008-00002240-00002415 you know these this green lake thing
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00009-00002416-00002575 it's not just a one-shot deal once a
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00010-00002576-00002879 year we'll come back to you at discover
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00011-00002880-00003183 they're really showing a cadence
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00012-00003184-00003303 what's your take on the announcements
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00013-00003304-00003454 that you heard today well i think that
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00014-00003455-00003670 the one thing we are seeing is that as
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00015-00003671-00003886 you said green lake is not just a piece
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00016-00003887-00004183 of it it is the forward strategy for hpe
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00017-00004184-00004327 and i think that's really important to
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00018-00004328-00004519 understand when you start to unpack the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00019-00004520-00004711 different components you start to see
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00020-00004712-00004927 how this becomes really critical to
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00021-00004928-00005167 hpe's future but more importantly to
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00022-00005168-00005335 their customers you know as they start
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00023-00005336-00005551 to think about their on-premises
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00024-00005552-00005783 requirements as well as what they're
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00025-00005784-00005927 going to be doing in the cloud and that
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00026-00005928-00006175 whole integration as well as just the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00027-00006176-00006367 the edge to cloud continuum and how you
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00028-00006368-00006614 start to bring that together i think all
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00029-00006615-00006783 of these pieces are converging at the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00030-00006784-00006919 same time
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00031-00006920-00007183 and what we're starting to see from hpe
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00032-00007184-00007391 is a convergence of different
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00033-00007392-00007598 technologies and service offerings that
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00034-00007600-00007783 are here to meet that need was there
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00035-00007784-00007983 anything that stood out to you today i
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00036-00007984-00008127 mean the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00037-00008128-00008335 the data fabric piece you know some of
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00038-00008336-00008431 the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00039-00008432-00008607 the data protection components as a
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00040-00008608-00008871 service other sort of frameworks what
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00041-00008872-00009119 stood out from a cio perspective well i
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00042-00009120-00009319 think there are a couple things
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00043-00009320-00009527 first and foremost this is a journey
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00044-00009528-00009831 this is not a one-time event of you know
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00045-00009832-00009999 the next announcement is going to show
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00046-00010000-00010223 you everything it's going to take time
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00047-00010224-00010391 to put this together because to be
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00048-00010392-00010567 honest this is a really complicated
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00049-00010568-00010774 space that you're talking about and so i
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00050-00010775-00010959 think it's important to understand that
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00051-00010960-00011071 when you're putting together your
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00052-00011072-00011206 strategy when you're thinking about how
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00053-00011207-00011431 you're evolving from more traditional
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00054-00011432-00011614 stacks and more traditional approaches
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00055-00011615-00011870 and architectures to some of the newer
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00056-00011871-00012046 forms of architectures and new
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00057-00012047-00012303 technologies and so if you look at the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00058-00012304-00012487 announcements you can see that these are
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00059-00012488-00012742 starting to put very critical pillars in
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00060-00012743-00013094 place as they fill out kind of the the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00061-00013095-00013383 bingo card if you will for green lake
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00062-00013384-00013599 what's uh the cio sentiment these days
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00063-00013600-00013679 as
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00064-00013680-00013999 it relates to the cloud to hybrid to
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00065-00014000-00014230 announcements like what we saw today
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00066-00014231-00014535 from from hpe they got through 2020
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00067-00014536-00014751 some actually thrived through 2020
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00068-00014752-00014919 others and tough industries they got
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00069-00014919-00015063 through it you know some of the harder
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00070-00015063-00015222 hit industries you talked to the cios
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00071-00015223-00015415 there there hey
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00072-00015416-00015566 you know that's what we do
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00073-00015568-00015711 we had a plan and we got through it
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00074-00015712-00015983 what's the sentiment today
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00075-00015984-00016111 yeah the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00076-00016112-00016335 the the issue today is
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00077-00016336-00016543 how do you start to put together the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00078-00016544-00016750 right pieces and stay close with your
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00079-00016751-00017015 customers i mean just over the last 18
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00080-00017016-00017247 months to two years there's been a
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00081-00017248-00017479 demonstrable shift in how customers are
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00082-00017480-00017647 engaging with each of these each of
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00083-00017648-00017830 these companies and so when you think
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00084-00017831-00018007 about the technologies they have to use
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00085-00018008-00018222 when you think about the architectures
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00086-00018223-00018463 where cloud comes into play i haven't
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00087-00018464-00018807 seen a greater uptick in cloud interest
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00088-00018808-00019111 prior to the last 18 months at the same
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00089-00019112-00019375 time people that were early entrants
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00090-00019376-00019550 into cloud are starting to realize that
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00091-00019551-00019750 you know what i do have a need for
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00092-00019751-00019991 something on-prem i do need to have
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00093-00019992-00020183 services that are more localized to my
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00094-00020184-00020414 users or localized to my customers and
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00095-00020415-00020614 so that's where this hybrid story really
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00096-00020615-00020863 comes to light right is bringing that
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00097-00020864-00021047 the goodness of what you get from public
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00098-00021048-00021239 cloud as well as what you get from
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00099-00021240-00021478 on-prem and then bringing private cloud
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00100-00021479-00021639 into the mix
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00101-00021640-00021814 as we start to think about again going
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00102-00021815-00022047 back to that edge to cloud continuum
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00103-00022048-00022167 you're going to have different
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00104-00022168-00022311 components that are going to have to
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00105-00022312-00022430 work together
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00106-00022431-00022671 i think the combination of the data
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00107-00022672-00022935 fabric that was announced as well as
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00108-00022936-00023103 some of the other components coming
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00109-00023104-00023439 together start to fill in that puzzle
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00110-00023440-00023607 but there's a lot more to go there's a
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00111-00023608-00023767 lot more to go and so i think it's
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00112-00023768-00023967 important to understand that and not
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00113-00023968-00024119 just center on
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00114-00024120-00024430 a given announcement as this is the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00115-00024431-00024583 this is the key piece this is the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00116-00024584-00024807 linchpin does hpe have the right cloud
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00117-00024808-00024999 strategy in your view
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00118-00025000-00025119 you know they're starting to put it
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00119-00025120-00025350 together um i think they still have work
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00120-00025351-00025718 to do to be fair but what i do like is
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00121-00025719-00025870 how they're thinking about the bigger
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00122-00025872-00026094 picture and i think that is somewhat
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00123-00026095-00026246 unique you know when you look at the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00124-00026247-00026423 strategies that the hyperscalers have
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00125-00026424-00026567 when you look at the strategies of some
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00126-00026568-00026735 of their contemporaries have hpe's
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00127-00026736-00026967 contemporaries have i think hpe has the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00128-00026968-00027183 right mix of components
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00129-00027183-00027279 but
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00130-00027280-00027487 i still want to see some other some
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00131-00027488-00027727 other pieces fall into place first
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00132-00027727-00027918 before you know kind of answering that
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00133-00027919-00028062 question in earnest like what where do
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00134-00028063-00028270 you see the gap well i think one of the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00135-00028272-00028495 one of the pieces is having that control
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00136-00028495-00028862 plane across cloud to on-prem i think
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00137-00028863-00029039 when when i look at it from a cio
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00138-00029039-00029199 perspective my world's getting more
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00139-00029200-00029407 complicated not easier
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00140-00029408-00029631 and when i bring cloud into the mix now
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00141-00029632-00029807 it's gotten exponentially more
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00142-00029808-00030014 complicated and so having something that
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00143-00030016-00030231 will help me manage from that edge to
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00144-00030232-00030455 cloud and everything in between is
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00145-00030456-00030655 really really critical it helps me
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00146-00030656-00030839 streamline helps me
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00147-00030839-00031039 get my arms around data and we know that
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00148-00031039-00031302 data is a critical component especially
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00149-00031303-00031479 as you're starting to think about how
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00150-00031480-00031631 you engage with your customers and how
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00151-00031632-00031831 your customers are changing just over
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00152-00031832-00032079 the last 18 months alone right let alone
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00153-00032080-00032223 how they were changing even two years
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00154-00032224-00032543 ago so i think it is important to to
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00155-00032544-00032823 look at that holistically but i do think
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00156-00032824-00032999 that i'd like to see more of the
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00157-00033000-00033174 management pieces and more of that
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00158-00033175-00033415 larger context come into play i think
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00159-00033416-00033590 that would resonate
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00160-00033591-00033855 better with cios and executives
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00161-00033856-00034102 and the other thing to keep in mind is
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00162-00034103-00034302 if you look at the traditional hpe
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00163-00034303-00034423 customer
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00164-00034424-00034599 they were someone that was further into
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00165-00034600-00034767 the organization
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00166-00034768-00034935 when we're talking about cloud and we're
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00167-00034936-00035239 talking about this continuum and talking
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00168-00035240-00035471 about it from a strategic standpoint if
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00169-00035472-00035711 you really want to engage the cio
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00170-00035712-00035951 you have to up level the conversation
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00171-00035952-00036199 and so i am starting to see inklings of
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00172-00036200-00036374 that had opportunities to talk with
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00173-00036375-00036671 antonio about this and the executives
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00174-00036672-00036935 within hpe and they're they get it they
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00175-00036936-00037127 understand that and so i'm really
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00176-00037128-00037318 encouraged by how they're starting to
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00177-00037319-00037615 lay out the pieces but
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00178-00037616-00037871 there's this is a this is a marathon
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00179-00037872-00038095 this isn't uh you know a sprint and we
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00180-00038096-00038311 go over the hurdles and we're done yeah
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00181-00038312-00038487 it's gonna take some time right now tim
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00182-00038488-00038639 crawford always great to have you on
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00183-00038640-00038871 awesome as usual insights appreciate you
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00184-00038872-00039095 bringing your your a game to the cube
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00185-00039096-00039287 thanks dave thank you okay and thank you
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00186-00039288-00039399 for watching keep it right there for
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00187-00039400-00039615 more great content from hpe's green lake
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00188-00039616-00041071 announcement you're watching thecube
a1Y1Nh5AZJI-00189-00041072-00041280 you
a27l_wUoEuY-00000-00001351-00001574 first time was an accident so
a27l_wUoEuY-00001-00001575-00002007 yeah
a27l_wUoEuY-00002-00002007-00002423 today we are doing a 55 early
a27l_wUoEuY-00003-00002424-00002663 intermediate so in english
a27l_wUoEuY-00004-00002664-00002895 and we have a suggestion from jack
a27l_wUoEuY-00005-00002896-00003023 chadwick
a27l_wUoEuY-00006-00003024-00003311 jack and jack says this hi gordon and
a27l_wUoEuY-00007-00003311-00003647 cynthia i'm still trying to understand
a27l_wUoEuY-00008-00003647-00003975 the phrase nisikira
a27l_wUoEuY-00009-00003976-00004054 i
a27l_wUoEuY-00010-00004055-00004303 understand it means not even but i'm
a27l_wUoEuY-00011-00004304-00004495 still finding it hard to actually make
a27l_wUoEuY-00012-00004496-00004919 it sound natural when speaking any tips
a27l_wUoEuY-00013-00004920-00006173 so that's what we're going to deal with
a27l_wUoEuY-00014-00006174-00006791 [Music]
a27l_wUoEuY-00015-00006792-00006942 i like that
a27l_wUoEuY-00016-00006943-00007223 [Laughter]
a27l_wUoEuY-00017-00007223-00007551 it looks cool
a27l_wUoEuY-00018-00007552-00007687 you could do the
a27l_wUoEuY-00019-00007688-00007846 it looks like they they
a27l_wUoEuY-00020-00007847-00008023 could you know they
a27l_wUoEuY-00021-00008023-00008310 air controllers
a27l_wUoEuY-00022-00008311-00009471 oh yeah i could bring a plane in yeah
a27l_wUoEuY-00023-00009472-00009767 could you give us some examples of
a27l_wUoEuY-00024-00009768-00009974 how you might use that
a27l_wUoEuY-00025-00009975-00010119 in conversation
a27l_wUoEuY-00026-00010120-00010383 for example i could say
a27l_wUoEuY-00027-00010384-00010503 okay
a27l_wUoEuY-00028-00010504-00010878 um
a27l_wUoEuY-00029-00010879-00011127 habla
a27l_wUoEuY-00030-00011128-00011238 english
a27l_wUoEuY-00031-00011239-00013046 francesia
a27l_wUoEuY-00032-00013047-00013311 and so how would we translate that then
a27l_wUoEuY-00033-00013312-00013471 so so
a27l_wUoEuY-00034-00013472-00013735 he doesn't even he doesn't even speak
a27l_wUoEuY-00035-00013736-00013999 his language properly yeah his own
a27l_wUoEuY-00036-00014000-00014366 language so the nisikiera
a27l_wUoEuY-00037-00014368-00014558 is the even word
a27l_wUoEuY-00038-00014559-00014807 not even they're not even yeah not even
a27l_wUoEuY-00039-00014808-00014927 yeah
a27l_wUoEuY-00040-00014928-00015063 so
a27l_wUoEuY-00041-00015063-00015279 i mean you could say
a27l_wUoEuY-00042-00015280-00015607 no habla bien su proprio
a27l_wUoEuY-00043-00015608-00015879 of course yeah so he doesn't speak his
a27l_wUoEuY-00044-00015880-00016055 own language properly
a27l_wUoEuY-00045-00016056-00016486 not even not even that
a27l_wUoEuY-00046-00016487-00018103 um
a27l_wUoEuY-00047-00018104-00018463 so i've done a diet for a week and i
a27l_wUoEuY-00048-00018464-00018639 haven't even
a27l_wUoEuY-00049-00018640-00018943 lost 200 grams
a27l_wUoEuY-00050-00018944-00019199 yeah uh-huh
a27l_wUoEuY-00051-00019200-00019567 what i find about interesting about this
a27l_wUoEuY-00052-00019568-00019958 this structure this word these two words
a27l_wUoEuY-00053-00019959-00020119 so knee
a27l_wUoEuY-00054-00020120-00020271 is neither
a27l_wUoEuY-00055-00020272-00020367 okay
a27l_wUoEuY-00056-00020368-00020543 and then you've got si
a27l_wUoEuY-00057-00020544-00020727 quiera
a27l_wUoEuY-00058-00020728-00021030 right which is if you want
a27l_wUoEuY-00059-00021031-00021303 and the kiera is
a27l_wUoEuY-00060-00021304-00021558 oh
a27l_wUoEuY-00061-00021559-00021807 he or she you want it yeah
a27l_wUoEuY-00062-00021808-00022135 yeah but it's kind of like but you know
a27l_wUoEuY-00063-00022136-00022358 it's interesting because it's like
a27l_wUoEuY-00064-00022359-00022483 and
a27l_wUoEuY-00065-00022484-00022671 uh
a27l_wUoEuY-00066-00022672-00022814 even and even
a27l_wUoEuY-00067-00022815-00022991 even if he wanted to he doesn't speak
a27l_wUoEuY-00068-00022992-00023358 his language properly exactly uh-huh
a27l_wUoEuY-00069-00023359-00023583 yeah you can think of it that way
a27l_wUoEuY-00070-00023584-00023883 yeah
a27l_wUoEuY-00071-00023884-00024127 um is there any other other
a27l_wUoEuY-00072-00024128-00024358 circumstances where nishikira comes out
a27l_wUoEuY-00073-00024359-00024599 that may be something slightly different
a27l_wUoEuY-00074-00024600-00024839 a different uh what do you mean
a27l_wUoEuY-00075-00024840-00025078 like a different context in which it
a27l_wUoEuY-00076-00025079-00025535 might be you know uh-huh
a27l_wUoEuY-00077-00025536-00025750 no it's they're not even
a27l_wUoEuY-00078-00025751-00025918 i can't think of anything now have you
a27l_wUoEuY-00079-00025919-00026031 got anything
a27l_wUoEuY-00080-00026032-00026111 well
a27l_wUoEuY-00081-00026112-00026414 no no but i'm thinking on you could
a27l_wUoEuY-00082-00026416-00026518 do it
a27l_wUoEuY-00083-00026519-00026741 just as a reply
a27l_wUoEuY-00084-00026742-00027735 [Music]
a27l_wUoEuY-00085-00027736-00028083 not even that not even that see
a27l_wUoEuY-00086-00028083-00028399 uh-huh so
a27l_wUoEuY-00087-00028400-00028646 that's pretty much how it's used it it
a27l_wUoEuY-00088-00028647-00028862 isn't it isn't a particularly
a27l_wUoEuY-00089-00028863-00029214 difficult um structure to use is it
a27l_wUoEuY-00090-00029216-00029423 well as difficult as it is in english i
a27l_wUoEuY-00091-00029424-00029687 guess yeah
a27l_wUoEuY-00092-00029688-00029958 because it's used with indicative yeah
a27l_wUoEuY-00093-00029960-00030062 so
a27l_wUoEuY-00094-00030063-00030270 pretty much like in the uk i mean in the
a27l_wUoEuY-00095-00030272-00030535 uk sorry like in english i'm saying the
a27l_wUoEuY-00096-00030536-00030774 uk because you're from the uk
a27l_wUoEuY-00097-00030775-00030927 i don't want to
a27l_wUoEuY-00098-00030927-00031167 and in the uk
a27l_wUoEuY-00099-00031168-00031255 okay
a27l_wUoEuY-00100-00031256-00031502 who knows i mean we don't no i think
a27l_wUoEuY-00101-00031503-00031743 they're not even would be the same
a27l_wUoEuY-00102-00031744-00031935 in all the english speaking community
a27l_wUoEuY-00103-00031936-00032062 yeah and i think in
a27l_wUoEuY-00104-00032063-00032246 in in spanish-speaking communities what
a27l_wUoEuY-00105-00032247-00032487 nasi kera
a27l_wUoEuY-00106-00032488-00032783 okay yeah so give us a sentence that
a27l_wUoEuY-00107-00032784-00033007 we've got to translate
a27l_wUoEuY-00108-00033008-00033174 with a not even
a27l_wUoEuY-00109-00033175-00033423 let's see okay test he
a27l_wUoEuY-00110-00033424-00033743 he didn't and this is in the past
a27l_wUoEuY-00111-00033744-00034327 he didn't even know what to say
a27l_wUoEuY-00112-00034328-00034567 well that's gonna be tricky isn't it
a27l_wUoEuY-00113-00034568-00035046 with the past of the verb to know
a27l_wUoEuY-00114-00035047-00035271 okay so are you saying it
a27l_wUoEuY-00115-00035272-00035567 yes i would say
a27l_wUoEuY-00116-00035568-00035823 savia
a27l_wUoEuY-00117-00035824-00036062 correct i i would have gone for is to
a27l_wUoEuY-00118-00036063-00036230 get a super question because in my mind
a27l_wUoEuY-00119-00036231-00036390 i was thinking about
a27l_wUoEuY-00120-00036391-00036574 he was in the spotlight oh okay and at
a27l_wUoEuY-00121-00036575-00036735 that moment he was like
a27l_wUoEuY-00122-00036736-00037030 and he didn't know what to say like oh
a27l_wUoEuY-00123-00037031-00037295 um but again you could be nostalgic if
a27l_wUoEuY-00124-00037296-00037415 it's something
a27l_wUoEuY-00125-00037416-00037559 like an ongoing i just think you can
a27l_wUoEuY-00126-00037560-00037759 imagine as you were standing there
a27l_wUoEuY-00127-00037760-00038727 ongoing
a27l_wUoEuY-00128-00038728-00038967 you are asking me
a27l_wUoEuY-00129-00038968-00039151 to
a27l_wUoEuY-00130-00039152-00039623 you're asking me to
a27l_wUoEuY-00131-00039624-00039751 complete
a27l_wUoEuY-00132-00039752-00039967 this task
a27l_wUoEuY-00133-00039968-00040759 but i don't even know how to
a27l_wUoEuY-00134-00040760-00040983 that start thing you're asking me to so
a27l_wUoEuY-00135-00040984-00041167 you're asking me yeah okay
a27l_wUoEuY-00136-00041168-00041407 subjunctive you know
a27l_wUoEuY-00137-00041408-00041774 hey but give it a go
a27l_wUoEuY-00138-00041775-00042023 okay give it a go
a27l_wUoEuY-00139-00042024-00043486 oh you said present
a27l_wUoEuY-00140-00043487-00046119 [Music]
a27l_wUoEuY-00141-00046120-00046367 [Music]
a27l_wUoEuY-00142-00046368-00046902 so jack
a27l_wUoEuY-00143-00046903-00047079 chadwick i think there was a was there
a27l_wUoEuY-00144-00047080-00047295 not a place in the uk where in england
a27l_wUoEuY-00145-00047296-00047495 called chadwick
a27l_wUoEuY-00146-00047496-00047711 brings a bell like
a27l_wUoEuY-00147-00047712-00047871 let's be honest there's an awful lot of
a27l_wUoEuY-00148-00047872-00048111 places in the uk that end with wick
a27l_wUoEuY-00149-00048112-00048262 yeah okay there's even a place called
a27l_wUoEuY-00150-00048263-00048686 wick in scotland no but it was like um
a27l_wUoEuY-00151-00048687-00048855 not a neighborhood what do you call it
a27l_wUoEuY-00152-00048856-00049039 like a
a27l_wUoEuY-00153-00049040-00049190 same thing in newcastle i don't know it
a27l_wUoEuY-00154-00049191-00049383 just rings a bell uh
a27l_wUoEuY-00155-00049384-00049630 no i don't chadwick something wick but
a27l_wUoEuY-00156-00049631-00050215 not chadwick as far as i'm aware okay
a27l_wUoEuY-00157-00050216-00050407 so there you are jack
a27l_wUoEuY-00158-00050408-00050615 um i hope that's helped you out it's not
a27l_wUoEuY-00159-00050616-00050807 that difficult you know it's just not
a27l_wUoEuY-00160-00050808-00051079 even yeah not even
a27l_wUoEuY-00161-00051080-00051246 and
a27l_wUoEuY-00162-00051247-00051382 now
a27l_wUoEuY-00163-00051383-00051711 oh
a27l_wUoEuY-00164-00051712-00052046 another word from sponsor
a27l_wUoEuY-00165-00052047-00052319 thank you very much pedro
a27l_wUoEuY-00166-00052320-00052607 where's pedro from for that and what
a27l_wUoEuY-00167-00052608-00052807 actually is that sorry i i should say
a27l_wUoEuY-00168-00052808-00053087 what's the name of the accent uh i i
a27l_wUoEuY-00169-00053088-00053287 can't remember exactly the name of this
a27l_wUoEuY-00170-00053288-00053726 of his uh town sure sure is it show yeah
a27l_wUoEuY-00171-00053727-00053942 but what accent is it it's definitely
a27l_wUoEuY-00172-00053944-00054126 not peter kay's accent i'm sorry but it
a27l_wUoEuY-00173-00054127-00054319 just sounds like don't think i don't say
a27l_wUoEuY-00174-00054320-00054566 no don't say it i'm not pck from
a27l_wUoEuY-00175-00054567-00054725 baltimore
a27l_wUoEuY-00176-00054726-00055407 [Laughter]
a27l_wUoEuY-00177-00055408-00055615 so what's the what's the name of the
a27l_wUoEuY-00178-00055616-00055871 accent the show accent
a27l_wUoEuY-00179-00055872-00056111 and the war category of accent no i did
a27l_wUoEuY-00180-00056112-00056287 abroad
a27l_wUoEuY-00181-00056288-00056463 under that category
a27l_wUoEuY-00182-00056464-00056759 when when pedro sent me the
a27l_wUoEuY-00183-00056760-00056863 um
a27l_wUoEuY-00184-00056864-00056999 the audio
a27l_wUoEuY-00185-00057000-00057111 he said
a27l_wUoEuY-00186-00057112-00057279 i don't know if you can use this gordon
a27l_wUoEuY-00187-00057279-00057438 there you are i'll do it
a27l_wUoEuY-00188-00057439-00057791 and he said some people say i have a
a27l_wUoEuY-00189-00057791-00057959 strong accent
a27l_wUoEuY-00190-00057960-00058135 i don't hear it myself i don't hear
a27l_wUoEuY-00191-00058136-00058663 myself of course of course would you
a27l_wUoEuY-00192-00058664-00058847 so
a27l_wUoEuY-00193-00058848-00059087 just to bring to your attention what we
a27l_wUoEuY-00194-00059088-00059215 have available
a27l_wUoEuY-00195-00059216-00059591 uh cynthia has got a number of um book
a27l_wUoEuY-00196-00059591-00059830 clubs available yes if you're interested
a27l_wUoEuY-00197-00059832-00059935 in
a27l_wUoEuY-00198-00059936-00060071 uh
a27l_wUoEuY-00199-00060072-00060359 reading a book and getting coaching
a27l_wUoEuY-00200-00060360-00060511 through the book in terms of all the
a27l_wUoEuY-00201-00060512-00060679 grammar and stuff like that so that's
a27l_wUoEuY-00202-00060679-00060879 what that's what cynthia's got available
a27l_wUoEuY-00203-00060879-00061182 and we're just about to um
a27l_wUoEuY-00204-00061183-00061271 put
a27l_wUoEuY-00205-00061272-00061463 the new the last
a27l_wUoEuY-00206-00061464-00061703 book club yes we're going to put that on
a27l_wUoEuY-00207-00061704-00061863 online as well so that's going to be
a27l_wUoEuY-00208-00061864-00062119 available and that book was the
a27l_wUoEuY-00209-00062120-00062375 last question
a27l_wUoEuY-00210-00062376-00062671 oh yeah yeah that was a cry one that's a
a27l_wUoEuY-00211-00062672-00062887 cry book it wasn't it was nice it was a
a27l_wUoEuY-00212-00062888-00063063 nice book yeah
a27l_wUoEuY-00213-00063064-00063238 yeah yeah and this one
a27l_wUoEuY-00214-00063239-00063582 the the last one also has anna who does
a27l_wUoEuY-00215-00063583-00063791 an extra um
a27l_wUoEuY-00216-00063791-00064071 uh part which is more about the kind of
a27l_wUoEuY-00217-00064072-00064279 the structure of the book and and more
a27l_wUoEuY-00218-00064279-00064679 like literary
a27l_wUoEuY-00219-00064679-00064879 so you'll find that all you have to do
a27l_wUoEuY-00220-00064879-00065038 is go to our page and look under the
a27l_wUoEuY-00221-00065039-00065279 store in fact if you go to our page and
a27l_wUoEuY-00222-00065279-00065494 look under store you will find a
a27l_wUoEuY-00223-00065495-00065806 tremendous amount of resources okay not
a27l_wUoEuY-00224-00065807-00066047 all of them you have to pay for some of
a27l_wUoEuY-00225-00066048-00066359 them are very free very free
a27l_wUoEuY-00226-00066360-00066559 very free some of them are very very
a27l_wUoEuY-00227-00066560-00066815 free very free is that very is that very
a27l_wUoEuY-00228-00066816-00067206 free it's very free
a27l_wUoEuY-00229-00067207-00068159 and other cheat codes
a27l_wUoEuY-00230-00068160-00068816 adios
a27l_wUoEuY-00231-00068817-00069215 [Music]
a27l_wUoEuY-00232-00069216-00069311 hey
a27l_wUoEuY-00233-00069312-00069543 you cut me out
a27l_wUoEuY-00234-00069544-00069856 cheeky bastard
a2rngJZ8G9U-00000-00000024-00000223 where did that money come from that was
a2rngJZ8G9U-00001-00000224-00000390 quick with the question where did the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00002-00000391-00000615 money come from oh well what is it
a2rngJZ8G9U-00003-00000616-00000854 is it right are we going to have to pay
a2rngJZ8G9U-00004-00000855-00001062 it back in the future you know
a2rngJZ8G9U-00005-00001063-00001295 so these are liquid let's do let's do
a2rngJZ8G9U-00006-00001296-00001478 that where did the money come from
a2rngJZ8G9U-00007-00001479-00001767 because um you know i think we have
a2rngJZ8G9U-00008-00001768-00001895 right now
a2rngJZ8G9U-00009-00001896-00002239 in the rearview mirror just very very
a2rngJZ8G9U-00010-00002240-00002334 clear
a2rngJZ8G9U-00011-00002335-00002679 examples of exactly how governments
a2rngJZ8G9U-00012-00002680-00002950 muster the firepower to commit to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00013-00002951-00003110 spending trillions and trillions of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00014-00003111-00003415 dollars when just months before
a2rngJZ8G9U-00015-00003415-00003583 everybody was talking about you know if
a2rngJZ8G9U-00016-00003584-00003822 we want to spend money we have to find
a2rngJZ8G9U-00017-00003823-00004038 money how will you pay for it i mean if
a2rngJZ8G9U-00018-00004039-00004283 you think back to you know
a2rngJZ8G9U-00019-00004284-00004670 2019 and um the presidential campaign
a2rngJZ8G9U-00020-00004671-00004902 and the democratic primaries and you
a2rngJZ8G9U-00021-00004903-00005191 know we had a very crowded uh slate of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00022-00005192-00005447 democratic presidential hopefuls you you
a2rngJZ8G9U-00023-00005448-00005783 yanez naomi and i know well uh some of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00024-00005784-00006070 the people who were vying for the vice
a2rngJZ8G9U-00025-00006071-00006206 president for the presidential
a2rngJZ8G9U-00026-00006207-00006446 nomination on the democratic side and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00027-00006447-00006727 people had you know platforms that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00028-00006728-00007103 ranged in ambition from very very
a2rngJZ8G9U-00029-00007104-00007351 progressive um big ticket things you
a2rngJZ8G9U-00030-00007352-00007639 know a 16 trillion dollar green new deal
a2rngJZ8G9U-00031-00007640-00007823 uh canceling all student loan debt i
a2rngJZ8G9U-00032-00007823-00008087 mean very ambitious all the way down you
a2rngJZ8G9U-00033-00008088-00008271 know the scale to the other end the the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00034-00008272-00008519 more moderate sort of things but every
a2rngJZ8G9U-00035-00008520-00008783 single candidate at every turn was
a2rngJZ8G9U-00036-00008784-00009023 dogged by the question how will you pay
a2rngJZ8G9U-00037-00009024-00009174 for it where will the money come from
a2rngJZ8G9U-00038-00009175-00009399 and every candidate attempted to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00039-00009400-00009646 demonstrate where the revenue would come
a2rngJZ8G9U-00040-00009647-00009855 from how the taxes would be increased to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00041-00009856-00010095 generate the revenue to allow for this
a2rngJZ8G9U-00042-00010096-00010271 spending to take place
a2rngJZ8G9U-00043-00010272-00010583 everything happened in this sort of a
a2rngJZ8G9U-00044-00010584-00010799 budgeting framework right the idea that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00045-00010800-00010974 you have to find the money
a2rngJZ8G9U-00046-00010975-00011223 and pay for your spending and then covet
a2rngJZ8G9U-00047-00011224-00011559 happened right and this is just months
a2rngJZ8G9U-00048-00011560-00011903 later really and it's march of 2020 and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00049-00011904-00012142 all of a sudden without really a
a2rngJZ8G9U-00050-00012143-00012406 moment's hesitation congress begins
a2rngJZ8G9U-00051-00012407-00012655 spinning out multi-trillion dollar
a2rngJZ8G9U-00052-00012656-00012871 spending packages and not just in the us
a2rngJZ8G9U-00053-00012872-00013079 not just congress but around the world
a2rngJZ8G9U-00054-00013080-00013351 governments are committing huge sums of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00055-00013352-00013607 money and so when we say you know how
a2rngJZ8G9U-00056-00013608-00013751 did they do it where did the money come
a2rngJZ8G9U-00057-00013752-00013951 from here's what happens
a2rngJZ8G9U-00058-00013952-00014222 congress writes a bill and in our case
a2rngJZ8G9U-00059-00014223-00014511 in march the biggest bill was known as
a2rngJZ8G9U-00060-00014512-00014791 the cares act that was a 2.2
a2rngJZ8G9U-00061-00014791-00015071 trillion dollar piece of legislation
a2rngJZ8G9U-00062-00015072-00015407 that legislation is congress's way of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00063-00015408-00015558 ordering up
a2rngJZ8G9U-00064-00015559-00016038 okay 2.2 trillion dollars from its bank
a2rngJZ8G9U-00065-00016040-00016263 from the federal reserve congress did
a2rngJZ8G9U-00066-00016263-00016622 not go out hat in hand to china or to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00067-00016623-00016894 the investor class or to anyone else and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00068-00016895-00017191 raise up 2.2 trillion they don't have to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00069-00017192-00017447 congress has the power of the purse
a2rngJZ8G9U-00070-00017448-00017671 congress can commit to spending money
a2rngJZ8G9U-00071-00017672-00017967 that they do not have right what they do
a2rngJZ8G9U-00072-00017968-00018175 is pass the bill and if the votes are
a2rngJZ8G9U-00073-00018176-00018511 there the money follows in a in a very
a2rngJZ8G9U-00074-00018512-00018830 real sense the votes are the pay for the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00075-00018831-00019022 votes are where the money comes from
a2rngJZ8G9U-00076-00019023-00019358 once the bill is is drafted and once the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00077-00019359-00019591 votes are there and the legislation is
a2rngJZ8G9U-00078-00019592-00019911 passed the spending happens as the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00079-00019912-00020135 central bank the government's fiscal
a2rngJZ8G9U-00080-00020136-00020230 agent
a2rngJZ8G9U-00081-00020231-00020447 carries out the payments that have been
a2rngJZ8G9U-00082-00020448-00020694 authorized by congress on behalf of the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00083-00020695-00020886 u.s treasury now how do they carry out
a2rngJZ8G9U-00084-00020887-00021063 payments wait for this
a2rngJZ8G9U-00085-00021064-00021239 hey i can't hold up my keyboard because
a2rngJZ8G9U-00086-00021240-00021503 i'm using my laptop but if i could hold
a2rngJZ8G9U-00087-00021504-00021743 up my keyboard i would hold up my
a2rngJZ8G9U-00088-00021744-00021958 keyboard because that's how the payments
a2rngJZ8G9U-00089-00021959-00022183 are carried out the federal reserve uses
a2rngJZ8G9U-00090-00022184-00022486 nothing more than a computer keyboard to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00091-00022487-00022711 credit the appropriate bank accounts
a2rngJZ8G9U-00092-00022712-00022919 with digital dollars that are known as
a2rngJZ8G9U-00093-00022920-00023183 reserves and then the recipient of those
a2rngJZ8G9U-00094-00023184-00023422 funds has their account credited by
a2rngJZ8G9U-00095-00023423-00023639 their bank so this is all done
a2rngJZ8G9U-00096-00023640-00023871 electronically through crediting of bank
a2rngJZ8G9U-00097-00023872-00024127 accounts and that's where the money
a2rngJZ8G9U-00098-00024128-00024391 comes from so we've seen it we saw it
a2rngJZ8G9U-00099-00024392-00024630 with the 2.2 trillion in march they did
a2rngJZ8G9U-00100-00024631-00024942 it again in december of last year a 900
a2rngJZ8G9U-00101-00024943-00025167 billion dollar package and then just
a2rngJZ8G9U-00102-00025168-00025430 last month congress came in with one
a2rngJZ8G9U-00103-00025431-00025799 more cove rescue package 1.9 trillion
a2rngJZ8G9U-00104-00025800-00025902 again
a2rngJZ8G9U-00105-00025904-00026102 a piece of legislation that sent just
a2rngJZ8G9U-00106-00026104-00026318 one set of instructions to the federal
a2rngJZ8G9U-00107-00026319-00026607 reserve go change the numbers up in the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00108-00026608-00026751 appropriate bank accounts if you got
a2rngJZ8G9U-00109-00026752-00027046 that 1400 check you got a credit to your
a2rngJZ8G9U-00110-00027047-00027374 account the key board uh did the work
a2rngJZ8G9U-00111-00027375-00027614 and the digital dollars appeared in your
a2rngJZ8G9U-00112-00027616-00027743 account if you're getting extra
a2rngJZ8G9U-00113-00027744-00027974 unemployment compensation that's how
a2rngJZ8G9U-00114-00027975-00028239 that's happening so what we're entering
a2rngJZ8G9U-00115-00028239-00028446 now is a different phase and i think
a2rngJZ8G9U-00116-00028447-00028639 this is where i'm going to wrap up with
a2rngJZ8G9U-00117-00028639-00028823 this giannis but this is where i'm i'm
a2rngJZ8G9U-00118-00028824-00029095 in agreement with you i don't think that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00119-00029095-00029431 we have you know broken the austerity
a2rngJZ8G9U-00120-00029432-00029655 mindset altogether because
a2rngJZ8G9U-00121-00029656-00029887 what democrats are talking about now
a2rngJZ8G9U-00122-00029888-00030174 with this climate slash infrastructure
a2rngJZ8G9U-00123-00030175-00030279 package
a2rngJZ8G9U-00124-00030280-00030383 is
a2rngJZ8G9U-00125-00030383-00030543 you know something that's been proposed
a2rngJZ8G9U-00126-00030544-00030670 by the white house something on the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00127-00030672-00030927 order so far of 2.25
a2rngJZ8G9U-00128-00030927-00031246 trillion but this time they want to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00129-00031247-00031479 quote unquote pay for it they don't want
a2rngJZ8G9U-00130-00031480-00031735 to pass this bill the way the last three
a2rngJZ8G9U-00131-00031736-00031967 bills that i just described were passed
a2rngJZ8G9U-00132-00031968-00032190 they want to offset the spending which
a2rngJZ8G9U-00133-00032191-00032423 means they want to send two sets of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00134-00032424-00032711 instructions to the central bank one set
a2rngJZ8G9U-00135-00032712-00032918 of instructions that tells them to go
a2rngJZ8G9U-00136-00032919-00033062 out and credit
a2rngJZ8G9U-00137-00033063-00033255 the bank accounts of the workers who
a2rngJZ8G9U-00138-00033256-00033502 will do the work repairing america's
a2rngJZ8G9U-00139-00033503-00033687 crumbling infrastructure putting up
a2rngJZ8G9U-00140-00033688-00033943 electric vehicle charging stations and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00141-00033944-00034190 doing care work and all the rest those
a2rngJZ8G9U-00142-00034191-00034335 people will get credits to their
a2rngJZ8G9U-00143-00034336-00034599 accounts the other set of instructions
a2rngJZ8G9U-00144-00034600-00034743 would tell
a2rngJZ8G9U-00145-00034744-00035111 the central bank to debit mark down the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00146-00035112-00035351 numbers in the accounts of many
a2rngJZ8G9U-00147-00035352-00035574 corporations because congress has
a2rngJZ8G9U-00148-00035575-00035871 decided that it wants to write a bill
a2rngJZ8G9U-00149-00035872-00036079 that says we're going to spend money but
a2rngJZ8G9U-00150-00036080-00036302 we're also going to raise taxes so two
a2rngJZ8G9U-00151-00036303-00036551 sets of instructions and this is falling
a2rngJZ8G9U-00152-00036552-00036727 more into
a2rngJZ8G9U-00153-00036728-00036887 a kind of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00154-00036888-00037087 i don't want to necessarily call it
a2rngJZ8G9U-00155-00037088-00037383 austerity but when biden went before the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00156-00037384-00037590 american people and talked about this he
a2rngJZ8G9U-00157-00037591-00037830 said that his plan would raise more
a2rngJZ8G9U-00158-00037831-00038039 revenue than he is even proposing to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00159-00038040-00038311 spend and he added that that would help
a2rngJZ8G9U-00160-00038312-00038630 reduce the deficit and debt long term so
a2rngJZ8G9U-00161-00038631-00038839 when you hear stuff like that that's
a2rngJZ8G9U-00162-00038840-00038959 definitely
a2rngJZ8G9U-00163-00038960-00039335 beginning to sound an awful lot like
a2rngJZ8G9U-00164-00039336-00039511 an administration that's starting to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00165-00039512-00040046 worry about deficits and debt
a2rngJZ8G9U-00166-00040047-00040279 yeah um i mean i feel like stephanie and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00167-00040280-00040423 i have had this debate a little bit
a2rngJZ8G9U-00168-00040424-00040662 where i i just am like i'm really in
a2rngJZ8G9U-00169-00040663-00040887 favor of raising taxes on corporations
a2rngJZ8G9U-00170-00040888-00041055 and the wealthy and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00171-00041056-00041190 i work
a2rngJZ8G9U-00172-00041191-00041407 i get the and i think i think you are
a2rngJZ8G9U-00173-00041408-00041574 too like in theory
a2rngJZ8G9U-00174-00041575-00041807 um we want to do it not because we need
a2rngJZ8G9U-00175-00041808-00041974 it to pay for this
a2rngJZ8G9U-00176-00041975-00042190 uh but because we have absolutely
a2rngJZ8G9U-00177-00042191-00042495 untenable levels of inequality um and we
a2rngJZ8G9U-00178-00042496-00042718 need redistributive policies because
a2rngJZ8G9U-00179-00042719-00042974 inequality of the kind that we have is a
a2rngJZ8G9U-00180-00042975-00043335 moral hazard it's it's it's it's it's
a2rngJZ8G9U-00181-00043336-00043574 epically dangerous that we have a
a2rngJZ8G9U-00182-00043575-00043735 billionaire class
a2rngJZ8G9U-00183-00043736-00043974 with so much excess capital that they're
a2rngJZ8G9U-00184-00043975-00044239 able to not only buy off our political
a2rngJZ8G9U-00185-00044240-00044407 class but
a2rngJZ8G9U-00186-00044408-00044702 build multiple escape routes including
a2rngJZ8G9U-00187-00044703-00045039 literally their planet bees right the uh
a2rngJZ8G9U-00188-00045040-00045246 the uh the slogan of the climate justice
a2rngJZ8G9U-00189-00045247-00045446 movement is there is no planet planet b
a2rngJZ8G9U-00190-00045447-00045590 but um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00191-00045591-00045879 jeff bezos and elon musk beg to differ
a2rngJZ8G9U-00192-00045880-00046071 um because they're they're building
a2rngJZ8G9U-00193-00046072-00046311 rocket ships to go there uh to escape
a2rngJZ8G9U-00194-00046312-00046446 the mess they've made and i think that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00195-00046447-00046558 that's
a2rngJZ8G9U-00196-00046559-00046646 um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00197-00046647-00046839 it is it's a moral hazard for the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00198-00046840-00047086 wealthy to not have to live in the mess
a2rngJZ8G9U-00199-00047087-00047358 that they create the the rockets to mars
a2rngJZ8G9U-00200-00047359-00047439 are
a2rngJZ8G9U-00201-00047440-00047671 an extreme expression of this but i
a2rngJZ8G9U-00202-00047672-00047839 think we're seeing
a2rngJZ8G9U-00203-00047840-00047990 the retreat
a2rngJZ8G9U-00204-00047991-00048246 of the wealthy into sort of gated
a2rngJZ8G9U-00205-00048247-00048599 castles of various kinds um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00206-00048600-00048799 in extreme forms throughout the pandemic
a2rngJZ8G9U-00207-00048800-00048967 right and i think the sort of stay at
a2rngJZ8G9U-00208-00048968-00049151 home orders have really accelerated that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00209-00049152-00049239 process
a2rngJZ8G9U-00210-00049240-00049479 where it's like you know the home has
a2rngJZ8G9U-00211-00049480-00049671 the classroom the home has the boardroom
a2rngJZ8G9U-00212-00049672-00049886 the home has everything that you need
a2rngJZ8G9U-00213-00049887-00050055 and anything that you don't have can be
a2rngJZ8G9U-00214-00050056-00050199 delivered by
a2rngJZ8G9U-00215-00050200-00050383 drone or through some no touch
a2rngJZ8G9U-00216-00050384-00050646 technology and so on so
a2rngJZ8G9U-00217-00050647-00050895 i i don't i i'm interested stephanie
a2rngJZ8G9U-00218-00050896-00051095 that you that you feel that that that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00219-00051096-00051167 the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00220-00051168-00051414 that the tax increase
a2rngJZ8G9U-00221-00051415-00051582 is the tell
a2rngJZ8G9U-00222-00051583-00051799 that we are going to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00223-00051800-00052030 face austerity because my fear is that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00224-00052032-00052166 if we don't
a2rngJZ8G9U-00225-00052167-00052438 have the tax increase
a2rngJZ8G9U-00226-00052439-00052742 that it increases our chances of a
a2rngJZ8G9U-00227-00052744-00052966 couple years down the road being told oh
a2rngJZ8G9U-00228-00052967-00053047 we've
a2rngJZ8G9U-00229-00053048-00053319 driven up the deficit so much that now
a2rngJZ8G9U-00230-00053320-00053519 we can't do anything more and we know
a2rngJZ8G9U-00231-00053520-00053663 that even though
a2rngJZ8G9U-00232-00053664-00053935 two-point you said two-five is a
a2rngJZ8G9U-00233-00053936-00054230 staggering sum it's also not enough
a2rngJZ8G9U-00234-00054232-00054415 um you know if we
a2rngJZ8G9U-00235-00054416-00054582 want to have
a2rngJZ8G9U-00236-00054583-00054775 uh climate action
a2rngJZ8G9U-00237-00054776-00055103 on this uh at the speed and scale
a2rngJZ8G9U-00238-00055104-00055342 that we actually need to to to prevent
a2rngJZ8G9U-00239-00055344-00055575 catastrophic warming it's about a third
a2rngJZ8G9U-00240-00055576-00055799 of the size of the spending that we need
a2rngJZ8G9U-00241-00055800-00056087 so i'm worried that if we don't
a2rngJZ8G9U-00242-00056088-00056415 increase taxes and increase revenue
a2rngJZ8G9U-00243-00056416-00056694 that it accelerates the point at which
a2rngJZ8G9U-00244-00056695-00056894 we get told sorry coffers are empty we
a2rngJZ8G9U-00245-00056895-00057254 can't do anything um but but uh tell me
a2rngJZ8G9U-00246-00057255-00057559 why i'm wrong stephanie because
a2rngJZ8G9U-00247-00057560-00057879 all right so here's the thing i think
a2rngJZ8G9U-00248-00057879-00058287 that almost no one any longer believes
a2rngJZ8G9U-00249-00058288-00058511 the coffers are bare the deficits of the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00250-00058512-00058775 past constrain the spending capacity of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00251-00058776-00058982 the future we were told that with the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00252-00058983-00059238 obama deficits we need a simpson polls
a2rngJZ8G9U-00253-00059239-00059391 commission we have to have austerity
a2rngJZ8G9U-00254-00059391-00059559 we're not going to be able to survive my
a2rngJZ8G9U-00255-00059560-00059742 god the deficit the deficit so we got
a2rngJZ8G9U-00256-00059744-00059926 austerity and we got the pivot to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00257-00059927-00060199 austerity we got trump trump comes in
a2rngJZ8G9U-00258-00060200-00060406 and he wants to do these huge tax cuts
a2rngJZ8G9U-00259-00060407-00060647 and people like larry summers right who
a2rngJZ8G9U-00260-00060648-00060894 was treasury secretary under president
a2rngJZ8G9U-00261-00060895-00061142 clinton he was obama's senior economic
a2rngJZ8G9U-00262-00061144-00061326 advisor head of the national economic
a2rngJZ8G9U-00263-00061327-00061630 council larry goes ballistic larry hates
a2rngJZ8G9U-00264-00061632-00061830 the idea of the republican tax cuts he
a2rngJZ8G9U-00265-00061832-00062015 does one of his interventions he goes
a2rngJZ8G9U-00266-00062016-00062175 all over the media
a2rngJZ8G9U-00267-00062176-00062471 in november of 2017
a2rngJZ8G9U-00268-00062472-00062630 larry's all over the place and he's
a2rngJZ8G9U-00269-00062632-00062838 saying if the republicans pass these tax
a2rngJZ8G9U-00270-00062839-00063094 cuts these are his words we will be
a2rngJZ8G9U-00271-00063095-00063423 living on a shoestring for decades to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00272-00063424-00063654 come because of the increase in the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00273-00063655-00063775 deficits
a2rngJZ8G9U-00274-00063776-00063935 we will be living on a shoestring for
a2rngJZ8G9U-00275-00063936-00064166 decades to come republicans pass the tax
a2rngJZ8G9U-00276-00064167-00064342 cuts the following month
a2rngJZ8G9U-00277-00064344-00064679 deficits increase cbo says by 1.9
a2rngJZ8G9U-00278-00064679-00064879 trillion over 10 years we have a huge
a2rngJZ8G9U-00279-00064879-00065119 increase in deficit what happens growth
a2rngJZ8G9U-00280-00065120-00065303 picks up a little bit unemployment goes
a2rngJZ8G9U-00281-00065304-00065575 down a little bit inequality widens
a2rngJZ8G9U-00282-00065576-00065863 inflation stays low coronavirus comes
a2rngJZ8G9U-00283-00065864-00066006 and we're spending trillions and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00284-00066007-00066167 trillions of dollars so what i'm saying
a2rngJZ8G9U-00285-00066168-00066479 first is i think everyone can now see
a2rngJZ8G9U-00286-00066480-00066575 that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00287-00066576-00066719 you know the government doesn't have to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00288-00066720-00066935 keep its powder dry we don't have to run
a2rngJZ8G9U-00289-00066936-00067191 small deficits or anything like that in
a2rngJZ8G9U-00290-00067192-00067367 order to be able to afford to do things
a2rngJZ8G9U-00291-00067368-00067567 in the future now the bigger point for
a2rngJZ8G9U-00292-00067568-00067791 me naomi is this and i did a thread
a2rngJZ8G9U-00293-00067792-00068094 yesterday because i get really agitated
a2rngJZ8G9U-00294-00068095-00068335 about where i think this administration
a2rngJZ8G9U-00295-00068336-00068550 is going right now and the mistakes i
a2rngJZ8G9U-00296-00068551-00068950 see them making so here's what we have
a2rngJZ8G9U-00297-00068951-00069206 the buying administration says 2.25
a2rngJZ8G9U-00298-00069207-00069335 that's what they come out with and they
a2rngJZ8G9U-00299-00069336-00069582 want to pay for every penny of it
a2rngJZ8G9U-00300-00069583-00069806 mostly through increased taxes on
a2rngJZ8G9U-00301-00069807-00069959 corporations they want to take the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00302-00069960-00070263 corporate income tax rate from 21
a2rngJZ8G9U-00303-00070264-00070582 back up uh up to 28 right republicans
a2rngJZ8G9U-00304-00070583-00070782 dropped it from 35 percent to 21.
a2rngJZ8G9U-00305-00070783-00071062 democrats want to go from 21 to 28. well
a2rngJZ8G9U-00306-00071063-00071343 biden does but already a number of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00307-00071344-00071567 democrats are saying no they're pushing
a2rngJZ8G9U-00308-00071568-00071743 back they don't want to go to 28 they're
a2rngJZ8G9U-00309-00071744-00071911 buying into this we'll lose
a2rngJZ8G9U-00310-00071912-00072094 competitiveness and all that sort of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00311-00072095-00072406 stuff maybe we'll go to 25. now
a2rngJZ8G9U-00312-00072407-00072615 as soon as you do that you've given up
a2rngJZ8G9U-00313-00072616-00072862 some revenue so then what do you do do
a2rngJZ8G9U-00314-00072863-00073094 you then scale down the ambition of your
a2rngJZ8G9U-00315-00073095-00073279 spending package because you've lost
a2rngJZ8G9U-00316-00073280-00073543 some revenue so you say well we can only
a2rngJZ8G9U-00317-00073544-00073743 do a smaller package now do you start
a2rngJZ8G9U-00318-00073744-00073919 fighting over different taxes to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00319-00073920-00074191 increase do you really think do you
a2rngJZ8G9U-00320-00074192-00074438 really think that in this senate that we
a2rngJZ8G9U-00321-00074439-00074567 have today
a2rngJZ8G9U-00322-00074568-00074911 that you have 50 democrats who will vote
a2rngJZ8G9U-00323-00074912-00075262 for a slew of tax increases i guarantee
a2rngJZ8G9U-00324-00075263-00075503 you there is no there is not support for
a2rngJZ8G9U-00325-00075504-00075719 a wealth tax forget about it
a2rngJZ8G9U-00326-00075720-00075943 impossible what about all the rest of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00327-00075944-00076159 the things that you might imagine that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00328-00076160-00076326 democrats could do that you're gonna
a2rngJZ8G9U-00329-00076327-00076623 have a hell of a fight i'm i'm seriously
a2rngJZ8G9U-00330-00076624-00076855 concerned that the votes aren't there if
a2rngJZ8G9U-00331-00076856-00077087 the votes are there terrific go for it
a2rngJZ8G9U-00332-00077088-00077231 they're not there joe manchin's not
a2rngJZ8G9U-00333-00077232-00077471 gonna vote for a tax increase yeah so so
a2rngJZ8G9U-00334-00077472-00077599 here's the thing that i said in this
a2rngJZ8G9U-00335-00077600-00077750 thread i said if the votes are there
a2rngJZ8G9U-00336-00077751-00078023 great go knock yourselves out push taxes
a2rngJZ8G9U-00337-00078024-00078335 up do your offsets and and you know play
a2rngJZ8G9U-00338-00078336-00078550 play the pay for game go do it
a2rngJZ8G9U-00339-00078551-00078735 but what if the votes aren't there i
a2rngJZ8G9U-00340-00078736-00078967 want to know that there's a plan b and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00341-00078968-00079231 so i suggested a plan b yesterday the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00342-00079232-00079519 irs commissioner testified yesterday
a2rngJZ8G9U-00343-00079520-00079662 before i think the senate finance
a2rngJZ8G9U-00344-00079663-00079879 committee uh senator wyden's committee
a2rngJZ8G9U-00345-00079880-00080094 the irs commissioner comes in and he
a2rngJZ8G9U-00346-00080095-00080382 sits down and he says you know if we had
a2rngJZ8G9U-00347-00080383-00080687 enough funding to enforce the tax laws
a2rngJZ8G9U-00348-00080688-00081055 that are already on the books we could
a2rngJZ8G9U-00349-00081056-00081431 get an extra one trillion dollars a year
a2rngJZ8G9U-00350-00081432-00081775 that's 10 trillion over 10 years which
a2rngJZ8G9U-00351-00081776-00081943 by the way is the same number that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00352-00081944-00082223 people like ed markey and aoc are saying
a2rngJZ8G9U-00353-00082224-00082326 we should be
a2rngJZ8G9U-00354-00082327-00082711 10 trillion not 2.25 so kelton comes on
a2rngJZ8G9U-00355-00082712-00082887 and does a big twitter thread and says
a2rngJZ8G9U-00356-00082888-00083150 hey has anybody noticed that there's 10
a2rngJZ8G9U-00357-00083151-00083343 trillion in low-hanging fruit here you
a2rngJZ8G9U-00358-00083344-00083582 don't have to vote to raise a single tax
a2rngJZ8G9U-00359-00083583-00083847 give the irs the resources they need let
a2rngJZ8G9U-00360-00083848-00084071 them go out and generate you 10 trillion
a2rngJZ8G9U-00361-00084072-00084287 and go for the much bigger package so
a2rngJZ8G9U-00362-00084288-00084511 that's where i am yeah that sounds great
a2rngJZ8G9U-00363-00084512-00084718 to me and i i definitely think
a2rngJZ8G9U-00364-00084719-00084894 strategically
a2rngJZ8G9U-00365-00084895-00085118 the push needs to be to just spend and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00366-00085119-00085406 don't hold it back just spend improve
a2rngJZ8G9U-00367-00085407-00085647 people's material lives and get a bigger
a2rngJZ8G9U-00368-00085648-00085862 majority um because this is just too
a2rngJZ8G9U-00369-00085863-00086062 close it gives way too much power to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00370-00086063-00086326 certain people um and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00371-00086327-00086599 and and and they will fight that too
a2rngJZ8G9U-00372-00086600-00086894 because of what jana said earlier about
a2rngJZ8G9U-00373-00086895-00087079 what austerity is really about it's
a2rngJZ8G9U-00374-00087080-00087415 about disciplining uh a workforce and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00375-00087416-00087550 you know as you were talking honest
a2rngJZ8G9U-00376-00087551-00087831 about mr peel i was remembering
a2rngJZ8G9U-00377-00087832-00088206 this quote um from a dupont executive uh
a2rngJZ8G9U-00378-00088207-00088282 in
a2rngJZ8G9U-00379-00088283-00088655 1933 opposing fdr's new deal and i think
a2rngJZ8G9U-00380-00088656-00088887 it was 33 maybe it was 34
a2rngJZ8G9U-00381-00088888-00089071 where he was complaining
a2rngJZ8G9U-00382-00089072-00089159 that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00383-00089160-00089375 he had lost five servants
a2rngJZ8G9U-00384-00089376-00089615 because the government was paying
a2rngJZ8G9U-00385-00089616-00089887 such good wages for people to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00386-00089888-00090175 uh to build things and paint things um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00387-00090176-00090318 and he wasn't able to hold on to his
a2rngJZ8G9U-00388-00090319-00090550 household staff it was just a disaster
a2rngJZ8G9U-00389-00090551-00090782 for him right um and i think if we think
a2rngJZ8G9U-00390-00090783-00091094 about that as a microcosm for what um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00391-00091095-00091262 silicon valley is really going to be
a2rngJZ8G9U-00392-00091263-00091447 worried about and think about the the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00393-00091448-00091703 recent union drive at an amazon
a2rngJZ8G9U-00394-00091704-00091959 warehouse that failed but it failed in a
a2rngJZ8G9U-00395-00091960-00092206 context where there was no competition
a2rngJZ8G9U-00396-00092207-00092479 if you listen to workers in bessemer um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00397-00092480-00092671 who voted against the union it's like
a2rngJZ8G9U-00398-00092672-00092974 look this is a an abusive job it it's
a2rngJZ8G9U-00399-00092975-00093247 punishing on the body but it pays 15 an
a2rngJZ8G9U-00400-00093248-00093399 hour and it has some benefits and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00401-00093400-00093687 they're the only ones offering it right
a2rngJZ8G9U-00402-00093688-00093926 um so you know we need to be thinking
a2rngJZ8G9U-00403-00093927-00094294 about front loading um the the direct
a2rngJZ8G9U-00404-00094295-00094582 creation of of well-paying job in part
a2rngJZ8G9U-00405-00094583-00094703 because
a2rngJZ8G9U-00406-00094704-00094871 that empowers
a2rngJZ8G9U-00407-00094872-00095023 workers
a2rngJZ8G9U-00408-00095024-00095238 to demand more right because they're
a2rngJZ8G9U-00409-00095239-00095399 going to be the force that are going to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00410-00095400-00095615 be demanding and and related to this is
a2rngJZ8G9U-00411-00095616-00095743 the push for
a2rngJZ8G9U-00412-00095744-00095967 um better protections for for
a2rngJZ8G9U-00413-00095968-00096255 unionization under the pro act which um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00414-00096256-00096399 i think is another really key piece of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00415-00096400-00096591 this so how how do we change the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00416-00096592-00096887 dynamics so that we can win that full 10
a2rngJZ8G9U-00417-00096888-00097103 10 trillion to actually
a2rngJZ8G9U-00418-00097104-00097215 um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00419-00097216-00097431 deal with the climate crisis
a2rngJZ8G9U-00420-00097432-00097671 yeah you know just earlier today i read
a2rngJZ8G9U-00421-00097672-00097991 that um on this very day a number of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00422-00097992-00098182 republicans in the senate are
a2rngJZ8G9U-00423-00098183-00098350 introducing a bill
a2rngJZ8G9U-00424-00098351-00098591 to establish one of these fiscal
a2rngJZ8G9U-00425-00098592-00098791 responsibility commissions like a
a2rngJZ8G9U-00426-00098792-00099143 simpson bulls 2.0 and they want this
a2rngJZ8G9U-00427-00099144-00099343 this they want to assemble a bipartisan
a2rngJZ8G9U-00428-00099344-00099447 commission
a2rngJZ8G9U-00429-00099448-00099631 and charge them with the mandate of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00430-00099632-00100015 working together on a plan to balance
a2rngJZ8G9U-00431-00100016-00100294 the budget so if you're when you say
a2rngJZ8G9U-00432-00100295-00100415 they're going to fight back and make
a2rngJZ8G9U-00433-00100416-00100687 sure that that money is not spent on
a2rngJZ8G9U-00434-00100688-00100911 poor people on improving the lives
a2rngJZ8G9U-00435-00100912-00101079 materially of people and dealing with
a2rngJZ8G9U-00436-00101080-00101335 climate this is all part of the way that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00437-00101336-00101518 they're laying attempting to lay the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00438-00101519-00101679 foundation for that now i hope that they
a2rngJZ8G9U-00439-00101680-00102006 won't find a single democrat to sign on
a2rngJZ8G9U-00440-00102007-00102311 you know to that uh legislation but
a2rngJZ8G9U-00441-00102312-00102463 you know you've got a number of these
a2rngJZ8G9U-00442-00102464-00102775 people who for many years have flexed
a2rngJZ8G9U-00443-00102776-00103147 their you know uh fiscal hockey bona
a2rngJZ8G9U-00444-00103148-00103502 fides and and viewed themselves as you
a2rngJZ8G9U-00445-00103503-00103775 know hawkish on uh the budget and so
a2rngJZ8G9U-00446-00103776-00104015 forth so i get worried about
a2rngJZ8G9U-00447-00104016-00104223 you know a number of of democratic
a2rngJZ8G9U-00448-00104224-00104430 senators who might
a2rngJZ8G9U-00449-00104431-00104686 align with these republicans around the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00450-00104688-00104871 establishment of a commission like this
a2rngJZ8G9U-00451-00104872-00105071 which would just undermine
a2rngJZ8G9U-00452-00105072-00105358 completely the progressive agenda
a2rngJZ8G9U-00453-00105359-00105647 and and i think we need to um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00454-00105648-00105775 be really clear that whether we're
a2rngJZ8G9U-00455-00105776-00105919 talking about the us or we're talking
a2rngJZ8G9U-00456-00105920-00106190 about the uk or or certainly in i'm in
a2rngJZ8G9U-00457-00106191-00106343 canada right now
a2rngJZ8G9U-00458-00106344-00106454 um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00459-00106455-00106751 you know austerity
a2rngJZ8G9U-00460-00106752-00106958 a lot of it plays out not at the federal
a2rngJZ8G9U-00461-00106959-00107151 level right i mean it's about cities
a2rngJZ8G9U-00462-00107152-00107310 it's about it's about provinces and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00463-00107311-00107495 states and you know this is what's
a2rngJZ8G9U-00464-00107496-00107766 determining education budgets which and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00465-00107767-00108023 we're already starting to hear the first
a2rngJZ8G9U-00466-00108024-00108247 cries of look you know we lost our tax
a2rngJZ8G9U-00467-00108248-00108527 base we can't afford public transit we
a2rngJZ8G9U-00468-00108528-00108783 can't afford to pay for education and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00469-00108783-00108958 brian i really want to come back to your
a2rngJZ8G9U-00470-00108959-00109102 question around
a2rngJZ8G9U-00471-00109103-00109286 what about growth because i think we
a2rngJZ8G9U-00472-00109288-00109447 haven't tackled that and i think that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00473-00109448-00109631 that is the elephant in the room and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00474-00109632-00109902 it's actually
a2rngJZ8G9U-00475-00109903-00110175 weirdly possible that we could spend
a2rngJZ8G9U-00476-00110176-00110358 trillions of dollars building out green
a2rngJZ8G9U-00477-00110359-00110558 infrastructure and increase carbon
a2rngJZ8G9U-00478-00110559-00110751 emissions because
a2rngJZ8G9U-00479-00110752-00111039 if we aren't dealing with consumption um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00480-00111040-00111343 it it it's possible to have
a2rngJZ8G9U-00481-00111344-00111695 a a green carbon boom uh as as
a2rngJZ8G9U-00482-00111696-00111927 contradictory as that is so what we need
a2rngJZ8G9U-00483-00111928-00112183 to be doing is investing in low-carbon
a2rngJZ8G9U-00484-00112183-00112471 sectors we need to be
a2rngJZ8G9U-00485-00112472-00112647 we need to be looking at what actually
a2rngJZ8G9U-00486-00112648-00112902 improves quality of life
a2rngJZ8G9U-00487-00112903-00113263 and investing in uh
a2rngJZ8G9U-00488-00113264-00113358 you know
a2rngJZ8G9U-00489-00113359-00113566 access to nature
a2rngJZ8G9U-00490-00113567-00113758 recreation
a2rngJZ8G9U-00491-00113759-00114031 giving people shorter work weeks
a2rngJZ8G9U-00492-00114032-00114271 really investing in well-being and the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00493-00114272-00114631 care economy and moving away from from
a2rngJZ8G9U-00494-00114632-00114831 endless consumption fighting for the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00495-00114832-00115166 right to repair um and and and and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00496-00115167-00115486 dealing with the the mentality that we
a2rngJZ8G9U-00497-00115488-00115734 can just shift from fossil fuel
a2rngJZ8G9U-00498-00115735-00115966 extraction to green energy and live
a2rngJZ8G9U-00499-00115967-00116143 exactly how we're living as our daddy
a2rngJZ8G9U-00500-00116144-00116319 roy says you know middle-class
a2rngJZ8G9U-00501-00116320-00116478 environmentalists ask the question how
a2rngJZ8G9U-00502-00116479-00116686 do we change without changing
a2rngJZ8G9U-00503-00116688-00116943 um and the answer is
a2rngJZ8G9U-00504-00116944-00117151 we don't we actually have to change how
a2rngJZ8G9U-00505-00117152-00117319 we live um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00506-00117320-00117558 and so um so i think that that's that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00507-00117559-00117927 that's a really really key question um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00508-00117928-00118031 and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00509-00118032-00118158 yeah i
a2rngJZ8G9U-00510-00118159-00118343 i also think that whether we're dealing
a2rngJZ8G9U-00511-00118344-00118623 with a revenge of the real is another
a2rngJZ8G9U-00512-00118624-00118775 important question because i think in
a2rngJZ8G9U-00513-00118776-00118975 some ways we are and in another way
a2rngJZ8G9U-00514-00118976-00119223 we're dealing with a retreat into
a2rngJZ8G9U-00515-00119224-00119439 screens
a2rngJZ8G9U-00516-00119440-00119702 and this brings up my other austerity
a2rngJZ8G9U-00517-00119703-00119807 fear
a2rngJZ8G9U-00518-00119808-00120071 which is what the agenda is of silicon
a2rngJZ8G9U-00519-00120072-00120278 valley and all this
a2rngJZ8G9U-00520-00120279-00120463 because what i worry about is cities
a2rngJZ8G9U-00521-00120464-00120734 going broke and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00522-00120735-00121054 um and then smart cities coming in as
a2rngJZ8G9U-00523-00121055-00121175 the fix
a2rngJZ8G9U-00524-00121176-00121407 and i'll give an example from toronto
a2rngJZ8G9U-00525-00121408-00121743 where uh google tried to um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00526-00121744-00121886 uh
a2rngJZ8G9U-00527-00121888-00122014 they tried to use toronto as this
a2rngJZ8G9U-00528-00122015-00122223 laboratory for the smart city idea so
a2rngJZ8G9U-00529-00122224-00122471 they tried to um do this thing called
a2rngJZ8G9U-00530-00122472-00122647 google has this division called sidewalk
a2rngJZ8G9U-00531-00122648-00122863 labs and they were going to do sidewalk
a2rngJZ8G9U-00532-00122864-00123102 toronto basically their pitch was
a2rngJZ8G9U-00533-00123103-00123199 to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00534-00123200-00123454 the toronto city council you can't fix
a2rngJZ8G9U-00535-00123455-00123695 the potholes you can't invest in green
a2rngJZ8G9U-00536-00123696-00124063 energy you can't invest in in in um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00537-00124064-00124278 public transit we'll do it all we'll
a2rngJZ8G9U-00538-00124279-00124502 build a beautiful emerald green city but
a2rngJZ8G9U-00539-00124503-00124695 we're also going to put you all under
a2rngJZ8G9U-00540-00124696-00124863 the most intense surveillance of data
a2rngJZ8G9U-00541-00124864-00125119 extraction you know that we see anywhere
a2rngJZ8G9U-00542-00125120-00125278 outside of china
a2rngJZ8G9U-00543-00125279-00125471 and thankfully toronto fought back and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00544-00125472-00125614 in the middle of the pandemic and it was
a2rngJZ8G9U-00545-00125615-00125823 just a little you know footnote to all
a2rngJZ8G9U-00546-00125824-00126110 the drama um google pulled out of the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00547-00126111-00126302 sidewalk labs canceled their toronto
a2rngJZ8G9U-00548-00126303-00126502 contract but the ceo of sidewalk labs
a2rngJZ8G9U-00549-00126503-00126710 when they pulled out said
a2rngJZ8G9U-00550-00126711-00126886 we don't think we got off on the right
a2rngJZ8G9U-00551-00126888-00127078 foot with toronto
a2rngJZ8G9U-00552-00127079-00127319 but we see all kinds of post-pandemic
a2rngJZ8G9U-00553-00127320-00127486 opportunities
a2rngJZ8G9U-00554-00127488-00127710 and what i read between the lines there
a2rngJZ8G9U-00555-00127711-00127943 is cities around the world are going to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00556-00127944-00128134 be dead broke and we're going to come in
a2rngJZ8G9U-00557-00128135-00128327 and save the day and we just have to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00558-00128328-00128519 have this on our radar in how we think
a2rngJZ8G9U-00559-00128520-00128686 about what what the next phase of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00560-00128688-00128943 austerity looks like it's trading our
a2rngJZ8G9U-00561-00128944-00129063 privacy
a2rngJZ8G9U-00562-00129064-00129158 for
a2rngJZ8G9U-00563-00129159-00129254 um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00564-00129255-00129558 you know this kind of tech enclosure and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00565-00129559-00129943 privatization through the back door
a2rngJZ8G9U-00566-00129944-00130351 name one thing i would add on um
a2rngJZ8G9U-00567-00130352-00130639 on the growth issue is this
a2rngJZ8G9U-00568-00130640-00130966 you know for so many years the obsession
a2rngJZ8G9U-00569-00130967-00131159 was with
a2rngJZ8G9U-00570-00131160-00131383 that so-called debt sustainability and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00571-00131384-00131678 with debt to gdp ratios right this idea
a2rngJZ8G9U-00572-00131679-00131871 that there was some
a2rngJZ8G9U-00573-00131872-00132078 for a while we were told tipping points
a2rngJZ8G9U-00574-00132079-00132287 that if countries allow their debt
a2rngJZ8G9U-00575-00132288-00132647 relative to their gdp to reach 90 this
a2rngJZ8G9U-00576-00132648-00132895 is a threshold of some kind you tip over
a2rngJZ8G9U-00577-00132896-00133095 the 90
a2rngJZ8G9U-00578-00133096-00133287 level and then a lot of bad things
a2rngJZ8G9U-00579-00133288-00133447 happen the risk of fiscal crises and
a2rngJZ8G9U-00580-00133448-00133583 slower growth and all this stuff right
a2rngJZ8G9U-00581-00133584-00133919 so the countries that saw their debt
a2rngJZ8G9U-00582-00133920-00134143 may be approaching that so-called
a2rngJZ8G9U-00583-00134144-00134390 tipping point then become obsessed with
a2rngJZ8G9U-00584-00134391-00134647 trying to wrestle the debt ratio
a2rngJZ8G9U-00585-00134648-00134919 down and giannis talked in the opening
a2rngJZ8G9U-00586-00134920-00135039 about you know that how
a2rngJZ8G9U-00587-00135040-00135302 counterproductive austerity is so you
a2rngJZ8G9U-00588-00135303-00135599 start focusing on the numerator the debt
a2rngJZ8G9U-00589-00135600-00135799 how do we bring the debt down austerity
a2rngJZ8G9U-00590-00135800-00135975 so you start cutting spending but one
a2rngJZ8G9U-00591-00135976-00136143 person spending is another person's
a2rngJZ8G9U-00592-00136144-00136335 income and so you undermine the ability
a2rngJZ8G9U-00593-00136336-00136543 of that person to spend in an economy
a2rngJZ8G9U-00594-00136544-00136887 that runs on sales right capitalism runs
a2rngJZ8G9U-00595-00136888-00137095 on sales which generate revenue which
a2rngJZ8G9U-00596-00137096-00137263 generates the profit that makes
a2rngJZ8G9U-00597-00137264-00137631 capitalism viable so you you
a2rngJZ8G9U-00598-00137632-00137911 adopt austerity to try to target the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00599-00137912-00138119 numerator the debt
a2rngJZ8G9U-00600-00138120-00138463 as in an attempt to reduce the numerator
a2rngJZ8G9U-00601-00138464-00138663 to bring the whole ratio down but what
a2rngJZ8G9U-00602-00138664-00138951 happens is you crush the economy so gdp
a2rngJZ8G9U-00603-00138952-00139175 falls so the ratio actually gets bigger
a2rngJZ8G9U-00604-00139176-00139366 so austerity doesn't work but the other
a2rngJZ8G9U-00605-00139367-00139487 piece is
a2rngJZ8G9U-00606-00139488-00139799 that we become obsessed
a2rngJZ8G9U-00607-00139800-00140023 with the idea of growing our way out of
a2rngJZ8G9U-00608-00140024-00140351 debt so if you focus on the denominator
a2rngJZ8G9U-00609-00140352-00140631 instead of the numerator then the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00610-00140632-00140814 strategy the economic strategy can
a2rngJZ8G9U-00611-00140815-00141111 become we just need to grow really fast
a2rngJZ8G9U-00612-00141112-00141366 and if we can grow fast enough we can
a2rngJZ8G9U-00613-00141367-00141647 outrun our debt problem and so i think
a2rngJZ8G9U-00614-00141648-00141911 in a lot of ways for many countries the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00615-00141912-00142199 the obsession with growth is very much
a2rngJZ8G9U-00616-00142200-00142399 bound up with this obsession that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00617-00142400-00142687 countries have about the idea that the
a2rngJZ8G9U-00618-00142688-00142895 debt is unsustainable that it represents
a2rngJZ8G9U-00619-00142896-00143071 a burden on the future and that you've
a2rngJZ8G9U-00620-00143072-00143351 got to get the you know get the ratio
a2rngJZ8G9U-00621-00143352-00143535 down in order to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00622-00143536-00143839 you know a fiscally sustainable um sort
a2rngJZ8G9U-00623-00143840-00144111 of situation and and i think that that
a2rngJZ8G9U-00624-00144112-00144407 then feeds this um this growth obsession
a2rngJZ8G9U-00625-00144408-00144623 which naomi's talking about we have to
a2rngJZ8G9U-00626-00144624-00144888 get away from
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00000-00000096-00000323 busy day here in Plumas County and
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00001-00000324-00000539 Sierra County area I just visited five
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00002-00000540-00000707 clients today who are considering
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00003-00000708-00000850 putting their home on the market but
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00004-00000851-00000989 some of them just wanted a property
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00005-00000990-00001187 evaluation to see what their house is
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00006-00001188-00001391 worth and if they should remodel or what
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00007-00001392-00001535 they should do because maybe they're
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00008-00001536-00001673 going to sell in the future or they're
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00009-00001673-00001871 just curious so reach out to me if you
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00010-00001872-00002014 have questions about this I'd love to
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00011-00002016-00002218 help you it's a free service wanted to
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00012-00002219-00002441 invite you to my seller's seminar April
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00013-00002442-00002758 20th at 6 PM Coyote Bar and Grill stop
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00014-00002759-00002957 by for an appetizer and a drink I'd love
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00015-00002958-00003179 to talk to you about the market what's
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00016-00003180-00003359 going on and even if you're not
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00017-00003360-00003515 interested in selling it's great
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00018-00003515-00003731 information hope to see you there thanks
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00019-00003732-00003922 for sharing this video don't forget my
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00020-00003923-00004033 website
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00021-00004034-00004241 ambercellsiseras.com enjoy this
a4B9Rbb6tA0-00022-00004242-00004496 beautiful sun
a65pSn9yYf0-00000-00000608-00000686 i
a65pSn9yYf0-00001-00000687-00001183 don't know what love is
a65pSn9yYf0-00002-00001184-00001327 but i know
a65pSn9yYf0-00003-00001328-00001415 how
a65pSn9yYf0-00004-00001416-00001871 missing feels
a65pSn9yYf0-00005-00001872-00001959 i
a65pSn9yYf0-00006-00001960-00002431 know my family
a65pSn9yYf0-00007-00002432-00003071 is all i need but i feel empty
a65pSn9yYf0-00008-00003072-00003166 i
a65pSn9yYf0-00009-00003167-00003303 want
a65pSn9yYf0-00010-00003304-00003454 to go
a65pSn9yYf0-00011-00003455-00003622 back to
a65pSn9yYf0-00012-00003623-00004322 where i could feel like i am home
a65pSn9yYf0-00013-00004323-00005759 [Music]
a65pSn9yYf0-00014-00005760-00005838 i
a65pSn9yYf0-00015-00005839-00006334 was trying to replace
a65pSn9yYf0-00016-00006335-00007014 my heart by someone like her face
a65pSn9yYf0-00017-00007015-00007567 i felt better than i could ever
a65pSn9yYf0-00018-00007568-00008034 i hope but it did not last
a65pSn9yYf0-00019-00008036-00008207 forever
a65pSn9yYf0-00020-00008208-00008363 and i
a65pSn9yYf0-00021-00008364-00009687 want to
a65pSn9yYf0-00022-00009688-00010782 she stole my soul and my heart now is
a65pSn9yYf0-00023-00010783-00011419 [Music]
a65pSn9yYf0-00024-00011420-00012280 [Music]
a65pSn9yYf0-00025-00012281-00013485 [Music]
a65pSn9yYf0-00026-00013486-00013975 [Music]
a65pSn9yYf0-00027-00013976-00015399 these songs
a65pSn9yYf0-00028-00015400-00015744 stayed on
a65pSn9yYf0-00029-00015746-00016127 [Music]
a65pSn9yYf0-00030-00016128-00017316 hurry for
a65pSn9yYf0-00031-00017317-00017807 [Music]
a65pSn9yYf0-00032-00017808-00018047 these songs
a65pSn9yYf0-00033-00018048-00018191 but i
a65pSn9yYf0-00034-00018192-00019480 won't start
a65pSn9yYf0-00035-00019481-00021527 [Music]
a65pSn9yYf0-00036-00021528-00021950 i'm inside of my dark mind
a65pSn9yYf0-00037-00021951-00022311 that it would never set me kind can't
a65pSn9yYf0-00038-00022312-00022550 find a way
a65pSn9yYf0-00039-00022551-00023103 but i believe in pride i have something
a65pSn9yYf0-00040-00023104-00023422 to describe
a65pSn9yYf0-00041-00023423-00023694 that no one could ever
a65pSn9yYf0-00042-00023695-00023995 define
as8egk1oWzk-00000-00000649-00001027 [Music]
as8egk1oWzk-00001-00001028-00002469 thank you
as8egk1oWzk-00002-00002470-00002599 [Music]
as8egk1oWzk-00003-00002600-00002815 [Applause]
as8egk1oWzk-00004-00002816-00003116 oh oh
asT3RaY1grk-00000-00001056-00001257 on a mission from God
asT3RaY1grk-00001-00001258-00002165 I want to give some shoutouts to some
asT3RaY1grk-00002-00002166-00002364 very respectable people and some fellow
asT3RaY1grk-00003-00002365-00002529 machine freaks that went ahead and made
asT3RaY1grk-00004-00002530-00002774 this 3d machines production possible by
asT3RaY1grk-00005-00002775-00002993 going for machine rich comm those people
asT3RaY1grk-00006-00002994-00003338 include josh woody jacob see miss TS
asT3RaY1grk-00007-00003339-00003699 jonathan m donovan w austin s you have
asT3RaY1grk-00008-00003700-00003945 an amazing last name that's awesome
asT3RaY1grk-00009-00003946-00004245 connor h and martha f i also want to
asT3RaY1grk-00010-00004246-00004361 give some shoutouts to the people that
asT3RaY1grk-00011-00004362-00004545 pre-ordered the crushed t-shirts and
asT3RaY1grk-00012-00004546-00004740 long-sleeve shirts like this even me
asT3RaY1grk-00013-00004741-00004893 myself i haven't got one yet so as soon
asT3RaY1grk-00014-00004894-00005049 as you guys get yours I'll be getting
asT3RaY1grk-00015-00005050-00005195 mine and then we'll be rockin all this
asT3RaY1grk-00016-00005196-00005234 together
asT3RaY1grk-00017-00005235-00005477 Bryan V you also have a cool name Robert
asT3RaY1grk-00018-00005478-00005777 T and Shane end thank you guys very much
asT3RaY1grk-00019-00005778-00005981 what's up ladies and gentlemen hope you
asT3RaY1grk-00020-00005982-00006186 guys are enjoying your day I have Jason
asT3RaY1grk-00021-00006187-00006450 and Jake following me in their vehicles
asT3RaY1grk-00022-00006451-00006708 we went out today we wanted to try to
asT3RaY1grk-00023-00006709-00006920 get a camper you guys saw me looking at
asT3RaY1grk-00024-00006922-00007106 those campers before we went to look at
asT3RaY1grk-00025-00007108-00007251 them and try to get one today
asT3RaY1grk-00026-00007252-00007623 unfortunately they gave that camper away
asT3RaY1grk-00027-00007623-00007998 I guess we'll talk a little bit while
asT3RaY1grk-00028-00007998-00008190 we're waiting for Jake we came so
asT3RaY1grk-00029-00008191-00008307 prepared you guys we brought
asT3RaY1grk-00030-00008308-00008508 walkie-talkies the other plates we had
asT3RaY1grk-00031-00008509-00008799 everything all situated raised this
asT3RaY1grk-00032-00008800-00009090 trailer like this is communication is a
asT3RaY1grk-00033-00009091-00009261 wonderful wonderful thing this will put
asT3RaY1grk-00034-00009262-00009492 these that's what put us humans before
asT3RaY1grk-00035-00009493-00009666 all the animals our minds and our
asT3RaY1grk-00036-00009667-00009894 communication anyways we're gonna head
asT3RaY1grk-00037-00009895-00010068 back to the warehouse I think and go
asT3RaY1grk-00038-00010069-00010266 check out crush go from there start
asT3RaY1grk-00039-00010267-00010360 today
asT3RaY1grk-00040-00010361-00010603 today has been unsuccessful so far but
asT3RaY1grk-00041-00010604-00010979 hopefully it becomes more successful I
asT3RaY1grk-00042-00010980-00011778 [Music]
asT3RaY1grk-00043-00011779-00011986 told you we'd get back to the warehouse
asT3RaY1grk-00044-00011987-00012184 and take a step forward here we got a
asT3RaY1grk-00045-00012185-00012364 new shelf Jason brought it out got the
asT3RaY1grk-00046-00012365-00012520 welder under there the snow bikes
asT3RaY1grk-00047-00012521-00012688 halfway coming out we got our first
asT3RaY1grk-00048-00012689-00012901 shelf and we got a second shelf so now
asT3RaY1grk-00049-00012902-00013035 when we're working on crush we can like
asT3RaY1grk-00050-00013036-00013303 put crushed parts up here and then have
asT3RaY1grk-00051-00013304-00013491 the table cleared out and instead of
asT3RaY1grk-00052-00013493-00013618 having a bunch of junk I don't like
asT3RaY1grk-00053-00013619-00013825 there is right now I haven't touched the
asT3RaY1grk-00054-00013826-00014008 rock rails yet today we started the day
asT3RaY1grk-00055-00014009-00014191 at the trailer park trying to get a free
asT3RaY1grk-00056-00014191-00014386 trailer I mean can you blame me but now
asT3RaY1grk-00057-00014387-00014563 Jason must have on the first drive with
asT3RaY1grk-00058-00014563-00014713 crush so that's what we're gonna get
asT3RaY1grk-00059-00014713-00014941 ready to do we're gonna put these pieces
asT3RaY1grk-00060-00014941-00015319 of plastic on put his seat back in put a
asT3RaY1grk-00061-00015319-00015547 portion of my seat back in and then take
asT3RaY1grk-00062-00015547-00015619 this thing for a ride
asT3RaY1grk-00063-00015619-00015897 Jake warned Jason Jason what Jake say
asT3RaY1grk-00064-00015898-00016162 about this thing is it quick yeah this
asT3RaY1grk-00065-00016163-00016291 is pretty quick yeah
asT3RaY1grk-00066-00016291-00016540 that's sketchy I mean it might be a
asT3RaY1grk-00067-00016541-00016810 little sketchy but I am eventually going
asT3RaY1grk-00068-00016811-00017005 to a brat crush I also I'm going to
asT3RaY1grk-00069-00017006-00017215 paint a lot of this stuff on here such
asT3RaY1grk-00070-00017216-00017475 as the shocks in my rock rails or tree
asT3RaY1grk-00071-00017476-00017640 bars or whatever you want to call them
asT3RaY1grk-00072-00017641-00017935 I'm thinking I'm gonna do the shacks the
asT3RaY1grk-00073-00017936-00018169 rock rails and then the rear shocks all
asT3RaY1grk-00074-00018170-00018463 the same color I'm thinking blue Jason's
asT3RaY1grk-00075-00018464-00018669 thinking like a gray color I'm thinking
asT3RaY1grk-00076-00018670-00018880 like this blue new tire should be on
asT3RaY1grk-00077-00018881-00018916 their way
asT3RaY1grk-00078-00018917-00019147 I ordered rear CV excells to because we
asT3RaY1grk-00079-00019148-00019297 have that crunch in the back right now
asT3RaY1grk-00080-00019298-00019503 got brand new ones in the front we also
asT3RaY1grk-00081-00019504-00019642 were gonna do a we're gonna do a lot of
asT3RaY1grk-00082-00019643-00019771 stuff we're like we're gonna relocate
asT3RaY1grk-00083-00019772-00019936 the radiator in the back we're gonna put
asT3RaY1grk-00084-00019937-00020113 the five-point harnesses on we're gonna
asT3RaY1grk-00085-00020114-00020400 put some nuts on here but for right now
asT3RaY1grk-00086-00020401-00020575 we're just worried about getting a seat
asT3RaY1grk-00087-00020576-00020719 installed so Jason can go for his first
asT3RaY1grk-00088-00020720-00020935 rip
asT3RaY1grk-00089-00020936-00022188 [Music]
asT3RaY1grk-00091-00025224-00026543 [Applause]
asT3RaY1grk-00092-00026544-00028208 [Music]
asT3RaY1grk-00093-00028210-00029170 [Music]
asT3RaY1grk-00094-00029172-00031664 nothing likely and
asT3RaY1grk-00095-00031664-00031970 oh no way
asT3RaY1grk-00096-00031970-00032460 they're all down
asT3RaY1grk-00097-00032461-00033111 [Music]
asT3RaY1grk-00098-00033112-00033885 [Music]
asT3RaY1grk-00099-00033886-00034842 [Music]
asT3RaY1grk-00100-00034843-00035618 I got water it is
asT3RaY1grk-00102-00040642-00040824 because everything blocked off I can't
asT3RaY1grk-00103-00040825-00041030 go that way keep it that way
asT3RaY1grk-00104-00041031-00041336 I literally kept going
asT3RaY1grk-00105-00041337-00041583 it ain't going fast the builders
asT3RaY1grk-00106-00041584-00042498 no scrappy next
asT3RaY1grk-00107-00042499-00042741 we're gonna flip keep your hands up this
asT3RaY1grk-00109-00046248-00046667 erased
asT3RaY1grk-00110-00046668-00046970 they're freaking awesome now like dude
asT3RaY1grk-00111-00046971-00047192 you you gotta wait until we go to the
asT3RaY1grk-00112-00047193-00047396 wood
asT3RaY1grk-00113-00047397-00047890 ball team
asT3RaY1grk-00114-00047891-00048148 that seeks awesome thanks her thanks for
asT3RaY1grk-00115-00048149-00048318 being a victim
asT3RaY1grk-00116-00048319-00050120 thank you let it go yeah
asT3RaY1grk-00117-00050121-00050558 thanks for riding and you can get
asT3RaY1grk-00118-00050559-00051340 machine work to the gift shop well thank
asT3RaY1grk-00119-00051341-00052721 you for being my victims you got a clean
asT3RaY1grk-00120-00052722-00052994 crush you got her spread crush he
asT3RaY1grk-00121-00052995-00053228 respects us so we got to respect him I
asT3RaY1grk-00122-00053229-00053467 don't know I I'm really digging the blue
asT3RaY1grk-00123-00053469-00053648 I'm really digging the blue I think it
asT3RaY1grk-00124-00053649-00053819 would look good with blue shacks and
asT3RaY1grk-00125-00053820-00054116 blue tree bars we're all getting warm
asT3RaY1grk-00126-00054116-00054386 including crush he's done thawing is
asT3RaY1grk-00127-00054387-00054650 definitely digging it definitely digging
asT3RaY1grk-00128-00054651-00054803 it Jason's working on something we'll
asT3RaY1grk-00129-00054804-00055076 get to that in a second we rinsed off a
asT3RaY1grk-00130-00055077-00055235 lot of the snow and a lot of the dirt
asT3RaY1grk-00131-00055236-00055469 and you don't have those skid plates
asT3RaY1grk-00132-00055470-00055705 around there there's one of them I was
asT3RaY1grk-00133-00055707-00055838 able to actually get in there with a
asT3RaY1grk-00134-00055839-00055982 pressure washer and do a little bit of
asT3RaY1grk-00135-00055983-00056285 work so that it's a little bit lighter
asT3RaY1grk-00136-00056286-00056444 we get quite a bit of weight reduction
asT3RaY1grk-00137-00056445-00056692 we're gonna take off the shocks and some
asT3RaY1grk-00138-00056694-00056939 other miscellaneous things that cbx was
asT3RaY1grk-00139-00056940-00057122 knocking pretty good today that that new
asT3RaY1grk-00140-00057123-00057449 one will sound way way better on this
asT3RaY1grk-00141-00057450-00057746 section of fan mail we have this bench
asT3RaY1grk-00142-00057747-00058096 grinder that was given to us by Jason M
asT3RaY1grk-00143-00058097-00058397 this guy brought a brand new bench
asT3RaY1grk-00144-00058398-00058628 grinder all right well first of all why
asT3RaY1grk-00145-00058629-00058828 did you bring a bench grinder here
asT3RaY1grk-00146-00058829-00058986 [Music]
asT3RaY1grk-00147-00058987-00059229 you just he just shows up with a bench
asT3RaY1grk-00148-00059230-00059598 grinder he's like hey you need this
asT3RaY1grk-00149-00059599-00059931 he's rewiring it because we don't want
asT3RaY1grk-00150-00059932-00060199 wires sticking out anywhere so we
asT3RaY1grk-00151-00060200-00060460 literally took that wire off drilled a
asT3RaY1grk-00152-00060461-00060675 hole back here so you virtually will
asT3RaY1grk-00153-00060676-00060801 never see a lawyer
asT3RaY1grk-00154-00060802-00061123 however cut you off that's enough I'll
asT3RaY1grk-00155-00061124-00061326 have a person that donated the drill
asT3RaY1grk-00156-00061327-00061581 press to the 3d machines cause also said
asT3RaY1grk-00157-00061582-00062154 something froggy fresh in the mail I saw
asT3RaY1grk-00158-00062155-00062278 you got in the drill press so are the
asT3RaY1grk-00159-00062279-00062454 closes the tag you suggested for it
asT3RaY1grk-00160-00062455-00062623 ladies are actually on a piece of brass
asT3RaY1grk-00161-00062624-00062838 to the clear coat over it to keep it
asT3RaY1grk-00162-00062839-00063051 from tarnishing hope you like it oh we
asT3RaY1grk-00163-00063052-00063216 like it by the time you get this I
asT3RaY1grk-00164-00063217-00063385 should have a video up on its creation
asT3RaY1grk-00165-00063386-00063622 on my channel at alation productions
asT3RaY1grk-00166-00063623-00063801 then he goes on to say how about a shout
asT3RaY1grk-00167-00063802-00063951 out to my Instagram page elation
asT3RaY1grk-00168-00063952-00064087 innovation sits right there
asT3RaY1grk-00169-00064088-00064246 I would really appreciate it don't
asT3RaY1grk-00170-00064247-00064425 problem Kyle we can do that for ya thank
asT3RaY1grk-00171-00064426-00064561 you very much for the drill press as
asT3RaY1grk-00172-00064562-00065226 well we will install this right now do
asT3RaY1grk-00173-00065227-00065367 you think we can do that wiring thing
asT3RaY1grk-00174-00065369-00065590 over here to or actually that might not
asT3RaY1grk-00175-00065591-00065740 even work is that where it comes way out
asT3RaY1grk-00176-00065741-00066067 up there oh man I thought we were
asT3RaY1grk-00177-00066068-00066529 stepping up in the world well what are
asT3RaY1grk-00178-00066530-00066945 we doing here
asT3RaY1grk-00179-00066946-00067839 [Music]
asT3RaY1grk-00180-00067840-00069195 [Music]
asT3RaY1grk-00181-00069196-00069508 we got all the shacks out front and rear
asT3RaY1grk-00182-00069509-00069676 we've also discovered that I need new
asT3RaY1grk-00183-00069677-00069922 ball joints I need a few new bushings in
asT3RaY1grk-00184-00069923-00070165 the front end we actually had to take
asT3RaY1grk-00185-00070166-00070381 the muffler off and the headers to get
asT3RaY1grk-00186-00070382-00070639 two rear shocks out so yeah there's no
asT3RaY1grk-00187-00070640-00070804 muffler here it's sitting right there
asT3RaY1grk-00188-00070805-00071020 this thing basically looks really really
asT3RaY1grk-00189-00071021-00071251 bare and it's sitting extremely low
asT3RaY1grk-00190-00071252-00071503 considering what it usually sits at here
asT3RaY1grk-00191-00071504-00071644 are all four shocks
asT3RaY1grk-00192-00071645-00071890 I need a spanner wrench so I can get
asT3RaY1grk-00193-00071891-00072046 these springs right off of here
asT3RaY1grk-00194-00072047-00072214 I don't have any of that stuff so yeah
asT3RaY1grk-00195-00072215-00072337 I'm aha if you're watching this go ahead
asT3RaY1grk-00196-00072338-00072496 and send three machines have stuff do
asT3RaY1grk-00197-00072497-00072712 backs 1:22 it's in the description I
asT3RaY1grk-00198-00072713-00072889 really appreciate it Jason telling
asT3RaY1grk-00199-00072890-00072997 Yamaha that we would really appreciate
asT3RaY1grk-00200-00072998-00073224 that
asT3RaY1grk-00201-00073225-00074770 [Music]