wSIMdw4PATu-00000-00000032-00000191 [Dr. Debbie Nickerson] Okay, I've been asked today to talk about
wSIMdw4PATu-00001-00000194-00000625 genomics in population studies, and I think we're all
wSIMdw4PATu-00002-00000628-00001125 interested in understanding the link between --
wSIMdw4PATu-00003-00001128-00001464 we now have the complete genome sequence; we have a large
wSIMdw4PATu-00004-00001467-00001757 number of variation in the genome sequence,
wSIMdw4PATu-00005-00001760-00002177 the so-called single nucleotide substitutions or polymorphisms,
wSIMdw4PATu-00006-00002180-00002344 SNPs as they're called.
wSIMdw4PATu-00007-00002347-00002924 And we're interested in correlations between the
wSIMdw4PATu-00008-00002927-00003283 genotype and phenotype, but we know that this
wSIMdw4PATu-00009-00003286-00003611 does not happen in the absence of environmental modifiers.
wSIMdw4PATu-00010-00003614-00003971 And this is perhaps one of the most important aspects
wSIMdw4PATu-00011-00003974-00004269 that we face, is how not only
wSIMdw4PATu-00012-00004272-00004718 to have enough individuals to study to look at genotype
wSIMdw4PATu-00013-00004721-00004955 phenotype -- and I will say that many people are
wSIMdw4PATu-00014-00004958-00005223 performing studies of a thousand cases,
wSIMdw4PATu-00015-00005226-00005395 a thousand controls.
wSIMdw4PATu-00016-00005398-00005672 I think we need more on the order of 10,000 cases
wSIMdw4PATu-00017-00005675-00005950 and 10,000 controls to get there.
wSIMdw4PATu-00018-00005953-00006299 And we really don't have significant power yet,
wSIMdw4PATu-00019-00006302-00006491 but we're finding lots of things,
wSIMdw4PATu-00020-00006494-00007289 which is really very important, and is clearly stimulating the
wSIMdw4PATu-00021-00007292-00007607 development of more of these types of studies.
wSIMdw4PATu-00022-00007610-00007977 Now, I'd like to say a few words about genomics,
wSIMdw4PATu-00023-00007980-00008336 and the fact that we do large-scale projects,
wSIMdw4PATu-00024-00008339-00008825 and most often technology drives the development of the project,
wSIMdw4PATu-00025-00008828-00009103 and makes new things feasible.
wSIMdw4PATu-00026-00009106-00009543 For example, finding variation in the human genome made it
wSIMdw4PATu-00027-00009546-00009951 possible to genotype millions of variants and develop new
wSIMdw4PATu-00028-00009954-00010340 maps that are now being applied and used in these genome-wide
wSIMdw4PATu-00029-00010343-00010584 association studies.
wSIMdw4PATu-00030-00010587-00010770 These are collaborative projects, very similar
wSIMdw4PATu-00031-00010773-00011270 to epidemiological projects, where many groups,
wSIMdw4PATu-00032-00011273-00011608 independent groups contribute to the efforts.
wSIMdw4PATu-00033-00011611-00011977 Genomics meet frequently.
wSIMdw4PATu-00034-00011980-00012437 We all contribute to the work, and we're all authors.
wSIMdw4PATu-00035-00012440-00012755 We often don't pay attention to who's first and last,
wSIMdw4PATu-00036-00012758-00013083 because all the authors are considered full participants
wSIMdw4PATu-00037-00013086-00013285 in the study.
wSIMdw4PATu-00038-00013288-00013704 Data sharing -- we always drop our data in the database.
wSIMdw4PATu-00039-00013707-00013975 That's a must, to be a genomicist.
wSIMdw4PATu-00040-00013978-00014282 And I think it's a must to be a scientist of the future.
wSIMdw4PATu-00041-00014285-00014540 I think this has benefits to all.
wSIMdw4PATu-00042-00014543-00014979 If we didn't have the human genome database that we have
wSIMdw4PATu-00043-00014982-00015252 today, if we didn't have all the variants,
wSIMdw4PATu-00044-00015255-00015530 we wouldn't be able to do these GWA studies.
wSIMdw4PATu-00045-00015533-00015949 I think that having databases and being able to mine new
wSIMdw4PATu-00046-00015952-00016167 information is extremely important.
wSIMdw4PATu-00047-00016170-00016557 People are doing in silico computer experiments now that
wSIMdw4PATu-00048-00016560-00016828 they wouldn't even dream were possible five years ago,
wSIMdw4PATu-00049-00016831-00017078 because of all the data in the database.
wSIMdw4PATu-00050-00017081-00017445 So I would encourage data sharing.
wSIMdw4PATu-00051-00017448-00017723 I can say, as somebody who's dropped database --
wSIMdw4PATu-00052-00017726-00018102 dropped information in the database for years,
wSIMdw4PATu-00053-00018105-00018522 that people are extremely respectful of this type
wSIMdw4PATu-00054-00018525-00018734 of activity.
wSIMdw4PATu-00055-00018737-00019012 I often get contacted by colleagues that say,
wSIMdw4PATu-00056-00019015-00019251 "I'm going to work on your dataset, and this is what
wSIMdw4PATu-00057-00019254-00019341 I'm going to do.
wSIMdw4PATu-00058-00019344-00019474 Is this okay?"
wSIMdw4PATu-00059-00019477-00019650 And I always say yes, even if I'm working on it;
wSIMdw4PATu-00060-00019653-00019752 it doesn't matter.
wSIMdw4PATu-00061-00019755-00020201 I mean, everyone has access to the data,
wSIMdw4PATu-00062-00020204-00020489 and can mine new information out of it.
wSIMdw4PATu-00063-00020492-00020697 It's just really important.
wSIMdw4PATu-00064-00020700-00020990 This brings new analysis tools and insights.
wSIMdw4PATu-00065-00020993-00021308 We now have an idea of the genes in the genome,
wSIMdw4PATu-00066-00021311-00021748 and I will say that we only -- genes are just one part of the
wSIMdw4PATu-00067-00021751-00021945 function of the genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00068-00021948-00022162 There are many non-coding sequences.
wSIMdw4PATu-00069-00022165-00022496 In fact, the human genome is mostly non-coding sequences
wSIMdw4PATu-00070-00022499-00022992 that control the expression of the genes,
wSIMdw4PATu-00071-00022995-00023331 and their translation, and I think we need to
wSIMdw4PATu-00072-00023334-00023644 know more about these non-coding sequences.
wSIMdw4PATu-00073-00023647-00023891 You'll see that many of the studies -- if you go and read
wSIMdw4PATu-00074-00023894-00024250 these GWA studies, genome-wide association
wSIMdw4PATu-00075-00024253-00024548 studies -- end up in non-coding regions of the genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00076-00024551-00024710 There are no known genes there.
wSIMdw4PATu-00077-00024713-00024978 It doesn't mean that there aren't genes there;
wSIMdw4PATu-00078-00024981-00025140 we just haven't been able to find them yet.
wSIMdw4PATu-00079-00025143-00025347 We don't know if there's -- what the function is
wSIMdw4PATu-00080-00025350-00025499 or what it does.
wSIMdw4PATu-00081-00025502-00025858 Also, the variants that actually are associated
wSIMdw4PATu-00082-00025861-00026444 with the disease or phenotype are not necessarily the SNPs
wSIMdw4PATu-00083-00026447-00026696 that are functional.
wSIMdw4PATu-00084-00026699-00026945 They are associated with other SNPs,
wSIMdw4PATu-00085-00026948-00027252 perhaps nearby, that actually have functions.
wSIMdw4PATu-00086-00027255-00027823 So understanding the genes, the variation and the function
wSIMdw4PATu-00087-00027826-00028379 are important to genome scientists on a broad scale,
wSIMdw4PATu-00088-00028382-00028737 and this is extremely useful for population studies,
wSIMdw4PATu-00089-00028740-00029187 because they do give rise to the basic information that
wSIMdw4PATu-00090-00029190-00029450 can be mined by all.
wSIMdw4PATu-00091-00029453-00029627 I'm going to talk a little bit about genetic analysis
wSIMdw4PATu-00092-00029630-00029758 strategies, not much.
wSIMdw4PATu-00093-00029761-00030036 What we know about sequence variation in humans,
wSIMdw4PATu-00094-00030039-00030364 because it is somewhat biased, and you should know that.
wSIMdw4PATu-00095-00030368-00030642 Something about the HapMap and its impact.
wSIMdw4PATu-00096-00030645-00030834 Obviously the big wave is true.
wSIMdw4PATu-00097-00030837-00031123 Teri's told you about all the various associations.
wSIMdw4PATu-00098-00031126-00031512 How -- we're going to talk today about replication,
wSIMdw4PATu-00099-00031514-00031683 I'm just going to bring it up a little bit.
wSIMdw4PATu-00100-00031686-00031913 But I also want to talk about translational impact,
wSIMdw4PATu-00101-00031916-00032312 because I'm not sure that's going to be highlighted today,
wSIMdw4PATu-00102-00032315-00032828 and the fact that we can often make diagnostic and predictions
wSIMdw4PATu-00103-00032831-00033121 about disease susceptibility or phenotypes.
wSIMdw4PATu-00104-00033124-00033388 But that's different, actually, than developing treatments,
wSIMdw4PATu-00105-00033391-00033605 and the function -- the data that we need
wSIMdw4PATu-00106-00033608-00034156 for identifying function is not necessarily there,
wSIMdw4PATu-00107-00034159-00034338 and will take time.
wSIMdw4PATu-00108-00034341-00034676 And close with a little bit on whole genome sequencing,
wSIMdw4PATu-00109-00034679-00035161 and what might be available in the near future.
wSIMdw4PATu-00110-00035164-00035611 Obviously, genetic strategies have been applied to human
wSIMdw4PATu-00111-00035614-00035934 diseases for many years, and linkage was the way
wSIMdw4PATu-00112-00035937-00036223 that people started looking at simple inheritance,
wSIMdw4PATu-00113-00036226-00036441 where things segregate in families.
wSIMdw4PATu-00114-00036444-00036708 There were single genes with major effects and rare
wSIMdw4PATu-00115-00036711-00036900 variants in the population, so you had to go out and
wSIMdw4PATu-00116-00036903-00037117 identify a person with disease.
wSIMdw4PATu-00117-00037120-00037410 Today we're very interested in common diseases that have
wSIMdw4PATu-00118-00037413-00037597 complex inheritance; they don't show clear
wSIMdw4PATu-00119-00037600-00037880 Mendelian patterns of inheritance.
wSIMdw4PATu-00120-00037883-00038078 They aggregate, though, in families.
wSIMdw4PATu-00121-00038081-00038486 There are multiple genes with small contributions,
wSIMdw4PATu-00122-00038489-00038938 and there are environmental contexts that modify
wSIMdw4PATu-00123-00038941-00039093 the expression.
wSIMdw4PATu-00124-00039096-00039295 The variants are common, associated with these --
wSIMdw4PATu-00125-00039298-00039523 these, we believe, and we'll talk a
wSIMdw4PATu-00126-00039526-00039664 little bit about that.
wSIMdw4PATu-00127-00039667-00040053 And to -- but to look at populations rather than
wSIMdw4PATu-00128-00040056-00040402 looking at families, we need large numbers
wSIMdw4PATu-00129-00040405-00040802 of markers, and we're talking on the order of a million SNPs
wSIMdw4PATu-00130-00040805-00041029 that are carefully -- these single nucleotide
wSIMdw4PATu-00131-00041032-00041312 polymorphisms -- that are carefully chosen from the
wSIMdw4PATu-00132-00041315-00041402 human genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00133-00041405-00041711 This is not just a million that we go out and randomly find,
wSIMdw4PATu-00134-00041714-00041867 and that's what we've learned.
wSIMdw4PATu-00135-00041870-00042028 I wanted to talk a little bit about that.
wSIMdw4PATu-00136-00042031-00042327 But how much variation is there in humans?
wSIMdw4PATu-00137-00042330-00042675 I think that people talk about ten million SNPs,
wSIMdw4PATu-00138-00042678-00043094 and the fact that there are so few -- there are --
wSIMdw4PATu-00139-00043097-00043433 there are ten million variants in the human genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00140-00043436-00043655 That's not really true, actually.
wSIMdw4PATu-00141-00043658-00043996 If you think about how much variation there really is
wSIMdw4PATu-00142-00043999-00044193 in the human population, if you take into account
wSIMdw4PATu-00143-00044196-00044481 the population size, the mutation rate,
wSIMdw4PATu-00144-00044484-00044933 and the number of hits, actually every base has
wSIMdw4PATu-00145-00044936-00045422 been hit or mutated 240 times in the last few generations.
wSIMdw4PATu-00146-00045425-00045700 So that means that every variant compatible with life
wSIMdw4PATu-00147-00045703-00046135 exists if we were to sequence everybody across the planet.
wSIMdw4PATu-00148-00046138-00046515 But what we need to remember is most of them are vanishingly
wSIMdw4PATu-00149-00046518-00046823 rare, only found in a couple of individuals,
wSIMdw4PATu-00150-00046826-00047234 are not common among -- and old, among human populations.
wSIMdw4PATu-00151-00047237-00047592 So I think when we say something about how much
wSIMdw4PATu-00152-00047595-00047799 variation is there in the human genome,
wSIMdw4PATu-00153-00047802-00048301 we're often quoting what's common in the population.
wSIMdw4PATu-00154-00048304-00048640 I want to put this in context so you can remember this.
wSIMdw4PATu-00155-00048643-00048977 If your average size gene is 20kb, and that's about what
wSIMdw4PATu-00156-00048980-00049515 it is for the human genome, if -- the -- what we see is,
wSIMdw4PATu-00157-00049518-00049787 what we'd expect to see based on what we know,
wSIMdw4PATu-00158-00049790-00050014 is about 100 SNPs.
wSIMdw4PATu-00159-00050017-00050273 And this translates into about 15 million SNPs that
wSIMdw4PATu-00160-00050276-00050585 are common across the whole genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00161-00050588-00050722 And this is estimates.
wSIMdw4PATu-00162-00050725-00051091 There are 40 common SNPs inside of a gene, and about
wSIMdw4PATu-00163-00051094-00051470 6 million common SNPs -- these are SNPs that have
wSIMdw4PATu-00164-00051473-00051763 minor allele frequencies -- greater than 5 percent
wSIMdw4PATu-00165-00051766-00051950 in the population.
wSIMdw4PATu-00166-00051953-00052268 And we would expect to see five coding SNPs,
wSIMdw4PATu-00167-00052271-00052541 half of which change the amino acid sequence.
wSIMdw4PATu-00168-00052544-00052799 So this is your typical gene; this is what your expectation
wSIMdw4PATu-00169-00052802-00053076 is, and you can multiply this by however,
wSIMdw4PATu-00170-00053079-00053485 or however much sequence you like, because genes are not
wSIMdw4PATu-00171-00053488-00054117 that different from intergenic regions in the genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00172-00054120-00054304 So this gives us an idea of what we have
wSIMdw4PATu-00173-00054307-00054486 to work with.
wSIMdw4PATu-00174-00054489-00054926 Well, how did we find the actual SNPs that we're using
wSIMdw4PATu-00175-00054929-00055011 right now?
wSIMdw4PATu-00176-00055014-00055401 And this is the way we actually mined genomic data.
wSIMdw4PATu-00177-00055404-00055790 We got overlaps where we found differences,
wSIMdw4PATu-00178-00055793-00056083 between where we sequenced the clone resources,
wSIMdw4PATu-00179-00056086-00056371 where we overlapped shotgun sequences,
wSIMdw4PATu-00180-00056374-00057059 or where we obtained sequences from cDNA libraries,
wSIMdw4PATu-00181-00057062-00057271 or mRNAs over time.
wSIMdw4PATu-00182-00057274-00057437 And with that, we've identified
wSIMdw4PATu-00183-00057440-00057685 more than 11 million SNPs.
wSIMdw4PATu-00184-00057688-00057948 Some of those are very common, and some of those are
wSIMdw4PATu-00185-00057951-00058049 really rare.
wSIMdw4PATu-00186-00058052-00058357 And the way that we determined what was common and rare is
wSIMdw4PATu-00187-00058360-00058727 we found if -- if we see more than one example of each
wSIMdw4PATu-00188-00058729-00059054 allele -- these so-called validated SNPs --
wSIMdw4PATu-00189-00059057-00059333 that these tended to be more frequent in the population --
wSIMdw4PATu-00190-00059336-00059803 tended to be more frequent -- not always.
wSIMdw4PATu-00191-00059806-00060103 Just by chance you would get some infrequent showing up
wSIMdw4PATu-00192-00060106-00060389 twice, and we have seen that.
wSIMdw4PATu-00193-00060392-00060708 What we -- what was -- what you should know is
wSIMdw4PATu-00194-00060711-00061012 that if you just compare two chromosomes, you will find
wSIMdw4PATu-00195-00061015-00061259 a lot of -- because this is a minor allele frequency,
wSIMdw4PATu-00196-00061262-00061447 this is the fraction of SNP discovered --
wSIMdw4PATu-00197-00061450-00061650 you will find a lot of common SNPs.
wSIMdw4PATu-00198-00061653-00061846 You will also find some rare things.
wSIMdw4PATu-00199-00061849-00062120 But if you go to the level of what we think we have now
wSIMdw4PATu-00200-00062123-00062418 for the human genome -- eight chromosomes are still
wSIMdw4PATu-00201-00062421-00062687 covered, on average, across the genome --
wSIMdw4PATu-00202-00062690-00062976 you're finding a large fraction of the common variation
wSIMdw4PATu-00203-00062979-00063203 in the human genome, and this was used
wSIMdw4PATu-00204-00063206-00063325 for the HapMap.
wSIMdw4PATu-00205-00063328-00063812 We're not finding the very rare -- or know a lot about
wSIMdw4PATu-00206-00063815-00064130 the very rare variants in the genome, and I just want to
wSIMdw4PATu-00207-00064133-00064571 make this clear, because it is very important.
wSIMdw4PATu-00208-00064574-00064960 Now, with this six million SNPs that we had that were
wSIMdw4PATu-00209-00064963-00065481 validated, an international -- this is a typical genome type
wSIMdw4PATu-00210-00065484-00065758 study, where people participate not only from the United States,
wSIMdw4PATu-00211-00065761-00066219 but from foreign countries to bring new insights into
wSIMdw4PATu-00212-00066222-00066897 a project, and -- and it was to produce or genotype the --
wSIMdw4PATu-00213-00066900-00067205 the six million SNPs on a common set of samples.
wSIMdw4PATu-00214-00067208-00067514 In genomics, we all contribute to a common set of samples.
wSIMdw4PATu-00215-00067517-00067864 That's quite different in epi, but we can think over time that
wSIMdw4PATu-00216-00067867-00068202 if everyone in epidemiology would work together with the
wSIMdw4PATu-00217-00068205-00068532 samples, that would become the common set of samples.
wSIMdw4PATu-00218-00068535-00068881 And that's actually what people would like to work towards,
wSIMdw4PATu-00219-00068884-00069179 and I think will work towards over time.
wSIMdw4PATu-00220-00069182-00069503 This population represents individuals of European
wSIMdw4PATu-00221-00069506-00069822 ancestry, African and Asian ancestry.
wSIMdw4PATu-00222-00069825-00070097 And at the time that this project was carried out,
wSIMdw4PATu-00223-00070100-00070360 we had no idea how to type a thousand SNPs,
wSIMdw4PATu-00224-00070363-00070688 let alone how to do a million SNPS that we could do today.
wSIMdw4PATu-00225-00070691-00071079 So by engendering a project like this, new technologies
wSIMdw4PATu-00226-00071082-00071357 were developed that allow us to do the genome-wide studies
wSIMdw4PATu-00227-00071360-00071584 that we're doing today.
wSIMdw4PATu-00228-00071587-00071887 Now, if we've typed six million SNPs, we obviously are not
wSIMdw4PATu-00229-00071890-00072336 typing all six million; we're typing a subset of them.
wSIMdw4PATu-00230-00072339-00072493 How do we determine that subset?
wSIMdw4PATu-00231-00072496-00072892 I just want to give you a -- something about that.
wSIMdw4PATu-00232-00072895-00073045 You can just pick them randomly.
wSIMdw4PATu-00233-00073048-00073343 If you pick enough randomly, you will do it,
wSIMdw4PATu-00234-00073346-00073493 and that's one of the approaches that
wSIMdw4PATu-00235-00073496-00073631 Affymetrix uses.
wSIMdw4PATu-00236-00073634-00073842 But you can also look for correlations amongst the
wSIMdw4PATu-00237-00073845-00074130 genotypes that can help you pick.
wSIMdw4PATu-00238-00074133-00074297 And I want to give you an example.
wSIMdw4PATu-00239-00074300-00074651 This is just a visual genotype, so it's a genotype of the
wSIMdw4PATu-00240-00074654-00074957 sites in a gene, in interleukin 1,
wSIMdw4PATu-00241-00074960-00075315 and the individuals who were sequenced -- common allele
wSIMdw4PATu-00242-00075318-00075745 is -- homozygote is blue, heterozygote is red,
wSIMdw4PATu-00243-00075748-00076206 and homozygote -- rare allele, alternative allele is yellow.
wSIMdw4PATu-00244-00076209-00076576 Now, this doesn't look like very -- has very much pattern
wSIMdw4PATu-00245-00076579-00076874 to it, actually, and the reason I'm
wSIMdw4PATu-00246-00076877-00077082 showing you this is this is a very interesting gene;
wSIMdw4PATu-00247-00077085-00077294 most of the SNPs in here are common.
wSIMdw4PATu-00248-00077297-00077563 It's a gene that shows selection or natural
wSIMdw4PATu-00249-00077566-00077892 selection over time for common variation in the human genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00250-00077895-00078241 But rather than arranging the SNPs in the order that
wSIMdw4PATu-00251-00078244-00078611 they're found on the chromosome from starting with the promoter
wSIMdw4PATu-00252-00078614-00079031 SNPs, down to the SNPs in the un-translated region,
wSIMdw4PATu-00253-00079034-00079339 or the end of gene -- the start and end of the gene.
wSIMdw4PATu-00254-00079342-00079679 If I order them based on associations, I get a brand
wSIMdw4PATu-00255-00079682-00079916 new pattern, and this is it.
wSIMdw4PATu-00256-00079919-00080119 And you can see right away -- although you didn't see a
wSIMdw4PATu-00257-00080122-00080346 pattern, just in the visual phenotype --
wSIMdw4PATu-00258-00080349-00080696 that many of the SNPs in this gene are highly correlated,
wSIMdw4PATu-00259-00080699-00080796 all right?
wSIMdw4PATu-00260-00080799-00081062 What you can notice is actually there are only
wSIMdw4PATu-00261-00081065-00081309 three patterns in this gene, and I would really only have
wSIMdw4PATu-00262-00081312-00081700 to type three SNPs to capture the information in this gene.
wSIMdw4PATu-00263-00081703-00081998 Well, think about this across the whole human genome,
wSIMdw4PATu-00264-00082001-00082347 and think about simplifying the patterns so you type
wSIMdw4PATu-00265-00082350-00082619 a handful of SNPs and get more of the information.
wSIMdw4PATu-00266-00082622-00082979 And that's also what's been done to capture SNPs in the
wSIMdw4PATu-00267-00082982-00083205 human genome, is to tag.
wSIMdw4PATu-00268-00083208-00083484 Now, do I need all of the SNPs in the human genome
wSIMdw4PATu-00269-00083487-00083636 to be able to tag?
wSIMdw4PATu-00270-00083639-00083945 No, I don't, because obviously here it is a --
wSIMdw4PATu-00271-00083948-00084515 a huge number of sites that are correlated.
wSIMdw4PATu-00272-00084518-00084834 If I just capture one of them, I've captured everybody else
wSIMdw4PATu-00273-00084837-00085192 in that particular correlation, then -- the same way here
wSIMdw4PATu-00274-00085195-00085283 and here.
wSIMdw4PATu-00275-00085286-00085703 And so there are things that are being typed that are
wSIMdw4PATu-00276-00085706-00085930 parts of big bins, that are lots of
wSIMdw4PATu-00277-00085933-00086051 SNPs associated.
wSIMdw4PATu-00278-00086054-00086456 And there are things that are parts of smaller information,
wSIMdw4PATu-00279-00086459-00086820 and as we go up in the amount of SNPS that we type,
wSIMdw4PATu-00280-00086823-00087235 we also go up and increase the amount of genetic diversity we
wSIMdw4PATu-00281-00087238-00087447 capture from the human genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00282-00087450-00087694 This is just to make you realize that there are
wSIMdw4PATu-00283-00087697-00087866 differences in human populations,
wSIMdw4PATu-00284-00087869-00088124 in terms of what's common and what's not.
wSIMdw4PATu-00285-00088127-00088312 There are a number of things that are
wSIMdw4PATu-00286-00088315-00088504 similar and in common, and a number of things
wSIMdw4PATu-00287-00088507-00088606 that are different.
wSIMdw4PATu-00288-00088609-00088889 In order to type multiple populations, we have to capture
wSIMdw4PATu-00289-00088892-00089097 all those fractions, and that's another
wSIMdw4PATu-00290-00089100-00089355 important thing that's changed as we've increased
wSIMdw4PATu-00291-00089358-00089956 the amount of information that's on the genome-wide association
wSIMdw4PATu-00292-00089959-00090214 studies we carry out today as we're carrying them out
wSIMdw4PATu-00293-00090217-00090532 for multiple populations.
wSIMdw4PATu-00294-00090535-00090714 There are many formats, and you'll hear more
wSIMdw4PATu-00295-00090717-00090845 about them today.
wSIMdw4PATu-00296-00090848-00091204 What's amazing to me is that, as a genomicist,
wSIMdw4PATu-00297-00091207-00091780 I knew that 100k and 300,000 SNPs didn't capture but maybe
wSIMdw4PATu-00298-00091783-00092099 30 percent of the variation in the human genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00299-00092102-00092449 What amazed me is we got hits off of that 30 percent,
wSIMdw4PATu-00300-00092452-00092707 and we continue to get hits, and what I want you to realize
wSIMdw4PATu-00301-00092710-00093076 is that when you apply these, they're not capturing
wSIMdw4PATu-00302-00093079-00093366 100 percent of the variation in the human genome;
wSIMdw4PATu-00303-00093369-00093549 they're capturing a fraction of it.
wSIMdw4PATu-00304-00093552-00094063 And what is phenomenal is that we are finding so many
wSIMdw4PATu-00305-00094066-00094616 new insights into associations to common human diseases,
wSIMdw4PATu-00306-00094619-00094853 when we know our tools are not perfect,
wSIMdw4PATu-00307-00094856-00095045 and they'll only get better over time.
wSIMdw4PATu-00308-00095048-00095375 This is very, very exciting, and it just shows that we're
wSIMdw4PATu-00309-00095378-00095741 at the tip of the iceberg of what could come with
wSIMdw4PATu-00310-00095744-00096380 getting better and better tools to type for common variation.
wSIMdw4PATu-00311-00096383-00096648 Obviously, it works.
wSIMdw4PATu-00312-00096651-00096911 Applying it -- Teri showed you all of the new studies
wSIMdw4PATu-00313-00096914-00097079 that are coming out.
wSIMdw4PATu-00314-00097082-00097367 What's interesting is we are getting misses.
wSIMdw4PATu-00315-00097370-00097676 A big, big one in the Wellcome Trust study was hypertension.
wSIMdw4PATu-00316-00097679-00097918 I was just talking about that, and -- is this because we
wSIMdw4PATu-00317-00097921-00098257 don't have complete coverage of variation in the genome?
wSIMdw4PATu-00318-00098260-00098445 Is this because they're environmental?
wSIMdw4PATu-00319-00098448-00098637 Is it because of the phenotype?
wSIMdw4PATu-00320-00098640-00099036 We -- we obviously need to continue to look at --
wSIMdw4PATu-00321-00099039-00099122 at these things.
wSIMdw4PATu-00322-00099125-00099386 Is it all rare variant, not common variant?
wSIMdw4PATu-00323-00099389-00099993 Because these GWA studies are only covering common variation.
wSIMdw4PATu-00324-00099996-00100320 There -- I think there's a lot more hits in these datasets.
wSIMdw4PATu-00325-00100323-00100543 You're seeing a big hit on chromosome 9
wSIMdw4PATu-00326-00100546-00100669 in cardiovascular disease.
wSIMdw4PATu-00327-00100672-00100760 Is that the only hit?
wSIMdw4PATu-00328-00100763-00100988 No, it's the one that everybody's focusing on,
wSIMdw4PATu-00329-00100991-00101281 but we don't know how to get at the other hits yet.
wSIMdw4PATu-00330-00101284-00101710 And it's only with combining data and looking for new hits
wSIMdw4PATu-00331-00101713-00101918 that we'll get that analysis.
wSIMdw4PATu-00332-00101921-00102155 We have no idea how to analyze these datasets.
wSIMdw4PATu-00333-00102158-00102377 These are billions of data points.
wSIMdw4PATu-00334-00102380-00102656 We'll tell you that we think we know how,
wSIMdw4PATu-00335-00102659-00102893 but these are just the first steps.
wSIMdw4PATu-00336-00102896-00103267 And there are single markers, one marker against many
wSIMdw4PATu-00337-00103270-00103415 different phenotypes.
wSIMdw4PATu-00338-00103418-00103682 Marker-marker interactions, we have no idea how to do that.
wSIMdw4PATu-00339-00103685-00104022 We're thinking about pathways, but we don't really understand
wSIMdw4PATu-00340-00104025-00104215 all the pathways in the human genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00341-00104218-00104732 So we're kind of getting that information as we apply it.
wSIMdw4PATu-00342-00104735-00105132 What is important is that we need replication.
wSIMdw4PATu-00343-00105135-00105441 When we get a hit, it's usually with SNPs
wSIMdw4PATu-00344-00105444-00105729 and with haplotypes in that region.
wSIMdw4PATu-00345-00105732-00106349 And replication tells us what's important about this,
wSIMdw4PATu-00346-00106352-00106559 whether there are -- whether they may be
wSIMdw4PATu-00347-00106563-00106829 environmental, whether there are differences
wSIMdw4PATu-00348-00106832-00107005 in the populations that are being typed.
wSIMdw4PATu-00349-00107008-00107258 By replicating a number and number of times,
wSIMdw4PATu-00350-00107261-00107487 we can look at what replicates and what doesn't and get
wSIMdw4PATu-00351-00107490-00107685 an idea of what matters.
wSIMdw4PATu-00352-00107688-00108012 This is extremely important in human genetic studies.
wSIMdw4PATu-00353-00108015-00108306 And there was recently a publication in Nature
wSIMdw4PATu-00354-00108308-00108791 on looking at what the levels of replication should be
wSIMdw4PATu-00355-00108794-00108963 in a whole-genome association study,
wSIMdw4PATu-00356-00108966-00109170 and Teri contributed to that.
wSIMdw4PATu-00357-00109173-00109453 But replication is a must.
wSIMdw4PATu-00358-00109456-00109812 When we do get replication -- we go back to some region
wSIMdw4PATu-00359-00109815-00109999 of the genome that we're really interested in,
wSIMdw4PATu-00360-00110002-00110388 and we end up coming back to genes, or maybe not genes --
wSIMdw4PATu-00361-00110391-00110706 maybe we'll be in some desert someplace that
wSIMdw4PATu-00362-00110709-00110989 obviously has function, but we have no idea what
wSIMdw4PATu-00363-00110992-00111127 that is.
wSIMdw4PATu-00364-00111130-00111424 And then we're going to be back at the sequencing level again,
wSIMdw4PATu-00365-00111427-00111727 because we know that the SNPs that we have on these chips
wSIMdw4PATu-00366-00111730-00111945 are not necessarily the functional SNPs.
wSIMdw4PATu-00367-00111948-00112177 We're very interested in looking at those regions
wSIMdw4PATu-00368-00112180-00112374 of the genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00369-00112377-00112682 I just want to show you an example of something,
wSIMdw4PATu-00370-00112685-00113072 because I want to translate from a hit --
wSIMdw4PATu-00371-00113075-00113345 and I'll show you a hit -- and that's with vitamin K
wSIMdw4PATu-00372-00113348-00113612 epoxide reductase, which is a target gene
wSIMdw4PATu-00373-00113615-00113850 for warfarin.
wSIMdw4PATu-00374-00113853-00114239 And what was found in this particular study is you could
wSIMdw4PATu-00375-00114242-00114641 predict warfarin dosing -- this is in 2005 --
wSIMdw4PATu-00376-00114644-00114939 with either SNPs or haplotypes, it didn't matter which way you
wSIMdw4PATu-00377-00114942-00115248 did it -- SNPs were associated and haplotypes were associated.
wSIMdw4PATu-00378-00115251-00115649 And -- but it explained at least 25 percent
wSIMdw4PATu-00379-00115652-00115967 of the dose required to treat an individual.
wSIMdw4PATu-00380-00115970-00116205 This is one of the largest pharmacogenetics hits
wSIMdw4PATu-00381-00116208-00116357 that's known.
wSIMdw4PATu-00382-00116360-00116732 Do -- can we use this to predict warfarin dosing
wSIMdw4PATu-00383-00116735-00116844 in individuals?
wSIMdw4PATu-00384-00116847-00116914 Yes, we can.
wSIMdw4PATu-00385-00116917-00117025 Is it being used yet?
wSIMdw4PATu-00386-00117028-00117223 No, it's in prospective testing.
wSIMdw4PATu-00387-00117226-00117482 A lot of the things that we're going to be finding are going
wSIMdw4PATu-00388-00117484-00117582 to be like this.
wSIMdw4PATu-00389-00117585-00117901 This is a few years back, and yet it's still not
wSIMdw4PATu-00390-00117904-00118271 in standard, routine clinical treatment.
wSIMdw4PATu-00391-00118274-00118711 People are typing it to see if it can be used prospectively
wSIMdw4PATu-00392-00118715-00119208 in a study to actually help with warfarin dosing.
wSIMdw4PATu-00393-00119210-00119486 The other thing is we have no idea of the mechanism.
wSIMdw4PATu-00394-00119490-00119775 None of the SNPs are in coding regions.
wSIMdw4PATu-00395-00119778-00119957 They're all in non-coding regions.
wSIMdw4PATu-00396-00119960-00120215 It could be in the gene or outside the gene.
wSIMdw4PATu-00397-00120218-00120447 Obviously, there are some regions that are
wSIMdw4PATu-00398-00120450-00120635 evolutionary conserved.
wSIMdw4PATu-00399-00120638-00120994 Although we can clearly genotype this region and
wSIMdw4PATu-00400-00120997-00121362 predict somebody's dose that they should go on for warfarin,
wSIMdw4PATu-00401-00121365-00121771 we have no idea how this translates functionally.
wSIMdw4PATu-00402-00121774-00122120 And that's the difference between knowing something
wSIMdw4PATu-00403-00122123-00122569 that's predictive or diagnostic versus knowing the information
wSIMdw4PATu-00404-00122572-00122863 that actually identifies the functional allele that maybe
wSIMdw4PATu-00405-00122866-00123257 could lead to new treatments.
wSIMdw4PATu-00406-00123260-00123622 Now, when we get these regions of the genome --
wSIMdw4PATu-00407-00123625-00123879 and this is what I want to end with --
wSIMdw4PATu-00408-00123882-00124168 that are in these non-coding regions,
wSIMdw4PATu-00409-00124171-00124415 how will we know more about what's going on?
wSIMdw4PATu-00410-00124418-00124638 This is a new study that came out actually just a couple
wSIMdw4PATu-00411-00124641-00125058 weeks ago in Nature called the ENCODE project,
wSIMdw4PATu-00412-00125060-00125356 and it took one percent of the human genome and threw every
wSIMdw4PATu-00413-00125359-00125803 single bashing thing we could think of to understand both
wSIMdw4PATu-00414-00125806-00126202 the coding and non-coding regions of the genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00415-00126205-00126642 The large-scale types of tools that we need to go on to look
wSIMdw4PATu-00416-00126645-00126881 at transcription -- we know that many
wSIMdw4PATu-00417-00126884-00127179 areas of the non-coding sequence are transcribed;
wSIMdw4PATu-00418-00127182-00127371 we have no idea what they do.
wSIMdw4PATu-00419-00127374-00127620 We know where -- chromosome structure,
wSIMdw4PATu-00420-00127623-00127827 replication -- we know where there's conservation
wSIMdw4PATu-00421-00127830-00127969 and so forth.
wSIMdw4PATu-00422-00127972-00128369 All of these are going to be placed across the entire genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00423-00128372-00128577 This is really important, because if you're going
wSIMdw4PATu-00424-00128580-00128885 to be doing these studies, you want to know when you
wSIMdw4PATu-00425-00128888-00129174 get to a non-coding region, has anything been known about
wSIMdw4PATu-00426-00129177-00129286 this region?
wSIMdw4PATu-00427-00129289-00129584 Is there anything of potential interest here?
wSIMdw4PATu-00428-00129587-00130006 Or am I going into new territory, where no one's
wSIMdw4PATu-00429-00130009-00130354 found a way to predict function before?
wSIMdw4PATu-00430-00130357-00130612 I mean, it's a big genome; 95 percent of it we have
wSIMdw4PATu-00431-00130615-00130784 no idea what it does.
wSIMdw4PATu-00432-00130787-00131239 So it's possible that we will make hits in these regions.
wSIMdw4PATu-00433-00131242-00131542 The other thing is that -- this is another project
wSIMdw4PATu-00434-00131545-00131739 that's coming down the pike --
wSIMdw4PATu-00435-00131742-00132019 is the Structural Variation Project.
wSIMdw4PATu-00436-00132022-00132287 What we found when we typed lots of SNPs in the genome,
wSIMdw4PATu-00437-00132290-00132467 and what we found by looking at the structure
wSIMdw4PATu-00438-00132470-00132760 of the genome over the years, is we found indels --
wSIMdw4PATu-00439-00132763-00132896 insertion deletions.
wSIMdw4PATu-00440-00132899-00133207 We don't know, actually, all of the sequence.
wSIMdw4PATu-00441-00133210-00133466 We still have holes in the imaging of sequence.
wSIMdw4PATu-00442-00133469-00133719 There are inversions, duplications, translocations.
wSIMdw4PATu-00443-00133722-00134227 Some of these are quite large, on the order of up to a million
wSIMdw4PATu-00444-00134230-00134494 base pairs that are inserted, deleted.
wSIMdw4PATu-00445-00134497-00134875 There is intermediate scale on the order of 500 to 100kb
wSIMdw4PATu-00446-00134878-00135214 in size, and fine scale, one base in or out,
wSIMdw4PATu-00447-00135217-00135472 versus 500 bases.
wSIMdw4PATu-00448-00135475-00135761 The Structural Variation Project is one focused
wSIMdw4PATu-00449-00135764-00136140 on getting at what is the structure.
wSIMdw4PATu-00450-00136143-00136500 I will say that this is also known as the copy number
wSIMdw4PATu-00451-00136503-00136677 variation project.
wSIMdw4PATu-00452-00136680-00136971 It's being incorporated to structural variations
wSIMdw4PATu-00453-00136974-00137395 to cover all the different types of variations that exist now.
wSIMdw4PATu-00454-00137398-00137678 But we are getting maps across the genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00455-00137681-00138047 We know that more than 10 percent of the human sequence
wSIMdw4PATu-00456-00138050-00138467 is involved in these structural differences.
wSIMdw4PATu-00457-00138470-00138776 We don't really have good ways to type this,
wSIMdw4PATu-00458-00138779-00139105 although we can infer this when we type from the human genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00459-00139108-00139550 Some of those things that don't come out in Hardy-Weinberg
wSIMdw4PATu-00460-00139553-00139929 are actually a part of some of these regions in the genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00461-00139932-00140082 And we know -- beginning to know
wSIMdw4PATu-00462-00140085-00140204 something about frequency.
wSIMdw4PATu-00463-00140207-00140411 We can't even determine their frequency yet,
wSIMdw4PATu-00464-00140414-00140578 because they're not easy to type.
wSIMdw4PATu-00465-00140581-00140792 So we're trying to get that information,
wSIMdw4PATu-00466-00140795-00140939 put it on the genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00467-00140942-00141207 But what we do know is they do involve genes.
wSIMdw4PATu-00468-00141210-00141500 There are genes in and out in individuals.
wSIMdw4PATu-00469-00141503-00141718 Is this really important?
wSIMdw4PATu-00470-00141721-00141987 We know from knockout mice that we don't have to have all the
wSIMdw4PATu-00471-00141990-00142307 genes, but we do know that some, when knocked out,
wSIMdw4PATu-00472-00142310-00142527 are more important than others.
wSIMdw4PATu-00473-00142530-00142815 And so having an idea of the structural variation
wSIMdw4PATu-00474-00142818-00143036 in the imaging of -- and documenting in more
wSIMdw4PATu-00475-00143039-00143336 detail is really important, so you should be looking not
wSIMdw4PATu-00476-00143339-00143493 only for SNPs, but thinking about
wSIMdw4PATu-00477-00143496-00143725 structural variants in the human genome.
wSIMdw4PATu-00478-00143728-00143993 We have many examples of this impacting phenotype.
wSIMdw4PATu-00479-00143996-00144509 Well, obviously we've done a lot of linkage analysis;
wSIMdw4PATu-00480-00144512-00144773 we're doing a lot of association analysis,
wSIMdw4PATu-00481-00144776-00144979 but there are a lot of people that believe that common
wSIMdw4PATu-00482-00144982-00145339 disease is associated with many rare variants.
wSIMdw4PATu-00483-00145342-00145809 And this would be in this area, where there are weak effects
wSIMdw4PATu-00484-00145812-00146106 and low allele frequencies.
wSIMdw4PATu-00485-00146109-00146648 And we're not testing that now, by these genome-wide
wSIMdw4PATu-00486-00146651-00146794 association studies.
wSIMdw4PATu-00487-00146797-00147133 But we could test this, and people are testing it,
wSIMdw4PATu-00488-00147136-00147427 by looking at people at the extremes of the populations
wSIMdw4PATu-00489-00147430-00147725 at tails, and there are many examples emerging,
wSIMdw4PATu-00490-00147728-00147983 particularly from the group in Dallas -- Helen Hobbs and
wSIMdw4PATu-00491-00147986-00148294 Jonathan Cohen -- that are showing that by sequencing
wSIMdw4PATu-00492-00148297-00148799 the tails of a distribution, they're able to find new
wSIMdw4PATu-00493-00148802-00149384 variants in the human genome that explain heritability
wSIMdw4PATu-00494-00149387-00149763 of low, for -- in this example, high density lipoprotein,
wSIMdw4PATu-00495-00149766-00150052 low density lipoprotein variables.
wSIMdw4PATu-00496-00150055-00150379 What they found is by sequencing at the tails
wSIMdw4PATu-00497-00150382-00150652 for genes known to be involved in HDL --
wSIMdw4PATu-00498-00150655-00151072 there's a number of papers in the literature on this now --
wSIMdw4PATu-00499-00151075-00151381 that they found a higher number of non-synonymous
wSIMdw4PATu-00500-00151384-00151729 or protein coding changes in HDL --
wSIMdw4PATu-00501-00151732-00152189 low HDL versus high HDL -- and that they were able to
wSIMdw4PATu-00502-00152192-00152608 actually show some functional analysis in cell culture.
wSIMdw4PATu-00503-00152611-00153175 I think that our ability to do this right now is looking
wSIMdw4PATu-00504-00153178-00153367 at the tails.
wSIMdw4PATu-00505-00153370-00153576 But in the near future, I think you've all heard
wSIMdw4PATu-00506-00153579-00153835 there's new sequencing machines on the way,
wSIMdw4PATu-00507-00153838-00154204 and that a thousand-dollar genome is down the pike.
wSIMdw4PATu-00508-00154207-00154411 I'm not really sure how far down the pike it is,
wSIMdw4PATu-00509-00154414-00154534 but a few years ago, I would have never
wSIMdw4PATu-00510-00154537-00154874 said today I would be typing a million SNPs either.
wSIMdw4PATu-00511-00154877-00155172 So I'm willing to bet that within a few years --
wSIMdw4PATu-00512-00155175-00155523 that a thousand-dollar genome is a reality.
wSIMdw4PATu-00513-00155526-00155781 What I can tell you -- this is just an example
wSIMdw4PATu-00514-00155784-00156059 of technology -- Celexa [spelled phonetically]
wSIMdw4PATu-00515-00156062-00156287 that's available -- that people are using.
wSIMdw4PATu-00516-00156290-00156617 And genome scientists usually never complain about data,
wSIMdw4PATu-00517-00156620-00156829 and all I've heard people do is complain,
wSIMdw4PATu-00518-00156832-00157117 because for $3,000, you can get a gigabyte
wSIMdw4PATu-00519-00157120-00157618 of sequenced data in a couple of days,
wSIMdw4PATu-00520-00157621-00158007 but it generates a terabyte of data -- more than a terabyte.
wSIMdw4PATu-00521-00158010-00158306 They have no idea even how to get it off the machine
wSIMdw4PATu-00522-00158309-00158685 fast enough so they can start their next experiment.
wSIMdw4PATu-00523-00158688-00159114 But I think that this is the kind of thing that will allow
wSIMdw4PATu-00524-00159117-00159240 us -- all right?
wSIMdw4PATu-00525-00159243-00159681 -- to look at genomics, and -- of both common
wSIMdw4PATu-00526-00159684-00159878 and rare at the same time.
wSIMdw4PATu-00527-00159881-00160151 And it's possible that these chips that we're applying
wSIMdw4PATu-00528-00160154-00160449 today are not going to be what we're applying five
wSIMdw4PATu-00529-00160452-00160657 years from now or even three years from now.
wSIMdw4PATu-00530-00160660-00161006 We may be sequencing everybody, and getting it both the common
wSIMdw4PATu-00531-00161009-00161108 and rare.
wSIMdw4PATu-00532-00161111-00161487 What an analysis nightmare that will be.
wSIMdw4PATu-00533-00161490-00161836 And I just will say that -- to summarize --
wSIMdw4PATu-00534-00161839-00162216 that obviously genomics can give new insights
wSIMdw4PATu-00535-00162219-00162317 into variation.
wSIMdw4PATu-00536-00162320-00162706 It's not the complete picture, but it seems to be pretty good.
wSIMdw4PATu-00537-00162709-00163046 What's really important, and we need a bigger handle
wSIMdw4PATu-00538-00163049-00163232 on, is function, and how to know
wSIMdw4PATu-00539-00163235-00163365 more about function.
wSIMdw4PATu-00540-00163368-00163780 So we can do that, obviously.
wSIMdw4PATu-00541-00163783-00163962 New technologies are emerging.
wSIMdw4PATu-00542-00163965-00164281 But I think what's really important about genomics
wSIMdw4PATu-00543-00164284-00164718 that exists in epidemiology, but -- and there is some --
wSIMdw4PATu-00544-00164721-00165158 there is sharing, for sure, but I think common interactive
wSIMdw4PATu-00545-00165161-00165428 projects -- if all of the projects in an area --
wSIMdw4PATu-00546-00165431-00165707 and we're beginning to see this in cancer projects,
wSIMdw4PATu-00547-00165710-00165918 for example, all the people working in breast cancer,
wSIMdw4PATu-00548-00165921-00166393 all the people working in colon cancer getting together,
wSIMdw4PATu-00549-00166396-00166606 meeting and pooling data.
wSIMdw4PATu-00550-00166609-00166935 I think this is the kind of thing that is really
wSIMdw4PATu-00551-00166938-00167132 important to do.
wSIMdw4PATu-00552-00167135-00167462 I understand the barriers that exist, but I will say from
wSIMdw4PATu-00553-00167465-00167730 being a long-term genomicist that people do --
wSIMdw4PATu-00554-00167733-00168090 are very respectful about sharing.
wSIMdw4PATu-00555-00168093-00168396 So I would encourage this, and I thank you.
wV6wz4W55XY-00000-00000069-00000390 Let's have a quick review over the main ideas of section 3.5
wV6wz4W55XY-00001-00000390-00000684 in active calculus on related rates.
wV6wz4W55XY-00002-00000684-00001142 The main concept of this section is that when two or more quantities are related,
wV6wz4W55XY-00003-00001142-00001505 then the rates at which they change are also related.
wV6wz4W55XY-00004-00001505-00001721 The problem we are trying to solve here is,
wV6wz4W55XY-00005-00001721-00002160 given an expression of a relationship between two or more variables, and
wV6wz4W55XY-00006-00002160-00002500 given information about the rates of change for all, but one of those
wV6wz4W55XY-00007-00002500-00002940 variables, we wish to find the rate of change in the remaining variable.
wV6wz4W55XY-00008-00002940-00003179 Since rate of change is measured by the derivative,
wV6wz4W55XY-00009-00003179-00003532 this amounts to just calculating the derivative of a certain quantity.
wV6wz4W55XY-00010-00003532-00003954 But not in the usual way, because that quantity may not be a function, but rather
wV6wz4W55XY-00011-00003954-00004453 it's just a variable involved in a complex relationship described by an equation.
wV6wz4W55XY-00012-00004453-00004866 Still, our goal is to calculate the derivative of a quantity at a point given
wV6wz4W55XY-00013-00004866-00005213 A, just a relationship between that variable and a few others, and
wV6wz4W55XY-00014-00005213-00005629 B the derivatives of the other quantities at that same point.
wV6wz4W55XY-00015-00005629-00005907 This is best seen through examples, and we have a few of those coming up,
wV6wz4W55XY-00016-00005907-00006283 in addition to the ones in the textbook, but the main workflow for these kinds of
wV6wz4W55XY-00017-00006283-00006709 problems goes like this, and you should watch to see this workflow instantiated.
wV6wz4W55XY-00018-00006709-00007109 First, identify the variable whose rate of change you are being asked to find.
wV6wz4W55XY-00019-00007109-00007398 Second, find an equation that relates that
wV6wz4W55XY-00020-00007398-00007712 one variable to all the other variables in the problem.
wV6wz4W55XY-00021-00007712-00008088 This might involve looking at geometry, your trigonometry formulas are facts.
wV6wz4W55XY-00022-00008088-00008432 Parsing the language of the problem to convert English expressions into
wV6wz4W55XY-00023-00008432-00008672 mathematics or in something else.
wV6wz4W55XY-00024-00008672-00009041 Third, all of the variables should have one common input variable,
wV6wz4W55XY-00025-00009041-00009219 usually that's time.
wV6wz4W55XY-00026-00009219-00009533 Take the derivative of both sides of the equation that you set up,
wV6wz4W55XY-00027-00009533-00009835 with respect to that one common input variable.
wV6wz4W55XY-00028-00009835-00010143 You will need to use implicit differentiation in most cases,
wV6wz4W55XY-00029-00010143-00010528 since the variables here are probably not going to be given as explicit functions of
wV6wz4W55XY-00030-00010528-00010741 that input variable.
wV6wz4W55XY-00031-00010741-00011194 Then highlight the rate of change or the derivative that you want it to find.
wV6wz4W55XY-00032-00011194-00011412 Then put in all the information for
wV6wz4W55XY-00033-00011412-00011633 all other quantities in the derivative expression.
wV6wz4W55XY-00034-00011633-00011943 Whether they are derivative values or variable values.
wV6wz4W55XY-00035-00011943-00012262 You may have to do additional math to get some of these.
wV6wz4W55XY-00036-00012262-00012650 The finally, simply solve for the rate of change you wanted to find.
wV6wz4W55XY-00037-00012650-00013460 Now lets look at some examples of belated rates problems.
wVSprQevKCk-00000-00000283-00000483 Welcome to the flower world category
wVSprQevKCk-00001-00000483-00000683 with mini painting method.
wVSprQevKCk-00002-00000683-00000883 If you love nature
wVSprQevKCk-00003-00000883-00001083 you certainly cannot say no to beautiful flower gardens
wVSprQevKCk-00004-00001083-00001323 The flowers bloom unexpectedly in the garden or on the balcony
wVSprQevKCk-00005-00001323-00001596 And I believe there have been many times when you wanted to draw them into a picture
wVSprQevKCk-00006-00001596-00001827 Have you watched the video of drawing flowers on canvas
wVSprQevKCk-00007-00001827-00002027 But painting a big picture takes time
wVSprQevKCk-00008-00002027-00002227 and concentration until the picture is complete
wVSprQevKCk-00009-00002227-00002427 Not only that
wVSprQevKCk-00010-00002427-00002704 large-format paintings can only be fixed in one place for a long time
wVSprQevKCk-00011-00002704-00002904 But if you want your painting to be easily transported
wVSprQevKCk-00012-00002904-00003104 you may need a mini painting
wVSprQevKCk-00013-00003104-00003304 Rtan understands this and has made a series of mini paintings
wVSprQevKCk-00014-00003304-00003504 Most of the material Rtan uses is stone
wVSprQevKCk-00015-00003504-00003812 so you can easily keep it as a keepsake and find it anywhere in the world
wVSprQevKCk-00016-00003812-00004012 But you can draw it anywhere
wVSprQevKCk-00017-00004012-00004212 and you can even draw on your phone which is a great idea.
wVSprQevKCk-00018-00004212-00004412 Those are Rtan's upcoming videos in 2022
wVSprQevKCk-00019-00004412-00004729 But don't worry because the picture you are looking at is drawn in a very simple way
wVSprQevKCk-00020-00004729-00005039 you just need to get the right color and choose a small pen and Rtan is sure you will do
wVSprQevKCk-00021-00005039-00005239 you will draw them on the small size picture
wVSprQevKCk-00022-00005239-00005439 For added fun
wVSprQevKCk-00023-00005439-00005639 we've arranged the flowers of each plant to turn into cute drawings
wVSprQevKCk-00024-00005639-00005839 The painting material used is acrylic paint
wVSprQevKCk-00025-00005839-00006039 which you can easily buy anywhere in the world.
wVSprQevKCk-00026-00006039-00006239 With this acrylic paint
wVSprQevKCk-00027-00006239-00006439 you will easily paint and erase
wVSprQevKCk-00028-00006439-00006639 so your learning to draw will become easier
wVSprQevKCk-00029-00006639-00006839 so many,
wVSprQevKCk-00030-00006839-00007039 so much
wVSprQevKCk-00031-00007039-00007239 At this point you should prepare a stone
wVSprQevKCk-00032-00007239-00007439 make sure it can stand firmly on the table,
wVSprQevKCk-00033-00007439-00007639 or the phone
wVSprQevKCk-00034-00007639-00007839 Prepare acrylic paint and choose one of Rtan's videos.
wVSprQevKCk-00035-00007839-00008194 I hope you like my channel and subscribe, comment, share it with your friends.
wXvCsmDis9y-00000-00002197-00002800 Hello again and welcome back, let’s continue our Cervantine journey through history’s greatest novel.
wXvCsmDis9y-00001-00002800-00003422 The opening of chapter sixty-six echoes the defeat of DQ in the previous chapter.
wXvCsmDis9y-00002-00003422-00004096 Our hero looks back on Barcelona and declares his epic loss: “Here was Troy!... here my
wXvCsmDis9y-00003-00004096-00004480 fortune finally fell, never to rise again.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00004-00004480-00004837 It would seem the Reconquista has ended.
wXvCsmDis9y-00005-00004837-00005490 SP responds with stoic advice: “Valiant hearts, my lord, are just as obliged to suffer
wXvCsmDis9y-00006-00005490-00005804 disgrace as they are to enjoy prosperity.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00007-00005804-00006514 He also points out that “Fortune is a drunk and capricious woman, and above all else blind,
wXvCsmDis9y-00008-00006514-00007147 and, thus, she sees not what she does nor does she know who she destroys or who she
wXvCsmDis9y-00009-00007147-00007306 glorifies.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00010-00007306-00007606 If Machiavelli famously called fortune a woman (cf.
wXvCsmDis9y-00011-00007606-00008156 The Prince, ch. 25); SP makes her drunk, fickle, and blind.
wXvCsmDis9y-00012-00008156-00008605 If the Italian political philosopher inaugurated the fallen condition of the modern world with
wXvCsmDis9y-00013-00008605-00009228 his portrait of the pragmatic prince who must sometimes be ruthless in order to preserve
wXvCsmDis9y-00014-00009228-00009826 the state against the vagaries of fortune; our first modern novelist pushes the capricious
wXvCsmDis9y-00015-00009826-00010409 nature of fortune to the point of ridiculousness, and meanwhile he eschews the powerful portrait
wXvCsmDis9y-00016-00010409-00010844 of a prince in favor of that of a fallen Christian knight.
wXvCsmDis9y-00017-00010844-00011444 In his response DQ remarks on his squire’s transformation –“You’ve turned very
wXvCsmDis9y-00018-00011444-00012028 philosophical, Sancho”– and the knight resigns himself to his new status: “now,
wXvCsmDis9y-00019-00012028-00012566 when I have become an ordinary squire, I will give credit to my words by keeping the one
wXvCsmDis9y-00020-00012566-00012754 I gave as my promise.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00021-00012754-00013459 SP now complains about having to walk and suggests that they follow the ancient custom
wXvCsmDis9y-00022-00013459-00013922 of leaving the hero’s armaments hanging in a tree as a kind of monument.
wXvCsmDis9y-00023-00013922-00014519 DQ agrees and even quotes Ariosto (Orlando furioso 24.57): “Let no one move them / who
wXvCsmDis9y-00024-00014519-00014912 cannot withstand / a fight with Roland.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00025-00014912-00015562 As an indication that things are now falling apart with increasing speed, DQ is so discombobulated
wXvCsmDis9y-00026-00015562-00015791 that he quickly changes his mind.
wXvCsmDis9y-00027-00015791-00016331 SP agrees to the change of plans through a refrain that alludes to a major problem in
wXvCsmDis9y-00028-00016332-00016902 part one: “the fault of the ass should not be heaped on the packsaddle.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00029-00018140-00018704 At this point, our heroes arrive at what is no less than the novel’s sixth inn, where
wXvCsmDis9y-00030-00018705-00018854 a group of people have gathered.
wXvCsmDis9y-00031-00018854-00019381 They debate a case in which a fat man, “who weighs eleven arrobas,” has challenged a
wXvCsmDis9y-00032-00019381-00019841 slimmer man, “who weighs no more than five” to a race.
wXvCsmDis9y-00033-00019841-00020309 The fat man insists the lighter man be handicapped: “he said that the man he had challenged,
wXvCsmDis9y-00034-00020309-00020876 who weighs five arrobas, should carry six in iron on his back, and that way the eleven
wXvCsmDis9y-00035-00020876-00021314 arrobas of the thin man would equal the eleven of the fat man.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00036-00021314-00021538 It’s SP’s final judgement.
wXvCsmDis9y-00037-00021538-00022177 By contrast, DQ is so melancholy that he has practically given up on life: “Respond in
wXvCsmDis9y-00038-00022177-00022277 due course...
wXvCsmDis9y-00039-00022277-00022956 Sancho, my friend; as for me, I’m so low I couldn’t grant crumbs to a cat.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00040-00022956-00023172 Those felines again.
wXvCsmDis9y-00041-00023172-00023687 SP rules that the fat man should lop the extra weight off his body.
wXvCsmDis9y-00042-00023687-00024203 The result is general amazement, as all agree to cancel the race and get drunk instead.
wXvCsmDis9y-00043-00024203-00024808 Moreover, they praise this final indication of SP’s princely wisdom by speculating that
wXvCsmDis9y-00044-00024808-00025431 our hidalgo and squire are smart enough to go to the University of Salamanca and become
wXvCsmDis9y-00045-00025431-00026037 rulers: “I’ll bet if they were to study at Salamanca, they’d be court magistrates
wXvCsmDis9y-00046-00026037-00026137 in a flash.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00047-00026137-00026712 There’s another dose of political cynicism here: “when a man least expects it, he finds
wXvCsmDis9y-00048-00026712-00027235 himself with a staff in his hand or a miter on his head.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00049-00027235-00027807 Our heroes press on and now we get proof of the arbitrary nature of fortune.
wXvCsmDis9y-00050-00027807-00028279 According to the narrator, when they least expect it, a man appears walking “with some
wXvCsmDis9y-00051-00028279-00029102 saddlebags around his neck,” just as we saw SP and Torralba do long ago in part one.
wXvCsmDis9y-00052-00029102-00029322 The man seems to be a letter carrier.
wXvCsmDis9y-00053-00029322-00030082 He grasps DQ by the right thigh and declare that his master the Duke will be most happy
wXvCsmDis9y-00054-00030082-00030425 to learn that DQ is returning to his castle.
wXvCsmDis9y-00055-00030425-00031062 DQ does not recognize this man, who turns out to be Tosilos, the young man who had played
wXvCsmDis9y-00056-00031064-00031652 the part of the knight who surrendered to DQ in order to marry the daughter of Doña Rodríguez.
wXvCsmDis9y-00057-00034208-00034783 This seems to reprise the role of the shepherd boy Andrés in part one.
wXvCsmDis9y-00058-00034783-00035341 When DQ recalls that enchanters had transformed his enemy at the joust into one of the Duke’s
wXvCsmDis9y-00059-00035341-00035965 lackeys, Tosilos hushes him and asserts reality: “Quiet, good man... for there was no enchantment
wXvCsmDis9y-00060-00035965-00036607 at all, nor any transformation of anyone’s face: I entered the field Tosilos the footman
wXvCsmDis9y-00061-00036607-00036918 and I left the field the footman Tosilos.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00062-00036918-00037515 Moreover, the Duke was so angered that he gave him 100 lashes.
wXvCsmDis9y-00063-00037515-00038097 We even learn that Doña Rodríguez has returned to Castile and that her daughter ended up
wXvCsmDis9y-00064-00038097-00038312 a nun.
wXvCsmDis9y-00065-00038312-00038863 Tosilos states that he is now on his way to Barcelona to deliver “a bundle of letters
wXvCsmDis9y-00066-00038863-00039160 for the viceroy sent to him by my master.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00067-00039160-00039665 This somehow seems to tie back to the story of Ricote or perhaps to the meta-literary
wXvCsmDis9y-00068-00039665-00039886 scene in the printing shop.
wXvCsmDis9y-00069-00039886-00040346 Tosilos then offers DQ and SP wine and cheese.
wXvCsmDis9y-00070-00040346-00041012 DQ moves on, insisting that “this courier is enchanted and this Tosilos is counterfeit.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00071-00041012-00041537 As usual, however, SP pauses to join the lackey in food and drink.
wXvCsmDis9y-00072-00041537-00042084 The themes are peace and commerce: “he and Sancho sat down on the green grass and in
wXvCsmDis9y-00073-00042084-00042661 peaceful companionship they devoured and dispatched the entire contents of the saddlebags.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00074-00042661-00043341 A final pun even underscores DQ’s return to sanity as an economic matter.
wXvCsmDis9y-00075-00043341-00043828 Tosilos observes: “Without a doubt, Sancho my friend, this master of yours is short on
wXvCsmDis9y-00076-00043828-00043928 sanity.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00077-00043928-00044111 SP defends his master: “Short?
wXvCsmDis9y-00078-00044111-00044211 How so?...
wXvCsmDis9y-00079-00044211-00044833 He never shorts anybody; he pays for everything, and even more when the currency is madness.”
wXvCsmDis9y-00080-00044833-00045485 The metaphor indicates that, when it comes to madness, his master is in debt to nobody,
wXvCsmDis9y-00081-00045485-00046119 i.e., that DQ’s insanity is all his own and that it amounts to a small fortune.
wXvCsmDis9y-00082-00046119-00046681 And yet it hints at the larger lesson on the importance of learning about commercial and
wXvCsmDis9y-00083-00046681-00046818 financial realities.
wXvCsmDis9y-00084-00046818-00047052 That’s all for now.
wXvCsmDis9y-00085-00047052-00047468 Keep reading: the story only gets better in the final chapters.
wY_2--pAUDE-00000-00000102-00000405 dis poem shall speak of the wretched sea
wY_2--pAUDE-00001-00000405-00000766 that washed ships to these shores of mothers cryin for their young
wY_2--pAUDE-00002-00000766-00001127 swallowed up by the sea dis poem shall say nothin new
wY_2--pAUDE-00003-00001127-00001607 dis poem shall speak of time time unlimited time undefined
wY_2--pAUDE-00004-00001607-00002270 dis poem shall call names names like Lumumba, kenyatta , Nkrumah , Obama
wY_2--pAUDE-00005-00002270-00002743 Hannibal , akenaton , malcolm garvey , Jackie Robinson
wY_2--pAUDE-00006-00002743-00003344 haile selassie, Jesus christ dis poem is vexed about apartheid rascism
wY_2--pAUDE-00007-00003344-00003769 fascism the klu klux klan riots in brixton atlanta
wY_2--pAUDE-00008-00003769-00004589 jim jones, Egypt, Abidjan dis poem is revoltin against 1st world 2nd
wY_2--pAUDE-00009-00004589-00004921 world 3rd world division man made decision
wY_2--pAUDE-00010-00004921-00005734 dis poem is like all the rest dis poem will not be amongst great literary
wY_2--pAUDE-00011-00005734-00006439 works will not be recited by poetry enthusiasts
wY_2--pAUDE-00012-00006439-00006707 will not be quoted by politicians nor men of religion
wY_2--pAUDE-00013-00006707-00007164 dis poem' s knives -- bombs - guns - blood fire
wY_2--pAUDE-00014-00007164-00007649 blazin for freedom yes dis poem is a drum
wY_2--pAUDE-00015-00007649-00008267 ashanti mau mau ibo yoruba nyahbingi warriors uhuru uhuru
wY_2--pAUDE-00016-00008267-00009099 uhuru Namibia, uhuru Luanda, Kampala uhuru Soweto , and ANTANaNaRivo
wY_2--pAUDE-00017-00009099-00009815 uhuru kameroun , uhuru afrika dis poem will not change things
wY_2--pAUDE-00018-00009815-00010261 dis poem need to be changed dis poem is a rebirth of a peopl
wY_2--pAUDE-00019-00010261-00010877 arizin awaking understandin for the present situation we're leaving it's
wY_2--pAUDE-00020-00010877-00011368 not a dream , it's what we call reality dis poem speak is speakin have spoken
wY_2--pAUDE-00021-00011368-00011815 dis poem shall continue even when poets have stopped writin
wY_2--pAUDE-00022-00011815-00012295 dis poem shall survive u me it shall linger in history
wY_2--pAUDE-00023-00012295-00012898 in your mind , in time forever dis poem is time only time will tell
wY_2--pAUDE-00024-00012898-00013308 dis poem is still not written dis poem has no poet
wY_2--pAUDE-00025-00013308-00014016 dis poem is just a part of the story his-story her-story our-story the story still
wY_2--pAUDE-00026-00014016-00014309 untold dis poem is now ringin -- talkin - irritatin
wY_2--pAUDE-00027-00014309-00014697 makin u want to stop it but dis poem will not stop
wY_2--pAUDE-00028-00014697-00015491 dis poem is long cannot be short dis poem cannot be tamed cannot be blamed
wY_2--pAUDE-00029-00015491-00015963 the story is still not told about dis poem dis poem is old new
wY_2--pAUDE-00030-00015963-00016820 dis poem was copied from the bible, your prayer book
wY_2--pAUDE-00031-00016820-00017050 playboy magazine the n.y.
wY_2--pAUDE-00032-00017050-00017373 times readers digest, cameroun tribune,
wY_2--pAUDE-00033-00017373-00017643 jeun Africe economic the c.i.a.
wY_2--pAUDE-00034-00017643-00017764 files the k.g.b.
wY_2--pAUDE-00035-00017764-00017870 files, the bee files
wY_2--pAUDE-00036-00017870-00018623 dis poem is no secret dis poem shall be called boring -- stupid
wY_2--pAUDE-00037-00018623-00019018 - senseless dis poem is watchin u tryin to make sense
wY_2--pAUDE-00038-00019018-00019403 from dis poem dis poem is messin up your brains
wY_2--pAUDE-00039-00019403-00020039 makin u want to stop listenin to dis poem but u shall not stop listenin to dis poem
wY_2--pAUDE-00040-00020039-00020354 u need to know what will be said next in dis poem
wY_2--pAUDE-00041-00020354-00020733 dis poem shall disappoint u because
wY_2--pAUDE-00042-00020733-00021055 dis poem is to be continued in your mind in your mind
wY_2--pAUDE-00043-00021055-00021354 in your mind your mind
waWEKEff3p0-00000-00000427-00001121 I suggest we start if everyone is here. I understood that the previous panels ran
waWEKEff3p0-00001-00001121-00001811 a bit late, which is usually good news in such a conference. I am very honored to chair this
waWEKEff3p0-00002-00001811-00002449 workshop on energy, climate, sustainable development and food security, a lot of
waWEKEff3p0-00003-00002449-00003740 important subjects. Let me first thank the organizers, Thierry de Montbrial and Ifri,
waWEKEff3p0-00004-00003740-00004397 and our host, the United Arab Emirates. Where else could such a nice conference be organized?
waWEKEff3p0-00005-00004397-00004814 We are very privileged to have a distinguished panel with us today,
waWEKEff3p0-00006-00004814-00006019 starting with Her Excellency Mariam Al Mheiri, who has recently been appointed Minister of Climate
waWEKEff3p0-00007-00006019-00006613 Change and Environment of the UAE. I understand that you had a former portfolio in relation
waWEKEff3p0-00008-00006613-00007597 with food security. Peter Handley is Head of the Energy Intensive Industries and Raw Material Unit
waWEKEff3p0-00009-00007597-00008491 in the EU Commission at the Directorate General for Growth. Dr. Isabelle Tsakok is an economist,
waWEKEff3p0-00010-00008491-00009102 consultant on agriculture and rural development and Senior Fellow at the Policy Center for the
waWEKEff3p0-00011-00009102-00009883 New South. Olivier Appert is Chairman of France Brevets, Scientific Advisor of the Energy Center
waWEKEff3p0-00012-00009883-00010463 of Ifri and the former President of the French Energy Council and L’Institut français du Pétrole,
waWEKEff3p0-00013-00010463-00011701 IFP Energies nouvelles. Last but not least, Marc Antoine Eyl Mazzega is the Director of the Center
waWEKEff3p0-00014-00011701-00012412 for Energy and Climate at Ifri. We are going to have a workshop in four parts.
waWEKEff3p0-00015-00012412-00013286 The first part will be a sort of introductory presentation by me setting the scene on energies
waWEKEff3p0-00016-00013286-00014341 and the climate challenge. Then we will have a quick Q&A session on this topic. This will
waWEKEff3p0-00017-00014341-00015208 be followed by Her Excellency Mariam Al Mheiri on sustainable food systems. Then again we will have
waWEKEff3p0-00018-00015208-00015966 a Q&A session after this presentation. We will then address two issues related to urgencies,
waWEKEff3p0-00019-00015966-00016776 one on the food security challenge with Dr. Isabelle Tsakok and one on the electricity supply
waWEKEff3p0-00020-00016776-00017150 security challenge by Olivier Appert, and then we will open the floor again for questions. The
waWEKEff3p0-00021-00017150-00018032 fourth session will be on how to boost nuclear, renewable and other low carbon technologies,
waWEKEff3p0-00022-00018032-00018795 the challenges and perspectives on that, and for this session Peter Handley and Marc Antoine Eyl
waWEKEff3p0-00023-00018795-00019609 Mazzega will give us some information so that we can open the floor for discussion. That is
waWEKEff3p0-00024-00019609-00020540 the agenda I propose and I am sure there will be a lot of questions after the various presentations.
wcjUCzREDSg-00000-00000000-00000035 Webinar.
wcjUCzREDSg-00001-00000336-00001062 Joan Lippincott: And if you participated last time. Welcome back. I hope you're all doing well during this difficult time the pandemic.
wcjUCzREDSg-00002-00001109-00001832 Joan Lippincott: We're so pleased to have over 250 registrants from five countries and have wide variety of institutions.
wcjUCzREDSg-00003-00001869-00002679 Joan Lippincott: I'm Joan Lippincott associated executive director Emeritus of CNI and I'll be moderating the nine sessions of the series.
wcjUCzREDSg-00004-00002733-00003942 Joan Lippincott: Each of us registered for all nine sessions, but don't worry if you need to skip some will have recordings available for all sessions as well as a set of questions to guide planning discussions.
wcjUCzREDSg-00005-00003978-00004878 Joan Lippincott: On your own campus and we've just put those up for session one we have two speakers for this session. And we'll take questions after each
wcjUCzREDSg-00006-00004917-00006153 Joan Lippincott: Please type your questions in the chat box at any time. In addition, after the formal one hour session is over will open the mics in case some of you wish to verbally ask questions of the speakers.
wcjUCzREDSg-00007-00006207-00007419 Joan Lippincott: The chat box is also available to communicate with each other or with me or our technical lead best Seacrest during the presentation, all participants will be muted.
wcjUCzREDSg-00008-00007518-00008544 Joan Lippincott: For the second session, we'll find out how to institutions are dealing with the impact of the coven 19 virus on their normal digital scholarship programs.
wcjUCzREDSg-00009-00008592-00009321 Joan Lippincott: What can they continue what change and move to the virtual environment and what has not been possible to continue at present.
wcjUCzREDSg-00010-00009384-00010674 Joan Lippincott: Our presenters today are Pamela lack digital humanities librarian at San Diego State University and chair of the ACR our digital scholarship section Equity, Diversity and Inclusion committee.
wcjUCzREDSg-00011-00010704-00012057 Joan Lippincott: And Peter Leonard director of the digital humanities lab at Yale University their bios are on the webinar site, and I won't take any more time with introductions in order to give our speakers more time. So, over to you. Pam.
wcjUCzREDSg-00012-00012213-00013056 Pam Lach (she, her): Thanks so much, Joan, I'm putting in chat. The link to my slides should anybody want to download them and follow along.
wcjUCzREDSg-00013-00013155-00014550 Pam Lach (she, her): I'm really pleased and honored to be here today to talk to you a little bit about what our Digital Humanities Center has been doing during the pandemic and what the possibilities might look like beyond the pandemic, though. It's a little hard to imagine beyond the pandemic right now.
wcjUCzREDSg-00014-00014658-00015116 Pam Lach (she, her): And I want to start by acknowledging that I'm speaking to you from the traditional lands of the day.
wcjUCzREDSg-00015-00015246-00015780 Pam Lach (she, her): So what I want to do today is tell you a little bit about what digital humanities looks like at San Diego State.
wcjUCzREDSg-00016-00015810-00016827 Pam Lach (she, her): And then tell you a little bit about what it used to look like in our Digital Humanities Center, which I direct before talking about the impact of the pandemic on our operations.
wcjUCzREDSg-00017-00016902-00017637 Pam Lach (she, her): So to begin with, San Diego State is part of the California State University system, which is the largest, you know, public university system in the country.
wcjUCzREDSg-00018-00017664-00018153 Pam Lach (she, her): Where a Hispanic serving institution and we have our two status with one aspirations.
wcjUCzREDSg-00019-00018207-00019050 Pam Lach (she, her): And years before I arrived in September of 2016 there'd been a burgeoning digital humanities community that began the way so many do
wcjUCzREDSg-00020-00019092-00019866 Pam Lach (she, her): Faculty coming together across the disciplines to talk about the digital talk about how they could use it in their teaching and in their research.
wcjUCzREDSg-00021-00019938-00020556 Pam Lach (she, her): And that informal community grew into a formal campus initiative that spans colleges and departments.
wcjUCzREDSg-00022-00020640-00022137 Pam Lach (she, her): It is a research strategic research priority of our university and that came with a faculty cluster higher, of which I was hired into as well as a commitment from the library, not only to create a space, but to fund the space at least the startup of the space.
wcjUCzREDSg-00023-00022530-00023493 Pam Lach (she, her): So when I arrived in the fall of 2016 I began talking to the community and engaging with our faculty, staff, and students to do visioning
wcjUCzREDSg-00024-00023541-00024501 Pam Lach (she, her): Work for the center and rather than focus on particular equipment or furniture or different types of sort of zones of the space.
wcjUCzREDSg-00025-00024561-00025739 Pam Lach (she, her): We focused more on articulating a shared vision and a set of shared values for the space that would drive the design and everything we did in the space. And so using that we were able
wcjUCzREDSg-00026-00025833-00026727 Pam Lach (she, her): To launch the space in January of 2018 largely as a bit of a blank slate not fully designed so that we have room to grow.
wcjUCzREDSg-00027-00026766-00027324 Pam Lach (she, her): And the space was really intended, not just as the home in the hub of the campus wide digital humanities initiative.
wcjUCzREDSg-00028-00027366-00028356 Pam Lach (she, her): But as a physical and visual representation of our shared values, which include but are not limited to non hierarchical feminist collaboration.
wcjUCzREDSg-00029-00028389-00029277 Pam Lach (she, her): Caring for ourselves and for each other, engaging in transparent and ethical labor practices that give credit to each other, visible credit to each other.
wcjUCzREDSg-00030-00029345-00030804 Pam Lach (she, her): Engaging in work that is process oriented, not just product minded and I think most importantly, thinking about exposing and hoping to address the uneven and often harmful impact of digital technologies and different cultures.
wcjUCzREDSg-00031-00030882-00031941 Pam Lach (she, her): So after our launch in 2018 we began growing quickly developing a formalized programmatic set of services largely focused on different event tracks as well as
wcjUCzREDSg-00032-00032001-00032940 Pam Lach (she, her): Heavy connection to the curriculum, bringing classes into the space, not just for one shot instruction, but throughout the project lifecycle from beginning of project.
wcjUCzREDSg-00033-00032967-00033696 Pam Lach (she, her): To as you see here a class showcase of students showing off their final projects actually that they were showing up the drafts of their projects here.
wcjUCzREDSg-00034-00033834-00034284 Pam Lach (she, her): Throughout this whole process I engaged in iterative community driven design.
wcjUCzREDSg-00035-00034365-00035532 Pam Lach (she, her): Observing and talking to folks about how they wanted to use the space, how they were trying to use it to engage in critical digital inclusion in incorrectly in. That's the word. I can't say this morning I'll skip that.
wcjUCzREDSg-00036-00035682-00036483 Pam Lach (she, her): And also begin designing out some of the peripheral spaces that we hadn't yet designed when we first began
wcjUCzREDSg-00037-00036633-00037716 Pam Lach (she, her): With first launch the space. So last fall, we launched a new space for engaged learning and doing in digital humanities and we launched many sub several studios.
wcjUCzREDSg-00038-00037770-00039228 Pam Lach (she, her): in alignment with new areas in the curriculum addressing the increased interest in podcasting, both for scholarly communication and for teaching a rise a growing electronic literature program, a new 3D animation program.
wcjUCzREDSg-00039-00039282-00041124 Pam Lach (she, her): And many others, but that programmatic growth was not without its challenges and we faced really two main challenges. The first was a sort of constantly changing staff model where we at any given time, and during our operations had a different number of staff at different levels of
wcjUCzREDSg-00040-00041232-00042627 Pam Lach (she, her): Commitment to the center from half time to full time at my at the peak. We had two full time staff lines, both of those staff left by the end of the fall to pursue better paying jobs outside of the university.
wcjUCzREDSg-00041-00042690-00043914 Pam Lach (she, her): And so we're constantly onboarding folks and trying to sort of fill gaps with temporary hires at the start of the spring semester I had spring 2020 I had one full time temporary
wcjUCzREDSg-00042-00043962-00044682 Pam Lach (she, her): Emergency higher on a three month contract, subject to renewal and to Student Assistance helping to run all of the programs in the center.
wcjUCzREDSg-00043-00044760-00045939 Pam Lach (she, her): The other big challenge that we faced was more of a facilities or infrastructure problem. The new floor that it had been stalled for the initial launch of the Digital Humanities Center failed within about six months of our opening
wcjUCzREDSg-00044-00045993-00047052 Pam Lach (she, her): And so last summer we close down to get a new floor and as, as is often the case with construction. It was delayed and we weren't able to reopen until mid November of 2019
wcjUCzREDSg-00045-00047118-00048219 Pam Lach (she, her): At that time, my the CO director of the digital humanities initiative and I had decided not to engage in any sort of public facing events beyond my DH instruction.
wcjUCzREDSg-00046-00048273-00049044 Pam Lach (she, her): Outside of the DH center. So we hit pause on all of our programming and try to engage our community virtually through blogging and other means.
wcjUCzREDSg-00047-00049080-00050133 Pam Lach (she, her): But I think, more often than not, people thought we had just kind of disappeared or petered out. And so that was a real problem for us in losing a lot of the momentum we had gained in growing our community over the years.
wcjUCzREDSg-00048-00050241-00051204 Pam Lach (she, her): So we reopened in November and by January, we'd settled on yet another staffing model a temporary staffing model while I searched for two full time staff.
wcjUCzREDSg-00049-00051300-00052410 Pam Lach (she, her): And we had a full calendar of events, ready to go for spring 2020 when the pandemic hit and as with so many folks. This was, you know,
wcjUCzREDSg-00050-00052482-00053340 Pam Lach (she, her): It was chaotic and confusing and kept things kept changing rapidly when it became clear that our library. And in fact, our campus was going to shut down.
wcjUCzREDSg-00051-00053415-00054561 Pam Lach (she, her): I hit pause on everything. And rather than try to scramble and port everything into the virtual the way that the teaching faculty were quickly pivoting to virtual instruction, I decided to
wcjUCzREDSg-00052-00054612-00055229 Pam Lach (she, her): Stop everything so I canceled. All of our upcoming programs and we had quite a few on the calendar for the spring.
wcjUCzREDSg-00053-00055290-00055725 Pam Lach (she, her): And really figure out what it was we needed to do to quickly get some messaging out
wcjUCzREDSg-00054-00055749-00056760 Pam Lach (she, her): That said that even though the center was closed. We, the staff, we're still here for everybody and that the center was more than just the space, but the staff and and the resources we could bring to the table.
wcjUCzREDSg-00055-00056835-00057828 Pam Lach (she, her): I then spent some time thinking about all of the competing needs and demands for one meeting to keep my staff working my temporary emergency hire staff member
wcjUCzREDSg-00056-00057888-00058254 Pam Lach (she, her): Was up for renewal and on her contract in early April.
wcjUCzREDSg-00057-00058316-00059283 Pam Lach (she, her): And we were very nervous that we'd be able to get her renewed during the pandemic without her being able to do a lot of the sort of day to day operational work that she had been doing to support the space.
wcjUCzREDSg-00058-00059316-00059838 Pam Lach (she, her): So we needed to think about a way to make the case for her essentially this so that we could get her.
wcjUCzREDSg-00059-00059891-00060444 Pam Lach (she, her): Renewed and keep her working during the pandemic until she was ready to start library school this fall.
wcjUCzREDSg-00060-00060542-00061188 Pam Lach (she, her): I also needed to think about how to keep our student assistants working virtually when they too could not be supporting our daily operations.
wcjUCzREDSg-00061-00061236-00062052 Pam Lach (she, her): I also really wanted to think about how to maintain community. We've lost so much momentum in the fall with our analytic unanticipated closure.
wcjUCzREDSg-00062-00062094-00063479 Pam Lach (she, her): That it was really nervous about not doing anything during the pandemic and really losing the community completely, but I also wanted to be mindful of the fact that this was an incredibly stressful and anxious time faculty were struggling to
wcjUCzREDSg-00063-00063600-00064391 Pam Lach (she, her): Adapt to online instruction. Many were taking care of their children and homeschooling them and trying to find time to do their own work.
wcjUCzREDSg-00064-00064446-00065790 Pam Lach (she, her): So I didn't want to ask folks to do too much. So to get restarted. I did what I normally do. I went back to the community. And I asked them, what is it you need and what is it you can handle. How much can you actually do right now.
wcjUCzREDSg-00065-00065874-00066648 Pam Lach (she, her): And based on that I developed a new set of virtual programs programs that were never intended in the face to face world.
wcjUCzREDSg-00066-00066705-00067614 Pam Lach (she, her): That were modified from in face to face events and design for the virtual with low expectations for what what people needed to do to show up.
wcjUCzREDSg-00067-00067683-00068889 Pam Lach (she, her): So rather than a robust research group that we normally have every month for faculty. We just engaged in light readings exploration of readings about digital pedagogy to help them right there with their virtual instruction.
wcjUCzREDSg-00068-00068973-00069996 Pam Lach (she, her): That events to try to bring people together to keep the community going and then in lieu of full on robust workshops tool, a week tool exploration in
wcjUCzREDSg-00069-00070047-00071091 Pam Lach (she, her): Over zoom in part to help me learn how to teach a tool over zoom and impart to manage people's expectations about what was possible in, zoom, because at that time. I didn't know
wcjUCzREDSg-00070-00071265-00071667 Pam Lach (she, her): A quick assessment of our tool week's show that it was really successful we had
wcjUCzREDSg-00071-00071739-00072801 Pam Lach (she, her): Much higher attendance than we would normally have in a face to face event and folks came with very little prior knowledge and articulated a sort of eagerness to use what they had learned
wcjUCzREDSg-00072-00072855-00074151 Pam Lach (she, her): Beyond the workshop. The tool WEEK EVENT. We also attracted far more people outside of St su than I was anticipating making me think about what access looks like for a Digital Humanities Center. Once it virtualize is
wcjUCzREDSg-00073-00074271-00075033 Pam Lach (she, her): Now while I was developing these virtual programs. I was also trying to think about ways of keeping my staff working in a non exploitative way.
wcjUCzREDSg-00074-00075072-00076359 Pam Lach (she, her): And we developed a project to create tool tutorials in large part to support virtual instruction and to show how the DH center could still contribute to the campus efforts to pivot during the pandemic.
wcjUCzREDSg-00075-00076464-00077367 Pam Lach (she, her): We aligned the tutorials based on strategic campus priorities, particularly the push to improve access to Adobe Creative Cloud.
wcjUCzREDSg-00076-00077424-00078813 Pam Lach (she, her): This year it is free for everybody, including our students and faculty were being encouraged to use in the classroom. So my staff person focused on creating a lot of Adobe tutorials to help faculty do this very quickly with virtual instruction.
wcjUCzREDSg-00077-00078900-00079590 Pam Lach (she, her): We also identified tools that I commonly used in my instruction that were being used for class projects.
wcjUCzREDSg-00078-00079617-00080442 Pam Lach (she, her): And we encouraged our Student Assistance to explore those tools and find ones that they found interesting do a deep dive and become experts in them.
wcjUCzREDSg-00079-00080493-00081255 Pam Lach (she, her): So that they could engage in peer to peer instruction developing slides and videos and transcripts, often in English and Spanish to support
wcjUCzREDSg-00080-00081306-00082170 Pam Lach (she, her): To support their, their colleagues their peers and for us to support our faculty. We started releasing these tutorials over the summer and we'll have more coming out.
wcjUCzREDSg-00081-00082215-00083223 Pam Lach (she, her): This fall with my new I have a temporary position that I'm sharing with our maker space. So I have a half time person working on more tutorials this semester.
wcjUCzREDSg-00082-00083334-00084393 Pam Lach (she, her): And what I realized about the tutorials, is that this has always been a strategic priority of the digital humanities initiative at San Diego State. We've always wanted to create what we call Digital Literacy Modules.
wcjUCzREDSg-00083-00084411-00084885 Pam Lach (she, her): Sort of really easy plug and chug things that faculty could easily pull into their classes.
wcjUCzREDSg-00084-00084927-00085380 Pam Lach (she, her): And I never had the bandwidth in the face to face world to be able to do this, but going
wcjUCzREDSg-00085-00085416-00086295 Pam Lach (she, her): To the fully virtual pandemic world actually enabled us to, you know, go back to these basics leverage these afford insists and actually create something
wcjUCzREDSg-00086-00086352-00087537 Pam Lach (she, her): That we could then use successfully to demonstrate my staff person is essential. This to get her renewed to keep our staff, our student assistants working in ways that they were actually learning something, and having fun doing it.
wcjUCzREDSg-00087-00087579-00088467 Pam Lach (she, her): So it was a really gratifying experience the as we were doing this in the center, we were doing similar work with the digital humanities initiative.
wcjUCzREDSg-00088-00088503-00089493 Pam Lach (she, her): At the end of the spring semester we pulled together our faculty advisory board which had largely been dormant since for this year, in part because of the closure of the center in the fall.
wcjUCzREDSg-00089-00089538-00090486 Pam Lach (she, her): And we came together as a group and we talked about what is it we need and what is it we can do, how can we as DH faculty lead in this pandemic moment.
wcjUCzREDSg-00090-00090567-00091251 Pam Lach (she, her): And we realized, well, we've already been engaging with digital tools in our teaching are already highly interdisciplinary and collaborative
wcjUCzREDSg-00091-00091290-00092019 Pam Lach (she, her): And we already already think about the impact of digital technologies on humans and what really are human centered
wcjUCzREDSg-00092-00092079-00093903 Pam Lach (she, her): And so as a group we committed to Articulating those values in a more visible way with the Create creation of this website teaching during quarantine extensively created for fall virtual instruction, we've already learned that our spring will also be virtual across the CSU.
wcjUCzREDSg-00093-00094008-00094980 Pam Lach (she, her): And this is not, this was intended, not as added work for our faculty, but really a curation and aggregation of existing work that our faculty were doing in their classes.
wcjUCzREDSg-00094-00095022-00096027 Pam Lach (she, her): So part one involves ways that faculty were using different tools in the class and it includes assignments assessments tutorials that I've created and sample student work.
wcjUCzREDSg-00095-00096069-00097287 Pam Lach (she, her): Part two emphasizes helping students think critically about digital technology and culture and then a third section focuses on virtual programming that can support virtual instruction this semester.
wcjUCzREDSg-00096-00097395-00098298 Pam Lach (she, her): And this website which we launched July 1 has been really generative its lead to new points of contact for my own DH instruction.
wcjUCzREDSg-00097-00098328-00099462 Pam Lach (she, her): It's led to new sections of the website based on conversations that it sparked in particular, how to create a learning community in zoom a trusted and Supportive Learning Community.
wcjUCzREDSg-00098-00099567-00100524 Pam Lach (she, her): And also its lead to new sort of innovations, we have a section on digital annotation and folks were really interested in using hypothesis. The social annotation tool.
wcjUCzREDSg-00099-00100581-00101586 Pam Lach (she, her): In in their classes this semester. And through this website and the conversation it sparked we were actually able to get hypothesis integrated into our canvas learning management system.
wcjUCzREDSg-00100-00101607-00102165 Pam Lach (she, her): By the start of the fall semester, which we were all somewhat surprised pleasantly surprised. We were able to do so quickly.
wcjUCzREDSg-00101-00102393-00103533 Pam Lach (she, her): We have launched, we are launching a new set of virtual programs this semester much fewer programs than we normally would offer we normally have four tracks for our events this semester, just to
wcjUCzREDSg-00102-00103578-00104892 Pam Lach (she, her): Our workshops are aligned with the curriculums. So either workshops. I'm doing in classes that we're opening up to the public or the five part public podcasting workshop series that launches this Friday at one o'clock Pacific time
wcjUCzREDSg-00103-00104955-00105635 Pam Lach (she, her): Which is aligned with the growing interest in podcasting in the curriculum as well as with faculty engagement.
wcjUCzREDSg-00104-00105699-00106776 Pam Lach (she, her): Our virtual Lecture Series for the most part, focuses on recent publications coming out of DH faculty. So it's meant to highlight the work we're doing and not create more work for anybody.
wcjUCzREDSg-00105-00106833-00108008 Pam Lach (she, her): So our goal here with this. As with everything we've been doing is not to do more with less, as we've we are increasingly going to be asked to do in a time of sort of budget austerity, but to do less with greater impact.
wcjUCzREDSg-00106-00108198-00109092 Pam Lach (she, her): So where does that leave me today. It's not the pandemic has not been without its challenges. The biggest one has been
wcjUCzREDSg-00107-00109200-00110082 Pam Lach (she, her): What does it mean to be a space without the space. And how are we still a Digital Humanities Center without a space to bring people together.
wcjUCzREDSg-00108-00110163-00111059 Pam Lach (she, her): One of the things I've really been struggling to do and have not been able to figure out yet, is how to provide safe access to specialized equipment in supportive virtual instruction.
wcjUCzREDSg-00109-00111138-00111963 Pam Lach (she, her): And when I say safe. I don't mean just say for the faculty using it or the staff who are supporting that but also our, our cleaning our facilities cleaning crew.
wcjUCzREDSg-00110-00111986-00112995 Pam Lach (she, her): Who have to come in and clean anytime someone comes into the building. How do we do this in a safe way that protects everybody and still supports virtual instruction. I was working on a plan for this.
wcjUCzREDSg-00111-00113058-00114063 Pam Lach (she, her): All summer, and then I hit pause when I started to see campuses back east reopening and then quickly closing and our campus has been no different.
wcjUCzREDSg-00112-00114129-00114672 Pam Lach (she, her): Our library, which had opened at the start of our semester is now closed. Again, I should say it was partially opened
wcjUCzREDSg-00113-00114708-00115470 Pam Lach (she, her): And I'm still thinking about what it means to provide access to specialized equipment and I don't yet have have any answers to that.
wcjUCzREDSg-00114-00115518-00116475 Pam Lach (she, her): But I would say that what I've been doing throughout the pandemic is trying to see this as a moment of reinvention and reimagining
wcjUCzREDSg-00115-00116553-00117311 Pam Lach (she, her): It's clear to me that I won't be able to return to what I had done before the pandemic.
wcjUCzREDSg-00116-00117393-00117879 Pam Lach (she, her): It's just not going to be possible. It's not clear when I'll have a we fully staffed.
wcjUCzREDSg-00117-00117915-00118971 Pam Lach (she, her): We have no idea yet what the long term budget implications of the pandemic will be we've got some early projections for the next couple of years, but we don't really quite know what that's going to mean
wcjUCzREDSg-00118-00119019-00119508 Pam Lach (she, her): So how can we continue to articulate for the importance of the space.
wcjUCzREDSg-00119-00119541-00121116 Pam Lach (she, her): Without the space and how can we continue to bring people together in this kind of organic way that sparks conversation and and and sparks ideas and mutual collaboration is really hard to recreate this in a zoom environment, try as we might
wcjUCzREDSg-00120-00121215-00121794 Pam Lach (she, her): How do we do this in a way that doesn't just pile on to our faculty with everything that they're doing and our students, for that matter.
wcjUCzREDSg-00121-00121848-00122850 Pam Lach (she, her): So I've been trying to think through these possibilities and take this as an opportunity opportunity to reimagine. So one of the things my the CO director of the
wcjUCzREDSg-00122-00122907-00123690 Pam Lach (she, her): Initiative and I have been thinking about is, how can we transform the initiative and the space simultaneously during and after the pandemic.
wcjUCzREDSg-00123-00123761-00124467 Pam Lach (she, her): To begin thinking about how we can seed research, we have still some startup funds from the early days of the initiative.
wcjUCzREDSg-00124-00124527-00125505 Pam Lach (she, her): That we could use to seed research projects research centers and bring those into the center and rather than focus on programmatic events.
wcjUCzREDSg-00125-00125558-00126423 Pam Lach (she, her): We could be engaging in the space to seed. This research and generate new research. This is just one of many ideas we're we're tossing around right now.
wcjUCzREDSg-00126-00126635-00127899 Pam Lach (she, her): What I would say as a final set of reflections and takeaways. Is that and I've kind of already said this already but reopening, whatever that means, during the pandemic cannot be returned to business as usual.
wcjUCzREDSg-00127-00127992-00129096 Pam Lach (she, her): We have to think about all sorts of new concerns about safety, public health equity and access things that we never had to think about before or not quite in this in this way.
wcjUCzREDSg-00128-00129177-00130290 Pam Lach (she, her): And that real reopening after the pandemic cannot be returned to the way things were. We're in a moment of forced disruption. And I think that there's an opportunity to hear to think
wcjUCzREDSg-00129-00130404-00131244 Pam Lach (she, her): creatively about this. If we allow it. If we allow ourselves to. And so what I've been doing throughout the entire time. And what I
wcjUCzREDSg-00130-00131322-00132183 Pam Lach (she, her): What I encourage folks here in the in the virtual room here to think about whether you're trying to reopen your center or launch a new center during or after the pandemic.
wcjUCzREDSg-00131-00132258-00133017 Pam Lach (she, her): It's just sort of go back to basics and think about who is who we are, what is it we do, how do we do it, and most importantly, why do we do it.
wcjUCzREDSg-00132-00133080-00134748 Pam Lach (she, her): And if we stay centered on our community and our communities shared values and shared vision as much as that evolves over time, we can find a way to safely reopen now and and and sort of see ourselves transformed in the future.
wcjUCzREDSg-00133-00135072-00135120 Pam Lach (she, her): Thank you.
wcjUCzREDSg-00134-00135522-00136716 Joan Lippincott: Pam. That was amazing. And we have a few questions which I'll get to in just two seconds. I really have a rhetorical question, given your small staff. Do you ever sleep.
wcjUCzREDSg-00135-00136881-00136965 Pam Lach (she, her): Very little.
wcjUCzREDSg-00136-00137076-00137250 Pam Lach (she, her): I'm a workaholic, and an insomniac
wcjUCzREDSg-00137-00137466-00138117 Joan Lippincott: So the first question is, can you talk a little bit about the reading group activity. We're considering something similar.
wcjUCzREDSg-00138-00138153-00139365 Joan Lippincott: And we'd love to hear more about it. The planning engagement attendance and someone seconded that and said they're forming one of their institution. And how do you maintain the momentum and this would be for the reading group activity.
wcjUCzREDSg-00139-00139389-00139749 Pam Lach (she, her): Yeah, we had a sort of a research reading group.
wcjUCzREDSg-00140-00139854-00141021 Pam Lach (she, her): among faculty for many years. And typically we would get a about a dozen faculty, it would meet monthly over lunch and we would provide lunch and we would engage in a set of shared readings.
wcjUCzREDSg-00141-00141093-00142155 Pam Lach (she, her): We take turns facilitating the discussion of those readings and sometimes we would actually engage in more formal presentation of research and the purpose of that research group was to
wcjUCzREDSg-00142-00142215-00144126 Pam Lach (she, her): Develop a shared vocabulary and a shared understanding that could then potentially generate new research collaborations with the virtual reading group. I was really cautious about asking folks to do more work to get ready. So I didn't want to assign reading in advance. So we picked the
wcjUCzREDSg-00143-00144234-00144300 Pam Lach (she, her): Digital
wcjUCzREDSg-00144-00144519-00145917 Pam Lach (she, her): Sorry, I'm blanking on the name digital to look at my cheat sheet here, the digital pedagogy reader that had just come out and we encouraged folks, rather than read it just just explore so explore it.
wcjUCzREDSg-00145-00146031-00146670 Pam Lach (she, her): bring something of interest. And then we invited one of the co editors who is up at San Jose State, which is another CSU.
wcjUCzREDSg-00146-00146718-00147846 Pam Lach (she, her): She came sort of talked about the development of this volume. And so it was much lower expectations than normal. We're not actually rerunning that reading group this semester.
wcjUCzREDSg-00147-00147912-00148707 Pam Lach (she, her): We decided to hit pause on that because we thought it would be too much labor for our faculty who have very heavy teaching loads and so
wcjUCzREDSg-00148-00148800-00150480 Pam Lach (she, her): But, but last spring. We had about a dozen folks show up and not just faculty, but students as well. I would add that I limited this to San Diego State because I saw it as a community building activity. So I didn't allow non SDS you folks into the room for that other than the CO editor.
wcjUCzREDSg-00149-00150591-00151773 Pam Lach (she, her): And it was really just a conversation about how to how to engage with digital in the classroom. We didn't actually talk about anything sort of concrete or concrete tools or anything like that.
wcjUCzREDSg-00150-00151863-00152862 Pam Lach (she, her): And so I think if I were to do it again. I might pose some questions. When we announced the event, to get folks, sort of a little bit more focused and ready to talk
wcjUCzREDSg-00151-00152970-00153861 Joan Lippincott: Thank you. And the next question gets to something you mentioned at the end of your presentation about getting back to first principles and
wcjUCzREDSg-00152-00153939-00154896 Joan Lippincott: You're asked, I'm interested in the founding values of the center the feminist project development etc and how those translate to the virtual hasn't been seamless.
wcjUCzREDSg-00153-00155058-00155643 Pam Lach (she, her): That's a really wonderful question. Well, I would guess I would say nothing has been seamless in the pandemic.
wcjUCzREDSg-00154-00155745-00155808 Pam Lach (she, her): So,
wcjUCzREDSg-00155-00155970-00157647 Pam Lach (she, her): So I'm not sure about that, but that's really been my touchstone throughout the whole thing. So trying to make sure that everything we do is driven by these these principles of caring for each other and ourselves and an equity and
wcjUCzREDSg-00156-00157764-00158292 Pam Lach (she, her): And and visibility. So for instance, with the th th website the teaching during quarantine.
wcjUCzREDSg-00157-00158364-00158955 Pam Lach (she, her): My co director Jessica pressman did a lot of the heavy lifting and originally didn't put her name on the website anywhere.
wcjUCzREDSg-00158-00158997-00159858 Pam Lach (she, her): And I I pushed back and I insisted that she put her name on it and that we give her credit for the work that she did. And if you go through that website. You'll notice that
wcjUCzREDSg-00159-00159891-00161382 Pam Lach (she, her): every faculty member who contributed to it in one way or another is listed. So that was one way that we tried to sort of stick to those values and and and continue making them visible and articulate double. I don't know if that completely answered the question.
wcjUCzREDSg-00160-00161547-00163137 Joan Lippincott: And then a comment, love the idea of the Community user group and having users help to continue to shape and share knowledge to have experts on campus teach and share their knowledge. I don't know if you want to expand on that or if I should go to the next question.
wcjUCzREDSg-00161-00163185-00163626 Pam Lach (she, her): Um, I think you can go to the next question, but thank thank you to whoever said that
wcjUCzREDSg-00162-00163857-00164688 Joan Lippincott: And our next question. You mentioned getting feedback from your community. How did you do that surveys or direct emails or other methods.
wcjUCzREDSg-00163-00164799-00166029 Pam Lach (she, her): during the pandemic. It was largely surveys, because that was the easiest way to reach people and we didn't get a lot of people filling out the surveys, because you know there were so many surveys going around at that time.
wcjUCzREDSg-00164-00166083-00167232 Pam Lach (she, her): And then using the feedback mechanism for our tool, a week generated a lot of feedback, but it was also a lot of emails and just anytime we were in a zoom room together just trying to
wcjUCzREDSg-00165-00167292-00168033 Pam Lach (she, her): To talk not just about the work we were trying to do in the zoom room, but how things were going. So starting every meeting with, you know, how are you doing
wcjUCzREDSg-00166-00168099-00169146 Pam Lach (she, her): How, how's it going, and using that to drive the needs of the community to our to articulate a shared set of needs and drive the work that we do. And really stay focused on that.
wcjUCzREDSg-00167-00169533-00170580 Joan Lippincott: I want to invite the participants to put any links to their own programs that they may be doing that are particularly innovative during the pandemic, so
wcjUCzREDSg-00168-00170607-00171291 Joan Lippincott: Please I have them share them with each other in the chat if you would like. I think Pam, you've really given us
wcjUCzREDSg-00169-00171330-00173358 Joan Lippincott: An exceptional. Look at your creativity and innovation. During this time, and I'm sure that many of the participants are going to take ideas from what you've shared. So thank you so much. And now we're going to move on to Peter Leonard and Peter, please proceed and share your slides.
wcjUCzREDSg-00170-00173406-00174390 Peter Leonard: Right. Thank you, Joan. For the invitation and thanks very much. Pam also to Starting us off I starting my timer and I'm starting my slides in one second.
wcjUCzREDSg-00171-00174681-00174765 Peter Leonard: There we go.
wcjUCzREDSg-00172-00174972-00175266 Peter Leonard: And. Great. So let me pull us into
wcjUCzREDSg-00173-00175377-00175623 Peter Leonard: Can everybody see my slides.
wcjUCzREDSg-00174-00175827-00176031 Peter Leonard: Joan might have to hold up a thumb or something.
wcjUCzREDSg-00175-00176127-00177090 Peter Leonard: Yes, Peter. Great. Thank you. Okay. So I'm here to talk about digital, it is at a distance continuity of DH or the most we can do to ensure continuity of DH
wcjUCzREDSg-00176-00177138-00177918 Peter Leonard: Research Services during it pandemic, I come to you as the director of the digital humanities lab at Yale University library here in New Haven, Connecticut.
wcjUCzREDSg-00177-00177954-00178707 Peter Leonard: I'm one of many members of the lab, we have a great team of collaborators who've come on since 20 1516 when we founded the lab.
wcjUCzREDSg-00178-00178764-00179349 Peter Leonard: So these are all the folks with whom I work every day. This is when we could take pictures in the space. We haven't been in a while.
wcjUCzREDSg-00179-00179427-00180126 Peter Leonard: But this is the room. We were given. So the folks who have not had a chance to come to New Haven and visit your library.
wcjUCzREDSg-00180-00180198-00180990 Peter Leonard: You know, it's really interesting, when you're setting up a digital humanities lab. You never want to look a gift horse in the mouth. Our university librarian said we think we can
wcjUCzREDSg-00181-00181059-00181662 Peter Leonard: We can arrange to have this room serve as a new physical space for the digital humanities lab.
wcjUCzREDSg-00182-00181737-00182487 Peter Leonard: This is quite a striking room. It's for it is very much of the 1930s at when the building was built by john Campbell Rogers.
wcjUCzREDSg-00183-00182553-00183051 Peter Leonard: It is of course a 1930s understanding of early English Renaissance. So it is a
wcjUCzREDSg-00184-00183117-00184734 Peter Leonard: Tutor fantasy in many ways we undertook a large renovation project to try to keep the beauty of this room, while also making it more responsive to modern research methods and this is an image of what the room looks like shortly after its reopening and late
wcjUCzREDSg-00185-00184908-00185679 Peter Leonard: This is a gale graduate students demonstrating their work on one of the screens, we have around the room that's job sankofa there.
wcjUCzREDSg-00186-00185760-00186810 Peter Leonard: He's standing next to some digital humanities books which are in the original 1930s bookcases but we change the bookcases to show the covers of the books, rather than the spines.
wcjUCzREDSg-00187-00186849-00187428 Peter Leonard: And you might see a couple more images of these books as we go forward through the rest of the images in my presentation.
wcjUCzREDSg-00188-00187476-00188433 Peter Leonard: We, we find that the physical volumes about digital humanities about critical Big Data studies and those are really books that start a lot of conversations in the room.
wcjUCzREDSg-00189-00188493-00189174 Peter Leonard: And then finally, at the sort of the back right there. You'll see one of my colleagues, Doug, who's working in this glass Special Projects cube.
wcjUCzREDSg-00190-00189207-00190017 Peter Leonard: And I'll be talking about each of these spaces and each of these afford incentives, the screens. The books. The room and what's changed since we had to shut down in March.
wcjUCzREDSg-00191-00190077-00190596 Peter Leonard: I do want to just offer a really quick note about where we are here in New Haven where we are at Yale.
wcjUCzREDSg-00192-00190629-00191826 Peter Leonard: In regards reopening and so one thing that's important to say is that although we closed our physical doors to the library in March, but library never closed in terms of its services that it provided to scholars
wcjUCzREDSg-00193-00191889-00192948 Peter Leonard: we reopen the physical doors in early September and most undergraduates were then able to come about a week later, we had about a week of a soft launch. And so now, as of today, we have
wcjUCzREDSg-00194-00192984-00193626 Peter Leonard: The undergraduate, graduate and faculty populations who are still physically present in New Haven are able to get into the library.
wcjUCzREDSg-00195-00193662-00194475 Peter Leonard: That's not the entire population of course. And so one of the themes. I'll be returning to is the question of how a digital humanities lab can help ensure
wcjUCzREDSg-00196-00194505-00195456 Peter Leonard: access and equity to what is now a geographically dispersed student body and for that matter even faculty body, but the library is now reopened.
wcjUCzREDSg-00197-00195540-00196527 Peter Leonard: As a physical space. Most staff, including myself, are not going into the library every day. And so what I'll be talking about is how do we, how does it physical lab change.
wcjUCzREDSg-00198-00196560-00197343 Peter Leonard: When we don't have the same presence in the space. How do we have to transform that space that we have to transform our services to ensure some kind of
wcjUCzREDSg-00199-00197391-00197814 Peter Leonard: Sort of Research Service continuity, even when things are still changing
wcjUCzREDSg-00200-00197868-00198978 Peter Leonard: should also acknowledge. We're very lucky in Connecticut, we have, we understand ourselves to be on the right side of the distribution in this current moment things could change in terms of the impact of covert
wcjUCzREDSg-00201-00199020-00199662 Peter Leonard: It's not a impact that is evenly distributed across socio economic boundaries, even within the city of New Haven.
wcjUCzREDSg-00202-00199740-00200430 Peter Leonard: So there's a lot of disparities, but on the other hand, if you look at where we are across all 50 states. I think that we're
wcjUCzREDSg-00203-00200484-00200784 Peter Leonard: We're encouraged by the general health situation, Connecticut.
wcjUCzREDSg-00204-00200838-00201900 Peter Leonard: So broadly. I'm going to go through what was continued throughout the physical closure and now that the room is reopened have also talked about what we've had to change to adopt a new circumstances and digital humanities support.
wcjUCzREDSg-00205-00201957-00202824 Peter Leonard: I'll talk about what we stopped doing and how we plan to restart it. So one of the things to say is that, you know, maybe virtual consultations and training.
wcjUCzREDSg-00206-00202869-00203877 Peter Leonard: And project work is the easiest thing to move online, it's not to say that Zoom is a perfect medium. That's the opposite of a perfect medium, but at least we understand how to set up.
wcjUCzREDSg-00207-00203916-00205059 Peter Leonard: You know, drop in office hours to have a continue existing conversations that we've had with some existing clients and to help serve new clients through digital mediums, such as zoom
wcjUCzREDSg-00208-00205137-00206001 Peter Leonard: We have continued to hire graduate assistants who help us out at those virtual consultations, so my colleague, Kathy, do rose has done a great job of
wcjUCzREDSg-00209-00206028-00207234 Peter Leonard: rehiring a bunch of students who had the roles that people who are in those roles had graduated we've continued to interview and hire during the shutdown to ensure that we have the right team there to help people with digital humanities questions.
wcjUCzREDSg-00210-00207330-00208326 Peter Leonard: One of the other things that we have noticed is that there's a change in what people are coming to us for people are now really eager to talk about ways of sharing data and research work online.
wcjUCzREDSg-00211-00208425-00208946 Peter Leonard: Software that people always had thought about or sort of mentioned, they're suddenly being forced to work with every day.
wcjUCzREDSg-00212-00208980-00209342 Peter Leonard: They're being forced to set up shared. So Tara bibliography is they're
wcjUCzREDSg-00213-00209379-00210564 Peter Leonard: Asking us really interesting questions about can we share a trophy file over like Dropbox or box so that a researcher who's cut off from their research assistant can still input data into the same database.
wcjUCzREDSg-00214-00210639-00211701 Peter Leonard: Keeping repositories on Dropbox, things like that. The virtual consultations and training are a core part of what we do. And they've been in some way, not the hardest thing to move online.
wcjUCzREDSg-00215-00211761-00212423 Peter Leonard: Even though certainly there are some things that we all like better about in person interactions. We've also done a lot of
wcjUCzREDSg-00216-00212505-00213225 Peter Leonard: Tried to continue to do our outreach and global engagement. There are programs such as email Young Global scholars who come to us. Every summer for
wcjUCzREDSg-00217-00213258-00213996 Peter Leonard: A brief introduction to DH sort of getting a sense of what digital humanities is we did ask for permission for the students.
wcjUCzREDSg-00218-00214083-00214791 Peter Leonard: To be able to use their image in this context. So that's real live students who were being trained by Kathy up at the top left.
wcjUCzREDSg-00219-00214823-00215430 Peter Leonard: Of normally these folks come to New Haven. They come to New Haven from India from Africa from many countries in Africa from China.
wcjUCzREDSg-00220-00215463-00216248 Peter Leonard: All over the world this year, they couldn't come to New Haven for a million different reasons. We were committed to continuing doing that kind of outreach work.
wcjUCzREDSg-00221-00216294-00216651 Peter Leonard: Over zoom, even though we couldn't Welcome them into the Frankie family room.
wcjUCzREDSg-00222-00216719-00217425 Peter Leonard: Another thing you remember, and you should, we should have known. To begin with, but certainly having a large percentage of our group abroad.
wcjUCzREDSg-00223-00217452-00218055 Peter Leonard: Meant that we had were sort of confronted with access restrictions to American companies websites such as get hub or Google Maps.
wcjUCzREDSg-00224-00218079-00218934 Peter Leonard: If you tell everybody follow this tutorial on GitHub and GitHub happens to be banned in a particular country. You're, you're going to have to scramble to do something else.
wcjUCzREDSg-00225-00219096-00220044 Peter Leonard: We also have a physical room that I showed you a couple pictures of what I'm showing you now is a floor plan of the room, roughly as it was when we opened in October of 2018 and
wcjUCzREDSg-00226-00220059-00220476 Peter Leonard: Although this is going to be hard to see probably over zoom you can see tables and you can see chairs.
wcjUCzREDSg-00227-00220523-00221352 Peter Leonard: And trust me when I say that every single one of those chairs with usually occupied by students studying or working on a digital humanities project throughout the day.
wcjUCzREDSg-00228-00221412-00222360 Peter Leonard: This is the current layout and what I've tried to do in the current layout of our lab is to only put a red dot where people are allowed to sit, given the physical distancing rules that
wcjUCzREDSg-00229-00222398-00222998 Peter Leonard: I wasn't able to erase every single chair, but trust me those chairs, aren't there anymore. The only things that are there are the red dots.
wcjUCzREDSg-00230-00223065-00224088 Peter Leonard: And so one of the big transformations we did in our room was to reduce the seating de identified the seating allow people to study in the room to work in the room to conduct research in the room.
wcjUCzREDSg-00231-00224133-00225231 Peter Leonard: But not be too close to other people. We also did some transformations to our digital signage. So you might have seen in one of the first images I showed you a graduate student was showing his work on
wcjUCzREDSg-00232-00225269-00225548 Peter Leonard: African American juveniles in the criminal justice system.
wcjUCzREDSg-00233-00225594-00226266 Peter Leonard: And those screens still can be used that way as presentation media but they now also show of course coronavirus safety information.
wcjUCzREDSg-00234-00226296-00227382 Peter Leonard: So at the top left, you're seeing a six foot distance sign in the bottom right, you're seeing, you know, wash your hands keep them clean, you're also seeing some of our digital humanities books in the bookshelves there.
wcjUCzREDSg-00235-00227415-00228471 Peter Leonard: So we did do that early intervention to just make sure that when we reopened in September that all of our we figured that we love data visualization, but in the current moment what we have to visualize is the crucial safety steps.
wcjUCzREDSg-00236-00228498-00229200 Peter Leonard: They're going to keep our scholarly community safe and that we were willing to kind of de emphasize the data visualization story.
wcjUCzREDSg-00237-00229254-00230316 Peter Leonard: So that people can continue to enjoy the room and in a safe manner I mentioned before, the we have a kind of glass theory of the room. The Special Projects cube and that area is shown here.
wcjUCzREDSg-00238-00230400-00231317 Peter Leonard: Back in 2018 so that area is set off and it's set off because it has some equipment in it like VR goggles and a scanner. I'll be talking about in a moment.
wcjUCzREDSg-00239-00231354-00232319 Peter Leonard: But I want to talk about how the equipment in this cube in the middle of the room has continued to work even when the room has been empty from March through September.
wcjUCzREDSg-00240-00232353-00233256 Peter Leonard: And so I thought I'd talk about a couple different projects that we've been working on this is a machine in the cube which basically manages all of the raw data from companies such as
wcjUCzREDSg-00241-00233310-00233973 Peter Leonard: Gail Cengage or pro quest or Elsevier all the companies that we licensed data from in the in the library system.
wcjUCzREDSg-00242-00234023-00234825 Peter Leonard: And that you can see on the right, there's a big silver box that's a large storage area for all of the images and texts that comes to us from vendors, so that
wcjUCzREDSg-00243-00234873-00235158 Peter Leonard: That computer is continued to process all of those images.
wcjUCzREDSg-00244-00235203-00236139 Peter Leonard: And all of that data and I'll be talking about in a little bit more in a bit how we've managed to get that data to users, but certainly it's a problem because we used to
wcjUCzREDSg-00245-00236171-00236823 Peter Leonard: Invite them into the cube to hook up at one of their own hard drives to get access to a data source, such as Evo or echo or
wcjUCzREDSg-00246-00236856-00237528 Peter Leonard: Some license material, of course, after they had signed an agreement understanding, you know, making them aware of licensing and copyright
wcjUCzREDSg-00247-00237594-00238332 Peter Leonard: Other things that are going on in our cube. We've done. We have some specialized digitization equipment and what I'm showing you here on the right is actually a video of me.
wcjUCzREDSg-00248-00238383-00239442 Peter Leonard: In the basement scanning microfilm because we had a microfilm scanner that we had traditional used for text and data mining projects and we really shifted the use of some of that specialized equipment.
wcjUCzREDSg-00249-00239502-00240623 Peter Leonard: To just general access to materials during the pandemic, because we although before we would have said, we want to help out. People get data off of microfilm for text and data mining for sort of digital humanities purposes.
wcjUCzREDSg-00250-00240663-00241517 Peter Leonard: When all of our when the entire libraries clients were no longer able to come into the library, we realized we have some specialized equipment. It could ease access
wcjUCzREDSg-00251-00241560-00242166 Peter Leonard: To material. There's so much amazing historical material trapped on microfilm. So we did
wcjUCzREDSg-00252-00242229-00242867 Peter Leonard: shift this over to more general purpose access. Again, there are still licensing and in some cases copyright questions around
wcjUCzREDSg-00253-00242958-00243711 Peter Leonard: microfilm. So this is not stuff we're able to put online for everyone, but it's in response to specific user queries for I need this particular newspaper
wcjUCzREDSg-00254-00243756-00244248 Peter Leonard: I ended up scanning about 20,000 pages over the course of the time that we had our doors closed.
wcjUCzREDSg-00255-00244341-00245061 Peter Leonard: This is one of my favorite pictures from 2020. This is a Palin sensitive to different monitors in the cube. You can see the very back that's a
wcjUCzREDSg-00256-00245144-00245669 Peter Leonard: Keep your hands clean WASH YOUR HANDS GO TO cove at 919 dot edu.
wcjUCzREDSg-00257-00245715-00246339 Peter Leonard: In the front. There's one of our workstations that's doing some deep learning some artificial intelligence. You can see all of the
wcjUCzREDSg-00258-00246369-00248019 Peter Leonard: Cores there on the screen and the GPUs, which are doing even more sophisticated inference. So while the room was closed and even after the room has now opened up the specialized equipment in the lab has continued to support Digital Humanities Research projects. And I'll start this off.
wcjUCzREDSg-00259-00248163-00248487 Peter Leonard: Let's see if I can increase my volume, so people can hear a little bit on
wcjUCzREDSg-00260-00248598-00250371 Peter Leonard: If you like Schoenberg, you'll love this. This is music being composed by a flocking algorithm. So it's basically a semi deterministic sort of deep learning way of asking notes to be composed by sort of random birds that behave in certain ways virtual birds no birds were harmed.
wcjUCzREDSg-00261-00250488-00251292 Peter Leonard: So this is in the service of a experimental opera project being done by a professor at Yale. And so we were helping them out with a little bit of
wcjUCzREDSg-00262-00251334-00251754 Peter Leonard: Artificial Intelligence for music composition. I guess that's a great way to save time
wcjUCzREDSg-00263-00251829-00252288 Peter Leonard: We're also doing some computational work on photography. So what I'll show you on the screen here is
wcjUCzREDSg-00264-00252339-00253148 Peter Leonard: This is a Generative Adversarial Network. That is hallucinating cars, and that is to say it's a network. It's been trained on automobiles.
wcjUCzREDSg-00265-00253200-00253871 Peter Leonard: And we are then sampling from that network and asking it to kind of dream up cars that never existed but might have
wcjUCzREDSg-00266-00253926-00254784 Peter Leonard: The ground truth for this project to the original data that we train the network on is several hundred thousand automobiles photographed by Ed rush a
wcjUCzREDSg-00267-00254817-00255891 Peter Leonard: Kind of accidentally as part of his multi decades work driving a van or having a staff drive a van down the Sunset Strip and other streets in Los Angeles. And this is part of a research collaboration with the Getty
wcjUCzREDSg-00268-00255930-00256566 Peter Leonard: So what you're seeing here is essentially again a hallucination of the automobile that sort of that symbol of Los Angeles.
wcjUCzREDSg-00269-00256605-00257621 Peter Leonard: After having observed hundreds of thousands of automobiles in the late mid century this network tries to dream up automobiles that might exist with essentially like deep faking Los Angeles.
wcjUCzREDSg-00270-00257771-00258773 Peter Leonard: We also have other work in the textual domain. So this is a. These are imaginary rare books that we're working on that we have sort of sampled from a network.
wcjUCzREDSg-00271-00258813-00259544 Peter Leonard: A textual network. This time, so not a musical network, not a visual network a textual network. These are books that don't exist, but they were
wcjUCzREDSg-00272-00259584-00260388 Peter Leonard: hallucinated by a network that had learned the 12,000 books that in the rare domain that yields acquired since the 1940s.
wcjUCzREDSg-00273-00260423-00261237 Peter Leonard: So if you look closely at one of these, you'll start to see it. It's plausible and then you run into a clause, where you think you know maybe this book doesn't quite exist.
wcjUCzREDSg-00274-00261300-00262227 Peter Leonard: All of this material that the sort of sort of generation of music, the hallucination of new cars from every Shays archive the sort of
wcjUCzREDSg-00275-00262275-00263196 Peter Leonard: The sort of forgery of new Rare Books drawn from the bibliographic tradition of institutions that you like the binding key which have been collecting special material for decades.
wcjUCzREDSg-00276-00263247-00263793 Peter Leonard: All of this was done in the equipment that was still in the room. And so my point is that that equipment kept working
wcjUCzREDSg-00277-00263823-00265068 Peter Leonard: Even when we couldn't be in the building and when. More importantly, our clients couldn't be in the building, we were able to do this work on the the GPUs and using the hardware and keep those research processes going
wcjUCzREDSg-00278-00265140-00266064 Peter Leonard: So what were the consequences or effects of the multi month period where our doors were closed our services continued and our doors are back open
wcjUCzREDSg-00279-00266130-00267183 Peter Leonard: To welcome folks in at a reduced level. Well, the obvious point is that we have a much real room capacity. And it's not just a D density side room. It's a room in which the original vision of having the
wcjUCzREDSg-00280-00267216-00268119 Peter Leonard: Tables and chairs be infinitely movable to a level collaboration, of course, we've had to disable that we've had to fix the chairs and tables in place, the degree that we can
wcjUCzREDSg-00281-00268161-00269181 Peter Leonard: And that's really heartbreaking because the room was really set up to allow collaboration and sort of informal gathering and now we have these very serious public health restrictions on that type of work.
wcjUCzREDSg-00282-00269295-00269556 Peter Leonard: The thing that hits me a lot is the removal of in person.
wcjUCzREDSg-00283-00269634-00270576 Peter Leonard: Expertise from the room. So my offices in that room. My team's offices in that room and we're basically not in the room as an effort now as part of our effort to D, identify the library.
wcjUCzREDSg-00284-00270666-00271719 Peter Leonard: Shared equipment, the hype. The high powered computers that people come in and use when their own you know MacBook Air 11 inch just wasn't up to the task, we've had to remove that for the same public safety reasons.
wcjUCzREDSg-00285-00271797-00272895 Peter Leonard: Putting goggles on your face for Oculus Rift just not going to happen for a while. So that's really too bad. On the other hand, it does ensure that we can help the room be used in a safe manner.
wcjUCzREDSg-00286-00272991-00273600 Peter Leonard: Mentioned before in terms of shifting things to zoom. We don't have those in person consultations anymore. And it's not just the age
wcjUCzREDSg-00287-00273639-00274548 Peter Leonard: I think Miriam Olivares who's our GIS librarian here at, you know, maybe on the video and she came used to come to our room to meet with people who needed help.
wcjUCzREDSg-00288-00274578-00275238 Peter Leonard: Using mapping or geospatial technologies we're no longer to offer able to offer that kind of in person meetings with an expert.
wcjUCzREDSg-00289-00275298-00275973 Peter Leonard: No more in person, workshops, although that's something that has actually spurred us to do some work on a virtualized in those workshops
wcjUCzREDSg-00290-00276015-00276420 Peter Leonard: Certainly what Pam was talking about earlier is something we really aspire to, and
wcjUCzREDSg-00291-00276459-00277224 Peter Leonard: Now I think as we put that into effect will have will be left with a great repository of asynchronous or on demand videos that might
wcjUCzREDSg-00292-00277260-00277788 Peter Leonard: Help equalize access to the information because, of course, not everybody is going to be in the eastern time zone.
wcjUCzREDSg-00293-00277875-00278073 Peter Leonard: Mentioned before the Gail Cengage and
wcjUCzREDSg-00294-00278100-00279213 Peter Leonard: Pro Quest data that we gave to researchers after they understood the licensing restrictions we can no longer invite them into our cube and have them hook up their own hard drive. So we have to figure out other ways of them getting that large information.
wcjUCzREDSg-00295-00279270-00280047 Peter Leonard: Had to remove all of our introductory brochures and change all of our signage information to reflect more covert centric messaging.
wcjUCzREDSg-00296-00280116-00280944 Peter Leonard: So what's, what's going to happen as we try to restart. Some of these in person services. I think one of the things we can
wcjUCzREDSg-00297-00280989-00281673 Peter Leonard: Not just restart, but actually extend is some of the bulk digitization. We've been contributing to specifically around microfilm.
wcjUCzREDSg-00298-00281706-00282861 Peter Leonard: Many historians and humanists are passionate about the material that's locked on microfilm and the possibilities of doing just extraction of those images and OCR on them.
wcjUCzREDSg-00299-00282906-00283719 Peter Leonard: I'm working on a way to kind of split that scanning task up to meet our sort of labor environment at Yale. So we have some pair professional and some professional workers.
wcjUCzREDSg-00300-00283866-00285066 Peter Leonard: Terms of equity and access. We know that not everybody can physically come into the library anymore. And so the question is, can we end. Can we once we have a workflow setup. Can we have a button in a
wcjUCzREDSg-00301-00285144-00285735 Peter Leonard: Next to a microfilm real in our online catalog that says, I would like you know 16 images from this real
wcjUCzREDSg-00302-00285780-00286614 Peter Leonard: Can we make that a one click a button so that somebody can then scan those items and OCR them and get them to the patron subject to copyright and licensing.
wcjUCzREDSg-00303-00286668-00287424 Peter Leonard: Because we know that the way that the travel networks are in the way visa problems are not everybody will be able to do their work physically at El libraries.
wcjUCzREDSg-00304-00287541-00288195 Peter Leonard: Getting raw access access to data for text and data mining purposes on. Can we for those folks who are not
wcjUCzREDSg-00305-00288237-00288660 Peter Leonard: Physically in the states and may not have great brand with can we mail hard drives to them.
wcjUCzREDSg-00306-00288705-00289239 Peter Leonard: Full of the data that they need to analyze for their work. I don't have an answer that yet, but I think it's something we want to work on.
wcjUCzREDSg-00307-00289296-00290097 Peter Leonard: consultations and training, as I mentioned before, we have continued to hire for those consultations. The Graduate workers who work us with that.
wcjUCzREDSg-00308-00290151-00290706 Peter Leonard: But we don't know when we'll be able to resume in person consultations and training we may need to
wcjUCzREDSg-00309-00290784-00292011 Peter Leonard: Sort of continue the virtual option because not everybody can return to New Haven and that whole scale return of Yale to yield affiliates to New Haven may take a long time to really come true.
wcjUCzREDSg-00310-00292071-00293175 Peter Leonard: And then finally, I think the return to staff offices to make sure that the room isn't just a room with books and screens and computers, but that it's full of people who care passionately about DH
wcjUCzREDSg-00311-00293259-00293937 Peter Leonard: We just don't know the timeline for that and we're all wondering about large scale changes and work patterns. After coronavirus
wcjUCzREDSg-00312-00293973-00294516 Peter Leonard: But I do think for me personally, having that community in the room, the offices open right off the room.
wcjUCzREDSg-00313-00294585-00296049 Peter Leonard: Having that interaction between students and faculty and staff is really a key part of our vision. And so that's something that I'm really, I would love to get to a point where that is no longer such a problem. And with that I'll stop the slides and we can shift questions.
wcjUCzREDSg-00314-00296196-00297096 Joan Lippincott: Thank you so much. Peter, I think that it was a real treat for all of us to get a glimpse into some of those really fascinating projects.
wcjUCzREDSg-00315-00297153-00298365 Joan Lippincott: As a bonus to your presentation about the difficulties of doing so much of this work during the pandemic. So far, we have one question, which was
wcjUCzREDSg-00316-00298437-00299565 Joan Lippincott: Put into the chat right before you started to talk more specifically about opening up. And the question was that she'd like to hear more about how the physical lab.
wcjUCzREDSg-00317-00299685-00301011 Joan Lippincott: Is being used for DH work wasn't clear how much of the space or any had been repurposed for general use. And how has access to the technology age technology managed and supported
wcjUCzREDSg-00318-00301107-00302082 Joan Lippincott: also specify did. Did you just open in September, you know, or are people starting to come in now, or is this in a couple weeks or
wcjUCzREDSg-00319-00302148-00303204 Peter Leonard: Yeah, it's a great question. So just on that last thing on the the the main doors of Sterling. The main lot what most undergrads would think of as the library. Although there are many libraries reopened.
wcjUCzREDSg-00320-00303294-00304446 Peter Leonard: Last week and then most undergrads had about a week later, they had to wait. Most of them do to quarantining. There are always exceptions folks who are from Connecticut or New Haven had some different rules, but
wcjUCzREDSg-00321-00304530-00305418 Peter Leonard: In general, we've only seen patrons in our space for the last couple days. And so that's been really an undergrad, there have been some faculty and grad students
wcjUCzREDSg-00322-00305475-00306414 Peter Leonard: But I think that touches with the first question you. You were telling us about which was the breakdown of the space between like specialized DH usage and then general usage and
wcjUCzREDSg-00323-00306456-00307203 Peter Leonard: Although Sterling has a lot of beautiful rooms. The, the most more than most where I went to college. We had one room that looked like this and Sterling has like seven
wcjUCzREDSg-00324-00307278-00308079 Peter Leonard: But part of the notion of turning this into a digital humanities lab was that it would support, not just specialized the digital humanities.
wcjUCzREDSg-00325-00308151-00308847 Peter Leonard: Work but also be a great place for any user of Yale services, the library services to come in and
wcjUCzREDSg-00326-00308886-00309426 Peter Leonard: We didn't want to gateway it and a gatekeeper and said, You have to be like on a list or you have to have a project.
wcjUCzREDSg-00327-00309459-00310320 Peter Leonard: That's one of the reasons the books are around the wall so you could accidentally walk into the room and then see books on GIS or see books by Sophia Novell on the wall.
wcjUCzREDSg-00328-00310359-00311157 Peter Leonard: And get intrigued by something, whether it's Python programming or critical big data, you know, algorithms of oppression or GIS or mapping
wcjUCzREDSg-00329-00311220-00312258 Peter Leonard: And so the question is really great because if you before March. If you stepped in, you'd see a mix of folks doing very specialized work for which they needed special hardware or big screens.
wcjUCzREDSg-00330-00312309-00313197 Peter Leonard: And then you'd get folks watching YouTube to get folks chatting that's we were specifically not a quiet space. And so there were some folks who love that aspect of us.
wcjUCzREDSg-00331-00313272-00314103 Peter Leonard: I'm on my concern about reopening now is that the the basically the professional staff, aren't there. And so I do think that will change the tenor of the room.
wcjUCzREDSg-00332-00314136-00315108 Peter Leonard: But it's important to remember and it'll be less of a DH space. Let's be honest. On the other hand, we're playing a role in the larger ecosystem of study spaces within you library.
wcjUCzREDSg-00333-00315186-00316176 Peter Leonard: Yale is not by and large, not holding in person classes. There are some exceptions for studio art and sort of wet lab work, and I'm sure a couple others.
wcjUCzREDSg-00334-00316227-00317337 Peter Leonard: But by and large deals classes on zoom and this we are also at de identified levels holding an undergraduate population on campus, much smaller than we would normally, but we do have folks undergrads in dorms.
wcjUCzREDSg-00335-00317385-00318219 Peter Leonard: And so what that means is that I think the our digital humanities lab can play a role in offering a space, both for specialized digital humanities work.
wcjUCzREDSg-00336-00318249-00319458 Peter Leonard: But also just for general usage in general, studying, and I think that's an incredibly important role for the room to play at a time when we're all thinking in six feet distances and we're thinking about
wcjUCzREDSg-00337-00319557-00320244 Peter Leonard: social spaces for students to see friends who might who that otherwise run into in class, but they now only see on zoom or something.
wcjUCzREDSg-00338-00320310-00321984 Peter Leonard: Yields doing a huge renovation of its Student Center and so that building is not currently open the library, I think, is playing an outsize role in its importance for social interaction, quiet study medium noise study and I think that our room fits into that ecosystem of support.
wcjUCzREDSg-00339-00322140-00322914 Joan Lippincott: So building on that Peter, someone asks, Are there any unanticipated positive aspects to the present environment Copa
wcjUCzREDSg-00340-00322977-00324495 Joan Lippincott: And shift remote work for your DH lab. So you've talked about some of the benefits for students and and others, and maybe like to add more but also what about the shift to the remote work.
wcjUCzREDSg-00341-00324513-00324654 Peter Leonard: Yeah, um,
wcjUCzREDSg-00342-00324783-00325830 Peter Leonard: I think it's interesting to think about all of at least me I suffer zoom burnout. I mean nothing against this but you know we're all in these meetings all day long. It's crazy.
wcjUCzREDSg-00343-00326007-00326745 Peter Leonard: My interactions with my team are actually really positive on zoom or at least I say that you could ask pull them if they share the opinion, but I think it's
wcjUCzREDSg-00344-00326844-00328044 Peter Leonard: It is nice to it reminds me of times we've been together in the past, and it is reminder of how lucky we were to attract this group of folks to yield to work with us on I
wcjUCzREDSg-00345-00328113-00328953 Peter Leonard: I think that we all struggle with not being able to have those water cooler conversations THOSE CASUAL interactions, if you see somebody all of our
wcjUCzREDSg-00346-00328986-00329706 Peter Leonard: offices have glass walls. So if you see somebody something on somebody's screen. We used to stop by and say, Oh, that looks amazing. What are you working on
wcjUCzREDSg-00347-00329820-00330318 Peter Leonard: But I think that was inserted that challenge of what is, is there any positive
wcjUCzREDSg-00348-00330357-00331203 Peter Leonard: I mean, maybe it's forced us to be a bit more intentional about how we use meeting time. Or how about how we organize what we're working on, or how we discuss it with people.
wcjUCzREDSg-00349-00331251-00332118 Peter Leonard: There are certain other we're a very collaborative group, there's certain things that you want to take off into like a two person zoom that it's not useful to talk about with a group of five people.
wcjUCzREDSg-00350-00332202-00333072 Peter Leonard: I think anything that asks both managers and colleagues to think more carefully about what they're trying to communicate how they communicate it balancing
wcjUCzREDSg-00351-00333159-00334680 Peter Leonard: Positivity with sort of creative criticism I think anything that gets us to be sort of better co workers to each other even something as awful as the separation from the work environment and this sort of enforced video conferencing regime. I mean, that can have some positive benefits.
wcjUCzREDSg-00352-00334806-00334857 Joan Lippincott: Thank you.
wcjUCzREDSg-00353-00335088-00335724 Joan Lippincott: As a follow up one of our participants is curious about whether researchers are comfortable using
wcjUCzREDSg-00354-00335760-00337290 Joan Lippincott: The space without staff nearby and also how access to machines is managed now. My impression is that you're not really letting too many people use at least some of the equipment. How do you keep them away. They put it away. That's
wcjUCzREDSg-00355-00337293-00337806 Peter Leonard: You know, it's a great question that glass area, what we call the special parts cubes that does have lockable doors.
wcjUCzREDSg-00356-00337857-00338379 Peter Leonard: And so, but one of the reasons we architected it like that, if we wanted the objects of
wcjUCzREDSg-00357-00338430-00339303 Peter Leonard: Investigation goggles or whatever or special scanner to always be visible, even if they were, secure, we didn't want to put them in a basement windowless room because we thought that
wcjUCzREDSg-00358-00339336-00340290 Peter Leonard: I mean, ideally you'd walk by the cube and you'd see an English professor putting on the headset experiencing a poet's house that she helped to document and that would get you thinking about mixed reality.
wcjUCzREDSg-00359-00340359-00341217 Peter Leonard: But even if that Professor weren't in that area, you would still see the goggles themselves or maybe a screenshot of her work on the screen. And so maybe that would be sort of generative in some ways.
wcjUCzREDSg-00360-00341391-00341502 Peter Leonard: So the
wcjUCzREDSg-00361-00341604-00342504 Peter Leonard: That area because of understandable health concerns, as I said, we just can't have that same access to the special at most of the specialized equipment in this current moment.
wcjUCzREDSg-00362-00342555-00343458 Peter Leonard: There even restrictions around collections material, so I should say that when I take a microphone real off the shelf and I scan it or whatever.
wcjUCzREDSg-00363-00343518-00344031 Peter Leonard: Then need to like let it go for x hours where x is determined by environmental health and safety and everything. Um,
wcjUCzREDSg-00364-00344112-00344766 Peter Leonard: So there's a lot of we're all thinking a lot more about what we touch and where we put it. And things like that. But it is a great question. I was in the office.
wcjUCzREDSg-00365-00344799-00345735 Peter Leonard: This week I guess Monday seems like a long time ago and a student came up to me and said, Where are the big IMAX I'm a stats major and I always do my stats on the IMAX and they're gone.
wcjUCzREDSg-00366-00345792-00346590 Peter Leonard: And and I said, I'm really sorry. We've pulled all we've had to pull every single public access computer with, with a few exceptions for catalog. Look up.
wcjUCzREDSg-00367-00346656-00347553 Peter Leonard: And that's horrible. And so I for somebody who grew to depend on that. And so I contacted a colleague over in our science Social Science Library, who told me, they're
wcjUCzREDSg-00368-00347619-00348387 Peter Leonard: They're putting up virtual machines and they're trying to install the right software on them. And so I think I was able to get that particular stats major an answer that I think helped him.
wcjUCzREDSg-00369-00348456-00349416 Peter Leonard: That's a slide I should have had in here. We did have eight IMAX that had specialized software on them and we basically now need to virtualize that we need to figure out how can we enable cloud access to
wcjUCzREDSg-00370-00349482-00350523 Peter Leonard: A powerful computer that can run Abby fine reader OCR or that has Archie is on it. So we that's work that lies ahead of us, because all of this has happened so rapidly.
wcjUCzREDSg-00371-00350622-00351741 Joan Lippincott: Thank you. I'm going to ask one final question and ask you to reply. First Peter and then for Pam to unmute herself and reply as well.
wcjUCzREDSg-00372-00351783-00352713 Joan Lippincott: In our last session. Someone asked, How can I make the case for space for digital scholarship when
wcjUCzREDSg-00373-00352755-00354216 Joan Lippincott: We're able to do so many things without in the virtual environment. Now I can glean a lot of things from your presentation, but I would love to hear you put it into a few words to help people make that case.
wcjUCzREDSg-00374-00354348-00354495 Peter Leonard: You and You want me to go first, Joan.
wcjUCzREDSg-00375-00354498-00354549 Joan Lippincott: Yes, please.
wcjUCzREDSg-00376-00354552-00354909 Peter Leonard: Okay, great. Yeah, we were we were trying to figure out what to do with this room.
wcjUCzREDSg-00377-00354951-00355854 Peter Leonard: This beautiful room in 2015, you know, I thought back to when I was a college student. I was a college student from 93 to 97 and I used to work in a computer lab. And that was such a great
wcjUCzREDSg-00378-00355881-00356103 Peter Leonard: I don't sound awful it was such a social space.
wcjUCzREDSg-00379-00356142-00357090 Peter Leonard: Because if you you were suddenly together with other people who work behind the desk of the computer lab and you got to exchange ideas and learn from people and you have to help you bring up a floppy disk floppy disk died. What do I do
wcjUCzREDSg-00380-00357165-00358482 Peter Leonard: Well that was a time in the 90s when Silicon Graphics and sun and, you know, all sorts of computers were too expensive for a mere mortal mortal to own, but you could come into a computer lab and use the most kids. I knew didn't have computers, laptops or desktops.
wcjUCzREDSg-00381-00358539-00359277 Peter Leonard: So what do you do in 2020 when like $1,000 macbook air will do almost everything you need, with the exception of deep learning
wcjUCzREDSg-00382-00359427-00360297 Peter Leonard: And to be clear, not everybody can afford thousand dollar laptop. We do offer chat. We used to offer checkouts of those in another department in library. I don't know how they're dealing with that now.
wcjUCzREDSg-00383-00360333-00361272 Peter Leonard: So our answer to architected the Frankie room was it has to be not a bank of computers right there are spaces that go even more in an extreme like Butler studio
wcjUCzREDSg-00384-00361305-00361923 Peter Leonard: With Alex skill at Columbia where it's just really a blank canvas for whatever people you bring into that room.
wcjUCzREDSg-00385-00362022-00362607 Peter Leonard: And so I and that may have I'd be interested to hear Pam's thoughts on that as you guys have gone through a couple iterations of your space.
wcjUCzREDSg-00386-00362661-00363648 Peter Leonard: But so we, I think the two quick answers are that it's not an exclusive space, you can come into that space as a bio MIT undergrad and just read PubMed, whatever those people do.
wcjUCzREDSg-00387-00363687-00364383 Peter Leonard: We're not exclusionary and hopefully you'll catch, catch a book on the wall about facial recognition and start thinking about that in a different way. Right.
wcjUCzREDSg-00388-00364515-00365586 Peter Leonard: So we're not exclusive space and then number two. It had to be about displaying the books about the age displaying the visualizations, which are generally graduate student projects on the walls. Normally when it's not coated material.
wcjUCzREDSg-00389-00365631-00366213 Peter Leonard: On creating the first play out. I showed with a U shaped tables. Those were for workshops gathered around an enormous
wcjUCzREDSg-00390-00366270-00367062 Peter Leonard: Digital monitor so that we could bring we could create community in that space and say we're all learning intro to text analysis, but we're also going to get to know each other.
wcjUCzREDSg-00391-00367131-00368160 Peter Leonard: All of those things are thing I think we look forward to doing you know restarting once this current exigency goes away, but I think my main answer would be non exclusive space.
wcjUCzREDSg-00392-00368223-00369708 Peter Leonard: In space, that doesn't fixate on equipment. I know it should a lot of slides of equipment, but that that is also flexible and open and lets people just sort of come together in different ways, because we are definitely past the computer lab model with just rows and rows of CRT monitors.
wcjUCzREDSg-00393-00369783-00370140 Joan Lippincott: Thank you so much. How about you, Pam, what are your thoughts.
wcjUCzREDSg-00394-00370173-00371562 Pam Lach (she, her): Yeah, it's gonna be a lot of the same to what Peter said, We similarly designed our space to not look like a computer lab and not function like a computer lab we have computing labs in the library. We didn't need to recreate that
wcjUCzREDSg-00395-00371616-00372381 Pam Lach (she, her): We really wanted to emphasize humans. So we downplayed technology, we actually keep a lot of our technology hidden, most of the time.
wcjUCzREDSg-00396-00372444-00372855 Pam Lach (she, her): Because we're really trying to facilitate cross disciplinary conversation and connection.
wcjUCzREDSg-00397-00372945-00374151 Pam Lach (she, her): So making the case for a space when there isn't a space right now is tricky. And it's something that I'm trying to struggle with. Because, you know, I don't want to do such a good job with the virtual that we no longer need the space.
wcjUCzREDSg-00398-00374256-00374376 Pam Lach (she, her): But I think
wcjUCzREDSg-00399-00374502-00375909 Pam Lach (she, her): For one thing we've demonstrated that there are certain things that you just can't virtualize it's really hard to virtualize community. And I think that point of zoom fatigue that Peter was talking about. We're all we all started feeling it really early on in a pandemic.
wcjUCzREDSg-00400-00376056-00377433 Pam Lach (she, her): I shouldn't speak for everybody but I certainly felt that way. And I think the other thing, too, is that I think the broader case for digital scholarship is more than ever. It's more powerful than ever right now because
wcjUCzREDSg-00401-00377541-00378105 Pam Lach (she, her): We're not just in this virtual moment that's going to end when it's safe to come back together and act.
wcjUCzREDSg-00402-00378138-00378990 Pam Lach (she, her): And without social distancing and things like that. I think that we're in a period of transformation. I'm not quite sure what things are going to look like when we emerge. But I think that
wcjUCzREDSg-00403-00379068-00380022 Pam Lach (she, her): digital scholarship will be even more centered than it was. And so spaces that support forward thinking innovation and that can
wcjUCzREDSg-00404-00380088-00381096 Pam Lach (she, her): Support virtual for future fast pivots. I'm thinking, in particular, being on the west coast that it's completely engulfed in flames and smoke right now.
wcjUCzREDSg-00405-00381177-00381912 Pam Lach (she, her): This isn't going to go away. It might the next crisis might not be public health IT MIGHT BE environmental but we're going to need to be ready to pivot again.
wcjUCzREDSg-00406-00381966-00382527 Pam Lach (she, her): And so I think that the space can facilitate that kind of thinking that can then
wcjUCzREDSg-00407-00382620-00383958 Pam Lach (she, her): Function semi independently from the space, even though the space for it really does matter. It's this very circular argument that I'm somewhat caught up in right now trying to make the case for we can still function without the space, but the space is so essential
wcjUCzREDSg-00408-00384060-00385125 Pam Lach (she, her): To bringing people together to improving access to not get keeping all the things that Peter said, so I'm not sure that I have a perfect answer, but it's one I'm going to be thinking a lot about in the coming months.
wcjUCzREDSg-00409-00385227-00386139 Joan Lippincott: Thank you. Thank you so much. Pam and Peter for your excellent presentations I learned so much and I hope our participants did as well.
wcjUCzREDSg-00410-00386190-00388011 Joan Lippincott: Our next webinar is this coming Thursday, September 17 and our speakers will describe assessment needs and ongoing we're going to now in the recording and unmute you. So if you'd like to ask a question directly of one of the speakers, you can do so please use the raise your hand.
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wdjyzw7E0bQ-00027-00013819-00014110 And it costs you depending on where you are between 10 - 35 USD a night..
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00028-00014110-00014410 Remember that what matters is a clean and comfortable bed as you won't be the whole day in the room
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00029-00014410-00014900 If you are heading to Japan for instance, why don’t you try the capsule stay experience?
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00030-00014910-00015190 Number 3: Check in your flight online!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00031-00015200-00016108 Although it depends on the airline you’re flying with, it is almost always better to check in online for your flight,
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00032-00016110-00016390 rather than waiting to check in at the airport
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00033-00016400-00016810 The reasons for that: 1: If the flight is oversold, the last people to check in are usually the ones denied boarding
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00034-00016820-00017220 2: You don’t have to wait in a long queue to check in at the airport
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00035-00017220-00017620 3: If you have bags to check in, you can just drop them, usually at a faster queue than the full service check-in desks
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00036-00017620-00018020 4: Although checking-in at airport is free for most airlines, in some airlines operating in Europe,
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00037-00018020-00018640 checking-in at the airport costs you for instance 35 euro or more depending on which airline. So always consider checking-in online!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00038-00018640-00018940 Number 4: Do not forget your important documents!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00039-00018940-00019340 First of all, the important thing you need to know when it comes to travel requirements is that it depends
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00040-00019340-00019840 on which passport you hold, and on the country you are traveling to. Check if you need a visa for that country or
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00041-00019840-00020240 not, then check for how long your passport must be valid. Some countries only require a valid passport for
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00042-00020240-00020640 the duration of your holiday, other countries need one month validation, some of them need three months
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00043-00020640-00020920 and others need at least 6 months. So if your passport expires soon,
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00044-00020920-00021110 always check before traveling or apply for a new one for a longer validation period!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00045-00021110-00021510 In addition to the visa and passport, check if you need to show a return ticket, booking of accommodation,
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00046-00021510-00021910 or even an insurance document at the airport upon arrival
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00047-00021910-00022350 For all of that, you can check with the airline you are traveling with or the embassy
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00048-00022360-00022860 Now, why it is important to check and have these documents? The simple answer is that you will not be
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00049-00022860-00023360 able to travel, so you missed your flight where in some cases the ticket price is very high, you paid for accommodation for nothing,
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00050-00023360-00023960 and there could be other costs involved. Who wants to ruin his vacation by forgetting such documents?!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00051-00023960-00024230 Number 5: Weight your luggage!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00052-00024230-00024730 Before heading to the airport make sure your luggage doesn’t exceed the weight mentioned in your ticket
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00053-00024730-00025230 Overweight luggage can cost you extra money when you are flying with almost any airline. How much it will cost
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00054-00025230-00025730 you depends on which airline and their policies. For example, the overweight luggage fees for Air Canada is
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00055-00025730-00026230 105 USD, with Emirates Airlines is 50 USD, with Lufthansa Airlines between 75 to 450 USD, depending on
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00056-00026230-00026630 the weight, and the list goes on. In my case with Wizz Air, it was15 EUR per kilo
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00057-00026630-00027130 So try to have a luggage scale at home to weight your luggage, if not possible, use an ordinary digital home scale,
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00058-00027130-00027630 otherwise try to be early at the airport so you can weight your luggage there before the check-in to have an idea
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00059-00027630-00028130 whether it is within the limits or not. Before we move to the next travel tip, always consider having a room in your
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00060-00028130-00028789 luggage for 1 or 2 kilos as you might buy presents and souvenirs before flying back home. Travel light!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00061-00028789-00029089 Number 6: Bring your own snacks on board!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00062-00029089-00029789 So you are done with airport check-in procedures and now it’s time to relax on your seat while having some snacks ha? Well, good idea!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00063-00029789-00030389 And let me tell you, if you are one of those who have a basic flight ticket where no meal is included, purchasing
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00064-00030389-00030789 some snacks on board may not be cheap. The rule here is: "better pay on the ground than in the air"
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00065-00030789-00031089 Have your own snacks so you can save almost half price of what you will pay on board
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00066-00031089-00031589 Well, I don’t mean here bringing hot fresh meals as not everything is allowed
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00067-00031589-00031960 but something like a sandwich, nuts, piece of cake can be a good option
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00068-00031960-00032660 Take into account that you cannot have liquids in your carry-on bag like water unless you fill it in a bottle of 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliter
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00069-00032660-00032960 One more little tip here,
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00070-00032960-00033960 a bar of chocolate can wake you up and replace a cup of coffee on board, so you don’t have to wait in that long queue for toilet in some flights, right?
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00071-00033960-00034260 Number 7: Use public transport!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00072-00034260-00034760 While you are landing, you may be thinking how to get to your accommodation upon arrival. First piece of
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00073-00034760-00035300 advice here, always check online before flying if there is a public airport-city way of transport
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00074-00035300-00036000 This could be a bus, a train, a metro, or any other way of transport depending on where you are
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00075-00036000-00036500 Knowing that in advance well save you time and more important money as having a private transport like a taxi
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00076-00036500-00036800 can cost you a lot. Second piece of advice,
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00077-00036800-00037300 if there is no public transport or you need to wait something like an hour or more or that you have arrived
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00078-00037300-00037890 in the night, try to share a taxi with some other travelers. Enjoy the ride!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00079-00037890-00038090 Number 8: Get a local sim-card!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00080-00038090-00038490 If you are planning to spend a week or so in the country where you traveled to
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00081-00038490-00038790 recommend you to buy a local sim-card
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00082-00038790-00039190 In fact, many telecommunication companies make great revenue from travelers by applying high rates on
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00083-00039190-00039490 their use of internet and calls abroad. In addition, having a local sim-card is important as you don’t have always the opportunity to connect to WIFI
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00084-00039490-00039750 Don’t forget here to buy a pre-paid sim-card as you don’t need to sign a contract then using your ID or passport
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00085-00039750-00040050 Number 9: Check places to visit online first!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00086-00040050-00040550 Many people in the world got disappointed by visiting a place like a museum or an entertainment park, after they
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00087-00040550-00041050 had expected it to be more interesting, and therefore lost some money. Luckily, with couple of clicks,
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00088-00041050-00041550 you can have a look at these places online and check reviews and opinions of previous visitors, so that will
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00089-00041550-00042050 help you to decide whether to go or not, and if not, it means you saved couple of dollars. Not bad ha? Another
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00090-00042050-00042550 more interesting thing is that for many tourist places in the world, you can get the ticket cheaper online than at
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00091-00042550-00043130 at the physical desk. Repeating this practice frequently will save you a reasonable amount of money with time
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00092-00043130-00043330 Number 10: Ask locals for recommendations!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00093-00043330-00043920 When traveling somewhere, you may already have some plans for what to do, and sometimes, you let it go
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00094-00043920-00044420 randomly as part of the adventure, especially if you are traveling for fun. In both cases, asking locals for
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00095-00044420-00044920 recommendations to the best experience is a good idea. As not everything is available on the internet,
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00096-00044920-00045420 people of this or that city can tell you where the beautiful places to visit are located, and the price to
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00097-00045420-00046040 expect, they can guide to a cheap restaurant with a local delicious food to try. Many people are happy to help,
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00098-00046040-00046540 approach them, and get some info. Dare to ask and enjoy your travel!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00099-00046540-00046990 Well, thanks for watching and I hope you enjoyed this video! Please like, comment and share!
wdjyzw7E0bQ-00100-00046990-00047460 But first of all, please show some love and click on the subscribe button, so you don’t miss any interesting videos!
weGvnVGFrI8-00000-00001544-00001935 Sculptor Gutzon Borglum carved more than individuals into stone.
weGvnVGFrI8-00001-00001935-00002330 Mount Rushmore was intended to commemorate American culture and ideals-
weGvnVGFrI8-00002-00002330-00002748 a monument to democracy itself.
weGvnVGFrI8-00003-00002749-00003236 Thus he chose four presidents he believed best embodied the spirit of America and represented
weGvnVGFrI8-00004-00003236-00003688 the first 150 years of American history.
weGvnVGFrI8-00005-00003688-00003866 These presidents were:
weGvnVGFrI8-00006-00003866-00004368 George Washington
weGvnVGFrI8-00007-00004368-00004876 Thomas Jefferson
weGvnVGFrI8-00008-00004876-00005414 Theodore Roosevelt
weGvnVGFrI8-00009-00005414-00005904 and Abraham Lincoln.
weGvnVGFrI8-00010-00005905-00006689 Washington was a natural and uncontested first choice and carving began in late 1927.
weGvnVGFrI8-00011-00006689-00007097 As the father of the new country, he laid the foundation of American democracy and is
weGvnVGFrI8-00012-00007097-00007578 the most prominently featured on the mountain.
weGvnVGFrI8-00013-00007578-00008004 On sculpting Washington, Borglum said, “I deliberately carved the head in an upright
weGvnVGFrI8-00014-00008004-00008508 position without the slightest tilting forward or backward, or to either side, to fix upon
weGvnVGFrI8-00015-00008508-00008900 the mind of the observer the upright character of the man.
weGvnVGFrI8-00016-00008900-00009068 But I found the figure was too still.
weGvnVGFrI8-00017-00009068-00009533 I merely pivoted the body by cutting the left shoulder further back into the mountain.
weGvnVGFrI8-00018-00009533-00009796 It had the same effect as if the head itself had been turned.
weGvnVGFrI8-00019-00009796-00010202 It has put more life into the figure.”
weGvnVGFrI8-00020-00010202-00010828 Borglum’s monument, a shrine of democracy, has and will continue to serve as a lasting
weGvnVGFrI8-00021-00010828-00011408 testament to the founding, growth, preservation and development of the American nation.
whhyTvsS5Jg-00000-00000050-00000391 Hey y'all welcome back to the Keeton knife shop. If you're looking to build
whhyTvsS5Jg-00001-00000391-00000836 your first blown Forge burner this is the video for you! We're going to go
whhyTvsS5Jg-00002-00000836-00001406 through step by step how to build a blown force air burner. First I'm going
whhyTvsS5Jg-00003-00001406-00001780 to go over the differences of a venturi burner and a forced air burner.
whhyTvsS5Jg-00004-00001780-00002194 I recently posted a video of building a venturi burner and I'll put it up in the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00005-00002194-00002575 cards to the top right of your screen. Both venturi and the blown
whhyTvsS5Jg-00006-00002575-00002890 burners have their strengths and weaknesses. The venturi burner can
whhyTvsS5Jg-00007-00002890-00003311 operate without a power supply and in general is cheaper to put together. This
whhyTvsS5Jg-00008-00003311-00003770 greatly aids in it being mobile before doing shows or for going out on the road.
whhyTvsS5Jg-00009-00003770-00004304 The blown burner gives the user a large degree of control over the air to fuel
whhyTvsS5Jg-00010-00004304-00004709 amount in the air to fuel ratio . This gives the blown burner more
whhyTvsS5Jg-00011-00004709-00005156 flexibility at both the high and low ranges. The blown burner also has the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00012-00005156-00005683 advantage of running at a lower fuel gas pressure due to the absence of a jet.
whhyTvsS5Jg-00013-00005683-00006248 This will help you save in your propane cost. My venturi burner requires at least
whhyTvsS5Jg-00014-00006248-00006668 3 psi to operate smoothly however my forced air burner can work down
whhyTvsS5Jg-00015-00006668-00007159 all the way to a 1/2 of a PSI. A small caveat before we get started there are a
whhyTvsS5Jg-00016-00007159-00007531 lot of different ways to build a forced air burner. I am NOT indicating that my
whhyTvsS5Jg-00017-00007531-00007970 method is superior to others this is just how I decided to build this forced
whhyTvsS5Jg-00018-00007970-00008444 air burner with the parts I had on hand. The reason I'm building this specific
whhyTvsS5Jg-00019-00008444-00008918 burner is due to the inefficiencies of my current blown burner. I want to be
whhyTvsS5Jg-00020-00008918-00009386 able to run at a lower temperature in my Forge so I'm going to be changing it out
whhyTvsS5Jg-00021-00009386-00010175 to a one-inch burner tube and a 1 and 1/4 inch mixing chamber. Alright so let's
whhyTvsS5Jg-00022-00010175-00010526 get started. The first part that we're going to do and that I'm gonna draw out here
whhyTvsS5Jg-00023-00010526-00010979 is going to be the brass section or the section that connects our gas to our
whhyTvsS5Jg-00024-00010979-00011404 mixing tube. So starting at the mixing tube we have an eighth of an inch male
whhyTvsS5Jg-00025-00011404-00011897 pipe thread to a quarter inch flare. Now I'm gonna be tapping this into a reducer
whhyTvsS5Jg-00026-00011897-00012304 but if I was going to do it again I would tap this into a just a coupling
whhyTvsS5Jg-00027-00012304-00012809 a 1 and a 1/4 coupling. Anyway we go from the 1/8 male pipe thread to quarter
whhyTvsS5Jg-00028-00012809-00013218 inch flare to a quarter inch flare by quarter inch flare coupling
whhyTvsS5Jg-00029-00013218-00013895 then to a quarter-inch flare to quarter inch female pipe thread union; then a
whhyTvsS5Jg-00030-00013895-00014706 quarter inch male pipe thread close; then on to a needle valve that has a quarter
whhyTvsS5Jg-00031-00014706-00015119 inch female pipe thread on one side and a quarter inch male pipe that on the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00032-00015119-00015779 other side; I'll then connect the quarter inch male pipe thread side to a brass T.
whhyTvsS5Jg-00033-00015779-00016629 This T has three quarter inch female pipe thread inlets. I'm going to
whhyTvsS5Jg-00034-00016629-00017418 put a quarter inch male pipe thread gauge zero the 15 psi and then on the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00035-00017418-00017993 other outlet I'm gonna put a quarter inch male pipe thread close into that
whhyTvsS5Jg-00036-00017993-00018638 side then we're gonna go to a solenoid and the solenoid is basically an ESD
whhyTvsS5Jg-00037-00018638-00019229 which stands for emergency shutdown or emergency shutoff or or something along
whhyTvsS5Jg-00038-00019229-00019875 those lines. The solenoid will close when the power is turned off. Both sides of
whhyTvsS5Jg-00039-00019875-00020519 the solenoid have a quarter inch female pipe thread. Lastly or second-to-last
whhyTvsS5Jg-00040-00020519-00020943 I'll go to a quarter inch male pipe thread the quarter inch male pipe thread
whhyTvsS5Jg-00041-00020943-00021597 union and then to a quarter inch female pipe thread to 3/8 of an inch flare
whhyTvsS5Jg-00042-00021597-00022128 which will go to the gas line which will go to my regulator which will go to the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00043-00022128-00022659 propane tank. So this is the fuel side it's a little more complicated than it
whhyTvsS5Jg-00044-00022659-00023522 needs to be. In reality you can go straight from a 3/8 flare into a quarter
whhyTvsS5Jg-00045-00023522-00024231 inch nipple into your mixing tube and bypass a lot of this, but the gauge and a
whhyTvsS5Jg-00046-00024231-00024668 needle valve give you a lot of control and the solenoid gives you some safety.
whhyTvsS5Jg-00047-00024668-00025022 Next we're going to look at the big picture to the bottom right-hand side of
whhyTvsS5Jg-00048-00025022-00025445 your screen we have the forge; then coming out of the forge we have a 1 inch
whhyTvsS5Jg-00049-00025445-00025932 burner tube; this tube will be 6 to 7 inches long will; then go to a 1 inch by
whhyTvsS5Jg-00050-00025932-00026303 one and a quarter elbow so we're upsizing to one and a quarter for a
whhyTvsS5Jg-00051-00026303-00026722 mixing area; and to a one-and-a-quarter close after the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00052-00026722-00027268 that we'll go to a one and a quarter by 1-1/2 reducer. Now if I was
whhyTvsS5Jg-00053-00027268-00027760 going to do this again I would utilize a one and a quarter by 1-1/4 coupling in
whhyTvsS5Jg-00054-00027760-00028314 the middle of my mixing tube and instead of using a one and a quarter close I
whhyTvsS5Jg-00055-00028314-00028702 would probably use a two or three inch nipple in that case and put this in the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00056-00028702-00029052 middle of my mixing tube. The reason being is that it would be easier to
whhyTvsS5Jg-00057-00029052-00029502 drill and tap and accept the first assembly that we just drew. I used a
whhyTvsS5Jg-00058-00029502-00030033 reducer because I had a reducer on hand and I was trying to save cost by reusing
whhyTvsS5Jg-00059-00030033-00030550 some pieces from the original burner. I then went on to a one and a half nipple
whhyTvsS5Jg-00060-00030550-00031282 that was around six inches long; then a 1-1/2 by 1-1/2 elbow to 1-1/2 nipple to a
whhyTvsS5Jg-00061-00031282-00031735 gate valve to another 1-1/2 nipple to 1-1/2 floor flange and then to the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00062-00031735-00032317 blower. The first thing to do is to take apart my old burner after many heating
whhyTvsS5Jg-00063-00032317-00032764 and cooling cycles this bruner was pretty hard to take apart but I was
whhyTvsS5Jg-00064-00032764-00033151 trying to get to this reducer. Now this is what I would have substituted out for
whhyTvsS5Jg-00065-00033151-00033561 a coupling but in this case I'm going to be drilling and tapping this reducer. I
whhyTvsS5Jg-00066-00033561-00034057 was able to get it clamped up in my mini mill from Harbor Freight. The first step
whhyTvsS5Jg-00067-00034057-00034540 is to drill a pilot hole into the side of the reducer and then I followed that
whhyTvsS5Jg-00068-00034540-00035242 up by a 21/64  hole . Now this size hole is adequate for the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00069-00035242-00035893 eighth of an inch by 27 NPT tap that we will be using it to tap this hole. And
whhyTvsS5Jg-00070-00035893-00036493 then took a hand tap put it in the Chuck so that it was fully aligned with the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00071-00036493-00037174 hole I just drilled and got my tap started by hand using the weight of the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00072-00037174-00037984 mini mill and some rotation. I then taped this all the way through by hand
whhyTvsS5Jg-00073-00037984-00038599 I took some basic measurements in my cart and then cut the 1 inch nipple so
whhyTvsS5Jg-00074-00038599-00039079 that it would fit my specific Forge cart So now I'm going to show you the pieces
whhyTvsS5Jg-00075-00039079-00039355 that we drew out the first piece is 1/8 of an inch
whhyTvsS5Jg-00076-00039355-00039836 MIP by quarter inch flare then we go to a quarter inch by quarter inch flare
whhyTvsS5Jg-00077-00039836-00040369 coupling then a quarter-inch FIP by quarter-inch flare union then a
whhyTvsS5Jg-00078-00040369-00040880 quarter-inch flare I mean a quarter-inch close I'm sorry. That right there
whhyTvsS5Jg-00079-00040880-00041399 is the T and the gauge this is where we go out of order from how it should be
whhyTvsS5Jg-00080-00041399-00042346 set up then we have the needle valve another close; this is the solenoid or
whhyTvsS5Jg-00081-00042346-00043021 ESD; and then we have another quarter-inch MIP Union and then the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00082-00043021-00043537 quarter-inch female to three-eighths flare which goes to our propane tank. On
whhyTvsS5Jg-00083-00043537-00043990 the big pipe side we have the the nipple that we cut off that will go into the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00084-00043990-00044480 forge the one inch; then we have a one inch to one and a quarter elbow and
whhyTvsS5Jg-00085-00044480-00045086 we'll go to a one and a quarter close; then to the one and a quarter to one and a
whhyTvsS5Jg-00086-00045086-00045606 half reducer that we just drilled and tapped and then we have a one and a half
whhyTvsS5Jg-00087-00045606-00046078 nipple then lastly, I left this together,  I have a one  and a half by one and a half
whhyTvsS5Jg-00088-00046078-00046528 elbow to a one and a half nipple to a 1-1/2  gate valve to another one and a half
whhyTvsS5Jg-00089-00046528-00046902 nipple to a 1-1/2 floor flange and then finally to the blower itself
whhyTvsS5Jg-00090-00046902-00047341 I'll spare you all on putting it all together it's pretty simple I just use a
whhyTvsS5Jg-00091-00047341-00047812 pipe wrench and some teflon tape. I know there is a propane rated tape that could
whhyTvsS5Jg-00092-00047812-00048184 be used. I'm sure it's better but I had some Teflon line around. I then
whhyTvsS5Jg-00093-00048184-00048769 assembled it into my forge cart I had a nice pre-drilled hole there and it all
whhyTvsS5Jg-00094-00048769-00049327 fit. I then stuffed some Kao-wool into the gap that was created by my one inch /
whhyTvsS5Jg-00095-00049327-00049883 smaller burner tube and then I cranked it up. I stated earlier my major
whhyTvsS5Jg-00096-00049883-00050359 intention with building this burner or at least rebuilding it was to run my
whhyTvsS5Jg-00097-00050359-00050921 Forge at lower temperatures. In light of this, my first run I am adjusting the air
whhyTvsS5Jg-00098-00050921-00051386 to gas ratio and the air to gas amount as low as possible so that I can run my
whhyTvsS5Jg-00099-00051386-00051826 burner as cool as possible in the Forge. Using my thermocouple that I put
whhyTvsS5Jg-00100-00051826-00052180 together in the last video I'm able to measure the temperature and then with a
whhyTvsS5Jg-00101-00052180-00052625 stopwatch I'm able to measure the time; these two put together look like this on
whhyTvsS5Jg-00102-00052625-00052985 a graph. So you can see it took a little bit of time for it to ramp up that's
whhyTvsS5Jg-00103-00052985-00053408 because I use the lowest set points for the burner the forge leveled out
whhyTvsS5Jg-00104-00053408-00054035 around 1550 to 1650 degrees Fahrenheit. You can see the black dotted line is
whhyTvsS5Jg-00105-00054035-00054529 when I put a test blade right on top of the thermocouple in the Forge this was
whhyTvsS5Jg-00106-00054529-00055013 to kind of see how the Forge would react. When I put a cold blade into it you can
whhyTvsS5Jg-00107-00055013-00055502 see the temperature came down to right under 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit and then
whhyTvsS5Jg-00108-00055502-00056051 came back up to around 1560 before I took that blade out and quenched it; so
whhyTvsS5Jg-00109-00056051-00056546 this worked pretty good and I was pretty happy with the results. I filed tested
whhyTvsS5Jg-00110-00056546-00057154 the test blade and then I went on to snap it so I can check out the insides. I
whhyTvsS5Jg-00111-00057154-00057737 don't have a very refined eye when it comes to grain sizes but this looked
whhyTvsS5Jg-00112-00057737-00058310 pretty small to me. So that concludes the forced-air burner tutorial if you liked
whhyTvsS5Jg-00113-00058310-00058703 this video go ahead and hit the like button below also please subscribe and
whhyTvsS5Jg-00114-00058703-00059057 hit the bell button so you'll get notified when I post new content in the
whhyTvsS5Jg-00115-00059057-00059546 future like knife builds tool reviews and other builds like this where we're
whhyTvsS5Jg-00116-00059546-00059992 building something related to making our life as a knife maker easier. I want to
whhyTvsS5Jg-00117-00059992-00060497 also mention that I am not trying to come off as a pro and knife making; this
whhyTvsS5Jg-00118-00060497-00060995 is a hobby for me and as I learn I want to share what I've learned with all of
whhyTvsS5Jg-00119-00060995-00061516 you so that we can make each other better in our knife making journey so
whhyTvsS5Jg-00120-00061516-00061832 with that being said if you have anything you'd like to add to this video
whhyTvsS5Jg-00121-00061832-00062242 or any comments please go ahead and put them below and we can have a discussion
whhyTvsS5Jg-00122-00062242-00062292 down there.
whhyTvsS5Jg-00123-00062292-00062657 So thanks for watching and until the next time I'll catch yall
whhyTvsS5Jg-00124-00062657-00062947 on the flip side
whhyTvsS5Jg-00125-00064052-00064258 you
whOfUrNaxGQ-00000-00000000-00000360 Subscribe to my channel for Engineering Mathematics
wiqOuh-Il0M-00000-00004240-00004384 foreign
wiqOuh-Il0M-00001-00042024-00042184 foreign
wiqOuh-Il0M-00002-00047576-00047784 foreign
wiqOuh-Il0M-00003-00076776-00077184 foreign
wiqOuh-Il0M-00004-00088232-00088384 m
wiOjDrGJiBM-00000-00000558-00000896 My research interest is what happens when people have defects in the sodium-potassium pump.
wiOjDrGJiBM-00001-00000896-00001392 In some patients, there are defects in  the genes that code the sodium-potassium pump
wiOjDrGJiBM-00002-00001406-00001646 And these mutations can cause defects in the pump
wiOjDrGJiBM-00003-00001657-00001934 Which causes serious neurological disorders.
wiOjDrGJiBM-00004-00001936-00002596 Using mouse models, we have studied what happens when people have these defects.
wiOjDrGJiBM-00005-00002596-00003030 One of my main motivators is how important the sodium-potassium pump is as a protein
wiOjDrGJiBM-00006-00003030-00003411 Not least in relation to the cell's physiology activity.
wiOjDrGJiBM-00007-00003411-00004260 It's also been important to me that Aarhus University has a rich history of research in this area
wiOjDrGJiBM-00008-00004262-00004704 Not least because of Jens-Christian Skou, who got a Nobel Prize for his discovery of the pump.
wiOjDrGJiBM-00009-00004704-00005446 It's important because the sodium-potassium pump is so important  in all of the cell's physiological activities
wiOjDrGJiBM-00010-00005446-00006048 It's also important because there are patients with mutations of the sodium-potassium pump
wiOjDrGJiBM-00011-00006078-00006394 And there are currently no therapies available for these patients.
wiOjDrGJiBM-00012-00006394-00007036 The most interesting thing about research is that you have the opportunity to pose a question
wiOjDrGJiBM-00013-00007042-00007300 And then you have to figure out how to arrive at an answer yourself.
wiOjDrGJiBM-00014-00007302-00007852 Of course, along the way you have to look at how other people have done things before
wiOjDrGJiBM-00015-00007856-00008150 And you then have to try to create new methods yourself
wiOjDrGJiBM-00016-00008150-00008528 And then make a mixture, so that ultimately you can answer your own question.
wiOjDrGJiBM-00017-00008528-00008788 And that's what I think is the most interesting thing about doing research.
wiOjDrGJiBM-00018-00008794-00009100 In a sense I also think that it's also just an ordinary job
wiOjDrGJiBM-00019-00009100-00009472 But I also think that in the world of research at the university, you have better opportunities
wiOjDrGJiBM-00020-00009472-00009998 for working more freely and with a bit more latitude
wiOjDrGJiBM-00021-00009998-00010388 And you can decide for yourself what you're most interested in
wiOjDrGJiBM-00022-00010390-00010700 And you have the opportunity to pursue your interests.
wiOjDrGJiBM-00023-00010704-00011176 I hope that my research can contribute to a greater understanding of the sodium-potassium pump
wiOjDrGJiBM-00024-00011178-00011918 And in the long term, to help patients with mutations of the sodium-potassium pump
wiOjDrGJiBM-00025-00011930-00012306 And develop new therapies for them.
wiOjDrGJiBM-00026-00012306-00012470 Naturally, that's my hope.
wib5vtgyprI-00000-00000784-00001064 I still remember exactly how it started
wib5vtgyprI-00001-00001080-00001436 Nirvana posters on my wall in the 90s
wib5vtgyprI-00002-00001532-00001854 Parties with the speakers from my room
wib5vtgyprI-00003-00001876-00002216 10 people in front of the stage, we were feeling like winners
wib5vtgyprI-00004-00002240-00002578 With my mother's vauxhall nova, full to the roof
wib5vtgyprI-00005-00002598-00002952 to the local youth club, playing part music - part noise
wib5vtgyprI-00006-00002968-00003334 This job is tough, but we'll take it
wib5vtgyprI-00007-00003350-00003811 And because of Corona, we're sitting at home without jobs
wib5vtgyprI-00008-00006926-00007276 We break ourselves for a concert or a stage
wib5vtgyprI-00009-00007284-00007628 Lay entire towns in ashes with sound pressure
wib5vtgyprI-00010-00007640-00008034 Do the hottest job there is with lights and sound
wib5vtgyprI-00011-00008036-00008406 You don't just do it for the money, but because you love it
wib5vtgyprI-00012-00008420-00008802 Taking the nightliner to the show, even if it’s far away
wib5vtgyprI-00013-00008822-00009152 That's how I learned “Crew Love Is True Love”
wib5vtgyprI-00014-00009166-00009564 It's a hard job, but we'll take it
wib5vtgyprI-00015-00009576-00011108 And because of Corona, we're sitting at home without jobs
wib5vtgyprI-00016-00014786-00015147 This is how we are roaming the country, no matter what job
wib5vtgyprI-00017-00015154-00015518 No matter if trussing, moving lights, small gig or tour
wib5vtgyprI-00018-00015536-00015897 You have to love this job, otherwise it's no use
wib5vtgyprI-00019-00015918-00016268 We are often away from home for weeks
wib5vtgyprI-00020-00016286-00016660 Riding the truck to the gig, even if it’s far away
wib5vtgyprI-00021-00016698-00017008 That's how I learned “Crew Love Is True Love”
wib5vtgyprI-00022-00017042-00017392 It's a hard life, but we take it
wjjhp28CTBy-00000-00000066-00000282 i was working at a financial firm in new
wjjhp28CTBy-00001-00000282-00000534 york city with a bunch of very smart people
wjjhp28CTBy-00002-00000630-00000864 and i had a brilliant boss i much admired
wjjhp28CTBy-00003-00000977-00001356 i went to my boss and told him i was going to start a
wjjhp28CTBy-00004-00001356-00001542 company selling books on the internet
wjjhp28CTBy-00005-00001728-00001932 he took me on a long walk in central park
wjjhp28CTBy-00006-00002094-00002418 listened carefully to me and finally said
wjjhp28CTBy-00007-00002502-00003084 that sounds like a really good idea but it would be an even better idea for
wjjhp28CTBy-00008-00003084-00003276 someone who didn't already have a good job
wjjhp28CTBy-00009-00003438-00003840 you can have a job or you can have a career or you can have
wjjhp28CTBy-00010-00003840-00004098 a calling and if you can somehow figure out how to
wjjhp28CTBy-00011-00004098-00004458 have a calling you have hit the jackpot because that's the big deal
wjjhp28CTBy-00012-00004806-00005340 i met jeff bezos 25 years ago and he told me dave i want you to invest
wjjhp28CTBy-00013-00005340-00005610 in my company what are you doing i'm gonna start a bookstore in my garage
wjjhp28CTBy-00014-00005610-00006126 okay i'm gonna put it online people buy buy online and i'm gonna ship out of my
wjjhp28CTBy-00015-00006126-00006714 garage but but if you invest in me dave someday i'm gonna be the richest man in
wjjhp28CTBy-00016-00006714-00006918 the world i'll do over 100 billion dollars
wjjhp28CTBy-00017-00007073-00007344 first of all there was no such thing as a hundred billion dollars
wjjhp28CTBy-00018-00007344-00007776 25 years ago statistically there's no such thing
wjjhp28CTBy-00019-00007776-00008214 countries didn't have a hundred our national debt wasn't a hundred billion
wjjhp28CTBy-00020-00008214-00008748 dollars and this dude's telling me at 26 years old that he's gonna be the richest
wjjhp28CTBy-00021-00008748-00009024 man in the world because he has a garage in the internet
wjjhp28CTBy-00022-00009240-00009570 that was his truth no but he did not
wjjhp28CTBy-00023-00009624-00010086 he did not know it and neither did i but the difference between him and i is i
wjjhp28CTBy-00024-00010086-00010488 was laughing scoffing and jesting at him and he was already applauding himself
wjjhp28CTBy-00025-00010488-00010884 going at the right way at the perfect time i'm gonna make as much as i can as
wjjhp28CTBy-00026-00010884-00011142 quickly and i'm sitting there going there's no way this is gonna be a big
wjjhp28CTBy-00027-00011142-00011454 business do something you're very
wjjhp28CTBy-00028-00011454-00011736 passionate about and
wjjhp28CTBy-00029-00011736-00011994 don't try to chase
wjjhp28CTBy-00030-00011994-00012342 what is kind of the hot passion of the day
wjjhp28CTBy-00031-00012342-00012810 seen in that light it really was a difficult choice
wjjhp28CTBy-00032-00012888-00013206 but ultimately i decided i had to give it a shot
wjjhp28CTBy-00033-00013308-00013644 i didn't think i'd regret trying and failing
wjjhp28CTBy-00034-00013740-00013997 and i suspected i would always be haunted
wjjhp28CTBy-00035-00014052-00014250 by a decision to not try at all
wjjhp28CTBy-00036-00014550-00015047 after much consideration i took the less safe path
wjjhp28CTBy-00037-00015047-00015419 to follow my passion and i'm proud of that
wjjhp28CTBy-00038-00015419-00015912 choice as a young boy i had been a garage inventor
wjjhp28CTBy-00039-00015912-00016356 i'd invented an automatic gate closer out of cement filled tires
wjjhp28CTBy-00040-00016356-00016836 a solar cooker that didn't work very well out of an umbrella and aluminum
wjjhp28CTBy-00041-00016836-00017286 foil baking pan alarms to entrap my siblings
wjjhp28CTBy-00042-00017358-00017814 i'd always wanted to be an inventor and she wanted me to follow my passion
wjjhp28CTBy-00043-00017940-00018234 it's a military phrase that i especially love
wjjhp28CTBy-00044-00018318-00018678 and it says slow is smooth and smooth is fast
wjjhp28CTBy-00045-00018678-00019146 and i have seen that in every endeavor i've ever been in
wjjhp28CTBy-00046-00019146-00019518 that's the kind of thing that really allows you to make progress you know you
wjjhp28CTBy-00047-00019518-00019824 get certain gifts in life and you want to take
wjjhp28CTBy-00048-00019824-00020124 advantage of those but you
wjjhp28CTBy-00049-00020124-00020640 i guess my advice on adversity and success
wjjhp28CTBy-00050-00020640-00020886 would be to
wjjhp28CTBy-00051-00020886-00021486 be proud not of your gifts but of your hard work and your choices
wjjhp28CTBy-00052-00021486-00021900 so you know you may be the kinds of gifts you get you know you might be
wjjhp28CTBy-00053-00021900-00022332 really good at math it might be really easy for you that's a kind of gift
wjjhp28CTBy-00054-00022332-00022746 but practicing that math and taking it to the next step
wjjhp28CTBy-00055-00022746-00023310 that could be very challenging and hard and take a lot of sweat
wjjhp28CTBy-00056-00023310-00023646 that's a choice you can't really be proud of your gifts
wjjhp28CTBy-00057-00023646-00024102 because they were given to you you can be grateful for them and
wjjhp28CTBy-00058-00024102-00024420 thankful for them um and but your choices
wjjhp28CTBy-00059-00024420-00024864 you choose to work hard um you choose to do hard things
wjjhp28CTBy-00060-00024864-00025194 those are choices that you can be proud of
wjjhp28CTBy-00061-00025416-00025745 you can choose we all get to choose our life stories and
wjjhp28CTBy-00062-00025745-00026172 it's the choices that define us not our gifts everybody in this room has many
wjjhp28CTBy-00063-00026172-00026544 gifts i have many gifts you can never be proud of your gifts
wjjhp28CTBy-00064-00026544-00026832 because they're gifts they were given to you you might be
wjjhp28CTBy-00065-00026832-00027342 you know tall and or you might be really good at math or you might be extremely
wjjhp28CTBy-00066-00027342-00027804 beautiful or handsome or you know they're or they're many gifts
wjjhp28CTBy-00067-00027804-00028289 and you can only be proud really of your choices because those are the things
wjjhp28CTBy-00068-00028289-00028764 that you are that you're that you are acting on and one of the most important
wjjhp28CTBy-00069-00028764-00029195 choices that each of us has and you know this just as well as i do
wjjhp28CTBy-00070-00029268-00029520 is you can choose
wjjhp28CTBy-00071-00029520-00029742 a life of
wjjhp28CTBy-00072-00029742-00030294 ease and comfort or you can choose a life of service and
wjjhp28CTBy-00073-00030294-00030564 adventure and when you're 80
wjjhp28CTBy-00074-00030564-00031074 which one of those things you think you're going to be more proud of you're
wjjhp28CTBy-00075-00031074-00031404 going to be more proud of having chosen a life of service and adventure
wjjhp28CTBy-00076-00031614-00032039 never been a better time to be alive i mean it's just an incredible the
wjjhp28CTBy-00077-00032039-00032112 amount of
wjjhp28CTBy-00078-00032250-00032664 inspiration that the world generates for me and i think for a lot of people
wjjhp28CTBy-00079-00032664-00033108 it's just it's insane the amount of change and invention and opportunity
wjjhp28CTBy-00080-00033456-00033936 your life the life you author from scratch on your
wjjhp28CTBy-00081-00033936-00034086 own begins
wjjhp28CTBy-00082-00034242-00034608 how will you use your gifts what choices will you make
wjjhp28CTBy-00083-00034698-00034992 will inertia be your guide
wjjhp28CTBy-00084-00035070-00035250 or will you follow your passions
wjjhp28CTBy-00085-00035454-00035808 will you follow dogma or will you be original
wjjhp28CTBy-00086-00036048-00036222 will you choose a life of ease
wjjhp28CTBy-00087-00036372-00036642 or a life of service and adventure
wjjhp28CTBy-00088-00036828-00037080 will you wilt under criticism
wjjhp28CTBy-00089-00037254-00037428 or will you follow your convictions
wjjhp28CTBy-00090-00037584-00038004 will you bluff it out when you're wrong or will you apologize
wjjhp28CTBy-00091-00038274-00038640 will you guard your heart against rejection
wjjhp28CTBy-00092-00038748-00039006 or will you act when you fall in love
wjjhp28CTBy-00093-00039186-00039636 will you play it safe or will you be a little bit swashbuckling
wjjhp28CTBy-00094-00039816-00040140 when it's tough will you give up
wjjhp28CTBy-00095-00040248-00040492 or will you be relentless [Music]
wjjhp28CTBy-00096-00040740-00041226 will you be a cynic or will you be a builder
wjjhp28CTBy-00097-00041598-00041806 will you be clever [Music]
wjjhp28CTBy-00098-00041916-00042084 at the expense of others
wjjhp28CTBy-00099-00042276-00042774 or will you be kind every time you figure out some way of
wjjhp28CTBy-00100-00042774-00043140 providing tools and services that empower other people to deploy their
wjjhp28CTBy-00101-00043140-00043452 creativity you're really onto something you know
wjjhp28CTBy-00102-00043452-00043824 you're very lucky if you have a career a lot of people end up with a job
wjjhp28CTBy-00103-00043962-00044430 if you don't love your work you're never going to be great at it jules verne
wjjhp28CTBy-00104-00044430-00045006 mark twain galileo newton all the curious from the ages
wjjhp28CTBy-00105-00045078-00045456 would have wanted to be alive most of all right now
wjjhp28CTBy-00106-00045606-00045954 as a civilization we will have so many gifts
wjjhp28CTBy-00107-00045954-00046464 just as you as individuals have so many individual gifts as you sit before me
wjjhp28CTBy-00108-00046464-00046872 [Music] how you use these gifts and will you
wjjhp28CTBy-00109-00046872-00047172 take pride in your gifts or pride in your choices
wjjhp28CTBy-00110-00047172-00047238 [Music] you
wmszRJ741jA-00000-00001395-00002427 I started fishing when I was a teenager. My uncle was the chairman at the time.
wmszRJ741jA-00001-00002427-00002940 He approached me and asked me if I would fish his boat and that's how I kind of got started.
wmszRJ741jA-00002-00002940-00003627 It was a trial by error. It took a while to get the hang of it but you know
wmszRJ741jA-00003-00003627-00004289 I always appreciated that opportunity and once I did start fishing I knew this was me.
wmszRJ741jA-00004-00004289-00004965 You know our ancestors fished here for thousands of years and so
wmszRJ741jA-00005-00004965-00005373 there's a lot to that for me personally to be out here knowing that
wmszRJ741jA-00006-00005373-00005889 my ancestors were here,  maybe even the exact same spot.
wmszRJ741jA-00007-00005889-00006394 There's no place I'd rather be than out here.  This is what I am.
wmszRJ741jA-00008-00007106-00007586 We've had a lot of problems up here. One of our tribal members was actually spat on
wmszRJ741jA-00009-00007586-00008147 by somebody that was angry that we were here fishing. That's typical for up here.
wmszRJ741jA-00010-00008500-00008921 I've been shot at before on the river and peppered with birdshot in the
wmszRJ741jA-00011-00008921-00009326 summer. We've had our equipment vandalized before and you know people
wmszRJ741jA-00012-00009326-00009905 throw rocks at us verbally and literally. The main thing is you know
wmszRJ741jA-00013-00009905-00010478 they want to know why we're using nets.  My response is we've been using
wmszRJ741jA-00014-00010478-00011066 nets for thousands of years. We want to use the most efficient manner to catch
wmszRJ741jA-00015-00011066-00011549 fish as quickly as possible and get in and out and minimize impacts for
wmszRJ741jA-00016-00011549-00012236 non-targeted species and so it benefits us and it benefits the resource
wmszRJ741jA-00017-00012236-00012749 A net is basically a weighted two lines  with web in between it with corks on top and
wmszRJ741jA-00018-00012749-00013166 the object is to put it in front of the salmon that are swimming upriver.
wmszRJ741jA-00019-00013166-00013751 We use various size nets to avoid the non-targeted species. They swim into it
wmszRJ741jA-00020-00013751-00014150 and they're caught and at the end of a drift we pull it in the boat and then
wmszRJ741jA-00021-00014150-00014540 our crew starts taking the fish out. We clean out the sticks we repair the net
wmszRJ741jA-00022-00014540-00015022 if need be. If we have salmon put them on ice, take care of them and then we just
wmszRJ741jA-00023-00015022-00015515 do it all over again. Everything is intentional. The objective
wmszRJ741jA-00024-00015515-00016120 is to manage the fisheries for equality between recreational and tribal.
wmszRJ741jA-00025-00016120-00016670 We closely monitor this fishery. We have our enforcement, our biology staff here.
wmszRJ741jA-00026-00016670-00017032 We have our attorneys. They're going through camp and asking every fisherman how many
wmszRJ741jA-00027-00017032-00017374 they have so far. So we check in you know several times a day to get a good
wmszRJ741jA-00028-00017375-00017456 estimate of where we're at.
wmszRJ741jA-00029-00017456-00017602 How many fish do you have?
wmszRJ741jA-00030-00017602-00017732 About 75, I think.
wmszRJ741jA-00031-00017732-00017878 75. Okay.
wmszRJ741jA-00032-00018000-00018698 We manage in season based on numbers and we adapt in the event that the fish do not show up.
wmszRJ741jA-00033-00018714-00019046 We reduce the fishery or eliminate the fishery.
wmszRJ741jA-00034-00019112-00019692 There's no other feeling for me  like being on that river and fishing.
wmszRJ741jA-00035-00019704-00020450 When people see us fishing that means there's sustainable harvestable fish available for us and sport fishermen too.
wmszRJ741jA-00036-00020486-00021090 That's a sign that the system is producing fish  and they're coming back.
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00000-00001028-00001700 hello and welcome, hey guys  Premic Gaming here welcoming another video and today
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00001-00001700-00002307 I'm bringing you guys it's been a while I'm bringing you guys survival mode I
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00002-00002307-00002976 think I believe season 3 we stopped halfway season 2 so we are finally back
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00003-00002976-00003438 it's been a long time since I've been playing some survival mode so guys in
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00004-00003438-00003954 today's video I'll be showing you guys three worlds random seeds I mean no
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00005-00003954-00004527 seeds and no seed inputted generate the world's like I'm doing now so create
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00006-00004527-00005073 worlds so this would be our first world will be on normal normal mode survivale
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00007-00005073-00005643 so no seed inputted as you guys can see there and then we've got them later on
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00008-00005643-00006126 into the episodes will be adding texture pack I'm gonna also add a small house
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00009-00006126-00006533 but I'll be later in their video so we're going to call this world the world
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00010-00006533-00007179 the one and then after that you guys get to decide which world's you want so guys
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00011-00007179-00007612 imma leave you guys here at until transition
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00012-00009226-00009438 okay big boy  was right now we are heading into
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00013-00009439-00010063 art first the world okay right now we have a spruce tree forest next to us and a
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00014-00010063-00010561 mountain so let's head up here big boys and see what we can see
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00015-00010561-00011194 go on get up and then we have cave down there we've got a spruce own got some
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00016-00011194-00011550 mountains here so that's not bad we'll hopefully fun to go there so I've got a
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00017-00011550-00011925 spruce tree forest he's got the mountains let's see let's
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00018-00011925-00012189 go to this mountain to see will be be will see
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00019-00012190-00014125 maybe there might be some flat lands or does it okay forced over [unaubile] for screwed it's a lava it's a llama
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00020-00014125-00014691 I need I need a mount you come on stand still stand still this way oh yes I'm
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00021-00014691-00014956 ready to video
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00022-00015006-00015256 my part all you must get it okay oh man I love this well I'm
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00023-00015484-00015847 gonna hide in them well anyway it's up to you guys whether you guys like this
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00024-00015847-00016258 llama or not anyway guys so the point of this video is basically I'm going to
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00025-00016258-00016729 show you two other worlds and out of three guys gonna pick one and that's
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00026-00016729-00017290 where we're gonna start our Survival Series so guys season 3 big boy season 3
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00027-00017290-00017974 man this takes me back  ing to play in a lot of survival mode but anyway let's
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00028-00017974-00018556 get up to that been on top of that mountain and we'll see what's the
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00029-00018556-00019234 landscape is like okay
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00030-00019234-00020018 okay someone could see guys um there's just a lot of mountain terrain and so
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00031-00020018-00020747 forth there's a lot of mountain / flat land over there and then behind us
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00032-00020747-00021275 yep I'm just giving a lot of mountain forestry stuff that there and so guys
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00033-00021275-00021710 I'm gonna head into the next world and I will see you guys in a bit
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00034-00021710-00022511 peace hello and welcome big boys we are back and right now I have spawned top of
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00035-00022511-00023111 a tree now, let me go on top of this tree  so we can see a little bit
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00036-00023111-00023624 better oh yes okay boys boys we've spawned near a
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00037-00023624-00024179 village let's go let's go and that's this is my new favorite seed
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00038-00024179-00024659 right now this is so awesome so we've got the maybe desert over there we've
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00039-00024659-00025298 got flat lands over there flat lands and slash forest over here so we're going to
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00040-00025298-00025810 go down right now see what we can see and maybe check out the village and
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00041-00025810-00026377 actually I want to check out the desert place to see if there's any cactus or
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00042-00026377-00026807 sugarcane over there because that would be really useful there's a cave to
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00043-00026807-00027227 our caveren system down there maybe I don't know let's check out this desert
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00044-00027227-00027463 place
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00045-00028102-00028689 okay this is good news there's like a lot of cactus it's not just a patch of sand and so there's
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00046-00028689-00029124 a lot of cactus I'm really hoping for some sugarcane honestly that'd be
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00047-00029124-00029762 pretty dope let's see let's check over there come on
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00048-00029762-00030214 sprint sprint sprint come on hurry up
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00049-00030431-00030945 Oh ok you got a nice body of water over here and yes okay you got sugarcane
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00050-00030945-00031380 that's pretty dope will gather that later if you guys choose this world
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00051-00031380-00031877 I mean honestly respawn right next to a village is pretty dope I don't know
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00052-00031877-00032436 whether it like but this will be later into the next episode but I don't know
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00053-00032436-00032823 whether if I want to just take one of the villagers houses like the tower
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00054-00032823-00033387 thingy or if I just want to build a normal house outside of it so
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00055-00033387-00033933 guys we're gonna go back I'm gonna head into I'm going to check out the village
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00056-00033933-00034353 later or maybe not I don't know so we got the forest right here in front of us
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00057-00034353-00035115 we've got flat lands over there and  I want actually let's check out this cave
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00058-00035115-00035876 this oh okay let's see let's check out this cave let's see okay it's got okay
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00059-00035876-00036516 this is this leads out to another place and then we'll go to deeper oh okay it's
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00060-00036516-00037080 got iron big boy let's go we can use some of that and see I don't know if
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00061-00037080-00037704 you guys can see this but okay this is somewhat of a dead end I believe yeah
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00062-00037704-00038112 there's some other doesn't so we're going to dip and we're going to get out
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00063-00038112-00038304 of here come on
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00064-00038852-00039501 okay and we are out okay so we've got the DES we've got the forest over there
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00065-00039501-00039992 got cavern system with iron in it which is gonna be pretty useful so god I'm
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00066-00039993-00040491 going to go into the third world and I will see you guys in there in a bit
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00067-00040491-00041379 peace okay big boys we're going into our third world and my my
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00068-00041379-00041874 this seems oddly familiar I don't know what but this seems awfully somebody I
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00069-00041874-00042465 don't know let's check it out um okay so we got a pine I don't know what that tree
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00070-00042465-00042873 is called we've got a forest behind us I'll probably remember once I started
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00071-00042873-00043446 digging it out but we've got a force behind us we've got a river in front of
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00072-00043446-00044166 us and then we've got flat lands all the way to do north and let's get on let's
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00073-00044166-00044721 get onto a tree so we can see better and then  come on come on you can get
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00074-00044721-00045451 on let me take this out real quick
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00075-00045590-00046122 okay and we are good right now from what I can see this is forest over here flat
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00076-00046122-00046434 lands over there more flat lands over here so let's drop
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00077-00046434-00046977 down lets go and cross the river so we can  the flatlands there might
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00078-00046977-00047367 be mountains which I'm pretty hoping for because this thing to not anything
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00079-00047367-00048090 special right now come on up and over and okay so you've got a forest there
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00080-00048090-00048855 which is I'm gonna got a cave right here so nothing special kind of ordinary
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00081-00048855-00049710 we gotta cow there so we got forest there flat lands that way and we've
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00082-00049710-00050229 gotta forest it over there so let's head into this Cavern system see this any
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00083-00050229-00051375 iron any iron nope no iron okay we got some coal which is good okay and I'm not
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00084-00051375-00051779 trying to go any deeper so we'll dip right out and we'll head back out and
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00085-00051779-00052257 let's keep exploring guys and I will see you guys in a bit
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00086-00052257-00052740 peace actually you know it I need to get this into a transition shop so I will
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00087-00052740-00053034 see you guys later peace
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00088-00054794-00055052 well guys that
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00089-00055052-00055576 is world three that is the last of our seeds big boys and now this time for you
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00090-00055576-00056232 guys to choose wether its world 1 which is the spruce tree forest and the
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00091-00056232-00056798 big-ass mountains or whether it's world  2 which is my personal favorite the
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00092-00056799-00057474 village spawned and desert slash flat lands and world 3 which is basically
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00093-00057474-00057926 the ordinary speed with a lot of places to build so guys please comment down
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00094-00057926-00058488 your decision in the comments down below anyway guys if you guys want to see more
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00095-00058488-00059054 maybe consider subscribing it is a big red button down below my link is down in
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00096-00059054-00059448 the description if you guys want to see more of these videos or more videos
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00097-00059448-00059948 anyway guys while you are down there in  the comment section please give this video a
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00098-00059948-00060576 big ass like and don't forget to yeah like smash that button its like it's really important
wmJ43xTUDQ4-00099-00060576-00061039 anyway guys this has been premicgaming peace
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00000-00001328-00001817 Sometimes I hear my inert heart beating And I can make out your Amazonian eyes
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00001-00001817-00002411 between the gloom and the blurred shadow of your memory, faded into my mind
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00002-00002411-00002903 And how to forget your cryptic gaze, That first dawn when its brightness
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00003-00002903-00003411 shined in my desolate cave setting And it was you who fed my soul
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00004-00003411-00003768 You were the dew that caught my violent flame
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00005-00003768-00004339 I loved you, I loved you without any parallel... Well you were my adoration, my goddess
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00006-00004339-00004726 Beyond Néfertiti and Artemis: You were from my argument, the premise;
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00007-00004726-00005090 and of my great prose the infinite lyric.
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00008-00005090-00005393 Flash me again with your astral essence
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00009-00005393-00005614 Like when you took care of my sleepy nights
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00010-00005614-00006000 And in my weak and deadly sun you were shining in a laughing dance
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00011-00006000-00006257 Millennial thunder Of affection and fire.
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00012-00006257-00006700 Of love without ego, which cried a sad ending
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00013-00006700-00007175 Sometimes I hear my inert heart beating and kiss what the wind took
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00014-00007175-00007812 Between dry flowers and dull lights from your memory, snatched away by luck.
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00015-00007813-00008357 I'm still waiting for the sunset, in case you show up In the dawn sun I implore your return
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00016-00008357-00008743 And the moons go by and the months go by I don't even sleep, no do I wake
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00017-00008743-00009143 I can't even tell when it's dawn I'm still waiting for the last kiss
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00018-00009143-00009772 which awaits to be released as a prisoner, even if I have to die a thousand times.
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00019-00009772-00010309 I still keep all your things in me Your infant illusion, your mischievous innocence
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00020-00010309-00010740 And the tender way you blush when I refer to your beauty
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00021-00010740-00011220 And the warmth of your arms, the reflection of my silhouette painted in your eyes
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00022-00011222-00011743 which became infinite in your eternal sky And your voice, fantastic chorus song
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00023-00011743-00012115 As well as the uniqueness of your jealousy Your little games, your achievements
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00024-00012116-00012364 Everything that was valuable to me
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00025-00012364-00012919 Oh Love! The force with which you held me The sweet way to wait and look for me
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00026-00012919-00013197 and your ideal of everything being a fairy tale
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00027-00013197-00013479 of being forever united in spirit and flesh
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00028-00013479-00013941 Could I have held on to my soul Something so sublime and something so great?
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00029-00013941-00014504 Like you? My lover and eternal guardian
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00030-00014504-00015034 But now you collapse between distant lights and my sad ships don't reach you,
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00031-00015036-00015562 Why did you migrate to such a distant place? You left your escape ticket with me.
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00032-00015562-00015868 And tell me what do I do with this ring of yours?
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00033-00015868-00016368 What do I do with my silence if there is still your whisper?
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00034-00016368-00016848 Sometimes I hear my inert heart beating and your sweet hidden perfume envelops me;
x0y-LZMB8yQ-00035-00016848-00017692 between the breeze and the fog of my loneliness, for your memory, which left after your death.
x0eq6kp85NU-00000-00000000-00000522 As much as I like the image of
x0eq6kp85NU-00001-00000522-00000674 the astronomical clock,
x0eq6kp85NU-00002-00000674-00000874 it’s not what most students would
x0eq6kp85NU-00003-00000874-00001025 recognize as a clock.
x0eq6kp85NU-00004-00001025-00001284 Going back to the photo site,
x0eq6kp85NU-00005-00001284-00001598 there’s a much more relatable image.
x0eq6kp85NU-00006-00001798-00002030 I’ll download and save that,
x0eq6kp85NU-00007-00002230-00002465 go back to Canvas,
x0eq6kp85NU-00008-00002665-00002932 delete this picture,
x0eq6kp85NU-00009-00003132-00003537 and, again, click the Embed Image icon.
x0eq6kp85NU-00010-00003536-00003908 The image source will be Canvas,
x0eq6kp85NU-00011-00003908-00004226 I’ll go to Course Files,
x0eq6kp85NU-00012-00004226-00004496 and upload
x0eq6kp85NU-00013-00004496-00004808 the alarm clock.
x0eq6kp85NU-00014-00005008-00005453 It’s a decorative image,
x0eq6kp85NU-00015-00005453-00005653 but look at those dimensions.
x0eq6kp85NU-00016-00005653-00005925 That is picutre is just enormous!
x0eq6kp85NU-00017-00005925-00006248 Let’s reduce the dimensions
x0eq6kp85NU-00018-00006248-00006573 so the width is 150 pixels
x0eq6kp85NU-00019-00006573-00006836 and Canvas automatically
x0eq6kp85NU-00020-00006836-00007036 calculates the height so that the
x0eq6kp85NU-00021-00007036-00007514 width and height of the image remain in proportion to one another
x0eq6kp85NU-00022-00007659-00007826 Update
x0eq6kp85NU-00023-00008026-00008302 and Save.
x0eq6kp85NU-00024-00008502-00008701 And there you have it.
x0eq6kp85NU-00025-00008848-00009028 Everything looks good,
x0eq6kp85NU-00026-00009028-00009489 but let’s take a look at what’s happening behind the scenes.
x0eq6kp85NU-00027-00009689-00009901 Let’s go to that image,
x0eq6kp85NU-00028-00009901-00010064 right click,
x0eq6kp85NU-00029-00010064-00010364 and view the image information.
x0eq6kp85NU-00030-00010564-00010889 Not only is it big in terms of dimensions,
x0eq6kp85NU-00031-00010889-00011366 it also takes a little over two megabytes.
x0eq6kp85NU-00032-00011513-00011740 Here’s what’s really happening:
x0eq6kp85NU-00033-00011825-00012072 when a student requests the page,
x0eq6kp85NU-00034-00012072-00012301 the server downloads the picture—
x0eq6kp85NU-00035-00012301-00012588 all 2.1 megabytes of it—
x0eq6kp85NU-00036-00012588-00012891 and the browser
x0eq6kp85NU-00037-00012891-00013121 does the work of reducing it
x0eq6kp85NU-00038-00013121-00013321 to the 150 by 150
x0eq6kp85NU-00039-00013321-00013521 image that we want to see.
x0eq6kp85NU-00040-00013521-00013791 This is not a good thing.
x0eq6kp85NU-00041-00013791-00014145 If the student is viewing the page on a mobile phone
x0eq6kp85NU-00042-00014144-00014290 with a slow connection,
x0eq6kp85NU-00043-00014290-00014490 that’s 2.1 megabytes
x0eq6kp85NU-00044-00014490-00014661 of data that we’ve chewed up
x0eq6kp85NU-00045-00014661-00015000 from their data plan on a decorative image.
x0eq6kp85NU-00046-00015000-00015401 There must be a better way.
x0eq6kp85NU-00047-00015401-00015601 Here’s what to do:
x0eq6kp85NU-00048-00015700-00016101 Take the large picture that you’ve downloaded to your system
x0eq6kp85NU-00049-00016101-00016496 and resize it to the dimensions that you want.
x0eq6kp85NU-00050-00016496-00016786 That will be a much smaller file,
x0eq6kp85NU-00051-00016786-00017188 and you upload that smaller file to the server.
x0eq6kp85NU-00052-00017330-00017596 Now, when the student requests the page,
x0eq6kp85NU-00053-00017596-00017852 the server downloads the small picture
x0eq6kp85NU-00054-00017852-00018052 that’s the exact size you want,
x0eq6kp85NU-00055-00018052-00018252 and it needs to transfer
x0eq6kp85NU-00056-00018252-00018492 only 76,000 bytes of data.
x0eq6kp85NU-00057-00018492-00018836 That’s 4% of the original file size.
x0eq6kp85NU-00058-00018936-00019186 The question that remains is:
x0eq6kp85NU-00059-00019186-00019386 how do you reduce the picture?
x0eq6kp85NU-00060-00019586-00019912 There are several graphics tools that will let you do this.
x0eq6kp85NU-00061-00020062-00020364 You can use programs like Adobe Photoshop,
x0eq6kp85NU-00062-00020364-00020564 Microsoft Paint,
x0eq6kp85NU-00063-00020642-00020940 or Preview for macOS.
x0eq6kp85NU-00064-00021040-00021300 If you’re a fan of open source tools,
x0eq6kp85NU-00065-00021300-00021656 you can use the GNU Image Manipulation Program
x0eq6kp85NU-00066-00021656-00021856 or Krita.
x0eq6kp85NU-00067-00022000-00022234 There are even web sites that let you reduce
x0eq6kp85NU-00068-00022234-00022533 your image sizes without ever leaving the browser.
x0eq6kp85NU-00069-00022569-00022842 In this video, I’m using Krita.
x0eq6kp85NU-00070-00023042-00023242 Open the file...
x0eq6kp85NU-00071-00023545-00023978 and Krita zooms out to make the whole picture fit in the window,
x0eq6kp85NU-00072-00024178-00024352 go to the Image menu,
x0eq6kp85NU-00073-00024352-00024694 scale the image to a new size,
x0eq6kp85NU-00074-00024694-00024949 we’re constraining proportions
x0eq6kp85NU-00075-00024949-00025149 so that the height and width will stay
x0eq6kp85NU-00076-00025149-00025349 in proportion to one another,
x0eq6kp85NU-00077-00025349-00025672 and the enter the new dimensions.
x0eq6kp85NU-00078-00025872-00026027 Click OK,
x0eq6kp85NU-00079-00026227-00026520 and there’s the result.
x0eq6kp85NU-00080-00026650-00026909 The reason the image looks so very small
x0eq6kp85NU-00081-00026908-00027137 is that you’re still viewing it
x0eq6kp85NU-00082-00027137-00027457 at 32% of its original size.
x0eq6kp85NU-00083-00027712-00027981 Let’s zoom in to 100%,
x0eq6kp85NU-00084-00028034-00028344 and there’s the image as the student will see it.
x0eq6kp85NU-00085-00028692-00028985 Save the image under a new name
x0eq6kp85NU-00086-00029185-00029760 by adding _small to the file name,
x0eq6kp85NU-00087-00030149-00030314 and save.
x0eq6kp85NU-00088-00030314-00030545 When you save an image
x0eq6kp85NU-00089-00030545-00030745 you can adjust the quality,
x0eq6kp85NU-00090-00030745-00031041 and we’ll leave it where it is at 80%.
x0eq6kp85NU-00091-00031356-00031589 Now I return to Canvas
x0eq6kp85NU-00092-00031789-00031958 and edit the page.
x0eq6kp85NU-00093-00032482-00032796 I’ll get rid of the large image from the page
x0eq6kp85NU-00094-00032980-00033153 embed an image,
x0eq6kp85NU-00095-00033256-00033425 on Canvas...
x0eq6kp85NU-00096-00033425-00033625 Course Files...
x0eq6kp85NU-00097-00033825-00033978 and Upload
x0eq6kp85NU-00098-00033978-00034234 the small alarm clock image,
x0eq6kp85NU-00099-00034434-00034704 which is decorative
x0eq6kp85NU-00100-00034704-00035000 and a much smaller size,
x0eq6kp85NU-00101-00035200-00035341 and save.
x0eq6kp85NU-00102-00035657-00035797 One more thing:
x0eq6kp85NU-00103-00035797-00036025 If you viewed a previous video,
x0eq6kp85NU-00104-00036025-00036209 you saw that I resized the
x0eq6kp85NU-00105-00036209-00036346 astronomical clock photo 
x0eq6kp85NU-00106-00036346-00036588 by dragging the handles on the picture.
x0eq6kp85NU-00107-00036588-00036962 Why didn’t I make a smaller version of that image?
x0eq6kp85NU-00108-00036962-00037313 Let’s take a look at the astronomical clock photo.
x0eq6kp85NU-00109-00037313-00037674 Right click for the image info,
x0eq6kp85NU-00110-00037989-00038414 and we’ll see that not only is it small in terms of dimensions,
x0eq6kp85NU-00111-00038414-00038950 it’s also small in terms of the amount of memory it takes up—
x0eq6kp85NU-00112-00039041-00039266 60,000 bytes.
x0eq6kp85NU-00113-00039342-00039608 I could have made a smaller version of the
x0eq6kp85NU-00114-00039608-00040025 astronomical clock, but I wouldn't have saved a lot of room.
x0eq6kp85NU-00115-00040025-00040225 To summarize:
x0eq6kp85NU-00116-00040225-00040442 When a picture is already small,
x0eq6kp85NU-00117-00040488-00040798 resize it using the handles in Canvas.
x0eq6kp85NU-00118-00040798-00041104 If it’s a really big picture,
x0eq6kp85NU-00119-00041104-00041289 make a smaller version
x0eq6kp85NU-00120-00041289-00041453 that is the size you want,
x0eq6kp85NU-00121-00041453-00041694 and upload that smaller image.
x0eq6kp85NU-00122-00041694-00041937 The page will load faster
x0eq6kp85NU-00123-00041937-00042182 because there’s a lot less data to transfer,
x0eq6kp85NU-00124-00042182-00042382 and it won’t be as expensive
x0eq6kp85NU-00125-00042382-00042553 for mobile phone users.
x0eq6kp85NU-00126-00042553-00043048 It’s a little bit more work for you, but your students will love you for it.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00000-00000181-00000192 Okay.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00001-00000192-00000561 See how you're always putting your heel down in the middle. That's the kiss of,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00002-00000570-00000595 death.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00003-00000595-00001090 That's nice and easy. Again,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00004-00001182-00001265 The Throwing Chain
x0J3lsjLu2E-00005-00001329-00001412 Reaction 
x0J3lsjLu2E-00006-00004235-00004242 System
x0J3lsjLu2E-00007-00004242-00004468 So I like that, you’re just too tall.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00008-00004471-00004684 He’s coming around pretty nice.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00009-00004696-00005140 There's a couple of little tweaky things, but there you go. Okay. Gee,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00010-00005140-00005557 why don't we start taking some throws. Feel that heel up. Position, sink.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00011-00005757-00006190 That was better. So yeah, there was a little more sink. So came around more,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00012-00006190-00006541 it's got to go a little bit more. I don't agree with that.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00013-00006541-00006976 So when you flex the toe,  all you can do is this.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00014-00007012-00007426 When I have you down here and I can move the heel up.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00015-00007434-00007879 See I'm going to be able to load the knee and rotate it. But you've start here,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00016-00007891-00008296 that's it. Okay, let's go around, sink it
x0J3lsjLu2E-00017-00008503-00008770 Is the right idea. Yeah. Okay.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00018-00009149-00009434 See how your band is stretching across your back so you don't have,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00019-00009434-00009863 your discus back and that's exactly how you're throwing. So that has to change.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00020-00009908-00010259 You have to wind up correctly, discus back, arm here.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00021-00010286-00010643 So the band is only across your right shoulder, right?
x0J3lsjLu2E-00022-00010643-00010970 And my chest is over my knee and my hips are in the right position.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00023-00010991-00011429 My chest will be over this knee. You have your chest always behind your knee.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00024-00011459-00011849 So then you go into the power position leading it and it's,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00025-00011987-00012401 that's killing you. That's a 20 foot consistent difference.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00026-00012599-00012682 Yeah.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00027-00012715-00013050 Long up, up, up. Look at That, that's a lot better. Okay.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00028-00013155-00013466 I need you to get this turning a little bit more. Remember,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00029-00013469-00013947 you're going here and this moves with it, so you're getting this knee around.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00030-00013947-00014343 See that extra little, get the knee to 5:30, your knees too much at six.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00031-00014841-00014925 Better. See the difference?
x0J3lsjLu2E-00032-00015046-00015277 If the knee pushing around you got to be patient,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00033-00015277-00015513 allow it to load that extra little bit.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00034-00015550-00015994 If the knee goes from here to here, you see that.  Now that's more sprint.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00035-00016520-00016680 Nope. What?
x0J3lsjLu2E-00036-00016982-00017087 I want you to settle,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00037-00017253-00017663 here and shoulders over the knees, shoulders over the knees,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00038-00017750-00018115 over the knees. That was better.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00039-00018175-00018643 See the difference? Again, this is where that wind up becomes so key,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00040-00018724-00018997 but the hips you have to get around,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00041-00019126-00019567 so I can feel that. So same thing ties here. Let's get you here.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00042-00019570-00019942 Let's stay up. Don't think so much here. Think here, right?
x0J3lsjLu2E-00043-00019990-00020338 Knees on top. Knees on top, center.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00044-00020707-00021190 See that, okay. You move with maximized arms. You're not learning how to throw properly, 
x0J3lsjLu2E-00045-00021190-00021508 if you shorten everything.  You'll never feel the throw correctly.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00046-00021556-00021781 It's going to feel weird. That's okay.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00047-00022078-00022324 Not bad. That was good. Yeah. Yeah.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00048-00022363-00022834 That was definitely better.  If I'm here, right? I want to see this.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00049-00022915-00023335 I want to see myself. I'm going to stay here. I'm going to stay cantered,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00050-00023338-00023368 right?
x0J3lsjLu2E-00051-00023368-00023827 So I feel this tension, left side wind and then I'm going to feel myself
x0J3lsjLu2E-00052-00023827-00024280 moving this way. Okay. And I'm going to feel myself get around and then drop.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00053-00024280-00024703 So I'm going to feel, right. Around,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00054-00025090-00025363 that was better. That was better.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00055-00025507-00025683 Stay taller, stay taller.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00056-00025702-00026127 Come around.  Around. Closer. See,
x0J3lsjLu2E-00057-00026128-00026380 What I’m talking about?  Watch, it's tall.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00058-00026932-00027088 See that now when I go more shot.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00059-00027620-00027703 Okay.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00060-00028068-00028414 Okay. Gee, let's see it. Lengthen your arms.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00061-00028735-00029020 Better. There you go. That was much better.
x0J3lsjLu2E-00062-00029020-00029323 See how you're heels not dropping because you're in much better alignment
x0J3lsjLu2E-00063-00029352-00029491 points. This is long. This is up.
x0PxHwhqEV0-00000-00000438-00001080 In cooperative learning, the teacher puts students in small groups to do an activity together.
x0PxHwhqEV0-00001-00001136-00001440 The students take the lead in doing the activity.
x0PxHwhqEV0-00002-00001440-00001748 The teacher only provides guidance as needed.
x0PxHwhqEV0-00003-00001916-00002510 The teacher does not put the same students together for each activity, but changes the groupings.
x0PxHwhqEV0-00004-00002510-00002882 That way, students can learn from a variety of partners.
x0PxHwhqEV0-00005-00002930-00003702 So, in cooperative learning, the teacher puts students in groups, lets them take the lead in doing the activity,
x0PxHwhqEV0-00006-00003702-00004029 and changes the groupings for different activities.
x0PxHwhqEV0-00007-00004130-00004850 This method helps students learn about sharing, getting along with others, and working together.
x3lTdxZjesy-00000-00000117-00000662 As you evaluate titles for weeding, it can be helpful to sort or filter your list by
x3lTdxZjesy-00001-00000662-00000752 different criteria.
x3lTdxZjesy-00002-00000752-00001415 You can sort by Call Number, by Title, or by any of the spreadsheet’s column headings.
x3lTdxZjesy-00003-00001415-00002115 To make it easy to sort, click on the Data tab, then on the Filter button.
x3lTdxZjesy-00004-00002166-00002707 Notice that now there are now small arrows in the corner of each box in the top row.
x3lTdxZjesy-00005-00002707-00003407 Now, to sort by a particular column, click on the arrow and select one of the options.
x3lTdxZjesy-00006-00003678-00004378 Selecting “Sort A to Z” will put your list in alphabetical or in numerical order
x3lTdxZjesy-00007-00004507-00004733 according to the data in that column.
x3lTdxZjesy-00008-00004733-00005433 You can also filter out so that only particular values are displayed. 
x3lTdxZjesy-00009-00005476-00006176 Or you can search for a particular option. For example, 1989.
x3lTdxZjesy-00010-00006606-00007306 To go back to viewing everything, click on the arrow, and select “Select All.”
x3lTdxZjesy-00011-00007378-00008057 To go back to viewing everything in call number order, click the arrow in Column C, and select
x3lTdxZjesy-00012-00008057-00008234 “Sort A to Z.”
x9c1PxUBryg-00000-00000052-00000152 Hi, everyone!
x9c1PxUBryg-00001-00000152-00000257 I'm Amanda Howell.
x9c1PxUBryg-00002-00000257-00000731 I'm the Business Librarian here at UW-Whitewater, and today I'm going to talk to you about citing
x9c1PxUBryg-00003-00000731-00000965 using APA style.
x9c1PxUBryg-00004-00000965-00001480 In this video we're going to talk about creating a reference list and building in-text citations.
x9c1PxUBryg-00005-00001480-00002054 There are other videos for creating citations for books, articles, and websites, the 3 sources
x9c1PxUBryg-00006-00002054-00002539 you're mostly likely to use during your time at UW-Whitewater.
x9c1PxUBryg-00007-00002539-00002895 It's important that you give credit to others for the work that they've done so that you
x9c1PxUBryg-00008-00002895-00003072 can avoid plagiarism.
x9c1PxUBryg-00009-00003072-00003524 Not doing so, intentionally or not, is misrepresenting your own work and
x9c1PxUBryg-00010-00003524-00004032 may result in serious academic and legal ramifications.
x9c1PxUBryg-00011-00004032-00004388 Once you have all of your citations you can create your Reference list, which will go
x9c1PxUBryg-00012-00004388-00004495 at the end of your paper.
x9c1PxUBryg-00013-00004495-00004919 You'll want to make sure that your references are in alphabetical order and that they each
x9c1PxUBryg-00014-00004919-00005372 have a hanging indent, so that the first line of each citation is longer than the subsequent
x9c1PxUBryg-00015-00005372-00005472 lines.
x9c1PxUBryg-00016-00005472-00005743 Your reference list should also be double spaced.
x9c1PxUBryg-00017-00005743-00006163 The top of your page should say References.
x9c1PxUBryg-00018-00006163-00006520 In addition to citing your sources at the end of your paper, you'll also need to cite
x9c1PxUBryg-00019-00006520-00006704 them throughout your paper.
x9c1PxUBryg-00020-00006704-00007139 In order to do this you need the author name, the date, and the page number for the source
x9c1PxUBryg-00021-00007139-00007264 you're citing.
x9c1PxUBryg-00022-00007264-00007596 Notice that before the page number I just have the letter p.
x9c1PxUBryg-00023-00007596-00008147 For the Direct Marketing Association I added DMA in brackets so that each subsequent time
x9c1PxUBryg-00024-00008147-00008657 I cite this source I can just use DMA in my in-text citation.
x9c1PxUBryg-00025-00008657-00009460 For documents without pages, you can indicate paragraph number by using p-a-r-a period.
x9c1PxUBryg-00026-00009460-00009849 This page contains some other useful sources you might want to check out if you get stuck
x9c1PxUBryg-00027-00009849-00010242 as you're creating your citations.
x9c1PxUBryg-00028-00010242-00010670 Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions about citing sources using APA
x9c1PxUBryg-00029-00010670-00010723 style.
xqV6hopZ49A-00005-00001000-00001200 Tomato - 1, garlic - 2, curry leaves - little, pepper &jeera powder - 3/4 tsp, chilli flakes -  little, Green chilli - 2 , salt, jaggery , coriander leaves - little,  Nartham Pazham / Citron fruit  - 1 , toor dal - 1 tbsp 
xqV6hopZ49A-00006-00001200-00001400 Tomato - 1, garlic - 2, curry leaves - little, pepper &jeera powder - 3/4 tsp, chilli flakes -  little, Green chilli - 2 , salt, jaggery , coriander leaves - little,  Nartham Pazham / Citron fruit  - 1 , toor dal - 1 tbsp 
xqV6hopZ49A-00007-00001400-00001600 Tomato - 1, garlic - 2, curry leaves - little, pepper &jeera powder - 3/4 tsp, chilli flakes -  little, Green chilli - 2 , salt, jaggery , coriander leaves - little,  Nartham Pazham / Citron fruit  - 1 , toor dal - 1 tbsp 
xqV6hopZ49A-00008-00001600-00001693 Tomato - 1, garlic - 2, curry leaves - little, pepper &jeera powder - 3/4 tsp, chilli flakes -  little, Green chilli - 2 , salt, jaggery , coriander leaves - little,  Nartham Pazham / Citron fruit  - 1 , toor dal - 1 tbsp 
xqV6hopZ49A-00009-00001693-00002124 Tomato - 1, garlic - 2, curry leaves - little, pepper &jeera powder - 3/4 tsp, chilli flakes -  little, Green chilli - 2 , salt, jaggery , coriander leaves - little,  Nartham Pazham / Citron fruit  - 1 , toor dal - 1 tbsp 
xqV6hopZ49A-00011-00019205-00019405 Ghee - 1/2 tsp, Mustard - 1/4, tsp, Asafoetida - little 
xqV6hopZ49A-00012-00019405-00019605 Ghee - 1/2 tsp, Mustard - 1/4, tsp, Asafoetida - little 
xqV6hopZ49A-00013-00019605-00019805 Ghee - 1/2 tsp, Mustard - 1/4, tsp, Asafoetida - little 
xqV6hopZ49A-00014-00019805-00020015 Ghee - 1/2 tsp, Mustard - 1/4, tsp, Asafoetida - little 
xqV6hopZ49A-00015-00020015-00020348 Ghee - 1/2 tsp, Mustard - 1/4, tsp, Asafoetida - little 
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xtJClYl3YsM-00000-00000000-00000552 hall of dragons could very well be one of the biggest mmo mobile releases in the last couple
xtJClYl3YsM-00001-00000552-00001224 of years and if it's successful breaking into the rts genre it could easily rival industry leader
xtJClYl3YsM-00002-00001224-00001728 rise of kingdoms so today i'm gonna give you guys my first impressions on call of dragons we're
xtJClYl3YsM-00003-00001728-00002216 gonna go over all of the pros and all of the cons we're gonna go over things that we know about the
xtJClYl3YsM-00004-00002216-00002664 game and then near the end of the video i'm gonna answer two of the biggest questions that people
xtJClYl3YsM-00005-00002664-00003264 have about call of dragons the first one being is it going to be pay to win and the second one being
xtJClYl3YsM-00006-00003264-00003904 can it actually kill rise of kingdoms first let's go over the pros let's go over the positive things
xtJClYl3YsM-00007-00003904-00004360 about call of dragons and the things that i think look really promising and really really good now
xtJClYl3YsM-00008-00004360-00004784 i will be comparing this to rise of kingdoms quite a bit because of course this is from
xtJClYl3YsM-00009-00004784-00005392 the same developers and it is sort of seen as a spiritual successor to rise of kingdoms or sort
xtJClYl3YsM-00010-00005392-00005832 of a rise of kingdoms 2 if you will if you guys are unfamiliar with my content and this is the
xtJClYl3YsM-00011-00005832-00006344 first video of mine that you're seeing i mainly cover rise of kingdoms so i'm extremely invested
xtJClYl3YsM-00012-00006344-00006831 in this genre and i've played many games that are trying to clone rise of kingdoms so i know
xtJClYl3YsM-00013-00006831-00007223 pretty much what to look for okay now the first thing i want to talk about that i think looks
xtJClYl3YsM-00014-00007223-00007759 really promising is the world of tamaris that is the world map that you're looking at here
xtJClYl3YsM-00015-00007759-00008472 and this map looks absolutely massive with a vast variety of different biomes different structures
xtJClYl3YsM-00016-00008472-00009016 different things that you can interact with and a world that truly feels like it is interconnected
xtJClYl3YsM-00017-00009016-00009600 in a meaningful way what do i mean by that in rise of kingdoms the world map is very generic
xtJClYl3YsM-00018-00009600-00010304 the map here in rise of kingdoms is pretty bland it sort of is all green there's trees everywhere
xtJClYl3YsM-00019-00010304-00011032 and the mountains only serve as a sort of natural barrier between different regions of the map it's
xtJClYl3YsM-00020-00011032-00011760 very boring there is some rivers here and sure the rivers sometimes provide a strategic advantage
xtJClYl3YsM-00021-00011760-00012384 in maybe kvk for example but overall the map just feels like a grassy square and that's pretty much
xtJClYl3YsM-00022-00012384-00012872 it i think it's pretty clear that the developers of call of dragons wanted something much more in
xtJClYl3YsM-00023-00012872-00013432 depth and i think that's very apparent when you take a look at the world map here for tamaris one
xtJClYl3YsM-00024-00013432-00013960 of the things about rise of kingdoms that people really loved is the sort of infinite zoom feature
xtJClYl3YsM-00025-00013960-00014463 that was relatively new to the genre when rise of kingdoms first introduced it and that is that
xtJClYl3YsM-00026-00014463-00015063 you can go from the open world and zoom all the way in to your city without any loading screens
xtJClYl3YsM-00027-00015063-00015544 there's no transitions there's nothing like that and that's very smooth in a similar way you can
xtJClYl3YsM-00028-00015544-00016256 sort of zoom into a barbarian keep or camp and you can send your troops here and and sort of do
xtJClYl3YsM-00029-00016256-00016816 some combat in this zone here and all of that happens sort of within the open world in call
xtJClYl3YsM-00030-00016816-00017440 of dragons it seems like they have taken that infinite zoom to a whole new level where not only
xtJClYl3YsM-00031-00017440-00018032 can you infinitely zoom from the world into your city but you can also infinitely zoom into sort of
xtJClYl3YsM-00032-00018032-00018656 little instances that we've seen in gameplay known as behemoths there may be other examples of this
xtJClYl3YsM-00033-00018656-00019256 as well but essentially you just send your troops to that location on the map and at a given time
xtJClYl3YsM-00034-00019256-00019784 you can actually enter into that sort of instanced scenario and i don't know how it works if other
xtJClYl3YsM-00035-00019784-00020168 people can interrupt that or send their troops in or whatever the case might be but the infinite
xtJClYl3YsM-00036-00020168-00020816 zoom is sort of taken to a next level it's like the world map 2.0 is what it looks like here and
xtJClYl3YsM-00037-00020816-00021376 of course the world map and just the world in general in call of dragons looks way better than
xtJClYl3YsM-00038-00021376-00021824 the world in rise of kingdoms there's different terrain and that's something that they emphasized
xtJClYl3YsM-00039-00021824-00022304 in their reveal is that there's going to be 3d terrain meaning you actually can have an advantage
xtJClYl3YsM-00040-00022304-00022760 if you're fighting from the high ground which i think is really really interesting so all in all
xtJClYl3YsM-00041-00022760-00023328 this world map is infinitely better than the world map of rise of kingdoms it's just it's got variety
xtJClYl3YsM-00042-00023328-00023896 it has meaning to it it has depth and 3d to it and there's just more features and more to do here
xtJClYl3YsM-00043-00023896-00024416 and i think that that is a huge improvement i mean there's even different uh wonders around the world
xtJClYl3YsM-00044-00024416-00025008 as we can see here there's the firefly tree stone of peace forerunners monument mountain uh mount
xtJClYl3YsM-00045-00025008-00025464 tempest we don't know exactly how these things are going to work perhaps they're going to provide
xtJClYl3YsM-00046-00025464-00026000 you a specific buff depending on what faction you pick and we're going to talk about factions later
xtJClYl3YsM-00047-00026000-00026608 or perhaps they will function like holy sites it's hard to say exactly but the fact that there
xtJClYl3YsM-00048-00026608-00027216 are actual different things in the world with different themes and different story behind them
xtJClYl3YsM-00049-00027216-00027983 makes the world feel like it's actually alive and not just a blank game map that you play on
xtJClYl3YsM-00050-00027983-00028456 basically the next thing i want to talk about are the new mechanics there's a lot of new mechanics
xtJClYl3YsM-00051-00028456-00029039 that this game is bringing to the mobile rts genre one of the more basic ones is just the
xtJClYl3YsM-00052-00029039-00029583 additional troop type so in rise of kingdoms you have cavalry infantry and archers in this game you
xtJClYl3YsM-00053-00029583-00030192 have four troop types infantry cavalry marksman and magic and of course it functions in the same
xtJClYl3YsM-00054-00030192-00030752 rock paper scissors way where infantry beats cavalry cavalry beats marksman marksman beat
xtJClYl3YsM-00055-00030752-00031288 magic and magic beat infantry but on top of that it looks like each of these different unit types
xtJClYl3YsM-00056-00031288-00032024 has a flying unit so depending on your faction or maybe some other prerequisites you may have a
xtJClYl3YsM-00057-00032024-00032680 flying cavalry type or some other player may have a flying magic type so that unit that
xtJClYl3YsM-00058-00032680-00033200 is flying actually changes depending on the player and i think that adds another layer
xtJClYl3YsM-00059-00033200-00033672 of really interesting gameplay another mechanic that we've seen already implemented into the game
xtJClYl3YsM-00060-00033672-00034200 is sort of a knock-up feature where if you're attacking somebody in the open field there is
xtJClYl3YsM-00061-00034200-00034824 depending on your skills or maybe your artifacts you can actually knock them up uh and during that
xtJClYl3YsM-00062-00034824-00035272 turn perhaps they are not dealing damage to you or they're not gaining rage or something along
xtJClYl3YsM-00063-00035272-00035784 those lines but that little mechanic that little feature and the fact that you can see it happen
xtJClYl3YsM-00064-00035784-00036336 in the open field is very exciting you know if we take a look at rise of kingdoms there are tons of
xtJClYl3YsM-00065-00036336-00036760 different mechanics but you don't really see them happening in the open field you just see
xtJClYl3YsM-00066-00036760-00037216 two armies clashing next to each other and then you can read the battle report and it will tell
xtJClYl3YsM-00067-00037216-00037640 you what happened but you don't really see that too much in the open field you may see you know
xtJClYl3YsM-00068-00037640-00038120 numbers change and things like that but the units themselves just stand there fighting each other
xtJClYl3YsM-00069-00038120-00038632 we also have the new behemoth system which is not something we really see in rise of kingdoms
xtJClYl3YsM-00070-00038632-00039112 um if we take a look here it looks like there are the there's the giant bear the dire bear the
xtJClYl3YsM-00071-00039112-00039568 thunder rock there's also the hydra over here and there are others that are already implemented into
xtJClYl3YsM-00072-00039568-00040120 the game that aren't here on this on the website but the behemoths sort of function like a holy
xtJClYl3YsM-00073-00040120-00040688 site in rise of kingdoms where if you are if you are able to control and tame that behemoth with
xtJClYl3YsM-00074-00040688-00041280 your alliance members then you gain the buffs of that control but you also can summon that behemoth
xtJClYl3YsM-00075-00041280-00041768 in the open world uh to help you sort of defend your territory right if you if your alliance
xtJClYl3YsM-00076-00041768-00042256 or your faction owns a certain territory you can summon that behemoth to a major battle and that
xtJClYl3YsM-00077-00042256-00042736 behemoth can deal damage to the enemy and i think that that is a really cool mechanic very exciting
xtJClYl3YsM-00078-00042736-00043320 of course it adds more lore to the world and makes things feel more alive right it feels like what
xtJClYl3YsM-00079-00043320-00043736 you're doing in the world is actually connected to what is here and i think that that's really cool
xtJClYl3YsM-00080-00043736-00044304 on top of flying units like the celestials there are also ranged units where they can actually deal
xtJClYl3YsM-00081-00044304-00044896 damage without being right next to that target so in in that way we have true archers right in rise
xtJClYl3YsM-00082-00044896-00045336 of kingdoms archers deal damage in the same way that cavalry and infantry deal damage and that is
xtJClYl3YsM-00083-00045336-00045744 by connecting on the battlefield in this game it looks like you can actually deal damage at
xtJClYl3YsM-00084-00045744-00046288 range and of course rise of kingdoms has sort of implemented that into um specific kvk game modes
xtJClYl3YsM-00085-00046288-00046800 but in this game certain units will always deal damage at range and i think that that is a nice
xtJClYl3YsM-00086-00046800-00047256 little mechanic depending on how it functions and how they can actually balance that damage compared
xtJClYl3YsM-00087-00047256-00047696 to other units there's a lot of ways that they can balance the ranged units so hopefully they're
xtJClYl3YsM-00088-00047696-00048224 not too overpowered or underpowered i think this is gonna be tricky to balance but if they can do
xtJClYl3YsM-00089-00048224-00048688 it right then this is gonna be a really nice new mechanic now we also have a road system
xtJClYl3YsM-00090-00048688-00049192 and a barricade system how out here in the world and i think that that's interesting it seems like
xtJClYl3YsM-00091-00049192-00049664 if you're marching on roads that you guys own then you get an increase in march speed i could
xtJClYl3YsM-00092-00049664-00050216 be wrong about that barricades obviously um seek to hinder players from progressing or taking over
xtJClYl3YsM-00093-00050216-00050888 territory so these features all add more depth and more meaning to what actually happens in the world
xtJClYl3YsM-00094-00050888-00051304 this could actually build an even more close-knit community than we have in rise of kingdoms and and
xtJClYl3YsM-00095-00051304-00051767 that's really one of the best things about rise of kingdoms is the actual players in the community
xtJClYl3YsM-00096-00051767-00052264 that are here so a lot of these new features are really exciting i can't wait to see how their app
xtJClYl3YsM-00097-00052264-00052728 actually implemented now the last thing i want to talk about as far as things that i'm excited for
xtJClYl3YsM-00098-00052728-00053416 are the graphics and also the fantasy style of the game the graphics here are just better they
xtJClYl3YsM-00099-00053416-00054008 are way better than rise of kingdoms um obviously you know you have the same similar sort of art
xtJClYl3YsM-00100-00054008-00054584 and design but it's a different fantasy theme so here we have the more traditional uh humans
xtJClYl3YsM-00101-00054584-00055136 elves and orcs and this is very very successful in things like lord of the rings world of warcraft
xtJClYl3YsM-00102-00055136-00055776 this is very generic fantasy and i think that uh the the fantasy angle they're taking here is it's
xtJClYl3YsM-00103-00055776-00056279 been proven effective so i'm happy to see that they are not reinventing the wheel there they're
xtJClYl3YsM-00104-00056279-00056744 just using something they know works the fact that you can actually see your individual units in the
xtJClYl3YsM-00105-00056744-00057336 open field is amazing you can zoom right in on the action and be up close and personal rather
xtJClYl3YsM-00106-00057336-00057832 than just sort of an eagle eye you're far away and if you're zoomed too close in you're actually at
xtJClYl3YsM-00107-00057832-00058224 a disadvantage in rise of games because you can't see what's happening around you um in this game it
xtJClYl3YsM-00108-00058224-00058576 looks like you know you're going to have a you're going to be a little bit more intimate with what's
xtJClYl3YsM-00109-00058576-00059079 happening on the battlefield and you'll have more precise control so i think again the game just
xtJClYl3YsM-00110-00059079-00059528 looks beautiful and the fantasy style is incredible and i'm excited that we're getting
xtJClYl3YsM-00111-00059528-00059864 a little bit of a change from what we're used to with rise of kingdoms all right now let's
xtJClYl3YsM-00112-00059864-00060408 move on to things that i think are concerning for me and things that you know if these aren't done
xtJClYl3YsM-00113-00060408-00060879 well they could be really bad for the game now the first thing that i want to discuss and talk about
xtJClYl3YsM-00114-00060879-00061440 is sort of a superficial thing right this is it's very superficial but if the game
xtJClYl3YsM-00115-00061440-00061840 developers are watching this this is going to be extremely important for them to understand
xtJClYl3YsM-00116-00061904-00062488 and that is that a lot of these characters are really ugly they're really ugly they're hard to
xtJClYl3YsM-00117-00062488-00063048 look at hella like this is a disgusting character i have no interest in unlocking this character
xtJClYl3YsM-00118-00063048-00063584 atheist massive chin ugly hairstyle i have no interest in playing as this character
xtJClYl3YsM-00119-00063584-00064160 elena no interest in playing as this lilia looks atrocious uh this is again this may
xtJClYl3YsM-00120-00064160-00064624 sound like i'm nitpicking but you have to look at this from hosk actually looks really cool i'll
xtJClYl3YsM-00121-00064624-00065000 give you that uh but you have to look at this from a marketing perspective right if you're
xtJClYl3YsM-00122-00065000-00065504 marketing a game and the characters are ugly if they are undesirable if these are characters that
xtJClYl3YsM-00123-00065504-00066120 i don't like and i don't want to play as then i'm i'm much less likely to download the game right
xtJClYl3YsM-00124-00066120-00066608 if you show me an advertisement with a character like this or a character like this he's
xtJClYl3YsM-00125-00066608-00067080 a little bit cool um or a character like this or like this these are not characters that i care
xtJClYl3YsM-00126-00067080-00067680 about at all alwyn is just he looks sick he looks like is sickly like actually ill juan win is okay
xtJClYl3YsM-00127-00067680-00068128 very generic mage but a lot of these heroes a lot of these characters you can let me know
xtJClYl3YsM-00128-00068128-00068584 in the comments section below if you agree or disagree but for me you know the graphics and
xtJClYl3YsM-00129-00068584-00069128 fantasy are beautiful and then you use it on just really ugly characters and and honestly i would
xtJClYl3YsM-00130-00069128-00069576 i really hope that they go back and they and they reevaluate what some of these characters look
xtJClYl3YsM-00131-00069576-00069968 like because from a marketing perspective i would not come anywhere close to a game
xtJClYl3YsM-00132-00069968-00070472 that is marketing characters like this they're just they're so unattractive i i don't like
xtJClYl3YsM-00133-00070472-00071088 craig is probably the only cool looking character out of any of them garwood is okay but this is
xtJClYl3YsM-00134-00071088-00071704 obviously just groot copy and paste hosk is pretty cool i think he's he's very solid other than that
xtJClYl3YsM-00135-00071704-00072376 i i just i mean waldir is a generic human male right like that's that's a nord from skyrim so
xtJClYl3YsM-00136-00072376-00072800 i mean again like this this is sort of uh this is something that they can change this is something
xtJClYl3YsM-00137-00072800-00073328 that they can tweak and of course this is my own personal opinion but as somebody who you know my
xtJClYl3YsM-00138-00073328-00073808 job here on youtube is to make videos that people click and watch right and when i'm designing
xtJClYl3YsM-00139-00073808-00074416 thumbnails for rise of kingdoms or tower fantasy or really any game that i play i intentionally
xtJClYl3YsM-00140-00074416-00074848 look for characters that i think have mass appeal my job is to figure out what characters and rise
xtJClYl3YsM-00141-00074848-00075208 of kingdoms do people click more on if they're in thumbnails and this maybe is something that
xtJClYl3YsM-00142-00075208-00075664 you guys don't realize that i do right but i know some characters uh perform better in thumbnails
xtJClYl3YsM-00143-00075664-00076184 than others just based on what i've seen and a lot of these characters if i'm making a thumbnail for
xtJClYl3YsM-00144-00076184-00076544 this game i don't know which of these characters i'm gonna use for a thumbnail because they're
xtJClYl3YsM-00145-00076544-00077176 all extremely ugly unattractive and i really hope that the developers like this guy what is
xtJClYl3YsM-00146-00077176-00077680 that man what is that you know if you're gonna make if you're gonna make works uh like world of
xtJClYl3YsM-00147-00077680-00078288 warcraft or like uh lord of the rings like this looks like this is like a baby childish version
xtJClYl3YsM-00148-00078288-00078816 of orcs this is like an orc for a five-year-old right this is not an orc that i think looks cool
xtJClYl3YsM-00149-00078816-00079432 it's not a ferocious warrior uh even bakar he's got like these massive like this bottom lip is
xtJClYl3YsM-00150-00079432-00080080 huge i he's just fat he's just fat that's really all it is right um cool axe decent armor but in
xtJClYl3YsM-00151-00080080-00080568 general the characters are ugly i actually think that that's gonna be a bigger problem than people
xtJClYl3YsM-00152-00080568-00081136 realize it's funny to talk about now right but uh again are you likely to play a game where this is
xtJClYl3YsM-00153-00081136-00081888 your mascot right like no what about her no just no next let's talk about factions and factions
xtJClYl3YsM-00154-00081888-00082424 really worry me because i don't think there's a good example of a game that does factions really
xtJClYl3YsM-00155-00082424-00082888 really well if i'm wrong you can comment in the comment section below um now let me just say that
xtJClYl3YsM-00156-00082888-00083456 the idea of factions i love right the fact that we have the wilderburg right like the fact that these
xtJClYl3YsM-00157-00083456-00084072 are like orcs versus the elves versus the humans love it i think the the art style here and the
xtJClYl3YsM-00158-00084072-00084640 fantasy beautiful right this just looks incredible i love the idea of these factions however i
xtJClYl3YsM-00159-00084640-00085080 will say if you've ever played infinity kingdom before if you've played world of warcraft before
xtJClYl3YsM-00160-00085080-00085648 typically having factions divide the players leads to server imbalance like historically speaking
xtJClYl3YsM-00161-00085648-00086136 that's almost always what happens inevitably and that is for a couple of reasons if we take a
xtJClYl3YsM-00162-00086136-00086728 look at infinity kingdom for example if there are whales in a particular faction they could attract
xtJClYl3YsM-00163-00086728-00087104 other whales to that faction because usually if you're in alliance with other whales you gain
xtJClYl3YsM-00164-00087104-00087544 benefits from them making purchases so a lot of the whales will come together in a single faction
xtJClYl3YsM-00165-00087544-00088008 and then that faction can dominate the server and then either the other factions die off and people
xtJClYl3YsM-00166-00088008-00088416 quit or they join the other faction and that's that you look at something like world of warcraft
xtJClYl3YsM-00167-00088416-00088880 for example if you have open world pvp typically whatever faction starts to get an advantage
xtJClYl3YsM-00168-00088880-00089320 is the faction that will inevitably dominate the server and that's when you end up seeing servers
xtJClYl3YsM-00169-00089320-00090056 that have 70 horde or 85 percent alliance 90 horde because players you know once they realize they're
xtJClYl3YsM-00170-00090056-00090464 on the losing side they don't want to play in that server anymore or they just don't want to
xtJClYl3YsM-00171-00090464-00091096 play that game anymore and it's very easy to break the balance of factions it's extremely easy right
xtJClYl3YsM-00172-00091096-00091552 let's take a look at an example let's say this world map has you know for the server we'll say 40
xtJClYl3YsM-00173-00091552-00092056 of players are in wilderburg 30 are in wardens and 30 are in league of order right that would
xtJClYl3YsM-00174-00092056-00092568 sound like a relatively balanced server right 40 30 30 it's they're pretty close but in reality
xtJClYl3YsM-00175-00092568-00093304 what that means is wilderburg has 33 percent more players than spring warden or 33 more players than
xtJClYl3YsM-00176-00093304-00093872 league of order that's a huge number if you bring 33 percent more players to a fight you are going
xtJClYl3YsM-00177-00093872-00094392 to win that fight every single time so so even in an example where it seems like the server is
xtJClYl3YsM-00178-00094392-00094872 relatively balanced wilderburg is clearly dominant here and the only way that that would change
xtJClYl3YsM-00179-00094872-00095304 is if either spring wardens and league of order group up together and then they have
xtJClYl3YsM-00180-00095304-00095960 a 60 40 advantage or they don't and they lose right and if these two are forced to be allies
xtJClYl3YsM-00181-00095960-00096360 who's going to be the leader of the two how do you determine the leader right and if that's the
xtJClYl3YsM-00182-00096360-00096960 case well all it would take is for wilderburg to ally with one of the other factions and then they
xtJClYl3YsM-00183-00096960-00097392 they immediately have 70 percent of the player base on their side and then they the third faction
xtJClYl3YsM-00184-00097392-00098000 just dies so it's extremely easy for faction balance to be manipulated and for it to crumble
xtJClYl3YsM-00185-00098000-00098512 very fast and so that's not even taking into account the fact that these factions probably give
xtJClYl3YsM-00186-00098512-00099040 you a special bonus to either a unit or a troop type or damage or defense or attack whatever and
xtJClYl3YsM-00187-00099040-00099552 typically what happens is after a few months people will figure out what is sort of the meta
xtJClYl3YsM-00188-00099552-00099992 and then the whales will just move over to whatever faction favors the meta and then
xtJClYl3YsM-00189-00099992-00100432 that's it that's pretty much every new server from there on out is always going to be that meta right
xtJClYl3YsM-00190-00100432-00100832 and of course there's some exceptions to this but i'm just telling you guys from experience with
xtJClYl3YsM-00191-00100832-00101376 infinity kingdom with world of warcraft there are many instances where faction systems just crumble
xtJClYl3YsM-00192-00101376-00101840 so i hope they have a way to balance the factions in the game where you either can't
xtJClYl3YsM-00193-00101840-00102496 change factions once you pick or you can change factions but it's like a 100-day cooldown or
xtJClYl3YsM-00194-00102496-00102872 i don't know there's got to be a way where they can balance it out so that way there's actually
xtJClYl3YsM-00195-00102872-00103352 a benefit for a server to have an even balance between the three factions because otherwise it's
xtJClYl3YsM-00196-00103352-00103848 just uh it's just an added complication to to the game that you know people are gonna want to play
xtJClYl3YsM-00197-00103848-00104240 as one or the other and then realize that okay well if i really want to be meta i have to play as
xtJClYl3YsM-00198-00104240-00104744 springboards right and that just doesn't feel good now let's zoom out to the mobile gaming sphere in
xtJClYl3YsM-00199-00104744-00105256 general and let's talk about some of the cons for call of dragons in general and that is that this
xtJClYl3YsM-00200-00105256-00105744 game is obviously going to be competing directly with rise of kingdoms and also the other games
xtJClYl3YsM-00201-00105744-00106240 that are competing in the mobile rts genre so this game will be competing with Lords mobile infinity
xtJClYl3YsM-00202-00106240-00106752 kingdom land of empires there's also the pirates of the Caribbean mobile game there's the lord of
xtJClYl3YsM-00203-00106752-00107224 the rings mobile game and all the other ones are basically irrelevant but if it's going to compete
xtJClYl3YsM-00204-00107224-00107664 with the top of the top which i honestly do think is rise of kingdoms i really do think
xtJClYl3YsM-00205-00107664-00108072 i know i'm biased but i do think that rise of kingdoms has the most amount of features and
xtJClYl3YsM-00206-00108072-00108480 is the best balance between pay to win and free to play and we're gonna talk about that later because
xtJClYl3YsM-00207-00108480-00108935 i'm not saying rise of kingdoms is free to play friendly everyone knows it's not but if this game
xtJClYl3YsM-00208-00108935-00109448 is actually gonna compete in that market either one of two things is gonna happen it's gonna be
xtJClYl3YsM-00209-00109448-00109920 good enough to where players leave rise of kingdoms and play this game instead in which case
xtJClYl3YsM-00210-00109920-00110511 rise of kingdoms will slowly decline and it will slowly just die which honestly i don't really want
xtJClYl3YsM-00211-00110511-00111120 to see that happen i like rise of kingdoms or the alternative is that this game enters into a market
xtJClYl3YsM-00212-00111120-00111704 with stiff competition and it can't compete and this game is dead on arrival which also kind of
xtJClYl3YsM-00213-00111704-00112224 sucks right and i've and running this youtube channel i've seen many games try to clone rise of
xtJClYl3YsM-00214-00112224-00112704 kingdoms and fell over the last couple of years it happens a ton of times and the games just aren't
xtJClYl3YsM-00215-00112704-00113104 good enough to compete with rise of kingdoms so i guess there's a chance you could fall somewhere
xtJClYl3YsM-00216-00113104-00113696 in the middle and like just out-compete the other irrelevant games but that just doesn't seem likely
xtJClYl3YsM-00217-00113696-00114168 right i think this game is either gonna go all in and try to steal as many rock players as it can
xtJClYl3YsM-00218-00114168-00114656 or it's just gonna fail so that brings us to one of the key questions of this video will call of
xtJClYl3YsM-00219-00114656-00115264 dragons beat or kill rise of kingdoms or will it be the such a good spiritual successor that it
xtJClYl3YsM-00220-00115264-00115696 is effectively rise of kingdoms ii and there's no reason to play rise of kingdoms anymore well
xtJClYl3YsM-00221-00115696-00116328 the truth is that it is going to be really hard for this game to kill rise of kingdoms
xtJClYl3YsM-00222-00116328-00116856 even if it has a bunch of new features even if it it has a bunch of new things that it brings to
xtJClYl3YsM-00223-00116856-00117552 the table this game has to be so much better than rise of kingdoms that is that it is undeniably the
xtJClYl3YsM-00224-00117552-00118224 future of mobile mmo rts games that's what that is what it takes to dethrone rise of kingdoms right
xtJClYl3YsM-00225-00118224-00118720 if you take a look at let's say game of war fire age or lords mobile right and i know lord's mobile
xtJClYl3YsM-00226-00118720-00119304 is still very popular but rise of kingdoms at this point i think is seen as the premier mmorts
xtJClYl3YsM-00227-00119304-00119680 experience and the reason that people play some of the older ones is just because they're still
xtJClYl3YsM-00228-00119680-00120159 invested or they like the community or whatever the case might be but from a feature perspective
xtJClYl3YsM-00229-00120159-00120656 i think rise of kings really hit the uh hit the head of the nail right there's a now there's a
xtJClYl3YsM-00230-00120656-00121144 mobile client for rise of kingdoms which is very buttery smooth it's very good so the only reason
xtJClYl3YsM-00231-00121144-00121672 that people are going to quit rise of kingdoms is if there's something significantly better right
xtJClYl3YsM-00232-00121672-00122192 it can't just be slightly better this game can't just be rise of kingdoms reskinned right
xtJClYl3YsM-00233-00122192-00122728 this can't be rise of kingdoms with four unit types instead of three this has to be extremely
xtJClYl3YsM-00234-00122728-00123200 good right because think about how many years of time people have invested in rise of kingdoms
xtJClYl3YsM-00235-00123200-00123696 and how much money they have invested in rise of kingdoms it's actually insane right there
xtJClYl3YsM-00236-00123696-00124159 there's people with accounts that are worth six figures seven figures in rise of kingdoms who
xtJClYl3YsM-00237-00124159-00124544 have been playing for three plus years do you think those players are going to quit rise of
xtJClYl3YsM-00238-00124544-00125104 kingdoms for a game that's just slightly better or a game that just re-skinned rise of kingdoms
xtJClYl3YsM-00239-00125104-00125680 absolutely not this game has to bring so much more to the table that it's undeniably like this game
xtJClYl3YsM-00240-00125680-00126048 will kill rise of kingdoms it's only a matter of time that's what it will take for this game
xtJClYl3YsM-00241-00126048-00126735 to succeed and do i see that here i don't know i i really don't know i it's really hard to say and of
xtJClYl3YsM-00242-00126735-00127159 course the game is in early access the game only has like one server at the time of recording this
xtJClYl3YsM-00243-00127159-00127535 and we don't know how long it's going to be until the game is officially out and what features it's
xtJClYl3YsM-00244-00127535-00128064 going to have when it does release but what i can say is that if this game is just a re-skin of rise
xtJClYl3YsM-00245-00128064-00128616 of kingdoms with ranged combat and one extra unit type it's dead on arrival it's not going to skill
xtJClYl3YsM-00246-00128616-00129040 it's not going to steal the player base it's not enough right it's just not enough there really has
xtJClYl3YsM-00247-00129040-00129544 to be a lot here it has to be way more meaty it has to have a lot more that people can get their
xtJClYl3YsM-00248-00129544-00130144 hands on while also simultaneously being simple enough for the casual player to understand the
xtJClYl3YsM-00249-00130144-00130616 game right if this game adds too many mechanics and it adds too many features and becomes too
xtJClYl3YsM-00250-00130616-00130968 complicated well then your casual players are not going to play it they're just going to stick to
xtJClYl3YsM-00251-00130968-00131480 rise of kingdoms because it's easier to understand right all they have to do is slap Cleopatra on an
xtJClYl3YsM-00252-00131480-00131872 advertisement and boom you know who Cleopatra is even if you've never seen rise of kingdoms before
xtJClYl3YsM-00253-00131872-00132312 in your life right that is that's the appeal of rise of kingdoms it's very casual friendly so
xtJClYl3YsM-00254-00132312-00132904 if this game uh offers too much too many features and is a world that people don't understand then
xtJClYl3YsM-00255-00132992-00133496 it's that's it it's too complicated so there's a fine line here where the game has to be
xtJClYl3YsM-00256-00133496-00133904 significantly better while being appealing to casuals and that's gonna be really i'm just
xtJClYl3YsM-00257-00133904-00134504 saying it now it's gonna be really hard for rise of kingdoms to fall to this game call of dragons
xtJClYl3YsM-00258-00134504-00135072 has huge huge shoes to fill basically if it's going to overtake rise of kingdoms and i don't
xtJClYl3YsM-00259-00135072-00135704 know if it has those capabilities from what we've seen already and of course that can change i
xtJClYl3YsM-00260-00135704-00136040 haven't even really gotten my hands on the game in a significant manner and there's still a ton
xtJClYl3YsM-00261-00136040-00136528 that's going to be coming down the pipeline or call of dragons now the last thing that i want to
xtJClYl3YsM-00262-00136528-00137288 talk about is will call of dragons be pay to win yes just look don't let's just let's not pretend
xtJClYl3YsM-00263-00137288-00137800 okay let's just be honest here i know it you know it everyone knows it and this is not something
xtJClYl3YsM-00264-00137800-00138344 that i'm saying is a problem with call of dragons it's a problem with the mobile gaming genre in
xtJClYl3YsM-00265-00138344-00138912 general at large most mobile games are pay to win it just is what it is can you get a can you get
xtJClYl3YsM-00266-00138912-00139376 an advantage by spending money yes or no yes you can great it's pay to win that's it i'm not saying
xtJClYl3YsM-00267-00139376-00139760 that's a good or a bad thing i'm just saying there will be elements of this game that are pay to win
xtJClYl3YsM-00268-00139760-00140256 if there's a vip system it's pay to win if you can pay money for gems that you can use to speed
xtJClYl3YsM-00269-00140256-00140816 up buildings it's pay to win the real question is will it be more or less pay to win than games
xtJClYl3YsM-00270-00140816-00141288 you're familiar with right will this game be more free to play friendly than rise of kingdoms
xtJClYl3YsM-00271-00141288-00141824 that i don't know but that is really that gets down into the fine details that is more nuanced
xtJClYl3YsM-00272-00141824-00142320 and maybe it will be right maybe this game will be a little bit more free to play friendly than rise
xtJClYl3YsM-00273-00142320-00143032 of kingdoms but do i think that matters not really either way though i'm extremely excited for call
xtJClYl3YsM-00274-00143032-00143520 of dragons and i definitely will be covering the game more here on this youtube channel hopefully
xtJClYl3YsM-00275-00143520-00143992 i'll gain early access to the game in some form or fashion and if the developers want to reach out i
xtJClYl3YsM-00276-00143992-00144432 would love to talk to them about this game all of the criticisms i have in this video hopefully they
xtJClYl3YsM-00277-00144432-00144992 understand are constructive criticisms i'm not trying to badmouth the game i'm just from a player
xtJClYl3YsM-00278-00144992-00145384 who you know i've spent thousands of dollars in mobile games and i make i've made content
xtJClYl3YsM-00279-00145384-00145952 for years about them okay i know these games very well and i i can see problems from a mile away i
xtJClYl3YsM-00280-00145952-00146448 do that with Rise of kingdoms all the time so i'm saying this not as a hater or as somebody who's
xtJClYl3YsM-00281-00146448-00146856 trying to tear the game down before it even comes out but it's just constructed produces some
xtJClYl3YsM-00282-00146856-00147272 things that i hope the game does right because i would love for this game to be good it would
xtJClYl3YsM-00283-00147272-00147760 be extremely exciting to have a rise of kingdoms 2 and i really want this game to be as best as
xtJClYl3YsM-00284-00147760-00148248 it possibly can be if that means you know delaying the launch of the game great i'm all for it that's
xtJClYl3YsM-00285-00148248-00148632 fine with me just as when the game comes out if it's good that's all that matters if you enjoyed
xtJClYl3YsM-00286-00148632-00148968 the video drop a thumbs up on it it really helps out the channel a ton of helps get this video
xtJClYl3YsM-00287-00148968-00149352 out into the youtube algorithm so other people might actually see it subscribe to the channel if
xtJClYl3YsM-00288-00149352-00149776 you want to see more call of dragons uh gameplay and videos comment down below what your thoughts
xtJClYl3YsM-00289-00149776-00150168 are of the game are you excited to play call of dragons do you think it's going to beat rise of
xtJClYl3YsM-00290-00150168-00150552 kingdoms for the number one spot i would love to hear from you down there and with that being said
xtJClYl3YsM-00291-00150552-00150968 guys thank you so much for watching this has been Omniarch i will talk to you guys again soon peace
xu5R2WsCKzc-00000-00000000-00000448 Terraria Hardmode but it's completely overhauled. If you want to see a full video on this I got you,
xu5R2WsCKzc-00001-00000448-00000824 it came out yesterday check it out. So this is the Terraria Overhaul mod it changes the
xu5R2WsCKzc-00002-00000824-00001240 way the weapons work, adds a crit circle that builds as you hit stuff, and even changed the
xu5R2WsCKzc-00003-00001240-00001672 weapon's damage, an ax now does quite a bit more damage than a sword. I got my friend Scott out
xu5R2WsCKzc-00004-00001672-00002039 of his hole and quickly built a little house because the mobs were kicking my butt. And I
xu5R2WsCKzc-00005-00002039-00002448 had to go back and rescue Scott again because for some reason he didn't move with me. This mod is
xu5R2WsCKzc-00006-00002448-00002824 really good in my opinion, it adds many little things that you don't even release makes the
xu5R2WsCKzc-00007-00002824-00003360 game soo much better it doesn't add much content its main focus is just to enhance the experience.
xBqd73BY5yu-00000-00000059-00000650 A week ago I decided to start a new singleplayer world and a lot has happened since then.
xBqd73BY5yu-00001-00000650-00001247 I initially didn't plan on making videos, but some people convinced me to do so anyway.
xBqd73BY5yu-00002-00001247-00001655 Because of that I don't have that much footage of the early game.
xBqd73BY5yu-00003-00001655-00002355 But I don't think that's a big problem, since no one wants to see another person mine stone for 20 minutes.
xBqd73BY5yu-00004-00002355-00002854 In this episode I'll mainly focus on what i have done after killing the Ender Dragon.
xBqd73BY5yu-00005-00002854-00003421 The focus of this let's play will be to talk about how you tackle a technical world,
xBqd73BY5yu-00006-00003421-00003856 what farms you should make and which decisions you make from a technical point of view.
xBqd73BY5yu-00007-00003856-00004521 I will also try to tackle some common misconceptions i often see in more casual playthroughs.
xBqd73BY5yu-00008-00004521-00005249 In the later game I'll try to design all farms myself, even If they're not the most efficient possible.
xBqd73BY5yu-00009-00005249-00005929 Doing this I'll also try to show the design process, and explain the mechanics used in the farm.
xBqd73BY5yu-00010-00005929-00006243 With that being said, let's get into it.
xBqd73BY5yu-00011-00006243-00006659 First we have to establish some rules.
xBqd73BY5yu-00012-00006659-00006955 In my singleplayer world i won't be duping.
xBqd73BY5yu-00013-00006955-00007430 No TNT duping, no sand or gravel duping, no concrete duping.
xBqd73BY5yu-00014-00007430-00007931 There are 2 exceptions to this though. The first one is dragon eggs.
xBqd73BY5yu-00015-00007931-00008859 The second exception is bedrock, but only if someone ever discovers a way to obtain bedrock in survival minecraft, 1.16 or above.
xBqd73BY5yu-00016-00008859-00009603 The no duping clause will also force me to dig perimeters by hand or use dispenser grids.
xBqd73BY5yu-00017-00009603-00009956 On the topic of perimeters, I won't make any square perimeters.
xBqd73BY5yu-00018-00009956-00010521 I personally find them boring and bland, and I would rather go for some more exciting shapes.
xBqd73BY5yu-00019-00010521-00010809 I will also use some carpet rules.
xBqd73BY5yu-00020-00010809-00011542 The firs one will be dragon egg bedrock breaking, which implements the 1.12 bedrock breaking method in newer versions.
xBqd73BY5yu-00021-00011542-00012119 I will also use shulkers respawn in End Cities and stackable shulker boxes.
xBqd73BY5yu-00022-00012119-00012624 I use respawnable shulkers since I don't want to dupe shulkers.
xBqd73BY5yu-00023-00012624-00013125 I would rather have some method to farm them then to dupe them.
xBqd73BY5yu-00024-00013125-00013706 I may or may not decide to enable or disable carpet rules in the future, but for now that's it.
xBqd73BY5yu-00025-00013706-00014515 Finally, I also use Lithium and Phosphor to reduce server lag since my PC is a little bit of a potato.
xBqd73BY5yu-00026-00014515-00015410 My last rule is that i want to create every kind of farm myself at some point.
xBqd73BY5yu-00027-00015410-00016642 In the beginning of my singleplayer I might make someone else's design, but the plan is to always replace them with a better one that i hopefully designed myself.
xBqd73BY5yu-00028-00016814-00017036 Let's begin with the choice of the seed.
xBqd73BY5yu-00029-00017036-00017828 I decided to choose this seed since it has a quad witch hut near spawn and a mooshroom biome very near spawn.
xBqd73BY5yu-00030-00017828-00018408 I also chose this seed over others since it has many different biomes near spawn.
xBqd73BY5yu-00031-00018408-00019116 It also has some very big mesa biomes near spawn, and i have some plans for them in the future.
xBqd73BY5yu-00032-00019116-00019825 As you may or may not know, perimeters are a vital part of any technical world.
xBqd73BY5yu-00033-00019825-00020535 This episode and the following episodes will focus on the road to getting everything set up to start digging them.
xBqd73BY5yu-00034-00020535-00021120 This will include getting lot's of beacons and pickaxes but also some other things.
xBqd73BY5yu-00035-00021120-00021653 This here is my spawn, and as you can see I've already set up some basics.
xBqd73BY5yu-00036-00021653-00022453 Like an iron farm, a sugercane farm a villager breeder, a very basic storage and some crop farms.
xBqd73BY5yu-00037-00022520-00023421 So, digging perimeters. Well a very important perimeter in every technical world is the spawn perimeter.
xBqd73BY5yu-00038-00023421-00024008 In 1.14+ the spawn chunks are 23x23 chunks in size.
xBqd73BY5yu-00039-00024008-00024437 One makes a spawn perimeter to reduce the lag from it.
xBqd73BY5yu-00040-00024437-00025005 The spawn chunks produce some lag because they are loaded permanently.
xBqd73BY5yu-00041-00025005-00025901 When a player is in the overworld the middle 19x19 chunks will be loaded as entity ticking. In that zone everything will be processed normally.
xBqd73BY5yu-00042-00025901-00026614 The border around this, the chunks 21 chunks out will be loaded as non-entity ticking.
xBqd73BY5yu-00043-00026614-00027460 In here, entities won't be processed but redstone will still work. This is sometimes also called redstone ticking.
xBqd73BY5yu-00044-00027460-00028100 Finally, you have the last border at 23 chunks out. These are conveniently calle border chunks.
xBqd73BY5yu-00045-00028100-00029430 In here almost nothing will be processed, though mobs will still count towards the mobcap. When there is no player in the overworld the complete spawn chunks will be loaded as border chunks.
xBqd73BY5yu-00046-00029430-00030308 So for example, the iron farm I've made will work, even if I'm not near it as long as I'm in the overworld.
xBqd73BY5yu-00047-00030308-00031450 So, back on the topic of perimeters. Since I won't be digging any square perimeters and the spawn chunks are square in size. I'll need to fit another shape around it.
xBqd73BY5yu-00048-00031450-00032380 I chose for a hexagon. The black outline represents the shape I'm going to dig out. The red outline is the size of the spawn chunks.
xBqd73BY5yu-00049-00032380-00033190 The volume will be around 10 million blocks though it's difficult to calculate exactly since there's a lot of water in the spawn chunks.
xBqd73BY5yu-00050-00033190-00033590 This is one of the three digging projects I have already planned.
xBqd73BY5yu-00051-00033590-00034190 So, as I have told you I already made an iron farm. I built Gnembons design.
xBqd73BY5yu-00052-00034190-00034940 It is decently fast, yet simple. I managed to build this farm on day 2 of my survival world. It was basically the firs project i did.
xBqd73BY5yu-00053-00034940-00035540 Once i managed to get some basic tools and armour i went to a village and snatched 2 villagers.
xBqd73BY5yu-00054-00035540-00036409 I transported them on minecart rails via the nether to my spawn chunks and then i made a simple villager breeder.
xBqd73BY5yu-00055-00036409-00036799 After that I went to a pillager outpost and snatched a pillager.
xBqd73BY5yu-00056-00036799-00037810 I put the pillager in a 1x1 hole with a 2 high wall. I then replaced one of the top blocks with a top slab.
xBqd73BY5yu-00057-00037810-00038410 That way, the pillager will be able to see you, but not be able to shoot you.
xBqd73BY5yu-00058-00038410-00039250 I AFK'd there for a while until the pillager's bow broke. After that i could put the pillager on a railway.
xBqd73BY5yu-00059-00039250-00040390 By the way, if you see the pillager foating in the minecart that's due to a bug in replay mod. I don't know why that happens but it looks quite odd.
xBqd73BY5yu-00060-00040390-00041333 From there on the rest is quite trivial. If you use some more basic materials instead of glass and a smaller storage you can probably make this farm on day 1.
xBqd73BY5yu-00061-00041333-00041790 The way that this farm works is that it has a pillager going around scaring the villagers.
xBqd73BY5yu-00062-00041790-00042450 Each group of 3 villagers will spawn one iron golem. There are beds so the villager can sleep and reset there timers.
xBqd73BY5yu-00063-00042450-00042850 For more information, please watch gnembons video on it
xBqd73BY5yu-00064-00043000-00043430 Next i stared working on a general mob farm.
xBqd73BY5yu-00065-00043430-00043810 Once again I used a design by gnembon.
xBqd73BY5yu-00066-00043810-00044350 This farm let's the mobs spawn on a platform, and then flushes them away into a hole for them to die.
xBqd73BY5yu-00067-00044350-00044790 I used wither roses on top of soul sand to kill the mobs with armour.
xBqd73BY5yu-00068-00044790-00045225 Because i used soul sand the hoppers could pick up the items through blocks.
xBqd73BY5yu-00069-00045225-00045710 One thing that I do want to touch on is the placement of the AFK spot.
xBqd73BY5yu-00070-00045710-00046250 I often see people place the AFK spot in a place where it will decrease the rates of the farm.
xBqd73BY5yu-00071-00046250-00047040 I placed the AFK spot to the side. First of all it's important to have the AFK spot 24 blocks away from the spawn pads.
xBqd73BY5yu-00072-00047040-00047766 Mobs won't spawn within 24 blocks of the player. It's also important not to place the AFK spot right above the farm.
xBqd73BY5yu-00073-00047766-00048730 since the increase in height from the platform will reduce the rate at which mobs will spawn. That's why the AFK spot is a little to the side of the farm.
xBqd73BY5yu-00074-00048730-00049350 I also had to make sure that the 128 spawn sphere wasn't too low.
xBqd73BY5yu-00075-00049350-00049750 If it is too low drowneds will be able to spawn in the water.
xBqd73BY5yu-00076-00049750-00050270 Mobs are only able to spawn 128 blocks away from the player.
xBqd73BY5yu-00077-00050270-00051090 I had removed some watter at the bottom in the shape of a sphere. This would be the despawn sphere.
xBqd73BY5yu-00078-00051090-00051790 But not only did I place the despawn sphere too high, resulting in the wrong part of the water being removed.
xBqd73BY5yu-00079-00051790-00052779 It also wasn't necessary. I learned that drowneds can only spawn below y = 58. I thought drowneds could spawn in any water level.
xBqd73BY5yu-00080-00052779-00053633 So all of the effort wasn't really necessary, but it still looks cool so I'm happy with how it turned out.
xBqd73BY5yu-00081-00053633-00054550 So for getting XP i built a little endermen farm. This farm is once again based on a design by gnembon, the Ender Mini.
xBqd73BY5yu-00082-00054550-00055004 By having a spawn platform at y=0 endermen will spawn very quickly.
xBqd73BY5yu-00083-00055004-00055904 I lure them in to a hole with an endermite so i can kill them for as much XP as i want.
xBqd73BY5yu-00084-00056000-00056500 The first really big project I'm working towards is a Nether Fortress farm.
xBqd73BY5yu-00085-00056500-00057066 For digging projects, but also other projects beacons are very useful.
xBqd73BY5yu-00086-00057066-00057740 Also other drops from a fortress farm such as blaze rods and coal will also be very useful.
xBqd73BY5yu-00087-00057740-00058450 I have already killed a few withers and managed to get some beacons. I will use those beacons to start digging out the perimeter for the fortress farm.
xBqd73BY5yu-00088-00058450-00059500 I am not quite sure about the shape of the perimeter. I might go for a simple cylindrical perimeter or a different shape. I have not decided on that yet.
xBqd73BY5yu-00089-00059500-00060570 One of the reasons i chose this spot is that it's partially in a basalt delta. The resources i get from digging here will come in very handy.
xBqd73BY5yu-00090-00060570-00061350 I'm very excited to start digging and maybe I'll decide on a shape that's a little more interesting than a simple circle.
xBqd73BY5yu-00091-00061350-00061890 Before I can start working on this project though I need to do two different projects.
xBqd73BY5yu-00092-00061890-00062666 The first project will be a trading hall. This will allow me to trade for pickaxes, shovels armour and many more useful things.
xBqd73BY5yu-00093-00062666-00063350 To efficiently trade I'll need a lot of emeralds though. To get these emeralds I'll build a raid farm.
xBqd73BY5yu-00094-00063350-00063815 So I don't have to trade for hours on end just to get a few emeralds.
xBqd73BY5yu-00095-00063815-00064450 After I have finished these two projects I'll finally be able to do some proper digging and get the proper tools for it.
xBqd73BY5yu-00096-00064450-00065700 Other projects i want to work on include a slime farm, a gold farm, a tree farm, and basically any other farm that could be useful in the early game.
xBqd73BY5yu-00097-00065700-00066166 The last project i still have planned is a very important one.
xBqd73BY5yu-00098-00066166-00066890 For any technical world you obviously need a lot of redstone. For fireworks you need a lot of gunpowder.
xBqd73BY5yu-00099-00066890-00067400 This farm will help with that. I already told you that there is a quad witch hut in this seed. The size of this perimeter will be around 5.5 million blocks, which is a little more than the 3 - 3.5 million blocks for a minimum size perimeter.
xBqd73BY5yu-00100-00067400-00068000 The first thing I'll be trying to make after the fortress farm is a quad witch farm.
xBqd73BY5yu-00101-00068000-00068450 I think that the concept of quad witch huts is very self explanetory.
xBqd73BY5yu-00102-00068450-00068950 It is basically 4 witch huts that are close enough together that they fit in a single despawn sphere.
xBqd73BY5yu-00103-00068950-00069760 Due to the way structure generation works, 4 is the maximum amount of witch huts you can have in a single despawn sphere.
xBqd73BY5yu-00104-00069760-00070520 Not every seed has a quad witch hut though, and that's why I specifically chose this seed. So i would have a quad witch hut.
xBqd73BY5yu-00105-00070520-00071410 Triple and dual witch huts, which are 3 and 2 witch huts in a single despawn sphere are a lot more common. Basically every seed has them.
xBqd73BY5yu-00106-00071410-00071980 Off course I'll be digging the perimeter for this farm, and the shape I have decided on is a triangle.
xBqd73BY5yu-00107-00072915-00073600 It will take a while until all of these perimeters are dug out, but I'm very excited to start working on them.
xBqd73BY5yu-00108-00073600-00074350 Luckily I'll be able to make a single witch hut farm way before the complete perimeter is dug out.
xBqd73BY5yu-00109-00074350-00075815 I can just position the despawn sphere in the air, so only 1 witch hut is loaded. That way i can get at least some redstone before the project is finished which is quite nice.
xBqd73BY5yu-00110-00075815-00076505 That way i can work on other projects while I grind on digging, which is nice.
xBqd73BY5yu-00111-00076750-00077290 So this is all i have done to date. I have a lot of digging projects planned.
xBqd73BY5yu-00112-00077290-00077690 But don't worry, I'll also be doing projects for which I don't need perimeters.
xBqd73BY5yu-00113-00077690-00078310 Like for example tree farms, a slime farm, and also things like a mob switch for example.
xBqd73BY5yu-00114-00078310-00078800 I hope you enjoyed the video. I think I have some very exciting things planned.
xBqd73BY5yu-00115-00078800-00079350 I'll also try to do a little more first person stuff in the followup episode.
xBqd73BY5yu-00116-00079350-00080500 I wasn't able to do that in this episode since I didn't plan on making episodes initially.
xBqd73BY5yu-00117-00080500-00081033 Since this was my first episode any advice or critique would be greatly appreciated.
xBqd73BY5yu-00118-00081033-00081366 Feel free to leave a comment with that or with any questions you have.
xBqd73BY5yu-00119-00081366-00081980 Thanks for watching, leave a like and subscribe if you liked it and I'll see you in the next episode. Bye bye!
xCd-nVHtF80-00000-00000021-00000512 Wanna find out how your ministers in charge of finance and economy Su Jain-Rong and Shen
xCd-nVHtF80-00001-00000512-00000811 Jong-Chin performed in 2018?
xCd-nVHtF80-00002-00000811-00001236 In a few moments I will reveal you the real truth so pay close attention.
xCd-nVHtF80-00003-00001236-00001848 We will analyze only the single most important metric to determine how successful ministers
xCd-nVHtF80-00004-00001848-00001957 were.
xCd-nVHtF80-00005-00001957-00002426 Here's the deal: Most important metric for economy is: GDP
xCd-nVHtF80-00006-00002426-00002676 per capita based on PPP.
xCd-nVHtF80-00007-00002676-00003379 It's gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates
xCd-nVHtF80-00008-00003379-00003542 and divided by total population.
xCd-nVHtF80-00009-00003542-00003646 You can see this nice definition.
xCd-nVHtF80-00010-00003646-00004151 Basically it's number that tells you how much stuff can average citizen buy with wage he
xCd-nVHtF80-00011-00004151-00004301 gets every month.
xCd-nVHtF80-00012-00004301-00004798 In countries with higher numbers citizens live great and buy bunch of new things every
xCd-nVHtF80-00013-00004798-00004898 month.
xCd-nVHtF80-00014-00004898-00005387 In countries with low numbers citizens live bad and scrape every month to buy food and
xCd-nVHtF80-00015-00005387-00005685 pay living expenses, just to survive.
xCd-nVHtF80-00016-00005685-00006253 If you are from Taiwan comment below how much could you afford in 2018 and were you satisfied
xCd-nVHtF80-00017-00006253-00006353 with that?
xCd-nVHtF80-00018-00006353-00006668 Now: Our data source will be IMF's GDP per capita
xCd-nVHtF80-00019-00006668-00006911 based on PPP rankings report.
xCd-nVHtF80-00020-00006911-00007489 IMF stands for international monetary fund and this organization is the most relevant
xCd-nVHtF80-00021-00007489-00007600 data source in the world.
xCd-nVHtF80-00022-00007600-00007700 We'll analyze 2 main factors.
xCd-nVHtF80-00023-00007700-00008181 Position, in 2018 GDP per capita based on PPP rankings and change in rankings.
xCd-nVHtF80-00024-00008181-00008491 Based on those factors all ministers get grades.
xCd-nVHtF80-00025-00008491-00009270 Grades are: Phenomenal which is the best, Amazing, Excellent, Great, Good, than Fair
xCd-nVHtF80-00026-00009270-00009965 which is neutral, Mediocre, Poor, Bad, Awful, and Abysmal which is the worst.
xCd-nVHtF80-00027-00009965-00010518 If country dropped ranking from last year ministers can't get positive grade.
xCd-nVHtF80-00028-00010518-00010677 Is that clear?
xCd-nVHtF80-00029-00010677-00010825 And now are you ready?
xCd-nVHtF80-00030-00010825-00011347 Taiwan ministers in charge of finance and economy Su Jain-Rong and Shen Jong-Chin in
xCd-nVHtF80-00031-00011347-00011597 2018 performed, drumroll: PHENOMENAL.
xCd-nVHtF80-00032-00011597-00012409 You can best visualize it by seeing how high this red arrow is.
xCd-nVHtF80-00033-00012409-00012517 And now a few numbers.
xCd-nVHtF80-00034-00012517-00013041 Their score was 1776 and they ranked 1st among all economy related ministers.
xCd-nVHtF80-00035-00013041-00013936 Taiwan was ranked 21st in 2017 which is very high and in 2018 they gained 3 places to 18th
xCd-nVHtF80-00036-00013936-00014072 place.
xCd-nVHtF80-00037-00014072-00014594 So as you can see it's PHENOMENAL job, your ministers are making you richer.
xCd-nVHtF80-00038-00014594-00015297 If you now want to see how leader of Taiwan president Tsai Ing-Wen performed in 2018 click
xCd-nVHtF80-00039-00015297-00015526 the link in top right corner.
xCd-nVHtF80-00040-00015526-00015641 And that's not all...
xCd-nVHtF80-00041-00015641-00016122 Let's see few ministers related to economy that performed the best so you can see how
xCd-nVHtF80-00042-00016122-00016391 Phenomenal performance looks like.
xCd-nVHtF80-00043-00016391-00016612 Here is the top of the rankings.
xCd-nVHtF80-00044-00016612-00017306 Ranked number 1 were ministers from Taiwan Su Jain-rong and Shen Jong-chin.
xCd-nVHtF80-00045-00017306-00018100 They did phenomenal job, and Taiwan recorded jump of 3 places in the rankings.
xCd-nVHtF80-00046-00018100-00018812 Ranked number 2 were ministers from Spain María Jesús Montero and Nadia Calviño.
xCd-nVHtF80-00047-00018812-00019293 Phenomenal job, Spain also jumped 3 places in the rankings.
xCd-nVHtF80-00048-00019293-00019859 Ranked number 3 were ministers from China Liu Kun and Zhong Shan.
xCd-nVHtF80-00049-00019859-00020473 And although China ranks little bit lower than Taiwan and Spain, in 2018 they leaped
xCd-nVHtF80-00050-00020473-00020888 4 places from 81st to 77th.
xCd-nVHtF80-00051-00020888-00021495 Now, before you go and watch next video: Remember to subscribe and click bell icon
xCd-nVHtF80-00052-00021495-00021779 so you don't miss new 2019.
xCd-nVHtF80-00053-00021779-00021923 rankings.
xCd-nVHtF80-00054-00021923-00022595 I will analyze 2019 performance as soon as new IMF ratings become available.
xCd-nVHtF80-00055-00022595-00022648 Bye
xC7sNbNc3yE-00000-00000194-00000966 Hi. Here's how to find market research for - in this case - hard cider.
xC7sNbNc3yE-00001-00000966-00001438 Go to http://guides.lib.unc.edu/MarketResearch/marketResearch
xC7sNbNc3yE-00002-00001438-00001575 Scroll down.
xC7sNbNc3yE-00003-00001575-00002032 In this case we're going to start with IBISWorld, which is right here.
xC7sNbNc3yE-00004-00002032-00002564 (If you're off-campus, you'll log in with your ONYEN and password).
xC7sNbNc3yE-00005-00002564-00003176 I know there's a report called hard cider,  so I'm going to type that in
xC7sNbNc3yE-00006-00003176-00003376 (It takes a little while for it to come up)
xC7sNbNc3yE-00007-00003386-00003878 I know because I've pre-earched this that
xC7sNbNc3yE-00008-00003878-00004324 "Cider production" is the report we want to look at.
xC7sNbNc3yE-00009-00004324-00004520 You get all kinds of information about the industry:
xC7sNbNc3yE-00010-00004520-00004958 "Industry Performance" ...  "Industry Outlook" ... "Products & Markets"
xC7sNbNc3yE-00011-00004958-00005406 "[Competitive] Landscape" ... "Companies" and so on, including some statistics.
xC7sNbNc3yE-00012-00005406-00006056 This report was written in November of 2017. You can download the PDF very easily
xC7sNbNc3yE-00013-00006056-00006583 It turns out to be a 36 page report.
xC7sNbNc3yE-00014-00006583-00007258 Let me know if you have any questions. Good luck!
xDre82jq8jM-00000-00000000-00000462 Hi, I'm Dean from travel vids and today we're going to do a basic editing tutorial
xDre82jq8jM-00001-00000462-00001041 I'm going to take you through the process of taking separate clips that are stored on your mobile device and
xDre82jq8jM-00002-00001063-00001568 Turning them into one clip that you can export for YouTube Facebook or Instagram
xDre82jq8jM-00003-00001642-00002204 This will be the ultimate basic process, and we are going to be using a Samsung s8 with PowerDirector.
xDre82jq8jM-00004-00002257-00002775 On your phone the first thing you're gonna want to do is go to your gallery and
xDre82jq8jM-00005-00002842-00003194 Open the camera folder where all your images are stored.
xDre82jq8jM-00006-00003264-00003812 Then select all the clips that belong in one video that you want to put together
xDre82jq8jM-00007-00003928-00004128 into one clip and
xDre82jq8jM-00008-00004177-00004730 we are going to move them to a new album. Create a new album and
xDre82jq8jM-00009-00004798-00005027 We'll call that
xDre82jq8jM-00010-00005107-00005307 coffee
xDre82jq8jM-00011-00005521-00005861 Just for arguments sake and we'll create that folder.
xDre82jq8jM-00012-00006057-00006770 I've got a nice contained folder with all those clips in it. I'm going to do this tutorial in two separate processes
xDre82jq8jM-00013-00006886-00007520 the first is how to import clips and then just export them straight so that you can see how it works and
xDre82jq8jM-00014-00007536-00007886 Then on the second run. We'll do a little bit of tweaking to it
xDre82jq8jM-00015-00007886-00008195 So that way you get to see the program in action a little bit
xDre82jq8jM-00016-00008196-00008765 So we're going to open up our director, if this is the first time you're working with power director
xDre82jq8jM-00017-00008765-00009353 You'll notice that tutorials will pop up you can just close these because they can actually get a little bit confusing
xDre82jq8jM-00018-00009372-00009962 On the topic of confusing you'll notice that there's buttons on the top and the side at the bottom here everywhere
xDre82jq8jM-00019-00009970-00010493 Just ignore everything for the moment the only thing you want to focus on is a new project
xDre82jq8jM-00020-00010546-00011075 So always rename your projects to match your folders, so we'll call this coffee
xDre82jq8jM-00021-00011200-00011627 Done leave it at sixteen by nine and off we go now
xDre82jq8jM-00022-00011820-00012510 The second screen is your library. It's what you need to find the clips because we've put it in a folder already
xDre82jq8jM-00023-00012510-00012786 You'll see it right there. It's the coffee folder and
xDre82jq8jM-00024-00012837-00013490 There you have the clips that we wanted. To get them into the timeline which is the line at the bottom here.
xDre82jq8jM-00025-00013531-00014091 All you need to do is find the one you want to put in first which will be that one tap it once to highlight
xDre82jq8jM-00026-00014091-00014346 It tap it again to put it in the time line
xDre82jq8jM-00027-00014391-00015126 Then in order that we want to put them in we'll have that one next and then we'll have that one next and that
xDre82jq8jM-00028-00015226-00015479 one and that one and that
xDre82jq8jM-00029-00015556-00015756 one
xDre82jq8jM-00030-00015808-00016008 And that one
xDre82jq8jM-00031-00016126-00016269 And
xDre82jq8jM-00032-00016269-00016503 There we go there we go there
xDre82jq8jM-00033-00016606-00016768 We go
xDre82jq8jM-00034-00016768-00017445 so I've brought all the clips into the timeline which is basically connected then back to back over here.
xDre82jq8jM-00035-00017503-00017727 If that is the way you want it
xDre82jq8jM-00036-00017734-00018306 Then all you need to do is go back again back to the library page and back again
xDre82jq8jM-00037-00018337-00018507 This will be your home page
xDre82jq8jM-00038-00018507-00019055 it's where you can play the video from so your controls are on this side and
xDre82jq8jM-00039-00019102-00019752 To continue editing the video would be on this side, but as I've said first edit we're going to just keep it very simple
xDre82jq8jM-00040-00019876-00020159 we'll put them in back-to-back like this and
xDre82jq8jM-00041-00020220-00020624 I'm going to use this top corner one which is your export button and
xDre82jq8jM-00042-00020683-00020907 We want to produce this video
xDre82jq8jM-00043-00021004-00021635 It's always best to save the video to your phone, so save gallery or to an SD card
xDre82jq8jM-00044-00021697-00022227 Rather do it like this then going straight to the platform. I find that it gives you more control
xDre82jq8jM-00045-00022279-00022845 To to do what you want in in Facebook or YouTube wherever you're going to use it
xDre82jq8jM-00046-00022845-00023465 So save it to your gallery you can choose the size that you want to save it in. HD is usually fine
xDre82jq8jM-00047-00023466-00023885 But if you're making a small video that you want to email to somebody you can use SD
xDre82jq8jM-00048-00023886-00024291 Which shrinks the file size a little bit. So we produce the video...
xDre82jq8jM-00049-00024415-00024966 Then there'll be a screen like this which will be a advert because I'm using the free version
xDre82jq8jM-00050-00025020-00025301 You can just close that it'll go out of your way
xDre82jq8jM-00051-00025447-00026232 This is a really inexpensive app and it's definitely worth purchasing and when you purchase it it will take the watermark off the video
xDre82jq8jM-00052-00026391-00026868 So once again, that's just an advert you can ignore the picture
xDre82jq8jM-00053-00027050-00027477 Okay, and we don't need to rate you we go back again
xDre82jq8jM-00054-00027613-00028380 Your two important buttons are at the top here is your back button if you ever push something wrong like this happens
xDre82jq8jM-00055-00028381-00028539 And you go, I don't know where I am
xDre82jq8jM-00056-00028539-00029229 I've gotten lost then all you got to do is push this back button you see there's a tutorial window that I was talking about
xDre82jq8jM-00057-00029300-00029477 When you see these tutorial
xDre82jq8jM-00058-00029477-00029527 windows
xDre82jq8jM-00059-00029545-00030300 That pop up you untick the "show this tip next time" so that it won't get in your way tap and it'll go away
xDre82jq8jM-00060-00030341-00030497 so if you ever get stuck
xDre82jq8jM-00061-00030497-00031164 This back button on top here is your sort of saving grace in case you make a mistake and you get lost in the program
xDre82jq8jM-00062-00031166-00031366 Then you just go back
xDre82jq8jM-00063-00031382-00031644 Always go back if you go back again
xDre82jq8jM-00064-00031757-00032332 It takes you back to the home screen if you want to carry on editing the project in here
xDre82jq8jM-00065-00032332-00032598 You must just find your project we were working on coffee
xDre82jq8jM-00066-00032695-00032875 So I can go back to
xDre82jq8jM-00067-00032875-00033288 Editing the project over here, and it takes me back to that home screen
xDre82jq8jM-00068-00033409-00033609 back button and
xDre82jq8jM-00069-00033677-00034309 export button. If you want to get a little bit more fancy now, and you want to edit it so
xDre82jq8jM-00070-00034394-00034594 We preview the video over there
xDre82jq8jM-00071-00034703-00035076 You can see some of the clips are a bit long like we could shorten them
xDre82jq8jM-00072-00035077-00035496 So let's just pause that all you got to do is select the clip
xDre82jq8jM-00073-00035584-00035958 Then we're gonna zoom in a little bit to make it a bit bigger
xDre82jq8jM-00074-00036050-00036319 once again select it and then you can just
xDre82jq8jM-00075-00036383-00036874 Trim the clip at the back in the front so once again there. We go. We'll just
xDre82jq8jM-00076-00036946-00037191 Select that one trim it down
xDre82jq8jM-00077-00037268-00037427 Trim it down
xDre82jq8jM-00078-00037427-00037627 that one
xDre82jq8jM-00079-00037672-00037872 Trim
xDre82jq8jM-00080-00037907-00038107 Trim it down
xDre82jq8jM-00081-00038144-00038370 See these are all way too long and
xDre82jq8jM-00082-00038500-00039015 That way we now watch the video now it goes quick. Chop chop chop
xDre82jq8jM-00083-00039659-00040195 And you can carry on going throughout the video you'll see the full length of the video at the top here
xDre82jq8jM-00084-00040196-00040394 I'm a twenty nine seconds
xDre82jq8jM-00085-00040394-00040711 So you know keeping them short is really good
xDre82jq8jM-00086-00040755-00040984 If you want to get a little bit more in depth
xDre82jq8jM-00087-00041009-00041530 But tapping on the clip you'll have just under the back button you'll have an edit button
xDre82jq8jM-00088-00041562-00041894 Which will give you a little menu with more things that you can do
xDre82jq8jM-00089-00041952-00042310 Like for example reversing the club flipping it duplicating it
xDre82jq8jM-00090-00042393-00042697 changing the color or like in this case where
xDre82jq8jM-00091-00042734-00043165 he was talking and you don't want to use the voice you just take the volume and
xDre82jq8jM-00092-00043197-00043531 You drop the volume all the way down to mute the clip.
xDre82jq8jM-00093-00043692-00043844 Then if you
xDre82jq8jM-00094-00043856-00044464 Decide that you want to change the order around all you have to do is simply the hold
xDre82jq8jM-00095-00044496-00045276 it till it turns orange, and you can move it to there and let go says you can reorder the clips like that and
xDre82jq8jM-00096-00045393-00045682 if you would like to add in more
xDre82jq8jM-00097-00045762-00046090 So we go to the back here you go
xDre82jq8jM-00098-00046302-00046921 To that button, and it takes you back to the library so you can add in clips maybe even from another video
xDre82jq8jM-00099-00047000-00047175 like
xDre82jq8jM-00100-00047175-00047521 Me talking over there and bring that into the video
xDre82jq8jM-00101-00047906-00048448 The same thing can go for music you'll see on the timeline underneath is some more tracks
xDre82jq8jM-00102-00048449-00048893 Yeah with the little music notes over there. You can add music in there
xDre82jq8jM-00103-00048993-00049213 You'll go to the music tab at the top
xDre82jq8jM-00104-00049290-00049522 Find some music. That's on your phone and
xDre82jq8jM-00105-00049577-00050068 Then again the little plus will take it into the song and you see I haven't lined it up at the front
xDre82jq8jM-00106-00050069-00050398 So we'll just hold it and drag it
xDre82jq8jM-00107-00050938-00051138 To the front
xDre82jq8jM-00108-00051239-00051777 Want to shorten the front of the music so that it gets going straight away, and then if I preview it
xDre82jq8jM-00109-00052445-00052992 Perfect and ready to go to Instagram we produce the project and
xDre82jq8jM-00110-00053152-00053571 Save it to the phone for the produce HD produce
xDre82jq8jM-00111-00053660-00054117 This little pop-up here again is just to remind me that I want to maybe get the full version
xDre82jq8jM-00112-00054149-00054838 That's about five or six dollars. It's really well priced for a very comprehensive video editing app
xDre82jq8jM-00113-00054958-00055602 Hope you found the quick look that we had at Powerdirector on a samsung S8 helpful to putting videos together
xDre82jq8jM-00114-00055602-00056270 I think a lot of people get frightened off by the idea of editing because: we're do even begin?
xDre82jq8jM-00115-00056288-00057017 And although these programs can look a little bit complicated all you really gotta focus on is keeping your Clips short
xDre82jq8jM-00116-00057035-00057715 So filming is very important, making sure that you know what you want to film, so that when you get to the editing program
xDre82jq8jM-00117-00057715-00058362 it's a matter of opening up the folder dropping them in in the right order and then just adding a music track and
xDre82jq8jM-00118-00058417-00058617 pushing that export button
xDre82jq8jM-00119-00058916-00059428 If you're looking for a little bit more information and a little bit of a deeper look into this whole process
xDre82jq8jM-00120-00059475-00059878 We do the seven step editing process, which takes you through the same thing
xDre82jq8jM-00121-00059879-00060421 we've just done with all the long odds and ends along the way as well as how to film and
xDre82jq8jM-00122-00060479-00061019 Planning exactly what to form so that your editing does become as easy as painting by numbers
xEnpZlze8G8-00000-00005092-00005164 guys
xEnpZlze8G8-00001-00005294-00005494 you know what I would love?
xEnpZlze8G8-00002-00005634-00006088 have dinner and view this amazing place from there
xEnpZlze8G8-00003-00006088-00006266 from the whole city and the park
xEnpZlze8G8-00004-00006266-00006431 what do you think?
xEnpZlze8G8-00005-00006431-00006578 of course!, yes of course!
xEnpZlze8G8-00006-00006578-00006728 lets eat there
xEnpZlze8G8-00007-00007544-00007744 tne winners
xEnpZlze8G8-00008-00007766-00008056 they are enjoying the view here at San Francisco
xEnpZlze8G8-00009-00008056-00008186 waiting for the Cable Car
xEnpZlze8G8-00010-00008202-00008550 the most famous car of this city
xEnpZlze8G8-00011-00008574-00008828 it transport people
xEnpZlze8G8-00012-00008828-00009000 from Fishermans Worf
xEnpZlze8G8-00013-00009000-00009178 to Market Street
xEnpZlze8G8-00014-00009202-00009402 we will show you one
xEnpZlze8G8-00015-00009402-00009582 is coming soon
xEnpZlze8G8-00016-00009626-00009890 you should wait for good things in life
xEnpZlze8G8-00017-00009932-00010132 and the cable car is not the exception
xEnpZlze8G8-00018-00012474-00012674 tomorrow we will meet the director of digital marketing
xEnpZlze8G8-00019-00012674-00012808 from AirBNB
xEnpZlze8G8-00020-00012808-00012972 that´s great
xEnpZlze8G8-00021-00012988-00013236 he is very excited about it
xEnpZlze8G8-00022-00013268-00013619 he family comes from Puerto Rico and Finland
xEnpZlze8G8-00023-00013647-00013891 he is like, I want to meet them
xEnpZlze8G8-00024-00013896-00014096 I want to know how I can help
xEnpZlze8G8-00025-00014146-00014452 this meeting is very interesting
xEnpZlze8G8-00026-00014484-00014804 you guys can ask things about
xEnpZlze8G8-00027-00014804-00014991 what you already asked me
xEnpZlze8G8-00028-00014991-00015158 digital marketing strategies
xEnpZlze8G8-00029-00015182-00015456 for an scaling company
xEnpZlze8G8-00030-00015547-00015763 this is a problem that you are thinking about
xEnpZlze8G8-00031-00015818-00016018 so for me
xEnpZlze8G8-00032-00016186-00016436 with your product Carlos
xEnpZlze8G8-00033-00016458-00016688 it would be better if you ask
xEnpZlze8G8-00034-00016746-00017042 advices specifically for a product
xEnpZlze8G8-00035-00017056-00017406 because AirBNB is selling experiences and houses
xEnpZlze8G8-00036-00017492-00017692 renting apartments, all that
xEnpZlze8G8-00037-00017692-00017858 so you can ask
xEnpZlze8G8-00038-00017932-00018328 for his experience selling products
xEnpZlze8G8-00039-00018346-00018612 because he has also worked on a business
xEnpZlze8G8-00040-00018612-00018798 before this he had a company
xEnpZlze8G8-00041-00018904-00019104 he is very talented
xEnpZlze8G8-00042-00019196-00019472 so you can ask things about his business too
xEnpZlze8G8-00043-00019472-00019656 for you Gabriela
xEnpZlze8G8-00044-00019698-00019968 our date with AirBNB
xEnpZlze8G8-00045-00020014-00020242 could be great if you explain
xEnpZlze8G8-00046-00020318-00020518 where at your process are
xEnpZlze8G8-00047-00020518-00020702 look I have 60 drivers
xEnpZlze8G8-00048-00020766-00020854 I need to escalate
xEnpZlze8G8-00049-00020858-00021058 but in this moment I can't because
xEnpZlze8G8-00050-00021078-00021224 everything depends on me
xEnpZlze8G8-00051-00021226-00021344 what ca I do?
xEnpZlze8G8-00052-00021492-00021836 so you can ask about digital marketing strategies
xEnpZlze8G8-00053-00021852-00022052 but i think that with this guy
xEnpZlze8G8-00054-00022102-00022438 it will be more interesting to ask about operations
xEnpZlze8G8-00055-00022546-00022808 of a technology company
xEnpZlze8G8-00056-00022832-00023126 by selling services
xEnpZlze8G8-00057-00023144-00023422 of a material thing, like a house or an apartment
xEnpZlze8G8-00058-00023422-00023524 a car, right?
xEnpZlze8G8-00059-00023524-00023618 a ride
xEnpZlze8G8-00060-00023656-00023906 how they did that
xEnpZlze8G8-00061-00023940-00024140 it was successful o r not?
xEnpZlze8G8-00062-00024152-00024474 ask about some mistakes of AirBNB
xEnpZlze8G8-00063-00024474-00024584 from his point of view
xEnpZlze8G8-00064-00026466-00026733 ok here we are, day number two
xEnpZlze8G8-00065-00026748-00026966 on the Uniting the Americas travel and tour
xEnpZlze8G8-00066-00026982-00027289 here we are in front of the National AirBNB HQ
xEnpZlze8G8-00067-00027292-00027492 here at San Francisco, California
xEnpZlze8G8-00068-00027524-00027762 we are having a meeting with
xEnpZlze8G8-00069-00027770-00027970 one of the digital marketing directors
xEnpZlze8G8-00070-00027970-00028100 for AirBNB
xEnpZlze8G8-00071-00028116-00028316 we are very happy
xEnpZlze8G8-00072-00028348-00028548 and ready to share with you
xEnpZlze8G8-00073-00028548-00028658 and the winners
xEnpZlze8G8-00074-00028658-00028810 greetings from San Francisco
xEnpZlze8G8-00075-00030308-00030474 bienvenidos a AirBNB
xEnpZlze8G8-00076-00030474-00030598 mi nombre es Mike Terry
xEnpZlze8G8-00077-00030606-00030898 soy el ingeniero encargado del crecimiento de hosts
xEnpZlze8G8-00078-00030916-00031152 soy responsable de Marketing y Publicidad
xEnpZlze8G8-00079-00031152-00031336 y traer mas hosts a la plataforma
xEnpZlze8G8-00080-00031336-00031498 mediante el marketing digital
xEnpZlze8G8-00081-00031532-00031860 tengo 4 meses de estar acá
xEnpZlze8G8-00082-00031886-00032158 pero ya siento que estoy en casa
xEnpZlze8G8-00083-00032158-00032354 estoy muy feliz de ser su anfitrión
xEnpZlze8G8-00084-00032388-00032588 me alegra quee stén en los Estados Unidos
xEnpZlze8G8-00085-00032612-00032980 les compartiré conocimientos de Marketing Digital
xEnpZlze8G8-00086-00032980-00033092 emprendimiento
xEnpZlze8G8-00087-00033114-00033384 soy ingeniero y fundador técnico
xEnpZlze8G8-00088-00033384-00033548 de un startup
xEnpZlze8G8-00089-00033574-00033800 tengo mucho que compartir con ustedes
xEnpZlze8G8-00090-00033822-00034022 en ingles y un poco de español
xEnpZlze8G8-00091-00034254-00034398 excelente
xEnpZlze8G8-00092-00034706-00034780 did you get it?
xEnpZlze8G8-00093-00034878-00034946 yes
xEnpZlze8G8-00094-00035262-00035462 he was sharing what he does here
xEnpZlze8G8-00095-00035504-00035704 te parece bien si explicas un poco sobre
xEnpZlze8G8-00096-00035764-00036158 las estrategias de marketing que usas acá
xEnpZlze8G8-00097-00036438-00036638 o bien ustedes rápidamente pueden
xEnpZlze8G8-00098-00036664-00036988 you can explain in one minute
xEnpZlze8G8-00099-00036988-00037154 explain what you do and work for
xEnpZlze8G8-00100-00037220-00037514 my project is called Mujeres Al Volante
xEnpZlze8G8-00101-00037568-00037768 we are a group of women
xEnpZlze8G8-00102-00037768-00037938 with our own cars
xEnpZlze8G8-00103-00037956-00038208 bringing this transport service
xEnpZlze8G8-00104-00038208-00038342 using our free time
xEnpZlze8G8-00105-00038364-00038584 this helps to women
xEnpZlze8G8-00106-00038604-00038928 take good care of their families
xEnpZlze8G8-00107-00038940-00039264 and earn an extra money
xEnpZlze8G8-00108-00039286-00039514 in my country is important
xEnpZlze8G8-00109-00039520-00039720 because is a very insecure country
xEnpZlze8G8-00110-00039758-00039996 its usual to hear about kidnaping
xEnpZlze8G8-00111-00040014-00040244 of children and abused women
xEnpZlze8G8-00112-00040268-00040532 so being part of a group of women
xEnpZlze8G8-00113-00040552-00040782 we take care ones for the others
xEnpZlze8G8-00114-00040820-00041156 and we generate an extra income
xEnpZlze8G8-00115-00041266-00041612 I'm about 15 months working on this
xEnpZlze8G8-00116-00041878-00042226 I'm only using Facebook to communicate my service
xEnpZlze8G8-00117-00042226-00042384 in a native way
xEnpZlze8G8-00118-00042392-00042592 I have invested just a little in advertising
xEnpZlze8G8-00119-00042724-00042966 and I'm still looking for the strategies
xEnpZlze8G8-00120-00042986-00043218 to expand and communicate better
xEnpZlze8G8-00121-00043228-00043428 49 conductoras
xEnpZlze8G8-00122-00043506-00043682 por el momento todo se organiza por medio de WhatsApp
xEnpZlze8G8-00123-00043682-00043798 y en el sitio web
xEnpZlze8G8-00124-00043874-00044026 ella está tratando de mejorar
xEnpZlze8G8-00125-00044028-00044174 y está pagando muy poco en anuncios de facebook
xEnpZlze8G8-00126-00044240-00044372 pero están funcionando bien
xEnpZlze8G8-00127-00044426-00044566 pero ella quiere saber
xEnpZlze8G8-00128-00044618-00044792 cómo mejorar la pauta de facebook
xEnpZlze8G8-00129-00044792-00044942 y operacionalmente
xEnpZlze8G8-00130-00044978-00045178 porque ahora se encuentra trabajando 18 horas al día
xEnpZlze8G8-00131-00045216-00045416 es un servicio de llamada agendada
xEnpZlze8G8-00132-00045466-00045666 entonces no es por demanda
xEnpZlze8G8-00133-00045666-00045750 es algo así como:
xEnpZlze8G8-00134-00045772-00045996 necesito que me lleves al trabajo esta semana completa
xEnpZlze8G8-00135-00046006-00046206 necesito que lleves a mi madre a...
xEnpZlze8G8-00136-00046206-00046296 6 dias de esta semana
xEnpZlze8G8-00137-00046334-00046470 entonces ella quiere saber cómo hacer
xEnpZlze8G8-00138-00046470-00046638 para automatizar eso
xEnpZlze8G8-00139-00046690-00046890 your drivers right now are very loyal
xEnpZlze8G8-00140-00046990-00047054 very loyal
xEnpZlze8G8-00141-00047192-00047502 si tu administraras este negocio
xEnpZlze8G8-00142-00047502-00047700 desde hace 15 meses
xEnpZlze8G8-00143-00047700-00047818 y tienes 15 pilotos
xEnpZlze8G8-00144-00047960-00048160 están muy comprometidos
xEnpZlze8G8-00145-00048202-00048402 pero tu estas recibiendo las llamadas
xEnpZlze8G8-00146-00048502-00048702 a altas horas de la noche y muy poca ayuda
xEnpZlze8G8-00147-00048702-00048792 ¿Qué harías?
xEnpZlze8G8-00148-00048816-00048942 cómo planificarías los próximos
xEnpZlze8G8-00149-00048942-00049052 6 a 12 meses de tu negocio
xEnpZlze8G8-00150-00049052-00049222 para realmente ser el fundador
xEMMddNfsqE-00000-00000100-00000600 We met head coach Hang-seo Park who came to watch the Japan vs. Saudi Arabia game!
xEMMddNfsqE-00001-00001096-00001344 Q: You face Japan in the quarter-final.
xEMMddNfsqE-00002-00001352-00001936 A: Yes, we do. As you know, Japan is a strong champion candidate.
xEMMddNfsqE-00003-00001936-00002664 They are in a higher level than us, with players playing in Europe.
xEMMddNfsqE-00004-00002664-00003464 It won’t be easy, but let’s give it a shot! (laughs)
xEMMddNfsqE-00005-00003464-00003784 Q: But you won against them last time in the Asian Games!
xEMMddNfsqE-00006-00003784-00004072 A: That was under 22~. It’s different now.
xEMMddNfsqE-00007-00004072-00004344 Q: But Japan doesn’t hold the ball and control the game like they used to…
xEMMddNfsqE-00008-00004344-00004760 A: That was against Saudi Arabia. It will be different with us. (laughs again)
xEMMddNfsqE-00009-00004760-00005120 It’s a relative thing. Okay, I must go now.
xEMMddNfsqE-00010-00005120-00005528 (Okay. Please beat Japan, coach!)
xEMMddNfsqE-00011-00005528-00006040 (Coach Young-jin Lee) Korea should beat Japan, why do you ask us to beat it?
xEMMddNfsqE-00012-00006040-00006456 Q: A lot of people watched the Vietnam vs. Jordan game!
xEMMddNfsqE-00013-00006456-00006709 A: Oh… (pressure) What should we do? (laughs)
xEMMddNfsqE-00014-00006712-00007488 Q: Will it help you that you can rest one more day than Japan? A: Yes, it will. We’re going through two consecutive championships.
xEMMddNfsqE-00015-00007488-00007872 I was actually worried about the players’ physical status against Jordan,
xEMMddNfsqE-00016-00007872-00008560 but they played better than I expected.
xEMMddNfsqE-00017-00008900-00009200 Vietnam faces Japan in the quarter-final! We hope the best of luck for Park’s men!
xEZmQ04GwYU-00000-00000000-00000200 PART2- CAPACITY TO CONTRACT- INTERNATIONALPERSPECTIVE
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00000-00000070-00000614 Yoga has become extremely popular in recent times, but is actually an ancient practice
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00001-00000614-00001133 that has been vital to health and wellbeing in the Indian subcontinent for millenia.
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00002-00001133-00001551 In this video, we look at 5 ways Yoga can benefit you...
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00003-00001551-00001651 1.
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00004-00001651-00002245 Improve Flexibility, Strength and Posture - Doing Yoga everyday stretches and tones
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00005-00002245-00002638 your muscles, with postures such as the plank working the whole upper body
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00006-00002638-00003197 - These are simple exercises that will be accessible for most people to do and don't
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00007-00003197-00003620 require any specific equipment - With techniques outlined for beginners through
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00008-00003620-00004204 to advanced practitioners, you will grow and naturally see your body adjust over time
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00009-00004204-00004606 - All of which will help you feel more confident about yourself
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00010-00004606-00004860 2.
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00011-00004860-00005275 Increase Energy - Yoga is often practiced in conjunction with
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00012-00005275-00005879 meditation and meditative breathing techniques - Meaning that the combination of exercise,
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00013-00005879-00006294 breathing and relaxation can help give you an energy boost for the day ahead
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00014-00006294-00006877 - This is because Yoga is designed to awaken energy centres, of chakra, in the body
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00015-00006877-00007467 - ...and various poses, such as the cobra pose, are specifically designed to help your
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00016-00007467-00007703 intake of oxygen to help this process
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00017-00007703-00007939 3.
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00018-00007939-00008347 Reduce Stress - Yoga has been shown to greatly benefit people
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00019-00008347-00008586 sufferring with stress by helping to reduce stress
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00020-00008586-00009114 - This is because Yoga is made up of three key components used in combating stress, which
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00021-00009114-00009703 are exercise, breathing and meditation - It has also been shown people practicing
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00022-00009703-00010139 Yoga are better able to control their heart rate, thus keeping it lower
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00023-00010139-00010793 - Stress can also cause insomnia, which again, Yoga has been found to help people deal with
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00024-00010793-00010945 and get a good night's sleep
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00025-00010945-00011264 4.
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00026-00011264-00011686 Feel Happier - Interestingly, Yoga has been found to actually
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00027-00011686-00011977 help people feel happier and be emotionally stronger
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00028-00011977-00012664 - This is because doing Yoga, like any exercise, helps to increase Serotonin levels, the hormone
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00029-00012664-00013136 that makes you feel happier - So doing just 15 minutes of Yoga everyday
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00030-00013136-00013590 can significantly help your mental health - Studies have also shown that the brain's
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00031-00013590-00014209 gamma-aminobutyric levels are higher after practicing yoga, with GABA levels being associated
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00032-00014209-00014470 with lower levels of depression and anxiety
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00033-00014470-00014681 5.
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00034-00014681-00015190 Improve Concentration - To practice Yoga needs concentration, focus
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00035-00015190-00015740 and control in order to gain the most benefits - As you do poses, you also need to focus
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00036-00015740-00016243 on your breathing patterns, which serves to help your mind relax and take in more oxygen
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00037-00016243-00016903 - This will help you gain mental clarity, helping your memory and focus as a result
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00038-00016903-00017412 - By feeling more relaxed and less tense, we help to recall memories or thoughts more
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00039-00017412-00017834 easily, helping our mental cognition
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00040-00017834-00018375 Thanks for watching, please Like, Share and Subscribe as we help you live life on your
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00041-00018375-00018475 terms.
xHFnI1Dv2w0-00042-00018475-00018873 Don't forget to hit the bell icon to ensure YouTube notifies you of the latest uploads.
xLkdK34SgIE-00000-00001024-00001284 Hello, MDeaf here!
xLkdK34SgIE-00001-00001408-00001676 I know it's long
xLkdK34SgIE-00002-00001810-00002332 But, I came back with a video
xLkdK34SgIE-00003-00002378-00002738 It's crazy gameplay
xLkdK34SgIE-00004-00002752-00002920 on Modern Warfare
xLkdK34SgIE-00005-00003190-00003642 So, I had 95 kills
xLkdK34SgIE-00006-00003761-00003946 95 KILLS.
xLkdK34SgIE-00007-00004106-00004388 on Shipment
xLkdK34SgIE-00008-00004496-00005526 So, I was grinding for platinum camo
xLkdK34SgIE-00009-00005652-00006631 So, I had crazy gameplay, I can't wait to show that
xLkdK34SgIE-00010-00006772-00007536 So I was grinding with PP19 Bizon
xLkdK34SgIE-00011-00007586-00007720 Good gun
xLkdK34SgIE-00012-00007980-00008708 Always use that gun on shipment map
xLkdK34SgIE-00013-00008746-00008846 Do that!
xLkdK34SgIE-00014-00008902-00009018 That's crazy
xLkdK34SgIE-00015-00009060-00009918 Well, we lost but it's still crazy
xLkdK34SgIE-00016-00010134-00010308 So, enjoy!
xLkdK34SgIE-00017-00075698-00076136 GG!
xPli4ThJw6Q-00000-00000422-00001011 The teachings are not to be explained
xPli4ThJw6Q-00001-00001011-00001460 The real meaning of teachings are to be experienced
xPli4ThJw6Q-00002-00001460-00001782 Now what constitutes a teaching?
xPli4ThJw6Q-00003-00001782-00002310 A teaching is not only a verbalization of thought,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00004-00002310-00003142 but a true teaching is to give the pupil the experience
xPli4ThJw6Q-00005-00003142-00003647 What makes this leaf grow?
xPli4ThJw6Q-00006-00003724-00004186 Is the Sun?, is the air?,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00007-00004186-00004758 is the water? is the fertilizer?
xPli4ThJw6Q-00008-00004758-00005102 There is something else that makes it grow
xPli4ThJw6Q-00009-00005102-00005560 and this very growing has no language,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00010-00005560-00005894 it cannot be verbalized
xPli4ThJw6Q-00011-00005894-00006396 To make people understand what we're talking about
xPli4ThJw6Q-00012-00006396-00007414 you have to verbalize, the things that are not or that cannot be verbalized
xPli4ThJw6Q-00013-00007414-00007984 Man in this world suffers of misery
xPli4ThJw6Q-00014-00007984-00008314 One thought pools in this direction,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00015-00008314-00008610 another thought pulls in the other direction,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00016-00008610-00008850 one north, one south...
xPli4ThJw6Q-00017-00008850-00009222 So what man requires in today's world
xPli4ThJw6Q-00018-00009222-00009474 is integration
xPli4ThJw6Q-00019-00009474-00009840 where he can function in totality
xPli4ThJw6Q-00020-00009840-00010144 with this mind body and spirit
xPli4ThJw6Q-00021-00010144-00010758 And this is so easily achieved, this very leaf achieves it
xPli4ThJw6Q-00022-00010758-00011220 And, why can't you as a thinking being achieve it?
xPli4ThJw6Q-00023-00011220-00011438 Is because you think
xPli4ThJw6Q-00024-00011438-00011778 There is only one mind which is a container
xPli4ThJw6Q-00025-00011778-00012234 of all the knowledge since creation began
xPli4ThJw6Q-00026-00012234-00013130 And by having the totality of your personality integrated
xPli4ThJw6Q-00027-00013130-00013480 you bring that great awareness
xPli4ThJw6Q-00028-00013480-00014206 this beautiful awareness of universality
xPli4ThJw6Q-00029-00014206-00014434 which is God
xPli4ThJw6Q-00030-00014434-00014936 If you teach to people through all your various
xPli4ThJw6Q-00031-00014936-00015368 churches and synagogues and temples
xPli4ThJw6Q-00032-00015368-00015730 that God is omnipresent
xPli4ThJw6Q-00033-00015730-00016236 and he is present everywhere, in every cell of your body
xPli4ThJw6Q-00034-00016526-00016794 Why do you not know this?
xPli4ThJw6Q-00035-00016794-00017016 Why do you not recognize this?
xPli4ThJw6Q-00036-00017016-00017746 Why don't you realize this universality that you are?
xPli4ThJw6Q-00037-00017746-00018046 The answer so simple
xPli4ThJw6Q-00038-00018046-00018774 You live a fragmented life and you want integration
xPli4ThJw6Q-00039-00018774-00019216 What are you seeking for?
xPli4ThJw6Q-00040-00019216-00019576 What are you seeking for, my friends?
xPli4ThJw6Q-00041-00019576-00019854 You are seeking for happiness,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00042-00019854-00020160 you're seeking for joy,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00043-00020160-00020372 you're seeking for peace,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00044-00020372-00020792 your seeking for tranquility
xPli4ThJw6Q-00045-00020792-00021364 Where the mind is so stilled
xPli4ThJw6Q-00046-00021364-00021768 and in that stilness you know...
xPli4ThJw6Q-00047-00021768-00022104 be still
xPli4ThJw6Q-00048-00022104-00022514 and know that I'm God
xPli4ThJw6Q-00049-00022514-00023152 That is man's quest to find the reality within himself,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00050-00023152-00023446 for all this you see around you,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00051-00023446-00023816 could you prove to mee that is real?
xPli4ThJw6Q-00052-00023816-00024358 It is real to the senses within you
xPli4ThJw6Q-00053-00024358-00024910 You touch, you taste, you smell...
xPli4ThJw6Q-00054-00025110-00025833 So your exploration of life is totally limited to your senses
xPli4ThJw6Q-00055-00025833-00026268 and the small conscious mind interprets
xPli4ThJw6Q-00056-00026268-00026608 the value of your senses only
xPli4ThJw6Q-00057-00026608-00027006 and that is why you suffer
xPli4ThJw6Q-00058-00027006-00027802 Because the senses are always at variance with each other
xPli4ThJw6Q-00059-00027802-00028156 If divinity is omnipresent,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00060-00028156-00028508 why do you allow...
xPli4ThJw6Q-00061-00028508-00028902 Why do you allow this fragmentation?, for God's sake
xPli4ThJw6Q-00062-00028902-00029038 Damn it!
xPli4ThJw6Q-00063-00029038-00029210 Why?
xPli4ThJw6Q-00064-00029416-00030186 Go through this misery with churches talk of as eternal damnation
xPli4ThJw6Q-00065-00030186-00030404 There is eternal joy
xPli4ThJw6Q-00066-00030404-00030682 There is no eternal damnation
xPli4ThJw6Q-00067-00030682-00031016 But realize this:
xPli4ThJw6Q-00068-00031016-00031345 It is like food which you eat,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00069-00031345-00031662 it has to be digested but that's not enough
xPli4ThJw6Q-00070-00031662-00032310 It has to be assimilated in each and every pore,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00071-00032310-00032626 in each and every cell of your body,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00072-00032626-00033090 and it is nothing new that you're doing
xPli4ThJw6Q-00073-00033322-00033608 It is nothing new that you're doing
xPli4ThJw6Q-00074-00033608-00033982 Every word I speak to you about,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00075-00033982-00034272 comes from personal experience
xPli4ThJw6Q-00076-00034272-00034862 through traveling through the Himalayas for years, and years, and years..,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00077-00034862-00035318 running away from home at the age of four seeking for God
xPli4ThJw6Q-00078-00035318-00035832 and the search was the all the time
xPli4ThJw6Q-00079-00035832-00036438 And then searching all of, like a musk deer
xPli4ThJw6Q-00080-00036438-00036978 it ran, and ran, and ran all over..,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00081-00036978-00037166 all over...
xPli4ThJw6Q-00082-00037166-00037832 and could not find the source of the scent
xPli4ThJw6Q-00083-00037832-00038140 And yet when it was exhausted
xPli4ThJw6Q-00084-00038140-00038980 it found that the musk contained his own navel
xPli4ThJw6Q-00085-00038980-00039448 That is where the fragrance come from
xPli4ThJw6Q-00086-00039448-00040320 the musk perfume from the navel of the musk deer
xPli4ThJw6Q-00087-00040320-00040610 That fragrance is within you,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00088-00040610-00040976 which we call the kingdom of God
xPli4ThJw6Q-00089-00040976-00041326 seek first the kingdom of God
xPli4ThJw6Q-00090-00041326-00041692 and all else is added unto you
xPli4ThJw6Q-00091-00041692-00042074 But what are we doing in reality?
xPli4ThJw6Q-00092-00042074-00042665 We are seeking all that is to be added on  and not seeking your source
xPli4ThJw6Q-00093-00042665-00043202 For the fragrance of that flower never fades
xPli4ThJw6Q-00094-00043202-00043450 This eternal..,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00095-00043450-00043964 The eternal flower forever blooming, blooming, blooming,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00096-00043964-00044364 and as it blooms more, and more, and more,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00097-00044364-00045060 the fragrance in your life becomes more and more
xPli4ThJw6Q-00098-00045060-00045328 That is what you need,
xPli4ThJw6Q-00099-00045328-00045680 that is what you need
xQxakwyg7Fk-00000-00001073-00001340 Comrade Kim Jong Il
xQxakwyg7Fk-00001-00001750-00002071 Comrade Kim Jong Il
xQxakwyg7Fk-00002-00002071-00002407 Our country cannot exist
xQxakwyg7Fk-00003-00002407-00002643 without you!
xQxakwyg7Fk-00004-00003084-00003444 You pushed away
xQxakwyg7Fk-00005-00003444-00003762 the severe storm
xQxakwyg7Fk-00006-00003762-00004106 You made us believe,
xQxakwyg7Fk-00007-00004106-00004446 comrade Kim Jong Il
xQxakwyg7Fk-00008-00004449-00004747 We cannot live
xQxakwyg7Fk-00009-00004747-00005043 without you
xQxakwyg7Fk-00010-00005044-00005351 Our country cannot exist
xQxakwyg7Fk-00011-00005351-00005679 without you
xQxakwyg7Fk-00012-00005681-00005978 Not without you!
xQxakwyg7Fk-00013-00006106-00006386 Our future and hope
xQxakwyg7Fk-00014-00006386-00006703 depends on you
xQxakwyg7Fk-00015-00006703-00007128 People's fates depends on you,
xQxakwyg7Fk-00016-00007128-00007404 comrade Kim Jong Il
xQxakwyg7Fk-00017-00007405-00007712 We cannot live
xQxakwyg7Fk-00018-00007712-00008086 without you
xQxakwyg7Fk-00019-00008086-00008426 Our country cannot exist
xQxakwyg7Fk-00020-00008426-00008791 without you
xQxakwyg7Fk-00021-00008969-00009455 Our comrade Kim Jong Il
xQxakwyg7Fk-00022-00009455-00009784 Our country cannot exist
xQxakwyg7Fk-00023-00009784-00010020 without you
xQxakwyg7Fk-00024-00011449-00011817 Even if the world changes
xQxakwyg7Fk-00025-00011817-00012131 hundreds of times
xQxakwyg7Fk-00026-00012131-00012473 People believe in you,
xQxakwyg7Fk-00027-00012473-00012843 comrade Kim Jong Il
xQxakwyg7Fk-00028-00012843-00013121 We cannot live
xQxakwyg7Fk-00029-00013121-00013457 without you
xQxakwyg7Fk-00030-00013459-00013808 Our country cannot exist
xQxakwyg7Fk-00031-00013808-00014151 without you
xQxakwyg7Fk-00032-00014309-00014773 Our comrade Kim Jong Il
xQxakwyg7Fk-00033-00014773-00015101 Our country cannot exist
xQxakwyg7Fk-00034-00015101-00015562 without you
xQxakwyg7Fk-00035-00015562-00016509 Not without you!
xRGltiaPupA-00000-00000014-00000483 You have problems with learning Charge or can’t figure out how to do it continuously?
xRGltiaPupA-00001-00000483-00001338 This video will show you an easy and very efficient way to deal with this tough trick.
xRGltiaPupA-00002-00001338-00002191 Hello, spinner!
xRGltiaPupA-00003-00002191-00002696 You are on Pen Stock and today I will show you a very good way to learn Charge, it is
xRGltiaPupA-00004-00002696-00003241 not the same way, as I showed in my previous video tutorial, if you haven’t watched it
xRGltiaPupA-00005-00003241-00003654 – click on card or find link to that video in a description under this video.
xRGltiaPupA-00006-00003654-00004080 Watch it as well, it is always better to know different ways of learning new tricks in Pen
xRGltiaPupA-00007-00004080-00004382 Spinning to find out which fits you more.
xRGltiaPupA-00008-00004382-00004884 But this method is a good way to prepare for Charge Continuous, which I will show you in
xRGltiaPupA-00009-00004884-00005051 the second part of this video.
xRGltiaPupA-00010-00005051-00005636 So, as you should already know, Charge is a fundamental trick in Pen Spinning, it looks
xRGltiaPupA-00011-00005636-00005978 like this and can be done continuously, like this.
xRGltiaPupA-00012-00005978-00006776 To learn it you’d better have pretty long mod with a good momentum – so heavy ones,
xRGltiaPupA-00013-00006776-00007223 like Everchix Emboss, for example, would fit you just fine.
xRGltiaPupA-00014-00007223-00007664 It is also good, because of having marked center, so you can control position of your
xRGltiaPupA-00015-00007664-00007778 mod in a slot.
xRGltiaPupA-00016-00007778-00007950 But about that – later.
xRGltiaPupA-00017-00007950-00008615 Take your mod in slot 12 or 23 – whichever you think would be easier to learn in – it
xRGltiaPupA-00018-00008615-00008949 doesn’t matter, I will show you the trick in 12.
xRGltiaPupA-00019-00008949-00009665 So, take your mod in 12 – between Index and Middle fingers – at its center of gravity.
xRGltiaPupA-00020-00009665-00010059 As you use balanced Double Capped mod, it should be its center.
xRGltiaPupA-00021-00010059-00010603 Don’t tense your fingers, keep them relaxed, just make sure your mod doesn’t fall out
xRGltiaPupA-00022-00010603-00011210 of a slot, at the same time it should move freely while you sway your hand.
xRGltiaPupA-00023-00011210-00011931 Now fold your fingers like that and place Index a bit above other fingers behind Middle,
xRGltiaPupA-00024-00011931-00012564 so one of tips of your mod, the one, which looks at you, would look up with an angle
xRGltiaPupA-00025-00012564-00012697 towards to Thumb.
xRGltiaPupA-00026-00012697-00013162 Thumb is up, behind pen mod, it should not interfere pen’s movement.
xRGltiaPupA-00027-00013162-00013716 Now straighten all fingers pretty fast, you need to straighten Middle faster, than Index.
xRGltiaPupA-00028-00013716-00014697 Index will be placed a little bit in front of Middle.
xRGltiaPupA-00029-00014697-00015209 And then move Index above Middle again, so it would be a bit behind Middle at the same
xRGltiaPupA-00030-00015209-00016480 time shifting position of your Middle very slightly, after that return them in line.
xRGltiaPupA-00031-00016480-00016847 So without a pen mod the movement would look like this.
xRGltiaPupA-00032-00016847-00017770 AS you can see I move Index and Middle synchronously.
xRGltiaPupA-00033-00017770-00018231 Just remember to keep your fingers pretty much relaxed and focus on circle motion of
xRGltiaPupA-00034-00018231-00018331 your mod.
xRGltiaPupA-00035-00018331-00018851 Repeat this movement for as long as you need to be able to keep mod moving in circle as
xRGltiaPupA-00036-00018851-00019318 close to your palm as it is possible.
xRGltiaPupA-00037-00019318-00020381 I mean this angle should be really sharp and sharpness of angle is going to depend on how
xRGltiaPupA-00038-00020381-00020777 far you move Index in front and behind Middle.
xRGltiaPupA-00039-00020777-00021206 Alright, now I will show you how to spin a pen doing Charge Continuous, but before that
xRGltiaPupA-00040-00021206-00021743 – make sure you have joined to our Discord Server to keep in touch with our little, but
xRGltiaPupA-00041-00021743-00022234 very friendly community, where you can meet pen spinners from all over the world, link
xRGltiaPupA-00042-00022234-00022671 in the description, and also – make sure you have shared this video with beginners,
xRGltiaPupA-00043-00022671-00022926 when you see them crying for help with Charge.
xRGltiaPupA-00044-00022926-00023589 So, you have learnt how to do one revolution of Charge, but it is not enough, as you think,
xRGltiaPupA-00045-00023589-00024154 of course, in fact, you won’t use Charge Continuous much, after you’d go further
xRGltiaPupA-00046-00024154-00024875 in Pen Spinning, but at the beginning – yeah, it looks sweet, something to show off.
xRGltiaPupA-00047-00024875-00025267 When you will learn it people would think that you are a drummer, lol.
xRGltiaPupA-00048-00025267-00025957 So, after you make first circle motion, instead of returning pen and fingers to initial position,
xRGltiaPupA-00049-00025957-00026422 continue to move them, you need to bend and straighten Middle a little and move Index
xRGltiaPupA-00050-00026422-00026522 as well.
xRGltiaPupA-00051-00026522-00026735 You need to learn how to do 2 circles now.
xRGltiaPupA-00052-00026735-00027277 For the first move you bent your fingers pretty much, now you need to do similar movement,
xRGltiaPupA-00053-00027277-00027670 but with a smaller amplitude.
xRGltiaPupA-00054-00027670-00028167 It is going to take you some time, but keep on practicing till you can make 2 Charges
xRGltiaPupA-00055-00028167-00028445 and after that just add another one – third.
xRGltiaPupA-00056-00028445-00028782 Then forth, etc etc.
xRGltiaPupA-00057-00028782-00029220 First you need to learn it, adding Charges one by one, than you can begin to try to make
xRGltiaPupA-00058-00029220-00029388 Charge Continuously.
xRGltiaPupA-00059-00029388-00029882 During this trick you will need to focus on your Middle, or Ring, whatever finger is under
xRGltiaPupA-00060-00029882-00029986 a pen mod.
xRGltiaPupA-00061-00029986-00030467 Doing continuous Charge this finger should move with bigger amplitude than the one, which
xRGltiaPupA-00062-00030467-00030567 is above.
xRGltiaPupA-00063-00030567-00031132 At this step you don’t bend your fingers much, Index doesn’t go in front and behind
xRGltiaPupA-00064-00031132-00031232 Middle.
xRGltiaPupA-00065-00031232-00031494 You focus on keeping mod in slot holding it by its center.
xRGltiaPupA-00066-00031494-00031779 That’s when marked center would come in handy.
xRGltiaPupA-00067-00031779-00032102 Because it is the most important and difficult part of Charge Continuous.
xRGltiaPupA-00068-00032102-00032641 You will see, that your pen mod always tries to shift in slot and this shifting is what
xRGltiaPupA-00069-00032641-00033207 you desperately need to avoid, as it is going to slow down movement and eventually ruin
xRGltiaPupA-00070-00033207-00033307 the trick.
xRGltiaPupA-00071-00033307-00033528 How do you keep mod in right position?
xRGltiaPupA-00072-00033528-00033765 By loosening grip of your fingers.
xRGltiaPupA-00073-00033765-00034204 When you see that your pen mod begins to slide to the outer side of your hand – spin it
xRGltiaPupA-00074-00034204-00034669 till it gets up at that side and loosen fingers, so it could drop down.
xRGltiaPupA-00075-00034669-00035147 When you see, that it slides to palm – loosen them when it is up from inner side of your
xRGltiaPupA-00076-00035147-00035247 hand.
xRGltiaPupA-00077-00035247-00035391 This way you can adjust holding of your pen mod, but be careful, make these adjustments
xRGltiaPupA-00078-00035391-00036672 slightly, don’t loosen fingers for too long and catch pen mod when its center is in slot.
xRGltiaPupA-00079-00036672-00037162 You will also see, that during these adjustments your mod would like bounce in slot, in most
xRGltiaPupA-00080-00037162-00037766 cases loosening is going to happen by means of Index finger’s movement up and down – away
xRGltiaPupA-00081-00037766-00037933 from Middle and closer to it.
xRGltiaPupA-00082-00037933-00038187 That’s where this feeling of bouncing comes from.
xRGltiaPupA-00083-00038187-00038688 Part of the time pen mod would spin on Middle finger more than in slot, till you return
xRGltiaPupA-00084-00038688-00038896 it back, where it should be placed.
xRGltiaPupA-00085-00038896-00041287 And your Index will hit it from different sides, trying to keep it in balance on Middle.
xRGltiaPupA-00086-00041287-00041756 Practice it, don’t complain, that you can’t keep mod in slot holding it by its center.
xRGltiaPupA-00087-00041756-00042204 I wish you good luck with this trick, it is pretty hard and mastering it will take you
xRGltiaPupA-00088-00042204-00042407 long time of practicing.
xRGltiaPupA-00089-00042407-00043132 But when you will be able – let us know how long it took you.
xRGltiaPupA-00090-00043132-00043516 I am Alex Sukhov, May The Style Be With You, Bye!
xROeYpuxeD8-00000-00001104-00001560 now check this out i know a lot of people are going to have a bias in siding on beerus for this
xROeYpuxeD8-00001-00001560-00002080 one but what if we actually saw ultra eagle vegeta go all out against beerus in a battle of sheer
xROeYpuxeD8-00002-00002080-00002472 determination to kind of see where vegeta falls in this so what i wanted to ask you guys down
xROeYpuxeD8-00003-00002472-00002920 in the comment section below are three specific things number one do you guys honestly believe
xROeYpuxeD8-00004-00002920-00003392 by comparison to super saiyan blue evolution that vegeta now would stand a much better chance
xROeYpuxeD8-00005-00003392-00003928 against beerus than how he did before and my other two questions are number one fan manga idea beerus
xROeYpuxeD8-00006-00003928-00004488 versus ue vegeta and if we do end up doing that do you want to see vegeta actually beat beerus
xROeYpuxeD8-00007-00004488-00004992 or do you guys want to see beerus actually beat vegeta because if i have it to where vegeta ends
xROeYpuxeD8-00008-00004992-00005504 up beating beerus a lot of people are going to be so pissed off only because they're going to
xROeYpuxeD8-00009-00005504-00006032 say that it doesn't make any sense but if i have beerus beat vegeta then it's just due to sheer
xROeYpuxeD8-00010-00006032-00006623 plot armor right so for the other two questions of course fan manga and sprite animation i am just
xROeYpuxeD8-00011-00006623-00007184 destroying this dude so i was thinking about maybe doing a sprite animation to where vegeta wins
xROeYpuxeD8-00012-00007248-00007736 and in the manga i would have it to where beerus wins and the reason for that is because i want
xROeYpuxeD8-00013-00007736-00008264 to kind of demonstrate this idea in the manga where vegeta comes close to kind of
xROeYpuxeD8-00014-00008264-00008712 rivaling him or doing something of the sorts to where he gets the better of beerus but
xROeYpuxeD8-00015-00008712-00009152 with beerus being beerus he actually ends up beating vegeta but it's not really
xROeYpuxeD8-00016-00009152-00009536 as easy as one would imagine right so that's just me and i don't know maybe you guys want
xROeYpuxeD8-00017-00009536-00010016 me to switch that around and give beerus the victory in the sprite animation whereas in
xROeYpuxeD8-00018-00010016-00010472 the fan manga vegeta gets the victory so for the main channel that's exactly what we're gonna do so
xROeYpuxeD8-00019-00010472-00010904 let me see if i can actually get the better of vegeta because i know that for this iso
xROeYpuxeD8-00020-00010904-00011416 the mods are extremely balanced and whereas in the others like they're kind of not so in the comment
xROeYpuxeD8-00021-00011416-00011968 section below let me know who wins let's just say if we did have beerus vs ultra eagle vegeta are
xROeYpuxeD8-00022-00011968-00012584 you guys standing vegeta on this one or are you guys standing beerus because if it were not for
xROeYpuxeD8-00023-00012584-00013047 the goalpost being moved then beerus would have been surpassed you know what i mean like that's
xROeYpuxeD8-00024-00013047-00013616 always been the narrative you know placed forward but just like i guess many people would expect
xROeYpuxeD8-00025-00013616-00014056 this right here would be vegeta's fate i'm sorry let me go ahead and just can we get to 120 there
xROeYpuxeD8-00026-00014056-00014608 we go 120 hit combo that's it listen homeboy is done and what i want to do to kind of finish him
xROeYpuxeD8-00027-00014608-00015184 off is i want to see if i am able to hakai him it only makes sense like you know what i mean
xROeYpuxeD8-00028-00015184-00015584 i don't think that it gets any more you know gruesome than just hakkaing him because
xROeYpuxeD8-00029-00015647-00016144 in the manga adaptations when beerus fought vegeta he embarrassed him and i don't think that he would
xROeYpuxeD8-00030-00016144-00016584 embarrass him like that again maybe you guys might disagree and say oh yeah definitely beerus would
xROeYpuxeD8-00031-00016584-00017080 just embarrass him i don't see that as being the case but that's right vegeta sphere of destruction
xROeYpuxeD8-00032-00017080-00017456 oh we destroyed the entire planet too okay that's that's pretty cool let me know if you guys also
xROeYpuxeD8-00033-00017456-00017936 want to see a rematch i think that's always something that we're open and doing but there's
xROeYpuxeD8-00034-00017936-00018432 no way i want to power up to my max power and i want to see if i can actually [__] homeboy by
xROeYpuxeD8-00035-00018432-00018952 oh oh that's not good let me see hakai oh wait he got me okay never mind all right so now from what
xROeYpuxeD8-00036-00018952-00019408 i'm seeing oh i'm gonna have to get away from him hold on i have to get away from him because
xROeYpuxeD8-00037-00019408-00020008 vegeta from what it looks like oh he's doing it again that's not good hold on my my life span
xROeYpuxeD8-00038-00020008-00020616 okay my health bars are dropping i don't want that to be the case it's over vegeta it's done sphere
xROeYpuxeD8-00039-00020616-00021184 of destruction it is over beerus wins a rematch yay or nay let me know in the comment section
xROeYpuxeD8-00040-00021184-00022584 below because not for nothing that was that was fun that was a really good one not gonna lie
xSqcsVy1FQI-00000-00000592-00001176 So I came from being a person who never really interacts with society I was quite a isolated
xSqcsVy1FQI-00001-00001176-00002000 individual uh very muted not really interacting at all I've never done any online um you know talks
xSqcsVy1FQI-00002-00002080-00002760 um and this gave me an opportunity to be able to go for the first time ever and speak with other
xSqcsVy1FQI-00003-00002760-00003368 people I mean obviously online was a massive asset because I'd never really been able to
xSqcsVy1FQI-00004-00003368-00003840 walk into rooms and talk in front of people so this has been almost two years of training
xSqcsVy1FQI-00005-00003840-00004400 doing online workshops interacting with people online has given me a whole new lease of life and
xSqcsVy1FQI-00006-00004488-00005008 yeah the positives are the the list is endless if I'm really honest so
xSqcsVy1FQI-00007-00005072-00005568 you know really for me as a as a person you know my individual experience as a
xSqcsVy1FQI-00008-00005568-00006184 co-production has been very rewarding very promising for the future and it's also given
xSqcsVy1FQI-00009-00006184-00006808 me something you know a purpose which I lost my purpose at the beginning of all of this so
xSqcsVy1FQI-00010-00006864-00007328 again it's something tangible you can take out of what you've done and the little changes
xSqcsVy1FQI-00011-00007328-00008304 you've made can actually really be very rewarding for me you know as an individual
xbg268JkhlA-00000-00000000-00000240 - There they come.	- Who? - There they come.	- Who?
xbg268JkhlA-00001-00000250-00000550 - There comes the knife. 	- A A. - There comes the lever.	- A A.
xbg268JkhlA-00002-00000600-00000750 - The knife and the lever.	-A A.
xbg268JkhlA-00003-00000800-00001150 - It goes up to my head.	- A A. - It goes down to my shoulders.   - A A.
xbg268JkhlA-00004-00001160-00001500 - It goes down to my waist. 	- A A. - It goes down to my waist. 	- A A.
xbg268JkhlA-00005-00001550-00001900 - It goes down to my waist. 	- A A. - It goes down to my knees.	- A A.
xbg268JkhlA-00006-00001910-00002350 - It goes to my feet.	- A A. - And...	- it wiggles.
xbg268JkhlA-00007-00002400-00002800 - And...	- it wiggles. - And...	- it wiggles.
xbg268JkhlA-00008-00002900-00003400 Raise your hand if you tell your mom and dad that you love them.
xbg268JkhlA-00009-00003500-00003700 How often do you say it?
xbg268JkhlA-00010-00003800-00004000 Every day.
xbg268JkhlA-00011-00004050-00004350 You say it every day. 
xbg268JkhlA-00012-00004360-00004650 And what does your mom or dad replies when you say that you love them?
xbg268JkhlA-00013-00004660-00004900 That they love us as well. 
xbg268JkhlA-00014-00004910-00005150 Come out of bed children! Time to get up.
xbg268JkhlA-00015-00005400-00005600 Time to get up children!
xbg268JkhlA-00016-00005750-00006050 Don't you hear me. Get up!
xbg268JkhlA-00017-00006100-00006500 Get up. Get up.
xbg268JkhlA-00018-00006550-00007000 Get to work. Do something. Go!
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00000-00000000-00000420 ladies and gentlemen we have some of the craziest news where Handa is this company working with
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00001-00000420-00000816 alien technology in Nevada drop a thumbs up subscribe if you're new Reserve Congress are
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00002-00000816-00001374 hot on the trail of UFO Secrets reportedly held by the Pentagon including allegations that alien
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00003-00001374-00001872 materials are being stashed and studied by Aerospace contractors the fact that Pentagon
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00004-00001872-00002376 recently came on and decided that they have uh capture unearthly vehicles that was massive I'm
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00005-00002376-00002856 not seeing many people talk about it now at least one prominent defense contractor is letting it
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00006-00002856-00003474 be known that it is actively seeking government contracts that might involve UFO technology George
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00007-00003474-00004098 Knapp has our exclusive story what George Knapp you're one in the chat if you know Georgetown
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00008-00004098-00004794 for those that do not know Georgetown initially the biggest story he broke was with Bob Lazar of
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00009-00004794-00005508 Area 51 like all those years back and he's back after all this time tucked somewhere in the vast
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00010-00005508-00006018 Nellis Air Force complex a private defense contractor is working on weapons Tech that
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00011-00006018-00006498 may or may not ever see the light of day that same contractor has an office inside
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00012-00006498-00007223 Wright-Patterson Air Base home to the military's original UFO investigations with 20 offices in 17
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00013-00007223-00007866 States Radiance Technologies has quietly become a major player in developing Cutting Edge weapons
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00014-00007866-00008532 and systems for the Pentagon but unlike some of its larger competitors bruh my man aliens
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00015-00008532-00009066 would be like we need to help save Humanity let's actually make sure that humans don't destroy their
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00016-00009066-00009780 own race meanwhile humans let's actually take the alien technology and recognize that I mean my God
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00017-00009780-00010782 doesn't shy away from a topic long considered Fringe or forbidden UFOs if somebody had a UFO
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00018-00010782-00011214 and wanted to take it apart to figure out how it worked you'd accept that content oh sure yeah
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00019-00011214-00011880 absolutely why not all right I'm waiting for one of those Yeah Tim Tinsley is an engineer
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00020-00011880-00012348 who spent two decades working on missile defense systems before he joined Radiance
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00021-00012348-00012918 unlike behemoths such as Lockheed or Northrop Radiance is entirely owned by itself employees
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00022-00012918-00013434 Tinsley Rose to become president of the company which has its home base in Huntsville Alabama
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00023-00013434-00014280 WWL Emma also known as Rocket City whether in Las Vegas and San Antonio Dayton Ohio or or Huntsville
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00024-00014280-00015119 it doesn't matter you know the idea there is we have a course it matters bro it matters there
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00025-00015119-00015690 was through the the company so we have a hundred and five thousand square feet of facility here uh
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00026-00015690-00016194 so it's a uh you know made up of Laboratories classified and unclassified but what exactly
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00027-00016194-00016782 does Radiance do there are hints on its website of exotic defense technology such as Star Wars
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00028-00016782-00017520 like direct energy weapons Hypersonic missiles what Star Wars like and if I'm not mistaken
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00029-00017520-00018216 I wasn't meant to play that if I'm not Mr how many of you have seen Bulbasaur's interview the
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00030-00018216-00018786 original one the other ones he did and especially specifically the one with Joe Rogan if you have
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00031-00018786-00019254 not I highly encourage you to do that because he was also talking about he was bringing the
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00032-00019254-00019848 point like everything that you see in sci-fi Star Wars like we're actually getting there
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00033-00019848-00020370 like in the real world and I mean now we're actually hearing about this situation I don't
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00034-00020370-00020886 know man that's kind of wild systems to defend against cyber warfare and who knows what else
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00035-00021114-00021762 Air Force Base I can't tell you a lot right but what I can tell you is that we've supported the
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00036-00021762-00022458 Las Vegas Community Nellis Air Force Base for over 20 years and you know a lot of the work we do is
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00037-00022458-00023244 mostly for the air force of course but it resides in that rd-t and E the research development test
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00038-00023244-00023820 and evaluation Spectrum as Tinsley knows Nellis is one of the places rumored to house mysterious
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00039-00023820-00024414 materials of Unknown Origin wrong that's what the government would say the story first reported by
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00040-00024414-00025050 us more than three decades that's Bob that's Bob that's Bob that's Bob that's Bob Lazar the man
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00041-00025050-00025752 that apparently allegedly worked on the aliens craft the UFOs when he was uh I'm not sure how
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00042-00025752-00026477 long uh you know I mean but but it's been years and the fact that he still remains to the point
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00043-00026477-00026964 where he always whenever you interviewed this guy this guy is not like selling books or anything
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00044-00026964-00027522 like that right but whenever he's in an interview he would still say the same thing over and over
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00045-00027522-00028026 and wouldn't change the story after all this time which tells me that he's genuine man to
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00046-00028026-00028680 go is that a super secret program housed in or near Nevada's Area 51 military base has
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00047-00028680-00029292 been trying to reverse engineer alien technology that story spread all over the world but has been
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00048-00029292-00029886 dismissed as mere folklore by military agencies and defense contractors now however Congress
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00049-00029886-00030420 is nosing around key committees have received closed-door briefings alleging the rumors are
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00050-00030420-00030936 true and legislation is pending to encourage whistleblowers to step forward and tell what
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00051-00030936-00031620 they know about Crash man recently there was an Israeli I believe uh higher-up that came up that's
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00052-00031620-00032268 not the Galactic Federation is real that's his words I'm not sure about this one and it was it
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00053-00032268-00032826 was actually wild because it was a real really high rep guy we haven't had any update on that
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00054-00032826-00033348 but he said that Galactic Federation is real and the aliens say that that humans are not ready yet
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00055-00033348-00033900 for what I'm not sure I'm assuming probably like to make contact the first Contact yeah
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00056-00033900-00034506 man it's actually wild like this is fascinating stuff whether you believe it or not pretty sure
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00057-00034506-00035010 a lot of what would be false Incorrect and fake stuff as well a lot of would be just uh whatever
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00058-00035010-00035598 but I feel like there's some truth to that there is uh some stuff that is actually legit saucers
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00059-00035598-00036186 Radiance isn't able to confirm the allegations but the company has positioned itself just in case
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00060-00036186-00036828 months ago it announced the hiring of a reverse engineering specialist long-time Navy intelligence
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00061-00036828-00037518 official Jay Stratton formerly the head of the pentagon's UAP or UFO task force Stratton
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00062-00037518-00038004 urged Radiance to hire Dr Travis Taylor who worked with Stratton as the chief scientist
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00063-00038004-00038574 for the UAP task force when Radiance announced the hiring of the two Veterans of UFO research
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00064-00038574-00039168 its news releases pointedly mentioned their UFO credentials man okay I would say and those of
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00065-00039168-00039702 you that are not familiar with skin walker Ranch get yourself familiar with that I actually did
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00066-00039702-00040452 end up watching Mr ballon video just YouTube Mr Bellin after this Mr ballon skin walker just Mr
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00067-00040452-00041100 balancekin Walker and watch that video because it's one of those stories that is really just
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00068-00041100-00041802 fascinating because there was a billionaire uh I forgot his name that got his scientist the
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00069-00041802-00042462 real world Story by the way not a fiction not like anything like that got billionaire got scientists
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00070-00042462-00043014 involved they lived there for a couple of years and they have documented and have witnessed some
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00071-00043014-00043788 real bizarre stuff with like uh a little bit of like portal stuff alien stuff weird creatures
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00072-00043788-00044496 there's a whole lot of teleportation kind of stuff in there too as well and a lot of really
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00073-00044496-00045096 bizarre stories that will surely even if you don't want to believe it uh it will entertain you first
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00074-00045096-00045630 fall and secondly if you are open to the idea it will be really fascinating
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00075-00045738-00046266 not worried about that it creates a perception of you as a company that is reverse engineering
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00076-00046266-00046932 UFOs or something uh no no we provide customer Solutions so whatever our customers wrong that's
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00077-00046932-00047616 fake cast to work on and support them that's what we'll do astrophysicist Travis Taylor won't say
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00078-00047616-00048156 what he and Stratton are working on but made it clear what they hope to tackle Jay and I
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00079-00048156-00048948 are working on growing the capabilities of doing reverse engineering of of foreign materials and
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00080-00048948-00049458 so on is that makes it when you say foreign do you really mean like alien technology or foreign
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00081-00049458-00049998 as in like other country technology because when you say foreign I'm assuming they mean
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00082-00049998-00050520 alien technology but these are the terms right like are we really at a point where we're just
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00083-00050520-00050952 talking about this officially which is I mean I'm all up for this man I'm all up for the fact that
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00084-00050952-00051708 mainstream media is now covering news like that that actually brings me a lot of comfort that
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00085-00051708-00052241 made maybe during our lifetime we might actually find out about stuff right like this brings me
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00086-00052241-00052800 hope and I genuinely believe that in the next 50 years I hope a little bit less than that I
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00087-00052800-00053255 don't want to be like 70 80 years old finding out about alien dive and you never know like
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00088-00053255-00054017 we might be dead before like long gone right it's fascinating stuff man perfect place if we
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00089-00054017-00054690 were to uh get something to reverse engineer we would absolutely want to do that George Knapps
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00090-00054804-00055326 George them but click on this video on the screen and I'll see you right there I'm telling you man
xeiz2ZKdqWQ-00091-00055326-00055691 if you think this video is crazy just get deeper man I'll see you right there
xfbYgbqWmno-00000-00000003-00000293 What's happening everybody, it's your boy DJ here back at you with another one
xfbYgbqWmno-00001-00000293-00000794 And if you did not know this is the DNA show today. We're gonna take a unless you like this now
xfbYgbqWmno-00002-00000795-00001055 We're gonna try to get it dead stock factory lace like this
xfbYgbqWmno-00003-00001055-00001430 So I'm gonna show you guys the steps and processes and tell you why it is worth doing it this way
xfbYgbqWmno-00004-00001438-00001638 To increase the value of your shoe
xfbYgbqWmno-00005-00001921-00002499 This shoe you can tell that it is still dead stock still factory and you can see from the laces is pretty tight look through
xfbYgbqWmno-00006-00002499-00002912 The front of the shoe everybody wants to know how to get the knot that looks like this on the shoe
xfbYgbqWmno-00007-00002913-00003011 Well, I'm gonna show you guys today
xfbYgbqWmno-00008-00003011-00003512 So the first step that we're gonna take is tightening up the shoe and getting it back close to that factory. Look
xfbYgbqWmno-00009-00003513-00003839 So what we're gonna need to do is tighten it up from the bottom first hole here
xfbYgbqWmno-00010-00003839-00004373 And then from there we're gonna get it snug and what you want to do is make sure that you get the laces really flat
xfbYgbqWmno-00011-00004373-00004907 So that way it doesn't have any overlap and there's no bunching on the shoe and then you can have a nice clean flat look
xfbYgbqWmno-00012-00004907-00005222 On the sneaker as well. Okay, so we have a pretty flat look here
xfbYgbqWmno-00013-00005223-00005691 We're gonna need to take these make sure they're pretty close to even and then we're gonna loop them through the top of the chute
xfbYgbqWmno-00014-00005691-00006027 Make them face back inward towards the inside of the foot now
xfbYgbqWmno-00015-00006027-00006305 We have the X that goes in front of the tongue that you can see right here
xfbYgbqWmno-00016-00006305-00006848 so now that you have that laces evenly dispersed throughout the shoe and you want to put your fingers here close to the bottom and
xfbYgbqWmno-00017-00006848-00007154 Kind of clip it around your finger. You want to rip it down?
xfbYgbqWmno-00018-00007234-00007845 Here hold it down with your finger here. Then you want to take the lace and wrap it around this lace here open your fingers
xfbYgbqWmno-00019-00007909-00008375 Stick it through here. And what I do is always pull through with this finger at the bottom right here
xfbYgbqWmno-00020-00008375-00008780 I'll pull through with that finger and then I stick up with my thumb here and
xfbYgbqWmno-00021-00008803-00009186 I pull I have the dead stock knot now that the laces are already placed inside
xfbYgbqWmno-00022-00009186-00009617 All we have to do is pinch the tongue take the shoe down and we have a dead sock looking sneaker
xfbYgbqWmno-00023-00012250-00012644 But as you can see right here we have the undead stock in the dead stock
xfbYgbqWmno-00024-00012645-00012810 Look, it's a very simple process
xfbYgbqWmno-00025-00012810-00013271 It should literally take you about three seconds might take a little bit of practice at the beginning all you need
xfbYgbqWmno-00026-00013272-00013384 Is that little loop right there?
xfbYgbqWmno-00027-00013384-00013830 Even if you let it hang out a lot of people do that sometimes but I like to type my name give it that clean
xfbYgbqWmno-00028-00013830-00014001 Nice look when you do this like this
xfbYgbqWmno-00029-00014001-00014516 It's a lot easier to sell a shoe for a higher value because this obviously just looks worn and everything like that
xfbYgbqWmno-00030-00014516-00014802 But when you lace it up and make it look a lot cleaner a lot nicer
xfbYgbqWmno-00031-00014803-00015219 It ends up giving a better appeal to the sneaker and makes people want to value it a little bit higher
xfbYgbqWmno-00032-00015219-00015560 So I hope this video helped you guys if you guys have any other questions comments or concerns
xfbYgbqWmno-00033-00015561-00015845 Please drop them down below and I'll try to get a video I made for you guys
xfbYgbqWmno-00034-00015859-00016376 Thank you guys for so much support all the love everything like that. We got a lot of stuff coming in 2020
xfbYgbqWmno-00035-00016376-00016757 I'll see you guys at Vancouver BC nigger con here. We come a lot a world tour this year
xfbYgbqWmno-00036-00016758-00017244 Y'all is gonna be very fun. Very interesting. We got some more collection videos coming soon as well. Thank you guys for everything
xfbYgbqWmno-00037-00017266-00017466 See you on the next one
xgJePuG40ik-00000-00000000-00000186 Hi all dear friends
xgJePuG40ik-00001-00000216-00000580 these are the top ruthless medieval medicine
xgJePuG40ik-00002-00000698-00000784 started
xgJePuG40ik-00003-00000856-00001080 lobotomy
xgJePuG40ik-00004-00001160-00001618 Unexpected scale in the last century reaches the lobotomy craze of the mentally ill.
xgJePuG40ik-00005-00001650-00002824 American physician Walter Freeman discovered the incision on the frontal lobes of the brain helps polnym shizophrenia with a relatively minimal degree of surgical intervention.
xgJePuG40ik-00006-00002916-00003906 He drilled the hole patients the eyelid with an ice pick, and then, when the incision, focused touch, which is often was doing patients "vegetables".
xgJePuG40ik-00007-00003944-00004680 On his "Lovemobile" specially equipped car, Freeman has traveled all over America to cure as many patients as possible.
xgJePuG40ik-00008-00004776-00005466 However, he was not only an Amateur lobotomy. In the twentieth century more than 50,000 people were subjected to this questionable procedure.
xgJePuG40ik-00009-00005544-00005796 Rectal Smoking
xgJePuG40ik-00010-00005818-00006620 Until recently, tobacco was considered a useful product and is widely used in the treatment, even in diseases of the digestive tract.
xgJePuG40ik-00011-00006680-00007804 In order to deliver healing smoke straight to the place, doctors have invented a special system of cameras, where he lit the tobacco and bellows, forcing air through a special tube.
xgJePuG40ik-00012-00007970-00008466 This device allowed patients to be treated using rectal area.
xgJePuG40ik-00013-00008568-00009020 The aim of treatment was unusual deliverance against parasites or stomach cramps.
xgJePuG40ik-00014-00009114-00010202 Tobacco smoke, according to the doctors of the eighteenth century, was also to awaken the life force, so the tobacco clisteri was used as first aid for victims of shipwrecks.
xgJePuG40ik-00015-00010320-00011238 Those who were fished out of the water unconscious, quickly pumped the smoke rectally, orally or from two sides, for greater reliability.
xgJePuG40ik-00016-00011238-00011538 Soothing chair
xgJePuG40ik-00017-00011538-00012940 Benjamin Rush is considered one of the founding fathers of modern American psychiatry, however, this only confirms the fact that even eminent physicians sometimes practice not too effective ways of treatment of various diseases.
xgJePuG40ik-00018-00012940-00013994 To rid patients of mental health problems from Rush have come up with original and effective, as he probably thought the device, literally crushing the disease from the man's head.
xgJePuG40ik-00019-00014094-00015644 The device is a chair with a bucket under the seat - it was assumed that there together with bowel movements and get all the crazy thoughts that managed to squeeze out of the head through a special nozzle, and that the person resisted the procedure, to fasten it securely.
xgJePuG40ik-00020-00015697-00016008 Swings Joseph Cox
xgJePuG40ik-00021-00016030-00016786 Invented by the English neurologist Joseph Mason Cox swings ministered to the mentally ill rotate around its axis.
xgJePuG40ik-00022-00016786-00017444 The Coke machine differed from previous models in that the patient was sitting, leaning backwards.
xgJePuG40ik-00023-00017472-00017880 This situation was caused in patients with dizziness, nausea and vomiting.
xgJePuG40ik-00024-00017914-00018368 Another effect of using such swings was the fear of a repetition of the procedure.
xgJePuG40ik-00025-00018410-00019844 Swings should have done patients controlled or, on the contrary, open to dialogue on this were sent to many other methods of neurology of the nineteenth century, creating a person the sense of he is drowning or suffocating.
xgJePuG40ik-00026-00019844-00020158 Hydrotherapy
xgJePuG40ik-00027-00020188-00021966 If you type in a search engine the word "hydrotherapy", he will surely lead image relaxing in the pools and Jacuzzi, however in the old days, when the doctor prescribed water therapy, it meant not a pastime - this treatment is more resembled torture.
xgJePuG40ik-00028-00021990-00022964 From the XVII th to the XIX th century hydrotherapy was one of the main ways of disposal of patients from of mental disorders.
xgJePuG40ik-00029-00023006-00024244 The idea that water can cure, appeared in Ancient Greece, however, the most radical form of hydrotherapy was invented in the early seventeenth-century Dutch chemist and physician Jan Baptist van Helmont.
xgJePuG40ik-00030-00024268-00025612 By his method the patient was supposed to pour water or hold it until his mouth did not cease to go air bubbles with it, according to van Helmont, head left from the last "crazy thoughts and ideas".
xgJePuG40ik-00031-00025644-00026822 If after that zahlebyvalsya person was able to pump out, the procedure was considered successful if no - doctors shrugged:  supposedly, the madness left the patient with life force.
xgJePuG40ik-00032-00026862-00027122 transmission of the blood
xgJePuG40ik-00033-00027138-00028468 The view that to treat diseases can, pumping litres of blood from the patient,  was based on humoral pathology — speculative theory,  according to which the causes of all disease was a disorder of the body juices.
xgJePuG40ik-00034-00028495-00029094 According to Hippocrates, the body contained blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile in equal proportions.
xgJePuG40ik-00035-00029112-00029950 The cause of numerous diseases considered an overabundance of blood, and therefore resorted to a knife — and the patients rarely survived a similar procedure.
xgJePuG40ik-00036-00029976-00030958 In other cases, it could put not only blood, but also other juices. For example, mental wreck poet Friedrich Hölderlin fire burned forehead, causing "healing" wounds.
xgJePuG40ik-00037-00031000-00031624 Current pus from the wounds read for yellow bile, which, according to the diagnosis of hölderlin, his body was abundant.
xgJePuG40ik-00038-00031660-00031889 Trepanation
xgJePuG40ik-00039-00031916-00032712 Unknown, which the doctors were trying to achieve, prosurvival a hole in the skull: to add something to its contents, or on the contrary, to subtract from it.
xgJePuG40ik-00040-00032754-00033254 What is clear is that the ancients had a purpose for drilling cranial boxes of their neighbors.
xgJePuG40ik-00041-00033268-00033924 Archaeologists report the findings in Europe more than 450 trephinated skulls of the stone age.
xgJePuG40ik-00042-00033954-00034444 It is obvious that trepanate the skull during using the tools of silicon was not so difficult.
xgJePuG40ik-00043-00034478-00034904 In most cases, the operation took place successfully, and the patient remained alive.
xgJePuG40ik-00044-00034938-00035290 About the true meaning of such treatment can only be guessed at.
xgJePuG40ik-00045-00035312-00035706 Perhaps in this way was treated for headaches or brain damage.
xgJePuG40ik-00046-00035730-00036372 It is possible that trephination was one of religious practices.
xgJePuG40ik-00047-00036404-00036834 Simple answer scientists are still not found.
xgJePuG40ik-00048-00036878-00037146 Mercury against syphilis
xgJePuG40ik-00049-00037164-00037908 Against the spread before "the disease of promiscuous people", i.e. syphilis, modern antibiotics help much better mercury.
xgJePuG40ik-00050-00037954-00038406 But then the doctors had no choice and resorted to using toxic metal.
xgJePuG40ik-00051-00038436-00039356 It was assumed that the mercury should eliminate the excess "goo", but if the patient not tolerate the treatment of toxic metal it only proved that "medicine" works.
xgJePuG40ik-00052-00039388-00040254 Internal and external use of mercury, of course, had no effect on the symptoms of syphilis, however, led to death because of intoxication.
xgJePuG40ik-00053-00040276-00041488 Anyway, even without radical treatment, patients with syphilis suffered from ulcers and scars remaining for a lifetime, and many in late stage dementia started, later leading to death.
xjITRG64kQu-00000-00002098-00002529 GET THIS BEAT WITHOUT VOICE TAGS: WWW.ARSENIALBEATS.COM / LINK IN DESCRIPTION
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xnzUAgfrDyy-00000-00000096-00000288 Welcome back to another grammar video,
xnzUAgfrDyy-00001-00000288-00000656 where we show you how to spot common mistakes in your essay writing.
xnzUAgfrDyy-00002-00000656-00001320 Today we are focusing on proper nouns. So how are proper nouns different to common nouns?
xnzUAgfrDyy-00003-00001320-00001936 Common nouns refer to a person, place, animal or thing. While proper nouns are special names for
xnzUAgfrDyy-00004-00001936-00002664 these. For instance, I identify as a girl, so that is my noun, but my name is Lauren
xnzUAgfrDyy-00005-00002664-00003064 so that's my proper noun.   This is the same for animals;
xnzUAgfrDyy-00006-00003064-00003511 cat is a common noun, while Bailey is a proper noun as this is his name.
xnzUAgfrDyy-00007-00003576-00004064 This also works for places; the word country is a common noun and so does not need to be
xnzUAgfrDyy-00008-00004064-00004552 capitalised, whereas England is the name of the country and so needs the capital E.
xnzUAgfrDyy-00009-00004656-00005208 Things are slightly trickier as water is not capitalised as it's the name of a drink.
xnzUAgfrDyy-00010-00005264-00005648 Think of it in terms of movies you wouldn't capitalise the noun
xnzUAgfrDyy-00011-00005648-00006240 movie, but you would capitalise Harry Potter, Avengers Assemble and Cruella.
xnzUAgfrDyy-00012-00006312-00006928 If we put this all together, the girl from a country has a cat and is watching a movie, turns
xnzUAgfrDyy-00013-00006928-00007623 into Lauren from England and her cat Bailey are watching Avengers Assemble while both sentences
xnzUAgfrDyy-00014-00007623-00008584 in essence mean similar things, the one using proper nouns allows for more specific detail.
yorPw53Xjkk-00000-00000000-00000300 Welcome to Woa Doodles!!!
yorPw53Xjkk-00001-00000300-00000500 Hope this video relaxes you
yorPw53Xjkk-00002-00008050-00008500 Please like, share and subscribe to enjoy many interesting videos of Woa  Doodles!
y1sQopSErX4-00000-00001951-00002972 Look at advance reaction engineering. Today, we look at practice problems; look at tubular
y1sQopSErX4-00001-00002972-00004248 reactors. This is the exercise for today. We all know that tubular reactors are very
y1sQopSErX4-00002-00004248-00004594 common in the process industry.
y1sQopSErX4-00003-00004594-00005287 Fine examples of that would be sulphur di oxide plus oxygen, giving you sulphur tri
y1sQopSErX4-00004-00005287-00006189 oxide. Then, you have nitrogen plus hydrogen, giving you ammonia. These are finest examples
y1sQopSErX4-00005-00006189-00007840 of exothermic reversible. These are all exothermic reversible and catalytic. They all require
y1sQopSErX4-00006-00007840-00008417 catalyst. Examples that our process industry uses, extensively; we want to look at some
y1sQopSErX4-00007-00008417-00009042 of these to understand some of the intricate details, going to it and some strategies that
y1sQopSErX4-00008-00009042-00009629 help us to understand to how to manage these reactions in the process industry. Now, to
y1sQopSErX4-00009-00009629-00009836 put it in the context, let us take an example.
y1sQopSErX4-00010-00009836-00010925 Let us take an example; A going to B; 1, 2, a reversible reaction. Let us say, let r b
y1sQopSErX4-00011-00010925-00011848 equal to k 1 C a minus of k 2 C b as an example; not to illustrate how things would happen.
y1sQopSErX4-00012-00011848-00012814 So, this is k 1 C a 0, 1 minus of x, minus of k 2 C a 0 times of x, of course, assuming
y1sQopSErX4-00013-00012814-00013837 that C b 0 equal to 0. Frequently, this would be the case that applies. Now, if we look
y1sQopSErX4-00014-00013837-00014654 carefully at this reaction, we find that this term, del r b by del t at constant x; what
y1sQopSErX4-00015-00014654-00015176 is del r b by del t at constant x? You need to differentiate this one. We will get k 1
y1sQopSErX4-00016-00015176-00016523 E 1 by r t square C a 0 times 1 minus of x, minus k 2 E 2 by r t squared C a 0 times of
y1sQopSErX4-00017-00016523-00017743 x. Now, it is known that for each x, this r b goes to maxima. On other words, if we
y1sQopSErX4-00018-00017743-00018687 said it is equal to 0, we get an equation, which is x m by 1 minus of x m, equal to k
y1sQopSErX4-00019-00018687-00020206 1 by k 2, E 1 by E 2. What is k 1 by k 2; it is equilibrium constant, times E 1 by E
y1sQopSErX4-00020-00020206-00020448 2. So, what we are saying?
y1sQopSErX4-00021-00020448-00021940 What we are saying is that that del r b by del t at constant x goes to 0. This implies
y1sQopSErX4-00022-00021940-00022966 x m by 1 minus of x m, equal to k equilibrium constant time E 1 by E 2. Now, if we look
y1sQopSErX4-00023-00022966-00024151 at this reaction, this reaction at equilibrium r b equal to 0. So, at equilibrium r b equal
y1sQopSErX4-00024-00024151-00025191 to 0, which means that k 1 C a, 1 minus of x, minus of k 2 C a times x equal to 0, which
y1sQopSErX4-00025-00025191-00026337 means that x by 1 minus of x equal to k 1 by k 2, equal to k. Notice that x m by 1 minus
y1sQopSErX4-00026-00026337-00027014 of x m is k times of E 1 by E 2 and at equilibrium, I will call it here; this is at equilibrium.
y1sQopSErX4-00027-00027014-00027839 I should put x c here;, so x c by 1 minus x c equal to k. So, the forms are very similar
y1sQopSErX4-00028-00027839-00028607 and we have already shown this. So, there is no need to go through this, once again.
y1sQopSErX4-00029-00028607-00029402 We have shown that plots for an exothermic reversible reaction.
y1sQopSErX4-00030-00029402-00030560 If you make a plot of t versus x, if you make a plot, the equilibrium; this is the equilibrium
y1sQopSErX4-00031-00030560-00031564 curve; which means, this curve is described by this equation. Now, if we make a plot of
y1sQopSErX4-00032-00031564-00032433 this equation, x m by 1 minus x m k E 1 by E 2, this curve will look something like this.
y1sQopSErX4-00033-00032433-00033219 This is, I will call it as del r b by del t at constant x equal to 0 or we can call
y1sQopSErX4-00034-00033219-00034685 it as locus of max rates. Now, why are we doing this? We are doing this to understand
y1sQopSErX4-00035-00034685-00035181 how to conduct this reaction in a tubular reactor. So, that is, essentially, what we
y1sQopSErX4-00036-00035181-00035689 have done is we have found out the locus of maxima in reaction rates; that is appropriate
y1sQopSErX4-00037-00035689-00036181 to this reaction. So, clearly, if you want to have a good design, you would like to see
y1sQopSErX4-00038-00036181-00036803 that our process runs along this line, so that, the size of the equipment would be as
y1sQopSErX4-00039-00036803-00036944 small as possible.
y1sQopSErX4-00040-00036944-00038228 Let us say we have a tubular reactor; that means, look at a tubular reactor. What is
y1sQopSErX4-00041-00038228-00038925 our tubular reactor design equation, our material balance? Our material balance will look like
y1sQopSErX4-00042-00038925-00039956 F a 0 times d x d v equal to r 1 minus of r 2; this is material balance. Our energy
y1sQopSErX4-00043-00039956-00040982 balance look like this; d t d v equal to r 1 minus of r 2 times, minus of delta H 1 star,
y1sQopSErX4-00044-00040982-00041847 which is the heat of reaction, plus q minus of w s. We said we do not look for any work
y1sQopSErX4-00045-00041847-00042918 from the system and if it is adiabatic; let us look at the moment, the situation of a
y1sQopSErX4-00046-00042918-00043518 tubular reactor, material balance and energy balance under adiabatic situation; that means,
y1sQopSErX4-00047-00043518-00044343 we do not allow heat to go out of the system. Now, if I call this as equation 2, and if
y1sQopSErX4-00048-00044343-00045458 I call this as equation 1, if I do 1 divided by 2, we will get v c p, d t d v, divided
y1sQopSErX4-00049-00045458-00046351 by d x d v. So, I will call this is d t d x; this is F a 0; r 1 minus r 2 cancels off.
y1sQopSErX4-00050-00046351-00047191 So, we are left with minus of delta H 1 star. Just checks up once again. So, I am just rewriting
y1sQopSErX4-00051-00047191-00048255 this equation once again. So, we get v c p. So, this one is a tubular reactor.
y1sQopSErX4-00052-00048255-00049006 We have v times C p; d t times d x; that is left hand side and the right hand side got
y1sQopSErX4-00053-00049006-00050118 minus delta H 1 star, equal to minus of delta H 1 star. Now, v, the volumetric flow; in
y1sQopSErX4-00054-00050118-00050536 a given reaction, volumetric flow actually, depends on so many factors, particularly,
y1sQopSErX4-00055-00050536-00050953 the temperature and so on. If there is change in moles also, volumetric flow will change
y1sQopSErX4-00056-00050953-00051470 and so on. Suppose we consider the situation as in this particular case, A going to B and
y1sQopSErX4-00057-00051470-00052582 B going to A; v equal to v naught. So, that in this case; F a 0;, so that if I put v equal
y1sQopSErX4-00058-00052582-00053762 to v naught, this becomes v naught C p; F a 0 is v naught C a naught d t d x, equal
y1sQopSErX4-00059-00053762-00055025 to minus of delta H 1 star or d t d x equal to cancels off. So, it becomes C a 0 times,
y1sQopSErX4-00060-00055025-00056055 minus of delta H 1 star, divided by C p. Now, the point of putting it in this form is that,
y1sQopSErX4-00061-00056055-00056686 what we trying to say here is that in a tubular reactor, variation of temperature with conversion
y1sQopSErX4-00062-00056686-00057419 depends, equal to C a 0, which is a constant. Delta H 1 star by C p; this is typically,
y1sQopSErX4-00063-00057419-00058123 not a very strong function of temperature or any other compositions. Similarly, C p,
y1sQopSErX4-00064-00058123-00058490 the volumetric specific heat that we have said, is not a very strong function of what
y1sQopSErX4-00065-00058490-00058715 happens during the chemical reaction.
y1sQopSErX4-00066-00058715-00059810 On other words, what we are trying to say is that d t d x equal to C a 0, which is a
y1sQopSErX4-00067-00059810-00060367 constant, minus delta H 1 star, which does not change very much; C p also does not change
y1sQopSErX4-00068-00060367-00060998 very much. Therefore, the right hand side is the constant. This is the point we are
y1sQopSErX4-00069-00060998-00061895 trying to put across. So, right hand side is the constant, if you can see. So, as a
y1sQopSErX4-00070-00061895-00062945 result, when you make a plot of x versus t, and you have this equilibrium curve; you have
y1sQopSErX4-00071-00062945-00064191 this maxima in rate; this is equilibrium; this is locus of max rates. If our temperature
y1sQopSErX4-00072-00064191-00064836 t 0; we are starting it here; as per this equation here, we should expect that we will
y1sQopSErX4-00073-00064836-00065517 move along a line, like this or if your t 0 is here, then we will move along a line
y1sQopSErX4-00074-00065517-00065858 like this. It will go and touch the equilibrium curve.
y1sQopSErX4-00075-00065858-00066921 At this point, the reaction rates are 0; rates equal to 0. At this point the rates are highest.
y1sQopSErX4-00076-00066921-00067677 So, you notice here, as you move along this line with this line is an adiabatic line,
y1sQopSErX4-00077-00067677-00068537 as you said; this is the adiabatic line. Why is that adiabatic line? We have knocked out
y1sQopSErX4-00078-00068537-00069156 the term q from our equations, because we are writing the equations for the case of
y1sQopSErX4-00079-00069156-00069843 an adiabatic process. So, as you move along the adiabatic line, from this point to this
y1sQopSErX4-00080-00069843-00070294 point, the reaction keeps on increasing. Here, it becomes maximum. As it moves from here
y1sQopSErX4-00081-00070294-00070922 towards the equilibrium curve, the rate keeps on decreasing and become 0 as it touches the
y1sQopSErX4-00082-00070922-00071617 equilibrium curve. Now, the question that you and I would like to know is in our design,
y1sQopSErX4-00083-00071617-00072273 what do we do? How do we achieve a design which, ensures that the reaction goes; see,
y1sQopSErX4-00084-00072273-00072783 this is x. So, we want to go at a higher level of x as possible; that means, you want this
y1sQopSErX4-00085-00072783-00073033 to reach this highest value.
y1sQopSErX4-00086-00073033-00074047 Now, if I say this is, in the sense, this is 1; this is 0.99; this is 0.98; let us say
y1sQopSErX4-00087-00074047-00074791 and we want to go to as high a conversion as possible; how do we achieve this? Now,
y1sQopSErX4-00088-00074791-00075442 what our equations are telling us? What our equations are telling us is that in adiabatic
y1sQopSErX4-00089-00075442-00076108 processes, temperature and conversion will move along this line, and then will go and
y1sQopSErX4-00090-00076108-00076789 hit the point of equilibria and stop. So, clearly, if this point, the conversion corresponding
y1sQopSErX4-00091-00076789-00077460 to this point, this value of x; let us say is 0.3, then clearly, we are not able to reach
y1sQopSErX4-00092-00077460-00078037 as high a conversion as you and I would like to reach. Our point in this practice exercise
y1sQopSErX4-00093-00078037-00078724 is how do we go to higher and higher levels of reactions; levels of extents of reactions.
y1sQopSErX4-00094-00078724-00079204 That is what we would like to do. Let us see how to achieve this.
y1sQopSErX4-00095-00079204-00080073 We achieve this by recognizing the following; you have equilibrium curve; you have maximum
y1sQopSErX4-00096-00080073-00081221 rate curve; this is the equilibria; this is locus max rates and let us say our feed is
y1sQopSErX4-00097-00081221-00082011 available at T naught. Now, if feed is available at T naught, and if you are going to do an
y1sQopSErX4-00098-00082011-00082589 adiabatic process, you would probably, travel along this line, and then go and stop there.
y1sQopSErX4-00099-00082589-00083206 Instead, if we are heated up this T naught, gone up to this point, T naught here, then
y1sQopSErX4-00100-00083206-00084320 once again, this line is able to give you the average reaction rates here. These reaction
y1sQopSErX4-00101-00084320-00084852 rates are much larger. Why are they much larger, because the temperatures are much larger.
y1sQopSErX4-00102-00084852-00085377 From T 1 0 to T 2 0, what we have achieved is that we have achieved much higher reaction
y1sQopSErX4-00103-00085377-00085868 rates, and we are able to move along this curve. Once again, we face the same problem
y1sQopSErX4-00104-00085868-00086414 that we have to stop somewhere, because the reaction rate from this point, starts decreasing.
y1sQopSErX4-00105-00086414-00086860 So, we would start somewhere here, and then we will start wondering, what is that we must do.
y1sQopSErX4-00106-00086914-00087589 So, what are we trying to say is the following that our tubular reactor equation says that
y1sQopSErX4-00107-00087589-00088432 d t d x on the right hand side is the constant, and therefore, the d t d x being the constant,
y1sQopSErX4-00108-00088432-00089008 is a straight line and this straight line, if you move along from T 0; if you move along,
y1sQopSErX4-00109-00089008-00089449 you can keep going along or you can keep going along up to the equilibria. The moment you
y1sQopSErX4-00110-00089449-00089949 reach the equilibria, the reaction rates are nil. At the point of corresponding to this
y1sQopSErX4-00111-00089949-00090454 maximum the reaction, the rates are highest. So, as you go from this point to this point,
y1sQopSErX4-00112-00090454-00090805 rates keep increasing, and from this point onwards, the rate starts to keep decreasing.
y1sQopSErX4-00113-00090805-00091149 When you reach the end point, the reaction stops.
y1sQopSErX4-00114-00091149-00091730 The question is how is it that you and i can conduct this process, so that, we go to the
y1sQopSErX4-00115-00091730-00092295 highest level of conversion possible? Now, we notice that if this feed temperature is
y1sQopSErX4-00116-00092295-00092672 low, the reaction rates are low. So, that we can pre heat it, and take it up to T 2
y1sQopSErX4-00117-00092672-00093135 0 as the initial temperature, entering the equipment, and then we run an adiabatic reactor.
y1sQopSErX4-00118-00093135-00093626 Once again, we will face the same problem that as it approaches the equilibria, the
y1sQopSErX4-00119-00093626-00094093 rate becomes very low. You have to stop here. Therefore, how do we go forward from here;
y1sQopSErX4-00120-00094093-00094841 too much higher level of conversion for which, what we decide? We run inter stage cooling.
y1sQopSErX4-00121-00094841-00095558 So, if we can inter stage cool this, and then once again, from here, we can run one adiabatic reactor.
y1sQopSErX4-00122-00095558-00096029 Once again, we can cool interstage, and then
y1sQopSErX4-00123-00096029-00096572 run another adiabatic reactor. We can cool inter stage, and then run another adiabatic
y1sQopSErX4-00124-00096572-00098591 reactor, and cool inter stage. On other words, what we are trying to say is  that  interstage cooling is essential
y1sQopSErX4-00125-00098591-00099711 to be able to reach high levels of conversion for reversible exothermic reactions. So, this is this. If
y1sQopSErX4-00126-00099711-00100360 we look at sulphur di oxide or if we look at ammonia, you will find that this is reactor
y1sQopSErX4-00127-00100360-00101318 1, reactor 2, reactor 3, reactor 4. So, this is an instance of a 4 stage process where,
y1sQopSErX4-00128-00101318-00102062 we go from 0 conversion to a much higher level of conversion. So, this is the exercise that
y1sQopSErX4-00129-00102062-00102661 we want to illustrate, and then the numbers are given below.
y1sQopSErX4-00130-00102661-00103651 We have a chemical reaction. We have an instance; the data is given here; C a 0 is given as
y1sQopSErX4-00131-00103651-00104626 1.6; specific heat is given as 1.0; this is mole per litre, and then it is calories per
y1sQopSErX4-00132-00104626-00105579 kg per c; T naught is given as 21; v naught is given as 5 cubic meters per hour; density
y1sQopSErX4-00133-00105579-00106764 is given as 0.91 grams per ml, and then you have E 1, is given as 25000 calories per mole;
y1sQopSErX4-00134-00106764-00107745 delta H is given as minus 20000 calories per mole. On other words, the E 1 is known. is How is E 2?
y1sQopSErX4-00135-00107825-00108560 We know that E 1 and E 2 are related by our understanding of basics if you have a chemical
y1sQopSErX4-00136-00108560-00109714 reaction which is reversible. So, this is E 2; this is E 2 and this is E 1, and by definition,
y1sQopSErX4-00137-00109714-00110415 E 1 minus of E 2 equal to delta H. For an exothermic reaction, E 2 is greater than E
y1sQopSErX4-00138-00110415-00110794 1 and therefore, delta H is negative.
y1sQopSErX4-00139-00110794-00111479 If all the data are given below and the rate constant; rate constant k is given as 12 per
y1sQopSErX4-00140-00111479-00112492 hour at 21 c. Equilibrium constant is given as 12.2 at 25 c. So, you can see here, rate
y1sQopSErX4-00141-00112492-00113048 constants are given; equilibrium constant is given. Therefore, we can plot the equilibrium
y1sQopSErX4-00142-00113048-00113823 curve. We know, we can do the whole exercise quickly, so that, we have a good understanding
y1sQopSErX4-00143-00113823-00114270 of how the whole things are done for a multi stage tubular reactor design. Let us quickly,
y1sQopSErX4-00144-00114270-00114513 run through this for the numbers.
y1sQopSErX4-00145-00114513-00115624 How do we do this design; x versus T. What is equilibrium curve? We know that it is k
y1sQopSErX4-00146-00115624-00116370 by k plus 1. So, we can calculate the value of k since, k value is given at 12.2 at 25.
y1sQopSErX4-00147-00116370-00116736 The heat of reaction is given. By using the Vantoff’s equation, we can calculate the
y1sQopSErX4-00148-00116736-00117482 value of k at various temperatures and using that, we can plot this curve. Then, we also
y1sQopSErX4-00149-00117482-00118147 recognize that the locus of maximum reaction rates. Locus of maximum reaction rates is
y1sQopSErX4-00150-00118147-00119024 given by this x m by 1 minus of x m, equal to k E 1 by E 2. Using this relationship,
y1sQopSErX4-00151-00119024-00119654 we can plot maxima in reaction rate curve. This is x m; this is the x m curve; this is
y1sQopSErX4-00152-00119654-00120229 the x e curve. Then, if our feed temperature is given; feed temperature is given as 21.
y1sQopSErX4-00153-00120229-00120828 So, feed temperature is even as 21, but if you want to really, go to very high conversions,
y1sQopSErX4-00154-00120828-00121417 if we start with this as 21 and if you run a tubular reactor, which is our d t d x, we
y1sQopSErX4-00155-00121417-00122199 know that d t d x is given by C a 0 minus of delta H 1 star, divided by C p.
y1sQopSErX4-00156-00122199-00122953 C p is given; C p is volumetric specific heat. So, we can we can now run a tubular reactor,
y1sQopSErX4-00157-00122953-00123313 corresponding to this slope; we can run a tubular reactor like this, and then we can
y1sQopSErX4-00158-00123313-00123610 stop somewhere here, but that does not take us to sufficiently, high conversion. Then,
y1sQopSErX4-00159-00123610-00124316 you run an interstage cooling. Then again, another tubular reactor, we run. Then, once
y1sQopSErX4-00160-00124316-00125091 again, we again, run. Then again, we do this. So, this is how we keep doing this, till we
y1sQopSErX4-00161-00125091-00125970 achieve the points of our interest. This is stage 1; this is stage 2 and stage 3. So,
y1sQopSErX4-00162-00125970-00126702 the exercise that we are looking at here is that what is the rationale for multi stage
y1sQopSErX4-00163-00126702-00127411 tubular reactor design? What is the rationale? The rationale is that given a feed temperature
y1sQopSErX4-00164-00127411-00128030 and an adiabatic reactor at that feed temperature, if you run; at best, you can reach a conversion,
y1sQopSErX4-00165-00128030-00128700 which is much lower than what is desired in a process. If you want conversions from 95
y1sQopSErX4-00166-00128700-00129289 percent and so on, that the process does not allow you to go such high conversions unless,
y1sQopSErX4-00167-00129289-00129875 you have multi stage designs. So, the design features that you must take into account is
y1sQopSErX4-00168-00129875-00130439 how much interstage cooling you would like to do between stages. You can cool up to here
y1sQopSErX4-00169-00130439-00131002 or cool up to here. Each decision implies a certain volume of the interstage cooling
y1sQopSErX4-00170-00131002-00131567 device and certain volume of the reaction. On other words, in multistage tubular reactor
y1sQopSErX4-00171-00131567-00132152 design, the volume of the reactor or size of the reactor, and size of the cooling device
y1sQopSErX4-00172-00132152-00132463 are both important. Let us say for example, if you look at ammonia,
y1sQopSErX4-00173-00132463-00132850 is a high pressure process, or sulphur di oxide, which is a low pressure process, but
y1sQopSErX4-00174-00132850-00133535 it is gas. So, if this cooling is to be gas to gas cooling, would mean in very large heat
y1sQopSErX4-00175-00133535-00134024 exchange surface. You have a large heat exchange surface and therefore, a large investment
y1sQopSErX4-00176-00134024-00134777 here, and this is the reactor, depending upon the cost of the catalyst. You will find this
y1sQopSErX4-00177-00134777-00135132 tubular reactor would have a certain size. So, you have to take into account, the size
y1sQopSErX4-00178-00135132-00135624 of the reactor, as well as the size of the exchanger; both are the important from point
y1sQopSErX4-00179-00135624-00136163 of view of design. This is the point that you must bear in mind when we look at tubular
y1sQopSErX4-00180-00136163-00136625 reactor design. Both the size of the equipment, which is reaction equipment, and this is the
y1sQopSErX4-00181-00136625-00137134 heat exchange equipment; look at both to be able to decide what might be appropriate.
y1sQopSErX4-00182-00137134-00137787 So, this is the point I am trying get across to you. There are several good examples in
y1sQopSErX4-00183-00137787-00138391 the literature; shift conversion, steam reformation, ammonia synthesis, sulphur di oxide conversion
y1sQopSErX4-00184-00138391-00139115 and so on are fine examples of reactions where, the reaction reversible, exothermic and a
y1sQopSErX4-00185-00139115-00139738 catalytic and therefore, we need to do a multi stage design to be able to give you an optimum
y1sQopSErX4-00186-00139738-00140183 size of the equipment, at the same time, achieve very high levels of conversion.
y1sQopSErX4-00187-00140183-00141041 Having said this, there are some features that we must appreciate. Let me, sort of come
y1sQopSErX4-00188-00141041-00141804 back to this to illustrate what I want to say. What we want to recognize is that suppose,
y1sQopSErX4-00189-00141804-00142685 we have a tubular reactor. Let us say feed coming in, going out, because it is exothermic;
y1sQopSErX4-00190-00142685-00143884 A going to B as an example; B going to A. So, this is exothermic. What happens as a
y1sQopSErX4-00191-00143884-00145007 result, as it goes through, you will find; if you make a plot of temperature versus equipment,
y1sQopSErX4-00192-00145007-00145603 and if there is wall cooling; let us say there is some cooling here, coming in and going
y1sQopSErX4-00193-00145603-00146308 out; you will find temperature goes to maximum and comes down. On other words, there is a
y1sQopSErX4-00194-00146308-00147146 point called the hot spot. What is the hot spot? Hot spot is the position
y1sQopSErX4-00195-00147146-00147899 where, the temperature of the catalyst becomes the highest. Generally, the reactor design
y1sQopSErX4-00196-00147899-00149074 should take into account, the maximum permissible hot spot temperature. Now, there are several
y1sQopSErX4-00197-00149074-00149578 reasons for this. One could be that the catalyst is not meant to be used at a temperature,
y1sQopSErX4-00198-00149578-00150232 higher than a certain specific temperature. Secondly, hot spot could be quiet high, and
y1sQopSErX4-00199-00150232-00150783 then there could be some bad effects on the material of construction of the equipments
y1sQopSErX4-00200-00150783-00151342 itself. In both the cases, we have to have a good idea of what the hot spot temperature
y1sQopSErX4-00201-00151342-00151654 is, and how we can regulate this.
y1sQopSErX4-00202-00151654-00152184 Let us try and look at how to understand this by writing our equation, once again. So, let
y1sQopSErX4-00203-00152184-00152686 me write our tubular reactor equation, once again. We have our material balance, which
y1sQopSErX4-00204-00152686-00153628 is F a naught, times d x d v, equal to r 1 minus of r 2. Then, we have our energy balance,
y1sQopSErX4-00205-00153628-00154810 which is d t d v, equal to r 1 minus of r 2, minus of delta H 1 star, plus q minus w
y1sQopSErX4-00206-00154810-00155986 s, sorry, plus q minus of w s, and q, we shown; it can be replaced by this; T c minus of T
y1sQopSErX4-00207-00155986-00156742 where, H is the heat transfer coefficient; T c is the temperature of the heating medium.
y1sQopSErX4-00208-00156742-00157414 If it is a cooling medium, this T c minus T would be negative. So, it does not matter.
y1sQopSErX4-00209-00157414-00157912 If we look at this equation here, and I ask you what happens at the hot spot temperature;
y1sQopSErX4-00210-00157912-00158347 you will tell me that hot spot temperature, this term is 0. On other words, at the hot
y1sQopSErX4-00211-00158347-00158926 spot, the rate at heat generation, is balanced by the rate of heat removal.
y1sQopSErX4-00212-00158926-00159566 Consequently, you find that you will see a temperature profile like this. On other words,
y1sQopSErX4-00213-00159566-00160259 your tubular reactor temperature rises from T naught here, to various temperatures. Now,
y1sQopSErX4-00214-00160259-00160989 it might be useful to us, if instead of allowing a temperature variation in the equipment,
y1sQopSErX4-00215-00160989-00161805 if we can keep that temperature nearly constant, so that, we are able to ensure that hot spot
y1sQopSErX4-00216-00161805-00162417 problem, I mean, high, excessively, high temperatures are not encountered. At the same time, we
y1sQopSErX4-00217-00162417-00162960 are able to ensure that the reaction occurs at the temperature of our choosing; that is
y1sQopSErX4-00218-00162960-00163655 an advantage. The question that I would like to put across to you is that suppose, we want
y1sQopSErX4-00219-00163655-00164291 to run our process at a constant temperature; this is a condition that we want to impose
y1sQopSErX4-00220-00164291-00164867 on our catalyst for the reasons being that we want to be absolutely, sure that our catalyst
y1sQopSErX4-00221-00164867-00165403 is only exposed to temperature that we specify, and nothing more than that we are willing to accept.
y1sQopSErX4-00222-00165496-00165958 So, if there are situations like this, which you want to handle, how do we handle this?
y1sQopSErX4-00223-00165958-00166697 This is an example I want to illustrate. The example that I want to illustrate now, is
y1sQopSErX4-00224-00166697-00168708 constant temperature operation of a tubular reactor. How do you operate a tubular reactor
y1sQopSErX4-00225-00168708-00169570 at constant temperature? How can we do this and what does it tell us? Tubular reactor;
y1sQopSErX4-00226-00169570-00170303 catalytic, I say catalytic; that is important; catalytic tubular reactor, of course, what
y1sQopSErX4-00227-00170303-00171004 is in my mind is reaction such as steam reformation, shift conversion, ammonia synthesis, sulphur
y1sQopSErX4-00228-00171004-00171705 di oxide; great variety of reactions in the process industry where, you find that the
y1sQopSErX4-00229-00171705-00172313 temperature, I mean that the catalyst is essential for the success of the process. So, we have
y1sQopSErX4-00230-00172313-00173457 here, a reactor into which, there is a catalyst and feed comes in. There is what is called
y1sQopSErX4-00231-00173457-00174715 as a jacket; this is a jacket, and through which, a cooling fluid goes in and comes out.
y1sQopSErX4-00232-00174715-00175307 Now, because of the fact that there is a wall cooling, we are seeing this kind of temperature
y1sQopSErX4-00233-00175307-00176176 as I pointed out to you; T versus volume, and we do not want this. How do we design
y1sQopSErX4-00234-00176176-00176882 and operate the process, so that, this variation in temperature is not an issue in our process?
y1sQopSErX4-00235-00176882-00177376 This is what we want to do; how do we do this? To be able to do this, just want to set up
y1sQopSErX4-00236-00177376-00177722 our equations, once again, and recall our interest in.
y1sQopSErX4-00237-00177722-00178342 So, we are going to have B as our reaction. We have this, our material balance, given
y1sQopSErX4-00238-00178342-00179879 by this, all right, and then this, I call this r b as some k 1 C a 0, 1 minus of x.
y1sQopSErX4-00239-00179879-00180691 I will take for the moment, irreversible reaction; we can relax it a little later. Now, let us
y1sQopSErX4-00240-00180691-00181528 say add to the catalyst alpha. So, this is our reaction, is taking place. I will put
y1sQopSErX4-00241-00181528-00182707 it in the form of d x d tau equal to k 1 alpha C a 0 times of 1 minus of x where, alpha is
y1sQopSErX4-00242-00182707-00184057 catalyst activity, all right. So, this is the material balance. Now, how does our energy
y1sQopSErX4-00243-00184057-00185408 balance look like? Our energy balance looks like this; v C p, d t d v equal to k alpha
y1sQopSErX4-00244-00185408-00186813 C a 0, 1 minus of x, minus of delta H 1 star, plus q; I just mean, in our energy balance,
y1sQopSErX4-00245-00186813-00187401 we have written it earlier. We have just replaced the reaction rate with the rate function here,
y1sQopSErX4-00246-00187401-00188540 all right. So, this is k 1. Now, what we said? What we said; let me say it once again.
y1sQopSErX4-00247-00188540-00189247 Our energy balance; I just want to write it once again, to emphasize d t d v equal to
y1sQopSErX4-00248-00189247-00190275 k 1 alpha C a 0 times of 1 minus of x, minus of delta H 1 star, plus q. Of course, minus
y1sQopSErX4-00249-00190275-00191199 w s, we are not going to derive, work out this, and then d x d tau equal to k 1 alpha
y1sQopSErX4-00250-00191199-00191890 C a 0 times 1 minus of x. We want to run our process at constant temperature. On other
y1sQopSErX4-00251-00191890-00192550 words, we do not want any variations of temperature in this equipment. We do not want that, which
y1sQopSErX4-00252-00192550-00193340 means what; which means that we want this to be 0, correct. How do we get that left
y1sQopSErX4-00253-00193340-00194152 hand side to be 0, which means, this terms k 1 alpha C a 0, 1 minus of x and this q;
y1sQopSErX4-00254-00194152-00194885 let me write this in this form; k 1 alpha 0, equal to 1 minus of x times minus of delta
y1sQopSErX4-00255-00194885-00195684 H 1 star, plus 4 h by d; this we have done before; I am just writing it once again, this.
y1sQopSErX4-00256-00195684-00196314 So, this is our T c, is going in, coming out; this is T 0, and then temperature coming out is T.
y1sQopSErX4-00257-00196314-00197067 So, we do not want any variations between T 0 and T, and T 0 is chosen as per our understanding;
y1sQopSErX4-00258-00197067-00197630 may be 200, 250, 300; whatever is the temperature at which, you want the equipment to perform.
y1sQopSErX4-00259-00197630-00198165 So, T 0; whatever is the T 0 temperature at which, it emerges and this temperature, there
y1sQopSErX4-00260-00198165-00198975 is no change in temperature here. Only reaction occurs, which means what? This temperature,
y1sQopSErX4-00261-00198975-00199423 this k 1, this temperature at which, the reaction occurs; this is the rate of heat released
y1sQopSErX4-00262-00199423-00199985 and the rate of heat, being picked up by the cooling device. So, this rate of heat generation
y1sQopSErX4-00263-00199985-00200642 must be equal to rate of heat removal, and this must be. So, at every point, the point
y1sQopSErX4-00264-00200642-00201434 we are saying is that k 1; 0 equal to k 1; temperature at any position; alpha at any
y1sQopSErX4-00265-00201434-00202628 position; C a 0, 1 minus of x at any position; minus of delta H 1 star, plus 4 h by d, T
y1sQopSErX4-00266-00202628-00203428 c minus of T; this must hold at every point in the equipment. This relationship must hold
y1sQopSErX4-00267-00203428-00203773 at every point in the equipment. How do we do this?
y1sQopSErX4-00268-00203773-00204283 This is the point that I am putting across to you, because if we can do this, the operation
y1sQopSErX4-00269-00204283-00204801 of tubular reactors that we will face in process industry; constant temperature would have
y1sQopSErX4-00270-00204801-00205378 great advantage from the point of view of looking after the activity of the catalyst
y1sQopSErX4-00271-00205378-00205883 and even, running the process, the kind of benefits you will be getting at constant temperature,
y1sQopSErX4-00272-00205883-00206302 is a great advantage. So, we want to see by looking at the equation, what is that you
y1sQopSErX4-00273-00206302-00206898 and I can do to ensure that this equality is maintained at every point in the reaction
y1sQopSErX4-00274-00206898-00207369 equipment. Let us see how to do this. So, what have we said?
y1sQopSErX4-00275-00207369-00208221 We said we want this left hand side to be 0. What it means; which means, this is equal
y1sQopSErX4-00276-00208221-00208755 to q; that means q must be equal to this term.
y1sQopSErX4-00277-00208755-00210041 Let me write, which means, q equal to k 1 alpha C a 0, 1 minus of x times minus delta
y1sQopSErX4-00278-00210041-00211040 H 1 star, minus q equal to, because q by definition, is 4 h by d, T c minus of T. So, minus q means
y1sQopSErX4-00279-00211040-00212291 T is greater than T c; that is all it means. What is q? We also know that q, which is heat
y1sQopSErX4-00280-00212291-00212879 removal per unit volume, multiplied with the volume of equipment, must be equal to F a
y1sQopSErX4-00281-00212879-00213819 0 minus delta H 1 star times x; do we agree with this? What we are saying is that the
y1sQopSErX4-00282-00213819-00214760 total amount of heat released; that heat is taken up by the cooling fluid. The reason
y1sQopSErX4-00283-00214760-00215319 is where will this heat go; anywhere. Whatever the heat that is released by process; where
y1sQopSErX4-00284-00215319-00215894 can it go, because it is not increasing the temperature of the fluids, because the fluids
y1sQopSErX4-00285-00215894-00216473 are at the temperature at which, it is entering. What we are saying is that the reactor whatever,
y1sQopSErX4-00286-00216473-00216860 is the temperature at which, it is entering; it is leaving at that temperature only. Therefore,
y1sQopSErX4-00287-00216860-00217333 the only way this heat can escape is into the cooling fluid. So, this is the statement
y1sQopSErX4-00288-00217333-00218107 of that energy balance; q times, I put a minus sign here; q times v equal to F a 0 times
y1sQopSErX4-00289-00218107-00218632 delta H 1 star times x. Let us say understand whether, this is positive, minus delta H 1
y1sQopSErX4-00290-00218632-00219090 star is positive for an exothermic reaction. So, right hand side is positive. What is left
y1sQopSErX4-00291-00219090-00219671 hand side? For x, left hand side T is greater than T c for the system where, there is cooling;
y1sQopSErX4-00292-00219671-00220452 therefore, this is also positive. So, it is quiet consistent. So, what we get out of this
y1sQopSErX4-00293-00220452-00222033 is x equal to q v by F a 0 minus of delta H 1 star with minus or it is also equal to
y1sQopSErX4-00294-00222033-00223142 q tau, divided by C a 0 times minus delta H 1 star; is that clear, what we are saying?
y1sQopSErX4-00295-00223142-00223726 We know from our understanding of the physics of the process that whatever, the heat is
y1sQopSErX4-00296-00223726-00224252 generated by the reaction, is taken up by the cooling fluid. I put a negative sign here,
y1sQopSErX4-00297-00224252-00224707 because it is first law convention; q is formulated as heat; put into the system. Here, heat is
y1sQopSErX4-00298-00224707-00225269 removed from the system. That is why I put a negative sign. So, it says that the extent
y1sQopSErX4-00299-00225269-00226026 of the reaction, as by this definition, is given by q v by F a 0 delta H 1star or in this form.
y1sQopSErX4-00300-00226111-00226826 Now, we notice here, we are going to substitute for x from this equation, into this equation.
y1sQopSErX4-00301-00226826-00227925 So, I will call this equation as, I will put a number just to; I put this as equation 2,
y1sQopSErX4-00302-00227925-00228629 and therefore, this as equation 4. This is what I have in my note books,, so you will
y1sQopSErX4-00303-00228629-00229225 bare with me. So, I want to substitute for x from equation 4 into equation 2; that is
y1sQopSErX4-00304-00229225-00229389 all I am going to do now.
y1sQopSErX4-00305-00229389-00230940 When you do this, you get q equal to k 1 alpha C a 0, 1 minus x is what; q tau, divided by
y1sQopSErX4-00306-00230940-00232133 C a 0 times minus of delta H 1 star; is this clear? What are we doing? This is minus q.
y1sQopSErX4-00307-00232133-00232696 I am substituting x from 4 into 2. So, minus q equal to k 1 alpha; I have just written
y1sQopSErX4-00308-00232696-00233228 exactly, what I have written and minus of x; since, x has got a minus sign, I put a
y1sQopSErX4-00309-00233228-00234350 plus, all right. So, this equation gives us alpha equal to minus of q by k 1, divided
y1sQopSErX4-00310-00234350-00235348 by alpha equal to q by k 1, divided by C a 0, within bracket, 1 plus q tau, divided by
y1sQopSErX4-00311-00235348-00236591 C a 0 times minus of delta H 1 star. Let me just make small simplification, just to make
y1sQopSErX4-00312-00236591-00237083 it look a little nice. So, I will just simplify it slightly.
y1sQopSErX4-00313-00237083-00238405 So, alpha equal to q by k 1 with a minus sign, divided by; I take C a 0 common. So, it becomes
y1sQopSErX4-00314-00238405-00239608 C a 0 plus q tau, divided by q tau delta H 1 star, with a minus sign; have you got it
y1sQopSErX4-00315-00239608-00240340 right? Then, there will be a minus delta H 1 star in numerator; is that correct? Please
y1sQopSErX4-00316-00240340-00241126 tell me, have you got it right? Taking common C a 0, cancels off; minus delta H 1 star goes
y1sQopSErX4-00317-00241126-00241873 up; it is fine. So, what are we saying now? What we are saying is that what is alpha?
y1sQopSErX4-00318-00241873-00242694 Alpha is catalyst activity. Now, what can we do, which means that we can change the
y1sQopSErX4-00319-00242694-00243252 activity of the catalyst by putting active catalyst along with some amount of inert.
y1sQopSErX4-00320-00243252-00243852 On other words, by mixing the catalyst with some inert, we can actually, change the activity
y1sQopSErX4-00321-00243852-00244346 of catalyst that we are going to put inside the reaction equipment. Now, what this equation
y1sQopSErX4-00322-00244346-00244983 saying is that if you want to maintain the temperature of the reactor, constant across
y1sQopSErX4-00323-00244983-00245548 the reactor, if this temperature has to be constant everywhere, then the catalyst activity;
y1sQopSErX4-00324-00245548-00246307 that means, the amount of catalyst we will put here, put here and put here; this should
y1sQopSErX4-00325-00246307-00246988 be changed and that program of change is going to be described by this equation; that means,
y1sQopSErX4-00326-00246988-00247514 you must change the amount of catalyst that you are going to put into unit volume of the
y1sQopSErX4-00327-00247514-00247944 reaction equipment here, and here, and here and so on; it should be described by this
y1sQopSErX4-00328-00247944-00248705 equation. On other words, you have to exercise lot of care in filling a reactor with catalyst,
y1sQopSErX4-00329-00248705-00249342 and if you fill the reactor with catalyst as per this equation, then your reactor will
y1sQopSErX4-00330-00249342-00249965 perform at the temperature that you have chosen. Therefore, you have gotten rid of one the
y1sQopSErX4-00331-00249965-00250448 most difficult problems of trying to operate a chemical reactor, because this chemical
y1sQopSErX4-00332-00250448-00251281 reactor will run exactly, at the temperature at which, you have designed. Now, let us just
y1sQopSErX4-00333-00251281-00251734 put it in another slightly different form, so that, we can appreciate the usefulness of the equation.
y1sQopSErX4-00334-00251971-00252898 Alpha equal to minus of q by k 1 minus of delta H 1 star with the minus sign, divided
y1sQopSErX4-00335-00252898-00253869 by minus of delta H 1 star times C a 0, plus q, we can tau as q divided by v 0. So, I can
y1sQopSErX4-00336-00253869-00254503 put v 0 here; I can put v 0 here. On other words, what we are saying is that v 0 times
y1sQopSErX4-00337-00254503-00255601 minus of q by k 1, minus of delta H 1 star, divided by v 0, minus of delta H 1 star C
y1sQopSErX4-00338-00255601-00256531 a 0 plus q v, equal to alpha. So, what we are saying now, is that if you make a plot
y1sQopSErX4-00339-00256531-00257726 of alpha versus v, as v increases, alpha decreases. Please note that q is negative. Therefore,
y1sQopSErX4-00340-00257726-00258209 as v increases, the denominator keeps on decreasing and therefore, you will find that if we start
y1sQopSErX4-00341-00258209-00258683 here, and then therefore, alpha keeps on increasing; therefore, we are actually, putting a higher
y1sQopSErX4-00342-00258683-00259384 and higher amount of catalyst at later positions in the equipment, because of this program
y1sQopSErX4-00343-00259384-00260004 of catalyst laying inside the reactor, you are able to maintain the constant temperature.
y1sQopSErX4-00344-00260004-00260871 So, it is this profile of catalyst loading in reaction equipment; that ensures that you
y1sQopSErX4-00345-00260871-00261346 will get uniform temperature throughout the equipment. Let us ask one more question; all
y1sQopSErX4-00346-00261346-00262013 right, we have done our design for at a given temperature T equal to 220, all right, C a
y1sQopSErX4-00347-00262013-00263018 0 equal to some value, or v 0 equal to some value. Now in a process, C a 0 might change;
y1sQopSErX4-00348-00263018-00263566 v 0 might change. So, many things may happen in your process. How do we manage to run a
y1sQopSErX4-00349-00263566-00264297 process at constant temperature, despite variations in all these kinds of processes? Now, we can
y1sQopSErX4-00350-00264297-00264715 understand this and we can also, address these things, quiet easily now by looking at these
y1sQopSErX4-00351-00264715-00265082 equations we have written now. Let us say, let us take an example to illustrate what I am saying.
y1sQopSErX4-00352-00265171-00265921 What we are saying now? We are saying that C a 0 has changed; C a 0 has been increased
y1sQopSErX4-00353-00265921-00266872 or decreased, let us say. So, C a 0 has changed; that means, if you want to maintain this heat
y1sQopSErX4-00354-00266872-00267951 release, this must be equal to q. How do we ensure this equality? This q is given by this
y1sQopSErX4-00355-00267951-00268889 quantity; 4 h by d T c. On other words, we can adjust T c to get our temperature T or
y1sQopSErX4-00356-00268889-00269558 alternatively, if you do not adjust T, your temperature will automatically, reset. Instead
y1sQopSErX4-00357-00269558-00270205 of operating at 220, you may operate at 215 or 225. In both cases, you will still be operating
y1sQopSErX4-00358-00270205-00270733 at a constant temperature. That is the point I am trying to put across to you; that this
y1sQopSErX4-00359-00270733-00271426 design gives you an opportunity to operate a process at a constant temperature, but you
y1sQopSErX4-00360-00271426-00271843 do not want to run at a temperature, which is more than the temperature you prefer.
y1sQopSErX4-00361-00271843-00272478 On other words, if your design is only 220, and you do not want it to be more than 220,
y1sQopSErX4-00362-00272478-00273133 clearly, you do not want a higher value, a different value of C a 0. If it is going to
y1sQopSErX4-00363-00273133-00273546 give a higher temperature, you do not want it, in which case, you will have to reset
y1sQopSErX4-00364-00273546-00274207 your T c, so that, it takes place. On other words, here is an instance of a design, which
y1sQopSErX4-00365-00274207-00275066 gives you a lot of control over managing the quality of the catalyst, so that, the catalyst
y1sQopSErX4-00366-00275066-00275733 life is preserved; catalyst performance remains as you have designed, and your process control
y1sQopSErX4-00367-00275733-00276246 becomes much easier than what you would anticipate. So, just to cut this long story short, what
y1sQopSErX4-00368-00276246-00276831 I am trying to say in tubular reactor design is that this approach of trying to maintain
y1sQopSErX4-00369-00276831-00277359 constant, might be of great value, particularly, with expensive catalyst that we often encounter
y1sQopSErX4-00370-00277359-00277589 in the process industry. Thank you.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00000-00000092-00000540 Hi guys, welcome to our presentation on self lubricating surfaces.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00001-00000540-00001011 This is for Engineering 422 - Surface Engineering's  topic analysis, we're team eight within the
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00002-00001011-00001434 class, my name is avi and I'll be starting us off for today. We'll be
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00003-00001434-00001719 moving at a rather brisk pace so if you want to take a closer look at anything
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00004-00001719-00002067 please feel free to pause things. So let's get right into things by
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00005-00002067-00002751 introducing tribological surfaces, so tribological surfaces are classified as
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00006-00002751-00003042 surfaces that react to physical interactions in their environment and
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00007-00003042-00003450 change due to it. In recent years we've seen a dramatic explosion of research
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00008-00003450-00003786 and development of these kinds of materials, you may have seen or heard of
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00009-00003786-00004187 self-healing materials, or perhaps even of self lubricating materials. Our focus
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00010-00004187-00004637 today of course is on the latter. Self lubricating surfaces are actually a
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00011-00004637-00004946 subset of tribological surfaces, that react to pressure,
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00012-00004946-00005339 friction, or other environmental stimulus by excreting lubricant to coat the
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00013-00005339-00005873 surface of the material. We can split up self lubricated surfaces into three
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00014-00005873-00006323 primary kinds, or classifications: Embedded lubricant materials, materials
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00015-00006323-00006665 that utilize lubricant from their environment, and finally materials that
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00016-00006665-00007061 use a surface coating of some sort to achieve this property. In addition to
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00017-00007061-00007422 this we can also observe self lubricating properties within biology, an
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00018-00007422-00007772 example of this is how ducks excrete oil to coat their feathers in order to
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00019-00007772-00008271 achieve better buoyancy in the water. So what do these surfaces actually look like?
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00020-00008271-00008690 One of the most common implementations is materials that have
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00021-00008690-00009084 nano capsules of lubricant embedded within them. This allows for lubricant to
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00022-00009084-00009429 seep through the porous cavities of the material onto the surface when pressure
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00023-00009429-00009918 is applied. You can see in our figure here when force is applied to the surface
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00024-00009918-00010472 of the material, it excretes a lubricant from within it. Now that we have a basic
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00025-00010472-00010974 idea of what self lubricated surfaces actually look like and how they work we
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00026-00010974-00011424 can move on to characterizing and quantifying their performance. within this
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00027-00011424-00011979 slide we're gonna be focusing primarily on two things, firstly we're looking at
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00028-00011979-00012386 the performance characteristics of a titanium substrate and then we're gonna
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00029-00012386-00012797 look at the same substrate with a PTFE coating applied to the surface using a
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00030-00012797-00013179 plasma electrolytic oxidization treatment we can observe within figure
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00031-00013179-00013388 two and three how the frictional coefficient
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00032-00013388-00013818 and the average roughness of these surfaces change, potentially contrary to
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00033-00013818-00014085 your expectations the average roughness of the surface
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00034-00014085-00014466 with the coating applied to it is actually higher. this is likely due to
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00035-00014466-00014840 the deposition of the additional material onto the surface.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00036-00014840-00015201 finally we can take a look at the decrease in the wear rate of the surface
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00037-00015201-00015576 alongside the change in the frictional coefficient we can see a correlated
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00038-00015576-00015960 response in the wear rates of the surface. we can see that the wear rates in the
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00039-00015960-00016319 surface with the coating applied to it are decreased almost a hundredfold this
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00040-00016319-00016626 has massive implications and the usability and application of these
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00041-00016626-00016992 materials but we will leave that for later for now I'm gonna pass things off
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00042-00016992-00017720 to Sonia to explain more. Hi everyone my name is Sonia and I will continue our
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00043-00017720-00018264 presentation with introducing apparent contact angle of water droplet on
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00044-00018264-00018948 self-lubricating surface with oil okay what is important here is critical
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00045-00018948-00019500 contact angle of water on oil and gas on oil because Young's contact angle of
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00046-00019500-00019884 them should be less than critical ones and critical contact angle depends on
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00047-00019884-00020292 the roughness and solid fraction that we can change with design as you can see in
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00048-00020292-00020751 the figure on parts C and E with vanishing contact angle of gas on oil
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00049-00020751-00021360 and water on oil we are separating the solid phase from water and gas, if we are
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00050-00021360-00022056 not as you can see on figure B and D water and oil can pin on the solid part
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00051-00022056-00022653 and increase contact angle hysteresis. Here cassie-baxter state is governing so
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00052-00022653-00023178 we can calculate cassie-baxter contact angle for water on oil and gas and oil and
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00053-00023178-00023709 use that one for apparent contact angle calculation as you can see in the
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00054-00023709-00024254 equation apparent contact angle is not depend just on Cassie baxter contact
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00055-00024254-00024770 angles it depends on interfacial tension of three phase for example if we have
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00056-00024770-00025338 really low interfacial tension of water and oil we can say apparent contact
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00057-00025338-00025982 angle is close to cassie-baxter contact angle of gas on oil another parameter
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00058-00025982-00026502 which works to discuss here is a spreading parameter, contact angle is not
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00059-00026502-00026781 providing enough information on wetting but
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00060-00026781-00027377 how we can figure out, if our lubricant is covering all of the substrate and
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00061-00027377-00027908 make a thin layer of film? okay it depends on spreading parameter if we
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00062-00027908-00028445 have positive spreading parameter, we have that thin layer of the film. not individual
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00063-00028445-00028958 droplets of lubricant on the surface. here you can see the changing surface
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00064-00028958-00029757 energy in this example from steel to fluorinated DLS in using Pio oil on it a
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00065-00029757-00030174 spreading parameter is decreasing from positive amount to negative amount and
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00066-00030174-00030641 content angle is increasing as well as long as the speeding parameter
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00067-00030641-00031370 is positive we are fine now we can talk about advantages disadvantages for
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00068-00031370-00031976 actual surfaces for advantages we can say self lubricating surface have
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00069-00031976-00032727 longevity due to reduced wear rate and they can repel all kind of the liquids
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00070-00032727-00033186 not just water despite usual super hydrophobic surfaces
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00071-00033186-00033666 they are optically transparent and they can repulse solid particles and they
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00072-00033666-00034271 have anti fouling properties like ice-phobicity and for
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00073-00034271-00034866 disadvantages we can say that mostly they are using fluorinated lubricants
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00074-00034866-00035496 which produce toxic chemical as by-product they should use initial
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00075-00035496-00036033 lubricant which is oil and grease and they have low thermal stability and they
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00076-00036033-00036495 are not stable in high shear force and they don't have high strength because of
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00077-00036495-00037002 the way that they are manufactured so they cannot last in high stress and
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00078-00037002-00037809 in some cases we will face cloaking problems and etc. how to manufacture self
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00079-00037809-00038316 lubricating surfaces and slips they have similar manufacturing but they're
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00080-00038316-00038805 different in first step we have three steps the on the first steps for slips
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00081-00038805-00039270 we roughen the flat substrate because the roughness is the key to
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00082-00039270-00039947 maintain lubricant on it and for self lubricating surfaces we are making porous
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00083-00039947-00040338 substrate in the second step we functionalize the
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00084-00040338-00040916 surface to make it active to bond it lubricant and in the last step we infuse
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00085-00040916-00041544 the surface with lubricating liquid you can see an example of fabrication of a slips
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00086-00041544-00042213 aluminium surface in the figure. What are the challenges that we will face?
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00087-00042213-00042659 during using these surfaces and manufacturing them the first one is
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00088-00042659-00043218 design how to design and make the droplet to exist in which state (we desire)
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00089-00043218-00043706 Cassie-Baxter, Hemi-Wicking, or Wenzel. In order to optimize frictional coefficient
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00090-00043706-00044303 and reducing the drag and the other challenge that we are facing here is
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00091-00044303-00044914 lubricant how long the lubricant can't last and what is the effective life-span
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00092-00044914-00045497 of the surface because some of the lubricants are degradable.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00093-00045497-00045592 now we can talk about three fascinating examples of self lubricating surfaces,
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00094-00045592-00046544 first one is inspired by a living antifouling surface, we can talk about pitcher it has
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00095-00046544-00047115 a waxy part inside that is (slippery) and it's using that for trapping insects inside.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00096-00047115-00047706 Inspire that researchers created 3d vascular system of PDMS and fill all of
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00097-00047706-00048306 the porosities with silicone oil infused PDMS here shows really low biofilm
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00098-00048306-00048806 coverage compared to PDMS and glass samples
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00099-00049072-00049520 Hi I'm Danielle, and I'm going to be talking to you about self lubricated hip replacements
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00100-00049526-00050000 the tribological performance of a hip replacement has a
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00101-00050000-00050492 high impact on the success and longevity of the replacement. Clinical outcomes of
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00102-00050492-00050840 wear testing have found that friction and wear are influenced not just by
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00103-00050840-00051280 applied forces and external loads, but also by the material of the replacements
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00104-00051280-00051691 ability to build a lubrication film layer. In one of the journals we
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00105-00051691-00052190 researched, Chowdhury et al. stated on hip replacement recipients around 50
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00106-00052190-00052786 percent are aged between 45 and 64 who may live for another 25 to 30 years
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00107-00052786-00053360 unfortunately the orthopedic implants generally only last 15 to 20 years it is
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00108-00053360-00053687 apparent that longevity and hip replacements is an issue which requires
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00109-00053687-00054134 innovation towards improvement, surface engineering advances aim to solve this
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00110-00054134-00054458 problem through designing hip replacement alternatives which build and
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00111-00054458-00054769 maintain a lubrication film layer in the joint.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00112-00054769-00055208 The first self lubricating hip replacement patent we looked at works as
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00113-00055208-00055727 a traditional lubricated surface, not a lubricant infused surface. In this design
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00114-00055727-00056129 lubricating fluid fills the textures pillars while also creating an excess
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00115-00056129-00056591 lubrication layer on top of the surfaces pillars, this is the hemi-wicking state
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00116-00056591-00057083 where the lubricant is in contact with itself. this patent intended to achieve
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00117-00057083-00057517 the state through fabrication of metal and ceramic implantable articulation
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00118-00057517-00058046 members, with small channels throughout the design, allowing synovial fluid the
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00119-00058046-00058466 hip capsules natural lubricant, to move through the articulation member and
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00120-00058466-00058925 create the desired excess lubrication layer necessary to mimic natural hip
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00121-00058925-00059597 joint mechanics. The second design discussed is also a lubricated surface, not
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00122-00059597-00060050 a lubricant infused surface this design utilizes surface engineering by
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00123-00060050-00060446 manipulating roughness in the form of micro-dimpling on the surface of the
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00124-00060446-00060955 prosthesis to better maintain the lubrication layer. Micro dimples act as
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00125-00060955-00061342 reservoirs for the lubricant in the prosthesis which maintain an increased
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00126-00061342-00061721 lubrication. It should be noted that a lubricant must be injected into the
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00127-00061721-00061985 prosthetic joint between the wear surfaces
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00128-00061985-00062401 for this technology to be utilized. A dimpled hip replacement was found to
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00129-00062401-00062800 have a lubrication film layer roughly 3.5 times thicker than the layer on a
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00130-00062800-00063329 standard prosthetic a micro dimpled surface on a prosthetic hip replacement
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00131-00063329-00063730 allows for less wear and greater longevity of implant through ability to
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00132-00063730-00064175 sustain the thick lubrication film layer in the Hemi wicking state on the
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00133-00064175-00064557 surfaces of the prosthetic implant.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00134-00064577-00065070 Hi I'm Tyler, and I'll be talking about self lubricating surfaces in industrial
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00135-00065070-00065532 applications. A self lubricating bearing can be better in situations where
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00136-00065532-00065929 regular maintenance is difficult or where constantly feeding oil to the
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00137-00065929-00066357 bearing is infeasible. There are three main types of self lubricating bearings
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00138-00066357-00066870 homogeneous metal composites, metal backed laminates, and homogeneous nonmetallic
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00139-00066870-00067399 composites. Homogeneous metal composites are technically an oil infused surface
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00140-00067399-00067863 that slowly emit oil as the bearing heats up metal backed laminates emit
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00141-00067863-00068254 solid lubricant such as Teflon or graphite as the bearings heat up, or
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00142-00068254-00068769 through friction. And homogeneous nonmetallic composites, which typically
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00143-00068769-00069216 bond Teflon to steel using resins, or wound plastics.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00144-00069216-00069925 A lifetime analysis of a self lubricating tungsten carbide bearing versus a standard bearing are
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00145-00069925-00070429 shown up in the graph. It shows that for low oscillatory loads the self
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00146-00070429-00070912 lubricating bearing had a far greater lifetime however the time to wear out
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00147-00070912-00071258 between the two bearings converges as a larger load is applied.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00148-00071258-00071704 Self lubricating bearings are very useful in load load environments where either regular
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00149-00071704-00072232 replacement, or regular lubrication is unfeasible; Such as aircraft or remote
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00150-00072232-00073426 work areas. Next we will tie our topic back to concepts that we learn from our ENGR 422
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00151-00073426-00073689 surface engineering course. In the literature we found a real-life example
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00152-00073689-00074301 of a fabricated self lubricating surface, the surface consists of 1 micrometer
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00153-00074301-00074868 square pillars which are 50 micrometers wide and equally spaced.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00154-00074868-00075397 Using this known geometry we found the critical angle, and from that we can see
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00155-00075397-00075876 that the critical contact angle is incredibly high. And from that we can say
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00156-00075876-00076291 that the surface energetically favors the Wenzel state meaning it will be
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00157-00076291-00076956 fully wetted, another example that ties back to our surface engineering
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00158-00076956-00077539 course is finding spreading parameters for a common medical material (used in implants like the hip transplant presented earlier.)
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00159-00077539-00078073 a cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy is commonly used in the medical field for
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00160-00078073-00078400 implants because of its wear and corrosion resistance.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00161-00078400-00079074 We know the quantities of each material approximately (64) percent cobalt, (30)%
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00162-00079074-00079780 chromium and 6% molybdenum, as well as the surface energy for each. From this we
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00163-00079780-00080185 found the surface energy for the alloy, and after that we selected an example
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00164-00080185-00080668 lubricant. We then calculated the spreading parameter for the lubricant on
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00165-00080668-00081160 our alloy surface, a spreading parameter greater than 0 means lubricant will
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00166-00081160-00081468 cover our surface.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00167-00081636-00082131 Now let us conclude, we introduced the working principles behind self
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00168-00082131-00082486 lubricating surfaces, then we laid out the design challenges and implications
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00169-00082486-00082839 of the technology. We found three real-world examples of self lubricating
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00170-00082839-00083350 surfaces, within nature, in the medical field, and in industrial settings respectively.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00171-00083350-00083668 And finally we directly tied self lubricating surfaces to
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00172-00083668-00083914 concepts learned from our surface engineering course.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00173-00083914-00084304 While self lubricating surfaces are already in use in a small scale for specialized
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00174-00084304-00084726 applications, as the price and ease of manufacturing declines the technology
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00175-00084726-00085147 will be more widely adopted throughout the market. Ultimately the wider use of
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00176-00085147-00085462 this technology would make bone and joint replacements longer-lasting and
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00177-00085462-00085897 reduced the need for invasive surgery on our elderly population, and would cause
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00178-00085897-00086254 considerably less industrial waste generation every year by having bearings
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00179-00086254-00086727 wear out far slower. I hope like me, you too are looking forward to what the
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00180-00086727-00087193 future holds for this technology. I hope you enjoyed our presentation and I'd
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00181-00087193-00087445 like to leave you with a few questions to reflect on.
y2jsA1HNOYQ-00182-00087445-00087786 Thank you and have a nice day.
y3_VvpENbEY-00000-00000216-00000367 Puppy Toys
y3_VvpENbEY-00001-00000571-00000788 Let's learn numbers and colors
y3_VvpENbEY-00002-00000880-00000967 One
y3_VvpENbEY-00003-00001088-00001176 Two
y3_VvpENbEY-00004-00001267-00001359 Three
y3_VvpENbEY-00005-00001434-00001518 Four
y3_VvpENbEY-00006-00001614-00001689 Five
y3_VvpENbEY-00007-00001780-00001868 Six
y3_VvpENbEY-00008-00001951-00002064 Seven
y3_VvpENbEY-00009-00002127-00002218 Eight
y3_VvpENbEY-00010-00002273-00002373 Nine
y3_VvpENbEY-00011-00002444-00002531 Ten
y3_VvpENbEY-00012-00003123-00003211 Blue
y3_VvpENbEY-00013-00003883-00003983 Green
y3_VvpENbEY-00014-00004667-00004767 Purple
y3_VvpENbEY-00015-00005622-00005722 Orange
y3_VvpENbEY-00016-00006544-00006656 White
y3_VvpENbEY-00017-00009109-00009209 Pink
y3_VvpENbEY-00018-00013713-00013813 Red
y3_VvpENbEY-00019-00015436-00015536 Yellow
y3_VvpENbEY-00020-00016358-00016558 Learning numbers and colors
y3_VvpENbEY-00021-00020124-00020224 Green
y3_VvpENbEY-00022-00021996-00022084 Purple
y3_VvpENbEY-00023-00030743-00030926 We learned numbers and colors
y3_VvpENbEY-00024-00031039-00031131 Puppy Toys
y6J55JUTQmu-00000-00000589-00000781 The Internet allows all of us
y6J55JUTQmu-00001-00000781-00000973 to let our imaginations run wild
y6J55JUTQmu-00002-00000973-00001154 When we love something on the internet
y6J55JUTQmu-00003-00001154-00001312 we add to it, we change it...
y6J55JUTQmu-00004-00001312-00001540 we copy bits of it and leave our own mark.
y6J55JUTQmu-00005-00001540-00001661 Much of our culture is
y6J55JUTQmu-00006-00001661-00001838 made by everyday people.
y6J55JUTQmu-00007-00001838-00001943 on the internet
y6J55JUTQmu-00008-00001943-00002140 ideas take on a life of their own...
y6J55JUTQmu-00009-00002140-00002413 and end up in unexpected places.
y6J55JUTQmu-00010-00002413-00002642 Ideas create jobs and new industries.
y6J55JUTQmu-00011-00002642-00002831 But in the European Union
y6J55JUTQmu-00012-00002831-00003115 copyright laws were written for a different age
y6J55JUTQmu-00013-00003115-00003267 industries of the past
y6J55JUTQmu-00014-00003267-00003435 have control of our online life
y6J55JUTQmu-00015-00003435-00003640 it doesn't make sense.
y6J55JUTQmu-00016-00003640-00003797 In some parts of Europe
y6J55JUTQmu-00017-00003797-00004077 photographing public buildings is illegal
y6J55JUTQmu-00018-00004077-00004335 And remixing images, words or sounds
y6J55JUTQmu-00019-00004335-00004573 to say something new is not allowed.
y6J55JUTQmu-00020-00004573-00004868 Our economy, our culture,
y6J55JUTQmu-00021-00004868-00005143 and our fun suffers
y6J55JUTQmu-00022-00005278-00005452 We need copyright laws that
y6J55JUTQmu-00023-00005452-00005675 fit the way we live our lives online.
y6J55JUTQmu-00024-00005763-00006025 The time to act is right now
y6J55JUTQmu-00025-00006056-00006228 Let's take action to bring
y6J55JUTQmu-00026-00006228-00006550 EU copyright law into the 21st century
y8ag5LLxTDg-00000-00000040-00000516 Ahmed Johnson: Well, thank you, William.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00001-00000516-00000784 I'm really happy to be here.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00002-00000784-00000911 My name is Ahmed Johnson.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00003-00000911-00001529 I'm a reference librarian, as William said, at the Local History and Genealogy Reading
y8ag5LLxTDg-00004-00001529-00001629 Room.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00005-00001629-00002059 Now, when I first got the call to do this presentation, I was really excited.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00006-00002059-00002159 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00007-00002159-00002773 Come in, talk about your collections and resources relevant for African-American genealogical
y8ag5LLxTDg-00008-00002773-00003011 research, and then I was told I only had 15 minutes.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00009-00003011-00003111 [laughter]
y8ag5LLxTDg-00010-00003111-00003211 So.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00011-00003211-00003344 [laughs] I'm going to get started, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00012-00003344-00003761 Because I think I'm at almost 14 now.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00013-00003761-00004079 So, once again, that's my name and title.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00014-00004079-00004653 Now, I always like to start with a historical background about the Library of Congress and
y8ag5LLxTDg-00015-00004653-00004901 our African-American collection.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00016-00004901-00005116 So I'm going to read this really quickly.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00017-00005116-00005597 I hate to read, but -- for over 200 years, the Library of Congress has amassed resources
y8ag5LLxTDg-00018-00005597-00006251 bound about African-Americans as part of its mission to promote the comprehensive study
y8ag5LLxTDg-00019-00006251-00006451 of American history and culture.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00020-00006451-00006551 Right.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00021-00006551-00007103 Since 1870, because of copyright deposits, our collection has enhanced.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00022-00007103-00007569 We have books, microforms, maps, music, and so forth.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00023-00007569-00008481 Many of these deposits reflect the African-American experience in the context of slavery, reconstruction,
y8ag5LLxTDg-00024-00008481-00008720 and the civil rights movement, among others.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00025-00008720-00009223 So we're not just books; we're maps, we're newspapers, we're city directories, manuscripts,
y8ag5LLxTDg-00026-00009223-00009427 and so forth.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00027-00009427-00009684 But we don't have every book every published.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00028-00009684-00009953 I get that all the time.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00029-00009953-00010053 [laughter]
y8ag5LLxTDg-00030-00010053-00010778 Now, relating to our African-American collections, no count has ever been made of all the subject
y8ag5LLxTDg-00031-00010778-00011149 areas comprising African-American history and culture.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00032-00011149-00011249 Why?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00033-00011249-00011727 Because it's spread throughout the general collections, as I mentioned earlier: literature,
y8ag5LLxTDg-00034-00011727-00012345 slavery, the slave trade, Civil War, civil rights, and et cetera.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00035-00012345-00012907 Just some really basic genealogical research methods; these are really basic, once again,
y8ag5LLxTDg-00036-00012907-00013155 I want to emphasize that.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00037-00013155-00013443 Usually I tell people to begin with yourself.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00038-00013443-00013691 Don't start with great-grandma, great-grandpa.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00039-00013691-00013824 Start with yourself.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00040-00013824-00014265 Because we all have two parents, four grandparents, eight great-grandparents, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00041-00014265-00014601 And you may find a connection further up the tree.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00042-00014601-00014748 I always mention that.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00043-00014748-00015034 And then, of course, you want to document it with vital records.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00044-00015034-00015201 What are vital records?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00045-00015201-00015566 They're birth, death, marriage, sometimes even divorce records.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00046-00015566-00015666 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00047-00015666-00015881 And you can trace your family history.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00048-00015881-00016538 That should say 1940 now, because recently, the 1940 census, and primarily for African-Americans,
y8ag5LLxTDg-00049-00016538-00016831 you can go back to 1870.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00050-00016831-00017390 You want to interview your oldest living relative and investigate things lying in the attic.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00051-00017390-00017878 The trunk, not the truck -- trunks, basement, and so forth.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00052-00017878-00018306 And, of course, after you exhaust all of your resources at home, you want to get out into
y8ag5LLxTDg-00053-00018306-00018970 the community, visit your local genealogical society, county courthouse, state archives,
y8ag5LLxTDg-00054-00018970-00019148 et cetera.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00055-00019148-00019640 Like I mentioned earlier, trace your family back to the 1870 census.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00056-00019640-00020295 Before that, in most cases, African-Americans are trying to identify the last slave owner.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00057-00020295-00020443 Okay.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00058-00020443-00020865 How can we, at the Library of Congress, help you with this research, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00059-00020865-00020965 Okay.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00060-00020965-00021637 The best place for information about our resources and collections is our website.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00061-00021637-00021801 Great information on here.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00062-00021801-00022324 I didn't put an arrow on this, but that "Ask a Librarian" link, that allows you to submit
y8ag5LLxTDg-00063-00022324-00022754 a question via email directly to the reference staff.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00064-00022754-00023337 And we will return your -- we will respond to your question within five days.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00065-00023337-00023787 Also, we have a link on our website titled "Bibliographies and Guides."
y8ag5LLxTDg-00066-00023787-00024063 These are guides created by reference librarians.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00067-00024063-00024435 And because we're here today to talk about African-Americans, I figured I should focus
y8ag5LLxTDg-00068-00024435-00025056 on the three African-American guides that we have: "African-American Family History,"
y8ag5LLxTDg-00069-00025056-00025738 "Generations Past," and "Afro-American Genealogical Research."
y8ag5LLxTDg-00070-00025738-00026405 The first one, "African-American Family Histories," this allows -- this is a selected list.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00071-00026405-00026505 Not everything.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00072-00026505-00026605 It's not comprehensive.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00073-00026605-00027119 This is a selective list of family histories about African-Americans.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00074-00027119-00027555 So this is probably the first place you want to check to see if we have anything relating
y8ag5LLxTDg-00075-00027555-00027780 to your family history.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00076-00027780-00028195 Also, we have something called "Generations Past."
y8ag5LLxTDg-00077-00028195-00028878 Similar to the first one, but this includes your local histories: state histories, county
y8ag5LLxTDg-00078-00028878-00029094 histories, and so forth.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00079-00029094-00029268 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00080-00029268-00029457 Then we go to our online catalog.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00081-00029457-00029763 What would we be without our catalog?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00082-00029763-00030193 If you don't find anything in the first two resources I mentioned, you want to come here
y8ag5LLxTDg-00083-00030193-00030462 to our online catalog.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00084-00030462-00030565 Really simple to do.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00085-00030565-00030803 I live in Prince George's County.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00086-00030803-00030918 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00087-00030918-00031375 You just simply put in "Prince George's County," followed by the state; you do a subject browse.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00088-00031375-00031877 This will give you every book that we have relating to Prince George's County.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00089-00031877-00032045 So let's see.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00090-00032045-00032234 See all the different subject headings?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00091-00032234-00032702 We have 30 books relating to Prince George's County and genealogy.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00092-00032702-00032935 What type of records will you find in these books?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00093-00032935-00033499 Transcriptions of marriage records, tax records, land records, and so forth.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00094-00033499-00034391 So, just an example of a titles list: 1828 tax lists, records of the White Marsh Church,
y8ag5LLxTDg-00095-00034391-00034956 probate records, which is critical for African-Americans because usually slaves were willed down to
y8ag5LLxTDg-00096-00034956-00035616 descendants, so you may find something in those probate records as well.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00097-00035616-00035899 And here's an example of an actual record.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00098-00035899-00036396 Index of marriage licenses in Prince George's County from 1777 to 1886.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00099-00036396-00036952 And if you wanted to order that book, you just simply write down that call number, and
y8ag5LLxTDg-00100-00036952-00037211 the Library of Congress is a closed stack library.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00101-00037211-00037550 What that means is you don't get the material for yourself.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00102-00037550-00037736 We deliver the material for you.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00103-00037736-00037996 So you're a VIP when you come to the Library of Congress.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00104-00037996-00038096 [laughter]
y8ag5LLxTDg-00105-00038096-00038196 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00106-00038196-00038555 Now, you can do the same thing for your family history, as I mentioned earlier.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00107-00038555-00039227 If you don't find your name in that selected bibliography, you can come to our online catalog.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00108-00039227-00039807 My family name is Peters, so I just simply type in "Peters family," do a subject browse,
y8ag5LLxTDg-00109-00039807-00040068 and see what I get.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00110-00040068-00040241 See that number there that says 33?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00111-00040241-00040578 We have 33 books relating to the Peters family.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00112-00040578-00041080 Now, I can't guarantee any of these books are related to your family.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00113-00041080-00041180 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00114-00041180-00041280 That's your job.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00115-00041280-00041744 You're looking for names, dates, or locations relevant to what you already know about your
y8ag5LLxTDg-00116-00041744-00041987 family history.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00117-00041987-00042087 And here's an example.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00118-00042087-00042328 None of these books, by the way, were related to my family.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00119-00042328-00042428 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00120-00042428-00042556 I went through them.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00121-00042556-00042721 Guaranteed, not a one.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00122-00042721-00043288 So now it's my job to do that family history and put it in the Library of Congress, donate
y8ag5LLxTDg-00123-00043288-00043462 the publication.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00124-00043462-00043621 Okay.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00125-00043621-00044198 Primarily, people come to the Library of Congress to use our subscription databases.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00126-00044198-00044796 Everyone here is familiar with ancestry.com, Heritagequest, Proquest, historical newspapers,
y8ag5LLxTDg-00127-00044796-00045091 Proquest black newspapers.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00128-00045091-00045482 You can use all of these databases for free at the Library of Congress.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00129-00045482-00045796 If you do it from home, they want to charge you money, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00130-00045796-00046183 You can print from the Library of Congress, you can save it to your flash drive, you can
y8ag5LLxTDg-00131-00046183-00046419 even email it to your email account.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00132-00046419-00046519 Okay?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00133-00046519-00046721 So come on down to the Library of Congress.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00134-00046721-00046856 [laughter]
y8ag5LLxTDg-00135-00046856-00046988 Okay.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00136-00046988-00047515 Now, all of you aren't from D.C., I'm assuming, some people are from out of town.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00137-00047515-00047741 Everybody can't get to the Library of Congress.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00138-00047741-00047975 So how can we help you off site?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00139-00047975-00048272 We have a huge collection called American Memory.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00140-00048272-00048372 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00141-00048372-00048643 Over 20 million digitized collections.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00142-00048643-00049059 And for the purposes of this lecture, I focused on African-American.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00143-00049059-00049510 But as you can see, there are several other topics and subjects.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00144-00049510-00050015 Okay, if you go to African-American, you see about 17 collections.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00145-00050015-00050115 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00146-00050115-00050572 I selected African-Americans in Ohio.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00147-00050572-00051263 The coolest thing about this database is it's all keyword searching.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00148-00051263-00051404 You can make it your own.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00149-00051404-00051912 You can put in a name, you can put in a location, you can put in an occupation, and see what
y8ag5LLxTDg-00150-00051912-00052047 you get.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00151-00052047-00052619 I think I put in -- oh, William P. Hold [spelled phonetically], this is a slave narrative.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00152-00052619-00052754 We have the slave narratives.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00153-00052754-00052923 They're on microfilm.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00154-00052923-00053258 They've been digitized, and they're also within this collection.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00155-00053258-00053358 Okay?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00156-00053358-00053565 So we have them in several formats.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00157-00053565-00053885 Really critical for people researching their slave ancestry.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00158-00053885-00053996 Okay.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00159-00053996-00054189 So this is Mr. William P. Hold.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00160-00054189-00054424 Let's see what information this has.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00161-00054424-00054789 Once again, this is from African-Americans in Ohio.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00162-00054789-00054923 Okay.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00163-00054923-00055260 Great genealogical information in the slave narrative, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00164-00055260-00055582 He says he was born a slave in Halifax County.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00165-00055582-00056233 Gives his birth date, he even gives his mother and father's name, as you can see there.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00166-00056233-00056648 And then he gives us a migration trail.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00167-00056648-00057205 He says from Halifax County, he moved to Paris, Kentucky, and he got married.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00168-00057205-00057408 Now, he didn't give his wife's name.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00169-00057408-00057541 I wonder why.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00170-00057541-00057641 I'm married, too.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00171-00057641-00057788 I would've given my wife's name.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00172-00057788-00057888 [laughter]
y8ag5LLxTDg-00173-00057888-00058654 But then he talks about how he moved to Springfield, Ohio 25 years ago, so we have a trail of Mr.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00174-00058654-00059207 Hold, right, from Halifax, to Kentucky, to Ohio.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00175-00059207-00059584 And then we even have his current residence.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00176-00059584-00059912 And then we have a physical description of Mr. Hold.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00177-00059912-00060785 It says, "He's tall, still straight, and slender of build, and wears a grey beard, just like
y8ag5LLxTDg-00178-00060785-00060885 his hair."
y8ag5LLxTDg-00179-00060885-00060985 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00180-00060985-00061453 So if this was your ancestor, this would be great information because genealogy isn't
y8ag5LLxTDg-00181-00061453-00061796 just about names, dates, and locations.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00182-00061796-00062166 It's about what made people -- it's about physical description.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00183-00062166-00062415 We want to know how our ancestors looked, you know?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00184-00062415-00062730 We want to know what made them move from one place to another.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00185-00062730-00063254 This is the kind of stuff you can find on the American Memories site.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00186-00063254-00063565 So not just names, dates, and locations.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00187-00063565-00064077 We also have this great, great resource called Chronicling America.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00188-00064077-00064177 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00189-00064177-00064316 Digital newspapers from across the country.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00190-00064316-00064688 And I'm not going to spend too much time with this, because I don't know how much time I
y8ag5LLxTDg-00191-00064688-00064804 have left.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00192-00064804-00065305 But, anyway, it's newspapers from across the country, your smaller newspapers, not your
y8ag5LLxTDg-00193-00065305-00065483 major cities.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00194-00065483-00065880 And not every state is represented yet, but it's an ongoing project.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00195-00065880-00066157 And, once again, it's all keyword searching.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00196-00066157-00066573 You can put in a name, you can put in a location; what can you find?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00197-00066573-00066742 Obituaries, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00198-00066742-00067221 Obituaries, marriage -- when people were married in the newspaper.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00199-00067221-00067929 You know, back during the 18th, 19th century, newspapers contained all kinds of information,
y8ag5LLxTDg-00200-00067929-00068029 right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00201-00068029-00068231 Much more than they do now.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00202-00068231-00068763 And also, if we don't have the newspaper digitized, you can look at this directory, and we'll
y8ag5LLxTDg-00203-00068763-00069363 tell you where that newspaper is, what repository has that newspaper.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00204-00069363-00069844 I think it's an excellent site, and it's free.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00205-00069844-00069969 Okay.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00206-00069969-00070251 Next I want to talk about Built in America, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00207-00070251-00071045 This is the historic American building survey, digital photographs of historic buildings
y8ag5LLxTDg-00208-00071045-00071188 across the country.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00209-00071188-00071438 So what did I do?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00210-00071438-00071692 Remember that William Hold guy?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00211-00071692-00071917 He said he was born in Halifax County.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00212-00071917-00072119 He was born a slave, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00213-00072119-00072819 So I did a search, and I put in "Halifax County plantations," and I got this Berry Hill plantation
y8ag5LLxTDg-00214-00072819-00073109 which was in Halifax County.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00215-00073109-00073262 And look what I found.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00216-00073262-00073626 I found pictures of the plantation.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00217-00073626-00073791 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00218-00073791-00073978 That's what they were calling the big house.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00219-00073978-00074078 [laughter]
y8ag5LLxTDg-00220-00074078-00074276 That's where the slave owner lived, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00221-00074276-00074705 Now, we're going to look at the slave cabin.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00222-00074705-00075276 I'm not sure if this is his plantation, but probably similar, based on the description
y8ag5LLxTDg-00223-00075276-00075482 that he gave in the slave narrative.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00224-00075482-00075750 It was a huge plantation.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00225-00075750-00075883 Okay.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00226-00075883-00076029 So then what did I do?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00227-00076029-00076557 I stayed on Built in America, and I went to Springfield, Ohio, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00228-00076557-00076774 And look what I found.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00229-00076774-00077293 African-American historic district, Springfield, Ohio.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00230-00077293-00077920 And this is an image of the homes around the time that Mr. William P. Hold would've lived
y8ag5LLxTDg-00231-00077920-00078066 in that community.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00232-00078066-00078249 So I'm going to go back.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00233-00078249-00078528 That's quite a progression, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00234-00078528-00078912 You go from that to that.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00235-00078912-00079061 All right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00236-00079061-00079161 I think that's impressive.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00237-00079161-00079348 I don't know about you.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00238-00079348-00079456 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00239-00079456-00079745 So then, we have another group of records.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00240-00079745-00080193 They're called the Antebellum Southern Plantation records.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00241-00080193-00080543 Gold mine for people researching their slave ancestry.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00242-00080543-00080650 Why?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00243-00080650-00081248 Slave owners took very meticulous records, and African-Americans, oftentimes, have the
y8ag5LLxTDg-00244-00081248-00081795 problem of making that connection from slavery to emancipation.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00245-00081795-00082478 These records -- it's microfilm -- it's over -- approximately 1,500 reels of microfilm.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00246-00082478-00082578 Okay?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00247-00082578-00082925 And what kind of stuff can you find in these records?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00248-00082925-00083395 First of all, it's such a huge collection that you have to look at the index.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00249-00083395-00083495 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00250-00083495-00084045 Find out where the plantation was, the name of your family, and so forth, and look in
y8ag5LLxTDg-00251-00084045-00084191 the index.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00252-00084191-00084734 The index has it by name, name of plantation, name of slave owner.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00253-00084734-00084848 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00254-00084848-00085075 Two minutes.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00255-00085075-00085303 Yes, sir.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00256-00085303-00085417 Okay.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00257-00085417-00086224 Here's an example of the finding aid for the Southern Antebellum Plantation records.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00258-00086224-00086365 And this is the Bruce family.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00259-00086365-00086738 They also had a plantation in Halifax County.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00260-00086738-00087494 And it gives you a reel-by-reel description of what's on each reel of microfilm, each
y8ag5LLxTDg-00261-00087494-00087729 frame of the reel of microfilm.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00262-00087729-00088411 And you can see there 76, 78, James Bruce business papers, and so forth, business papers,
y8ag5LLxTDg-00263-00088411-00088575 business papers.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00264-00088575-00089257 And here's an example of the "List of Negroes" with what, first names.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00265-00089257-00089453 We don't see that on the federal record.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00266-00089453-00089553 Right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00267-00089553-00089896 "First names, Berry Hill Plantation List of Negroes."
y8ag5LLxTDg-00268-00089896-00090177 I see a William there, 1826.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00269-00090177-00090277 That's not my guy.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00270-00090277-00090771 That's not Mr. William P. Hold, but I thought I would highlight it anyway.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00271-00090771-00091177 Also, we see occupations of negroes.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00272-00091177-00091511 Carpenters, blacksmiths, so forth.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00273-00091511-00092006 Stuff you will not get before 1870 on the federal census.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00274-00092006-00092205 And you could look at some state census records.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00275-00092205-00092637 You may find some slaves and so forth.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00276-00092637-00093211 But on the federal record, you will not find names of slaves.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00277-00093211-00093587 So this is one of your best resources to do that research.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00278-00093587-00094470 Also, as I mentioned earlier, slaves were oftentimes handed down to relatives, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00279-00094470-00094628 And look at this.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00280-00094628-00095074 This guy gave away 402 slaves.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00281-00095074-00095242 Huge plantation, right?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00282-00095242-00095409 One of several plantations.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00283-00095409-00095798 This guy was one of the richest men in Virginia during his lifetime.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00284-00095798-00095898 Okay?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00285-00095898-00096324 So you get the picture of how much wealth came from the slave trade.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00286-00096324-00096480 And I always like to emphasize that.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00287-00096480-00096772 But I think that's all my time.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00288-00096772-00096951 I think I did it.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00289-00096951-00097089 Thank you.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00290-00097089-00097228 [laughter]
y8ag5LLxTDg-00291-00097228-00097366 [applause]
y8ag5LLxTDg-00292-00097366-00098066 Bill Pretzer: As promised, if there are any questions for
y8ag5LLxTDg-00293-00098066-00098507 Damani at this point, we'll also take questions at the very end of the presentation.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00294-00098507-00098814 Anyone want to run to a microphone at this point?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00295-00098814-00098914 Yes, sir.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00296-00098914-00099014 Male Speaker:Good morning.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00297-00099014-00099212 My name is Charles Holden [spelled phonetically], and I have a question for you.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00298-00099212-00099843 I have ancestors, great-great-grandparents who are escaped slaves that went to Canada,
y8ag5LLxTDg-00299-00099843-00100462 and one of their children supposedly wrote a manuscript about their escape.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00300-00100462-00101140 And the story I'm told is that decades before I was born, it was misplaced, and we don't
y8ag5LLxTDg-00301-00101140-00101263 know where it's at.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00302-00101263-00101993 I wonder if you have any ideas of resources at the Library of Congress or elsewhere that
y8ag5LLxTDg-00303-00101993-00102599 I might tap into that possibly could help me locate this if it's still in existence.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00304-00102599-00102748 Ahmed Johnson: Yes.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00305-00102748-00102897 Am I on?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00306-00102897-00103002 Male Speaker:Yes.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00307-00103002-00103188 Ahmed Johnson: Okay, good.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00308-00103188-00103288 You mentioned Canada?
y8ag5LLxTDg-00309-00103288-00103388 Male Speaker: Yes, yes.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00310-00103388-00103884 Ahmed Johnson: Okay, now, it depends on where the narrative
y8ag5LLxTDg-00311-00103884-00104139 was actually lost.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00312-00104139-00104310 So I'm not sure if -- like --
y8ag5LLxTDg-00313-00104310-00104980 Male Speaker:Well, they lived in Windsor, Ontario, and North Buxton, Ontario, but came
y8ag5LLxTDg-00314-00104980-00105080 to Detroit.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00315-00105080-00105180 Ahmed Johnson: Right.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00316-00105180-00105584 Male Speaker:And apparently that's where he was living when he died.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00317-00105584-00106174 Ahmed Johnson: The short answer is probably not.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00318-00106174-00106785 But the hopeful answer is maybe at a local genealogical historical society.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00319-00106785-00106885 I'm just not sure.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00320-00106885-00107302 But if we can talk after the lecture today, I maybe can give you more suggestions.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00321-00107302-00107402 Male Speaker:Sure.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00322-00107402-00107502 All right.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00323-00107502-00107602 Thank you.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00324-00107602-00107702 Ahmed Johnson: But hopefully, we can come up with some type
y8ag5LLxTDg-00325-00107702-00108056 of plan for you to continue your research.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00326-00108056-00108192 Thank you.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00327-00108192-00108407 Bill Pretzer:Thank you all.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00328-00108407-00108953 Our second speaker is Damani Davis, an archivist in the Research Services Division of the National
y8ag5LLxTDg-00329-00108953-00109661 Archives, who has published and lectured widely on using government resources for African-American
y8ag5LLxTDg-00330-00109661-00109823 genealogical research.
y8ag5LLxTDg-00331-00109823-00109904 Damani?
yttSpmOYbH0-00000-00000078-00000369 Welcome to Heal Talk Tuesdays with Liza.
yttSpmOYbH0-00001-00000426-00000594 Were transformation begins
yttSpmOYbH0-00002-00000612-00000712 as we evoke
yttSpmOYbH0-00003-00000735-00000835 embrace.
yttSpmOYbH0-00004-00000850-00000950 Evolve.
yttSpmOYbH0-00005-00001191-00001770 Greetings, greetings, greetings and welcome to Heal Talk Tuesdays with Liza.
yttSpmOYbH0-00006-00001821-00002034 It's so good to be here with you
yttSpmOYbH0-00007-00002061-00002161 isn't it?
yttSpmOYbH0-00008-00002208-00002460 Welcome to the first day of summer.
yttSpmOYbH0-00009-00002493-00002600 Isn't it beautiful.
yttSpmOYbH0-00010-00002679-00002847 Did you realize
yttSpmOYbH0-00011-00002859-00002964 as time
yttSpmOYbH0-00012-00002991-00003104 flies.
yttSpmOYbH0-00013-00003141-00003290 That we just
yttSpmOYbH0-00014-00003303-00003833 stepped into the first day of summer well if you're anywhere in the California area.
yttSpmOYbH0-00015-00003864-00004074 Area you would notice because
yttSpmOYbH0-00016-00004089-00004278 yesterday was scorching
yttSpmOYbH0-00017-00004305-00004683 ninety nine degrees and some places it was more than that.
yttSpmOYbH0-00018-00004758-00004890 So this heat.
yttSpmOYbH0-00019-00004923-00005097 This warmed
yttSpmOYbH0-00020-00005112-00005267 this summer
yttSpmOYbH0-00021-00005292-00005463 it's like blossoming
yttSpmOYbH0-00022-00005481-00005616 I love to call it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00023-00005670-00005770 A blossoming.
yttSpmOYbH0-00024-00005823-00005923 And.
yttSpmOYbH0-00025-00005979-00006189 So with us this summer bring for you
yttSpmOYbH0-00026-00006204-00006315 and brings.
yttSpmOYbH0-00027-00006378-00006564 A sense of freedom.
yttSpmOYbH0-00028-00006594-00006702 No school.
yttSpmOYbH0-00029-00006734-00006888 True travel time.
yttSpmOYbH0-00030-00007043-00007230 It's like vacation time
yttSpmOYbH0-00031-00007256-00007584 family time children time school is out
yttSpmOYbH0-00032-00007611-00007812 and everywhere you go it's like
yttSpmOYbH0-00033-00007842-00008109 there is a whole feeling of.
yttSpmOYbH0-00034-00008156-00008268 Refreshed.
yttSpmOYbH0-00035-00008346-00008832 And it's fresh it's beginning it's children it's
yttSpmOYbH0-00036-00008871-00008971 Everything.
yttSpmOYbH0-00037-00009063-00009333 But how many of us truly feel this.
yttSpmOYbH0-00038-00009486-00009693 And when we think about it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00039-00009732-00009832 None.
yttSpmOYbH0-00040-00009900-00010032 None of us.
yttSpmOYbH0-00041-00010083-00010183 I
yttSpmOYbH0-00042-00010206-00010656 Think of okay to they get summer today is spring today is winter and yet.
yttSpmOYbH0-00043-00010698-00010866 It's where the seats are
yttSpmOYbH0-00044-00010907-00011238 to when the seeds planted like flat as
yttSpmOYbH0-00045-00011259-00011487 farmers who planted the seed he'd
yttSpmOYbH0-00046-00011517-00011703 there was a whole season for it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00047-00011745-00012255 Right. When it is planted when it gets harvested when it
yttSpmOYbH0-00048-00012282-00012450 blooms and
yttSpmOYbH0-00049-00012480-00012855 even wintertime when everything goes into hibernation.
yttSpmOYbH0-00050-00012885-00013066 Right. So.
yttSpmOYbH0-00051-00013071-00013261 We come alive
yttSpmOYbH0-00052-00013272-00013613 summertime the sun is by right it's shining
yttSpmOYbH0-00053-00013632-00013794 yes it is hard
yttSpmOYbH0-00054-00013833-00014069 but we already know it's coming
yttSpmOYbH0-00055-00014118-00014218 and yet.
yttSpmOYbH0-00056-00014277-00014377 This.
yttSpmOYbH0-00057-00014400-00014666 Change not only for the season.
yttSpmOYbH0-00058-00014697-00014877 Realizing that when
yttSpmOYbH0-00059-00014904-00015269 it is hot there are so many people who cannot new deal with the heat
yttSpmOYbH0-00060-00015297-00015453 and they complain with the heat
yttSpmOYbH0-00061-00015491-00015663 and there's people who
yttSpmOYbH0-00062-00015684-00016107 cannot deal with the rain and they complain about the rain and being.
yttSpmOYbH0-00063-00016143-00016350 In a gloomy time
yttSpmOYbH0-00064-00016395-00016695 and yet it's not about the season the seasons
yttSpmOYbH0-00065-00016710-00016833 will always
yttSpmOYbH0-00066-00016851-00016951 be there.
yttSpmOYbH0-00067-00017025-00017229 The heat is always there.
yttSpmOYbH0-00068-00017265-00017574 The rain if you are in the Seattle a area
yttSpmOYbH0-00069-00017589-00017733 or in a rainy
yttSpmOYbH0-00070-00017757-00017857 climate.
yttSpmOYbH0-00071-00017925-00018165 Please expect the rain.
yttSpmOYbH0-00072-00018231-00018331 So.
yttSpmOYbH0-00073-00018372-00018544 Is it the season
yttSpmOYbH0-00074-00018549-00018828 we complain about the heat that we complain about
yttSpmOYbH0-00075-00018852-00019049 or is it we
yttSpmOYbH0-00076-00019074-00019174 complain?
yttSpmOYbH0-00077-00019248-00019348 So I
yttSpmOYbH0-00078-00019476-00019632 think it is humans.
yttSpmOYbH0-00079-00019689-00019806 It is us.
yttSpmOYbH0-00080-00019879-00020352 That we have not learned how to adjust and adapt with certain things
yttSpmOYbH0-00081-00020382-00020538 and so many of us.
yttSpmOYbH0-00082-00020643-00021117 Really complain about just about anything when it's hot we complain when it's cold we
yttSpmOYbH0-00083-00021117-00021324 complain when it's rainy we can play
yttSpmOYbH0-00084-00021348-00021448 and yet in the
yttSpmOYbH0-00085-00021468-00021660 summer heat and everything
yttSpmOYbH0-00086-00021678-00021867 we ask for rain.
yttSpmOYbH0-00087-00021903-00022041 We wanted water
yttSpmOYbH0-00088-00022059-00022159 ride.
yttSpmOYbH0-00089-00022239-00022428 So why am I talking about all of us.
yttSpmOYbH0-00090-00022539-00022639 Good question.
yttSpmOYbH0-00091-00022659-00022923 Welcome to heal talk Tuesdays with Liza.
yttSpmOYbH0-00092-00022974-00023184 I'm your expert hypnotherapist
yttSpmOYbH0-00093-00023214-00023349 and what I do
yttSpmOYbH0-00094-00023370-00023721 is shift you go from pain to gain and put this that mean
yttSpmOYbH0-00095-00023748-00024210 that means when we are in the complain more when we are in that negative.
yttSpmOYbH0-00096-00024246-00024630 Mode when we feel powerless or insecure
yttSpmOYbH0-00097-00024645-00024909 or you know it's constantly does
yttSpmOYbH0-00098-00024936-00025152 deprived or depressed
yttSpmOYbH0-00099-00025173-00025539 or we can't see the bright side of everything.
yttSpmOYbH0-00100-00025733-00025836 To a point.
yttSpmOYbH0-00101-00025869-00026070 That you can see the greatness.
yttSpmOYbH0-00102-00026114-00026220 In so much more
yttSpmOYbH0-00103-00026235-00026589 than you feel more grateful to everything that is around you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00104-00026777-00026966 Because when it's hot and you're.
yttSpmOYbH0-00105-00027057-00027201 Asking for rain.
yttSpmOYbH0-00106-00027327-00027573 To remember when it's cold and rainy.
yttSpmOYbH0-00107-00027683-00027792 This is what you wanted.
yttSpmOYbH0-00108-00027831-00027936 Maybe not every day.
yttSpmOYbH0-00109-00028086-00028323 But so much of who you are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00110-00028380-00028779 And for so many reasons in life
yttSpmOYbH0-00111-00028806-00028908 I believe
yttSpmOYbH0-00112-00028929-00029187 that we are able to shift.
yttSpmOYbH0-00113-00029250-00029472 Were she able to shift
yttSpmOYbH0-00114-00029517-00029772 and appreciate the things.
yttSpmOYbH0-00115-00029838-00030048 Of what surround us most.
yttSpmOYbH0-00116-00030138-00030314 What is the power within us.
yttSpmOYbH0-00117-00030381-00030583 And the people who.
yttSpmOYbH0-00118-00030618-00030861 Either. Tell you otherwise.
yttSpmOYbH0-00119-00030914-00031119 Or you've heard growing up.
yttSpmOYbH0-00120-00031191-00031520 All the things that you have come to believe.
yttSpmOYbH0-00121-00031554-00031654 You know.
yttSpmOYbH0-00122-00031745-00031970 Had a client yesterday and said you know.
yttSpmOYbH0-00123-00032013-00032193 In life I've grown up
yttSpmOYbH0-00124-00032211-00032397 with my parents telling me
yttSpmOYbH0-00125-00032414-00032604 I can't do this I can't do that
yttSpmOYbH0-00126-00032627-00033018 and that I will not amount to anything
yttSpmOYbH0-00127-00033063-00033408 and it's so depressing to be there all the time.
yttSpmOYbH0-00128-00033447-00033547 When I.
yttSpmOYbH0-00129-00033651-00034080 I have been feeling as if I am nobody.
yttSpmOYbH0-00130-00034119-00034308 I don't believe in myself.
yttSpmOYbH0-00131-00034407-00034507 I sat.
yttSpmOYbH0-00132-00034533-00034731 So exactly what is it that you do.
yttSpmOYbH0-00133-00034878-00034989 She said I'm a nurse.
yttSpmOYbH0-00134-00035136-00035236 I am a nurse.
yttSpmOYbH0-00135-00035298-00035398 And I work.
yttSpmOYbH0-00136-00035457-00035613 With a company that my
yttSpmOYbH0-00137-00035625-00035737 parents have for.
yttSpmOYbH0-00138-00035769-00035904 It's their company.
yttSpmOYbH0-00139-00035997-00036097 And.
yttSpmOYbH0-00140-00036264-00036537 At that very moment I turned around and I said
yttSpmOYbH0-00141-00036558-00036827 hi Jasmine human complains about every.
yttSpmOYbH0-00142-00036966-00037143 Yes and I need that.
yttSpmOYbH0-00143-00037182-00037282 Hello Anita.
yttSpmOYbH0-00144-00037356-00037456 And.
yttSpmOYbH0-00145-00037503-00037603 And I said.
yttSpmOYbH0-00146-00037614-00037755 So you are a nurse.
yttSpmOYbH0-00147-00037803-00038061 You work for a company that it's your of.
yttSpmOYbH0-00148-00038103-00038244 Of families company.
yttSpmOYbH0-00149-00038355-00038493 And you're saying that you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00150-00038535-00038722 Have believed
yttSpmOYbH0-00151-00038730-00039018 in what they say and amounted to nothing
yttSpmOYbH0-00152-00039066-00039213 and yet you studied.
yttSpmOYbH0-00153-00039252-00039399 You went to nursing school.
yttSpmOYbH0-00154-00039444-00039544 You got the
yttSpmOYbH0-00155-00039567-00039798 you did... you passed the test
yttSpmOYbH0-00156-00039828-00039972 you got your degree
yttSpmOYbH0-00157-00039996-00040158 you work in a company
yttSpmOYbH0-00158-00040172-00040563 that is your parents and I said do you think a salary she said yes and I said
yttSpmOYbH0-00159-00040590-00040917 so you'll also get a salary working in that company.
yttSpmOYbH0-00160-00041064-00041178 And you
yttSpmOYbH0-00161-00041208-00041370 thought until now.
yttSpmOYbH0-00162-00041790-00042213 That they told you, you amount to nothing in here you are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00163-00042282-00042420 A registered nurse.
yttSpmOYbH0-00164-00042516-00042645 Who did all this for you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00165-00042791-00043200 She looked at me puzzled as if I am asking her a question
yttSpmOYbH0-00166-00043218-00043554 she had never even pondered of thought about
yttSpmOYbH0-00167-00043599-00043699 and she said.
yttSpmOYbH0-00168-00043734-00043839 Of course I did.
yttSpmOYbH0-00169-00043947-00044142 And I said did they take the test for you
yttSpmOYbH0-00170-00044157-00044257 of course night.
yttSpmOYbH0-00171-00044277-00044535 I did they go to school for you know.
yttSpmOYbH0-00172-00044622-00044793 So what parts of
yttSpmOYbH0-00173-00044808-00044937 what they said.
yttSpmOYbH0-00174-00045054-00045159 Did you believe.
yttSpmOYbH0-00175-00045363-00045627 Well that I don't matter that I'm not worthy
yttSpmOYbH0-00176-00045669-00045807 and I said and yet.
yttSpmOYbH0-00177-00045855-00046038 There is a part of you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00178-00046155-00046284 That has.
yttSpmOYbH0-00179-00046338-00046608 Gone beyond what they said.
yttSpmOYbH0-00180-00046671-00046959 And in your power within yourself.
yttSpmOYbH0-00181-00047016-00047145 Your abilities.
yttSpmOYbH0-00182-00047181-00047319 Your own gifts
yttSpmOYbH0-00183-00047337-00047437 your own
yttSpmOYbH0-00184-00047442-00047550 tenacity.
yttSpmOYbH0-00185-00047691-00047865 Your own resilience.
yttSpmOYbH0-00186-00047931-00048102 Has brought you to where you are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00187-00048174-00048274 So today.
yttSpmOYbH0-00188-00048315-00048462 You are here for white.
yttSpmOYbH0-00189-00048882-00049113 And demoing I brought that up.
yttSpmOYbH0-00190-00049227-00049473 It's for the first time she smiled.
yttSpmOYbH0-00191-00049728-00050085 She smiled because she had not given herself
yttSpmOYbH0-00192-00050109-00050280 the kudos.
yttSpmOYbH0-00193-00050528-00050628 Thank you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00194-00050640-00050778 For the work she had done.
yttSpmOYbH0-00195-00050910-00051171 So my question to you is how often.
yttSpmOYbH0-00196-00051240-00051789 Have you really giving your powers away or fuck you have given your powers away
yttSpmOYbH0-00197-00051804-00051987 without realizing.
yttSpmOYbH0-00198-00052055-00052155 That you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00199-00052215-00052407 Have accomplished so much.
yttSpmOYbH0-00200-00052536-00052667 You know in life.
yttSpmOYbH0-00201-00052788-00052911 We do so much.
yttSpmOYbH0-00202-00052989-00053127 We have so much.
yttSpmOYbH0-00203-00053247-00053347 And.
yttSpmOYbH0-00204-00053388-00053488 We.
yttSpmOYbH0-00205-00053535-00053670 Give so much.
yttSpmOYbH0-00206-00053925-00054144 And we don't think that we have it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00207-00054276-00054813 Because the grass is always greener at the other side instead of utilizing
yttSpmOYbH0-00208-00054837-00054938 the grass is
yttSpmOYbH0-00209-00054954-00055071 only green
yttSpmOYbH0-00210-00055095-00055236 where you water it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00211-00055404-00055629 You can have all the confidence in the
yttSpmOYbH0-00212-00055641-00055741 in life
yttSpmOYbH0-00213-00055752-00055902 to achieve things.
yttSpmOYbH0-00214-00055947-00056199 The when you believe in yourself.
yttSpmOYbH0-00215-00056253-00056361 Very little.
yttSpmOYbH0-00216-00056400-00056529 About yourself
yttSpmOYbH0-00217-00056559-00056751 and that's because.
yttSpmOYbH0-00218-00056816-00056934 It's not that you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00219-00057005-00057165 Don't believe in yourself.
yttSpmOYbH0-00220-00057240-00057404 But you haven't touched earned
yttSpmOYbH0-00221-00057435-00057762 the mirror to look at yourself it's as if
yttSpmOYbH0-00222-00057777-00058260 your own ways of looking outside of that glass the window.
yttSpmOYbH0-00223-00058425-00058527 And you forgot.
yttSpmOYbH0-00224-00058665-00058836 Instead of looking into mirror.
yttSpmOYbH0-00225-00058899-00059105 To literally look in the mirror.
yttSpmOYbH0-00226-00059184-00059492 It don't look in the mirror just to put your hair up
yttSpmOYbH0-00227-00059526-00059673 to put your makeup on
yttSpmOYbH0-00228-00059694-00059985 to look beautiful to what other people see.
yttSpmOYbH0-00229-00060157-00060462 The to truly fucking the mirror and see you
yttSpmOYbH0-00230-00060483-00060600 your own gifts
yttSpmOYbH0-00231-00060621-00060756 your gut feelings.
yttSpmOYbH0-00232-00060789-00061233 Everything that you have accomplished all your experiences.
yttSpmOYbH0-00233-00061458-00061558 And.
yttSpmOYbH0-00234-00061602-00061869 She just needed validation that's true.
yttSpmOYbH0-00235-00061917-00062187 We all do no matter who we are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00236-00062358-00062499 And I love you
yttSpmOYbH0-00237-00062517-00062617 for.
yttSpmOYbH0-00238-00062661-00062907 All the gifts that you have Jasmine.
yttSpmOYbH0-00239-00062970-00063294 Everything that you give you give you give
yttSpmOYbH0-00240-00063318-00063507 and you are not realizing.
yttSpmOYbH0-00241-00063540-00063681 That how much.
yttSpmOYbH0-00242-00064017-00064119 Validation.
yttSpmOYbH0-00243-00064260-00064557 That you constantly give to others
yttSpmOYbH0-00244-00064578-00064716 and empower others
yttSpmOYbH0-00245-00064743-00065088 that you give as acts of service.
yttSpmOYbH0-00246-00065403-00065503 And I know.
yttSpmOYbH0-00247-00065541-00065715 You'll have all the confidence.
yttSpmOYbH0-00248-00065886-00066117 Just for a moment to turn around and say.
yttSpmOYbH0-00249-00066300-00066400 Thank God.
yttSpmOYbH0-00250-00066588-00066693 This is who I am.
yttSpmOYbH0-00251-00066870-00067005 This is who I am.
yttSpmOYbH0-00252-00067110-00067491 I am able to give I am grateful that I have been able.
yttSpmOYbH0-00253-00067587-00067687 To provide.
yttSpmOYbH0-00254-00067875-00068256 And realize your gift have been surpassed.
yttSpmOYbH0-00255-00068328-00068454 And I'm sure
yttSpmOYbH0-00256-00068469-00068569 possible.
yttSpmOYbH0-00257-00068703-00068868 Because of your faith.
yttSpmOYbH0-00258-00068940-00069040 In you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00259-00069105-00069205 And who you are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00260-00069351-00069492 None of us are here alone.
yttSpmOYbH0-00261-00069699-00069909 Yes with God's faith.
yttSpmOYbH0-00262-00070008-00070125 And when we look
yttSpmOYbH0-00263-00070158-00070258 we see
yttSpmOYbH0-00264-00070296-00070488 That we can give more than what
yttSpmOYbH0-00265-00070515-00070620 we thought we.
yttSpmOYbH0-00266-00070680-00070780 Are able to.
yttSpmOYbH0-00267-00070887-00070987 So for that.
yttSpmOYbH0-00268-00071025-00071181 I want you to realize.
yttSpmOYbH0-00269-00071313-00071413 I.
yttSpmOYbH0-00270-00071436-00071562 Have to adjust my seat.
yttSpmOYbH0-00271-00071895-00072033 I can turn around and say.
yttSpmOYbH0-00272-00072315-00072477 All I do is therapy.
yttSpmOYbH0-00273-00072528-00072678 All I do is
yttSpmOYbH0-00274-00072699-00072840 come here and.
yttSpmOYbH0-00275-00072876-00072976 Talk.
yttSpmOYbH0-00276-00073032-00073132 And hopefully.
yttSpmOYbH0-00277-00073149-00073449 I can make a difference in one person's life that
yttSpmOYbH0-00278-00073467-00073764 what I have to say might be important to them.
yttSpmOYbH0-00279-00073911-00074142 That who you are truly matters.
yttSpmOYbH0-00280-00074274-00074374 And.
yttSpmOYbH0-00281-00074490-00074769 I literally give kudos to
yttSpmOYbH0-00282-00074793-00074943 someone like you Jasmine.
yttSpmOYbH0-00283-00074994-00075381 That are able to achieve far greater than I thought.
yttSpmOYbH0-00284-00075423-00075523 I could.
yttSpmOYbH0-00285-00075609-00075709 And.
yttSpmOYbH0-00286-00075735-00076245 Moms who have two or three children and how they juggle how they manage
yttSpmOYbH0-00287-00076272-00076488 not only being a mother being
yttSpmOYbH0-00288-00076515-00076677 a wife being
yttSpmOYbH0-00289-00076695-00076795 either a
yttSpmOYbH0-00290-00076812-00077073 wife or even a single parent.
yttSpmOYbH0-00291-00077112-00077442 There are so many who come over here and there like
yttSpmOYbH0-00292-00077466-00077744 I don't know how to juggle and I'm like I take
yttSpmOYbH0-00293-00077746-00078012 my hat off to you because there was no way
yttSpmOYbH0-00294-00078039-00078366 I can even conceived the thought of doing all this.
yttSpmOYbH0-00295-00078462-00078639 In yeah yet somehow.
yttSpmOYbH0-00296-00078798-00078906 Every wine.
yttSpmOYbH0-00297-00079002-00079260 Has this bucket they manage
yttSpmOYbH0-00298-00079278-00079416 what's in their bucket
yttSpmOYbH0-00299-00079443-00079731 and we get to add more.
yttSpmOYbH0-00300-00079803-00079992 Into the bucket it's like
yttSpmOYbH0-00301-00080013-00080113 the more.
yttSpmOYbH0-00302-00080214-00080346 The bucket
yttSpmOYbH0-00303-00080370-00080655 stretches the more we add into it
yttSpmOYbH0-00304-00080682-00080895 and then we turn around and say I'm
yttSpmOYbH0-00305-00080931-00081153 Feeling as if I am overwhelmed
yttSpmOYbH0-00306-00081177-00081303 I am buried
yttSpmOYbH0-00307-00081324-00081588 I cannot handle any more and yet.
yttSpmOYbH0-00308-00081639-00081759 We asked for it
yttSpmOYbH0-00309-00081777-00081915 we manifested.
yttSpmOYbH0-00310-00081972-00082276 Re want the children or we want the marriage
yttSpmOYbH0-00311-00082278-00082554 we want the career we want the stardom
yttSpmOYbH0-00312-00082554-00082656 we want it
yttSpmOYbH0-00313-00082692-00082869 and when we haven't
yttSpmOYbH0-00314-00082887-00083064 we turned around and say.
yttSpmOYbH0-00315-00083136-00083451 But this is not exactly what I asked for.
yttSpmOYbH0-00316-00083490-00083658 While you know what in life.
yttSpmOYbH0-00317-00083700-00083800 We don't get.
yttSpmOYbH0-00318-00083829-00083964 It's like it's not a cookie
yttSpmOYbH0-00319-00083979-00084079 cookie cutter.
yttSpmOYbH0-00320-00084099-00084615 Of how it comes to us it's like we ask for egg and it's given to us
yttSpmOYbH0-00321-00084642-00084742 we didn't.
yttSpmOYbH0-00322-00084855-00085050 Cut and paste what we want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00323-00085122-00085455 So the person who wants to be really successful.
yttSpmOYbH0-00324-00085506-00085606 And be.
yttSpmOYbH0-00325-00085668-00086193 Like me I write the books I am in so many collaborations I want to be an offer and
yttSpmOYbH0-00326-00086196-00086296 everything.
yttSpmOYbH0-00327-00086388-00086508 I didn't ask
yttSpmOYbH0-00328-00086529-00086940 how I am doing so I said yes to many things.
yttSpmOYbH0-00329-00086991-00087150 And yes to
yttSpmOYbH0-00330-00087168-00087654 juggling the clients juggling the book juggling the event juggling this
yttSpmOYbH0-00331-00087681-00087781 and then getting
yttSpmOYbH0-00332-00087810-00088017 home and then turning around and say.
yttSpmOYbH0-00333-00088059-00088159 I am.
yttSpmOYbH0-00334-00088173-00088273 Beat.
yttSpmOYbH0-00335-00088426-00088530 I ask for it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00336-00088614-00088791 So my question to you is.
yttSpmOYbH0-00337-00089073-00089173 When.
yttSpmOYbH0-00338-00089214-00089403 You sit with yourself.
yttSpmOYbH0-00339-00089511-00089781 And you think you are overwhelmed.
yttSpmOYbH0-00340-00089856-00090246 At that very moment I want you to say thank you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00341-00090294-00090394 Thank you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00342-00090486-00090750 To every aspect of for you are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00343-00090852-00091164 And bigger grateful to all your abilities because.
yttSpmOYbH0-00344-00091203-00091320 You know it's just.
yttSpmOYbH0-00345-00091353-00091722 God does not give us more than what we can handle.
yttSpmOYbH0-00346-00091776-00091876 In life.
yttSpmOYbH0-00347-00091971-00092094 I know someone.
yttSpmOYbH0-00348-00092139-00092239 Who truly.
yttSpmOYbH0-00349-00092313-00092442 When I look at her.
yttSpmOYbH0-00350-00092505-00092658 And I talk to her.
yttSpmOYbH0-00351-00092703-00092803 Is like.
yttSpmOYbH0-00352-00092856-00093045 How did you do this.
yttSpmOYbH0-00353-00093078-00093204 How did you
yttSpmOYbH0-00354-00093216-00093351 overcome
yttSpmOYbH0-00355-00093375-00093609 such tragedy of losing.
yttSpmOYbH0-00356-00093663-00093840 All your family literally
yttSpmOYbH0-00357-00093867-00094104 five of her family members.
yttSpmOYbH0-00358-00094170-00094497 To come to forgive the person who.
yttSpmOYbH0-00359-00094569-00094779 Massacred and killed them
yttSpmOYbH0-00360-00094821-00095091 to be able to stand up
yttSpmOYbH0-00361-00095112-00095595 and make a difference in come to forgiveness and teach forgiveness.
yttSpmOYbH0-00362-00095634-00095949 Teach all of that to others and say.
yttSpmOYbH0-00363-00096033-00096201 If I can do it you can do it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00364-00096393-00096600 Some of us cannot fathom that.
yttSpmOYbH0-00365-00096771-00096948 And when we look at it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00366-00097032-00097132 Is.
yttSpmOYbH0-00367-00097191-00097356 The power is within you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00368-00097458-00097743 The power is not within any more nails
yttSpmOYbH0-00369-00097767-00097911 just like my client.
yttSpmOYbH0-00370-00097992-00098139 Who came here yesterday.
yttSpmOYbH0-00371-00098220-00098577 It's not the things your family members said
yttSpmOYbH0-00372-00098598-00098748 or the teacher say a
yttSpmOYbH0-00373-00098763-00098964 or your peer pressure says.
yttSpmOYbH0-00374-00099018-00099204 It's what you believe.
yttSpmOYbH0-00375-00099270-00099453 Within yourself that you haven't
yttSpmOYbH0-00376-00099471-00099624 seen the gifts in you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00377-00099732-00099867 The resilience senior.
yttSpmOYbH0-00378-00099936-00100126 So what I do is check
yttSpmOYbH0-00379-00100140-00100240 light.
yttSpmOYbH0-00380-00100299-00100401 I evoke
yttSpmOYbH0-00381-00100413-00100566 everything from them.
yttSpmOYbH0-00382-00100695-00100944 You know in therapy in.
yttSpmOYbH0-00383-00101080-00101187 The the record.
yttSpmOYbH0-00384-00101226-00101532 The psychology that therapy that they're are doing
yttSpmOYbH0-00385-00101559-00101736 there is a hole pattern
yttSpmOYbH0-00386-00101760-00101892 that they call it
yttSpmOYbH0-00387-00101931-00102159 Of The Petrasca
yttSpmOYbH0-00388-00102195-00102295 Method.
yttSpmOYbH0-00389-00102306-00102744 In the protract come method which is a way of therapy
yttSpmOYbH0-00390-00102768-00103056 is that there is the for courtrooms
yttSpmOYbH0-00391-00103071-00103488 which is the self awareness and then there's the emotions
yttSpmOYbH0-00392-00103518-00103641 and there is
yttSpmOYbH0-00393-00103665-00103857 that the transitions
yttSpmOYbH0-00394-00103875-00104352 that they are doing the transformational park and then there's the relationship and
yttSpmOYbH0-00395-00104352-00104463 the communication.
yttSpmOYbH0-00396-00104511-00104685 So this four quadrant 
yttSpmOYbH0-00397-00104712-00105075 they put all their clients this is where I'm taking them
yttSpmOYbH0-00398-00105096-00105582 from this level the self awareness which is meditation becoming aware
yttSpmOYbH0-00399-00105603-00105951 becoming aware of all that we are part of.
yttSpmOYbH0-00400-00105987-00106404 In who we are how I feel how I think who I am.
yttSpmOYbH0-00401-00106488-00106794 Every aspect of five cents this is to become
yttSpmOYbH0-00402-00106818-00106959 immersed into that
yttSpmOYbH0-00403-00106986-00107345 learning how to do the meditation self actualization.
yttSpmOYbH0-00404-00107430-00107602 Right to come to.
yttSpmOYbH0-00405-00107631-00107889 Connecting with all your emotions.
yttSpmOYbH0-00406-00108051-00108151 What I feel.
yttSpmOYbH0-00407-00108249-00108708 And when this happens how I connect with that how I feel about that
yttSpmOYbH0-00408-00108750-00108963 and what are my feelings versus
yttSpmOYbH0-00409-00108993-00109185 what other people think of me.
yttSpmOYbH0-00410-00109239-00109557 Because every single person outside of you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00411-00109626-00109899 Has different perceptions about you
yttSpmOYbH0-00412-00109926-00110244 and also dot com because of their own.
yttSpmOYbH0-00413-00110283-00110520 Misconceptions of who you are
yttSpmOYbH0-00414-00110535-00110715 or their own upbringing
yttSpmOYbH0-00415-00110739-00111255 and their way of being evaluating their own ethics and values.
yttSpmOYbH0-00416-00111318-00111627 So he might not be only about the you
yttSpmOYbH0-00417-00111648-00111768 it is about them
yttSpmOYbH0-00418-00111789-00112176 and how they perceive what they see what they know.
yttSpmOYbH0-00419-00112212-00112312 About you oh.
yttSpmOYbH0-00420-00112383-00112752 And it doesn't change the fox of who you are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00421-00112929-00113220 So after she showed me that courtrooms.
yttSpmOYbH0-00422-00113268-00113535 She turns around and says Liza you do this.
yttSpmOYbH0-00423-00113607-00113806 And I said yes.
yttSpmOYbH0-00424-00113820-00114078 I do these exact things
yttSpmOYbH0-00425-00114114-00114477 but I do it in a different way I call that the three he
yttSpmOYbH0-00426-00114504-00114604 method which is
yttSpmOYbH0-00427-00114621-00114729 evoking.
yttSpmOYbH0-00428-00114816-00114916 Evoking the.
yttSpmOYbH0-00429-00115026-00115128 About you
yttSpmOYbH0-00430-00115140-00115398 evoking in shedding a light.
yttSpmOYbH0-00431-00115452-00115725 It's learning about the things
yttSpmOYbH0-00432-00115752-00115911 that you do you feel.
yttSpmOYbH0-00433-00115977-00116079 And you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00434-00116193-00116517 That's what we invoke will evoke our past.
yttSpmOYbH0-00435-00116604-00116715 Not necessarily
yttSpmOYbH0-00436-00116733-00116931 go into the trauma but.
yttSpmOYbH0-00437-00116976-00117207 Shitting and light to understand.
yttSpmOYbH0-00438-00117309-00117549 And the heat of the summer that we're
yttSpmOYbH0-00439-00117551-00117858 talking and you say I cannot stand this heat.
yttSpmOYbH0-00440-00117894-00117994 Is.
yttSpmOYbH0-00441-00118431-00118536 What do you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00442-00118599-00118782 We can't change to season.
yttSpmOYbH0-00443-00118869-00119082 We can change how we cope
yttSpmOYbH0-00444-00119112-00119212 with thanks.
yttSpmOYbH0-00445-00119232-00119340 How we cope.
yttSpmOYbH0-00446-00119373-00119569 With the heat how we cope
yttSpmOYbH0-00447-00119580-00119680 with the rain.
yttSpmOYbH0-00448-00119748-00119967 We want the rain we meet the rain.
yttSpmOYbH0-00449-00120054-00120399 So so when it feels gloomy is it gloomy.
yttSpmOYbH0-00450-00120486-00120633 Or is it just raining.
yttSpmOYbH0-00451-00120799-00121006 To sometimes when you feel
yttSpmOYbH0-00452-00121030-00121276 like I am depressed and everything.
yttSpmOYbH0-00453-00121372-00121603 If you shift the perception and say.
yttSpmOYbH0-00454-00121726-00121948 I feel as if I'm in a funk.
yttSpmOYbH0-00455-00122056-00122156 Right.
yttSpmOYbH0-00456-00122194-00122728 Coming to that and embracing where you are how you feel.
yttSpmOYbH0-00457-00122767-00123073 Embracing with happening around you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00458-00123172-00123415 Instead of fighting against it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00459-00123523-00123679 Because this is negative.
yttSpmOYbH0-00460-00123751-00123883 This is harsh.
yttSpmOYbH0-00461-00124033-00124133 And.
yttSpmOYbH0-00462-00124186-00124318 When we do that.
yttSpmOYbH0-00463-00124606-00124714 Recognizing.
yttSpmOYbH0-00464-00124747-00124993 That the more you are able
yttSpmOYbH0-00465-00125020-00125125 you stretch.
yttSpmOYbH0-00466-00125182-00125503 A woman who gets pregnant the body stretches.
yttSpmOYbH0-00467-00125608-00125786 To Give.
yttSpmOYbH0-00468-00125806-00126031 Room for the baby to grow.
yttSpmOYbH0-00469-00126112-00126244 And for those who have.
yttSpmOYbH0-00470-00126331-00126796 Like twins the ones who have triplets the ones will have quadruplets
yttSpmOYbH0-00471-00126820-00127207 this is amazing how it stretches.
yttSpmOYbH0-00472-00127252-00127414 Did she ask for it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00473-00127513-00127672 You know if it was planted.
yttSpmOYbH0-00474-00127753-00128023 She said thank you for all of it right.
yttSpmOYbH0-00475-00128074-00128542 But we come to gratefulness of this amazing way our body
yttSpmOYbH0-00476-00128566-00128809 does your body does.
yttSpmOYbH0-00477-00128848-00128948 So what.
yttSpmOYbH0-00478-00129052-00129193 Happens to us.
yttSpmOYbH0-00479-00129313-00129565 Is if we can shift our perception.
yttSpmOYbH0-00480-00129619-00130105 In how we come to the self awareness to accepting the emotions how we
yttSpmOYbH0-00481-00130129-00130297 emote ourselves
yttSpmOYbH0-00482-00130321-00130471 and the words we use.
yttSpmOYbH0-00483-00130540-00130750 And becoming awareness.
yttSpmOYbH0-00484-00130843-00130996 Through embracing it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00485-00131074-00131281 And then evolving to what we want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00486-00131434-00131581 Everything in life
yttSpmOYbH0-00487-00131599-00131704 from business
yttSpmOYbH0-00488-00131719-00131819 from personal
yttSpmOYbH0-00489-00131842-00131947 from wanting.
yttSpmOYbH0-00490-00132023-00132610 A car to wanting a house to wanting a vacation to wanting a relationship
yttSpmOYbH0-00491-00132625-00132847 either with somebody else or with you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00492-00132955-00133055 What is your girl.
yttSpmOYbH0-00493-00133114-00133252 What do you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00494-00133432-00133615 Because there's always.
yttSpmOYbH0-00495-00133684-00133784 An answer.
yttSpmOYbH0-00496-00133852-00134185 The answer may not be exactly what you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00497-00134227-00134434 That makes you feel good
yttSpmOYbH0-00498-00134470-00134614 but it is an answer.
yttSpmOYbH0-00499-00134662-00134809 It is a solution.
yttSpmOYbH0-00500-00134974-00135349 There's always a seller shall we may not be happy with the solution.
yttSpmOYbH0-00501-00135484-00135661 But the resolved is what we want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00502-00135781-00135940 The solution is not.
yttSpmOYbH0-00503-00135976-00136114 The easy one.
yttSpmOYbH0-00504-00136249-00136375 But if it gets to
yttSpmOYbH0-00505-00136390-00136573 you know the are oh I.
yttSpmOYbH0-00506-00136609-00136924 The return on your investment.
yttSpmOYbH0-00507-00137047-00137170 If that is.
yttSpmOYbH0-00508-00137206-00137317 What you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00509-00137368-00137890 If you want to drop twenty pounds and you have not been able in the past.
yttSpmOYbH0-00510-00137926-00138040 I can hop
yttSpmOYbH0-00511-00138061-00138161 you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00512-00138190-00138292 Shed off.
yttSpmOYbH0-00513-00138343-00138766 Release let go drop that weight emotional weight
yttSpmOYbH0-00514-00138790-00138890 physical weight
yttSpmOYbH0-00515-00138907-00139027 mental weight.
yttSpmOYbH0-00516-00139060-00139276 The anguish the burden the weight
yttSpmOYbH0-00517-00139300-00139400 that has been
yttSpmOYbH0-00518-00139411-00139870 burdened on top of you or you took it upon yourself and you held onto it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00519-00139903-00140017 I can help you with that.
yttSpmOYbH0-00520-00140092-00140338 It's not though it's not the food you eat.
yttSpmOYbH0-00521-00140377-00140477 Right.
yttSpmOYbH0-00522-00140584-00140729 So all this.
yttSpmOYbH0-00523-00140788-00140888 Comes.
yttSpmOYbH0-00524-00140902-00141187 Boiling down to the heat of white.
yttSpmOYbH0-00525-00141385-00141679 Is a accepting and appreciating validate
yttSpmOYbH0-00526-00141700-00141800 yourself.
yttSpmOYbH0-00527-00141928-00142063 And when I do best.
yttSpmOYbH0-00528-00142153-00142253 See.
yttSpmOYbH0-00529-00142261-00142361 The whole huh.
yttSpmOYbH0-00530-00142615-00142858 Yesterday I'm talking to someone and she said.
yttSpmOYbH0-00531-00142963-00143185 Oh, I studied NLP.
yttSpmOYbH0-00532-00143350-00143473 Do you do NLP?
yttSpmOYbH0-00533-00143614-00143977 You know I studied an NLP which is Neuro Linguistic Programming.
yttSpmOYbH0-00534-00144058-00144259 And how the body languages
yttSpmOYbH0-00535-00144283-00144514 how my clients the way they sit.
yttSpmOYbH0-00536-00144754-00144862 The way they sat.
yttSpmOYbH0-00537-00144958-00145270 The way they sit in a corner of the recliner
yttSpmOYbH0-00538-00145294-00145498 instead of the full chair.
yttSpmOYbH0-00539-00145678-00145874 The way there.
yttSpmOYbH0-00540-00145987-00146137 And. Chin
yttSpmOYbH0-00541-00146161-00146261 or their lips
yttSpmOYbH0-00542-00146290-00146422 starts moving.
yttSpmOYbH0-00543-00146488-00146704 Or when they are going into
yttSpmOYbH0-00544-00146725-00147052 a state of relaxation and they close their eyes
yttSpmOYbH0-00545-00147076-00147262 this comfort comes
yttSpmOYbH0-00546-00147283-00147829 and their I cannot unsee as when I asked them to imagine something I see their eye
yttSpmOYbH0-00547-00147859-00148054 movement ever so gently
yttSpmOYbH0-00548-00148081-00148486 and when I in ask them to respond to me either would.
yttSpmOYbH0-00549-00148525-00148825 Have their fingers which is I do
yttSpmOYbH0-00550-00148879-00149110 That Video And.
yttSpmOYbH0-00551-00149149-00149249 Response.
yttSpmOYbH0-00552-00149335-00149435 So.
yttSpmOYbH0-00553-00149479-00149579 Techniques.
yttSpmOYbH0-00554-00149650-00149917 Believe me I've been doing this for twenty one years.
yttSpmOYbH0-00555-00150028-00150133 Hypnosis.
yttSpmOYbH0-00556-00150211-00150374 Is a modality.
yttSpmOYbH0-00557-00150457-00150580 It is a method
yttSpmOYbH0-00558-00150607-00150853 it is a tool it is a technique
yttSpmOYbH0-00559-00150868-00150994 so is NLP
yttSpmOYbH0-00560-00151015-00151189 so as time-line therapy
yttSpmOYbH0-00561-00151210-00151329 so is.
yttSpmOYbH0-00562-00151363-00151465 Petrushka
yttSpmOYbH0-00563-00151480-00151624 so as gestalt.
yttSpmOYbH0-00564-00151660-00151789 Those are all
yttSpmOYbH0-00565-00151801-00151918 modalities.
yttSpmOYbH0-00566-00152068-00152182 We can use
yttSpmOYbH0-00567-00152212-00152368 different modalities
yttSpmOYbH0-00568-00152395-00152545 to how our client
yttSpmOYbH0-00569-00152575-00152758 to help you get where you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00570-00152986-00153121 But my first question is.
yttSpmOYbH0-00571-00153220-00153320 What do you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00572-00153367-00153487 How do you want to feel.
yttSpmOYbH0-00573-00153583-00153697 How would you see.
yttSpmOYbH0-00574-00153790-00153890 Yourself.
yttSpmOYbH0-00575-00153979-00154096 Six months from now
yttSpmOYbH0-00576-00154111-00154211 a year from now.
yttSpmOYbH0-00577-00154240-00154375 What do you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00578-00154606-00154783 So if somebody wants a car.
yttSpmOYbH0-00579-00154840-00154940 I asked them.
yttSpmOYbH0-00580-00154999-00155104 What kind of a car.
yttSpmOYbH0-00581-00155359-00155459 I want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00582-00155470-00155671 A fast car a fast car.
yttSpmOYbH0-00583-00155707-00155914 A fast car can be a Jaguar
yttSpmOYbH0-00584-00155935-00156169 a fast car can be a Hyundai
yttSpmOYbH0-00585-00156187-00156385 a fires car can be a Ferrari.
yttSpmOYbH0-00586-00156538-00156638 What do you want
yttSpmOYbH0-00587-00156664-00156817 while want to for robbery really.
yttSpmOYbH0-00588-00156895-00157123 Can you afford a Ferrari today?
yttSpmOYbH0-00589-00157246-00157346 Know.
yttSpmOYbH0-00590-00157369-00157525 How fast you want to go.
yttSpmOYbH0-00591-00157747-00157882 Where'd you want to travel.
yttSpmOYbH0-00592-00157945-00158131 If you are in the streets of Glendale.
yttSpmOYbH0-00593-00158197-00158297 Where I am.
yttSpmOYbH0-00594-00158323-00158518 There's all kinds of fast cars.
yttSpmOYbH0-00595-00158560-00158677 It's not the car
yttSpmOYbH0-00596-00158689-00158800 it's the driver
yttSpmOYbH0-00597-00158821-00158971 that needs to and how.
yttSpmOYbH0-00598-00159028-00159205 The the power of the car.
yttSpmOYbH0-00599-00159241-00159394 How to maneuver the car.
yttSpmOYbH0-00600-00159427-00159637 How to push the car.
yttSpmOYbH0-00601-00159703-00160012 And be in control of the car
yttSpmOYbH0-00602-00160036-00160168 so if you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00603-00160207-00160357 Are not be good driver.
yttSpmOYbH0-00604-00160390-00160591 There's no way anyone what.
yttSpmOYbH0-00605-00160627-00160894 The seller will give you any car you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00606-00161005-00161269 But are you going to be comfortable in driving a Ferrari.
yttSpmOYbH0-00607-00161332-00161432 Or.
yttSpmOYbH0-00608-00161470-00161570 It's going to be ruined.
yttSpmOYbH0-00609-00161674-00161866 So learn how to drive a car.
yttSpmOYbH0-00610-00161911-00162148 Learn how to maneuver a car.
yttSpmOYbH0-00611-00162199-00162337 In park the car
yttSpmOYbH0-00612-00162364-00162478 with one hand.
yttSpmOYbH0-00613-00162514-00162667 Do everything
yttSpmOYbH0-00614-00162691-00162916 when you feel proficient.
yttSpmOYbH0-00615-00162949-00163063 Then you can
yttSpmOYbH0-00616-00163087-00163187 upgrade to
yttSpmOYbH0-00617-00163192-00163345 everything that you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00618-00163459-00163662 In life we I.
yttSpmOYbH0-00619-00163690-00163927 Have so much ability.
yttSpmOYbH0-00620-00163963-00164260 It's not the outside it's not the car
yttSpmOYbH0-00621-00164278-00164395 it's the driver.
yttSpmOYbH0-00622-00164461-00164561 You know I
yttSpmOYbH0-00623-00164575-00164680 for the third
yttSpmOYbH0-00624-00164692-00164792 time.
yttSpmOYbH0-00625-00164797-00164962 I went to see top gun.
yttSpmOYbH0-00626-00165136-00165346 Not because of Tom cruise.
yttSpmOYbH0-00627-00165445-00165640 But because of the meaning.
yttSpmOYbH0-00628-00165685-00165790 In the movie.
yttSpmOYbH0-00629-00165865-00165965 So what does.
yttSpmOYbH0-00630-00165997-00166097 This say.
yttSpmOYbH0-00631-00166135-00166279 I watch something
yttSpmOYbH0-00632-00166306-00166406 for.
yttSpmOYbH0-00633-00166432-00166606 Learning something from it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00634-00166687-00167044 I watch movies to see the meaning behind it
yttSpmOYbH0-00635-00167065-00167260 because in every movie
yttSpmOYbH0-00636-00167281-00167431 in every person
yttSpmOYbH0-00637-00167452-00167572 in every
yttSpmOYbH0-00638-00167590-00167740 personality.
yttSpmOYbH0-00639-00167773-00168136 We have it all we have the hero within us
yttSpmOYbH0-00640-00168166-00168266 we have
yttSpmOYbH0-00641-00168292-00168445 the vigilant
yttSpmOYbH0-00642-00168457-00168557 within us
yttSpmOYbH0-00643-00168568-00168733 we have the power
yttSpmOYbH0-00644-00168748-00168874 within us.
yttSpmOYbH0-00645-00168940-00169123 We have the insecure are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00646-00169153-00169723 There is not a single person in this world does not have this much of in security
yttSpmOYbH0-00647-00169723-00169840 with them or
yttSpmOYbH0-00648-00169864-00170002 has not felt.
yttSpmOYbH0-00649-00170179-00170320 Down sized
yttSpmOYbH0-00650-00170347-00170569 or told by someone.
yttSpmOYbH0-00651-00170641-00170980 That you are not going to amount to something in their life
yttSpmOYbH0-00652-00170998-00171148 or they didn't believe.
yttSpmOYbH0-00653-00171223-00171496 that I don't have what they have.
yttSpmOYbH0-00654-00171607-00171817 That there was not enough competition.
yttSpmOYbH0-00655-00171865-00172306 So Top Gun shows you Team work.
yttSpmOYbH0-00656-00172345-00172483 It shows friendship
yttSpmOYbH0-00657-00172507-00172609 it gives.
yttSpmOYbH0-00658-00172654-00172846 Honor system it gives.
yttSpmOYbH0-00659-00172915-00173251 Everything that we have in us.
yttSpmOYbH0-00660-00173338-00173776 And it's not only movies it's not so pop for us it's not everything.
yttSpmOYbH0-00661-00173899-00174055 We are that movie.
yttSpmOYbH0-00662-00174277-00174449 You are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00663-00174460-00174560 Everything.
yttSpmOYbH0-00664-00174625-00174727 Every book
yttSpmOYbH0-00665-00174745-00174871 story you read.
yttSpmOYbH0-00666-00175024-00175124 Hazard.
yttSpmOYbH0-00667-00175372-00175486 You are that story.
yttSpmOYbH0-00668-00175579-00175750 And I want you to remember that.
yttSpmOYbH0-00669-00175894-00175994 You are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00670-00176059-00176299 Everything your life is.
yttSpmOYbH0-00671-00176341-00176554 This is your life it is your story.
yttSpmOYbH0-00672-00176707-00176872 And when you think about it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00673-00176935-00177043 And you think about
yttSpmOYbH0-00674-00177061-00177184 your childhood.
yttSpmOYbH0-00675-00177259-00177577 And if you couldn't go in sit next to the first thing.
yttSpmOYbH0-00676-00177643-00177769 In instead of saying.
yttSpmOYbH0-00677-00177805-00177940 I was this
yttSpmOYbH0-00678-00177970-00178183 I want you to remember you are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00679-00178285-00178483 Exactly that same person.
yttSpmOYbH0-00680-00178633-00178820 Yes life.
yttSpmOYbH0-00681-00178834-00179068 For some it's been great.
yttSpmOYbH0-00682-00179179-00179443 And for others they look back and say.
yttSpmOYbH0-00683-00179530-00179743 You know life has really changed
yttSpmOYbH0-00684-00179782-00180034 and I am not where I thought I was
yttSpmOYbH0-00685-00180076-00180176 to be.
yttSpmOYbH0-00686-00180256-00180460 And yet you are exactly.
yttSpmOYbH0-00687-00180535-00180691 Where you are supposed to be.
yttSpmOYbH0-00688-00180766-00180913 Because if it was not
yttSpmOYbH0-00689-00180931-00181051 because of you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00690-00181337-00181484 One study were helping.
yttSpmOYbH0-00691-00181568-00181709 The ones you are
yttSpmOYbH0-00692-00181736-00181856 caring for.
yttSpmOYbH0-00693-00181913-00182132 The ones that you are empowering
yttSpmOYbH0-00694-00182156-00182256 teaching.
yttSpmOYbH0-00695-00182321-00182477 Giving of service.
yttSpmOYbH0-00696-00182591-00182750 Would not be grateful to you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00697-00182909-00183009 They are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00698-00183119-00183219 Here.
yttSpmOYbH0-00699-00183266-00183461 They are making it because of you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00700-00183635-00183735 They are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00701-00183884-00184199 You are exactly where you're supposed to be my dear.
yttSpmOYbH0-00702-00184382-00184664 Because there's so many who relied upon you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00703-00184778-00184878 And I know.
yttSpmOYbH0-00704-00185024-00185205 That you wanted to say.
yttSpmOYbH0-00705-00185279-00185379 What about me.
yttSpmOYbH0-00706-00185417-00185546 What about my dreams.
yttSpmOYbH0-00707-00185594-00185741 What about my once.
yttSpmOYbH0-00708-00185843-00185954 I too want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00709-00186044-00186206 To travel to do this.
yttSpmOYbH0-00710-00186494-00186938 So The 3E Event that I put together is exactly for this.
yttSpmOYbH0-00711-00187034-00187169 It's a journey.
yttSpmOYbH0-00712-00187205-00187305 Within.
yttSpmOYbH0-00713-00187370-00187604 So we gather we come together
yttSpmOYbH0-00714-00187634-00187799 to empower one another.
yttSpmOYbH0-00715-00187880-00188210 When I say women coming together collaborating
yttSpmOYbH0-00716-00188231-00188606 and giving each other this energy of saying you know what.
yttSpmOYbH0-00717-00188669-00188792 Thanks to you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00718-00188903-00189003 Thank you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00719-00189023-00189134 I see you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00720-00189203-00189323 I see your power.
yttSpmOYbH0-00721-00189404-00189575 I see you for who you are.
yttSpmOYbH0-00722-00189695-00189795 And for.
yttSpmOYbH0-00723-00189806-00189941 The next two days.
yttSpmOYbH0-00724-00190010-00190205 I am here to stand by you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00725-00190304-00190439 To sit next to you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00726-00190649-00190749 And together.
yttSpmOYbH0-00727-00190961-00191061 We can do this.
yttSpmOYbH0-00728-00191192-00191405 And finding like minded people.
yttSpmOYbH0-00729-00191465-00191699 And realizing you are never alone.
yttSpmOYbH0-00730-00191849-00192170 Maybe learning from the expert speakers
yttSpmOYbH0-00731-00192200-00192300 how to.
yttSpmOYbH0-00732-00192419-00192557 Let go of one thing.
yttSpmOYbH0-00733-00192593-00192707 How to learn
yttSpmOYbH0-00734-00192725-00192926 to understand
yttSpmOYbH0-00735-00192947-00193070 how to show up.
yttSpmOYbH0-00736-00193130-00193358 How to stand up for yourself.
yttSpmOYbH0-00737-00193397-00193505 How to.
yttSpmOYbH0-00738-00193541-00193841 Make certain changes in your life
yttSpmOYbH0-00739-00193853-00194000 how to de-clutter.
yttSpmOYbH0-00740-00194039-00194225 Your home space for
yttSpmOYbH0-00741-00194249-00194591 your body space or are your mind space.
yttSpmOYbH0-00742-00194711-00195176 There are so many tools and techniques you will learn from the speakers and yet
yttSpmOYbH0-00743-00195200-00195509 the healing exercises that we're going to do
yttSpmOYbH0-00744-00195536-00195755 that you will feel oh my God.
yttSpmOYbH0-00745-00195842-00195942 I.
yttSpmOYbH0-00746-00195950-00196050 Think.
yttSpmOYbH0-00747-00196061-00196418 Just like yesterday the client who was sitting like this
yttSpmOYbH0-00748-00196442-00196542 clamored
yttSpmOYbH0-00749-00196547-00196682 in defense mode.
yttSpmOYbH0-00750-00196784-00197210 By the time she left she says me I get a hug I feel like
yttSpmOYbH0-00751-00197237-00197337 a whole
yttSpmOYbH0-00752-00197354-00197555 weight has lifted off of me.
yttSpmOYbH0-00753-00197756-00197933 Today I got to see me.
yttSpmOYbH0-00754-00198308-00198408 And that's what
yttSpmOYbH0-00755-00198422-00198596 we do at the tweaking event.
yttSpmOYbH0-00756-00198650-00198908 That's what happens at the heel within.
yttSpmOYbH0-00757-00199046-00199160 You get to heal.
yttSpmOYbH0-00758-00199223-00199323 And site.
yttSpmOYbH0-00759-00199520-00199620 So.
yttSpmOYbH0-00760-00200003-00200201 Jasmine says please no more.
yttSpmOYbH0-00761-00200477-00200577 No.
yttSpmOYbH0-00762-00200651-00200816 I don't want any more.
yttSpmOYbH0-00763-00200924-00201024 I.
yttSpmOYbH0-00764-00201161-00201261 Yes.
yttSpmOYbH0-00765-00201302-00201569 So many I must say I don't want any more.
yttSpmOYbH0-00766-00201671-00201771 Okay.
yttSpmOYbH0-00767-00201827-00202106 Instead of saying I don't want any more.
yttSpmOYbH0-00768-00202211-00202311 What do you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00769-00202535-00202655 What do you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00770-00202850-00203030 And be very.
yttSpmOYbH0-00771-00203294-00203394 Comfortable.
yttSpmOYbH0-00772-00203441-00203681 By seeing the things you want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00773-00203741-00203861 With no judgment.
yttSpmOYbH0-00774-00203897-00203997 No guilt.
yttSpmOYbH0-00775-00204029-00204129 No shame.
yttSpmOYbH0-00776-00204242-00204410 Because you truly deserve
yttSpmOYbH0-00777-00204452-00204552 to live.
yttSpmOYbH0-00778-00204593-00204740 You to deserve.
yttSpmOYbH0-00779-00204836-00204936 Everything.
yttSpmOYbH0-00780-00205109-00205232 And when you ask for it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00781-00205562-00205679 I want you to notice.
yttSpmOYbH0-00782-00205841-00205941 God does get.
yttSpmOYbH0-00783-00206138-00206351 We usually get what we ask for.
yttSpmOYbH0-00784-00206555-00206655 So today.
yttSpmOYbH0-00785-00206966-00207101 Sit with yourself.
yttSpmOYbH0-00786-00207188-00207293 And be grateful for
yttSpmOYbH0-00787-00207308-00207408 everything.
yttSpmOYbH0-00788-00207527-00207627 That you half.
yttSpmOYbH0-00789-00207839-00207974 You have been given to.
yttSpmOYbH0-00790-00208193-00208370 And realize everything.
yttSpmOYbH0-00791-00208493-00208628 That you were grateful for
yttSpmOYbH0-00792-00208652-00208752 has been for you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00793-00208835-00209021 And today you can turn around and say.
yttSpmOYbH0-00794-00209102-00209210 Sturdy and today.
yttSpmOYbH0-00795-00209285-00209399 This is when I want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00796-00209489-00209756 And within the next six months this is where I will be.
yttSpmOYbH0-00797-00209858-00209958 And within.
yttSpmOYbH0-00798-00209984-00210084 So.
yttSpmOYbH0-00799-00210179-00210401 We get what we ask for.
yttSpmOYbH0-00800-00210587-00210780 I know it's hard to.
yttSpmOYbH0-00801-00210800-00210900 Fathom.
yttSpmOYbH0-00802-00211205-00211305 But that's what.
yttSpmOYbH0-00803-00211406-00211508 Faith is.
yttSpmOYbH0-00804-00211682-00211985 Our subconscious mind here's everything.
yttSpmOYbH0-00805-00212063-00212217 And will do
yttSpmOYbH0-00806-00212234-00212351 and give us
yttSpmOYbH0-00807-00212381-00212481 everything.
yttSpmOYbH0-00808-00212534-00212634 It's planted.
yttSpmOYbH0-00809-00212711-00212816 Just like a farmer.
yttSpmOYbH0-00810-00212885-00212985 You plant.
yttSpmOYbH0-00811-00213005-00213152 The good seed.
yttSpmOYbH0-00812-00213239-00213365 For the grass to grow.
yttSpmOYbH0-00813-00213479-00213579 And the poisoning.
yttSpmOYbH0-00814-00213656-00213756 Which one
yttSpmOYbH0-00815-00213764-00213878 will grow faster.
yttSpmOYbH0-00816-00213911-00214011 The one.
yttSpmOYbH0-00817-00214058-00214158 We water it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00818-00214250-00214350 The one
yttSpmOYbH0-00819-00214367-00214508 that pours rain.
yttSpmOYbH0-00820-00214568-00214790 And gets all the nourishment.
yttSpmOYbH0-00821-00214862-00214962 So today.
yttSpmOYbH0-00822-00215087-00215187 Be clear.
yttSpmOYbH0-00823-00215264-00215378 What is it that I want.
yttSpmOYbH0-00824-00215420-00215555 What do I desire.
yttSpmOYbH0-00825-00215609-00215750 What do I want to feel.
yttSpmOYbH0-00826-00215819-00215969 And start validating
yttSpmOYbH0-00827-00215999-00216110 your decisions.
yttSpmOYbH0-00828-00216191-00216291 And it's okay.
yttSpmOYbH0-00829-00216437-00216537 So.
yttSpmOYbH0-00830-00216596-00216797 This beautiful heat of the summer.
yttSpmOYbH0-00831-00216887-00217022 Let's welcome to heat.
yttSpmOYbH0-00832-00217079-00217190 Let's welcome
yttSpmOYbH0-00833-00217211-00217311 this time
yttSpmOYbH0-00834-00217325-00217541 that so many are taking vacations
yttSpmOYbH0-00835-00217568-00217754 children are out of school.
yttSpmOYbH0-00836-00217829-00217949 And everything.
yttSpmOYbH0-00837-00217985-00218087 That it's happening.
yttSpmOYbH0-00838-00218159-00218259 Around us.
yttSpmOYbH0-00839-00218405-00218505 Being grateful.
yttSpmOYbH0-00840-00218567-00218667 For living
yttSpmOYbH0-00841-00218690-00218828 and being part of.
yttSpmOYbH0-00842-00218940-00219089 This beautiful world.
yttSpmOYbH0-00843-00219314-00219539 I'm not saying there is nothing negative out there.
yttSpmOYbH0-00844-00219596-00219716 For there is a lot.
yttSpmOYbH0-00845-00219809-00220088 But what is the one thing you can do for yourself.
yttSpmOYbH0-00846-00220142-00220298 For your immediate family.
yttSpmOYbH0-00847-00220337-00220472 For your friends.
yttSpmOYbH0-00848-00220529-00220658 For your colleagues.
yttSpmOYbH0-00849-00220724-00220862 By saying yes to you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00850-00220940-00221060 I'm making a difference.
yttSpmOYbH0-00851-00221165-00221393 When we say harness your power within.
yttSpmOYbH0-00852-00221459-00221564 His to validate.
yttSpmOYbH0-00853-00221633-00221747 To appreciate
yttSpmOYbH0-00854-00221789-00221945 and to accept yourself.
yttSpmOYbH0-00855-00222023-00222128 So that you can.
yttSpmOYbH0-00856-00222164-00222264 Give.
yttSpmOYbH0-00857-00222290-00222413 And help others.
yttSpmOYbH0-00858-00222446-00222599 With a rippling effect.
yttSpmOYbH0-00859-00222890-00222998 Trust your gut.
yttSpmOYbH0-00860-00223088-00223188 Trust yourself.
yttSpmOYbH0-00861-00223304-00223568 Stand in front of the mirror and instead of saying.
yttSpmOYbH0-00862-00223643-00223808 It's so bad I don't wanna look.
yttSpmOYbH0-00863-00223877-00223977 You wink.
yttSpmOYbH0-00864-00224021-00224135 And you remembered the
yttSpmOYbH0-00865-00224150-00224250 little girl.
yttSpmOYbH0-00866-00224282-00224382 The young man.
yttSpmOYbH0-00867-00224432-00224532 And you say.
yttSpmOYbH0-00868-00224735-00224835 Let's get at it.
yttSpmOYbH0-00869-00224903-00225003 It's time to play.
yttSpmOYbH0-00870-00225122-00225233 And put the music on.
yttSpmOYbH0-00871-00225440-00225548 Say hello to you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00872-00225671-00225797 Say hello to you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00873-00225992-00226092 And with that.
yttSpmOYbH0-00874-00226304-00226427 I'll see you next week.
yttSpmOYbH0-00875-00226550-00226650 God bless you.
yttSpmOYbH0-00876-00226694-00226874 And may do you know where sunlight
yttSpmOYbH0-00877-00226901-00227001 surround here.
yttSpmOYbH0-00878-00227066-00227166 Bye Jasmine.
yttSpmOYbH0-00879-00227210-00227310 Bye Adrienne
yttSpmOYbH0-00880-00227510-00227610 Bye Anita.
yttSpmOYbH0-00881-00227675-00227780 And everyone.
yttSpmOYbH0-00882-00227822-00227922 Is watching here.
yttSpmOYbH0-00883-00228023-00228155 So make sure you
yttSpmOYbH0-00884-00228170-00228270 subscribe.
yttSpmOYbH0-00885-00228323-00228423 Pushed the button and
yttSpmOYbH0-00886-00228461-00228758 Subscribe to our Heal Talk Tuesdays.
yttSpmOYbH0-00887-00228809-00229184 And yes sign up to The 3E event.
yttSpmOYbH0-00888-00229214-00229373 Because for two
yttSpmOYbH0-00889-00229403-00229503 days.
yttSpmOYbH0-00890-00229523-00229784 You're going to have the most amazing.
yttSpmOYbH0-00891-00229847-00230022 time of your life.
yttSpmOYbH0-00892-00230099-00230199 See next week.
yttSpmOYbH0-00893-00230270-00230381 Enjoy the heat.
yttSpmOYbH0-00894-00230444-00230544 I know I will.
yuezRvam78y-00000-00000083-00000500 Hi Everyone.  For those interested in how to create your own podcast,
yuezRvam78y-00001-00000502-00000949 I'm going to very briefly introduce you to Audacity.  It's a free program
yuezRvam78y-00002-00000949-00001440 that you can download online.  As I said we'll be talking about it in week 5 when
yuezRvam78y-00003-00001440-00001752 we talk about technology but I just wanted to give you a sense of what this
yuezRvam78y-00004-00001752-00001810 looks like.
yuezRvam78y-00005-00001810-00002219 So as I said in the podcast, I create the script first
yuezRvam78y-00006-00002219-00002700 and once I had the script, or the lecture for the week,
yuezRvam78y-00007-00002700-00003022 I then took that and recorded
yuezRvam78y-00008-00003022-00003360 my reading of it.  So in order to do that
yuezRvam78y-00009-00003360-00003771 I opened up this program called Audacity. Audacity is free.
yuezRvam78y-00010-00003771-00004171 It's very easy to use.  It has a lot of bells and whistles
yuezRvam78y-00011-00004171-00004576 which honestly, you're probably never going to use unless you really get
yuezRvam78y-00012-00004576-00004719 into podcasting
yuezRvam78y-00013-00004719-00005257 or sound recording and things like that. You're largely going to deal with this
yuezRvam78y-00014-00005257-00005678 array of tools right up here on the left which has the pause button, the play
yuezRvam78y-00015-00005678-00005728 button,
yuezRvam78y-00016-00005728-00006048 the stop button, the important one which is the record button.
yuezRvam78y-00017-00006048-00006340 And of course, moving for moving to the Start or the End
yuezRvam78y-00018-00006348-00006740 of a recording.  So once I had my script, I was ready to go.
yuezRvam78y-00019-00006740-00007186 So I was holding onto my script and I hit the record button.
yuezRvam78y-00020-00007186-00007490 So as you'll notice, the record button goes
yuezRvam78y-00021-00007497-00007830 right into it.  And you can see a couple different things here.  You see
yuezRvam78y-00022-00007917-00008240 this graph here of the sound of my voice.
yuezRvam78y-00023-00008240-00008668 And it's kind of interesting recording my voice and also seeing the bar there
yuezRvam78y-00024-00008668-00009040 slowly develop as I speak.  And of course you have up here
yuezRvam78y-00025-00009043-00009510 identifying that the left and the right are working.  So this'll keep going on and
yuezRvam78y-00026-00009515-00009634 keep going on
yuezRvam78y-00027-00009634-00010040 and when I'm done reading, I very simply hit Stop.
yuezRvam78y-00028-00010043-00010450 Now if there's things that I want to
yuezRvam78y-00029-00010454-00010950 edit in this I certainly can. I can very simply--and this is this what I really
yuezRvam78y-00030-00010957-00011010 like about it
yuezRvam78y-00031-00011018-00011320 is its simplicity.  If I know
yuezRvam78y-00032-00011327-00011800 the first two seconds were irrelevant or stuff that wasn't needed
yuezRvam78y-00033-00011800-00012210 it might even be very similar to like a film where I say okay this is
yuezRvam78y-00034-00012211-00012580 Podcast 1, Take 1, I can very simply
yuezRvam78y-00035-00012580-00013147 click, drag, and release and therefore, I've  highlighted it and then I can hit
yuezRvam78y-00036-00013147-00013630 the delete key.  And now it's disappeared. So I can manipulate this in some very
yuezRvam78y-00037-00013630-00014160 simple ways or if I think it's perfect or I get it as perfect as I want, I can
yuezRvam78y-00038-00014161-00014260 go up to file
yuezRvam78y-00039-00014265-00014769 and I can export it and it's going to ask me to give it a file name
yuezRvam78y-00040-00014769-00015158 so I'm just going to call this "Test One" and I'm going to hit Save.
yuezRvam78y-00041-00015158-00015469 Now, it's going ask for meta-data
yuezRvam78y-00042-00015469-00015869 All this is is some additional information.  If you've ever used something
yuezRvam78y-00043-00015869-00015894 like
yuezRvam78y-00044-00015894-00016330 iTunes and you know how when you put a CD in and it automatically
yuezRvam78y-00045-00016336-00016730 finds the artist and the track name and the album.
yuezRvam78y-00046-00016730-00017172 Well, you can put that in for this mp3 that
yuezRvam78y-00047-00017172-00017601 you're making.  So I could put in the artist and that would be me and the track name
yuezRvam78y-00048-00017601-00017640 could be
yuezRvam78y-00049-00017645-00017940 "Test One."  So that if I were to play this in some
yuezRvam78y-00050-00017940-00018256 environment, it would pull these tags in there.
yuezRvam78y-00051-00018256-00018620 So I would hit OK and
yuezRvam78y-00052-00018620-00019020 If you saw that screen pop up real quick it, it told me how long it took which
yuezRvam78y-00053-00019020-00019330 for a very short file like this, it  took just have few seconds.
yuezRvam78y-00054-00019334-00019630 So as I said very briefly this is Audacity.
yuezRvam78y-00055-00019639-00019980 It's a very simple tool.  It is a very easy tool.  And if you're
yuezRvam78y-00056-00019980-00020426 already creating the written works such as your
yuezRvam78y-00057-00020426-00020770 learning guides and  your mini-lectures and  even your power points,
yuezRvam78y-00058-00020770-00021087 this might be a great tool for you to use to
yuezRvam78y-00059-00021087-00021470 add that extra element.  You know, something like this, a student can download and pop onto their
yuezRvam78y-00060-00021473-00021620 iPod or on their phone
yuezRvam78y-00061-00021620-00022060 or listen to while they're, you know, doing something, doing chores around the house,
yuezRvam78y-00062-00022060-00022131 or commuting.
yuezRvam78y-00063-00022131-00022529 So I hope this has been useful.  I'm more than happy to talk with you if you have
yuezRvam78y-00064-00022529-00022731 additional questions about how to use this program.
yuezRvam78y-00065-00022731-00022776 Thank you!
yuXU2FdoUW4-00000-00000200-00000400 Tomatoes
yuXU2FdoUW4-00001-00000800-00001000 Onions
yuXU2FdoUW4-00002-00001600-00001800 Bell peppers
yuXU2FdoUW4-00003-00003000-00003200 Feta cheese
yuXU2FdoUW4-00004-00003600-00004000 Olives
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yuXU2FdoUW4-00009-00004800-00005000 Bon appetit !
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00000-00000064-00000384 If you're an entrepreneur building a business in 2022,
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00001-00000384-00000848 there's a pretty good chance that you're relying on technology to run, grow, and transform your
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00002-00000848-00001320 business. There's also a pretty good chance that you've got questions. Lots of questions.
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00003-00001408-00001680 If you're non-technical, those questions probably sound something like,
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00004-00001680-00001872 "How do I choose between technology A and B,
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00005-00001872-00002224 how do I hire software engineers, or how do I keep myself from getting hacked?"
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00006-00002280-00002672 If you're on the technical side, you might be wondering, "How do I explain why it takes five
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00007-00002672-00003064 days to make a proof of concept but five months to deliver a system that's production-ready?"
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00008-00003152-00003624 Those questions often have complicated answers that assume a ton of background knowledge.
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00009-00003624-00003944 Fortunately, I've been working at the intersection of business, technology,
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00010-00003944-00004208 and product development for the past twenty years,
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00011-00004208-00004640 so what I'm going to do here is to break down those answers into bite-size, digestible chunks.
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00012-00004744-00004968 With two decades of experience, I have plenty of stories
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00013-00005048-00005480 and hard-won lessons to share, but I'd really like to know what you want answers to. So,
yx5wvBi0UoQ-00014-00005480-00006856 if you have questions, post them in the comments, and we'll start to make sense of this together.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00000-00000064-00000391 Hello. I am Frank Griffiths - Head of the UK region
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00001-00000391-00000824 at Symplicity Corporation. As an organisation, Symplicity works in close
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00002-00000824-00001159 partnership with universities to enable their students to be their
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00003-00001159-00001551 very best selves. We are delighted to partner with NADP
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00004-00001551-00001984 and being involved with the NADP Virtual Conference 2020.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00005-00001984-00002335 We see ourselves as a very close, ethical fit.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00006-00002335-00002824 A primary focus of our portfolio is to support disabled students to drive their
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00007-00002824-00003223 impact and success at university and beyond.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00008-00003223-00003552 Today, along with colleagues Louise and Alana,
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00009-00003552-00003855 we will highlight how together we can transform
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00010-00003855-00004184 interaction with disabled students; particularly important at this
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00011-00004184-00004736 challenging time. Disabled students are undoubtedly
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00012-00004736-00005168 suffering as a result of COVID 19. The university's job is difficult enough
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00013-00005168-00005448 during normal times but such has been the urgency of
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00014-00005448-00005832 transitioning to remote engagement, remote learning and planning the way
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00015-00005832-00006312 forward, some students have and are missing out. These are often the
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00016-00006312-00006728 students who need the most help. Let's take a look at the problem we are
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00017-00006728-00007168 together working to resolve. There's been a 40% increase in disabled
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00018-00007168-00007456 students joining universities in just four years.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00019-00007456-00007831 This is really positive as previously the opportunity for these students was
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00020-00007831-00008215 not always there but it does add responsibility and
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00021-00008215-00008520 opportunity for the university to enable these
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00022-00008520-00008815 students to excel.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00023-00008975-00009296 I would like to take a moment to review the potential
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00024-00009296-00009736 impact of the Symplicity Access solution from a student view,
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00025-00009736-00010120 from a university view and from a combined interest view.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00026-00010120-00010543 So from a student impact view it is about leveling the playing field for
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00027-00010543-00010936 students with a disability particularly important during this
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00028-00010936-00011415 pandemic. Focus on reduced anxiety, enhanced
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00029-00011415-00011736 well-being early through assurances of future
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00030-00011736-00012120 support and simple online registration with fast
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00031-00012120-00012479 responses, great success throughout the students
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00032-00012479-00012903 time at the university and greater success in life.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00033-00012903-00013312 From a university impact perspective the university will gain 100%
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00034-00013312-00013623 visibility of students requiring assistance.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00035-00013623-00013968 This allows the disability team to scale to ensure
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00036-00013968-00014336 support for students who need them. Earlier assurance for students
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00037-00014336-00014736 potentially before they even arrive at the university means that no student
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00038-00014736-00015040 misses out. No student changes their mind about
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00039-00015040-00015408 joining the university reducing no shows and no one struggles
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00040-00015408-00015759 by. Creating an integrated disability
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00041-00015759-00016047 support plan in advance of the student joining,
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00042-00016047-00016408 develop and evolve that plan throughout their time at the university
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00043-00016408-00016736 will provide greater levels of efficiency and productivity with
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00044-00016736-00017112 everything at your fingertips, continually measure
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00045-00017112-00017616 and report impact with real-time analytics and data trends
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00046-00017616-00018031 and continual service improvement where we identify this where the service has
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00047-00018031-00018551 fallen short of excellence and thrive to improve. From a student
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00048-00018551-00019008 and university impact we have optimized two-way communications
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00049-00019008-00019359 from student to university and vice versa and across departments and
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00050-00019359-00019704 campuses. Continual feedback from the students is
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00051-00019704-00020168 enhancing the quality for themselves and for future students.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00052-00020168-00020576 Data security and segregation so that only those who require
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00053-00020576-00020887 access to sensitive data have that access
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00054-00020887-00021264 and full transparency of the data held in support of service excellence
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00055-00021264-00021831 and compliance with GDPR. So for the storyline that we're about to
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00056-00021831-00022144 run through with you uh we do have three personas:
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00057-00022144-00022592 first of all we have Jodie Lakin. She is 19 years old and has had an offer
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00058-00022592-00022895 for Symplicity University. She's delighted
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00059-00022895-00023384 but equally anxious about the potential support she may receive.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00060-00023384-00023920 Hi yeah I'm Gavin Davis so I've worked as a Disability Advisor at Symplicity
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00061-00023920-00024378 University for six years and I love my job.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00062-00024378-00024808 And I'm professor Heather Adams - an academic lecturer for over 20 years.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00063-00024808-00025184 I'm also the head of the computing department and I'm very passionate about
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00064-00025184-00025779 enabling students. So I'm Gavin, I've been a Disability
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00065-00025779-00026104 Advisor at Symplicity University for six years and I love my job.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00066-00026104-00026591 I've seen first-hand year-on-year increase in students requiring support.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00067-00026591-00026936 This is excellent to see because university is now an option for some
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00068-00026936-00027456 where previously it might not have been. As I reflect on life prior to symplicity
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00069-00027456-00027719 access, everything was managed via paper
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00070-00027719-00028104 spreadsheets and emails, lots of firefighting and last minute
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00071-00028104-00028616 panic responses. Sadly some students missed out. Others
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00072-00028616-00029000 changed their mind about joining our university which was really not good.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00073-00029000-00029352 Now the entire process is streamlined and optimised.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00074-00029352-00029775 My team engages early to 100% of students who need support,
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00075-00029775-00030183 we provide assurance to prospective students and this drives confidence
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00076-00030183-00030488 in the students and reduces their anxiety.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00077-00030488-00030856 I am able to proactively communicate with all stakeholders
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00078-00030856-00031263 that students, academics, professional services, the leadership
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00079-00031263-00031672 securely and life is great.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00080-00032039-00032488 During the student application to join the universities
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00081-00032488-00032808 UCAS provides the students with an option of
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00082-00032808-00033240 choosing a disability category and describing the additional
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00083-00033240-00033568 study support that they will need at the university.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00084-00033568-00033975 This is an invaluable data source which can be easily integrated via student
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00085-00033975-00034440 records into Symplicity Access. We can then proactively contact all
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00086-00034440-00034856 students who need support. This prompts their registrations and
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00087-00034856-00035208 this early notification enables our university to provision support in
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00088-00035208-00035616 plenty of time and confirm that support with the student. The
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00089-00035616-00035863 student themselves will be seeking reassurance
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00090-00035863-00036624 and this confirmation will undoubtedly drive their confidence
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00091-00036624-00036944 so i've integrated all of that disability information for the up and
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00092-00036944-00037319 coming term from student records into Symplicity
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00093-00037319-00037760 Access. I've designed the communication which
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00094-00037760-00038072 will be sent out. This incorporates a link allowing
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00095-00038072-00038556 students to register for disability support. Clicking send,
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00096-00038556-00038984 245 emails are initiated including one to Jodie.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00097-00038984-00039288 Jodie will now need to register with the office
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00098-00039288-00039608 in order to begin planning.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00099-00039744-00040096 So as Jodie, I do have a long term visual impairment
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00100-00040096-00040496 therefore I'm not fully independent. I'm really excited to have an offer for a
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00101-00040496-00040928 place at Symplicity University but as I said I'm equally anxious as
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00102-00040928-00041312 I'm unsure of the support needs that I have will be available. Um I just
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00103-00041312-00041640 want some early assurances before committing to Symplicity University that
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00104-00041640-00042072 I'll receive the support I need as I prepare for university life.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00105-00042072-00042352 There is another local university who have also offered
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00106-00042352-00042847 me a place um although Symplicity is my first choice.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00107-00042847-00043328 So I've received my welcome note from Gavin and the team.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00108-00043328-00043647 I'm delighted to hear from him, I'm feeling a little relieved.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00109-00043647-00044016 I can see the clear instructions in in Gavin's welcome message
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00110-00044016-00044391 that I need to register with the disability office in order to begin
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00111-00044391-00044688 those discussions. So I'm going to go ahead and just click
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00112-00044688-00045184 on the link that was provided in the communication
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00113-00045256-00045688 and this will take me into the access online registration form.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00114-00045688-00046136 So it's very clear and simple for me to use and I can work my way through the
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00115-00046136-00046384 form providing information which will be sent
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00116-00046384-00046791 to Gavin and the team. Confirming the supports that I need will
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00117-00046791-00047256 be a huge relief and ensure my success. I'd simply provide minimal information
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00118-00047256-00047684 at this point and successfully register for the
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00119-00047684-00048112 support. After I submitted my information I
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00120-00048112-00048640 receive an automated response from Gavin, I receive details of what the next steps
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00121-00048640-00049024 are in the process which in this case is to first of all go
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00122-00049024-00049512 ahead and book an appointment to chat with Gavin. So I click on the
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00123-00049512-00049944 link to access the student portal
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00124-00050159-00050503 and once I've gained access to the portal, I can do a number of things in
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00125-00050503-00050752 here. First of all, I can keep track of my
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00126-00050752-00051119 application process but I can now also book an appointment
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00127-00051119-00051464 to chat with Gavin, so I do so by clicking the appointment
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00128-00051464-00051720 request,
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00129-00051808-00052151 I enter the criteria for when I'm available and I can match that to
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00130-00052151-00052567 Gavin's availability. I select the most suitable date and time
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00131-00052567-00052839 and one thing that has changed in this current environment
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00132-00052839-00053183 is that all meetings with Gavin are taking place online
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00133-00053183-00053520 so therefore the location is is for an online chat
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00134-00053520-00053983 and I'll receive details from Gavin as to how to to log on at the time
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00135-00053983-00054327 but now I've done that and I've selected my appointments,
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00136-00054327-00054672 um I feel much more relaxed knowing that I've made contact with them
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00137-00054672-00055112 and I'm going to have a chat. And at any stage I can log back into this portal
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00138-00055112-00055520 and view the status of my application without having to call Gavin directly,
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00139-00055520-00055927 just meaning I can be a bit more self-sufficient.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00140-00056095-00056504 This is excellent, I can easily see which students register.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00141-00056504-00056920 Furthermore, I can review and report against this information on a wide
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00142-00056920-00057527 or individual basis. Ah I can see that Jodie has registered,
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00143-00057527-00058055 excellent! I can review information Jodie has
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00144-00058055-00058479 provided. I can also see that she's booked an
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00145-00058479-00059032 appointment requesting a meeting. I will now prepare before we meet.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00146-00059032-00059479 So next up I will meet with Jodie and agree a preliminary plan
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00147-00059479-00059808 to support her needs.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00148-00059888-00060248 With that information I can develop a support plan in advance
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00149-00060248-00060583 of Jodie and other students joining the university.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00150-00060583-00060944 I'm working on first draft for Jodie's support plan right now
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00151-00060944-00061336 following the meeting with her. This will naturally evolve through her time at the
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00152-00061336-00061639 university. This provides greater levels of
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00153-00061639-00061951 efficiency and productivity through having everything at my
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00154-00061951-00062216 fingertips.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00155-00062232-00062672 Two-way secure communication between our students and the university is really
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00156-00062672-00063000 important. All data is located within a secure
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00157-00063000-00063272 database. With this sensitive information we
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00158-00063272-00063583 wouldn't want anyone having the opportunity to view it that
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00159-00063583-00063912 shouldn't. Data security of Symplicity Access
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00160-00063912-00064248 ensures only those who require access to the sensitive data can
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00161-00064248-00064386 actually access it.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00162-00064386-00064751 I'm Heather and I work as an academic and Lecturer
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00163-00064751-00065176 at Symplicity University. I'm also the head of computing. With my
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00164-00065176-00065400 team, I'm supporting students with disabilities
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00165-00065400-00065712 and learning difficulties.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00166-00065751-00066120 With Symplicity Access I automatically get informed about any student in my
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00167-00066120-00066520 faculty that needs additional support. I can see all of Jodie's support
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00168-00066520-00067000 requirements and who else internally has been involved.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00169-00067344-00067648 I can add to the support that has been developed and approve additional
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00170-00067648-00068024 activities as opportunities arrive.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00171-00068295-00068656 I can also contact Jodie directly even ahead of her starting at Symplicity
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00172-00068656-00068904 university to ensure that she has all the support
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00173-00068904-00069280 she needs from day one. This proactive support will help Jodie to
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00174-00069280-00069576 put her at ease, drive her confidence and reduce any
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00175-00069576-00069856 anxiety she might have.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00176-00069856-00070392 Now I've had that communication from Heather
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00177-00070392-00070776 and Gavin I feel really at ease knowing that I'll be taken care of.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00178-00070776-00071112 Um I just have the security that I can contact Gavin at any time and just
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00179-00071112-00071768 easily request any additional support need any support that I may need.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00180-00071768-00072120 Symplicity access has powerful reporting capabilities,
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00181-00072120-00072439 provides the ability to measure and report impact
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00182-00072439-00072927 with real-time analytics and data trends, continual service improvement as we
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00183-00072927-00073351 thrive for excellence. Students can provide feedback to the
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00184-00073351-00073688 team and this allows them to enhance the quality of the service to
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00185-00073688-00074308 impact themselves and future students.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00186-00074308-00074848 So revisiting the impacts that we
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00187-00074848-00075224 reviewed earlier, the interwoven scenarios we've covered
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00188-00075224-00075536 are designed to show use cases where impact
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00189-00075536-00075992 we have defined is important. Clearly the potential use cases are vast and
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00190-00075992-00076400 simplistic access can undoubtedly align to those specific to your university
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00191-00076400-00076776 securely and ethically.
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00192-00076800-00077183 Thank you for taking the time to review how Symplicity can support the
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00193-00077183-00077551 university to enable your disabled students so they
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00194-00077552-00077912 thrive. Thank you and good luck to all NADP
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00195-00077912-00078288 members and on behalf of all at Symplicity, stay
yz7Z7FEk8Xu-00196-00078288-00078744 safe and take care.
yzsZnSNazwI-00000-00001050-00001488 So the title of my presentation is "Feedback as a dialogic process on
yzsZnSNazwI-00001-00001488-00002338 first-year English courses". This presentation is or was about a study
yzsZnSNazwI-00002-00002338-00002941 that we did in 2016 where we interviewed conducted focus group interviews with
yzsZnSNazwI-00003-00002941-00003357 students on our first-year English courses regarding the feedback practices
yzsZnSNazwI-00004-00003357-00004173 on our courses and not unsurprisingly I suppose we found widespread
yzsZnSNazwI-00005-00004173-00004798 dissatisfaction and this is consistent with, in fact research worldwide, that
yzsZnSNazwI-00006-00004798-00005296 feedback is seemingly one of the most problematic experiences or part
yzsZnSNazwI-00007-00005296-00005782 of the student experience, so we obviously decided that we needed to take
yzsZnSNazwI-00008-00005782-00006294 action to address some of the issues that were raised, and, and so what I
yzsZnSNazwI-00009-00006294-00007015 presented was the series of actions that we took. These included a review of our
yzsZnSNazwI-00010-00007015-00007620 assessment schedule, a review of the descriptors that we use for each of our
yzsZnSNazwI-00011-00007620-00008326 assessment tasks, a review of use of our online feedback system, and I think
yzsZnSNazwI-00012-00008326-00008871 another very important thing was then also introduction of some training of
yzsZnSNazwI-00013-00008871-00009072 our instructors
yzsZnSNazwI-00014-00009628-00010114 My teaching team is a very big team so I coordinate a course where we have over
yzsZnSNazwI-00015-00010114-00010590 40 instructors on the course so one of the challenges of course has been to
yzsZnSNazwI-00016-00010590-00011265 help other instructors adopt practices which maybe for me are fairly natural
yzsZnSNazwI-00017-00011265-00011829 and things that I've been doing for some time, um but to help them take on those
yzsZnSNazwI-00018-00011829-00012433 same practices and I think getting the feedback from the students has helped to
yzsZnSNazwI-00019-00012433-00012950 facilitate instructors seeing the need to change.
yzsZnSNazwI-00020-00013386-00013812 Yes, well in fact it's my pleasure because I think it's a really nice
yzsZnSNazwI-00021-00013812-00014448 development in professional development in, in Hong Kong. I think for a lot of
yzsZnSNazwI-00022-00014448-00015051 years we've I would say relied on but but thought that best way was to bring
yzsZnSNazwI-00023-00015051-00015601 in outside experts and and and of course that there's a place for that but
yzsZnSNazwI-00024-00015601-00015990 there's a lot of expertise in Hong Kong, there's a lot of expertise within all
yzsZnSNazwI-00025-00015990-00016434 our centres, and it's just nice to have an opportunity to share and learn from
yzsZnSNazwI-00026-00016434-00016600 others within our community.
yzsZnSNazwI-00027-00017920-00018222 you
y-y45uy8XY4-00000-00000008-00001592 foreign
y-y45uy8XY4-00001-00002752-00003320 this is the stellaby starlight chord melody jazz guitar arrangement that i'm going to teach you
y-y45uy8XY4-00002-00003320-00003911 in this lesson stella by starlight is a classic jazz standard with a beautiful melody that mostly
y-y45uy8XY4-00003-00003911-00004464 stays within one major scale but the harmony moves around like crazy constantly changing keys
y-y45uy8XY4-00004-00004464-00005032 which is one of the things that makes this tune so lush and alluring all the greats played this
y-y45uy8XY4-00005-00005032-00005504 tune miles davis charlie parker joe pass ella fitzgerald lenny bro george benson
y-y45uy8XY4-00006-00005504-00006080 jim hall john coltrane bill evans chet baker keith jarrett stan getz frank sinatra art tatum
y-y45uy8XY4-00007-00006080-00006456 grant green the list goes on any of these artists you could look up find there them
y-y45uy8XY4-00008-00006456-00007000 playing this tune stella by starlight i created this arrangement as a chord melody where there's
y-y45uy8XY4-00009-00007000-00007520 a chord shape supporting almost every melody note check out my playlist on chord melodies i'll put
y-y45uy8XY4-00010-00007520-00007959 a link to that in the description so almost every melody note has a chord supporting it
y-y45uy8XY4-00011-00007959-00008488 and then i adapted it from there to be more like a complete solo guitar arrangement by separating
y-y45uy8XY4-00012-00008488-00009024 the articulation of the melody and the chords a little more so they really stand out as individual
y-y45uy8XY4-00013-00009024-00009536 parts if you want the sheet music and the tabs of this stella by starlight chord melody jazz
y-y45uy8XY4-00014-00009536-00010008 guitar arrangement you can download it for free it's in my free solo guitar arrangement pack
y-y45uy8XY4-00015-00010008-00010656 just click the link in the top of the description to get it or go to soundguitarlessons.com moon
y-y45uy8XY4-00016-00010656-00011152 first i'm going to play with the full chord melody arrangement with the sheet music and tabs on the
y-y45uy8XY4-00017-00011152-00011600 screen you'll see how what i'm playing lines up exactly with what's being shown on the screen
y-y45uy8XY4-00018-00011600-00012032 so you can take the whole thing in that way see it and hear it and that demonstration will also
y-y45uy8XY4-00019-00012032-00012584 serve as a great benchmark for you to work towards playing along with i'll be playing it at exactly
y-y45uy8XY4-00020-00012584-00013056 120 beats per minute after that i'm going to walk through the piece and choose a few different spots
y-y45uy8XY4-00021-00013056-00013616 to point out and share some technique advice and some interpretation advice to help you play it
y-y45uy8XY4-00022-00013616-00014072 as smoothly as possible to help you play it as clean as possible it's a pretty advanced
y-y45uy8XY4-00023-00014072-00014584 arrangement but with a few pieces of advice and a few areas we'll point out it'll help you get
y-y45uy8XY4-00024-00014584-00015024 the best sound out of this arrangement and at the end i'll show you how you can use a few different
y-y45uy8XY4-00025-00015024-00015391 right hand techniques to play this arrangement it doesn't have to be finger style even though
y-y45uy8XY4-00026-00015391-00015863 that's what i'm doing for the demonstrations so that will be at the end that's what we're
y-y45uy8XY4-00027-00015863-00016280 going to cover let's get into it oh by the way i'm jared borkowski from soundguitarlessons.com
y-y45uy8XY4-00028-00016280-00016832 where i teach how to go deep and become skilled musicians on the guitar and how to get more
y-y45uy8XY4-00029-00016832-00017280 creative and express ourselves more freely if you're new here welcome please subscribe and
y-y45uy8XY4-00030-00017280-00018384 follow okay here's the full demonstration with the sheet music and tabs on the screen one two three
y-y45uy8XY4-00031-00024312-00024864 that was it let me recommend some ways to play this at a high level to play it clean to play
y-y45uy8XY4-00032-00024864-00025600 it smooth to play it uh relaxed and just how to interpret it point number one never ever ever
y-y45uy8XY4-00033-00025600-00026095 sacrifice the melody the melody is the main thing so if you're going to concern yourself with
y-y45uy8XY4-00034-00026095-00026704 anything concern yourself with the melody being the most connected or getting the tone you want or
y-y45uy8XY4-00035-00026783-00028183 definitely being the loudest and really coming out as you'll hear me sometimes have a huge contrast
y-y45uy8XY4-00036-00028520-00028712 between the melody and the accompaniment just
y-y45uy8XY4-00037-00028712-00029000 in volume and then therefore in tone as well so i'm really
y-y45uy8XY4-00038-00029312-00029936 sometimes sometimes i'm exaggerating that and sometimes not i really like to so
y-y45uy8XY4-00039-00030688-00031192 i'm following the melody just as as the main thing the as the song and then the harmony is
y-y45uy8XY4-00040-00031192-00031544 supporting underneath so one way to separate the melody and the accompaniment other than
y-y45uy8XY4-00041-00031544-00032104 dynamics and other than just making sure the melody is connected is to use the rests in
y-y45uy8XY4-00042-00032104-00032512 this arrangement anyway the rests that are in the accompaniment so right here in the first measure
y-y45uy8XY4-00043-00032736-00032776 and then
y-y45uy8XY4-00044-00033000-00033448 the melody between measure one and two is ringing and then you have
y-y45uy8XY4-00045-00033592-00033960 and there's a little muted spot and i'll mute with my right hand melody
y-y45uy8XY4-00046-00034184-00034472 oh i just love that i think it brings so much depth
y-y45uy8XY4-00047-00034680-00035184 and you know i have a little reverb on here but there's that's really separating the accompaniment
y-y45uy8XY4-00048-00035184-00035680 from the melody by utilizing those rests you'll see in measure three there's also a spot
y-y45uy8XY4-00049-00035912-00036352 there's a little rest and it just gives it a little bit of rhythmic syncopation
y-y45uy8XY4-00050-00036352-00036968 when we do that another great example of this is measure 16 on the a minor 7 flat 5 chord we have
y-y45uy8XY4-00051-00037392-00037984 so that c in the top is ringing and that cord underneath
y-y45uy8XY4-00052-00038272-00038440 has a whole quarter note rest
y-y45uy8XY4-00053-00038664-00039104 while the melody on top is ringing so take advantage of those rests in the accompaniment
y-y45uy8XY4-00054-00039104-00039504 while the melody continues to ring another tip here is to just play more roboto
y-y45uy8XY4-00055-00039504-00040064 i played it very strictly in time how the sheet music is written out so i could show
y-y45uy8XY4-00056-00040064-00040336 you the sheet music and play it at the same time for my demonstration
y-y45uy8XY4-00057-00040336-00040712 but if i were to really perform this or do a recording of it and release it as
y-y45uy8XY4-00058-00040712-00041224 as music i would be a lot more free with it so one example is just right at the beginning where
y-y45uy8XY4-00059-00041224-00042184 there's a quarter note and you go one two three four one um you can be way more robotic with that
y-y45uy8XY4-00060-00044280-00044592 if you want to it can be ballad like it can be very rubato just
y-y45uy8XY4-00061-00044592-00044904 giving example there of just like stretching the time as much as i want
y-y45uy8XY4-00062-00044904-00045264 and or change rhythms anywhere you want in this third measure
y-y45uy8XY4-00063-00045728-00046216 right different accompaniment on the bottom i mean this is just an arrangement that i i
y-y45uy8XY4-00064-00046216-00046600 always make an arrangement of any tune that i want to know as part of my repertoire or do a
y-y45uy8XY4-00065-00046600-00047168 chord melody and or solo guitar arrangement of it and so i'll do that but i don't always write it
y-y45uy8XY4-00066-00047168-00047640 out i wrote this out to teach you and there's so many decisions for me to make like how do
y-y45uy8XY4-00067-00047640-00048096 i want to write this out because i often play it differently so i might on this c minor 7 go
y-y45uy8XY4-00068-00048632-00049240 which is how it's written or right so if you want to start to explore how would i if i
y-y45uy8XY4-00069-00049240-00049800 were the artist or if you were the arranger and you had 100 control over how do i actually want
y-y45uy8XY4-00070-00049800-00050160 to play this what would you change what do you maybe hear what do you feel what
y-y45uy8XY4-00071-00050160-00050616 version have you listened to that inspires you you're allowed to change whatever you want you're
y-y45uy8XY4-00072-00050616-00051200 the artist speaking of that my next tip is to let yourself change the voicings even which is maybe
y-y45uy8XY4-00073-00051200-00051688 obvious from my last tip but i have a specific example here in measure 23 to 24 there's a b
y-y45uy8XY4-00074-00051688-00052184 flat major 9 chord c is the melody that's the nine of the chord that's why it's b flat major nine
y-y45uy8XY4-00075-00052184-00052655 um and then i have the root in the bottom and then and then so that's root seven three and then five
y-y45uy8XY4-00076-00052872-00053400 but that's really hard one to play and hard to get to in context and you can just leave
y-y45uy8XY4-00077-00053400-00053800 that root out right so i might play it sometimes i play it like this where i go
y-y45uy8XY4-00078-00054088-00054120 and then
y-y45uy8XY4-00079-00054448-00054872 right so this is that same voicing that same b flat major 9 but without the root where i played
y-y45uy8XY4-00080-00054872-00055360 the 9 7 3 5 and you don't have to be thinking of it that way but i just took that low note out
y-y45uy8XY4-00081-00055360-00055824 because the bar is really hard to get to so if i really want to hear that i'll reach for it if not
y-y45uy8XY4-00082-00055952-00056488 i'll just fill it in this way so you can change voicings to make them easier on you you can just
y-y45uy8XY4-00083-00056488-00056791 not play a chord when i'm doing the arrangement itself
y-y45uy8XY4-00084-00056888-00057472 i have to decide so this voicing right here this is measure 23 during the a flat 7 sharp 11 chord
y-y45uy8XY4-00085-00057560-00058496 okay that's the second beat of 23 measure 23. well what if you just wanted to just play the
y-y45uy8XY4-00086-00058496-00058936 melody only so these are choices that also gets us in tune with if you were arranging
y-y45uy8XY4-00087-00058936-00059264 your own thing where would you want to support and where would you not want to so if we went
y-y45uy8XY4-00088-00059808-00060416 oh nice you still get a chord here you still get this chord here it wasn't that bad to not include
y-y45uy8XY4-00089-00060416-00060848 that chord in between so you're allowed to change things here's the biggest point of all the biggest
y-y45uy8XY4-00090-00060848-00061304 tip the most important thing for all guitar playing especially solo guitar playing put your
y-y45uy8XY4-00091-00061304-00061896 fingers down only as you need them okay this is all over the place like if you go to measure three
y-y45uy8XY4-00092-00061896-00062344 c minor seven you have to bar there because you have to prepare for what's gonna happen with the
y-y45uy8XY4-00093-00062344-00063344 bar but i'm not putting down this note here this b flat until i need it okay so that's one example
y-y45uy8XY4-00094-00063344-00063736 let's jump to measure eleven where there's an e minor seven flat five chord and then an a7
y-y45uy8XY4-00095-00063736-00064232 flat nine chord one of my favorite spots here so right before that we're playing a d with the pinky
y-y45uy8XY4-00096-00064448-00064584 i love this
y-y45uy8XY4-00097-00064848-00065112 that little spot there and what comes right before that is
y-y45uy8XY4-00098-00065352-00066128 okay so it's measure eight oh sorry measure ten measure eleven okay i'm here with my pinky first
y-y45uy8XY4-00099-00066184-00066776 and then i put down and i'm on the the end of the last measure and then i put down my first finger
y-y45uy8XY4-00100-00066776-00067312 then i put down my middle finger that open g then i have the open a so put those down as i need them
y-y45uy8XY4-00101-00067312-00067848 and so it goes with every single spot you possibly can don't make a shape don't make a chord shape
y-y45uy8XY4-00102-00067848-00068480 just because you're gonna end up there put your fingers down as you need them to play clean that
y-y45uy8XY4-00103-00068480-00068936 is that is the secret my final piece of advice to play a solo guitar arrangement or chord melody
y-y45uy8XY4-00104-00068936-00069464 arrangement uh even better is to know the melody separately from the arrangement not just where you
y-y45uy8XY4-00105-00069464-00070000 play it in the arrangement think of it within like a position or a scale form and in a couple octaves
y-y45uy8XY4-00106-00070072-00071584 so in this case think in the b flat major scale and that's like in the fifth position
y-y45uy8XY4-00107-00072880-00073320 okay so really i'm just rushing through it there to demonstrate and i'm playing it and thinking
y-y45uy8XY4-00108-00073320-00073728 of it around there's two notes that are outside of the scale that are chromatic notes uh outside
y-y45uy8XY4-00109-00073728-00074384 of the b flat major scale the rest is just b flat major scale so i'll play it up here too
y-y45uy8XY4-00110-00075720-00076016 now we're in territory that the arrangement uses because we're on the top string
y-y45uy8XY4-00111-00076736-00077352 so that's long game stuff but that helps me immensely with interpreting performing
y-y45uy8XY4-00112-00077352-00077808 feeling good about my interpretation and execution of a solo guitar arrangement or
y-y45uy8XY4-00113-00077808-00078128 the chord melody arrangement especially helps with you know creating the arrangement in the
y-y45uy8XY4-00114-00078128-00078600 first place so if that's one of your goals definitely internalize the melody as a melody
y-y45uy8XY4-00115-00078600-00079032 and just thinking of it within a scale form or within interval relationships and seeing it
y-y45uy8XY4-00116-00079032-00079368 hearing it feeling it on the fretboard the last thing we're going to talk about like i said is
y-y45uy8XY4-00117-00079368-00079712 just that this doesn't have to be a finger style thing even though i was playing it with fingers
y-y45uy8XY4-00118-00079712-00080208 you can use a pick and this works beautifully with pick i really like it a lot
y-y45uy8XY4-00119-00080776-00081456 so not every arrangement works that way it depends on what's in it but you can get away with just
y-y45uy8XY4-00120-00081456-00082096 strumming every chord with a pick and uh and or use your thumb completely which is nice too
y-y45uy8XY4-00121-00082096-00083432 i like this a lot i'm not as used to that so i have a harder time distinguishing the
y-y45uy8XY4-00122-00083432-00083824 cords underneath but if i wanted to do it that way i would work work on it and get it clean
y-y45uy8XY4-00123-00083824-00084184 uh so i think that's a cool thing about this arrangement you don't have to be a finger style
y-y45uy8XY4-00124-00084240-00084632 player if you're using only pick it works really well and i really like the sound of it that way if
y-y45uy8XY4-00125-00084632-00085104 you want these sheet music and tabs of this exact arrangement for free just download my solo guitar
y-y45uy8XY4-00126-00085104-00085680 arrangement pack there's a link in the top of the description and or go to soundguitarlessons.com
y-y45uy8XY4-00127-00085736-00086168 moon there's a few other awesome arrangements in that solo guitar arrangement pack autumn leaves is
y-y45uy8XY4-00128-00086168-00086680 one of them flaming to the moon is one of them um and this stella by starlight uh chord melody solo
y-y45uy8XY4-00129-00086680-00087216 guitar style arrangement uh so i hope you grab that and have some great uh practicing sessions
y-y45uy8XY4-00130-00087216-00087632 with it let me know in the comments if you want more videos on chord melody jazz guitar or solo
y-y45uy8XY4-00131-00087632-00088112 guitar arrangements we could do this on any tune it's one of my favorite things to practice and
y-y45uy8XY4-00132-00088112-00088568 do anytime i want to work on a song and make sure i do a little arrangement of it so if you
y-y45uy8XY4-00133-00088568-00089016 want to know more about that or have a specific song request just let me know in the comments
y-y45uy8XY4-00134-00089016-00089488 i did a video recently on my autumn leaves solo guitar arrangement i'll post a link to that video
y-y45uy8XY4-00135-00089488-00089936 in the description i have a new video lesson come out every week next week's lesson is on
y-y45uy8XY4-00136-00089936-00090568 being able to completely improvise from scratch a full solo fingerpicking guitar sound that's going
y-y45uy8XY4-00137-00090568-00091072 to be really fun hope to see you there thanks for watching take care and happy practicing
y_RrEEieAto-00000-00000024-00001935 I'm wrong I know I'm in a world where justice is  one but there's something I learned now
y_RrEEieAto-00001-00001935-00002498 my heart says no so I want to fight against  the law you're the king
y_RrEEieAto-00002-00002499-00003644 you can kill me kill my body I shout my song my soul will be law
y_RrEEieAto-00003-00003645-00004491 the justice you need the love that you killed the world's gonna change and you can't
y_RrEEieAto-00004-00004491-00004732 deny it
y_RrEEieAto-00005-00004732-00005630 just give up just give up rebellion we needed is now and now and forever and
y_RrEEieAto-00006-00005630-00005989 ever will be
yBEFs7D2aH0-00000-00000000-00000400 Amerikka adhibar Joe Biden, Washington-il irundhu, Atlanta-vukku selvadharkaaga---(American President Joe Biden, to travel from Washington to Atlanta,) 
yBEFs7D2aH0-00001-00000404-00000648 sirappu vimaanatthil payaNam merkondaar---(traveled on his special aircraft)
yBEFs7D2aH0-00002-00000648-00001144 vimaantthil era muyanra bOthu moonru murai thadumaari keeze vizundhaar.---(When he tried to climb the stairs onto the plane, he tripped and fell down thrice)
yBEFs7D2aH0-00003-00001148-00001348 Sudhaaritthu ezundha avar, payanatthai thodarndhaar---(he managed to get up and continued his journey)
yBEFs7D2aH0-00004-00001398-00001598 idhu kuritthu veLLai maaLigai seithi thodarbaaLar ---(Regarding this, the white house's news/press representative)
yBEFs7D2aH0-00005-00001598-00001798 Kareena Jean Pierre koorugayil---(Kareena Jean Pierre said,)
yBEFs7D2aH0-00006-00001798-00001998 Joe Biden vimaanatthil era muyanra bOthu---(Joe Biden when he tried to get on to the plane,)
yBEFs7D2aH0-00007-00001998-00002198 balattha kaatru veesiyadhu---(there was heavy gust of wind)
yBEFs7D2aH0-00008-00002198-00002398 adhanaal kaal idari avar vizundhirukkalaam---(so that is probably why he tripped and fell)
yBEFs7D2aH0-00009-00002398-00002598 avarukku gaayam edhuvum erpadavillai---(he wasn't injured)
yBEFs7D2aH0-00010-00002598-00002940 nalla udal nalatthudan uLLaar enraar.---(he is in good health, she said.)
yBEFs7D2aH0-00011-00002940-00003600 Thanks to www.Dinamalar.com. Subtitles by: www.acquirejobskills.com.  Language learning made easy. Please subscribe to our channel to watch more such videos.
yCkLpo-TC4M-00000-00001568-00001850 Hello artists, how are you?
yCkLpo-TC4M-00001-00001872-00002308 This week I propose you a new MODDED color called "DIAMOND BORA BORA".
yCkLpo-TC4M-00002-00002394-00002693 Don’t forget to SUBSCRIBE to stay informed about the next MODDED colors videos
yCkLpo-TC4M-00003-00002693-00002982 and leave a LIKE if you like the ones proposed.
yCkLpo-TC4M-00004-00002982-00003262 Before you begin, make a request to your leader
yCkLpo-TC4M-00005-00003262-00003401 or crew captains
yCkLpo-TC4M-00006-00003417-00003688 to enter the HEX & RGB values on the Social Club
yCkLpo-TC4M-00007-00003688-00003957 as shown at the moment on the capture displayed on your screen
yCkLpo-TC4M-00008-00003957-00004075 or share the video to them.
yCkLpo-TC4M-00009-00004134-00004231 To proceed,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00010-00004231-00004514 you must place your mouse cursor on the colored rectangle
yCkLpo-TC4M-00011-00004514-00004680 corresponding to your crew color,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00012-00004732-00004982 right click on it, then "INSPECT",
yCkLpo-TC4M-00013-00005007-00005320 a console will appear either at the bottom or to the right of your screen;
yCkLpo-TC4M-00014-00005359-00005642 locate the line "crew color...value" enter the HEX value
yCkLpo-TC4M-00015-00005642-00005933 then validate with the "ENTER" key of your keyboard;
yCkLpo-TC4M-00016-00005998-00006266 locate the line "Background color.. RGB"
yCkLpo-TC4M-00017-00006266-00006550 enter the RGB value,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00018-00006550-00006718 validate with the ENTER key of your keyboard as well.
yCkLpo-TC4M-00019-00006797-00007041 Now, do, "SAVE THIS CREW",
yCkLpo-TC4M-00020-00007041-00007158 then launch the GAME.
yCkLpo-TC4M-00021-00007217-00007523 Once you’re at Los Santos Custom or BENNY’S, go to the PAINTING menu.
yCkLpo-TC4M-00022-00007523-00007826 If your vehicle has two colors:
yCkLpo-TC4M-00023-00007826-00007947 "Primary" and "Secondary",
yCkLpo-TC4M-00024-00007947-00008256 start with the Secondary to apply The first layer.
yCkLpo-TC4M-00025-00008256-00008543 Once in the Secondary Color menu, go to METALS,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00026-00008543-00008829 select Brushed Aluminum and validate;
yCkLpo-TC4M-00027-00008847-00009060 then go to Primary Color,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00028-00009102-00009386 METALS and Brushed Aluminum,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00029-00009386-00009579 validate.
yCkLpo-TC4M-00030-00009792-00010055 Then go to Primary Color, Metallic,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00031-00010145-00010494 stay 4 seconds, do not validate anything
yCkLpo-TC4M-00032-00010637-00010737 then exit.
yCkLpo-TC4M-00033-00010761-00010954 Go to Crew Emblem,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00034-00011015-00011314 apply it; go back to
yCkLpo-TC4M-00035-00011314-00011478 Primary Color,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00036-00011511-00011754 Pearlescent Color Menu,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00037-00011754-00012097 select the Ice White shade
yCkLpo-TC4M-00038-00012132-00012232 and validate,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00039-00012280-00012566 and then go back. Go to Primary Color, CREW,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00040-00012607-00012862 you validate. You exit,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00041-00012966-00013281 you go to Secondary Color, CREW,
yCkLpo-TC4M-00042-00013281-00013477 you validate.
yCkLpo-TC4M-00043-00013535-00013794 Here you go, you have the
yCkLpo-TC4M-00044-00013794-00013998 "DIAMOND BORA BORA" shade on your bodyshell.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00000-00001100-00001900 Prateik Babbar on his character in Mulk: It’s the role of a boy who’s goneastray
yCAgXIXbCa8-00001-00002000-00003500 Actor Prateik Babbar, who has been struggling to find his bearings, is finally in a happy and peaceful space as he is all set to tie the knot with fiance Sanya Sagar.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00002-00003600-00005100 On the professional front, Prateik's cocaine-snorting bad boy act in the blockbuster Baaghi 2 has got him back into the reckoning, although as he says a majority of his role was cut.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00003-00005200-00006000 Prateik now has Anubhav Sinha's hard-hitting political drama Mulk where he plays a terror accused.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00004-00006100-00006800 "It's the role of a boy who's gone astray.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00005-00006900-00007600 When I heard it I immediately wanted to do it.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00006-00007700-00008400 There's so much pain and hurt and persecution embodied in the part.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00007-00008500-00009300 Muslims are looked on in a particular way with suspicion and distrust for no fault of theirs.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00008-00009400-00010100 It is a very frightening situation.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00009-00010200-00011300 Anubhav Sir has captured the turmoil of the community, and I was more than happy to be part of the film," says Prateik happily.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00010-00011400-00012100 Luckily he swam through the audition.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00011-00012200-00012900 "I was in.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00012-00013000-00013700 And I was totally immersed in my character.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00013-00013800-00014500 When the role came to me I was only given my part and my lines.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00014-00014600-00015300 I didn't know the rest of the script and characters.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00015-00015400-00016300 So I focused on getting my part right before I had a chance to get familiar with the rest of the characters and the plot.".
yCAgXIXbCa8-00016-00016400-00017100 Prateik says this is the phase he had been waiting for.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00017-00017200-00017900 "I find it hard to believe that I've been working for ten years.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00018-00018000-00018700 I feel I'm starting out only now.".
yCAgXIXbCa8-00019-00018800-00019500 He is honest enough to admit he went through a period of great emotional trauma.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00020-00019600-00020300 "I lost both my grandparents.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00021-00020400-00021100 My grandmother was the mother I never had.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00022-00021200-00021900 The emptiness will never go away.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00023-00022000-00022700 But luckily I have my two aunts now to look after me.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00024-00022800-00023500 And of course, there's my fiancée.".
yCAgXIXbCa8-00025-00023600-00024300 Prateik says love has changed his life.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00026-00024400-00025200 "I am more at peace, able to focus on my work and I've someone to go back to at the end of the day.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00027-00025300-00026000 I am very clear on keeping my professional and personal lives apart.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00028-00026100-00026800 I will never allow the two to clash.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00029-00026900-00027600 Of course, she is also part of cinema.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00030-00027700-00028400 She is an editor, writer and a filmmaker.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00031-00028500-00029200 But her priorities are very different from mine.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00032-00029300-00030000 We are very different people.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00033-00030100-00030800 And yet we've so much in common.".
yCAgXIXbCa8-00034-00030900-00031600 Completely besotted by love Prateik promises marriage very soon.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00035-00031700-00032400 "We are definitely getting married in the first few months of 2019.
yCAgXIXbCa8-00036-00032500-00033200 I know this is for keeps.".   .
yFKY-0u-jdy-00000-00000100-00000500 Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Type Conversion in Java.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00001-00000600-00000700 In this tutorial,  we learn:
yFKY-0u-jdy-00002-00000800-00001200 * How to convert data from one data type to another.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00003-00001300-00001700 * the two types of conversion, namely implicit and explicit conversion. And
yFKY-0u-jdy-00004-00001800-00002200 * How to convert strings to numbers
yFKY-0u-jdy-00005-00002300-00003200 For this tutorial we are using  Ubuntu 11.10  JDK 1.6  and  Eclipse 3.7
yFKY-0u-jdy-00006-00003300-00003700 To follow this tutorial, you must have knowledge of data types in Java.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00007-00003800-00004600 If not, for relevant tutorial please visit our website as shown
yFKY-0u-jdy-00008-00004700-00005200 Type conversion means converting data from one data type to another.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00009-00005300-00005400 Let us see how it it done.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00010-00005500-00006100 Switch to Eclipse
yFKY-0u-jdy-00011-00006200-00006600 Here we have the Eclipse IDE and the skeleton required for the rest of the code.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00012-00006700-00007200 I have created a class TypeConversion and added the main method to it.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00013-00007300-00007800 Now let us create a few variables.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00014-00007900-00009200 int a equal to 5 float b b equal to a
yFKY-0u-jdy-00015-00009300-00009800 I have created two variables. a which is an integer and b which is a float.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00016-00009900-00010200 I’m storing the integer value in a float variable.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00017-00010300-00010700 Let us see what the float variable now contains.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00018-00010800-00011700 System dot out dot println  (b); '
yFKY-0u-jdy-00019-00011800-00012600 Save the file and run it.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00020-00012700-00013200 We can see that the integer 5 has been converted to float 5.0
yFKY-0u-jdy-00021-00013300-00013600 This type of conversion is called implicit conversion.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00022-00013700-00014300 As the name goes,  the value is automatically converted to suit the data type.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00023-00014400-00014900 Now let us convert float to an int, using the same method.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00024-00015000-00016900 Remove the   5  float b equal to 2.5f  and let us store b in a and print the value of  a .
yFKY-0u-jdy-00025-00017000-00017500 Save the file.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00026-00017600-00017900 we   see that there is an error.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00027-00018000-00018500 The error message  reads, Type mismatch: cannot convert from float to int
yFKY-0u-jdy-00028-00018600-00019200 It means Implicit conversion is possible only from an int to a float but not the the other way.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00029-00019300-00019600 To convert a float to an  int we have to use explicit conversion.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00030-00019700-00020200 Let us see how to do so.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00031-00020300-00021300 We do that by using an int in parentheses, before the variable
yFKY-0u-jdy-00032-00021400-00022200 This statement says the data in the variable b has to be converted to int data type and stored in a.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00033-00022300-00023000 save and run the file
yFKY-0u-jdy-00034-00023100-00023500 As we can see, the float value has been converted to int.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00035-00023600-00024000 But to suit the data type, the data has been changed accordingly.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00036-00024100-00024600 Explicit conversion can also be used to convert data from int to float.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00037-00024700-00024900 Let us try  the previous example.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00038-00025000-00027100 int a =5, float b, b =  (float) a
yFKY-0u-jdy-00039-00027200-00027500 System.out.println(b);
yFKY-0u-jdy-00040-00027600-00028100 We are using Explicit conversion to convert integer to a  float
yFKY-0u-jdy-00041-00028200-00029000 Save  the file and Run it.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00042-00029100-00029700 we  see that   the int value has been converted  to  a float value
yFKY-0u-jdy-00043-00029800-00030500 Let us  see what happens when we convert  a  character to an integer.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00044-00030600-00032300 int a,   char c equal to in single quotes 'm'; '
yFKY-0u-jdy-00045-00032400-00033100 a equal to  '(int) c
yFKY-0u-jdy-00046-00033200-00033500 System dot out dot println '  (a);
yFKY-0u-jdy-00047-00033600-00034200 We are converting the  character  m to an integer and printing the value
yFKY-0u-jdy-00048-00034300-00035200 Let us save and run it
yFKY-0u-jdy-00049-00035300-00035700 As we can see, the output is 109 which the ascii value of m.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00050-00035800-00036200 It means when a char is converted to int, its ascii value is stored.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00051-00036300-00036500 Let us try this with a digit.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00052-00036600-00037000 char c = digit 5
yFKY-0u-jdy-00053-00037100-00037700 Save it and run it
yFKY-0u-jdy-00054-00037800-00038300 As we can see, the output is 53 which is the ascii value of the character ‘5’
yFKY-0u-jdy-00055-00038400-00038500 It is not the number 5.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00056-00038600-00039000 To get the number, we have to use a string and convert it to an integer.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00057-00039100-00039200 Now let us see how to do so.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00058-00039300-00039700 Clean up the main function
yFKY-0u-jdy-00059-00039800-00039900 type
yFKY-0u-jdy-00060-00040000-00041700 String sHeight  string form of Height equal to in double quotes 6
yFKY-0u-jdy-00061-00041800-00043000 int h equal to explicit conversion int of sHeight   and
yFKY-0u-jdy-00062-00043100-00044600 System dot out dot println  h  Save the file.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00063-00044700-00045600 I’ve created a string variable with value 6 and i am trying to convert it to an integer but we see that there is an error
yFKY-0u-jdy-00064-00045700-00046100 And the error message reads Cannot cast from String to int.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00065-00046200-00046700 This means for converting strings, we cannot use implicit or explicit conversion.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00066-00046800-00047700 It must be done by other methods. let us use them
yFKY-0u-jdy-00067-00047800-00050000 Remove  int sHeight  and type  Integer dot parseInt   sHeight '.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00068-00050100-00050800 Save the file and run it
yFKY-0u-jdy-00069-00050900-00051400 we   see that the   value  has   been successfully  converted to an  integer.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00070-00051500-00052000 To do this we use the parseInt method of the integer module.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00071-00052100-00052800 Now let us see what happens if there are more than one digits like 6543
yFKY-0u-jdy-00072-00052900-00053400 Save the file and run it
yFKY-0u-jdy-00073-00053500-00054200 We see that again the string containing  the number has been successfully converted to an integer
yFKY-0u-jdy-00074-00054300-00054900 Now let us see what happens if the strings is a floating point number
yFKY-0u-jdy-00075-00055000-00056100 Change 6543 to65.43.So we have a floating point number in the strings and we are converting it to an integer
yFKY-0u-jdy-00076-00056200-00057000 Save the file  run it.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00077-00057100-00058000 We see that there is an error  This happens because we cannot convert a   string  which contains    floating point number to an integer
yFKY-0u-jdy-00078-00058100-00058400 We have to convert it to  a float.Let us see how to do so;
yFKY-0u-jdy-00079-00058500-00059000 First data type should be float,
yFKY-0u-jdy-00080-00059100-00060600 Second we will use  float . parsefloat
yFKY-0u-jdy-00081-00060700-00061700 We are using the Parsefloat methods of the float class to convert the string containing a floating point number into an actual floating point number.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00082-00061800-00063200 Save the file   run it. We can  see  that the string containing a floating point number  has been successfully converted  to floating point number.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00083-00063300-00064400 And this is how we do implicit and explicit conversion and How do we converts strings to numbers.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00084-00064500-00064700 This brings us to  the end of the tutorial.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00085-00064800-00065300 In this tutorial we have learnt how to convert data from one type to another.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00086-00065400-00065600 What is meant by implicit and  explicit conversion
yFKY-0u-jdy-00087-00065700-00066000 and How to convert strings to numbers.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00088-00066100-00066600 As an assignment for this tutorial Read about the Integer.toString and Float.toString.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00089-00066700-00067300 And Find out What do they do?
yFKY-0u-jdy-00090-00067400-00067900 To know more about the Spoken Tutorial project, watch the video available at the following link,
yFKY-0u-jdy-00091-00068000-00068200 It  summarises the spoken- tutorial project.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00092-00068300-00068600 if you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
yFKY-0u-jdy-00093-00068700-00069000 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team. Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
yFKY-0u-jdy-00094-00069100-00069300 Gives certificates for those who pass an online test.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00095-00069400-00069900 For more details, please write to contact AT spoken HYPHEN tutorial DOT org.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00096-00070000-00070300 The   Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
yFKY-0u-jdy-00097-00070400-00070900 It is supported by theNational Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
yFKY-0u-jdy-00098-00071000-00071400 More information on this Mission is available at the following link spoken HYPHEN tutorial DOT org SLASH NMEICT HYPHEN Intro
yFKY-0u-jdy-00099-00071500-00072000 This tutorial has been contributed by TalentSprint. Thanks for joining.
yFLboaMpg8u-00000-00000010-00000240 WITH COLLIN TALBERT.
yFLboaMpg8u-00001-00000240-00000246 WITH COLLIN TALBERT.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00002-00000246-00000340 WITH COLLIN TALBERT. >> COLLIN: EVENING, EVERYONE.
yFLboaMpg8u-00003-00000340-00000347 WITH COLLIN TALBERT. >> COLLIN: EVENING, EVERYONE.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00004-00000347-00000453 WITH COLLIN TALBERT. >> COLLIN: EVENING, EVERYONE. WITH A YOUNG TEAM, BIG GAMES
yFLboaMpg8u-00005-00000453-00000460 >> COLLIN: EVENING, EVERYONE. WITH A YOUNG TEAM, BIG GAMES  
yFLboaMpg8u-00006-00000460-00000577 >> COLLIN: EVENING, EVERYONE. WITH A YOUNG TEAM, BIG GAMES EARLY IN THE SEASON CAN BE A
yFLboaMpg8u-00007-00000577-00000583 WITH A YOUNG TEAM, BIG GAMES EARLY IN THE SEASON CAN BE A  
yFLboaMpg8u-00008-00000583-00000677 WITH A YOUNG TEAM, BIG GAMES EARLY IN THE SEASON CAN BE A GREAT TEST.
yFLboaMpg8u-00009-00000677-00000684 EARLY IN THE SEASON CAN BE A GREAT TEST.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00010-00000684-00000864 EARLY IN THE SEASON CAN BE A GREAT TEST. THAT'S THE CASE FOR BEMIDJI BOYS
yFLboaMpg8u-00011-00000864-00000870 GREAT TEST. THAT'S THE CASE FOR BEMIDJI BOYS  
yFLboaMpg8u-00012-00000870-00000994 GREAT TEST. THAT'S THE CASE FOR BEMIDJI BOYS HOCKEY THIS WEEK.
yFLboaMpg8u-00013-00000994-00001000 THAT'S THE CASE FOR BEMIDJI BOYS HOCKEY THIS WEEK.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00014-00001000-00001251 THAT'S THE CASE FOR BEMIDJI BOYS HOCKEY THIS WEEK. TWO TEAMS IN THE TOP 10 IN CLASS
yFLboaMpg8u-00015-00001251-00001257 HOCKEY THIS WEEK. TWO TEAMS IN THE TOP 10 IN CLASS  
yFLboaMpg8u-00016-00001257-00001501 HOCKEY THIS WEEK. TWO TEAMS IN THE TOP 10 IN CLASS 2-A, MOORHEAD AND DULUTH EAST,
yFLboaMpg8u-00017-00001501-00001508 TWO TEAMS IN THE TOP 10 IN CLASS 2-A, MOORHEAD AND DULUTH EAST,  
yFLboaMpg8u-00018-00001508-00001671 TWO TEAMS IN THE TOP 10 IN CLASS 2-A, MOORHEAD AND DULUTH EAST, BOTH VISITING THE BCA.
yFLboaMpg8u-00019-00001671-00001678 2-A, MOORHEAD AND DULUTH EAST, BOTH VISITING THE BCA.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00020-00001678-00001878 2-A, MOORHEAD AND DULUTH EAST, BOTH VISITING THE BCA. FIRST UP, THE SPUDS, THEY'RE
yFLboaMpg8u-00021-00001878-00001885 BOTH VISITING THE BCA. FIRST UP, THE SPUDS, THEY'RE  
yFLboaMpg8u-00022-00001885-00002058 BOTH VISITING THE BCA. FIRST UP, THE SPUDS, THEY'RE RANKED IN THE TOP 5.
yFLboaMpg8u-00023-00002058-00002065 FIRST UP, THE SPUDS, THEY'RE RANKED IN THE TOP 5.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00024-00002065-00002178 FIRST UP, THE SPUDS, THEY'RE RANKED IN THE TOP 5. LET'S PLAY HOCKEY.
yFLboaMpg8u-00025-00002178-00002185 RANKED IN THE TOP 5. LET'S PLAY HOCKEY.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00026-00002185-00002362 RANKED IN THE TOP 5. LET'S PLAY HOCKEY. JACKS DOWN ONE IN THE FIRST.
yFLboaMpg8u-00027-00002362-00002369 LET'S PLAY HOCKEY. JACKS DOWN ONE IN THE FIRST.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00028-00002369-00002622 LET'S PLAY HOCKEY. JACKS DOWN ONE IN THE FIRST. AN A PLUS CHANCE OUT FRONT.
yFLboaMpg8u-00029-00002622-00002629 JACKS DOWN ONE IN THE FIRST. AN A PLUS CHANCE OUT FRONT.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00030-00002629-00003029 JACKS DOWN ONE IN THE FIRST. AN A PLUS CHANCE OUT FRONT. TATE HAMMETT THE BLAST.
yFLboaMpg8u-00031-00003029-00003036 AN A PLUS CHANCE OUT FRONT. TATE HAMMETT THE BLAST.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00032-00003036-00003246 AN A PLUS CHANCE OUT FRONT. TATE HAMMETT THE BLAST. BUT LANCE LEONARDO IS THERE FOR
yFLboaMpg8u-00033-00003246-00003253 TATE HAMMETT THE BLAST. BUT LANCE LEONARDO IS THERE FOR  
yFLboaMpg8u-00034-00003253-00003333 TATE HAMMETT THE BLAST. BUT LANCE LEONARDO IS THERE FOR THE SAVE.
yFLboaMpg8u-00035-00003333-00003339 BUT LANCE LEONARDO IS THERE FOR THE SAVE.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00036-00003339-00003460 BUT LANCE LEONARDO IS THERE FOR THE SAVE. ON THE OTHER END, MATT
yFLboaMpg8u-00037-00003460-00003466 THE SAVE. ON THE OTHER END, MATT  
yFLboaMpg8u-00038-00003466-00003610 THE SAVE. ON THE OTHER END, MATT FITZGERALD BUSY ONCE AGAIN.
yFLboaMpg8u-00039-00003610-00003616 ON THE OTHER END, MATT FITZGERALD BUSY ONCE AGAIN.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00040-00003616-00003910 ON THE OTHER END, MATT FITZGERALD BUSY ONCE AGAIN. THIS ONE RIGHT IN FRONT, HE HAD
yFLboaMpg8u-00041-00003910-00003917 FITZGERALD BUSY ONCE AGAIN. THIS ONE RIGHT IN FRONT, HE HAD  
yFLboaMpg8u-00042-00003917-00003957 FITZGERALD BUSY ONCE AGAIN. THIS ONE RIGHT IN FRONT, HE HAD 35.
yFLboaMpg8u-00043-00003957-00003963 THIS ONE RIGHT IN FRONT, HE HAD 35.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00044-00003963-00004117 THIS ONE RIGHT IN FRONT, HE HAD 35. HE ALSO HIT THE 1,000 MILESTONE
yFLboaMpg8u-00045-00004117-00004124 35. HE ALSO HIT THE 1,000 MILESTONE  
yFLboaMpg8u-00046-00004124-00004210 35. HE ALSO HIT THE 1,000 MILESTONE IN HIS CAREER.
yFLboaMpg8u-00047-00004210-00004217 HE ALSO HIT THE 1,000 MILESTONE IN HIS CAREER.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00048-00004217-00004401 HE ALSO HIT THE 1,000 MILESTONE IN HIS CAREER. KEEP AN EYE ON THIS MOORHEAD
yFLboaMpg8u-00049-00004401-00004407 IN HIS CAREER. KEEP AN EYE ON THIS MOORHEAD  
yFLboaMpg8u-00050-00004407-00004554 IN HIS CAREER. KEEP AN EYE ON THIS MOORHEAD TEAM, SOLID ALL AROUND.
yFLboaMpg8u-00051-00004554-00004561 KEEP AN EYE ON THIS MOORHEAD TEAM, SOLID ALL AROUND.  
yFLboaMpg8u-00052-00004561-00004697 KEEP AN EYE ON THIS MOORHEAD TEAM, SOLID ALL AROUND. RYAN STAFFORD WITH THE POWER
yFLboaMpg8u-00053-00004697-00004704 TEAM, SOLID ALL AROUND. RYAN STAFFORD WITH THE POWER  
yFLboaMpg8u-00054-00004704-00004828 TEAM, SOLID ALL AROUND. RYAN STAFFORD WITH THE POWER PLAY GOAL, GOES IN.
yGeKZDLDF_A-00000-00000000-00000168 Chinese Year of the Tiger
yL9vzMdS9P0-00000-00000000-00000312 please please please please please please please um
yL9vzMdS9P0-00001-00000312-00001112 yeah come on with that come out with that come out coming out with it oh oh my goodness
yL9vzMdS9P0-00002-00001112-00001512 yeah they got rid of the chocolate chip oh no remember when they did the whole grains bro
yL9vzMdS9P0-00003-00002616-00003320 welcome back to the sandbar and on today's episode we're gonna get into one of my friends
yL9vzMdS9P0-00004-00003320-00004079 endeavors here they're uh they're visiting from florida and with us today we have actor
yL9vzMdS9P0-00005-00004144-00004672 songwriter artist producer another one intruder another one a true another one
yL9vzMdS9P0-00006-00004920-00005872 beautiful activist and just the overall amazing dude my boy will johnson thank you thank you uh
yL9vzMdS9P0-00007-00005872-00006384 it is a blessing to be on your podcast today and i just want to say how thankful and appreciative
yL9vzMdS9P0-00008-00006384-00006831 i am for this opportunity this beautiful moment dang man you gonna make me cry we
yL9vzMdS9P0-00009-00006831-00007584 just started bro relax bro relax just a couple tears not we're not soiling the royal oats yet
yL9vzMdS9P0-00010-00007720-00008256 but yeah well um so you know how you been bro take me through what's what's been going on in your
yL9vzMdS9P0-00011-00008256-00009088 life lately man uh so honestly always busy always working on what i love um but currently i'm doing
yL9vzMdS9P0-00012-00009088-00009608 a lot of what i love right now literally quit my job and i know we talked about this earlier i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00013-00009608-00010272 quit my job so that way i can focus on more what i love what i'm passionate about and that raw focus
yL9vzMdS9P0-00014-00010400-00010776 you know um it's a blessing for me to still be able to make money
yL9vzMdS9P0-00015-00010832-00011160 doing what i love through all of this especially in the pandemic we're living in
yL9vzMdS9P0-00016-00011160-00011672 and after a year we just had um but yeah man i'm doing a lot of what i love so i think that's
yL9vzMdS9P0-00017-00011672-00012296 the most important part i think that's that's necessary right now a lot of people realize that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00018-00012296-00012784 some of the things that we were worried about before really aren't that significant and we're
yL9vzMdS9P0-00019-00012784-00013416 starting to really like i think the work space the work just regular nine to five jobs are taking the
yL9vzMdS9P0-00020-00013416-00013991 environment a little more seriously taking mental health a little more seriously and people are more
yL9vzMdS9P0-00021-00013991-00014352 you know involved with the people around them you know you appreciate your friends and your family
yL9vzMdS9P0-00022-00014352-00014872 way more now either because you had to spend a lot of time with them or you didn't get to spend any
yL9vzMdS9P0-00023-00014872-00015319 time with them right you know on either side of that and it's crazy that it took a pandemic for
yL9vzMdS9P0-00024-00015319-00015672 that to happen i mean think about it bro like when you watch a movie when do people change
yL9vzMdS9P0-00025-00015800-00016328 like when the zombie apocalypse and stuff comes that's when people start reacting hey man movies
yL9vzMdS9P0-00026-00016408-00017128 what's happening in movies it's crazy yeah it comes from somewhere right so um let's see
yL9vzMdS9P0-00027-00017240-00017816 you moved down to florida correct for a purpose though like you didn't just go down there because
yL9vzMdS9P0-00028-00017816-00018232 you wanted to be a florida of course not you know would you what was the situation going what
yL9vzMdS9P0-00029-00018232-00018888 was the thought process so um so unfortunately there has been things in my life that has set
yL9vzMdS9P0-00030-00018888-00019344 me back that have broken down the foundation that i've always tried to build for myself
yL9vzMdS9P0-00031-00019400-00020040 um like when i graduated high school i moved out to florida because i mean after high school i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00032-00020040-00020632 moved out to new york so that way i can focus on my acting a lot more and try to be in tune
yL9vzMdS9P0-00033-00020632-00021296 with what i love yeah but of course things have happened and it broke down the foundation again
yL9vzMdS9P0-00034-00021296-00021816 and i had to come back to pa so i was thinking i was like you know what i need to take some
yL9vzMdS9P0-00035-00021816-00022320 time to really build up on myself and figure out where i want to go and where i want to be
yL9vzMdS9P0-00036-00022416-00023024 so i took a vacation down to florida beautiful vacation and um i was like you know what this is
yL9vzMdS9P0-00037-00023024-00023728 great i'm surrounded by a lot of art and a lot of people who are like-minded and driven and focused
yL9vzMdS9P0-00038-00023728-00024288 because there's many places in the world where you know you can get stuff done like new york
yL9vzMdS9P0-00039-00024288-00024896 like california line of opportunities um so florida has just been one of those things
yL9vzMdS9P0-00040-00024896-00025432 that have blessed me with the ability to do what i want to do yeah okay so what are you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00041-00025432-00026183 doing in florida now so currently i am filming so doing a lot of my acting i am doing a lot of
yL9vzMdS9P0-00042-00026183-00026912 spoken word events going out to different venues i've been invited as a guest speaker uh come
yL9vzMdS9P0-00043-00026912-00027704 on dabble in something so um just stealing the show um holding space on the stage and you know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00044-00027800-00028456 we we ain't strangers to that yeah yeah yeah well i mean i dabbled but i was you got your feet wet
yL9vzMdS9P0-00045-00028456-00028880 yeah i got my feet wet but i definitely didn't get into it as deep as i probably would have
yL9vzMdS9P0-00046-00028880-00029376 liked but i was i was all over the place during that time so yeah sure that's true yeah i didn't
yL9vzMdS9P0-00047-00029376-00030200 uh i didn't prioritize the things that require prioritization right right yeah right but um so
yL9vzMdS9P0-00048-00030272-00030912 i saw you uh so you're doing your acting films making not just because we got to clarify this
yL9vzMdS9P0-00049-00030912-00031352 right because you're not only you're shooting commercials but you're also working on your own
yL9vzMdS9P0-00050-00031408-00031920 content as far as film and entertainment that kind of thing that you put out
yL9vzMdS9P0-00051-00031920-00032400 yourself whether it's a part of your spoken word or if it's just something that you're doing
yL9vzMdS9P0-00052-00032400-00032952 you know for whatever purpose entertainment or for for um if you want to do like a more serious thing
yL9vzMdS9P0-00053-00032952-00033568 and you also you know do motivational speaking mm-hmm so that's you know man i'm gonna just
yL9vzMdS9P0-00054-00033568-00034104 let you know right now you inspire me every day right hey i appreciate that and y'all you have
yL9vzMdS9P0-00055-00034104-00034544 to get to know will i'm gonna make sure to plug him at the end of this video but you know was
yL9vzMdS9P0-00056-00034624-00035256 uh the way i see it will is we we've talked about talked about this before um
yL9vzMdS9P0-00057-00035384-00035976 will is kind of like me in a different environment you know and true that's very true and vice versa
yL9vzMdS9P0-00058-00036040-00036584 i'm like him if he were in a different environment you know we we kind of have that weird uh
yL9vzMdS9P0-00059-00036704-00037432 connection yeah yeah yeah uh it's like i feel like we're soul mates in a way you know see and a lot
yL9vzMdS9P0-00060-00037432-00038040 of people they think soul mates only um reflect around like romantic yeah yeah yeah i know like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00061-00038040-00038624 there are people that come into your life or that you cross paths with and then you become soulmates
yL9vzMdS9P0-00062-00038624-00039160 the vibe that's what people you know people are like i can vibe with them like that's a connection
yL9vzMdS9P0-00063-00039160-00039688 you know that's just that's in how would you say this it's like a extra physical connection there's
yL9vzMdS9P0-00064-00039688-00040120 probably an actual metaphysical or something like that but there's actually a word extraterrestrial
yL9vzMdS9P0-00065-00040272-00040592 but yeah you know you just kind of connect with people in a certain way
yL9vzMdS9P0-00066-00040592-00041040 and i i've been able to kind of through through the podcast too i've been able to
yL9vzMdS9P0-00067-00041040-00041656 to kind of figure out where that comes from or how how to tap into that sort of but yeah so aside
yL9vzMdS9P0-00068-00041656-00042184 from the acting you know you've been getting into a lot of the spoken word like yes you know youtube
yL9vzMdS9P0-00069-00042248-00042672 instagram wherever you know wherever wherever you get your social media was on there so
yL9vzMdS9P0-00070-00042760-00043328 for your spoken word um i guess i just kind of want to know where does that come from you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00071-00043328-00044056 know i i know your story but where to you you know i i don't know the mind i can't tell what
yL9vzMdS9P0-00072-00044056-00044616 you're thinking understood understood so um this is a perfect time right now for me to be
yL9vzMdS9P0-00073-00044616-00045256 uh speaking actually right now um so i'm gonna make two key points uh one about 2020
yL9vzMdS9P0-00074-00045256-00045920 um and one about just as an artist so especially for my spoken word i was reading this book one
yL9vzMdS9P0-00075-00045920-00046600 time and it was called um i wrote this for you and only you by ian thomas so go cop his
yL9vzMdS9P0-00076-00046600-00047128 book and check that out please because he's a wonderful artist and writer blah blah blah um
yL9vzMdS9P0-00077-00047232-00048064 and it said in the book you as an artist have the greatest or hardest job of all time
yL9vzMdS9P0-00078-00048168-00048976 you are charged with making people feel in a world that tells them not to so every time um i ask
yL9vzMdS9P0-00079-00048976-00049512 somebody or throughout my work and people leave comments and stuff i reach out to them and i say
yL9vzMdS9P0-00080-00049568-00050064 what about my video made you feel this way or how did it get to this point where you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00081-00050064-00050632 are crying or you're excited about the work that i post and the content that i produce and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00082-00050688-00051296 they say you just make me feel so that fills me with peace and gratitude that feels with feelings
yL9vzMdS9P0-00083-00051560-00052191 so yeah it's crazy it's like how how did we get to this point in time where me as an
yL9vzMdS9P0-00084-00052191-00052912 artist and i'm able to fulfill my duties and i'm able to complete my job yeah and uh 2020
yL9vzMdS9P0-00085-00053055-00053600 2020 was the year perfect vision whether we like it or not it was a beautiful year oh yeah for many
yL9vzMdS9P0-00086-00053600-00054128 things yeah for many reasons yeah we don't want to discount obviously the tragedies the losses
yL9vzMdS9P0-00087-00054128-00054608 but at the same time i think through those tragedies and losses we found
yL9vzMdS9P0-00088-00054608-00055224 the beauty of what a vision like you're saying you know so like it is it's definitely was like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00089-00055344-00055816 after the year ended though and coming into 2021 it was like a breath of fresh air
yL9vzMdS9P0-00090-00055816-00056288 because it was like wow we get to start over yeah yeah but at the same time there's a lot
yL9vzMdS9P0-00091-00056288-00056944 of people's like wow we get to start over we get to do this again it's not fair yeah so um
yL9vzMdS9P0-00092-00056944-00057855 yeah definitely with my spoken word um words carry weight and for me to be able to put them in such a
yL9vzMdS9P0-00093-00057855-00058584 way where you can feel what i'm saying to you it's different yeah it's not an easy thing to do at all
yL9vzMdS9P0-00094-00058655-00059288 and um from my of course you know my story but for my like past and from my traumatic experiences and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00095-00059288-00059848 from the things that i've had to live through putting those in words is not easy at all
yL9vzMdS9P0-00096-00059976-00060760 but for me to do that and i don't do it for myself it's it makes it bigger than who i am
yL9vzMdS9P0-00097-00060760-00061336 yeah and i'm grateful for that yeah it's uh i i definitely get where you're coming from as far as
yL9vzMdS9P0-00098-00061336-00061784 you know when you feel something i this happens to me all the time when you feel something
yL9vzMdS9P0-00099-00061855-00062296 you when you feel something strongly it's so much harder to put it into words whether it's a
yL9vzMdS9P0-00100-00062296-00062840 a good or bad feeling or if it's just uh because sometimes you'll you'll fee you'll feel so
yL9vzMdS9P0-00101-00062840-00063336 strongly about something but you don't even know if you're upset or happy about it and when it gets
yL9vzMdS9P0-00102-00063336-00063912 to that you don't really know how to describe it because there's words are powerful but sometimes
yL9vzMdS9P0-00103-00063912-00064536 just expressing yourself is worth more than anything you could have said or people treating
yL9vzMdS9P0-00104-00064536-00065216 you in a certain way whoa whoa whoa slow it down say that one more time that was fire you know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00105-00065336-00065936 there are times when expressing yourself is more powerful than any words you could have said write
yL9vzMdS9P0-00106-00065936-00066648 that down write that down right now and you it's obviously through words it's a lot easier to
yL9vzMdS9P0-00107-00066648-00067280 communicate that to people directly and sometimes you don't even have to like our you know when you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00108-00067280-00067712 have somebody in your life that really kind of knows you or somebody that has that kind of vibe
yL9vzMdS9P0-00109-00067712-00068248 that that soul mate connection they can pick up on cues they know who you are they can pick up on
yL9vzMdS9P0-00110-00068248-00068840 on the way you're feeling without you having to say words or um if you have some some people there
yL9vzMdS9P0-00111-00068896-00069528 they've had whoever raised them your your mom your dad uncles aunts guardians step parents whatever
yL9vzMdS9P0-00112-00069528-00070256 they spend so much time watching you grow that when you don't even have to be doing anything and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00113-00070256-00070832 they'll just feel something right but um and then we have we have i have friends like that you know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00114-00070832-00071416 i have okay i have like one or two but you know i have people that'll just be like hey you know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00115-00071416-00071984 what's what's up you know yeah either it's it's everything yeah it's just whatever reason either i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00116-00071984-00072560 looked a little weird on a post or maybe i haven't hit them up or i haven't done something in a while
yL9vzMdS9P0-00117-00072624-00073072 and they'll just hey yo you're good like what's going on and i appreciate that so much because i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00118-00073072-00073520 know a lot of people don't have that and it's not necessarily their fault because a lot of people um
yL9vzMdS9P0-00119-00073520-00073952 they'll say that you isolate yourself or you know you're not really a people person but the thing is
yL9vzMdS9P0-00120-00073952-00074480 we sometimes you don't have that environment you don't have those people exactly and it's crazy
yL9vzMdS9P0-00121-00074480-00075056 that you say that um because i wrote this piece uh and it was very subtle and it basically said
yL9vzMdS9P0-00122-00075056-00075664 it's not that people don't want to talk about it is that they don't know how to yeah so for
yL9vzMdS9P0-00123-00075664-00076152 you to put them in a position to be like speak say something about it yeah yeah they're like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00124-00076320-00076696 like i don't know what to say yeah i don't know what to feel because
yL9vzMdS9P0-00125-00076696-00077248 we feel so much and people tell us what are you feeling feel this feel that and it's like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00126-00077328-00077952 is is much more long gone are the days of sticks and stones may break my bones but words
yL9vzMdS9P0-00127-00077952-00078520 would never hurt me that's that generation is not that gen honestly i believe that that generation
yL9vzMdS9P0-00128-00078576-00079080 is the generation right before the anti-bullying right i think were we talking about this in
yL9vzMdS9P0-00129-00079080-00079496 the car about bullying no no no no i was having this conversation with somebody else but we were
yL9vzMdS9P0-00130-00079496-00080384 talking about how um i don't i'm not advocating for bullying but um when you protect our younger
yL9vzMdS9P0-00131-00080384-00080984 generations from so many real life things because you can do anti-bullying in school all you want
yL9vzMdS9P0-00132-00080984-00081360 but when they get to college they're going to get bullied you know when they when they get out in
yL9vzMdS9P0-00133-00081360-00081656 the real world they're going to get booked so he basically saying don't go to college
yL9vzMdS9P0-00134-00081816-00082072 don't go to the room but any anywhere you go
yL9vzMdS9P0-00135-00082160-00082704 bullying but now it's not that we um it's not that we're battling bullying bullying has adapted
yL9vzMdS9P0-00136-00082704-00083136 you know i'm not even talking about cyber bullying it's all those people that are out on social media
yL9vzMdS9P0-00137-00083192-00083568 and saying whatever they want that's cyber bullying or whatever but some people in real life
yL9vzMdS9P0-00138-00083568-00083896 now they just feel like they can voice whatever they want to say exactly and that like for you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00139-00083896-00084336 to say that you can literally say the same thing about like racism yeah yeah like it's bullying
yL9vzMdS9P0-00140-00084336-00085040 right that's the type of book it's crazy yeah ah that's powerful it has a powerful perspective
yL9vzMdS9P0-00141-00085040-00085680 to look at um you know it's not like you need your kids to eat dirt like a little bit of dirt
yL9vzMdS9P0-00142-00085680-00086088 is going to strengthen their immune system now you don't want that you don't want them to eat a whole
yL9vzMdS9P0-00143-00086088-00086504 amount you know eat a whole bunch and sometimes you know as kids we we drunk from the water holes
yL9vzMdS9P0-00144-00086672-00087288 yes yes but now kids now if somebody don't drink from that no your immune system by
yL9vzMdS9P0-00145-00087344-00087712 gone your red blood cells i don't know i don't know if you ever did this but we
yL9vzMdS9P0-00146-00087712-00088080 had like little onion grass some people's yards had like oh you know they're just
yL9vzMdS9P0-00147-00088080-00088432 showing on it yeah and just a little bit of chewing just like while we're like playing
yL9vzMdS9P0-00148-00088432-00089032 flag football or something like like sometimes like acorns oh yes you ever bite them you know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00149-00089032-00089480 bro somebody told me spiders live in acorns so i got scared so i picked up my acorn one time
yL9vzMdS9P0-00150-00089568-00090056 it was a spider in it so technically they weren't wrong but it's not but it's not
yL9vzMdS9P0-00151-00090056-00090688 fast oh my that just bro that when i get so upset when people take a thing and just run it as facts
yL9vzMdS9P0-00152-00090688-00090968 like there's somebody there's something in my life i'm not gonna put it i'm not gonna throw
yL9vzMdS9P0-00153-00090968-00091480 them under the bus right now but they love to take a thing that is factual in the moment like it
yL9vzMdS9P0-00154-00091480-00092136 it's a fact in that instance right so they'll be like um you'll see you'll see a pitbull with
yL9vzMdS9P0-00155-00092136-00092528 a spotted pimple just a pimple with some spots on it right and they'll come up to me and be like yo
yL9vzMdS9P0-00156-00092528-00093096 all people's got spots like i'm telling you right now i just saw people and all of them are spotted
yL9vzMdS9P0-00157-00093152-00093584 and like they're they're an expert all of a sudden because they experience this one thing though and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00158-00093648-00094152 it's kind of like they're a little dramatic that they're not always being serious but when you when
yL9vzMdS9P0-00159-00094152-00094696 you don't kind of identify that within yourself you you let it leak out into real life situations
yL9vzMdS9P0-00160-00094696-00095240 so now if somebody comes to you with advice and you think you know everything about them you'll be
yL9vzMdS9P0-00161-00095240-00095640 like oh no do this and that this is a bad person because i've handled this before i've seen a
yL9vzMdS9P0-00162-00095640-00096024 person like this before when they don't know the other person's circumstance see that's exactly
yL9vzMdS9P0-00163-00096024-00096520 where you have to be careful with giving advice because once you start giving advice because i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00164-00096520-00097152 don't give advice um i give encouragement once you start giving advice it's basically saying you need
yL9vzMdS9P0-00165-00097152-00097768 to do this because this is what i know yeah in his life exactly what you did is not gonna work
yL9vzMdS9P0-00166-00097768-00098144 for this person because one they're feeling things different even though it's the same
yL9vzMdS9P0-00167-00098144-00098664 emotions right because we we recycle these same emotions because we're humans we're all connected
yL9vzMdS9P0-00168-00098736-00099360 but we feel things differently so it's like i'm gonna do this this way you do this this way
yL9vzMdS9P0-00169-00099504-00099856 we're going to meet up somewhere somewhere yeah there's going to be some sort of
yL9vzMdS9P0-00170-00099856-00100400 but it's not the same outcome because you're you may be a different person than when you were
yL9vzMdS9P0-00171-00100400-00101000 before i met you yeah and i'm i could be elevated or i could be just feeling depressed and down
yL9vzMdS9P0-00172-00101000-00101552 in the dirt all from the same situation and also you might meet at the outcome like your journeys
yL9vzMdS9P0-00173-00101552-00102272 might have been different but the result was the same and so i've taken that into consideration now
yL9vzMdS9P0-00174-00102272-00102808 that when people come to me for advice i i've stepped away from telling them what to do and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00175-00102808-00103280 telling them how to feel but now i'm like okay this is what i would do this is you know this is
yL9vzMdS9P0-00176-00103335-00103728 how i would have handled it and then knowing the person if i know them a little bit i can be
yL9vzMdS9P0-00177-00103728-00104296 like well you know a lot of times you look for this kind of thing and maybe just think about
yL9vzMdS9P0-00178-00104296-00104648 something else like you you wanna you kind of that's great you kind of wanna help lead
yL9vzMdS9P0-00179-00104648-00105224 them towards because they're coming to you for a reason you know but you wanna help them kind of
yL9vzMdS9P0-00180-00105280-00105672 just articulate because sometimes just talking to somebody they'll while they're explaining things
yL9vzMdS9P0-00181-00105672-00106064 to you while they're responding to what you're saying they'll figure it out themselves right you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00182-00106064-00106648 know we're problem solvers naturally so they'll they just need a way they need an outlet they
yL9vzMdS9P0-00183-00106648-00107176 need a vessel to help get that out of them right but um you know when you're telling just someone
yL9vzMdS9P0-00184-00107256-00107704 to do something because you think this is what they should do not only some people aren't
yL9vzMdS9P0-00185-00107704-00108183 responsive but other people might do it and it doesn't work and now they might not even if they
yL9vzMdS9P0-00186-00108183-00108511 don't feel any negative feelings towards you they might feel worse about themselves because they're
yL9vzMdS9P0-00187-00108511-00109008 like oh well this person told me to go do this and it didn't work so i must suck right or i must be
yL9vzMdS9P0-00188-00109008-00109520 doing it wrong or like that's definitely like especially in like when you're trying to get to
yL9vzMdS9P0-00189-00109520-00110192 a certain point or you're trying to get somewhere yeah if you don't reach success you suck yes yes
yL9vzMdS9P0-00190-00110256-00110800 and it's like you gotta ask people what is success to you yeah what is happiness to you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00191-00110800-00111368 what is peace to you what are you comparing it to exactly and it's oh my gosh it's so crazy because
yL9vzMdS9P0-00192-00111368-00111992 literally i was reading this book i'm always reading books and it said um comparison is the
yL9vzMdS9P0-00193-00111992-00112648 thief of joy and when you start i think i know i heard that the other you've seen that i think that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00194-00112648-00113576 uh you see what's the word for sound for hearing heard i verbally saw it understood so you imagined
yL9vzMdS9P0-00195-00113576-00114216 it when you heard it yeah continue um but yeah when when you say comparison is the thief of joy
yL9vzMdS9P0-00196-00114311-00114808 whatever like you can compare yourself to people you compare yourself to things that you will never
yL9vzMdS9P0-00197-00114808-00115440 have you compare yourself to your loved ones but they aren't you you compare yourself to a
yL9vzMdS9P0-00198-00115440-00115856 life that is similar to yours but as that is not your life because there are people
yL9vzMdS9P0-00199-00115856-00116328 that's doing what i do there are people that's doing what you do but it's not the same yeah
yL9vzMdS9P0-00200-00116328-00116920 because it's not you in that environment it's not you feeling those things and um that that sentence
yL9vzMdS9P0-00201-00116920-00117448 that phrase it it holds truth so much truth because it like you said you know that's not you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00202-00117520-00118232 and there the the other thing is it's not only because i guess for for people that to take both
yL9vzMdS9P0-00203-00118232-00118735 sides of that it's not only that you're not that person but they're not you either so they don't
yL9vzMdS9P0-00204-00118735-00119096 bring the value that you bring it's not just that you can't it's not just that you don't do
yL9vzMdS9P0-00205-00119096-00119648 what they do it's that they can't do what you do that's the other thing so it's not maybe like i'm
yL9vzMdS9P0-00206-00119648-00120135 doing this podcast right maybe i'm not gonna be probably not gonna be the greatest podcaster of
yL9vzMdS9P0-00207-00120135-00120624 all time but that's not my goal you know like i'm doing this to create a community-based discussion
yL9vzMdS9P0-00208-00120624-00121135 to celebrate everyday people you know beautiful but somebody else is doing a podcast they might be
yL9vzMdS9P0-00209-00121135-00121544 doing like a sports cat they might be doing like a sports podcast where they want to discuss what
yL9vzMdS9P0-00210-00121544-00121983 happened to lebron james last night they want to discuss who won the world series or whatever and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00211-00121983-00122496 they kind of want their podcast to become maybe an official sports show you know they want their
yL9vzMdS9P0-00212-00122496-00123096 purpose is to become a show that discusses sports in a podcast on a podcast platform so
yL9vzMdS9P0-00213-00123096-00123544 the the difference the point that i'm trying to make is that you have to understand where you're
yL9vzMdS9P0-00214-00123544-00124200 trying to go you know because if you want to be an actor you don't look at dwayne johnson you're like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00215-00124200-00124664 i want to be doing johnson no you look at dwayne johnson you're like oh i would kind of like how
yL9vzMdS9P0-00216-00124664-00125168 did he get there you know like his journey is kind of like this okay well i can do this but i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00217-00125168-00125816 can also do this you know if he talked to um this studio i can't talk to that studio but maybe i can
yL9vzMdS9P0-00218-00125816-00126344 apply what he did with them and do it here in my own way you know you got to find a way where
yL9vzMdS9P0-00219-00126344-00126816 yes obviously you look up to people you have role models but you have to filter use yourself
yL9vzMdS9P0-00220-00126816-00127320 as a filter yeah apply it and do it in that way because otherwise you're just you're never gonna
yL9vzMdS9P0-00221-00127392-00127856 and it's it's amazing that you just said that word um well it's two words role model
yL9vzMdS9P0-00222-00127856-00128432 um it's crazy because when i was growing up especially like in high school and stuff i don't
yL9vzMdS9P0-00223-00128432-00128952 want to say that i didn't have role models but i didn't really have role models but now i'm at
yL9vzMdS9P0-00224-00128952-00129464 a point in my life where i am a role model to some people yeah and it's like whoa we missed the stage
yL9vzMdS9P0-00225-00129592-00130048 we missed the stuff how did we get to this point yeah um because it's like how do people look to
yL9vzMdS9P0-00226-00130048-00130792 me when i didn't have anyone to look to like how and it's frustrating because that's the separation
yL9vzMdS9P0-00227-00130792-00131272 especially like i said i will always bring it uh back around to being an artist because one
yL9vzMdS9P0-00228-00131272-00131936 art comes in many forms yeah um as an artist what we imagine and what we create is two
yL9vzMdS9P0-00229-00131936-00132392 different things but add the third thing what people see that's all that's a whole different
yL9vzMdS9P0-00230-00132392-00133032 thing and it's just great like that everything in between you can just think about it life and death
yL9vzMdS9P0-00231-00133032-00133536 there's so much more in between yeah because there are people that's out here living and then there's
yL9vzMdS9P0-00232-00133536-00134584 people out here existing they're still alive mars all right say it one more time say one more time
yL9vzMdS9P0-00233-00134696-00135240 let me let me clear the phalanges wait philandi's our fingers let me let me clear the vocal vocal
yL9vzMdS9P0-00234-00135240-00135936 cords there's people who believe that they are just dead tired exhausted feeling like what is the
yL9vzMdS9P0-00235-00135936-00136440 point anymore yeah so many meanings and there's so much value in every single thing and when
yL9vzMdS9P0-00236-00136440-00137064 you try to take value away from one thing to try and put into the other it doesn't work it's it's
yL9vzMdS9P0-00237-00137064-00137800 polar opposites yeah so it's just circumstances in life that people have to definitely start taking
yL9vzMdS9P0-00238-00137800-00138512 seriously yeah uh to understand and to your point it's not just taking things seriously
yL9vzMdS9P0-00239-00138512-00139176 but it's also being more open-minded and this doesn't just mean to new ideas but be open-minded
yL9vzMdS9P0-00240-00139176-00139720 about yourself as well right you know it's kind of a lot of people are frustrated they're
yL9vzMdS9P0-00241-00139720-00140208 or they're walking around kind of depressed not clinically you know that's a different situation
yL9vzMdS9P0-00242-00140208-00140792 but people that are down in the dumps feeling down on themselves as we all do yeah they're they're
yL9vzMdS9P0-00243-00140792-00141216 some sometimes it's because they're they're being so close-minded about their situation
yL9vzMdS9P0-00244-00141216-00141640 you know you could have lost a job a lot of people lost their jobs during this pandemic and some
yL9vzMdS9P0-00245-00141640-00142168 people took that and they're like wow and i got so much time to work on this podcast or now i got so
yL9vzMdS9P0-00246-00142168-00142792 much time to work on my art and then other people were like ah man i lost my job how am i gonna pay
yL9vzMdS9P0-00247-00142792-00143184 the bills i'm gonna do this in the third it's not that you don't worry about those things but
yL9vzMdS9P0-00248-00143240-00143712 you just being upset about that thing is not gonna help you progress forward at all you know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00249-00143712-00144088 now it's like oh wow like i was finding a way to i was trying to find a way to leave that job
yL9vzMdS9P0-00250-00144088-00144544 now i go i can go get the job that i actually want i can start looking for something new that i want
yL9vzMdS9P0-00251-00144544-00145208 to pursue so being open-minded isn't necessarily new ideas but it's ideas maybe that you didn't
yL9vzMdS9P0-00252-00145208-00145712 think about in a certain way you know what i'm saying oh that was a gas that was good i fumbled
yL9vzMdS9P0-00253-00145872-00146376 but it's crazy because like being open-minded this is why i encourage everyone to learn mindfulness
yL9vzMdS9P0-00254-00146440-00147136 because uh no now sunny let me ask you this what do you think and there's no wrong answers so
yL9vzMdS9P0-00255-00147136-00147736 don't feel like you're in jeopardy your time right now but what is the healthiest emotion
yL9vzMdS9P0-00256-00147984-00148408 and i think we talked about this before i'm not sure but what do you think is the healthiest
yL9vzMdS9P0-00257-00148408-00148952 emotion i don't know if this counts but i would say curiosity okay how come were you expecting
yL9vzMdS9P0-00258-00148952-00149440 me to say happiness no because i've literally heard it all i've heard sadness anger happiness
yL9vzMdS9P0-00259-00149440-00149952 blah blah blah curiosity i say curiosity because curiosity might have killed the cat
yL9vzMdS9P0-00260-00149952-00150480 i was literally about to say i was literally about to say well the cat died so i don't know about
yL9vzMdS9P0-00261-00150480-00151104 that one but um guess what i got eight more lives exactly he got eight more lives to be curious
yL9vzMdS9P0-00262-00151264-00151888 but uh no but seriously uh curiosity i feel like will get you um it would just get you places
yL9vzMdS9P0-00263-00151888-00152528 because as personally i've always been obsessed with learning not just school but learning
yL9vzMdS9P0-00264-00152528-00152920 learning life learning new things learning new ways to think about things my favorite in the
yL9vzMdS9P0-00265-00152920-00153584 bible my favorite um character was solomon because you know god i i probably mentioned this before
yL9vzMdS9P0-00266-00153584-00154208 um in the in the bible god was like yo what do you want you know like i'll give you anything you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00267-00154208-00154744 want to reign over this kingdom and give me the smarts just just ask ask for anything he's like yo
yL9vzMdS9P0-00268-00154832-00155480 give me that knowledge give me that wisdom yeah give me give me them articles and um and when i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00269-00155480-00155888 read that i was like why would you do that you know that p that piqued my curiosity as a kid
yL9vzMdS9P0-00270-00155888-00156256 immediately because i know why why do you want to know so much what's so cool about being smart
yL9vzMdS9P0-00271-00156320-00157104 you know like no no king no no like great human being ever was smart when i was a kid i didn't
yL9vzMdS9P0-00272-00157104-00157560 like everyone was ready yeah you don't hear about warriors choosing to be knowledgeable
yL9vzMdS9P0-00273-00157560-00157960 yeah you know being knowledgeable didn't really seem all that useful as a kid
yL9vzMdS9P0-00274-00157960-00158584 and then i read about you know he got he became he created this great kingdom but the thing was that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00275-00158584-00159096 he what it was was the wisdom the wisdom is what hooked me when i finally understood the difference
yL9vzMdS9P0-00276-00159096-00159792 between knowledge and wisdom knowledge is the i would say knowledge is if we're gonna oh like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00277-00159792-00160352 a car right knowledge is a fuel and wisdom is a steering wheel so you can have a bunch of gas you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00278-00160352-00160832 can have a bunch of you can have a bunch of weight but if you can have knowledge but if you can't
yL9vzMdS9P0-00279-00161040-00161496 if you don't know where to direct that knowledge or how to direct that knowledge it's not really
yL9vzMdS9P0-00280-00161496-00162064 going to be very useful so when i say curiosity is the healthiest is because when you want to
yL9vzMdS9P0-00281-00162064-00162728 learn something then you know more and now you can create you can make more informed decisions
yL9vzMdS9P0-00282-00162728-00163256 and usually a more informed decision is a better decision whether it's and this all depends on the
yL9vzMdS9P0-00283-00163256-00163824 person their intentions and whatnot but for the most part they're very intelligent people they're
yL9vzMdS9P0-00284-00163824-00164440 not like most very intelligent people are not bad people because they know better you know just
yL9vzMdS9P0-00285-00164440-00164976 knowing more about life makes you a better person in general obviously we have intellectual people
yL9vzMdS9P0-00286-00164976-00165592 that are had terrible intentions you know during you know world war ii and a lot of a lot of a lot
yL9vzMdS9P0-00287-00165592-00166168 of wars were started by intelligent people yeah they were smart in the brain but when i'm talking
yL9vzMdS9P0-00288-00166168-00166624 when you get to that next level where you're like you know war is dumb you know why are we we're
yL9vzMdS9P0-00289-00166624-00167112 all living on this little planet in the middle of nowhere in space what why are we gonna spend
yL9vzMdS9P0-00290-00167112-00167600 all this time fighting each other because they want peace but they fight but they want to fight
yL9vzMdS9P0-00291-00167824-00168312 because they want peace what is what would you say is the healthiest emotion like what's your
yL9vzMdS9P0-00292-00168312-00168968 um what's your take on that from talking to many people from um trying to understand them and see
yL9vzMdS9P0-00293-00168968-00169616 the world through their eyes and walk a mile in their shoes definitely the healthiest emotion
yL9vzMdS9P0-00294-00169736-00170632 is gratitude dang it's taking that's fire it's taking what we have and turning it into
yL9vzMdS9P0-00295-00170632-00171344 enough because positive or negative there's many people out there that are in negative situations
yL9vzMdS9P0-00296-00171344-00171712 but if you're negative about that situation what are you going to receive more negativity
yL9vzMdS9P0-00297-00171712-00172080 now if you're positive about this situation it's not going to help anything if you're in a negative
yL9vzMdS9P0-00298-00172080-00172712 situation but it balances yeah because it's taking what you have into and turning it into enough
yL9vzMdS9P0-00299-00172712-00173080 because so many people out there want to be angry at the world
yL9vzMdS9P0-00300-00173176-00173872 but they don't have a reason they think their reason is the why they are alive because it's like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00301-00173872-00174296 oh my gosh i'm just working i'm just going to school yeah there's people so many people that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00302-00174296-00174864 get out of college and they don't use the degree and then they're upset they're like why don't i go
yL9vzMdS9P0-00303-00174864-00175448 to college you gotta waste all that time yeah but when we take a moment to assess what we have even
yL9vzMdS9P0-00304-00175448-00176080 if it's not everything but we ever want it before i go on it's crazy because i'm gonna use myself
yL9vzMdS9P0-00305-00176080-00176784 isn't it as an example who else can you use when i was younger i wanted everything that i have now
yL9vzMdS9P0-00306-00176920-00177480 but now that i'm in this position hey blessed all right here say that one more time when i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00307-00177480-00178048 was younger i wanted everything that i have now but now that i'm in this spot
yL9vzMdS9P0-00308-00178152-00178984 subconsciously and blindly i want more and i know that when i get to that moment where i have the
yL9vzMdS9P0-00309-00178984-00179440 more things that i wanted i'm gonna look back and be like wow why didn't i focus on the things that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00310-00179440-00180224 i wanted that i had prayed for yeah it was like no we miss we miss um the things that we have
yL9vzMdS9P0-00311-00180224-00180760 for everything that we ever wanted yes and this is like wait wait say it again because that's that's
yL9vzMdS9P0-00312-00180760-00181176 powerful don't just slide past my phone don't just slide past that i thought i could to slide
yL9vzMdS9P0-00313-00181232-00181976 right past it we miss everything that we have for everything that we want ever wanted and it's like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00314-00182088-00182704 stop and smell the roses yeah enjoy watching joints but if you got allergies like myself
yL9vzMdS9P0-00315-00182880-00183360 don't stop this smelling because it ain't gonna be a good time been a drill but it's but it's
yL9vzMdS9P0-00316-00183360-00183832 gonna knock you it's gonna knock you out though let's go knock you out yeah you ever bro i used
yL9vzMdS9P0-00317-00183832-00184368 to this is going to make me sound bad but i used to take benadryl before school so i could sleep in
yL9vzMdS9P0-00318-00184664-00185368 well well got great grades did he was a great student very studious yeah very studious i was
yL9vzMdS9P0-00319-00185368-00186136 a studious student but um yeah once that food hits bro yeah oh yeah breakfast muffins oh oh
yL9vzMdS9P0-00320-00186136-00186520 my goodness yeah they got rid of the chocolate chip oh no remember when they did the whole grains
yL9vzMdS9P0-00321-00186608-00187000 bro you don't get them you don't get a whole you don't get off if you want a muffin
yL9vzMdS9P0-00322-00187000-00187584 you don't want chocolate chocolate chip chocolate chips chocolate chip buffalo come on
yL9vzMdS9P0-00323-00187664-00188032 yeah did we meet through i feel like we knew each other before improv we knew
yL9vzMdS9P0-00324-00188032-00188416 each other before improv but that's where a relationship didn't really you know blossom
yL9vzMdS9P0-00325-00188416-00188936 like a flower don't go sniffing them they didn't really blossom didn't really remember lucky coco
yL9vzMdS9P0-00326-00188936-00189544 yo lucky coco it's still up on the board bro still up on the board it was like the burgundy burgundy
yL9vzMdS9P0-00327-00189688-00190104 i thought it was the brother it was burgundy it was the the car scene thing so
yL9vzMdS9P0-00328-00190104-00190512 um will and i were an improv together at central york high school shout out mr hodge
yL9vzMdS9P0-00329-00190512-00191184 um that really actually helped me connect with my my actual self right because you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00330-00191184-00191640 even in middle school you kind of start creating this persona so that you could survive socially
yL9vzMdS9P0-00331-00191640-00192016 and then you get to high school and it's just like times a thousand because you know it's totally
yL9vzMdS9P0-00332-00192016-00192568 nice right now you got three grades ahead of you right that you're trying to be cool with and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00333-00192568-00192936 when you get to improv none of that matters because not only are all four grades in there but
yL9vzMdS9P0-00334-00192992-00193600 the whole point of it is to be yourself and that's why it's a huge shout out to uh mr hajj bin hajj
yL9vzMdS9P0-00335-00193600-00194296 um if you see this man you are a blessing to the lives of the youth man yeah um for sure he taught
yL9vzMdS9P0-00336-00194296-00195096 us vulnerability and i will forever use that he taught us realness oh he's out of stillness
yL9vzMdS9P0-00337-00195352-00196144 yeah like i like literally it was so amazing to just be in that class because every day
yL9vzMdS9P0-00338-00196144-00196960 people look forward to that class yes like after math and gym and all these other earth sciences
yL9vzMdS9P0-00339-00197144-00197376 who wants to know that stuff man we want to know about geologists
yL9vzMdS9P0-00340-00197472-00197856 everybody wonder about that yeah shout out to my geologists out there yeah facts you guys
yL9vzMdS9P0-00341-00197856-00198512 are needed but um nah that class was real yeah class was really real get real really real get
yL9vzMdS9P0-00342-00198512-00199304 real was lit get real yeah yeah get real uh also um speaking of get real since we're on the topic
yL9vzMdS9P0-00343-00199600-00200000 that's the that's the bullying thing that's the bro that's the bullying thing full circle and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00344-00200064-00200696 but the thing about um i guess going back to the bullying before you continue on your improv story
yL9vzMdS9P0-00345-00200696-00201320 um things that get real are are good things because what is it's not telling you to
yL9vzMdS9P0-00346-00201320-00201904 stop bullying people it's teaching you why you shouldn't treat people in a certain way you know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00347-00201904-00202520 there's a whole video of the the racial profiling with the in the convenience store and a lot of
yL9vzMdS9P0-00348-00202520-00202864 people were kind of confused at first but once you see the end of the video you're like oh dang like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00349-00202864-00203400 that's that was i was literally on the side of the the clerk you know like that was me or other
yL9vzMdS9P0-00350-00203400-00203776 people on the opposite side were like yo that's me in a store bro like that's that's literally how
yL9vzMdS9P0-00351-00203776-00204584 it is for me and um it was just kind of this one day which i wish it was more consistent
yL9vzMdS9P0-00352-00204584-00205071 i don't know how it is now but it was just one day where you got to be real they do it on zoom
yL9vzMdS9P0-00353-00205071-00205712 uh i'm pretty sure yeah but we have two it was one day where you got to be real with strangers like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00354-00205712-00206152 some people you knew but a lot of times if you were a freshman or a leader and do you remember
yL9vzMdS9P0-00355-00206152-00206680 being a leader yeah yeah we made a family like with those kids yeah and it was so i mean i'm one
yL9vzMdS9P0-00356-00206680-00207328 of my best friends that get real yeah it's crazy like moments like that and experiences like that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00357-00207328-00207776 you can never take for granted because it will always stick with you yes and that's like the
yL9vzMdS9P0-00358-00207776-00208432 that's way different than just the war on bullying because now you're you're just kind of punishing
yL9vzMdS9P0-00359-00208432-00208856 people for bullying but you don't know why they're like they have a a lot of times somebody that's
yL9vzMdS9P0-00360-00208856-00209232 bullying somebody else has a situation going on and that's that's not what we're solving
yL9vzMdS9P0-00361-00209232-00209592 we're solving we're trying to help this kid who's getting bullied which is you know by putting
yL9vzMdS9P0-00362-00209592-00210008 another person and like punishing the other but now the other person is in an even worse situation
yL9vzMdS9P0-00363-00210008-00210512 than they probably were bef before they you know got got into bullying and like i say that like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00364-00210512-00211288 it's criminal activity but go to jail but we hey that gets reflected when we get older that gets
yL9vzMdS9P0-00365-00211288-00211936 expanded into the real world and now they might turn to some sort of criminal activity and we put
yL9vzMdS9P0-00366-00211936-00212471 them in jail jail is not rehab joe is not teaching you anything but how to be better at being
yL9vzMdS9P0-00367-00212471-00213184 not great no they they're literally putting you in a place um where you you just don't
yL9vzMdS9P0-00368-00213184-00213784 have no room to grow yeah like they're trying to reform you in a way where you can act act better
yL9vzMdS9P0-00369-00213784-00214304 yeah that's it exactly so they're making you better at being a criminal essentially and um
yL9vzMdS9P0-00370-00214360-00214767 you know some people's lives do change out of jail but that's not really the that's not their goal
yL9vzMdS9P0-00371-00214767-00215232 their goal is just to put and then you know they put the pressure on them there's a whole until
yL9vzMdS9P0-00372-00215232-00215648 they want to bring discussion we can have about that but going back to the bullying it doesn't fix
yL9vzMdS9P0-00373-00215648-00216552 it to just punish the i guess the um the initiator of the bullying and again going back to improv so
yL9vzMdS9P0-00374-00216552-00217136 you can continue your story i think that it was kind of impossible in that situation to to bully
yL9vzMdS9P0-00375-00217136-00217544 someone or to mistreat each other like sure we're high schoolers we're going to be draft we're going
yL9vzMdS9P0-00376-00217544-00218160 to have drama we have feelings and stuff but there was no one that really liked nobody really came at
yL9vzMdS9P0-00377-00218160-00218552 you you know you didn't ever want to come out to anybody because you got we got to know each other
yL9vzMdS9P0-00378-00218552-00219040 exactly we got to know each other's story we got to kind of unintentionally learn each other
yL9vzMdS9P0-00379-00219040-00219656 psychologically so we made sure that that just kind of as naturally empathetic people you know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00380-00219656-00220336 humans we were built for that we kind of like once you get to know someone it's hard to to be mean to
yL9vzMdS9P0-00381-00220336-00220856 them to put it into because you finally understand what they see what they go through what they think
yL9vzMdS9P0-00382-00220944-00221608 and like i don't know if this happened in your class but um definitely um this is probably
yL9vzMdS9P0-00383-00221608-00222119 like acting one or two but hodge set two people in front of each other and he just told us to
yL9vzMdS9P0-00384-00222119-00222823 sit there and feel and it was able to like just was that theater arts i i don't know i think so
yL9vzMdS9P0-00385-00222912-00223384 um but it was just us sitting there looking at each other and it was so great because we
yL9vzMdS9P0-00386-00223384-00223760 got the chance to hold space with another person yeah you know as high school as we joked around
yL9vzMdS9P0-00387-00223760-00224376 and laughed and stuff but after a while it started to feel real good and it was like wow
yL9vzMdS9P0-00388-00224504-00224848 and some people they started crying out of nowhere then other person started crying is like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00389-00224912-00225752 hey yeah like whoa but yeah man like improv like i definitely i definitely miss that and i thank god
yL9vzMdS9P0-00390-00225752-00226408 that we were able to meet through that yeah because uh but senior year sandy left me yeah
yL9vzMdS9P0-00391-00226408-00226952 i do that's probably there's a lot of things i mean i'm the person i am today because the
yL9vzMdS9P0-00392-00226952-00227536 decisions i made but i do think that if i were to use the word regret two things that i regret
yL9vzMdS9P0-00393-00227536-00228160 is not doing improv senior year that would have you know that was one of my biggest mistakes and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00394-00228160-00228576 not playing football senior year and not because not just because i love the sport
yL9vzMdS9P0-00395-00228576-00229080 and i love improv but it's because those were those are communities that i built
yL9vzMdS9P0-00396-00229080-00229784 over three years oh my goodness football sandy was an og just just like me yeah we were the founders
yL9vzMdS9P0-00397-00230167-00231223 um we kind of how should i say i just i made myself busier than i actually was you know i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00398-00231223-00231632 i was trying to get more serious about baseball so that i could go to college
yL9vzMdS9P0-00399-00231632-00232271 and i was trying to just finish out the school year strong grade wise but i really did have
yL9vzMdS9P0-00400-00232271-00232832 the same amount of time it was just mentally i had blocked myself out i was being close-minded
yL9vzMdS9P0-00401-00232832-00233216 i had blocked myself out from the possibility of even doing those things because it's different if
yL9vzMdS9P0-00402-00233216-00233560 i would have tried like if i would have tried to play football and do improv and do all that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00403-00233560-00233912 at the same time and then i could be like nah i can't you know like i'm not i can't juggle
yL9vzMdS9P0-00404-00233912-00234504 it but i didn't even i was just like no i don't i don't got time you know and as a 17 year old
yL9vzMdS9P0-00405-00234560-00235112 kid at that time it's kind of you don't you don't realize the impact because for me i was just like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00406-00235112-00235728 uh for me improv was about me you know that when i made that decision not when i was doing it but in
yL9vzMdS9P0-00407-00235728-00236119 that decision i was like ah i can't do this right but then i didn't think about the other thing was
yL9vzMdS9P0-00408-00236119-00236688 our team had kind of split up so i was that was yeah the situation like a big reason was because
yL9vzMdS9P0-00409-00236688-00237152 it was like two of us left or three of us in it and then we were gonna probably get
yL9vzMdS9P0-00410-00237152-00237784 split up into these other teams but um that decision was me being like you know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00411-00237784-00238167 i don't got time for this you know they got they're chilling they got a bunch of people
yL9vzMdS9P0-00412-00238167-00238696 but then i didn't think about you know i'm leaving these people they're not i'm not going to be there
yL9vzMdS9P0-00413-00238696-00239200 and influence what i could have influenced because there was a lot of new people coming in as well i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00414-00239200-00239688 couldn't have helped yeah you know i didn't give myself the opportunity to help or you know help
yL9vzMdS9P0-00415-00239688-00240304 hide bring these new kids and help you guys lead these kids into doing what we do and uh and then
yL9vzMdS9P0-00416-00240304-00240808 with football it was literally like those were my bullies since some some of them since like fifth
yL9vzMdS9P0-00417-00240808-00241392 sixth grade that i that i've been playing with and again i was like oh i'm gonna do baseball
yL9vzMdS9P0-00418-00241392-00242152 you know i gotta focus on baseball and it was it was that kind of decision that in the moment
yL9vzMdS9P0-00419-00242152-00242719 was real quick and easy because all you had to do was nothing it's really easy to do nothing and um
yL9vzMdS9P0-00420-00242800-00243328 afterwards once i once i really got into college i was like wow i first as soon as i stepped into
yL9vzMdS9P0-00421-00243328-00243760 college i was like wow i really could have i could have enjoyed that a little more you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00422-00243760-00244408 know i could have helped a lot more i could have because again it was about me in the decision but
yL9vzMdS9P0-00423-00244408-00245048 afterwards i just thought about everyone that i let down right and now i guess that kind of helped
yL9vzMdS9P0-00424-00245048-00245440 help inspire me to create this podcast should i get to get some of that back a little bit
yL9vzMdS9P0-00425-00245504-00246112 but yeah i love you i love you man that was it was amazing thank you thank you for sharing
yL9vzMdS9P0-00426-00246112-00246632 that like their side with me because like i never really knew like your take on like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00427-00246632-00247136 why did you not do yeah improv because first off i just want to say that really hurt me because
yL9vzMdS9P0-00428-00247136-00247623 i looked at you bro i heard hodge too a lot i could tell he was really like he let me do it
yL9vzMdS9P0-00429-00247623-00248136 but i really that that man did a lot for me and i didn't i didn't pay the respects that he deserved
yL9vzMdS9P0-00430-00248208-00248664 and uh there's a lot of people that was hurt because it's like you you were you were glue bro
yL9vzMdS9P0-00431-00248719-00249623 you were glue no gorilla yeah man those memories they they definitely hold a nice warm spot in
yL9vzMdS9P0-00432-00249623-00250216 my heart and are the reason why i am who i am today yeah and i'm grateful for that that's why
yL9vzMdS9P0-00433-00250216-00250928 i am so blessed to have you in my life because you are my brother like we used to wake up at like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00434-00250928-00251560 five in the morning to go to the gym and shoot around and work out five in the morning balling up
yL9vzMdS9P0-00435-00251680-00252071 best on central's basketball team come on yeah come on yeah we didn't even we didn't even
yL9vzMdS9P0-00436-00252071-00252464 we was the best ballers that wasn't even on the team that didn't play i wasn't good at basketball
yL9vzMdS9P0-00437-00252544-00252880 but we'll we'll we'll actually play will can actually play basketball see me
yL9vzMdS9P0-00438-00252960-00253471 um i was more of the uh i was a gym class hero i went hard in gym class oh that's fine
yL9vzMdS9P0-00439-00253471-00253800 if jim class was a professional sport which i think it kind of is now
yL9vzMdS9P0-00440-00253800-00254184 but um because there's there's like those you know what i mean they have like these
yL9vzMdS9P0-00441-00254184-00254552 weird professional sports that we played in gym class yeah you know tag as a professional yes
yL9vzMdS9P0-00442-00254552-00254880 that's what i'm talking about something like that dodgeball you know all these things that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00443-00254880-00255367 were kind of like look like gym class kid games i was so good at them you know like just randomly
yL9vzMdS9P0-00444-00255423-00255871 that's right it was like a weird skill set you know it just all it was was a lot of effort it
yL9vzMdS9P0-00445-00255871-00256360 was like yo you see me in gym yeah yeah i always wish that the gym had a camera and then like so
yL9vzMdS9P0-00446-00256360-00256944 i could make my little highlight tape submit it espn yeah i can't use those skills anyway
yL9vzMdS9P0-00447-00257088-00257856 but um like when i think about kind of our journey just as our our friendship i think it really helps
yL9vzMdS9P0-00448-00257856-00258128 come to this situation where we're now we're living in
yL9vzMdS9P0-00449-00258192-00258952 almost the same world we're doing different tasks in two different worlds for a similar reason so
yL9vzMdS9P0-00450-00258952-00259616 the way that we have come in in our lives honestly if i'm gonna be honest with you the way i see it
yL9vzMdS9P0-00451-00259616-00260336 is that you are personality wise you are me with a lot less privilege which is another reason why
yL9vzMdS9P0-00452-00260336-00260960 i respect you so much because i like honestly i wasn't privileged in my own circle as far as the
yL9vzMdS9P0-00453-00260960-00261584 people that i knew and grew up with but when i met you i was like wow like like i really could
yL9vzMdS9P0-00454-00261584-00262000 be doing more out here you know like will's in this situation and he's getting this he's getting
yL9vzMdS9P0-00455-00262000-00262456 [ __ ] done you know he's he's happy all the time he was he was in a better mood than me all
yL9vzMdS9P0-00456-00262456-00263088 the time and and it was just kind of like i felt attracted to that energy you know i was like man
yL9vzMdS9P0-00457-00263192-00263688 i not only could i be doing more but let me let me see where this man is going you know let me
yL9vzMdS9P0-00458-00263688-00264208 see what this man is gonna do because there's no reason that he should be this energetic there's no
yL9vzMdS9P0-00459-00264208-00264824 reason that he should be striving for so much and then when i started to realize the similarities
yL9vzMdS9P0-00460-00264824-00265560 it just made me realize even more like wow i could be doing more as well yeah i could be i could be
yL9vzMdS9P0-00461-00265704-00266248 taking advantage of the opportunities that i thought weren't either weren't for me or that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00462-00266248-00266856 i thought i didn't need to take advantage of right so yeah man like you're you're another reason that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00463-00266856-00267344 this podcast even exists so i definitely had to have you on here hey well like i said man like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00464-00267344-00268056 it always come back to me being grateful man like i cannot express that enough because like you you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00465-00268056-00268552 i bro you're my brother like we have gone through so much together we have done so much together
yL9vzMdS9P0-00466-00268552-00269096 like literally when i see us when i think of us we are leaders thinking about how many times we
yL9vzMdS9P0-00467-00269096-00269600 went to the me think how many times we went to the middle school and talked to those kids think about
yL9vzMdS9P0-00468-00269600-00270128 those trips that they invited us on yeah to mentor their school boys yes and this is like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00469-00270200-00270680 bro how did our relationship get so good that we were able to experience things together the same
yL9vzMdS9P0-00470-00270680-00271200 kind of greatness yeah it's beautiful yeah well then i knew that played football yeah you know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00471-00271200-00271720 you remember him yeah uh they they were in the high school because when i was coaching i didn't
yL9vzMdS9P0-00472-00271720-00272216 get to coach them in football because they were already older but just seeing them grown up even
yL9vzMdS9P0-00473-00272216-00272616 though i you know it was just that one instance and they still like talk to me they're like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00474-00272616-00273184 yo sandy you know like and i was like wow we really and then i think about when i was a kid
yL9vzMdS9P0-00475-00273256-00273744 like i would meet a dude for five minutes and i would remember him for i still remember some
yL9vzMdS9P0-00476-00273744-00274264 people that i met from that time all right this is such a blessing uh because literally today
yL9vzMdS9P0-00477-00274264-00274976 literally today uh i woke up and i went out to eat at um this breakfast spot and this kid
yL9vzMdS9P0-00478-00274976-00275448 he kept looking over at me and i was with the georgie and he noticed he noticed that the kid
yL9vzMdS9P0-00479-00275448-00276032 was looking at me yeah and he was like well that kid keeps looking at you the kid comes over um
yL9vzMdS9P0-00480-00276032-00276800 the kid he came over and he was like hey man i must have this wrong but um did you by chance
yL9vzMdS9P0-00481-00276800-00277480 speak in front of a group of kids uh at central york high school and i'm like yeah and he was
yL9vzMdS9P0-00482-00277480-00277984 like in mr harness class shout out miss turner mrs turner shout out miss turner no i'm a great
yL9vzMdS9P0-00483-00277984-00278808 teacher he was like is your name will johnson i'm like yes he was like brother i just wanna say um
yL9vzMdS9P0-00484-00278808-00279440 how thankful i am for your words you spoke to us years ago when i was like a little kid yeah and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00485-00279560-00280008 him and his dad have a better relationship now because of the words i spoke that's crazy
yL9vzMdS9P0-00486-00280008-00280392 and because they were arguing stuff yeah and um i'm not gonna say his name cause i'm not putting
yL9vzMdS9P0-00487-00280392-00280880 out his business um but shout out to you man you really touched my heart today and i cannot
yL9vzMdS9P0-00488-00280880-00281632 do those today yes bro wow literally today this morning i i was like georgie said that's
yL9vzMdS9P0-00489-00281632-00282272 just that's the type of stuff you see in movies yeah yeah and i'm like i was i was literally so
yL9vzMdS9P0-00490-00282504-00282808 i was speechless yeah because i'm like how are things like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00491-00282880-00283400 from years ago catching up to me now yeah it's a bless the the best compensation that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00492-00283400-00283824 you could really receive from putting things out there the first year i coached football
yL9vzMdS9P0-00493-00283904-00284384 there was this kid on the team that i got really close to and you know he really
yL9vzMdS9P0-00494-00284440-00284840 he really he came to me all the time for for help and for you know coach how should i do this how
yL9vzMdS9P0-00495-00284840-00285336 can i get better at this and of course you build that relationship but we only had it for a year
yL9vzMdS9P0-00496-00285392-00285768 so you don't really get you don't want to get too crazy attached because they're going to be gone in
yL9vzMdS9P0-00497-00285768-00286368 a season and next year he was an eighth grader so he came back and he was like coach you know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00498-00286368-00286936 what's what's good and why can i do this when can i do that how should i get better at this and that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00499-00286936-00287408 just kind of like it made me stop i was like wow this kid is really being serious about you know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00500-00287408-00287800 having this relationship with me like he's really looking not only is he looking to get better but
yL9vzMdS9P0-00501-00287800-00288280 he's looking to me like i have a responsibility to provide the right guidance i can't just tell
yL9vzMdS9P0-00502-00288280-00288672 him how i feel right i can't just tell him how i think he should do things i got to get
yL9vzMdS9P0-00503-00288672-00289192 him real real stuff i gotta i started researching things i started looking up you know the real way
yL9vzMdS9P0-00504-00289248-00289816 real workouts um obviously i gave him my own tips of what made me better but i'm not you know i like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00505-00289816-00290312 i didn't i'm not an nfl player i didn't really go anywhere with football but i was able to kind of
yL9vzMdS9P0-00506-00290312-00290936 give him real advice with that was backed up by people who were actually successful in what he's
yL9vzMdS9P0-00507-00290936-00291704 trying to do and the thing is like you like you had an impact on him yeah and he felt that yeah
yL9vzMdS9P0-00508-00291704-00292344 and like it's it's a beautiful thing when you're able to have an impact on somebody and they can
yL9vzMdS9P0-00509-00292344-00292984 come to you because they trust you yeah trust is a heavy thing too expensive that's expensive
yL9vzMdS9P0-00510-00292984-00293528 definitely is and another thing you don't get no refund on time no so you'll get a refund on trust
yL9vzMdS9P0-00511-00293528-00294280 either at all at all and sometimes it's hard to make that trust back up if it if you go bankrupt
yL9vzMdS9P0-00512-00294400-00294784 but if you if you if you spend that check it's hard to make that money back
yL9vzMdS9P0-00513-00294784-00295104 it's hard yay and then sometimes you gotta wait for that stimulator hit this thing
yL9vzMdS9P0-00514-00295272-00295696 sometimes you do get us to me yeah oh one thing i didn't want to hit on uh since we were kind
yL9vzMdS9P0-00515-00295696-00296344 of getting there time wise what was that um you spoke at that that rally you did a spoken word
yL9vzMdS9P0-00516-00296344-00296792 at the black lives matter rally here in york uh well i'm in new york by the way right now
yL9vzMdS9P0-00517-00297072-00297736 about that but uh yeah so what what was that situation like you know what was the obviously the
yL9vzMdS9P0-00518-00297736-00298328 the everything that was going on is what inspired you to do that but what led up to you being up
yL9vzMdS9P0-00519-00298328-00298960 there in front of all those people so um as like i said as an artist like you just get blessed with
yL9vzMdS9P0-00520-00298960-00299584 these wonderful opportunities um so i went to that protest and every speaker that was going first off
yL9vzMdS9P0-00521-00299584-00300376 shout out to the two girls um arlette and zappora uh you guys are amazing yeah literally these
yL9vzMdS9P0-00522-00300376-00301256 young wonderful queens are literally the future amazing what they did but um they set it up and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00523-00301256-00301712 while i was there every speaker that was going up i was just getting more and more in tune and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00524-00301712-00302328 just moved and my emotions were just high and running crazy and then i asked him i was like
yL9vzMdS9P0-00525-00302424-00303208 please let me go up and speak to my people and it was it was powerful because throughout the
yL9vzMdS9P0-00526-00303208-00303680 entire event like so many people were touching hearts but when i went up there it was different
yL9vzMdS9P0-00527-00303736-00304400 like the whole vibe switch everyone was quiet bro yeah everyone was i i didn't get a chance to be
yL9vzMdS9P0-00528-00304400-00304968 at the rally but everyone was dead silent wow and like they were encouraging me and
yL9vzMdS9P0-00529-00304968-00305536 when i got to the end um i did this thing i just got down on my knee and put my fist up yeah
yL9vzMdS9P0-00530-00305680-00306192 everyone got down on their knees yeah and then i stood up and i said and just like that
yL9vzMdS9P0-00531-00306192-00307128 my people will rise and yeah it was right yes yes that was beautiful it was uh i was homeless
yL9vzMdS9P0-00532-00307248-00307760 we choreographed that but yeah man that's that's crazy because i you know i was i was all the way
yL9vzMdS9P0-00533-00307760-00308256 in jersey i didn't even know your i your video is what made me realize that york was having
yL9vzMdS9P0-00534-00308256-00308840 rallies because you know you know how york is you know and i i saw that i saw all those heads
yL9vzMdS9P0-00535-00308904-00309608 it was over like i want to say 1200 people there bro but what it was literally like if you were
yL9vzMdS9P0-00536-00309608-00310240 from new york that is a a spectacular number yeah if you if you know the situation but um
yL9vzMdS9P0-00537-00310240-00310936 yeah especially in york express the situation when i saw your video and i saw you speaking up there i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00538-00310936-00311248 was at first because at first i just saw you at the podium i was like oh you know will's doing
yL9vzMdS9P0-00539-00311248-00311696 a spoken word at an event and then i saw the amount of people outside i was like yo this is
yL9vzMdS9P0-00540-00311696-00312152 definitely a rally because it was during all the black lives matter stuff and i was like this is
yL9vzMdS9P0-00541-00312152-00312672 definitely a rally and then i saw the location i'm like this man is in york this is happening in york
yL9vzMdS9P0-00542-00312736-00313240 yeah and i didn't mind i had no idea just to let you guys know like literally i live in florida i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00543-00313240-00313912 flew back just to speak to had that moment yeah because it was like this is a place where i grew
yL9vzMdS9P0-00544-00313912-00314376 up and that's why i'm so thankful for you santa because you constantly bring back why york is a
yL9vzMdS9P0-00545-00314376-00315024 place where i should feel good yeah i appreciate that it's like i i do not like york at all
yL9vzMdS9P0-00546-00315720-00316144 there are moments and there are experiences that will never be recreated
yL9vzMdS9P0-00547-00316144-00316792 anywhere else and i'm thankful for that yeah because those moments man like york
yL9vzMdS9P0-00548-00316912-00317512 york was a real one that yeah yeah and you're the thing again i love york but me and will
yL9vzMdS9P0-00549-00317512-00318000 have very similar i mean very distinct distinctly different situations growing
yL9vzMdS9P0-00550-00318000-00318768 up so he has a little bit more of a an experience with he has more reason to feel the way he does
yL9vzMdS9P0-00551-00318848-00319312 for me i just moved out my parents out of the house that i grew up in um i've
yL9vzMdS9P0-00552-00319312-00319592 been gone for a while but you know the houses they were there so the house was always there
yL9vzMdS9P0-00553-00319664-00320336 and unpacking everything seeing it empty being actually like leaving the house and being gone
yL9vzMdS9P0-00554-00320336-00320992 gone it was it was a surreal moment because you're sad you know you're it's a little bittersweet
yL9vzMdS9P0-00555-00320992-00321640 but when you actually close the door and we were driving away from one last time i was that was
yL9vzMdS9P0-00556-00321640-00322216 my childhood you know that's where i made all the memories that's where all the all the good things
yL9vzMdS9P0-00557-00322216-00322640 happen that's where all the bad things happen when i was somewhere else that's where i came back to
yL9vzMdS9P0-00558-00322728-00323256 when i wanted to go somewhere that's where i left from you know it was it was that it was
yL9vzMdS9P0-00559-00323256-00323864 that it was kind of the it was the headquarters of my childhood the headquarters of my life for
yL9vzMdS9P0-00560-00323864-00324704 15 16 years and it was part of the reason why york is so special to me because york is york
yL9vzMdS9P0-00561-00324704-00325352 is home no matter where i go i could i could live in brazil for the rest of my life i could go to
yL9vzMdS9P0-00562-00325352-00325696 i could live in cambodia for 20 years but at the end of the day
yL9vzMdS9P0-00563-00325696-00326312 it's not york you know this is this isn't where i learned school this isn't where i made my first
yL9vzMdS9P0-00564-00326312-00326904 friends not when i mean i was i got here when i was six i had a couple buddies in maryland but uh
yL9vzMdS9P0-00565-00326904-00327480 this is where i made real connections real friends this is where i i got into myself this is where i
yL9vzMdS9P0-00566-00327480-00327984 became myself you really planted your seed here yeah you know this is the the area that made me
yL9vzMdS9P0-00567-00327984-00328552 part of who i am and then i think about the little things you know i think about rudders
yL9vzMdS9P0-00568-00328552-00329264 i think about the the snow barn i think about the skating rink you know there's just so many
yL9vzMdS9P0-00569-00329336-00329672 memories and i think that's what it is you know it's the memories that really make york
yL9vzMdS9P0-00570-00329672-00330232 what it is to me but at the same time it's also the environment that helped create who
yL9vzMdS9P0-00571-00330232-00330880 i am i think um we're getting on that time but um come on now yeah i thought i wasn't gonna oh yeah
yL9vzMdS9P0-00572-00330880-00331464 yeah come on man you didn't think you didn't think peeps man you didn't y'all see it this is hey
yL9vzMdS9P0-00573-00331912-00332512 the spicy boy yeah you know they used to call me spicy black guy in high school why because
yL9vzMdS9P0-00574-00332512-00332896 everyone thought i was black until i spoke spanish i was like oh you're like a spicy black guy
yL9vzMdS9P0-00575-00332896-00333512 which is now that i look back at it it's probably a little racist but i love it but yeah um so this
yL9vzMdS9P0-00576-00333512-00334320 book i'm gonna let will explain the the details but this book right here is called finding me
yL9vzMdS9P0-00577-00334320-00334736 by will j and scott i don't know if y'all can see it well let me put that down though
yL9vzMdS9P0-00578-00334824-00335520 yeah yeah finding me and the cover art here he can explain the inspiration behind everything but
yL9vzMdS9P0-00579-00335520-00336120 i just want y'all to know that this book is real that's all i'm gonna say this book is a collection
yL9vzMdS9P0-00580-00336176-00337104 of real human thought real human emotions and it's on paper it's available on amazon this book is
yL9vzMdS9P0-00581-00337168-00337744 very accessible to you it'll get to you and is it on amazon prime sorry yeah yeah it'll get you in
yL9vzMdS9P0-00582-00337744-00338432 two days bro two days two days or sis if you're if you're a woman if you are a a strong independent
yL9vzMdS9P0-00583-00338432-00339088 woman definitely check this book out let will know what's what's good with it let me know what's good
yL9vzMdS9P0-00584-00339088-00339520 with it please please we'll tell people about always great you should you should be telling
yL9vzMdS9P0-00585-00339520-00340008 people you should be the one telling people about your book so yes the book is called finding me um
yL9vzMdS9P0-00586-00340008-00340616 the book is not necessarily about me but yes i am the author i am the artist the pain the raw
yL9vzMdS9P0-00587-00340616-00341400 emotion behind it um so the cover art is actually a heart with a puzzle piece missing because it's
yL9vzMdS9P0-00588-00341400-00341888 always a battle trying to understand what you feel and sometimes it feels like things are missing
yL9vzMdS9P0-00589-00341976-00342376 hence the puzzle piece uh and sometimes you know when you're doing like a thousand puzzle piece
yL9vzMdS9P0-00590-00342432-00342816 it's hard to find the right pieces that go together and when you try to stick
yL9vzMdS9P0-00591-00342816-00343184 pieces that don't go together but it look like it does it doesn't work out
yL9vzMdS9P0-00592-00343256-00343856 uh but i'll read uh the back of the book for you hopefully you can find truth between these lines
yL9vzMdS9P0-00593-00343920-00344248 hopefully you can find the answer to the question you had to keep asking
yL9vzMdS9P0-00594-00344320-00344752 somewhere between these lines you will find yourself don't mistake everything you've
yL9vzMdS9P0-00595-00344752-00345288 wanted for the things you've never got finding yourself will not be easy and it will not be hard
yL9vzMdS9P0-00596-00345360-00345760 i believe you found this book for a reason i believe you found me for a reason
yL9vzMdS9P0-00597-00345880-00346680 thank you so yes um if you would love to support me and to get this book the book is on amazon you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00598-00346680-00347392 can either reach out to me or sandy the link is in my bio um let me let me plug that real quick so my
yL9vzMdS9P0-00599-00347392-00348136 instagram is at king of clowns at king of clowns so if you'd like to follow me i appreciate it
yL9vzMdS9P0-00600-00348192-00348656 um but yes uh thank you so much king of clowns are spelled k
yL9vzMdS9P0-00601-00349392-00349800 another one i spelled that right i think i spelled that right you did all right yeah why why are you
yL9vzMdS9P0-00602-00349800-00350152 questioning how you spell i don't know i just yeah the way i broke it up kind of confused me
yL9vzMdS9P0-00603-00350528-00351200 thank you for hopping on to another episode of the sandbar with my boy will johnson look out for
yL9vzMdS9P0-00604-00351200-00351928 more content look out for his book look out for his spoken word for his his the products that he
yL9vzMdS9P0-00605-00351928-00352464 creates for you people all right check him out check his instagram i'll check the youtube out
yL9vzMdS9P0-00606-00352464-00353184 and um you know if you found something in this session interesting confusing
yL9vzMdS9P0-00607-00353184-00353680 riveting or you feel strongly about something that we said maybe you disagreed with something that we
yL9vzMdS9P0-00608-00353680-00354128 said or maybe you strongly agree with something that we said you know leave a comment let us know
yL9vzMdS9P0-00609-00354128-00354984 hit me up hit will up and i will be sure to uh address your participation accordingly
yL9vzMdS9P0-00610-00355288-00355448 thank you
yOeqjLQm44M-00000-00000254-00000344 hi, there welcome to NYC
yOeqjLQm44M-00001-00000344-00000444 I want to show you my city
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00000-00000500-00001000 The second order of the perturbation theory gϕ+ϕФ. The Mandelstam variables. Propagator of the scalar particle
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00001-00001000-00002000 We began that perturbation theory with simplest models with scalar particles,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00002-00002000-00004000 with interactions that look like this: at one point there are a pair of charged particles and one uncharged particle,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00003-00004000-00006000 and then, when we had got understanding of that, we gradually switched to more complex cases, when the charged particles were replaced with spinor ones, and the scalar particle was replaced with the photon, i.e. we proceeded to electrodynamics
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00004-00006000-00006600 Today we will deal with the second order
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00005-00008000-00010000 of the perturbation theory. Again, we start from the perturbation itself. The problem is that although the Standard Model has
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00006-00010000-00012000 no such interactions, this model is very good for working out the basic idea.  Our strategy will be the same as in the previous case: we'll analyze the second order on this model, and when we proceed to electrodynamics,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00007-00012000-00014000 there will be only ploys associated with due account of the spin of the particles, whereas the ideas will be already developed well. This is a pretty big topic, and it is good that today we have four hours, because we will be able to investigate into this subject in one sitting
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00008-00014000-00016000 Since this is a big topic, I would like to point out that there will be several subsections. In addition to a small introduction, we'll consider some definitions,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00009-00016000-00018000 which are new, simple, and convenient for talking of the scattering process. Here we'll meet the notion of the Mandelstam variables;
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00010-00018000-00020000 then we'll consider the scattering of charged particles on one another and then we'll come naturally to the problem of scalar particle propagator, after which we'll consider the rest processes,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00011-00020000-00022000 that are possible within this order in this science. Well, we begin with a brief introduction
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00012-00022000-00024000 The development operator is known; it is T-exponent with the interaction in the power,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00013-00024000-00026000 We even know how we should take into account this T-product: we should perform a series expansion and take a multiple integral with respect to different variables: dx_1, dx_2 .. dx_n
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00014-00026000-00028000 in the nth order; we should arrange these variables in the time order. In particular, in the second order, the expansion of the exponent will yield the following. Two integrals,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00015-00028000-00030000 of this sort. I’ve forgotten that the expansion of the exponential yields
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00016-00030000-00032000 this common factor (-i)^2 / 2!. Which processes can this operator describe?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00017-00032000-00034000 When we were talking about the first order, there was this operator, which corresponded to this one. All this was represented in the diagrams. In principle, all information on the interaction is in the operator, the explicit form of which is known,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00018-00034000-00036000 but it is very convenient  to use visual images, e.g. this can be interpreted so that the operator corresponds to the possibility of
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00019-00036000-00038000 antiparticle production or particle annihilation. The Hermitian conjugate operator corresponds to particle production or antiparticle annihilation. Finally, the scalar particle operator
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00020-00038000-00040000 corresponds to particle production or annihilation; we have no antiparticles here. Therefore, we could represent this in the diagram, where this line would correspond to particle annihilation, and this one to particle production. Directing the line backwards, we get the same for the antiparticle
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00021-00040000-00042000 We depicted the scalar with a dash line. Moreover, if we direct it this way, that will correspond to particle production; in the opposite direction, that will correspond to annihilation of the same particle. What corresponds to the operator, from this point of view?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00022-00042000-00044000 I'll draw a lot of different diagrams and you should get used to the fact that some things are depicted in the coordinate representation, as here for example. However, the momentum representation with the Feynman rules we already know is much more important for us
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00023-00044000-00046000 Once again I want to emphasize the idea that will always be invisibly present in the story. In fact, the only thing physicists have here is the computation scheme
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00024-00046000-00048000 However, this computation scheme is a basis for certain ideology, which boils down to qualitative and graphical interpretation of our findings. We get no new information. In fact, we get
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00025-00048000-00050000 first, images convenient for memorizing and, second, images convenient for talking of. Having written a Feynman diagram, we immediately get a mental image of the corresponding matrix element of the perturbation theory. Furthermore, there arises interpretation,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00026-00050000-00052000 which is unnecessary but very useful. It is gradually loaded at the back of mind and so we get an insight into subsequent calculations, completion of which is not necessary. So, let's see what such an operator can give
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00027-00052000-00054000 Here we have a pair of points, x and x', and the same operators at each point
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00028-00054000-00056000 Now these operators correspond to much more diverse opportunities. When we were talking of this apex, we proceeded to consideration of the possibility of various processes
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00029-00056000-00058000 E.g. if this was associated with particles by which we conventionally meant π^-, and that was associated with neutral particles, for simplicity we call them π^0, the masses of these particles being in no relation with each other,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00030-00058000-00060000 then here could be processes with π^- turning into π^-π^0 or vice versa, π^0 turning into π^-π^+. Such processes, which are accompanied by certain states of free particles in the beginning and in the end
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00031-00060000-00062000 Here we can use 6 particles, distributing them somehow in the beginning and in the end. And if we take states of 6 particles as the initial and final states,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00032-00062000-00064000 what will this be reduced to? This will be reduced to a set of two products of what was done before, and nothing interesting will be added. If we have 5 particles, generally speaking
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00033-00064000-00066000 with different momenta, and if we start, as before, liquidating the respective perturbation operators using the initial and final states,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00034-00066000-00068000 then we'll have one vacant operator, and its average value will give 0. So, this picture is uninteresting. Next is a situation with 4 particles. What is possible in this case? Then we can have
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00035-00068000-00070000 a picture of this sort, when some two particles come in and some two particles go out, and something occurs, which is determined by this operator. Two initial states, two final states and some development. What processes are possible here?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00036-00070000-00072000 Given that we have two charged particles and a neutral particle, the following processes are possible: scattering of a particle on another,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00037-00072000-00074000 scattering of a particle on an antiparticle, scattering of antiparticles, and of course
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00038-00074000-00076000 a process involving π^0, a process involving π^0 and antiparticles and, finally, a process in which π^0
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00039-00076000-00078000 can lead to production of π^+π^-, and the reverse process, when π^+ π^- annihilate into two π^0. These are processes that are possible in this order if there are four particles in the beginning and in the end
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00040-00078000-00080000 These are all the scattering processes. In principle, we could also consider some trickier processes, when one particle annihilates into a few others, but we are bound by the conservation laws. So we will consider
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00041-00080000-00082000 all these processes – two-to-two processes, which are pure scattering processes. Such processes can be easily computed, but since these are really some of the basic processes, including those on colliding beams,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00042-00082000-00084000 a special, very convenient kinematic language was invented for them. It is represented by the so-called Mandelstam variables. Let's talk about them in a little more detail
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00043-00086000-00088000 So, we are talking of a reaction when particle 1 collides with some particle 2 from this set and turns into some particles 3 and 4. In general, they are all different. In this case, we have the following picture
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00044-00088000-00090000 So, here we have particle 1 and particle 2; they collide and turn into particles 3 and 4. Accordingly, we say that the particles have the momenta p_1, p_2, p_3, and p_4. Of course, the law of conservation is valid,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00045-00090000-00092000 i.e. the sum of the initial four-momenta is equal to the sum of the final four-momenta. Of course, all these particles are asserted to be on the mass surface,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00046-00092000-00094000 i.e. the squared four-momentum is equal to their mass squared. In this light, generally speaking, one can make 16 mutual products from these 4 four-vectors,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00047-00094000-00096000 (p_i  p_j). However, only two of them turn out to be independent. Instead of invariants such as scalar products, it is preferable to use these invariants,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00048-00096000-00098000 sums (p_1 + p_2)^2.  It is clear that this is an invariant quantity; it is designated with the letter s. It is clear that s = 2p_1 p_2 + (m_1)^2 + (m_2)^2
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00049-00098000-00100000 Of course, with the same degree of confidence, we could rewrite this with p_3 and p_4. In addition to this variable s, which is bound
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00050-00100000-00102000 with these two momenta --- one more variable is introduced, t = (p_1 – p_3)^2 = -2p_1 p_3 + (m_1)^2 + (m_3)^2
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00051-00102000-00104000 Again, we can apply the law of conservation and rewrite this with p_2 and p_4. Sometimes, it is conventionally said the variable t corresponds to this direction, in which one momentum comes in
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00052-00104000-00106000 and the other goes out, and thus these signs are opposite. Finally, we have the variable u = (p_1 – p_4)^2 = -2p_1 p_4 + (m_1)^2 + (m_4)^2
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00053-00106000-00108000 In fact, one can easily guess that these variables are not independent. Why?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00054-00108000-00110000 If we take their sum, we'll get, first, summands associated with the masses, and second,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00055-00110000-00112000 this will yield such a product, p_1 (p_2 – p_3 – p_4). But (p_2 – p_3 – p_4)
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00056-00112000-00114000 is nothing more than -p_1, and thus all this together is 2(m_1)^2. Finally, all this sum
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00057-00114000-00116000 equals the sum of the squares of all the masses, i.e. these are not independent variables. If so, what is the good of introducing them? They have certain symmetry. What is the use of these variables?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00058-00116000-00118000 Let's try to find the use. It would be better if we switch to the center-of-mass system. Then we will have a picture in which the momentum of the first particle
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00059-00118000-00120000 is equal to the momentum of the second particle with the minus sign. Respectively, the momentum of the third particle is equal to the momentum of the fourth particle with the minus sign. If we start unwinding this variable,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00060-00120000-00122000 in this system it will turn into the following: the total momentum p_1 + p_2 (four-momentum) will only have the zero component and no spatial component
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00061-00122000-00124000 Thus s will look like this. The same, of course, can be said about the final particles. I.e. this variable is just the square of the total energy in the center-of-mass system. And what is
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00062-00124000-00126000 the variable t in this system? If we start unwinding this, we will have
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00063-00126000-00128000 -2ε_1 ε_3 + 2p_1 p_3 plus these masses. As for the variable u, all the same,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00064-00128000-00130000 only the index 3 is replaced with the index 4
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00065-00130000-00132000 One can see that they are dependent on the energies of respective particles and on these quantities, too. These values, in turn, are determined by the moduli of the momenta,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00066-00132000-00134000 which depend on the energy, and by the cosine of the scattering angle. In this case, the scattering angle is the angle between the first and third particles. Now, this value…
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00067-00134000-00136000 since p_4 = -p_3, this will be -p_1  p_4. So, it turns out that we can talk either of three invariants with such bond or
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00068-00136000-00138000 of variables that are associated with the interaction energy and one scattering angle, because these variables are expressed in terms of energy and the same angle. These are trivial things,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00070-00141500-00144000 Let's see. This will be such a reaction: particles 1 and 4 will still be the same ones. The third particle will turn into the initial state, and thus it will become an antiparticle
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00071-00144000-00146000 The second particle will turn into the final state; it will also become an antiparticle. If here I still use these designations p_1 and p_4, then here I have to write p_2 for antiparticle 2
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00072-00146000-00148000 and p_3 for antiparticle 3 here. So, we have such a reaction. The former variable t turns into
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00073-00148000-00150000 this quantity ( p_1 + p_\anti{3})^2,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00074-00150000-00152000 and therefore, the center-of-mass system of this reaction will be nothing more than the energy of the first particle, the energy of antiparticle 3. The variable s, in turn,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00075-00152000-00154800 will turn into a picture similar to the previous one. This will be (p_1 – p_\anti{2})^2. Only u will not change
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00076-00154800-00156000 Thus, in principle, we will have the same variables, but with another domain of variation. E.g. if all they were
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00077-00156000-00158000 identical particles, from this answer one could easily see that in this case s is a positive value. In whatever system we calculate it, it is an invariant and thus will remain a positive value
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00078-00158000-00160000 As for the variables t and u, it is easy to show that for identical particles they both will be negative. Thus, that will be true in any reference frame. And vice versa here, the variables s and u will become negative, and t will be positive
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00079-00160000-00162000 So, from this point of view, this will be a unified description of two different processes, described with these variables, but with different domains of their variation
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00080-00162000-00164000 This reaction is referred to as the s channel, some generalized two-to-two, reaction and this reaction is referred to as the t channel. Note that
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00081-00164000-00166000 this reaction can also be seen in this diagram if the observer is looking from here. And, accordingly, there can be the u channel,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00082-00166000-00168000 in which particles 2 and 4 were swapped, that is, i.e. this is the first particle;
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00083-00168000-00170000 the fourth particle is here; this is the anti-forth particle; the third particle will remain itself; the second antiparticle is in the place of the fourth particle. Such a picture: p_1…
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00084-00170000-00172000 In this case, the variable u,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00085-00172000-00174000 which is equal to (p_1 + p_anti4)^2 will become the square of the total energy of the colliding particles; it will be positive
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00086-00174000-00176700 Respectively, s and t are negative. Such is technology. It will be very convenient. To make this more spectacular,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00087-00176700-00178000 let's consider an example of reaction. Let the s channel be a reaction corresponding to the Compton effect
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00088-00178000-00180000 This process was discovered in the early XX century, in 1923-24, when they would scatter X-rays on atoms
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00089-00180000-00182000 and watch where the scattered X-rays were flying to. It was found that when they flew at a certain angle to the original direction, their frequency changed, which was interpreted as follows: the scattering occurs mostly
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00090-00182000-00184000 on electrons rather than nuclei, and if the energy of X-ray photons is sufficiently large, these electrons can be regarded as free; the binding energy can be neglected. Thus the elementary reaction was like this:
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00091-00184000-00186000 the photon is scattered on the electron and turns into the final photon and the flying-off electron. The picture is as follows: in the beginning, the initial photon is flying and
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00092-00186000-00188000 the electron is at rest. Then the picture looks like this: the electron flies somewhere off and the photon flies somewhere off. The conservation laws require the total energy in this state to be equal to the energy of the initial state and
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00093-00188000-00190000 the total momentum of the initial state to be equal to the total momentum of the final state. This means, among other things, that these transverse momenta must be equal and opposite. This means in particular that if this were the energy
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00094-00190000-00192000 of the initial photon, and this were the energy of the final photon, what could we say about the final photon energy? Part of the initial photon energy was transferred to the electron, so the final photon energy is still, first,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00095-00192000-00194000 the angle θ dependent, and, second, is certainly less than the initial photon energy. This is the classical Compton effect. In its up-to-date form, this effect looks a little bit different
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00096-00194000-00196000 BINP haв an important installation, referred to as ROKK, based on the “backward scattering of Compton quanta”. What is meant by “backward” in this case?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00097-00196000-00198000 This means that a laser photon of an energy of about 1 eV is flying and an electron collides with it,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00098-00198000-00200000 the same electron that is used in our accelerators. It can be an electron of VEPP-4 of up to 5 GeV or an electron of VEPP-2000 of about 1 GeV or
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00099-00200000-00202000 or an electron from VEP-3 of 1 to 2 GeV. So, in this case the electron energy is of the order of a few GeV. Then what is the picture of such collision?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00100-00202000-00204000 In the classical language, that could be represented as a ping-pong ball colliding with a truck. What happens to the ball? The ball bounces and its speed will be equal to twice the speed of the truck,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00101-00204000-00206000 i.e., the energy increases. In our case, all is the same, but because of the huge energy discrepancy and relativistic kinematics, everything looks much trickier: the electron transfers
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00102-00206000-00208000 some part of its energy to the photon and its energy decreases. The photon receives a significant energy, but still, if they met head-on, the transverse momenta of the photon and electron
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00103-00208000-00210000 must be equal and opposite, whereas the final photon energy is approximately equal to 4γ^2 multiplied by the initial value of the photon energy. Since in this case, γ
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00104-00210000-00212000 is about 10^3 – 10^4, the photon energy increases by approximately five orders of magnitude, and the photon with the nergy of 1 eV turns into a 0.5 GeV photon, e.g. in experiments that were conducted on VEPP-4M
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00105-00212000-00214000 Interestingly enough, if you have a system of detection of scattered electrons, as on VEPP-4M, and you detect this electron, you'll know all about this final photon. So, the photon is tagged, and everything about it is known
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00106-00214000-00216000 Therefore, it can be put to good use. On the other hand, vice versa, if you have a good detector, which catches the final photons and measures them with high accuracy,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00107-00216000-00218000 then you know the initial photon energy with a very good accuracy, because it is a laser photon and its energy is known with a relative accuracy of almost 10^(-8)
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00108-00218000-00220000 Thus you'll know the initial electron energy. It is very useful to measure the initial electron energy with such accuracy. Such installations are now working for continuous monitoring of the energy of colliding particles
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00109-00220000-00222000 Well, this is an ordinary Compton effect. This is the s channel, particle 1 and particles 2, 3, and 4. What will the t channel of this reaction look like?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00110-00222000-00224000 In the t channel, the third and the first particles are swapped and we have such a picture: the photon turns into the antiphoton, which is its own antiparticle. And the electron turns into
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00111-00224000-00226000 the positron, and there occurs the process γγe^+ e^-. Such process was not observed directly, but the reverse process was observed, e^+ e^-  γγ
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00112-00226000-00228000 This is one of the first processes that are examined when any accelerator with colliding electro-positron beams starts operation. (question) Why is not the direct process observed? Because the cross-section is small?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00113-00228000-00230000 No. The cross section of γγe+e- at relatively high energies is about the same as the cross section of e+e-γγ, i.e.it is not small from this point of view, but we have good sources of
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00114-00230000-00232000 electrons and positrons; dense beams with large number of particles. As for the photons, we actually have dense photon beams, laser ones. Unfortunately, their energy mainly lies in the visible range
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00115-00232000-00234000 Which energies are required this reaction? (answer) over 1 MeV at least. It is necessary to pass over the pair production threshold. The mass of each particle is 0.5 MeV. Thus these photons must have energy over 0.5 MeV. There are no such lasers so far. They could be called “gasers”, probably
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00116-00234000-00236000 However, there are roundabout ways to produce such particles, including production of this photon from scattering off electron, and production of this photon from scattering off positron
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00117-00236000-00238000 Then -- we forget about the origination -- we will observe this process. This process was actually observed; for the first time that was on VEPP-2
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00118-00238000-00240000 Finally, if speaking about the u channel, we swap the second and fourth particles. Then electron 4
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00119-00240000-00242000 turns into an antiparticle, i.e. the positron, and another positron is here, which means scattering of the photon on the positron. Such processes were also observed, also on colliding beams
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00120-00242000-00244000 Well. We got prepared to qualified consideration of the second order. Let's start
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00121-00248000-00250000 Let’s consider a process in which a charged particle is scattered on another charged particle
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00122-00250000-00252000 We'll operate with this second order operator; such elementary vertices in the coordinate representation correspond to this operator
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00123-00252000-00254000 As for the initial state, we'll consider a picture in which the first particle π:- with the momentum p_1
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00124-00254000-00256000 collides with the second particle with the momentum p_2; scattering occurs. We are interested in non-trivial events,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00125-00256000-00258000 i.e. events when no initial particle has the same momentum as one of the final particles, i.e. p_1 ≠ p_3, p_4 and the same is true for p_2
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00126-00258000-00260000 So, we'll consider a nontrivial scattering process. What will the initial state of the process look like? This is production of particle 1 from the vacuum
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00127-00260000-00262000 and production of particle 2 from the vacuum. With this letter â+_1 I write down briefly such an operator
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00128-00262000-00264000 Similarly, in the final state there is a particle with the momentum p_3 and a particle with the momentum p_4
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00129-00264000-00266000 That's all. Now to the matrix element: we place this operator within such brockets
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00130-00266000-00268000 What will happen? We'll obtain an integral with respect to the two variables of what?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00131-00268000-00270000 We'll have the products of the operators φ between the brockets. There are 4 such operators
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00132-00270000-00272000 The brockets contain 4 operators. So, we'll have the following picture: this conjugate state will look like this
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00133-00272000-00274000 Next, the final state will be somewhere further
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00134-00274000-00276000 Between them, we'll have the product of these values. We separate the summand from it, the factor (-i)^2, and this factor g
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00135-00276000-00278000 at each vertex, and thus we'll also have such a factor, (-ig)^2. Also there will be 1/2!, which we will not forget,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00136-00278000-00280000 between these brockets, which are referred to the charged particles; there will be operators associated with these particles
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00137-00280000-00282000 and identical operators at the point x'. Generally speaking, operators associated with neutral particles can be commuted with these ones -- they are for very different particles –
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00138-00282000-00284000 and so they form their product
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00139-00284000-00286000 But there are no these particles outside, so the initial and final states for these particles are pure vacuum ones. So, we've got a product of two factors ---  I missed the factor (-ig)^2
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00140-00286000-00288000 In addition, we must remember that we still have this T-product. It can also be written down out separately for charged particles
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00141-00288000-00290000 and separately for uncharged ones. Such is the structure of this answer. What do we finally get? We turned out to have such a thing
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00142-00290000-00292000 When we placed the operators in the brockets, this all turned into some function. Since it depends on the small operators, we will denote it with the small letter f(x,x')
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00143-00292000-00294000 Generally speaking, this depends on the large operators and could be denoted with the capital letter F on the same arguments
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00144-00294000-00296000 However, they prefer to designate this as follows: an additional i is introduced and therefore we have another i. If we tried to present this all in diagrams, what would this picture look like?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00145-00296000-00298000 We have the point x and the point x'. Two particles come to this point x, and two charged particles come to this point x'
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00146-00298000-00300000 How could we represent this picture? We have the point x and the point x'; these points are connected by a line corresponding to the neutral particle
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00147-00300000-00302000 I.e. these two diagrams, for separate vertices, are arranged so that the charged particles are encoded for the outer ends and the neutral particles do not appear outside;
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00148-00302000-00304000 they are within this process only. Once again, this picture presentation is only for explanation of such a definition. Okay, now let's take a break
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00149-00304000-00306000 Let’s look into these individual summands, and when we understand them, we'll have to perform integration. Regarding this function, the analysis will be relatively simple,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00150-00306000-00308000 because what's happening here is very similar to components in the first order. We'll act as follows: take, for example, this operator â^+_2 and pull it to the left. If it can get to the zero state,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00151-00308000-00310000 then the operator’s action will yield zero. Meanwhile it will of course meet with â_3 and â_4; their commutation yields zero, because, as we agreed, p_2 ≠ p_3, p_4
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00152-00310000-00312000 So, it will necessarily meet with the operator â with exactly the same momentum as p_2. Where is this operator? It may be contained
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00153-00312000-00314000 only in the field operator \hat φ.  A lot of summation here, and thus, among other things, there is a summand with a momentum equal to p_2
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00154-00314000-00316000 So, what may happen? There may be the so-called contraction. When this operator is met with
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00155-00316000-00318000 the commutation will yield such a factor at the point p_2. That will correspond to
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00156-00318000-00320000 an initial plane wave with the momentum p_2. At which point will this happen? I missed the prime mark here, so it will happen at the point x'. Thus here we'll have a plane wave with the momentum p_2
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00157-00320000-00322000 Actually there was one more possibility: â+_2 could go through this thing and through this thing and meet with \hat φ at the point x. Let's take into account this additional possibility,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00158-00322000-00324000 i.e. with x' replaced with x. If we seized this possibility, then â+_1, when pulled to the left, has no other way than
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00159-00324000-00326000 meeting with \hat φ at the point x, and therefore, at the point x we'll have a plane wave with the momentum p_1. Of course, the variant when x is replaced with x' remains
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00160-00326000-00328000 So we finished with these; this gets out; this gets out; this gets out. In doing so, we never had to take into account the operator T^
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00161-00328000-00330000 Now let’s cling to the operator â_4. If I pull it to zero, it will yield zero unless it meets with the operator â+ with exactly the same momentum. The operator â+ is contained here,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00162-00330000-00332000 with a plane wave corresponding to the final particle with such a factor. I.e. we'll have such a factor. So, this operator can
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00163-00332000-00334000 create connection with φ^+ and then…  one minute, a_3, a_4 – we'll have…
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00164-00334000-00336000 I'll reverse the 4 – with conjugation, they are swapped; â_3, â_4. Actually, they commute. I prefer writing it down in this way to make the picture compact
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00165-00336000-00338000 Now â_3 with φ^ at the point x will give us the final plane wave with the momentum p_3. In fact, it could have been in connection with another wave
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00166-00338000-00340000 There is another, additional option: φ^+ at the point x'. We need to take this additional option into account, and then we'll have such a picture: this is the point x; this is the point x';
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00167-00340000-00342000 this all has been allocated already, p_1 and p_2; and in this case â_3 will be about the line x'. There are two options:
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00168-00342000-00344000 in the white version, what will be to â_4? â_4 can be in connection only with \hat{φ}^+, i.e. it will have such an option, whereas in the yellow variant â_4 can be in connection only with \hat{φ}^+ at the point x
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00169-00344000-00346000 Then here we'll have p_4. So, we have such options and I won't forget about 1/2! Here
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00170-00346000-00348000 We’ve actually unwound the function on x; let’s write it down explicitly… is equal to 1/2!
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00171-00348000-00350000 What is this? This is the plane wave corresponding to the initial particle with the momentum p_1 at the point x. What is this? This is the plane wave
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00172-00350000-00352000 corresponding to the final particle with the momentum p_3; the other sign. And, of course, each of them has a corresponding factor
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00173-00352000-00354000 What do we have here? Here we also have two plane waves: the incoming one with the momentum p_2
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00174-00354000-00356000 and the resulting one with the momentum p_4. Plus the yellow option, where
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00175-00356000-00358000 p_3 and p_4 are swapped; plus all this together, where x was replaced with x'
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00176-00358000-00360000 This is the full answer. Great. Now we have to deal with this object that corresponds to this. It is called propagator
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00177-00360000-00362000 In principle, in this respect, we've already received the answer. Here is the function f; we can perform the integration
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00179-00366000-00368000 We've unwound the letter f; we also know the graphic representation. Now we have to deal with this object,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00180-00368000-00370000 which is called a propagator of scalar particle
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00181-00370000-00372000 In this case we are talking of propagation of scalar particle. According this simple picture, propagation from x' to x or vice versa,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00182-00372000-00375000 because for a scalar particle both the motions are interchangeable. Let us proceed to detailed consideration
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00183-00376000-00378000 Here, before we start the calculation, you can guess the structure of this answer; in particular, how it depends on x and x'
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00184-00378000-00380000 We are talking of scalar particle fields in an empty space. If this space is homogeneous, this propagation cannot
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00185-00380000-00382000 depend separately on the point x and separately on the point x'; it can only depend on the difference. So we must keep in mind in advance that this is a function not of x and x' separately, but of this difference
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00186-00382000-00385000 Later on, we’ll check this speculation. What do we have here? We need to remember what the operator \hat{T} is and
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00187-00385000-00386000 how it is defined. The x coordinate is a set of the four components, t and r
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00188-00386000-00388000 The x' coordinate is a set of the four components, t' and r'. If t> t ', the T product requires these operators to be in the following order:
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00189-00388000-00390000 the earlier one be to the right -- t' in this case---, and the later one be to the left. If vice versa, i.e. t <t',
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00190-00390000-00392000 then these operators have to be placed vice versa, too. Great. When we begin to implement this,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00191-00392000-00394000 we'll have to do the following: we'll have to take separately the summands when t> t' and we'll introduce this Heaviside function. Do you know it?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00192-00394000-00396000 What will be next to it? Such a picture: a certain sum here and a certain sum here
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00194-00400000-00402000 in which k' and x' are instead of k and x. Well, all this should be in brockets. Here will be the sum over k and over k'
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00195-00402000-00404000 of what? In the first place is \hat{Φ}(x); in the second place is \hat{Φ}(x')
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00196-00404000-00406000 For \hat{Φ} action on vacuum to not yield zero, we'll have to apply this function here
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00197-00406000-00408000 With the same condition for \hat{Φ}(x'), located to the left, we'll have to apply \hat{c}^+
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00198-00408000-00410000 Finally, we have such a summand \hat{c}_k multiplied by e^(-ikx) and 1/√(2ε_k V)
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00199-00410000-00412000 What is the exponential for \hat{с}^+? With the plus sign and all the prime marks
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00200-00412000-00414000 Such is the picture. Firstly, we know the answer, one can easily get it, and secondly,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00201-00414000-00416000 how could we represent this answer graphically? Here we have the point x; the time is directed this way and this is the point x'
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00202-00416000-00418000 The point x' is a little bit earlier than x. What is going on here? This operator corresponds to the event of neutral particle production at x',
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00203-00418000-00420000 and this operator corresponds to disappearance of the particle at the point x. So this piece corresponds to the propagation of the particle from x' to x if all is correct,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00204-00420000-00422000 At first the particle is created and then it is annihilated. Well, what does all this equal? We know the commutation rule…
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00205-00422000-00424000 Acting on 0, this term yields 0, and thus, the entire matrix element
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00206-00424000-00426000 is just δ__{kk'}. If so, all this sum is reduced
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00207-00426000-00428000 to only one summand, where k = k'. In absolutely the same way,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00208-00428000-00430000 I need to add another summand, which will correspond to such a course of action,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00209-00430000-00432000 and thus there we'll have \hat{c}_k’  \hat{c}^+_k
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00210-00432000-00434000 with the exponent e^(-ik'x) at the point x. Now our picture is like this, x is earlier and x' is later
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00211-00434000-00436000 This particle with the momentum p' is produced at the point x  and then it disappears at the point x'
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00212-00436000-00438000 e^(ikx') by the corresponding root. I'm sorry, this will include
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00213-00438000-00440000 the sum over k and k'. Again, this yields δ_{kk'}; again k'= k; the entire sum is reduced to the sum over k. That's what we've got
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00214-00440000-00442000 What do we have finally? We have the single sum,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00217-00450000-00450050 We had the following: at first, the function at the point x', and thus here must be k'x'. As compared with this, when k became equal to k', the sign changed:
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00219-00454000-00456000 Indeed, the answer depends not on x and x' separately, but on their difference only. Now we'll deal with the result obtained
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00220-00457500-00460000 This is a bit difficult, so let's proceed as follows. To simplify this, we can
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00221-00460000-00462000 designate this difference (x-x’) with one letter, and then, when necessary, we will substitute it here as the difference. It will be a little bit easier
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00222-00462000-00464000 So, let this argument be just one letter x. Then this exponent
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00223-00464000-00466000 is as follows e^(-ik_0 t + ikr), and this  exponential is e^(ik_0 t ).
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00224-00466000-00468000 Wait a moment, we should have canceled t'. We'll have -t here, and then e^(ik_0 t –  ikr)…
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00225-00468000-00470000 This is correct now. So, let's try to make this result more compact. Here and here
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00226-00470000-00472000 the summands kr have different signs, whereas the integration with respect to k  is performed over all areas without exception, including the positive and negative values. Here, in fact,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00227-00472000-00474000 the integration with respect to k is performed over all positive and negative values. What does this mean? In fact, this means that for these two terms I can replace the integration with respect to k
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00228-00474000-00476000 with the integration with respect to (–k). By the way, what is this k_0? This k_0 is nothing more than ε_k
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00229-00476000-00478000 But ε_k is dependent of the module  of k, and m is the mass of our particle, neutral in this case
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00230-00478000-00480000 These summands are not influenced by the change of the sign of k, unlike here, where the sign is changed. If so, then here, where summing with respect to k is the same as with respect to – k,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00231-00480000-00482000 I can replace the sign here with the plus sign. What is left now?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00233-00486000-00488700 And, of course, this common factor. It is a bit easier now. Now, what is left, this whole factor can also be written down very easily as e^(-iε_k |t|)
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00234-00488700-00490000 Then this will be true, and this will be true
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00235-00490000-00492000 (question) Where did the plus sign came from in +i k r?  We had summing over k of e^(iε_k t )
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00236-00492000-00494000 Do you mean this plus? (yes) In fact, it was (-i kr) here --- we can replace k with -k. I want to say that
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00237-00494000-00496000 If k is replaced with -k', what will change? The summing will be over k'; here over –k; this will not change,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00238-00496000-00498000 whereas this will change and become like this. In the first summand, the letter k' doesn’t differ from the letter k, so I'll again replace k' with the letter k
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00240-00504000-00506000 Actually, this answer can already be used. The only thing to do here for further simplification is
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00241-00506000-00508000 to replace the summing with integration. How is this done? Here we are summing over the components of the vector k. What are they?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00242-00508000-00510000 They correspond to separate plane waves, i.e. to individual states. If we wanted to integrate over the states, then we would have to take the integral of some element of the phase space,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00243-00510000-00512000 and if we divide it by (2π)^3, the unit cell volume, we'll get the number of states in this element of the phase space, right? Here the summation was over the states, and
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00244-00512000-00514000 here the integration is with  respect to the same states. Thus (1/V)  ∑_k will be replaced with ∫[d^3 k /(2π)^3]
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00245-00514000-00516000 We could be satisfied with this, because although this expression is slightly wildish and not relativistic covariant,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00246-00516000-00518000 we still know that when we perform the integration, we'll get a relativistic covariant answer. Because we based on the relativistic covariance; we had the appropriate φ
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00247-00518000-00520000 Since the answer will be relativistic covariant, we will know in advance what argument may determine the function. Only x^2, right? We'll get this eventually, although it is not seen from this expression
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00248-00520000-00522000 This expression provides a great benefit. You remember that when we were unwinding this, there was a sum over states
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00249-00522000-00524000 Those were normal and correct physical states with this momentum k and such a normal energy
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00250-00524000-00526000 And if I have a four-vector k with such normal components, then I know that k^2 = m^2. This is good because this is customary
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00251-00526000-00528000 And here “the frog begins jumping into the water” as Rumer used to say. Now we'll try to get rid of this customary and standard image and introduce the concept of virtual particles
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00252-00528000-00530000 Once again, we could have done nothing of this sort. Eventually, I can calculate this integral and get the answer. This answer will be, however, rather abominable. I'll give it in the end; it will be a function of x^2
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00253-00530000-00532000 and will include delta functions, theta functions, Bessel functions, Neumann functions, Hankel functions, and so on. And yet, when we perform all these integrations –
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00254-00532000-00534000 integration with respect to d^3 k and integration with respect to x and x' ---, we'll finally get very simple expressions. However, if we start from the explicit form of the integral, we won't see them. Actually, it would be convenient
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00255-00534000-00536000 to take the Fourier transform of this product. To do this, it would be better to represent this integral in an explicitly covariant form. To this end, we have to overcome a stereotype, according to which
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00256-00536000-00538000 the summation or integration was performed over states with ordinary particles with such usual components. The zero component was like this; the square was equal to m^2 all the time
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00257-00538000-00540000 Now we'll try to introduce a new kind of particles, virtual particles, which will have none of this. First, let's do this in a formal way: this expression, besides this wonderful exponent,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00258-00540000-00542000 includes this rather vile quantity, e^(-iε_k |t|)/(2ε_k). I want to proclaim that this quantity
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00259-00542000-00544000 can be formally represented as an integral with respect to some variable. What kind of variable?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00261-00548000-00549500 Such is the answer. What is good in this answer? It is good that, first, instead of |t| we'll have real, good t. Second, since we have real, good t,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00262-00549500-00552000 then when I substitute this answer here arises additional integration -- but the power of the exponential will resemble a usual four-momentum. This exponent cannot be interpreted as the product of some four-momentum by a coordinate four-radius
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00263-00552000-00554000 With this answer we can do this. But you need to pay attention to the following obstacle. When I integrate with respect to u, I may stumble over this pole,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00264-00554000-00556000 and we have to indicate how we will treat it. A Feynman’s prescription consists in adding a small imaginary value, denoted as i0. In this case, 0 is an infinitesimal
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00265-00556000-00558000 We are quite able to verify if this is true or not. Let's break this connection for the moment and investigate into this integral
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00266-00558000-00560000 We'll take this integral in different ways depending on the t value. If I draw the complex plane u, here we'll have real part of u, and here we'll have imaginary part of u
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00268-00564000-00566000 = ±ε_k ∓ i0. We have two points. The first point is u_1 with positive ε_k and
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00269-00566000-00568000 negative imaginary part. The second point is with negative ε_k and positive imaginary part
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00270-00568000-00570000 I'll write this once again. u_1,2= ±ε_k ± i0
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00271-00570000-00572000 We need to calculate the integral. What will it equal to, e.g. for t> 0? If t> 0 and we need to integrate
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00272-00572000-00574000 from -∞ to +∞ in u, we can see the following. In this exponent, if u has the imaginary part, I'll name it x+iy, and iy is positive, then we have the product
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00273-00576000-00578000 -ii and for positive t the whole thing will turn out to be terribly fast growing with increasing y. Conversely, if y is negative, then everything will be fine
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00274-00578000-00580000 Thus it is clear that with positive t, u needs to have a negative imaginary part, and then we'll be able to close the contour in this way. Over this contour, our integrand is terribly small. When we begin expanding the contour, i.e. this radius,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00275-00580000-00582000 the contribution from this contour will disappear. On the other hand, the contribution from this contour consists of the value we need, plus zero
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00277-00586000-00588000 the exponent at the point u_1 by t, because u_1 is covered, and the residue at this point. The residue at this point is the doubled derivative of u at the point u_1
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00278-00588000-00590000 Correct? What we've got finally?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00279-00590000-00592000 Yeah, I've forgotten this π. So, 2π and 2π are cancelled; -i by i gives one;
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00280-00592000-00594000 we'll get the exponent at the point -iε_k t; below we also have 2ε_k. I.e., everything is fine
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00281-00594000-00596000 Really, if t is positive, this expression coincides with this integral. What will change in this reasoning if t is negative? Let' see. If t <0,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00282-00596000-00598000 then we need to close the contour in the upper half plane, and there will be the following changes: we'll integrate counterclockwise, so here we'll have the plus sign;
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00283-00598000-00600000 the pole will be at the point u_2. What will this yield? This will yield –i(-ε_k),
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00284-00600000-00602000 i.e. precisely this value. The numerator will contain u_2, which is -ε_k; there will appear an extra minus sign and the product ii with this sign will also be compensated
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00285-00602000-00604000 As I said, here, at u_2, we'll have such a value, + iε_kt. Here we'll have i ^ 2, and they will also be compensated
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00286-00604000-00606000 So, we have checked that everything will be right if t is negative
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00287-00606000-00608000 Now we can take use of this. So, this good, well-understood integral will turn into another integral,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00288-00608000-00610400 like this, with e^(-i(ut – kr)) divided by u^2 – ε_k^2 + i0
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00289-00610500-00612000 (question) Where is the common i? Or was it cancelled?  Yes, and i, of course
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00292-00620000-00622000 Now let's try to interpret these mathematics. Look, we have integration with respect to four components,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00293-00622000-00624000 and here we have a quantity that corresponds to the product of such four-vector by the four-vector (t, r)
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00294-00624000-00626000 What is there in the denominator? This is the four-vector squared. What shall we do?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00295-00626000-00628000 We need to declare the variable u the zero component of the new four-vector. Unfortunately, we have no other symbols, except the letter k. So, I can designate all this in this way
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00296-00628000-00630000 I can use another variable, k_0, instead of u
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00297-00630000-00633000 Then everything will be beautiful. This all will be the integral with respect to d^4 k,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00298-00633000-00634000 which obviously looks relativistic covariant, right?
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00299-00634000-00636000 Well, on the other hand, this simplicity is almost worse than robbery. Why? Because now we have to change our ideology and say that
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00300-00636000-00638000 this summation over intermediate states of neutral scalar particle corresponds to states in which k^2 is not equal to m^2, generally speaking,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00301-00638000-00640000 and k_0 is not equal to the energy of normal particle. Here k_0 can be both positive and negative
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00302-00640000-00642000 We have to get used to this. Such particles, the square of the four-momentum of which is not equal to the square of the mass,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00303-00642000-00644000 they are referred to as virtual particles or particles off the mass shell. Moreover, from the uncertainty relation we understand the following: since this is not equal to zero,
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00304-00644000-00646000 this difference is called virtuality. The smaller is the virtuality, the closer is the particle to the real one; the larger is the virtuality, the farther is the particle from the usual real one
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00305-00646000-00648000 1.47.40  (question) What about the uncertainty relation?  The uncertainty relation shall also be included with saying that this particle is living for about 1/√(k^2 - m^2),
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00306-00648000-00650000 The virtuality can be both positive and negative. And this particle flies a distance of about the same 1/√(k^2 – m^2)
yP9Xt1b9sLu-00307-00650000-00652000 In our case, this is a state of a particle that was produced at one point and disappeared at another point. That took some finite time, and thus the particle is in connection with a final distance it flew
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00000-00000240-00000476 Hello, welcome to the National Archives Museum.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00001-00000476-00000919 We're in the Lawrence F. O'Brien gallery, home to Rightfully Hers.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00002-00000928-00001349 I'm Corinne Porter, the curator for the exhibit Rightfully Hers: American Women
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00003-00001349-00001741 and the Vote, and I'm going to take you on a short tour of the exhibit today and
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00004-00001741-00002100 show you some of the highlights that you can see when you visit the museum.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00005-00002207-00002380 We're in the entrance of the Rightfully Hers
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00006-00002380-00002761 exhibition, which is the National Archives exhibit to celebrate the 100th
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00007-00002761-00003133 anniversary of the 19th Amendment by offering a fuller retelling of what it
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00008-00003133-00003300 takes to win women the vote.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00009-00003300-00003800 The exhibit is organized into five sections around these questions:
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00010-00003800-00003934 Who decides who votes?
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00011-00003934-00004113 Why did women fight for the vote?
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00012-00004113-00004327 How did women win the 19th Amendment?
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00013-00004327-00004530 What was the 19th Amendment's impact?
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00014-00004530-00004760 And what voting rights struggles persist?
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00015-00004853-00005178 The first section of the exhibit is "Who Decides Who Votes?"
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00016-00005178-00005344 It's an important framing section for the
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00017-00005344-00005939 exhibit because states' power in deciding voting qualifications for its residents
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00018-00005939-00006345 dramatically impacted women's struggle for the vote.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00019-00006345-00006700 The second section of the exhibit is "Why Did Women Fight for the Vote?"
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00020-00006700-00007123 In this section, we hear from a few of the countless women whose lives were
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00021-00007123-00007422 affected by their inability to vote.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00022-00007422-00007629 One of the women whose story is told in
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00023-00007629-00007923 this section of the exhibit is Emily Barber.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00024-00007923-00008365 She was a teacher, and she sent this petition into Congress saying that as a
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00025-00008365-00008830 wage-earning woman, she had to pay equal tax with men but had no voice in how
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00026-00008830-00009011 those taxes were spent.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00027-00009011-00009285 And she went on to also say that with acknowledged
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00028-00009285-00009740 superior capabilities for teaching and governing schools, she's been obliged to
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00029-00009740-00010230 teach for one-third of the wages accorded to a male teacher in the same school.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00030-00010235-00010640 I just want to point out this petition was sent in 1879,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00031-00010640-00010900 a hundred and forty years ago today.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00032-00010979-00011156 You may have also noticed that the light levels are
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00033-00011156-00011578 pretty low in here, and that's to protect the documents so that they'll be
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00034-00011578-00011860 preserved for you when you come to the Museum.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00035-00011960-00012367 In this section of the exhibit, we also have this digital display to pull
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00036-00012367-00012880 in even more voices from women and men who argued why women needed the vote.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00037-00012994-00013200 So now we're in the 3rd section of the exhibit,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00038-00013200-00013460 which is "How Did Women Win the 19th Amendment?" and this section of
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00039-00013460-00013838 the exhibit is really the focal point of Rightfully Hers, looking at the diverse
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00040-00013838-00014319 strategies and suffragists who worked to ultimately win the 19th Amendment for women.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00041-00014401-00014743 Women used a variety of methods to press for their voting rights.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00042-00014743-00015040 One of them was the power to petition their government,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00043-00015040-00015409 and here we have a petition signed by dozens of women from Utah,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00044-00015409-00015660 urging Congress not to take the vote from them.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00045-00015730-00016031 So we're at one of my favorite petitions in the exhibition.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00046-00016031-00016420 This one is signed by a number of African-American suffragists,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00047-00016420-00016850 both men and women, that were pushing for a woman suffrage amendment.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00048-00016854-00017129 Two of the signers are Frederick Douglass's children,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00049-00017129-00017480 Frederick Douglass, Jr. and his daughter, Rosetta Douglass Sprague.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00050-00017604-00017837 One of the other strategies women used to press for their
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00051-00017837-00018232 voting rights was to organize large marches and parades to really draw
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00052-00018232-00018437 attention to their cause.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00053-00018437-00018635 One of the women that we know that participated in
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00054-00018635-00018915 one of those suffrage marches was Marie Bottineau Baldwin.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00055-00018915-00019138 She was a Native American woman.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00056-00019138-00019487 This is her photo from her employee personnel file.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00057-00019488-00019770 She served in what is today the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00058-00019854-00020193 One of the marches was actually held here in Washington, DC, and
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00059-00020193-00020648 this is a photo with a great perspective view of Pennsylvania Avenue showing the
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00060-00020648-00020847 women as they marched.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00061-00020900-00021298 So, in addition to protesting and marching, suffragists were
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00062-00021298-00021706 also the first Americans to organize a picket at the White House to get the
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00063-00021706-00021994 President's attention for their cause.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00064-00021994-00022338 This is a banner that was used by the National Woman's Party and it's on loan
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00065-00022338-00022523 for this exhibition.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00066-00022523-00022850 It's alongside some of the footage of those suffragists picketing
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00067-00022850-00023010 the White House as well.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00068-00023123-00023413 We also have this collection of Red Cross uniforms worn by
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00069-00023413-00023829 three different women who served their country during World War One, which was an
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00070-00023829-00024270 important factor in winning support for women's suffrage after the war.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00071-00024406-00024573 So now we've come to the focal point of the
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00072-00024573-00024952 exhibition, which is the 19th Amendment, and these three documents in this
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00073-00024952-00025384 exhibit case really tell the story of how the 19th Amendment officially became
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00074-00025384-00025582 part of the Constitution.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00075-00025582-00025906 The first document is a joint resolution proposing
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00076-00025906-00026477 the 19th Amendment, which passed Congress on June 4th of 1919.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00077-00026477-00026743 In order for a proposed Constitutional amendment to
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00078-00026743-00027270 become part of the Constitution, it needs to be ratified by three-quarters of the states,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00079-00027270-00027570 which at this point in time was 36 states.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00080-00027570-00027862 And the 19th Amendment achieved that when Tennessee voted to
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00081-00027862-00028300 ratify the amendment on August 18th of 1920.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00082-00028330-00028760 And then on August 26, the Secretary of State certified that the
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00083-00028760-00029011 19th Amendment was officially part of the Constitution.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00084-00029011-00029430 Today, the Archivist of the United States has that responsibility.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00085-00029499-00029827 Throughout the gallery we have these exhibit items called
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00086-00029827-00030339 Suffragist Spotlights that tell some of the stories of diverse women who were really
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00087-00030339-00030613 important in the struggle for women's voting rights.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00088-00030613-00031039 Women like Adelina Otero-Warren, a Mexican-American woman who used
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00089-00031039-00031500 her bilingual skills to help fight for the vote in the state of New Mexico.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00090-00031656-00031870 So now we're in the fourth section of the exhibit,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00091-00031870-00032224 which is "What Was the 19th Amendment's Impact?" and this section of
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00092-00032226-00032769 the exhibit looks at how women use their power as new voters to press for change,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00093-00032769-00033106 including some of the successes and setbacks that they faced.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00094-00033106-00033440 It also really introduces the ongoing struggle for
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00095-00033440-00033950 equality and opportunity that many women continue to press for up through today.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00096-00034060-00034399 We also wanted to allow visitors to delve a little bit deeper into some of
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00097-00034399-00034887 those ongoing equality struggles, so we developed this interactive game, which
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00098-00034887-00035288 allows you to navigate a maze to learn about some of the other ways that women
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00099-00035288-00035600 have fought for greater equality and opportunity.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00100-00035744-00035950 So now we come to the last section of the exhibit, which is
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00101-00035950-00036220 "What Voting Rights Struggles Persist?"
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00102-00036221-00036613 Although the 19th Amendment was a landmark voting rights victory for women,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00103-00036613-00036964 it did not give all women the right to vote, and this section of the exhibit
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00104-00036964-00037450 looks at the myriad ways that women were denied the vote for reasons other than their sex.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00105-00037480-00037818 In this section of the exhibition, we look at a number of
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00106-00037818-00038200 different stories of women's ongoing struggle for the vote and what
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00107-00038200-00038462 ultimately secured them voting rights.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00108-00038462-00038844 Some of the groups of women's stories we tell are Puerto Rican women, women living
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00109-00038844-00039369 in the District of Columbia, Native American women, and Asian immigrant women.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00110-00039369-00039744 And one of the main stories that we tell in this section of the exhibition is the
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00111-00039744-00040370 ongoing struggle for African American women, and of course men, to vote after 1920.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00112-00040420-00040781 African Americans living in the South, in particular, faced ongoing
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00113-00040781-00041300 discrimination and state laws that made it hard, if not impossible, for them to vote.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00114-00041393-00041810 So in addition to the ongoing struggle of different groups of women for the vote,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00115-00041810-00042250 we also look at ways that other voters gained greater access to the polls,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00116-00042250-00042810 including the 26th Amendment, which lowered the voting age from 21 to 18,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00117-00042810-00043250 and the National Voter Registration Act otherwise known as "motor voter"
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00118-00043250-00043840 which made it easier for a number of voters to register and hopefully also vote.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00119-00043878-00044202 We have this T-shirt here that was given to President Clinton after he
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00120-00044202-00044410 signed that act into law.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00121-00044519-00044720 At the end of the Rightfully Hers exhibit,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00122-00044720-00045133 you'll encounter the Rightfully Hers voting booths, where we invite the visitor to
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00123-00045133-00045711 come in and share what ballot box issues matter the most to you, and you can see
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00124-00045711-00046203 how your opinions compared to other visitors to the museum.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00125-00046203-00046520 At the end of your voting experience, you can also take a selfie,
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00126-00046520-00046740 which you can share with your family and friends.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00127-00046820-00047035 So thank you for joining me on this tour.
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00128-00047035-00047260 I hope you'll come to the National Archives Museum
yQ2VxvL6J_0-00129-00047260-00047527 to see the Rightfully Hers exhibit in-person.
yTFFKNewXNI-00000-00000003-00000495 so on the menu here you'll see discussions and this is a great tool to
yTFFKNewXNI-00001-00000495-00000984 facilitate communication amongst your students you can create a prompt out of
yTFFKNewXNI-00002-00000984-00001287 it--a writing prompt--or writing assignment out of it you can attach
yTFFKNewXNI-00003-00001287-00002106 points to it it's also a great way for you to kind of use it as Q&A pool
yTFFKNewXNI-00004-00002106-00002598 so you can create a forum that says questions and answers here and you can
yTFFKNewXNI-00005-00002598-00003165 actually empower your students to answer each other's questions but again once
yTFFKNewXNI-00006-00003165-00003567 you click create forum similarly to all the other tools in blackboard you'll
yTFFKNewXNI-00007-00003567-00004012 give it a subject or a name and then you'll kind of enter your prompt here
yTFFKNewXNI-00008-00004012-00004592 and then down below here you can assign it points that you wanted to
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00000-00001100-00001350 My name is Gladys María Ruiz González.
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00001-00001400-00001800 I am the coordinator of the preventive healthcare program of the Christine King Cooperative. 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00002-00001900-00002200 How did the program do last year?
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00003-00002300-00003150 We reached out to children, women, adolescents with our program.
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00004-00003200-00003950 In 2016 with our preventive healthcare program
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00005-00004000-00005000 we explain the importance of health prevention through hygiene in order to avoid diseases.
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00006-00004800-00005650 So we reached out to approximately  300 children in barrios and rural communities.
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00007-00005700-00006550 These are very poor communities in the department of Estelí
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00008-00006600-00007300 where we accompany children in the prevention of health problems. 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00009-00007350-00008150 Besides giving education about hygiene,  we also provide material
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00010-00008200-00008500 like toothbrushes, toothpaste, anti-lice shampoo, 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00011-00008550-00008950 anti-parasite medicine, anti-mycotic cream, etc.
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00012-00009000-00009500 And we explain to the parents why this program is important.
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00013-00009550-00010350 Our doctor offered free medical consultations,
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00014-00010400-00011150 gynaecological check-ups, and during the whole year we offered 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00015-00011200-00011800 papanicolaou tests in order to detect cancer of the uterus.
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00016-00011850-00012350 28 women benefited from this test 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00017-00012400-00012900 and we gave follow up to women with a positive result. 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00018-00012950-00013250 So it is an important advantage for them to study 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00019-00013300-00013600 and at the same time to get health care. 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00020-00013650-00014000 The coordination with the Ministry of Health was excellent,
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00021-00014050-00014350 because we worked hand in hand.
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00022-00014400-00014950 They help us with the test results and we send them 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00023-00015000-00015450 the samples with our doctor who works in the health center. 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00024-00015600-00016500 Also important were the talks of general interest to the women students
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00025-00016550-00017650 about work issues, reproductive health, self esteem, etc.
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00026-00017700-00017900 What do you think about the future of the project?
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00027-00017700-00018600 I have a lot of expectations. 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00028-00018650-00019050 We would like to have more resources to be able to give more. 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00029-00019100-00019750 For example, some women need expensive specialized tests.
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00030-00019800-00020200 Sometimes, we don't have the resources to cover the program's costs. 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00031-00020250-00020650 The same for the supply in our little pharmacy,
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00032-00020680-00021000 because we help our women students with medicine. 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00033-00021050-00021350 We don't let them go with their diagnosis only, 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00034-00021380-00021680 but we also provide their treatment. 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00035-00021700-00022100 And we would like to have a permanent doctor, so the women students 
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00036-00022120-00022400 can get the medical attention they need at any time.
yX2NhDrMNzQ-00037-00022450-00022800 Ok. Thank you very much. - You are welcome.
yXGbQ5YtW-4-00000-00000008-00000488 being a human is hard especially if you're a woman who's also having trouble doing that totally
yXGbQ5YtW-4-00001-00000488-00000968 normal thing all humans do you make curly [__] let's just say garden of life's doctor formulated
yXGbQ5YtW-4-00002-00000968-00001552 women's probiotics contain 40 billion probiotics i'm proud of my pungent lady turds i defecate
yXGbQ5YtW-4-00003-00001552-00002192 like a 327 pound trucker after dinner at the old country buffet i love the noxious stench of her
yXGbQ5YtW-4-00004-00002192-00002808 granny droppings can't a sister squeeze one out before flush me look at [__] look for the garden
yXGbQ5YtW-4-00005-00002808-00003384 of life the number one probiotic that helps women number two i'm a proud feces feminist
yaKD94zk_Ru-00000-00000371-00001034 Bar Charts Vs Candlestick charts For hundreds of years, the Bar Chart has been
yaKD94zk_Ru-00001-00001034-00001587 one of the most preferred approaches to understand the trading behavior.
yaKD94zk_Ru-00002-00001587-00002627 There is no doubt that it is very easy to understand as it gives a column-wise pictorial
yaKD94zk_Ru-00003-00002627-00003180 representation of data, especially for opening and closing amount.
yaKD94zk_Ru-00004-00003180-00003385 However, is that enough?
yaKD94zk_Ru-00005-00003385-00003646 Well, it never is.
yaKD94zk_Ru-00006-00003646-00004196 Candlestick Chart, a Japanese approach is a much better approach than bar chart for
yaKD94zk_Ru-00007-00004196-00004401 the detail representation.
yaKD94zk_Ru-00008-00004401-00005158 It is very important to understand the answers of “Why” and “What” in trading and
yaKD94zk_Ru-00009-00005158-00005844 Candlestick charts give you the specific and appropriate answers for the same.
yaKD94zk_Ru-00010-00005844-00006838 The Candlestick chart is preferred because it includes the in-depth of the trading.
yaKD94zk_Ru-00011-00006838-00007516 The human emotions are very much a factor for the trading purpose and candlestick can
yaKD94zk_Ru-00012-00007516-00007745 help you to analyze that.
yaKD94zk_Ru-00013-00007745-00008370 The key success formula for trading is to anticipate and forecast the future of the
yaKD94zk_Ru-00014-00008370-00008470 trading.
yaKD94zk_Ru-00015-00008470-00009125 However, it goes without saying that past actions of the trading and the human emotions
yaKD94zk_Ru-00016-00009125-00009459 are integrated part of it.
yaKD94zk_Ru-00017-00009459-00010239 If you don’t know how to read and understand the candlestick chart then can always help
yaKD94zk_Ru-00018-00010239-00010559 you to do that from scratch.
yb2pg9amtQy-00000-00000076-00000496 [music]
yb2pg9amtQy-00001-00001786-00001850 Hi everyone.
yb2pg9amtQy-00002-00001850-00002105 My name is Joanna and I am one of the flamingo keepers
yb2pg9amtQy-00003-00002105-00002267 here at the Woodland Park Zoo.
yb2pg9amtQy-00004-00002320-00002699 And today I get to introduce you to 38 of my good friends.
yb2pg9amtQy-00005-00002699-00002927 We have our flock of Chilean flamingos
yb2pg9amtQy-00006-00002927-00003041 here right in front of you.
yb2pg9amtQy-00007-00003041-00003186 They're just enjoying their dinner.
yb2pg9amtQy-00008-00003299-00003604 And I've got Paco kind of right in front of me here.
yb2pg9amtQy-00009-00003604-00003878 He is one of our ambassador flamingos and he's about
yb2pg9amtQy-00010-00003878-00004253 three years old and pellets are one of his favorite things.
yb2pg9amtQy-00011-00004253-00004653 Pellets and krill. And so he is in his happy place.
yb2pg9amtQy-00012-00004743-00005063 And so some of our flamingos are actually
yb2pg9amtQy-00013-00005063-00005495 in their 40s our oldest will be 44 years old and older.
yb2pg9amtQy-00014-00005564-00005819 We actually don't know how old our oldest one is.
yb2pg9amtQy-00015-00005954-00006188 But flamingos in the wild and in zoos can
yb2pg9amtQy-00016-00006188-00006416 live to be well into their 50s, 60s,
yb2pg9amtQy-00017-00006545-00006851 the oldest flamingo on record actually made it to her 80s,
yb2pg9amtQy-00018-00006851-00007004 which is pretty crazy.
yb2pg9amtQy-00019-00007004-00007384 They are very long lived birds and they actually don't start
yb2pg9amtQy-00020-00007384-00007697 reproducing until they're about three or four years old
yb2pg9amtQy-00021-00007697-00007973 on average so they have a long life
yb2pg9amtQy-00022-00007973-00008387 and they actually will produce one egg and one chick per year.
yb2pg9amtQy-00023-00008450-00008624 True or false?
yb2pg9amtQy-00024-00008624-00008864 Flamingos are pink when they hatch.
yb2pg9amtQy-00025-00008916-00009018 False!
yb2pg9amtQy-00026-00009018-00009210 Flamingos are white and grey when they first
yb2pg9amtQy-00027-00009210-00009482 hatch out of the egg. They turn pink as they grow up.
yb2pg9amtQy-00028-00009627-00009909 So what I'm feeding them is some of the pellets
yb2pg9amtQy-00029-00009909-00010185 like I mentioned before and it allows for them
yb2pg9amtQy-00030-00010185-00010477 to get out on the water and feed naturally.
yb2pg9amtQy-00031-00010477-00010737 So in the wild they would be eating krill,
yb2pg9amtQy-00032-00010737-00010857 zooplankton, shrimp,
yb2pg9amtQy-00033-00010926-00011151 other small invertebrates and algae.
yb2pg9amtQy-00034-00011151-00011438 And here we give them the pellet and another
yb2pg9amtQy-00035-00011438-00011865 mixture which is behind me that allows them to filter feed.
yb2pg9amtQy-00036-00011916-00012183 So they're really really good at filtering through
yb2pg9amtQy-00037-00012183-00012462 water to get those nice little tasty
yb2pg9amtQy-00038-00012462-00012636 crustaceans and algae.
yb2pg9amtQy-00039-00012636-00012885 And another cool thing about Chilean flamingos
yb2pg9amtQy-00040-00012885-00013197 is that they actually get these really bright ankles.
yb2pg9amtQy-00041-00013197-00013419 So this is actually a flamingo’s ankle.
yb2pg9amtQy-00042-00013419-00013728 Their knees are located more up here and they're kind
yb2pg9amtQy-00043-00013728-00013841 of tucked under their feathers.
yb2pg9amtQy-00044-00013841-00014052 So it's kind of like they're all walking on their toes.
yb2pg9amtQy-00045-00014052-00014153 So they're not,
yb2pg9amtQy-00046-00014153-00014431 they don't really walk like we do with our flat foot.
yb2pg9amtQy-00047-00014431-00014634 They kind of are balanced up and walking
yb2pg9amtQy-00048-00014634-00014796 on their toes all the time.
yb2pg9amtQy-00049-00014796-00014972 True or false?
yb2pg9amtQy-00050-00014972-00015256 Flamingos are social animals.
yb2pg9amtQy-00051-00015356-00015497 True!
yb2pg9amtQy-00052-00015497-00015774 Flamingos live in large groups called flocks.
yb2pg9amtQy-00053-00015831-00016094 A flock of flamingos is called a stand, colony,
yb2pg9amtQy-00054-00016094-00016269 regiment, or flamboyance.
yb2pg9amtQy-00055-00016379-00016533 There are 38 flamingos in Woodland
yb2pg9amtQy-00056-00016533-00016685 Park Zoo's flamboyance!
yb2pg9amtQy-00057-00016806-00017055 They love to be in flocks, in large flocks.
yb2pg9amtQy-00058-00017055-00017385 So out in the wild you can see them in small groups
yb2pg9amtQy-00059-00017385-00017724 maybe even a little smaller than this up to flocks of tens
yb2pg9amtQy-00060-00017724-00017862 and hundreds of thousands.
yb2pg9amtQy-00061-00017862-00018136 It's very impressive seeing a whole group of them together.
yb2pg9amtQy-00062-00018249-00018549 They love being together so they have a pretty
yb2pg9amtQy-00063-00018549-00018855 unique social structure. They form friendships,
yb2pg9amtQy-00064-00018855-00018960 they form bonds,
yb2pg9amtQy-00065-00018960-00019314 they have birds that they might not get along with that well.
yb2pg9amtQy-00066-00019383-00019559 And they kind of hang out with their little cliques.
yb2pg9amtQy-00067-00019638-00019905 So they definitely have a more complex social
yb2pg9amtQy-00068-00019905-00020122 structure than what meets the eye.
yb2pg9amtQy-00069-00020122-00020337 But they also do dance like I mentioned
yb2pg9amtQy-00070-00020337-00020580 before and that's part of their courtship behavior.
yb2pg9amtQy-00071-00020580-00020907 So right about this time of year we see our flamingos
yb2pg9amtQy-00072-00020907-00021063 doing all sorts of fun things.
yb2pg9amtQy-00073-00021063-00021309 So they do what's called a wing salute.
yb2pg9amtQy-00074-00021309-00021627 So they’ll kind of just stick out their wings
yb2pg9amtQy-00075-00021627-00021804 and hold their head up high and they'll
yb2pg9amtQy-00076-00021804-00022032 flash a bright patch,
yb2pg9amtQy-00077-00022032-00022467 well a black patch on their wing and that's for displays
yb2pg9amtQy-00078-00022467-00022608 and communicating with one another.
yb2pg9amtQy-00079-00022788-00023013 And then they'll also do what's called marching.
yb2pg9amtQy-00080-00023013-00023249 So they'll kind of get really loud,
yb2pg9amtQy-00081-00023249-00023523 they’ll all start calling and they'll walk really,
yb2pg9amtQy-00082-00023523-00023844 really straight really quickly all in one big
yb2pg9amtQy-00083-00023844-00024213 close group and they’ll go back and forth being very loud.
yb2pg9amtQy-00084-00024213-00024492 It is kind of kind of intimidating when you look
yb2pg9amtQy-00085-00024492-00024675 up and you see a whole parade of flamingos
yb2pg9amtQy-00086-00024675-00024975 coming at you. So but it's really, really cool.
yb2pg9amtQy-00087-00024975-00025170 And then they also do what is called
yb2pg9amtQy-00088-00025170-00025251 the head flagging.
yb2pg9amtQy-00089-00025251-00025566 So if you're ever at the zoo and it's really quiet
yb2pg9amtQy-00090-00025566-00025710 in the flamingo yard and you're like, “Oh,
yb2pg9amtQy-00091-00025710-00025886 they're not really doing too much,”
yb2pg9amtQy-00092-00025982-00026226 if you take a minute and kind of watch their behavior
yb2pg9amtQy-00093-00026226-00026495 you might notice that some of them are kind
yb2pg9amtQy-00094-00026495-00026692 of going back and forth with their head like that.
yb2pg9amtQy-00095-00026748-00026939 And that is all part of a display.
yb2pg9amtQy-00096-00026939-00027081 So they're all communicating,
yb2pg9amtQy-00097-00027081-00027318 they're just not always as vocal about it.
yb2pg9amtQy-00098-00027432-00027680 They also do a funny dance move called the “twist preen.”
yb2pg9amtQy-00099-00027680-00027897 So they'll take their head and they’ll kind of turn
yb2pg9amtQy-00100-00027897-00028089 it behind their back and they'll act like they're
yb2pg9amtQy-00101-00028089-00028401 preening and then they'll kind of dip and come back up.
yb2pg9amtQy-00102-00028401-00028698 So, they have a whole repertoire of fun
yb2pg9amtQy-00103-00028698-00028798 things that they do.
yb2pg9amtQy-00104-00028875-00029092 Although flamingos live down in South America,
yb2pg9amtQy-00105-00029092-00029349 there are things that we can do right here in Washington
yb2pg9amtQy-00106-00029349-00029562 to help preserve waterways and wetlands
yb2pg9amtQy-00107-00029562-00029742 that birds like flamingos and other
yb2pg9amtQy-00108-00029742-00029858 animals use to survive.
yb2pg9amtQy-00109-00029913-00030227 So some of the ideas that you can do are to reduce
yb2pg9amtQy-00110-00030227-00030486 your pesticide use and to conserve your
yb2pg9amtQy-00111-00030486-00030591 water usage as well.
yb2pg9amtQy-00112-00030591-00030968 If you want some more ideas you can head over to zoo.org
yb2pg9amtQy-00113-00030968-00031208 and thank you for joining us today.
yb2pg9amtQy-00114-00031312-00031733 [music]