vH5wJLAKPAY-00000-00000090-00000648 On January 1st, the tradition is to have a new year’s wish.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00001-00000648-00000922 Can I make a request?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00002-00000922-00001320 That your wish be not for you?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00003-00001320-00001586 Can your wish be for God first this time?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00004-00001586-00002199 What is your wish for Jesus this new year’s?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00005-00002199-00002834 And once you’ve made your wish for Jesus, may your next wish be for others, for those
vH5wJLAKPAY-00006-00002834-00003157 who have no one wishing for them…
vH5wJLAKPAY-00007-00003157-00003382 For those who have been forgotten…
vH5wJLAKPAY-00008-00003382-00003578 For those who have no friends…
vH5wJLAKPAY-00009-00003578-00003774 For those who lost their friends…
vH5wJLAKPAY-00010-00003774-00003915 Make a wish for them.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00011-00003915-00004505 And when you have made your wish for them, you may then make a wish for yourself.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00012-00004505-00004635 Make a wish that is just for you.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00013-00004635-00004938 Make your personal wish last because it is more favorable
vH5wJLAKPAY-00014-00004938-00005272 to make a wish a for God and to make a wish for others.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00015-00005272-00005594 What is my wish for Jesus?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00016-00005594-00006146 I wish to there’d be no one cursing at Him.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00017-00006146-00006608 What is my wish for Jesus?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00018-00006608-00006776 I wish for everyone to have in Him.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00019-00006776-00007087 What is my wish for Jesus?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00020-00007087-00007351 For all to worship Him…
vH5wJLAKPAY-00021-00007351-00007509 Kneel before Him…
vH5wJLAKPAY-00022-00007509-00007742 And to recognize Him as our God…
vH5wJLAKPAY-00023-00007742-00008165 That without Him, we are nothing.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00024-00008165-00008549 Those are my wishes for Jesus.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00025-00008549-00008894 What is my wish for the people?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00026-00008894-00008994 Kapayapaan.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00027-00008994-00009094 Peace.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00028-00009094-00009220 What is meant by peace?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00029-00009220-00009320 Right relationships.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00030-00009320-00009445 What is meant by peace?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00031-00009445-00009545 Good relations.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00032-00009545-00009983 Relationships where Jesus stands in the middle.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00033-00009983-00010617 What is my wish for myself?.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00034-00010617-00010974 It is no longer important what my wish is for myself?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00035-00010974-00011313 As long as I can see that people are worshipping God…
vH5wJLAKPAY-00036-00011313-00011822 As long as I can people are at peace…
vH5wJLAKPAY-00037-00011822-00012007 Then that makes me happy.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00038-00012007-00012111 My wish becomes that.
vH5wJLAKPAY-00039-00012111-00012224 How about you?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00040-00012224-00012425 What is your wish for Jesus?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00041-00012425-00012703 What is your wish for others?
vH5wJLAKPAY-00042-00012703-00013025 What is your wish for yourself?
vJdbk8V-tsu-00000-00001050-00001432 Hello everyone welcome to Open Source Cook.
vJdbk8V-tsu-00001-00001520-00002276 This is the next video after our discussion about how to create archives and compressed files.
vJdbk8V-tsu-00002-00002386-00003034 Today we are going to see the preferred format that people use for compression and archiving
vJdbk8V-tsu-00003-00003076-00003250 in a Linux system
vJdbk8V-tsu-00004-00003308-00003518 So there are two things
vJdbk8V-tsu-00005-00003544-00004216 one is archiving, in which you can take a lot of files and put them into a single file
vJdbk8V-tsu-00006-00004276-00004632 This is in general you can call it as an archive.
vJdbk8V-tsu-00007-00004688-00004918 So there is a utility called as TAR
vJdbk8V-tsu-00008-00004952-00005156 Which is a tape archiving utility..
vJdbk8V-tsu-00009-00005184-00005962 of course you won't be using it to write on tapes in a home PC or a desktop but
vJdbk8V-tsu-00010-00006022-00006645 But it can be used to create archives which can hold your multiple files
vJdbk8V-tsu-00011-00006673-00007159 this is sometimes useful when you want to send hundreds of files over to someone on the
vJdbk8V-tsu-00012-00007192-00007434 on net or by email
vJdbk8V-tsu-00013-00007492-00007931 One thing to keep in mind is  TAR does not create any kind of compression
vJdbk8V-tsu-00014-00008036-00008640 So the two preferred compression utilities that are available on Linux are
vJdbk8V-tsu-00015-00008712-00009016 The gzip compression or the Bzip compression
vJdbk8V-tsu-00016-00009108-00009286 So let us have a look at
vJdbk8V-tsu-00017-00009308-00009852 these two utilities or rather these three things how to create the archives
vJdbk8V-tsu-00018-00009870-00010424 how to create the compressed archives as well as if you have single files how you
vJdbk8V-tsu-00019-00010458-00010730 can just compress a single file
vJdbk8V-tsu-00020-00010804-00011004 So let's get started
vJdbk8V-tsu-00021-00011042-00011242 so over here I have some
vJdbk8V-tsu-00022-00011264-00011930 files which have copied and with this we will be demonstrating the compression part
vJdbk8V-tsu-00023-00011978-00012560 So let us say I want to compress certain files and I want to
vJdbk8V-tsu-00024-00012582-00013215 or rather I want to create an archive let's start by creating an archive first so I'm going
vJdbk8V-tsu-00025-00013216-00013532 to select few of these files
vJdbk8V-tsu-00026-00013569-00014244 I'll also take one of these files fine now I'll
vJdbk8V-tsu-00027-00014272-00015113 I will archive of this by saying create archive and I'm just going to use tar
vJdbk8V-tsu-00028-00015180-00015796 So let's create this so now you can notice that we have created a tar
vJdbk8V-tsu-00029-00015813-00016060 Now which consists of all these files
vJdbk8V-tsu-00030-00016126-00016442 A copy of all these files is inside your tar
vJdbk8V-tsu-00031-00016480-00016776 This is 2.8 MB approximately
vJdbk8V-tsu-00032-00016816-00017234 and if we see the property of all these files and
vJdbk8V-tsu-00033-00017256-00017490 these are also 2.8 MB
vJdbk8V-tsu-00034-00017490-00017992 so you can notice that the tar does not create any kind of compression
vJdbk8V-tsu-00035-00018016-00018066 So
vJdbk8V-tsu-00036-00018102-00018676 obviously when you're sending a huge amount of data over the net you want it to be compressed
vJdbk8V-tsu-00037-00018726-00018888 So how do we compress it?
vJdbk8V-tsu-00038-00018960-00019238 Well with the same set of files selected
vJdbk8V-tsu-00039-00019238-00019452 right click create archive
vJdbk8V-tsu-00040-00019452-00019940 and this time I will select the tar.gz
vJdbk8V-tsu-00041-00019990-00020220 So now what is going to happen is system in the background is
vJdbk8V-tsu-00042-00020220-00020628 going to create a tar file and then compress it with gzip compression
vJdbk8V-tsu-00043-00020682-00020876 so let's create that
vJdbk8V-tsu-00044-00020942-00021644 so our ta.gzip is created which is approximately 1 MB right not showing in kilobytes
vJdbk8V-tsu-00045-00021726-00021988 another compression that I said bzip
vJdbk8V-tsu-00046-00022050-00022354 is there let's create an archive from that also
vJdbk8V-tsu-00047-00022490-00023024 and this time I am going to use the Bzip2 that is for your bzip compression
vJdbk8V-tsu-00048-00023094-00023544 and here it has created the bzip archive also
vJdbk8V-tsu-00049-00023578-00023924 Ok so this way you can create your archives
vJdbk8V-tsu-00050-00023946-00024444 if you want to extract the process is same you can just right click and extract it
vJdbk8V-tsu-00051-00024514-00025190 Now let us try archiving a single.. rather compressing a single file
vJdbk8V-tsu-00052-00025224-00025688 so suppose you have a real big simplify like over here this is around
vJdbk8V-tsu-00053-00025733-00026204 800 kilobytes file and I want to compress this so...
vJdbk8V-tsu-00054-00026245-00026694 I will again go to create archive and this time I'm just going to select either gzip
vJdbk8V-tsu-00055-00026694-00027220 Or bzip so first let us try this this gzip and let's say create
vJdbk8V-tsu-00056-00027294-00027756 So gzip is created this is around 2-0-4 kilobytes
vJdbk8V-tsu-00057-00027788-00028427 and then the next one again on the same one I will do is a bzip compression
vJdbk8V-tsu-00058-00028502-00028882 So this time I'm going to select Bzip
vJdbk8V-tsu-00059-00029086-00029430 so here bz2 and let us create this
vJdbk8V-tsu-00060-00029489-00029752 so now it has also created the bzip compression..
vJdbk8V-tsu-00061-00029830-00030030 So bzip in general provides
vJdbk8V-tsu-00062-00030052-00030214 a bit better compression
vJdbk8V-tsu-00063-00030266-00030618 compared to the other things..
vJdbk8V-tsu-00064-00030686-00031108 but it takes a bit more time to compress
vJdbk8V-tsu-00065-00031139-00031464 so if you are going to compress a lot of files
vJdbk8V-tsu-00066-00031518-00031744 then there will be a trade-off between your
vJdbk8V-tsu-00067-00031776-00032438 time and compression so you'll have to decide whether you want to go for gzip or bzip
vJdbk8V-tsu-00068-00032472-00033228 but if the files are not too much or the size is not so much so it hardly matters which compression you use
vJdbk8V-tsu-00069-00033304-00033814 so another thing that I would like to add is
vJdbk8V-tsu-00070-00033834-00034114 once you start working into the Linux world a
vJdbk8V-tsu-00071-00034152-00034784 lot of people will be sharing their code content and other things in tar files so
vJdbk8V-tsu-00072-00034812-00035118 these tar files are also referred as tar balls
vJdbk8V-tsu-00073-00035150-00035352 yes you heard me right tar balls
vJdbk8V-tsu-00074-00035406-00035986 and these are these could be simply the tar or these compressed tars
vJdbk8V-tsu-00075-00036020-00036765 sometimes the gzip compression or the compressed files are also given as tgz so those are
vJdbk8V-tsu-00076-00036766-00037243 also tar balls so just to inform you if someone is
vJdbk8V-tsu-00077-00037243-00037754 talking about a tarball they are actually referring to this tar files
vJdbk8V-tsu-00078-00037874-00038608 So try out different compression and see what suits you feel free to use these
vJdbk8V-tsu-00079-00038608-00039244 utilities and once you're in the Linux world use gzip and bzip compression
vJdbk8V-tsu-00080-00039244-00039408 more and more
vJdbk8V-tsu-00081-00039480-00039634 hope you enjoyed this video
vJdbk8V-tsu-00082-00039702-00039906 Do subscribe to my channel
vJdbk8V-tsu-00083-00039960-00040342 For further new videos and updates
vJdbk8V-tsu-00084-00040444-00040644 Thanks for watching the video
vJAyKkekWMY-00007-00004005-00004705 "WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO ME TO BE THE CAPTAIN OF THE USS NEW YORK ON 9-11? IT IS A HUGE
vJAyKkekWMY-00008-00006970-00007498 HONOR. IT IS SOMETHING THAT I'VE REMEMBERED SINCE THE ATTACKS HAPPENED ON 9-11. I WAS
vJAyKkekWMY-00009-00007498-00008003 ON THE BRIDGE OF THE USS
vJAyKkekWMY-00010-00008003-00008367 ENTERPRISE, DEPLOYED, WATCHING THE ATTACKS UNFURL OVER THE TELEVISION. WE TURNED AROUND
vJAyKkekWMY-00011-00008367-00009067 TO RESPOND. OUR WORLD CHANGED THAT DAY, EVERYTHING CHANGED, ALL AROUND THE WORLD. TO BE IN A
vJAyKkekWMY-00012-00009352-00009417 PLACE, TO BE ON
vJAyKkekWMY-00013-00009417-00010088 A SHIP SUCH AS THE NEY YORK, WITH THE STEEL OF THE WORLD TRADE CENTER FORMED INTO OUR
vJAyKkekWMY-00014-00010088-00010667 BOW. A SHIP THAT'S MOTTO IS STRENGTH, FORCE YOU SACRIFICE, NEVER FORGET. TO BE HERE WHERE
vJAyKkekWMY-00015-00010667-00010759 WE NEVER FORGET
vJAyKkekWMY-00016-00010759-00011384 EVERY DAY. WHERE WE REMEMBER THE SACRIFICES THAT OUR MILITARY MEMBERS MADE, OUR FIRST
vJAyKkekWMY-00017-00011384-00012084 RESPONDERS MADE, CIVILIANS ON THE AIRPLANES MADE ON 9-11-01. IT IS THE REASON THAT I CONTINUE
vJAyKkekWMY-00018-00012090-00012265 TO SERVE. ITS
vJAyKkekWMY-00019-00012265-00012955 HUMBLING AT THE SAME TIME, I GET SUCH A SENSE OF PRIDE WHEN I LOOK OUT AT THE CREW, THE
vJAyKkekWMY-00020-00012955-00013419 SAILORS AND THE MARINES THAT SERVE ON THIS SHIP AND ALL OF THE SHIPS OF OUR FLEET, THEY'RE
vJAyKkekWMY-00021-00013419-00013538 DEDICATED,
vJAyKkekWMY-00022-00013538-00014076 THEY'RE DETERMINED THEY'RE GOING TO CONTINUE TO SEE THAT THOSE TYPES OF TRAGEDIES NEVER
vJAyKkekWMY-00023-00014076-00014518 HAPPEN AGAIN. I AM SO PROUD AND HONORED TOBE ABLE TO SERVE HERE WITH SUCH GREAT YOUNG PROFESSIONALS.
vJAyKkekWMY-00024-00014518-00015090 CONTINUING TO DO WHAT OUR NATION NEEDS US TO DO TO TRY TO KEEP OUR CIVILIANS, OUR CITIZENS,
vJAyKkekWMY-00025-00015090-00015528 OUR COUNTRY SAFE. THIS IS THE BEST PLACE IN THE WORLD TO BE, THE BEST JOB IN THE NAVY
vJAyKkekWMY-00026-00015528-00015553 AND I COULDN'T BE
vJAyKkekWMY-00027-00015529-00015554 PROUDER OF IT."
vJEU_aJ2010-00000-00000000-00000088 K/DA - THE BADDEST | ft. @Cynziax , @T'WHITE
vJEU_aJ2010-00001-00000088-00000165 Baddest do
vJEU_aJ2010-00002-00000165-00000344 What the baddest do
vJEU_aJ2010-00003-00000344-00000502 The baddest do
vJEU_aJ2010-00004-00000502-00000698 We the baddest ooh
vJEU_aJ2010-00005-00000698-00000830 Baddest do
vJEU_aJ2010-00006-00000830-00000990 What the baddest do
vJEU_aJ2010-00007-00000990-00001152 The baddest do
vJEU_aJ2010-00008-00001152-00001256 We the baddest
vJEU_aJ2010-00009-00001256-00001418 Coming at you live
vJEU_aJ2010-00010-00001418-00001561 Real real wild
vJEU_aJ2010-00011-00001561-00001708 Here to light it up
vJEU_aJ2010-00012-00001708-00001887 Set the world on fire
vJEU_aJ2010-00013-00001887-00002122 Gonna break rules
vJEU_aJ2010-00014-00002122-00002280 And hearts in twos
vJEU_aJ2010-00015-00002280-00002537 'Cause that's what the baddest do
vJEU_aJ2010-00016-00002537-00002688 Never going back
vJEU_aJ2010-00017-00002688-00002872 Nah not that
vJEU_aJ2010-00018-00002872-00002976 Diamonds on drip
vJEU_aJ2010-00019-00002976-00003178 'Cause I came to make a splash
vJEU_aJ2010-00020-00003178-00003407 Gonna break rules
vJEU_aJ2010-00021-00003407-00003559 And hearts in twos
vJEU_aJ2010-00022-00003559-00003858 'Cause that's what the baddest do
vJEU_aJ2010-00023-00003868-00004017 I spit heat, I melt your face off
vJEU_aJ2010-00024-00004017-00004180 Disappear, I'm your eraser
vJEU_aJ2010-00025-00004180-00004339 In the cut just like a razor
vJEU_aJ2010-00026-00004339-00004500 Murder business, where my blazer
vJEU_aJ2010-00027-00004500-00004652 I got all the boys on me
vJEU_aJ2010-00028-00004652-00004821 I got all the lines on ring
vJEU_aJ2010-00029-00004821-00004933 Knock 'em dead, turnin' heads
vJEU_aJ2010-00030-00004933-00005126 I got all the eyes on me
vJEU_aJ2010-00031-00005158-00005243 Pretty face
vJEU_aJ2010-00032-00005243-00005330 걸어들어와
vJEU_aJ2010-00033-00005352-00005451 유행 선두자
vJEU_aJ2010-00034-00005456-00005656 원하지만 못하잖아
vJEU_aJ2010-00035-00005673-00005779 애가 타잖아
vJEU_aJ2010-00036-00005790-00005990 You like "whoa" KALI you the GOAT
vJEU_aJ2010-00037-00005990-00006089 난 알지 I know
vJEU_aJ2010-00038-00006106-00006306 준비해 'cause I like to ball
vJEU_aJ2010-00039-00006306-00006411 멈추지 않아
vJEU_aJ2010-00040-00006440-00006618 나는 lit 크게 like a bit
vJEU_aJ2010-00041-00006618-00006757 그거 말고 byte
vJEU_aJ2010-00042-00006757-00006895 믿어봐 큰 만큼 크게
vJEU_aJ2010-00043-00006895-00007048 어깨 펴고 high
vJEU_aJ2010-00044-00007048-00007364 백 퍼센트 덤비지 못해 죽여주잖아
vJEU_aJ2010-00045-00007364-00007564 나는 boss 간지 with the sauce
vJEU_aJ2010-00046-00007564-00007703 원하면 줄게
vJEU_aJ2010-00047-00007755-00007875 I'm doing damage
vJEU_aJ2010-00048-00007875-00008043 Went just how I planned it
vJEU_aJ2010-00049-00008043-00008296 I do what I want when I say
vJEU_aJ2010-00050-00008356-00008519 모두 날 따라 해
vJEU_aJ2010-00051-00008519-00008678 난 끝내주잖아
vJEU_aJ2010-00052-00008699-00008899 To live on the edge of insane
vJEU_aJ2010-00053-00008945-00009102 Coming at you live
vJEU_aJ2010-00054-00009117-00009237 Real real wild
vJEU_aJ2010-00055-00009267-00009380 Here to light it up
vJEU_aJ2010-00056-00009382-00009582 Set the world on fire
vJEU_aJ2010-00057-00009593-00009793 Gonna break rules
vJEU_aJ2010-00058-00009803-00009960 And hearts in twos
vJEU_aJ2010-00059-00009982-00010182 'Cause that's what the baddest do
vJEU_aJ2010-00060-00010237-00010386 Never going back
vJEU_aJ2010-00061-00010393-00010500 Nah not that
vJEU_aJ2010-00062-00010551-00010657 Diamonds on drip
vJEU_aJ2010-00063-00010668-00010861 'Cause I came to make a splash
vJEU_aJ2010-00064-00010871-00011071 Gonna break rules
vJEU_aJ2010-00065-00011072-00011250 And hearts in twos
vJEU_aJ2010-00066-00011261-00011461 'Cause that's what the baddest do
vJEU_aJ2010-00067-00011461-00011647 IT'S CRAZY
vJEU_aJ2010-00068-00011652-00011823 Sorry for the bad news
vJEU_aJ2010-00069-00011827-00011962 Sorry I'm so bad
vJEU_aJ2010-00070-00011991-00012140 Only took a minute for me
vJEU_aJ2010-00071-00012140-00012277 To get what you had
vJEU_aJ2010-00072-00012303-00012474 Sorry for the bad news
vJEU_aJ2010-00073-00012474-00012594 Know it makes you sad
vJEU_aJ2010-00074-00012626-00012761 I'll be here for a minute
vJEU_aJ2010-00075-00012761-00012860 Baby you should pack your bags
vJEU_aJ2010-00076-00012860-00013018 Way that I look should be breaking the law
vJEU_aJ2010-00077-00013018-00013180 If I don't got it, I take what I want
vJEU_aJ2010-00078-00013180-00013335 My circle small like a round of applause
vJEU_aJ2010-00079-00013335-00013497 You know that I love the sound of applause
vJEU_aJ2010-00080-00013497-00013664 You know I mean everything that I say
vJEU_aJ2010-00081-00013664-00013832 When you see me coming get out of the way
vJEU_aJ2010-00082-00013832-00013953 I came to slay, I came to slay
vJEU_aJ2010-00083-00013953-00014113 Back and I'm better and ready to stay
vJEU_aJ2010-00084-00014141-00014283 I'm doing damage
vJEU_aJ2010-00085-00014290-00014440 Went just how I planned it
vJEU_aJ2010-00086-00014446-00014646 I do what I want when I say
vJEU_aJ2010-00087-00014754-00014897 모두 날 따라 해
vJEU_aJ2010-00088-00014897-00015067 난 끝내주잖아
vJEU_aJ2010-00089-00015090-00015319 To live on the edge of insane
vJEU_aJ2010-00090-00015331-00015451 IT'S CRAZY
vJEU_aJ2010-00091-00015451-00015612 Sorry, not sorry for being the best
vJEU_aJ2010-00092-00015612-00015780 언제든지 내가 좀 해
vJEU_aJ2010-00093-00015780-00015946 Look at the gold all on my chest
vJEU_aJ2010-00094-00015946-00016135 Look at the gold, call it a flex
vJEU_aJ2010-00095-00016698-00016898 Original : K/DA - THE BADDEST ft. (G)I-DLE, Bea Miller, Wolftyla (Official Lyric Video) | League of Legends
vJEU_aJ2010-00096-00016898-00017141 ♥ Thank you ♥ Mix: Cynziax Voice: Cynziax, T'WHITE
vJEU_aJ2010-00097-00017253-00017453 Art: T'WHITE Edit: T'WHITE
vLCGTcd6pLu-00000-00000000-00000501 Welcome to my video
vLCGTcd6pLu-00001-00000505-00001000 Thank you for this video view
vLCGTcd6pLu-00002-00001000-00001508 Like, sub, share, support my channel.
vLCGTcd6pLu-00003-00001516-00002000 Thank you very much
vLDmRtLdDIA-00000-00000000-00002669 144BPM F#Minor
vOlOrxW_AzI-00000-00003469-00003703 be champ-
vOlOrxW_AzI-00001-00004003-00004300 thanks 4 watching
vOSQFyIEcyc-00000-00001320-00001640 We're in the narrow streets of Kalymnos
vOSQFyIEcyc-00001-00001910-00002378 Will buy some benzin soon
vOSQFyIEcyc-00002-00002384-00002561 There aren't any pavements
vOSQFyIEcyc-00003-00002629-00002816 So people are also on the streets
vOSQFyIEcyc-00004-00002980-00003443 We're trying to climb up the castle
vOSQFyIEcyc-00005-00003446-00004004 We arrived at the ruins of Chrysocheira Castle ( Pera Kastro)
vOSQFyIEcyc-00006-00004504-00004991 There is a view of Pothia Harbour and some sailboats
vOSQFyIEcyc-00007-00006461-00006725 Here is one of the beaches in Mirties
vOSQFyIEcyc-00008-00006820-00007285 Just pay for what you eat and drink
vOSQFyIEcyc-00009-00007575-00008225 By the way noone mumps if you don't have raki & fish
vOSQFyIEcyc-00010-00008327-00008637 I want to talk about an important aspect of Kalymnos
vOSQFyIEcyc-00011-00008665-00009373 Years ago it was discovered as a good place for rock climbing by Italian climbers
vOSQFyIEcyc-00012-00009400-00009812 Then it has become a famous point for rock climbing
vOSQFyIEcyc-00013-00009838-00010363 There are lots of facilities, shops, campsites,etc for climbers.
vOSQFyIEcyc-00014-00010423-00010867 Besides there will be a rock climbing fest on 4-6 October
vOSQFyIEcyc-00015-00010892-00011372 You can google 'Rock climbing in Kalymnos'
vOSQFyIEcyc-00016-00011398-00012078 There are signs on the roads for the climbers
vOSQFyIEcyc-00017-00012271-00012896 - TELENDOS ISLAND -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00018-00013174-00013912 - TELENDOS ISLAND -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00019-00018446-00018909 - TELENDOS ISLAND -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00020-00022003-00023089 - MIRTIES AND MASOURI -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00021-00023265-00024317 - MASOURI -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00022-00029169-00030316 - MASOURI -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00023-00032326-00033448 - KASTELLI -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00024-00033644-00034707 - KASTELLI -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00025-00035574-00036003 Here is Arginonta
vOSQFyIEcyc-00026-00036006-00036453 There are a few tavernas with free sunbeds and parasols
vOSQFyIEcyc-00027-00036504-00036980 These beautiful pebbles remind me of Konyaalti, Antalya
vOSQFyIEcyc-00028-00036983-00037263 I think we'll have gyros pita here
vOSQFyIEcyc-00029-00037503-00037921 Mert takes a nap
vOSQFyIEcyc-00030-00039743-00040004 Kalimera:)
vOSQFyIEcyc-00031-00040300-00040573 What have you done so far Mert?
vOSQFyIEcyc-00032-00040611-00041193 First we rented a 150 cc motorbike for 15 €
vOSQFyIEcyc-00033-00041769-00042058 ...and 6 € of benzin
vOSQFyIEcyc-00034-00042315-00043004 There are two castles.One has wind mills,
vOSQFyIEcyc-00035-00043018-00043351 the other has chapels (Castle of Chora)
vOSQFyIEcyc-00036-00043364-00044094 We had drone shootings but unfortunately they were deleted by mistake
vOSQFyIEcyc-00037-00044101-00044726 They were hard to climb, we are sorry now..Whatsoever..We saw at least
vOSQFyIEcyc-00038-00044748-00045287 Mirties and Masouri towns were lively and good for the young
vOSQFyIEcyc-00039-00045597-00046252 They are crowded with beautiful beaches
vOSQFyIEcyc-00040-00046497-00047253 Here is Arginonta. More peaceful.Clear sea
vOSQFyIEcyc-00041-00047425-00047849 Meanwhile thanks to gods I'm drinking Alfa
vOSQFyIEcyc-00042-00047878-00048129 The best in Greece!
vOSQFyIEcyc-00043-00048176-00048602 Can you see the climbers over there?
vOSQFyIEcyc-00044-00049360-00049825 Agia Theodoros Church
vOSQFyIEcyc-00045-00049911-00050483 I admire these well kept and clean graves
vOSQFyIEcyc-00046-00051265-00052349 - Rina village at Vathy -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00047-00053455-00053890 Here is the last village , Rina in the area of Vathy
vOSQFyIEcyc-00048-00053918-00054525 Actually this is a fjord
vOSQFyIEcyc-00049-00056760-00056941 Mert is after loukumades
vOSQFyIEcyc-00050-00057438-00057757 Here you can find everything
vOSQFyIEcyc-00051-00058645-00058801 What's up Mert?
vOSQFyIEcyc-00052-00058817-00059289 We're having loukumades / lokma
vOSQFyIEcyc-00053-00059339-00059886 You can have it either with chocolate or honey, etc
vOSQFyIEcyc-00054-00059983-00060229 Yummy
vOSQFyIEcyc-00055-00060251-00061041 You can anchor at Vathy fjord and tie to the pier
vOSQFyIEcyc-00056-00061187-00061607 There are tavernas, for example To Limanaki
vOSQFyIEcyc-00057-00061683-00062357 That sailboat has come alongside the rocks. Incredible:)
vOSQFyIEcyc-00058-00062360-00063193 Since there are interesting caves and beaches around renting canoes is popular here
vOSQFyIEcyc-00059-00063819-00064947 - The fjord of Vathy -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00060-00065728-00066581 - VATHY -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00061-00066933-00067916 - VATHY -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00062-00069137-00070376 - VATHY -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00063-00072528-00073073 - VATHY -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00064-00075183-00075545 We came from there, Pserimos is behind that thin cape
vOSQFyIEcyc-00065-00075602-00076077 Kos is ahead there. Here are fish farms
vOSQFyIEcyc-00066-00076119-00076407 You can also anchor here
vOSQFyIEcyc-00067-00076434-00077245 - POTHIA -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00068-00077735-00078623 - POTHIA -
vOSQFyIEcyc-00069-00079549-00079887 Morning! It's about 8.30
vOSQFyIEcyc-00070-00079923-00080419 We gave back the bike when we woke up
vOSQFyIEcyc-00071-00080484-00081075 The rental was closed we left the key on the bike
vOSQFyIEcyc-00072-00081161-00081650 Then we went to the port police to have an exit
vOSQFyIEcyc-00073-00081659-00082305 You have to inform the port police at the main harbours
vOSQFyIEcyc-00074-00082524-00083360 No matter when you leave , you have to inform the entrance and the exit
vOSQFyIEcyc-00075-00083673-00084355 After leaving the main harbour we'll visit some coves and the Island Telendos
vOSQFyIEcyc-00076-00084537-00084786 Bye Pothia,Kalymnos
vOSQFyIEcyc-00077-00086619-00087045 Look, the port police is on the starboard
vOSQFyIEcyc-00078-00087054-00087932 Here you can see the local people out all the time,they like socialising
vOSQFyIEcyc-00079-00087948-00088209 Of course they have to work
vOSQFyIEcyc-00080-00090584-00091070 Our first stop is Vlichadia, must be very popular for the boats
vOSQFyIEcyc-00081-00091342-00091883 Vlichadia looks at the west but it's close to Meltemi
vOSQFyIEcyc-00082-00091926-00092283 There are some tavernas
vOSQFyIEcyc-00083-00092448-00092653 The weather is cloudy today
vOSQFyIEcyc-00084-00092716-00093032 There are some Turkish boats, water is clear
vOSQFyIEcyc-00085-00093039-00093496 We've anchored at 5 meters, the bottom is sandy with some weed
vOSQFyIEcyc-00086-00093715-00094033 Passing closer by Telendos Island
vOSQFyIEcyc-00087-00095252-00095681 Empoiros is there
vOSQFyIEcyc-00088-00095812-00096126 This cove is on the north coast of the island
vOSQFyIEcyc-00089-00096183-00097059 Kalymnos has a rocky form with caves
vOSQFyIEcyc-00090-00097153-00097902 Empoiros is deep so they have buoys
vOSQFyIEcyc-00091-00098660-00099192 We've tied to Artistico restaurant's buoy (But prefer Kaptan Kostas)
vOSQFyIEcyc-00092-00099697-00100066 There are lots of buoys
vOSQFyIEcyc-00093-00100145-00100559 Tie one of them and have good meal at the restaurants
vOSQFyIEcyc-00094-00101809-00102402 Doris junior has taken us to the land
vOSQFyIEcyc-00095-00103226-00103959 That fisherman returns to tie the buoy next to us
vOSQFyIEcyc-00096-00104891-00105398 Hi everybody with Barbagianni from Dreamcatcher Restaurant*
vOSQFyIEcyc-00097-00105431-00105736 We prefer Barbagianni green, it's more aromatic
vOSQFyIEcyc-00098-00105816-00106336 By the way ouzo and raki aren't the same. Ouzo is made of ani, raki is made of anise
vOSQFyIEcyc-00099-00106861-00107228 We started with ouzo
vOSQFyIEcyc-00100-00107285-00107624 We'll have mousakka
vOSQFyIEcyc-00101-00107657-00107837 and of course grilled feta
vOSQFyIEcyc-00102-00108087-00108390 ...and salad. What about the prices?
vOSQFyIEcyc-00103-00108455-00108663 20 cl ouzo 7 €
vOSQFyIEcyc-00104-00108852-00109138 It makes four doubles
vOSQFyIEcyc-00105-00109542-00110001 Mousakka is 8 €
vOSQFyIEcyc-00106-00110521-00110850 Greek salad 7 €
vOSQFyIEcyc-00107-00110864-00111184 We don't prefer mermizelli tonight, we dind't like it at all
vOSQFyIEcyc-00108-00111268-00111663 Feta in the oven 5 €
vOSQFyIEcyc-00109-00111847-00112367 I haven't checked but papalina (small fish) should be 10 € or so
vOSQFyIEcyc-00110-00112379-00113248 The bill can be 35 €.. Such a good athmosphere, 1 meter to the sea!
vOSQFyIEcyc-00111-00113369-00113661 It's getting dark
vOSQFyIEcyc-00112-00113697-00114095 Hot resinous bread
vOSQFyIEcyc-00113-00114114-00114717 Home made bread special of here
vOSQFyIEcyc-00114-00114969-00115175 I haven't tasted resinous bread before
vOSQFyIEcyc-00115-00115515-00115767 The other one is normal home made bread
vOSQFyIEcyc-00116-00116054-00116578 This is Greek salad you can recognize it from the huge feta cheese on it
vOSQFyIEcyc-00117-00116583-00116906 Just 7 €
vOSQFyIEcyc-00118-00116955-00117503 Here is the half of papalina plate
vOSQFyIEcyc-00119-00117566-00118027 We have swallowed the feta and the salad
vOSQFyIEcyc-00120-00118122-00118443 Here is the mousakka and a cat:)
vY074lgK-Ig-00000-00000700-00000852 We are Mobile Locker.
vY074lgK-Ig-00002-00000902-00001058 We develop mobile, intelligent locker systems
vY074lgK-Ig-00003-00001058-00001108 We develop mobile, intelligent locker systems
vY074lgK-Ig-00004-00001116-00001250 that you can use in all kinds of applications.
vY074lgK-Ig-00005-00001250-00001300 that you can use in all kinds of applications.
vY074lgK-Ig-00007-00001360-00001500 This could be beaches, ski resorts,
vY074lgK-Ig-00008-00001500-00001600 but also festivals and events.
vY074lgK-Ig-00012-00001966-00002050 The lockers can be used to charge your cellphone or pick up a parcel.
vY074lgK-Ig-00013-00002050-00002100 The lockers can be used to charge your cellphone  or pick up a parcel.
vY074lgK-Ig-00014-00002100-00002200 The lockers can be used to charge your cellphone  or pick up a parcel.
vY074lgK-Ig-00015-00002200-00002300 The lockers can be used to charge your cellphone  or pick up a parcel.
vY074lgK-Ig-00016-00002300-00002400 You can also use a locker to safely store your backpack.
vY074lgK-Ig-00017-00002400-00002500 You can also use a locker to safely store your backpack.
vY074lgK-Ig-00023-00002970-00003150 We have a lot of demands from different market segments and need to grow rapidly
vY074lgK-Ig-00024-00003150-00003200 We have a lot of demands from different market segments and need to grow rapidly
vY074lgK-Ig-00025-00003200-00003300 We have a lot of demands from different market segments and need to grow rapidly
vY074lgK-Ig-00026-00003300-00003400 to be able to meet that demand.This requires a lot of capital.
vY074lgK-Ig-00027-00003400-00003500 to be able to meet that demand.This requires a lot of capital.
vY074lgK-Ig-00028-00003500-00003600 to be able to meet that demand.This requires a lot of capital.
vY074lgK-Ig-00029-00003600-00003700 We need to have a wide range of investment possibilities
vY074lgK-Ig-00030-00003700-00003800 We need to have a wide range of investment possibilities
vY074lgK-Ig-00031-00003802-00003902 We need to have a wide range of investment possibilities
vY074lgK-Ig-00034-00004100-00004200 such as banks, business angels,
vY074lgK-Ig-00035-00004200-00004300 such as banks, business angels,
vY074lgK-Ig-00036-00004300-00004400 but we also looked into Crowdfunding.
vY074lgK-Ig-00037-00004400-00004500 but we also looked into Crowdfunding.
vY074lgK-Ig-00038-00004500-00004600 After research we decided to team up with the Bolero Crowdfunding program of KBC.
vY074lgK-Ig-00039-00004600-00004700 After research we decided to team up with the Bolero Crowdfunding program of KBC.
vY074lgK-Ig-00040-00004700-00004800 After research we decided to team up with the Bolero Crowdfunding program of KBC.
vY074lgK-Ig-00041-00004800-00004900 After research we decided to team up with the Bolero Crowdfunding program of KBC.
vY074lgK-Ig-00042-00004900-00005000 After research we decided to team up with the Bolero Crowdfunding program of KBC.
vY074lgK-Ig-00043-00005000-00005100 After research we decided to team up with the Bolero Crowdfunding program of KBC.
vY074lgK-Ig-00044-00005100-00005200 After research we decided to team up with the Bolero Crowdfunding program of KBC.
vY074lgK-Ig-00047-00005400-00005500 Thanks to this Bolero Crowdfunding campagne
vY074lgK-Ig-00048-00005500-00005600 Thanks to this Bolero Crowdfunding campagne
vY074lgK-Ig-00049-00005600-00005700 we’ve got a lot of extra attention on social media,
vY074lgK-Ig-00050-00005700-00005800 we’ve got a lot of extra attention on social media,
vY074lgK-Ig-00051-00005800-00005900 but also of the media in general,  which generated a lot of extra leads
vY074lgK-Ig-00052-00005900-00006000 but also of the media in general,  which generated a lot of extra leads
vY074lgK-Ig-00053-00006000-00006100 but also of the media in general,  which generated a lot of extra leads
vY074lgK-Ig-00054-00006100-00006200 but also of the media in general,  which generated a lot of extra leads
vY074lgK-Ig-00056-00006300-00006400 and other interested parties who have contacted us.
vY074lgK-Ig-00057-00006400-00006500 and other interested parties who have contacted us.
vY074lgK-Ig-00060-00006676-00006800 This was an unexpected bonus.
vY074lgK-Ig-00061-00006800-00006852 This was an unexpected bonus.
vY074lgK-Ig-00063-00007000-00007100 In addition, Bolero also provided leverage  in order to obtain other funding.
vY074lgK-Ig-00064-00007100-00007200 In addition, Bolero also provided leverage  in order to obtain other funding.
vY074lgK-Ig-00065-00007200-00007300 In addition, Bolero also provided leverage  in order to obtain other funding.
vY074lgK-Ig-00066-00007300-00007400 In addition, Bolero also provided leverage  in order to obtain other funding.
vY074lgK-Ig-00067-00007400-00007500 In addition, Bolero also provided leverage  in order to obtain other funding.
vY074lgK-Ig-00068-00007500-00007600 In addition, Bolero also provided leverage  in order to obtain other funding.
vY074lgK-Ig-00069-00007600-00007700 In addition, Bolero also provided leverage  in order to obtain other funding.
vY074lgK-Ig-00072-00007900-00008000 We face a lot of challenges.
vY074lgK-Ig-00073-00008000-00008100 We face a lot of challenges.
vY074lgK-Ig-00074-00008100-00008200 We need to expand our business,
vY074lgK-Ig-00075-00008200-00008300 We need to expand our business,
vY074lgK-Ig-00076-00008300-00008400 and to do so,
vY074lgK-Ig-00077-00008400-00008500 we need a lot of capital to find distributors,
vY074lgK-Ig-00078-00008500-00008600 agents and develop our business plan.
vY074lgK-Ig-00079-00008600-00008700 agents and develop our business plan.
vY074lgK-Ig-00080-00008700-00008800 agents and develop our business plan.
vY074lgK-Ig-00082-00008900-00009000 It also takes time and resources  to find and recruit the right staff.
vY074lgK-Ig-00083-00009000-00009100 It also takes time and resources  to find and recruit the right staff.
vY074lgK-Ig-00084-00009100-00009200 It also takes time and resources  to find and recruit the right staff.
vY074lgK-Ig-00085-00009200-00009300 It also takes time and resources  to find and recruit the right staff.
vY074lgK-Ig-00087-00009400-00009500 This is made easier thanks to  the Bolero Crowdfunding program.
vY074lgK-Ig-00088-00009500-00009600 This is made easier thanks to  the Bolero Crowdfunding program.
vY074lgK-Ig-00091-00009800-00009900 We’ve enjoyed the collaboration with KBC
vY074lgK-Ig-00092-00009900-00010000 We’ve enjoyed the collaboration with KBC
vY074lgK-Ig-00093-00010000-00010100 very professional and smooth.
vY074lgK-Ig-00094-00010100-00010200 very professional and smooth.
vY074lgK-Ig-00095-00010200-00010300 very professional and smooth.
vY074lgK-Ig-00098-00010500-00010600 In 72 hours  we had already raised the needed capital.
vY074lgK-Ig-00099-00010600-00010700 In 72 hours  we had already raised the needed capital.
vY074lgK-Ig-00100-00010700-00010800 In 72 hours  we had already raised the needed capital.
vY074lgK-Ig-00101-00010800-00010900 In 72 hours  we had already raised the needed capital.
vY074lgK-Ig-00102-00010900-00011000 In 72 hours  we had already raised the needed capital.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00000-00000288-00000848 Menzel Bouzaiene: "I will not keep quiet”
vZG-rp5ejeu-00001-00002280-00002620 This movement started just about 2 months ago.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00002-00002820-00003400 Its initial goal was to advance women's access to job opportunities.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00003-00003410-00003620 in Menzel Bouzaiene and the country as a whole.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00004-00003629-00004140 The institutions here in Menzel Bouzaiene are really limited.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00005-00004180-00004810 The number of female employees in these institutions is low--really really really low.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00006-00004820-00005580 We are demanding equal employment opportunities for men and women
vZG-rp5ejeu-00007-00005590-00006120 We were in another movement in which there were a lot of men.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00008-00006180-00006540 It was the Free Thought movement and all those men would gather together by themselves.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00009-00006580-00007220 And we, the women were pushed aside where we didn't participate: we had no voice, no opinion...nothing
vZG-rp5ejeu-00010-00007230-00007650 For our sit-in, we chose the slogan "I won't keep quiet”.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00011-00007680-00008320 "I won't keep quiet" because in one meeting, a women was ordered to be quiet.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00012-00008340-00008600 That's why we refuse to hear the same thing again.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00013-00008620-00009200 So we did a women's protest movement so that no one could tell women to be quiet.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00014-00009210-00009720 Women want to go out and raise their voice, they don't have to wait for men to stand up for them.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00015-00009750-00010120 Women have to stand up for themselves before the man comes to speak in their place.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00016-00010130-00010350 What am I doing here? I have to be able to make my voice heard.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00017-00010410-00010660 I have to go out into the street and to challenge...
vZG-rp5ejeu-00018-00010700-00011190 Challenge all obstacles ... there are a lot of pressures against women here.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00019-00011260-00011500 a lot of harassment.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00020-00011520-00012000 Pressures at home, in the street
vZG-rp5ejeu-00021-00012040-00012360 Sometimes I leave the house and I don't tell them I'm going to the sit-in.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00022-00012380-00012750 I lie about what I do to my children and my husband
vZG-rp5ejeu-00023-00012770-00013240 The important thing is for our movement to succeed and to improve employment
vZG-rp5ejeu-00024-00013500-00014300 We went to parliament and met with a group of deputies from different parties
vZG-rp5ejeu-00025-00014340-00014719 We asked for a meeting with the head of the Ministry of Women
vZG-rp5ejeu-00026-00014740-00014960 She met with us.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00027-00014980-00015440 Her only solution for this region is employment.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00028-00015480-00016119 There are no employment prospects for the end of 2018 and beginning of 2019
vZG-rp5ejeu-00029-00016200-00016880 Part of the solution we are hoping for is loans: loans to start projects
vZG-rp5ejeu-00030-00016900-00017660 In Menzel Bouzaiene, there is no groundwork or infrastructure to start projects
vZG-rp5ejeu-00031-00017680-00018060 I began with sewing--I made wedding dresses from start to finish. It didn't work out.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00032-00018100-00018540 I tried knitting, sweaters of all kinds. It didn't work out.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00033-00018580-00018800 Nothing, no kind of work or project is successful here.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00034-00018820-00019420 We went to see the governor; he didn't speak with us. We spoke with the Secretary General.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00035-00019480-00020010 What kind of solutions do you have for jobless women?
vZG-rp5ejeu-00036-00020020-00020510 He said that he can offer them food baskets for Ramadan. We've come to demand our right to work and have a project
vZG-rp5ejeu-00037-00020520-00021078 We haven't come here for charity as he suggested.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00038-00021112-00021580 And everyone heard this story of food baskets and I want to make sure everyone knows this story.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00039-00021600-00022140 Imagine you go as a jobless women to ask for a job, you tell him, "Give me a job: I graduated, some are not."
vZG-rp5ejeu-00040-00022150-00022680 Give me solutions..., don't tell me there are food baskets for Ramadan!
vZG-rp5ejeu-00041-00022700-00023300 This is just tarnishing the sit-in's reputation and humiliating women in Menzel Bouzaiene and the whole country
vZG-rp5ejeu-00042-00023310-00023840 The mayor called on us and told us about the state of emergency law
vZG-rp5ejeu-00043-00023880-00024200 which prohibits sit-ins within public institutions.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00044-00024350-00024980 We responded to what the mayor told us, and didn't put up a tent.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00045-00024990-00025280 We didn't put up a tent out of respect for the law.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00046-00025300-00025800 We will never throw stones or block roads or break into institution buildings--impossible.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00047-00025810-00026170 Because from the beginning this is a peaceful women's movement.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00048-00026189-00026639 We are going to start a hunger strike inchallah after Ramadan.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00049-00026660-00027420 We are 26, plus 6 others with health conditions, and they are all ready to carry out the hunger strike.
vZG-rp5ejeu-00050-00027460-00028020 Some are pregnant, others have children  and will bring them to the strike. That's our final decision.
vafRycMxR8E-00000-00000039-00000290 Director Waad Al-Khatib and former prisoner Omar Alshogre
vafRycMxR8E-00001-00000341-00000514 testified about Assad's crimes
vafRycMxR8E-00002-00000566-00000776 during a UN Security Council session
vafRycMxR8E-00003-00001021-00001271 Alshogre recounted his torture in Syrian prisons
vafRycMxR8E-00004-00002181-00002464 He attacked the UNSC countries who are colluding with Assad
vafRycMxR8E-00005-00002521-00002753 under the pretext of fighting terrorism
vafRycMxR8E-00006-00003781-00004036 Alshogre found the Security Council efforts insufficient 
vafRycMxR8E-00007-00004074-00004338 in comparison with the experiences  of victims and survivors of the Assad regime
vafRycMxR8E-00008-00004850-00005106 Just like Alshogre, Waad Al-Khatib reprimanded the Security Council for its inaction
vafRycMxR8E-00009-00005833-00006092 Waad touched upon the Security Council's failure
vafRycMxR8E-00010-00006148-00006340 to hold the Syrian regime accountable
vafRycMxR8E-00011-00006489-00006748 despite all the reports and meetings
vafRycMxR8E-00012-00006796-00007005 condemning Assad's crimes
vafRycMxR8E-00013-00007166-00007465 Waad defended the Syrian revolution  
vafRycMxR8E-00014-00008150-00008418 and denounced the campaigns  to forcibly repatriate refugees to Syria
vafRycMxR8E-00015-00009525-00009742 Omar had previously written about his arrest
vafRycMxR8E-00016-00009771-00010035 likening his experience in Sednaya prison
vafRycMxR8E-00017-00010074-00010295 to the TV show Squid Games
vafRycMxR8E-00018-00010865-00011128 Waad Al-Khatib rose to fame with her movie “For Sama”.
vafRycMxR8E-00019-00011160-00011424 which documents her experience during the Russian bombing of Aleppo
vafRycMxR8E-00020-00011546-00012011 Omar and Waad went back to the Security Council
vafRycMxR8E-00021-00012092-00012739 to  honor the political dreams of Syrians
vajULfUgILu-00000-00000063-00000266 I take shots to the top I'll get it, I got
vajULfUgILu-00001-00000266-00000493 One life, ima do all to win it, I do
vajULfUgILu-00002-00000493-00000708 what's right, pushin till I fall I'm slipping
vajULfUgILu-00003-00000708-00000936 Then get back up, always stand tall I'm grinning
vajULfUgILu-00004-00000984-00001206 I got cuts real deep, been bruised and scarred
vajULfUgILu-00005-00001206-00001437 I had to learn how to think with my head not heart
vanhFAjnbSU-00000-00000000-00000139 CLOSED CAPTIONING BY LEI
vanhFAjnbSU-00001-00000153-00000353 oh hooray its her 😒
vanhFAjnbSU-00002-00000659-00000824 nah this bitch really brought him back to life
vanhFAjnbSU-00003-00000925-00001125 HIS TITS?????!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
vanhFAjnbSU-00004-00001757-00001875 as he should've
vanhFAjnbSU-00005-00002285-00002652 "i Am ThE lAdY bOnE dEmOn"
vanhFAjnbSU-00006-00002829-00003029 BRUH LEAVE HIM ALONE WTF
vanhFAjnbSU-00007-00003649-00003813 how about no :D
vanhFAjnbSU-00008-00004274-00004324 man you really suck ass lbd
vanhFAjnbSU-00009-00005502-00005702 bro goku??? 😳
vanhFAjnbSU-00010-00006658-00006708 W h a t
vanhFAjnbSU-00011-00006855-00006905 ugh just look at her shes so fuckin ugly
vanhFAjnbSU-00012-00007026-00007157 MK NOOoooOOOO
vanhFAjnbSU-00013-00008321-00008371 that wasnt very heterosexual of you macaque
vanhFAjnbSU-00014-00010747-00010800 BRUH LBD YOU ARE A MENACE
vanhFAjnbSU-00015-00011604-00011666 i swear to god
vanhFAjnbSU-00016-00012010-00012138 MEI NOT HER WHY WHY WHY
vanhFAjnbSU-00017-00012322-00012522 o h  n o  a  w e b
vanhFAjnbSU-00018-00012699-00012899 H∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀∀
vh0RaIm9jDy-00000-00001574-00002077 Allahumma salli wa sallim wa barik ala sayyidina muhammadin wa ala alihi 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00001-00002141-00002395 adada inamillahi wa ifdali
vh0RaIm9jDy-00002-00002500-00002720 Audhu billahi min ash shaytanir rajim
vh0RaIm9jDy-00003-00002743-00002948 Bismillahir rahmanir rahim
vh0RaIm9jDy-00004-00003067-00003267 We will begin to encounter the introduction of idols as a test 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00005-00003310-00003726 of Allah Almighty, which has not been experienced and 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00006-00003806-00004064 nor is it desired to be experienced until that day, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00007-00004119-00004402 in Mecca, the centre of the creed of Tawhid; 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00008-00004464-00004683 the place where the most honourable person 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00009-00004760-00005161 in the history of humanity will come.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00010-00005246-00005581 There is an important figure in this introduction.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00011-00005658-00005858 Named Amr ibn Luhai.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00012-00005939-00006414 In our current history books, we come across statements 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00013-00006479-00006912 that he brought an idol named Hubal to Mecca 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00014-00006912-00007112 in the 3rd century BCE.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00015-00007186-00007718 It is said that this idol was brought from the Belka region 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00016-00007779-00008155 of Syria, and it is said that when Amr ibn Luhai saw people 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00017-00008197-00008515 in this region trying to get some help from this idol and 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00018-00008558-00008815 benefited from it, this affected Amr ibn Luhai, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00019-00008881-00009222 and so in the face of this affection, he thought that 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00020-00009267-00009579 it would be beneficial to bring it to Mecca.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00021-00009662-00009817 This issue cannot be that simple.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00022-00009817-00010081 Because in the place we call Mecca, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00023-00010087-00010362 there were the ancestors of the Messenger of Allah 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00024-00010429-00010689 (Muhammad) Alaihissalatu Wassalam, who followed 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00025-00010689-00010970 the Hanif belief; their children;
vh0RaIm9jDy-00026-00011037-00011327 their uncle’s sons; as well as Jews; and those who tried to 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00027-00011387-00011865 live Christianity in secret and took refuge in the Hijaz region.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00028-00011975-00012483 Yes, a distorted belief starts to form around the Kaaba.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00029-00012532-00012787 From time to time, people gradually start to adopt beliefs 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00030-00012866-00013144 that natural forces are helping them, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00031-00013144-00013390 which we have tried to slightly touch upon 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00032-00013441-00013858 when talking about the effects of 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00033-00013917-00014207 the Paganistic understanding in Mecca.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00034-00014284-00014642 Now, the truth is, we have an issue as follows:
vh0RaIm9jDy-00035-00014753-00015114 Amr ibn Luhai is actually the son of the Roman governor, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00036-00015184-00015621 born by a Celtic woman. 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00037-00015649-00015898 In other words, it can be said that Amr ibn Luhai
vh0RaIm9jDy-00038-00015959-00016242 is actually a Roman in this sense, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00039-00016314-00016608 even though his name shows otherwise. 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00040-00016608-00016870 From another point, he also has a structure based on the Celts.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00041-00016964-00017181 The Roman governor of the region is one of the men who are 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00042-00017188-00017640 under the command of Satan in Paganistic rites.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00043-00017717-00018049 As you know, in the Holy Quran, Allah Almighty mentions 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00044-00018049-00018333 some figures who took Satan as their leader. 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00045-00018392-00018657 This mention is not 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00046-00018691-00018844 just metaphorical.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00047-00018844-00018988 Indeed, there are people 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00048-00019046-00019317 who encounter the deception of Satan.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00049-00019317-00019568 As one of the biggest proofs of this,
vh0RaIm9jDy-00050-00019630-00020187 we should not forget the fact that Satan appeared to Prophet 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00051-00020232-00020619 Ibrahim, who set out to sacrifice Prophet Ismail, and to 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00052-00020619-00020987 Prophet Ismail and our Mother Hajar on that journey.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00053-00021143-00021486 In the following periods, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00054-00021544-00021883 history will show us how that Roman governor was 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00055-00021912-00022283 related to a family dating back to Constantine. 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00056-00022377-00022720 We are exactly 30–40 years before Constantine's signature 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00057-00022720-00023034 in the process of change. 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00058-00023100-00023477 Therefore, there is a struggle that Paganism has given. 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00059-00023477-00023782 We are in the areas of that struggle where we need to pay the most attention.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00060-00023848-00024123 The idol named Baal mentioned in Surah As-Saffat 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00061-00024178-00024443 in the Holy Quran is not like Lat, Manat, and Uzza; 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00062-00024500-00025025 it is one of the idols that previous tribes believed in.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00063-00025070-00025334 Therefore, sometimes they want to establish a communication 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00064-00025334-00025617 between Hubal and Baal, but it would not be correct to say that.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00065-00025673-00025873 Lat, Manat, and Uzza are 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00066-00025918-00026092 idols that came from the Himra kingdom 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00067-00026137-00026478 in later years, in which we will talk about 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00068-00026542-00026781 the Himra kingdom.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00069-00026843-00027286 Amr ibn Luhay actually embarks on this journey for a starting x
vh0RaIm9jDy-00070-00027286-00027681 Amr ibn Luhay actually embarks on this journey for a starting point, based on an order that we will see in the next chapter.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00071-00027741-00028105 The spread of Rome's Paganistic belief in the Hijaz region 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00072-00028154-00028454 will also benefit the Roman governors.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00073-00028514-00028932 It is also important in this belief that the agreements they 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00074-00028977-00029298 made in the Hijaz region become more solid and better.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00075-00029339-00029590 Which, as we mentioned in the previous chapter, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00076-00029628-00029913 is part of a political movement against 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00077-00029913-00030113 the Sassanid influence, so to speak.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00078-00030220-00030632 As you know, the hajj duty always continued in Mecca, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00079-00030632-00030983 despite being distorted.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00080-00031037-00031343 On the other hand, those measures are of course an 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00081-00031343-00031621 occasion for humanity to always flow into that region.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00082-00031757-00032180 We also get to know Hazrat Fihr, who took action over 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00083-00032180-00032454 the foundations laid by Hazrat Malik in this process, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00084-00032508-00033129 which started before Hazrat Fihr, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00085-00033166-00033457 the son of Hazrat Malik, came to power. 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00086-00033526-00033754 We are talking about a young 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00087-00033788-00034095 and handsome man who came to duty at 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00088-00034161-00034421 the age of 59 after the death of 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00089-00034455-00034776 Hazrat Malik in the year 288.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00090-00034851-00035269 Hazrat Fihr is thin, tall, has a slightly more copper-coloured 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00091-00035305-00035820 hair than those around him, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00092-00035871-00036173 which hasn’t been seen before, and is always sweet 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00093-00036173-00036474 and smiling when he looks at the people around him.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00094-00036566-00037029 His father, Hazrat Malik, will leave the world in the year 288 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00095-00037087-00037644 while watching the entrance of the big gate in front of 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00096-00037669-00037938 the stone of Prophet Ibrahim 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00097-00037991-00038381 in a position facing the door of the Kaaba; 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00098-00038462-00038749 hence, the Light of Muhammad will continue with the truth 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00099-00038749-00039009 and wisdom of Hazrat Fihr. 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00100-00039069-00039384 However, it should never be forgotten that Rome 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00101-00039384-00039644 is in the pursuit of trying to influence Mecca.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00102-00039657-00039763 Therefore,
vh0RaIm9jDy-00103-00039804-00040155 step by step, the transport of Pagans towards Mecca begins.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00104-00040209-00040642 We see that the Pagan understanding, that is, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00105-00040678-00040983 the understanding of the origin of idolatry, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00106-00041015-00041266 comes to Mecca step by step, and this arrival coincides 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00107-00041297-00041677 with the period between Hazrat Malik and Hazrat Fihr.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00108-00041717-00042020 Both have put in political efforts.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00109-00042090-00042363 While maritime activities continue on one hand, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00110-00042393-00042714 Hazrat Malik sees that the developing trade conditions affect 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00111-00042751-00043122 the people of Mecca, on the other hand.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00112-00043184-00043486 With the development of trade 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00113-00043486-00043735 and the increase in the wealth of the people of Mecca, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00114-00043770-00044171 he sees gambling games slowly starting 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00115-00044210-00044634 and starts to put serious efforts to prevent these.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00116-00044705-00045000 It comes to the point where he punishes those who play 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00117-00045000-00045337 these types of games in the middle of the bazaar (market).
vh0RaIm9jDy-00118-00045391-00045866 It is not possible to impose a full penalty 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00119-00045904-00046116 because people see this as a part of their personal lives.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00120-00046155-00046675 But there is the importance that Hazrat Malik gives to family unity.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00121-00046728-00047033 n other words, we will experience a period in 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00122-00047080-00047289 which the Arab concept and the real Arab concept are 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00123-00047289-00047463 separated from each other, as described today.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00124-00047510-00047612 We will see that.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00125-00047656-00048091 In the light of this truth, the struggle of Hazrat Malik 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00126-00048117-00048460 will be reflected in the life of Hazrat Fihr.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00127-00048529-00048949 Hazrat Fihr will have to struggle against 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00128-00048974-00049283 these Pagans almost throughout his life.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00129-00049364-00049660 On the one hand, the danger of Rome, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00130-00049660-00049850 on the other hand, the pressure from the Sassanids.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00131-00049907-00050223 Now we need a real strategy to run 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00132-00050223-00050459 between the two.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00133-00050521-00051010 Of course, it is not possible for this strategy to be set 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00134-00051071-00051333 correctly on its own, but we need to get to know Hazrat Fihr, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00135-00051372-00051638 who will be known as the father of 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00136-00051664-00051952 orphans among those living in history, 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00137-00051985-00052363 in order for this opportunity to occur.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00138-00052418-00052725 With the intention of meeting again 
vh0RaIm9jDy-00139-00052734-00052929 tomorrow to get to know Hazrat Fihr.
vh0RaIm9jDy-00140-00052970-00053095 Stay well.
vk2dNFUKJFc-00000-00000653-00001338 Trump Officially Wins Michigan Amid Calls for a Recount.
vk2dNFUKJFc-00001-00001338-00001501 By NIRAJ CHOKSHI.
vk2dNFUKJFc-00002-00001501-00001873 Donald J. Trump was officially declared the winner of the presidential election in Michigan
vk2dNFUKJFc-00003-00001873-00002243 on Monday amid calls for a recount there and in two other states.
vk2dNFUKJFc-00004-00002243-00002863 Mr. Trump, a Republican, defeated Hillary Clinton, his Democratic opponent, by 10,704
vk2dNFUKJFc-00005-00002863-00003225 votes in the state, or less than a quarter of a percentage point, the Michigan Board
vk2dNFUKJFc-00006-00003225-00003634 of State Canvassers announced, nearly three weeks after the Nov. 8 election.
vk2dNFUKJFc-00007-00003634-00004203 The results, should they hold, bring his Electoral College vote total to 306, well beyond the
vk2dNFUKJFc-00008-00004203-00004414 270 needed to win.
vk2dNFUKJFc-00009-00004414-00004647 Mrs. Clinton has 232.
vk2dNFUKJFc-00010-00004647-00005053 Michigan contributed 16 electoral votes to Mr. Trump�s total.
vk2dNFUKJFc-00011-00005053-00005487 News of his victory in Michigan came as Jill Stein, the Green Party candidate, said she
vk2dNFUKJFc-00012-00005487-00005905 planned to call for a recount there after pursuing recounts in two other states.
vk2dNFUKJFc-00013-00005905-00006322 Wisconsin officials approved a timeline for a recount on Monday, and Ms. Stein is also
vk2dNFUKJFc-00014-00006322-00006731 suing for a recount in Pennsylvania, according to The Associated Press.
vk2dNFUKJFc-00015-00006731-00008027 Mr. Trump won all three states by a combined total of about 100,000 votes.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00000-00000159-00000664 This video is about aggregating or summarizing data
w7VJNWDBuBI-00001-00000664-00001351 using dplyr. The idea behind summarizing data is that it allows us to
w7VJNWDBuBI-00002-00001351-00001784 split the data in a data frame into groups based on the
w7VJNWDBuBI-00003-00001784-00002216 value in a column and then calculate some
w7VJNWDBuBI-00004-00002216-00002840 value for the combined data for that group. So for example if we
w7VJNWDBuBI-00005-00002840-00003415 wanted to calculate the average weight of an individual in each of the
w7VJNWDBuBI-00006-00003415-00003807 different species in our data set we could do that
w7VJNWDBuBI-00007-00003807-00004200 by aggregating the data.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00008-00004216-00004600 The first step in this process is to group the table
w7VJNWDBuBI-00009-00004600-00005319 so that it knows what the groups are to do the calculations on. We do this
w7VJNWDBuBI-00010-00005319-00006032 using the function 'group_by'.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00011-00006032-00006415 That function's arguments are first the table
w7VJNWDBuBI-00012-00006415-00007104 we want to work on and then second one or more columns to group by.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00013-00007104-00007695 So let's go ahead and group by 'species_id'.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00014-00007752-00008064 We'll give it the name of the table that we want to work on,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00015-00008064-00008743 the 'surveys' table, and then the column to group by
w7VJNWDBuBI-00016-00008743-00009040 'species_id'.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00017-00009047-00009392 If we run this code
w7VJNWDBuBI-00018-00009407-00009800 we'll see as the output a sort of new kind
w7VJNWDBuBI-00019-00009800-00010407 of data frame. It's telling us up top it's called a "tibble". This is a special
w7VJNWDBuBI-00020-00010407-00010847 kind of data frame that dplyr produces and it's telling
w7VJNWDBuBI-00021-00010847-00011288 us that that tibble is grouped based on the 'species_id'
w7VJNWDBuBI-00022-00011288-00011784 column and that there are 49 groups.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00023-00011920-00012232 These data frames also look a little different because they only print out
w7VJNWDBuBI-00024-00012232-00012568 the first 10 rows to the console, which is nice, we have
w7VJNWDBuBI-00025-00012568-00013016 less scrolling, and it tells us about the data types in
w7VJNWDBuBI-00026-00013016-00013408 each of the columns. But for most purposes this will work
w7VJNWDBuBI-00027-00013408-00013991 just like an ordinary data frame and by having groups it will allow us to do
w7VJNWDBuBI-00028-00013991-00014440 the next step in summarizing the data.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00029-00014536-00015184 Let's go ahead and store this data frame so that we can use it in the next step.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00030-00015184-00015895 We'll call it 'surveys_by_species' since it's 'surveys'
w7VJNWDBuBI-00031-00015895-00016344 grouped by species. Then we'll assign the results
w7VJNWDBuBI-00032-00016344-00017023 of this group by to it using the assignment operator.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00033-00017023-00017368 If we run this we'll now see that we've stored
w7VJNWDBuBI-00034-00017368-00018256 that table, or tibble, as a variable so that we can use it.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00035-00018376-00018759 After grouping our data, the next step is to
w7VJNWDBuBI-00036-00018759-00019104 summarize it using the 'summarize' function
w7VJNWDBuBI-00037-00019104-00019864 to calculate whatever value that we want for each group in that table.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00038-00019864-00020295 Let's start by counting the number of rows in each group.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00039-00020295-00020608 We're going to do that because each row
w7VJNWDBuBI-00040-00020608-00021023 in this table represents one individual small mammal
w7VJNWDBuBI-00041-00021023-00021504 and so by counting the rows we'll get the number of individuals that have been
w7VJNWDBuBI-00042-00021504-00021912 captured for each species.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00043-00021951-00022495 and we do this using the function 'summarize'.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00044-00022512-00022879 The arguments for 'summarize' are the table
w7VJNWDBuBI-00045-00022879-00023287 we want to summarize, and that needs to be a grouped table
w7VJNWDBuBI-00046-00023287-00023615 so that it can do the summary for each group,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00047-00023615-00024295 and then one additional argument for each thing that we want to calculate for
w7VJNWDBuBI-00048-00024295-00024831 each group. And those come in the form of a new
w7VJNWDBuBI-00049-00024831-00025240 column name that we want the results to be stored in,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00050-00025240-00025927 an equal sign, and then the calculation that we want to store in that new column.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00051-00025927-00026272 So in our case we've already grouped the data
w7VJNWDBuBI-00052-00026272-00026688 into this table and so this is the grouped table that we want to work with,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00053-00026688-00027383 so 'surveys_by_species', comma,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00054-00027383-00027752 and then we want to count the number of rows
w7VJNWDBuBI-00055-00027752-00028144 because that's the number of individuals and so
w7VJNWDBuBI-00056-00028144-00028647 we'll call this 'abundance', that's another way that we describe the
w7VJNWDBuBI-00057-00028647-00029224 number of individuals, and I will spell it correctly with the "n",
w7VJNWDBuBI-00058-00029224-00029616 so that's going to be the name of our new column.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00059-00029616-00029991 Then an equals sign, and then the calculation that we want to do.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00060-00029991-00030424 To count the number of rows in the table there's a special function
w7VJNWDBuBI-00061-00030424-00030936 called 'n', for number, and it's a function so it needs
w7VJNWDBuBI-00062-00030936-00031319 parentheses, but it doesn't have any arguments because it's going to apply to
w7VJNWDBuBI-00063-00031319-00031591 the whole table.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00064-00031712-00032063 If we run this code
w7VJNWDBuBI-00065-00032175-00032928 we can see that we have a column with the species IDs in it
w7VJNWDBuBI-00066-00032928-00033472 and another column with the counts of how many individuals of that species
w7VJNWDBuBI-00067-00033472-00034016 have been seen during the entire period of the study.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00068-00034016-00034463 We can also group by multiple columns. So let's say we wanted to
w7VJNWDBuBI-00069-00034463-00034824 count the number of individuals in each species
w7VJNWDBuBI-00070-00034824-00035256 on each plot. To do this we need to go back
w7VJNWDBuBI-00071-00035256-00035712 to the "group by" step and group by more than one thing.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00072-00035712-00036456 So let's call this 'surveys_by_species_plot'  to indicate that we're
w7VJNWDBuBI-00073-00036456-00036984 grouping by both of those. Then we're going to assign to that
w7VJNWDBuBI-00074-00036984-00037663 the results of the 'group_by' function.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00075-00037663-00038024 Again, we're working with the surveys table,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00076-00038024-00038688 we still want to 'group_by' 'species_id', but now we also want to group by plot so
w7VJNWDBuBI-00077-00038688-00039200 we'll add another comma and then 'plot_id',
w7VJNWDBuBI-00078-00039200-00039584 because that's the name of the plot column.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00079-00039791-00040023 We then run this to do the grouping.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00080-00040023-00040424 Now that we have our new data frame
w7VJNWDBuBI-00081-00040424-00040808 grouped by two columns we go ahead and run our
w7VJNWDBuBI-00082-00040808-00041200 'summarize' command on that data frame.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00083-00041200-00041584 So 'summarize',
w7VJNWDBuBI-00084-00041584-00042431 parentheses, 'surveys_by_species_by_plot'.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00085-00042480-00042896 And then we do the same calculation we did before,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00086-00042896-00043840 so 'abundance = n()'.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00087-00043975-00044456 And it looks like I've made an error, "surveys_by_species_by_plot not found".
w7VJNWDBuBI-00088-00044456-00045000 Ah, i called this 'surveys_by_species_plot',
w7VJNWDBuBI-00089-00045000-00045416 I added an extra 'by' here. So we'll go ahead and take that out
w7VJNWDBuBI-00090-00045416-00045736 and then rerun.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00091-00045768-00046112 We can't totally see what's going on here
w7VJNWDBuBI-00092-00046112-00046487 because we've only got 10 rows. So let's store this
w7VJNWDBuBI-00093-00046487-00047312 in a variable called 'species_plot_counts'
w7VJNWDBuBI-00094-00047640-00048008 and then run it. Then we can come over here and look at what
w7VJNWDBuBI-00095-00048008-00048440 actually happened above. We have some null species IDs,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00096-00048440-00048824 which we don't really care about but then we can see that for
w7VJNWDBuBI-00097-00048824-00049503 each species ID and each plot, so this is species "AB" on plot 9,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00098-00049503-00049831 there were nine individuals. And it's done this for
w7VJNWDBuBI-00099-00049831-00050287 every single species in every single plot. We've got this nice summary
w7VJNWDBuBI-00100-00050287-00050759 that's ready for analysis. And we're not restricted to just
w7VJNWDBuBI-00101-00050759-00051255 counting things. In fact we can do any calculation that involves
w7VJNWDBuBI-00102-00051255-00051864 functions that take a vector and return a single value.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00103-00051864-00052344 So let's go back to the example that i mentioned at the beginning
w7VJNWDBuBI-00104-00052344-00052664 where we want to calculate the average weight
w7VJNWDBuBI-00105-00052664-00053216 of each species at the site.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00106-00053304-00053783 We can do that using 'summarize'. So let's go ahead and create a variable to
w7VJNWDBuBI-00107-00053783-00054248 store this in, we'll call it species weight,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00108-00054248-00054951 and then to that we'll assign the output from summarize.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00109-00054951-00055400 We're just grouping by species so we'll go back to the 'surveys_by_species'
w7VJNWDBuBI-00110-00055400-00056264 variable that we created, 'surveys_by_species',
w7VJNWDBuBI-00111-00056264-00056751 Then now to calculate the average weight we need again the name
w7VJNWDBuBI-00112-00056751-00057136 of the column that we're going to create, so we'll call it average
w7VJNWDBuBI-00113-00057136-00057632 weight 'avg_weight',
w7VJNWDBuBI-00114-00057632-00058127 equals, and then the calculation that we want to do.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00115-00058127-00058616 I'm going to move this down to the next line so we can see it clearly.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00116-00058616-00059360 We can now say 'mean(weight)'. What this will do is for
w7VJNWDBuBI-00117-00059360-00059767 each group, which in this case is a species,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00118-00059767-00060151 it will take the weight column, calculate its average,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00119-00060151-00060895 and store it in a column named average weight. If we run this
w7VJNWDBuBI-00120-00060895-00061407 we can then go over here and look at the 'species_weight' table that
w7VJNWDBuBI-00121-00061407-00061960 results. Oh, that's interesting, now we have each
w7VJNWDBuBI-00122-00061960-00062336 'species_id' but all of our average weights except for
w7VJNWDBuBI-00123-00062336-00062920 this one, except for a few, are null.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00124-00062960-00063383 Why do you think that might be?
w7VJNWDBuBI-00125-00063591-00063864 Any ideas?
w7VJNWDBuBI-00126-00064016-00064679 If your answer was that when we take a mean if there are any
w7VJNWDBuBI-00127-00064679-00065095 null values we get back a null value as the result,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00128-00065095-00065360 then you're right!
w7VJNWDBuBI-00129-00065416-00065736 And if you remember from a couple of weeks ago
w7VJNWDBuBI-00130-00065736-00066136 we can remove those nulls before calculating the mean
w7VJNWDBuBI-00131-00066136-00066807 by adding an optional argument to 'mean'. And so we put a comma and then
w7VJNWDBuBI-00132-00066807-00067568 'na.rm = TRUE', which tells it to remove
w7VJNWDBuBI-00133-00067568-00068200 all of the null values before calculating the mean.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00134-00068200-00068680 If we rerun this and go back to the species weight table
w7VJNWDBuBI-00135-00068680-00069064 we'll see that many more of our species have
w7VJNWDBuBI-00136-00069064-00069680 average masses now. There's still some NaN sticking around and those are there
w7VJNWDBuBI-00137-00069680-00070192 for species that have never been weighed. So these are things like birds that
w7VJNWDBuBI-00138-00070192-00070648 get into traps, snakes that get into traps, certain kinds
w7VJNWDBuBI-00139-00070648-00071144 of mammals that we don't weigh at the site.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00140-00071144-00071744 So those are just there's no data there to calculate a mean for.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00141-00071744-00072127 If you wanted to get rid of those then we could use
w7VJNWDBuBI-00142-00072127-00072448 our 'filter' function that we learned about last week.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00143-00072448-00073183 We could 'filter' the 'species_weight' table.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00144-00073232-00073632 And then to remove null values, if you remember, it's
w7VJNWDBuBI-00145-00073632-00074232 '!is.na', parentheses, and then the column that we
w7VJNWDBuBI-00146-00074232-00074607 want to get rid of null values in.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00147-00075120-00075776 And i made a mistake here because this says 'weight',
w7VJNWDBuBI-00148-00075776-00076160 but if we look at the 'species_weight' column we'll see that I called that
w7VJNWDBuBI-00149-00076160-00076600 column 'avg_weight". And so anytime again it
w7VJNWDBuBI-00150-00076600-00077016 says "object not found" you've probably misnamed something.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00151-00077016-00077520 Let's go ahead and rerun and there we go
w7VJNWDBuBI-00152-00077520-00078024 now we only have species that have been weighed at least once
w7VJNWDBuBI-00153-00078024-00078472 and we have their average weights.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00154-00078480-00079200 So that's the basic idea behind how to aggregate or summarize data using dplyr.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00155-00079200-00079551 The first step is to use the 'group_by' function
w7VJNWDBuBI-00156-00079551-00080088 to tell dplyr what the groups we want to split the data into are and
w7VJNWDBuBI-00157-00080088-00080495 that can be the values from one or more columns. The
w7VJNWDBuBI-00158-00080495-00080904 second step is to use the 'summarize' function which
w7VJNWDBuBI-00159-00080904-00081232 involves providing the name of the column you want to
w7VJNWDBuBI-00160-00081232-00081751 create, an equal sign, and then any calculation that can take a
w7VJNWDBuBI-00161-00081751-00082176 vector and return a single value,
w7VJNWDBuBI-00162-00082176-00082504 to do that calculation.
w7VJNWDBuBI-00163-00082719-00083519 Recording check. Recording check. ♪ recording check recording check ♪
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00000-00000448-00000646 You can't put things like ice cream around here
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00001-00000646-00000891 Or** [After sound check for the Chicago concert JUN, SEUNGKWAN are at the ice cream bar]
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00002-00000978-00001217 [(I have to get toppings)]
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00003-00001471-00001842 I used to eat this a lot when I was young
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00004-00001915-00002166 [(Sprinkles from his childhood)]
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00005-00003091-00003362 [(SEUNGKWAN is decorating his ice cream)]
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00006-00003943-00004078 Should I ask for another scoop?
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00007-00004174-00004298 No, no, no
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00008-00004298-00004369 Why not?
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00009-00004388-00004592 Maybe [(JUN recommends another flavor)]
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00010-00004692-00004962 [(Should I get another scoop or not)]
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00011-00006228-00006701 Strawberry one scoop, please [(Boo goes for another scoop)]
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00012-00006701-00007036 [A rule to get 2 scoops per person]
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00013-00007523-00007607 Thank you
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00014-00007812-00007938 Don't eat too much, SEUNGKWAN
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00015-00008061-00008430 If I top it with this, it'll be amazing [Triple berry combo]
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00016-00008430-00008682 [(Knows how to eat ice cream)]
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00017-00009025-00009397 I don't know why but I love having the blueberries here
wt7ntu4T7Gy-00018-00009397-00009576 Thank you [Sugar level recharged with ice cream]
wvL2RbcWTH0-00000-00000000-00000182 hi guys this is Vernon Croy with your
wvL2RbcWTH0-00001-00000182-00000395 free sports picks for Friday March 31st
wvL2RbcWTH0-00002-00000395-00000633 and just mama first of all make trilling
wvL2RbcWTH0-00003-00000633-00000779 to yourself your bankroll favor
wvL2RbcWTH0-00004-00000779-00000990 subscribe to my youtube channel right
wvL2RbcWTH0-00005-00000990-00001323 now I'm currently on a 34 in 23 picks run
wvL2RbcWTH0-00006-00001323-00001575 youtube subscribers also get my bonus
wvL2RbcWTH0-00007-00001575-00001848 free sports picks I'm currently on a 6 and 0
wvL2RbcWTH0-00008-00001848-00002027 run off those make sure that you
wvL2RbcWTH0-00009-00002027-00002228 subscribe to my youtube channel right
wvL2RbcWTH0-00010-00002228-00002435 now I style goal up the start of the
wvL2RbcWTH0-00011-00002435-00002618 week that was posted on my page to make
wvL2RbcWTH0-00012-00002618-00002796 my hundred dollar clients two thousand
wvL2RbcWTH0-00013-00002796-00003026 dollars this week as a Thursday of calc
wvL2RbcWTH0-00014-00003026-00003252 three straight days in a row I brought
wvL2RbcWTH0-00015-00003252-00003450 home money for my clients Monday Tuesday
wvL2RbcWTH0-00016-00003450-00003684 and Wednesday making my hundred dollar
wvL2RbcWTH0-00017-00003684-00003854 clients seventeen hundred and sixty
wvL2RbcWTH0-00018-00003854-00004020 dollars so it looks like we're
wvL2RbcWTH0-00019-00004020-00004239 definitely going to pass up two thousand
wvL2RbcWTH0-00020-00004239-00004439 gold mark make sure you get my sports picks
wvL2RbcWTH0-00021-00004439-00004701 right now exclusively at da sports com
wvL2RbcWTH0-00022-00004701-00004923 your free sports picks winner for Friday March
wvL2RbcWTH0-00023-00004923-00005162 31st we're taking the Oklahoma City
wvL2RbcWTH0-00024-00005162-00005403 Thunder against spread plus one orbit
wvL2RbcWTH0-00025-00005403-00005655 sent O'Neill's burbs the Spurs are just
wvL2RbcWTH0-00026-00005655-00005877 three and 14 against spread and or lot
wvL2RbcWTH0-00027-00005877-00006150 17 trips to oklahoma city and the
wvL2RbcWTH0-00028-00006150-00006404 Thunderer 26 and one against the spread
wvL2RbcWTH0-00029-00006404-00006684 and their lost 27 home games overall and
wvL2RbcWTH0-00030-00006684-00006920 the Spurs our own for against the spread
wvL2RbcWTH0-00031-00006920-00007179 their last four games after a loss by
wvL2RbcWTH0-00032-00007179-00007370 more than 10 points so once again you're
wvL2RbcWTH0-00033-00007370-00007584 free for spec for Friday March 31st
wvL2RbcWTH0-00034-00007584-00007752 we're taking the Oklahoma City Thunder
wvL2RbcWTH0-00035-00007752-00007968 against spread plus 1 over the San
wvL2RbcWTH0-00036-00007968-00008208 Antonio Spurs make sure you get my text
wvL2RbcWTH0-00037-00008208-00008411 right now it's closely at docsports.com
wvL2RbcWTH0-00038-00008411-00008589 make sure that you also give this video
wvL2RbcWTH0-00039-00008589-00009113 a thumbs up I appreciate it in winning Vernon Croy
wvNTDl1uqoA-00000-00000048-00000536 What have you done? You've knocked it over! That's for you! Yes, yes.
wvNTDl1uqoA-00001-00000688-00001168 Well actually it'sa laundry thing but he likes it he did like it until he knocked it over.
wvNTDl1uqoA-00002-00001168-00001240 you're gonna get in it
wvNTDl1uqoA-00003-00001528-00002192 it's it's parker-sized yes rub your face on it there you go oh come on get in it
wvNTDl1uqoA-00004-00002336-00002744 this is the problem with recording him he loves like attention so he's like yes
wvNTDl1uqoA-00005-00002832-00003064 so just wants to rub the camera and he wants to rub me
wvNTDl1uqoA-00006-00003160-00003896 and immediately stop doing the thing i was recording him for doing look at that man yes
wvNTDl1uqoA-00007-00004096-00005040 see he tries to push his full force against just just hop in uh yeah just hop in he was
wvNTDl1uqoA-00008-00005040-00005880 doing it reliably until i thought to record it obviously you're a butt head you are
wvNTDl1uqoA-00009-00006040-00006720 get get will you get in look yeah that's what what are you doing don't destroy the e
wvNTDl1uqoA-00010-00006856-00007512 that's not really what i wanted you to do but i guess it works yes you're inside now
wvNTDl1uqoA-00011-00007584-00008176 he used to just hop straight into it so yes it's a thing to destroy with my claws
wvNTDl1uqoA-00012-00008336-00009464 yes oh no he just wants to claw it now you got to get in come on you know you want to ah
wvNTDl1uqoA-00013-00009544-00009984 he just wants to bonk his head against things this is a favorite thing to do look at that
wvNTDl1uqoA-00014-00010216-00011032 he just loves put face on thing you're gonna fall what are you doing either hop in or don't hop in
wvNTDl1uqoA-00015-00011104-00011472 none of this what are you doing that i guess that works this
wvNTDl1uqoA-00016-00011792-00012808 now you're inside are you proud of yourself he's fortified he's in a fortified defensive position
wvNTDl1uqoA-00017-00012808-00012984 what are you going to do if they attack from behind though
wvNTDl1uqoA-00018-00013519-00014184 i'm sorry if you can hear my humidifier winter sucks yes bite the wall yes
wvNTDl1uqoA-00019-00014328-00015224 you're fierce what's that some laundry stuff i'll get that out of there you're fierce are you fierce
wvNTDl1uqoA-00020-00015472-00015696 Yeah. Yeah. He's fierce.
wxKC_saBkBk-00000-00000036-00000212 Do you live in small house?
wxKC_saBkBk-00001-00000268-00000706 Dog breeds for apartments can adapt very easily to living in small spaces.
wxKC_saBkBk-00002-00000762-00001284 Although dogs are pets and man's best friends, different dog breeds have different characteristics.
wxKC_saBkBk-00003-00001356-00001834 Dog breeds that are best suited for apartments: are friendly to everyone, have fewer exercise
wxKC_saBkBk-00004-00001836-00002148 needs, have low tendency to bark and does not shed.
wxKC_saBkBk-00005-00002220-00002644 Before we proceed with the list, if you are a new visitor on Healthy Pet Systems channel,
wxKC_saBkBk-00006-00002644-00002892 I invite you to subscribe and support the channel.
wxKC_saBkBk-00007-00002984-00003379 Ok now let's see list of top 10 best dog breeds for apartments:
wxKC_saBkBk-00008-00003452-00003732 Dog breed number ten Brussels Griffon.
wxKC_saBkBk-00009-00003776-00004172 The Brussels Griffon dog breed is known for its distinctive head appearance.
wxKC_saBkBk-00010-00004240-00004776 They were primarily used to hunt rats but these days they are popular as small, cheerful
wxKC_saBkBk-00011-00004776-00004888 and curious pets.
wxKC_saBkBk-00012-00004972-00005472 Brussels Griffon dogs are: confident, curious, sensitive, alert, friendly and careful.
wxKC_saBkBk-00013-00005528-00005968 They are friendly to humans, average shedders, and they have a lot of energy so they require
wxKC_saBkBk-00014-00005968-00006096 daily exercise.
wxKC_saBkBk-00015-00006164-00006352 Dog breed number nine Pug.
wxKC_saBkBk-00016-00006376-00006780 A cute little pug is a pet that is always playful and friendly to everyone and these
wxKC_saBkBk-00017-00006780-00007100 facts makes them a popular dog breed for families with kids.
wxKC_saBkBk-00018-00007176-00007404 Why are they in ninth place of the list?
wxKC_saBkBk-00019-00007456-00007920 They do not require a lot of physical activity and do not bark a lot which makes them good
wxKC_saBkBk-00020-00007920-00008172 choice for a pet if you are living in the flat.
wxKC_saBkBk-00021-00008244-00008676 Pug dogs are: intelligent, stubborn, social, playful, careful and quiet.
wxKC_saBkBk-00022-00008732-00009220 Even though they are small and do not have a large fluffy coat, they have a thick coat
wxKC_saBkBk-00023-00009220-00009328 and shed a lot.
wxKC_saBkBk-00024-00009376-00009840 This is the main reason why the Pug dog breed is only in the ninth place of the list.
wxKC_saBkBk-00025-00009892-00010336 If you choose them as pet you will not regret it because they are very peaceful, love to
wxKC_saBkBk-00026-00010336-00010640 follow the owners and always be in the center of attention.
wxKC_saBkBk-00027-00010724-00010912 Dog breed number eight Chihuahua.
wxKC_saBkBk-00028-00010956-00011180 Chihuahua is a tiny little dog.
wxKC_saBkBk-00029-00011236-00011676 They are one of the smallest dog breeds in the world but they have a strong personality.
wxKC_saBkBk-00030-00011744-00012036 Little Chihuahuas are extremely courageous.
wxKC_saBkBk-00031-00012120-00012460 They will oppose bigger and much stronger dogs without a second thought.
wxKC_saBkBk-00032-00012524-00012912 Chihuahua dogs are: lively, committed, alert, brave and fast.
wxKC_saBkBk-00033-00012984-00013484 These dogs adapt well to apartment living, aren't too demanding to maintain, love people
wxKC_saBkBk-00034-00013484-00013572 and family.
wxKC_saBkBk-00035-00013624-00013888 Dog breed number seven Boston Terrier.
wxKC_saBkBk-00036-00013947-00014416 The Boston Terrier is a beautifully small, sturdy and muscular dog that is also known
wxKC_saBkBk-00037-00014416-00014688 by name American Gentleman, why?
wxKC_saBkBk-00038-00014740-00015044 These are gentle pets who want to please their owners.
wxKC_saBkBk-00039-00015096-00015468 Boston Terrier dogs are: lively, gentle, intelligent and friendly.
wxKC_saBkBk-00040-00015536-00016028 This dog breed does not bark unless it is necessary, they do not shed a lot and require
wxKC_saBkBk-00041-00016032-00016180 daily physical activity.
wxKC_saBkBk-00042-00016244-00016508 Dog breed number six Chinese Crested.
wxKC_saBkBk-00043-00016560-00017016 The Chinese Crested Dog was created to be a perfect companion who will love people and
wxKC_saBkBk-00044-00017016-00017152 easily adapt to anyone.
wxKC_saBkBk-00045-00017228-00017632 Chinese Crested dogs are: lively, kind, careful, playful and happy.
wxKC_saBkBk-00046-00017684-00018168 These dogs are friendly to everyone, shed very low, have no tendency to bark, and do
wxKC_saBkBk-00047-00018168-00018380 not require much physical activity.
wxKC_saBkBk-00048-00018456-00018860 All these characteristics make them one of the best dog breeds for apartments and indoor
wxKC_saBkBk-00049-00018860-00018916 living.
wxKC_saBkBk-00050-00018980-00019248 Dog breed number five Coton de Tulear.
wxKC_saBkBk-00051-00019292-00019760 Coton de Tulear dog is a small and smart pet known for its cotton-like coat.
wxKC_saBkBk-00052-00019816-00020116 They come from Madagascar and they are best suited for indoor
wxKC_saBkBk-00053-00020116-00020164 living.
wxKC_saBkBk-00054-00020224-00020596 Therefore, they can be an excellent choice for apartment and house pets.
wxKC_saBkBk-00055-00020656-00021096 Coton de Tulear dogs are: lively, intelligent, kind, playful and vocal.
wxKC_saBkBk-00056-00021144-00021604 They are good for beginners, friendly to everyone, do not shed and do not belong to energetic
wxKC_saBkBk-00057-00021604-00022040 dogs although they adore playing and can be a great choice for children.
wxKC_saBkBk-00058-00022108-00022416 Dog breed number four Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.
wxKC_saBkBk-00059-00022468-00022852 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a very popular small dog breed.
wxKC_saBkBk-00060-00022904-00023323 In addition to being beautiful, they are also friendly to everyone, great for beginners
wxKC_saBkBk-00061-00023324-00023540 and great for living in an apartment.
wxKC_saBkBk-00062-00023584-00024092 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dogs are: fearless, social, playful, kind and patient.
wxKC_saBkBk-00063-00024140-00024500 Although they have a thick coat, they belong to the average shedders.
wxKC_saBkBk-00064-00024552-00024752 The last feature is barking.
wxKC_saBkBk-00065-00024804-00025212 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dog will bark only to alert you to an event.
wxKC_saBkBk-00066-00025272-00025576 So this breed can certainly be a good choice for you.
wxKC_saBkBk-00067-00025636-00026032 And now follow the top 3 best dog breeds for apartments, ready?
wxKC_saBkBk-00068-00026088-00026434 Best dog breed for apartments number three English Bulldog.
wxKC_saBkBk-00069-00026488-00026888 The English Bulldog is a muscular dog breed that can easily adapt to life in the city
wxKC_saBkBk-00070-00026888-00026964 or village.
wxKC_saBkBk-00071-00027016-00027488 They have no problem with a schedule like sleeping, eating, and again sleeping.
wxKC_saBkBk-00072-00027539-00027944 Sometimes they can be inactive, but it is certainly good to include them in activities
wxKC_saBkBk-00073-00027944-00028132 like games, walking and running.
wxKC_saBkBk-00074-00028195-00028616 English Bulldog dogs are: stubborn, willful, friendly and social.
wxKC_saBkBk-00075-00028664-00029068 They are friendly to everyone, aren't noisy, and with only a few brushing a week you won't
wxKC_saBkBk-00076-00029068-00029280 have too much trouble shedding.
wxKC_saBkBk-00077-00029324-00029656 Best dog breed for apartments number two Bichon Frise.
wxKC_saBkBk-00078-00029695-00030124 If you want a pet that will always be cheerful, beautiful and friendly then little Bichon
wxKC_saBkBk-00079-00030124-00030356 Frise is the perfect choice for you.
wxKC_saBkBk-00080-00030416-00030720 They will be always happy except when left alone.
wxKC_saBkBk-00081-00030788-00031195 Bichon Frise dogs are: playful, sensitive, gentle, loyal and happy.
wxKC_saBkBk-00082-00031260-00031808 With all good characteristics, they can adapt well to living in small spaces like apartments,
wxKC_saBkBk-00083-00031808-00032236 are great for beginners, adore everyone, don't bark and don't shed a lot.
wxKC_saBkBk-00084-00032324-00032772 The only problem or advantage, depending on your preferences, is that they require daily
wxKC_saBkBk-00085-00032772-00032892 physical activity.
wxKC_saBkBk-00086-00032948-00033416 In just a few seconds you will see the best dog for apartment living, ready?
wxKC_saBkBk-00087-00033464-00033768 And the best dog breed for apartment living is Basenji.
wxKC_saBkBk-00088-00033804-00034188 Basenji is a really special dog breed and it is known as a breed that does not bark
wxKC_saBkBk-00089-00034188-00034248 at all.
wxKC_saBkBk-00090-00034300-00034632 However, they produce sounds that is similar to yodeling.
wxKC_saBkBk-00091-00034660-00035132 Also, gene analysis shows that the Basenji dog breed is the oldest in the world.
wxKC_saBkBk-00092-00035180-00035736 A less known fact is that Basenji dogs are great for living in small spaces like apartments,
wxKC_saBkBk-00093-00035736-00035804 why?
wxKC_saBkBk-00094-00035852-00036340 Basenji dogs are: curious, energetic, intelligent, kind, careful and playful.
wxKC_saBkBk-00095-00036388-00036850 They do not shed, are friendly to everyone, do not bark and have great characteristics
wxKC_saBkBk-00096-00036852-00036952 for beginners.
wxKC_saBkBk-00097-00037008-00037344 The only problem that isn't really a problem is energy.
wxKC_saBkBk-00098-00037400-00037684 These dogs require daily physical activity.
wxKC_saBkBk-00099-00037740-00038036 So it's hard to point out the best dog for apartment.
wxKC_saBkBk-00100-00038084-00038519 Each dog breed in the list can easily adapt to living in apartments and small spaces but
wxKC_saBkBk-00101-00038519-00038896 still possesses some unique characteristics and it is up to you to choose the one that
wxKC_saBkBk-00102-00038896-00039092 best suits you and your family.
wxKC_saBkBk-00103-00039136-00039524 To help the future owners I invite you to leave a suggestion as a comment.
wxKC_saBkBk-00104-00039588-00039752 Wanna see more?
wxKC_saBkBk-00105-00039812-00040236 In the description I have prepared for you links to: the top 10 most aggressive, dangerous,
wxKC_saBkBk-00106-00040236-00040532 beautiful, intelligent and popular dog breeds in the world.
wxKC_saBkBk-00107-00040588-00041055 If you find this video educational and entertaining click the like button and subscribe to see
wxKC_saBkBk-00108-00041056-00041204 more like it in the future.
wxKC_saBkBk-00109-00041260-00041512 Let's keep our pets healthy, bye!
wxKC_saBkBk-00110-00041532-00041956 Top 10 best dog breeds for apartments.
wxP9FUKDffQ-00000-00000130-00000564 Phishing attacks are a type of attack based on social engineering, and have as
wxP9FUKDffQ-00001-00000610-00001070 target identity theft with In order to steal private data.
wxP9FUKDffQ-00002-00001199-00001490 It is possible that you have ever received a email like this
wxP9FUKDffQ-00003-00001490-00002091 INCIBE, the national cybersecurity institute of Spain, has provided a decalogue of
wxP9FUKDffQ-00004-00002091-00002636 recommendations to protect yourself from this type of attacks, you can find it in the description.
wxP9FUKDffQ-00005-00002716-00003164 In these types of attacks, the attacker tries get your credentials through emails
wxP9FUKDffQ-00006-00003214-00003797 posing as some recognized entity. Often the attackers request that you enter your
wxP9FUKDffQ-00007-00003797-00004162 credentials, with the excuse that there have been some kind of mistake
wxP9FUKDffQ-00008-00004283-00004822 Although this type of attacks, they range from simpler, even the most elaborate
wxP9FUKDffQ-00009-00004823-00005379 for example, using JavaScript to mask URLs, there are some tricks that will help you
wxP9FUKDffQ-00010-00005379-00005670 Detect and protect yourself from these types of attacks.
wxP9FUKDffQ-00011-00005880-00006372 The first one is the urgency, if the institution asks you to access urgently
wxP9FUKDffQ-00012-00006450-00006631 It could be an attack.
wxP9FUKDffQ-00013-00006738-00007338 If the URLs are shortened, it can mean that have shortened them to hide the actual URL
wxP9FUKDffQ-00014-00007338-00007609 and redirect you to a non-legitimate site.
wxP9FUKDffQ-00015-00007702-00008326 If the email contains misspellings or abundant grammar, suspicion, entities
wxP9FUKDffQ-00016-00008326-00008548 They tend to take care of the language they use.
wxP9FUKDffQ-00017-00008680-00009312 Do not download anything, if it is not strictly necessary for example, if you get an email
wxP9FUKDffQ-00018-00009312-00009764 of a light company that you do not have contracted or a package of emails that you did not order,
wxP9FUKDffQ-00019-00009854-00010070 do not click on the attached file.
wxP9FUKDffQ-00020-00010154-00010692 On the green padlock, first of all, verify that this appears on top of
wxP9FUKDffQ-00021-00010692-00011262 your browser, next to the search bar, If not, leave running from there.
wxP9FUKDffQ-00022-00011350-00011854 Although this appears, this will not ensure the veracity of the page, click on the
wxP9FUKDffQ-00023-00011854-00012254 padlock and verify that the certificate belongs to the web.
wyVdEFBcfUo-00000-00000262-00000801 Embedding file printoutsin a notebook page can be helpful for group
wyVdEFBcfUo-00001-00000801-00001374 collaboration.It makes it easier for everyoneto review the content and make
wyVdEFBcfUo-00002-00001374-00002151 changes. Many different file formats, including Word,Excel, PowerPoint, Visio,
wyVdEFBcfUo-00003-00002151-00003044 and PDFs are supported. While viewing a OneNote notebook in OneNote 2016,go to the
wyVdEFBcfUo-00004-00003044-00003890 Insert tabbed ribbon,and then select File Printout.Navigate to where the file is saved,
wyVdEFBcfUo-00005-00003890-00004770 and select insert. OneNote converts the file to a printoutand adds it to the
wyVdEFBcfUo-00006-00004770-00005498 current page.All text within a file printout is searchable.Edits made to the
wyVdEFBcfUo-00007-00005498-00006135 embedded printoutwill also be updated to the linked file.
wyVdEFBcfUo-00008-00006135-00006661 That's how you link a document to a notebook pageand give it more visibility.
w-HepTbkt1M-00000-00002485-00003119 Manchester United won 2-1 over Villarreal thanks to the winning goal scored by Manchester
w-HepTbkt1M-00001-00003119-00004817 United superstar Cristiano Ronaldo in the Champions League Ronaldo's goal in the second
w-HepTbkt1M-00002-00004817-00005357 half of injury time made the Red Devils win their first Champions League victory Cristiano
w-HepTbkt1M-00003-00005357-00005662 ronaldo knows this win is very important for the red devils There is a moment when the
w-HepTbkt1M-00004-00005662-00006525 match will end, Ronaldo appears as a Man United hero The 36-year-old scored the decisive goal
w-HepTbkt1M-00005-00006525-00007493 in the final half in the 95th minute Well, that's where the audience's reaction thundered,
w-HepTbkt1M-00006-00007493-00008240 the coach and especially whose song, of course, was caught on camera, namely Alex Ferguson,
w-HepTbkt1M-00007-00008240-00008929 Sir alex was very happy while clapping in the stands watching cristiano ronaldo's goal,
w-HepTbkt1M-00008-00008929-00009275 And Manchester United also won dramatically in the last minute of the game...
w-HepTbkt1M-00010-00022623-00024448 the opportunity for the Red Devils to continue to qualify in the champions group phase this
w-HepTbkt1M-00011-00024448-00026702 season So, what do you think, friend?
wA-pNrGMsIc-00000-00000037-00000549 finally in this lecture I want to talk about one more important concept
wA-pNrGMsIc-00001-00000550-00000765 in statistical mechanics
wA-pNrGMsIc-00002-00000766-00001486 this is the idea of thermodynamic limit
wA-pNrGMsIc-00003-00001487-00001958 which is the last few concept we will introduce today
wA-pNrGMsIc-00004-00001959-00002865 again it's very important
wA-pNrGMsIc-00005-00002866-00003040 thermodynamic limit basically tells you that
wA-pNrGMsIc-00006-00003041-00003386 as the number of particles gets very large
wA-pNrGMsIc-00007-00003387-00004302 in some ways the behavior of the system get simple
wA-pNrGMsIc-00008-00004303-00004549 i'm going to do an example of it
wA-pNrGMsIc-00009-00004550-00004752 in particular, i'm going to do a verysimple example
wA-pNrGMsIc-00010-00004753-00005487 which is called Ideal(Spin 1/2)
wA-pNrGMsIc-00011-00005488-00005608 don't worry about this in general mean
wA-pNrGMsIc-00012-00005609-00006204 anyways the Ideal Paramagnet
wA-pNrGMsIc-00013-00006205-00006344 this is a very simple system
wA-pNrGMsIc-00014-00006345-00006643 we actually talked about in the first presentation
wA-pNrGMsIc-00015-00006644-00007910 i made a paper model of it here
wA-pNrGMsIc-00016-00007911-00008219 this is a one-dimensional paramagnet I've got a system
wA-pNrGMsIc-00017-00008220-00008913 which is made of spin
wA-pNrGMsIc-00018-00008914-00009181 and what spin half means is that
wA-pNrGMsIc-00019-00009182-00009642 each spin can either point up or it can point down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00020-00009643-00009812 that's it. up or down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00021-00009813-00010085 there's only two choices
wA-pNrGMsIc-00022-00010086-00010203 it can either point up or down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00023-00010204-00010388 so in this way i can get different microstates
wA-pNrGMsIc-00024-00010389-00010629 this is an example of microstate
wA-pNrGMsIc-00025-00010630-00011297 which is another one, another one, and so on
wA-pNrGMsIc-00026-00011298-00012060 so i can scatter between different microstate in the system like this
wA-pNrGMsIc-00027-00012061-00012310 let's explain what this model means
wA-pNrGMsIc-00028-00012311-00013080 for N spins that defines the microstate
wA-pNrGMsIc-00029-00013081-00013567 each spin only have two possible states
wA-pNrGMsIc-00030-00013568-00014234 either pointing up or pointing down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00031-00014235-00014848 so that's it. there's only two possibilities
wA-pNrGMsIc-00033-00018693-00019609 I told you what every spin is doing
wA-pNrGMsIc-00034-00019610-00020008 and the microstate changes by spin flips
wA-pNrGMsIc-00035-00020009-00022218 certain spins contain up or down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00036-00022219-00023802 what was an up spin become a down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00037-00023803-00024311 ok, I said the goal of the statistical mechanic is
wA-pNrGMsIc-00038-00024312-00024753 to be able to describe the behavior of the state
wA-pNrGMsIc-00039-00024754-00025208 that microscopic to macroscopic the large scale up the system
wA-pNrGMsIc-00040-00025209-00025483 in terms of the statistics of the microstate
wA-pNrGMsIc-00041-00025484-00025660 it gives you a connection between what the microstate
wA-pNrGMsIc-00042-00025661-00025804 of the system is
wA-pNrGMsIc-00043-00025805-00026189 and what the microscopic of the system is
wA-pNrGMsIc-00044-00026190-00026457 I do now a very simple example of this
wA-pNrGMsIc-00045-00026458-00027097 for this paramagnet
wA-pNrGMsIc-00046-00027098-00028401 well I will define what I mean by the state of the paramagnet
wA-pNrGMsIc-00047-00028402-00028708 the microstate tells you exactly whatever particles doing
wA-pNrGMsIc-00048-00028709-00029171 state is just something which is visible on the large scale
wA-pNrGMsIc-00049-00029172-00029359 if you think about what this might be
wA-pNrGMsIc-00050-00029360-00029695 each spin in this magnet generate a magnetic field
wA-pNrGMsIc-00051-00029696-00029864 very small magnetic field
wA-pNrGMsIc-00052-00029865-00030261 this will generate small magnetic field around it
wA-pNrGMsIc-00053-00030262-00030487 if thery're all pointing in random directions
wA-pNrGMsIc-00054-00030488-00030765 if half of them are up and half of them are down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00055-00030766-00030948 then the net field is zero
wA-pNrGMsIc-00056-00030949-00031169 so we don't measure anything
wA-pNrGMsIc-00057-00031170-00031434 however if by chance
wA-pNrGMsIc-00058-00031435-00031845 all of the spins, the majority of the spins are pointing up say
wA-pNrGMsIc-00059-00031846-00032238 you're going to have few pointing down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00060-00032239-00032468 but if the majority of the spins are pointing up
wA-pNrGMsIc-00061-00032469-00032873 then this will generate a net magnetic field
wA-pNrGMsIc-00062-00032874-00033237 and this we can measure on a large scale
wA-pNrGMsIc-00063-00033238-00033460 so the thing that we can measure on the large scale
wA-pNrGMsIc-00064-00033461-00033701 is the net magnetization
wA-pNrGMsIc-00065-00033702-00034172 this is like the average number of spin pointing up
wA-pNrGMsIc-00066-00034173-00034717 I can't tell if an individual atoms has spin up or down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00067-00034718-00035090 but on a large scale, I can see if most atoms are pointing up
wA-pNrGMsIc-00068-00035091-00035360 or if most atoms are pointing down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00069-00035361-00035545 so this is the state of the system
wA-pNrGMsIc-00070-00035546-00036236 this what is known as magnetization
wA-pNrGMsIc-00071-00036237-00037162 I will give simbol as M
wA-pNrGMsIc-00072-00037163-00037523 the definition I will give is a dimensionless definition of magnetization
wA-pNrGMsIc-00073-00037524-00038212 which is slightly different from definition where you find it
wA-pNrGMsIc-00074-00038213-00038900 the average that I will define okay
wA-pNrGMsIc-00075-00038901-00039658 for each spin i goes from 1 to N
wA-pNrGMsIc-00076-00039659-00040605 we define a number Si equal either +1 or -1
wA-pNrGMsIc-00077-00040606-00040844 if it's +1, it is pointing up
wA-pNrGMsIc-00078-00040845-00042230 [and if it's -1, the spin pointing down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00079-00042231-00042429 so this is another way of label spin
wA-pNrGMsIc-00080-00042430-00042601 instead of talking about up and down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00081-00042602-00043039 I can talk about +1 or -1
wA-pNrGMsIc-00082-00043040-00043959 then the magnetization is the average value of the S
wA-pNrGMsIc-00083-00043960-00044315 it is found as 1/N proportional to the number of spin
wA-pNrGMsIc-00084-00044316-00046016 times sum of Si i equals 1 to N
wA-pNrGMsIc-00085-00046017-00046113 that's the definition
wA-pNrGMsIc-00086-00046114-00046484 and it's easy to see that for each spin which is up I get +1
wA-pNrGMsIc-00087-00046485-00046708 each spin which is down I get -1
wA-pNrGMsIc-00088-00046709-00047015 therefore this is equal to number of up spins
wA-pNrGMsIc-00089-00047016-00047256 minus to the number of down spins
wA-pNrGMsIc-00090-00047257-00048092 divided by the total
wA-pNrGMsIc-00091-00048093-00048679 this first one is the definition
wA-pNrGMsIc-00092-00048680-00048975 this is the net number of arrows pointing
wA-pNrGMsIc-00093-00048976-00049156 and this is something you can measure
wA-pNrGMsIc-00094-00049157-00049467 like I said, most of the arrows pointing up
wA-pNrGMsIc-00095-00049468-00049728 this means the M is plus something
wA-pNrGMsIc-00096-00049729-00049989 that means it will generate magnetic field
wA-pNrGMsIc-00097-00049990-00050069 and this I can measure
wA-pNrGMsIc-00098-00050070-00050551 this is the state property, the large scale
wA-pNrGMsIc-00099-00050552-00050922 property of this
wA-pNrGMsIc-00100-00050923-00051332 okay, just to note
wA-pNrGMsIc-00101-00051333-00052118 the value of M is always between -1 and 1
wA-pNrGMsIc-00102-00052119-00052342 this one is formula here
wA-pNrGMsIc-00103-00052343-00052821 N up plus N minus up down is N
wA-pNrGMsIc-00104-00052822-00053420 it is definitely less than 1
wA-pNrGMsIc-00105-00053421-00053745 in particular, if M=-1 then this means
wA-pNrGMsIc-00106-00053746-00054080 every spins in the system is down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00107-00054081-00054520 it must be -1,-1,-1,-1,-1...
wA-pNrGMsIc-00108-00054521-00055419 if M is -1, then it means every spin in the system is down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00109-00055420-00056710 and if M is +1, it means that every spin in the system is up
wA-pNrGMsIc-00110-00056711-00056992 in between you have a mixture of up and down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00111-00056994-00057990 so if M is 0, then half of them are up and half of them are down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00112-00057991-00058699 if M is equal to 0 then half of them are up
wA-pNrGMsIc-00113-00058700-00059462 half of the spins are down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00114-00059463-00059792 so I defined very simple system that
wA-pNrGMsIc-00115-00059793-00060089 the microstate is telling you what is every spin
wA-pNrGMsIc-00116-00060090-00060325 the state is just telling you this magnetization
wA-pNrGMsIc-00117-00060326-00060533 the average value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00118-00060534-00060907 I want to work out what's the connection between two
wA-pNrGMsIc-00119-00060908-00061942 what's the fundamental postulate
wA-pNrGMsIc-00120-00061943-00062393 it says all microstates have equal probability
wA-pNrGMsIc-00121-00062394-00064722 this case spin filp is all ??
wA-pNrGMsIc-00122-00064723-00065312 if I look at a particular spin
wA-pNrGMsIc-00123-00065313-00065787 let's suppose I choose to look at the at first spin why not
wA-pNrGMsIc-00124-00065788-00066053 then half of the microstates it would point down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00125-00066054-00066529 and half of the microstates it would point up
wA-pNrGMsIc-00126-00066530-00066860 if completely random, half of the microstates would point down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00127-00066861-00067159 and half of the microstates would point up
wA-pNrGMsIc-00128-00067160-00067409 and they all have equal probability
wA-pNrGMsIc-00129-00067410-00067785 so the probability the first spin is down is a half
wA-pNrGMsIc-00130-00067786-00068189 the probability of the first spin is up is a half
wA-pNrGMsIc-00131-00068190-00068704 so it has equal probability of point up or down
wA-pNrGMsIc-00132-00068705-00069427 therefore the probability that si=+1 is half
wA-pNrGMsIc-00133-00069428-00070076 the probability of si=-1 is half
wA-pNrGMsIc-00134-00070077-00070949 this is true for each spin
wA-pNrGMsIc-00135-00070950-00071527 another word, this Si are independent
wA-pNrGMsIc-00137-00075398-00076097 we can actually say what's the mean and variance
wA-pNrGMsIc-00138-00076098-00076390 the average is zero
wA-pNrGMsIc-00139-00076391-00076538 +1 and -1 are equal probability
wA-pNrGMsIc-00140-00076539-00076740 so the average value is zero
wA-pNrGMsIc-00141-00076741-00078265 and the variance is 1
wA-pNrGMsIc-00142-00078266-00078670 this is important because this is condition
wA-pNrGMsIc-00143-00078671-00078828 for the central limit theorem
wA-pNrGMsIc-00144-00078829-00079136 if I have large number of random variable
wA-pNrGMsIc-00145-00079137-00079462 which are independent identically distributed
wA-pNrGMsIc-00146-00079463-00079721 then if I add them all together
wA-pNrGMsIc-00147-00079722-00079989 which is what I do when I calculate the magnetization
wA-pNrGMsIc-00148-00079990-00080332 the result must become normally distributed
wA-pNrGMsIc-00149-00080333-00080667 I mean it have a certain mean variable
wA-pNrGMsIc-00150-00080668-00080935 this is important because it allows it to apply
wA-pNrGMsIc-00151-00080936-00082496 therefore the central limit theorem
wA-pNrGMsIc-00152-00082497-00083595 apply to M
wA-pNrGMsIc-00153-00083596-00085847 when N is large, approximately Normally distributed
wA-pNrGMsIc-00154-00085848-00088472 with the average value is just
wA-pNrGMsIc-00155-00088473-00089015 these are all zero so this turns out to be zero
wA-pNrGMsIc-00156-00089016-00089252 that's obvious right
wA-pNrGMsIc-00157-00089253-00089846 must being mean zero you have them togerther the mean is zero
wA-pNrGMsIc-00158-00089847-00090815 the variance is more interesting
wA-pNrGMsIc-00159-00090816-00092361 the variance is
wA-pNrGMsIc-00160-00092362-00092556 by multiplying the number in here
wA-pNrGMsIc-00161-00092557-00094213 then the variance number squared
wA-pNrGMsIc-00162-00094214-00094364 I don't think actually stated this result
wA-pNrGMsIc-00163-00094365-00094540 it's not hard to prove
wA-pNrGMsIc-00164-00094541-00094778 state from definition
wA-pNrGMsIc-00165-00094779-00095557 if I concider variance of the number times variable x
wA-pNrGMsIc-00166-00095558-00097567 this is equal to number squared
wA-pNrGMsIc-00167-00097568-00097741 now these things are independent
wA-pNrGMsIc-00168-00097742-00099758 therefore we can add the variances together
wA-pNrGMsIc-00169-00099759-00099939 and each of them are equal to 1
wA-pNrGMsIc-00170-00099940-00101138 there are N of them so this turns out to be 1/N
wA-pNrGMsIc-00171-00101139-00101630 suppose they are normally distributed and mean is zero
wA-pNrGMsIc-00172-00101631-00101959 and variance 1/N
wA-pNrGMsIc-00173-00101960-00102711 remember the variance is the width of distribution squared
wA-pNrGMsIc-00174-00102712-00103384 this implied it has distribution width
wA-pNrGMsIc-00175-00103385-00103992 of order 1 over squared root N
wA-pNrGMsIc-00176-00103993-00104240 I want to compare two situation
wA-pNrGMsIc-00177-00104241-00104686 first if N is a small number
wA-pNrGMsIc-00178-00104687-00104970 then N can only have small set of value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00179-00104971-00105323 and each of these values of the significant probability
wA-pNrGMsIc-00180-00105324-00105559 on the other hand, if N is a large number
wA-pNrGMsIc-00181-00105560-00105697 there are lots of spin
wA-pNrGMsIc-00182-00105698-00105934 then I can use the central limit theorem
wA-pNrGMsIc-00183-00105935-00106204 and then N is normally distributed
wA-pNrGMsIc-00184-00106205-00106690 has then decreasing width where they increase the number of spins
wA-pNrGMsIc-00185-00106691-00106991 like drecreasing width
wA-pNrGMsIc-00186-00106992-00107415 let's compare two cases
wA-pNrGMsIc-00187-00107416-00108649 when N is small and when N is large
wA-pNrGMsIc-00188-00108650-00109328 I'll draw a graph what the probability having mic
wA-pNrGMsIc-00189-00109329-00110498 the function of m. I already told you m is +1 and -1
wA-pNrGMsIc-00190-00110499-00110628 if the number of spins are small then
wA-pNrGMsIc-00191-00110629-00110962 there's only small number of values the m can take
wA-pNrGMsIc-00192-00110963-00111521 and they all have significant probability
wA-pNrGMsIc-00193-00111522-00114338 the shape is exactly the same as bionomial
wA-pNrGMsIc-00194-00114339-00114720 in particular, if m is small you have large range of possible values of m
wA-pNrGMsIc-00195-00114721-00115818 m can be 0 but also be quiet like to be here or here
wA-pNrGMsIc-00196-00115819-00118746 large range of likely values of m
wA-pNrGMsIc-00197-00118747-00119827 now let's compare it to the case of large number of spin
wA-pNrGMsIc-00198-00119828-00120174 in this case, we say it's approximately normal distribution
wA-pNrGMsIc-00199-00120175-00122218 and the width is approximately very steep
wA-pNrGMsIc-00201-00125591-00125857 and the point is that... important is this width
wA-pNrGMsIc-00202-00125858-00126103 is incredibly small
wA-pNrGMsIc-00203-00126104-00126396 if I have a normal size of magnet
wA-pNrGMsIc-00204-00126397-00126652 like th sort of magnetite holding my hand
wA-pNrGMsIc-00205-00126653-00127087 then N will be about 10^26
wA-pNrGMsIc-00206-00127088-00127483 the huge number of atoms in the element
wA-pNrGMsIc-00207-00127484-00127874 if I have a small magnet, N will be about 10^26
wA-pNrGMsIc-00208-00127875-00128357 which means this will be about 10^(-13)
wA-pNrGMsIc-00209-00128358-00130155 for up hand held magnet
wA-pNrGMsIc-00210-00130156-00131668 simply because the number of particle in it are so large
wA-pNrGMsIc-00211-00131669-00132012 so for a system of any reasonable macroscopic case
wA-pNrGMsIc-00212-00132013-00132341 this width is incredibly incredibly thick
wA-pNrGMsIc-00213-00132342-00132901 that means the probability of 0 is almost equal to 1
wA-pNrGMsIc-00214-00132902-00134472 the only likely value of m is 0
wA-pNrGMsIc-00216-00137509-00138112 this means in some sense the system with a large number of particle
wA-pNrGMsIc-00217-00138113-00138585 is actually simpler than the syste with a small number of particle
wA-pNrGMsIc-00218-00138586-00139058 the system with small number of particle, m can be many different things
wA-pNrGMsIc-00219-00139059-00139466 we can measure m=+1 with the reasonable probability
wA-pNrGMsIc-00220-00139467-00139755 m=-1 with the reasonable probability
wA-pNrGMsIc-00221-00139756-00140099 range of values between
wA-pNrGMsIc-00222-00140100-00140300 but in the large system, it's much simpler
wA-pNrGMsIc-00223-00140301-00140900 in the large system, we only get m=0
wA-pNrGMsIc-00224-00140901-00141151 therefore the large system is much more simpler
wA-pNrGMsIc-00225-00141152-00141499 and in particular, in the small system we have to consider
wA-pNrGMsIc-00226-00141500-00141734 m is a random variable
wA-pNrGMsIc-00227-00141735-00141963 which can take range of possible value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00228-00141964-00142371 but in the large scale system, we can consider m is just a number
wA-pNrGMsIc-00229-00142372-00142628 it's just zero
wA-pNrGMsIc-00230-00142629-00142774 this is the simplication
wA-pNrGMsIc-00231-00142775-00143260 and this is the part of the thermodynamic limit
wA-pNrGMsIc-00232-00143261-00144628 so here, we need to consider m has a random variable
wA-pNrGMsIc-00233-00144629-00144897 which can take random possible values
wA-pNrGMsIc-00234-00144898-00145212 all of them have significant probability
wA-pNrGMsIc-00235-00145213-00146896 but in this case, we can consider m just as a number
wA-pNrGMsIc-00236-00146897-00148307 m is a definite number so we lose the probabilistic in a large scale
wA-pNrGMsIc-00237-00148308-00150361 to a very good approximation
wA-pNrGMsIc-00238-00150362-00150968 and this we see it pretty in all of the system we look at into the statistical mechanic
wA-pNrGMsIc-00239-00150969-00151186 that was the state property
wA-pNrGMsIc-00240-00151187-00151376 for example the magnetization here
wA-pNrGMsIc-00241-00151377-00151599 or pressure in a gas
wA-pNrGMsIc-00242-00151600-00151865 if the number of particle is small
wA-pNrGMsIc-00243-00151866-00152400 then there are wide range of possible value for each variable
wA-pNrGMsIc-00244-00152401-00152868 if the number of particle is large, then there's always exactly
wA-pNrGMsIc-00245-00152869-00153074 well defined value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00246-00153075-00153254 therefore in the large scale system
wA-pNrGMsIc-00247-00153255-00153571 these state property take on definite value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00248-00153572-00153846 rather than having probabilities
wA-pNrGMsIc-00250-00156904-00157526 or I can explain it briefly like this
wA-pNrGMsIc-00251-00157527-00157639 what is meaning of the thermodynamic limit
wA-pNrGMsIc-00252-00157640-00158020 as the system side goes to infinity
wA-pNrGMsIc-00253-00158021-00158273 the number of particle gets very large
wA-pNrGMsIc-00254-00158274-00159325 the state property goes from a random variable
wA-pNrGMsIc-00255-00159326-00160164 where we have to consider approximately
wA-pNrGMsIc-00256-00160165-00160505 so the random variable where we have to consider range of possible value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00257-00160506-00163096 to approximately a definite value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00258-00163097-00163277 as the system side gets large
wA-pNrGMsIc-00259-00163278-00163828 we can replace probability with definite value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00260-00163829-00164559 we will do this for gas later on
wA-pNrGMsIc-00261-00164560-00165080 in fact let me briefly explain that
wA-pNrGMsIc-00262-00165081-00165900 pressure in a gas
wA-pNrGMsIc-00263-00165901-00166029 what is pressure
wA-pNrGMsIc-00264-00166030-00166246 why do we feel pressure in a gas
wA-pNrGMsIc-00265-00166247-00166616 we feel pressure in a gas because inside a box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00266-00166617-00167415 I have particles and these particles hit the edge of the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00267-00167416-00167593 they fly around random
wA-pNrGMsIc-00268-00167594-00168355 but sometimes they hit the wall in the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00269-00168356-00168503 when the particles hit the walls in the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00270-00168504-00168879 they are bouncing back
wA-pNrGMsIc-00271-00168880-00169033 by the atomic forces
wA-pNrGMsIc-00272-00169034-00170212 therefore the particle exert force on the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00273-00170213-00170630 so the pressure is simply the force of atoms, particles in the gas
wA-pNrGMsIc-00274-00170631-00170916 bouncing off the walls in the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00275-00170917-00171100 if N is small, that means that
wA-pNrGMsIc-00276-00171101-00171532 any amount of time, the number of collision is small
wA-pNrGMsIc-00277-00171533-00171779 you get a bump when the particle hits the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00278-00171780-00171910 then you get nothing
wA-pNrGMsIc-00279-00171911-00172190 then you get another bump when another particle his the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00280-00172191-00172415 and you get nothing and so on right?
wA-pNrGMsIc-00281-00172416-00172777 so if you want to draw a graph of the pressure
wA-pNrGMsIc-00282-00172778-00173095 which is the force on the walls in the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00283-00173096-00173419 function of time, it would look something like this
wA-pNrGMsIc-00284-00173420-00173743 you get times where a particle hits the wall of the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00285-00173744-00173978 you suddenly gets a big pressure
wA-pNrGMsIc-00286-00173979-00174122 then there'll be nothing
wA-pNrGMsIc-00287-00174123-00174461 and another particle hits wall of the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00288-00174462-00175077 something like this
wA-pNrGMsIc-00289-00175078-00175274 so each time a particle hits a wall of the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00290-00175275-00175689 you get some force which is related to the velocity of that particle
wA-pNrGMsIc-00291-00175690-00175985 and it's very complicated
wA-pNrGMsIc-00292-00175986-00176445 sometimes many particles hit the wall
wA-pNrGMsIc-00293-00176446-00178286 however if the number of particles in the box is very very very very large
wA-pNrGMsIc-00294-00178287-00178563 then in any point in time, I have a large number of particles
wA-pNrGMsIc-00295-00178564-00178882 colliding with the wall of the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00296-00178883-00178998 the number of particles is large
wA-pNrGMsIc-00297-00178999-00179694 then these particles all fly around in different direction
wA-pNrGMsIc-00298-00179695-00180099 at any point of time, I have many particles colliding with wall in the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00299-00180100-00180459 therefore, the force of each of these particles averages out
wA-pNrGMsIc-00300-00180460-00180819 so in this case, if I draw the pressure in function of time
wA-pNrGMsIc-00301-00180820-00181713 I get roughly a constant value with some variation
wA-pNrGMsIc-00302-00181714-00182259 such a large number of particle are hitting the wall of the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00303-00182260-00182534 that the effect of all of these particles average out
wA-pNrGMsIc-00304-00182535-00183113 and there's result I get constant value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00305-00183114-00183303 hopefully that make sense
wA-pNrGMsIc-00306-00183304-00183613 for few particles, sometimes of particle hits the wall
wA-pNrGMsIc-00307-00183614-00183925 sometimes it doesn't you get this complicated behavior
wA-pNrGMsIc-00308-00183926-00184122 if you have a large number of particle
wA-pNrGMsIc-00309-00184123-00184431 then all of the time, particles hitting the wall of the box
wA-pNrGMsIc-00310-00184432-00184681 so you get a roughtly constant value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00311-00184682-00184926 this is another example of thermodynamic limit
wA-pNrGMsIc-00312-00184927-00185335 the small N is complicated random function
wA-pNrGMsIc-00313-00185336-00185701 for the large N, it's approximately constant
wA-pNrGMsIc-00314-00185702-00186034 this is exactly the same behavior with the in the paramagnet
wA-pNrGMsIc-00315-00186035-00186367 the small N, it has range of possible value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00316-00186368-00186722 but for the large N, it takes on a definite value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00317-00186723-00187106 this is the key to the thermodynamic limit
wA-pNrGMsIc-00318-00187107-00187513 if the number of particle is large then
wA-pNrGMsIc-00319-00187514-00187870 the state property can be described
wA-pNrGMsIc-00320-00187871-00188179 at approximately in a definite number
wA-pNrGMsIc-00321-00188180-00189030 when in fact they're really probability depending upon the microstate
wA-pNrGMsIc-00322-00189031-00189174 okay in the coming weeks
wA-pNrGMsIc-00323-00189175-00189423 this is the key concepts
wA-pNrGMsIc-00324-00189424-00189615 and we introduced most of them in this lecture
wA-pNrGMsIc-00325-00189616-00189927 so the first is the fundamental postulate
wA-pNrGMsIc-00326-00189928-00190256 you look at the number of microstate which is very large
wA-pNrGMsIc-00327-00190257-00190697 at each microstate, it has an equal probability
wA-pNrGMsIc-00328-00190698-00190898 second idea was the thermodynamic limit
wA-pNrGMsIc-00329-00190899-00191132 if the number of microstates is large enough
wA-pNrGMsIc-00330-00191133-00191280 then the state properties
wA-pNrGMsIc-00331-00191281-00191599 the large scale of properties of the system
wA-pNrGMsIc-00332-00191600-00191802 take on a definte value
wA-pNrGMsIc-00333-00191803-00192147 because of some averaging
wA-pNrGMsIc-00334-00192148-00192289 those are the two key concepts
wA-pNrGMsIc-00335-00192290-00192384 that's good place to finish
wA-pNrGMsIc-00336-00192385-00192754 so in the next class, I'm going to develop these ideas a bit more
wA-pNrGMsIc-00337-00192755-00193754 particularly looking at the examples of paramagnet
wA-pNrGMsIc-00338-00193755-00194255   
wB0zrFUSkI0-00000-00000000-00000284 Ông ấy ra ngoài ăn trưa rồi.
wB0zrFUSkI0-00001-00000304-00000834 Hi, Doctor. Chào Bác Sĩ.
wB0zrFUSkI0-00002-00000856-00001460 Karen, I'm going out to lunch now. Bây giờ tôi ra ngoài ăn trưa đây, Karen.
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wB0zrFUSkI0-00013-00007676-00008278 No. He's going out for lunch. Không, ông ấy ra ngoài ăn trưa rồi.
wB0zrFUSkI0-00014-00008282-00008854 what time will he be back? Mấy giờ ông ấy quay lại.
wB0zrFUSkI0-00015-00008858-00009458 one o'clock. 1 giờ.
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wB0zrFUSkI0-00020-00011670-00012378 Can I take a message. Tôi có thể nhận lời nhắn không?
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wB0zrFUSkI0-00024-00014140-00014650 I'm going out for lunch. Tôi chuẩn bị ra ngoài ăn trưa.
wB0zrFUSkI0-00025-00014678-00015241 Can you answer the phone. Bạn có thể trả lời điện thoại không?
wB0zrFUSkI0-00026-00015258-00015772 Sure. Được
wB0zrFUSkI0-00027-00016332-00016572 Dr. Wilson's office. Văn phòng BS Wilson xin nghe.
wB0zrFUSkI0-00028-00016572-00016938 No.  I'm sorry. He's out to lunch. Không, rất tiếc.  Ông ấy ra ngoài ăn trưa rồi.
wB0zrFUSkI0-00029-00016938-00017384 he'll be back at 1:30. Ông ấy sẽ quay lại lúc 1:30.
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wB0zrFUSkI0-00031-00017970-00018592 Your name? Bob, and your phone number? Tên anh là Bob, còn số điện thoại.
wB0zrFUSkI0-00032-00018596-00019644 five four three nine eight seven six 5 4 3 9 8 7 6
wB0zrFUSkI0-00033-00019644-00020570 Okay. Just one second. Please hold on. Dạ, chờ chút. Xin giữ máy.
wB0zrFUSkI0-00034-00020694-00020890 Dr. Wilson's office. Văn phòng BS Wilson xin nghe.
wB0zrFUSkI0-00035-00020890-00021135 No. Karen is out for lunch. Không, Karen ra ngoài ăn trưa rồi.
wB0zrFUSkI0-00036-00021136-00021768 She'll be back at one o'clock. Cô ấy quay lại lúc 1:00
wB0zrFUSkI0-00037-00021792-00022030 Dr. Wilson's office. Văn phòng BS Wilson xin nghe.
wB0zrFUSkI0-00038-00022030-00022584 I'm sorry. Dr. Wilson is out for lunch. Rất tiếc.  Ông ấy ra ngoài ăn trưa rồi.
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wE5FY35qGZY-00004-00002102-00002402 My name is Shane, and welcome to Grush Audio.
wFmE1RuPp7y-00000-00000000-00000344 babe i don't even want to make this video i literally like went into all
wFmE1RuPp7y-00001-00000344-00000720 20 trees and haven't gotten anything that's true
wFmE1RuPp7y-00002-00001184-00001592 oh
wFmE1RuPp7y-00003-00001712-00002368 oh we got it hey everyone welcome to the channel my name is philly beats you and welcome to the
wFmE1RuPp7y-00004-00002368-00002912 ultimate honey tree guide in pokemon brilliant diamond and shining pearl in this video we're
wFmE1RuPp7y-00005-00002912-00003479 gonna be covering all the honey tree locations exactly what spawns in the honey trees the little
wFmE1RuPp7y-00006-00003479-00003944 bit of technical analysis behind the honey trees that really doesn't matter and the pokemon that
wFmE1RuPp7y-00007-00003944-00004456 you can get if you enjoy videos like this make sure to leave a like subscribe and without further
wFmE1RuPp7y-00008-00004456-00005096 ado let's get on into the video so in order to access the whole entire honey guide in the game
wFmE1RuPp7y-00009-00005096-00005568 you're going to have to first go to florima town which you will encounter in your main story you're
wFmE1RuPp7y-00010-00005568-00006088 going to defeat team galactic and then you'll get access to this nice flowery area you'll be talking
wFmE1RuPp7y-00011-00006088-00006688 to this guy over here and he'll talk about pokemon being attracted to trees slathered with honey
wFmE1RuPp7y-00012-00006688-00007223 and he'll offer you honey for a hundred it's not too expensive not it's not too bad by the way if
wFmE1RuPp7y-00013-00007223-00007616 you don't want to spend money every time to buy honey i know it's really cheap but some people
wFmE1RuPp7y-00014-00007616-00008095 just don't want to spend money you can literally get five combies level them all the way up and
wFmE1RuPp7y-00015-00008095-00008568 they have this ability called honey gatherer and they'll be able to pick up honey all the time once
wFmE1RuPp7y-00016-00008568-00009232 you level 91 to 100 so 50 chance on five kombi's in your party or six if you're crazy and want to
wFmE1RuPp7y-00017-00009232-00009736 have that many combies and gather as much honey as you can that way you can just slather them on the
wFmE1RuPp7y-00018-00009736-00010160 trees at all time and if you're lazy to fly back to florida town well now you have a way of doing
wFmE1RuPp7y-00019-00010160-00010768 that i just wanted to put that out there just for the sake of it because this exists in the game
wFmE1RuPp7y-00020-00010768-00011256 and pretty much once you have your honey you're going to be applying it to very specific trees
wFmE1RuPp7y-00021-00011256-00011808 that are golden seriously just look for the golden trees they're on your map don't try to run up to
wFmE1RuPp7y-00022-00011808-00012256 these regular trees and smack honey and wonder while they're not working the honey trees are very
wFmE1RuPp7y-00023-00012256-00012768 specific in the game so there you go that's the picture for them here's a list of all the pokemon
wFmE1RuPp7y-00024-00012768-00013256 that you can find within the honey trees in the game you got munchlax which is a one percent
wFmE1RuPp7y-00025-00013256-00013776 chance that spawns in the honey trees but it does not matter because you can find munchlax down in
wFmE1RuPp7y-00026-00013776-00014256 the grand underground heracross has a five percent chance that you can find it in these honey trees
wFmE1RuPp7y-00027-00014256-00014728 heracross is a big deal because this is one of the only places you can find heracross in the game
wFmE1RuPp7y-00028-00014728-00015240 you've got a palm at 15 burmese as well burmese one of the only other ones you can also find
wFmE1RuPp7y-00029-00015240-00015680 in the honey trees so the main two you want to focus on is heracross and vermee then you have
wFmE1RuPp7y-00030-00015680-00016400 cherubi combi at 20 percent cherokee at 15 and wormpole just sitting there at 30 there's a lot of
wFmE1RuPp7y-00031-00016400-00016976 complicated videos and information about certain trees being munchlax trees which is a possibility
wFmE1RuPp7y-00032-00016976-00017408 it's three to four trees in your game that could have the munchlex but the problem is they all
wFmE1RuPp7y-00033-00017408-00017872 jarbo up their different tables and still could give you the same pokemon that you can find in any
wFmE1RuPp7y-00034-00017872-00018448 tree basically the only way for you to know if you have a munchlax tree is for a munchlax to spawn
wFmE1RuPp7y-00035-00018448-00018984 you can save before the tree and shiny hunt that pokemon before you encounter it that's literally
wFmE1RuPp7y-00036-00018984-00019504 the only benefit of the tree otherwise treat it as a regular tree and go for the heracross
wFmE1RuPp7y-00037-00019504-00019984 and the burme if you go to your map and hit plus you'll notice you have location information you
wFmE1RuPp7y-00038-00019984-00020496 can see berries you can see all the trees in the game and if you count there are 21 trees
wFmE1RuPp7y-00039-00020496-00021000 and these are all the locations for them when you go ahead and slather honey you'll then get a icon
wFmE1RuPp7y-00040-00021000-00021568 that fills in the tree you will then start to get a sparkling tree that they're ready for you to go
wFmE1RuPp7y-00041-00021568-00022080 ahead and check the tree there are a few rules about the honey trees that you guys need to know
wFmE1RuPp7y-00042-00022080-00022768 number one once you apply the honey it's going to take six real world hours for something to appear
wFmE1RuPp7y-00043-00022768-00023176 in the trees it could take more than six hours but after the six hour mark it's
wFmE1RuPp7y-00044-00023176-00023840 going to take 24 hours from that time till the pokemon disappears number two do not
wFmE1RuPp7y-00045-00023840-00024472 time skip or date skip this will cause the trees to reset or not work properly number three make
wFmE1RuPp7y-00046-00024472-00025104 sure you save before your tree encounter just in case you want to decide to shiny hunt that pokemon
wFmE1RuPp7y-00047-00025104-00025608 and number four the moment you encounter that pokemon and complete that encounter when checking
wFmE1RuPp7y-00048-00025608-00026136 just simply reapply the honey again while you're there so you don't have to make an entire journey
wFmE1RuPp7y-00049-00026136-00026583 around just to apply the honey you do it while you're checking it i'll now be showing you how
wFmE1RuPp7y-00050-00026583-00027032 to get to all the honey trees literally just live gameplay of me going through it and after
wFmE1RuPp7y-00051-00027032-00027472 that we're gonna start checking the trees to see what we get and then that surprise encounter we
wFmE1RuPp7y-00052-00027472-00028016 have at the end okay so the first one you're gonna be placing the honey on is in the flower
wFmE1RuPp7y-00053-00028016-00028672 flower flowerly metal then you're gonna go over to the valley wind works and go to the tree here
wFmE1RuPp7y-00054-00028672-00029168 slap some honey on this is literally to the right of floroma town then after this you're
wFmE1RuPp7y-00055-00029168-00029792 gonna go a little bit north right over to route 205 and place some honey there go further north
wFmE1RuPp7y-00056-00029792-00030520 from here go around this hiker go around this grass you got surf on or you reach surf at this
wFmE1RuPp7y-00057-00030520-00031072 point go through this area i'm surprised nothing in the game really made us go to this building
wFmE1RuPp7y-00058-00031072-00031608 this building just sits here the fuego ironworks i don't even know this existed until i took surf
wFmE1RuPp7y-00059-00031608-00032127 you apply honey as well in this tree then after this you're going to fly over to cantalave city
wFmE1RuPp7y-00060-00032192-00033000 go down and exit to the right then you'll be on route 218 you'll see a tree place the honey there
wFmE1RuPp7y-00061-00033296-00033832 next tree you're going to go to is fly over to orburg city which is the rock gym area
wFmE1RuPp7y-00062-00033832-00034296 you're just gonna go north of the city if you got your bike get it ready you're gonna climb up this
wFmE1RuPp7y-00063-00034296-00034944 little sand hill you'll find another tree here slap some honey on this then go further north
wFmE1RuPp7y-00064-00034944-00035392 cut through this little bark here and then you'll find one right underneath the bicycling route
wFmE1RuPp7y-00065-00035552-00035664 place your honey on that
wFmE1RuPp7y-00066-00035936-00036208 nice then you're gonna head over to eternal city
wFmE1RuPp7y-00067-00036280-00036800 go over there to the left of it apply some honey slap it
wFmE1RuPp7y-00068-00037032-00037656 continue on going to the left of eterna city cross this little bridge here see this little path
wFmE1RuPp7y-00069-00037656-00038584 follow it down cut go through that make a left and then you'll find another honey tree at this point
wFmE1RuPp7y-00070-00038584-00039088 right here this is like the secret entrance or the secret behind area of eternal city
wFmE1RuPp7y-00071-00039088-00039568 next you're gonna go to celestic town and once you're there you're gonna head to the left of it
wFmE1RuPp7y-00072-00040080-00040440 and the tree should be right there go ahead put some honey on it
wFmE1RuPp7y-00073-00040760-00041208 next on the list you're going to go to harthome city so go ahead fly over there this one's going
wFmE1RuPp7y-00074-00041208-00041688 to be easy you're going to go all the way down here and then exit out of the west exit first
wFmE1RuPp7y-00075-00041904-00042344 which will bring you on route 208 there's a tree right over here slap some honey on it
wFmE1RuPp7y-00076-00042544-00043192 go back into the city then go south of the city to route 212 and then you're going to see another
wFmE1RuPp7y-00077-00043192-00043880 tree in this little area enclosed slap some honey on that then i flew back to harthome city and
wFmE1RuPp7y-00078-00043880-00044744 i went right to the east exit keep going to the right across this bridge here a lot of joggers in
wFmE1RuPp7y-00079-00044744-00045360 this area then place the honey right here after that head north all the way up all the way up
wFmE1RuPp7y-00080-00046376-00047064 see the little tree here and slap it with honey great now you're gonna move on route 215
wFmE1RuPp7y-00081-00047064-00047400 go up this bridge come down these stairs there's the next tree
wFmE1RuPp7y-00082-00047736-00048000 after this you're going to fly over to pastoria city
wFmE1RuPp7y-00083-00048080-00048344 get to pastoria city and you're going to come down here
wFmE1RuPp7y-00084-00048504-00049264 keep going down exit to the west part you'll be on route 212 it's it's gonna become very rainy you're
wFmE1RuPp7y-00085-00049264-00049752 gonna see a lot of grass here if you have repels turn one on so you can avoid this this is probably
wFmE1RuPp7y-00086-00049752-00050312 one of the most annoying trees to get to because of all the muck and puddles but yeah slap some on
wFmE1RuPp7y-00087-00050312-00050936 here i then fly right back to the exact same city again and i go towards the east exit this time
wFmE1RuPp7y-00088-00051200-00051408 this will lead me to route 213
wFmE1RuPp7y-00089-00051536-00051944 where i'm going to go down here and there's going to be a rock that you're going gonna have to use
wFmE1RuPp7y-00090-00051944-00052536 the rock smash on another secret tree is hidden here amongst all these so go ahead slap some honey
wFmE1RuPp7y-00091-00052536-00053384 on this tree then head over to veilstone city from veilstone city you're gonna exit south of the city
wFmE1RuPp7y-00092-00053472-00053760 go down to route 214 continue on down
wFmE1RuPp7y-00093-00053840-00054784 to this fencing area keep going a lot of fences here a lot of fences here
wFmE1RuPp7y-00094-00054848-00055328 then you'll see the tree come around to it then slap some honey on it
wFmE1RuPp7y-00095-00055655-00056152 next place you want to go is all the way to sunny shore from sunny source city i
wFmE1RuPp7y-00096-00056152-00056608 exit to the west route 222 and it's gonna be right there at the north part of this
wFmE1RuPp7y-00097-00056848-00057536 then fly over to romanus park which is the end game stuff and then head left to romana's park
wFmE1RuPp7y-00098-00057536-00057840 and slap some honey on the tree right here
wFmE1RuPp7y-00099-00057991-00058488 finally you're gonna go back to celestic town i i saved this one for last cause i found this one
wFmE1RuPp7y-00100-00058488-00058928 a lot more annoying than doing this at the beginning of celestic town so i go to the right
wFmE1RuPp7y-00101-00058928-00059440 gotta keep going gotta go up cross this bridge so it's quite the journey to get to this tree
wFmE1RuPp7y-00102-00059567-00060055 keep going i take the rock rock climb go go back up perfect
wFmE1RuPp7y-00103-00060240-00060816 go down then there's a little tree in this enclosure and i slap the bark with honey and
wFmE1RuPp7y-00104-00060816-00061255 we're pretty much done now time to show you guys some of the pokemon that i got
wFmE1RuPp7y-00105-00061255-00061664 okay so i'm basically going to show you guys all the unique highlights i got through these
wFmE1RuPp7y-00106-00061664-00062264 trees and then cut to the last clip but the first tree is not heracross it is a worm pool
wFmE1RuPp7y-00107-00062320-00062736 very cool caterpillar then we're going to go to the valley woodworks try to get hair across we get
wFmE1RuPp7y-00108-00062736-00063376 a combi not too bad we get the next tree this tree does not show up nothing showed up here okay we're
wFmE1RuPp7y-00109-00063376-00063967 gonna keep moving on this tree is a silicon not also a haircut maybe there's a hair cross inside
wFmE1RuPp7y-00110-00063967-00064608 of that check out this tree can it be it was shaking it is an apom never mind not a hair across
wFmE1RuPp7y-00111-00064664-00065120 this tree can maybe be a hair cross nope it's a burmese but this is pretty good because
wFmE1RuPp7y-00112-00065120-00065784 this is also very unique to that area or to the honey trees then we got a cherubi
wFmE1RuPp7y-00113-00065968-00066680 and finally the last clip okay this is the last one babe i don't even want to make this video
wFmE1RuPp7y-00114-00066680-00067384 i literally like went into all 20 trees and haven't gotten anything that's true
wFmE1RuPp7y-00115-00068200-00068832 oh we got it oh
wFmE1RuPp7y-00116-00068832-00069232 i was literally gonna oh my god i thought i had to wait another six hours i'm gonna
wFmE1RuPp7y-00117-00069232-00070184 throw a premier ball at this and secure it secure it secure it secure it one two three
wFmE1RuPp7y-00118-00070240-00070760 yes and that everyone is the ultimate honey tree guide in a nutshell the feeling you get when
wFmE1RuPp7y-00119-00070760-00071272 you get air across was absolutely amazing i was ready to quit but i got really lucky at the end
wFmE1RuPp7y-00120-00071272-00071688 if you enjoyed this video make sure to hit that like button subscribe for more content
wFmE1RuPp7y-00121-00071688-00072208 like this and i will see you guys in the next video this is philly beats you and i'm out
wGAHAmXavbQ-00000-00000122-00000631 hello and welcome to today's presentation by my solo 401k financial
wGAHAmXavbQ-00001-00000631-00001107 in today's webinar will be going through some very important compliance do's and
wGAHAmXavbQ-00002-00001107-00001767 don'ts related to solo 401k plans my name is George blower and the principle
wGAHAmXavbQ-00003-00001767-00002259 and general counsel of my solo 401k financial in today's presentation we
wGAHAmXavbQ-00004-00002259-00002799 won't be giving any legal advice tax advice nor investment advice instead our
wGAHAmXavbQ-00005-00002799-00003671 focus will be educational so let's get started on this first slide we'll give
wGAHAmXavbQ-00006-00003671-00004200 an overview of the topics that we will be going over again this will be
wGAHAmXavbQ-00007-00004200-00004809 important do's and don'ts related to solo 401k plans will first be going
wGAHAmXavbQ-00008-00004809-00005451 through important topics related to account opening an account setup then
wGAHAmXavbQ-00009-00005451-00006461 we'll discuss rollovers contributions distributions loans investing in real
wGAHAmXavbQ-00010-00006461-00007193 estate and finally important filing reporting and deadline topics so let's
wGAHAmXavbQ-00011-00007193-00007943 get started under account opening and setup the first thing that you want to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00012-00007943-00008520 do is confirm that you are self-employed this is a very important threshold topic
wGAHAmXavbQ-00013-00008520-00009286 as in order to set up and qualify for a solo 401k you need to be self-employed
wGAHAmXavbQ-00014-00009286-00010025 in the words of the IRS if you look at their guidance and IRS Publication 560
wGAHAmXavbQ-00015-00010025-00010811 they shed some light on what that means it essentially boils down to making
wGAHAmXavbQ-00016-00010811-00011502 money off of your personal effort so common examples of self-employment
wGAHAmXavbQ-00017-00011502-00012143 activity would include serving as a consultant perhaps an attorney or
wGAHAmXavbQ-00018-00012143-00012572 providing some other type of professional services maybe a realtor
wGAHAmXavbQ-00019-00012572-00013109 all of these are common examples of what would be considered to be
wGAHAmXavbQ-00020-00013109-00013379 self-employment activity examples that are not
wGAHAmXavbQ-00021-00013379-00014147 self-employment would be having a w-2 job where you were receiving come on on
wGAHAmXavbQ-00022-00014147-00014719 a w-2 and that instance you're not self-employed rather you're an employee
wGAHAmXavbQ-00023-00014719-00015359 in addition to being self-employed in order to qualify to set up a solo 401k
wGAHAmXavbQ-00024-00015359-00016038 you cannot have any full-time w-2 employees so full-time for purposes of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00025-00016038-00016533 this discussion is going to be someone who's working at least a thousand hours
wGAHAmXavbQ-00026-00016533-00017025 or more so if you have w-2 employees working for you that are working at
wGAHAmXavbQ-00027-00017025-00017496 least a thousand hours or more you are not going to be eligible eligible to set
wGAHAmXavbQ-00028-00017496-00018189 up a solo 401k of course if you are working with 1099 independent
wGAHAmXavbQ-00029-00018189-00018918 contractors that won't preclude you from establishing a solo 401k when you set up
wGAHAmXavbQ-00030-00018918-00019710 a solo 401k you do want to adopt an IRS approved qualified 401k plan and you'll
wGAHAmXavbQ-00031-00019710-00020292 know this because your provider should provide you with a favorable
wGAHAmXavbQ-00032-00020292-00020760 determination letter from the IRS which confirms that the plan that's been
wGAHAmXavbQ-00033-00020760-00021789 established meets the requirements to be a 401 K now you need to open up an
wGAHAmXavbQ-00034-00021789-00022413 account we're the money that will be contributed or rolled over to the plan
wGAHAmXavbQ-00035-00022413-00023022 will be held this account needs to be at a financial institution such as a bank
wGAHAmXavbQ-00036-00023022-00023595 or a brokerage these could be your local bank it could be a national bank such as
wGAHAmXavbQ-00037-00023595-00024204 Wells Fargo in addition to that there are a number of brokerage firms that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00038-00024204-00024876 will open up accounts in the name of the solo 401k such as fidelity and Schwab
wGAHAmXavbQ-00039-00024876-00025401 just to name a couple our company for instance works for many many different
wGAHAmXavbQ-00040-00025401-00025848 finance works with many many different financial institutions but those are
wGAHAmXavbQ-00041-00025848-00026411 some popular examples when you open up the account you don't
wGAHAmXavbQ-00042-00026411-00026900 want to open it up in your name but instead it needs to be opened up in the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00043-00026900-00027445 name of the solo 401k moreover you don't want to open up the account using your
wGAHAmXavbQ-00044-00027445-00027995 business or personal tax ID instead you'll need to open up that account in
wGAHAmXavbQ-00045-00027995-00029008 an EIN that's been obtained from the IRS specifically for that solo 401k and a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00046-00029008-00029687 good practical reason for that is because if there is any type of income
wGAHAmXavbQ-00047-00029687-00030070 that's reported with respect to that account say for instance that the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00048-00030070-00030777 account is earning interest in a 1099 int is issued for that interest income
wGAHAmXavbQ-00049-00030777-00031258 well that interest is being earned on a 401 K so that's generally going to be
wGAHAmXavbQ-00050-00031258-00031967 tax deferred and so if that account was opened up didn't open up in your name or
wGAHAmXavbQ-00051-00031967-00032591 perhaps in your business name then the IRS would likely be looking for that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00052-00032591-00033158 interest income on your business or tax return by having having the account in
wGAHAmXavbQ-00053-00033158-00033743 the name in the ein of the 401 K the IRS is going to know that this is this
wGAHAmXavbQ-00054-00033743-00034586 income is being earned on attacks deferred entities such as a 401k when
wGAHAmXavbQ-00055-00034586-00035000 you open up those sub accounts for the 401 K you're not going to want to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00056-00035000-00035756 combine pre-tax and Roth money instead you need to open up two sub accounts one
wGAHAmXavbQ-00057-00035756-00036134 would be for the pre-tax money and another would be for the Roth money
wGAHAmXavbQ-00058-00036134-00036614 because it's very important to keep those pre-tax and post tax dollars
wGAHAmXavbQ-00059-00036614-00037388 segregated and finally in opening up and setting up a solo 401 K you don't want
wGAHAmXavbQ-00060-00037388-00037958 to combine funds for spouses in a single sub-account it's going to make your life
wGAHAmXavbQ-00061-00037958-00038636 much easier for tracking purposes or if some other situation to arise such as a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00062-00038636-00039135 death or divorce if spouses funds are kept in
wGAHAmXavbQ-00063-00039135-00039684 separate sub accounts so for example you might have one bank account in the name
wGAHAmXavbQ-00064-00039684-00040158 of the plan for the benefit of the husband and then a second bank account
wGAHAmXavbQ-00065-00040158-00040757 in the name of the plan for the benefit of the wife and then going further both
wGAHAmXavbQ-00066-00040757-00041340 individuals have both pre-tax and Roth money then each individual would have
wGAHAmXavbQ-00067-00041340-00041853 two accounts so you could have four accounts that are set up for a single
wGAHAmXavbQ-00068-00041853-00042896 solo 401k plan so let's move on to rollovers when you transfer funds from a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00069-00042896-00043509 pre-existing retirement account to a solo 401k it's going to be important to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00070-00043509-00044184 follow specific procedures for example if you're rolling over from an IRA you
wGAHAmXavbQ-00071-00044184-00044610 do want to transfer the funds as a direct rollover you don't want to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00072-00044610-00045054 transfer the funds as an indirect rollover and the reason for that stems
wGAHAmXavbQ-00073-00045054-00045612 from some relatively recent regulatory guidance indicating that you could only
wGAHAmXavbQ-00074-00045612-00046113 do one indirect rollover regardless of the number of IRA accounts that you have
wGAHAmXavbQ-00075-00046113-00046563 per 12-month period if you do more than one it's going to be considered to be a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00076-00046563-00047277 distribution so you want to roll that money over as a direct rollover so when
wGAHAmXavbQ-00077-00047277-00047787 you're working with your provider or the existing the entity the entity that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00078-00047787-00048186 holds that existing IRA you want to make sure that you're indicating that the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00079-00048186-00048774 money is being transferred to a qualified 401k employer plan so that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00080-00048774-00049412 they know how to report it when you're transferring from a former employer plan
wGAHAmXavbQ-00081-00049412-00049962 similar similarly you want to do that as a trustee to trustee transfer so that's
wGAHAmXavbQ-00082-00049962-00050397 similar to a direct rollover except that's for a former employer plan you're
wGAHAmXavbQ-00083-00050397-00051120 transferring those funds as a trustee to trustee transfer you do want to confirm
wGAHAmXavbQ-00084-00051120-00051830 that a 1099 are with the Kouji in box 7 is issued for the transfer because this
wGAHAmXavbQ-00085-00051830-00052488 transfer is a reportable event but it's not a taxable event so by issuing that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00086-00052488-00053094 1099-r with the koji at box 7 that indicates of the IRS that the transfer
wGAHAmXavbQ-00087-00053094-00053645 was not taxable in other words that the money went to another retirement plan
wGAHAmXavbQ-00088-00053645-00054380 you do want to confirm that the transfer check is payable to the solo 401k so
wGAHAmXavbQ-00089-00054380-00054879 oftentimes when you initiate that transfer the transferring institution is
wGAHAmXavbQ-00090-00054879-00055335 going to transfer those funds via check and so you want to make sure that you
wGAHAmXavbQ-00091-00055335-00055863 let them know to make the check payable to the solo 401k rather than making it
wGAHAmXavbQ-00092-00055863-00056511 payable to you personally again you don't want to transfer funds as an
wGAHAmXavbQ-00093-00056511-00056954 indirect rollover you don't want to deposit the transfer check in your
wGAHAmXavbQ-00094-00056954-00057365 business or personal account because that's going to look like a distribution
wGAHAmXavbQ-00095-00057365-00057927 again you're just transferring over and over to do to another retirement account
wGAHAmXavbQ-00096-00057927-00058539 in this case a solo 401k so the funds need to go directly to that solo 401k
wGAHAmXavbQ-00097-00058539-00059366 account you don't want to transfer funds from a Roth IRA into a solo 401k because
wGAHAmXavbQ-00098-00059366-00059985 of the IRA rules you cannot transfer money from a Roth IRA to a 401k you
wGAHAmXavbQ-00099-00059985-00060614 could transfer Roth 401k funds but not Roth IRA funds and the reason for that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00100-00060614-00061251 comes down to there are different distribution rules there's different
wGAHAmXavbQ-00101-00061251-00062049 ways that the 5-year period is calculated for Ira vs. 401 K Roth 401 K
wGAHAmXavbQ-00102-00062049-00062478 accounts so you're not going to be able to move those funds and again that's
wGAHAmXavbQ-00103-00062478-00063225 because of the IRA rules you don't want to transfer pre-tax funds directly to a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00104-00063225-00063951 roth solo 401 K so if your 401 k plan your solo 401 k plan allows you to have
wGAHAmXavbQ-00105-00063951-00064679 roth funds such as our plan and you're looking to put money into that raw
wGAHAmXavbQ-00106-00064679-00065061 sub-account where the money is going to be coming
wGAHAmXavbQ-00107-00065061-00065712 from an existing pre-tax retirement account such as the traditional IRA the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00108-00065712-00066147 funds need to go through a two-step process they're first going to go from
wGAHAmXavbQ-00109-00066147-00066777 the pre-tax existing account to the new pre-tax sub account under the solo 401 K
wGAHAmXavbQ-00110-00066777-00067308 and then they would be converted from the pre-tax sub account under the solo
wGAHAmXavbQ-00111-00067308-00067818 401k to the Roth account and obviously your provider is going to need to take
wGAHAmXavbQ-00112-00067818-00068250 care of the required reporting and that's going to be a taxable event but
wGAHAmXavbQ-00113-00068250-00068748 you do want to make sure that the money flow is consistent where it goes from a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00114-00068748-00069468 pre-tax to a pre-tax and then to the Roth sub account so let's go on and talk
wGAHAmXavbQ-00115-00069468-00070128 about contributions this is another key topic and under under contributions the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00116-00070128-00070539 first and basic concept anytime you're talking about contributions is you want
wGAHAmXavbQ-00117-00070539-00071205 to make those contributions based on your self-employment income a key
wGAHAmXavbQ-00118-00071205-00071541 takeaway here that you're never going to be able to make contributions in excess
wGAHAmXavbQ-00119-00071541-00071967 of your self-employment income even though the overall limit that applies to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00120-00071967-00072591 you might be fifty three thousand or fifty nine thousand for 2016 based on
wGAHAmXavbQ-00121-00072591-00072975 your age if you don't have sufficient self-employment income you're not going
wGAHAmXavbQ-00122-00072975-00073422 to be able to max out those contributions in determining your
wGAHAmXavbQ-00123-00073422-00073851 self-employment income you do want to aggregate from all sources of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00124-00073851-00074376 self-employment income so if you are in a position where you have multiple
wGAHAmXavbQ-00125-00074376-00074958 sources of self-employment income for example you might be a realtor and you
wGAHAmXavbQ-00126-00074958-00075438 might also have some other business as well so that you've got multiple sources
wGAHAmXavbQ-00127-00075438-00075885 of self-employment income well you need to aggregate those sources of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00128-00075885-00076545 self-employment income in determining how much you can contribute you do want
wGAHAmXavbQ-00129-00076545-00077154 to confirm that the plan the solo 401k plan was adopted by December 31st of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00130-00077154-00077772 your first contribution year so when you make contributions you the deadline to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00131-00077772-00078372 do that is actually when that when your tax return is due so if you're taxed as
wGAHAmXavbQ-00132-00078372-00078782 a sole proprietorship and you're reporting that self-employment income on
wGAHAmXavbQ-00133-00078782-00079332 your personal tax return on Schedule C you know your tax return
wGAHAmXavbQ-00134-00079332-00079794 of course is due in April so you actually have up until April or even
wGAHAmXavbQ-00135-00079794-00080427 later if you file a timely extension to make those contributions for the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00136-00080427-00081004 previous year say for 2015 but you would have need to have had adopted the plan
wGAHAmXavbQ-00137-00081004-00081547 by December 31st of 2015 if you want to make those contributions in the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00138-00081547-00082249 following year do consider any contributions made to your w2 employer
wGAHAmXavbQ-00139-00082249-00082763 sponsored plan so you might be in a situation where you have a w-2 day job
wGAHAmXavbQ-00140-00082763-00083370 and you're participating in your w2 employer sponsored plan and you're
wGAHAmXavbQ-00141-00083370-00083830 making contributions you could be say maxed out putting in eighteen thousand
wGAHAmXavbQ-00142-00083830-00084379 dollars if you're under fifty two your w-2 employer sponsored plan well you're
wGAHAmXavbQ-00143-00084379-00084730 still gonna if you have self-employment income you're still going to be able to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00144-00084730-00085382 make contributions to the solo 401k but you'll have to consider those
wGAHAmXavbQ-00145-00085382-00086080 contributions made to your employer sponsored plan so in terms of making
wGAHAmXavbQ-00146-00086080-00086595 contributions to a solo 401k you're able to make two types you're able to make
wGAHAmXavbQ-00147-00086595-00087199 both employee contributions as well as employer so the employee limit if you're
wGAHAmXavbQ-00148-00087199-00087679 under 50 is $18,000 and that the the contributions you make
wGAHAmXavbQ-00149-00087679-00088198 to any other plan are going to be aggregated and the reason for that is
wGAHAmXavbQ-00150-00088198-00088705 that the employee limit applies at the employee level so it's going to consider
wGAHAmXavbQ-00151-00088705-00089248 plans made to our contributions made to all plans that you're participating in
wGAHAmXavbQ-00152-00089248-00089730 so if you're maxed out under your employer sponsored plan you won't be
wGAHAmXavbQ-00153-00089730-00090105 able to make any more employee contributions but you could still make
wGAHAmXavbQ-00154-00090105-00090945 employer contributions to your solo 401k plan next you're not going to be able or
wGAHAmXavbQ-00155-00090945-00091498 you don't want to make any contributions in excess of the contribution limits so
wGAHAmXavbQ-00156-00091498-00091855 again you're gonna there's multiple factors to consider one is age another
wGAHAmXavbQ-00157-00091855-00092356 is your self-employment income another is how the business is being
wGAHAmXavbQ-00158-00092356-00092791 hacks and then of course you have the overall contribution limits of fifty
wGAHAmXavbQ-00159-00092791-00093268 three and fifty nine thousand so you want to make sure that you factor all
wGAHAmXavbQ-00160-00093268-00093847 that in and don't make contributions in excess of the contribution limits you
wGAHAmXavbQ-00161-00093847-00094225 don't want to make contributions in excess of your self-employment income as
wGAHAmXavbQ-00162-00094225-00094666 we've we've been discussing a fundamental concept is you're not able
wGAHAmXavbQ-00163-00094666-00095283 to make contributions higher than your actual self-employment income and of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00164-00095283-00095737 course you're not going to be able to make contributions based on your w-2
wGAHAmXavbQ-00165-00095737-00096205 wages if you have a day job you can only make contributions again
wGAHAmXavbQ-00166-00096205-00096702 based on your self-employment income you don't want to deposit Roth contributions
wGAHAmXavbQ-00167-00096702-00097200 in the pre-tax sub-account so you might be in a position where you're making
wGAHAmXavbQ-00168-00097200-00097747 Roth contributions to a solo 401k it's going to be important to deposit those
wGAHAmXavbQ-00169-00097747-00098374 contributions in the Roth sub account rather than a pre-tax account you don't
wGAHAmXavbQ-00170-00098374-00098905 want to make contributions after your tax return deadline including extensions
wGAHAmXavbQ-00171-00098905-00099460 so again as long as you set up the plan by December 31st you're going to be able
wGAHAmXavbQ-00172-00099460-00099904 to make contributions for that year all the way up until the tax return is due
wGAHAmXavbQ-00173-00099904-00100501 for your business including any timely filing timely filed extensions but of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00174-00100501-00100947 course you're not going to be able to make contributions after that deadline
wGAHAmXavbQ-00175-00100947-00101692 okay so let's go on to distributions so when when you take a distribution from a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00176-00101692-00102268 401k there's going to be a mandatory withholding a 20% mandatory withholding
wGAHAmXavbQ-00177-00102268-00102831 so that mandatory withholding tax needs to be paid by the 15th of the following
wGAHAmXavbQ-00178-00102831-00103008 month so you do want to make sure you pay
wGAHAmXavbQ-00179-00103008-00103520 about the 15th of the following month it's gonna be sent directly to the IRS
wGAHAmXavbQ-00180-00103520-00104266 you do need to file Form 945 by January 31st of the following year to report
wGAHAmXavbQ-00181-00104266-00104866 that withholding you want to make sure you do that a 1099 r will need to be
wGAHAmXavbQ-00182-00104866-00105442 filed by February or the following year as well and oftentimes the 401k provider
wGAHAmXavbQ-00183-00105442-00105834 will handle that for example we handle that for our
wGAHAmXavbQ-00184-00105834-00106424 you do want to confirm that a Roth distribution is qualified so typically
wGAHAmXavbQ-00185-00106424-00106928 that's going to mean holding that or having made that Roth contribution the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00186-00106928-00107390 initial one at least five years prior to the distribution and then being at least
wGAHAmXavbQ-00187-00107390-00107798 fifty nine and a half before you take that distribution otherwise that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00188-00107798-00108200 distribution will be taxable which of course defeats the whole purpose of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00189-00108200-00108817 setting up a Roth in the first place when you take a distribution and pay the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00190-00108817-00109292 mandatory withholding you don't want to use your personal or business tax ID
wGAHAmXavbQ-00191-00109292-00109739 you're going to want to use the employer identification number that was obtained
wGAHAmXavbQ-00192-00109739-00110213 for the 401k plan during the establishment process so you want to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00193-00110213-00110635 make sure you use the right tax ID number when paying that mandatory
wGAHAmXavbQ-00194-00110635-00111325 withholding tax you don't want to distribute any employee or employer
wGAHAmXavbQ-00195-00111325-00111965 contributions if no qualifying event occurred such as separation for from
wGAHAmXavbQ-00196-00111965-00112529 employment or some type of hardship event you want to make sure you look at
wGAHAmXavbQ-00197-00112529-00112979 those rules before you distribute any employee or employee employer
wGAHAmXavbQ-00198-00112979-00113489 contributions made to the solo 401k you don't want to fail to report the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00199-00113489-00114067 distribution on your personal income tax return of course typically these the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00200-00114067-00114614 distribution is going to be taxable you know if you're taking money that was
wGAHAmXavbQ-00201-00114614-00115058 pre-tax so you put it in without paying tax essentially you're gonna have to pay
wGAHAmXavbQ-00202-00115058-00115459 tax on that money so when you take that distribution even if you're avoiding the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00203-00115459-00116069 penalty it's typically always going to be taxable finally you don't want to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00204-00116069-00116477 fail to pay the ten percent penalty of applicable so if you take that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00205-00116477-00116930 distribution before you're 59 and a half or there's no there's no hardship you
wGAHAmXavbQ-00206-00116930-00117416 know you're gonna have to pay a 10% penalty so it's going to be important to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00207-00117416-00118035 take care of that in connection with taking that distribution okay
wGAHAmXavbQ-00208-00118035-00118665 so let's go on to do's and dont's related to solo 401k loans so the loans
wGAHAmXavbQ-00209-00118665-00119151 that were we are referring to here are participant loans these are loans that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00210-00119151-00119580 you are taking from your own plan you know you're borrowing borrowing from
wGAHAmXavbQ-00211-00119580-00120583 your 401k so if your 401k plan provides or supports loans you can certainly do
wGAHAmXavbQ-00212-00120583-00120933 that but you want to make sure you follow the rules because there are very
wGAHAmXavbQ-00213-00120933-00121450 specific steps to ensure that that that loan is not going to be considered to be
wGAHAmXavbQ-00214-00121450-00121924 a taxable distribution you do want to document the loan that's one of the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00215-00121924-00122328 basic concepts and oftentimes the provider will take care of that for
wGAHAmXavbQ-00216-00122328-00122800 example we handle all the loan documentation requirements for no
wGAHAmXavbQ-00217-00122800-00123472 additional charge for our clients you do want to make payments on a monthly or
wGAHAmXavbQ-00218-00123472-00124072 quarterly basis so when you're paying back that loan you need to do it either
wGAHAmXavbQ-00219-00124072-00124474 on a monthly or quarterly basis you're gonna be paying principal and interest
wGAHAmXavbQ-00220-00124474-00124975 so you do need to pay a reasonable interest rate and of course you want to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00221-00124975-00125415 deposit those loan payments in the solo 401k account so it's going to be that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00222-00125415-00125790 bank or the brokerage account that you set up for the plan at the beginning of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00223-00125790-00126424 the process you don't want to take a loan in excess of the limit including
wGAHAmXavbQ-00224-00126424-00127021 multiple loan rules so the limit that applies is going to be fifty percent not
wGAHAmXavbQ-00225-00127021-00127450 to exceed fifty thousand dollars so if you've got a hundred thousand dollars in
wGAHAmXavbQ-00226-00127450-00127863 your plan then you're gonna be able to take a fifty thousand dollar loan if
wGAHAmXavbQ-00227-00127863-00128190 you've got a hundred and fifty thousand dollars you're still only gonna be able
wGAHAmXavbQ-00228-00128190-00128644 to take a fifty thousand dollar loan now in determining that you want to make
wGAHAmXavbQ-00229-00128644-00129124 sure that you consider the multiple loan rules of course if you have multiple
wGAHAmXavbQ-00230-00129124-00129588 loans out or an existing loan out and you've already taped be already you
wGAHAmXavbQ-00231-00129588-00130086 borrow the limit you're not going to be able to borrow any more money from your
wGAHAmXavbQ-00232-00130086-00130629 plan another thing to consider is the 12-month look-back rule so let's say you
wGAHAmXavbQ-00233-00130629-00130986 took a fifty thousand dollar loan you have a hundred thousand dollars in your
wGAHAmXavbQ-00234-00130986-00131448 plan then you paid it back within six months
wGAHAmXavbQ-00235-00131448-00132033 so you paid it back early well you're not gonna be able to turn around and
wGAHAmXavbQ-00236-00132033-00132554 take another $50,000 loan the next month and the reason for that is the 12 month
wGAHAmXavbQ-00237-00132554-00133020 look-back rule so essentially that rule looks as you look back to the prior 12
wGAHAmXavbQ-00238-00133020-00133521 months to see what the highest outstanding balance was and if you've
wGAHAmXavbQ-00239-00133521-00133932 already maxed out in the prior 12 months you're not going to be able to take
wGAHAmXavbQ-00240-00133932-00134499 another loan until you until more time goes by you don't want to take a loan
wGAHAmXavbQ-00241-00134499-00134961 without first obtaining required loan documents so as I mentioned one of the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00242-00134961-00135570 basic requirements is that the loan needs to be documented so you want to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00243-00135570-00135840 make sure that you were first documenting the loan before you're
wGAHAmXavbQ-00244-00135840-00136295 taking it you don't want to fail to report a loan default as a distribution
wGAHAmXavbQ-00245-00136295-00136752 so if you're not able to make those loan payments back to the plan that's going
wGAHAmXavbQ-00246-00136752-00137229 to be considered to be a distribution you need to follow the the rules that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00247-00137229-00137754 apply to any distribution and of course pay any applicable taxes and penalties
wGAHAmXavbQ-00248-00137754-00138552 you don't want to set a term longer than five years unless the loan is used the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00249-00138552-00138990 purchase of primary residence so the standard term is going to be five years
wGAHAmXavbQ-00250-00138990-00139413 so those monthly or quarterly payments of principal and interest are going to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00251-00139413-00139991 be spread out over five years the one exception where you you're able to uh
wGAHAmXavbQ-00252-00139991-00140571 set a longer term is if you're using the loan to purchase a primary residence of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00253-00140571-00141045 course it's going to be very important to fit right within that exception where
wGAHAmXavbQ-00254-00141045-00141402 you're able to get a longer term so in other words you've got to use the funds
wGAHAmXavbQ-00255-00141402-00141905 to purchase so if you've already got an existing residence and you're simply
wGAHAmXavbQ-00256-00141905-00142616 looking to refinance your say existing bank loan by borrowing money and then
wGAHAmXavbQ-00257-00142616-00143091 paying off that bank loan you're not using those funds to purchase your
wGAHAmXavbQ-00258-00143091-00143544 primary residence you're not able to set a longer term or if you're even if you
wGAHAmXavbQ-00259-00143544-00144171 are purchasing real estate or residence it's not your primary residence
wGAHAmXavbQ-00260-00144171-00144535 you're still not able to set a longer term and you'll have to go with
wGAHAmXavbQ-00261-00144535-00145045 five year term if you do fit within the exception you can set a longer term and
wGAHAmXavbQ-00262-00145045-00145476 you could peg it to the length of an existing mortgage on that on that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00263-00145476-00145960 property so say you have a 30-year mortgage you could actually extend the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00264-00145960-00146599 the term of that solo 401k loan all the way out to 30 years and really lower
wGAHAmXavbQ-00265-00146599-00147325 those payments okay great so let's go on to real estate because that is one of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00266-00147325-00147901 the most common reasons that people set up these solo 401k plans they're looking
wGAHAmXavbQ-00267-00147901-00148578 to diversify their 401k investments and invest in real estate so it's going to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00268-00148578-00149098 be important to follow the rules that apply to real estate investing so one of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00269-00149098-00149485 the fundamental rules is you do want to purchase the property in the name of the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00270-00149485-00149998 solo 401k plan so the title is not going to be in your name it's not going to be
wGAHAmXavbQ-00271-00149998-00150528 in your business name it needs to be in the name of the plan you do want to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00272-00150528-00150985 deposit the proceeds from that real estate investment in the solo 401k
wGAHAmXavbQ-00273-00150985-00151408 account so let's say that you've invested in a rental property
wGAHAmXavbQ-00274-00151408-00152055 well that rental stream of income needs to go back to the solo 401k account so
wGAHAmXavbQ-00275-00152055-00152505 your renters cheques will be deposited saying the bank account that you set up
wGAHAmXavbQ-00276-00152505-00153094 at the beginning of the process for the plan now if you're buying property and
wGAHAmXavbQ-00277-00153094-00153562 you're looking to use debt you can do that within the confines of the rules so
wGAHAmXavbQ-00278-00153562-00154155 the debt that's used to buy the property cannot be conventional financing instead
wGAHAmXavbQ-00279-00154155-00154645 it needs to be non-recourse financing so what non-recourse financing means in
wGAHAmXavbQ-00280-00154645-00155110 simple terms is that the only recourse of the lender is going to be the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00281-00155110-00155898 collateral itself in other words if the loan is not paid back they could go and
wGAHAmXavbQ-00282-00155898-00156346 foreclose on the property but they're not going to be able to go after any
wGAHAmXavbQ-00283-00156346-00156844 money that remains in your solo 401k so it's not going to be like a standard
wGAHAmXavbQ-00284-00156844-00157273 conventional mortgage on someone's personal residence where if you don't
wGAHAmXavbQ-00285-00157273-00157726 pay back that mortgage you know the bank will take your home then they'll turn
wGAHAmXavbQ-00286-00157726-00158039 around and Sue you for the difference after they sell that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00287-00158039-00158648 home and apply it to the balance so this in in a solo 401k in the case of a solo
wGAHAmXavbQ-00288-00158648-00159074 401k it has to be non recourse financing and of course because of the nature of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00289-00159074-00159478 the financing the terms are going to be very different right they're gonna
wGAHAmXavbQ-00290-00159478-00159991 require more money down oftentimes the lender will have a shorter term or maybe
wGAHAmXavbQ-00291-00159991-00160586 a higher rate because of the nature of the financing you do want to consider
wGAHAmXavbQ-00292-00160586-00161130 you vit so with that refers to is unrelated business income tax and so
wGAHAmXavbQ-00293-00161130-00161822 that tax would apply if your 401k is invested in a business and the in the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00294-00161822-00162386 business is taxed as a pass-through entity and so when you apply that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00295-00162386-00162964 concept of you vit to real estate there is a notion that it could apply to a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00296-00162964-00163504 401k that's invested in flips so if you're buying fix and flips and you're
wGAHAmXavbQ-00297-00163504-00164053 doing such a volume of fix and flips through your 401k that could be deemed
wGAHAmXavbQ-00298-00164053-00164651 to be a business and so there is a thought that the IRS could apply you vit
wGAHAmXavbQ-00299-00164651-00165137 to that investment so if you are doing a number of fix and flips you're going to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00300-00165137-00165800 want to consult with your tax advisor to considering you vit implications and
wGAHAmXavbQ-00301-00165800-00166097 whether that income which you would normally think is going to be tax
wGAHAmXavbQ-00302-00166097-00166741 deferred is actually going to be subject to tax you don't want to pay for
wGAHAmXavbQ-00303-00166741-00167282 expenses related to your real estate investment for personal funds with
wGAHAmXavbQ-00304-00167282-00167692 personal funds so just like just like the proceeds from the investment needs
wGAHAmXavbQ-00305-00167692-00168224 to flow back to your 401k account you need to pay for expenses out of that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00306-00168224-00168655 account you know again go back to the simple concept of a rental you know the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00307-00168655-00169250 toilet breaks or it needs to be painted you need to pay for those expenses out
wGAHAmXavbQ-00308-00169250-00169913 of their 401k account you don't want to use the property for personal use or
wGAHAmXavbQ-00309-00169913-00170573 personal benefit so if it's again a rental and it's empty and your relatives
wGAHAmXavbQ-00310-00170573-00171071 are in town you don't want to let them stay there or you use it for your own
wGAHAmXavbQ-00311-00171071-00171358 personal you also don't want to use it for your
wGAHAmXavbQ-00312-00171358-00171814 personal benefit so let's say that you are setting up a solo for when K is a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00313-00171814-00172450 realtor and you're self-employed so you qualify you invest in real estate well
wGAHAmXavbQ-00314-00172450-00172939 if you go to sell that investment you don't want to act as a realtor and get a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00315-00172939-00173428 commission off the sale of that investment that's going to be deemed as
wGAHAmXavbQ-00316-00173428-00173869 you personally benefit benefiting from the investment of your retirement money
wGAHAmXavbQ-00317-00173869-00174475 which is against the rules you don't want to work on the property so no sweat
wGAHAmXavbQ-00318-00174475-00175006 equity so you might be somebody who likes to do it yourself or you might
wGAHAmXavbQ-00319-00175006-00175623 have that skill set where you are able to fix properties up so if you're
wGAHAmXavbQ-00320-00175623-00176095 investing in real estate through your solo 401k you would want to make sure
wGAHAmXavbQ-00321-00176095-00176524 that you don't work on the property so the toilet breaks or it needs to be
wGAHAmXavbQ-00322-00176524-00176881 painted you're gonna need to hire somebody else you have to hire a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00323-00176881-00177475 contractor to take care of that work and you don't want to buy or sell properties
wGAHAmXavbQ-00324-00177475-00178015 from this qualified persons so you you wouldn't want to buy up your dad's
wGAHAmXavbQ-00325-00178015-00178741 property from your 401k or sell it to your spouse or from yourself so when
wGAHAmXavbQ-00326-00178741-00179221 you're buying and selling properties you want to make sure that you only transact
wGAHAmXavbQ-00327-00179221-00179869 with unrelated or disqualified persons undisclosed 5 persons 3rd parties that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00328-00179869-00180435 is okay so let's go on to the final slide when we're going to go over
wGAHAmXavbQ-00329-00180435-00181156 important filing reporting and deadline concepts so if the balance of the solo
wGAHAmXavbQ-00330-00181156-00181696 401k exceeds two hundred and fifty thousand dollars you need to file a 5500
wGAHAmXavbQ-00331-00181696-00182245 easy and again oftentimes the provider will take care of this so for example we
wGAHAmXavbQ-00332-00182245-00182797 prepared 5500 disease for our clients for no additional charge now if the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00333-00182797-00183286 balance exceeds 250 thousand dollars because that's when the 5500 filing
wGAHAmXavbQ-00334-00183286-00184000 requirement would kick in you do want to adopt a 401k plan by December 31st of
wGAHAmXavbQ-00335-00184000-00184411 the year the first contribution so again this goes back to our contribution
wGAHAmXavbQ-00336-00184411-00184767 discussion so you're gonna make contributions for a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00337-00184767-00185178 specific year the plan would have need to have been adopted by December 31st
wGAHAmXavbQ-00338-00185178-00185913 that year you do want to report any distributions on a 1099 are by February
wGAHAmXavbQ-00339-00185913-00186286 of the following year so be so again just highlighting this important
wGAHAmXavbQ-00340-00186286-00186733 deadline if you take a distribution that is going to be a reportable event as
wGAHAmXavbQ-00341-00186733-00187230 well as a taxable event and it gets reported on the 1099 are oftentimes the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00342-00187230-00187771 provider of the plan will handle this reporting requirement such as such as
wGAHAmXavbQ-00343-00187771-00188220 with our plans we handled preparing the filing this 1099 hours
wGAHAmXavbQ-00344-00188220-00188802 you do need to file Form 945 by January 31st of the year following any
wGAHAmXavbQ-00345-00188802-00189279 distribution so again that's the report that withholding that was paid with
wGAHAmXavbQ-00346-00189279-00189907 respect to that distribution you don't want to fail to report any Roth
wGAHAmXavbQ-00347-00189907-00190437 conversion on a 1099 are so if you've moved money from a pre-tax sub-account
wGAHAmXavbQ-00348-00190437-00191071 under your solo 401k to a Roth account that's going to be a taxable event it's
wGAHAmXavbQ-00349-00191071-00191589 also going to be a reportable event needs to be reported on tending not on a
wGAHAmXavbQ-00350-00191589-00192324 1099 our again by February of the following year so don't fail to report
wGAHAmXavbQ-00351-00192324-00193033 any rollover on a 1099 are with a code G in box 7 so this could be a rollover
wGAHAmXavbQ-00352-00193033-00193476 from a pre-existing account in which case the the existing financial
wGAHAmXavbQ-00353-00193476-00193992 institution so say it's an IRA at Vanguard they'll handle that 1099 our
wGAHAmXavbQ-00354-00193992-00194553 reporting if you're rolling it over to a solo 401k because it's even though it's
wGAHAmXavbQ-00355-00194553-00194995 not a taxable then it is going to be a reportable event and so that would be
wGAHAmXavbQ-00356-00194995-00195571 issued with a code G in box 7 similarly if you are transferring money from your
wGAHAmXavbQ-00357-00195571-00196326 solo 401k to say another account like an IRA well your solo 401k provider needs
wGAHAmXavbQ-00358-00196326-00196945 to report that transfer on a 1099 dollar with a code G in box 7 so that's
wGAHAmXavbQ-00359-00196945-00197323 something that we would handle as part of our services you want to check with
wGAHAmXavbQ-00360-00197323-00197799 your provider on that don't make contributions after your tax
wGAHAmXavbQ-00361-00197799-00198327 return deadline including extensions so again one of the benefits of a solo 401k
wGAHAmXavbQ-00362-00198327-00198774 is you're able to make contributions all the way up until the tax return deadline
wGAHAmXavbQ-00363-00198774-00199179 for your business as you know again assuming you've set up that plan by
wGAHAmXavbQ-00364-00199179-00199667 December 31st so while you have that additional time you want to make sure
wGAHAmXavbQ-00365-00199667-00200217 that you're making the contributions before the deadline so that would be the
wGAHAmXavbQ-00366-00200217-00200648 tax return deadline for your business including any timely filed extensions
wGAHAmXavbQ-00367-00200648-00201279 and finally if you make excess contributions you are able to remove and
wGAHAmXavbQ-00368-00201279-00201717 correct those contributions those excess contributions you need to make sure that
wGAHAmXavbQ-00369-00201717-00202224 you remove them by April 15th so don't remove those excess
wGAHAmXavbQ-00370-00202224-00202955 contributions after April 15th of the following year so that concludes our
wGAHAmXavbQ-00371-00202955-00203475 webinar today going over some important compliance do's and don'ts related to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00372-00203475-00204063 solo 401k plans we do appreciate everyone's attendance and taking time to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00373-00204063-00204489 view the webinar if you have any questions please don't hesitate to
wGAHAmXavbQ-00374-00204489-00204866 contact us we've got our contact information here at 1-800 for eight nine
wGAHAmXavbQ-00375-00204866-00205509 seven five seven one or you can email us at info at my solo 401k net or you can
wGAHAmXavbQ-00376-00205509-00206207 email me directly at george at my solo 401k net thank you
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00000-00001951-00002225 So at the very beginning of teaching
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00001-00002225-00002543 the class, I thought, ya know what?
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00002-00002543-00002732 There's no reason to use a textbook.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00003-00002732-00002903 Ya know one of the things that students
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00004-00002903-00003106 don't realize is that as faculty people
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00005-00003106-00003255 you can call the publisher, or email the
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00006-00003255-00003388 publisher, and say "Hey! I'm teaching
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00007-00003388-00003535 this class, send every textbook you have."
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00008-00003631-00003798 And they send them for free, which is kind
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00009-00003798-00003913 of embarrassing when you think about how
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00010-00003913-00004173 expensive textbooks are. But, so I got all
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00011-00004173-00004394 these digital marketing textbooks, and
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00012-00004394-00004752 they just struck me as being at best,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00013-00004752-00004993 three or four years behind the times.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00014-00005088-00005337 And so while I saw that some of the
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00015-00005337-00005620 topics were good, a lot of the topics were
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00016-00005620-00005885 you know, I don't wanna lie. In 2012
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00017-00005885-00006083 I saw some textbooks that were
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00018-00006083-00006290 referencing myspace and geocities,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00019-00006356-00006630 and so, that, you know it just seemed
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00020-00006630-00006863 like I would be laughed out of the room
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00021-00006863-00007075 if I had made that a reading assignment.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00022-00007110-00007355 And so I, I didn't want to do that,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00023-00007432-00007613 I wanted to have something that
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00024-00007613-00007877 was much more current, and then
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00025-00007877-00008159 frankly I also think that, you know
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00026-00008159-00008389 higher education is really expensive,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00027-00008389-00008679 and the cost of tuition and all things
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00028-00008679-00008826 associated with it,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00029-00008826-00009077 are really really really high,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00030-00009077-00009307 and so that, to, to create a system
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00031-00009307-00009496 where students don't have to buy
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00032-00009496-00009785 a textbook. I think that's a win for the
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00033-00009785-00009968 students as well. So not only are they
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00034-00009968-00010252 getting better content, they're getting
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00035-00010252-00010432 content that they don't have to pay for.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00036-00010481-00010747 And so that has definitely been a, a sort
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00037-00010747-00010985 of philosophy of mine, that I will never
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00038-00010985-00011238 ask the students to pay for anything
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00039-00011238-00011398 additional to take the course.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00040-00011767-00012098 So the first thing I did was, I just
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00041-00012098-00012428 looked at a lot of digital marketing
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00042-00012428-00012767 hiring web pages. Ya know I would go
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00043-00012767-00012943 to different firms, ya know in house
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00044-00012943-00013250 versus agency, big versus small,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00045-00013250-00013510 In New York, Seattle, San Francisco,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00046-00013510-00013688 Anywhere, and I would look at what
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00047-00013688-00013900 the sort of entry level job postings were.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00048-00013900-00014088 What were the skills associated
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00049-00014088-00014184 with those jobs?
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00050-00014322-00014515 And so then, so that really helped me figure
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00051-00014515-00014761 out, okay these are the topics that
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00052-00014761-00014956 ya know, a person would need to
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00053-00014956-00015213 know for that first job.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00054-00015275-00015487 And then, I got the advice from some
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00055-00015487-00015654 of my colleagues who knew some
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00056-00015654-00015872 of our alumni, and they said,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00057-00015872-00016041 You know you should talk to
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00058-00016041-00016275 Andrew Dumont. Who's a pretty famous
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00059-00016275-00016621 alum of our university. And people like
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00060-00016621-00016882 Andrew, other people, were really good
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00061-00016882-00017075 resources, because they helped validate
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00062-00017075-00017333 the things that I thought were gonna be
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00063-00017333-00017486 important for the students to know.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00064-00017486-00017670 And not only did they validate those things
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00065-00017670-00017839 they would also make other suggestions,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00066-00017839-00017932 And they would say, Hey you know
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00067-00017932-00018143 it's not on the job postings now, but I
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00068-00018143-00018321 really do think six months from now
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00069-00018321-00018525 virtual reality and augmented reality
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00070-00018525-00018670 would be a really good thing for them
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00071-00018670-00018813 to know. And so then I'm able to add
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00072-00018813-00019013 those types of topics as well.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00073-00019042-00019274 And so the structure of the class
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00074-00019274-00019431 stays pretty constant over the course
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00075-00019431-00019634 from quarter to quarter, with some
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00076-00019634-00019860 tweaks here and there. But the topics
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00077-00019860-00020075 that we, the resources that they use
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00078-00020075-00020243 to learn about those things,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00079-00020243-00020535 I update pretty much every quarter.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00080-00021029-00021368 I always send an email, before the
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00081-00021368-00021564 first day of class, and say this is,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00082-00021564-00021679 ya know these are the things
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00083-00021679-00021900 you need to, to prepare before
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00084-00021900-00022252 the first day of class. And there are
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00085-00022252-00022635 some readings, that are from my blog.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00086-00022655-00022923 But then, on that first day of class, as
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00087-00022923-00023213 I go through the syllabus, I reiterate
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00088-00023213-00023435 there is no textbook for this class.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00089-00023511-00023677 There everything that you will access
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00090-00023677-00024085 for this class is free, and I would say
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00091-00024085-00024288 that makes me a fairly popular professor
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00092-00024288-00024407 on the first day of class.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00093-00024439-00024655 And part of that also, not only is that
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00094-00024655-00024895 to show the value, you know to help
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00095-00024895-00025141 them in that particular time, but I really
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00096-00025141-00025454 I really look at part of my job
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00097-00025454-00025632 as being a professor, is to encourage
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00098-00025632-00025810 them to be life long learners.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00099-00025864-00026102 And so, I want the students to know
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00100-00026102-00026363 that they can, they can be life long
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00101-00026363-00026528 learners without taking classes.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00102-00026528-00026700 They can be life long learners
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00103-00026700-00026855 without buying textbooks.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00104-00026855-00027017 To be a life long learner you
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00105-00027017-00027234 need to know what is good content
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00106-00027234-00027360 and what is bad content.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00107-00027360-00027470 What is a good resource? And what is
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00108-00027470-00027807 a bad resource. And by not using a
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00109-00027807-00028102 textbook, which has some sort of,
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00110-00028102-00028373 ya know, it's been blessed as some
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00111-00028373-00028620 sort of holy book, you know, that's a
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00112-00028620-00028849 really good thing for them to realize
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00113-00028849-00029049 I don't just need to be in college to
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00114-00029049-00029167 be a learner.
wJ0xWYzrY6Y-00115-00029167-00029400 Subtitles by the Amara.org community
wJqj4XPc1UU-00000-00000006-00000378 Imagine a situation, where the bull market returns.
wJqj4XPc1UU-00001-00000474-00000918 Imagine that the NFT bubble inflates even more than it did before.
wJqj4XPc1UU-00002-00001086-00001805 Imagine every NFT degen getting all the money in the world in a matter of weeks and without any
wJqj4XPc1UU-00003-00001805-00002604 effort. What if I told you that exactly this situation already happened just 50 years ago?
wJqj4XPc1UU-00004-00002754-00003198 This is a real story about a small community of 10000 degens,
wJqj4XPc1UU-00005-00003198-00003678 who started getting billions of dollars every year without any effort.
wJqj4XPc1UU-00006-00004079-00004560 Somewhere in between Hawaii and Australia, in the middle of nowhere in the Pacific Ocean,
wJqj4XPc1UU-00007-00004560-00005304 there is an island country called Nauru. This place is very unusual. The size of the island is
wJqj4XPc1UU-00008-00005304-00006036 just 20 square kilometers, so it's an incredibly tiny island. The population in Nauru is just 10000
wJqj4XPc1UU-00009-00006036-00006792 people. Before 20th century no one even cared about this island except one creature: birds.
wJqj4XPc1UU-00010-00006852-00007620 Why do you think birds love Nauru so much? When birds migrate, they fly very long distances and
wJqj4XPc1UU-00011-00007620-00008148 need to rest somewhere. And islands like Nauru are perfect for that. For millions
wJqj4XPc1UU-00012-00008148-00008772 of years Nauru was a place where birds stopped, rested and refueled their bodies. For millions
wJqj4XPc1UU-00013-00008772-00009426 of years birds pooped and died, pooped and died there. All those feces millions of birds left,
wJqj4XPc1UU-00014-00009426-00010170 accumulated on an incredibly small 20 kilometer patch of land. Interesting experiment, isn't it?
wJqj4XPc1UU-00015-00010170-00010842 What do you think will happen if millions of birds [__] in one tiny area for millions of years?
wJqj4XPc1UU-00016-00010926-00011676 What birds did is they created one of the largest phosphate deposits on Earth! Phosphate, for those
wJqj4XPc1UU-00017-00011676-00012294 who don't know, is an essential ingredient in fertilizers, it's a foundation of food production
wJqj4XPc1UU-00018-00012294-00012912 around the world. When the phosphate deposits were discovered, countries like Britain and Australia
wJqj4XPc1UU-00019-00012912-00013596 started thinking about how they could get a piece of this delicious pie of phosphates. And Nauru
wJqj4XPc1UU-00020-00013596-00014262 became a colony. But where is the story about degens getting extremely wealthy? Don't worry, my
wJqj4XPc1UU-00021-00014262-00015072 friends, we are almost there! In 1968, after a lot of fighting, Nauru locals achieved independence.
wJqj4XPc1UU-00022-00015072-00015660 Britain finally said: "Okay, you're too unhappy with our presence, so we are leaving you alone.
wJqj4XPc1UU-00023-00015660-00016422 Use your gigantic phosphate deposits as you wish!". Now, let me remind you: the population of
wJqj4XPc1UU-00024-00016422-00017274 this island is just 10000 people. 10000 people got access to one of the largest phosphate deposits at
wJqj4XPc1UU-00025-00017274-00017964 that time! Huge income + small population, what do you think it leads to? In the 70s,
wJqj4XPc1UU-00026-00017964-00018522 Nauru was even called to Kuwait of the Pacific Ocean. They earned billions of dollars,
wJqj4XPc1UU-00027-00018522-00019128 everyone could get a six-figure salary, which is crazy amount for that time, doing almost
wJqj4XPc1UU-00028-00019128-00019746 nothing! Britain was not participating in this deal anymore, which created economic wonders
wJqj4XPc1UU-00029-00019746-00020508 for everyone, who lived in Nauru at that time. Dreams literally came true! Now, let me ask you
wJqj4XPc1UU-00030-00020508-00021108 something. How do you think they spent all the money? How did they spend this immense fortune
wJqj4XPc1UU-00031-00021108-00021786 they unexpectedly received? They started buying new cars every four months. They started flying
wJqj4XPc1UU-00032-00021786-00022386 to Australia to just visit a restaurant they loved. They even built an airport to do that.
wJqj4XPc1UU-00033-00022386-00023160 They had 20 years of dreams coming true. 20 years of billions of dollars in annual income.
wJqj4XPc1UU-00034-00023214-00024108 Where is Nauru now? What have those people achieved with the billions of dollars they
wJqj4XPc1UU-00035-00024108-00024732 received? After decades of mining, phosphate deposits came to an end. You know, everything
wJqj4XPc1UU-00036-00024732-00025464 inevitably comes to an end and all those degens were left in a dire situation. Due to the fact
wJqj4XPc1UU-00037-00025464-00026166 that they didn't reinvest anything, didn't create anything, the system collapsed. People live off
wJqj4XPc1UU-00038-00026166-00026789 of pennies, people don't aspire to anything in their life anymore, Nauru became a place with
wJqj4XPc1UU-00039-00026789-00027498 one of the highest rates of diabetes and obesity in the world! The statistics are terrible, almost
wJqj4XPc1UU-00040-00027498-00028133 every second person is suffering from diabetes and obesity. I saw the images on the internet,
wJqj4XPc1UU-00041-00028133-00028877 in many of them, you can't even find a single lean and healthy person. It's heartbreaking to see so
wJqj4XPc1UU-00042-00028877-00029580 many people, who can barely walk. Most of those people will prematurely die, most of those people
wJqj4XPc1UU-00043-00029580-00030282 will never live a good life. It amazes me how fast people's lives can turn around: people, who not so
wJqj4XPc1UU-00044-00030282-00030816 long ago could buy anything they could imagine, are not dying in poverty and in terrible health.
wJqj4XPc1UU-00045-00030876-00031512 Now, a question to you, my friend. Do you think it was worth it to fly to Australia to just have
wJqj4XPc1UU-00046-00031512-00032130 a meal? Do you think it was worth it to buy cars every couple of months? After they ran out of
wJqj4XPc1UU-00047-00032130-00032808 money, corruption emerged. The society descended into chaos. Everyone was trying to get a piece
wJqj4XPc1UU-00048-00032808-00033414 of what was left off. There was even a moment, when two guys were fighting about who becomes
wJqj4XPc1UU-00049-00033414-00034038 the president and burnt a government building in the process! Sounds ridiculous, to say the least.
wJqj4XPc1UU-00050-00034488-00035064 To make ends meet, they decided to become an offshore country and sell their citizenship for
wJqj4XPc1UU-00051-00035064-00035664 money. And it worked! They gave their passport to almost anyone without any due diligence and earned
wJqj4XPc1UU-00052-00035664-00036354 some money doing that. But.. it didn't last long. Terrorists started using the Nauru passport as a
wJqj4XPc1UU-00053-00036354-00036900 means of escape, so the United States pressured the Nauru president to cancel their citizenship by
wJqj4XPc1UU-00054-00036900-00037422 investment program. In the last moments before his death, the Nauru president decided to do
wJqj4XPc1UU-00055-00037422-00037962 something good for the world and canceled their citizenship by investment program. But where do
wJqj4XPc1UU-00056-00037962-00038646 they get their money from now? The way they survive now looks very miserable. Australia,
wJqj4XPc1UU-00057-00038646-00039258 the country nearby, is quite a rich country, as you probably know. And rich countries are
wJqj4XPc1UU-00058-00039258-00039756 very attractive to illegal immigrants from poor countries. To solve the problem of immigrants,
wJqj4XPc1UU-00059-00039756-00040458 Australia agreed to send them to Nauru. Australia said: "Take our illegal immigrants and poor people
wJqj4XPc1UU-00060-00040458-00041100 and we will pay you, so that you can make ends meet". It helped Nauru survive, but the life there
wJqj4XPc1UU-00061-00041100-00041748 became even more horrible. First, their landscape is completely destroyed, because they mined
wJqj4XPc1UU-00062-00041748-00042366 phosphate rock unsustainably. Second, they have dozens of poor immigrants from Australia. Third,
wJqj4XPc1UU-00063-00042366-00043008 the population is in spine-chilling poverty and disease. Fourth, absolute government corruption
wJqj4XPc1UU-00064-00043008-00043596 and no light at the end of the tunnel. In the end, money completely destroyed their life.
wJqj4XPc1UU-00065-00044004-00044472 The lesson in the story is this: no matter how much money you give to a person,
wJqj4XPc1UU-00066-00044472-00045129 it will never change his bottom line, unless he knows how to manage it. Small population of Nauru
wJqj4XPc1UU-00067-00045129-00045810 got billions of dollars, but in the end, their life became even worse than it was before. I
wJqj4XPc1UU-00068-00045810-00046356 want you to remember that if you accidentally get a bunch of money with NFTs, for example,
wJqj4XPc1UU-00069-00046410-00047022 treat it as a loan without interest you need to pay back. Try to earn that same amount with
wJqj4XPc1UU-00070-00047022-00047580 the money you got. The money is non-existent, unless you learn how to create more of it with
wJqj4XPc1UU-00071-00047580-00048150 what you already have. I hope you've liked the lesson in this story! If you want to see more,
wJqj4XPc1UU-00072-00048150-00048726 check out this video. It's a collection of real stories of business owners, who lost stupendous
wJqj4XPc1UU-00073-00048726-00049308 amounts of money from a single mistake. Have a good day, my friends! I hope you become as
wJqj4XPc1UU-00074-00049308-00049849 rich as people from Nauru, but spend your money wisely and retire in happiness and prosperity! :)
wJB2Wl-cWko-00000-00000003-00000708 and so here we are you see you have tracked your physical bodies here
wJB2Wl-cWko-00001-00000708-00001548 you know you're more than that physical body you know you are a lot more than the
wJB2Wl-cWko-00002-00001548-00002472 physical body do you because when you acknowledge that there is this
wJB2Wl-cWko-00003-00002472-00003771 simultaneous but other but not so other part of you an inner being a source energy part of you
wJB2Wl-cWko-00004-00003771-00004746 it's that consciousness that existed before you came into this body but it still exists and it's
wJB2Wl-cWko-00005-00004746-00005586 important that you know that because that part of you also is a powerful point of attraction the law
wJB2Wl-cWko-00006-00005586-00006579 of attraction is responding to you u to you u to you u and when the law of attraction responds to
wJB2Wl-cWko-00007-00006579-00007572 you u it doesn't feel as good to you as when the law of attraction responds to you u in other words
wJB2Wl-cWko-00008-00007572-00008412 the more in alignment you are with you we know it sounds like crazy talk but if you can begin
wJB2Wl-cWko-00009-00008412-00009435 to not just try to get it but to really know it once you completely accept the wholeness of who
wJB2Wl-cWko-00010-00009435-00010140 you are then everything about your experience will begin to make more sense to you because everything
wJB2Wl-cWko-00011-00010140-00010863 that you feel in every moment that you're feeling it whether it feels really good or really not
wJB2Wl-cWko-00012-00010863-00011550 good it's because of you you it's because of the vibrational relationship between what your inner
wJB2Wl-cWko-00013-00011550-00012246 being is thinking therefore vibrating therefore attracting and what you are thinking therefore
wJB2Wl-cWko-00014-00012246-00013022 vibrating therefore attracting so for example since your inner being always gives everyone the
wJB2Wl-cWko-00015-00013022-00013680 benefit of the doubt when you don't you don't feel the very good because you're not pinching
wJB2Wl-cWko-00016-00013680-00014250 yourself off that can never happen in other words you can sever the relationship between you and you
wJB2Wl-cWko-00017-00014250-00015486 but you can restrict it you can resist it you can diminish your awareness and clarity of it and your
wJB2Wl-cWko-00018-00015486-00016299 negative emotion means exactly that every time you feel confusion rather than clarity there is
wJB2Wl-cWko-00019-00016299-00016971 a vibrational variance that is significant between what your inner being is focused on in this moment
wJB2Wl-cWko-00020-00016971-00017640 and what you're focused on and the thing that we so want you to hear is that what your inner being
wJB2Wl-cWko-00021-00017640-00018309 is focused upon and what you are focused upon is the same thing just different perspectives
wJB2Wl-cWko-00022-00018309-00019164 just different intentions just different ways of looking at it have you ever watched the results
wJB2Wl-cWko-00023-00019164-00020085 of some eyewitness accounts of some incident and aren't you often surprised even confused at the
wJB2Wl-cWko-00024-00020085-00020844 variants in their stories when they saw the same thing happen and it's because it isn't what they
wJB2Wl-cWko-00025-00020844-00021936 saw or what happened that is the root of their explanation it's who they are and how they feel
wJB2Wl-cWko-00026-00021936-00022884 as they saw it if you yourself feel like a victim you're gonna see a victimization if you yourself
wJB2Wl-cWko-00027-00022884-00023643 are sick and tired of victims you're gonna see something other than a victimization because
wJB2Wl-cWko-00028-00023643-00024735 your perspective oh controls what you see and your perspective you could call it your expectation you
wJB2Wl-cWko-00029-00024735-00025419 could call it your belief so a belief is a thought that you continue to think it's a vibrational
wJB2Wl-cWko-00030-00025419-00026037 habit or pattern and an expectation is just a stronger version of that you've believed it and
wJB2Wl-cWko-00031-00026037-00026552 you've acknowledged that you believe it and you've spoken about your beliefs until your beliefs are
wJB2Wl-cWko-00032-00026552-00027239 attracting to you of your beliefs and then you expect it next time and you're expecting next time
wJB2Wl-cWko-00033-00027239-00027792 and you expect it next time because the law of attraction keeps yielding to you what you believe
wJB2Wl-cWko-00034-00027792-00028341 which causes you to expect it but we don't call that deliberate creating we call that creating
wJB2Wl-cWko-00035-00028341-00029235 by default we call that attracting by virtue of your observation we also we love you so much you
wJB2Wl-cWko-00036-00029235-00029927 know what's coming next call it sloppy thinking we call it offering most of your vibration and most
wJB2Wl-cWko-00037-00029927-00030516 humans do this you offer most of your vibration in response to what you are observing but you got a
wJB2Wl-cWko-00038-00030516-00031350 factor in that what you're observing is coming to you by what you expect and so it feels like it's
wJB2Wl-cWko-00039-00031350-00031986 true well it certainly is it's manifesting but what we want you to understand is that you are
wJB2Wl-cWko-00040-00031986-00032718 making it so and if you like it then keep doing it keep regurgitating the story that your mother told
wJB2Wl-cWko-00041-00032718-00033291 you about the injustice that she lived when she lived with her brothers and they were rude to her
wJB2Wl-cWko-00042-00033291-00033993 and when her father gave over the business he gave it over to the boys and nothing to the girls keep
wJB2Wl-cWko-00043-00033993-00034737 telling those stories keep telling the stories of the victimization or the confusion or the moments
wJB2Wl-cWko-00044-00034737-00035322 in time when you weren't happy and watch how the universe continues to yield to you the same
wJB2Wl-cWko-00045-00035322-00035937 results of the stories that you're telling until it is your expectation until it is so strong that
wJB2Wl-cWko-00046-00035937-00036627 you have a very difficult time expecting around it and then watch yourself join together in clumps
wJB2Wl-cWko-00047-00036627-00037122 of humans as you fight against the others because you're sure that you've got the right perspective
wJB2Wl-cWko-00048-00037122-00038175 Esther argued with us in the beginning quite a lot but Abraham it's true it's true and we said
wJB2Wl-cWko-00049-00038175-00038754 we get that we get that it's true there's evidence of it but there's a better question do you want
wJB2Wl-cWko-00050-00038754-00039507 to continue the truth of that in your experience is this a truth that you want to surround you to
wJB2Wl-cWko-00051-00039507-00040012 manifest to you because you isn't a question whether it's true or not you get what you're
wJB2Wl-cWko-00052-00040012-00040369 thinking about whether you want it or not and there are all kinds of people creating all kinds
wJB2Wl-cWko-00053-00040369-00040729 of things that they want and all kinds of people creating all kinds of things that they don't want
wJB2Wl-cWko-00054-00040729-00041551 and you spend so much endless useless Oh futile time arguing with each other about what you are
wJB2Wl-cWko-00055-00041551-00042100 individually attracting instead of just get it on with the business of doing it the way you mean to
wJB2Wl-cWko-00056-00042100-00042838 do it and because so many people don't really have a handle on what's coming to them and why
wJB2Wl-cWko-00057-00042838-00043609 it's coming then anytime something the unwanted comes because of your point of Attraction because
wJB2Wl-cWko-00058-00043609-00044083 of your habit of thought because of your belief and because of your expectation you want to give
wJB2Wl-cWko-00059-00044083-00044770 the blame to someone else this happened to be because of you and that's where we really get
wJB2Wl-cWko-00060-00044770-00045418 stubborn in our conversation with you because it is never ever ever ever ever about what someone
wJB2Wl-cWko-00061-00045418-00046078 else is doing and you might say well sure felt like it because I didn't feel like that until he
wJB2Wl-cWko-00062-00046078-00046753 did that and we say yeah but he didn't do that so you felt like that and you say oh come on Abraham
wJB2Wl-cWko-00063-00046753-00047296 he did that and then I felt that way and we say but you were feeling that way before he did that
wJB2Wl-cWko-00064-00047296-00047938 and you say no don't think so and we say then you need to pay more attention you got to pay more
wJB2Wl-cWko-00065-00047938-00048733 attention to how you're feeling because there are two ways to know what you're attracting one is pay
wJB2Wl-cWko-00066-00048733-00049462 attention to how you feel and the other is wait until it's there and then look it over we call one
wJB2Wl-cWko-00067-00049462-00050119 pre manifestation and the other post manifestation and the problem with post manifestation awareness
wJB2Wl-cWko-00068-00050119-00050731 is once it's manifested is hard not to notice it it's hard not to give it your undivided attention
wJB2Wl-cWko-00069-00050731-00051361 and so then it is more difficult to change it certainly not impossible actually much easier
wJB2Wl-cWko-00070-00051361-00052270 than most people really know but wouldn't it be nice if you could be in more conscious deliberate
wJB2Wl-cWko-00071-00052270-00053171 control of what you attract now we want to remind you that you came deliberately intentionally into
wJB2Wl-cWko-00072-00053171-00053866 this environment because you were eager about the variety the contrast that you knew what's around
wJB2Wl-cWko-00073-00053866-00054662 you and you knew that from that you would make at many levels of your awareness really consciously
wJB2Wl-cWko-00074-00054662-00055579 aware and less consciously aware you knew that you would feel or decide what you prefer and you knew
wJB2Wl-cWko-00075-00055579-00056360 that as you preferred something in other words when you're living something um preferred your
wJB2Wl-cWko-00076-00056360-00057146 preferred version of it comes clear and so every time a preferred version happens within you which
wJB2Wl-cWko-00077-00057146-00057875 is many many times in everyday that preferred version is what your inner being focuses upon and
wJB2Wl-cWko-00078-00057875-00058526 then it becomes part of the point of attraction of your inner being so what that means is every time
wJB2Wl-cWko-00079-00058526-00059075 you know what you don't want and therefore know what you do want your inner being focuses upon
wJB2Wl-cWko-00080-00059075-00059933 the know what you do want part of it and that's where you and your inner being vary because your
wJB2Wl-cWko-00081-00059933-00060464 inner being always focuses upon what you have concluded that you want always upon your most
wJB2Wl-cWko-00082-00060464-00061484 expanded version of you while you would love you so much you so often stand in awareness of what
wJB2Wl-cWko-00083-00061484-00061976 you don't want while you spit out what you do want but you focus upon what you don't want as
wJB2Wl-cWko-00084-00061976-00062540 you justify what you do want while you focus upon what you don't want as you ride in the discomfort
wJB2Wl-cWko-00085-00062540-00063014 of what you don't want well your inner being is awful together the co-operative components of what
wJB2Wl-cWko-00086-00063014-00063611 you do want and the more cooperative components of what you do want are gathered then the more
wJB2Wl-cWko-00087-00063611-00064439 you feel your own not cooperating and that's also what negative emotion is negative emotion means in
wJB2Wl-cWko-00088-00064439-00065237 the moment that I feel it I'm not cooperating with what I said I won't it would be like you asking
wJB2Wl-cWko-00089-00065237-00066011 a friend to help you work something out so your friend gets right on it you're wise clear clever
wJB2Wl-cWko-00090-00066011-00066731 friend who loves you gets right on it talks to people who are needed lines up all the resources
wJB2Wl-cWko-00091-00066731-00067394 gets it all going and then meets with you again and all you do is talk about where you are and
wJB2Wl-cWko-00092-00067394-00067967 your friend would say yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah but listen to this listen to this look at all this
wJB2Wl-cWko-00093-00067967-00068612 good stuff that's happening you say but look where I am and your friend says well you sent me on a
wJB2Wl-cWko-00094-00068612-00069134 mission and I got all gathered up and it's all cued up just waiting for your attention and you
wJB2Wl-cWko-00095-00069134-00069764 say I'm sorry I can't give my attention to what I want I'm too busy give my attention to the reasons
wJB2Wl-cWko-00096-00069764-00071396 I wanted let's consider my personal struggle and your friend says hey I was never engaged by you to
wJB2Wl-cWko-00097-00071396-00072011 focus on your personal struggle I'm focused upon your triumph I'm focused upon your motion forward
wJB2Wl-cWko-00098-00072011-00072629 all of us are gathered we're all ready we're up and ready come to the meeting and you say I can't
wJB2Wl-cWko-00099-00072629-00073694 I'm too tired I'm depressed sorry I can't make it and the thing that's interesting is that meeting
wJB2Wl-cWko-00100-00073694-00074360 goes on eternally your friend your non-physical friend your inner being friend your Abraham friend
wJB2Wl-cWko-00101-00074360-00074984 your Source Energy friend doesn't say alright then you blew it we gathered the resources
wJB2Wl-cWko-00102-00074984-00075695 and you didn't come so instead the resources just continue to be gathered the collection of
wJB2Wl-cWko-00103-00075695-00076259 cooperative components just continues to expand you set it into motion and your inner beam is
wJB2Wl-cWko-00104-00076259-00077138 tending to it you're just not coming and the only thing that is going wrong you might say
wJB2Wl-cWko-00105-00077138-00077714 we don't really feel that way at all the only thing that is going wrong is that your creation
wJB2Wl-cWko-00106-00077714-00078645 is moving forward without you and then here's the interesting thing we love you so much you're
wJB2Wl-cWko-00107-00078645-00079188 struggling more so you're asking for more and more cooperative components are being gathered and then
wJB2Wl-cWko-00108-00079188-00079791 you struggle more and you're asking for more oh you should see what's going on in this vibrational
wJB2Wl-cWko-00109-00079791-00080310 reality that you have set into motion and you know the more that you live life and the more that you
wJB2Wl-cWko-00110-00080310-00080853 ask because of the life that you're living the bigger your vibrational reality it's so big we
wJB2Wl-cWko-00111-00080853-00081423 gave it a name because we want you to accept the realness of it the vortex wrote two books about
wJB2Wl-cWko-00112-00081423-00082098 it we want you to know that this vibrational reality is real and it is tended to by the you
wJB2Wl-cWko-00113-00082098-00082980 of you by the larger part of you oh the bigger it gets the more important is you go along with it
wJB2Wl-cWko-00114-00082980-00083895 or you don't feel good and that's why sometimes we love you so much as people move through life
wJB2Wl-cWko-00115-00083895-00084750 they feel worse as time goes by because they continue to expand and not go they continue to
wJB2Wl-cWko-00116-00084750-00085803 expand and not go but no worries because at any point with all of this expansion there you can
wJB2Wl-cWko-00117-00085803-00086769 just relax and chill and go oh that's a nice ride when you accept who you really are and what you've
wJB2Wl-cWko-00118-00086769-00087402 really amassed and you find some way of thinking that begins to let it into your perception and
wJB2Wl-cWko-00119-00087402-00088008 therefore let it into your reality and that's the part that we call you turning thoughts to things
wJB2Wl-cWko-00120-00088838-00088844 you
wJCrYpdckBu-00000-00000150-00001007 [ Music ]
wJCrYpdckBu-00001-00001007-00001211 [ Applause ]
wJCrYpdckBu-00002-00001211-00001264 >> Hello, students.
wJCrYpdckBu-00003-00001264-00001594 Today I'm going to tell you about mushrooms.
wJCrYpdckBu-00004-00001594-00001861 And the thing to realize about mushrooms is that the part
wJCrYpdckBu-00005-00001861-00002098 that you see is the fruiting body
wJCrYpdckBu-00006-00002098-00002349 and it's the culmination of the lifecycle.
wJCrYpdckBu-00007-00002349-00002599 What happened before the fruiting body is
wJCrYpdckBu-00008-00002599-00002902 that there's this filamentous stage that's under the ground
wJCrYpdckBu-00009-00002902-00003306 or in the substrate, and it's ramifying throughout the ground
wJCrYpdckBu-00010-00003306-00003463 and gathering up all
wJCrYpdckBu-00011-00003463-00003736 of the nutrition that's necessary to make a mushroom.
wJCrYpdckBu-00012-00003736-00003967 It's also the thing that interacts
wJCrYpdckBu-00013-00003967-00004307 with plants and other organisms.
wJCrYpdckBu-00014-00004307-00004667 That mycelium that's underneath the ground, that is,
wJCrYpdckBu-00015-00004667-00004901 for the most part, a dikaryon.
wJCrYpdckBu-00016-00004901-00005445 That means that it has two haploid nuclei per cell,
wJCrYpdckBu-00017-00005445-00005645 and the mushroom, most of what you see
wJCrYpdckBu-00018-00005645-00005942 of the mushroom is also a dikaryon.
wJCrYpdckBu-00019-00005942-00006453 So it's before those two nuclei have fused at fertilization
wJCrYpdckBu-00020-00006453-00006803 or made spores by meiosis.
wJCrYpdckBu-00021-00006803-00007063 Okay, let's go through it step by step.
wJCrYpdckBu-00022-00007063-00007691 So here's the dikaryotic mycelium and it's N plus N.
wJCrYpdckBu-00023-00007691-00008128 And then it makes this basidiocarp, basidiocarp,
wJCrYpdckBu-00024-00008128-00008465 or the fruiting body, and it's also N plus N.
wJCrYpdckBu-00025-00008465-00008682 And let's look at some details here.
wJCrYpdckBu-00026-00008682-00009115 When it's young, it's a button, and in this particular species,
wJCrYpdckBu-00027-00009115-00009319 the whole thing is covered by a veil.
wJCrYpdckBu-00028-00009319-00009769 And then as the stipe extends, it breaks that veil
wJCrYpdckBu-00029-00009769-00010113 and some little bits of the veil end up being scales
wJCrYpdckBu-00030-00010113-00010340 on the top of the mushroom cap.
wJCrYpdckBu-00031-00010340-00010640 And then there's other parts of it that are the annulus
wJCrYpdckBu-00032-00010640-00011131 around the stipe and then there's also the volva
wJCrYpdckBu-00033-00011131-00011404 at the base of the mushroom.
wJCrYpdckBu-00034-00011404-00011801 If we take that and then look specifically at the gills,
wJCrYpdckBu-00035-00011801-00012032 which is where the action is, so here's the gills,
wJCrYpdckBu-00036-00012032-00012345 and we look at that microscopically, on the surface
wJCrYpdckBu-00037-00012345-00012782 of the gills, they are covered by the cells
wJCrYpdckBu-00038-00012782-00013510 that will undergo first fertilization and then meiosis.
wJCrYpdckBu-00039-00013510-00013843 Here they are.
wJCrYpdckBu-00040-00013843-00014320 When they're young, those cells, they will be N plus N,
wJCrYpdckBu-00041-00014320-00014601 and then those two nuclei will fuse together
wJCrYpdckBu-00042-00014601-00014984 and so they'll make a zygote very briefly.
wJCrYpdckBu-00043-00014984-00015278 That zygote will then undergo meiosis
wJCrYpdckBu-00044-00015278-00015635 and make four new nuclei inside of the basidium.
wJCrYpdckBu-00045-00015635-00016109 And each of those nuclei then migrates to the tip of one
wJCrYpdckBu-00046-00016109-00016543 of the parts of the basidium and makes a basidiospore.
wJCrYpdckBu-00047-00016543-00017280 So each mature basidium has four haploid spores that it's made.
wJCrYpdckBu-00048-00017280-00017600 And those haploid spores then disperse.
wJCrYpdckBu-00049-00017931-00018081 And they disperse and if they land
wJCrYpdckBu-00050-00018081-00018431 in a nice place that's appropriate for that species,
wJCrYpdckBu-00051-00018431-00018631 then they'll germinate and they'll grow
wJCrYpdckBu-00052-00018631-00019079 into a haploid mycelium, a haploid mycelium.
wJCrYpdckBu-00053-00019079-00019335 So it's this filamentous hyphae
wJCrYpdckBu-00054-00019335-00019743 that is ramifying throughout the substrate,
wJCrYpdckBu-00055-00019743-00020387 and those haploid mycelium, they come in different mating types.
wJCrYpdckBu-00056-00020387-00020610 So some might be a plus mating type
wJCrYpdckBu-00057-00020610-00020890 and others a minus mating type, which is sort of like male
wJCrYpdckBu-00058-00020890-00021041 and female, but not really.
wJCrYpdckBu-00059-00021041-00021254 Because we couldn't know which one is male
wJCrYpdckBu-00060-00021254-00021378 and which one is female.
wJCrYpdckBu-00061-00021378-00021868 So if a plus mating type and a minus mating type get together,
wJCrYpdckBu-00062-00021868-00022749 then that is plasmogamy, that is they merge their cytoplasm,
wJCrYpdckBu-00063-00022749-00023106 but they don't really merge their nuclei yet.
wJCrYpdckBu-00064-00023106-00023540 Their nuclei still stays separate and so it's a dikaryon,
wJCrYpdckBu-00065-00023540-00023957 that's the dikaryotic mycelium which will go on and do a lot
wJCrYpdckBu-00066-00023957-00024361 of foraging and build up its energy reserves
wJCrYpdckBu-00067-00024361-00024534 until conditions are just right,
wJCrYpdckBu-00068-00024534-00024788 and then it will make a mushroom.
wJCrYpdckBu-00069-00024788-00025085 So here's the whole thing, and that's all
wJCrYpdckBu-00070-00025085-00025248 that I have to say about that.
wJCrYpdckBu-00071-00025248-00025548 [ Applause ]
wJCrYpdckBu-00072-00025548-00025749 [ Music ]
wNNtAibM-S8-00000-00000000-00000354 So far you have learned how to get
wNNtAibM-S8-00001-00000354-00000533 information from observations,
wNNtAibM-S8-00002-00000533-00000795 experiments and so on.
wNNtAibM-S8-00003-00000795-00001128 That's how scientists work. If they see
wNNtAibM-S8-00004-00001128-00001395 patterns in their research, meaning the
wNNtAibM-S8-00005-00001395-00001722 results are repeated, they lay claim to
wNNtAibM-S8-00006-00001722-00002064 scientific theory. This is how humans
wNNtAibM-S8-00007-00002064-00002402 broaden knowledge horizons. When you
wNNtAibM-S8-00008-00002402-00002571 use this way of thinking in the
wNNtAibM-S8-00009-00002571-00002861 classroom your students will make
wNNtAibM-S8-00010-00002861-00003156 discoveries by themselves and push back
wNNtAibM-S8-00011-00003156-00003489 the horizons of what they know. The
wNNtAibM-S8-00012-00003489-00003821 ability to observe patterns is essential
wNNtAibM-S8-00013-00003821-00004232 for effective learning. Rules and
wNNtAibM-S8-00014-00004232-00004596 patterns are essential for games, too. And
wNNtAibM-S8-00015-00004596-00004959 children like to play games. If they know
wNNtAibM-S8-00016-00004959-00005289 rules very well and know how to
wNNtAibM-S8-00017-00005289-00005598 apply them, they are winning players.
wNNtAibM-S8-00018-00005598-00006102 School knowledge is also based on rules. If
wNNtAibM-S8-00019-00006102-00006305 you give students the opportunity to get
wNNtAibM-S8-00020-00006305-00006672 acquainted with them you will see how
wNNtAibM-S8-00021-00006672-00007113 capable "players" they become.  Welcome to
wNNtAibM-S8-00022-00007113-00007415 the fourth and last part of our training
wNNtAibM-S8-00023-00007415-00007800 on critical thinking. Today you will
wNNtAibM-S8-00024-00007800-00008168 learn how to use coding, decoding, puzzles
wNNtAibM-S8-00025-00008168-00008508 and riddles in the classroom to make
wNNtAibM-S8-00026-00008508-00008747 thinking of your students really
wNNtAibM-S8-00027-00008747-00009154 efficient. Welcome.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00000-00000600-00000991 I would say the best part about Feather Razors is this.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00001-00000991-00001345 Every beard, every client, is not the same.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00002-00001345-00001957 So, with Feather you have the benefit of changing blades in different scenarios.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00003-00001957-00002401 So if you have a guy that comes in with a really big coarse beard, you're not going
wNOV1M6I_G8-00004-00002401-00003056 to be able to really achieve a great shave on a one pass to lower the risk of irritation
wNOV1M6I_G8-00005-00003056-00003344 and things like that with some of the competitor blades.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00006-00003344-00003964 But with the Feather Blades, you actually have a Super Blade for that situation.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00007-00003964-00004510 Now if you come and have a guy who has really fine hair, but he still loves to have a shave,
wNOV1M6I_G8-00008-00004510-00004889 but his skin is sensitive underneath, then you have the Light Blade.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00009-00004889-00005617 So those were two different dynamics of what you may see, but I think that is pretty much
wNOV1M6I_G8-00010-00005617-00006135 the benefit and the feature that would sell anybody on that.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00011-00006135-00006530 Because if you're a barber, you understand that no beards are alike, and no clients are
wNOV1M6I_G8-00012-00006530-00006630 the same.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00013-00006630-00007059 So having those options, are definitely the best thing for you.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00014-00007059-00007748 Now reaching back in the bag and looking at all the different razors out there, and for
wNOV1M6I_G8-00015-00007748-00008242 barbers, how many of you guys have ever seen any of the competitors have options?
wNOV1M6I_G8-00016-00008242-00008614 Exactly, that was the answer I was looking for.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00017-00008614-00009192 You really don't, and that's what sets the bar high with Feather because you have so
wNOV1M6I_G8-00018-00009192-00009317 many options.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00019-00009317-00009657 It's not just one blade for every body and every skin type.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00020-00009657-00010246 I believe that's what is the bar, that's the standard because, like I said, I give my guests
wNOV1M6I_G8-00021-00010246-00010904 the best experience possible by having the best tools possible.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00022-00010904-00011271 That's pretty much what it is, setting the bar.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00023-00011271-00011759 The sharpness of the blades, they're very sharp but it's a good sharp.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00024-00011759-00012220 You're not going to have to worry about the blade dulling out on you in between a shave.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00025-00012220-00012687 You're not going to have to worry about your client jumping and worrying about, "Am I going
wNOV1M6I_G8-00026-00012687-00013119 to get cut because this blade is really really sharp?"
wNOV1M6I_G8-00027-00013119-00013551 It's pretty much a smooth blade, a smooth transition onto the skin.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00028-00013551-00013765 And it glides really well.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00029-00013765-00014356 So, like I said, those are all things that set the bar pretty high for a good quality
wNOV1M6I_G8-00030-00014356-00014531 razor blade.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00031-00014531-00015069 What makes Feather Razors, the razor of my choice?
wNOV1M6I_G8-00032-00015069-00015231 It's simple.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00033-00015231-00015801 The quality of steel that its manufactured out of, the options that we have that I can
wNOV1M6I_G8-00034-00015801-00016770 use for any situation, the durability of the blade, the comfort level of the blade to skin
wNOV1M6I_G8-00035-00016770-00016951 on their client.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00036-00016951-00017667 And also the options of having that Sensitive Blade, the blade with a guard, a Super Blade,
wNOV1M6I_G8-00037-00017667-00018245 things of that nature that makes me feel like there's no razor out there that can even stand
wNOV1M6I_G8-00038-00018245-00018376 close to it.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00039-00018376-00018846 It is the Mercedes Benz, the Porsche, or the new electric Tesla.
wNOV1M6I_G8-00040-00018846-00019022 It is that.
wP6QidD2j0I-00000-00000805-00001141 It all started eons and eons ago.
wP6QidD2j0I-00001-00001184-00001463 Humanity made its entry into competition
wP6QidD2j0I-00002-00001489-00001891 the competition for survival in an unforgiving world.
wP6QidD2j0I-00003-00001925-00002128 Harnessing Stone and fire
wP6QidD2j0I-00004-00002132-00002444 humanity was thrust on the road towards
wP6QidD2j0I-00005-00002444-00002804 its destiny. For countless thousands of years
wP6QidD2j0I-00006-00002804-00003376 humanity faught, first for survival, then to thrive and finally to dominate.
wP6QidD2j0I-00007-00003433-00003700 Great leaders arose, uniting people
wP6QidD2j0I-00008-00003700-00004042 to forge mighty civilizations destined
wP6QidD2j0I-00009-00004064-00004312 to secure their own legacy.
wP6QidD2j0I-00010-00004417-00004826 Today, we compete for a legacy of our very own.
wP6QidD2j0I-00011-00004909-00005258 Welcome to Red Bull Wololo Legacy.
wP6QidD2j0I-00012-00005296-00005677 Let's go back in history and have a look at the events of Red Bull
wP6QidD2j0I-00013-00005677-00006039 Wololo V Enthroned.
wP6QidD2j0I-00014-00006047-00006234 >>Monk: Wololooo~
wP6QidD2j0I-00015-00006234-00006800 Red Bull Wololo has taken the world of Age by storm from its very inception,
wP6QidD2j0I-00016-00006818-00007282 raising the game to new heights, celebrating the scene and its heroes.
wP6QidD2j0I-00017-00007310-00007695 In bringing Wololo V Enthroned to a real castle,
wP6QidD2j0I-00018-00007695-00008153 we celebrated and showcased Age of Empires like never before.
wP6QidD2j0I-00019-00008164-00008558 It was the first ever live Wololo event with the world's
wP6QidD2j0I-00020-00008558-00008728 best Age of Empires II
wP6QidD2j0I-00021-00008728-00009187 players were brought together in person fighting for their share
wP6QidD2j0I-00022-00009217-00009746 of the $100,000 prize pool. The location,
wP6QidD2j0I-00023-00009746-00010145 as unique as it could be for a medieval real time strategy title,
wP6QidD2j0I-00024-00010145-00010438 in the heart of Germany in Heidelberg,
wP6QidD2j0I-00025-00010453-00010942 viewers could witness the players battling it out face to face in a castle.
wP6QidD2j0I-00026-00010972-00011383 Besides intense games, the overall mood and feeling around
wP6QidD2j0I-00027-00011383-00011728 Heidelberg Castle during the event was incredible.
wP6QidD2j0I-00028-00011758-00012047 Many great moments and memes emerged
wP6QidD2j0I-00029-00012047-00012337 and will be remembered for a long time to come.
wP6QidD2j0I-00030-00012362-00012781 >>There is a bat flying around here, and I hope that it doesn't make its
wP6QidD2j0I-00031-00012781-00012854 way over here.
wP6QidD2j0I-00032-00012854-00013094 >>From my experience, Red Bull Wololo V
wP6QidD2j0I-00033-00013099-00013456 was like the tournament of my career so far.
wP6QidD2j0I-00034-00013486-00013621 Playing in a castle.
wP6QidD2j0I-00035-00013621-00013885 The theme fits perfectly. Spectacular.
wP6QidD2j0I-00036-00013955-00014215 >>I remember you used to show up there in the mornings
wP6QidD2j0I-00037-00014215-00014599 and the castle was just completely shrouded in this fog,
wP6QidD2j0I-00038-00014599-00014828 and it seemed like it was right out of a dream
wP6QidD2j0I-00039-00014828-00015163 and it was just an absolutely unbelievable experience.
wP6QidD2j0I-00040-00015355-00015640 Red Bull Wololo V will be so memorable, simply
wP6QidD2j0I-00041-00015640-00015932 because it really got the flair
wP6QidD2j0I-00042-00015974-00016222 from the castle onto the screen,
wP6QidD2j0I-00043-00016244-00016603 To the viewers at home. I think that's something really special
wP6QidD2j0I-00044-00016603-00016898 that Red Bull achieved there.
wP6QidD2j0I-00045-00017038-00017248 >>My favorite in-game moment
wP6QidD2j0I-00046-00017248-00017492 not so much favorite, but something I will not forget,
wP6QidD2j0I-00047-00017492-00017857 is losing like ten villagers to 1 HP Eagle warrior
wP6QidD2j0I-00048-00017857-00018004 from Capoch.
wP6QidD2j0I-00049-00018004-00018388 >>That's an incredible comeback and an incredible performance from Capoch
wP6QidD2j0I-00050-00018406-00018680 and big hug there from Daut. He's smiling.
wP6QidD2j0I-00051-00018680-00018733 He's laughing.
wP6QidD2j0I-00052-00018733-00018955 He knows that's a big moment for Capoch.
wP6QidD2j0I-00053-00019255-00019582 >>When I had to face Daut and we were in game three
wP6QidD2j0I-00054-00019631-00019993 and there was a moment where I realized, OK, I'm pulling ahead right now
wP6QidD2j0I-00055-00019993-00020353 and there's no chance I'm going to throw away this game anymore.
wP6QidD2j0I-00056-00020365-00020729 Yeah, just beating him, which is a great milestone for me.
wP6QidD2j0I-00057-00020789-00021106 >>So it was the first proper LAN event for Age of Empires
wP6QidD2j0I-00058-00021106-00021199 For a long time.
wP6QidD2j0I-00059-00021199-00021511 I was looking forward to meeting teammates, opponents, rivals.
wP6QidD2j0I-00060-00021511-00021755 Obviously the price pool was super high, competition was super high.
wP6QidD2j0I-00061-00021755-00021955 This was what everyone wanted to qualify for.
wP6QidD2j0I-00062-00022045-00022337 >>Coming from an extraordinary group stage
wP6QidD2j0I-00063-00022337-00022777 the playoffs were a show stopping clash of Titans.
wP6QidD2j0I-00064-00022901-00023199 [music]
wP6QidD2j0I-00065-00023945-00024224 We saw the reigning champion Liereyy.
wP6QidD2j0I-00066-00024257-00024494 >>Liereyy playing those Magyars to full aggression.
wP6QidD2j0I-00067-00024494-00024659 >>And a rock solid TheViper.
wP6QidD2j0I-00068-00024659-00025075 >>I think I can still perform to the point where I can win an event
wP6QidD2j0I-00069-00025075-00025306 And what better time than now?
wP6QidD2j0I-00070-00025306-00025663 >>And JorDan's terrific record so far clearly showed
wP6QidD2j0I-00071-00025675-00025929 that he was a determined and serious opponent.
wP6QidD2j0I-00072-00025987-00026217 >>Capoch sees he's surround!
wP6QidD2j0I-00073-00026217-00026563 >>JorDan, what a series and what a victory there.
wP6QidD2j0I-00074-00026563-00026911 >>However, one of the biggest moments coming into the playoffs
wP6QidD2j0I-00075-00026911-00027347 was the unbelievable match between Hera and MbL.
wP6QidD2j0I-00076-00027347-00027652 >>This game is absolute insanity. I agree with you.
wP6QidD2j0I-00077-00027652-00028013 >>MbL coming back, and he takes it! >>Oh my god!
wP6QidD2j0I-00078-00028048-00028316 >>Look, you're shaking. It's so exciting to see this.
wP6QidD2j0I-00079-00028316-00028438 >>Yeah, it's crazy.
wP6QidD2j0I-00080-00028438-00028648 I mean so much adrenaline going on.
wP6QidD2j0I-00081-00028648-00029003 And it's probably my greatest victory of all time.
wP6QidD2j0I-00082-00029003-00029104 >>Oh my goodness.
wP6QidD2j0I-00083-00029104-00029260 What have we just seen?
wP6QidD2j0I-00084-00029260-00029416 >>Absolutely incredible scene.
wP6QidD2j0I-00085-00029416-00029719 Those big treb shots there doing the splash damage.
wP6QidD2j0I-00086-00029752-00030008 Most of the skirms are dying obvious, and how it is defending.
wP6QidD2j0I-00087-00030008-00030245 >>Absolute master of chaos and the energy that he brought to that game
wP6QidD2j0I-00088-00030245-00030565 that the energy and passion that he put into it, I think it's a
wP6QidD2j0I-00089-00030565-00030929 well-deserved win, and I'm so excited to see what he can bring to the semifinal.
wP6QidD2j0I-00090-00031579-00031793 >>In the semifinals, we saw Liereyy
wP6QidD2j0I-00091-00031793-00032210 go up against MbL, while JorDan faced off against TheViper.
wP6QidD2j0I-00092-00032212-00032707 >>He's getting closer and closer for this made to be in the Grand Final, Nili.
wP6QidD2j0I-00093-00032707-00033064 3-0, taking the Castle, he's in the Grand Final.
wP6QidD2j0I-00094-00033064-00033518 >>After two amazing semifinals, TheViper and Liereyy met again
wP6QidD2j0I-00095-00033518-00033928 in the championship match. Throughout the group stage,
wP6QidD2j0I-00096-00033952-00034429 TheViper only lost once in a best of three against Liereyy.
wP6QidD2j0I-00097-00034466-00034868 Could this possibly be a sneak preview of the grand final itself?
wP6QidD2j0I-00098-00034931-00035372 Liereyy, an undisputed master of Empire Wars was the favorite
wP6QidD2j0I-00099-00035372-00035825 heading into the tournament, and TheViper had never won a
wP6QidD2j0I-00100-00035825-00036284 Red Bull Wololo championship before. To prepare, TheViper's
wP6QidD2j0I-00101-00036284-00036683 team, GamerLegion, had held a boot camp prior to the event to ensure
wP6QidD2j0I-00102-00036683-00037037 the team was in the best position to succeed in Heidelberg.
wP6QidD2j0I-00103-00037082-00037444 However, the Viper had struggled with injuries in the lead up to the tournament.
wP6QidD2j0I-00104-00037492-00037831 Would these factors prove to be decisive in the final
wP6QidD2j0I-00105-00037831-00038164 showdown between these two titans of the game?
wP6QidD2j0I-00106-00038660-00039085 >>My most personal, memorable situation was probably the grand final
wP6QidD2j0I-00107-00039085-00039232 against Liereyy.
wP6QidD2j0I-00108-00039232-00039376 >>Just goose bumps everywhere.
wP6QidD2j0I-00109-00039376-00039457 You're so excited.
wP6QidD2j0I-00110-00039457-00039529 You focus focused.
wP6QidD2j0I-00111-00039529-00039791 Hundred percent, two men going up against each other.
wP6QidD2j0I-00112-00039811-00039904 The better one wins.
wP6QidD2j0I-00113-00039904-00040111 It's just the feeling I live for, you know.
wP6QidD2j0I-00114-00040111-00040573 >>We're going to a game number seven here at Red Bull Wololo V.
wP6QidD2j0I-00115-00040637-00040885 >>I was being 3-3 entering the final game.
wP6QidD2j0I-00116-00040885-00040997 Stakes are high.
wP6QidD2j0I-00117-00040997-00041261 Everything hinges on this one final game.
wP6QidD2j0I-00118-00041317-00041750 >>Viper at the end was able to make the comeback and win the game.
wP6QidD2j0I-00119-00041788-00042011 >>And I think he's done it! Viper's done it!
wP6QidD2j0I-00120-00042011-00042145 Viper's done it!
wP6QidD2j0I-00121-00042145-00042524 The king of Age of Empires is back on his throne.
wP6QidD2j0I-00122-00042524-00042852 Red Bull Wololo V champion.
wP6QidD2j0I-00123-00042896-00043373 >>And then everyone storming onto the stage to congrate him.
wP6QidD2j0I-00124-00043408-00043953 >>TheViper taking home his first Red Bull championship.
wP6QidD2j0I-00125-00044155-00044506 [cheering]
wP6QidD2j0I-00126-00044696-00044821 The story of Red Bull Wololo
wP6QidD2j0I-00127-00044821-00045241 continues as players are once again given the chance
wP6QidD2j0I-00128-00045241-00045620 to secure their Age of Empires legacy.
wP6QidD2j0I-00129-00045779-00045992 We return to Heidelberg Castle
wP6QidD2j0I-00130-00045992-00046461 for Red Bull Wololo Legacy.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00000-00000050-00000505 [ Silence ]
wQ88s_TUi0I-00001-00000505-00000594 >> I'm Sue Dynarski.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00002-00000594-00000858 I'm Co-Director of the Education Policy Initiative
wQ88s_TUi0I-00003-00000858-00001153 at the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00004-00001153-00001315 Nice to see you all here today.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00005-00001315-00001623 So, this policy talk lecture marks the opening
wQ88s_TUi0I-00006-00001623-00001857 of the conference on student loans
wQ88s_TUi0I-00007-00001857-00001991 which would not have been possible
wQ88s_TUi0I-00008-00001991-00002266 without the general support of our cosponsors.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00009-00002266-00002646 And I'd like to recognize the Upjohn Institute
wQ88s_TUi0I-00010-00002646-00003190 and the Spencer Foundation for their work and their funds
wQ88s_TUi0I-00011-00003190-00003486 in making this event happen.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00012-00003486-00003634 So, thank you so much.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00013-00003634-00003857 So, this conference is going to be bringing together some
wQ88s_TUi0I-00014-00003857-00004038 of the country's-- I didn't write this,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00015-00004038-00004236 some of the country's top minds,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00016-00004236-00004430 on an issue that not only interest us
wQ88s_TUi0I-00017-00004430-00004616 but affects many of us in the room.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00018-00004616-00004963 So, today's speaker is President Obama's Special Assistant
wQ88s_TUi0I-00019-00004963-00005377 for Education Policy, Roberto Rodriguez.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00020-00005377-00005539 The most important thing to know
wQ88s_TUi0I-00021-00005539-00005800 about Roberto Rodriguez is that he's Wolverine.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00022-00005800-00006140 So, he's an alumnus of the University of Michigan.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00023-00006140-00006452 He also got a degree from Harvard
wQ88s_TUi0I-00024-00006452-00006675 in education, but that's OK.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00025-00006675-00006903 Since then, he's been at this Appointment.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00026-00006903-00007245 He was Chief Education Counsel to the late Senator Ted Kennedy,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00027-00007245-00007516 assisting in the development of education legislation.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00028-00007516-00007650 He contributed to the development
wQ88s_TUi0I-00029-00007650-00007945 of the No Child Left Behind Act, and he's worked
wQ88s_TUi0I-00030-00007945-00008127 on various reauthorizations
wQ88s_TUi0I-00031-00008127-00008329 of federal legislation including the Elementary
wQ88s_TUi0I-00032-00008329-00008572 and Secondary Education Act, the Individuals
wQ88s_TUi0I-00033-00008572-00008860 with Disabilities Education Act, Head Start, Child Care,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00034-00008860-00009079 Higher Education, and the America COMPETES Act.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00035-00009079-00009308 And he'll tell you what that acronym means.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00036-00009308-00009671 So, before I ask Roberto to the podium, I want to remind you
wQ88s_TUi0I-00037-00009671-00009888 that if you've got a question for him, write on one
wQ88s_TUi0I-00038-00009888-00010117 on of the cards that's getting passed out in the entrance
wQ88s_TUi0I-00039-00010117-00010646 or you can tweet it in using the #policytalks, one word.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00040-00010646-00010962 And Roberto, the floor is yours.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00041-00010962-00011043 >> Thank you.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00042-00011043-00011351 Thanks, Sue.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00043-00011351-00011605 [ Applause ]
wQ88s_TUi0I-00044-00011605-00011997 Hi, good afternoon everyone.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00045-00011997-00012248 It's a real honor to be with you here today
wQ88s_TUi0I-00046-00012248-00012438 for this important conversation.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00047-00012438-00012881 I really want to begin by thanking Sue and Dean Collins,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00048-00012881-00013083 and the entire faculty here at the Ford School
wQ88s_TUi0I-00049-00013083-00013272 for inviting me to be here.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00050-00013272-00013586 And of course, special thanks to the Upjohn Institute
wQ88s_TUi0I-00051-00013586-00013897 and to the Spencer Foundation for their generous support
wQ88s_TUi0I-00052-00013897-00014243 of engaging in this really important topic.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00053-00014243-00014368 It's really great to be back home.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00054-00014368-00014788 It's really great to be back among my fellow Wolverines,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00055-00014788-00015093 and here at our University of Michigan community
wQ88s_TUi0I-00056-00015093-00015344 to have the conversation here today.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00057-00015344-00015815 I really want to begin by making the connection that's rather
wQ88s_TUi0I-00058-00015815-00016107 obvious to most of us that are gathered here today,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00059-00016107-00016403 but I think it's nevertheless central to the conference
wQ88s_TUi0I-00060-00016403-00016847 and to the arc of the papers and discussions that you'll explore
wQ88s_TUi0I-00061-00016847-00017058 in the coming two days.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00062-00017058-00017425 And this is really the simple reminder that perhaps more
wQ88s_TUi0I-00063-00017425-00017741 than at any other time in our nation's history,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00064-00017741-00018109 higher education is really the engine for our economy
wQ88s_TUi0I-00065-00018109-00018380 and the spark that is going to continue
wQ88s_TUi0I-00066-00018380-00018626 to ignite our democracy.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00067-00018626-00019063 There are countless examples from across the country
wQ88s_TUi0I-00068-00019063-00019378 of how earning a college degree really opens the doors
wQ88s_TUi0I-00069-00019378-00019519 of opportunity.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00070-00019519-00019668 For families, it places them
wQ88s_TUi0I-00071-00019668-00020054 on a greater pathway toward economic mobility
wQ88s_TUi0I-00072-00020054-00020327 and prosperity, and success.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00073-00020327-00020491 Examples of how the pursuit
wQ88s_TUi0I-00074-00020491-00020887 of a college degree helped young people find their place
wQ88s_TUi0I-00075-00020887-00021132 in their communities, in their worlds
wQ88s_TUi0I-00076-00021132-00021426 around them, and in their country.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00077-00021426-00021839 And that will certainly the case for me during my time here
wQ88s_TUi0I-00078-00021839-00021997 at the University of Michigan.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00079-00021997-00022202 In the mid '90s, as an undergraduate
wQ88s_TUi0I-00080-00022202-00022700 that will still feeling he's way about his academic path,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00081-00022700-00022989 eager to set forth and to change the world.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00082-00022989-00023487 And in today's economy, as President Obama reminds us,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00083-00023487-00023822 a college degree is the surest rung on the ladder
wQ88s_TUi0I-00084-00023822-00024180 of opportunity into the middle class.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00085-00024180-00024669 A new global economy brings new challenges, new demands,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00086-00024669-00024956 but it's very clear that gone is that economy
wQ88s_TUi0I-00087-00024956-00025299 of a quarter century ago where a worker
wQ88s_TUi0I-00088-00025299-00025617 with a high school credential could make at least half
wQ88s_TUi0I-00089-00025617-00026026 of what a college graduate would earn across their lifetime.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00090-00026026-00026408 So, we know that education is the strategy
wQ88s_TUi0I-00091-00026408-00026639 for our 21st century economy.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00092-00026639-00027085 Our children are competing with the rest of the world for jobs
wQ88s_TUi0I-00093-00027085-00027674 of the future, and our long-term economic security is directly
wQ88s_TUi0I-00094-00027674-00027992 tied to the quality of the public education
wQ88s_TUi0I-00095-00027992-00028219 that we can provide today.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00096-00028219-00028564 That's why this topic that we're exploring over the course
wQ88s_TUi0I-00097-00028564-00028756 of this conference is so important.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00098-00028756-00029348 You know, many of you here are esteemed in this field,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00099-00029348-00029492 in this academic discipline.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00100-00029492-00029702 You're familiar with the statistics.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00101-00029702-00030014 You know that our economy clearly rewards those
wQ88s_TUi0I-00102-00030014-00030139 with the higher education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00103-00030139-00030682 We know that our college graduates have higher earnings
wQ88s_TUi0I-00104-00030682-00031030 that we know also that there's a real imperative here is 8
wQ88s_TUi0I-00105-00031030-00031462 and 10, new jobs in the US will require some post-secondary
wQ88s_TUi0I-00106-00031462-00031569 education or training.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00107-00031569-00031954 And the 30 of the 30 fastest growing jobs
wQ88s_TUi0I-00108-00031954-00032104 in our economy today, over half
wQ88s_TUi0I-00109-00032104-00032392 of those require a four-year degree.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00110-00032392-00032777 But beyond this economic imperative, we also have
wQ88s_TUi0I-00111-00032777-00033139 to at the onset here of our conversations, remind ourselves
wQ88s_TUi0I-00112-00033139-00033361 of the moral imperative that we have,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00113-00033361-00033530 the moral responsibility we have.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00114-00033530-00033821 And that we're a nation that defines ourselves based
wQ88s_TUi0I-00115-00033821-00034144 on our ability to provide every individual the opportunity
wQ88s_TUi0I-00116-00034144-00034433 to rise as far as their hard work
wQ88s_TUi0I-00117-00034433-00034703 and their initiative will take them.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00118-00034703-00035148 And so, increasing access to higher education is fundamental
wQ88s_TUi0I-00119-00035148-00035450 to living up to that moral commitment.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00120-00035450-00035885 And it's one of the best things that we can do for our country.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00121-00035885-00036239 This is why we've organized our efforts in Washington
wQ88s_TUi0I-00122-00036239-00036397 around the goal that the president laid
wQ88s_TUi0I-00123-00036397-00036646 out when he first arrived at the White House.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00124-00036646-00036894 And this is a goal to lead the world
wQ88s_TUi0I-00125-00036894-00037356 with the highest proportion of college graduates by 2020.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00126-00037356-00037580 Our Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00127-00037580-00037859 he calls this goal our North Star.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00128-00037859-00038060 And that's exactly what it is.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00129-00038060-00038329 It's a guide post and it's a reminder to us
wQ88s_TUi0I-00130-00038329-00038637 to strengthen education at every level
wQ88s_TUi0I-00131-00038637-00038818 and to deliver on this challenge.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00132-00038818-00039101 So, in order to reach this goal, we'll need to increase the share
wQ88s_TUi0I-00133-00039101-00039402 of college graduates that we produce in our nation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00134-00039402-00039866 by 50 percent over what produced in 2009.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00135-00039866-00040227 And by the numbers, this means 8 million more young adults will
wQ88s_TUi0I-00136-00040227-00040506 need to earn associates and bachelors degrees
wQ88s_TUi0I-00137-00040506-00040622 by the end of this decade.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00138-00040622-00040963 We'll have to outpace our current rate
wQ88s_TUi0I-00139-00040963-00041304 of degree attainment relative to our population growth
wQ88s_TUi0I-00140-00041304-00041456 which has this more or less producing
wQ88s_TUi0I-00141-00041456-00041731 about 3 million more college graduates
wQ88s_TUi0I-00142-00041731-00041963 by the end of the decade.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00143-00041963-00042311 So, we play such an emphasis on this 2020 goal because we know
wQ88s_TUi0I-00144-00042311-00042601 that higher education is such an important investment
wQ88s_TUi0I-00145-00042601-00042723 worth making.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00146-00042723-00042972 We know again the median earnings
wQ88s_TUi0I-00147-00042972-00043512 of bachelors degree recipients are markedly higher 21,000
wQ88s_TUi0I-00148-00043512-00043860 dollars or more than high school graduates.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00149-00043860-00044316 And we know that it really does provide a true ladder
wQ88s_TUi0I-00150-00044316-00044453 into the middle class.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00151-00044453-00044725 Of adults who grow up in the middle class,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00152-00044725-00045195 31 percent of those that have a college degree were operatively
wQ88s_TUi0I-00153-00045195-00045808 mobile into the top income quintile between 2000 and 2008.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00154-00045808-00046137 Now, this is compared with just about 12 percent of those
wQ88s_TUi0I-00155-00046137-00046337 that did not have a college degree.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00156-00046337-00046712 So, especially for students that are graduating
wQ88s_TUi0I-00157-00046712-00047118 into weak economies, it's frequently something
wQ88s_TUi0I-00158-00047118-00047634 and can often take time to find the path that ensures that going
wQ88s_TUi0I-00159-00047634-00047821 to college was really worth it.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00160-00047821-00047971 But those with more education tend
wQ88s_TUi0I-00161-00047971-00048377 to experience larger increases in their earnings as they age
wQ88s_TUi0I-00162-00048377-00048765 and we know that based on current earnings' patterns
wQ88s_TUi0I-00163-00048765-00049053 that if people with bachelors degrees work full-time
wQ88s_TUi0I-00164-00049053-00049407 over their work lives, they'll earn about two-thirds more
wQ88s_TUi0I-00165-00049407-00049626 on average than a high school graduates.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00166-00049626-00050019 So, we know we have this imperative
wQ88s_TUi0I-00167-00050019-00050339 that it's a backdrop to this 2020 goal.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00168-00050339-00050753 It's an ambitious goal, the pace of progress
wQ88s_TUi0I-00169-00050753-00050870 for our young Americans
wQ88s_TUi0I-00170-00050870-00051364 and college attainment is very ambitious under this charge.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00171-00051364-00051538 But one thing is really clear.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00172-00051538-00051866 We're not going to meet it unless we really embrace a
wQ88s_TUi0I-00173-00051866-00052273 spirit of change in our higher education system.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00174-00052273-00052600 And that is going to involve a shared responsibility
wQ88s_TUi0I-00175-00052600-00052761 that expands from leadership
wQ88s_TUi0I-00176-00052761-00052995 at our higher education institutions,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00177-00052995-00053284 to state legislators and governors, to public
wQ88s_TUi0I-00178-00053284-00053498 and private stakeholders, parents,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00179-00053498-00053741 and of course ultimately students,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00180-00053741-00054076 to be able to accelerate towards this 2020 challenge.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00181-00054076-00054511 And reaching the goal will require also a collective will
wQ88s_TUi0I-00182-00054511-00054961 on the part of policy makers and partners,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00183-00054961-00055260 higher education leaders, philanthropy, and others,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00184-00055260-00055485 to really ask the tough questions
wQ88s_TUi0I-00185-00055485-00055767 that are ultimately going to foster change
wQ88s_TUi0I-00186-00055767-00056024 in our higher education system.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00187-00056024-00056254 Are we doing right by our students?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00188-00056254-00056592 Do they have the reliable sources of aid and support
wQ88s_TUi0I-00189-00056592-00056978 that they need to be successful and as they pursue their degree?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00190-00056978-00057350 Do our colleges and universities have the proper capacity
wQ88s_TUi0I-00191-00057350-00057596 to harness innovation?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00192-00057596-00057816 And are we equipped with the right incentives
wQ88s_TUi0I-00193-00057816-00058017 to drive reform focused
wQ88s_TUi0I-00194-00058017-00058257 on improving the educational experience
wQ88s_TUi0I-00195-00058257-00058472 for students while they're on campus?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00196-00058472-00058895 Our federal and state policy is well-attuned with a mission,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00197-00058895-00059054 a vision, and a focus
wQ88s_TUi0I-00198-00059054-00059352 that promotes not only higher education access
wQ88s_TUi0I-00199-00059352-00059529 but college completion.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00200-00059529-00059804 Are we confronting the state of teaching and learning
wQ88s_TUi0I-00201-00059804-00060111 on our college campuses and aligning it with the needs
wQ88s_TUi0I-00202-00060111-00060491 and demands of 21st century learners?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00203-00060491-00060755 Are we prepared to assume the collective responsibility
wQ88s_TUi0I-00204-00060755-00061139 to address the inequities that we have in college attainment?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00205-00061139-00061576 The college completion gap that's still manifests itself
wQ88s_TUi0I-00206-00061576-00061884 on the basis of socioeconomic status and racial lines,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00207-00061884-00062087 and ultimately is a serious threat
wQ88s_TUi0I-00208-00062087-00062453 to our economic standing in the world.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00209-00062453-00062605 We still have only about 30 percent
wQ88s_TUi0I-00210-00062605-00062912 of our young African-American students today and 20 percent
wQ88s_TUi0I-00211-00062912-00063119 of our Latino-- young Latino population today
wQ88s_TUi0I-00212-00063119-00063298 that holds an associates degree or higher.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00213-00063298-00063491 And then of course one
wQ88s_TUi0I-00214-00063491-00063749 of the key questions that's post most relevant
wQ88s_TUi0I-00215-00063749-00064233 to just convening today, are we prepared to do what's needed
wQ88s_TUi0I-00216-00064233-00064691 to tackle college affordability as a national imperative?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00217-00064691-00064979 You know, America's home to the best colleges
wQ88s_TUi0I-00218-00064979-00065185 and universities in the world.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00219-00065185-00065498 And yet, too many Americans for a variety of reasons feel
wQ88s_TUi0I-00220-00065498-00065911 like pursuing a post-secondary degree or certificate might be
wQ88s_TUi0I-00221-00065911-00066079 out of reach for them.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00222-00066079-00066448 Some are clearly hindered by the shortcomings that we have
wQ88s_TUi0I-00223-00066448-00066649 in our K-12 education system.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00224-00066649-00066972 There's no question that we need to do better to measure
wQ88s_TUi0I-00225-00066972-00067197 up to the challenges of graduating each and every one
wQ88s_TUi0I-00226-00067197-00067683 of our young people prepared for college in a successful career.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00227-00067683-00067895 But for many others, there is still this belief
wQ88s_TUi0I-00228-00067895-00068190 that college costs can be prohibitive.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00229-00068190-00068489 And whatever the reason, a person's decision not to go
wQ88s_TUi0I-00230-00068489-00068774 to college, not to pursue that higher education,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00231-00068774-00069252 can have a direct impact on his or her long-term economic future
wQ88s_TUi0I-00232-00069252-00069407 and on the collective prosperity
wQ88s_TUi0I-00233-00069407-00069668 of our communities and of our country.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00234-00069668-00069863 So, for these reasons,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00235-00069863-00070201 our administration has been really clear in our focus.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00236-00070201-00070465 We want to help more students prepare for and succeed
wQ88s_TUi0I-00237-00070465-00070764 in higher education with a blueprint that is going
wQ88s_TUi0I-00238-00070764-00071026 to dramatically expand,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00239-00071026-00071346 educational opportunity beginning in these early years,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00240-00071346-00071729 make the needed changes we need in our K-12 education system,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00241-00071729-00071956 and commit to putting an affordable,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00242-00071956-00072171 high quality higher education degree
wQ88s_TUi0I-00243-00072171-00072366 within the reach of every American.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00244-00072366-00072871 Now, this issue of paying for college is something that more
wQ88s_TUi0I-00245-00072871-00073141 than likely has affected everyone here in this room.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00246-00073141-00073686 And I know while we are here to study this topic
wQ88s_TUi0I-00247-00073686-00073958 in greater depth, we also know that's it's an issue
wQ88s_TUi0I-00248-00073958-00074332 that affects us personally, individually.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00249-00074332-00074762 I know for me, the cost of college, the affordability
wQ88s_TUi0I-00250-00074762-00075173 of my degree, along with the stellar education of course
wQ88s_TUi0I-00251-00075173-00075527 that Michigan stood to provide me,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00252-00075527-00075862 was a really important factor in the decision in terms
wQ88s_TUi0I-00253-00075862-00076233 of why I chose this school for my undergraduate studies.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00254-00076233-00076468 But the fact of the matter is while many Americans
wQ88s_TUi0I-00255-00076468-00076797 across the country understand why a post-secondary degree is
wQ88s_TUi0I-00256-00076797-00077135 so valuable, many folks still don't have access
wQ88s_TUi0I-00257-00077135-00077386 to higher education for one big reason.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00258-00077386-00077878 And that is that too many of our family still feel priced out.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00259-00077878-00078210 Now, I know you'll hear plenty over the course
wQ88s_TUi0I-00260-00078210-00078606 of this conference on trends and student loan debt for completers
wQ88s_TUi0I-00261-00078606-00078848 and for noncompleters across our country.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00262-00078848-00079226 We're really fortunate to have wonderful data just released
wQ88s_TUi0I-00263-00079226-00079473 this week by the College Board
wQ88s_TUi0I-00264-00079473-00079823 and I believe Sandy Baum will kick off your day tomorrow
wQ88s_TUi0I-00265-00079823-00080103 with an overview of this new data
wQ88s_TUi0I-00266-00080103-00080344 that really provides the most comprehensive analysis
wQ88s_TUi0I-00267-00080344-00080555 of where we are with respect to our trends
wQ88s_TUi0I-00268-00080555-00080743 and pricing, and in cost.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00269-00080743-00080984 But is worth noting that at least one trend has remained
wQ88s_TUi0I-00270-00080984-00081286 constant as we look over the course of this data and that's
wQ88s_TUi0I-00271-00081286-00081879 that net price, has continued to take up across our institutions.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00272-00081879-00082018 And the growth has come at a time
wQ88s_TUi0I-00273-00082018-00082296 when family income has not recovered
wQ88s_TUi0I-00274-00082296-00082483 from the economic downturn.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00275-00082483-00082886 So, as the President of the State in several times
wQ88s_TUi0I-00276-00082886-00083131 on a bus tour that he took just over the summer
wQ88s_TUi0I-00277-00083131-00083418 in the northeast, you know, he said,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00278-00083418-00083763 "Family incomes are just not going fast enough relative
wQ88s_TUi0I-00279-00083763-00084016 to the price of college."
wQ88s_TUi0I-00280-00084016-00084296 Tuition and fees at our public four year colleges is now more
wQ88s_TUi0I-00281-00084296-00084747 than three times higher than it was 30 years ago.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00282-00084747-00085132 And while over this same period, income has only risen 16 percent
wQ88s_TUi0I-00283-00085132-00085365 for middle class families.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00284-00085365-00085730 So, this has real implications on the family's decision
wQ88s_TUi0I-00285-00085730-00086085 about whether or not to pursue higher education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00286-00086085-00086465 All across the country, families are asking themselves this
wQ88s_TUi0I-00287-00086465-00086642 question around college costs.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00288-00086642-00086699 We hear it.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00289-00086699-00087000 We get these questions and we get these letters from families
wQ88s_TUi0I-00290-00087000-00087318 across America at the White House everyday.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00291-00087318-00087740 And, you know, I think the administration has a lot
wQ88s_TUi0I-00292-00087740-00087989 to be proud of in terms of the amount of grant aid
wQ88s_TUi0I-00293-00087989-00088368 and tax benefits in the progress that we've made to try
wQ88s_TUi0I-00294-00088368-00088752 to make sure that we have more of a reliable
wQ88s_TUi0I-00295-00088752-00089017 and affordable source of aid for families
wQ88s_TUi0I-00296-00089017-00089152 to be able to pursue college.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00297-00089152-00089422 I think is the data that you'll see
wQ88s_TUi0I-00298-00089422-00089959 that Sandy will present shows in many places the uptake intel,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00299-00089959-00090218 the uptake in some of the other grant aid
wQ88s_TUi0I-00300-00090218-00090588 that we've provided has been enabler for net prices
wQ88s_TUi0I-00301-00090588-00090937 to not jump higher than they have.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00302-00090937-00091370 And in many venues, the bang [phonetic] that we get
wQ88s_TUi0I-00303-00091370-00091765 for our federal student aid is quite high.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00304-00091765-00092046 You know, at our community colleges in many instances,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00305-00092046-00092380 it covers full rate for tuition and fees with room to spare
wQ88s_TUi0I-00306-00092380-00092744 for other expenses in the student's budget.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00307-00092744-00093314 So, we've-- We have set forth to eliminate ways for subsidies
wQ88s_TUi0I-00308-00093314-00093601 in our higher education student aid system.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00309-00093601-00093954 Subsidies that were funding banks to the tunes
wQ88s_TUi0I-00310-00093954-00094260 of 68 billion dollars over 10 years, and to be able
wQ88s_TUi0I-00311-00094260-00094713 to recapture and reinvest those dollars over 60 billion
wQ88s_TUi0I-00312-00094713-00094911 of those dollars in college access.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00313-00094911-00095219 We've increased the maximum Pell Grant for working
wQ88s_TUi0I-00314-00095219-00095523 in for middle class families by more than 900 dollars.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00315-00095523-00095922 That's now reaching over 9.5 million families.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00316-00095922-00096205 We've created the American Opportunity Tax Credit
wQ88s_TUi0I-00317-00096205-00096582 which provides a maximum of 2,500 dollars per year
wQ88s_TUi0I-00318-00096582-00096815 and tax credits for college, and it's helping more
wQ88s_TUi0I-00319-00096815-00097014 than over 11 million families
wQ88s_TUi0I-00320-00097014-00097286 to free the cost of college annually.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00321-00097286-00097512 You know, we've simplified the FAFSA.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00322-00097512-00097842 We've taken initial steps to have a shorter form
wQ88s_TUi0I-00323-00097842-00098111 and better online format, and a skip logic
wQ88s_TUi0I-00324-00098111-00098647 that imports tax information for individuals
wQ88s_TUi0I-00325-00098647-00099004 who are completing the FAFSA, and for their families.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00326-00099004-00099333 And studies showed that if we do even more along this front,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00327-00099333-00099690 we can really boost college enrollment rates.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00328-00099690-00100082 And we've worked at investing college access grant programs
wQ88s_TUi0I-00329-00100082-00100304 to help be partners with states and increasing the number
wQ88s_TUi0I-00330-00100304-00100608 of low income students who are prepared to enter and to succeed
wQ88s_TUi0I-00331-00100608-00100865 in college, and to manage their debt.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00332-00100865-00101134 But for a majority of students who borrow in order
wQ88s_TUi0I-00333-00101134-00101356 to attend school, the increased price
wQ88s_TUi0I-00334-00101356-00101804 at four year colleges can still be a significant burden.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00335-00101804-00102166 And it's coupled with a really important factor here
wQ88s_TUi0I-00336-00102166-00102601 which is cost shifting as states/higher education budgets.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00337-00102601-00102975 As we see those budgets go down, families are being asked
wQ88s_TUi0I-00338-00102975-00103301 to shoulder the increasing cost of attendance
wQ88s_TUi0I-00339-00103301-00103536 and the increasing sums that are needed
wQ88s_TUi0I-00340-00103536-00103931 to finance their child's higher education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00341-00103931-00104188 You know, all told looking at data from the College Board
wQ88s_TUi0I-00342-00104188-00104307 and from Tico's [phonetic],
wQ88s_TUi0I-00343-00104307-00104538 the average student loan borrow are now graduates
wQ88s_TUi0I-00344-00104538-00104881 with over 26,000 dollars in debt.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00345-00104881-00105080 Loan default rates are rising.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00346-00105080-00105240 At some institution, it is--
wQ88s_TUi0I-00347-00105240-00105538 as we'll discuss over the course of this conference.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00348-00105538-00105706 Many young adults are burdened with that debt
wQ88s_TUi0I-00349-00105706-00105836 as they graduate college
wQ88s_TUi0I-00350-00105836-00106145 and begin the next chapter in their lives.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00351-00106145-00106441 This debt also undoubtedly has some level
wQ88s_TUi0I-00352-00106441-00106698 of ripple effect across our economy.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00353-00106698-00106869 So, the fact that prices have continued
wQ88s_TUi0I-00354-00106869-00107244 to grow is causing some families
wQ88s_TUi0I-00355-00107244-00107625 to beg this fundamental question around, "Can I afford this?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00356-00107625-00107793 Can I afford college?"
wQ88s_TUi0I-00357-00107793-00108156 I know we fundamentally all believe that students can.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00358-00108156-00108566 And we are continuing to try to deliver that message.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00359-00108566-00108746 But despite the statistics
wQ88s_TUi0I-00360-00108746-00109117 that prove what a great investment college makes,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00361-00109117-00109269 what a strong return of investment
wQ88s_TUi0I-00362-00109269-00109496 that has later in life.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00363-00109496-00109792 The answer may not be so transparent to students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00364-00109792-00110053 and to families who were evaluating their options
wQ88s_TUi0I-00365-00110053-00110308 and assessing whether or not at this moment
wQ88s_TUi0I-00366-00110308-00110597 in their lives perhaps, they can handle taking
wQ88s_TUi0I-00367-00110597-00110830 on the cost of college.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00368-00110830-00111336 So, when the president takes to the road and has a conversation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00369-00111336-00111594 with the country around college cost, at the heart
wQ88s_TUi0I-00370-00111594-00111860 of this message that he delivered,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00371-00111860-00112108 this summer was a value proposition.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00372-00112108-00112492 He was making sure that higher education, what we know
wQ88s_TUi0I-00373-00112492-00112938 as a central pillar to achieving the American dream is available
wQ88s_TUi0I-00374-00112938-00113451 for our students at a high quality, at an affordable price,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00375-00113451-00113638 and with a reasonable expectation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00376-00113638-00114055 that it will prepare them for success after they graduate.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00377-00114055-00114349 So, at the heart of this new national conversation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00378-00114349-00114649 on college affordability is this value proposition.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00379-00114649-00114958 And we can't make significant headway
wQ88s_TUi0I-00380-00114958-00115333 in reshaping higher education to serve all students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00381-00115333-00115443 without placing the--
wQ88s_TUi0I-00382-00115443-00115723 this equation of quality of affordability
wQ88s_TUi0I-00383-00115723-00116004 and of outcomes front and center.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00384-00116004-00116308 You know, each year, our federal government invests
wQ88s_TUi0I-00385-00116308-00116733 over a 150 billion dollars in student financial aid.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00386-00116733-00116995 At least two-thirds of our undergraduates receive some type
wQ88s_TUi0I-00387-00116995-00117220 of credit to support their education,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00388-00117220-00117531 their higher education from the federal government.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00389-00117531-00117709 And collectively, States are investing
wQ88s_TUi0I-00390-00117709-00117890 about 70 billion dollars
wQ88s_TUi0I-00391-00117890-00118195 in public colleges and universities.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00392-00118195-00118432 But as you all know, almost all of the federal student aid
wQ88s_TUi0I-00393-00118432-00118741 that flows to colleges is given based on the number of students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00394-00118741-00118979 that enroll, choose to enroll in that school.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00395-00118979-00119295 And what's missing from the equation is an important factor
wQ88s_TUi0I-00396-00119295-00119624 which is a focus on outcomes.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00397-00119624-00119876 So, in order to live up to their international acclaim,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00398-00119876-00120236 our colleges and universities have to explore new ideas
wQ88s_TUi0I-00399-00120236-00120410 to improve learning and outcomes for students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00400-00120410-00120726 In the spirit of providing the most affordable
wQ88s_TUi0I-00401-00120726-00121008 and highest quality education possible.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00402-00121008-00121472 It's in this very spirit that we have earned our reputation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00403-00121472-00121706 as a nation that our colleges
wQ88s_TUi0I-00404-00121706-00121941 and universities have collectively earned their
wQ88s_TUi0I-00405-00121941-00122268 reputation as a leader in the world.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00406-00122268-00122534 And it's again that spirit that the president is seeking
wQ88s_TUi0I-00407-00122534-00122983 to harness to maximize our investment in resources,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00408-00122983-00123491 in time, and energy, and in focus on higher education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00409-00123491-00123807 Earlier this year, we put forth the series of reform centered
wQ88s_TUi0I-00410-00123807-00124253 around this aim of demonstrating value in higher education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00411-00124253-00124494 It's not good enough to simply enroll students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00412-00124494-00124758 without attending to persistence and completion.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00413-00124758-00125130 Our institutions should not be judged and thrived based
wQ88s_TUi0I-00414-00125130-00125404 on the amount of money they charge students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00415-00125404-00125699 And if some institutions failed to prepare students to graduate
wQ88s_TUi0I-00416-00125699-00125966 and to succeed in the workforce,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00417-00125966-00126250 we are ultimately missing our mark.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00418-00126250-00126580 So, what we need is to accelerate that innovation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00419-00126580-00126858 to help colleges focus on their fundamental mission
wQ88s_TUi0I-00420-00126858-00127324 which is providing a great education at an affordable cost.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00421-00127324-00127829 So, our administration will put forth the suite of legislative
wQ88s_TUi0I-00422-00127829-00128335 and executive actions and proposals, a few of which I'd
wQ88s_TUi0I-00423-00128335-00128708 like to discuss today that we hope will not only come back
wQ88s_TUi0I-00424-00128708-00129105 rising college costs, but really encourage innovation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00425-00129105-00129635 and encourage improvement across our higher education sector.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00426-00129635-00129989 And through this increased focus on value,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00427-00129989-00130148 hopefully we'll achieve a scenario
wQ88s_TUi0I-00428-00130148-00130513 in which students can pursue high quality paths
wQ88s_TUi0I-00429-00130513-00130660 in post-secondary education
wQ88s_TUi0I-00430-00130660-00131202 that will not leave them unduly settled with debt.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00431-00131202-00131329 Throughout this push through reform,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00432-00131329-00131526 the president is very clear that our colleges
wQ88s_TUi0I-00433-00131526-00131924 and universities will be the actors that will lead the way
wQ88s_TUi0I-00434-00131924-00132129 with respect to this change.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00435-00132129-00132209 We're looking for the--
wQ88s_TUi0I-00436-00132209-00132541 we're looking at our higher education sector not only
wQ88s_TUi0I-00437-00132541-00132947 to continue the great work that's already underway
wQ88s_TUi0I-00438-00132947-00133313 by many institutions, but also to spear had greater adoption
wQ88s_TUi0I-00439-00133313-00133621 for the innovations that can really lead us toward a greater
wQ88s_TUi0I-00440-00133621-00133871 vision of value for students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00441-00133871-00134224 It's only through partnership with institutions that a spirit
wQ88s_TUi0I-00442-00134224-00134502 of reform and change will really take hold
wQ88s_TUi0I-00443-00134502-00134898 and can really deliver a more affordable higher education
wQ88s_TUi0I-00444-00134898-00135053 for more Americans.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00445-00135053-00135299 And as I mentioned earlier,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00446-00135299-00135587 almost all federal student aid resources are allocated based
wQ88s_TUi0I-00447-00135587-00135892 on the number of students who enrolled, not the number
wQ88s_TUi0I-00448-00135892-00136247 of degrees that are earned or what students learn.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00449-00136247-00136565 So, at a time when our federal investment is
wQ88s_TUi0I-00450-00136565-00136917 at a 150 billion dollars for federal student aid,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00451-00136917-00137150 and at a time when state investment is actually
wQ88s_TUi0I-00452-00137150-00137370 diminishing relative to need,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00453-00137370-00137851 we must demand greater accountability for our funding.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00454-00137851-00138092 So, the first piece of this plan
wQ88s_TUi0I-00455-00138092-00138251 that the president's put forward is
wQ88s_TUi0I-00456-00138251-00138472 to connect student aid to outcomes.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00457-00138472-00138979 We are aiming to in turn drive a better more affordable education
wQ88s_TUi0I-00458-00138979-00139535 by developing and publishing a new rating system for students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00459-00139535-00139829 and families to make use of.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00460-00139829-00139993 You know, we don't believe
wQ88s_TUi0I-00461-00139993-00140155 that we should be ranking schools based
wQ88s_TUi0I-00462-00140155-00140430 on how expensive they are or how much they spent
wQ88s_TUi0I-00463-00140430-00140832 on capital improvements, or what other elite appear schools
wQ88s_TUi0I-00464-00140832-00141354 think, but instead, on metrics that reflect real value
wQ88s_TUi0I-00465-00141354-00141597 for families and for students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00466-00141597-00141971 Metrics that families themselves can understand.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00467-00141971-00142324 So, you know, right now, we have private rankings, US news
wQ88s_TUi0I-00468-00142324-00142804 and world reports and others that put out each year rankings
wQ88s_TUi0I-00469-00142804-00143224 on academic progress of colleges and universities,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00470-00143224-00143716 encourages a lot of colleges and universities to focus on ways
wQ88s_TUi0I-00471-00143716-00144201 to sometimes actually raise costs for students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00472-00144201-00144454 And the president stated clearly in August
wQ88s_TUi0I-00473-00144454-00144743 that he believe we should rate colleges based on opportunity.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00474-00144743-00145029 How are we helping students from all backgrounds,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00475-00145029-00145214 and particularly, our first generation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00476-00145214-00145491 and our disadvantage students be successful?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00477-00145491-00145755 And how are we providing that information
wQ88s_TUi0I-00478-00145755-00145970 to students and parents?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00479-00145970-00146104 You know, we're going to ask questions
wQ88s_TUi0I-00480-00146104-00146456 like how much debt does the average student live with?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00481-00146456-00146718 How easy is it to pay that debt off?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00482-00146718-00146979 How many students graduate on time?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00483-00146979-00147239 How other graduates do in the workforce?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00484-00147239-00147534 Because we believe these answers will ultimately help parents
wQ88s_TUi0I-00485-00147534-00148017 and students figure out how much a value a college truly offers.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00486-00148017-00148363 You know, and our ratings will also measure how successful
wQ88s_TUi0I-00487-00148363-00148686 colleges are at enrolling and graduating students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00488-00148686-00148900 who are on Pell Grants.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00489-00148900-00149107 It will be our firm principle that our ratings have
wQ88s_TUi0I-00490-00149107-00149357 to be carefully designed to increase,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00491-00149357-00149702 not decrease the opportunities for higher education
wQ88s_TUi0I-00492-00149702-00150077 for students who face economic challenges.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00493-00150077-00150280 So, this is going to take time.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00494-00150280-00150478 It's not an easy proposition,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00495-00150478-00150712 but we think it can empower students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00496-00150712-00150927 and families to make good choices.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00497-00150927-00151193 And we will give any college the chance to show
wQ88s_TUi0I-00498-00151193-00151361 that it's making a serious
wQ88s_TUi0I-00499-00151361-00151722 and consistent commitment to improvement.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00500-00151722-00152024 So, our college may not be where it needs to be right now based
wQ88s_TUi0I-00501-00152024-00152348 on value but there will be the chance to get better.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00502-00152348-00152593 You know, we're going to develop this rating system
wQ88s_TUi0I-00503-00152593-00152925 through extensive public input sessions across the country
wQ88s_TUi0I-00504-00152925-00153182 to gather inputs from parents, from students,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00505-00153182-00153440 from state leaders, from academia,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00506-00153440-00153719 from college presidents, and others.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00507-00153719-00154071 And we're going to focus on measures such as access,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00508-00154071-00154423 affordability, and outcomes.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00509-00154423-00154556 These new ratings will also ensure
wQ88s_TUi0I-00510-00154556-00154729 that colleges are doing their very best
wQ88s_TUi0I-00511-00154729-00155185 to encourage our needy students to be successful.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00512-00155185-00155664 And the president has charged us with preparing this new system
wQ88s_TUi0I-00513-00155664-00156030 by the 2015, '16 academic year.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00514-00156030-00156399 But we're looking forward even beyond that and we hope
wQ88s_TUi0I-00515-00156399-00156798 to use this rating system in a much bigger way by calling
wQ88s_TUi0I-00516-00156798-00157177 on Congress to examine this proposition of value
wQ88s_TUi0I-00517-00157177-00157620 and of ratings as it allocates federal financial aid.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00518-00157737-00157981 Under this proposal, students will still be able
wQ88s_TUi0I-00519-00157981-00158220 to choose the schools that they want.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00520-00158220-00158471 I want to make that clear.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00521-00158471-00159000 But, we are proposing a proposition
wQ88s_TUi0I-00522-00159000-00159508 where taxpayer dollars will proportionally go greater
wQ88s_TUi0I-00523-00159508-00159828 towards schools that we know are working the hardest to deliver
wQ88s_TUi0I-00524-00159828-00160232 on this promise on affordability and value in quality.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00525-00160365-00160626 And in addition, we want to make sure
wQ88s_TUi0I-00526-00160626-00161044 that more states are following in the footsteps of some
wQ88s_TUi0I-00527-00161044-00161206 of the leading states that are looking
wQ88s_TUi0I-00528-00161206-00161399 at performance-based funding
wQ88s_TUi0I-00529-00161399-00161785 and performance-based reforms and outcomes.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00530-00161785-00162086 States like Ohio, like Indiana, like Tennessee,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00531-00162086-00162357 they're doing great work to move their state higher education
wQ88s_TUi0I-00532-00162357-00162792 systems forward and to focus on attainment
wQ88s_TUi0I-00533-00162792-00163190 and completion alongside enrollment
wQ88s_TUi0I-00534-00163190-00163476 in how they support their state public colleges
wQ88s_TUi0I-00535-00163476-00163587 and universities.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00536-00163587-00163941 You know, by making competitive funding available,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00537-00163941-00164215 our administration is seeking dispersed state higher education
wQ88s_TUi0I-00538-00164215-00164665 reform and reshape the federal state partnership
wQ88s_TUi0I-00539-00164665-00165017 by also encouraging that states to maintain their funding
wQ88s_TUi0I-00540-00165017-00165236 for public higher education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00541-00165236-00165541 This race to the top competition, this is something
wQ88s_TUi0I-00542-00165541-00165813 that was part of our administration's plans last year
wQ88s_TUi0I-00543-00165813-00166124 for higher education, and included again
wQ88s_TUi0I-00544-00166124-00166432 in the president's call this August.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00545-00166432-00166659 We'll be squarely focused on what we can do
wQ88s_TUi0I-00546-00166659-00167062 to support greater access and affordability particularly
wQ88s_TUi0I-00547-00167062-00167289 at our public colleges and universities
wQ88s_TUi0I-00548-00167289-00167463 where about three quarters
wQ88s_TUi0I-00549-00167463-00167917 of America's undergraduate students are currently enrolled.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00550-00167917-00168253 Now, if we're going lead the world in the proportion
wQ88s_TUi0I-00551-00168253-00168523 of college graduates, we also need to be sure we are
wQ88s_TUi0I-00552-00168523-00168847 on the cutting edge of innovation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00553-00168847-00169090 on our college campuses.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00554-00169090-00169591 We need American higher education to do more
wQ88s_TUi0I-00555-00169591-00170005 to really focus on teaching and learning and on reshaping
wQ88s_TUi0I-00556-00170005-00170304 that college experience for our students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00557-00170304-00170537 You know, the good news is we know that there are new
wQ88s_TUi0I-00558-00170537-00171057 and often better ways of pursuing teaching and learning
wQ88s_TUi0I-00559-00171057-00171273 at our higher education institutions.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00560-00171273-00171794 We don't need to look far to find examples of innovation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00561-00171794-00172132 and our pioneers that are looking at new developments
wQ88s_TUi0I-00562-00172132-00172293 in harnessing the power of innovation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00563-00172293-00172612 to lead higher education really toward a new frontier.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00564-00172612-00173019 You know, we've seen examples from across the country.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00565-00173019-00173493 We've seen competency-based learning being tried now not
wQ88s_TUi0I-00566-00173493-00174028 just online but at colleges and universities across the country,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00567-00174028-00174295 including colleges like Southern New Hampshire University
wQ88s_TUi0I-00568-00174295-00174568 and the University of Wisconsin System
wQ88s_TUi0I-00569-00174568-00174907 that are doing what a realign and recalibrate their system
wQ88s_TUi0I-00570-00174907-00175216 to actually reward students based on what they learn,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00571-00175216-00175396 not how much time they spend
wQ88s_TUi0I-00572-00175396-00175679 in their lecture hall or in their seat.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00573-00175679-00175798 Redesigned courses
wQ88s_TUi0I-00574-00175798-00176281 that integrate online platforms are exciting new ways
wQ88s_TUi0I-00575-00176281-00176762 to bring technology in a blended flat fashion into teaching
wQ88s_TUi0I-00576-00176762-00177048 and learning in our college classrooms.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00577-00177048-00177152 You know, this National Center
wQ88s_TUi0I-00578-00177152-00177507 for Academic Transformations has shown the effectiveness
wQ88s_TUi0I-00579-00177507-00177814 of thoughtful use of technology across a wide range
wQ88s_TUi0I-00580-00177814-00178181 of academic disciplines, improving outcomes for students,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00581-00178181-00178571 and reducing cost by nearly 40 percent on average.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00582-00178571-00179067 NE [phonetics] advising tools, online learning communities,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00583-00179067-00179548 special cohorts of students, are encouraging persistence
wQ88s_TUi0I-00584-00179548-00179876 in alerting our college faculty
wQ88s_TUi0I-00585-00179876-00180090 when students needed additional help
wQ88s_TUi0I-00586-00180090-00180370 to be able to be successful.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00587-00180370-00180775 You know, colleges can also award prior learning credit,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00588-00180775-00181380 an experience for due enrollment and for opportunities
wQ88s_TUi0I-00589-00181380-00181692 in learning that individuals both young adults,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00590-00181692-00182107 as well as adults bring, as they enroll in college
wQ88s_TUi0I-00591-00182107-00182434 and give them real credit for that toward their degree.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00592-00182434-00182697 So, this rising type of innovation has the potential
wQ88s_TUi0I-00593-00182697-00182992 to shake up our higher education landscape.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00594-00182992-00183148 You know, we still have a lot of approaches
wQ88s_TUi0I-00595-00183148-00183469 that under development and too few students are actually
wQ88s_TUi0I-00596-00183469-00183732 reaping the benefits of this innovation today.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00597-00183732-00184212 But we have a proposal to do more to support a new first
wQ88s_TUi0I-00598-00184212-00184475 in the world fund that will test, evaluate,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00599-00184475-00184838 and help scale innovative approaches to higher education
wQ88s_TUi0I-00600-00184838-00185189 that we hope will lead dramatically better outcomes
wQ88s_TUi0I-00601-00185189-00185508 for students, and to make sure that we are developing
wQ88s_TUi0I-00602-00185508-00185712 and recognizing the leadership
wQ88s_TUi0I-00603-00185712-00186056 across America's higher education institutions,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00604-00186056-00186256 to demonstrate that they are really truly helping their
wQ88s_TUi0I-00605-00186256-00186683 students learn in new and innovative ways.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00606-00186683-00187055 We're looking at new authority, regulatory,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00607-00187055-00187467 and administrative authority to issue flexibility
wQ88s_TUi0I-00608-00187467-00187694 through an experimental sites authority that we have
wQ88s_TUi0I-00609-00187694-00188001 in the Higher Education Act to promote high quality,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00610-00188001-00188259 low cost innovations in higher education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00611-00188259-00188494 And make sure that it's possible for instance for students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00612-00188494-00188770 to get financial aid based on how much they've learned rather
wQ88s_TUi0I-00613-00188770-00189033 than the amount of time they've spent in class.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00614-00189033-00189227 You know, we're looking at pilot opportunities
wQ88s_TUi0I-00615-00189227-00189481 to offer Pell Grants to high school students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00616-00189481-00189728 who are taking college courses
wQ88s_TUi0I-00617-00189728-00190206 and allowing federal financial aid to be used to pay test fees
wQ88s_TUi0I-00618-00190206-00190487 when students are seeking early academic credit
wQ88s_TUi0I-00619-00190487-00190765 for prior learning, or combining these traditional
wQ88s_TUi0I-00620-00190765-00191222 and competency-based courses into a single program of study.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00621-00191400-00191628 Another key component of providing--
wQ88s_TUi0I-00622-00191628-00191956 promoting this value proposition in higher education is
wQ88s_TUi0I-00623-00191956-00192170 to provide new tools to help students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00624-00192170-00192530 and families understand their choices
wQ88s_TUi0I-00625-00192530-00192846 in a higher education landscape.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00626-00192846-00193002 You know, the new college rating system
wQ88s_TUi0I-00627-00193002-00193356 that I discussed here will help advance these efforts.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00628-00193356-00193789 But we've also made important and significance strives
wQ88s_TUi0I-00629-00193789-00194135 that we want to make sure more American families are aware off
wQ88s_TUi0I-00630-00194135-00194544 to provide data to consumers in a clear and comprehensible way
wQ88s_TUi0I-00631-00194544-00194785 to two new tools that helps students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00632-00194785-00194996 and parents understand what they're doing
wQ88s_TUi0I-00633-00194996-00195305 and why they choose-- and what their choices are in terms
wQ88s_TUi0I-00634-00195305-00195501 of higher education investment.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00635-00195501-00195922 The first is a new Know Before You Owe campaign
wQ88s_TUi0I-00636-00195922-00196273 that includes a Financial Aid Shopping Sheet.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00637-00196273-00196741 And this shopping sheet is an individualized but standardized
wQ88s_TUi0I-00638-00196741-00196913 across the higher education sector,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00639-00196913-00197289 financial aid award letter that students and families get
wQ88s_TUi0I-00640-00197289-00197688 on the front end to understand the cost of college,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00641-00197688-00197845 as well as what aid is available
wQ88s_TUi0I-00642-00197845-00198301 to them before making the final decision on where to enroll.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00643-00198301-00198850 The second is a new college scorecard.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00644-00198850-00199252 As many of saw, this was released earlier this year
wQ88s_TUi0I-00645-00199252-00199516 as a part of our State of the Union message.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00646-00199516-00199800 And the scorecard is designed to provide clear,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00647-00199800-00200185 concise information on cost, on graduation rate,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00648-00200185-00200497 on loan default rate, on the amount borrowed,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00649-00200497-00200791 and on employment for every degree granting institution
wQ88s_TUi0I-00650-00200791-00200988 in the country.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00651-00200988-00201226 And we want to make that scorecard available
wQ88s_TUi0I-00652-00201226-00201624 and interactive, easy to read format, for students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00653-00201624-00201815 and families to compare colleges
wQ88s_TUi0I-00654-00201815-00202107 and to make the best decisions for their future.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00655-00202278-00202458 We also have to make sure we're attending
wQ88s_TUi0I-00656-00202458-00202794 to the high default rates that we have in some of our sectors
wQ88s_TUi0I-00657-00202794-00203183 that we know are impacting the opportunity later for students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00658-00203183-00203548 to be successful and to repay their debt.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00659-00203548-00203781 You know, we have high default rates for instance
wQ88s_TUi0I-00660-00203781-00204203 in the four profit sector where the highest average two
wQ88s_TUi0I-00661-00204203-00204650 and three-year cohort default rates are at 13.6 percent
wQ88s_TUi0I-00662-00204650-00204973 and 21.8 percent respectively.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00663-00205081-00205513 Now, here, our administration is trying to do more to make sure
wQ88s_TUi0I-00664-00205513-00205942 that we are bringing greater regulatory attention,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00665-00205942-00206332 to bring greater accountability into this career college sector.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00666-00206332-00206629 Defining what it means for a program to prepare students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00667-00206629-00206985 for gainful employment, in a recognized occupation,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00668-00206985-00207256 and to construct an accountability system
wQ88s_TUi0I-00669-00207256-00207509 that distinguishes between programs that prepare students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00670-00207509-00207928 for gainful employment and those that do not.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00671-00207928-00208342 So, we're looking at new matrix for these institutions
wQ88s_TUi0I-00672-00208342-00208658 to measure their success.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00673-00208658-00209025 And these regulations are aiming to support students in deciding
wQ88s_TUi0I-00674-00209025-00209282 where to pursue a post-secondary education
wQ88s_TUi0I-00675-00209282-00209569 by increasing the transparency of their cost and making sure
wQ88s_TUi0I-00676-00209569-00209846 that those institutions that are not delivering
wQ88s_TUi0I-00677-00209846-00210177 on the gainful employment are not recipients of some
wQ88s_TUi0I-00678-00210177-00210337 of that 150 billion dollars
wQ88s_TUi0I-00679-00210337-00210603 for our federal financial investment.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00680-00210813-00211265 Now, let us-- The other important element that we have
wQ88s_TUi0I-00681-00211265-00211486 to focus on here is also making sure
wQ88s_TUi0I-00682-00211486-00211884 that our borrowers have access to the tools and the resources
wQ88s_TUi0I-00683-00211884-00212207 that will help them to make responsible choices,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00684-00212207-00212544 responsible borrowing decisions, and better management
wQ88s_TUi0I-00685-00212544-00212823 of their debt during repayment.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00686-00212823-00213226 So, last year, we've looked at new loan counseling tools
wQ88s_TUi0I-00687-00213226-00213483 that are aimed at providing students with an interactive way
wQ88s_TUi0I-00688-00213483-00213744 to get the information they need and key points
wQ88s_TUi0I-00689-00213744-00213982 in their borrowing process.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00690-00213982-00214262 You know, unless we continue to make improvements
wQ88s_TUi0I-00691-00214262-00214473 to those tools online based on the feedback
wQ88s_TUi0I-00692-00214473-00214775 from our financial aid experts, our students and our families,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00693-00214775-00215039 and our college counselors, we are seeking to do more
wQ88s_TUi0I-00694-00215039-00215384 to make sure that we are helping to support our borrowers
wQ88s_TUi0I-00695-00215384-00215738 at every point in their college experience,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00696-00215738-00216323 at entrance counseling during school, and at exit counseling.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00697-00216323-00216544 We also have new options through the president's Pay
wQ88s_TUi0I-00698-00216544-00216882 as You Earn Plan which started last year and it enables many
wQ88s_TUi0I-00699-00216882-00217019 of our student loan borrowers
wQ88s_TUi0I-00700-00217019-00217227 to cap their student loan repayments
wQ88s_TUi0I-00701-00217227-00217381 at 10 percent of their income.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00702-00217381-00217535 And additionally,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00703-00217535-00217786 the administration's budget includes a new Pay
wQ88s_TUi0I-00704-00217786-00218182 as You Earn Plan that would expand
wQ88s_TUi0I-00705-00218182-00218504 that to all student borrowers who need it.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00706-00218504-00218721 You know, part of our challenge with Pay as You Earn has been
wQ88s_TUi0I-00707-00218721-00218981 to make sure that we are targeting the subgroups
wQ88s_TUi0I-00708-00218981-00219330 of borrowers who are most likely to benefit and most likely
wQ88s_TUi0I-00709-00219330-00219591 to need this assistance.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00710-00219591-00219881 And so, we are continuing to do more work in that area
wQ88s_TUi0I-00711-00219881-00220151 and implementing new streamlined applications for Pay
wQ88s_TUi0I-00712-00220151-00220367 as You Earn, as well as identifying some
wQ88s_TUi0I-00713-00220367-00220659 of our borrowers that might be at risk of default,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00714-00220659-00220873 those that might be in low income households
wQ88s_TUi0I-00715-00220873-00221098 so that they know that they have opportunities
wQ88s_TUi0I-00716-00221098-00221492 to peg their student loan repayment to a manageable share
wQ88s_TUi0I-00717-00221492-00221866 of their discretionary income every month.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00718-00221866-00222027 So, I hope you'll see the thrust
wQ88s_TUi0I-00719-00222027-00222381 of the reforms I've discussed here are really squarely aimed
wQ88s_TUi0I-00720-00222381-00222621 at demonstrating value in higher education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00721-00222621-00223096 We know that some institutions at present are enabled
wQ88s_TUi0I-00722-00223096-00223464 to do better than others on this prospect.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00723-00223464-00223829 But it's our hope that with a new national conversation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00724-00223829-00224294 and a continued emphasis on outcomes, on quality,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00725-00224294-00224444 on affordability,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00726-00224444-00224813 we can collectively drive our American higher education sector
wQ88s_TUi0I-00727-00224813-00225309 toward the kind of results that will move our economy forward.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00728-00225309-00225637 Because, you know, we fiercely believe even
wQ88s_TUi0I-00729-00225637-00226050 with student indebtedness exceeding 26,000 dollars
wQ88s_TUi0I-00730-00226050-00226507 on average, college is worth it.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00731-00226507-00226919 Just looking academically, we know we have plenty to support
wQ88s_TUi0I-00732-00226919-00227354 that claim, but there are thousands of individuals
wQ88s_TUi0I-00733-00227354-00227666 around the country who are able to attest to that.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00734-00227666-00228344 And we know we all have a role to play in this vision to again,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00735-00228344-00228607 regain our standing internationally in terms
wQ88s_TUi0I-00736-00228607-00228773 of college completion.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00737-00228773-00229025 You all know well that the federal government can't take
wQ88s_TUi0I-00738-00229025-00229375 this issue on a loan or should it.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00739-00229375-00229725 We need partnership across sectors, across the nation,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00740-00229725-00229996 to improve our system of higher education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00741-00229996-00230179 We need the States to do their part
wQ88s_TUi0I-00742-00230179-00230476 to prioritize higher education funding.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00743-00230476-00230734 States simply can't cut their higher education budgets
wQ88s_TUi0I-00744-00230734-00231015 to balance-- to balance their broader budgets
wQ88s_TUi0I-00745-00231015-00231325 and expect institutions to just make up the difference
wQ88s_TUi0I-00746-00231325-00231557 or to pass along that difference to parents.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00747-00231557-00231867 We need the States to do their part to--
wQ88s_TUi0I-00748-00231867-00232134 we need colleges to do their part to act with creativity
wQ88s_TUi0I-00749-00232134-00232417 and urgency to contain costs.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00750-00232417-00232623 And they must hold themselves accountable for ensuring
wQ88s_TUi0I-00751-00232623-00232882 that students get an education that prepares them
wQ88s_TUi0I-00752-00232882-00233229 for success in the workplace.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00753-00233229-00233610 And we need our families and our students empowered
wQ88s_TUi0I-00754-00233610-00233853 with the information to make good decisions
wQ88s_TUi0I-00755-00233853-00234055 about where to we attend college.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00756-00234055-00234398 And they will ultimately walk with their feet.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00757-00234398-00234600 We know that our students will make decisions based
wQ88s_TUi0I-00758-00234600-00234935 on where value is highest so that they can spur the market
wQ88s_TUi0I-00759-00234935-00235194 into producing more of what's good.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00760-00235194-00235523 So, ultimately, all of these is in the broader vain
wQ88s_TUi0I-00761-00235523-00235753 of educating our way to a better economy
wQ88s_TUi0I-00762-00235753-00235938 and to a stronger middle class.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00763-00235938-00236212 That's what we're focused on as an administration.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00764-00236212-00236673 And we know that education is the surest path to get there.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00765-00236673-00236867 And higher education is one
wQ88s_TUi0I-00766-00236867-00237050 of the single most important investments
wQ88s_TUi0I-00767-00237050-00237271 that we can make on that path.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00768-00237271-00237478 So, thanks very much.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00769-00237478-00237873 I look forward to hearing your comments, your questions,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00770-00237873-00238251 and your input for us as we move this agenda forward.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00771-00238251-00238701 [ Applause ]
wQ88s_TUi0I-00772-00238701-00239080 [ Pause ]
wQ88s_TUi0I-00773-00239080-00239255 >> Thank you very much once again
wQ88s_TUi0I-00774-00239255-00239376 for coming to speak with us.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00775-00239376-00239566 We have a whole bunch of questions.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00776-00239566-00239646 I hope you are ready.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00777-00239646-00239813 >> Yes.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00778-00239813-00239925 >> All right.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00779-00239925-00240058 Let's start with this one.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00780-00240058-00240182 This is from the audience.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00781-00240182-00240421 Should we be concerned that Lincoln College ratings
wQ88s_TUi0I-00782-00240421-00240758 to outcomes like graduation will provide incentives for schools
wQ88s_TUi0I-00783-00240758-00240925 to manipulate these measures?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00784-00240925-00241142 For example, by making classes easier
wQ88s_TUi0I-00785-00241142-00241516 or weakening college degree requirements?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00786-00241516-00241928 >> Yes I think we have to be vigilant about that.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00787-00241928-00242039 You know-- this is,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00788-00242039-00242457 as I mentioned is challenging endeavor
wQ88s_TUi0I-00789-00242457-00242762 to develop a new rating system and we have to be able to look
wQ88s_TUi0I-00790-00242762-00243102 at the interactive effect of the various variables
wQ88s_TUi0I-00791-00243102-00243240 that would be intergraded there.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00792-00243240-00243765 There is clearly opportunity if we were looking
wQ88s_TUi0I-00793-00243765-00244276 at graduation rates for instance alone to gain that system.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00794-00244276-00244580 And that's why we also need to be looking at new measures
wQ88s_TUi0I-00795-00244580-00245131 around quality and making sure that we're focus in attending
wQ88s_TUi0I-00796-00245131-00245569 to the rigor of teaching and learning at our institutions.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00797-00245569-00246046 And we have some measures that we can look toward now there.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00798-00246046-00246421 Particularly looking at gainful employment as one.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00799-00246421-00246744 But we need more, we actually, honestly need more innovation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00800-00246744-00247109 in that space, we need better measures of teaching
wQ88s_TUi0I-00801-00247109-00247380 and learning at the postsecondary level.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00802-00247380-00247917 We have not turned our attention as a country
wQ88s_TUi0I-00803-00247917-00248103 from an education prospective
wQ88s_TUi0I-00804-00248103-00248471 to developing better measures there unlike in our K-12
wQ88s_TUi0I-00805-00248471-00248667 and early childhood sector where there a lot
wQ88s_TUi0I-00806-00248667-00249044 of measures around quality.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00807-00249044-00249259 >> Roberto, my name is Mark Weatherspoon [assumed spelling],
wQ88s_TUi0I-00808-00249259-00249396 I am a doctoral student
wQ88s_TUi0I-00809-00249396-00249588 in the higher education program here at Michigan.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00810-00249588-00249911 This is kind of similar to the question that was just asked,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00811-00249911-00250364 but do you think that there would be any type of influence
wQ88s_TUi0I-00812-00250364-00250690 of this present score on the current accreditation system?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00813-00250690-00251119 And if there is not what do you think
wQ88s_TUi0I-00814-00251119-00251311 about the occurring accreditation system?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00815-00251311-00251462 And do you think there's any changes
wQ88s_TUi0I-00816-00251462-00251767 that we should be focusing on?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00817-00251767-00252046 >> Well, you know-- I thank you for the question.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00818-00252046-00252294 I do think we need to endeavor
wQ88s_TUi0I-00819-00252294-00252567 to improve the current accreditation system.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00820-00252567-00252967 And, you know, part of the President's message
wQ88s_TUi0I-00821-00252967-00253256 at the beginning of this year in the State of the Union was
wQ88s_TUi0I-00822-00253256-00253661 to take on this challenge of reforming accreditation.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00823-00253661-00254123 You know, I think at the institution level,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00824-00254123-00254494 you have state level as well as regional
wQ88s_TUi0I-00825-00254494-00255006 and discipline specific accreditors constantly coming
wQ88s_TUi0I-00826-00255006-00255434 and looking at whether that institution's accredited.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00827-00255434-00255544 Many of those institutions--
wQ88s_TUi0I-00828-00255544-00255979 many of those processes do not focus on outcomes
wQ88s_TUi0I-00829-00255979-00256102 as much as they should.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00830-00256102-00256437 Many of them focus too much on inputs.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00831-00256437-00256641 So we believe we need to have a new conversation
wQ88s_TUi0I-00832-00256641-00256726 about accreditation.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00833-00256726-00256958 We're hoping we can have that as part of the reauthorization
wQ88s_TUi0I-00834-00256958-00257292 that Congress might consider of the Higher Education Act.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00835-00257292-00257669 And we also believe we need more alternate systems
wQ88s_TUi0I-00836-00257669-00257776 of accreditation.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00837-00257776-00257986 Because we believe that there are new innovations that are
wQ88s_TUi0I-00838-00257986-00258417 that are taking shape today in our higher education landscape
wQ88s_TUi0I-00839-00258417-00258906 that are not either well suited or willing to go
wQ88s_TUi0I-00840-00258906-00259314 through the more traditional accreditation process.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00841-00259314-00259640 But that might be producing good outcomes for students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00842-00259640-00259921 So we can't lose sight of that and we need an alternate process
wQ88s_TUi0I-00843-00259921-00260315 to be able to recognize that too.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00844-00260315-00260359 >> Thank you.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00845-00260359-00260596 Sorry I neglected to introduce myself last time,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00846-00260596-00260712 I'm Danny Christman.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00847-00260712-00260888 I'm a staff here at the Ford School.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00848-00260888-00261400 Let me give you one last one about the measures.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00849-00261400-00261558 What are the defining parameters
wQ88s_TUi0I-00850-00261558-00261715 of what the administration considers
wQ88s_TUi0I-00851-00261715-00261898 "called high quality education?"
wQ88s_TUi0I-00852-00261898-00262096 For example, can you give us some more specifics,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00853-00262096-00262365 the factors that might go into the ratings?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00854-00262506-00262984 >> Sure. Well, you know, we're looking at the rating system
wQ88s_TUi0I-00855-00262984-00263387 at measuring issues like access.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00856-00263387-00263550 You know how many-- what is the share
wQ88s_TUi0I-00857-00263550-00263876 of low income eligible students for instance
wQ88s_TUi0I-00858-00263876-00264186 that the institution is enrolling.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00859-00264186-00264416 We're looking at issues around affordability,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00860-00264416-00264927 what is the change in net price for instance and how does
wQ88s_TUi0I-00861-00264927-00265396 that square with, you know, some of the other data that we have
wQ88s_TUi0I-00862-00265396-00265650 with respect to maybe-- if it's a public institution how much
wQ88s_TUi0I-00863-00265650-00265915 the state is investing in that institution?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00864-00265915-00266153 And we're looking at factors around outcomes.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00865-00266153-00266399 We're looking default rates.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00866-00266399-00266992 And we want to look at some measure of gainful employments,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00867-00266992-00267573 some measure of future earnings as an important proxy there.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00868-00267573-00268123 You know, right now, through the [inaudible] process,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00869-00268123-00268539 the government collects data on about 15 different indicators
wQ88s_TUi0I-00870-00268539-00268923 across our higher education institutions.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00871-00268923-00269310 So we have quite a bit of data already out there.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00872-00269310-00269788 I think the challenge here for us is going to be how to distil
wQ88s_TUi0I-00873-00269788-00270209 that in a really thoughtful system that is fair
wQ88s_TUi0I-00874-00270209-00270807 to institutions that compares institutions in a fair manner,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00875-00270807-00271258 because our higher education sector is tremendously diverse.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00876-00271258-00271432 It's one of its strengths, right.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00877-00271432-00271734 We have great two-year colleges, great four-year colleges,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00878-00271734-00272266 public, private career colleges, more liberal arts institutions.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00879-00272266-00272510 So, we want to be able to have a system that's going
wQ88s_TUi0I-00880-00272510-00272756 to recognize the new ones there.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00881-00272756-00273196 And overtime, we'll be setting for the technical advisory group
wQ88s_TUi0I-00882-00273196-00273481 that will help our Department
wQ88s_TUi0I-00883-00273481-00273742 of Education navigate the development
wQ88s_TUi0I-00884-00273742-00273951 of this type of system.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00885-00273951-00274303 [ Pause ]
wQ88s_TUi0I-00886-00274303-00274441 >> I guess we're going to kind
wQ88s_TUi0I-00887-00274441-00274668 of switch gears a little bit here.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00888-00274668-00274936 This question is probably a three-hour,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00889-00274936-00275325 it needs a three-hour response, but five minutes will do.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00890-00275325-00275604 Let's talk about gainful employment.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00891-00275604-00275820 >> OK, let's talk about it.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00892-00275820-00276174 >> Yeah. Can you-- just real quickly,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00893-00276174-00276473 where are at on the state of gainful employment?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00894-00276473-00276795 How big of a factor is this going to be
wQ88s_TUi0I-00895-00276795-00277004 in the higher education system?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00896-00277004-00277442 And do you think that such a policy will possible deter
wQ88s_TUi0I-00897-00277442-00278240 students from seeking out specific majors or philosophy?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00898-00278240-00278486 >> That is another three-hour lecture.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00899-00278486-00278513 >> Yeah.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00900-00278513-00278659 >> We'll try to tackle it.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00901-00278659-00279113 You know, our administration had taken the first foray
wQ88s_TUi0I-00902-00279113-00279610 into regulating on the congressional requirement
wQ88s_TUi0I-00903-00279610-00279839 for gainful employment of Career College programs.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00904-00279839-00280127 These are programs that are vocational in nature
wQ88s_TUi0I-00905-00280127-00280248 that are preparing students
wQ88s_TUi0I-00906-00280248-00280728 to enter a particular field of employment.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00907-00280838-00281063 You know, we have promulgated a rule earlier
wQ88s_TUi0I-00908-00281063-00281394 in our administration that looked at debt
wQ88s_TUi0I-00909-00281394-00282015 to earnings ratios as an important measure of success,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00910-00282015-00282406 as well default rates in the context
wQ88s_TUi0I-00911-00282406-00282862 of calibrating a new system that looks at gainful employment
wQ88s_TUi0I-00912-00282862-00283179 and that whether individual programs, not whole schools,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00913-00283179-00283797 but individual programs offered within schools are delivering
wQ88s_TUi0I-00914-00283797-00284310 on this commitment and this requirement by statute.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00915-00284310-00284448 Many of those schools are actually--
wQ88s_TUi0I-00916-00284448-00284833 many of those programs are operated at community colleges.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00917-00284833-00285031 But many of them are also operated
wQ88s_TUi0I-00918-00285031-00285225 at for-profit institutions.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00919-00285225-00285582 And many of those for-profit institutions--
wQ88s_TUi0I-00920-00285582-00285790 some of them are wonderful actors.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00921-00285790-00286303 Others, unfortunately, are not delivering or they're--
wQ88s_TUi0I-00922-00286303-00286533 you know, students are graduating,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00923-00286533-00286701 unable to enter gainful employment
wQ88s_TUi0I-00924-00286701-00287014 or with very high levels of debt or default.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00925-00287014-00287676 So, the key to making sure that we are not curtailing,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00926-00287676-00287940 a necessarily options for students is to make sure
wQ88s_TUi0I-00927-00287940-00288185 that we have thoughtful system that's measured.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00928-00288185-00288520 I would point out that we're already beginning
wQ88s_TUi0I-00929-00288520-00288818 to collect data from the sector.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00930-00288818-00289338 And I think we're seeing a relatively low share,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00931-00289338-00289700 less than modest share of institutions
wQ88s_TUi0I-00932-00289700-00290129 that actually are not able to meet the proposed matrix
wQ88s_TUi0I-00933-00290129-00290668 that we're initially part of our administration's rule.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00934-00290668-00290843 But there are number of institutions out there
wQ88s_TUi0I-00935-00290843-00291401 that have programs that didn't measure up.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00936-00291401-00291633 We now are back at the negotiating table,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00937-00291633-00291969 that's where we are right now because there was a part
wQ88s_TUi0I-00938-00291969-00292549 of our rule that was stayed by the court, by the circuit court.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00939-00292549-00292931 And we are reconvening negotiators to look
wQ88s_TUi0I-00940-00292931-00293336 at redrafting a new rule around gainful employment.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00941-00293336-00293601 I can't talk too much about the particulars of that rule
wQ88s_TUi0I-00942-00293601-00294020 because those negotiations are actually ongoing
wQ88s_TUi0I-00943-00294020-00294266 into the next-- into next month.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00944-00294266-00294526 And that regulation will continue to take shape.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00945-00294526-00294843 What I will say is we are going to continue to pursue this
wQ88s_TUi0I-00946-00294843-00295288 because we believe that it's an important function
wQ88s_TUi0I-00947-00295288-00295652 of our government to be good stewards of taxpayer dollars.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00948-00295652-00295944 We do not want taxpayer dollars going to programs
wQ88s_TUi0I-00949-00295944-00296467 that are saddling students with that and that are not resulting
wQ88s_TUi0I-00950-00296467-00296850 in a gainful employment and not enabling them
wQ88s_TUi0I-00951-00296850-00297078 to repay that debt.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00952-00297078-00297510 And we are going to take a close look at the concentration
wQ88s_TUi0I-00953-00297510-00297848 of programs that are failing those measures on the basis
wQ88s_TUi0I-00954-00297848-00298054 of the disciplines, right?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00955-00298054-00298292 Right now, I don't think we have data that suggests
wQ88s_TUi0I-00956-00298292-00298446 that there is a particular discipline
wQ88s_TUi0I-00957-00298446-00298734 that would be disproportionately impacted
wQ88s_TUi0I-00958-00298734-00299111 by the administration's original gainful employment rule.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00959-00299111-00299337 But we'll continue to look at that moving forward
wQ88s_TUi0I-00960-00299337-00299711 because we now have-- we'll soon have two years worth of data
wQ88s_TUi0I-00961-00299711-00300204 to be able take a closer look at that question.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00962-00300204-00300456 >> I majored in philosophy.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00963-00300456-00300768 I'm not sure how much I would recommend that.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00964-00300768-00301100 So here's one from the Twitter world.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00965-00301100-00301539 If you could make one change in the entire education system
wQ88s_TUi0I-00966-00301539-00301762 to improve equity, we had several questions
wQ88s_TUi0I-00967-00301762-00302337 about equity, what would that be?
wQ88s_TUi0I-00968-00302337-00302499 >> Well that-- it's a challenge
wQ88s_TUi0I-00969-00302499-00302753 because there's a whole lot we need to do in equity
wQ88s_TUi0I-00970-00302753-00303200 across the pipeline to create of their career.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00971-00303200-00303444 But I think the single most important change
wQ88s_TUi0I-00972-00303444-00303985 that can be made in terms of really tackling the impact
wQ88s_TUi0I-00973-00303985-00304512 of poverty on learning is to provide all
wQ88s_TUi0I-00974-00304512-00304831 of our children a high quality education before they
wQ88s_TUi0I-00975-00304831-00305029 reach kindergarten.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00976-00305029-00305352 And this-- the contours of that plan is the President's proposed
wQ88s_TUi0I-00977-00305352-00305666 that is to provide preschool for all low
wQ88s_TUi0I-00978-00305666-00305970 and middle income four-year-olds in the country.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00979-00305970-00306194 And make sure that that preschool is high quality.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00980-00306194-00306642 We have had study upon study that had demonstrated the return
wQ88s_TUi0I-00981-00306642-00306890 on investment upwards to seven dollars
wQ88s_TUi0I-00982-00306890-00307265 for every dollar invested, there's individual benefits,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00983-00307265-00307769 there are broader community benefits, economic benefits.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00984-00307769-00308182 And it's, you know, we've seen this also tried in communities
wQ88s_TUi0I-00985-00308182-00308513 around the country both at the state level
wQ88s_TUi0I-00986-00308513-00308737 and at the local level.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00987-00308737-00309241 And we've seen tremendous impact here.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00988-00309241-00309939 I would turn folks to the recent study that was released
wQ88s_TUi0I-00989-00309939-00310405 by the Foundation on Child Development
wQ88s_TUi0I-00990-00310405-00310924 that Deborah Phillips, who was the author of one of the Neurons
wQ88s_TUi0I-00991-00310924-00311318 to Neighborhoods National Science Foundation Studies,
wQ88s_TUi0I-00992-00311318-00311721 helped compiled that shows the benefits of high quality pre-K.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00993-00311721-00311971 We believe that it's one of the key drivers
wQ88s_TUi0I-00994-00311971-00312152 for equity moving forward.
wQ88s_TUi0I-00995-00312152-00312519 And if we can do that, we have the opportunity to begin
wQ88s_TUi0I-00996-00312519-00313036 to remediate that achievement gap and that learning gap
wQ88s_TUi0I-00997-00313036-00313362 that already is manifesting itself at 60 points
wQ88s_TUi0I-00998-00313362-00313600 between low income children and their more affluent peers
wQ88s_TUi0I-00999-00313600-00313801 by the time they reach kindergarten.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01000-00313801-00314230 >> This is another one from the Twitter--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01001-00314230-00314491 not Twitter, from Twitter.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01002-00314491-00314992 There is no empirical evidence on effective long counseling.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01003-00314992-00315446 So what is the Department of Ed doing to revise its services
wQ88s_TUi0I-01004-00315446-00315657 and why not fund research?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01005-00315657-00315901 >> Good idea.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01006-00315901-00316078 I think we should do more
wQ88s_TUi0I-01007-00316078-00316382 to fund more research on that front.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01008-00316382-00316666 You know, we do believe that we need to do a better job
wQ88s_TUi0I-01009-00316666-00316763 of reaching borrowers
wQ88s_TUi0I-01010-00316763-00317017 and providing them greater counseling.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01011-00317017-00317260 You know, we've definitely know that the tools
wQ88s_TUi0I-01012-00317260-00317577 that we're provided previously were not sufficient.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01013-00317577-00317796 So what we've done has gone back to the drawing board
wQ88s_TUi0I-01014-00317796-00318313 and created a new interface that all students can interact
wQ88s_TUi0I-01015-00318313-00318865 on at-- it's at www.ed.gov.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01016-00318865-00319305 If you link on student aid, you can interact
wQ88s_TUi0I-01017-00319305-00319654 with the college counseling tool and loan counseling tool that,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01018-00319654-00319977 as I mentioned in the remarks, really reaches borrowers
wQ88s_TUi0I-01019-00319977-00320420 at every point in their college career from entrance
wQ88s_TUi0I-01020-00320420-00320702 through school and then, obviously, accept counseling.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01021-00320702-00321346 You know, information and transparency around data is one
wQ88s_TUi0I-01022-00321346-00321753 of the most important things that we can do in this sector,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01023-00321753-00322173 in terms of providing a greater focus on outcomes
wQ88s_TUi0I-01024-00322173-00322524 and on quality, in terms of making sure that families
wQ88s_TUi0I-01025-00322524-00322823 and students are well-equipped to make good decisions.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01026-00322823-00323161 And that's just something that we know to be true.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01027-00323161-00323379 I think we can probably fund research
wQ88s_TUi0I-01028-00323379-00323756 to better calibrate our loan counseling tools, but we don't,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01029-00323756-00324139 as approach see any harm in trying
wQ88s_TUi0I-01030-00324139-00324497 to provide students better and more targeted assistance
wQ88s_TUi0I-01031-00324497-00324851 and help in understanding the options available to them.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01032-00324851-00325404 [ Pause ]
wQ88s_TUi0I-01033-00325404-00325512 >> To meet the President's goal
wQ88s_TUi0I-01034-00325512-00325795 for degree attainment the higher education must engage more
wQ88s_TUi0I-01035-00325795-00326068 nontraditional adult and part time students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01036-00326068-00326118 >> Yes.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01037-00326118-00326241 >> The federal policy seems
wQ88s_TUi0I-01038-00326241-00326455 to be shifting towards tying federal aid
wQ88s_TUi0I-01039-00326455-00326711 to shorter times to degree completion.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01040-00326711-00326931 How can these two imperatives be reconciled
wQ88s_TUi0I-01041-00326931-00327122 at the national policy level?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01042-00327122-00327430 >> That's a good question.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01043-00327430-00327924 You know, I think we have to acknowledge that, you know,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01044-00327924-00328319 four years is no longer a traditional trajectory
wQ88s_TUi0I-01045-00328319-00328501 for college attainment, right?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01046-00328501-00328893 I mean, I think we have that reality, you know,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01047-00328893-00329403 across our even traditional four-year public colleges
wQ88s_TUi0I-01048-00329403-00329734 and universities, that is certainly the case,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01049-00329734-00330338 if not more so at our community colleges where you have,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01050-00330338-00330556 you know-- and increasingly at our public four years
wQ88s_TUi0I-01051-00330556-00330757 where we have more students
wQ88s_TUi0I-01052-00330757-00331015 that are working while they're pursuing their studies,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01053-00331015-00331421 more adults that are returning to pursue their studies
wQ88s_TUi0I-01054-00331421-00331681 and balancing work and family.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01055-00331681-00332190 And we know that we can't reach the President's charge to us
wQ88s_TUi0I-01056-00332190-00332646 around 2020, if we don't do more to help adult
wQ88s_TUi0I-01057-00332646-00332842 to be successful in the system.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01058-00332842-00333144 So, you know, we have to keep that in mind
wQ88s_TUi0I-01059-00333144-00333672 as we're shaping policies and moving things forward.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01060-00333672-00333954 One example is to think about what we can do
wQ88s_TUi0I-01061-00333954-00334442 to support perhaps some changes or modifications
wQ88s_TUi0I-01062-00334442-00334747 to the program particularly for adult students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01063-00334747-00335198 Right, and I think we've seen some innovative research coming
wQ88s_TUi0I-01064-00335198-00335592 out of Louisiana, you know,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01065-00335592-00336230 looking at performance-based awards for degree attainment
wQ88s_TUi0I-01066-00336230-00336555 that aren't necessarily pegged to this specific timeframe
wQ88s_TUi0I-01067-00336555-00337092 but where awards are allocated based on the amount of credit
wQ88s_TUi0I-01068-00337092-00337708 that individual cruse almost as a reward or support
wQ88s_TUi0I-01069-00337708-00337915 as they pursue their studies increasing
wQ88s_TUi0I-01070-00337915-00338273 and focusing on persistence.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01071-00338273-00338534 You know, I also think there are other interventions,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01072-00338534-00338977 smaller learning communities and cohorts of students moving
wQ88s_TUi0I-01073-00338977-00339262 through together particularly for our adult students
wQ88s_TUi0I-01074-00339262-00339593 and our nontraditional students so to speak that we found
wQ88s_TUi0I-01075-00339593-00340071 to be-- that research is found to be successful.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01076-00340071-00340442 So I think we near myriad strategies there to be able
wQ88s_TUi0I-01077-00340442-00340823 to support our adult students and certainly we don't want
wQ88s_TUi0I-01078-00340823-00341611 to have one size fits all policy when it comes to making sure
wQ88s_TUi0I-01079-00341611-00341826 that our students are successful, we have to take them
wQ88s_TUi0I-01080-00341826-00342122 into mind those populations.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01081-00342122-00342473 >> This one is going to be--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01082-00342473-00342701 I think this might be from a professor.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01083-00342701-00342823 [ Laughter ]
wQ88s_TUi0I-01084-00342823-00342915 Sort of--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01085-00342915-00343274 >> 'Cause it deals with massive open online courses.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01086-00343274-00343343 >> OK.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01087-00343343-00343560 >> Did-- kind of been viewed as a way
wQ88s_TUi0I-01088-00343560-00343852 to increase access at low cost.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01089-00343852-00344236 But how do we insure quality?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01090-00344236-00344538 And what does the administration's role
wQ88s_TUi0I-01091-00344538-00344826 or what is the administration think of the role
wQ88s_TUi0I-01092-00344826-00345403 of massive open online courses in higher education?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01093-00345403-00345693 >> You know, we believe that technology can be a real driver
wQ88s_TUi0I-01094-00345693-00345969 for innovation in higher education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01095-00345969-00346241 When it comes to massive online courses,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01096-00346241-00346831 massive open online courses or books we believe that we have
wQ88s_TUi0I-01097-00346831-00347295 to do more to scale the types of assessments that are needed
wQ88s_TUi0I-01098-00347295-00347526 to know whether they work.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01099-00347526-00348063 You know, we don't yet have the series
wQ88s_TUi0I-01100-00348063-00348641 of performance-based assessments that enable us to know
wQ88s_TUi0I-01101-00348641-00348899 that students are progressing
wQ88s_TUi0I-01102-00348899-00349319 through a particular online module or MOOC
wQ88s_TUi0I-01103-00349319-00349462 that they'll be successful.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01104-00349462-00349820 And so, I think those assessments are currently being
wQ88s_TUi0I-01105-00349820-00350216 developed by a number of the various providers.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01106-00350216-00350610 We hope that-- and we believe we have a role at the federal level
wQ88s_TUi0I-01107-00350610-00351246 to help support greater assessment and greater tools
wQ88s_TUi0I-01108-00351246-00351747 that can be used as institutions of higher education
wQ88s_TUi0I-01109-00351747-00352075 and private individuals develop these MOOCs.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01110-00352075-00352584 So that we have a better sense of what's working in that space.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01111-00352584-00352944 I think we're still learning a great deal about what's working
wQ88s_TUi0I-01112-00352944-00353213 and what could work when it comes
wQ88s_TUi0I-01113-00353213-00353441 to online learning in higher education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01114-00353441-00353723 Our National Science Foundation is doing some studies
wQ88s_TUi0I-01115-00353723-00353907 of that work as well.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01116-00353907-00354117 So we're going to continue to learn from that.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01117-00354117-00354345 I'll say the one thing that I think is most exciting
wQ88s_TUi0I-01118-00354345-00354636 in this space is that once we're able
wQ88s_TUi0I-01119-00354636-00354951 to understand what adapted platforms
wQ88s_TUi0I-01120-00354951-00355371 and what online innovations are most successful
wQ88s_TUi0I-01121-00355371-00355805 with our learners we can apply that to the Science
wQ88s_TUi0I-01122-00355805-00356035 of Learning on College Campuses.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01123-00356035-00356362 And if we can help support a new conversation
wQ88s_TUi0I-01124-00356362-00356740 with our faculty members about how to use technology and embed
wQ88s_TUi0I-01125-00356740-00357032 that in a blended way in their course work
wQ88s_TUi0I-01126-00357032-00357518 that has the potential to reach a far greater number students
wQ88s_TUi0I-01127-00357518-00357813 than-- that are currently enrolled
wQ88s_TUi0I-01128-00357813-00357979 and currently pursuing their higher education
wQ88s_TUi0I-01129-00357979-00358149 than just relying on MOOCs
wQ88s_TUi0I-01130-00358149-00358573 as a substitute platform for higher ed.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01131-00358573-00358772 >> OK. There are two questions on this,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01132-00358772-00358963 I'm going to amalgamate them here for you.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01133-00358963-00359211 I'm also going to paraphrase because, one,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01134-00359211-00359415 it needs paraphrasing.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01135-00359550-00359792 So in essence why create a rating system rather
wQ88s_TUi0I-01136-00359792-00360078 than just provide public information?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01137-00360078-00360503 The other one says, another know before you know campaign,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01138-00360503-00360622 why is this administration
wQ88s_TUi0I-01139-00360622-00360997 so strongly focused on consumer choice?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01140-00360997-00361265 >> Well, you know, I'll take the last one first,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01141-00361265-00361800 which is that we believe that the pursuit of higher education
wQ88s_TUi0I-01142-00361800-00362237 for too many students is too opaque, honestly.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01143-00362237-00362646 We believe that, you know, we have not done enough
wQ88s_TUi0I-01144-00362646-00363278 to help support states in the process of, you know,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01145-00363278-00363699 defining standards and defining learning progressions
wQ88s_TUi0I-01146-00363699-00364001 that will help-- that are very clear, that are easy
wQ88s_TUi0I-01147-00364001-00364310 to understand for the public and that help,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01148-00364310-00364536 particularly young people graduating from high school,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01149-00364536-00364745 understand what it will take for them
wQ88s_TUi0I-01150-00364745-00364898 to get their college degree,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01151-00364898-00365208 understand the various pathways they have, you know,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01152-00365208-00365560 to reach their-- to reach a four-year degree for instance.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01153-00365560-00365782 That's not to say that we're not seeing innovation
wQ88s_TUi0I-01154-00365782-00365876 in that space, you know.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01155-00365876-00366150 We're starting to see, you know, states like Florida
wQ88s_TUi0I-01156-00366150-00366590 and other systems, you know, the Arizona system,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01157-00366590-00366741 for instance that's starting to look
wQ88s_TUi0I-01158-00366741-00367315 at defining learning outcomes and aligning that articulation
wQ88s_TUi0I-01159-00367315-00367475 between two-year and four-year colleges
wQ88s_TUi0I-01160-00367475-00367643 so that students are actually able
wQ88s_TUi0I-01161-00367643-00367928 to more seamlessly finish their associates degree,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01162-00367928-00368271 transfer to a four-year institution and finish
wQ88s_TUi0I-01163-00368271-00368612 that four-year degree in half the cost sometimes of students
wQ88s_TUi0I-01164-00368612-00368911 that might start out at that four-year institution.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01165-00368911-00369258 So, you know, that's just one example of a place
wQ88s_TUi0I-01166-00369258-00369474 where we don't have enough transparency
wQ88s_TUi0I-01167-00369474-00369746 for families and for students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01168-00369746-00369940 We collect a bunch of data, as I mentioned.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01169-00369940-00370263 We collect 15 different indicators.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01170-00370263-00370535 We don't provide that data in a really easy
wQ88s_TUi0I-01171-00370535-00370884 to understand reliable format for parents or for families.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01172-00370884-00371163 So if you think about higher education as one
wQ88s_TUi0I-01173-00371163-00371342 of the most important investments you can make
wQ88s_TUi0I-01174-00371342-00371633 as a family, you're sitting around the college table
wQ88s_TUi0I-01175-00371633-00371865 or you're sitting around the kitchen table.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01176-00371865-00372344 And thinking about choosing a college, you want to be able
wQ88s_TUi0I-01177-00372344-00372605 to have that data just as you would if were buying a home
wQ88s_TUi0I-01178-00372605-00372913 and you'd be able to go on homes database and be able to print
wQ88s_TUi0I-01179-00372913-00373183 out a comparable format to at least know it's not going
wQ88s_TUi0I-01180-00373183-00373601 to tell you everything about those particular options but it
wQ88s_TUi0I-01181-00373601-00374005 at least provides a level of comparable data.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01182-00374005-00374150 We believe that's needed.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01183-00374150-00374339 And that's why we're so focused
wQ88s_TUi0I-01184-00374339-00374734 on providing consumers information.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01185-00374734-00375048 Now, you know, that's not all we need to do, right.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01186-00375048-00375262 That is not where this conversation needs
wQ88s_TUi0I-01187-00375262-00375361 to begin in that.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01188-00375361-00375684 We have a lot more to do to support affordability
wQ88s_TUi0I-01189-00375684-00376124 and innovation to actually make sure that that translates
wQ88s_TUi0I-01190-00376124-00376402 into opportunity for students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01191-00376402-00376787 I forgot the first part of your question, I'm so sorry.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01192-00376787-00376982 >> That's OK, I think that covered most of that--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01193-00376982-00377004 >> OK.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01194-00377004-00377195 >> -- couple of [inaudible].
wQ88s_TUi0I-01195-00377195-00377410 >> So, Australia, New Zealand
wQ88s_TUi0I-01196-00377410-00377782 and the United Kingdom have income-based loan repayment
wQ88s_TUi0I-01197-00377782-00378105 programs for all students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01198-00378105-00378138 Yeah.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01199-00378138-00378395 >> US limits these options to the lowest income borrowers,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01200-00378395-00378704 why not expand this option for everyone?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01201-00378704-00378836 >> Well, I think it's a good question
wQ88s_TUi0I-01202-00378836-00379042 and a good issue for us to look at.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01203-00379042-00379366 You know, we are focused right now on our low income borrowers
wQ88s_TUi0I-01204-00379366-00379730 because we have only a fraction of--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01205-00379730-00379991 we believe we have captured only a fraction of the students
wQ88s_TUi0I-01206-00379991-00380283 who most need and could most benefit
wQ88s_TUi0I-01207-00380283-00380465 from income-based repayment.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01208-00380465-00380770 And that's why I mentioned we are starting to target some
wQ88s_TUi0I-01209-00380770-00381158 of our subsets of borrowers who we know might need the most help
wQ88s_TUi0I-01210-00381158-00381285 and could really benefit from IBR.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01211-00381285-00381502 But, ultimately, I think it's a good question,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01212-00381502-00381709 a good debate for us to have.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01213-00381709-00381965 And something good for Congress to consider in terms
wQ88s_TUi0I-01214-00381965-00382508 of whether we can expand IBR more actively to more students
wQ88s_TUi0I-01215-00382508-00382858 and ultimately tell the students across the country.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01216-00382858-00383097 You know, we're not there yet, that's an expensive proposition
wQ88s_TUi0I-01217-00383097-00383305 as well so it's something that we would really have
wQ88s_TUi0I-01218-00383305-00383640 to have the funding to be able to support.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01219-00383640-00383955 But, you know, it's something that we are--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01220-00383955-00384178 that we're eager to talk more about
wQ88s_TUi0I-01221-00384178-00384462 and to explore in Congress.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01222-00384462-00384749 >> So here's a question from Twitter about loan repayment.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01223-00384749-00384949 It says, loan repayment is complex
wQ88s_TUi0I-01224-00384949-00385097 and do you anticipate a partnership
wQ88s_TUi0I-01225-00385097-00385359 between the Department of Education and Treasury
wQ88s_TUi0I-01226-00385359-00385769 so repayment can go to the tax system?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01227-00385769-00386148 >> Yes, I mean, I do think we are going to try
wQ88s_TUi0I-01228-00386148-00386475 to do more to support this.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01229-00386475-00386748 We are, you know, we've been able
wQ88s_TUi0I-01230-00386748-00387308 to fortunately really forge a strong partnership
wQ88s_TUi0I-01231-00387308-00387662 on the income-based repayment front as well
wQ88s_TUi0I-01232-00387662-00388058 as on the passive front with our friends at Treasury to be able
wQ88s_TUi0I-01233-00388058-00388670 to import tax information in a more seamless way,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01234-00388670-00388995 so that individuals are better able
wQ88s_TUi0I-01235-00388995-00389326 to know whether they qualify for benefits.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01236-00389326-00389656 You know, we think we should try to do more of that and try
wQ88s_TUi0I-01237-00389656-00389857 to do more of that experimentation with respect
wQ88s_TUi0I-01238-00389857-00390176 to loan repayment as well.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01239-00390176-00390550 And you know, I think we're not quite there yet.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01240-00390550-00390944 But you know, I think we're beginning to have conversations
wQ88s_TUi0I-01241-00390944-00391302 that haven't been had before between our Department
wQ88s_TUi0I-01242-00391302-00391508 of Education and the Department of Treasury
wQ88s_TUi0I-01243-00391508-00391719 to explore the possibilities there.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01244-00391719-00392016 >> This is from Twitter too.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01245-00392016-00392177 I think their first sentence is written
wQ88s_TUi0I-01246-00392177-00392389 into some sort of Twitter language.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01247-00392389-00392493 So if I read it--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01248-00392493-00392879 >> Are there a lot hashtags?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01249-00392879-00393111 >> Yeah. 21.18 percent cohort default rates
wQ88s_TUi0I-01250-00393111-00393323 and some for profit schools.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01251-00393323-00393495 I don't know if that's a question or--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01252-00393495-00393762 but, at what point do we shut them down
wQ88s_TUi0I-01253-00393762-00393968 or cut them out of federal aid?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01254-00393968-00394227 >> Yes, I mean we believe we need to cut them
wQ88s_TUi0I-01255-00394227-00394466 out of some point of federal aid.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01256-00394466-00394653 You know, that is the whole premise behind again
wQ88s_TUi0I-01257-00394653-00394914 for employment regulation.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01258-00394914-00395192 And again, I can't speak to the details of that
wQ88s_TUi0I-01259-00395192-00395432 in terms of the thresholds.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01260-00395432-00395937 You know, we had a rule that we were very proud to promulgate
wQ88s_TUi0I-01261-00395937-00396185 as an administration on this.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01262-00396185-00396685 And you know, I think fortunately
wQ88s_TUi0I-01263-00396685-00397034 that rule would have not only had the effective of making sure
wQ88s_TUi0I-01264-00397034-00397436 that we were failing to provide the financial aid
wQ88s_TUi0I-01265-00397436-00397561 to the worse programs
wQ88s_TUi0I-01266-00397561-00397826 that clearly are bad actors of the sector.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01267-00397826-00398100 Because that level of default is just, you know,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01268-00398100-00398329 over 20 percent default rate.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01269-00398329-00398656 But-- and also I think potentially it has the effect
wQ88s_TUi0I-01270-00398656-00399048 of the broader sector of Career College programs improving
wQ88s_TUi0I-01271-00399048-00399260 their performance.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01272-00399260-00399794 And again, you know, federal regulation sometimes has this
wQ88s_TUi0I-01273-00399794-00400139 impact of if it's crafted in a thoughtful way
wQ88s_TUi0I-01274-00400139-00400404 of raising the bar and helping to improve the performance
wQ88s_TUi0I-01275-00400404-00400831 of other actors that may not be subject to the sanction.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01276-00400831-00401352 But that-- see that coming and know that there's a drive
wQ88s_TUi0I-01277-00401352-00401602 to get better and a need to do better.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01278-00401602-00402047 We believe that that's needed particularly in this sector
wQ88s_TUi0I-01279-00402047-00402326 for the very issue that I mentioned in my remarks
wQ88s_TUi0I-01280-00402326-00402815 so that the default rates are so high.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01281-00402815-00403158 >> So I'm encouraging colleges to cut cost.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01282-00403281-00403441 So one way that colleges will cut cost is
wQ88s_TUi0I-01283-00403441-00403819 to increase the share of faculty or part time low paid adjuncts?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01284-00403819-00404168 And this seems likely to erode quality.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01285-00404168-00404586 How will the emphasis on affordability prevent colleges
wQ88s_TUi0I-01286-00404586-00404898 from cutting waiver cost at the potential?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01287-00404898-00405099 So will it-- will this--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01288-00405099-00405334 encouraging them to maybe
wQ88s_TUi0I-01289-00405334-00405693 to hire more part time faculty possibly erode teaching quality
wQ88s_TUi0I-01290-00405693-00405947 and have an adverse effect from what you're going for?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01291-00405947-00406206 >> Well, you know, I think this is similar to one
wQ88s_TUi0I-01292-00406206-00406427 of the earlier questions as well, which is that we need
wQ88s_TUi0I-01293-00406427-00406762 to keep our eye on quality here.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01294-00406762-00407230 And this can't be a tradeoff in the name of affordability
wQ88s_TUi0I-01295-00407230-00407512 that compromises the quality of instruction
wQ88s_TUi0I-01296-00407512-00407691 or education at our institutions.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01297-00407691-00407792 And it's a challenge.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01298-00407792-00407988 I mean it's really on a-- I'll be honest, you know,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01299-00407988-00408166 I mean making sure that we are--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01300-00408166-00408507 we have the right measures to know
wQ88s_TUi0I-01301-00408507-00408817 that our students are receiving a high quality education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01302-00408817-00409066 You know, we have our outcome data post graduation,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01303-00409066-00409255 that's the best and most reliable thing
wQ88s_TUi0I-01304-00409255-00409504 that we can look toward right now.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01305-00409504-00409825 But, you know, we know that there are tremendous benefits
wQ88s_TUi0I-01306-00409825-00410163 to a great higher education including the great liberal arts
wQ88s_TUi0I-01307-00410163-00410374 education that I received here.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01308-00410374-00410801 So, you know, we don't want to curtail that.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01309-00410801-00411122 And, you know, we need to keep an eye on making sure
wQ88s_TUi0I-01310-00411122-00411533 that we have good labor practices
wQ88s_TUi0I-01311-00411533-00411730 across our education sector, that's something
wQ88s_TUi0I-01312-00411730-00412014 that this President is very focused on
wQ88s_TUi0I-01313-00412014-00412385 and very supportive of.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01314-00412385-00412770 >> I believe the percentage of low income students attending
wQ88s_TUi0I-01315-00412770-00413039 to college would and should be much higher
wQ88s_TUi0I-01316-00413039-00413210 than it currently is.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01317-00413210-00413450 However, how do you convince colleges
wQ88s_TUi0I-01318-00413450-00413807 from a business standpoint that creating programs
wQ88s_TUi0I-01319-00413807-00414096 to recruit these students is a good idea
wQ88s_TUi0I-01320-00414096-00414299 as low income students would be bringing
wQ88s_TUi0I-01321-00414299-00414467 in less money to the school?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01322-00414467-00414622 And they need more aid in the form
wQ88s_TUi0I-01323-00414622-00414885 of institutional grants and loans?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01324-00414885-00415145 >> That's a great question.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01325-00415272-00415750 You know, it gets to the premise of shared responsibility here.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01326-00415750-00415967 And it's not just around recruitment, it's actually
wQ88s_TUi0I-01327-00415967-00416218 around enrollment and completion.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01328-00416218-00416516 You know, because we have actually some really good
wQ88s_TUi0I-01329-00416516-00416688 recruitment programs and practices
wQ88s_TUi0I-01330-00416688-00416951 across our institutions, particular in a number
wQ88s_TUi0I-01331-00416951-00417272 of our selective institutions including the University
wQ88s_TUi0I-01332-00417272-00417485 of Michigan does a fine job
wQ88s_TUi0I-01333-00417485-00417881 of recruiting our low income students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01334-00417881-00417987 You know, we also need
wQ88s_TUi0I-01335-00417987-00418322 to collectively share our best practice around making sure
wQ88s_TUi0I-01336-00418322-00418468 that we're retaining all the students
wQ88s_TUi0I-01337-00418468-00418637 and that they are completing
wQ88s_TUi0I-01338-00418637-00418899 at our institutions of higher education.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01339-00418899-00419133 And that is another area where we want
wQ88s_TUi0I-01340-00419133-00419304 to really invest an innovation
wQ88s_TUi0I-01341-00419304-00419674 and bring forth what's working well
wQ88s_TUi0I-01342-00419674-00419842 at our colleges and universities.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01343-00419842-00420297 It helps scale those types of practices at our institutions.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01344-00420297-00420560 But, you know, ultimately we believe that we need
wQ88s_TUi0I-01345-00420560-00420960 to have real commitments here from our institutions
wQ88s_TUi0I-01346-00420960-00421337 of higher education to take those students, you know,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01347-00421337-00421531 when you have real honest conversation.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01348-00421531-00421993 And again, I'm not really advancing new policies
wQ88s_TUi0I-01349-00421993-00422195 in the space today in this conversation.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01350-00422195-00422496 But I do believe we need a national conversation
wQ88s_TUi0I-01351-00422496-00422885 around admissions, you know, we need national conversation
wQ88s_TUi0I-01352-00422885-00423342 around retention, we need a discussion around those types
wQ88s_TUi0I-01353-00423342-00423639 of tradeoffs around packaging aid.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01354-00423639-00424037 And, you know, we have right now a situation
wQ88s_TUi0I-01355-00424037-00424408 where if an institution is well and out
wQ88s_TUi0I-01356-00424408-00424730 and it has a real commitment to the diversity,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01357-00424730-00425047 it has the ability and the will to be able
wQ88s_TUi0I-01358-00425047-00425385 to make more pathways available for more low income students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01359-00425385-00425764 Then others institutions sometimes do, you know.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01360-00425764-00425879 And then we have a question
wQ88s_TUi0I-01361-00425879-00426158 of public education for the public good.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01362-00426158-00426410 And public higher education for the public good,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01363-00426410-00426589 which is something that I think,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01364-00426589-00426872 and I hope we us a country have a conversation
wQ88s_TUi0I-01365-00426872-00427267 about in this higher education reauthorization because,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01366-00427267-00427645 the strength of our public colleges and universities is
wQ88s_TUi0I-01367-00427645-00427884 that it has to be able to serve all our individuals.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01368-00427884-00428138 And particularly be that pathway for our low income
wQ88s_TUi0I-01369-00428138-00428537 and first generation college course to be successful.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01370-00428537-00429043 So, you know, I don't have a perfect answer for that.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01371-00429043-00429567 But, you know, I think there is-- it's a question of will,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01372-00429567-00429929 both political will of the institution of its board
wQ88s_TUi0I-01373-00429929-00430320 of regions of its leadership of the state.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01374-00430320-00430825 And then it also means to implement programs
wQ88s_TUi0I-01375-00430825-00430992 and practices, both recruitment
wQ88s_TUi0I-01376-00430992-00431251 and retention that are successful.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01377-00431251-00431493 >> I think we have time for one more.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01378-00431493-00431747 How's the administration looking at the--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01379-00431747-00431988 into the quality of K-12 preparation
wQ88s_TUi0I-01380-00431988-00432339 in terms of college success?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01381-00432339-00432925 >> So, you know, we have forged ambitious agenda
wQ88s_TUi0I-01382-00432925-00433527 to really improve the quality of our elementary
wQ88s_TUi0I-01383-00433527-00433797 and secondary education system
wQ88s_TUi0I-01384-00433797-00433963 over the course of the first terms.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01385-00433963-00434272 This is another lecture which could be another couple hours.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01386-00434272-00434878 But, you know, ultimately we've really launched a new national
wQ88s_TUi0I-01387-00434878-00435325 effort to helps support state in a new partnership
wQ88s_TUi0I-01388-00435325-00435691 around racing standards, so that they actually prepare students
wQ88s_TUi0I-01389-00435691-00435950 for college and career level work.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01390-00435950-00436533 I don't think the public fully appreciates where we were
wQ88s_TUi0I-01391-00436533-00437029 with respect to college and career readiness as a system.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01392-00437029-00437508 We had standards that, you know, were defined by 50 states and,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01393-00437508-00438008 you know, curriculum, obviously, that's define by, you know,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01394-00438008-00438174 over 15,000 school board.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01395-00438174-00438454 So, we have a very desperate system.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01396-00438454-00438775 But we need-- if are to be successful
wQ88s_TUi0I-01397-00438775-00439071 in preparing our students for college, we need to begin
wQ88s_TUi0I-01398-00439071-00439388 with the expectation that they must graduate, each and everyone
wQ88s_TUi0I-01399-00439388-00439549 of them college ready.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01400-00439549-00439818 And that's college ready at a level of learning
wQ88s_TUi0I-01401-00439818-00440082 that prepares them for entrance into a four year college
wQ88s_TUi0I-01402-00440082-00440366 without the need for remediation.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01403-00440366-00440768 So, we had states that were setting standards,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01404-00440768-00441083 let's take seventh grade math for instance,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01405-00441083-00441579 at levels that were 70-- of mastery, levels of mastery
wQ88s_TUi0I-01406-00441579-00441914 that were 70 points below neighboring states.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01407-00441914-00442297 All right, that's over two grade levels worth of learning
wQ88s_TUi0I-01408-00442297-00442632 in terms of what's expected first students to be successful,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01409-00442632-00443010 just illustrative in middle school math.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01410-00443010-00443255 We are not going to be competitive as a country
wQ88s_TUi0I-01411-00443255-00443501 if we are having that level of variation
wQ88s_TUi0I-01412-00443501-00443937 and that a student zip code determines the level of mastery,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01413-00443937-00444368 at which here she is expected to attain.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01414-00444368-00444729 So, we have launched a raise to the top
wQ88s_TUi0I-01415-00444729-00445189 and we've supported a new reform and redesign
wQ88s_TUi0I-01416-00445189-00445601 of the No Child Left Behind Act with new flexibility agreements
wQ88s_TUi0I-01417-00445601-00445993 with our states, to be able to recalibrate these systems--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01418-00445993-00446278 these state systems to college and career readiness.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01419-00446278-00446588 And I think once we're able to really raise those expectations
wQ88s_TUi0I-01420-00446588-00446672 for all of our students.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01421-00446672-00447143 So, that they are competing in earnest with student
wQ88s_TUi0I-01422-00447143-00447489 across the globe rather than learning at a level that--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01423-00447489-00447858 of mastery that is really substandard.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01424-00447858-00448268 Only then will we really be able to get were we need to go
wQ88s_TUi0I-01425-00448268-00448603 with respective preparing all of our students for college.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01426-00448603-00448714 >> It's told we have time for one more.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01427-00448714-00448738 >> OK.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01428-00448738-00448927 >> So there's the last one here.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01429-00448927-00449172 In rating systems we'd like long run measure--
wQ88s_TUi0I-01430-00449172-00449450 we would like long run measures like earnings because we think
wQ88s_TUi0I-01431-00449450-00449772 that the short one measures might not accurately reflect the
wQ88s_TUi0I-01432-00449772-00449866 quality of the school.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01433-00449866-00450093 It doesn't look like we will have those
wQ88s_TUi0I-01434-00450093-00450299 in our rating system when it starts.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01435-00450299-00450671 How will the system get around something like that?
wQ88s_TUi0I-01436-00450671-00450897 >> Well, you know, I think we're going to need to look
wQ88s_TUi0I-01437-00450897-00451139 at the measures that are at our avail.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01438-00451139-00451649 I don't want to predetermine what specific metrics will be
wQ88s_TUi0I-01439-00451649-00451842 in the system nor how they will interact
wQ88s_TUi0I-01440-00451842-00452184 because that is something that is still under development,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01441-00452184-00452363 careful development by our administration.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01442-00452363-00452468 And it is something that we're going
wQ88s_TUi0I-01443-00452468-00452654 to be seeking public comment on
wQ88s_TUi0I-01444-00452654-00453275 and advice some technical experts about-- I will say that,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01445-00453275-00453755 you know, I think we need to look at as reliable data
wQ88s_TUi0I-01446-00453755-00454030 as we can find with respect to earnings
wQ88s_TUi0I-01447-00454030-00454397 and postgraduate outcomes.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01448-00454397-00455043 And we're hopeful that we will have some good long term data
wQ88s_TUi0I-01449-00455043-00455158 to be able to look at.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01450-00455158-00455421 I don't know whether it's going to be reliable and comparable
wQ88s_TUi0I-01451-00455421-00455614 across every institution.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01452-00455614-00456064 But we're going to keep our eye on that and, you know,
wQ88s_TUi0I-01453-00456064-00456307 we're going to look to the support and help of experts
wQ88s_TUi0I-01454-00456307-00456614 to grant how that might be calibrated
wQ88s_TUi0I-01455-00456614-00456759 into a broader system.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01456-00456759-00456947 >> Thank you very much.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01457-00456947-00457075 >> Thank you.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01458-00457075-00457251 >> Thank you Roberto.
wQ88s_TUi0I-01459-00457251-00457724 [ Applause ]
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00000-00000046-00000290 PETTY OFFICER DESIREE GONZALES HAS JUST SPENT A
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00001-00000290-00000513 WEEK GETTING TO KNOW SEVERAL OF HER PEERS FROM
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00002-00000513-00000643 AROUND THE SEVENTH FLEET.
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00003-00000690-00000914 EVERY SINGLE ONE OF THEM HAS TAUGHT ME SOMETHING
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00004-00000914-00001224 NEW THIS WEEK THAT I DEFINITELY WASN'T PREPARED
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00005-00001224-00001307 FOR.
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00006-00001307-00001511 IT WAS JUST A GREAT EXPERIENCE.
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00007-00001511-00001785 THAT EXPERIENCE WAS US SEVENTH FLEET'S SAILOR OF
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00008-00001785-00001948 THE YEAR COMPETITION.
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00009-00001948-00002182 SIX SAILORS CHOSEN BY THEIR COMMANDS FOR THEIR
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00010-00002182-00002415 LEADERSHIP AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS COMPETED
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00011-00002415-00002592 TO SEE WHO WOULD TAKE HOME THE TITLE,
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00012-00002592-00002846 BUT IT WASN'T ALL ABOUT THE COMPETITION.
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00013-00002846-00003126 FOR ME TO BE NOMINATED FOR SEVENTH FLEET SAILOR OF
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00014-00003126-00003436 THE YEAR HAS JUST BEEN AWEING.
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00015-00003436-00003576 IT HAS BEEN AMAZING.
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00016-00003576-00003817 WHEN YOU GET UP TO SEVENTH FLEET LEVEL,
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00017-00003817-00003950 IT'S JUST LIKE WOW.
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00018-00003950-00004154 THESE ARE THE PEOPLE THAT EVERYBODY THOUGHT WAS THE
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00019-00004154-00004344 BEST OUT OF THEIR COMMANDS TO REPRESENT.
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00020-00004381-00004647 ALTHOUGH GONZALES AND PARRISH BOTH WON,
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00021-00004647-00004891 THEY BELIEVE TIME SPENT WITH OTHER NOMINEES DURING
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00022-00004891-00005068 THE EVENT MEANT MORE THAN A TITLE.
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00023-00005068-00005378 GETTING TO BE EVEN JUDGED AGAINST THEM,
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00024-00005378-00005522 I THINK IS JUST A GREAT EXPERIENCE,
wQUgtKEJ7m8-00025-00005522-00005962 SO I WANT TO TELL THEM THANK YOU.
wRgojoGOJQU-00000-00000000-00000200 Exploring the Impacts of a Changing Climate on Public Health.
wS7tx_Pz0-Q-00000-00005312-00007872 stylish hair style for girls
wVLvduRnsP4-00000-00000425-00000963 How do filters remove particles from the air? It's tempting to think of air
wVLvduRnsP4-00001-00000963-00001355 filters as microscopically small versions of kitchen sieves, which block
wVLvduRnsP4-00002-00001355-00001785 large particles from getting through while letting small ones past. As we'll
wVLvduRnsP4-00003-00001785-00002301 see though, this picture is rather misleading. Many types of air filters are
wVLvduRnsP4-00004-00002301-00002826 made from tangled bundles of fine fibers. Together, these create narrow convoluted
wVLvduRnsP4-00005-00002826-00003230 pathways for the air to pass through them. For the really large particles,
wVLvduRnsP4-00006-00003230-00003596 these filters actually do behave a little bit like a kitchen sieve, by
wVLvduRnsP4-00007-00003596-00004037 physically blocking the particles from getting through. But this is pretty much
wVLvduRnsP4-00008-00004037-00004562 where comparisons with sieves end. To understand why, imagine for a
wVLvduRnsP4-00009-00004562-00005067 moment a car, speeding along a winding road. The car fits easily on the road, but
wVLvduRnsP4-00010-00005067-00005489 if it's going too fast, it won't be able to navigate the bends. And you just know
wVLvduRnsP4-00011-00005489-00005967 that, at some point, it's going to crash. It's the same for small particles
wVLvduRnsP4-00012-00005967-00006470 speeding through an air filter. As the air twists and turns, the particles can't
wVLvduRnsP4-00013-00006470-00006993 keep up. And ultimately they end up crashing out and being caught. Because of
wVLvduRnsP4-00014-00006993-00007359 their inertia, which just like the car depends on how massive they are and how
wVLvduRnsP4-00015-00007359-00007863 fast they're going, they can't stay the course. But what about the smallest,
wVLvduRnsP4-00016-00007863-00008318 lightest particles: those that can easily slip along the winding path the air
wVLvduRnsP4-00017-00008318-00008822 takes? Amazingly, these are also captured efficiently, but for a very different
wVLvduRnsP4-00018-00008822-00009384 reason. Because these particles are so small, they have very very little inertia,
wVLvduRnsP4-00019-00009384-00009765 and they dance around as they're bombarded by the air molecules around
wVLvduRnsP4-00020-00009765-00010229 them. This rather unusual behavior is called Brownian motion after the first
wVLvduRnsP4-00021-00010229-00010704 person to observe it. And as they dance, they end up colliding with the filter
wVLvduRnsP4-00022-00010704-00011149 and being captured. Ao at the end of the day, it's not the
wVLvduRnsP4-00023-00011149-00011494 smallest airborne particles that are hardest to filter out, but the
wVLvduRnsP4-00024-00011494-00011980 medium-sized ones; those that are too small to be captured through inertia, but
wVLvduRnsP4-00025-00011980-00012436 too large to be captured through Brownian motion. And this is why, when
wVLvduRnsP4-00026-00012436-00012844 manufacturers design and test air filters, they don't use the largest
wVLvduRnsP4-00027-00012844-00013261 particles or the smallest ones, but they use the middle sized ones: those
wVLvduRnsP4-00028-00013261-00013756 particles that are just the right size to slip through and make it to the other
wVLvduRnsP4-00029-00013756-00013983 side.
wW1sjiGEwI4-00000-00000016-00000216 [coin sound]
wW1sjiGEwI4-00002-00003906-00003956 I want die
wWybkl8mKxA-00000-00000071-00000558 Hi my name is Saw Dah, and this is the story of my journey.
wWybkl8mKxA-00001-00000558-00001090 Thailand is not my home country but I lived in the camp on the border.
wWybkl8mKxA-00002-00001090-00001492 My family ran away from the Burmese government just to be safe.
wWybkl8mKxA-00003-00001492-00001717 We lived in peace but there was no hope.
wWybkl8mKxA-00004-00001717-00002139 Not enough money to make in the camp and not enough education.
wWybkl8mKxA-00005-00002139-00002492 It was a black hole at night when you wanted to find the road.
wWybkl8mKxA-00006-00002492-00003048 We started packing things up to go to America where we could afford enough money and the
wWybkl8mKxA-00007-00003048-00003389 children could get more educated.
wWybkl8mKxA-00008-00003389-00003771 In America we would have hope and happiness.
wWybkl8mKxA-00009-00003771-00004339 I remember getting up on the truck full of people and crying, leaving family and loved
wWybkl8mKxA-00010-00004339-00004507 ones behind.
wWybkl8mKxA-00011-00004507-00004817 I came with my mom, dad and three older sisters.
wWybkl8mKxA-00012-00004817-00005314 I do not know what I left behind because I was young.
wWybkl8mKxA-00013-00005314-00005848 I remember the last time I hung out with my friends but I was ready for my new life in
wWybkl8mKxA-00014-00005848-00006010 America.
wWybkl8mKxA-00015-00006010-00006339 The road was muddy and hard on the way to Thailand.
wWybkl8mKxA-00016-00006339-00006664 In Thailand, we got new shirts, pants and shoes.
wWybkl8mKxA-00017-00006664-00006839 I felt fresh and rich.
wWybkl8mKxA-00018-00006839-00007409 We stayed in a hotel in Thailand for a night and the next morning it was time to go on
wWybkl8mKxA-00019-00007409-00007528 a plane.
wWybkl8mKxA-00020-00007528-00007780 My heart was racing fast.
wWybkl8mKxA-00021-00007780-00008134 I was so excited and felt like I was in heaven.
wWybkl8mKxA-00022-00008134-00008500 The plane was the worst part of my journey.
wWybkl8mKxA-00023-00008500-00009078 The sound of the plane was dizzying and I was so dizzy and I threw up on the way to
wWybkl8mKxA-00024-00009078-00009307 U.S.A.
wWybkl8mKxA-00025-00009307-00009811 Things changed, I still don’t miss Thailand that much for being a tiny community.
wWybkl8mKxA-00026-00009811-00010203 In Minnesota there is a lot of food and money.
wWybkl8mKxA-00027-00010203-00010471 I started my new life here in St.Paul.
wWybkl8mKxA-00028-00010471-00011158 Life in U.S.A. was hard at first but we got used to it and it was a good country to live
wWybkl8mKxA-00029-00011158-00011258 in.
wWybkl8mKxA-00030-00011258-00011781 Going to school for the first day was fun, but I did not understand what other kids were
wWybkl8mKxA-00031-00011781-00011893 talking about.
wWybkl8mKxA-00032-00011893-00012342 I felt stupid and embarrassed when I didn’t know how to speak English.
wWybkl8mKxA-00033-00012342-00012575 I got a good lunch and loved the school.
wWybkl8mKxA-00034-00012575-00013044 Years went by I had to move to four different schools.
wWybkl8mKxA-00035-00013044-00013204 I have been doing a lot of things.
wWybkl8mKxA-00036-00013204-00013507 The city was bright and the road was wide and clear.
wWybkl8mKxA-00037-00013507-00014252 Living in St. Paul is hard, the weather is cold and very hot in different months.
wWybkl8mKxA-00038-00014252-00014779 I had to go through all those years just to get to used to my new life.
wWybkl8mKxA-00039-00014779-00015262 I always had to go to appointments to get checked.
wWybkl8mKxA-00040-00015262-00015533 Every clinic smells medicinal.
wWybkl8mKxA-00041-00015533-00015794 Years went by I get used to this new stuff.
wWybkl8mKxA-00042-00015794-00016322 I enjoy living in U.S.A. and hope to have success in the future.
wWF_ppPvh8E-00000-00000000-00000200 GTA 5 High Quality UHD Live Wallpaper #4
wYeOcvwWcPI-00000-00001728-00001928 I`m forte
wYeOcvwWcPI-00001-00002266-00002570 If you are a pianist
wYeOcvwWcPI-00002-00002582-00002810 How good you are in an hour
wYeOcvwWcPI-00003-00002970-00003342 Compressed practice from the first look
wYeOcvwWcPI-00004-00003688-00004072 Click here for songs to play today
wYeOcvwWcPI-00005-00005110-00005392 A bee that goes by this flower
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wYeOcvwWcPI-00007-00006004-00006204 First look time
wYeOcvwWcPI-00008-00006738-00007156 1 hour to play the piano
wc3fqZQwtHM-00000-00000000-00000225 Carol Bult: Okay so in this last session we’re going
wc3fqZQwtHM-00001-00000225-00000855 to talk about increasing diversity among patient populations and care systems.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00002-00000855-00001571 And I’d like to introduce the members of this panel, panel six, and if you guys would
wc3fqZQwtHM-00003-00001571-00001700 raise your hand.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00004-00001700-00002435 So we have Cynthia Powell, Vence Bonham, and Craig Hanis, in addition to myself.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00005-00002435-00003234 So I’m going to present the slide deck but the slide deck was a cooperative effort among
wc3fqZQwtHM-00006-00003234-00003367 all the panel members.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00007-00003367-00003778 And so I’m going to walk through some of the main concepts represented in the slide
wc3fqZQwtHM-00008-00003778-00004387 deck, but then I’m going to ask for the panel members, actually, to weigh in, and
wc3fqZQwtHM-00009-00004387-00004895 perhaps elaborate on some of the principles that are illustrated here.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00010-00004895-00005720 So when I first thought about this concept I really was focusing on the patient population.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00011-00005720-00006371 So how to get patient more diversity in say clinical trials, and that was my focus.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00012-00006371-00006917 But as soon as I submitted the draft slide deck around it was clear that in the end of
wc3fqZQwtHM-00013-00006917-00007611 the day the topic of diversity and the importance of diversity is not just in the patients that
wc3fqZQwtHM-00014-00007611-00008300 are accrued to clinical trials, it’s diversity throughout the entire spectrum of healthcare
wc3fqZQwtHM-00015-00008300-00008485 and healthcare research.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00016-00008485-00009032 And so this ends up being [laughs] kind of a comprehensive discussion represented in
wc3fqZQwtHM-00017-00009032-00009247 this slide deck.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00018-00009247-00009675 And I think, you know, when it comes to genomic medicine to me there are two main issues that
wc3fqZQwtHM-00019-00009675-00010052 really are at the heart of what we’re going to talk about.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00020-00010052-00010728 One is that if we really want to get a handle on all of the diversity, or all the relevant
wc3fqZQwtHM-00021-00010728-00010828 diversity.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00022-00010828-00011461 In the human population diversity of the patient populations used to define what that landscape
wc3fqZQwtHM-00023-00011461-00011979 of diversity is in the human population isn’t -- is incredibly important.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00024-00011979-00012663 And it’s essential for translating that information into something that can be brought
wc3fqZQwtHM-00025-00012663-00012911 into clinical practice.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00026-00012911-00013641 So we all know some of the main points here -- gender and ethnicity are important factors
wc3fqZQwtHM-00027-00013641-00014020 in disease presentation and treatment.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00028-00014020-00014676 The safety and efficacy of medicines require data from clinical trials with participants
wc3fqZQwtHM-00029-00014676-00014922 that represent the full spectrum of genetic diversity.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00030-00014922-00015529 And I think this is one of the real challenges that we’re facing in genomic medicine is
wc3fqZQwtHM-00031-00015529-00016084 getting to that point where we have that representation of the full spectrum of genetic diversity
wc3fqZQwtHM-00032-00016084-00016302 in human populations.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00033-00016302-00017062 And, you know, if you look at the trends by 2020 ethnic minorities will constitute about
wc3fqZQwtHM-00034-00017062-00017426 35 percent of the American population.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00035-00017426-00017991 And the last two points, the last two numbers there, where African Americans make up, currently,
wc3fqZQwtHM-00036-00017991-00018504 12 percent of the population but just 5 percent of clinical trial participants.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00037-00018504-00019004 And for Hispanics that make up 16 percent of our population but just 1 percent of clinical
wc3fqZQwtHM-00038-00019004-00019598 trial applicants, I think, really illustrates the gap and the gaps that we’re facing that
wc3fqZQwtHM-00039-00019598-00020051 are really important to fill if we’re going to have the impact that we want our science
wc3fqZQwtHM-00040-00020051-00020458 to have in genomic medicine.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00041-00020458-00021315 So when we were looking across the board at especially some of the NHGRI initiatives,
wc3fqZQwtHM-00042-00021315-00021922 or initiatives that NHGRI’s going to be important part of, such as precision medicine.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00043-00021922-00022755 A lot of the research programs that are in the portfolio right now do take into account,
wc3fqZQwtHM-00044-00022755-00023100 or are trying to address, some of these diversity questions.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00045-00023100-00023587 And, hopefully, in the discussion representatives of some of these programs can share with us
wc3fqZQwtHM-00046-00023587-00023906 their efforts in increasing diversity.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00047-00023906-00024351 And also, how they’re addressing some of the barriers that we know that are being faced
wc3fqZQwtHM-00048-00024351-00024628 in doing so.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00049-00024628-00025243 But PAGE, Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology, certainly for that project
wc3fqZQwtHM-00050-00025243-00026041 to have the impact scientifically that it needs to have, has to have, representation
wc3fqZQwtHM-00051-00026041-00026727 from across the full spectrum of racial and ethnic diversity in the U.S.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00052-00026727-00027226 The interpretation of the results, returning genomic results, into electronic medical records
wc3fqZQwtHM-00053-00027226-00027743 all of these things there are diversity aspects to.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00054-00027743-00028462 And especially precision medicine which I think represents one of the true opportunities
wc3fqZQwtHM-00055-00028462-00028963 that we have going forward to help improve representation.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00056-00028963-00029488 Barriers and Opportunities.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00057-00029488-00030052 The barriers kind of outweigh some of the opportunities, at least in numbers, at the
wc3fqZQwtHM-00058-00030052-00030218 moment.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00059-00030218-00031054 But a lot of these are very difficult to address and aren’t really necessarily scientifically
wc3fqZQwtHM-00060-00031054-00031154 easy to address.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00061-00031154-00031810 So a lot of these have to do with culture and society and a few of them here are the
wc3fqZQwtHM-00062-00031810-00032287 influence of genomics data on concepts of race and ethnicity.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00063-00032287-00032944 Already a very difficult subject to talk about in normal day-to-day conversation, but even
wc3fqZQwtHM-00064-00032944-00033338 more difficult when you think about what it means for medical practice.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00065-00033338-00033791 Physician attitudes and beliefs about race, health, and genetics and how those influence
wc3fqZQwtHM-00066-00033791-00034343 how information is interpreted and then translated into practice.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00067-00034343-00034963 There is a history, unfortunately, of -- that serves as a basis for mistrust of research
wc3fqZQwtHM-00068-00034963-00035191 motives among minority communities.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00069-00035191-00036106 And overcoming that history is not an insurmountable barrier but it certainly is one.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00070-00036106-00036697 And part of that mistrust comes from the fact that there is often little visible return
wc3fqZQwtHM-00071-00036697-00037180 to the community for their participation in these research efforts.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00072-00037180-00037900 And I think important lack of continuity into the future when people do participate in research
wc3fqZQwtHM-00073-00037900-00038127 trials.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00074-00038127-00038737 Lack of involvement of minority investigators and physicians, community stakeholders, language
wc3fqZQwtHM-00075-00038737-00039341 barriers; just general awareness of clinical trials and research opportunities.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00076-00039341-00039884 Time, because it does take a tremendous amount of time to participate in these things, on
wc3fqZQwtHM-00077-00039884-00040254 both the patient’s part and the physician’s part.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00078-00040254-00040903 And we all are aware in our own research lives the bandwidth issues and these are true when
wc3fqZQwtHM-00079-00040903-00041483 we’re trying to tackle the issue of diversity as well.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00080-00041483-00042149 I think one of the aspects, one of the barriers that came out -- has come out several times
wc3fqZQwtHM-00081-00042149-00042711 in a number of studies, including the impact study, which I’ll point to next, is the
wc3fqZQwtHM-00082-00042711-00043040 lack of access to clinical research coordinators.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00083-00043040-00043855 So really, engaging communities in research trials and keeping them involved really requires
wc3fqZQwtHM-00084-00043855-00044128 active participation by these research coordinators.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00085-00044128-00044674 They’re often essential for maintaining that sort of day-to-day contact.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00086-00044674-00045238 And if they aren’t available, again, probably more because of financial issues than anything
wc3fqZQwtHM-00087-00045238-00045941 else it is certainly one of the things that I think impacts the fact that we don’t have
wc3fqZQwtHM-00088-00045941-00046391 the diversity represented in these populations that we would like.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00089-00046391-00046787 You know one of the earlier slides showed, you know, the patient with all -- like the
wc3fqZQwtHM-00090-00046787-00047125 fit bits and the sensors and all of that kind of stuff.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00091-00047125-00047802 You know and I think, you know, access to technology that kind of technology you -- I
wc3fqZQwtHM-00092-00047802-00047975 don’t own a fit bit.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00093-00047975-00048602 But, you know, those kinds of things, I think, are actually going to become even bigger barriers,
wc3fqZQwtHM-00094-00048602-00048749 that kind of stuff.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00095-00048749-00048849 High-speed internet.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00096-00048849-00049391 So I live in Maine, which doesn’t have a lot of racial or ethnic diversity, but certain
wc3fqZQwtHM-00097-00049391-00049752 socio-economic diversity is key in Maine.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00098-00049752-00050350 And rural geographic distribution of patient populations where there isn’t a whole lot
wc3fqZQwtHM-00099-00050350-00050969 of high-speed internet in Aroostook County where moose outnumber routers.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00100-00050969-00051422 So I think these kinds of things have to be taken into account.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00101-00051422-00051591 Geography and transportation.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00102-00051591-00052155 So the proximity to medical and research centers is another big barrier to increasing diversity
wc3fqZQwtHM-00103-00052155-00052499 among patient populations and care systems.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00104-00052499-00052664 Whoops.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00105-00052664-00052792 And this is the impact study.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00106-00052792-00053414 So this was 2008 and I was really intrigued that many of these issues that were identified
wc3fqZQwtHM-00107-00053414-00054029 as barriers in terms of increasing minority participation and awareness in clinical trials,
wc3fqZQwtHM-00108-00054029-00055191 even in 2008, are still probably some of the main barriers that are being faced today.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00109-00055191-00055501 So recruitment of minorities.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00110-00055501-00056057 What are some of the recommendations that the panel members came up with and they’re
wc3fqZQwtHM-00111-00056057-00056234 illustrated here.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00112-00056234-00056749 One is forming consultant groups for both researchers and physicians, so an outreach
wc3fqZQwtHM-00113-00056749-00056973 education efforts.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00114-00056973-00057569 That is certainly something that NHGRI has done and could continue to contribute to.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00115-00057569-00058104 Recruiters who are culturally adept and fluent in the language.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00116-00058104-00058654 Community assessment because I think there’s not like one barrier that could be common
wc3fqZQwtHM-00117-00058654-00058824 to all communities.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00118-00058824-00059351 Like each community’s going to have unique barriers that have to be addressed and overcome.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00119-00059351-00059867 And I think that kind of assessment has to be done for each case.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00120-00059867-00060282 And awareness of population beliefs.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00121-00060282-00060773 The involvement of the community with advisory boards and local consultants.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00122-00060773-00061695 Kind of a partnership model to engage, educate, work with different communities, you know,
wc3fqZQwtHM-00123-00061695-00061857 to bridge some of these gaps.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00124-00061857-00062359 These are some the recommendations of the panel and I’m sure individual panel members
wc3fqZQwtHM-00125-00062359-00063110 will want to comment specifically on some of these bulleted points.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00126-00063110-00063652 For potential synergies, again, for addressing that -- the gap there are a number.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00127-00063652-00064388 So, obviously, there’s a number of projects in the NHR -- NHGRI portfolio where these
wc3fqZQwtHM-00128-00064388-00064936 gaps and these opportunities, gaps could be identified and opportunities for addressing
wc3fqZQwtHM-00129-00064936-00065052 those gaps.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00130-00065052-00065604 Vence wanted me to make sure that I mentioned the Precision Medicine Initiative and the
wc3fqZQwtHM-00131-00065604-00065832 fact that there is an RFI out now.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00132-00065832-00066622 It’s still active you can still contribute to that RFI on the Precision Medicine cohort.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00133-00066622-00067235 And I think that is one of the opportunities here that we have as a community to think
wc3fqZQwtHM-00134-00067235-00067817 about and have input on, addressing gaps in diversity.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00135-00067817-00068463 That Precision Medicine Initiative, I think, is an important one, important opportunity
wc3fqZQwtHM-00136-00068463-00068872 for dealing with some of these things that we know are problems.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00137-00068872-00069344 There is an NIH Common Fund we -- that was -- NIH Common Fund and its role in some of
wc3fqZQwtHM-00138-00069344-00069870 these big community, sort of, initiatives and problems was mentioned last time.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00139-00069870-00070350 And there is, actually, an NIH Common Fund Project for enhancing diversity in the NIH
wc3fqZQwtHM-00140-00070350-00070907 Funded Workforce, which is not specifically about getting patients into these clinical
wc3fqZQwtHM-00141-00070907-00071007 trials.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00142-00071007-00071444 But it is addressing the issue of what the community of research and healthcare looks
wc3fqZQwtHM-00143-00071444-00072263 like as one of the ways that we can have inroads into outreach to specific patient populations,
wc3fqZQwtHM-00144-00072263-00072881 and having them be more involved in the clinical trials that are active now.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00145-00072881-00073335 And there’s a lot of non-NIH initiatives, a lot of community initiatives.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00146-00073335-00073877 Just a few of them are listed here that are trying, again, to address these issues.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00147-00073877-00074360 And I don’t know how coordinated some of these efforts are but there’s an awful lot
wc3fqZQwtHM-00148-00074360-00074529 of them going on.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00149-00074529-00075420 And I don’t know maybe there might be opportunities for more synergism among them.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00150-00075420-00075788 Training opportunities and addressing the lack of diversity.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00151-00075788-00076688 Again, this is -- this is an area that NHGRI has played a leadership role in for many years
wc3fqZQwtHM-00152-00076688-00076861 and NIGMS as well.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00153-00076861-00077563 And there are many, many reports with recommendations for how to deal with this.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00154-00077563-00078505 Many programs have come out of this for training at all levels of education spectrum we just
wc3fqZQwtHM-00155-00078505-00078743 can’t stop basically.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00156-00078743-00079154 These things have to be continued, monitored.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00157-00079154-00079848 And we need to make sure that we keep on top of this so that we can improve the number
wc3fqZQwtHM-00158-00079848-00080595 of minorities, both in biomedical research, in medicine, and then use that as the basis
wc3fqZQwtHM-00159-00080595-00081143 for changing the face of the community for identifying and recruiting patients into these
wc3fqZQwtHM-00160-00081143-00081582 clinical trials.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00161-00081582-00081817 So recruitment of postdocs and faculties.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00162-00081817-00082441 So looking specifically at the part of the big effort in increasing diversity that relates
wc3fqZQwtHM-00163-00082441-00082943 specifically to, sort of, academia to postdocs and faculty.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00164-00082943-00083593 So some of the points that members of the panel made were the outreach to historically
wc3fqZQwtHM-00165-00083593-00083788 black colleges and universities.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00166-00083788-00084863 To use these collaborative relationships to leverage existing bodies within NIH, such
wc3fqZQwtHM-00167-00084863-00085311 as the Division of Minority Student Affairs.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00168-00085311-00085936 Looking at finding liaisons -- that personal contact is essential.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00169-00085936-00086686 And to look at existing programs as models for how to do this broadly across our academic
wc3fqZQwtHM-00170-00086686-00086872 institutions.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00171-00086872-00087413 And examples are given here in and I’m assuming all of these slides are going to be available
wc3fqZQwtHM-00172-00087413-00087854 to all of you after this meeting.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00173-00087854-00088726 So in retention, for the aspects of retention, so those are recommendations about how to
wc3fqZQwtHM-00174-00088726-00088903 recruit and get folks in.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00175-00088903-00089410 But then once they’re in they have to retain them in order for the impact to be real.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00176-00089410-00090153 And that involves having supportive environments, mentoring teams, minority members on faculty,
wc3fqZQwtHM-00177-00090153-00090663 hiring and mentoring teams meeting frequently, cultural sensitivity.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00178-00090663-00090988 All of these things are important and essential.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00179-00090988-00091717 And I’m not sure how widely in place they are across our institutions.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00180-00091717-00092407 And I think this came mostly from Cindy is some examples of some resources that people
wc3fqZQwtHM-00181-00092407-00093369 could turn to, to look for very specific information about supporting and encouraging diversity
wc3fqZQwtHM-00182-00093369-00093788 in research.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00183-00093788-00094814 So at the end we had a number of main points to convey to you about diversity.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00184-00094814-00095732 One is that just to reemphasize its importance of diversity for both discovery of the variance
wc3fqZQwtHM-00185-00095732-00096024 and understanding their health relevance.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00186-00096024-00096608 That there are many, many training initiatives underway at NIH to increase diversity in the
wc3fqZQwtHM-00187-00096608-00097125 biomedical workforce, and those need to be continued.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00188-00097125-00097761 That the barriers to increasing minority and ethnic diversity, both in things like clinical
wc3fqZQwtHM-00189-00097761-00098398 trials but also in research and in healthcare in general are quite diverse.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00190-00098398-00098958 And that we need to continue efforts at all levels of scientific inquiry, medical practice,
wc3fqZQwtHM-00191-00098958-00099519 and clinical trials in order to have some impact here.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00192-00099519-00100213 Now I think as mentioning it again, is that the new Precision Medicine Initiative provides
wc3fqZQwtHM-00193-00100213-00101188 kind of another opportunity here for us to really have an impact on the diversity gap.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00194-00101188-00101592 And there’s -- obviously we’re going to have to leverage a lot of efforts that are
wc3fqZQwtHM-00195-00101592-00101985 happening across NIH and also in the community in this area.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00196-00101985-00102567 And I don’t know logistically how that might be approached but I think it really has to
wc3fqZQwtHM-00197-00102567-00102667 be.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00198-00102667-00103260 One of the starting points is to go to that RFI for Precision Medicine on the cohort and
wc3fqZQwtHM-00199-00103260-00103934 register the need to be sure that the diversity of the American population is represented
wc3fqZQwtHM-00200-00103934-00104439 in the cohort that serves as the basis for this initiative.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00201-00104439-00105054 So in general I think the NHGRI program portfolio is quite comprehensive, and it covers everything
wc3fqZQwtHM-00202-00105054-00105496 from basic discovery of variance to functional characterization to clinical use.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00203-00105496-00106059 But we need to make sure that in all those programs, underlying all those programs, is
wc3fqZQwtHM-00204-00106059-00106904 an awareness of and deep attention to improving the representation of ethnic and racial minorities
wc3fqZQwtHM-00205-00106904-00107429 for both discovery and characterization.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00206-00107429-00108134 And before we go, then, to the discussion I just wanted to make sure that the panel
wc3fqZQwtHM-00207-00108134-00108652 members who contributed to these ideas had a chance to weigh in.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00208-00108652-00109082 So, Cindy, why don’t we start with you and then Vence and then Craig?
wc3fqZQwtHM-00209-00109082-00109503 Cynthia Powell: So I think, you know, part of it is our own
wc3fqZQwtHM-00210-00109503-00110123 demographics in our state and our patients and our perspective research subjects.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00211-00110123-00110545 But -- so there’s, you know, relatively little that one can do for that.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00212-00110545-00111361 But when I look at some of the projects that we’ve had and talking to some of my co-investigators
wc3fqZQwtHM-00213-00111361-00111653 on projects and how we did it.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00214-00111653-00112294 Like in one of our earlier newborn screening research studies that we did, I think the
wc3fqZQwtHM-00215-00112294-00113061 idea of, you know, the recruiters who are, you know, able to speak the appropriate language
wc3fqZQwtHM-00216-00113061-00113428 and so on has really been helpful.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00217-00113428-00114388 Our CTSA has funded a van, a medical-type equipped van that goes around the state so
wc3fqZQwtHM-00218-00114388-00114884 that, you know, it is a fairly large state and transportation is difficult for many families,
wc3fqZQwtHM-00219-00114884-00115236 so this is a way to overcome that.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00220-00115236-00116108 One group, part of our Center for Excellence in LC research, a project that they’ve been
wc3fqZQwtHM-00221-00116108-00116717 working on the last few years and they developed this community advisory group, a very ethnically
wc3fqZQwtHM-00222-00116717-00116886 diverse.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00223-00116886-00117583 And they really had input into setting up the actual study itself.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00224-00117583-00118646 Part of that came from the success of enrolling our students and fellows in the SEER.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00225-00118646-00119429 And, you know, I was struck and specifically I need to give thanks to Debra Skinner whose
wc3fqZQwtHM-00226-00119429-00119776 one of the investigators in that project.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00227-00119776-00120355 But Debra’s really gone out, you know, to colleges and formed relationships.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00228-00120355-00121024 I mean she really stressed the importance of one on one, you know, building these, you
wc3fqZQwtHM-00229-00121024-00121860 know, communication abilities to, you know, get -- find out whose good at various, you
wc3fqZQwtHM-00230-00121860-00122341 know, colleges, universities, medical schools, and trying to recruit them.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00231-00122341-00122963 And the importance of starting early so that, you know, if your -- if somebody’s already
wc3fqZQwtHM-00232-00122963-00123940 completing their PhD, you know, they may not, you know, know about opportunities in genetics
wc3fqZQwtHM-00233-00123940-00124040 training programs.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00234-00124040-00124288 And so just starting early.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00235-00124288-00124759 Speaking as a program director for medical genetics, I don’t think we do a very good
wc3fqZQwtHM-00236-00124759-00125358 job in this and I think we could all do better but it’s been a challenge.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00237-00125358-00125919 You know, some of the programs like the ACMG Summer Scholar Program and Jonathan had set
wc3fqZQwtHM-00238-00125919-00126094 up at our university.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00239-00126094-00126411 But, you know, certainly things like that are important.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00240-00126411-00127203 So funding undergraduate students and medical students for summer projects and, you know,
wc3fqZQwtHM-00241-00127203-00127390 getting them early.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00242-00127390-00128213 And also, you know, being one of the faculty in a genetic counseling training program I
wc3fqZQwtHM-00243-00128213-00128756 think there’s, you know, definitely a need to recruit more underrepresented minorities
wc3fqZQwtHM-00244-00128756-00129167 to our genetic counselor population.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00245-00129167-00129600 And so again, you know, starting early I think is very important.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00246-00129600-00130102 You know, even undergraduate high school age so --
wc3fqZQwtHM-00247-00130102-00130849 Vence Bonham: So I want to start by why is this important.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00248-00130849-00131297 Going really back to the question of why should we even be spending our energy and our time
wc3fqZQwtHM-00249-00131297-00131397 on this.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00250-00131397-00131902 And I think this group in this room knows it better than most that there is a scientific
wc3fqZQwtHM-00251-00131902-00132489 imperative that we have to have ancestrally diverse populations in our studies to do really
wc3fqZQwtHM-00252-00132489-00132649 good science.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00253-00132649-00133267 So there is a important scientific requirement to have that ancestral diversity.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00254-00133267-00133670 But then there’s the flipside of a health equity and a social justice issue for our
wc3fqZQwtHM-00255-00133670-00134149 country to make sure that all of our population has the ability to benefit.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00256-00134149-00134684 So as we think this through and what we’re doing and how within your projects and within
wc3fqZQwtHM-00257-00134684-00135141 your institutions, and how our institute is thinking about this, we really need to be
wc3fqZQwtHM-00258-00135141-00135328 thinking about both of those issues.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00259-00135328-00135858 But it’s primarily an issue that we must have strong science and to have the strong
wc3fqZQwtHM-00260-00135858-00136344 science we must have the ancestral diversity of the populations.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00261-00136344-00136564 And I think that’s a couple issues I want to highlight.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00262-00136564-00137148 One is there’s been a number of studies over the last few years about participation
wc3fqZQwtHM-00263-00137148-00137691 in clinical research, and underrepresented groups.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00264-00137691-00138332 And the historical issues of the U.S. Public Health Syphilis Study, commonly known as the
wc3fqZQwtHM-00265-00138332-00138596 Tuskegee Syphilis Study.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00266-00138596-00139469 And what we’ve learned is that people actually are not fearful of participating in research.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00267-00139469-00140002 People want to participate in research if they see it benefits themselves, their families,
wc3fqZQwtHM-00268-00140002-00140194 their communities.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00269-00140194-00140826 And so it’s really more this context of helping the public understand why to participate
wc3fqZQwtHM-00270-00140826-00141058 in research, and appropriately.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00271-00141058-00141734 And, again, that gets to the staff and the investigators involved of reaching those communities.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00272-00141734-00142355 So I think one of our challenges in our research, and research going forward, is studying these
wc3fqZQwtHM-00273-00142355-00142546 issues in different ways.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00274-00142546-00143215 Of how do we engage diverse communities, communities that have been left out of research, and new
wc3fqZQwtHM-00275-00143215-00143410 ways, and new models, and new strategies.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00276-00143410-00144005 And I think that’s a way -- area for real opportunity for research as we go forward.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00277-00144005-00144372 So I thank Carol for plugging the RFI.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00278-00144372-00144609 I’m going to plug it one last time.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00279-00144609-00144709 [laughter]
wc3fqZQwtHM-00280-00144709-00145127 And the actual closing date is on the -- on June -- Friday, June 18th.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00281-00145127-00145782 But I asked this community to respond to it because it’s asking both for strategies
wc3fqZQwtHM-00282-00145782-00146000 to engage diverse communities.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00283-00146000-00146441 And many of you have great experiences that you can talk about, or opportunities where
wc3fqZQwtHM-00284-00146441-00146900 new research is needed in that area to better understand to do that.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00285-00146900-00147388 And then it’s asking questions about what are the potential health disparities research
wc3fqZQwtHM-00286-00147388-00147862 science opportunities that a Precision Medicine Initiative could do.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00287-00147862-00148379 And your perspective, as scientists on the ground doing this work, I think will be so
wc3fqZQwtHM-00288-00148379-00148975 important to be part of the content that we’re able to share with the director.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00289-00148975-00149336 So I guess my first comment is there’s a scientific imperative that we have to have
wc3fqZQwtHM-00290-00149336-00149742 ancestrally diverse populations, and so we need to figure out how to do that.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00291-00149742-00150238 Second, there’s a social justice and equity from a perspective of our country and the
wc3fqZQwtHM-00292-00150238-00150397 health of all of our country.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00293-00150397-00150939 And third, people are willing to participate in research and your voices, I think, are
wc3fqZQwtHM-00294-00150939-00151520 extremely important to help our institute, help NIH and help our -- the broader policy
wc3fqZQwtHM-00295-00151520-00151879 issues of this, of making sure that that occurs.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00296-00151879-00152323 Craig Hanis: So I appreciate the opportunity.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00297-00152323-00152503 The -- just want to emphasize a couple of things.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00298-00152503-00152807 One is this notion of health disparities.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00299-00152807-00153228 It really exacerbates the whole problem that the clinical trial side shows.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00300-00153228-00153687 We are seeing a change in the epidemiology of a number of diseases that are unprecedented
wc3fqZQwtHM-00301-00153687-00154103 over the last 30 years, and it appears to be continuing in an unabated fashion.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00302-00154103-00154453 And so it’s back to the scientific imperative that if we’re going to understand these
wc3fqZQwtHM-00303-00154453-00154778 changes, we better be looking at the right populations.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00304-00154778-00155230 And the right populations is a diverse population and a diversity of populations.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00305-00155230-00155502 And so that’s going to become more and more of a challenge.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00306-00155502-00155978 It becomes a challenge in the context of genes; it comes as a challenge in the context of
wc3fqZQwtHM-00307-00155978-00156371 genes and Environmental Leader action that we really have to address.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00308-00156371-00156923 The training aspects we, in our own institution and others I’m familiar with, we often have
wc3fqZQwtHM-00309-00156923-00157055 training programs.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00310-00157055-00157524 It’s the pool of trainees and pushing it back even earlier and earlier into the training
wc3fqZQwtHM-00311-00157524-00157826 when we identify individuals that can come along.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00312-00157826-00158570 By the time we get to a post-doc training program we’ve lost a lot of opportunity
wc3fqZQwtHM-00313-00158570-00158850 in the background that I think you really have to get to.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00314-00158850-00159473 And then in terms of just the sequencing, without sequencing diverse populations we
wc3fqZQwtHM-00315-00159473-00159613 run into a number of problems.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00316-00159613-00160176 And just one anecdotal story in neonatal diabetes we identified a mutation in a gene that’s
wc3fqZQwtHM-00317-00160176-00160370 known to cause neonatal diabetes.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00318-00160370-00160590 Everything is great.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00319-00160590-00161235 We wrote a report on that ready to submit it on Friday, waited until Monday, and data
wc3fqZQwtHM-00320-00161235-00161630 on 1,300 individuals in a different ethnic group became available and it turned out it
wc3fqZQwtHM-00321-00161630-00162117 was a -- an ethnic-specific, looked like it was damaging mutation that doesn’t cause
wc3fqZQwtHM-00322-00162117-00162322 this disease.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00323-00162322-00162885 And so we’ve got to have -- it’s almost the forensic problem all over again and we’re
wc3fqZQwtHM-00324-00162885-00162985 going to have to face that.
wc3fqZQwtHM-00325-00162985-00162990 [end of transcript]
wdEihGBZ9jY-00000-00000112-00000552 This short video shows the hold groups functionality in Sitka's Evergreen.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00001-00000816-00001312 Hold groups allow library staff to create lists of patrons that can be used to place multiple
wdEihGBZ9jY-00002-00001312-00001592 title level holds on the same bibliographic record.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00003-00001655-00002007 This is useful for book clubs, new or on order items,
wdEihGBZ9jY-00004-00002007-00002160 and/or high demand items.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00005-00002288-00002664 A new library setting called randomize group hold order
wdEihGBZ9jY-00006-00002664-00003168 allows for hold placement times to be randomized among list members for fair distribution.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00007-00003368-00003920 Hold groups can be accessed by going to Circulation and selecting Hold Groups.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00008-00004152-00004384 Existing Hold Groups for your library will display
wdEihGBZ9jY-00009-00004440-00004768 and new groups can be added by clicking New Hold Group.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00010-00005016-00005448 Enter a name for your group, a description if desired,
wdEihGBZ9jY-00011-00005448-00005784 and indicate whether or not the group is visible to patrons.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00012-00005880-00006232 Patron visible groups can be viewed by patrons via My Account.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00013-00006312-00006448 Click Create Bucket.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00014-00006552-00006752 Double-click on a group to open it.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00015-00006952-00007216 The hold groups menu on the Current Users tab
wdEihGBZ9jY-00016-00007272-00007568 allows you to edit, delete, and share your hold group.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00017-00007680-00008072 From the Add Users tab you can scan in patron barcodes
wdEihGBZ9jY-00018-00008376-00008688 or search for patrons to add users to your group.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00019-00009488-00010112 When you have a list of users, select the users and click Add All to Hold Group.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00020-00010288-00010688 On the Current Users tab you can now see the members of your group.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00021-00010752-00011192 To place holds for your group members go to the Hold Events tab.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00022-00011320-00011504 Click New Hold Group Event.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00023-00011648-00011888 You will need to know the database ID for the
wdEihGBZ9jY-00024-00011888-00012160 bibliographic record you would like to place the hold for.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00025-00012264-00012711 The database ID can be found in the record summary section of a record.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00026-00012792-00013144 Enter the database ID and click Create Event.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00027-00013447-00013919 Evergreen will go through and place holds for all patrons in your hold group.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00028-00013976-00014328 Patrons that are part of patron visible hold groups will see a
wdEihGBZ9jY-00029-00014328-00014672 Hold Groups tab in My Account with a list of the groups they are in.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00030-00014744-00015303 Patrons can remove themselves from groups they no longer want to be part of by clicking Remove Me.
wdEihGBZ9jY-00031-00015647-00015976 Thank you for watching thisvideo.  For more information
wdEihGBZ9jY-00032-00015976-00016376 please visit the BC Libraries Cooperative website.
wfJLz4csz3E-00000-00000000-00000200 Why jamaicans so fast
wgfjy9XhrZM-00000-00000287-00000624 Hi, everyone, I'm Adam Isgreen Creative Director for World's Edge.
wgfjy9XhrZM-00001-00000654-00000894 Thank you so much to everyone at Gamescom
wgfjy9XhrZM-00002-00000894-00001175 for this amazing honor  for Age of Empires 4.
wgfjy9XhrZM-00003-00001275-00001362 you know, with Age
wgfjy9XhrZM-00004-00001362-00001695 we're on a journey we're setting out  to create an entertainment experience
wgfjy9XhrZM-00005-00001695-00001932 that can delight players  from all over the world.
wgfjy9XhrZM-00006-00001932-00002236 And, you know, winning an award like this  just means that we're going
wgfjy9XhrZM-00007-00002236-00002543 to have to work that much harder  to ensure that we live up to that promise
wgfjy9XhrZM-00008-00002543-00002876 and create an incredible experience  for anyone that plays it.
wgfjy9XhrZM-00009-00002930-00003327 So on behalf of everyone at World's  Edge and Relic Entertainment,
wgfjy9XhrZM-00010-00003347-00003587 thank you so much for the recognition.
wgfjy9XhrZM-00011-00003707-00003941 Hi Gamescom. I'm Quinn Duffy from Relic Entertainment.
wgfjy9XhrZM-00012-00004008-00004244 We're so excited about the Best Strategy Game
wgfjy9XhrZM-00013-00004244-00004645 award for Age of Empires 4. I'm personally thrilled
wgfjy9XhrZM-00014-00004662-00004915 to accept the honor  on behalf of the team at Relic.
wgfjy9XhrZM-00015-00004955-00005382 I'd like to extend a  thank you to our partners at World's Edge
wgfjy9XhrZM-00016-00005412-00005703 and from around the world  who have helped contribute on the game.
wgfjy9XhrZM-00017-00005756-00006246 I'd also like to sincerely thank the fans  for their feedback, for their passion
wgfjy9XhrZM-00018-00006246-00006587 and for their dedication to  the franchise. Thanks again.
wkOXOr9DrJE-00000-00004400-00004900 Hello friends, today is a very special day for each of you
wkOXOr9DrJE-00001-00005000-00005200 because it's your birthday
wkOXOr9DrJE-00002-00005300-00006000 you have a day when you came to earth, but this is a ritual with which you start a new life and are born again
wkOXOr9DrJE-00003-00006100-00007100 and here we will rewrite destiny, receive a blessing and start fresh as this ritual will help your life change
wkOXOr9DrJE-00004-00007200-00008200 and the corresponding ritual can be watched whenever you need a change, when you have a birthday to get even more lucky and have a successful year
wkOXOr9DrJE-00005-00008300-00008600 and anytime you want a positive change in your life
wkOXOr9DrJE-00006-00008700-00009300 or when some kind of stagnation begins in your life
wkOXOr9DrJE-00007-00009400-00010600 and respectively this ritual for those who are in a big stagnation or their life is quite difficult, it is good to watch it for at least nine days in a row
wkOXOr9DrJE-00008-00010700-00010900 watch it consciously, it is short
wkOXOr9DrJE-00009-00011000-00011300 why nine days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00010-00011400-00011800 because there are nine worlds around us, nine dimensions
wkOXOr9DrJE-00011-00011900-00012800 and this serves to connect with each dimension or protection and blessing from all forces in those dimensions
wkOXOr9DrJE-00012-00012900-00013300 to help you heal, to free yourself, to start fresh
wkOXOr9DrJE-00013-00013400-00013500 and so we begin
wkOXOr9DrJE-00014-00013900-00014400 on this holy day you were born, say your name
wkOXOr9DrJE-00015-00014600-00015100 and you can use the names of your loved ones here to help them
wkOXOr9DrJE-00016-00015200-00015600 on this holy day you were born, say your name
wkOXOr9DrJE-00017-00016300-00017300 and in the name of the gods of fate, in the name of the three Norns, in the name of the three Parcae
wkOXOr9DrJE-00018-00017400-00017800 in the name of goddess Dolya, Nedolya and Karna
wkOXOr9DrJE-00019-00018100-00018300 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00020-00018400-00018900 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00021-00019000-00019500 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00022-00019600-00020300 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00023-00020400-00021400 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00024-00020500-00022300 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00025-00022400-00022600 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00026-00022700-00023000 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00027-00023100-00023500 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00028-00023600-00024000 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00029-00024100-00024900 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00030-00025000-00025900 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00031-00026000-00026600 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00032-00026700-00026900 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00033-00027000-00027100 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00034-00027200-00027600 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00035-00027700-00028100 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00036-00028200-00029000 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00037-00029100-00030000 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00038-00030100-00030700 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00039-00030800-00031000 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00040-00031100-00031200 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00041-00031300-00031800 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00042-00031900-00032400 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00043-00032500-00033200 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00044-00033300-00034200 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00045-00034300-00035000 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00046-00035100-00035200 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00047-00035300-00035400 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00048-00035500-00036000 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00049-00036100-00036400 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00050-00036500-00037300 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00051-00037400-00038200 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00052-00038300-00039000 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00053-00039100-00039200 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00054-00039300-00039400 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00055-00039500-00039900 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00056-00040000-00040400 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00057-00040500-00041200 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00058-00041300-00042100 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00059-00042200-00042800 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00060-00042900-00043000 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00061-00043100-00043200 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00062-00043300-00043700 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00063-00043800-00044200 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00064-00044300-00045000 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00065-00045100-00045900 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00066-00046000-00046700 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00067-00046800-00047000 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00068-00047500-00047700 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00069-00047800-00048200 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00070-00048300-00048600 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00071-00048700-00049500 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00072-00049600-00050300 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00073-00050400-00051100 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00074-00051200-00051300 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00075-00051400-00051600 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00076-00051700-00052100 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00077-00052200-00052600 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00078-00052700-00053300 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00079-00053400-00054200 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00080-00054300-00054900 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00081-00055000-00055200 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00082-00055300-00055400 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00083-00055500-00055800 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00084-00055900-00056300 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00085-00056400-00057100 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00086-00057200-00058000 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00087-00058100-00058700 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00088-00058800-00058900 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00089-00059000-00059100 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00090-00059200-00059600 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00091-00059700-00060100 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00092-00060200-00060900 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00093-00061000-00061700 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00094-00061800-00062400 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00095-00062500-00062600 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00096-00062700-00062800 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00097-00062900-00063300 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00098-00063400-00063800 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00099-00063900-00064500 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00100-00064600-00065400 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00101-00065500-00066100 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00102-00066200-00066400 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00103-00066500-00066600 I grant you to be very happy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00104-00066700-00067100 in the name of the divine and diabolical tree, in the name of the light legions and the dark hordes
wkOXOr9DrJE-00105-00067200-00067500 in the name of the gods of the upper worlds and in the name of the gods of the lower worlds
wkOXOr9DrJE-00106-00067600-00068300 in the name of east, west, north and south, with the power of the seals of earth, water, air and fire, with the power of the seals of the sun and moon
wkOXOr9DrJE-00107-00068400-00069200 to free yourself from all evil, from all black magic, from all possible black seals, from all possible punishments, sufferings and trials
wkOXOr9DrJE-00108-00069300-00069900 may your energy and divine core be fully restored, may you be very happy, successful, loved, healthy and wealthy for the rest of your days
wkOXOr9DrJE-00109-00070000-00070200 and may the good in you always be victorious
wkOXOr9DrJE-00110-00070300-00070500 true, sworn
wkOXOr9DrJE-00111-00070800-00070900 goddess Dolya stands before you
wkOXOr9DrJE-00112-00071000-00071500 bow before you, honor and glory goddess Dolya
wkOXOr9DrJE-00113-00071800-00072200 Goddess Dolya waves her staff and blesses you
wkOXOr9DrJE-00114-00073000-00073600 movement is created, east, west, north, south, movement is created
wkOXOr9DrJE-00115-00073900-00074600 movement is brought into space, a circle is created around you with movement
wkOXOr9DrJE-00116-00074700-00074800 eternal movement
wkOXOr9DrJE-00117-00075000-00075900 a flow of activities, work, movement of finances, movement of energy is created all around you
wkOXOr9DrJE-00118-00076000-00076200 a roundabout is created
wkOXOr9DrJE-00119-00076400-00076900 movement comes to life, goddess Dolya enlivens the space around you
wkOXOr9DrJE-00120-00077000-00077600 intensifies the energy and golden dust falls on you
wkOXOr9DrJE-00121-00077800-00078500 goddess Fortuna blesses you with the cornucopia and bestows upon you all good things
wkOXOr9DrJE-00122-00079300-00080400 the flow of finances comes to life, the flows of gifts come to life, the flows of forces come to life, fate comes to life
wkOXOr9DrJE-00123-00080500-00080900 luck and happiness come to life
wkOXOr9DrJE-00124-00081100-00081600 everything you want and dream you get it, you get everything
wkOXOr9DrJE-00125-00081800-00082200 the universe hears you, you are in touch with the gods
wkOXOr9DrJE-00126-00082400-00082700 sealed by the gods of fate
wkOXOr9DrJE-00127-00082800-00082900 true
wkOXOr9DrJE-00128-00083300-00084100 from today you are blessed, you are protected, you are blessed to be rich
wkOXOr9DrJE-00129-00084300-00085100 you are blessed to be happy, you are blessed to be healthy, you are blessed to be successful in all your endeavors
wkOXOr9DrJE-00130-00085200-00086200 you are blessed to have talents to develop and to be respected by people and recognition for your talents and work
wkOXOr9DrJE-00131-00086400-00087300 you are blessed to be respected, you are blessed to have a high social position and material goods
wkOXOr9DrJE-00132-00087400-00087900 you are blessed to have a happy, faithful, beautiful, caring partner
wkOXOr9DrJE-00133-00088000-00088300 with uniquely faithful and divine relations
wkOXOr9DrJE-00134-00088600-00088700 between you and your souls
wkOXOr9DrJE-00135-00088800-00089000 and may the love between you be endless
wkOXOr9DrJE-00136-00089200-00090300 you are blessed to have a happy, rich and successful family, you are blessed to have a happy, beautiful, rich and successful home
wkOXOr9DrJE-00137-00090400-00090800 beautiful, happy, rich, successful, smart and wonderful children
wkOXOr9DrJE-00138-00090900-00091600 Happy, healthy, good and loved with whom you can understand
wkOXOr9DrJE-00139-00091700-00092400 and your whole space blooms and thrives
wkOXOr9DrJE-00140-00092500-00092900 and all the abundance of the universe belongs to you
wkOXOr9DrJE-00141-00093000-00093100 true, sworn
wkOXOr9DrJE-00142-00093900-00094000 you feel the energy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00143-00094300-00095400 and at that moment you get new energy information data with a matrix healing that I will embed
wkOXOr9DrJE-00144-00096000-00096300 complete change of fate, say your name
wkOXOr9DrJE-00145-00096400-00096500 and the names of your loved ones
wkOXOr9DrJE-00146-00097300-00098100 we pay for this change naturally with cuckoos, with the enemies of the Valkyrie esoteric school, the enemies of the Veda Morana Odina channel
wkOXOr9DrJE-00147-00098200-00098800 with the enemies of my personal practice, my personal enemies, the enemies of my son, my husband, my mother, my family and my kin
wkOXOr9DrJE-00148-00098900-00099400 as well as with the enemies of all who listen to me, their loved ones, their families, their kins
wkOXOr9DrJE-00149-00099500-00100300 as well as with the traitors and enemies of our Bulgarian families
wkOXOr9DrJE-00150-00100400-00101000 as well as all the trash that exists on the planet and needs to be removed
wkOXOr9DrJE-00151-00101300-00101500 true, sworn, paid
wkOXOr9DrJE-00152-00101700-00101800 and now I'm embedding the matrices
wkOXOr9DrJE-00153-00107000-00107300 the channels will work until the task set before them is completed
wkOXOr9DrJE-00154-00107500-00108500 as those who must will be freed with love and gratitude and the rest remain as an impenetrable very strong and aggressive defense
wkOXOr9DrJE-00155-00108600-00108700 true, sworn
wkOXOr9DrJE-00156-00108800-00109300 and from today onwards your new life begins and everything changes for the better
wkOXOr9DrJE-00157-00109600-00109700 true, sworn
wkOXOr9DrJE-00158-00110100-00110600 and all your channels are healed, the mother-father-child and god-goddess-man channels
wkOXOr9DrJE-00159-00110700-00111400 the trinity is being restored, the happy matrix of your destiny is being restored, the divine core, the divine beginning
wkOXOr9DrJE-00160-00111500-00111800 all misfortunes and problems leave your life irrevocably and forever
wkOXOr9DrJE-00161-00111900-00112500 and you enjoy a happy and wonderful life henceforth
wkOXOr9DrJE-00162-00112600-00113200 your chakras open and your heart chakra opens
wkOXOr9DrJE-00163-00113400-00113700 and unconditional divine love flows from you
wkOXOr9DrJE-00164-00113800-00114500 and you merge with the consciousness of the divine principle and become one with it
wkOXOr9DrJE-00165-00114700-00115700 and between you and the divine principle and the creator there is an energetic exchange of energy
wkOXOr9DrJE-00166-00115800-00116400 the energy makes a circle and you are healed, restored and come out on a new level
wkOXOr9DrJE-00167-00116500-00117000 you receive impenetrable protection and the abundance of the entire universe belongs to you
wkOXOr9DrJE-00168-00117100-00118100 the cornucopia pours down on you with gold dust and your whole life is transformed into a beautiful and wonderful fairy tale
wkOXOr9DrJE-00169-00118200-00118500 of love, happiness, well-being and prosperity
wkOXOr9DrJE-00170-00118600-00118800 true, true, true, sworn
wkOXOr9DrJE-00171-00119100-00119600 watch this video whenever you need or like I told you nine days in a row
wkOXOr9DrJE-00172-00119700-00120200 you can also sleep on it and of course I am waiting for you with good news
wkOXOr9DrJE-00173-00120300-00120800 because there will be a positive change, there will be miracles, all your dreams will come true
wkOXOr9DrJE-00174-00120900-00121100 so be it, true
wkOXOr9DrJE-00175-00121200-00121400 and of course you will brag to me, bye
wm7RtioV53c-00000-00000100-00000900 New Hubble observations of the massive globular cluster NGC 2808 provide evidence that it has three generations of stars
wm7RtioV53c-00001-00000900-00001200 instead of one as current theories predict.
wm7RtioV53c-00002-00003400-00003600 This is the Hubblecast!
wm7RtioV53c-00003-00003600-00004600 News and Images from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Travelling through time and space with our host Doctor J a.k.a. Dr Joe Liske.
wm7RtioV53c-00004-00004700-00004900 Welcome to the Hubblecast! 
wm7RtioV53c-00005-00004900-00005700 Globular clusters are the homesteaders of our Milky Way Galaxy because they were born during our Galaxy’s formation. 
wm7RtioV53c-00006-00005700-00006300 They are compact swarms of typically hundreds of thousands of stars that are being held together by gravity. 
wm7RtioV53c-00007-00006300-00007000 Now astronomers have long thought that globular clusters experience a single baby boom of star formation
wm7RtioV53c-00008-00007000-00007500 at the beginning of their lives,and then settle into a rather quiet existence. 
wm7RtioV53c-00009-00007900-00008500 New observations by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope is showing that this idea may be too simple. 
wm7RtioV53c-00010-00008500-00009600 The Hubble analysis of the massive globular cluster NGC 2808 is providing evidence that instead of having one baby boom of star formation,
wm7RtioV53c-00011-00009600-00010300 star birth went “boom, boom, boom,” creating three generations of stars early on in the cluster’s life.
wm7RtioV53c-00012-00010400-00011500 We were really struck by the results when we saw for the first time the same team we said wow because we were not expecting anything like that.
wm7RtioV53c-00013-00011500-00012200 The picture we had in mind was that globular clusters were simple stellar systems. 
wm7RtioV53c-00014-00012200-00012900 Simple because they are all stars which formed all together at the same time from the same material, 
wm7RtioV53c-00015-00012900-00013400 that these were the same composition, and stars which are all at the same distance. 
wm7RtioV53c-00016-00013400-00014600 I think this is going to change our view of globular clusters. In this sense it’s a cornerstone result.
wm7RtioV53c-00017-00014600-00015000 The astronomers used Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys to measure the brightness - 
wm7RtioV53c-00018-00015000-00015800 seen along this axis - and the colour of the cluster stars – seen here, with blue to the left and red to the right.
wm7RtioV53c-00019-00015800-00016500 The measurements showed three distinct populations, with each successive generation appearing slightly bluer. 
wm7RtioV53c-00020-00016500-00017300 This colour difference suggests that successive generations contain a slightly different mix of some chemical elements.
wm7RtioV53c-00021-00017300-00018300 We don’t really know how it happened but it may be that the cluster formed a first generation that expelled a lot of material 
wm7RtioV53c-00022-00018300-00019000 that only later fell down forming a second generation of stars with completely different chemical properties. 
wm7RtioV53c-00023-00019000-00019900 That may be just the explanation and may be consistent with the fact that NGC 2808 is one of the most massive clusters in the galaxy, so able to retain all this gas. 
wm7RtioV53c-00024-00020100-00020700 Astronomers commonly believed that globular clusters produced only a single stellar generation, 
wm7RtioV53c-00025-00020700-00021400 because the energy from the first batch of stars cleared out the remaining gas needed for more stars.
wm7RtioV53c-00026-00021400-00022200 But a hefty cluster like NGC 2808, which is two to three times more massive than  typical globular clusters, 
wm7RtioV53c-00027-00022300-00023200 may have enough gravity to hold onto that gas. Although the astronomers have searched only two globular clusters for multiple stellar generations,
wm7RtioV53c-00028-00023200-00023600 they say this may be a typical occurrence in other massive clusters as well.
wm7RtioV53c-00029-00023700-00024400 Now no one is taking the radical step of suggesting that previous work on other clusters is no longer valid. 
wm7RtioV53c-00030-00024400-00025200 But this discovery does show that the study of stellar populations in globular clusters may be heading in a new direction.
wm7RtioV53c-00031-00025300-00026000 The team plans to use ESO’s Very Large Telescope in Chile to study the chemical composition of NGC 2808. 
wm7RtioV53c-00032-00026000-00026800 This may offer further evidence that the stars were formed at different times and it may yield clues as to how they formed. 
wm7RtioV53c-00033-00026800-00027600 The team will also will use Hubble to hunt for multiple generations in about 10 more hefty globular clusters.
wm7RtioV53c-00034-00027700-00028000 This is Dr J signing off for the Hubblecast. 
wm7RtioV53c-00035-00028000-00028500 Once again, you've guessed it, nature has surprised us beyond our wildest imagination …
wm7RtioV53c-00036-00028700-00029100 Hubblecast is produced by ESA/Hubble at the European Southern Observatory in Germany. 
wm7RtioV53c-00037-00029100-00029600 The Hubble mission is a project of international cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency. 
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00000-00000094-00000794 In the last episode, we talked about learning how to learn, and so we provided people with
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00001-00000924-00001413 a few tools that they could use to try to learn information and remember that information
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00002-00001413-00001975 for a longer period of time—things like retrieval practice, interleaving, desirable
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00003-00001975-00002581 difficulties, more generally. Hopefully, people will be able to use those skills to be able
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00004-00002581-00003186 to help them improve their learning across the board when it comes to learning a new
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00005-00003186-00003790 language, a new skill like the guitar, or a sport, or even formal training like calculus
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00006-00003790-00004087 or computer programming or everyday thinking.
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00007-00004087-00004747 We're going to continue on that theme today in providing people with skills that they
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00008-00004747-00005357 can use in their everyday lives. We're going to be borrowing something from science, specifically
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00009-00005357-00005851 some of the tools that scientists use in the lab that we can use every day.
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00010-00005851-00006412 Yes, I agree. In fact, I don't think there's anything particularly special about what scientists
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00011-00006412-00006954 do in the lab. Yes, they're performing experiments; they're doing data analysis; they're using
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00012-00006954-00007654 statistics, but these are just formal ways of finding things out, of detecting strangeness,
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00013-00007728-00008331 of picking up whether something fishy is going on. Now what we do in our everyday lives,
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00014-00008331-00008729 we may not realize it, but we're actually using some of the tools of science as well,
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00015-00008729-00009620 but we use these informally; we use these intuitively. This idea came up in my conversation actually with Tom Gilovich.
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00016-00009629-00009933 Can you tell me about the intuitive scientist?
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00017-00009933-00010633 Sure. That's a metaphor that people have used to draw a parallel between what scientists
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00018-00010704-00011167 do, which is try to understand the world—and there are some formal tools for doing that—and
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00019-00011167-00011468 what scientists try to do professionally and of course we all try to do in our everyday
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00020-00011468-00012124 lives: to figure out the world around us. There a lot of similarities between what we
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00021-00012124-00012796 do as people in our everyday lives and what scientists do. In fact, science developed
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00022-00012796-00013496 out of the kinds of mental habits that we had. We, over time, recognized what the problems
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00023-00013588-00014247 are and what are the things that allow the most powerful conclusion. So it would be odd
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00024-00014247-00014947 if regular thinking was just radically different than scientific thinking. It's different but
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00025-00014950-00015244 there are some parallels between them.
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00026-00015244-00015766 We're trying, just like the scientist does, to identify: what are the phenomena out there?
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00027-00015766-00016430 Okay, there are the phenomena. Why are they that way? We ask why all the time. You know,
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00028-00016430-00016999 there used to be this beer commercial in the United States of, "Why ask why?" It's a brilliant
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00029-00016999-00017660 little tagline because by raising it, it's illustrated: we just do that all the time.
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00030-00017660-00017984 Something happens, and we just want to know why. That's what scientists do, and that's
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00031-00017984-00018356 what we do in our daily lives.
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00032-00018356-00019003 This idea of applying the formal tools of science to our everyday lives came up in my
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00033-00019003-00019492 conversation with Michael Brenner and Pia Sörensen, who are teaching another edX course
wmMbOKfFN_Y-00034-00019492-00019858 called Science and Cooking. Here's what they have to say.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00000-00000153-00000666 Allahumma salli wa sallim wa barik ala sayyidina muhammadin wa ala alihi 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00001-00000766-00001000 adada inamillahi wa ifdali
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00002-00001111-00001311 Audhu billahi min ash shaytanir rajim
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00003-00001392-00001592 Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00004-00001708-00002020 When he saw the child at the door of the temple, the eyes of 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00005-00002020-00002321 Zakariya (Zechariah) Alaihissalam suddenly gleamed.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00006-00002411-00002833 Because, as we said in the lesson yesterday, the Roman soldiers, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00007-00002909-00003132 together with their commanders, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00008-00003193-00003633 had reached the peak of their pressure to evacuate this place.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00009-00003715-00003988 As Prophet Isa (Jesus) was slowly approaching, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00010-00003988-00004263 the Roman commander was very unaware and careless of 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00011-00004324-00004809 this young boy who was walking behind him and 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00012-00004866-00005114 slowly coming towards the head of the temple.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00013-00005256-00005573 When Prophet Isa came, Prophet Zakariya 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00014-00005573-00005910 quickly hugged and greeted him.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00015-00005989-00006242 It was evident from the salaam (greeting) he gave that this young man, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00016-00006242-00006522 who entered the door with a salaam, was also a believer.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00017-00006584-00007054 Under the looks of the Roman soldier 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00018-00007099-00007248 as if saying who is this, when Prophet Isa said, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00019-00007351-00007402 “Sir, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00020-00007446-00007571 what do they want from you? 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00021-00007611-00007816 What is going on here?”, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00022-00007858-00008092 Prophet Zakariya had said to Prophet Isa, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00023-00008092-00008338 “Welcome, you brought joy.”
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00024-00008378-00008592 He first hesitated before using his name. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00025-00008637-00008860 Because he didn't want the people around to know 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00026-00008860-00009100 and remember him again.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00027-00009150-00009423 Yet, although the people inside were Roman soldiers, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00028-00009454-00009824 he could be uneasy about the re-emergence of this name.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00029-00009918-00010296 Prophet Zakariya was taking some precautions 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00030-00010296-00010596 against the events that could happen in his own way.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00031-00010638-00011032 Prophet Isa turned and came close towards the hand of the Roman soldier. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00032-00011090-00011210 “Raise your hand.” he said. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00033-00011262-00011462 The Roman soldier held out his hand. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00034-00011516-00011956 The Roman soldier had a serious ailment consisting of warts on his hand, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00035-00012000-00012200 which was not really noticed by anyone.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00036-00012265-00012638 For this reason alone, he would usually throw his hands behind his back 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00037-00012675-00013087 or to the side while speaking, not wanting it to be seen so much. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00038-00013116-00013341 Therefore, he would not move his hands and arms, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00039-00013431-00013722 and would not want anyone to notice this ailment of his.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00040-00013784-00014116 This attention of the Prophet Isa came together with the 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00041-00014116-00014468 uneasiness of the Roman soldier and was reinforced.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00042-00014543-00015013 Just as Prophet Isa was taking it into his palms and 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00043-00015071-00015431 running his fingers over the hand of this Roman commander, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00044-00015431-00015828 the warts completely disappeared, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00045-00015828-00016106 and the colour of the man's hands turned to as 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00046-00016106-00016345 if blood was gushing from his veins.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00047-00016411-00016807 The Roman soldier was shocked by this situation, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00048-00016849-00017049 whose whole hand was completely renewed. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00049-00017123-00017341 He looked at Prophet Isa to understand what was happening, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00050-00017341-00017561 though he was frightened at the same time.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00051-00017629-00017914 But the first words that came out of his mouth 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00052-00017914-00018203 once again put forth the human qualities of him, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00053-00018248-00018395 “My daughter has it too.” he said.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00054-00018452-00018770 So Prophet Isa said, “Then bring your daughter too.”
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00055-00018821-00019188 They immediately assigned the soldiers and began to wait for his daughter.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00056-00019235-00019609 In the meantime, the Roman soldier would have been afraid of Prophet Isa, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00057-00019663-00019863 he stepped aside and thought that 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00058-00019863-00020088 these people should not be disturbed.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00059-00020144-00020344 His daughter, who came a little later, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00060-00020370-00020538 was told by Prophet Isa,
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00061-00020581-00020801 “There is not only warts on this child. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00062-00020832-00021196 “There is not only warts on this child. She also has a lot of nausea and stomach-aches inside her too.”
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00063-00021259-00021630 The fact that only the family knew about the discomfort of 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00064-00021736-00021881 this female child brought by the soldiers completely 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00065-00021928-00022361 strengthened the conviction that Prophet Isa 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00066-00022414-00022550 was not a normal person.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00067-00022612-00022684 While the Roman soldier was asking, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00068-00022738-00023146 “Will you also lay your hands on her too?” 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00069-00023188-00023456 Prophet Isa had already begun to run his hand 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00070-00023500-00023743 over the little girl’s belly.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00071-00023806-00024105 And the best part is that 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00072-00024144-00024415 the Roman soldier never heard from this girl 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00073-00024444-00024644 about any nausea or any other illness again.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00074-00024698-00024925 The Roman soldier immediately believed in the 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00075-00024925-00025157 greatness of Isa Alaihissalam there, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00076-00025196-00025302 but within himself. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00077-00025337-00025663 He had to do this before those around him heard about it.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00078-00025775-00026064 This person, who was honoured with Islam, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00079-00026064-00026376 so to speak, in front of Prophet Isa Alaihissalam, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00080-00026433-00026698 would now take his place as a Muslim commander 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00081-00026698-00027000 among the Roman soldiers.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00082-00027049-00027427 We can say that Ali Imran, that is, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00083-00027463-00027764 the family of Imran, was placed under a security and
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00084-00027764-00028015 protection circle that no one could understand, between the 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00085-00028015-00028315 evacuation of Jerusalem with this oppressive regime.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00086-00028355-00028596 In order to achieve this, the Roman commander 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00087-00028596-00028846 said the following words to the regional governor:
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00088-00028914-00029370 “If we try to get these people out of Bayt al-Maqdis now, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00089-00029423-00029642 we will not be able to stop the demonstration inside. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00090-00029690-00029874 We have to wait until the very end.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00091-00029912-00030154 The presence of those people is important to us. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00092-00030183-00030356 They have to stay for now.”
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00093-00030431-00030720 This phrase that was given above, this intelligence information, so to speak, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00094-00030720-00031000 was of course due to the fact that this commander had become a Muslim. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00095-00031038-00031439 However, among the other members of the Bani Israel 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00096-00031477-00031700 who had to leave the region, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00097-00031729-00032045 they had spread the rumors that Ali Imran is a family 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00098-00032045-00032380 that has passed to the side of Rome.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00099-00032435-00032713 Yes, the Prophets of Islam, who have been 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00100-00032713-00032954 subject to various slanders throughout history,
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00101-00032989-00033250 are this time expressed as if they have 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00102-00033286-00033673 submitted to a new understanding of a 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00103-00033711-00033894 new state like Rome that comes 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00105-00034083-00034450 and goes in uncertainty of whether it is pagan, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00106-00034477-00034634 or is it from Greek philosophy, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00107-00034665-00034911 is it irreligious, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00108-00034943-00035214 or if they are idolators.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00109-00035257-00035588 Under these slanders, an opportunity for Prophet Isa 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00110-00035588-00035941 to speak the truth for a short period of time had now arised.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00111-00035988-00036206 The time it took to speak this truth was 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00112-00036242-00036353 only six years.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00113-00036386-00036552 But the first three years of this, so to speak, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00114-00036585-00036938 generally passed inside Bayt al-Maqdis.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00115-00036965-00037114 It didn't spread much around.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00116-00037140-00037411 After all, everyone was more concerned 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00117-00037435-00037599 with their life than their faith.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00118-00037628-00037853 Everyone was trying to save their day.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00119-00037896-00038256 There were about nineteen apostles who believed in him. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00120-00038256-00038588 Unless we count his mother and those honourable people around her.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00121-00038639-00038901 But when we go back, when the time comes for 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00122-00038959-00039275 those who made an effort to have him crucified, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00123-00039316-00039538 unfortunately, there will be some who will die among them, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00124-00039574-00039774 and these apostles would be mentioned as to be 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00125-00039814-00040237 twelve in their most natural state.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00126-00040267-00040566 In other words, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00127-00040608-00040945 we need to commemorate those who believed while living 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00128-00040967-00041180 but died before Prophet Isa ascended to the sky.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00129-00041263-00041527 After this great troublesome turmoil 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00130-00041564-00041812 in the period of Prophet Isa, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00131-00041859-00042253 when Allah Almighty sent down the Divine Revelation, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00132-00042288-00042643 he was just about 18 years old, turning 19.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00133-00042687-00043131 The Divine Revelation took place on a Tuesday evening 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00134-00043153-00043312 in the third, fourth week of February.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00135-00043360-00043686 In order for Prophet Isa to receive the Divine Revelation, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00136-00043713-00043913 for the first moment after he received it, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00137-00043945-00044088 his Miraj (Ascension) took place.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00138-00044141-00044546 So to speak, he can be said to be one of the rare Prophets 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00139-00044592-00044915 who lived his Revelation and Miraj as a whole. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00140-00044957-00045265 The Miraj took place right after Allah Dhul-Jalal 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00141-00045265-00045565 revealed the Divine Revelation to him.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00142-00045605-00045690 But this Miraj was to be 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00143-00045735-00045943 a little different from the Miraj that the Messenger of Allah 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00144-00045943-00046205 (Muhammad) Alaihissalatu Wassalam experienced.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00145-00046253-00046478 Where could the horse approaching Bayt al-Maqdis 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00146-00046523-00046835 take him while living in Bayt al-Maqdis?
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00147-00046880-00047080 Of course, to Mecca.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00148-00047130-00047417 Prophet Isa went to Mecca on the back of this horse.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00149-00047471-00047831 While performing his pilgrimage here for three days, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00150-00047849-00048049 he met with Bani Ismail, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00151-00048073-00048314 that is, the Sons of Ismail, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00152-00048349-00048611 and he rode his horse to Medina, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00153-00048654-00048984 never neglecting to pray two rak'ahs 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00154-00048984-00049184 in the lands where the Messenger of Allah 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00155-00049230-00049371 Alaihissalatu Wassalam was born.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00156-00049437-00049763 On his way from Arafat, where he lived, to Mecca, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00157-00049786-00049986 when he approached to kiss the Hajar al-Aswad, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00158-00050022-00050304 it was seen that the Hajar al-Aswad disappeared to him.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00159-00050342-00050636 This disappearance made Prophet Isa think. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00160-00050681-00050881 So Gabriel Alaihissalam said: 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00161-00050924-00051092 “Your prayer has been accepted, O Isa.”
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00162-00051139-00051540 This prayer was born from the trait of Prophet Isa to be the 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00163-00051582-00052013 ummah of the Messenger of Allah Alaihissalatu Wassalam from Qalu Bala. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00164-00052065-00052345 Yes, among all the Prophets, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00165-00052378-00052642 he was the one who yearned the most for the 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00166-00052664-00052886 Messenger of Allah Alaihissalatu Wassalam.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00167-00052947-00053373 To be able to meet with Him, to be with Him, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00168-00053408-00053711 and that the explanation that the honour of being 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00169-00053758-00054102 an ummah to Him is the greatest honour, added value to 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00170-00054127-00054402 him as he said Ahmadi, Ahmadi, and Ahmadi while teaching 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00171-00054444-00054576 certain things to his disciples throughout history.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00172-00054657-00054857 Even today, there is an encrypted version of the name Ahmad 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00173-00054857-00055157 in the names of many street names and 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00174-00055205-00055533 historical places that have remained in Israel.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00175-00055576-00055851 Inshaallah, in another study we will do in the field of art 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00176-00055878-00056158 history and mythology, we will be touching on these as well.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00177-00056211-00056283 In truth,
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00178-00056392-00056827 the fact that a person who was so in love with the 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00179-00056827-00057121 Messenger of Allah Alaihissalatu Wassalam, is rarely talked 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00180-00057156-00057541 about these days may be partly due to the fact that 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00181-00057572-00057827 Prophet Isa was considered under the hegemony of Christianity.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00182-00057891-00058232 In the last three years of his life, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00183-00058232-00058538 Prophet Isa was now openly declaring the truth of the Divine Revelation. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00184-00058601-00058847 This name, which was taken under protection by the Romans, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00185-00058893-00059129 was now circulating as a new term 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00186-00059129-00059389 that would cause trouble for the Romans.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00187-00059437-00059765 Yes, they would say, the slanderers of Bani Israel 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00188-00059793-00059993 must now be spoiled.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00189-00060038-00060388 The name that Rome has taken care of is now preparing to rebel against them. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00190-00060437-00060637 This means that he will seize Jerusalem, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00191-00060675-00060951 this means he wants to rule the whole world from Bayt al-Maqdis. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00192-00061012-00061308 He wants to rule us all in his hands, they said. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00193-00061370-00061500 In response to this, when Prophet Isa showed how 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00194-00061548-00061865 he took a piece of soil in his palms and turned it into gold 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00195-00061901-00062101 and then how it turned into water while pouring that gold into a glass, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00196-00062144-00062570 he expressed that no importance was given to the 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00197-00062618-00062951 world by talking about the Messenger of 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00198-00063000-00063403 Allah Alaihissalatu Wassalam, and said: 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00199-00063479-00063587 “He too will come, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00200-00063620-00063752 and even he will go.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00201-00063802-00064091 You fell in love with this world. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00202-00064147-00064551 But all of you will one day return and give an account.”
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00203-00064601-00064845 While Prophet Isa, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00204-00064887-00065000 who informed everyone about the day of reckoning, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00205-00065038-00065350 fulfilled his prophethood duty, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00206-00065395-00065471 so to speak, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00207-00065500-00065812 it was time for the Romans to do something against the 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00208-00065841-00065990 slanders against him.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00209-00066054-00066236 The Roman commander was not around. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00210-00066265-00066648 The one that would protect him from the beginning 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00211-00066681-00066794 and the end would now arise as 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00212-00066841-00067091 the Divine Discretion of Allah Almighty.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00213-00067159-00067464 Surely, the process in which they intended to 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00214-00067464-00067692 crucify Prophet Isa did not happen all at once.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00215-00067745-00068000 In the last year of the Divine Revelation sent to him, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00216-00068037-00068237 while he was healing many sick people, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00217-00068279-00068534 the fact that his name was widely heard in Rome, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00218-00068579-00068841 the sayings that he was superior to the others, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00219-00068871-00069391 and that Rome should now join this religion reached 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00220-00069451-00069679 all the way to the senate. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00221-00069749-00069871 As explained today, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00222-00069916-00070186 the subject has never remained in a simple and narrow frame. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00223-00070247-00070364 Rome was shaking.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00224-00070406-00070704 It was being spoken about the rulers and even the 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00225-00070704-00070955 commanders going through the secret Christianisation process.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00226-00071009-00071253 However, Rome wanted a new mechanism that was free from 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00227-00071286-00071745 all religions and could use religions as they wished when necessary.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00228-00071803-00072058 A completely different intelligence and a completely different 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00229-00072104-00072363 philosophical method was used for this mechanism,
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00230-00072422-00072725 and even the words that would deceive the philosophers 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00231-00072763-00072963 were written in separate books when necessary.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00232-00073000-00073273 Some of these books are currently kept in the Vatican.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00233-00073329-00073570 The crosswise sayings of the popes that constantly change, 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00234-00073599-00073799 going up and down, can be expressed as a disease 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00235-00073834-00074256 that has remained from those days until today.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00236-00074329-00074653 A true believer on the other hand would never stray from his path. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00237-00074698-00074898 The likelihood of this word was not even possible 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00238-00074929-00075129 for Prophet Isa. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00239-00075168-00075539 However, all these truths revealed the necessity for 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00240-00075563-00075839 Rome to get rid of him. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00241-00075914-00076198 Yet, he was at a very easeful dinner 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00242-00076245-00076480 when it was intended for him to be gotten rid of.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00243-00076529-00076811 But not like that last supper you see in 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00244-00076811-00077086 museums right now. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00245-00077145-00077436 Prophet Isa had another guest that night.
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00246-00077520-00077900 We will be waiting for tomorrow to reach the dinner 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00247-00077943-00078191 three nights before the last supper 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00248-00078217-00078346 of Prophet Isa. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00249-00078407-00078607 See you again tomorrow. 
x1ZNvJSXiEE-00250-00078663-00078765 Stay well.
x2947zCsYtg-00000-00001176-00001592 we are learning to draw the model shown on the right
x2947zCsYtg-00001-00001664-00002984 open solidWorks by double clicking the shortcut icon from the file menu select new
x2947zCsYtg-00002-00003592-00004384 choose the part document click ok
x2947zCsYtg-00003-00005240-00005784 from the screen click the sketch icon
x2947zCsYtg-00004-00006480-00007231 from the command manager this will show all the three default plane click the front plane
x2947zCsYtg-00005-00007600-00008272 now you are in sketch mode indicated by the confirmation corner on the top right corner
x2947zCsYtg-00006-00008376-00008584 from the line tool
x2947zCsYtg-00007-00008752-00009544 click the line tool from the sketch tab draw a line from the origin click 
x2947zCsYtg-00008-00009760-00010240 drag to approximately the same dimension of about 50.
x2947zCsYtg-00009-00010496-00011384 look at the cursor is telling you that now you are drawing a horizontal line click to end the line
x2947zCsYtg-00010-00011600-00011696 drag the cursor
x2947zCsYtg-00011-00011912-00011992 you click
x2947zCsYtg-00012-00012392-00012784 drag the cursor you can see that the cursor now is
x2947zCsYtg-00013-00012863-00013647 showing you now in perpendicular you are drawing a perpendicular line click
x2947zCsYtg-00014-00013944-00014552 so look at the inference line to guide you you click again and then now from the
x2947zCsYtg-00015-00014552-00015319 inference line you you know that you can end the sketch to the origin click and you click
x2947zCsYtg-00016-00015536-00016040 click escape to end the sketch
x2947zCsYtg-00017-00016312-00016688 the line command click dimension the smart dimension
x2947zCsYtg-00018-00016896-00017184 dimension the smallest dimension click
x2947zCsYtg-00019-00017416-00017912 make sure that is this is the type type 20
x2947zCsYtg-00020-00018152-00018384 enter
x2947zCsYtg-00021-00018560-00019080 this is 25 click  place the dimension click
x2947zCsYtg-00022-00019312-00019376 25
x2947zCsYtg-00023-00019768-00021208 click this line click to place the dimension change to 32.
x2947zCsYtg-00024-00021208-00022584 click there and then you drag down to dimension 50.
x2947zCsYtg-00025-00023096-00023984 click the line and that line to give a 125 degree angle
x2947zCsYtg-00026-00024368-00024920 click you can check the dimension so now the sketch is fully defined
x2947zCsYtg-00027-00025216-00025704 if the sketch is under-defined some of the geometry will be blue
x2947zCsYtg-00028-00025927-00026248 under-defined geometry can be dragged to new location
x2947zCsYtg-00029-00026744-00026872 click from the feature tab
x2947zCsYtg-00030-00027327-00027392 extrude
x2947zCsYtg-00031-00027632-00027695 bos base
x2947zCsYtg-00032-00028104-00028527 and give a extrusion of 10mm click ok
x2947zCsYtg-00033-00028824-00029368 so the model is completed thanks for watching
x2ukIkqTSSk-00000-00000010-00000063 COMMISSIONERS ARE APPOINTED BY 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00001-00000063-00000070 COMMISSIONERS ARE APPOINTED BY   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00002-00000070-00000260 COMMISSIONERS ARE APPOINTED BY  THE GOVERNOR.
x2ukIkqTSSk-00003-00000260-00000266 COMMISSIONERS ARE APPOINTED BY  THE GOVERNOR.  
x2ukIkqTSSk-00004-00000266-00000366 COMMISSIONERS ARE APPOINTED BY  THE GOVERNOR. >>> ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS HAVE 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00005-00000366-00000373 THE GOVERNOR. >>> ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS HAVE   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00006-00000373-00000580 THE GOVERNOR. >>> ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS HAVE  GONE TO COURT TO CHALLENGE THE 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00007-00000580-00000587 >>> ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS HAVE  GONE TO COURT TO CHALLENGE THE   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00008-00000587-00000740 >>> ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS HAVE  GONE TO COURT TO CHALLENGE THE  STATE'S DECISION TO GRANT KEY 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00009-00000740-00000747 GONE TO COURT TO CHALLENGE THE  STATE'S DECISION TO GRANT KEY   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00010-00000747-00000847 GONE TO COURT TO CHALLENGE THE  STATE'S DECISION TO GRANT KEY  PERMITS FOR THE PROPOSED POLYMET
x2ukIkqTSSk-00011-00000847-00000854 STATE'S DECISION TO GRANT KEY  PERMITS FOR THE PROPOSED POLYMET  
x2ukIkqTSSk-00012-00000854-00001007 STATE'S DECISION TO GRANT KEY  PERMITS FOR THE PROPOSED POLYMET COPPER-NICKEL MINE IN 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00013-00001007-00001014 PERMITS FOR THE PROPOSED POLYMET COPPER-NICKEL MINE IN   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00014-00001014-00001114 PERMITS FOR THE PROPOSED POLYMET COPPER-NICKEL MINE IN  NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA.
x2ukIkqTSSk-00015-00001114-00001121 COPPER-NICKEL MINE IN  NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA.  
x2ukIkqTSSk-00016-00001121-00001327 COPPER-NICKEL MINE IN  NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA. THE MINNESOTA CENTER FOR 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00017-00001327-00001334 NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA. THE MINNESOTA CENTER FOR   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00018-00001334-00001488 NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA. THE MINNESOTA CENTER FOR  ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY AND ITS 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00019-00001488-00001494 THE MINNESOTA CENTER FOR  ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY AND ITS   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00020-00001494-00001701 THE MINNESOTA CENTER FOR  ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY AND ITS  ALLIES SAY THE PERMITS WOULD 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00021-00001701-00001708 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY AND ITS  ALLIES SAY THE PERMITS WOULD   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00022-00001708-00001915 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY AND ITS  ALLIES SAY THE PERMITS WOULD  ALLOW POLYMET TO THREATEN WATER 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00023-00001915-00001921 ALLIES SAY THE PERMITS WOULD  ALLOW POLYMET TO THREATEN WATER   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00024-00001921-00002075 ALLIES SAY THE PERMITS WOULD  ALLOW POLYMET TO THREATEN WATER  QUALITY DOWNSTREAM FOR 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00025-00002075-00002082 ALLOW POLYMET TO THREATEN WATER  QUALITY DOWNSTREAM FOR   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00026-00002082-00002235 ALLOW POLYMET TO THREATEN WATER  QUALITY DOWNSTREAM FOR  CENTURIES, THAT THEY FAIL TO 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00027-00002235-00002242 QUALITY DOWNSTREAM FOR  CENTURIES, THAT THEY FAIL TO   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00028-00002242-00002449 QUALITY DOWNSTREAM FOR  CENTURIES, THAT THEY FAIL TO  ADDRESS SAFETY CONCERNS ABOUT 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00029-00002449-00002455 CENTURIES, THAT THEY FAIL TO  ADDRESS SAFETY CONCERNS ABOUT   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00030-00002455-00002662 CENTURIES, THAT THEY FAIL TO  ADDRESS SAFETY CONCERNS ABOUT  THE MINE'S PROPOSED WASTE DAM, 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00031-00002662-00002669 ADDRESS SAFETY CONCERNS ABOUT  THE MINE'S PROPOSED WASTE DAM,   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00032-00002669-00002822 ADDRESS SAFETY CONCERNS ABOUT  THE MINE'S PROPOSED WASTE DAM,  AND THAT THEY FAIL TO PROTECT 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00033-00002822-00002829 THE MINE'S PROPOSED WASTE DAM,  AND THAT THEY FAIL TO PROTECT   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00034-00002829-00003096 THE MINE'S PROPOSED WASTE DAM,  AND THAT THEY FAIL TO PROTECT  TAXPAYERS FROM CLEANUP COSTS.
x2ukIkqTSSk-00035-00003096-00003103 AND THAT THEY FAIL TO PROTECT  TAXPAYERS FROM CLEANUP COSTS.  
x2ukIkqTSSk-00036-00003103-00003253 AND THAT THEY FAIL TO PROTECT  TAXPAYERS FROM CLEANUP COSTS. THE GROUP JOBS FOR MINNESOTANS 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00037-00003253-00003259 TAXPAYERS FROM CLEANUP COSTS. THE GROUP JOBS FOR MINNESOTANS   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00038-00003259-00003359 TAXPAYERS FROM CLEANUP COSTS. THE GROUP JOBS FOR MINNESOTANS  RELEASED A STATEMENT TODAY 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00039-00003359-00003366 THE GROUP JOBS FOR MINNESOTANS  RELEASED A STATEMENT TODAY   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00040-00003366-00003523 THE GROUP JOBS FOR MINNESOTANS  RELEASED A STATEMENT TODAY  CALLING THE APPEAL ONE MORE 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00041-00003523-00003530 RELEASED A STATEMENT TODAY  CALLING THE APPEAL ONE MORE   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00042-00003530-00003683 RELEASED A STATEMENT TODAY  CALLING THE APPEAL ONE MORE  ATTEMPT TO DELAY A CRITICAL 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00043-00003683-00003690 CALLING THE APPEAL ONE MORE  ATTEMPT TO DELAY A CRITICAL   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00044-00003690-00003837 CALLING THE APPEAL ONE MORE  ATTEMPT TO DELAY A CRITICAL  PROJECT FOR THE STATE THAT HAS 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00045-00003837-00003843 ATTEMPT TO DELAY A CRITICAL  PROJECT FOR THE STATE THAT HAS   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00046-00003843-00003997 ATTEMPT TO DELAY A CRITICAL  PROJECT FOR THE STATE THAT HAS  DEMONSTRATED IT CAN MEET OR 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00047-00003997-00004003 PROJECT FOR THE STATE THAT HAS  DEMONSTRATED IT CAN MEET OR   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00048-00004003-00004207 PROJECT FOR THE STATE THAT HAS  DEMONSTRATED IT CAN MEET OR  EXCEED REGULATORY STANDARDS.
x2ukIkqTSSk-00049-00004207-00004214 DEMONSTRATED IT CAN MEET OR  EXCEED REGULATORY STANDARDS.  
x2ukIkqTSSk-00050-00004214-00004317 DEMONSTRATED IT CAN MEET OR  EXCEED REGULATORY STANDARDS. IT SAID THE PROJECT DESERVES TO 
x2ukIkqTSSk-00051-00004317-00004324 EXCEED REGULATORY STANDARDS. IT SAID THE PROJECT DESERVES TO   
x2ukIkqTSSk-00052-00004324-00004371 EXCEED REGULATORY STANDARDS. IT SAID THE PROJECT DESERVES TO  MOVE AHEAD WITHOUT FURTHER 
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00000-00000002-00000580 "What are your thoughts on the fact that only fifteen million Bitcoin addresses hold more than $1 [of bitcoin],
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00001-00000580-00001240 and less than five million hold more than $100 worth?"
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00002-00001240-00001488 I have been seeing these statistics a lot.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00003-00001488-00002334 The implication here is that wealth is very unequally distributed within Bitcoin.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00004-00002334-00003296 "Five addresses alone hold billions of dollars!" "Most addresses have very small amounts!"
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00005-00003296-00004138 Well, here is [the truth]: addresses are not people.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00006-00004138-00004914 Despite this being obviously true, if you have done any research in this space, people still try to shoehorn...
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00007-00004914-00005314 these kinds of statistics to demonstrate [something],
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00008-00005314-00005838 that by [counting] the number of addresses and the amounts in them, they can draw a conclusion --
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00009-00005838-00006673 or, since it would be wrong to draw conclusions, implying [various] things -- in a very weasel way.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00010-00006673-00007836 Implying that this means wealth is concentrated, conclusions about the number of people who do 'x' or 'y.'
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00011-00007836-00008630 Here is why that is wrong: if you look at an organization like Coinbase, one of the largest exchanges, though...
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00012-00008630-00009056 this applies to all of the exchanges  [running] custodial accounts...
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00013-00009056-00009798 They have twelve to fourteen million customers. Do you think they have fourteen million addresses?
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00014-00009798-00010670 They do not. The vast majority of their funds are kept in a handful of addresses in cold storage.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00015-00010670-00011814 A company may only have a hundred and fifty bitcoin addresses holding the wealth of fourteen million users.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00016-00011814-00012518 That looks like an enormous concentration of wealth, but it doesn't belong to just a hundred and fifty users;
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00017-00012518-00013284 it belongs to fourteen million users, even though it is concentrated in the hundred and fifty addresses.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00018-00013284-00014119 Meanwhile, on the exact opposite end of the spectrum, how many addresses does a power use have,
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00019-00014119-00014910 who spends bitcoin on a daily basis, with a hardware wallet that uses a different address per transaction...
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00020-00014910-00015497 and generates change addresses, maybe  with both SegWit and [legacy] addresses,
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00021-00015497-00016646 across multiple wallets (a warm mobile wallet for operational expenses vs. a cold storage wallet)?
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00022-00016646-00017314 What would that user look like on the blockchain? Well, I am one of those [power users]. I can tell you.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00023-00017314-00018060 Over the past five years, I have probably  used twenty thousand bitcoin addresses.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00024-00018060-00018914 At any point in time, my wallets may have two, three, or five hundred bitcoin addresses...
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00025-00018914-00020094 with change and various small quantities less than a dollar each, maybe one to three dollars.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00026-00020094-00021004 [To a naïve journalist], that activity looks like a bunch of people who have very little bitcoin.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00027-00021004-00021468 And so they say "Fifteen million Bitcoin  addresses hold less than one dollar."
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00028-00021468-00022062 Well, I have a whole bunch of Bitcoin  addresses with less than a dollar in them.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00029-00022062-00023020 You cannot make these  conclusions [about wealth distribution] from statistics that divide or cluster...
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00030-00023020-00023534 addresses and values [to individual people];  you will [likely] draw the wrong conclusion every time.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00031-00023534-00024484 'Honey-Podge' points out, "The question  wasn't really about concentration of wealth."
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00032-00024484-00024934 "It was about how most people don't own their coins. Isn't that very dangerous to the network,
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00033-00024934-00025260 if there was a hack [of the custodial wallet]?" Yes. Okay.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00034-00025260-00025654 If that was the point of the question, I am sorry that I misunderstood it.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00035-00025654-00026702 For weeks now, I have seen those statistics being used to make some point about wealth distribution.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00036-00026702-00027726 Yes, you can use that data to show how custodial exchanges concentrate wealth in a few addresses.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00037-00027726-00028392 And yes, that is dangerous if there is a hack.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00038-00028392-00029038 Let me rephrase that. You asked, "Isn't that very dangerous to the network if there was a hack?"
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00039-00029038-00029866 It is not an "if," it is a "when." It is not dangerous to the network, but a lot of people will lose money.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00040-00029866-00030336 I think Bitcoin has shown great resilience, even with big hacks.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00041-00030336-00030982 Even if there is a hack, the money will get re-distributed back into the economy eventually.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00042-00030982-00031420 The network doesn't suffer, although a lot of people will lose their money.
x2vSr4WcOvQ-00043-00031420-00032094 It is very dangerous when there is a hack. It is not [a question of] 'if.'
x3TgYnbWZtY-00000-00000518-00000702 Hello, my name is Maria Brito,
x3TgYnbWZtY-00001-00000718-00001140 and I’m an art advisor, curator, designer, and author.
x3TgYnbWZtY-00002-00001330-00001736 To me, a radical woman  is a person who leads with the heart,
x3TgYnbWZtY-00003-00001748-00002139 is fearless, puts their talents out there  with a lot of passion,
x3TgYnbWZtY-00004-00002139-00002384 a lot of integrity, a lot of humility,
x3TgYnbWZtY-00005-00002418-00002682 and also wants to empower other women to succeed.
x3TgYnbWZtY-00006-00002870-00003294 My choice of a radical woman to nominate
x3TgYnbWZtY-00007-00003294-00003494 is my friend Mandy Gonzalez
x3TgYnbWZtY-00008-00003502-00003750 because she is an extraordinary actress,
x3TgYnbWZtY-00009-00003772-00003932 she’s on broadway, she’s on television.
x3TgYnbWZtY-00010-00003961-00004158 She’s a mother, she’s a wife,
x3TgYnbWZtY-00011-00004158-00004620 and she has helped me succeed too  because she’s willing to give her knowledge,
x3TgYnbWZtY-00012-00004620-00005192 her time, her passion, her contacts,  her wisdom, to other women.
x3TgYnbWZtY-00013-00005344-00005612 So Mandy please accept my nomination
x3TgYnbWZtY-00014-00005634-00005924 and nominate another radical woman
x3TgYnbWZtY-00015-00005924-00006288 so we can keep empowering  women around the world.
xqGhVqHcI40-00000-00000112-00000600 Hello fellow swingers! I m Seanlai. And you may know me from the lifestyle,
xqGhVqHcI40-00001-00000600-00001056 you might know me from my sex podcast, you might not know me at all, and that's okay.  I want to
xqGhVqHcI40-00002-00001056-00001561 talk to you about something that swingers don't talk about. And here s the thing. Nobody knows you
xqGhVqHcI40-00003-00001561-00002144 re listening to this so it's safe.  So this is my story, and maybe it'll help to hear it this way.
xqGhVqHcI40-00004-00002248-00003000 I was married to my best friend, I still am by the way, and we were passionate and we loved each
xqGhVqHcI40-00005-00003000-00003440 other so much. We loved each other so much that we decided to open up our relationship.
xqGhVqHcI40-00006-00003544-00004128 And we didn't expect it to be that fucking hot. It was so hot and it was so sexy and it was the best
xqGhVqHcI40-00007-00004128-00004752 sex of our lives, it was just perfect.   So we did what all swinger couples do,
xqGhVqHcI40-00008-00004752-00005344 we put an ad on SDC and SLS and we told everybody that we were best friends, and we never fought,
xqGhVqHcI40-00009-00005344-00005968 and we have no jealousies, and by God, we meant it. We also said we were a no drama couple,
xqGhVqHcI40-00010-00005968-00006504 which was absolutely true. So we went to party, after party, after party, and it got hotter and
xqGhVqHcI40-00011-00006504-00006816 hotter.  He d have sex with somebody, I d have sex with somebody, and then we would come home
xqGhVqHcI40-00012-00006816-00007520 and have the fucking hottest sex of our lives.   Then, out of nowhere, I started feeling
xqGhVqHcI40-00013-00007592-00008448 funny. Some people call it off, I call it funny.  I started hugging him a little tighter,
xqGhVqHcI40-00014-00008568-00009168 holding onto him a little more. And the more I did that, the more love he felt,
xqGhVqHcI40-00015-00009168-00009560 the more parties we went to, the more sex he had with other people, because we were so perfect.  
xqGhVqHcI40-00016-00009736-00010264 But I was struggling and I couldn't show anybody because, we all know the culture of the lifestyle
xqGhVqHcI40-00017-00010264-00010576 is everything is fine.  We don t want to be that drama couple.
xqGhVqHcI40-00018-00010576-00010952 We don t want to stir shit up. We don't want to have any fights in front of anybody,
xqGhVqHcI40-00019-00010952-00011840 so we don't.  But inside, I was wondering what if we lose what we have. Were we changing? Were we
xqGhVqHcI40-00020-00011840-00012232 more than just a lifestyle? Because it seems like the lifestyle was all we were doing these days.  
xqGhVqHcI40-00021-00012368-00012768 Then I would try to talk myself out of it, saying Okay, what are you doing? You knew that there was
xqGhVqHcI40-00022-00012768-00013232 a difference between sex and love, that hasn t changed, it s just new and shiny. and It s just
xqGhVqHcI40-00023-00013232-00014104 them getting strange.   But I still didn't feel right. And in this lifestyle, you can t
xqGhVqHcI40-00024-00014104-00014624 tell your parents, you can t tell your siblings, you can t really tell your vanilla best friend.
xqGhVqHcI40-00025-00014712-00015191 The only people you could theoretically tell are people in the lifestyle. But you can't tell them,
xqGhVqHcI40-00026-00015272-00015704 because if you tell them, then you disprove what you already said you were, which was perfect,
xqGhVqHcI40-00027-00015704-00016752 with no drama, best friends who never fight.   So instead, we d go home and fight. It would
xqGhVqHcI40-00028-00016752-00017344 start off with a stupid fight, like the dishes, or our son. And every single time, it would just
xqGhVqHcI40-00029-00017440-00017824 trail us back to that time we were at a party when he looked at somebody too long,
xqGhVqHcI40-00030-00017824-00018384 kissed them too long, fucked them too long, or whatever.  Promise you, I can drive you
xqGhVqHcI40-00031-00018440-00018984 to crazy town. And I drove myself crazy for a really, really, really long time.
xqGhVqHcI40-00032-00019056-00019400 And it was hard because the people that I knew would understand, wouldnt understand.
xqGhVqHcI40-00033-00019496-00019936 And it drove me crazy, and for a long time, that we had to pull out of the lifestyle so I could
xqGhVqHcI40-00034-00019936-00020600 find my footing and find me again.  Because what I learned was, the fuck-fuck was easy,
xqGhVqHcI40-00035-00020600-00021472 the penis-fuck, the vagina-fuck, that s easy.  It s the mind fuck that will
xqGhVqHcI40-00036-00021472-00021968 leave you lost.  It was the mind fuck that you didnt even know was getting ready to fuck you,
xqGhVqHcI40-00037-00021968-00022384 it s like getting raped by your mind. It s like, how the hell did this happen?  I was prepared, we
xqGhVqHcI40-00038-00022384-00022744 never had jealousy before, we re perfect, we love each other. What the fuck is this mind fuck?  
xqGhVqHcI40-00039-00022872-00023480 So if you re there, as I have been there on more than one occasion, by the way, come to my class.
xqGhVqHcI40-00040-00023560-00024240 I'm doing a masterclass specifically for this topic. June 5th, 12:30 Eastern time.  
xqGhVqHcI40-00041-00024312-00024736 You can be anonymous because nobody wants to know that you re not the perfect swinger couple that
xqGhVqHcI40-00042-00024736-00025184 they think you are. I encourage you to make up a fake name on your Zoom call and I encourage
xqGhVqHcI40-00043-00025184-00025656 you to put up any picture you want. You don't have to talk if you want and you can talk if
xqGhVqHcI40-00044-00025656-00026048 you want to. Nobody s going to recognize your voice.  That stupid show, The Masked Singer,
xqGhVqHcI40-00045-00026104-00026583 actually it s a great show but the point is, The Masked Singer showed the world that if
xqGhVqHcI40-00046-00026583-00026936 you can t see what somebody looks like, you have no idea what they sound like. So I promise you,
xqGhVqHcI40-00047-00026936-00027448 even if you re in the room with your neighbor swinger, they re not going to know.  You get to
xqGhVqHcI40-00048-00027448-00027927 be anonymous because I understand in this culture, how important that is. You can't be a party couple
xqGhVqHcI40-00049-00027927-00028504 if you're the fighting couple. I know this, that's why I'm doing this. Because I've been there.  
xqGhVqHcI40-00050-00028504-00029295 I have walked through the fires of lifestyle hell I didn't have anybody on my team.  My partner,
xqGhVqHcI40-00051-00029295-00029744 my husband was, but he was the one I was fighting about. I didn't have anybody that got it.  
xqGhVqHcI40-00052-00029895-00030488 I came up with tools. The rest of my story is, I am an alternative relationship strategist. I help
xqGhVqHcI40-00053-00030488-00031104 people in alternative relationships come up with strategies, because you already love them so much,
xqGhVqHcI40-00054-00031272-00031568 but maybe you re worried that they re going to have sex with somebody else and like it better
xqGhVqHcI40-00055-00031568-00032200 than you. Or maybe you re worried that they do it longer with them. Or he moans more when she
xqGhVqHcI40-00056-00032200-00032752 does this way fucking more than he does with you. And then there's the texting and then there s the
xqGhVqHcI40-00057-00032752-00033208 going to the party and then you re there. I ve been there, I promise you.  And I can tell you
xqGhVqHcI40-00058-00033208-00033784 this confidently. I've been at this for 20 years. We were lifestylers before we were married, folks.
xqGhVqHcI40-00059-00033928-00034376 I sit here and I promise you, I have learned.   Every wing I have, and I do have a beautiful set
xqGhVqHcI40-00060-00034376-00035104 of wings, where I sit today, he can do anything he wants with whoever he wants.  With me,
xqGhVqHcI40-00061-00035104-00035752 without me, in the room, out of the room, whatever it is, I am all of that. And the reason for that
xqGhVqHcI40-00062-00035816-00036368 is because I came up with the strategies, I came up with the tips, I came up with the ideas I
xqGhVqHcI40-00063-00036368-00036920 needed for myself that I share with people.   Sometimes I do it in private coaching,
xqGhVqHcI40-00064-00036920-00037376 but this is a masterclass. I gave the class not long ago, to vanilla s about something different,
xqGhVqHcI40-00065-00037432-00037864 but using very similar topics and everyone s bugging me about slides.  And I thought, there's
xqGhVqHcI40-00066-00037864-00038400 nobody in the world I want to help more than open relationship people because we have a whole set of
xqGhVqHcI40-00067-00038400-00039144 problems that no one talks about.  So here s the deal, it s been hard for a lot of people. It s $27
xqGhVqHcI40-00068-00039144-00039584 to come to my class and I know it s undervalued in terms of price versus what you re going to get.  
xqGhVqHcI40-00069-00039680-00040168 But I don t want price to be an issue. Because COVID has been hard. So it s $27 and if you leave
xqGhVqHcI40-00070-00040272-00040704 and do not have value, you send me an email and I ll give your money back.  Because there s too
xqGhVqHcI40-00071-00040704-00041120 many people in this world that need this and I want you to get your value and if you feel the
xqGhVqHcI40-00072-00041120-00041576 need to get your money back because you didn't get what you came for, I m in.  I m not for
xqGhVqHcI40-00073-00041576-00042264 everybody. But for the people who are here for me, I m here for you.  So, $27, June 5th. The class
xqGhVqHcI40-00074-00042264-00042680 will fill up because I m telling several different groups. They can be anonymous, so just giving you
xqGhVqHcI40-00075-00042680-00043072 a heads up. The class will fill up, if you want to be part of this, I d get your tickets now.
xuuFeHrAW7U-00000-00000584-00001288 Over the course of this week we’ve introduced the idea of a Rule of Life and
xuuFeHrAW7U-00001-00001288-00002042 we’ve used the metaphor of a garden or a garden plot to think about our lives
xuuFeHrAW7U-00002-00002042-00002638 and think about the kind of plants that we want to encourage the growth of
xuuFeHrAW7U-00003-00002638-00003184 in these garden plots and perhaps also the kind of weeds that we might want to take out.
xuuFeHrAW7U-00004-00003329-00003960 So how can we make this garden plot flourish?  How can we make it abundant and fruitful?
xuuFeHrAW7U-00005-00004061-00004544 So at the end of this week you have a chance to look back over the week.
xuuFeHrAW7U-00006-00004544-00005140 We’ve talked about what a Rule of Life is and we’ve looked at some different kinds of Rule of Life.
xuuFeHrAW7U-00007-00005140-00005802 What are the ideas that have kind of stuck in your mind?  What has grabbed your attention?
xuuFeHrAW7U-00008-00005802-00006228 And what are some of the suggestions or ideas or
xuuFeHrAW7U-00009-00006228-00006704 images or metaphors that have seemed useful to you?
xuuFeHrAW7U-00010-00006704-00007398 So gather them up now and think in terms of gathering these as “seeds” and putting them in a packet
xuuFeHrAW7U-00011-00007398-00007694 and you’re going to sow them in the weeks to come
xuuFeHrAW7U-00012-00007694-00008276 as we go through the process of developing this garden plot.
xym29CYDIA4-00000-00000068-00000608 Briggs Library has access to a couple hundred databases to help you find articles, books,
xym29CYDIA4-00001-00000608-00000931 and other forms of information on a topic.
xym29CYDIA4-00002-00000931-00001479 We pay for access to many of these databases so you will have access only as long as you
xym29CYDIA4-00003-00001479-00001854 are a current student or employee of SDSU
xym29CYDIA4-00004-00001854-00002312 and, when off-campus, you will need to loginto them.
xym29CYDIA4-00005-00002313-00002621 When needed, you will be prompted to log in.
xym29CYDIA4-00006-00002621-00003379 Use your e-mail username (minus the @jacks.sdstate.edu) and password.
xym29CYDIA4-00007-00003379-00003947 This works for both databases that help you find articles on a topic and specific journals.
xym29CYDIA4-00008-00003947-00004555 Once you have logged in to one database or journal, you should not have to log in again
xym29CYDIA4-00009-00004555-00004905 unless you close your browser.
xym29CYDIA4-00010-00004905-00005480 The Articles tab of the research guide lists a number of the databases that are most relevant
xym29CYDIA4-00011-00005480-00005586 to Health and Nutrition Science.
xym29CYDIA4-00012-00005586-00006351 They are divided into general databases that cover all areas in the department fairly well.
xym29CYDIA4-00013-00006351-00006783 Then there are a group of databases that are especially good for health-related fields
xym29CYDIA4-00014-00006783-00006997 including nutrition.
xym29CYDIA4-00015-00006997-00007375 Sports related databases are listed next.
xym29CYDIA4-00016-00007375-00007945 In addition to these divisions, there are also tabs at the top of the box for secondary
xym29CYDIA4-00017-00007945-00008211 databases and journals.
xym29CYDIA4-00018-00008211-00008853 The secondary databases tab includes some general databases that are not the best places
xym29CYDIA4-00019-00008853-00009450 to start research but are still likely to include information that is useful.
xym29CYDIA4-00020-00009450-00010006 The Specific Journals tab is not an inclusive list of journals relevant to the fields covered
xym29CYDIA4-00021-00010006-00010518 in this guide but list several of the major databases in these fields.
xym29CYDIA4-00022-00010518-00011113 For the most part, you will want to look for articles and use databases for that search
xym29CYDIA4-00023-00011113-00011400 rather than searching one specific journal.
xym29CYDIA4-00024-00011400-00012056 The databases will provide access to the full-text of the article if we have it in most cases.
xym29CYDIA4-00025-00012056-00012496 Let’s take a look at a couple databases.
xym29CYDIA4-00026-00012496-00013046 PubMed is a free database produced by the National Library of Medicine.
xym29CYDIA4-00027-00013046-00013534 This is one of the really nice ones that you will have access to wherever you go.
xym29CYDIA4-00028-00013534-00014084 The disadvantage of this database is that the search interface is not as well developed
xym29CYDIA4-00029-00014084-00014406 as in some of our paid databases.
xym29CYDIA4-00030-00014406-00014678 You can simply type your search in the basic search
xym29CYDIA4-00031-00014690-00015082 or click the advanced to get a couple more options.
xym29CYDIA4-00032-00015082-00015695 Before I type anything in, let’s think about what we type in first.
xym29CYDIA4-00033-00015695-00016209 Most people want to type in their search statement or question but in most databases, this is
xym29CYDIA4-00034-00016210-00016562 not the best way to search. You will often get better results
xym29CYDIA4-00035-00016562-00017194 if you select the terms or concepts that you want to search individually.
xym29CYDIA4-00036-00017195-00017834 For instance, if I wanted to write a paper on college students and fat focusing primarily
xym29CYDIA4-00037-00017834-00018445 on those students who are using campus dining facilities, typing that topic in would provide
xym29CYDIA4-00038-00018445-00018944 fairly poor results (0 results to be precise).
xym29CYDIA4-00039-00018944-00019430 There are too many words for the database to parse out what I really want and it tries
xym29CYDIA4-00040-00019430-00019680 to search too many terms.
xym29CYDIA4-00041-00019680-00020179 If I can determine the key concepts and use those, I will get better results.
xym29CYDIA4-00042-00020179-00020990 In my example, I have college students, fats, and campus dining as concepts.
xym29CYDIA4-00043-00020990-00021315 I’ll try using those.
xym29CYDIA4-00044-00021315-00021660 Remember in the introductory video when I quickly covered grouping?
xym29CYDIA4-00045-00021660-00022320 I have a couple phrases that I want to search as a phrase so I’ll use quotation marks
xym29CYDIA4-00046-00022320-00022574 with college students and campus dining.
xym29CYDIA4-00047-00022574-00022715 I’ll also use the asterisk with fat.
xym29CYDIA4-00048-00022715-00022910 I still get no results.
xym29CYDIA4-00049-00022910-00023357 There are a number of things I could do right now but I’m fairly sure that my problem
xym29CYDIA4-00050-00023357-00023893 is the campus dining part of my search so I’m going to eliminate that.
xym29CYDIA4-00051-00023893-00024159 Now I get 40 results.
xym29CYDIA4-00052-00024159-00024649 This kind of try it and see what works and then adjust it a bit and try again method
xym29CYDIA4-00053-00024649-00024931 is typical of the search process.
xym29CYDIA4-00054-00024931-00025434 If I were really writing this paper, I’d look through the 40 results and see what I
xym29CYDIA4-00055-00025434-00025540 was getting.
xym29CYDIA4-00056-00025540-00026038 We’ll look at the results in a bit to see if there is anything worthwhile.
xym29CYDIA4-00057-00026038-00026647 In the meantime, campus dining seems to be an issue – how would I include that in my
xym29CYDIA4-00058-00026647-00026747 topic?
xym29CYDIA4-00059-00026747-00027361 In this case, I went through the 40 results just looking at titles to see if one had college
xym29CYDIA4-00060-00027361-00027618 dining as a concept.
xym29CYDIA4-00061-00027618-00027969 Way at the bottom of my list are three that do.
xym29CYDIA4-00062-00027969-00028524 I am going to open one of the records and look at the subject headings to see what terms
xym29CYDIA4-00063-00028524-00028862 PubMed uses to describe my topics.
xym29CYDIA4-00064-00028862-00029466 I have the option to look at MeSH terms (that stands for Medical Subject Headings).
xym29CYDIA4-00065-00029466-00030012 Other than the term “Universities” there isn’t much there to help.
xym29CYDIA4-00066-00030012-00030300 The articles used the term “college meals”
xym29CYDIA4-00067-00030300-00030827 so I’ll try searching that with the fats concept.
xym29CYDIA4-00068-00030828-00031187 Now I just get the three articles I found before.
xym29CYDIA4-00069-00031187-00031750 In real life, I would brainstorm more terms for campus dining or college meals
xym29CYDIA4-00070-00031750-00032000 and try some more searches.
xym29CYDIA4-00071-00032000-00032273 You may have to do quite a few searches.
xym29CYDIA4-00072-00032273-00032516 If I really can’t find more information,
xym29CYDIA4-00073-00032516-00032886 I might think of other databases that could provide more.
xym29CYDIA4-00074-00032887-00033558 In this case, I’d probably try the ERIC database – one that is in the general databases
xym29CYDIA4-00075-00033558-00033768 and focuses on education.
xym29CYDIA4-00076-00033768-00034394 I’d probably also try searching the search bar on the library’s homepage – more on
xym29CYDIA4-00077-00034394-00034572 that in a moment.
xym29CYDIA4-00078-00034572-00035127 The key to this example is that I have to try searching multiple places using different
xym29CYDIA4-00079-00035127-00035450 terms to find the information I need.
xym29CYDIA4-00080-00035450-00035990 I may also need to use some articles that eliminate one of the concepts I would like
xym29CYDIA4-00081-00035990-00036556 in my topic. I may need to use articles on college students and fats
xym29CYDIA4-00082-00036556-00037048 and focus less on campus dining.
xym29CYDIA4-00083-00037049-00037596 At a more advanced level, it is often best to search individual databases so you have
xym29CYDIA4-00084-00037596-00037836 the most control over your search.
xym29CYDIA4-00085-00037836-00038463 Sometimes, however, it is a good idea to search a conglomeration of databases such as the
xym29CYDIA4-00086-00038463-00038866 set you search from our main page.
xym29CYDIA4-00087-00038866-00039372 If I do my original search of “college students” fat “campus dining”
xym29CYDIA4-00088-00039372-00039818 I do actually come up with some results using this.
xym29CYDIA4-00089-00039832-00040324 This search includes the library catalog so you will get books and other materials from
xym29CYDIA4-00090-00040325-00040853 our collection as well as articles from several article databases.
xym29CYDIA4-00091-00040853-00041380 You have options of focusing your search on the left of the screen but be aware that not
xym29CYDIA4-00092-00041380-00041938 all the databases being searched can limit the same ways so you may still end up with
xym29CYDIA4-00093-00041938-00042543 items that don’t meet your criteria in your set or you may eliminate perfectly good articles
xym29CYDIA4-00094-00042543-00042744 and not find out about them.
xym29CYDIA4-00095-00042744-00043338 While I didn’t point these facets out in PubMed, they are there too.
xym29CYDIA4-00096-00043338-00044009 These facets do help focus a search when you are using just one database.
xym29CYDIA4-00097-00044009-00044515 While we are looking at these results, let’s look at how to get the full text of an article
xym29CYDIA4-00098-00044515-00044672 or find a book or video.
xym29CYDIA4-00099-00044672-00044969 I’ll start with articles.
xym29CYDIA4-00100-00044969-00045358 Note on the first article the “Full text options” link.
xym29CYDIA4-00101-00045358-00045634 You can click on that to get citation information,
xym29CYDIA4-00102-00045640-00046136 the full text options, and then the abstract.
xym29CYDIA4-00103-00046146-00046636 In looking at the second one, there are several choices for full text.
xym29CYDIA4-00104-00046636-00047198 I usually go with the first one listed because we have this list ordered
xym29CYDIA4-00105-00047198-00047556 so the most reliable links come first.
xym29CYDIA4-00106-00047556-00047831 I altered my search to get a book.
xym29CYDIA4-00107-00047831-00048359 Note that to find books, you often have to search a broader topic – since they are
xym29CYDIA4-00108-00048359-00048700 longer, the topics covered are broader.
xym29CYDIA4-00109-00048700-00049243 I can click the title or the “Available at” line to check the availability of the
xym29CYDIA4-00110-00049243-00049599 book as well as its location.
xym29CYDIA4-00111-00049599-00050218 Be sure to note both the location (such as Books/Upper Level), the call number,
xym29CYDIA4-00112-00050218-00050544 and whether it is on the shelf or not.
xym29CYDIA4-00113-00050544-00051078 Sometimes you might find things that we do not have access to.
xym29CYDIA4-00114-00051078-00051433 Note the article that says “No full text.”
xym29CYDIA4-00115-00051433-00051780 Fortunately, you can still get the article if you need it.
xym29CYDIA4-00116-00051780-00052347 If you give us a few days, we can often get articles or books from another library.
xym29CYDIA4-00117-00052348-00052976 When I click on the “No full text” link, I am given the option of signing in to the database.
xym29CYDIA4-00118-00052991-00053317 Most databases do not require you to do this
xym29CYDIA4-00119-00053317-00053746 but the search from the library’s main webpage does.
xym29CYDIA4-00120-00053747-00054107 Log in and you will be given the option to request the item.
xym29CYDIA4-00121-00054107-00054958 There is a bit more information on interlibrary loan on the articles tab of the HNS guide.
xym29CYDIA4-00122-00054958-00055537 I want to just mention the OregonPDF in Health and Performance database.
xym29CYDIA4-00123-00055537-00056116 That is an odd database that indexes theses and dissertations from universities around
xym29CYDIA4-00124-00056116-00056587 the U.S. that deal with health and performance topics.
xym29CYDIA4-00125-00056587-00057245 We have them on microfilm but they are increasingly also online.
xym29CYDIA4-00126-00057245-00057784 Next there is a short video on why you should be using the library databases like the ones
xym29CYDIA4-00127-00057784-00058007 I’ve shown you rather than Google.
xFe9E5PI2cM-00000-00000000-00000088 bless monkey
xFe9E5PI2cM-00001-00000088-00000144 drdargo
xFe9E5PI2cM-00002-00000144-00000200 channel
xGgBftVVLSI-00000-00000000-00000656 morning traders or i'm sorry good afternoon traders um and uh let's uh get started here
xGgBftVVLSI-00001-00000656-00001448 so this is a webinar with a new trader we've onboarded here uh jackson hunter trading stocks
xGgBftVVLSI-00002-00001544-00002416 and very interesting strategies here with just two stocks uh gme and amc which have made you know
xGgBftVVLSI-00003-00002416-00003032 tons of headlines for all sorts of reasons uh over the last uh i don't know a year and a half or so
xGgBftVVLSI-00004-00003096-00003952 um but uh so you know get your questions in uh we're gonna uh see what uh jackson has to say and
xGgBftVVLSI-00005-00003952-00004768 then uh go through the um uh you know questions with him and and uh a little q a session uh he's
xGgBftVVLSI-00006-00004768-00005376 a musician skateboarder youtuber uh he's been writing performing music for over 20 years um
xGgBftVVLSI-00007-00005376-00006144 uh opened for artists like big sean uh yellow wolf a machine gun kelly the game uh griselda and more
xGgBftVVLSI-00008-00006144-00006776 recently he's been covering amc and gamestop stops stocks via youtube true advocate of socioeconomic
xGgBftVVLSI-00009-00006776-00007184 advancement he wants every individual to have the tools to upgrade their life situation
xGgBftVVLSI-00010-00007248-00007976 no matter where they're starting from and i have his information here i'll be putting this into the
xGgBftVVLSI-00011-00007976-00008544 chat for you so you have his youtube his twitter and also his discord here if you want to reach out
xGgBftVVLSI-00012-00008544-00009208 to him on our discord channel or on his discord channel so yeah let's uh let's get started let me
xGgBftVVLSI-00013-00009304-00009984 start displaying his screen and then we will get rolling here with a q a session
xGgBftVVLSI-00014-00011480-00011528 all right
xGgBftVVLSI-00015-00011752-00012360 so uh let's see here yeah looks good uh so go for it jackson
xGgBftVVLSI-00016-00012496-00013104 thank you so much bruce i appreciate you guys for having me man um i gotta say off the bat i'm not a
xGgBftVVLSI-00017-00013224-00013991 trading expert uh i'm just a guy that believes in advancing your life socioeconomically and
xGgBftVVLSI-00018-00013991-00014552 the stock market for me has turned out to be um the best way to do that and i've tried a
xGgBftVVLSI-00019-00014552-00015519 lot of ways so uh i became immersed into the amc movement specifically in february so 13 months ago
xGgBftVVLSI-00020-00015608-00016247 and it's been a a very gnarly ride i'm from california so i talk like a surfer but i
xGgBftVVLSI-00021-00016247-00017056 don't surf but um it's just been an insane movement i'm sure you guys are aware and
xGgBftVVLSI-00022-00017056-00017600 a lot of people believe that it's manipulated some people have other beliefs on it i have my own and
xGgBftVVLSI-00023-00017600-00018064 it's all based on just countless hours of research on the stock and
xGgBftVVLSI-00024-00018064-00018944 um you know i i think of amc and gme as the same stock different ticker um they have very similar
xGgBftVVLSI-00025-00018944-00019648 movements over the past uh 12 months plus and uh that's what i cover on my youtube channel you can
xGgBftVVLSI-00026-00019648-00020368 check it out it's just jackson hunter no spaces um subscribe to that i do daily updates um i used to
xGgBftVVLSI-00027-00020368-00021000 live stream more than i do now but it's kind of more just a a waiting game with these two stocks
xGgBftVVLSI-00028-00021000-00021424 in mind and by the way i'm not a financial advisor this is not financial advice please do not make
xGgBftVVLSI-00029-00021424-00021928 investments based on what i say um but i really appreciate you guys having me here the bookmap
xGgBftVVLSI-00030-00021928-00022616 is super awesome uh you can't see the stuff that you can see on bookmap on trading view or
xGgBftVVLSI-00031-00022728-00023264 a myriad of other platforms for that matter so the very fact that you can zoom in and you can
xGgBftVVLSI-00032-00023264-00023912 see transactions happening at the millisecond if not nanosecond level it's it keeps up with
xGgBftVVLSI-00033-00023912-00024448 high frequency trading to a great deal which is in my eyes unprecedented and
xGgBftVVLSI-00034-00024504-00024944 bear in mind i've only been investing for a year and a half or i've only been trading
xGgBftVVLSI-00035-00024944-00025664 uh for like 18 months but uh i've just never seen anything like this so um i love it and the
xGgBftVVLSI-00036-00025664-00026352 dots remind me of dippin dots as well so that's always cool um but uh bruce if you want me to
xGgBftVVLSI-00037-00026352-00026880 get into ta i can do that or if you guys want to ask me questions i can do whatever you guys want
xGgBftVVLSI-00038-00027095-00027632 yeah i'm thinking um let's see if there's any questions here to begin with and then um i'm
xGgBftVVLSI-00039-00027632-00028216 just thinking we're gonna you know i'll start asking you questions and you start to go through
xGgBftVVLSI-00040-00028272-00028880 what you're looking at and you know what you find interesting here and take the discussion forward
xGgBftVVLSI-00041-00029024-00029616 for sure my my perspective is probably going to be a little unorthodox compared to your traditional
xGgBftVVLSI-00042-00029616-00030272 investor because my uh price targets are quite high on both these stocks but um you know
xGgBftVVLSI-00043-00030408-00030880 they it's still the ta still works until the squeeze happens you know
xGgBftVVLSI-00044-00030880-00031383 once the squeeze happens the ta is pretty much out of the window until it has established support and
xGgBftVVLSI-00045-00031383-00032039 resistance levels and um all that sort of stuff but uh and and we can look at mullen too um
xGgBftVVLSI-00046-00032095-00032760 i'm playing options on mullen and bbig uh mullen had some really interesting price movement today i
xGgBftVVLSI-00047-00032760-00033304 think it did two bull pennants right after another um but yeah let's open it up for questions man
xGgBftVVLSI-00048-00033480-00034168 yeah i mean so like when you're um you know like game stop here is is it so today it
xGgBftVVLSI-00049-00034168-00034928 broke below 100 uh and um uh you know kind of you know trickled on down to about 93
xGgBftVVLSI-00050-00034928-00035760 and a and a half or 93 you know 3 35 as you can see um but um you know what how did you
xGgBftVVLSI-00051-00035976-00036448 well first off maybe maybe we could just start with the back story which is uh fascinating in
xGgBftVVLSI-00052-00036448-00037280 itself like how did you come across um looking at these stocks like uh and and this got you um
xGgBftVVLSI-00053-00037352-00038200 involved into the stock market yeah for sure so i was just trading i i got my introduction to the
xGgBftVVLSI-00054-00038200-00038696 stock market with options so i just jumped in and i really had no idea what i was doing but
xGgBftVVLSI-00055-00038696-00039320 i learned a lot i joined discord speaking of discords um and it was like eight bucks a week
xGgBftVVLSI-00056-00039320-00039872 and they would give us trade ideas and they taught us a whole lot about options and so
xGgBftVVLSI-00057-00039928-00040728 that's what i learned um from the jump the options game and uh then let's see so i did that for a few
xGgBftVVLSI-00058-00040728-00041288 months i lost a couple thousand dollars you know it's called payoneer tuition everybody everybody
xGgBftVVLSI-00059-00041288-00041944 loses money at first and then i transitioned into trading mainly shares i still like options
xGgBftVVLSI-00060-00041944-00042432 from time to time but it doesn't make up 100 of my portfolio like i used to but i transitioned
xGgBftVVLSI-00061-00042432-00043176 into trading shares um actually like right before i got into amc so january 2021 last year
xGgBftVVLSI-00062-00043232-00043920 um and i had call options on amc when when the stocks were when the securities were pco'd
xGgBftVVLSI-00063-00043920-00044472 by uh more than a dozen broker dealers so i had i had a small position i had a couple
xGgBftVVLSI-00064-00044472-00045048 call options i didn't have shares at the time um and then when i heard news of the pco which
xGgBftVVLSI-00065-00045048-00045688 for anybody that's not uh aware it's position close only which i wouldn't expect you to be
xGgBftVVLSI-00066-00045688-00046256 aware of that because it doesn't happen a whole lot and it was like it was like um the first time
xGgBftVVLSI-00067-00046392-00047008 to my knowledge that somebody took the buy button away only like only the buy button it
xGgBftVVLSI-00068-00047008-00047792 wasn't halted completely it was only one side of the trade was taken away and i was by no means a
xGgBftVVLSI-00069-00047792-00048328 professional in the market at all and i had very little understanding of how it worked but even i
xGgBftVVLSI-00070-00048328-00048872 could tell that i mean dude that's just a slap in the face to the little guy to the retail investor
xGgBftVVLSI-00071-00048928-00049552 um it's it's blatantly corrupt and i won't say criminal because that's not my role i'm not
xGgBftVVLSI-00072-00049552-00050112 a judge that's not my that's not what i do but that's up to other people to determine that but
xGgBftVVLSI-00073-00050176-00050800 as soon as i knew that they took the buy button away i went people are gonna be livid about this
xGgBftVVLSI-00074-00050800-00051367 and people are gonna jump into this stock even more than they did and by the way in january
xGgBftVVLSI-00075-00051432-00051984 um there were only what was the number it was something insane there were only uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00076-00052096-00052752 like man like 10 000 robin hood accounts that held gme in the beginning of january 2021
xGgBftVVLSI-00077-00052752-00053367 by the end of the month there were 900 000 accounts just on robin hood holding gme and
xGgBftVVLSI-00078-00053367-00054232 so it 90xed in in less than 30 days so like just a tidal wave of retail investor buying pressure
xGgBftVVLSI-00079-00054288-00054855 and and then the sec concluded that it wasn't a short squeeze uh they even said it wasn't a
xGgBftVVLSI-00080-00054855-00055391 gamma squeeze either it was just organic buying pressure which is pretty fascinating if you think
xGgBftVVLSI-00081-00055391-00056264 about it because it went from about 20 bucks to 500 intraday on january 28th and so um yeah bruce
xGgBftVVLSI-00082-00056264-00056920 i uh i can talk a lot but i'll just keep this one short i it was the most blatant form of corruption
xGgBftVVLSI-00083-00056920-00057512 i'd ever seen in my life and then i started seeing on the news and on twitter and you know even like
xGgBftVVLSI-00084-00057512-00057991 big name celebrities they were talking about and they were pissed off and everybody was pissed off
xGgBftVVLSI-00085-00057991-00058791 except for the rich people and and um there's this there's this mis mis um misinterpretation
xGgBftVVLSI-00086-00058791-00059367 of you know i'm part of the eighth movement right and there's a lot of mis misinterpretations that
xGgBftVVLSI-00087-00059367-00059904 we're occult and we hate rich people and like and all these like ridiculous things that are not true
xGgBftVVLSI-00088-00059904-00060367 and like if anybody sat down with me for like 10 minutes you'd realize i'm just a normal dude
xGgBftVVLSI-00089-00060367-00060800 trying to get ahead in life and that's that's that that's the entire eight movement it's as
xGgBftVVLSI-00090-00060800-00061360 simple as that but people people thought it was this and that and it really wasn't that but um
xGgBftVVLSI-00091-00061432-00062072 you know i saw what happened and i thought hey this looks like a great investment i bought in
xGgBftVVLSI-00092-00062072-00062632 when it was at five dollars a share i mean i didn't see theaters going away especially
xGgBftVVLSI-00093-00062632-00063264 the number one theater company in the world um so i saw a super a super
xGgBftVVLSI-00094-00063264-00063855 advantageous risk to reward profile on this stock better than one i'd ever seen in my life and
xGgBftVVLSI-00095-00063944-00064448 i'd been in some pretty big plays before that like prague was a pretty no-brainer uh i hit
xGgBftVVLSI-00096-00064448-00065064 bbig recently on one of its recent run-ups you know but the the risk to reward that i saw was
xGgBftVVLSI-00097-00065120-00065832 well you're losing five bucks a share in case they go bankrupt uh the reward is maybe the moaz
xGgBftVVLSI-00098-00065832-00066416 happens and you become um wealthy and you get to do what you want for the rest of your life
xGgBftVVLSI-00099-00066416-00066984 and you know that's everybody's goal right some of the guys listening might want to trade for
xGgBftVVLSI-00100-00066984-00067576 the rest of their life that's not me i i don't i see trading as a way to acquire money to free
xGgBftVVLSI-00101-00067576-00068184 up time to do what you actually want or at least what i actually want so um yeah i bought my first
xGgBftVVLSI-00102-00068184-00069040 shares of amc the middle of february and then i uploaded a spontaneous technical analysis video on
xGgBftVVLSI-00103-00069040-00069696 amc uh february 27th i'll never forget the date my girlfriend was having a drink down the street
xGgBftVVLSI-00104-00069696-00070344 at a bar i'm sober so i don't drink so i was just home and i was cooking dinner and literally
xGgBftVVLSI-00105-00070520-00071088 by the time the i was cooking uh fish in the oven by the time the fish had come out of the oven the
xGgBftVVLSI-00106-00071088-00071760 video was done it was uploaded like i didn't think much of it at all and the next day i woke up with
xGgBftVVLSI-00107-00071760-00072344 6 000 views and i doubled my subscriber count and uh before that and like nobody knew who i
xGgBftVVLSI-00108-00072344-00073192 was on the internet um and then i just made daily updates and my life has been a a movie ever since
xGgBftVVLSI-00109-00073440-00074008 oh my god that is a hollywood story you're from la and it has to deal with a theater stock um
xGgBftVVLSI-00110-00074120-00075000 yeah yeah yeah nice combination uh there um so uh yeah uh guys if you have any questions
xGgBftVVLSI-00111-00075000-00075864 uh you know uh get in here and um uh you know ask away um i have plenty of questions for you i mean
xGgBftVVLSI-00112-00075864-00076560 we can just do the whole session here um i'm just really uh you know curious that that
xGgBftVVLSI-00113-00076560-00077344 so you you got involved into this stock um you also got uh you know a lot of uh uh support and
xGgBftVVLSI-00114-00077344-00077960 feedback um from the uh from the videos it's just like okay we'll just let's just do more of that
xGgBftVVLSI-00115-00077960-00078688 but what's really curious is now in the bigger picture this has been your kind of foothold
xGgBftVVLSI-00116-00078688-00079352 uh into looking for this again and again so now you're starting to now you're not looking at two
xGgBftVVLSI-00117-00079352-00079984 stocks um now you're looking at other stocks and you're looking for similar patterns yeah
xGgBftVVLSI-00118-00080112-00080624 yeah yeah that's that's fantastic i mean so what is it exactly that you start to kind
xGgBftVVLSI-00119-00080624-00081176 of look for um in general like these other two stocks that you're you're talking about
xGgBftVVLSI-00120-00081304-00081896 yeah that's a phenomenal question so i don't hold shares in any other stocks than amc
xGgBftVVLSI-00121-00081896-00082456 and jimmy but i do play options on other plays and i was telling my girl the other night like
xGgBftVVLSI-00122-00082456-00083184 like all i play is short squeeze plays and um and it's because like i'm not trying to day
xGgBftVVLSI-00123-00083184-00083736 trade and like be on my phone all day and you know i do other stuff and i'm like um
xGgBftVVLSI-00124-00083736-00084408 you know i i write a lot and like this is just not it's not a stock trading is not a passion of mine
xGgBftVVLSI-00125-00084408-00085032 it's fun and you know it's it's a good thing it's fun to learn and i've learned so much it's insane
xGgBftVVLSI-00126-00085032-00085552 but um there's there's other things i'd rather do with my time and so i'd rather bank on the short
xGgBftVVLSI-00127-00085552-00086368 squeezes um and just get out of the market and move on with my life so what do i look for so um
xGgBftVVLSI-00128-00086432-00087072 recently i just mentioned i played prague and that was a big squeeze made like made very good
xGgBftVVLSI-00129-00087072-00087632 percentage gains on the call options on those and then uh recently i'm in mullen automotive
xGgBftVVLSI-00130-00087632-00088392 which is an electric car company uh very um i wouldn't say they're new but they're new as in
xGgBftVVLSI-00131-00088392-00088936 i don't think they've made a single sale uh so kind of how tesla was a few years back or maybe
xGgBftVVLSI-00132-00088936-00089480 a decade back whenever it was um and then i'm in bbig which is vinco ventures which is kind of like
xGgBftVVLSI-00133-00089536-00090208 india's version of tick tock and uh they're waiting for a an interesting situation with that
xGgBftVVLSI-00134-00090264-00090744 i don't really need to go over that like the the kryptide dividend it's a interesting thing
xGgBftVVLSI-00135-00090744-00091344 going on so what do i look for um it's funny there's another guy in the amc community that has
xGgBftVVLSI-00136-00091344-00092248 like a mathematical um formula to look for short squeeze plays and if it checks all the
xGgBftVVLSI-00137-00092248-00092872 marks all the boxes then there's a high potential for a short squeeze um and i i don't remember it
xGgBftVVLSI-00138-00092872-00093672 off the top of my head but a lot of it has to do like for me i will look at sentiment online so i'm
xGgBftVVLSI-00139-00093672-00094312 very into psychology and it's it's trend-based trading and when i say that i'm not talking
xGgBftVVLSI-00140-00094312-00094816 about up trends and downtrends i'm talking about trends on the internet like that's that's where
xGgBftVVLSI-00141-00094816-00095576 we are evolving to um amc and gme were arguably the first ones after roaring kitty keith gill
xGgBftVVLSI-00142-00095640-00096280 talked about it on his youtube channel it it created this stampede of retail buying pressure
xGgBftVVLSI-00143-00096280-00097000 and and so that was a buy off of an internet trend in you know we all know that once something gets
xGgBftVVLSI-00144-00097000-00097504 trending it can go viral very quickly and the whole world can know about it and so
xGgBftVVLSI-00145-00097504-00098216 honestly the the main thing i look for is social sentiment via online mediums like uh twitter
xGgBftVVLSI-00146-00098216-00099168 and um and instagram and uh reddit as well and um you can like you can almost get a you can like
xGgBftVVLSI-00147-00099168-00099624 feel it when when people are about to go heavy into a stock you know um
xGgBftVVLSI-00148-00099744-00100312 and then there's also that adage where it's like add when sad and and sell when everybody's super
xGgBftVVLSI-00149-00100312-00100760 happy and exuberant and celebrating so you got to be careful of that as well because
xGgBftVVLSI-00150-00100760-00101160 people can get too excited and they think there's more room for it to run and then it
xGgBftVVLSI-00151-00101160-00101816 it just crumbles from there uh but yeah i look for sentiment online that's a huge thing uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00152-00101816-00102368 but like technically speaking and and i have learned a lot about the stock market which is
xGgBftVVLSI-00153-00102368-00102768 might surprise some people as well i've like i've gone down too many rabbit holes and i
xGgBftVVLSI-00154-00102768-00103440 really wanted to but uh so short exempt volume is like a gigantic one uh and the short exempt volume
xGgBftVVLSI-00155-00103440-00104200 on mullen was insane recently uh and then last so what day is today today is friday every day feels
xGgBftVVLSI-00156-00104200-00104976 the same for the last 13 months so uh last monday mullins transactional volume was over 600 million
xGgBftVVLSI-00157-00105032-00105783 on the day now there's only 35 million shares outstanding so it it traded the total shares
xGgBftVVLSI-00158-00105840-00106432 17 times over in one day and if there's somebody in this room that can help me understand that
xGgBftVVLSI-00159-00106432-00106992 a little bit better because honestly i can't explain that happening without the existence
xGgBftVVLSI-00160-00106992-00107552 of synthetic shares and then the very next day it did over 500 million so that that
xGgBftVVLSI-00161-00107552-00108128 was over 14 times the shares outstanding for the whole company were traded one day
xGgBftVVLSI-00162-00108200-00108600 and then every day since then it's traded the shares outstanding multiple times so
xGgBftVVLSI-00163-00108656-00109432 um which proportionately to amc's bump i like to call it in january 2021 i think they did
xGgBftVVLSI-00164-00109432-00110072 1.25 billion volume in one day which that was multiple times the shares outstanding as well but
xGgBftVVLSI-00165-00110072-00111008 it wasn't 17 times so um i look at that as a sign that there's probably something there's
xGgBftVVLSI-00166-00111008-00111480 probably naked shorts i mean i'll just say it and they're like this is something that
xGgBftVVLSI-00167-00111648-00112048 if you've been in the stock market long enough you know that naked short selling goes
xGgBftVVLSI-00168-00112048-00112504 on you also know that people just tend to look the other way and fines are a slap in
xGgBftVVLSI-00169-00112504-00112992 the wrist and they're a cost of doing business that's just that's just how it works and so
xGgBftVVLSI-00170-00113080-00113680 you also well i also look at failures to deliver so i look at failures to deliver i look at short
xGgBftVVLSI-00171-00113680-00114168 exempt volume i look at short volume as well you know just short percentage of the flow if it's
xGgBftVVLSI-00172-00114168-00114944 it was stupidly high like 25 30 40 well there's a chance for that to be squeezed especially if
xGgBftVVLSI-00173-00114944-00115600 there's high retail sentiment on it you know like i i just i see it as two things for a short
xGgBftVVLSI-00174-00115600-00116072 squeeze you just need and then you can have a gamma squeeze too if people play options but
xGgBftVVLSI-00175-00116072-00117216 uh i look for a a heavily shorted stock and then b a a um what should i call it a group of
xGgBftVVLSI-00176-00117216-00117800 a large a number of investors online that want to go long on the stock and when you have that
xGgBftVVLSI-00177-00117800-00118552 combination it's a it's a perfect storm for for the stock to go to um unprecedented levels and
xGgBftVVLSI-00178-00118552-00119272 and to hit blue skies which is past the highest resistance level so yeah i look for ftds i look
xGgBftVVLSI-00179-00119272-00119776 for short exempt i look for short volume i look for overall transactional volume but most
xGgBftVVLSI-00180-00119776-00120424 importantly i look for sentiment online and uh it's pretty wonderful the technology we have like
xGgBftVVLSI-00181-00120528-00120976 i don't know how long finn twit is what they call it financial twitter has been around for but
xGgBftVVLSI-00182-00121040-00121656 uh you know before that you kind of you had to do a lot of more guesswork
xGgBftVVLSI-00183-00121656-00122120 now you can go on twitter and you can just search dollar symbol mullen and you can see
xGgBftVVLSI-00184-00122120-00122704 what people are saying about it and you know you can look at the the top ranked post so we have so
xGgBftVVLSI-00185-00122704-00123664 many tools under our belt it's um it's pretty cool um so that's my answer for that wow um so
xGgBftVVLSI-00186-00123840-00124544 so do do you have some sort of um daily routine uh you wake up and you start kind of just
xGgBftVVLSI-00187-00124544-00125232 checking the internet and uh going to twitter uh and reddit and some of these other uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00188-00125352-00125911 areas that you had mentioned and and just starting to just kind of understand like okay
xGgBftVVLSI-00189-00125911-00126448 what are people looking at what are they talking about um and then look at the reaction uh to that
xGgBftVVLSI-00190-00126544-00127040 interesting oh yeah and then i mean we could talk about this forever but like
xGgBftVVLSI-00191-00127040-00127720 also what i've been noticing really is uh there's a lot of negative sentiment as well it's like
xGgBftVVLSI-00192-00127792-00128296 it's like it happens so many times when everybody's talking down about a stock and
xGgBftVVLSI-00193-00128296-00128616 quote unquote bashing it whatever you know whatever that means
xGgBftVVLSI-00194-00128768-00129216 it's usually right before a run-up so like you know there's always people in the world
xGgBftVVLSI-00195-00129216-00129783 that like to be negative about things and so when they see somebody cheering on a stock like amc or
xGgBftVVLSI-00196-00129783-00130383 gme or mullen whatever it is tesla i don't care apple uh you're that's also going to be met with
xGgBftVVLSI-00197-00130440-00131128 the the naysayers or the bears or whatever and um and so that's also a good way to look at it too
xGgBftVVLSI-00198-00131128-00131552 it's not always looking at positive social sentiment it's also looking at the people that
xGgBftVVLSI-00199-00131552-00131960 are going oh you guys are a bunch of clowns that stock's not going to hit it they were
xGgBftVVLSI-00200-00131960-00132672 saying that yesterday about mullen today it's up like 30 percent so it's it's more just like um
xGgBftVVLSI-00201-00132744-00133464 it's more just like the number of mentions on social media total good or bad and uh when you
xGgBftVVLSI-00202-00133464-00134000 get enough eyes on something it brings money into it and if you have enough buying pressure that's
xGgBftVVLSI-00203-00134064-00134720 specifically routed to a lit exchange and not a off exchange well then you can get some
xGgBftVVLSI-00204-00134784-00135656 some pretty good price action uh but yeah i uh for for my routine you know what um dude i don't
xGgBftVVLSI-00205-00135656-00136152 even wake up at the bell anymore because i'm i'm these are swing plays right so i i have a lot i
xGgBftVVLSI-00206-00136152-00136960 have alerts set on my phone and uh i don't wake up at 6am i used to do like bell-to-bell but um
xGgBftVVLSI-00207-00136960-00137656 no i have alerts set on my phone and if it goes off then i'll wake up and i'll pay attention but
xGgBftVVLSI-00208-00137656-00138352 these are for me these are weeks to months long holds um so there's no reason to be watching the
xGgBftVVLSI-00209-00138352-00138992 minute by minute candle that just you know i'm not i'm not day trading a lot of these things so uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00210-00138992-00139688 yeah my routine is uh if i wake up i'll check my my td ameritrade account think or swim and maybe
xGgBftVVLSI-00211-00139688-00140280 take a glance at what's going on but i i really just rely on the alerts and then twitter i go on
xGgBftVVLSI-00212-00140280-00141032 twitter um i've been going less on it recently it's it's a it can be a terribly toxic place
xGgBftVVLSI-00213-00141208-00141856 but uh i i'll go on that and i'll sweep and see what people are saying and i go on reddit as well
xGgBftVVLSI-00214-00141856-00142512 every night and um i mean i don't do this anymore but like all of last year i i would spend eight
xGgBftVVLSI-00215-00142512-00143128 to ten hours on on twitter and reddit per day just researching like what's going on and then
xGgBftVVLSI-00216-00143128-00143864 also learning about the stock market too um i i did so much learning i mean it's like insane
xGgBftVVLSI-00217-00143864-00144432 my college degree is in music but i feel like i deserve a bachelor's at least in stock market
xGgBftVVLSI-00218-00144432-00145144 uh corruption when this thing is all done but um yeah man i i just wake up and if the alerts hit
xGgBftVVLSI-00219-00145144-00145824 they hit if they don't then i just keep it moving and uh i know not to play a near-term options so
xGgBftVVLSI-00220-00145920-00146464 there's no reason to be looking at the um short-term game huh
xGgBftVVLSI-00221-00146576-00147184 um so so it sounds like there's some sort of threshold that you're looking for
xGgBftVVLSI-00222-00147240-00147648 it from social media and then you're gonna you're gonna dive in and kind of look at the pressure
xGgBftVVLSI-00223-00147928-00148584 you know that you can kind of feel get a feel for um from social media and then
xGgBftVVLSI-00224-00148664-00148976 what i'm curious though is like you mentioned something uh interesting
xGgBftVVLSI-00225-00149040-00149672 that it's just you're looking for just news on anything when do you know like
xGgBftVVLSI-00226-00149672-00150000 what to do with it like are you gonna short it are you going to go along with
xGgBftVVLSI-00227-00150000-00150464 it or you know and how long do you want to how do you determine how long do you want to hold it
xGgBftVVLSI-00228-00150664-00151368 yeah for sure i um i feel more comfortable going long i've actually never shorted a stock i've
xGgBftVVLSI-00229-00151368-00151968 played puts but i've never actually shorted a stock uh so i go long and i go long so just
xGgBftVVLSI-00230-00151968-00152976 for example um man mullen was trading at 15 last november so went from 15 to it hit a low of about
xGgBftVVLSI-00231-00152976-00153808 54 cents two weeks ago so i mean nearly went bankrupt like that's just an insane uh decrease
xGgBftVVLSI-00232-00153808-00154576 uh percentage-wise and uh but then the volume just came out of nowhere and so i saw that the price
xGgBftVVLSI-00233-00154576-00155136 was basically bottomed out and then this volume came in out of nowhere and i'm so that's what
xGgBftVVLSI-00234-00155136-00155688 what tripped the alarm on that one i'm like what's going on here why is there so much volume if if it
xGgBftVVLSI-00235-00155688-00156216 was just shorted to hell for the past four or five months where where is this volume coming
xGgBftVVLSI-00236-00156216-00156856 from and why is it coming in and then you look at it you go whoa the ftds are off the richter
xGgBftVVLSI-00237-00156856-00157424 and then you look at the short exempt volume and they're like the short exempt volume uh i
xGgBftVVLSI-00238-00157424-00157968 could be a little bit off on this but for one of the days the short exempt volume was more
xGgBftVVLSI-00239-00157968-00158648 than the shares outstanding for one of the days so honestly i don't again i'll admit ignorance
xGgBftVVLSI-00240-00158648-00159208 all the time when i don't know something i don't know something and so um but to me when the short
xGgBftVVLSI-00241-00159208-00159888 exempt volume is more than the shares outstanding there's something going on there and it's short
xGgBftVVLSI-00242-00159888-00160784 exempt for a reason because uh somebody or some entity who doesn't want that stock to fly so even
xGgBftVVLSI-00243-00160784-00161376 when it's on the ssr the short sale rule they're just bypassing that with short exempts and you can
xGgBftVVLSI-00244-00161472-00162160 seems like you can qualify anything as a short exam so yeah that like that is what drew me to
xGgBftVVLSI-00245-00162160-00162952 mullen recently it hit 54 cents but then all of a sudden this volume that wasn't even comparable to
xGgBftVVLSI-00246-00162952-00163672 anything the stock had ever seen came in and then that led me down to okay what are the ftds and um
xGgBftVVLSI-00247-00163752-00164312 and usually when there's a lot of ftds there's a lot of shorting going on and when there's a lot
xGgBftVVLSI-00248-00164312-00164792 of shorting going on some people especially recently you know i think it's become like
xGgBftVVLSI-00249-00164848-00165384 more of like a thing to do recently is to find these short squeezes you know
xGgBftVVLSI-00250-00165464-00166096 there's tons of people there's a whole subreddit called short squeeze and on on reddit and so uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00251-00166160-00166632 people look for opportunities and when the ftds don't line up and when the numbers don't
xGgBftVVLSI-00252-00166632-00167272 line up well uh that's when i'll go along and you know it's like and it's like investing in
xGgBftVVLSI-00253-00167272-00167776 anything it's like taking a risk on anything i i don't know if i'm gonna be if i'm gonna make
xGgBftVVLSI-00254-00167776-00168272 a killing on a play i don't know if i'm gonna lose my entire investment but that's why i don't
xGgBftVVLSI-00255-00168384-00169016 do near-term options i buy them at least a month two three months out
xGgBftVVLSI-00256-00169192-00169744 yeah okay do you do you go out to leaps do you go out to maybe a year
xGgBftVVLSI-00257-00169744-00170368 or or more or i mean i guess those get just as expensive as a as the underline um basically
xGgBftVVLSI-00258-00170512-00171136 yeah you know what if i had more capital i probably would go out further i probably
xGgBftVVLSI-00259-00171136-00172208 would do a leap like 2023 but um no i for like mullen and bbig um you know i've got a couple uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00260-00172304-00172944 that are expiring next month but i've had them for a few weeks now and then if if it doesn't
xGgBftVVLSI-00261-00172944-00173416 hit when i think it will i'll just roll it out until it does and that's how i'm playing it
xGgBftVVLSI-00262-00173616-00174560 and i mean like with this kind of volatility i mean this is insane um yeah uh i mean like you
xGgBftVVLSI-00263-00174560-00175320 know we have a j trader a stocks trader who does uh wednesday uh webinars for us uh and you know
xGgBftVVLSI-00264-00175320-00175776 he's been saying some of the same things of like yeah the float on this is 50 million
xGgBftVVLSI-00265-00175776-00176480 shares but it just traded like 300 million um this morning or you know something like this and uh uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00266-00176552-00177576 you know it's just i mean we've never seen this before um and it it's insane uh uh and you know
xGgBftVVLSI-00267-00177656-00178272 so you know basically you start to see this kind of activity um you're you're starting
xGgBftVVLSI-00268-00178272-00178784 to evaluate it and then but how do you know like when to enter and and how long to hold
xGgBftVVLSI-00269-00179056-00179752 um i enter right when i see something unusual like like like the stock was traded 17 times
xGgBftVVLSI-00270-00179752-00180384 over in one day that's when i entered so like uh you know my buddy unusual wales on twitter
xGgBftVVLSI-00271-00180384-00180976 i'm sure some people are familiar with him he provides data analytics uh you know when something
xGgBftVVLSI-00272-00180976-00181896 looks super unusual that's when i enter and uh how long do i hold well no uh that could
xGgBftVVLSI-00273-00181896-00182360 be based on a technical level that could be based on a percentage profit that i would like to make
xGgBftVVLSI-00274-00182456-00183144 that could be based on uh volume as well volume is a key indicator but it's also
xGgBftVVLSI-00275-00183496-00183816 you have to look at many things right as we all know you have to have confluence you
xGgBftVVLSI-00276-00183816-00184416 have to have many points so um just because it traded at 600 million volume last monday that
xGgBftVVLSI-00277-00184416-00184744 that doesn't mean that they closed all their shorts by any means so you got to
xGgBftVVLSI-00278-00184744-00185152 keep looking at the ftds and the short exempt volume and the short volume and
xGgBftVVLSI-00279-00185152-00185624 uh and then look at the institutional filings with the sec and see what's going on with that
xGgBftVVLSI-00280-00185624-00186256 and see which institutions are going along which ones are going short um and so it's
xGgBftVVLSI-00281-00186256-00186656 pretty interesting because you know i'm a retail investor obviously but you're also starting to see
xGgBftVVLSI-00282-00186712-00187408 institutions go along with these squeeze plays so it's really interesting to me it's the first
xGgBftVVLSI-00283-00187408-00187920 time that big money has ever followed dumb money as they call it retail investors so
xGgBftVVLSI-00284-00188000-00188912 um you know it's exactly it's it's a really interesting time in the stock market um and uh i
xGgBftVVLSI-00285-00188912-00189680 just you know i pick uh i the time that i go in is when i think something is super fishy and if i'm
xGgBftVVLSI-00286-00189680-00190584 wrong i'm wrong and if i'm not then i make a good amount of money and that's all it is wow wow um
xGgBftVVLSI-00287-00190696-00191592 yeah yeah i mean this is just like kind of from a foreign planet um uh you know to to to here uh uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00288-00191776-00192512 but it it's so it makes so much sense though um that uh you know you you talk about a momentum
xGgBftVVLSI-00289-00192512-00193128 play but it's momentum like you said of of uh of the internet um and what's going on over there
xGgBftVVLSI-00290-00193128-00193904 and like what is reading the sentiment and feel uh from the from the internet uh and then
xGgBftVVLSI-00291-00193904-00194632 uh looking upon like okay well how can i benefit from that um and uh uh i mean i mean imagine this
xGgBftVVLSI-00292-00194632-00195176 could work for you know um you know anything uh you're gonna probably get the quickest and
xGgBftVVLSI-00293-00195176-00195864 easiest bang for your buck right here in the stock market like you're saying um but uh yeah this is
xGgBftVVLSI-00294-00195864-00196520 um have you ever kind of looked into any others type of plays like beyond stocks or or options
xGgBftVVLSI-00295-00196720-00197216 outside of the stock market yeah i'm just kind of curious yeah like maybe real estate or like maybe
xGgBftVVLSI-00296-00197216-00197824 maybe like the whole move in in commodities now and and uh i mean i guess you can you can always
xGgBftVVLSI-00297-00197824-00198336 go with the etfs of course and and and find some sort of way in the stock market to trade that but
xGgBftVVLSI-00298-00198432-00199192 um yeah i'm just kind of curious like what i i maybe you can even kind of show us a little
xGgBftVVLSI-00299-00199192-00199752 bit like uh you know uh like well i visit here i'm looking at this here i'm filtering for that there
xGgBftVVLSI-00300-00199752-00200240 and twitter um i mean you know this is your proprietary method but uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00301-00200320-00201440 it's just so interesting um so yeah yeah it's yeah uh we're all like doing these incredible
xGgBftVVLSI-00302-00201440-00202128 volume studies and and looking at this or that but um here like uh you just have a very different
xGgBftVVLSI-00303-00202128-00202832 kind of outlook and bigger picture approach um oh for sure yeah and that's why i said like i'm
xGgBftVVLSI-00304-00202832-00203480 sure you guys will consider this unorthodox and um you know some people might say it's risky
xGgBftVVLSI-00305-00203480-00204104 but uh my roi last year would say otherwise like that's the funny thing so many people
xGgBftVVLSI-00306-00204256-00204984 said the apes were losing money like you guys are gonna lose all your money but i roi was i mean
xGgBftVVLSI-00307-00204984-00205536 it would put pretty much every hedge fund in the world to shame and and a lot of my peers
xGgBftVVLSI-00308-00205536-00206264 did the same thing and uh you know i started with very little capital so it didn't put me it didn't
xGgBftVVLSI-00309-00206264-00206928 advance me that much socioeconomically but i mean if people want to compare rois a lot of the apes
xGgBftVVLSI-00310-00206928-00207384 whatever you want to call them we're just retail investors did extremely well
xGgBftVVLSI-00311-00207384-00208040 especially if you played call options i mean amc went from eight dollars to 77 in the june run up
xGgBftVVLSI-00312-00208040-00208848 and you know i had for example i had june 18th 40 calls and so just for an example i turned
xGgBftVVLSI-00313-00208928-00209808 uh 390 dollars into 15 000 in like i don't know a week and i so i bought 10 contracts at 39 bucks
xGgBftVVLSI-00314-00209808-00210648 a piece and then i sold them for roughly what a used car goes for each in la so um if you played
xGgBftVVLSI-00315-00210648-00211416 options uh sure the stock was not as high as it was in june as you know at the end of the year but
xGgBftVVLSI-00316-00211416-00212176 if you played it smart you could you a lot of apes made a killing i mean uh so many man we could talk
xGgBftVVLSI-00317-00212176-00212904 forever and i would love to but so many so many of my viewers messaged me and uh in saying like
xGgBftVVLSI-00318-00212904-00213519 thanks jackson i just became a millionaire i mean i got that at least over 10 times last year and
xGgBftVVLSI-00319-00213519-00214064 and it it wasn't it wasn't me doing anything i just report like i don't do anything special i'm
xGgBftVVLSI-00320-00214064-00214512 just i'm like i literally say i'm an idiot dude like i don't really know what i'm doing a lot of
xGgBftVVLSI-00321-00214512-00215200 times but uh my point is that a lot of apes made a life-changing money um a lot are still holding
xGgBftVVLSI-00322-00215200-00216136 as well and um as far as like do i use this um in other areas of investments or do i invest other
xGgBftVVLSI-00323-00216136-00216656 areas i don't have enough money to buy real estate at the moment i live in la so the cheapest house
xGgBftVVLSI-00324-00216656-00217536 here is 700 grand so i don't have enough money for that i still live in an apartment um and but i
xGgBftVVLSI-00325-00217536-00218304 let's see let's see where i mean i've traded so i've traded crypto um i used to trade litecoin
xGgBftVVLSI-00326-00218304-00219192 frequently uh like every weekend and then um oh man other than that i've really just been holding
xGgBftVVLSI-00327-00219192-00219848 amc and gme and and then i play options on squeeze plays other squeeze plays on the side um i can
xGgBftVVLSI-00328-00219848-00220471 pull up twitter if you want me to show you like kind of what i look for yeah i mean it would be
xGgBftVVLSI-00329-00220584-00221632 fascinating um to be honest uh i i'd love it um so yeah and and you know um yeah people uh get
xGgBftVVLSI-00330-00221632-00222319 get your question traders get your questions in uh uh here for uh for jackson um and uh there we go
xGgBftVVLSI-00331-00222752-00222784 yeah
xGgBftVVLSI-00332-00223040-00223544 oh it's really it's like it's not rocket science my dad's a rocket scientist literally but this is
xGgBftVVLSI-00333-00223544-00224112 not rocket science so just the first thing that i see right here uh you guys can see that right
xGgBftVVLSI-00334-00224112-00224623 yeah yep so just the first thing i see right here trending amc short squeeze
xGgBftVVLSI-00335-00224688-00225144 um and then obviously russian ukraine which is sad as hell but that's life
xGgBftVVLSI-00336-00225144-00225784 so and amc has been trending i mean i'm not making this up uh i'm not a hyperbolic person
xGgBftVVLSI-00337-00225784-00226600 i i'm very like straight up and literal amc's been trending since last january like for 13 months so
xGgBftVVLSI-00338-00226664-00227167 i'll just go over here and uh let's just see what people are saying about mullen because mullen was
xGgBftVVLSI-00339-00227167-00227952 up over 25 percent today and so this is a buddy of mine he's an ape um very good trader himself and
xGgBftVVLSI-00340-00228088-00228536 you know another couple k into this help get that push to one dollar and so that that was
xGgBftVVLSI-00341-00228536-00229071 kind of the price level that a lot of people wanted to get to um today so you don't even it's
xGgBftVVLSI-00342-00229071-00229536 insane you don't even need to like pay for these discords or like anything like that people chart
xGgBftVVLSI-00343-00229536-00230064 it for you and you just you can look at it and not everybody is not everybody is somebody you want to
xGgBftVVLSI-00344-00230064-00230648 follow right but uh as you can see this gentleman obviously drew an appropriate downtrend it touched
xGgBftVVLSI-00345-00230648-00231216 once twice three times four times five times and then the breakdown the breakout right there uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00346-00231216-00232064 that looks like it's on the probably 15 or five minute um so mullen confirmed you just look at and
xGgBftVVLSI-00347-00232064-00232600 then this is you know business fundamentals these are what the cars look like has the best evs hands
xGgBftVVLSI-00348-00232600-00233184 down and obviously this is all opinion and it's speculation but what's not opinion and speculation
xGgBftVVLSI-00349-00233184-00233656 in the stock market this is also a good friend of mine i've actually met her in person lovely lady
xGgBftVVLSI-00350-00233728-00234519 ape and so these are the top posts about mullen uh to the newcomers yes mullen is real here's proof
xGgBftVVLSI-00351-00234608-00235232 contrary to what fud bears have been spreading to you uh and then just stuff like this like memes
xGgBftVVLSI-00352-00235232-00235671 hold the line and then you just look like how many likes it's getting and it's like
xGgBftVVLSI-00353-00235736-00236216 oh there's a ton of freaking people that are just holding that thing um and then
xGgBftVVLSI-00354-00236216-00237096 like let's see what they're saying about bbig well actually uh all right i'll go to bbig let me see
xGgBftVVLSI-00355-00237392-00237728 those are just the top posts but you can sort it by the most recent
xGgBftVVLSI-00356-00237808-00238184 and uh like right now i think it's making a bit of a after hours move so
xGgBftVVLSI-00357-00238256-00238664 you know you can look at mullin target i i don't look at price targets i think
xGgBftVVLSI-00358-00238744-00239144 if you're looking at a price target it just means you haven't researched the stock enough
xGgBftVVLSI-00359-00239144-00239640 uh that's one of the things i've learned so you can sort it by latest you know 33 seconds ago
xGgBftVVLSI-00360-00239640-00240232 38 seconds one minute uh one minute one minute two minutes so there's a lot of posts about it
xGgBftVVLSI-00361-00240232-00240984 this guy says mullen going stupid rocket emoji uh did you not watch the movie the big short um
xGgBftVVLSI-00362-00241223-00241671 so this guy's bullish on it you can you can just read bullish or bearish sentiment
xGgBftVVLSI-00363-00241671-00242352 and um and then you make your own decision at the end of the day obviously uh but
xGgBftVVLSI-00364-00242352-00242840 what do you i i mean you're so this is it just in general like this but are you looking about how
xGgBftVVLSI-00365-00242840-00243544 many people like it how many people are following these people um yeah sure yeah so like johnny love
xGgBftVVLSI-00366-00243544-00244232 i know he's uh he's a influencer or whatever word you want to call it and he's a youtuber as well
xGgBftVVLSI-00367-00244232-00244871 so uh let's go to one that like it it's pretty funny because after a while you learn to weed
xGgBftVVLSI-00368-00244871-00245416 out the ones that are not um as meaningful or ones that you can take with a huge grain of salt
xGgBftVVLSI-00369-00245416-00246112 because twitter loves hype right they love oh it's going to the moon and i try and stay as far as way
xGgBftVVLSI-00370-00246112-00246952 possible with that i i don't like to hype anything um so it you know if if it's just like mulling and
xGgBftVVLSI-00371-00246952-00247408 then a rocket emoji and it's got a thousand likes well those likes don't really mean anything those
xGgBftVVLSI-00372-00247408-00248056 are just people that are hoping and that it goes higher but when you have like a well written now
xGgBftVVLSI-00373-00248056-00248536 or like this is probably perfect so he's got the exponential moving averages and he's got
xGgBftVVLSI-00374-00248536-00249256 support and resistance and uh let's see yeah he's looking at v wap so this guy probably might know
xGgBftVVLSI-00375-00249256-00249680 what he's talking about and then you use your own judgment at the end of the day and this
xGgBftVVLSI-00376-00249680-00250280 guy right here he's got facts you know empirical backing for conviction i mean he's talking about
xGgBftVVLSI-00377-00250280-00251016 warrant conversion which is a big thing um so you learn pretty quickly what to look at and what not
xGgBftVVLSI-00378-00251088-00251736 uh let's see but but the ones with the most likes the reason why you can't just go off of likes and
xGgBftVVLSI-00379-00251800-00252376 it's probably pretty obvious but people love hype and and so those ones get the most uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00380-00252376-00253080 like so um but yeah i'll just scan this and i i take it with a grain of salt all of it
xGgBftVVLSI-00381-00253080-00253888 but uh it is good to look at and then do the same for bbig and i think bbig was red um
xGgBftVVLSI-00382-00254144-00254600 you know this guy thinks it's comical that the shorts are trying so hard i can already read that
xGgBftVVLSI-00383-00254600-00255416 off the bat um and then you know you got all sorts of data analytics providers like uh and
xGgBftVVLSI-00384-00255416-00256167 they provide options uh the data right there 119 out the money and then mullen is number two 101
xGgBftVVLSI-00385-00256167-00256880 out the money um you got support and resistance like if you don't know how to you can learn so
xGgBftVVLSI-00386-00256880-00257376 much it's like the internet is just invaluable man if you pay attention to the right people
xGgBftVVLSI-00387-00257456-00257871 you don't need to go to college for any of this stuff i mean um
xGgBftVVLSI-00388-00258119-00258544 you you can just learn so much so like go big or go home like obviously that's
xGgBftVVLSI-00389-00258544-00259056 just hype that's just sentiment it's positive sentiment so it's something to keep in mind but
xGgBftVVLSI-00390-00259056-00259864 uh but i like to look at more like data for sure um and then options uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00391-00259864-00260919 let's see so but how did you come up with bbig to just to begin with i find bbig um
xGgBftVVLSI-00392-00261112-00261919 and i'm so sleep deprived right now i can't even remember uh i found it probably two months ago
xGgBftVVLSI-00393-00261919-00262448 so that would have been january um it had to have been reddit it was it was probably read
xGgBftVVLSI-00394-00262448-00263000 it so there's a subreddit called short squeeze r short squeeze and uh everybody was talking
xGgBftVVLSI-00395-00263000-00263488 about it and so i when everybody's talking about something i start paying attention and if you're
xGgBftVVLSI-00396-00263488-00264104 early enough you can make money but a lot of times people are late um so i i think i just randomly
xGgBftVVLSI-00397-00264104-00264496 came across it on reddit and then i looked at the options chain which i'm doing right now
xGgBftVVLSI-00398-00264608-00265232 and there's just a crazy amount of options activities so uh this is this is um this
xGgBftVVLSI-00399-00265232-00265896 is the well april 14th so let's look at march 18th which is obviously the third friday of the
xGgBftVVLSI-00400-00265896-00266528 month which is obviously has the most open interest uh typically um so you got calls
xGgBftVVLSI-00401-00266528-00267160 for two dollar strike price all this is in the money anything under uh so this expires next week
xGgBftVVLSI-00402-00267160-00267568 uh but you can see a ton of contracts four thousand eight thousand thirteen thousand five
xGgBftVVLSI-00403-00267568-00268016 thousand eighteen thousand twelve thousand sixteen thousand so you know a lot of people want to go
xGgBftVVLSI-00404-00268016-00268496 want it to go towards five dollars these contracts are worth a buck each right now super cheap
xGgBftVVLSI-00405-00268496-00269152 uh so these are pretty much lottos but you know if it can gamma ramp uh there's no telling how
xGgBftVVLSI-00406-00269152-00269544 high this thing can go and then these are the super hopeful people right here maybe they
xGgBftVVLSI-00407-00269544-00270048 bought a year ago you know you never know when they bought from just this alone but
xGgBftVVLSI-00408-00270136-00270896 if you go to april 14th uh the volume is out of this world so this is next month's
xGgBftVVLSI-00409-00270896-00271624 opex for the third friday you only have a little over 8 000 contracts in the money but
xGgBftVVLSI-00410-00271712-00272200 right above that there's ten thousand then twenty two thousand sixteen thousand thirty six thousand
xGgBftVVLSI-00411-00272256-00272944 sixty two thousand you know sixty two thousand uh times ten so that that's representative of
xGgBftVVLSI-00412-00272944-00273592 six point two million shares that the market makers they either have to delta hedge for or
xGgBftVVLSI-00413-00273592-00274232 uh buy into two days after they land and expire in the money um and then obviously
xGgBftVVLSI-00414-00274232-00274656 there's ways to get around that as well and it puts it on the threshold securities list but
xGgBftVVLSI-00415-00274760-00275384 that's a whole other topic but so just just wild volume and then if you look at the strike prices
xGgBftVVLSI-00416-00275448-00276032 start going well why did it go from the highest strike was ten dollars in march uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00417-00276032-00276800 march 18th to the highest strike is now 24. for april 14th so you look at that as well and
xGgBftVVLSI-00418-00276800-00277216 you know obviously that's some of that is market makers trying to sucker people into
xGgBftVVLSI-00419-00277216-00277560 the deep out of the money calls so they can just take that easy premium
xGgBftVVLSI-00420-00277560-00278176 but at the same time if i mean this is a lot of contracts that could really push a gamma squeeze
xGgBftVVLSI-00421-00278176-00278752 because you don't want to be a market maker or an options writer in in chicago that's writing these
xGgBftVVLSI-00422-00278752-00279184 especially you don't want to write them naked and then all of a sudden they're in the money and
xGgBftVVLSI-00423-00279184-00279808 that's exactly what happened with gamestop and amc and all the meme stocks in january of last year
xGgBftVVLSI-00424-00279808-00280552 they admittedly they wrote all these naked calls and that's not like like you know that's not an
xGgBftVVLSI-00425-00280552-00281160 intrinsically bad thing to do it happens all the time on many tickers but the thing is the entire
xGgBftVVLSI-00426-00281160-00281944 options chain for gme was blue it was all in the money so at that point they uh they didn't have to
xGgBftVVLSI-00427-00281944-00282432 halt trading they actually could have continued the legal documents show that but they claimed
xGgBftVVLSI-00428-00282432-00283008 that they had to halt trading because of liquidity issues that they didn't have enough money but um
xGgBftVVLSI-00429-00283208-00283640 you know that's why that's why gme got the attention it did because
xGgBftVVLSI-00430-00283640-00284208 all of a sudden it was something like this and then every single strike price was in the money
xGgBftVVLSI-00431-00284208-00284744 enabling the owners of those contracts to exercise and if they were to exercise
xGgBftVVLSI-00432-00284744-00285632 oh my gosh uh thomas peter fee he's the 65th uh 66th sorry 65th is jim simons of wren technology
xGgBftVVLSI-00433-00285632-00286288 uh a hedge fund uh thomas peterffy the chairman of interactive brokers said it was literally a
xGgBftVVLSI-00434-00286288-00286936 day or two after he's the 66th richest person in the world bill multibillionaire he said if
xGgBftVVLSI-00435-00286936-00287552 if the apes i'm paraphrasing if the apes would have called back their shares and what he was
xGgBftVVLSI-00436-00287552-00288000 talking about was exercising the shares that they had call options on if they would have done that
xGgBftVVLSI-00437-00288064-00288656 gme could have gone to infinity practically now that was not a paraphrase that's exactly what he
xGgBftVVLSI-00438-00288656-00289240 said word for word and it's true there is there is no cap to a short squeeze uh especially when
xGgBftVVLSI-00439-00289240-00290008 every strike price is in the money so uh you know when a guy like that he runs a broker dealer as
xGgBftVVLSI-00440-00290008-00290592 popular as interactive brokers when a guy like that says that i mean but everybody else was
xGgBftVVLSI-00441-00290592-00291192 saying the opposite you know it's it's uh he i think he was at a point where he had nothing
xGgBftVVLSI-00442-00291192-00291800 to lose he's made a killing you know he's made a ton of money and he he didn't see any reason
xGgBftVVLSI-00443-00291800-00292344 to be deceitful about it and he just said he just called it for what it was and what it was was that
xGgBftVVLSI-00444-00292344-00292976 the little guy won but the big guy didn't want to admit it uh so i'm i'm kind of going back to the
xGgBftVVLSI-00445-00292976-00293552 amc and gme genesis but um i'm happy to answer any questions uh or if you want me to look at
xGgBftVVLSI-00446-00293552-00294264 anything yeah yeah i mean that but that's that's the um the the fascinating part um that uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00447-00294328-00294952 uh also kind of spurred your interest uh too like you know you're saying like this is just outright
xGgBftVVLSI-00448-00294952-00295760 fraud um and uh yeah you know uh and and just corrupt as can be and and yet like the little guy
xGgBftVVLSI-00449-00295760-00296296 they they had them i mean down like for the count not on the ropes they were down for the count
xGgBftVVLSI-00450-00296352-00297344 um and still they they got out you know it was just it was just bad bad blood um uh to to allow
xGgBftVVLSI-00451-00297344-00298512 for that um i had people are really upset uh about that um so yeah that's uh uh yeah stirs a lot of
xGgBftVVLSI-00452-00298512-00299088 emotions and uh gets people very very interested also and and now this has become a thing what
xGgBftVVLSI-00453-00299088-00299552 you're doing uh with this kind of strategy and now you can you're extrapolating that to
xGgBftVVLSI-00454-00299688-00300384 other stocks looking for this uh in in other this is a very successful strategy uh and uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00455-00300384-00301368 now you're you know able to uh use it uh for many many uh different uh stocks yeah definitely
xGgBftVVLSI-00456-00301424-00301976 so just like this this is one of my favorite websites stockserra.python anywhere it's free
xGgBftVVLSI-00457-00301976-00302600 it's got everything you need one stop shop so this is bbig the failures to deliver uh now you
xGgBftVVLSI-00458-00302600-00303088 can go on the sec's website and download them uh two weeks by two weeks or you can just come here
xGgBftVVLSI-00459-00303088-00303824 and they show you all of them so the ones that are in red are just extraordinary values compared to
xGgBftVVLSI-00460-00303824-00304552 the other ones uh now if you look like it's just this is bbig so and they they chart it out so
xGgBftVVLSI-00461-00304552-00305176 the yellow is ftds and then the price is blue so you can see on uh january 20th
xGgBftVVLSI-00462-00305176-00305960 i mean look at this string of ftds right here this is uh more than two weeks of trading where
xGgBftVVLSI-00463-00305960-00306528 you never had ftds less than a million on the day so ftd for anybody that's not aware i'm sure a lot
xGgBftVVLSI-00464-00306528-00306856 of you guys are i'm sure a lot of you guys are way more knowledgeable than me i'm just going to say
xGgBftVVLSI-00465-00306856-00307464 that right now so an ftd is just when the broker dealer did not locate the share but they sold it
xGgBftVVLSI-00466-00307464-00308064 anyway and so you're holding an iou you're holding a counterfeit book entry that's all it is there's
xGgBftVVLSI-00467-00308064-00308656 not an actual share there it has the monetary equivalent of a quote-unquote legitimate share but
xGgBftVVLSI-00468-00308656-00309296 nobody located the shares there was no locate with it and so for instance on january 20th for bbig
xGgBftVVLSI-00469-00309376-00310120 8.2 million shares were sold without even being located so they were just like oh yeah sure
xGgBftVVLSI-00470-00310120-00310520 here's the shares but they never located them which is what you're supposed to do
xGgBftVVLSI-00471-00310520-00311056 and so that's to the tune of 37 million dollars worth of shares and they were only at you know
xGgBftVVLSI-00472-00311056-00311912 450 at the time 4.50 so this string of ftds uh when i see something like that and i uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00473-00311968-00312480 that that sets off the alarm and it's like okay in a couple weeks or a couple months you could
xGgBftVVLSI-00474-00312480-00313064 see some very big green price action because ftds theoretically have to be delivered at some point
xGgBftVVLSI-00475-00313064-00313792 and then it even has the t plus 35 date over here on the right hand side uh but they the actors in
xGgBftVVLSI-00476-00313792-00314224 this market have ways to circumvent that as well so it's a really it's it's a squirrely
xGgBftVVLSI-00477-00314312-00314856 it's a squirrely thing you know and uh what i'm doing is not foolproof by any means but numbers
xGgBftVVLSI-00478-00314856-00315536 don't lie you know when you have 8.2 million ftds and then i'm not sure the float off the top of my
xGgBftVVLSI-00479-00315536-00316264 head but it's it's less than amc that's for sure so uh yeah i mean you see a string of ftds like
xGgBftVVLSI-00480-00316264-00316792 that it's just like dude like why are there so many like why could they not locate the shares
xGgBftVVLSI-00481-00316792-00317400 you just got to ask yourself why and it's you know sometimes and i learned a lot of this from patrick
xGgBftVVLSI-00482-00317400-00318056 byrne the former ceo of uh overstock sometimes ftds are the result of just an honest mistake an
xGgBftVVLSI-00483-00318056-00319024 honest error but other times they're they're evidence of straight-up negligent uh behavior
xGgBftVVLSI-00484-00319024-00319560 on the behalf of a brokered dealer or another actor within the stock market and when you have
xGgBftVVLSI-00485-00319560-00320456 this many well if it walks like a duck you know the rest so like my my like my fallot my training
xGgBftVVLSI-00486-00320456-00321312 philosophy is super simple i'm not um you know if you look at one of my charts i uh i i keep things
xGgBftVVLSI-00487-00321312-00321896 really naked i don't even use that many indicators i i really just do support resistance uh volume
xGgBftVVLSI-00488-00321896-00322672 macd rsi cci and that's pretty much it um but yeah bruce is there anything else you want to
xGgBftVVLSI-00489-00322672-00323584 talk about or ask questions on um yeah i mean just uh you know this going i'm fascinated by this um
xGgBftVVLSI-00490-00323664-00324280 and you know you call me an idiotic ape man i've heard it before no worries it's it's unbelievable
xGgBftVVLSI-00491-00324280-00324800 but like uh you know i don't know if anyone has read some of these um they're all very old books
xGgBftVVLSI-00492-00324800-00325520 um uh something about following the herd or i i forget i mean i have it um uh it's very short book
xGgBftVVLSI-00493-00325520-00326360 but uh you know talking about the tulip bulbs uh and um uh in netherlands and uh uh you know these
xGgBftVVLSI-00494-00326360-00327192 um huge um uh you know bubble markets uh and this here and and looking at these ftds like
xGgBftVVLSI-00495-00327192-00328000 you're talking about like something's going on here um this is not right uh and uh yeah
xGgBftVVLSI-00496-00328352-00328672 i didn't mean to cut you off no no no i mean
xGgBftVVLSI-00497-00328672-00329224 i made my point and like here you're you you know like there was there was someone in um uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00498-00329408-00329936 the author i forget the name of the book but uh maybe someone could help out um if they remember
xGgBftVVLSI-00499-00329936-00330424 but uh the um you know it went through some scenarios of some people just like you know
xGgBftVVLSI-00500-00330424-00331248 some smart investors along the way like um would you know buy a couple of bulbs sell them off and
xGgBftVVLSI-00501-00331248-00331696 they're done like it they made a huge profit they were able to buy a house that are set for life
xGgBftVVLSI-00502-00331944-00332416 by doing something like that um by just recognizing the opportunity
xGgBftVVLSI-00503-00332416-00332704 um seeing some of the things that are happening um
xGgBftVVLSI-00504-00332704-00333032 and here you're you're basically doing it digitally on the internet
xGgBftVVLSI-00505-00333232-00333992 yeah yeah i all i know about the tulip thing is they squeeze to red squeezed to ridiculous
xGgBftVVLSI-00506-00333992-00334704 numbers uh that's all i know about that but that i just pulled up apple to compare it so you know
xGgBftVVLSI-00507-00334704-00335336 if you look at apple's ftds which apple has a has a i believe a float or shares outstanding i think
xGgBftVVLSI-00508-00335336-00336192 it's similar 16 billion right and total shares so the ftds on apple are virtually you know next
xGgBftVVLSI-00509-00336192-00337256 to nothing on one day there were 100 total ftds out of 16 billion shares then if you go to vig
xGgBftVVLSI-00510-00337360-00337808 i mean you just got to compare it in percentages one day it had eight million
xGgBftVVLSI-00511-00337936-00338584 bbig doesn't have 16 billion shares so so like percentage-wise it's it's incomparable
xGgBftVVLSI-00512-00338584-00339424 i mean so i i did uh i'm working on a write-up actually well it's more than a write-up but uh i
xGgBftVVLSI-00513-00339424-00339896 i did a comparison on just like you know normal blue chip stocks whatever you
xGgBftVVLSI-00514-00339896-00340400 want to call it microsoft apple and tesla and i compared the ftds in last year and
xGgBftVVLSI-00515-00340400-00341248 it wasn't even you couldn't even compare it to amc and gme so last year amc had a total and i know
xGgBftVVLSI-00516-00341456-00341920 man the internet's so funny uh you say one thing and they misconstrue it for seven different things
xGgBftVVLSI-00517-00341920-00342608 but i know ftds are not added up day over day but you can still add them up and that shows
xGgBftVVLSI-00518-00342608-00343416 you an idea of the relentless relentlessness of these ftds and so i compared apple microsoft
xGgBftVVLSI-00519-00343416-00344280 tesla to amc and gme amc and gme um their total number of ftds if you added them up for last year
xGgBftVVLSI-00520-00344280-00345048 represented um 40 and 39 of their shares outstanding respectively if you
xGgBftVVLSI-00521-00345048-00345744 did it for microsoft or tesla um i think microsoft it represented 0.3 or 0.03
xGgBftVVLSI-00522-00345808-00346392 apple was in the same range about it might have been one percent tesla was like 1.6 and then you
xGgBftVVLSI-00523-00346392-00347504 have amc which did 200 million ftds in 2021. uh that's that's uh 40 of the shares outstanding um
xGgBftVVLSI-00524-00347656-00348232 so what's going on there you know and then that that propels you to just research until kingdom
xGgBftVVLSI-00525-00348232-00348688 come until you find your answer and then you find an answer and then you keep research and
xGgBftVVLSI-00526-00348688-00349192 you're like oh wait that's not the answer and then they have this loophole and oh that's why they're
xGgBftVVLSI-00527-00349192-00349976 and so it's a seemingly never-ending process which i i never intended to go down i i thought it was
xGgBftVVLSI-00528-00349976-00350520 gonna be you know two or three month play and i'd be out but it became my life and uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00529-00350656-00351224 you know it is what it is yeah yeah no it's uh it's really really fascinating stuff and it's
xGgBftVVLSI-00530-00351224-00351976 a phenomena um uh uh happening uh and you uh you jumped on the train here um spot is asking
xGgBftVVLSI-00531-00351976-00352608 a question here about ftds as a predictive of price move up or do they come after a price move
xGgBftVVLSI-00532-00352776-00353696 oh good question typically i see ftds uh preceding green price action so it
xGgBftVVLSI-00533-00353792-00354648 just uh just to reiterate an ftd is the the the broker dealer sold shares that they did not
xGgBftVVLSI-00534-00354648-00355536 verify actually existed um and so typically you'll see big price movement i don't know it could be
xGgBftVVLSI-00535-00355536-00356112 anytime obviously i'm not a fortune teller but it could be a couple weeks or a couple months after
xGgBftVVLSI-00536-00356112-00356736 a large grouping of ftds but i mean this kind of shows it uh pretty well actually on this chart so
xGgBftVVLSI-00537-00356840-00357592 june 2nd is when amc hits 77 intraday and then it closed around uh sixty two dollars so the ftds are
xGgBftVVLSI-00538-00357592-00358456 the yellow um so these actually spiked at the same time which that can make sense as well because
xGgBftVVLSI-00539-00358456-00359064 um because as the price is going so high uh and people are buying and buying and buying
xGgBftVVLSI-00540-00359064-00359704 well eventually you run out of shares so but the brokers don't care because the brokers make money
xGgBftVVLSI-00541-00359704-00360072 off of every transaction through payment for order flow they make hundreds of millions per
xGgBftVVLSI-00542-00360072-00360608 quarter each broker dealer so they just want the transactional volume to come in they don't care
xGgBftVVLSI-00543-00360608-00361408 and so um but you can see for months preceding that june movement look at the ftds which is the
xGgBftVVLSI-00544-00361408-00362224 yellow very high ftds in april uh and early may and so you do a t-plus 35 from these
xGgBftVVLSI-00545-00362288-00362944 uh that probably helped this june 2nd run up um and then this one's a bit of an outlier because
xGgBftVVLSI-00546-00362944-00363688 this uh string of dates june 18th to uh july 2nd because there's high ftds but then you don't see
xGgBftVVLSI-00547-00363688-00364440 i mean you you had some upwards movement from uh 30 bucks to like 50 uh but it wasn't anything
xGgBftVVLSI-00548-00364440-00365120 like this so um yeah sorry if i'm going on too long man uh no no worries no worries at
xGgBftVVLSI-00549-00365120-00365920 all um please continue on i mean this is uh just fascinating uh uh stuff i mean i it makes these
xGgBftVVLSI-00550-00365920-00366560 like i mean which which brokerage is this um you know and they're on the hook for these things uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00551-00366616-00367008 i mean this is like a bucket shop you know back to the bucket shop days uh you know
xGgBftVVLSI-00552-00367064-00367848 uh back in the you know late 1800s or so um i don't know how they're getting away with this
xGgBftVVLSI-00553-00368136-00368576 yeah i i think it i think it's conflict of interest i think that's probably the
xGgBftVVLSI-00554-00368576-00369520 number one reason uh but you know it's there it's complete opacity in this in the stock market they
xGgBftVVLSI-00555-00369592-00370400 don't want you to see what's going on um but i i do want to say that what i'm doing what trey
xGgBftVVLSI-00556-00370400-00370912 what um all the other you know amc youtubers or all the apes are doing on the internet
xGgBftVVLSI-00557-00370912-00371576 we're not exposing act new activity the only thing that happened is we exposed it on a greater
xGgBftVVLSI-00558-00371632-00372088 platform than it's ever been seen on that's the only reason and and that's why it closed the
xGgBftVVLSI-00559-00372144-00372720 cause excuse me a global movement so but but this type of stuff has been going on forever
xGgBftVVLSI-00560-00372720-00373328 if you read flash boys by michael lewis which was i don't know 2014 and then he wrote the big short
xGgBftVVLSI-00561-00373328-00374216 which was uh about um the 2008 housing market and then uh if you go to dr suzanne trimbath
xGgBftVVLSI-00562-00374216-00374832 phd she wrote naked short and greedy that's been out and so this stuff has been out it's just that
xGgBftVVLSI-00563-00375016-00375688 i mean man bruce if i were to summarize this thing in one sentence it would be the internet remains
xGgBftVVLSI-00564-00375688-00376440 undefeated that's all it is it's just the internet got a hold of this and it spread like a wildfire
xGgBftVVLSI-00565-00376440-00377024 but i just want to say again we're not exposing anything new these you know off
xGgBftVVLSI-00566-00377024-00377560 exchange trading has been happening forever ftds have been happening forever maybe not as
xGgBftVVLSI-00567-00377616-00378088 abusive as they are but um in that naked short selling that's been happening forever you can
xGgBftVVLSI-00568-00378088-00378736 look at all the times that um institutions were fined for it but it was you know they could find a
xGgBftVVLSI-00569-00378736-00379240 quarter of a percent of the profit that they made in the year so it doesn't even it's like it's like
xGgBftVVLSI-00570-00379240-00379824 taking 10 bucks from a guy like me like i probably won't really notice it you know you spend that on
xGgBftVVLSI-00571-00379824-00380424 a burger or like a you know a soda at their at a at amc theaters or something so
xGgBftVVLSI-00572-00380488-00381008 we we didn't expose anything new we just exposed it on a greater level yeah yeah no
xGgBftVVLSI-00573-00381008-00381784 it already existed um so um yeah yeah and you're not only that you're researching it looking for it
xGgBftVVLSI-00574-00382056-00382728 so oh my gosh we we've done so much research way more than i ever wanted to like being up on the
xGgBftVVLSI-00575-00382728-00383248 phone until five in the morning with guys that i just met on the internet and and uh you know
xGgBftVVLSI-00576-00383248-00383856 i didn't even know what payment for order flow was until probably april of last year and then
xGgBftVVLSI-00577-00383856-00384376 i started realizing oh that's not good for us they say it's good for us but it's not and then
xGgBftVVLSI-00578-00384440-00384944 you can look up in 2004 citadel wrote a letter to uh i don't know if they're writing the government
xGgBftVVLSI-00579-00384944-00385688 or who but it was an anti-pfof letter but then now they're the ones that benefit uh greatly from it
xGgBftVVLSI-00580-00385688-00386552 so it's just it's it's pretty funny man it's uh it's so it's it's so interesting um what's going
xGgBftVVLSI-00581-00386552-00387600 on and uh the fact that now that we have eyes on it um it's just uh it it can put the the edge in
xGgBftVVLSI-00582-00387600-00388232 the little guy's favor which i i don't think has ever happened before um and so it's a brilliant
xGgBftVVLSI-00583-00388232-00388848 thing um and and a lot of people are excited about you know regulations going forward and
xGgBftVVLSI-00584-00388968-00389576 maybe our kids can be able to invest fairly but i mean for me i'm in and once this play is done
xGgBftVVLSI-00585-00389576-00390464 i'm out forever uh it's just i've seen too much man it can get pretty depressing when you realize
xGgBftVVLSI-00586-00390520-00391136 why the lower class has been the lower class and you know there's obvious it's obviously a more
xGgBftVVLSI-00587-00391136-00391816 convoluted situation than just that statement but um there there's reasons why there's such a
xGgBftVVLSI-00588-00391816-00392376 huge wealth inequality gap in the united states and the stock market is one of those reasons
xGgBftVVLSI-00589-00392584-00393256 um well you know i i want to respect your time and and thank you very much jackson um this is
xGgBftVVLSI-00590-00393360-00393792 enlightening um i mean i've never been having a blast with your bruce i'm just having a blast
xGgBftVVLSI-00591-00393856-00394416 i've never seen anything like it um i i can only like you know reach back to things like uh you
xGgBftVVLSI-00592-00394416-00394992 know uh tulip bulbs and and uh well you know the stock market back in the like kind of uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00593-00394992-00395448 you know stock options with the tech market back in the in 2000 but like
xGgBftVVLSI-00594-00395448-00396032 uh uh there's some things but this is way worse i mean like this is crazy stuff um
xGgBftVVLSI-00595-00396256-00396864 and um uh we're getting questions coming in now um i don't know if you want to answer that or you've
xGgBftVVLSI-00596-00396928-00397280 you know you can answer them offline uh if you like uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00597-00397280-00397736 it this is um you know like i said i want to respect your time uh if you're
xGgBftVVLSI-00598-00397968-00398600 have maybe one or two more questions then uh you you tell me yeah let's do uh two more
xGgBftVVLSI-00599-00398600-00399312 questions okay all right so that that'll uh work out well here um so let's see uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00600-00399488-00399960 if we get to the point not just the point where basically all investment strategy
xGgBftVVLSI-00601-00399960-00400416 is hoping that the sec will hold hedge funds accountable and tank capitalism
xGgBftVVLSI-00602-00400504-00401088 well i guess it's more of a comment than it is a a question chris is asking though
xGgBftVVLSI-00603-00401088-00401792 i understand how it works with amc example but why does it happen i mean a lot of buyers got ftds
xGgBftVVLSI-00604-00401792-00402408 that's why the market makers need to hedge their position or why does the bullish move happen
xGgBftVVLSI-00605-00402768-00403488 okay so yeah that's a that's a difficult one to answer because
xGgBftVVLSI-00606-00403632-00404272 of the opacity in the stock market so for example uh the june 2nd run up from it went from about
xGgBftVVLSI-00607-00404272-00404920 eight dollars to 77 dollars with nearly a 1 000 move in a couple of weeks so why did that happen
xGgBftVVLSI-00608-00404920-00405808 um no it's it's very difficult to tell you that because for for some reason out of nowhere volume
xGgBftVVLSI-00609-00405808-00406512 again speaking of uh great volume it just started coming in and it towards late may in in the first
xGgBftVVLSI-00610-00406512-00407360 two days of june you just saw extreme volume and obviously that's not retail just all of a sudden
xGgBftVVLSI-00611-00407360-00407936 piling in there's no way even if they tried to coordinate something like that it's it's not like
xGgBftVVLSI-00612-00407936-00408424 it's not a plausible thing to coordinate that much volume um so that's definitely
xGgBftVVLSI-00613-00408424-00409048 not the case it's not retail piling in all at once well then if it's not retail who is it
xGgBftVVLSI-00614-00409048-00409584 uh institutions i mean those are the only two main groups that i can think of in the stock
xGgBftVVLSI-00615-00409584-00410072 market you have retail and you have institutions then obviously you have insider buying but that
xGgBftVVLSI-00616-00410072-00410543 that was not the case they don't have that much money so who has the type of money to create
xGgBftVVLSI-00617-00410543-00411447 that volume and to create that price movement uh institutions so you know i don't know i don't know
xGgBftVVLSI-00618-00411543-00412232 i don't know what causes the great price movements all i know is that um in my eyes they are likely
xGgBftVVLSI-00619-00412232-00412912 to happen when you see the um the measurements of ftds and short exempt and short volume and
xGgBftVVLSI-00620-00412912-00413552 volume in general off the richter you're likely to see great price movement but it's a phenomenal
xGgBftVVLSI-00621-00413552-00414128 question and it's something that you know millions of us apes have been trying to figure out like
xGgBftVVLSI-00622-00414200-00414880 okay why on this date you know we know we know why it happened in gen this doesn't show january but
xGgBftVVLSI-00623-00414880-00415528 we know why the january 28th move happened we we know why that was just that was retail that was
xGgBftVVLSI-00624-00415528-00416168 just straight up retail buying pressure and the stocks were heavily shorted um and so you got all
xGgBftVVLSI-00625-00416168-00416616 these call options in the money and some people probably exercise them so that just pushes it
xGgBftVVLSI-00626-00416616-00417432 up more uh so that was a retail surge uh january 2021 but like the june movement of amc and then
xGgBftVVLSI-00627-00417432-00418176 gme has had similar movements up to 350. uh i can't i can't give you an answer i i wish i knew
xGgBftVVLSI-00628-00418176-00418632 um i have a feeling it has something to do with the algorithmic trading from
xGgBftVVLSI-00629-00418632-00419424 high frequency uh trading systems because it's not retail all of a sudden just pi like just for
xGgBftVVLSI-00630-00419424-00420032 an example of mathematically or like numbers wise whatever i'm not i'm not like smart with math but
xGgBftVVLSI-00631-00420104-00421056 amc typically averages like 35 to 40 million daily volume uh so june 2nd i mean the volume was
xGgBftVVLSI-00632-00421152-00421624 much much much much higher than that so retail doesn't have that type of
xGgBftVVLSI-00633-00421624-00422216 money we we just don't we don't we make up about 30 of the market uh i think um
xGgBftVVLSI-00634-00422304-00422864 not money wise but like individual wise but we don't have that type of money to create like
xGgBftVVLSI-00635-00422928-00423512 500 million transactional volume for a stock that normally does less than 10 of that so
xGgBftVVLSI-00636-00423672-00424720 i don't know i don't know yeah yeah yeah that's a it's a really odd you know phenomena so um yeah i
xGgBftVVLSI-00637-00424720-00425328 i mean one more question here like a spot is asking so what happens after 35 days on ftds
xGgBftVVLSI-00638-00425568-00426224 great question what is supposed to happen are so for example this is uh amc
xGgBftVVLSI-00639-00426224-00427000 on february 14th valentine's day there were 531 000 ftds and then the t plus 35 so that's
xGgBftVVLSI-00640-00427000-00428128 35 calendar days from when the ftds uh happened um you're supposed to see these 531 000 shares
xGgBftVVLSI-00641-00428128-00428896 bought back into the stock on march 21st that's it's just supposed to be delivered because it
xGgBftVVLSI-00642-00428896-00429312 was never delivered in the first place you you were delivered something it's an iou
xGgBftVVLSI-00643-00429447-00430032 there's this uh you know semi i don't know for lack of a better term semi-famous quote
xGgBftVVLSI-00644-00430032-00430624 from patrick byrne this the the chairman of overstock uh and he's speaking to these
xGgBftVVLSI-00645-00430624-00431000 guys in a presentation and he goes and it's a room of investors and he goes
xGgBftVVLSI-00646-00431352-00431912 hold stocks in companies and almost all of them raise their hand and he goes actually that's
xGgBftVVLSI-00647-00431912-00432576 incorrect and then he goes on to explain like in this in-depth uh presentation how you actually
xGgBftVVLSI-00648-00432576-00433192 just hold a representation of a share you know you hold a you hold a iou of a share many times so
xGgBftVVLSI-00649-00433256-00433888 uh it's just man we could go off on so many tangents and um have an awesome conversation
xGgBftVVLSI-00650-00433888-00434439 and maybe we'll do it again sometime but yeah what's supposed to happen is these 531 000 shares
xGgBftVVLSI-00651-00434439-00435064 are supposed to be bought in the amc by march 21st a lot of times it doesn't happen though
xGgBftVVLSI-00652-00435320-00436239 so that's the accountability uh element on it um supposedly yeah supposedly um yeah yeah well you
xGgBftVVLSI-00653-00436239-00436792 know thank you very much hunter i mean this is really eye-opening and uh i've never really come
xGgBftVVLSI-00654-00436792-00437600 across or seen anything quite like it to be honest um so yeah really really interesting stuff uh and
xGgBftVVLSI-00655-00437672-00438400 uh yeah we'll have the uh recording up uh and uh you know people can ask questions in here uh and
xGgBftVVLSI-00656-00438400-00439008 yeah we'll uh you know we'll do it again sometime uh and take a look more i think maybe at some uh
xGgBftVVLSI-00657-00439135-00439704 directional moves also in bookmap uh and the uh you know when you you can start to see some of
xGgBftVVLSI-00658-00439704-00440424 that volume really come in uh also uh in in the daily you know in the daily chart and bookmap um
xGgBftVVLSI-00659-00440520-00441256 and you know really start to understand some of it um so uh maybe that we can cover a
xGgBftVVLSI-00660-00441256-00441824 little bit of strategy on that um but uh yeah other than that uh you know uh since you're a
xGgBftVVLSI-00661-00441824-00442280 youtuber and we're uh starting to do a lot more on youtube i gotta say like uh uh you
xGgBftVVLSI-00662-00442280-00442728 know if you like the but if you like the webinar please click like and uh subscribe to our channel
xGgBftVVLSI-00663-00442896-00443472 yeah subscribe to bookmap they are awesome don't mind subscribing to me i'm just some
xGgBftVVLSI-00664-00443472-00444072 rambling idiot but uh subscribe to bookmap for sure man bruce i appreciate you i appreciate
xGgBftVVLSI-00665-00444072-00444543 everybody that's in here um i love you guys hopefully you have a beautiful weekend and
xGgBftVVLSI-00666-00444543-00445384 hopefully we'll do this again soon yeah thank you very much all right peace out okay take care bye
xJl0lbPD2F8-00000-00000438-00000893 Inverse Functions - Part II
xJl0lbPD2F8-00001-00000893-00001495 You should be familiar with inverse functions and one-to-one functions. In this lesson,
xJl0lbPD2F8-00002-00001495-00002009 we will define inverses for some common functions.
xJl0lbPD2F8-00003-00002009-00002689 This is the graph of the exponential function, a continuous, increasing, one-to-one function.
xJl0lbPD2F8-00004-00002689-00003421 It is a function, since each x-value produces only one y-value, that is, it passes the vertical
xJl0lbPD2F8-00005-00003421-00004276 line test. It is one-to-one, since each y-value corresponds to only one x-value, that is,
xJl0lbPD2F8-00006-00004276-00004867 it passes the horizontal line test. We can easily find the complete inverse function
xJl0lbPD2F8-00007-00004867-00005805 by interchanging x and y. The inverse function is called the logarithm function.
xJl0lbPD2F8-00008-00005805-00006319 Certain functions are not one-to-one, so we must restrict the domain to a portion of the
xJl0lbPD2F8-00009-00006319-00007270 graph that is one-to-one to find an inverse. For example, the function y = x^2 is not one-to-one,
xJl0lbPD2F8-00010-00007270-00008103 each y-value corresponds to two x-values, one positive, one negative. If we interchange
xJl0lbPD2F8-00011-00008103-00009002 x and y, we get a graph that is not a function. When defining the function y = √ x to be
xJl0lbPD2F8-00012-00009002-00009570 the inverse of squaring, we need to make a decision as to which branch of the graph to
xJl0lbPD2F8-00013-00009570-00010331 use. For the square root function, we choose the positive answer. We can achieve the same
xJl0lbPD2F8-00014-00010331-00011240 effect by returning to the function y = x^2 and choosing a branch that is one-to-one.
xJl0lbPD2F8-00015-00011240-00012050 Two other functions that are not one-to-one are y = sin x and y = cos x. Here is a graph
xJl0lbPD2F8-00016-00012050-00013036 of y = sin x. We use the same technique, choosing a portion of the graph that is one-to-one.
xJl0lbPD2F8-00017-00013036-00013880 y = sin x has its minimum y-value at -1 and maximum at 1.
xJl0lbPD2F8-00018-00013880-00014483 We restrict the domain to a portion of the graph that is one-to-one. If we interchange
xJl0lbPD2F8-00019-00014483-00015275 x and y on this portion of the graph, we get an inverse function for y = sin x. Let’s
xJl0lbPD2F8-00020-00015275-00015934 see this again using the entire function. If we interchange x and y, we will get a graph
xJl0lbPD2F8-00021-00015934-00016503 that is not a function. We need to choose a portion of the graph that is a function
xJl0lbPD2F8-00022-00016503-00016833 to serve as the inverse.
xJl0lbPD2F8-00023-00016833-00017474 To recap: If a function is one-to-one, we can find the inverse by interchanging x and
xJl0lbPD2F8-00024-00017474-00018069 y. If a function is not one-to-one, we need to restrict the domain to a portion of the
xJl0lbPD2F8-00025-00018069-00018406 graph that is one-to-one to find an inverse.
xL-fDBFNP48-00000-00000040-00000712 On this record day nice to be on a record positive day isn't it where we saw the Dow soaring
xL-fDBFNP48-00001-00000712-00001392 at one point in fact it was up over 1600 points gaining over 5.5% so Chris what
xL-fDBFNP48-00002-00001392-00001912 do you make of the action today well you know Nicole, I think that the economic data has been
xL-fDBFNP48-00003-00001912-00002424 good for quite some time now um in my experience the market is always looking for certainty
xL-fDBFNP48-00004-00002424-00003096 and with the somewhat certain election outcome and combined with the fact that
xL-fDBFNP48-00005-00003096-00003447 it looks like we're going to be getting a vaccine a lot of this economic data that
xL-fDBFNP48-00006-00003447-00003784 nobody's really talking about is really starting to come to light so for example
xL-fDBFNP48-00007-00003784-00004216 you know right now companies are really focused on earnings just over the month of October
xL-fDBFNP48-00008-00004216-00004784 we had 62 dividend increases actually over the past week you know not to mention that corporate
xL-fDBFNP48-00009-00004784-00005200 earnings report the corporate spendings that anticipate to grow by about 10 percent next year
xL-fDBFNP48-00010-00005424-00006072 I saw that 62 dividend increases you know a lot of the companies that we've been
xL-fDBFNP48-00011-00006072-00006520 watching have been doing layoffs they had to reduce their dividend and people love to
xL-fDBFNP48-00012-00006520-00007159 invest in the dividend aristocrats those that keep raising over 25 years is that
xL-fDBFNP48-00013-00007159-00007720 a time for investment as you see corporate spending I know is something you're watching
xL-fDBFNP48-00014-00007776-00008320 and a little bit of a bounce-back what about investing here well I mean I think we're starting
xL-fDBFNP48-00015-00008320-00008832 to see a lot of you know tech's sort of led the led the charge here but you know we're starting to see
xL-fDBFNP48-00016-00008832-00009208 a lot of industries start to come back so you know particularly on the value side like the   
xL-fDBFNP48-00017-00009208-00009768 travel leisure industry is starting to come back a little bit, in fact, 271 thousand jobs were
xL-fDBFNP48-00018-00009768-00010208 added back in just from that area of the market and I think we can all agree that was the area
xL-fDBFNP48-00019-00010208-00010584 that was probably hit the hardest but I mean if you look at you know travel and leisure you
xL-fDBFNP48-00020-00010584-00011000 look at places like value international emerging markets real estate they're all
xL-fDBFNP48-00021-00011000-00011384 still relatively inexpensive and you know at some point, they're going to start to run
xL-fDBFNP48-00022-00011608-00011944 yeah no doubt I mean we have a lot of earnings coming up too I'm just watching
xL-fDBFNP48-00023-00011944-00012488 somebody said DraftKings on that list what about technology I mean, it's certainly been
xL-fDBFNP48-00024-00012640-00013080 the group people love to watch it leads us on the way up it leads us on the way down
xL-fDBFNP48-00025-00013080-00013528 do you like tech and what else would you say should be in your portfolio
xL-fDBFNP48-00026-00013640-00014088 I do like tech as part of a broader diversified portfolio I think
xL-fDBFNP48-00027-00014088-00014456 at this point, tech is really starting to get a little bit overvalued as it relates their
xL-fDBFNP48-00028-00014456-00015032 earnings you know for example like Tesla, Zoom those companies I feel like have really had a big
xL-fDBFNP48-00029-00015032-00015496 run here but I think you know the better value is again as I said earlier places like value
xL-fDBFNP48-00030-00015600-00016047 international emerging markets you know all those are relatively cheap right now and in comparison
xL-fDBFNP48-00031-00016047-00016424 to things like growth they actually pay a dividend whereas growth doesn't pay as much of a dividend
xL-fDBFNP48-00032-00016664-00017152 right no I see what you're saying also consumer confidence is something you were watching it's
xL-fDBFNP48-00033-00017152-00017960 at obviously very high levels and we're seeing retailers doing well and cruise lines doing well
xL-fDBFNP48-00034-00017960-00018552 tell me about how important the consumer is here and the sentiment the feeling the mindset
xL-fDBFNP48-00035-00018608-00019240 because we're having obviously somewhat of a resurgence of COVID and you know we need a
xL-fDBFNP48-00036-00019240-00019856 strong consumer to get everything open and to make it all happen well I think there's a combination
xL-fDBFNP48-00037-00019856-00020448 of things as you pointed out consumer confidence is higher than it's ever been since up 57%
xL-fDBFNP48-00038-00020448-00020960 since 1990 and you know a couple things are going on if people are starting to go back to work
xL-fDBFNP48-00039-00020960-00021424 we'll probably get some kind of a stimulus package over the next few months so and you know we've got
xL-fDBFNP48-00040-00021424-00021872 the holiday season come on up so and you can never really underestimate our ability to spend money so
xL-fDBFNP48-00041-00021872-00022408 I think with the combination of those things people going back to work I think and also
xL-fDBFNP48-00042-00022408-00022881 with the possibility of a vaccinecoming I'm really optimistic about consumer spending.
xLaA_uwNroA-00000-00000106-00000648 PRESENTER: So this is example 8.3.1 from page 378
xLaA_uwNroA-00001-00000648-00000991 of Duffie and Beckman text.
xLaA_uwNroA-00002-00000991-00001473 So we're asked to solve for the temperature in a hot water
xLaA_uwNroA-00003-00001473-00001587 tank.
xLaA_uwNroA-00004-00001587-00001773 So we're given a few things here,
xLaA_uwNroA-00005-00001773-00002270 [INAUDIBLE] the mass of the tank is 1,500 kilograms.
xLaA_uwNroA-00006-00002270-00002508 That's water.
xLaA_uwNroA-00007-00002508-00003333 The loss coefficient area product of the storage volume
xLaA_uwNroA-00008-00003333-00004219 or tank is 11.1 watts per degree Celsius, which
xLaA_uwNroA-00009-00004219-00004793 you have to multiply by 3,600 seconds per hour
xLaA_uwNroA-00010-00004793-00005312 to convert that into joules per hour,
xLaA_uwNroA-00011-00005312-00005462 which we'll have to do later.
xLaA_uwNroA-00012-00005942-00006325 Let's see here, the ambient temperature
xLaA_uwNroA-00013-00006325-00006653 is 20 degrees Celsius.
xLaA_uwNroA-00014-00006653-00007173 And the initial tank temperature is 45 degrees Celsius.
xLaA_uwNroA-00015-00007548-00008023 In a table in the text, we are given the useful energy gain
xLaA_uwNroA-00016-00008023-00008697 Qu as well as the loads for that tank-- how much water is drawn
xLaA_uwNroA-00017-00008697-00008998 from the tank for each hour.
xLaA_uwNroA-00018-00009274-00009591 And with that information, we're asked
xLaA_uwNroA-00019-00009591-00010175 to find the temperature of the tank at each hour for 12 hours.
xLaA_uwNroA-00020-00010175-00010573 So we're going to start here by solving for one hour by hand
xLaA_uwNroA-00021-00010573-00010732 and then we're just going to implement
xLaA_uwNroA-00022-00010732-00011459 in a spreadsheet to get the rest of the hours iteratively.
xLaA_uwNroA-00023-00011785-00012558 So there are three methods of heat exchange in this tank.
xLaA_uwNroA-00024-00012558-00012857 So first we have the loads, which
xLaA_uwNroA-00025-00012857-00013751 are given in the example in the text.
xLaA_uwNroA-00026-00013751-00014529 Then we have solar gains, which also given in the text.
xLaA_uwNroA-00027-00015556-00016091 And these are calculated by the delta T, which
xLaA_uwNroA-00028-00016091-00016730 is given by equation 8.3.1.
xLaA_uwNroA-00029-00016730-00017074 And then the next mode of heat exchange
xLaA_uwNroA-00030-00017074-00017258 is with the surroundings.
xLaA_uwNroA-00031-00017258-00017639 We're losing heat to the surroundings
xLaA_uwNroA-00032-00017639-00018012 by convection off the tank surface.
xLaA_uwNroA-00033-00018012-00018537 And this one we can calculate with the equation 8.3.3.
xLaA_uwNroA-00034-00018537-00019085 0.3 So the first part is we need to know
xLaA_uwNroA-00035-00019085-00019576 how much energy potential is in the tank to begin with.
xLaA_uwNroA-00036-00019576-00020917 So calculate energy potential of the tank.
xLaA_uwNroA-00037-00020917-00021346 And we do this with that first equation, 8.3.1.
xLaA_uwNroA-00038-00021346-00022041 So the amount of heat in the storage unit that
xLaA_uwNroA-00039-00022041-00022398 is available to us is a function of the mass of the tank
xLaA_uwNroA-00040-00022398-00022729 and the key capacitance of the fluid in the tank
xLaA_uwNroA-00041-00022729-00022925 and the temperature difference between the tank
xLaA_uwNroA-00042-00022925-00023079 and the surroundings.
xLaA_uwNroA-00043-00023079-00023501 So if we do a quick unit check on this,
xLaA_uwNroA-00044-00023501-00023704 we have kilograms for mass.
xLaA_uwNroA-00045-00023704-00024586 We have Cp up here I could have mentioned earlier.
xLaA_uwNroA-00046-00024586-00025163 In the example, the heat capacitance of this fluid
xLaA_uwNroA-00047-00025163-00026054 is 4,190 and the units are joules per kilogram Kelvin.
xLaA_uwNroA-00048-00026054-00026612 So down here we have joules per kilogram Kelvin.
xLaA_uwNroA-00049-00026874-00027341 And all of that multiplied by temperature difference
xLaA_uwNroA-00050-00027341-00027539 in Celsius, which is equivalent to Kelvin.
xLaA_uwNroA-00051-00027539-00027874 So you can see that kilograms will cancel out as will Kelvin,
xLaA_uwNroA-00052-00027874-00028247 and we're left with joules for the units here.
xLaA_uwNroA-00053-00028247-00029363 So plugging in some numbers, we get 1,500 times 4190 times
xLaA_uwNroA-00054-00029363-00029814 our temperature difference, which is 45 minus 20.
xLaA_uwNroA-00055-00029814-00030336 Punch that in the calculator, we get 157.1 megajoules.
xLaA_uwNroA-00056-00030336-00030518 So if you just punch that in, you're
xLaA_uwNroA-00057-00030518-00030960 going to get 157 million joules.
xLaA_uwNroA-00058-00030960-00031286 So that's step one here, is just calculating how much
xLaA_uwNroA-00059-00031286-00031514 energy is there in the text.
xLaA_uwNroA-00060-00031514-00032117 Next, we have to include some of these modes of heat transfer.
xLaA_uwNroA-00061-00032117-00032589 We're going to include first the load and the solar gain.
xLaA_uwNroA-00062-00032589-00033161 And we're going to essentially use the same equation,
xLaA_uwNroA-00063-00033161-00033609 but flipping it around a bit.
xLaA_uwNroA-00064-00033609-00034174 So now we're going to include Qu and Ls.
xLaA_uwNroA-00065-00034445-00034945 So Qs is equal to, in this case, what we calculated before,
xLaA_uwNroA-00066-00034945-00035163 157.1.
xLaA_uwNroA-00067-00035163-00035556 But now we're going to include 0 solar gain
xLaA_uwNroA-00068-00035556-00036128 during this first hour and 12 megajoules of load,
xLaA_uwNroA-00069-00036128-00036611 as per the table on page 378.
xLaA_uwNroA-00070-00036611-00036734 It may be on the next page.
xLaA_uwNroA-00071-00036734-00037300 I forget if it's on the next page or not, 379.
xLaA_uwNroA-00072-00037300-00037623 So when we calculate that, including
xLaA_uwNroA-00073-00037623-00038027 those important gains and losses,
xLaA_uwNroA-00074-00038027-00038818 we end up with 145.1 megajoules.
xLaA_uwNroA-00075-00038818-00039465 And that is equal to the mass of our tank, 1,500, times Cp,
xLaA_uwNroA-00076-00039465-00040262 4190, times-- we're going to call this T intermediate right
xLaA_uwNroA-00077-00040262-00040663 here, so as we finish this calculation, that
xLaA_uwNroA-00078-00040663-00041138 will make sense-- minus the ambient temperature.
xLaA_uwNroA-00079-00041138-00041784 Solving for T intermediate, we get
xLaA_uwNroA-00080-00041784-00042231 that it is equal to 43.09 degrees Celsius.
xLaA_uwNroA-00081-00042231-00042401 0.1 either way.
xLaA_uwNroA-00082-00042401-00043007 So you take 145 right here, divide it by 1,500,
xLaA_uwNroA-00083-00043007-00043577 divide it by 4190, and then add 20 back on to the other side.
xLaA_uwNroA-00084-00043577-00044005 And then you get intermediate temperature, 43.09.
xLaA_uwNroA-00085-00044005-00045352 So next, we have to include-- so come up here
xLaA_uwNroA-00086-00045352-00045608 to the top of the page again.
xLaA_uwNroA-00087-00045608-00046202 So now we're going to include loss to our surroundings.
xLaA_uwNroA-00088-00046629-00047560 For that, we're going to use equation 8.3.3.
xLaA_uwNroA-00089-00047560-00047867 Ts plus, so time at the next time step
xLaA_uwNroA-00090-00047867-00048506 essentially is equal to Rt intermediate,
xLaA_uwNroA-00091-00048506-00048932 or essentially the temperature of the tank
xLaA_uwNroA-00092-00048932-00049960 in light of the loads and gains plus our time step
xLaA_uwNroA-00093-00049960-00050520 divided by MCP, mass of the tank and the heat capacitance
xLaA_uwNroA-00094-00050520-00050904 of that heat transfer fluid.
xLaA_uwNroA-00095-00050904-00051690 Again, the useful energy gain, the loads, and now heat
xLaA_uwNroA-00096-00051690-00052652 conductive losses times Ts minus Ta.
xLaA_uwNroA-00097-00052652-00053016 Sorry for running out of room up here.
xLaA_uwNroA-00098-00053016-00053289 Just squeaking it in on the edge there.
xLaA_uwNroA-00099-00053289-00054141 So here we have our T intermediate is 43.1.
xLaA_uwNroA-00100-00054141-00054516 Our timestep is-- I should make that a lowercase t, actually--
xLaA_uwNroA-00101-00054516-00054774 timestep is one hour.
xLaA_uwNroA-00102-00054774-00055479 Mass is 1,500 Cp is still 4190.
xLaA_uwNroA-00103-00055479-00055632 Qu is still 0.
xLaA_uwNroA-00104-00055632-00055841 Loads are still 12.
xLaA_uwNroA-00105-00055841-00056761 Ua is 11.1 times 3,600.
xLaA_uwNroA-00106-00056761-00057254 Ts is 45 and Ta is 20.
xLaA_uwNroA-00107-00057254-00057491 So once you plug all those numbers in,
xLaA_uwNroA-00108-00057491-00058255 you end up with 43.1 plus an additional loss, which
xLaA_uwNroA-00109-00058255-00059167 is negative 0.16.
xLaA_uwNroA-00110-00059167-00060305 So you end up with Ts plus equals 42.9 degrees
xLaA_uwNroA-00111-00060305-00060545 Celsius for the end of hour 1.
xLaA_uwNroA-00112-00061427-00061937 So the table from page 378 gives us these 12 hours.
xLaA_uwNroA-00113-00062301-00062659 And then next, we're given the solar energy gain at each hour,
xLaA_uwNroA-00114-00062659-00062853 and we're given the load profile at each hour.
xLaA_uwNroA-00115-00062853-00063501 So for this first piece, we have 0 solar gain
xLaA_uwNroA-00116-00063501-00063779 and 12 megajoules of loss.
xLaA_uwNroA-00117-00063779-00064298 And the initial temperature is 45 degrees.
xLaA_uwNroA-00118-00064298-00064479 So let me clear these contents here
xLaA_uwNroA-00119-00064479-00064796 so we can type them all in.
xLaA_uwNroA-00120-00064796-00064963 Over here on the right, you can see I've
xLaA_uwNroA-00121-00064963-00065176 set up the system parameters.
xLaA_uwNroA-00122-00065176-00065740 Heat capacitance of the tank is 4190, mass of the tank 1500.
xLaA_uwNroA-00123-00065740-00066069 Ambient temperature is 20 degree Celsius.
xLaA_uwNroA-00124-00066069-00066371 And the heat loss coefficient is 11.1,
xLaA_uwNroA-00125-00066371-00066974 which is equal to 39,960 joules per hour.
xLaA_uwNroA-00126-00066974-00067175 So I have to change the units on that one,
xLaA_uwNroA-00127-00067175-00067342 because we're looking at hourly data.
xLaA_uwNroA-00128-00067639-00068300 So for this first thing here, Qs, how much energy
xLaA_uwNroA-00129-00068300-00068713 is in the tank, essentially?
xLaA_uwNroA-00130-00068713-00069346 So that's equal to the mass of the tank times the heat
xLaA_uwNroA-00131-00069346-00069971 capacitance of the fluid times the temperature difference.
xLaA_uwNroA-00132-00069971-00070415 So 45 minus T ambient.
xLaA_uwNroA-00133-00070777-00071052 And we want this in megajoules, because that's
xLaA_uwNroA-00134-00071052-00071333 the units of our solar gains and loads.
xLaA_uwNroA-00135-00071333-00071823 So we're going to divide by 10 to the 6
xLaA_uwNroA-00136-00071823-00072067 to convert from joules to megajoules.
xLaA_uwNroA-00137-00072067-00072417 Because as you can see, our heat capacitance
xLaA_uwNroA-00138-00072417-00072640 is in units of joules per kilograms Kelvin.
xLaA_uwNroA-00139-00072640-00072789 So you've really got to make sure
xLaA_uwNroA-00140-00072789-00073001 that you're tracking your units through this stuff.
xLaA_uwNroA-00141-00073001-00073389 And I that really throw your answers off in any situation.
xLaA_uwNroA-00142-00073772-00074077 And in order to be able to drag this column all
xLaA_uwNroA-00143-00074077-00074325 the way to the ground, everything
xLaA_uwNroA-00144-00074325-00074675 that's from the parameters section
xLaA_uwNroA-00145-00074675-00075126 needs to have those cells held so
xLaA_uwNroA-00146-00075126-00075316 that they don't move anywhere.
xLaA_uwNroA-00147-00075316-00075490 So you get 157.
xLaA_uwNroA-00148-00075490-00076006 If we look back at what we calculated before,
xLaA_uwNroA-00149-00076006-00076634 you can see that that is exactly what we got right here, 157
xLaA_uwNroA-00150-00076634-00076907 megajoules for that first step.
xLaA_uwNroA-00151-00076907-00077120 So that's great.
xLaA_uwNroA-00152-00077120-00077429 That equation looks like we've implemented it correctly.
xLaA_uwNroA-00153-00077429-00077823 So then we move on to the next cell, this T intermediate.
xLaA_uwNroA-00154-00077823-00078900 And for this one, we want to add up the different loads
xLaA_uwNroA-00155-00078900-00079352 and gains in light of the ambient temperature
xLaA_uwNroA-00156-00079352-00079544 to figure out what the temperature of the tank
xLaA_uwNroA-00157-00079544-00079797 is in light of those factors.
xLaA_uwNroA-00158-00079797-00080579 So we're going to have our solar gains minus our loads
xLaA_uwNroA-00159-00080579-00081343 plus the ambient or the total tank potential energy,
xLaA_uwNroA-00160-00081343-00081720 essentially, in light of the temperature difference.
xLaA_uwNroA-00161-00081720-00081968 And now we have to multiply it by 10
xLaA_uwNroA-00162-00081968-00082394 to the 6th for the megajoules and joules conversion.
xLaA_uwNroA-00163-00082394-00082540 Because those are in megajoules, we
xLaA_uwNroA-00164-00082540-00082738 want to get back into joules briefly
xLaA_uwNroA-00165-00082738-00082984 for this intermediate step, because we're
xLaA_uwNroA-00166-00082984-00083396 going to have to multiply by the system parameters again.
xLaA_uwNroA-00167-00083396-00083631 And then we multiply by M Cp.
xLaA_uwNroA-00168-00083888-00084177 So again, we're going to want to tag
xLaA_uwNroA-00169-00084177-00084373 these ones with dollar signs that get held
xLaA_uwNroA-00170-00084373-00084535 when we drag those cells down.
xLaA_uwNroA-00171-00084867-00085072 And right off the bat, I see I made a mistake.
xLaA_uwNroA-00172-00085072-00085182 I have 23.1.
xLaA_uwNroA-00173-00085182-00085484 I also need to add in the ambient temperature
xLaA_uwNroA-00174-00085484-00085550 for this step.
xLaA_uwNroA-00175-00086004-00086166 43.1.
xLaA_uwNroA-00176-00086166-00086613 And so if we go back to our handwritten example right here,
xLaA_uwNroA-00177-00086613-00087110 that answer 43.1 after implementing this equation
xLaA_uwNroA-00178-00087110-00087461 right here into our spreadsheet.
xLaA_uwNroA-00179-00087461-00087528 So that's great.
xLaA_uwNroA-00180-00087528-00087760 So we did that step correctly as well.
xLaA_uwNroA-00181-00087760-00088258 And then the last piece of the calculation
xLaA_uwNroA-00182-00088258-00088511 is just to calculate, well, what is that final temperature
xLaA_uwNroA-00183-00088511-00088833 at the beginning of the next time step
xLaA_uwNroA-00184-00088833-00089019 or the end of this time step?
xLaA_uwNroA-00185-00089019-00089615 So to do that, we use equation 8.3.3.
xLaA_uwNroA-00186-00089615-00089898 And this is equal to that intermediate temperature
xLaA_uwNroA-00187-00089898-00090493 that we calculated here in light of gains and loads, plus now
xLaA_uwNroA-00188-00090493-00090867 the losses to our surroundings.
xLaA_uwNroA-00189-00090867-00091015 We haven't included that yet.
xLaA_uwNroA-00190-00091015-00091253 So that's the last piece that we have to include.
xLaA_uwNroA-00191-00091253-00091560 I could have done all of the T intermediate
xLaA_uwNroA-00192-00091560-00091780 and this last calculation in one step.
xLaA_uwNroA-00193-00091780-00092022 But it's a little bit more transparent by splitting it up.
xLaA_uwNroA-00194-00092022-00092169 The textbook doesn't split that up,
xLaA_uwNroA-00195-00092169-00092722 and it makes it a little bit hard to figure out.
xLaA_uwNroA-00196-00092722-00093479 So plus 1 over mass of the tank times the heat
xLaA_uwNroA-00197-00093479-00094506 capacitance times the energy gained
xLaA_uwNroA-00198-00094506-00095248 minus loads minus 11.1 times 3,600, which
xLaA_uwNroA-00199-00095248-00096124 is this number over here, M in the M column, 39,960.
xLaA_uwNroA-00200-00096124-00096467 That's 11.1 times 3,600.
xLaA_uwNroA-00201-00096467-00096982 So again, get it in units of joules instead of watts.
xLaA_uwNroA-00202-00096982-00097253 Because a watt is a joule per second.
xLaA_uwNroA-00203-00097253-00097534 So this is actually-- that's a typo right there.
xLaA_uwNroA-00204-00097534-00097652 I'll fix that in a minute.
xLaA_uwNroA-00205-00097971-00098300 And then you have to multiply that Ua sub s term
xLaA_uwNroA-00206-00098300-00098616 by the temperature difference of Ts,
xLaA_uwNroA-00207-00098616-00099059 tank temperature minus T ambient.
xLaA_uwNroA-00208-00099059-00099299 Then we've got to close all of our parentheses,
xLaA_uwNroA-00209-00099299-00099673 to add a few dollar signs in here,
xLaA_uwNroA-00210-00099673-00099958 to lock these cells so we can drag them down.
xLaA_uwNroA-00211-00099958-00100637 C2 D2 M5 needs to be locked and K4 needs to be locked.
xLaA_uwNroA-00212-00100637-00100712 That should do it.
xLaA_uwNroA-00213-00100712-00100932 So the typo I mentioned earlier, this one right here,
xLaA_uwNroA-00214-00100932-00101063 should not be watts per second.
xLaA_uwNroA-00215-00101063-00101274 It's just watts.
xLaA_uwNroA-00216-00101274-00101425 And then that means that when you
xLaA_uwNroA-00217-00101425-00101717 multiply-- because a watt is a joule per second.
xLaA_uwNroA-00218-00101717-00102099 So we want joules, so joules per hour, the hourly data.
xLaA_uwNroA-00219-00102099-00102398 So that's this cell, you can see,
xLaA_uwNroA-00220-00102398-00102803 is simply 11.1 times 3,600.
xLaA_uwNroA-00221-00102803-00103024 So back up here to our H column where
xLaA_uwNroA-00222-00103024-00103552 we had just typed in that last T sub s to the plus equation,
xLaA_uwNroA-00223-00103552-00103819 you can see that after we do that, we get 42.9, which
xLaA_uwNroA-00224-00103819-00104166 going back to our hand calculation right here,
xLaA_uwNroA-00225-00104166-00104245 that's what we had.
xLaA_uwNroA-00226-00104245-00104553 So we've implemented that equation correctly as well now.
xLaA_uwNroA-00227-00104553-00104699 So now that we have that, we should
xLaA_uwNroA-00228-00104699-00105348 be able to simply set this cell in column E equal--
xLaA_uwNroA-00229-00105348-00105902 so this is the tank temperature at the beginning of time step
xLaA_uwNroA-00230-00105902-00106108 number two.
xLaA_uwNroA-00231-00106108-00106502 We should be able to set that equal to the temperature
xLaA_uwNroA-00232-00106502-00106929 of the tank at the end of the previous time step.
xLaA_uwNroA-00233-00106929-00107420 So if we drag that down through all the hours and then
xLaA_uwNroA-00234-00107420-00107823 we proceed to drag these guys down through all the hours,
xLaA_uwNroA-00235-00107823-00108241 and then plot it, we will get the temperature over time
xLaA_uwNroA-00236-00108241-00108461 at all those time steps.
xLaA_uwNroA-00237-00108461-00108840 And that's the solution for this example.
xLaA_uwNroA-00238-00108840-00108928 Thanks for listening.
xLaA_uwNroA-00239-00108928-00109386 Again, this has been example 8.3.1 in the text.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00000-00000015-00000472 Okay so, sort of we talked about asthma.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00001-00000472-00001047 There's a lot of different ways technology can be [INAUDIBLE].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00002-00001047-00001523 Some of these are sort of, happen through
xQDu6DBK8EU-00003-00001523-00002090 [INAUDIBLE] [UNKNOWN]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00004-00002275-00002891 Environmental exposures rapid changes in nitrogen partial pressures.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00005-00002891-00003449 Bends this is a rapid ascent in a diver
xQDu6DBK8EU-00006-00003449-00004078 actually create nitrogen forced into the blood
xQDu6DBK8EU-00007-00004078-00004644 in the form of bubbles that [INAUDIBLE].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00008-00004644-00005644 [INAUDIBLE].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00009-00005969-00006335 A low oxygen environment to survive and
xQDu6DBK8EU-00010-00006335-00006781 you can actually kill them with high pressure.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00011-00006781-00007403 Also sometimes if someone has carbon monoxide poisoning for
xQDu6DBK8EU-00012-00007403-00007998 example, you can really drive excess oxygen.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00013-00007998-00008047 Pneumonia.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00014-00008047-00008257 We talked a little bit about this.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00015-00008257-00008419 A chest X-ray of someone with pneumonia.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00016-00008655-00008965 Normally the lungs are pretty transparent to X-rays.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00017-00008965-00009229 You've got your heart sitting here.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00018-00009229-00009287 That's your diaphragm.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00019-00009469-00009704 Here's someone with pneumonia, a lot of things going on a little
xQDu6DBK8EU-00020-00009821-00010464 bit focal so you've got possibly a, a left lung process, maybe lower.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00021-00010569-00010833 You can't see the border between the heart and lung very clearly.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00022-00010833-00011361 That's an indication [INAUDIBLE].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00023-00011499-00012075 Inflammation infiltrates fluid in in you're basically pnuemonias
xQDu6DBK8EU-00024-00012075-00012729 can be anything that inflames lung chemicals, infectious agents, all those
xQDu6DBK8EU-00025-00012729-00013331 can cause a problem and you have aired ventilation for that reason.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00026-00013331-00013633 [BLANK_AUDIO].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00027-00013633-00014197 Compensation happen when you
xQDu6DBK8EU-00028-00014197-00014717 have low oxygen, actually
xQDu6DBK8EU-00029-00014717-00015180 [INAUDIBLE] right here.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00030-00015180-00015846 Action concentration to 5% from its normal 20, this
xQDu6DBK8EU-00031-00015846-00016385 slowly developing increase to frequency and depth of respiration.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00032-00016531-00016666 Things are being measured here, okay,
xQDu6DBK8EU-00033-00016666-00017063 you've got blood pressure you've got respiratory
xQDu6DBK8EU-00034-00017063-00017604 [BLANK_AUDIO]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00035-00017604-00018295 Actually see carbon dioxide actually dropping as the working
xQDu6DBK8EU-00036-00018295-00018785 harder to compensate for lower oxygen.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00037-00018785-00019056 [INAUDIBLE] Artificially low carbon dioxide because of [INAUDIBLE].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00038-00019056-00019761 And what's interesting then is you can actually, if you restore
xQDu6DBK8EU-00039-00019761-00020411 normal oxygen, you get an apneic period, a period where respiration [INAUDIBLE]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00040-00020411-00020908 and that's because oxygen is now present
xQDu6DBK8EU-00041-00020908-00021049 and you're no longer driving increased respiration.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00042-00021279-00021474 But now you've got a problem with you're CO2.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00043-00021474-00021819 So, you're body has to stop breathing for a little while in order to allow
xQDu6DBK8EU-00044-00021819-00022146 [BLANK_AUDIO].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00045-00022146-00022441 And so that's a common basic theme
xQDu6DBK8EU-00046-00022441-00023017 is hyperventilation disorders causes basic a problem.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00047-00023017-00023640 That led to your subsequent respiratory rates.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00048-00023640-00023932 Acute intervention for that is you know [INAUDIBLE] diet type
xQDu6DBK8EU-00049-00023932-00024734 thing where you can [INAUDIBLE] dioxide levels to normalize your [INAUDIBLE].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00050-00024734-00024815 Talk about emphysema.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00051-00024815-00024959 As I mentioned, this is the destruction of
xQDu6DBK8EU-00052-00024959-00025196 the elastin fibers, less recoil of the lungs.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00053-00025196-00025246 They can't.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00054-00025368-00025428 We expand.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00055-00025428-00025588 It looks like an obstructive pattern.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00056-00025722-00026264 You also can get that with, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00057-00026264-00026511 This is a gradual buildup of [UNKNOWN] air diffusion.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00058-00026623-00026673 Increased
xQDu6DBK8EU-00059-00026974-00027339 mucus and inflammation and obstruction of.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00060-00027339-00027702 [BLANK_AUDIO]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00061-00027702-00028058 Often associated with [INAUDIBLE] goes up with labored breathing.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00062-00028266-00028531 Bronchitis is a more acute problem, typically can be.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00063-00028531-00029008 [INAUDIBLE] Need to COPD or be part of COPD.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00064-00029182-00029308 But also can be present in, in acute.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00065-00029444-00029958 Inflammatory state, increased infections causing increased mucous production.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00066-00030529-00030660 Tuberculosis what does that do?
xQDu6DBK8EU-00067-00030660-00030724 Well this is an
xQDu6DBK8EU-00068-00030950-00031181 infectious agent like bacteria, tuberculosis.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00069-00031181-00031792 Spread through, aerosolized cough particles, lives in alveoli in the lungs.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00070-00031937-00032141 And you can diagnose it with, blood tests.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00071-00032285-00032751 It takes a long time to cure, about 12 months of multiple antibiotics.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00072-00032751-00033131 Rifampin [INAUDIBLE] Isoniazid.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00073-00033292-00033656 It's interesting, it's, you know, it's been, More associated with,
xQDu6DBK8EU-00074-00033874-00034026 poor hygiene conditions.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00075-00034026-00034177 Also associated with poverty.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00076-00034300-00034570 More than a million, people die from TB.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00077-00034700-00035054 It's falling a little bit, as HIV gets more under control.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00078-00035054-00035620 In areas where HIV is under control, but not where it's not of course,
xQDu6DBK8EU-00079-00035620-00036245 [INAUDIBLE] up with [INAUDIBLE]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00080-00036245-00036561 [BLANK_AUDIO]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00081-00036561-00037021 you can see [INAUDIBLE] I can link to, [INAUDIBLE]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00082-00037021-00037541 [INAUDIBLE] and complementing this, there's a change
xQDu6DBK8EU-00083-00037688-00038465 in resistance, TB very concerning
xQDu6DBK8EU-00084-00038465-00039055 resistance to this, this [INAUDIBLE]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00085-00039055-00039221 had occurrence [INAUDIBLE] and asthma,.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00086-00039354-00039519 Delving into that a little bit more detail.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00087-00039519-00039710 Basic problem there is a constriction of the
xQDu6DBK8EU-00088-00039710-00040193 bronchioles obstructing upper exhalation of the acute precipitants.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00089-00040193-00040501 You know, you've got pollen a thing that
xQDu6DBK8EU-00090-00040501-00040776 is an allergic type response can exacerbate it.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00091-00040776-00041297 Then there's mast cells, these immune cells that respond to allergens.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00092-00041297-00041437 And they release.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00093-00041437-00041834 Chemical messengers that lead to [INAUDIBLE] [UNKNOWN] small blood vessels,
xQDu6DBK8EU-00094-00041991-00042453 friction of bronchioles is a [INAUDIBLE] active response [INAUDIBLE].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00095-00042453-00042632 The way you treat it acutely, you
xQDu6DBK8EU-00096-00042632-00042784 can just adjust the
xQDu6DBK8EU-00097-00042784-00043118 sympathetic-parasympathetic balance of bronchodilators.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00098-00043118-00043484 Albuterol, for example, will [INAUDIBLE] sympathetic agonists that will dilate.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00099-00043723-00044181 Also anti-inflammatory, mass cell action, are important both acutely
xQDu6DBK8EU-00100-00044282-00044625 and chronically in some people with asthma are on chronic.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00101-00044625-00044693 Some people
xQDu6DBK8EU-00102-00044938-00045111 take steroids.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00103-00045111-00045365 Some people take monochromal antibodies that inhibit.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00104-00045365-00046437 [INAUDIBLE] Binding to receptors on mast cells [INAUDIBLE].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00105-00046437-00046907 Last couple notes before we do the case study let's talk about cystic fibrosis.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00106-00046907-00047403 This is over secretion of mucous that's due to an impaired chloride conductance.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00107-00047680-00047919 So it's about 30,000 Americans effected in the US per year.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00108-00047919-00048170 [INAUDIBLE] total effected in the US, about 1 in 4,000.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00109-00048170-00048248 [BLANK_AUDIO]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00110-00048248-00048325 That's present across
xQDu6DBK8EU-00111-00048802-00048887 the species or across
xQDu6DBK8EU-00112-00049141-00049169 races.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00113-00049169-00049255 More common in caucasian.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00114-00049426-00049887 I actually have know the gene that was cloned in 1989 by Francis
xQDu6DBK8EU-00115-00050224-00050269 Collins.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00116-00050269-00050433 What it is its a, its not a
xQDu6DBK8EU-00117-00050433-00051192 channel but it's a pump that transmembrane conductance regulator.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00118-00051192-00051379 Here's the defective.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00119-00051379-00051517 In terms of its folding, there are a number of
xQDu6DBK8EU-00120-00051517-00052179 different mutations that can give rise to different variances [INAUDIBLE].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00121-00052179-00052422 [BLANK_AUDIO]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00122-00052422-00052739 Now you might say, well that was a long time ago, you know,
xQDu6DBK8EU-00123-00052739-00053213 why won't, why aren't we just giving the CFTR back in its normal.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00124-00053213-00053496 All with a viral vector just shooting that into the lung.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00125-00053496-00053779 I mean, be able to do that right now, right?
xQDu6DBK8EU-00126-00053779-00054176 Well, people have certainly tried that.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00127-00054176-00054351 That doesn't mean it doesn't work.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00128-00054351-00054813 Current FDR treatment is.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00129-00054813-00054941 Part of it are drug treatments
xQDu6DBK8EU-00130-00055194-00055623 that are designed to try to hold the CFTR, allow it be localized in the membrane
xQDu6DBK8EU-00131-00055623-00055907 better, some of those look pretty good, Collidico
xQDu6DBK8EU-00132-00055907-00056303 is starting to look pretty good, actually that's now.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00133-00056303-00056723 But, typical.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00134-00056876-00057229 The fibrosis treatment out is do all these things.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00135-00057229-00057242 Okay?
xQDu6DBK8EU-00136-00057242-00057626 So, it's an incredibly complex chronic disease to manage.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00137-00057626-00057810 You do, you try some [INAUDIBLE] modulation, hope to
xQDu6DBK8EU-00138-00058090-00058357 loosen up the, the mucus with hypertonic saline.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00139-00058529-00058674 Digested enzymes cause.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00140-00058674-00059344 [INAUDIBLE] the [INAUDIBLE] enzymes that digest the mucus [INAUDIBLE]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00141-00059344-00060011 anti-inflammatory agents, anti-infective agents
xQDu6DBK8EU-00142-00060011-00060228 because they're constantly getting infected [INAUDIBLE]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00143-00060228-00060479 Better nutrition, [INAUDIBLE] in the end [INAUDIBLE]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00144-00060479-00061114 [BLANK_AUDIO]
xQDu6DBK8EU-00145-00061114-00061257 And you've got physical therapy as well.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00146-00061257-00061849 You know, mechanical disruption [INAUDIBLE] labor intensive.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00147-00061849-00062184 But you know, this is anything to add to this in terms of treatment?
xQDu6DBK8EU-00148-00062184-00062323 Obviously, very complex.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00149-00062323-00062533 What's your best hope for the immediate future?
xQDu6DBK8EU-00150-00062533-00063143 It seems to
xQDu6DBK8EU-00151-00063143-00063854 work really well, right?
xQDu6DBK8EU-00152-00063854-00063923 >> It works really, yeah.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00153-00064420-00064482 >> That one did not.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00154-00064482-00064812 has not really gotten, as far as I know, has not gotten certain [INAUDIBLE].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00155-00064979-00065596 This is one of the things we don't fully understand why these are not [INAUDIBLE].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00156-00065596-00065869 So that leaves time for the case study.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00157-00065869-00066246 The ventilation devices are very simple, but I'm just going to turn it over.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00158-00066467-00066659 I'll just point out one thing as he's coming up.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00159-00066659-00067004 This is a typical ventilation device, actually you can probably talk more about.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00160-00067153-00067282 In acute, ventilation of someone, you can
xQDu6DBK8EU-00161-00067282-00067721 [INAUDIBLE] obstruction, stick in a little intertracheal tube.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00162-00067848-00068107 If you screw up though you can put it in the esophagus instead.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00163-00068107-00068485 And so you better make sure of that you're doing things right.
xQDu6DBK8EU-00164-00068643-00068822 You don't want to be inflating their, their [INAUDIBLE].
xQDu6DBK8EU-00165-00068923-00069096 Modern, devices actually still have, if you put it
xQDu6DBK8EU-00166-00069096-00069301 in the wrong place you're still able to, to ventilate.
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00000-00000008-00000425 The weather outside is cold, but at Camp Ripley in Little Falls this week, it's all about
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00001-00000425-00000525 fire.
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00002-00000525-00001088 This week, the first statewide Conservation Corps Minnesota Academy is being held to train
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00003-00001088-00001263 future wild land firefighters.
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00004-00001263-00001786 The academy is bringing in over 100 young students from all across the country to train
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00005-00001786-00002032 for a future career in firefighting.
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00006-00002032-00002535 Students are learning the basics of fighting wild fire, as well as participating in field
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00007-00002535-00003073 exercises, all to learn about wild land firefighting ahead of the coming spring season.
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00008-00003073-00003574 For many students, firefighting is a passion and an adrenaline rush.
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00009-00003574-00004343 I grew up outside, so I love being outside and working hard, so I'm really excited to
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00010-00004343-00004614 be a part of that adventure.
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00011-00004614-00005069 And where I'm stationed in particular we're doing a lot of prescribed burns, so I need
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00012-00005069-00005530 that training so they don't get out of hand and whatnot, so we don't have a bigger deal
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00013-00005530-00005776 on our hands, so this is good training for that.
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00014-00005776-00006317 Getting all the necessary tools in order to deal with prescribed burns, and other stuff
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00015-00006317-00006417 as well.
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00016-00006417-00007436 Now, the CCM Academy continues through Friday at Camp Ripley in 
xS3lwtJ0yoM-00017-00007436-00007508 Little Falls.
xT89EZ9JfZU-00000-00002882-00003154 I wake up with dirty face, as usual
xT89EZ9JfZU-00001-00003154-00003482 Kneeling before this dirty country to follow with servitude
xT89EZ9JfZU-00002-00003484-00003818 Children cry for a smartphone, here we hold bowie knifes now
xT89EZ9JfZU-00003-00003818-00004140 There isn't air max, go barefoot is the fashion footwear
xT89EZ9JfZU-00004-00004140-00004442 I don't have any other alternative, I go to a festival
xT89EZ9JfZU-00005-00004442-00004750 Where instead of fireworks, there are bombs
xT89EZ9JfZU-00006-00004750-00005062 I don't remember the face of my mother
xT89EZ9JfZU-00007-00005066-00005414 But I remember her under some rubble advising me to run
xT89EZ9JfZU-00008-00005414-00005728 When adults hear to airplanes
xT89EZ9JfZU-00009-00005728-00006038 Turn up the volume of the TVs and speak higher
xT89EZ9JfZU-00010-00006038-00006360 On this game we are only pawns destined to losers
xT89EZ9JfZU-00011-00006360-00006672 With twelve I am a man, you don't know the hardcore
xT89EZ9JfZU-00012-00006672-00006988 In front of me my father tortured
xT89EZ9JfZU-00013-00006988-00007304 To five of my friends captured and beheaded
xT89EZ9JfZU-00014-00007304-00007626 While I watched hidden between branches crying
xT89EZ9JfZU-00015-00007626-00007952 they caught a baby, one month old, and he was also killed
xT89EZ9JfZU-00016-00007952-00008268 I'm bleeding hardships and crying blood
xT89EZ9JfZU-00017-00008268-00008590 They have spit on me phlegm and I have boxed without gloves
xT89EZ9JfZU-00018-00008590-00008948 The sound of the sirens is a alarm clock frugal
xT89EZ9JfZU-00019-00008948-00009266 For me ten thousand volts aren't a cramp
xT89EZ9JfZU-00020-00009266-00009546 I'm bleeding hardships and crying blood
xT89EZ9JfZU-00021-00009546-00009858 They have spit on me phlegm and I have boxed without gloves
xT89EZ9JfZU-00022-00009858-00010220 The sound of the sirens is a alarm clock frugal
xT89EZ9JfZU-00023-00010220-00010546 For me ten thousand volts aren't a cramp
xT89EZ9JfZU-00024-00010546-00010826 I have meet the fear, the death and the horror
xT89EZ9JfZU-00025-00010826-00011158 Nobody go to the sky, don't exist any god
xT89EZ9JfZU-00026-00011158-00011484 It seems normal to me find me some corpse
xT89EZ9JfZU-00027-00011486-00011798 If he hasn't been killed he will have died of hunger
xT89EZ9JfZU-00028-00011798-00012128 They have burned the roses, we live on a painful death
xT89EZ9JfZU-00029-00012128-00012432 In wich we learn to assess this life
xT89EZ9JfZU-00030-00012432-00012742 We are just carrion, we bathe in between
xT89EZ9JfZU-00031-00012742-00013074 While the guilty play in the swimming pool
xT89EZ9JfZU-00032-00013074-00013396 Neither ages nor anything, we are all dedicated to the militie
xT89EZ9JfZU-00033-00013396-00013724 You sleep with the pain when you can't sleep with your family
xT89EZ9JfZU-00034-00013726-00014032 My brother went to fight, he said: I will be back tomorrow
xT89EZ9JfZU-00035-00014034-00014354 On lie it converted. A year ago that battle
xT89EZ9JfZU-00036-00014354-00014672 I have no one left, I only have myself
xT89EZ9JfZU-00037-00014676-00014997 Have a child see this should be banned
xT89EZ9JfZU-00038-00014997-00015297 A couple of fabrics is that I wear
xT89EZ9JfZU-00039-00015297-00015654 I fell to the floor, I got up, I fell again whit the heart hurt
xT89EZ9JfZU-00040-00015654-00015941 I'm bleeding hardships and crying blood
xT89EZ9JfZU-00041-00015941-00016282 They have spit on me phlegm and I have boxed without gloves
xT89EZ9JfZU-00042-00016284-00016618 The sound of the sirens is a alarm clock frugal
xT89EZ9JfZU-00043-00016618-00016928 For me ten thousand volts aren't a cramp
xT89EZ9JfZU-00044-00016928-00017224 I'm bleeding hardships and crying blood
xT89EZ9JfZU-00045-00017224-00017566 They have spit on me phlegm and I have boxed without gloves
xT89EZ9JfZU-00046-00017566-00017928 The sound of the sirens is a alarm clock frugal
xT89EZ9JfZU-00047-00017928-00018260 For me ten thousand volts aren't a cramp
xYnJLahcFEc-00000-00000137-00000463 We need to pause for a minute and talk about
xYnJLahcFEc-00001-00000463-00000938 what we mean by the change in a quantity.
xYnJLahcFEc-00002-00000938-00001204 And in particular, we need to talk about
xYnJLahcFEc-00003-00001204-00001562 the signed change in a quantity.
xYnJLahcFEc-00004-00001562-00001870 That is a change that cares whether it's positive
xYnJLahcFEc-00005-00001870-00001988 or negative.
xYnJLahcFEc-00006-00002106-00002312 So, let me give you an example.
xYnJLahcFEc-00007-00002502-00002812 Suppose that a worker's salary is raised from
xYnJLahcFEc-00008-00002812-00003188 thirty-three thousand to five thousand.
xYnJLahcFEc-00009-00003276-00003676 We want to be able to distinguish that situation
xYnJLahcFEc-00010-00003676-00004223 from the situation where worker's a salary is lowered
xYnJLahcFEc-00011-00004224-00004614 from thirty-five thousand to thirty-three thousand.
xYnJLahcFEc-00012-00004822-00005460 And to me, positive numbers make sense
xYnJLahcFEc-00013-00005460-00005714 to represent something getting bigger
xYnJLahcFEc-00014-00005810-00006094 and negative numbers make sense to represent
xYnJLahcFEc-00015-00006094-00006286 something getting smaller.
xYnJLahcFEc-00016-00006400-00006680 That seems to be what positive numbers
xYnJLahcFEc-00017-00006680-00006964 and what negative numbers represent.
xYnJLahcFEc-00018-00007116-00007566 So, we want to define our signed change in a way
xYnJLahcFEc-00019-00007566-00007864 that in this example the answer is positive
xYnJLahcFEc-00020-00007930-00008218 and in this example the answer is negative.
xYnJLahcFEc-00021-00008276-00008430 How can we do that?
xYnJLahcFEc-00022-00008526-00008996 This is how we define the signed change in a quantity.
xYnJLahcFEc-00023-00009202-00009756 The change in a quantity is equal to its final value
xYnJLahcFEc-00024-00009756-00009972 minus its starting value.
xYnJLahcFEc-00025-00010092-00010372 So, in the first example,
xYnJLahcFEc-00026-00010372-00010746 the change is the final value, thirty-five thousand
xYnJLahcFEc-00027-00010812-00011268 minus the starting value, thirty-three thousand
xYnJLahcFEc-00028-00011366-00011736 is positive two thousand.
xYnJLahcFEc-00029-00011868-00012448 In the second example, the change is the final value,
xYnJLahcFEc-00030-00012448-00013047 thirty-three thousand minus the starting value,
xYnJLahcFEc-00031-00013047-00013746 thirty-five thousand which is negative two thousand.
xYnJLahcFEc-00032-00014026-00014331 In the first example, the change is positive
xYnJLahcFEc-00033-00014332-00014476 two thousand.
xYnJLahcFEc-00034-00014476-00014795 In the second example, the change is negative
xYnJLahcFEc-00035-00014796-00014941 two thousand.
xYnJLahcFEc-00036-00015058-00015366 When we find that the change is positive,
xYnJLahcFEc-00037-00015402-00015712 that means the final value must have been larger
xYnJLahcFEc-00038-00015712-00015869 than the starting value.
xYnJLahcFEc-00039-00015902-00016140 So, we've seen an increase.
xYnJLahcFEc-00040-00016222-00016504 When we find that a change is negative,
xYnJLahcFEc-00041-00016536-00016758 that means that the final value must have been
xYnJLahcFEc-00042-00016758-00016996 smaller than starting value.
xYnJLahcFEc-00043-00017046-00017324 That represents a decrease.
xYnJLahcFEc-00044-00017508-00017766 Now, there's another very useful form
xYnJLahcFEc-00045-00017766-00017988 that this equation can take.
xYnJLahcFEc-00046-00018028-00018395 Watch what happens if I assume that I know
xYnJLahcFEc-00047-00018396-00018844 the starting value and add that to both sides.
xYnJLahcFEc-00048-00018954-00019266 I'll add the starting value on the left
xYnJLahcFEc-00049-00019358-00019646 and add the starting value on the right.
xYnJLahcFEc-00050-00019852-00020030 These cancel out.
xYnJLahcFEc-00051-00020098-00020404 Notice, these are not like terms.
xYnJLahcFEc-00052-00020612-00021126 I just get that the starting value plus the change
xYnJLahcFEc-00053-00021212-00021560 is equal to the final value.
xYnJLahcFEc-00054-00021648-00021832 That's not a new equation.
xYnJLahcFEc-00055-00021878-00022265 That's just another form of the same equation
xYnJLahcFEc-00056-00022266-00022451 for signed change.
xYnJLahcFEc-00057-00022524-00022764 However, both of these forms are going to be
xYnJLahcFEc-00058-00022765-00023143 very useful to us so we want to keep both of them
xYnJLahcFEc-00059-00023143-00023264 in mind.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00000-00000000-00001016 (Music playing)
xZlWtP5HYFc-00001-00001016-00001340 Authorised vehicle verifiers, or AVVs,
xZlWtP5HYFc-00002-00001340-00001871 were introduced as part of the new Road Vehicle Standards (RVS) laws
xZlWtP5HYFc-00003-00001871-00002272 They play an important role as independent assessors of road vehicles,
xZlWtP5HYFc-00004-00002272-00002684 checking for compliance with the  national road vehicle standards.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00005-00002684-00003068 AVVs are the final piece of  the RVS approval process 
xZlWtP5HYFc-00006-00003068-00003311 for vehicles that are  imported and/or modified 
xZlWtP5HYFc-00007-00003311-00003728 by a Registered Automotive Workshop (RAW).
xZlWtP5HYFc-00008-00003728-00004156 An AVV is engaged to  verify a vehicle by either:
xZlWtP5HYFc-00009-00004156-00004404 • the vehicle approval holder, or
xZlWtP5HYFc-00010-00004404-00004560 • a RAW approval holder
xZlWtP5HYFc-00011-00004560-00005008 that is manufacturing or modifying the  vehicle to meet Australian standards.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00012-00005008-00005292 AVVs add road vehicles they verify
xZlWtP5HYFc-00013-00005292-00005676 as meeting applicable road vehicle  standards onto the RAV.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00014-00005676-00005860 So, what is the RAV?
xZlWtP5HYFc-00015-00005860-00006136 …The Register of Approved Vehicles (RAV)
xZlWtP5HYFc-00016-00006136-00006452 is an online, publicly searchable  database of vehicles
xZlWtP5HYFc-00017-00006452-00006708 that are approved to be  provided in Australia
xZlWtP5HYFc-00018-00006708-00006988 for use in transport on public roads.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00019-00006988-00007172 The decisions AVVs make
xZlWtP5HYFc-00020-00007172-00007428 to verify vehicles and enter  them on the RAV
xZlWtP5HYFc-00021-00007428-00007788 have a direct impact on the  safety of all road users.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00022-00007788-00008144 That’s why AVVs must have  access to the technology,
xZlWtP5HYFc-00023-00008144-00008324 equipment and procedures
xZlWtP5HYFc-00024-00008324-00008536 to properly inspect road vehicles
xZlWtP5HYFc-00025-00008536-00008960 and employ appropriately skilled staff  to do the inspections.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00026-00008960-00009268 That’s also why there are stringent  conflict of interest rules
xZlWtP5HYFc-00027-00009268-00009548 for AVV approval holders.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00028-00009548-00009844 Importantly, an AVV cannot also hold a
xZlWtP5HYFc-00029-00009844-00010200 Registered Automotive Workshop  (RAW) approval.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00030-00010200-00010544 Also an AVV and its key  management personnel
xZlWtP5HYFc-00031-00010544-00010832 cannot have any shares or any  other financial interest
xZlWtP5HYFc-00032-00010832-00011088 in an approved RAW.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00033-00011088-00011380 So how do verifications work?
xZlWtP5HYFc-00034-00011380-00011511 …As an AVV,
xZlWtP5HYFc-00035-00011511-00011832 you will be responsible for ensuring  that legislative requirements
xZlWtP5HYFc-00036-00011832-00012204 and vehicle standards are met  when verifying vehicles.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00037-00012204-00012428 You will use the verification checklist
xZlWtP5HYFc-00038-00012428-00012752 of an approved Model Report  to verify a vehicle, 
xZlWtP5HYFc-00039-00012752-00013024 or follow other specific  requirements of a condition
xZlWtP5HYFc-00040-00013024-00013219 on an RVS approval.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00041-00013219-00013540 You’ll also consider  supporting material, such as:
xZlWtP5HYFc-00042-00013540-00013828 • information provided by the RAW
xZlWtP5HYFc-00043-00013828-00014152 • results of vehicle testing  or analysis, and
xZlWtP5HYFc-00044-00014152-00014400 visual or audio visual material,
xZlWtP5HYFc-00045-00014400-00014608 such as photographs or  videos of the vehicle
xZlWtP5HYFc-00046-00014608-00014877 at various stages in the modification.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00047-00014877-00015189 You must stay up-to-date  with verification procedures
xZlWtP5HYFc-00048-00015188-00015419 to ensure you are carrying  out verifications
xZlWtP5HYFc-00049-00015419-00015800 in line with the Verification of  Road Vehicles Determination.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00050-00015800-00016076 You also need to undertake  inspections safely
xZlWtP5HYFc-00051-00016076-00016396 and according to workplace  health and safety laws.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00052-00016396-00016760 If you need to test a vehicle for  noise as part of a verification,
xZlWtP5HYFc-00053-00016760-00017140 remember to use a site that complies  with the relevant standard
xZlWtP5HYFc-00054-00017140-00017552 in the Australian Design Rule  concerning stationary noise testing.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00055-00017552-00017688 Please visit our website
xZlWtP5HYFc-00056-00017688-00018126 to read the Guide to operating as an  approved authorised vehicle verifier
xZlWtP5HYFc-00057-00018126-00018598 and for more details about an  AVV’s role and responsibilities.
xZlWtP5HYFc-00058-00018600-00018752 Road Vehicle Standards
xZlWtP5HYFc-00059-00018752-00019016 Keeping Australians safe on our roads
xaG8BCI0sgg-00000-00000000-00000075 Lauren McKeen: Is done
xaG8BCI0sgg-00001-00000303-00001161 Lauren McKeen: I'm Lauren McKeen I am the Open Education librarian here at Northwestern I support the use of open educational resources and with
xaG8BCI0sgg-00002-00001242-00002361 Lauren McKeen: Faculty and other instructors to help them find open educational resources to use in their courses and I'm also the liaison to the Communication Studies department so I
xaG8BCI0sgg-00003-00002565-00003309 Lauren McKeen: Provide research support to come study students and and responsible for collection development within that area too.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00004-00003372-00004275 Lauren McKeen: I'm here with my colleague, Natalie philosophy, she is from MIT, and she will be monitoring the chat for us today. So if you have any questions.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00005-00004332-00005313 Lauren McKeen: Throughout the time that we're here, feel free to put them into the chat and then I'll also leave a couple of minutes at the end for us to to unmute yourselves and asked her questions then as well.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00006-00005466-00005616 Lauren McKeen: Let's, let's go ahead and get started.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00007-00006207-00006809 Lauren McKeen: Alright. So to give you an overview of what we're going to cover today. I brought up some learning objectives.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00008-00006852-00008151 Lauren McKeen: After today's session, you'll be able to define open educational resources and CO ER is an alternative to traditional textbooks for courses you will hopefully understand the options and support available for using developing and teaching with earlier.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00009-00008271-00008736 Lauren McKeen: You'll be able to identify resources for finding and using VR within your disciplines.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00010-00008799-00009840 Lauren McKeen: And you'll also be able to connect with librarians who can partner with you to explore alternative course materials. I'm one of those librarians. We have another library and Christy as who also does that work.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00011-00010284-00011199 Lauren McKeen: So before we get into the details of what we are is I just wanted to start with some context so we can better understand how and why are we are has become so popular in recent years.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00012-00011277-00012111 Lauren McKeen: According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the cost of textbooks has risen three to four times the rate of inflation in the past several years.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00013-00012153-00013422 Lauren McKeen: And on this chart. You can see that the cost of textbooks in comparison to all of the other items college expenses, the cost of textbooks is over here at the top that little green line at the top.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00014-00013557-00014625 Lauren McKeen: So the growth in the cost of textbooks far exceeds other expenses and has been compounded by things such as access codes. So I'm sure lots of you are familiar with. They are codes that
xaG8BCI0sgg-00015-00014703-00015483 Lauren McKeen: Students must access on an individual basis. It's an online system that they have to access in addition to their physical textbooks.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00016-00015869-00017055 Lauren McKeen: So we can look at numbers and data, but I also wanted to share with you some stories directly from students, so last fall, some colleagues and I went out we interviewed students
xaG8BCI0sgg-00017-00017115-00018459 Lauren McKeen: At the library at Norris and also on North Campus to ask about how the cost of textbooks affects their lives and their education and we created a video was super short video so play this now.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00018-00020718-00021699 Somewhere between three and $400 a semester when I was an undergrad freshmen five think I spent like almost $1,000 I didn't realize how expensive sex.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00019-00021735-00022776 Textbooks would actually be the even to run the textbooks for like $120 I actually kept track of all of the money that I spent so I could report it on my taxes because it was that significant.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00020-00023694-00024273 Lauren McKeen: Alright, so under normal circumstances, students have had a lot of options for how they would go about
xaG8BCI0sgg-00021-00024315-00025074 Lauren McKeen: Getting their textbooks. But since the pandemic struck finding access to textbooks has been a real challenge for all students.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00022-00025134-00026397 Lauren McKeen: during spring quarter alone disclosures at warehouses and an increase demand for shipping the shipping times at the Norris bookstore went from about three days to, in some cases, up to five weeks.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00023-00026448-00028074 Lauren McKeen: So students were no longer able to rely on physical Course Reserves as well at the library or even borrowing or sharing copies with friends, but under normal circumstances, they would be able to go to the northwestern bookstore and purchase things off of Amazon.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00024-00028245-00029601 Lauren McKeen: Many rent to use copies. But as the ones students said in the video, sometimes writing can cost up to $120 per quarter. And in the end, you still have to get the book that you don't get to sell it back. And also, don't get to keep it for
xaG8BCI0sgg-00025-00029706-00029922 Lauren McKeen: For the future, in case you wanted to use it later.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00026-00030158-00031311 Lauren McKeen: I'm sure many of you are aware, but lots of students go about finding their textbooks through illegally pirated copies online. We found out in the course of interviewing students for that video that
xaG8BCI0sgg-00027-00031398-00032039 Lauren McKeen: There are Facebook groups and also Google drive's. They're filled with course materials that students have gotten from each other.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00028-00032145-00033369 Lauren McKeen: And then the stat is sort of alarming 45% of northwestern students have reported trying to get by without the book all together. So if you can imagine a course that you're teaching
xaG8BCI0sgg-00029-00033402-00034437 Lauren McKeen: If this number is representative of all students at Northwestern nearly half of your class not purchasing your required textbook or not having access to your required textbook. It's a huge number.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00030-00034680-00036102 Lauren McKeen: Just one more staff throw in there that that isn't listed here is that 16% of students at Northwestern have said that they've dropped classes because they couldn't afford the textbook. And that was a stat that was taken last fall.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00031-00036699-00037206 Lauren McKeen: In order to promote open educational resources and other course affordability solutions.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00032-00037266-00037767 Lauren McKeen: We had northwestern and formed a group called affordable instructional resources, also known as air.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00033-00037818-00038400 Lauren McKeen: It's a network of staff and faculty who work to support instructors to reduce the cost of course materials.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00034-00038481-00038922 Lauren McKeen: The two primary sponsors of air are the Office of the Provost and university libraries.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00035-00039003-00040122 Lauren McKeen: But while we're leading the program. One of the strengths of air comes in our partnerships. So we partner with members from faculty senate the bookstore NYT
xaG8BCI0sgg-00036-00040173-00041004 Lauren McKeen: And also we've had representatives from Associated Student Government on our team before and have been consultation without about their needs.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00037-00041313-00042120 Lauren McKeen: The focus areas of air are wide ranging. Today we're going to talk about Open Educational Resources, which is something that the library support.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00038-00042171-00042969 Lauren McKeen: But air focuses on promoting open educational resources, both through a faculty grant program and through creating
xaG8BCI0sgg-00039-00043029-00043707 Lauren McKeen: A we are bibliography. So if any of you are interested in using oh we are but you're not sure what's out there, you can contact air.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00040-00043770-00044628 Lauren McKeen: Or you can contact me after today's session and I can create a bibliography for you have open educational resources that you might be able to use for your course.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00041-00044730-00045780 Lauren McKeen: In addition to a we are. We also promote the use of Course Reserves which, for those of you who don't know at the library usually Course Reserves are available both electronically.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00042-00045819-00046725 Lauren McKeen: Within your Canvas course and then also physical Course Reserves where students can come to the library and check out a book for anywhere between two and four hours.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00043-00046803-00048192 Lauren McKeen: Right now, due to the pandemic physical Course Reserves is not available, and it will be available during fall quarter, which makes a we are even more important at this time for students be able to access things without having to pay for them.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00044-00048429-00049734 Lauren McKeen: In addition we also focus on alternative course packs so I'm sure all of you are familiar with course packs, but I'll just explain a little bit about them here of course packs are packets of readings.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00045-00049815-00051411 Lauren McKeen: They're super convenient to use because it's a list of all the readings that you want your students to have for the class a lot of faculty go to quartet, which is a printing company that is in Evanston, and have a course pack printed out and then students can purchase that
xaG8BCI0sgg-00046-00051528-00052967 Lauren McKeen: One of the things about course packs, is that when students purchase it, they're paying for the copyright to be able to access those materials. That's, that's where the cost comes in and addition to paying the right care, but that's the primary cost.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00047-00053088-00053816 Lauren McKeen: A lot of those materials, especially in their journal articles or book chapters are available within the Library's collection.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00048-00053859-00054501 Lauren McKeen: And so air offers a service called syllabus review where you can email us your syllabus will review it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00049-00054561-00055629 Lauren McKeen: And we can see what are those materials are available within the library that you could just possibly link to within your Canvas course so that students don't have to purchase a physical course pack.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00050-00055746-00056160 Lauren McKeen: And we also promote timely textbook orders students can't make
xaG8BCI0sgg-00051-00056223-00057237 Lauren McKeen: Decisions about what classes they're going to take and what materials, they're going to purchase unless timely textbook orders are put within Caesar before pre registration.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00052-00057285-00057680 Lauren McKeen: So that's actually coming up pretty soon. And if you haven't, if you know that you're teaching and fall
xaG8BCI0sgg-00053-00057735-00058554 Lauren McKeen: And you know what course materials you're going to be using. You can go to Caesar and put that information in and if you don't have any course materials. You can put nothing in that box.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00054-00058836-00059042 Lauren McKeen: Out one more thing I'll mention here is that
xaG8BCI0sgg-00055-00059148-00060027 Lauren McKeen: Air as a group was primarily created to lower the cost of undergraduate courses, but the library support open educational resource development.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00056-00060195-00060680 Lauren McKeen: And adoption for any course so it doesn't have to be an undergraduate course.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00057-00061050-00062148 Lauren McKeen: All right, now that I have mentioned a few times. I think that I will administer a pole, because I'd really love to know what your experiences with Dr.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00058-00062330-00062478 Lauren McKeen: Let's go ahead and launch that
xaG8BCI0sgg-00059-00064722-00064944 Lauren McKeen: Everyone has voted I'll share the results.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00060-00065175-00066288 Lauren McKeen: Okay, what is your familiarity with OCR three of us. It's a new concept for have heard of it, but never used it. That's probably the most common thing that I've seen at Northwestern
xaG8BCI0sgg-00061-00066351-00067692 Lauren McKeen: And just among faculty in general, a lot of faculty have heard of OCR it's out there, but not sure exactly what it is or the details of how to use it. And then we have one person who has created or adapted and alert text. That's great.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00062-00067923-00068067 Lauren McKeen: Okay, so what is that we are
xaG8BCI0sgg-00063-00068238-00069528 Lauren McKeen: We are free teaching materials that our license for unrestricted distribution and modification to fit the course specific needs of instructors we r stands for open educational resources.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00064-00069777-00070860 Lauren McKeen: All we are is an umbrella term that encompasses many different types of materials. So it could be websites or tutorials Silla by courses articles, videos, podcasts.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00065-00070938-00072180 Lauren McKeen: Here at Northwestern we mainly focus on textbooks, because we find that assisting faculty reclaim assisting faculty to replace and expensive textbook within coven one is an effective way of reducing costs, costs.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00066-00072264-00073422 Lauren McKeen: And that's one of our goals, but perhaps since many of you will be teaching in just a few short weeks for the fall. One way of dipping your toes into VR is to find some piece of open content.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00067-00073449-00074310 Lauren McKeen: So it doesn't have to be a full textbook, which sometimes it can be difficult to redesign of course and adopting new textbook, but maybe if you wanted to be able to
xaG8BCI0sgg-00068-00074394-00075294 Lauren McKeen: Just incorporate an open article and maybe rewrite that for one section of your course or incorporated within video or even a podcast.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00069-00075360-00076644 Lauren McKeen: Today I'll show you two different resources, one will be a resource to find it, or full textbooks, and then another one has full text books as well. But then it also has access to smaller bits of open content that you can produce
xaG8BCI0sgg-00070-00077025-00078510 Lauren McKeen: So, to be more specific about what makes a we are open the three primary defining characteristics are that it is free. It is usually created online and share it online. And then it has an open copyright license.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00071-00078900-00079701 Lauren McKeen: When you create something that's original and in a tangible medium, you automatically own the copyright that work.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00072-00079749-00081147 Lauren McKeen: It could be as minor as a note that you wrote on a piece of scrap paper that's yours you on copyright as the copyright holder and you reserve the right to access copy distribute and modify your own work in whatever way you choose.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00073-00081282-00083031 Lauren McKeen: Open copyright licenses actually work in conjunction with the copyright that you hold and they allow you to retain your own copyright while giving others permission to do all of the things access copy distribute modify adapt without asking you for permission to do it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00074-00083277-00083937 Lauren McKeen: open licenses typically require that they use your credit the person who's borrowing the work
xaG8BCI0sgg-00075-00084042-00084708 Lauren McKeen: Or I'm sorry open licenses typically require the user credit the author or the copyright holder as the person who created the work
xaG8BCI0sgg-00076-00084744-00086586 Lauren McKeen: And then if they've adapted it they can say that they've adapted it and then they can create a new version. So I included this symbol here for Creative Commons Creative Commons is a nonprofit organization that provides these open licenses. It's a way of providing standardize
xaG8BCI0sgg-00077-00086694-00087750 Lauren McKeen: licenses that are globally recognized around the world. So there are other ways to give materials of the licenses, but Creative Commons is the most common leaves open license.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00078-00088074-00088641 Lauren McKeen: You may be wondering, the difference between something that's free and something that's open
xaG8BCI0sgg-00079-00088776-00090153 Lauren McKeen: At libraries. We can purchase an E textbook for our collection. And if the textbook has a license that allows for unlimited users, then that would mean that your entire class could access that
xaG8BCI0sgg-00080-00090219-00091266 Lauren McKeen: Textbook that he textbook for free, but it doesn't mean that that a textbook is ability license, it means that we paid for it that the library paid for it. And then also
xaG8BCI0sgg-00081-00091341-00092559 Lauren McKeen: You as an instructor wouldn't be able to alter the text in any way. And students would be able to retain the text and sometimes even with the textbooks students can't download the text. So then they would have to
xaG8BCI0sgg-00082-00092625-00093741 Lauren McKeen: Access it only when they're online and we know times right now, when people are working from home sometimes flood shaky internet and they don't always have access to internet. And so it's not always the most reliable way.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00083-00093861-00094014 Lauren McKeen: So that's one example of free
xaG8BCI0sgg-00084-00094317-00095523 Lauren McKeen: And open. On the other hand, would be free to students, just like the textbook would be, but it would also come with the added flexibility and benefits that are afforded by Creative Commons licenses.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00085-00095550-00096291 Lauren McKeen: Such as the bill, the ability to Remax revise reuse retain and redistribute all again, it costs.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00086-00096915-00097791 Lauren McKeen: All right. There isn't one size fits all with Creative Commons licenses. This is a graphic that shows the scale of openness.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00087-00097830-00099189 Lauren McKeen: At the very top is a public domain license and that would mean that if you as an author wanted to give something a CC zero license, you're essentially giving it to the public.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00088-00099258-00100017 Lauren McKeen: And with public domain licenses whoever's using your work doesn't even have to credit you they don't want to use you've given up all rights to it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00089-00100224-00101769 Lauren McKeen: Down at the bottom, the least open licenses that one is b y and C and D. That stands for attribution. So if someone if you give your work that license and someone uses it. They have to give you credit for it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00090-00101853-00102963 Lauren McKeen: And see means non commercial use. So if you give your work that license, it means that whoever is using it can't make money off of it or use it in a commercial setting.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00091-00103029-00104805 Lauren McKeen: And and V stands for no derivatives. So that would be the most restrictive in our experience here at Northwestern. The majority effect you who have created only are and probably most or in general or somewhere in the middle here. A lot of it is
xaG8BCI0sgg-00092-00104958-00105705 Lauren McKeen: The white sap why envy or be lie and see. It's not important for you to know what any of these symbols are
xaG8BCI0sgg-00093-00105783-00106302 Lauren McKeen: At this point, if ever you come across something that you want to adopt for your class or maybe you want to adapt it
xaG8BCI0sgg-00094-00106338-00107258 Lauren McKeen: And you see these symbols and you're not sure what they mean. You can reach out to us and then we can interpret them for you and let them know and let you know what they allow you to do.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00095-00108035-00108225 Lauren McKeen: So here are some examples of
xaG8BCI0sgg-00096-00108335-00109380 Lauren McKeen: Creative Commons licensed materials out in the wild. This is from MIT MIT has an open coursework project that you may have heard of
xaG8BCI0sgg-00097-00109446-00110529 Lauren McKeen: Their full courses with a lot of open material. You can Google it and peruse through their classes. It's not just stem classes. They do have some humanity stuff there as well.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00098-00110631-00111027 Lauren McKeen: So this one is openly licensed and they put their license down at the bottom.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00099-00111335-00112191 Lauren McKeen: This is an example from YouTube. When you click on a video on YouTube, you can look at the description and see if author has given the video and open license.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00100-00112230-00113451 Lauren McKeen: This is an example from the libraries. I actually uploaded this video and I gave it an open license, so that if anyone wanted to take the video and alter it, they could and they would just have to give the library credit for it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00101-00113793-00114816 Lauren McKeen: This is another example. This one is from the Creative Commons image search if you're ever looking for images to use within your presentations in your class just Google Creative Commons image.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00102-00114855-00115551 Lauren McKeen: And you'll see a whole database, full of images that are openly license that all you would have to do is credit the author
xaG8BCI0sgg-00103-00115602-00116601 Lauren McKeen: And then you can add it to your slides you could add it to your presentation slides. If you're going to conferences and you don't have to worry about them recording you are taking her slides and posting them to the website later.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00104-00116733-00117399 Lauren McKeen: I also really like the Creative Commons search tool because they have a button there where you can just copy the citation and add it
xaG8BCI0sgg-00105-00117678-00118709 Lauren McKeen: So you might be wondering what's different about opening licensed content and any non open content that you share with students within your Canvas course or in class presentations.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00106-00118932-00120567 Lauren McKeen: Most instructional content is not distributed within open license. In fact, open stacks, which is an open textbook Publishing Company organization they have said recently that the only our textbook market.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00107-00120669-00121395 Lauren McKeen: Has only 4% of it is, oh, we are so it's it's a small percent right now, but it is growing.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00108-00121578-00123318 Lauren McKeen: To live all rights are reserved for educational content that you're using to teach with within your class. That means that the author has reserved the right to reproduce the work and prepare derivatives and distribute copies perform the work
xaG8BCI0sgg-00109-00123438-00124353 Lauren McKeen: And display the work publicly. So, if it is all rights reserved. How is it that we're able to share some of this content with our students.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00110-00124566-00125261 Lauren McKeen: Fair Use. Fair use is an exception within the law that allows for defensive copyright infringement cases.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00111-00125442-00126117 Lauren McKeen: To determine whether or not something is fair use. We recommend considering these four factors.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00112-00126158-00127032 Lauren McKeen: The first is the purpose and character of the use, whether it's for commercial or nonprofit obviously in an educational setting, it would be nonprofit. So we have that going for us.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00113-00127101-00128157 Lauren McKeen: Number two is the nature of the copyrighted work the amount and substantiality of the use in relation to the work as a whole. And then the effectively use on the potential market.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00114-00128333-00129110 Lauren McKeen: So to give you an example of fair use and action at the libraries during the school year. We have Course Reserves.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00115-00129165-00129935 Lauren McKeen: And a lot of faculty will contact us and make a request to scan chapters of a textbook and make those available within Canvas.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00116-00129969-00130770 Lauren McKeen: So it would be really great if we could scan an entire textbook and make that available to the class, but that would be violating fair use because
xaG8BCI0sgg-00117-00130854-00131841 Lauren McKeen: It goes beyond the amount that is legally allowed for us to scan billable so when you put in a request.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00118-00131904-00133278 Lauren McKeen: through interlibrary loan to have parts of a textbook scanned the Interlibrary Loan folks will make a call on fair use and decide how much of that textbook can legally be scanned and made available to students.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00119-00133392-00134397 Lauren McKeen: Sometimes said a number of 15% that's not a hard and fast rule. It depends really on the size of the textbook, but it's usually between one and two chapters that we can make available.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00120-00134457-00135903 Lauren McKeen: While maintaining fair use. If you ever want to use something and you're wondering whether or not it would be infringing on copyright I included a link here to the fair use evaluator and that can help you determine
xaG8BCI0sgg-00121-00136020-00136845 Lauren McKeen: Whether what you want to use is fair. It's a neat tool where you can type in your use case. And then in the end it will give you a little description.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00122-00136926-00138240 Lauren McKeen: You can also contact the libraries. If ever you have a question about whether something is fair use. We have a copyright librarian who is an expert in very us. So if you contact me. First, I would probably refer you to her, but you can try and be
xaG8BCI0sgg-00123-00138591-00138987 Lauren McKeen: Also say since I'm sharing some links here that I'll be
xaG8BCI0sgg-00124-00139137-00139428 Lauren McKeen: Sharing let me actually right now, just do it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00125-00139584-00139842 Lauren McKeen: share the link to the slides.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00126-00140028-00140262 Lauren McKeen: So that you have them all.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00127-00140943-00141525 Lauren McKeen: Alright, so the link to the slides are in the chat and then also send all the attendees and email after this that you shot that in
xaG8BCI0sgg-00128-00142008-00143718 Lauren McKeen: Alright, so this is a question that I went to post to you all. If you could unmute yourselves since oh we are eliminates the publisher from the equation and authors aren't receiving royalties for the soul and just wondering if you have any guesses on who funds, the art creation.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00129-00144387-00144570 Alex Birdwell: Universities and their libraries.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00130-00144660-00144813 Lauren McKeen: Yeah. Was that Alex that I
xaG8BCI0sgg-00131-00144963-00145188 Alex Birdwell: Am I only know that because I just got a grant from you.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00132-00145281-00146913 Lauren McKeen: Yes, yeah. So one way that we are is funded is through institutions, a lot of libraries and universities have started early our grant programs in order to incentivize faculty to begin incorporating Oh, er into their classes.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00133-00146979-00147984 Lauren McKeen: Northwestern has an OCR grant and Alex was one of the recipients for the design thinking and communication program this past year.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00134-00148041-00148116 Lauren McKeen: But we
xaG8BCI0sgg-00135-00148125-00148746 Lauren McKeen: Open up our application period in January. So if any of you are interested in line, you can do that, then
xaG8BCI0sgg-00136-00149001-00149235 Lauren McKeen: There are other funding sources. Any other guesses.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00137-00149250-00150105 María Amparo Grau Ruiz: Yeah, you wrote a day funding institutions for research project. If you are spending public money you are obliged
xaG8BCI0sgg-00138-00150141-00150678 Lauren McKeen: To disseminate your results through open access, and it's mandatory.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00139-00150846-00150969 Lauren McKeen: So that is it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00140-00151098-00151401 Lauren McKeen: government money or foundational money. What is
xaG8BCI0sgg-00141-00151440-00151734 María Amparo Grau Ruiz: government money on European Union money.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00142-00151782-00151896 Lauren McKeen: Oh, I see. Okay.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00143-00151917-00154011 Lauren McKeen: Yeah, and the United States. The government also funds. Oh, we are creation and we are projects. One example that we're going to talk about in just a minute is a $5 million grant that went to UC Davis last year in order to expand their stem open educational resources.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00144-00154086-00155799 María Amparo Grau Ruiz: You know what I mean. Eat not creating the day research on open educational resources but obliging you to disseminate in an open sure what you have research with public money.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00145-00155859-00156336 Lauren McKeen: Okay. So you're saying that it would be open access, not necessarily open educational resources.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00146-00156372-00156531 Lauren McKeen: Yeah, okay.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00147-00156564-00156597 Yeah.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00148-00156924-00157395 Lauren McKeen: So open access the difference if anybody's wondering, the difference between open access and OCR would be
xaG8BCI0sgg-00149-00157497-00158271 Lauren McKeen: The licensing actually open access would mean that you would make that available to people, but they wouldn't necessarily be able to
xaG8BCI0sgg-00150-00158475-00158640 Lauren McKeen: alter it and anyway.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00151-00158760-00158946 Lauren McKeen: It's just that they can access it openly.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00152-00159399-00159492 Lauren McKeen: Any other guesses.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00153-00159996-00160047 Lauren McKeen: Right.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00154-00160269-00161220 Lauren McKeen: So here are three examples. The first one is open stacks. We didn't talk about this funding source, but a lot of at least in the States, a lot of
xaG8BCI0sgg-00155-00161301-00162084 Lauren McKeen: Only our publishers were started by Foundation, such as Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Hewlett Foundation.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00156-00162126-00163485 Lauren McKeen: So OpenStack was funded in part by those two sources and a few other foundations there now self sustaining and some of you may be familiar with open stacks. They have really well branded books that look all very similar
xaG8BCI0sgg-00157-00163584-00165096 Lauren McKeen: Sunni is middle one. This is an example of institutionally funded. Oh, er, so they add open Sunni they have grant program and the libraries and the university support or creation there.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00158-00165198-00166200 Lauren McKeen: And then the third example is Libra text that is a chemistry textbook in Libra text. And that's what I was talking about was funded through government grant $5 million grant
xaG8BCI0sgg-00159-00166617-00167856 Lauren McKeen: As I said earlier, we have a faculty grant program here at Northwestern and it happens once per year and week is $5,000 multiple $5,000 grant to develop open educational resources.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00160-00167892-00168648 Lauren McKeen: For a northwestern undergraduate course the grants so far have been awarded to faculty within the sciences, social sciences and languages.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00161-00168759-00169605 Lauren McKeen: And in addition to receiving $5,000 which can be taken as a stipend, or can be spent on student workers.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00162-00169662-00171336 Lauren McKeen: Or spent on printing out your textbooks in order to provide them for your class can be spent on lots of things. In addition to that, we offer library support and that is in the form of open textbook training copywriting systems, project management and publishing services.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00163-00171699-00172464 Lauren McKeen: So the easiest way to get started with OCR is just to adopt it. There are many resources for finding
xaG8BCI0sgg-00164-00172566-00173979 Lauren McKeen: Over to them today if you find something that's suitable for your class, you can begin using it right away. There's not much that you need to do a lot of OCR is available in multiple different formats. As you can see from this example here.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00165-00174183-00175632 Lauren McKeen: This one is available as a PDF so that students could download it if they wanted to, or use an instructor, you could download it and then edit it, if you wanted to. And it's also available online as a website.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00166-00175812-00176817 Lauren McKeen: So if you find something that's suitable for your class, you can begin using it right away or you can contact the libraries and we can assist you with finding and adapting resources.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00167-00176889-00177786 Lauren McKeen: The textbook. That's pictured here was one of three that professors Shelby Hajj from Weinberg adopted, she thought.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00168-00177843-00178242 Lauren McKeen: She received one of the grants in the first year of our grant program, which was two years ago.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00169-00178290-00179016 Lauren McKeen: And she decided that she wanted to take three different open textbooks. She saw content that she liked from three of them.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00170-00179049-00180138 Lauren McKeen: And turn them into one textbook. She was teaching a course that was chemistry for non chemistry majors. So she took these three different textbooks. We assisted her with formatting and things like that.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00171-00180210-00181872 Lauren McKeen: And then she wanted to print them because she had to use cases for the OCR. The first was that she wanted to use it to teach in northwestern prison education program and the students there didn't have access to computers. So after she edited the textbook and
xaG8BCI0sgg-00172-00181995-00183123 Lauren McKeen: customized it for her class, then we worked with a printing company to print them at costs, which was a lot cheaper than any chemistry textbook you could ever get from a commercial publisher.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00173-00183198-00183750 Lauren McKeen: So she printed out copies for her class and then brought them into class with those students.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00174-00183840-00185286 Lauren McKeen: Following the first quarter of teaching with it, she found that she wanted to make some additional edits to it. And so she edited again and she had plans to teach with it, she might have talked about this past spring.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00175-00185409-00186036 Lauren McKeen: But she had plans to teach with the edited updated version on campus with Weinberg students
xaG8BCI0sgg-00176-00186090-00187212 Lauren McKeen: And then that version, since she didn't need to print it out for those students. She could just make the link available for the students. And then that could be put into Canvas or the students could print at cost.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00177-00187689-00187989 Lauren McKeen: So let's see if there's anything else in the slide, I want to mention
xaG8BCI0sgg-00178-00188133-00189030 Lauren McKeen: So the libraries. This just goes over a little bit of support that we have. If you want to start using or you consult with a librarian. We can help you find valuable resources.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00179-00189105-00189594 Lauren McKeen: We could help you make copies and make edits. If you wanted to help you format.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00180-00189693-00190662 Lauren McKeen: You would just have to give credit to the author of the original. Oh, er, and then distribute to students in multiple ways. You can upload the PDF to Canvas or send a link for the print on demand version.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00181-00190725-00192642 Lauren McKeen: And you can even Amazon has a printing company within them. So you can take the PDF and actually make a record within Amazon and then share that link with students and students could order the book at cost if they wanted to. If it's important that they have a print version.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00182-00192924-00193941 Lauren McKeen: So perhaps you've looked for relevant or we are before and either you can't find something that suits your class or what you found isn't rigorous enough. A lot of elite institutions like
xaG8BCI0sgg-00183-00194052-00195651 Lauren McKeen: I've been slower to the VR game. So a lot of VR content that exists there was created or standard high cost, high enrollment courses. So some beginning level courses. If you teach upper level courses or courses.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00184-00195777-00197226 Lauren McKeen: That are maybe a little bit more nation specific you might have a more difficult time finding something that's suitable for your class. And so if you're having a hard time finding something that's suitable for your class. It's perfect time to consider developing your own we are
xaG8BCI0sgg-00185-00197355-00198186 Lauren McKeen: Since there are so many gaps. We would love it if northwestern faculty would begin contributing to our scholarship in that way.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00186-00198327-00198948 Lauren McKeen: If you're interested in exploring creating your own tense of the process would include leaving the library and
xaG8BCI0sgg-00187-00198981-00199800 Lauren McKeen: We would look for existing oh yard that may be suitable to adapt that we work sort of as a foundation that you could adapt.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00188-00199863-00200523 Lauren McKeen: And look, it also help you to create an outline for your new materials and we could source writing assistance.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00189-00200598-00202335 Lauren McKeen: Lots of faculty who are using and developing OCR work with student workers, either to take notes or help organize content or find open content on the web. So we can help with creating a job description for students.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00190-00202464-00202698 Lauren McKeen: Or just project manage in that way.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00191-00203043-00204072 Lauren McKeen: So this is an example of an open textbook that was created by Professor Aaron Piper in statistics. This is for a class statistics to to intro to statistics.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00192-00204177-00204840 Lauren McKeen: And Aaron received an OCR grant in the first year and
xaG8BCI0sgg-00193-00204957-00206154 Lauren McKeen: Originally before he received the grants and redesigned his course. The course materials were between 150 and $250 because students had to purchase the textbook. And then also, he was using
xaG8BCI0sgg-00194-00206337-00207633 Lauren McKeen: programming software that costs, I believe $100 as well as online labs and so when he switched to this textbook. It ended up saving students 40 between 45 and $75,000 in one year.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00195-00207684-00208425 Lauren McKeen: And once you make the switch to a we are and that's students savings every single year. It's not just the one year.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00196-00208500-00209130 Lauren McKeen: Um, one thing I'll point out with this book is that it says here, March 27 2020
xaG8BCI0sgg-00197-00209196-00209826 Lauren McKeen: So in addition to saving students money, which is a great benefit. One other great benefit of using VR is that
xaG8BCI0sgg-00198-00209865-00210498 Lauren McKeen: You can continue to update it as needed. So I think that I took this screenshot sometime in early April.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00199-00210555-00212061 Lauren McKeen: And I know the answer. Piper has gone in and made changes as he's taught with it, things change. Maybe he received feedback from students, maybe very good concepts that he wants to incorporate and with a we are, you have the freedom to do that.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00200-00212369-00212798 Lauren McKeen: If you want to peruse this OH era. The link to it. It's kind of small, but it's on the slide.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00201-00213267-00214365 Lauren McKeen: Alright. Finally, I wanted to talk about the benefits of teaching with OCR. What is the relationship between the additional capabilities that open content Ford's
xaG8BCI0sgg-00202-00214421-00216036 Lauren McKeen: And our teaching here is a definition of open pedagogy that I like. It is a series of practices which involve engaging students in a course through the development adaptation or use of open educational resources.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00203-00216198-00217248 Lauren McKeen: Ability to reuse your buys remix and redistribute gives us as instructors new possibilities to empower students to contribute to the creation knowledge rather than just consume it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00204-00217367-00218846 Lauren McKeen: David Wiley, who is an open education advocate came up with the concept of disposable assignments, which questions are traditional practices of giving students assignments that don't serve a purpose outside of the classroom.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00205-00219006-00219582 Lauren McKeen: So regarding disposable assignments. He said their assignments that add no value to the world.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00206-00219630-00220844 Lauren McKeen: After students spends three hours creating it a teacher spends 30 minutes grading it and then a student throws it away. Not only do these assignments add no value to the world. They actually suck value out of the world.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00207-00220992-00221985 Lauren McKeen: It's sort of an extreme quote, but I understand where he's coming from. So this answer to disposable assignments is what he calls the renewable assignment.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00208-00222027-00222744 Lauren McKeen: And that would be something that would serve to add value outside of the classroom. This could be something as simple as
xaG8BCI0sgg-00209-00222773-00224567 Lauren McKeen: Having your class write a Wikipedia article which has been accessible to people throughout the world or creating PowerPoint slides that you could then use in future courses or that other instructors can use in their courses or possibly creating tutorials for others to learn by
xaG8BCI0sgg-00210-00224904-00225896 Lauren McKeen: Here's an example for you, David Wiley, the person with that extreme quote he taught this class called Project Management for Instructional designers
xaG8BCI0sgg-00211-00226023-00228167 Lauren McKeen: And in that class. He took an open textbook that already existed, and he had the class revise it for their specific context so i i think that he did it each unit was a new chapter and then students would be put into groups and they would write certain sections of the book.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00212-00228300-00229608 Lauren McKeen: during that week or during that unit. And then in subsequent semesters after that class was done. He had his students added assessments quiz banks and other content such as videos.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00213-00229721-00230433 Lauren McKeen: Just ancillary materials to add to the textbook. The neat thing about this is that when students are
xaG8BCI0sgg-00214-00230490-00232073 Lauren McKeen: Creating knowledge and contributing to creating a textbook, they're experiencing deep learning and they're also getting experience of writing a textbook. So after the semester was done. The students could put it on their resume that they were textbook authors, which is pretty cool.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00215-00232437-00233148 Lauren McKeen: And other examples from Professor at the University of Plymouth in New Hampshire, Robin. De Rosa. Is her name. She was using
xaG8BCI0sgg-00216-00233196-00234009 Lauren McKeen: A literature anthology that was made up primarily of primary source materials that were already within the public domain.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00217-00234051-00235425 Lauren McKeen: And this literature literature anthology, it costs $90 the published version that she had been using. So each student was paying $90 primarily to access stuff that was already in the public domain. And so
xaG8BCI0sgg-00218-00235494-00236775 Lauren McKeen: Professor de rosa wondered why she was doing that and maybe it was time to start in or her own. So initially, she hired students and she had them go out and source.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00219-00236856-00237291 Lauren McKeen: This open literature which was written anywhere between 40 118 hundred
xaG8BCI0sgg-00220-00237357-00238188 Lauren McKeen: And they created a spreadsheet and then all the links were there. And then after all the content was put into one place. Then she as the instructor
xaG8BCI0sgg-00221-00238248-00239325 Lauren McKeen: Took all that and excerpted and edited it to create the bare bones of the textbook. So once she had the bare bones there. Of all the literature that she wanted to use
xaG8BCI0sgg-00222-00239373-00240987 Lauren McKeen: The semester started and then she had students work on creating from matter to the book. So the students would read the primary text and then their assignment was to do research on the author or on the context of the texts that they were reading and then write the intro to it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00223-00241575-00241919 Lauren McKeen: This is a quote from her after her experience of
xaG8BCI0sgg-00224-00242037-00242982 Lauren McKeen: Working with students read that book, open textbook save money which matters deeply towards students, but they can also create a new relationship between learners and course content.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00225-00243042-00243579 Lauren McKeen: And if teachers choose to acknowledge and enable this it can have a profound effect on the whole fabric of the course.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00226-00243921-00245835 Lauren McKeen: One final example of open pedagogy. This is from Richie's john Gianni who is a psychology professor up in British Columbia, Canada, he also is the creator of a super useful website called the open pedagogy notebook encourage you all to go visit that website. There are lots of lessons.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00227-00245969-00246033 Are interested in
xaG8BCI0sgg-00228-00246330-00247389 Lauren McKeen: In this example, he asked students in this class to create a testing with multiple choice questions based on the content that they were learning. So instead of having them take an actual quiz.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00229-00247425-00248190 Lauren McKeen: He decided that he would have them write the quiz after they wrote the quiz and they pure use them as a class to make sure that
xaG8BCI0sgg-00230-00248385-00248505 Lauren McKeen: If they were a quality.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00231-00248613-00249944 Lauren McKeen: And also they have the correct answers. These were then added to an open textbook as ancillary material after the course so that future instructors who are using that same textbook would then have a quiz already built it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00232-00250257-00251121 Lauren McKeen: We won't get into this today. But this particular example brings up an interesting discussion point about academic labor and the idea of
xaG8BCI0sgg-00233-00251211-00252063 Lauren McKeen: Putting students to work, essentially, to create something that others are going to benefit from. There's lots of literature out there that talks about this, but
xaG8BCI0sgg-00234-00252129-00253176 Lauren McKeen: My personal opinion is that if students are experiencing deep learning and contributing in a way that they will receive authorship credit than I think it seems worth it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00235-00253485-00254763 Lauren McKeen: So some practical tools for automatic it and surely you've heard of some of these, especially since two of them at least are available within Canvas now versus
xaG8BCI0sgg-00236-00254898-00255948 Lauren McKeen: This is a browser plugin, which allows you to annotate readings and websites. You can also embed discussions within your texts and share notes and collaborate on readings.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00237-00256038-00257103 Lauren McKeen: Digital Learning at Northwestern has workshops on how to use hypothesis, and I believe that they might have instructions on our site. Although Natalie might be able to speak to that better than I can.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00238-00257313-00258009 Lauren McKeen: And they also have perusal which is similar to hypothesis, but it has more features.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00239-00258051-00259629 Lauren McKeen: And it's designed for annotation and collaboration on reading textbooks and oh, we are so hypothesis is more so about annotating websites and perusal is more about annotating PDF documents that you upload into campus.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00240-00259887-00260894 Lauren McKeen: wiki books and we add you these are open content text world wiki books isn't open content has no collection that anyone can edit.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00241-00261000-00262242 Lauren McKeen: But both of these are excellent tools for working with students to create a text students could create annotated bibliography is they could update Wikipedia by contributing to or adding to underdeveloped articles.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00242-00262323-00263316 Lauren McKeen: Which gives students not only the opportunity to get experience explaining concepts for public audience, but it also increases the available public knowledge on your forces topic.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00243-00263688-00264282 Lauren McKeen: And it says we are working on putting up more info on tools from our tools fair great you know go out soon.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00244-00264564-00265281 Lauren McKeen: Google Drive. We're all familiar with this, this is a great tool to collaborate on presentations documents or spreadsheets.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00245-00265356-00266844 Lauren McKeen: And then YouTube as we showed earlier with the example of the open license video students can use YouTube to make instructional videos or do final class projects and those can be incredibly useful to showcase for future students
xaG8BCI0sgg-00246-00266985-00267810 Lauren McKeen: In the class if if students need help with learning new concepts, having other students. Explain them to them is one of the best ways to do that.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00247-00268332-00269037 Lauren McKeen: Okay, so now that we've covered a difference. Oh, Alex, raised his hand. Yes, Alex.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00248-00269076-00269460 Alex Birdwell: Their dinner up. I have a question about YouTube is
xaG8BCI0sgg-00249-00269502-00270621 Alex Birdwell: also incorporated into Canvas and the northwestern like ecosystem, or if students make a video, do they need to have like their own YouTube site and then share the link. How does that work.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00250-00270705-00271380 Lauren McKeen: Oh, that's a really good question and I don't have an answer to it. I'm not sure of a canvas plugin for YouTube
xaG8BCI0sgg-00251-00271527-00271743 Lauren McKeen: I think individually. My hunch is that
xaG8BCI0sgg-00252-00271746-00271893 Lauren McKeen: Individual students
xaG8BCI0sgg-00253-00271899-00273492 Lauren McKeen: could upload their video on their personal account, unless you created a class account that all the students can access and then you or you could just have the students email you as an instructor to make the video available on your
xaG8BCI0sgg-00254-00273627-00273792 Lauren McKeen: Class account if you wanted to.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00255-00273900-00275064 Natalie Gillespie (She/Her/Hers): One other option would be uploading it to the Conoco area, which allows you to store and share videos. That's a tool that's supported and built into Canvas as well.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00256-00275205-00276495 Alex Birdwell: And yeah, just to clarify, when you say upload the pinata we're not using YouTube then right it's just like, just go to the Conoco plugin and canvas and have them record and upload directly without YouTube
xaG8BCI0sgg-00257-00276558-00277164 Alex Birdwell: Without asking because a lot of my final presentations are moving to this format and I haven't figured out how to do it yet.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00258-00277320-00277371 Natalie Gillespie (She/Her/Hers): Yes.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00259-00277521-00278196 Natalie Gillespie (She/Her/Hers): There is a Canvas app. And there's the ability to share to YouTube from put out dough.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00260-00278406-00278451 Natalie Gillespie (She/Her/Hers): But
xaG8BCI0sgg-00261-00278496-00278796 Natalie Gillespie (She/Her/Hers): That's, that's just one tool that we have there are
xaG8BCI0sgg-00262-00278895-00279294 Natalie Gillespie (She/Her/Hers): Workshops upcoming on how to use panoptic for video assignments as well if you want
xaG8BCI0sgg-00263-00279444-00279507 Natalie Gillespie (She/Her/Hers): Thank you both.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00264-00280176-00281025 Lauren McKeen: So now that we've covered the difference between only licensed and traditional course materials make you wondering about the benefits of only ours. I thought I would just summarize it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00265-00281100-00282867 Lauren McKeen: And the first is that it's free students when cost is prohibitive. The classroom is no longer equitable and we are moves that barrier by creating a more equitable learning environment. The second is that, oh, we are is available on the first day of class students don't have to order it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00266-00282999-00283389 Lauren McKeen: It's already created. And you can upload it to Canvas and make it available to them.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00267-00283533-00284106 Lauren McKeen: The third is that it's available in different formats. So, it truly is the most accessible of resources.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00268-00284208-00284784 Lauren McKeen: When you upload a VR to Canvas, the students can access it while they're online within Canvas.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00269-00284814-00285831 Lauren McKeen: But they can also download a PDF and keep it on their machines and they could access it on their phones or on their iPads and they don't need an Internet connection to access a PDF that they've already downloaded.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00270-00285903-00286713 Lauren McKeen: In addition, there are third party printing services where students could print the textbook at costs, which is significantly cheaper to buying it virtually
xaG8BCI0sgg-00271-00286878-00287625 Lauren McKeen: And the fourth when it comes to diversity and inclusion or is not inherently diverse or inherently inclusive.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00272-00287679-00289452 Lauren McKeen: But its openness has enabled new voices and perspectives to emerge as authors, especially when utilizing open pedagogy, or when re mixing revising and curating content for our courses. So having students as authors is a way to promote diversity and inclusion.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00273-00289755-00290643 Lauren McKeen: The fifth is that open licensing allows for greater control over course content because you can completely customize the book for your course needs.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00274-00290697-00292233 Lauren McKeen: I'm sure that we all have an experience of getting a textbook and liking, most of it, but really disliking a certain section or a certain chapter or maybe the overall content is good, but you wish you could move things around and or allows you to do that.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00275-00292392-00292995 Lauren McKeen: And then finally, we are provides opportunities to explore open pedagogy and innovative teaching practices.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00276-00293061-00294006 Lauren McKeen: The examples I showed you today are just a handful of what's possible. So I encourage you to check in with me or to look at the open pedagogy notebook for other examples of how to do this.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00277-00294414-00294549 Lauren McKeen: All right, where do you start
xaG8BCI0sgg-00278-00294696-00296064 Lauren McKeen: Um, first I would say go to the open textbook library. This is a search tool out of the University of Minnesota. It is a referred Tory that has 754 books as of
xaG8BCI0sgg-00279-00296127-00297570 Lauren McKeen: July seven, that had 754 full text books in it, all of the books have been used in at least two institutions and about 67% of them have reviews written on them that were written by faculty
xaG8BCI0sgg-00280-00297684-00298539 Lauren McKeen: The library is unique because it only contains complete textbooks for use within quarters semester courses so
xaG8BCI0sgg-00281-00298581-00299406 Lauren McKeen: The VR world when you're searching for OCR can be overwhelming, but the open textbook library is a great place to start in a great place to get an idea of, of what VR is out there.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00282-00299475-00299922 Lauren McKeen: The second tool is Oasis. This inside of SUNY Geneseo
xaG8BCI0sgg-00283-00300021-00300801 Lauren McKeen: This is a search tool that will provide access to lots of those small bits of open content that I was talking about earlier.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00284-00300828-00301626 Lauren McKeen: So if you want to experiment with incorporating open content within your course and fall quarter, but you're not ready to commit to a full open textbook.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00285-00301671-00303099 Lauren McKeen: I would say go to Oasis and see what's out there. They pull content from 90 different sources and it contains some overlap with open textbook library. It has material from textbooks audio books modules courses and course materials.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00286-00303420-00304650 Lauren McKeen: So here are some resources for finding OCR. I just wanted to go into the open textbook library really quickly. I know that we're running out of time just to show you what it looks like.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00287-00304899-00305220 Lauren McKeen: Since we have someone hearing here and
xaG8BCI0sgg-00288-00305466-00306072 Lauren McKeen: Engineering and show you an example. So get this one. And that's what's of electrical engineering
xaG8BCI0sgg-00289-00306237-00306936 Lauren McKeen: So here is an open textbook and you'll see this one still
xaG8BCI0sgg-00290-00307071-00307125 Lauren McKeen: Yes.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00291-00307344-00308535 Lauren McKeen: So this one. As you can see, it comes in three different formats, the attribution is CCD why if you wanted to share it with your Canvas course all you would need to do is click on this link.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00292-00308736-00309672 Lauren McKeen: It's bringing you to open stacks, which is where the book actually lives. And this is books, then you could take this URL and copy and paste it within two
xaG8BCI0sgg-00293-00309786-00309888 Lauren McKeen: Weeks within Canvas.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00294-00310146-00310656 Lauren McKeen: So this is a great place to start to start cruising. So back to my slides.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00295-00311922-00312030 Lauren McKeen: Black screen.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00296-00312138-00312291 Lauren McKeen: What slides go
xaG8BCI0sgg-00297-00312426-00312498 Lauren McKeen: There it is.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00298-00312681-00313416 Lauren McKeen: So the first resource is a research guide that we created for the libraries and that has a lot of information on open textbooks in general.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00299-00313497-00314850 Lauren McKeen: The third one is the oasis think that I talked about. And then the fourth one is the a website that leads you to air, which is the affordable instructional resources group and more information about open educational resources there.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00300-00314970-00315327 Lauren McKeen: In addition, if you're interested in hearing stories from faculty
xaG8BCI0sgg-00301-00315414-00316545 Lauren McKeen: We have a couple of resources for you, Chris Diaz, who is the digital publishing librarian at Northwestern he produced a short podcast episode that interviews faculty who took part in the earlier grant program, two years ago.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00302-00316620-00317505 Lauren McKeen: We also have a video from a faculty member from material science and engineering Jonathan Emery talking about his own PR creation process. That's the second link.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00303-00317595-00318291 Lauren McKeen: He did a really cool project where he was continuing development on or that he had already started.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00304-00318333-00319254 Lauren McKeen: And what he did was he hired undergraduate students who run out within engineering to sit in on his lectures and take notes.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00305-00319320-00320355 Lauren McKeen: On his lectures and that sort of started the seed for the textbook, after he had all those notes that he gave those notes to the graduate students that he was working with and had them.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00306-00320427-00321402 Lauren McKeen: Edit and beef up and organize those notes and then after the graduate students were done with them. They pass them on to Jonathan, and then he created an open textbook out of it.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00307-00321585-00322704 Lauren McKeen: I like that example because it also incorporates students from the beginning. So it started with students taking notes, taking information as they heard it, and then giving it back to him.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00308-00322968-00323436 Lauren McKeen: And I guess that's all I wanted to cover. We have three minutes left. I see there are some things in the chat.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00309-00323718-00324147 Lauren McKeen: All right. Are there any questions that anyone has.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00310-00324825-00324912 Alex Birdwell: Oren when we
xaG8BCI0sgg-00311-00325023-00326415 Alex Birdwell: Find some oh we are that we want to use like the example you just went through, you say link to this website. Is there a preferred method. Like, is it okay if I just download the PDF, because that was one of the other options is one sort of better than the other.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00312-00326547-00326631 Lauren McKeen: Um,
xaG8BCI0sgg-00313-00326721-00327399 Lauren McKeen: You know, it depends on your teaching context. I wouldn't say that one is necessarily better than the other. I suppose that if you download the PDF
xaG8BCI0sgg-00314-00327441-00328458 Lauren McKeen: That that and and then link to that or upload that to your Canvas course that would give students the opportunity to access it online. Within Canvas or to download it. So I would say maybe the PDF
xaG8BCI0sgg-00315-00328953-00329052 Lauren McKeen: Any other questions.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00316-00329514-00330492 Lauren McKeen: All men that answer to, to say that if the text has dynamic content in it that is enhanced by the web version. The possibly the web version would be better.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00317-00330963-00332136 Lauren McKeen: All right. Well, thank you all for coming and listening and I didn't include my email address. I'm here are some silly reason, but I will get an attendee list and shoot you all an email.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00318-00332454-00333495 Lauren McKeen: With the slides and and then you can check back on your campus course for the video. Perhaps you want to watch a scanner share this with a colleague, so thank you all.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00319-00333552-00333597 Alex Birdwell: Thank you.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00320-00333672-00333717 Bye bye.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00321-00333861-00333888 María Amparo Grau Ruiz: All right.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00322-00334740-00334878 Natalie Gillespie (She/Her/Hers): Nice job, Lauren. Thank you.
xaG8BCI0sgg-00323-00334935-00335016 Lauren McKeen: Thank you, Natalie.
xeoxIgQiAGE-00005-00004096-00005808 If you enjoy the video you would click the like  and subscribe to the channel
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00000-00000463-00000997 Welcome to the second annual Highline College YELL Summit.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00001-00000997-00001231 [APPLAUSE]
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00002-00001231-00001368 Yes.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00003-00001368-00001637 My name is Rashad Norris and I'm the director
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00004-00001637-00001882 of community engagement here.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00005-00001882-00002254 So, I just really wanted to say, welcome once again.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00006-00002254-00002778 We here put on a summons for African American, Black,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00007-00002778-00003175 Latino Hispanic, Native American, Pacific Islander,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00008-00003175-00003476 Asian American, ladies of color, so that's
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00009-00003476-00003621 why you're here this morning.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00010-00003621-00003974 At the same time we have one for our young men as well.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00011-00003974-00004246 So, when I was out doing outreach in a community,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00012-00004246-00004396 I know some of you ladies were like,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00013-00004396-00004552 Rashad, when will they get one for us,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00014-00004552-00004714 when are they going to give one for us?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00015-00004714-00004885 So look, this is the second annual
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00016-00004885-00005144 so I'm glad that-- if this is your first time,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00017-00005144-00005244 you're in for a treat.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00018-00005244-00005538 If this your second time, you're in for double treats.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00019-00005538-00005779 So I'm just glad that you are here.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00020-00005779-00006028 Before we get started, I have to just say
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00021-00006028-00006257 if you could just say thank you too
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00022-00006257-00006570 all of the volunteers and the individuals that helped put
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00023-00006570-00006984 this on, plus you have to say thank you to our catering who
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00024-00006984-00007222 fed you this morning, who's going to feed you lunch later
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00025-00007222-00007269 on as well.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00026-00007269-00007379 So you guys give round of applause
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00027-00007379-00007483 for all those individual.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00028-00007483-00007659 [APPLAUSE]
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00029-00008103-00008673 So, it's always a treat to have you here like I said.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00030-00008673-00009153 I'm about to send this mic over to a young lady that's
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00031-00009153-00009548 going to be our MC for today-- our Master of Ceremony.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00032-00009548-00009797 This young lady is a powerhouse.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00033-00009797-00010097 She is a trustee here on our campus
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00034-00010097-00010450 so that means that she is the president's boss--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00035-00010450-00011028 which is real cool, real, real cool-- she's a local,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00036-00011028-00011283 she lives locally in the area-- her daughters actually
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00037-00011283-00011600 go to Mount Rainier which is real good.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00038-00011600-00012093 She actually is very well known in America
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00039-00012093-00012381 and all across abroad all the seas,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00040-00012381-00012623 so you actually have a celebrity here
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00041-00012623-00012869 that's going to be speaking with you which is real cool.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00042-00012869-00013269 If you look in your book-- everybody has a booklet here--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00043-00013269-00013866 and you can look up her profile, Miss Debrena Jackson Gandy.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00044-00013866-00014147 As you can see she's been in Oprah's Magazine,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00045-00014147-00014477 she's been in Ebony she's been in Essence,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00046-00014477-00014808 she has been on TV all over, she actually
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00047-00014808-00015237 has her own radio-- she had a radio station that she actually
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00048-00015237-00015512 was on as well-- which I had the opportunity to go speak
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00049-00015512-00015802 to her which was real cool.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00050-00015802-00016285 So I would just say please, please welcome Miss Debrena
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00051-00016285-00016620 Jackson Gandy with open arms and with love.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00052-00016620-00016801 [APPLAUSE]
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00053-00017028-00017511 So ladies, I don't know if you're ready.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00054-00017511-00017932 I don't know if you're ready for what you are about to hear.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00055-00017932-00018383 I don't know, I don't know, because Dr. Caprice Hollins
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00056-00018383-00018671 has chosen a powerful title.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00057-00018671-00019327 You are brilliant, gorgeous, talented, and fabulous.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00058-00019327-00019620 Did you know that?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00059-00019620-00020008 OK, so here's what we're going to do.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00060-00020008-00020367 I'm going to say, are you brilliant?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00061-00020367-00020643 And you're going to say yes.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00062-00020643-00020858 Then I'm going to say are you gorgeous?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00063-00020858-00021235 And you're going to say yes.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00064-00021235-00021465 Then I'm going to say are you talented?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00065-00021465-00021623 And you're going to say--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00066-00021623-00021747 Yes.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00067-00021747-00021930 And are you fabulous?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00068-00021930-00022077 And you are going to say--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00069-00022077-00022363 Yes.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00070-00022363-00022941 So, Young Educated Leading Ladies Leading,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00071-00022941-00023292 Young Educated Ladies Leading are you brilliant?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00072-00023292-00023466 Yes.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00073-00023466-00023783 Young Educated Ladies Leading, are you gorgeous?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00074-00023783-00024000 Yes.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00075-00024000-00024292 I don't hear all your mouths saying yes.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00076-00024292-00024451 If I see you not saying yes, I'm going
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00077-00024451-00024714 to come tap you to come up here on stage with me and lead this.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00078-00024714-00024806 Let's start it over.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00079-00025089-00025512 Young Educated Ladies Leading, are you brilliant?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00080-00025512-00025676 Yes.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00081-00025676-00025983 Young Educated Ladies Leading, are you gorgeous?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00082-00025983-00026068 Yes.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00083-00026068-00026439 Young Educated Ladies Leading, are you talented?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00084-00026439-00026582 Yes.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00085-00026582-00027081 Young Educated Ladies Leading, are you fabulous?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00086-00027081-00027300 Yes.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00087-00027300-00027618 That's what I'm talking about.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00088-00027618-00028022 Well, let me introduce you to a fabulous woman who
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00089-00028022-00028245 is all of those things.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00090-00028245-00028775 And she has a heart for Young Educated Ladies Leading.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00091-00028775-00029281 Her name is Dr. Caprice Hollins who was born and raised
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00092-00029281-00029552 right here in Seattle.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00093-00029552-00029835 She received her degree in psychology
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00094-00029835-00030208 undergrad from Seattle University and her master's
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00095-00030208-00030573 and doctorate degrees in clinical psychology
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00096-00030573-00030760 with an emphasis-- check this out--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00097-00030760-00031057 in multicultural psychology-- that's
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00098-00031057-00031447 profound-- from California School of Professional
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00099-00031447-00031530 Psychology.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00100-00031530-00031895 She has over 15 years experience working
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00101-00031895-00032177 with diverse populations, providing mental health
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00102-00032177-00032491 services, facilitating workshops, teaching
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00103-00032491-00032763 graduate courses, and she's an adjunct professor
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00104-00032763-00033058 at several local universities.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00105-00033058-00033319 And right now she is an associate professor
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00106-00033319-00033710 of counselling at the Seattle School of Theology
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00107-00033710-00034018 and Psychology.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00108-00034018-00034386 She has held offices with the Seattle Public Schools
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00109-00034386-00034709 and she also has a company called Cultures Connecting LLC.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00110-00035212-00035664 She has worked hard to balance professional and family life,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00111-00035664-00036069 she has two children, three stepchildren-- wow
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00112-00036069-00036351 that is so amazing.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00113-00036351-00036721 So would you all give a warm welcome,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00114-00036721-00037018 a YELL welcome to Dr. Caprice Hollins.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00115-00037350-00037449 Give her some love.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00116-00037449-00037636 [APPLAUSE]
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00117-00037636-00038945 Woo woo woo woo woo
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00118-00038945-00039014 Good morning.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00119-00039369-00039797 Now, I just came from the Bahamas
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00120-00039797-00040681 and I just got here to this spot, went from the airplane,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00121-00040681-00041014 home to shower, and came here this morning.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00122-00041014-00041256 So I am tired.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00123-00041256-00041668 Are you awake because I'm going to need your energy
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00124-00041668-00041976 to make this a powerful day, a powerful morning.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00125-00041976-00042277 Are you ready?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00126-00042277-00042414 Thank you for that introduction.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00127-00042414-00042673 I'll tell you something, before I
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00128-00042673-00043281 went to graduate school I went to Debrena's first book
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00129-00043281-00043403 signing.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00130-00043403-00043563 And we didn't know each other then
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00131-00043563-00043935 and I remember thinking to myself, how did she do it?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00132-00043935-00044160 How did she write her own book?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00133-00044160-00044404 And I was just amazed because I saw her
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00134-00044404-00044767 as a fabulous, brilliant, talented, gorgeous woman
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00135-00044767-00045096 and I thought to myself I want to be like her when I grow up.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00136-00045096-00045324 And here I am in front of you.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00137-00045324-00045757 I didn't always-- I want to say something-- I did not always
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00138-00045757-00046015 see myself where I'm at today.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00139-00046015-00046364 And I want to share with you a story about my life
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00140-00046364-00046907 and I'm hoping that in some way that some things about my story
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00141-00046907-00047174 will connect to your story and share
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00142-00047174-00047405 with you what my journey has been like as you think
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00143-00047405-00047566 about where you are going.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00144-00047566-00047838 Right, what are you going to do with your life?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00145-00047838-00048356 I remember when I was in fourth grade my sister died.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00146-00048356-00048759 I have five siblings and my sister died.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00147-00048759-00049029 And it was the first time in my life
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00148-00049029-00049266 that I had ever met my father.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00149-00049266-00049499 So forth grade, my sister passes away,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00150-00049499-00049812 and my dad comes from Texas, and I
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00151-00049812-00050069 open the front door-- I come home from school--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00152-00050069-00050282 and my dad is there.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00153-00050282-00050656 I always knew who he was but I had never met him because he
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00154-00050656-00050856 lived in another state.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00155-00050856-00051335 And I always struggled and never knew what am I
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00156-00051335-00051524 supposed to be doing in life?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00157-00051524-00051878 I had a younger sister that's about 18 months younger than me
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00158-00051878-00052103 and she was always smarter than me.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00159-00052103-00052483 Always knew things that I didn't know, always kind of teased me
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00160-00052483-00052789 and would say things like, you don't know that?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00161-00052789-00053332 And I remember being very shy and very timid.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00162-00053332-00053642 I wouldn't go and spend the night at people's houses.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00163-00053642-00054042 I had tutors in school.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00164-00054042-00054236 I remember when I was in high school,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00165-00054236-00054528 I didn't know the difference between a country and a state.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00166-00054528-00054880 I was very just introverted-- I didn't get in trouble--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00167-00054880-00055359 but I just worked my way through so that people didn't really
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00168-00055359-00055473 notice me.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00169-00055473-00055676 OK, that's what my shyness did.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00170-00055676-00056094 I had this fear that people wouldn't like me
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00171-00056094-00056659 and so I was afraid of stepping into my greatness.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00172-00056659-00056834 I'll tell you something else about myself,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00173-00056834-00056988 but I'm going to tell you some things
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00174-00056988-00057411 and I'm going to be vulnerable and let you know because I want
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00175-00057411-00057797 to paint a story for you that who I am today
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00176-00057797-00058129 is not who I have always been.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00177-00058129-00058425 That people don't just become doctors,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00178-00058425-00058927 they don't just become authors or owners of businesses,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00179-00058927-00059151 that there are a lot of challenges and things
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00180-00059151-00059420 in life that you will have to overcome.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00181-00059420-00059720 And a big part of that is that you're
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00182-00059720-00059895 going to have to stay focused and you're
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00183-00059895-00060183 going to have to know that there is a greater
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00184-00060183-00060577 purpose for you in spite of what your challenges
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00185-00060577-00060873 and experiences are in life.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00186-00060873-00061254 Not only was I shy, not only did I have a sister who was smarter
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00187-00061254-00061677 than me, when my older sister had passed away,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00188-00061677-00061958 she was only 14 years old-- I'm in the fourth grade,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00189-00061958-00062301 she passes away, and my mom decides
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00190-00062301-00062499 to go and work in Alaska.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00191-00062499-00062798 And when she goes she keeps us with our grandparents,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00192-00062798-00063222 we stay with their grandparents and six months out of the year
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00193-00063222-00063448 we go and live with our grandparents.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00194-00063448-00063615 And then my mom would come home and then
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00195-00063615-00063965 we would go and live with out grandparents again.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00196-00063965-00064257 Even in my high school years my mom still
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00197-00064257-00064533 would go to Alaska and my sister and I would live in our home
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00198-00064533-00064745 alone.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00199-00064745-00065124 When I was in fourth grade I think I was just
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00200-00065124-00065277 very afraid of the world.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00201-00065277-00065562 I wet the bed, I wet the bed until I
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00202-00065562-00065700 was in the sixth grade, something
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00203-00065700-00065939 that I don't tell people.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00204-00065939-00066248 And I just had a hard time in life.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00205-00066248-00066632 But something-- I don't know-- some thing
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00206-00066632-00067030 helped me to make it in spite of all of my challenges
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00207-00067030-00067424 and I want to tell you today 10 things that I
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00208-00067424-00067548 learned along the way.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00209-00067548-00067817 How I got to be where I'm at.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00210-00067817-00067982 But I first want to talk a little bit
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00211-00067982-00068242 about my family background.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00212-00068242-00068439 My four older brothers and sisters
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00213-00068439-00068800 are white from my mom's first marriage
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00214-00068800-00069115 my grandparents on my mother's side disowned her.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00215-00069115-00069261 And they disowned her because I was
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00216-00069261-00069625 born at a time when interracial marriages and interracial
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00217-00069625-00070011 relationships were still illegal in some states.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00218-00070011-00070261 And so the thought that a white woman
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00219-00070261-00070675 is pregnant by a black man was not OK during that time.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00220-00070675-00070988 My mom didn't marry my father and he left shortly
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00221-00070988-00071333 after she became pregnant with me.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00222-00071333-00071597 So my mom created a family for us.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00223-00071597-00072001 All of my aunts and uncles are my mothers best friends,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00224-00072001-00072250 my grandparents that I just told you about
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00225-00072250-00072577 were a black couple who met my mom when she was
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00226-00072577-00072950 pregnant with me and they legally adopted her when
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00227-00072950-00073172 my mom was about 42 years old.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00228-00073172-00073511 So my mom's birth certificate-- white woman--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00229-00073511-00073962 says that her parents are African American.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00230-00073962-00074748 So, I was just lost.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00231-00074748-00075177 I didn't really-- to not have your father, to lose a sister,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00232-00075177-00075451 to have your mom leaving all the time.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00233-00075451-00075705 My sister really struggled with it in that she never
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00234-00075705-00076053 graduated from high school, she went on the rebellious kind
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00235-00076053-00076356 of side of things.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00236-00076356-00076602 But before I tell you the 10 things I learned along the way
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00237-00076602-00076760 I want to share with you a poem that I
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00238-00076760-00077192 wrote to give you a better idea of what my life has been like.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00239-00077192-00077415 It's just a little window into it
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00240-00077415-00077767 and then think about what are your challenges
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00241-00077767-00077945 and how will you use those challenges
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00242-00077945-00078104 that you have in your life or that you
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00243-00078104-00078236 are experiencing right now.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00244-00078236-00078444 Raise your hand if you're experiencing challenges.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00245-00078701-00079219 What will you do to turn those challenges into your strengths?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00246-00079219-00079478 What will you do to overcome the obstacles
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00247-00079478-00079777 that you're facing right now?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00248-00079777-00080496 I am from an Irish and Scottish world-- translated,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00249-00080496-00081234 white-- who never fully accepted me but never quite rejected me
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00250-00081234-00081813 like the way they did my dark skin sisters.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00251-00081813-00082212 I am from African queens who took pride
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00252-00082212-00082685 in the gaps between their teeth until years of enslavement
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00253-00082685-00082828 divided us with.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00254-00082828-00083092 You think you're better than me don't you?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00255-00083092-00083340 That's where I'm from.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00256-00083340-00083582 I'm from a laid back, pool playing, absent father
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00257-00083582-00083955 who had children I've never met and your daddy loves you,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00258-00083955-00084005 honey.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00259-00084005-00084234 He's a good man.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00260-00084234-00085085 I'm from a pimp for a step-dad, Lester Lee Wingate the third.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00261-00085085-00085446 But there were still fun times and catch a can and Valdez,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00262-00085446-00085784 and hey we got a new baby sister now.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00263-00085784-00086012 That's where I'm from.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00264-00086012-00086246 I'm from a mother who made us a family when
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00265-00086246-00086905 her own turned the other way who loved me with all her being.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00266-00086905-00087248 Who believed that I was beautiful.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00267-00087248-00087570 Whose eyes would beam with pride at every step I would take.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00268-00087570-00088095 Who would take away all my pain if she could.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00269-00088095-00088317 You have the world to fight, don't fight one another.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00270-00088317-00088492 Shot gun in her hand if anyone was
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00271-00088492-00088672 to ever try to hurt one of her babies
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00272-00088672-00089242 and don't judge one another kind of mother.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00273-00089242-00089444 That's where I'm from.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00274-00089444-00089678 I'm from Maryn and George's Barbecue and Catering
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00275-00089678-00089892 on 23rd and Judkins.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00276-00089892-00090220 Grandparents who found the blessing
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00277-00090220-00090565 of being grandparents in me.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00278-00090565-00090808 Piled high on their bed, watching old black and whites
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00279-00090808-00091064 seeing whites dressed as Chinese and Indians.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00280-00091064-00091341 Playing penny, any poker, homemade potato chips,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00281-00091341-00091631 costumes, jams and jellies, and a kitchen that
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00282-00091631-00092099 always smelled old so good.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00283-00092099-00092300 Everything from scratch except for the closet
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00284-00092300-00092499 full of toilet paper and paper towels
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00285-00092499-00092748 because you just never know and how
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00286-00092748-00093019 come you don't have more black friends honey?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00287-00093019-00093214 That's where I'm from.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00288-00093214-00093448 I'm from Myrtle Creek Oregon.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00289-00093448-00093652 White grandparents who were ashamed
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00290-00093652-00093904 of the color of my skin, hearing taunts of nigger
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00291-00093904-00094266 go home, where teachers pretended they didn't hear,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00292-00094266-00094482 and a white grandmother who believed
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00293-00094482-00095010 if she told me to just ignore it that I actually could.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00294-00095010-00095542 Can't wait to go home because names do hurt me.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00295-00095542-00095889 I'm from gumbo, ox tail stew, collard greens, Mahalia Jackson
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00296-00095889-00096217 on cleanup Sundays, Michael Jackson's Enjoy Yourself,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00297-00096217-00096717 step into the groove and doing the bump if you can.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00298-00096717-00096940 I'm from summer trips to the Oregon coast
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00299-00096940-00097458 to visit Father Timmy and Uncle Billy, mommy who's Jim Crow?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00300-00097458-00098355 Whistle while you work, Nixon is a-- you kids knock that off.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00301-00098355-00098603 I'm from Coupeville Washington.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00302-00098603-00098901 Loving summer life on the farm until what's
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00303-00098901-00099119 that you're putting in your hair and you
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00304-00099119-00099357 must be good at basketball.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00305-00099357-00099697 I don't need to ask you why you won't ask me to dance.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00306-00099697-00100009 I already know because you nicknamed me shadow and play
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00307-00100009-00100359 games called nigger knocking and then said you were sorry that
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00308-00100359-00100804 you wanted to invite me to your sleep over but couldn't.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00309-00100804-00101277 I'm from a family who loves me but a world that
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00310-00101277-00101695 still judges me because of the color of my skin.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00311-00101695-00101838 Where are you from?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00312-00101838-00101921 Thank you.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00313-00101921-00102745 [APPLAUSE]
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00314-00102745-00103134 So here I am, just coming off of an airplane to be with you.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00315-00103134-00103403 A trip to Bahamas, never thought I would do that.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00316-00103403-00103835 Our family vacations were in a station wagon
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00317-00103835-00103983 going to the Oregon coast.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00318-00103983-00104298 That was the extent of it, or maybe going fishing.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00319-00104298-00104706 And so to imagine myself one day being here on a stage talking
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00320-00104706-00105105 to over 200 young, beautiful, gorgeous, talented,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00321-00105105-00105316 brilliant women was only something
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00322-00105316-00105584 that I could dream about.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00323-00105584-00105699 So how did I get here?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00324-00105699-00105899 There's some things that I learned along the way
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00325-00105899-00106248 and I hope that they'll have some meaning for you.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00326-00106248-00106647 How did I get here, what is it that I've-- when I look back
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00327-00106647-00107384 and think about, what's the difference between me and maybe
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00328-00107384-00107805 somebody else who had even worse circumstances that I've come
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00329-00107805-00108447 from and didn't make it so to speak.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00330-00108447-00108786 One of the things my foster brother told me, he said,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00331-00108786-00109277 Caprice, he said find what makes your heart sing.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00332-00109277-00109636 Don't look for what will make you the most money
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00333-00109636-00110057 or what will bring you the most popularity or what might
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00334-00110057-00110198 look good to other people.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00335-00110198-00110420 I remember working at African American Academy
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00336-00110420-00110735 and I'd talk with young black youth like yourself
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00337-00110735-00110989 and I'd say what do you want to be when you grow up?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00338-00110989-00111288 And they would say basketball player or a beautician
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00339-00111288-00111434 or sometimes they'd say a lawyer.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00340-00111434-00111655 And I'd say well, what makes you want to be a lawyer?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00341-00111655-00112106 And they'd say well, my mom says that I argue a lot.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00342-00112106-00112485 Those aren't good reasons to want to become something.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00343-00112485-00112870 Have to figure out what brings you alive,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00344-00112870-00113168 what makes your heart sing.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00345-00113168-00113804 If you look deep in yourself and say what am I good at?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00346-00113804-00114008 What would bring me joy?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00347-00114008-00114268 I remember I wanted to be a model.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00348-00114268-00114506 But the only reason I wanted to be a model
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00349-00114506-00114790 was because nobody ever told me that I was smart.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00350-00114790-00115098 People would say, oh you're cute, or oh you dress nice.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00351-00115098-00115480 I went to the modeling agency and they said you're too short,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00352-00115480-00115752 you have a gap between your teeth,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00353-00115752-00115880 and your face is too round.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00354-00116197-00116432 Now if I really, really wanted to be a model
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00355-00116432-00116658 I would have found a way around that.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00356-00116658-00116854 But the truth of the matter was, it wasn't what
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00357-00116854-00117034 made my heart sing.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00358-00117034-00117415 And I spent time journaling, and thinking, and reflecting,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00359-00117415-00117711 and I thought to myself I want to do something
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00360-00117711-00117929 where I can help people.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00361-00117929-00118114 Where I can support them no matter
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00362-00118114-00118421 what struggles that they're facing, that they would have
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00363-00118421-00118808 someone to lean on, someone to talk to and share what
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00364-00118808-00118990 their problems are.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00365-00118990-00119316 And so I started out at a community college.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00366-00119316-00119454 Because what you have to remember
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00367-00119454-00119644 is, that when I graduated from high school--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00368-00119644-00119843 as I said earlier-- I didn't know the difference
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00369-00119843-00120009 between a country and a state.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00370-00120009-00120180 I spent my time trying to figure out
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00371-00120180-00120572 what was the best color lipstick that would look good on me
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00372-00120572-00120883 or what clothes to wear.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00373-00120883-00121088 And so when I went to community college
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00374-00121088-00121303 I had to take classes like English
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00375-00121303-00121666 and math that weren't college level, starting all over again.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00376-00121666-00121870 Starting from the beginning.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00377-00121870-00122134 But see I wanted something more-- by that time
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00378-00122134-00122478 I wanted something more than I had wanted in high school.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00379-00122478-00122871 See, I didn't have conferences like YELL encouraging me,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00380-00122871-00122921 right?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00381-00122921-00123250 I didn't have role models around saying
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00382-00123250-00123507 to me that you can do it.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00383-00123507-00123826 And so I started on this journey and once I got my AA degree,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00384-00123826-00124131 I thought you know what that wasn't so bad.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00385-00124131-00124376 Let me try my bachelor's degree.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00386-00124376-00124556 And then when I tried my bachelor's degree,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00387-00124556-00124820 I said well you know what, I wonder about this doctorate
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00388-00124820-00124996 degree thing.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00389-00124996-00125358 And before I knew it I was in LA getting a doctorate degree.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00390-00125358-00125816 Now here was the thing about being in LA getting my degree.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00391-00125816-00126202 I at this point had known intellectually
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00392-00126202-00126515 that it was something that I was going to accomplish.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00393-00126515-00126798 I'm already in graduate school.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00394-00126798-00127133 But it wasn't until I met my college professor, Dr. Shelley
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00395-00127133-00127473 Horell-- an African American woman--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00396-00127473-00127723 that I realized for the first time
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00397-00127723-00127935 that I was actually going to do this.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00398-00127935-00128223 See what happened was, one day I was in class
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00399-00128223-00128543 and Dr. Horell was a young woman,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00400-00128543-00128908 she was pregnant getting ready to have her first child,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00401-00128908-00129178 and there was a white woman in class with me
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00402-00129178-00129417 and we're studying race issues.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00403-00129417-00129804 And I remember this white woman saying when Dr. Horell had
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00404-00129804-00130168 a substitute in the class, I member this white woman saying,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00405-00130168-00130328 when are we going to move on?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00406-00130328-00130553 She was tired of talking about race.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00407-00130553-00130674 When are we going to move on?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00408-00130674-00130915 Now she was rich, I remember she was very wealthy.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00409-00130915-00131223 Her father was like some kind of orchestra person,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00410-00131223-00131470 I don't even know what the name of it is.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00411-00131470-00131787 And I got so angry, I said move on?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00412-00131787-00131870 Move on?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00413-00131870-00132238 Wouldn't it be nice if we could all just move on?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00414-00132238-00132548 And see, I'm probably in my mid 20s or so
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00415-00132548-00132716 and I remember thinking to myself,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00416-00132716-00133071 I'm going to tell Dr. Horell that this student doesn't
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00417-00133071-00133313 really want to be here.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00418-00133313-00133821 I go knocking on my professor's door and she opens the door
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00419-00133821-00134269 and I just latch on to her and I start weeping.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00420-00134269-00134690 I literally-- that gut, you know that gut weeping that one
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00421-00134690-00134980 that you don't even know where all that pain comes from.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00422-00134980-00135332 And I realized in that moment that I wasn't there
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00423-00135332-00135545 to tell on this other student.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00424-00135545-00135757 I'm a grown woman.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00425-00135757-00135936 I'm really there because I just wanted
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00426-00135936-00136342 to be near this professor because for the first time
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00427-00136342-00136831 in my life I realize that I'm going to be that, too.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00428-00136831-00137035 It was the first time in my life that I had ever
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00429-00137035-00137472 seen someone who looked like me doing the very things that I
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00430-00137472-00137793 hope to one day become.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00431-00137793-00138208 Role models, people in your life that encourage you.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00432-00138208-00138618 That even just by their presence reminds you
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00433-00138618-00138954 that you can be anything that you want to be
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00434-00138954-00139102 in the world is important.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00435-00139372-00139750 Did you know that you are the average of the five people
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00436-00139750-00140009 you hang around with the most?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00437-00140009-00140223 You are the average of the five people
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00438-00140223-00140337 you hang out with the most.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00439-00140337-00140751 Look around you, see who you're hanging out with.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00440-00140751-00141324 When people-- see right now my best friend is smarter than me.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00441-00141324-00141554 And why do I have a best friend that's smarter than me?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00442-00141554-00141927 I have to ask her every time we have a conversation what
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00443-00141927-00142077 does that word mean?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00444-00142077-00142623 Because I am stretching myself to be better than I am today.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00445-00142623-00142960 So one of the things is to find role models.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00446-00142960-00143336 The other thing is to be around people or doing better
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00447-00143336-00143410 than you.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00448-00143410-00143687 Who want something more for their lives.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00449-00143687-00144029 In middle school going into high school
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00450-00144029-00144345 my best friend was my cousin and another young lady.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00451-00144345-00144660 And I remember they used to steal.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00452-00144660-00144901 They used to steal, we'd go downtown
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00453-00144901-00145307 and they would take things from the store.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00454-00145307-00145453 And I didn't know this because they
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00455-00145453-00145754 knew that if I knew, that I wouldn't hang out with them.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00456-00145754-00145997 And one day we're in the elevator
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00457-00145997-00146167 and they're talking with one another
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00458-00146167-00146617 and something comes up where I realized that they have stolen.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00459-00146617-00146871 And I decide on that day that I can't hang out
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00460-00146871-00146981 with them anymore.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00461-00146981-00147184 And see even in middle school, even
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00462-00147184-00147540 though I didn't know what I wanted to be,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00463-00147540-00147881 I knew that I didn't want to be that.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00464-00147881-00148149 I knew that I didn't want to be that.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00465-00148149-00148325 And so when you think about the people
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00466-00148325-00148519 that you're hanging around with.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00467-00148519-00148789 Think about are they encouraging you,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00468-00148789-00149000 are they making you a better person,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00469-00149000-00149211 or are they pulling you down?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00470-00149211-00149409 You see, I believe in this saying
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00471-00149409-00149618 that hurt people hurt people.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00472-00149618-00149846 And when we're hurting in life, we
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00473-00149846-00150102 like other people to hurt with us.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00474-00150102-00150260 There's something about that, that
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00475-00150260-00150501 makes us feel better when other people around us
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00476-00150501-00150814 are not doing well.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00477-00150814-00151024 Another thing that I learned along the way
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00478-00151024-00151208 is don't ever give up.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00479-00151599-00151803 I struggled in school through high school,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00480-00151803-00152169 I struggled in college, but I never gave up.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00481-00152169-00152377 Even when I took my license exam--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00482-00152377-00152693 as a psychologist when you graduate you still cannot call
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00483-00152693-00153117 yourself a psychologist until you take a license exam.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00484-00153117-00153388 And you purchase these books that
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00485-00153388-00153721 stand about this tall from this podium
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00486-00153721-00153873 and you will be tested on it.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00487-00153873-00154257 It costs you about $500 to take this test and if you fail it
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00488-00154257-00154507 you have to wait another six months.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00489-00154507-00154923 And I took the test and I failed it.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00490-00154923-00155127 And I took the test again-- I thought to myself,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00491-00155127-00155455 OK well maybe I need to study with someone.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00492-00155455-00155733 So I took the test again studying with someone
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00493-00155733-00155883 and I failed it.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00494-00155883-00156293 And the third time I said, you know this can't happen again.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00495-00156293-00156565 And I got a bigger study group together
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00496-00156565-00156993 and I took that test a third time and I passed it.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00497-00156993-00157195 One of the things that I learned about myself
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00498-00157195-00157450 and I learned about people is that there are different kinds
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00499-00157450-00157602 of intelligence.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00500-00157602-00157819 There's multiple types of intelligence
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00501-00157819-00158158 and by taking a test that's just one-- if you take a test
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00502-00158158-00158329 and you pass it with flying colors that's
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00503-00158329-00158683 one kind of intelligence.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00504-00158683-00158877 Second part of this license exam is
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00505-00158877-00159319 that you have to be interviewed by about eight psychologists.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00506-00159319-00159599 And they ask you, they throw all these questions out
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00507-00159599-00159759 and I'm ready for that one.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00508-00159759-00159976 Because I love to talk, you don't know that about me
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00509-00159976-00160058 but I love to talk.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00510-00160058-00160473 I love being center of attention and I love talking.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00511-00160473-00160749 And I know that I know what I know.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00512-00160749-00160987 I just don't know how to tell you that I know it
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00513-00160987-00161199 when I'm taking a written exam.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00514-00161199-00161450 But I know how to tell it to you and I passed
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00515-00161450-00161672 that test with flying colors.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00516-00161672-00162006 I had a college professor at Shoreline Community College
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00517-00162006-00162269 that says you know what, it's great if you can get straight
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00518-00162269-00162630 As but what I really want to know is, can you dance?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00519-00162630-00162786 See what he was saying is that it's
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00520-00162786-00163134 important to be well rounded, to not just know
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00521-00163134-00163398 how to do one thing but to know how to do multiple things.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00522-00163398-00163603 And I'm going to tell you something, I can dance.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00523-00163603-00163827 In fact, I can get down, I can jam .
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00524-00163827-00163992 I may not be a straight A student.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00525-00164260-00164525 So don't give up.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00526-00164525-00164936 The other thing that I learned was
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00527-00164936-00165351 to step into the world unapologetically.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00528-00165351-00165553 Now this one was a tough one for me.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00529-00165553-00165802 Are you with me on this?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00530-00165802-00165925 Are you with me?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00531-00165925-00166096 You got your phones out, am I boring you?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00532-00166096-00166243 Are you with me?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00533-00166243-00166325 You with me?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00534-00166325-00166445 OK.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00535-00166445-00166742 To step into the world unapologetically.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00536-00166742-00167385 See, when I was shy if I said something that offended you
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00537-00167385-00167788 or if I did something wrong I would say I'm sorry.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00538-00167788-00167976 And you would say that's OK.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00539-00167976-00168229 And I would say I'm sorry.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00540-00168229-00168620 And then my friend would say stop saying you're sorry.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00541-00168620-00168837 I'm sorry, I would say.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00542-00169492-00169647 I started saying to myself.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00543-00169647-00169889 I started reading books.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00544-00169889-00170317 When I say no I feel guilty, I felt guilty to tell someone no.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00545-00170317-00170769 But I started to really work on myself, on my self esteem,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00546-00170769-00170867 and my self worth.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00547-00170867-00171026 And I used to have this little saying,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00548-00171026-00171150 I didn't tell this to anyone.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00549-00171150-00171378 I had this little saying and I would
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00550-00171378-00171728 say this is my world, too.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00551-00171728-00171894 This is my world, too.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00552-00171894-00172200 That it wasn't just about me making space for other people
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00553-00172200-00172515 in the world-- which was all that I did up to this point--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00554-00172515-00172897 I had to learn to make space for myself as well.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00555-00172897-00173253 And so to step into the world unapologetically
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00556-00173253-00173485 means to love yourself, right?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00557-00173485-00173774 I have learned that I love me some Dr. Hollins.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00558-00173774-00174041 I do, I love me some Dr. Hollins, right?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00559-00174041-00174290 And I don't apologize about that.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00560-00174290-00174951 And I remember just when I came in and I was seeing Debrena
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00561-00174951-00175206 and I'm giving her a compliment she reminded me
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00562-00175206-00175515 of what it means to step into this world unapologetically.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00563-00175515-00175823 When someone tells you that your outfit looks nice
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00564-00175823-00176102 or that you look pretty today, you say thank you,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00565-00176102-00176332 I worked hard at this, it does look good doesn't it,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00566-00176332-00176597 or I do look good don't I?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00567-00176597-00176907 Rather than how I used to be where if someone gave me
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00568-00176907-00177159 a compliment or said something nice to me,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00569-00177159-00177612 I thought that what my role was, was to tell them that no,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00570-00177612-00177735 this isn't true of me.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00571-00177735-00177971 Do you know what I'm talking about?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00572-00177971-00178509 It's like I worked hard to-- I drove home quick today
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00573-00178509-00178925 and I got in the shower and I ran here putting on my best
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00574-00178925-00179017 clothes for you today.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00575-00179017-00179324 And if you told me I look good, why would I tell you no I
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00576-00179324-00179543 don't?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00577-00179543-00179762 Thank you very much, yes I do look good
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00578-00179762-00180159 and I worked hard to look good today.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00579-00180159-00180698 That sometimes if we wait for other people to lift us up
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00580-00180698-00181152 we will be waiting a long time.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00581-00181152-00181394 We will be waiting a long time.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00582-00181394-00181672 I worked hard to get my doctor degree,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00583-00181672-00181975 you are working hard to get through school.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00584-00181975-00182351 And when someone tells you good job, you tell them thank you.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00585-00182351-00182614 And in some way, shape, or form--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00586-00182614-00182824 even if it's to yourself-- say, yeah I know,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00587-00182824-00183061 I do look good today, don't I?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00588-00183061-00183264 Or I did do good on that exam.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00589-00183264-00183405 Makes sense?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00590-00183405-00183575 Unapologetically turn to your neighbor
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00591-00183575-00183807 and say, dang I look good today.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00592-00183807-00184718 [CHATTER]
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00593-00184718-00184976 Here's the other thing that I learned.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00594-00184976-00185153 Here's the other thing that I learned.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00595-00185478-00185940 I learned that it's OK to want to be liked.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00596-00185940-00186146 Because see, that was part of my problem,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00597-00186146-00186427 was that I wanted to be liked.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00598-00186427-00186740 The problem with wanting to be liked
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00599-00186740-00187303 is when you let your desire to be liked inform the way you
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00600-00187303-00187555 interact in the world.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00601-00187555-00187773 We all-- every single person in this room,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00602-00187773-00188123 every woman in this room-- wants to be light.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00603-00188123-00188470 Sometimes we say oh I don't care if other people like me.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00604-00188470-00188731 Yes, you do, you care.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00605-00188731-00188913 Other people in our lives matter.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00606-00188913-00189167 The problem is when it matters to you
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00607-00189167-00189628 so much that how you behave, the choices that you make,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00608-00189628-00189912 the decisions that inform you when you step out
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00609-00189912-00190176 into the world, that your need to be liked
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00610-00190176-00190377 determines how you behave.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00611-00190377-00190559 That's when it becomes a problem.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00612-00190559-00190818 Because then you're doing things for everyone
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00613-00190818-00191093 else and not for yourself.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00614-00191093-00191264 And when you're doing things for everyone
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00615-00191264-00191465 else and not for yourself, you don't
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00616-00191465-00191862 know what problems, what pains, what struggles or challenges
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00617-00191862-00192193 that person is having that's informing them
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00618-00192193-00192492 and the way they're interacting in the world.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00619-00192492-00192843 If you know what your values are,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00620-00192843-00193170 if you know what your beliefs are, and you hang onto those
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00621-00193170-00193473 and stick with those you will do well in life.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00622-00193473-00193844 I remember there was a kid in my school--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00623-00193844-00194093 I won't say hi full name, but let's just
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00624-00194093-00194239 say his name is Dennis-- I remember
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00625-00194239-00194713 he used to get teased all the kids at school would tease him.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00626-00194713-00195222 And I didn't tease him, I was not a person who would tease
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00627-00195222-00195490 or who would pick on other people.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00628-00195490-00195869 But there can be pressure when one kid is not
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00629-00195869-00196190 liked by other kids to be like the other kids
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00630-00196190-00196529 and treat that kid ill.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00631-00196529-00197136 In my 20 year school reunion-- high school reunion--
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00632-00197136-00197479 I'm opening up this door to go into the building
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00633-00197479-00197744 where the reunion is at and it's one
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00634-00197744-00197986 of those one way kind of doors where you can see yourself.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00635-00197986-00198142 You can see how good you look as you
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00636-00198142-00198373 get ready to walk into that.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00637-00198373-00198714 But I can see behind me Dennis.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00638-00198714-00199019 And Dennis comes up to me and he says Caprice, I
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00639-00199019-00199282 was hoping that you would be here,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00640-00199282-00199595 I was telling my wife that you were
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00641-00199595-00199912 one of the few people who didn't pick
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00642-00199912-00200119 on me in elementary school.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00643-00200119-00200510 He had remembered that from elementary school.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00644-00200510-00200958 I go back to my 30 year reunion, and I'm looking for him
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00645-00200958-00201262 and I asked people, has anybody seen Dennis?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00646-00201262-00201507 And they said oh, Dennis passed away.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00647-00201878-00202327 And I felt good that while he was on this earth
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00648-00202327-00202569 that I didn't treat him in the way
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00649-00202569-00202800 that other people treated him just
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00650-00202800-00203002 so that I would be accepted.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00651-00203002-00203184 See, that's having core values.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00652-00203184-00203599 Values that in spite of what everybody else is pressuring
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00653-00203599-00203913 you to do or how they're pressuring you to behave,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00654-00203913-00204262 even if it's not spoken, you can still feel those pressures
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00655-00204262-00204585 that you know the difference between right and wrong,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00656-00204585-00205010 and that you live by those values.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00657-00205010-00205142 Make sense?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00658-00205142-00205332 You don't hear me?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00659-00205332-00205515 You hear me?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00660-00205515-00205732 All right, all right.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00661-00205732-00206184 Treating other people the way that you want to be treated
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00662-00206184-00206485 or treating other people the way that they want to be treated.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00663-00207042-00207424 And all of this, I'll tell you there
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00664-00207424-00207665 have been moments where even still in my life
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00665-00207665-00207888 I get knocked down.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00666-00207888-00208213 Because it's hard to have accomplished so much
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00667-00208213-00208442 and to stay humble.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00668-00208442-00208860 And to remember that even while I'm saying, wow Dr. Hollins,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00669-00208860-00209175 you did a great job or you've really done something
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00670-00209175-00209542 with your life-- always reminded that I'm not
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00671-00209542-00209930 who I am today just because I'm great.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00672-00209930-00210307 I am who I am today because of the people in my life
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00673-00210307-00210590 that were there for me or the role models
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00674-00210590-00211019 or the people that came before me, even my ancestors
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00675-00211019-00211307 that I didn't know that made it possible for me
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00676-00211307-00211501 to be where I'm at today.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00677-00211501-00212012 And so just remembering that you are all that and you're not.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00678-00212012-00212294 That whatever it is that you become in life
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00679-00212294-00212542 is really not about you.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00680-00212542-00212733 It's really not, it's about what you
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00681-00212733-00213019 can do to contribute to the world
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00682-00213019-00213219 to make it a better place.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00683-00213219-00213425 And there is a plan for you, even
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00684-00213425-00213761 with all the struggles and the challenges that you are facing,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00685-00213761-00214079 there is a purpose in even that.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00686-00214079-00214394 Because it will make you stronger
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00687-00214394-00214633 if you can overcome it.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00688-00214633-00214848 It will make you stronger and it will
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00689-00214848-00215219 help you to understand what other people are going through
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00690-00215219-00215642 so that you can reach down and pull people up.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00691-00215642-00215954 I'm going to share a poem and then
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00692-00215954-00216373 I'm going to see if you have any thoughts or questions that you
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00693-00216373-00216659 have of me and then we'll just have some conversation.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00694-00216659-00216942 I used to keep this poem on my desk
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00695-00216942-00217256 all through undergraduate school and graduate school
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00696-00217256-00217459 because I was constantly-- again-- struggling
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00697-00217459-00217848 with this notion of just kind of stepping into the world
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00698-00217848-00217985 unapologetically.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00699-00217985-00218164 It's called Our Deepest Fear.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00700-00218164-00218507 Nelson Mandela read it for his inauguration speech
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00701-00218507-00218933 but it was written by a woman named Marianne Williamson.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00702-00218933-00219538 She says our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00703-00219538-00220133 Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00704-00220133-00220353 It is our light not our darkness,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00705-00220353-00220537 that most frightens us.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00706-00220537-00220990 We ask ourselves, who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous, talented,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00707-00220990-00221144 fabulous?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00708-00221144-00221527 Actually, who are you not to be?
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00709-00221527-00221703 You are a child of God.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00710-00221703-00222008 You're playing small does not serve the world.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00711-00222008-00222321 There is nothing enlightened about shrinking
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00712-00222321-00222760 so that other people won't feel insecure around you.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00713-00222760-00223100 We are all meant to shine as children do.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00714-00223100-00223529 We were born to manifest the glory of God that is within us.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00715-00223529-00223579 And
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00716-00223579-00223823 Even if you don't have a belief in God
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00717-00223823-00224198 or if you don't have a belief in power in a higher power still,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00718-00224198-00224444 know that you have a purpose in life.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00719-00224444-00224811 It's not just in some of us, it's in all of you.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00720-00224811-00225354 As we let our own light shine we unconsciously give other people
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00721-00225354-00225583 permission to do the same.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00722-00225583-00226148 See what she's saying is, when you magnify
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00723-00226148-00226396 your brilliance, and your talent,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00724-00226396-00226653 and you are gorgeousness, and all of that,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00725-00226653-00227175 you're giving other people the permission to step into theirs.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00726-00227175-00227453 As we are liberated from our own fear
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00727-00227453-00227891 our presence automatically liberates others.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00728-00227891-00228074 Thank you for your time today.
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00729-00228074-00228401 So could we please stand to our feet, stand to our feet,
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00730-00228401-00228854 stand to our feet, stand to our feet
xfd6ZkKk9mQ-00731-00228854-00229223 and give Dr. Caprice Hollins a hand.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00000-00000104-00000608 I'm going to continue the talk that a series of talks that we started. they
xfzk8EjyS1E-00001-00000608-00001250 deal mainly with ministry, with work called towels and titles and today's talk is
xfzk8EjyS1E-00002-00001250-00001725 going to be titled when potential is greater than your position. it will not
xfzk8EjyS1E-00003-00001725-00002205 only apply to the ministry it will also apply to people who work outside of the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00004-00002205-00002884 church and who have certain positions that they feel are below their potential.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00005-00002884-00003398 we will take a reading from book of Acts chapter 6. it's the same verses that I've
xfzk8EjyS1E-00006-00003398-00003957 been reading for the last three   Sundays. verse 2 of chapter 6, I
xfzk8EjyS1E-00007-00003957-00004278 want to remind you that the notes for this message are on YouVersion Bible
xfzk8EjyS1E-00008-00004278-00004716 app. they will stay there only for one week and after that they get put into
xfzk8EjyS1E-00009-00004716-00005168 podcast and YouTube and our website where people can download PDF file
xfzk8EjyS1E-00010-00005168-00005696 sermon notes. Acts chapter six and verse two, then the twelve summoned the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00011-00005696-00006087 multitude of the disciples and said it is not desirable that we should leave
xfzk8EjyS1E-00012-00006087-00006603 the Word of God and serve tables. therefore brethren seek out
xfzk8EjyS1E-00013-00006603-00006956 from among you seven men of good reputation full of the Holy Spirit. last
xfzk8EjyS1E-00014-00006956-00007340 week we talked about the importance of being full of him. the week before that
xfzk8EjyS1E-00015-00007340-00007856 we talked about the importance of that ministry and work is more spiritual, that
xfzk8EjyS1E-00016-00007856-00008222 we need to develop structures and systems and that we need to also learn
xfzk8EjyS1E-00017-00008222-00008618 to delegate and be faithful to small things. seek out from among you seven
xfzk8EjyS1E-00018-00008618-00008993 good men of good reputation full of the holy spirit, wisdom and whom we can
xfzk8EjyS1E-00019-00008993-00009399 appoint over this business. verse four, but that we will give ourselves
xfzk8EjyS1E-00020-00009399-00009818 continually to prayer and to the Ministry of the word and verse five and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00021-00009818-00010488 the saying please the whole multitude and they chose Stephen, a man full of
xfzk8EjyS1E-00022-00010488-00011052 faith and the Holy Spirit and if we skip to verse 8 it says, and Stephen full of
xfzk8EjyS1E-00023-00011052-00011670 faith and power did great wonders among the people and if you skip through the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00024-00011670-00012417 whole chapter seven is pretty much a PDF of Stephens sermon, which is the longest
xfzk8EjyS1E-00025-00012417-00012938 sermon in the book of Acts. like Peter's sermons they were like bulletin points,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00026-00012938-00013319 just few, few verses quickly to the point. Stephen
xfzk8EjyS1E-00027-00013319-00013908 this guy had a sermon. I mean he  preached for so long it was 60 verses.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00028-00013908-00014319 the whole chapter of 7 the longest sermon in a book of Acts. what I want to
xfzk8EjyS1E-00029-00014319-00014772 present this morning in few moments that I have with us is that Stephen's
xfzk8EjyS1E-00030-00014772-00015684 potential, Stephen's anointing, Stephen's grace, Stephen's gift was so big the Bible
xfzk8EjyS1E-00031-00015684-00016137 says he was full of the Holy Spirit. he was full of faith. he was full of power.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00032-00016137-00016772 he had miracles, signs and wonders on his belt and the guy could preach.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00033-00016961-00017472 that's an apostle to me, that's an archbishop right there. that's a guy,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00034-00017472-00017964 Catholic Church like voting for the Pope. this guy got some stuff.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00035-00017964-00018453 this guy has a resume and but I want you to see where the church appoints him to
xfzk8EjyS1E-00036-00018453-00019806 serve over kitchen. if I would be Stephen and I do Crusades worldwide and I can
xfzk8EjyS1E-00037-00019806-00020220 run my mouth really good and I have faith and I'm full of the holy spirit
xfzk8EjyS1E-00038-00020220-00020772 and the church puts me in the ministry to serve over kids ministry or over you
xfzk8EjyS1E-00039-00020772-00021084 know maybe particularly over food or over ushers and with that kind of
xfzk8EjyS1E-00040-00021084-00021506 anointing I will say ah excuse me, do you know who I am?
xfzk8EjyS1E-00041-00021506-00021951 did you see my youtube channel? do you know how many subscribers I have for my
xfzk8EjyS1E-00042-00021951-00022382 podcast? do you know how many followers I have on my facebook? did you see the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00043-00022382-00022794 latest miracle that God used to do? do you know my where I've been to school
xfzk8EjyS1E-00044-00022794-00023357 for Bible College? I would accuse the Church of not having discernment of
xfzk8EjyS1E-00045-00023357-00023901 preachers because you know there's gift of the discernment of spirits. discernment
xfzk8EjyS1E-00046-00023901-00024420 of man of God. but see the church wasn't concerned to make sure that the position
xfzk8EjyS1E-00047-00024420-00024963 matched his potential. they were just careful to make sure his
xfzk8EjyS1E-00048-00024963-00025583 gift wasn't bigger than his character. if you taking notes write this down, it's
xfzk8EjyS1E-00049-00025583-00026098 okay if your potential is bigger than your position. it's okay if the job
xfzk8EjyS1E-00050-00026098-00026552 you're doing outside of the church right now is smaller than you. it's okay.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00051-00026552-00027422 what's not okay is if your character is smaller than your gift, your skill, your
xfzk8EjyS1E-00052-00027422-00027920 education and your position. God is not sweating in heaven because
xfzk8EjyS1E-00053-00027920-00028627 your potential is bigger than your title. God is making sure that your gift, your
xfzk8EjyS1E-00054-00028627-00029180 skill, your population, your popularity, your anointing is not bigger than your
xfzk8EjyS1E-00055-00029180-00029969 character. why is that very important to God? God is not there in heaven making
xfzk8EjyS1E-00056-00029969-00030452 sure your potential matches your position. that is not his number-one
xfzk8EjyS1E-00057-00030452-00030893 concern. his concern is with our character. if you take your notes I want
xfzk8EjyS1E-00058-00030893-00031777 you to draw this down. our value does not come from our visibility. one of the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00059-00031777-00032252 reasons why sometimes the Lord puts us in places that are smaller than our
xfzk8EjyS1E-00060-00032252-00033109 anointing is to teach us that your value is not connected to how visible you are.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00061-00033109-00033761 your value is not connected to how people see you, how many people know you
xfzk8EjyS1E-00062-00033761-00034439 and how many people report to you. as a human, as a Christian your value is
xfzk8EjyS1E-00063-00034439-00035177 connected to what God says about you not what men see in you. let me say that
xfzk8EjyS1E-00064-00035177-00035789 again. your value is not determined to what men see in you, it's what God says
xfzk8EjyS1E-00065-00035789-00036316 about you.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00066-00036316-00037331 we must understand men will always see later what God says earlier. God will say
xfzk8EjyS1E-00067-00037331-00037952 you're the king. it will take man 13 years to say uh-huh yes, you are the king. God
xfzk8EjyS1E-00068-00037952-00038450 will say this is the Son of God and it's a baby. it will take man 30 years later
xfzk8EjyS1E-00069-00038450-00039062 to say this is the Son of God. God will always will say about you what will take
xfzk8EjyS1E-00070-00039062-00039800 men decades to see in you and sometimes God will allow positions in society and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00071-00039800-00040430 certain lack of visibility so that you anchor your identity not in what men see
xfzk8EjyS1E-00072-00040430-00041443 in you in what God says about you. before God will before men, see men appoint us,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00073-00041443-00042236 God anoints us and God always anoints us first but it takes time for men to
xfzk8EjyS1E-00074-00042236-00043081 appoint us. and never blame people for not appoint you, for not appointing you
xfzk8EjyS1E-00075-00043081-00043880 because God has anointed you. it will take time and that time is specifically,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00076-00043880-00044558 strategically positioned so God can flash out wrong identities that will be
xfzk8EjyS1E-00077-00044558-00045119 based on what men see in you.  because when you have to live for ten years
xfzk8EjyS1E-00078-00045119-00045608 relying on what God said about you everything man says afterwards, don't
xfzk8EjyS1E-00079-00045608-00046421 move you. they can say you're crazy. you said I heard worse from better people. they
xfzk8EjyS1E-00080-00046421-00046793 can say they said about Paul your God because he shook off the snake and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00081-00046793-00047237 didn't die. it didn't move him why? because Paul already knew what God said
xfzk8EjyS1E-00082-00047237-00047717 about him four years before this incident. God will allow a season where
xfzk8EjyS1E-00083-00047717-00048209 your position is way smaller than your anointing so that you don't depend on
xfzk8EjyS1E-00084-00048209-00048907 men's compliments or criticisms to make you valuable.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00085-00049384-00049937 if my heart says I'm not valuable because I'm not visible so therefore I'm
xfzk8EjyS1E-00086-00049937-00050570 gonna climb out of the chest and stick myself on Vlad's forehead, my hearts
xfzk8EjyS1E-00087-00050570-00051347 drive for visibility will kill my body. many people are obsessed today with
xfzk8EjyS1E-00088-00051347-00051947 visibility. there a lot of times they come out of their calling, out of the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00089-00051947-00052537 pace God put him in and they actually die spiritually trying to be visible. if
xfzk8EjyS1E-00090-00052537-00053186 God puts you as a forehead, shine as a forehead, but if God hid you behind a
xfzk8EjyS1E-00091-00053186-00053804 chest as a heart don't strive to be visible for the sake of visibility. your
xfzk8EjyS1E-00092-00053804-00054215 value is not determined by your visibility. your value is determined by
xfzk8EjyS1E-00093-00054215-00054677 the position God placed you in right now and by the presence of God and by the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00094-00054677-00055148 people you're surrounded by and by the principles you live by. that my friend is
xfzk8EjyS1E-00095-00055148-00055709 where your values depended on. Bible calls the church the body and the body,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00096-00055709-00056102 there are organs in our body right now, in your body and in mine that are so
xfzk8EjyS1E-00097-00056102-00056536 valuable. in fact they are way more valuable than the organs people see and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00098-00056536-00056980 it will be foolish to say that just because those organs are valuable they
xfzk8EjyS1E-00099-00056980-00057722 have to be visible. not everything that is visible draws its identity, draws its
xfzk8EjyS1E-00100-00057722-00058490 value from the stage, the popularity, being known and being visible. we live in
xfzk8EjyS1E-00101-00058490-00058832 the generation today whereas maybe 10 years ago everybody sought to be
xfzk8EjyS1E-00102-00058832-00059321 prosperous. today everybody seeks to be popular. if you're popular you become
xfzk8EjyS1E-00103-00059321-00059573 rich. you're  popular you're literally your life can change
xfzk8EjyS1E-00104-00059573-00060173 and we have this drive in our generation for popularity. popularity is influence
xfzk8EjyS1E-00105-00060173-00060665 and that influence is responsibility. God grants us God, gives us that but to live
xfzk8EjyS1E-00106-00060665-00061204 your life seeking popularity instead of seeking purpose is equivalent to taking
xfzk8EjyS1E-00107-00061204-00061591 your heart out of your chest and sticking it on your forehead. you know
xfzk8EjyS1E-00108-00061591-00061953 people who do that you look at them and you're like man you don't belong there.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00109-00061953-00062316 you look at his like it is disgusting. it's like you're trying to do something
xfzk8EjyS1E-00110-00062316-00062715 you're trying to be somebody, you're trying to copy these you know people on
xfzk8EjyS1E-00111-00062715-00063092 TV. you're trying to you're trying to be somebody that's not even you. you don't  even
xfzk8EjyS1E-00112-00063092-00063534 look good on that thing. stick yourself back in your chest that keep pumping
xfzk8EjyS1E-00113-00063534-00063960 blood. keep being an organ that is valuable even though you're not visible.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00114-00063960-00064622 and God puts Stephen in invisible place in the church but he was still valuable.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00115-00064622-00064967 another thing that I want to point out and I already kind of mentioned is that
xfzk8EjyS1E-00116-00064967-00065499 your title doesn't determine your identity. what determines our identity is
xfzk8EjyS1E-00117-00065499-00066315 our relationship with God. can somebody say Amen. God trusts those he
xfzk8EjyS1E-00118-00066315-00067079 tests. a lot of times God will test us by putting us in a position that is smaller
xfzk8EjyS1E-00119-00067079-00067701 than our potential, our anointing. the calling of God upon our life, the dream
xfzk8EjyS1E-00120-00067701-00068325 God has given us and God will do that to test us. it speaks in Psalm 105 verse 17
xfzk8EjyS1E-00121-00068325-00068829 it says the following, he sent a man before them, Joseph who was sold as a
xfzk8EjyS1E-00122-00068829-00069582 slave. they hurt his feet with feathers. he was laid in irons until the time that
xfzk8EjyS1E-00123-00069582-00070007 his word came to pass. the word of the Lord
xfzk8EjyS1E-00124-00070007-00070836 tested him. I want you to see this, the rejection, abuse and offense Joseph
xfzk8EjyS1E-00125-00070836-00071355 experienced was not just that he was surrounded by jealous and bad people. the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00126-00071355-00071868 scripture says that God's Word tested Joseph while his feet were being hurt,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00127-00071868-00072363 while he was being rejected, while he was being falsely accused, all of this stuff.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00128-00072363-00072969 it wasn't just bad people it was actually God testing him so he can trust
xfzk8EjyS1E-00129-00072969-00073332 him. God loves everyone the same but he
xfzk8EjyS1E-00130-00073332-00073938 trusts people differently. in my family my father and my mother they loved all
xfzk8EjyS1E-00131-00073938-00074457 of five siblings in my family the same but they never trusted all five siblings
xfzk8EjyS1E-00132-00074457-00074919 the same. now I was always accused being the oldest that I was born with a silver
xfzk8EjyS1E-00133-00074919-00075291 spoon gold spoon and diamond spoon. I was accused of everything that
xfzk8EjyS1E-00134-00075291-00075660 you can think of and from my siblings and it was not you know easy
xfzk8EjyS1E-00135-00075660-00076029 being the oldest but one thing that I did it was really well is the fact that
xfzk8EjyS1E-00136-00076029-00076437 I knew that if I wanted to have certain pleasures and certain things given to me
xfzk8EjyS1E-00137-00076437-00076851 by my parents, it's not about appealing to their love. I had to earn their trust.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00138-00076851-00077283 so while my other siblings you know the different things I tried to earn their
xfzk8EjyS1E-00139-00077283-00077748 trust and so my dad and my mom they trusted me even as a little kid. you know
xfzk8EjyS1E-00140-00077748-00078141 I tried to clean their car, clean the house all the time,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00141-00078141-00078729 milk the cow, feed the pigs, that was BC days before coming to United States. did all
xfzk8EjyS1E-00142-00078729-00079086 of this stuff, cleaning the house so good. I remember one time my mom came back
xfzk8EjyS1E-00143-00079086-00079515 home and she had like little pennies in her pocket. she pulled all of that and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00144-00079515-00079917 gave it to me. she says wow the house smells so good because I knew the way to
xfzk8EjyS1E-00145-00079917-00080292 her heart you know it's through serving, it's through helping and through that I
xfzk8EjyS1E-00146-00080292-00080898 earned the trust. at the age of 20 you know my dad he trusted me and he helped
xfzk8EjyS1E-00147-00080898-00081267 me to get a loan. he co-signed for me which is not a good thing to do. parents
xfzk8EjyS1E-00148-00081267-00081597 you should don't co-signer, shouldn't cosign even for their kids and the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00149-00081597-00081966 reason why my dad did is because he trusted me. I paid things off to him and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00150-00081966-00082329 then he trusted me with another thing, trusted me with another thing and I seen
xfzk8EjyS1E-00151-00082329-00082848 my parents relationship with me there was more trust and my other siblings
xfzk8EjyS1E-00152-00082848-00083268 they're  great siblings, but at the age that I was in the way there was a problem
xfzk8EjyS1E-00153-00083268-00083625 with trust and they accused and they said well Vlad got this and that and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00154-00083625-00084195 it's not that they got loved less, it's that they trusted me more. I wasn't
xfzk8EjyS1E-00155-00084195-00084630 better I just simply earned their trust. you have to understand God treats all of
xfzk8EjyS1E-00156-00084630-00085143 us the same in the reference to his love but God will trust each person in this
xfzk8EjyS1E-00157-00085143-00085851 room differently and he cannot trust you if he doesn't test you and sometimes
xfzk8EjyS1E-00158-00085851-00086310 what he tests you with is he puts you in a position Stephen, that is smaller than
xfzk8EjyS1E-00159-00086310-00086625 your potential. Joseph sometimes he tests you. he lets
xfzk8EjyS1E-00160-00086625-00087042 people be jealous of you and do some things that are hurtful and God is
xfzk8EjyS1E-00161-00087042-00087528 looking will you fight back or will you trust Him? sometimes God will put a
xfzk8EjyS1E-00162-00087528-00088002 crazy woman who wants to have sex with you and God will test to see can he
xfzk8EjyS1E-00163-00088002-00088529 trust you with promotion because he's testing you with purity.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00164-00088685-00089379 God will put David in the palace but you have to understand is that David has an
xfzk8EjyS1E-00165-00089379-00090030 anointing to be a king. there's only one problem with that is his destiny, the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00166-00090030-00090459 place is not vacant. there's somebody sitting there to be a king and God is
xfzk8EjyS1E-00167-00090459-00091128 testing David. will David get offended that his family is not seeing the great
xfzk8EjyS1E-00168-00091128-00091551 anointing on his life and they're sending him back to the sheep, a position
xfzk8EjyS1E-00169-00091551-00092076 smaller than his potential or will David be at that position and say well
xfzk8EjyS1E-00170-00092076-00092331 since I'm bigger than this position let's do some bigger things.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00171-00092331-00092808 let's kill lions, let's kill bears, let's develop a testimony, let's create history
xfzk8EjyS1E-00172-00092808-00093585 with God. see before David killed Goliath he killed lions. a lot of people want God
xfzk8EjyS1E-00173-00093585-00094077 to trust them with the Goliath but God will test you with the lion. before God
xfzk8EjyS1E-00174-00094077-00094596 will trust you with the publicity he will test you privately, where a lion and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00175-00094596-00095031 the bear, insecurities, pornography, may be jealousy, may be certain hurts from
xfzk8EjyS1E-00176-00095031-00095337 the past will come attacking you and there you are complaining you have a
xfzk8EjyS1E-00177-00095337-00095679 great destiny, nobody believes in me, nobody sees that, they stuck me with
xfzk8EjyS1E-00178-00095679-00096024 this crazy sheep. you know there's more to life. everybody's not discerning that
xfzk8EjyS1E-00179-00096024-00096465 God is testing you. he wants to trust you but he's testing
xfzk8EjyS1E-00180-00096465-00097075 you. don't fail the test. see this about David he goes finally to
xfzk8EjyS1E-00181-00097075-00097377 the palace. he kills the Goliath and you would think that David now will be
xfzk8EjyS1E-00182-00097377-00097924 trusted to be a politician. you know that the first job David had in the palace it
xfzk8EjyS1E-00183-00097924-00098974 was not a king, it was a musician. you have to have enough courage to work as
xfzk8EjyS1E-00184-00098974-00099357 a musician in the place you're anointed to be a king.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00185-00099357-00100276 many people would never play music in the place they're called to reign. before
xfzk8EjyS1E-00186-00100276-00101506 David became a king he served the king. he was tested. before David led he played
xfzk8EjyS1E-00187-00101506-00101935 music. I wrote this down David shepherded sheep before leading a
xfzk8EjyS1E-00188-00101935-00102417 nation. David killed Lions privately before facing giants publicly. David
xfzk8EjyS1E-00189-00102417-00102841 started as a musician in a palace before God called him to
xfzk8EjyS1E-00190-00102841-00103366 be a king. David drove out demons before he drove out Philistines. David was an
xfzk8EjyS1E-00191-00103366-00104004 armor bearer before he was a king. all while he was anointed to be a king. why?
xfzk8EjyS1E-00192-00104004-00104677 because God loves you the same, he trusts us different and that trust is based my
xfzk8EjyS1E-00193-00104677-00105141 friend and how you passed the test. God's love won't change for you but his
xfzk8EjyS1E-00194-00105141-00105688 trust would be different. if your anointing is bigger than your
xfzk8EjyS1E-00195-00105688-00105984 than your title, bigger than your position, bigger than what men see you
xfzk8EjyS1E-00196-00105984-00106566 don't be frustrated with men. anchor yourself in God. work with what you got,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00197-00106566-00107239 be faithful, be fruitful. men will see different. men will appoint you. Jesus
xfzk8EjyS1E-00198-00107239-00107592 says if you are special and you sit in the back he said man will bring you to
xfzk8EjyS1E-00199-00107592-00108099 the front but if you run right away to the front and you're not that special,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00200-00108099-00108757 men will put you back. he say you'll be embarrassed. it's okay if you're bigger
xfzk8EjyS1E-00201-00108757-00109324 than your position. what's not okay is if your character is smaller than your
xfzk8EjyS1E-00202-00109324-00110034 anointing. the second thing that I want to point out from this story is position
xfzk8EjyS1E-00203-00110034-00111084 does not restrict anointing. ego and laziness does. so you I want you
xfzk8EjyS1E-00204-00111084-00111583 to see Stephen gets put in the position that is way smaller than his anointing.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00205-00111583-00112144 the guy the guy could do Crusades worldwide, the guy could speak and preach
xfzk8EjyS1E-00206-00112144-00112567 and do teach Bible seminar, is so well thought of his sermons are way better
xfzk8EjyS1E-00207-00112567-00112827 than even probably Apostle Peters and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00208-00112827-00112975 apostle Peter if you're listening I'm sorry I
xfzk8EjyS1E-00209-00112975-00113392 didn't mean to hurt your feelings. but Stevens sermon was like like legit and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00210-00113392-00113958 Peter's sermons were very quick and very short Steven was the guy, yet he was put
xfzk8EjyS1E-00211-00113958-00114415 in a smaller position but I want you to see that Stephen didn't get offended at
xfzk8EjyS1E-00212-00114415-00114880 Peter, at John and James to say guys that's not fair, I can preach better than
xfzk8EjyS1E-00213-00114880-00115276 you, I can heal better than you, I can through the power of God do wonders
xfzk8EjyS1E-00214-00115276-00115651 better than you. I have full I'm full of faith and full of the Holy Spirit, I'm
xfzk8EjyS1E-00215-00115651-00115924 better than you and you're dumping me into something you guys don't want to do
xfzk8EjyS1E-00216-00115924-00116338 so you can spend more time with God, like you should invite me into the big
xfzk8EjyS1E-00217-00116338-00116740 league, I should be with the big boys not put over there over the kitchen. you go
xfzk8EjyS1E-00218-00116740-00117256 take care of widows yourself, give me give me the big stuff. Stephen doesn't get
xfzk8EjyS1E-00219-00117256-00117883 offended nor does he let his position in the church say okay well since they're
xfzk8EjyS1E-00220-00117883-00118240 letting me only handout food in the kitchen that's all I'm gonna do I'm just
xfzk8EjyS1E-00221-00118240-00118663 gonna be faithful with the food and the anointing I have to heal the sick, the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00222-00118663-00119149 power of God I have to cast out devils, the dreams and visions and prophetic
xfzk8EjyS1E-00223-00119149-00119484 gifts and utterances that I have, other things that I have that they're not
xfzk8EjyS1E-00224-00119484-00119968 letting me do here well so what, I'm just gonna put them on the back seat and wait
xfzk8EjyS1E-00225-00119968-00120684 until somebody will see that and give me a place. Stephen said this, in church I
xfzk8EjyS1E-00226-00120684-00121264 will do my best, make sure every widow is taken care of and when I leave the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00227-00121264-00121825 church I will cast out demons like it's nobody's business. I don't need a
xfzk8EjyS1E-00228-00121825-00122365 platform, I'm gonna go to the park. Peter doesn't need to invite me to speak at
xfzk8EjyS1E-00229-00122365-00122719 their apostolic Church, I just need to heal three blind people in the park and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00230-00122719-00123408 I have a crowd. I don't need the platform I just need a camera, a microphone and a
xfzk8EjyS1E-00231-00123408-00124057 facebook account. I don't need that. he doesn't I don't need him to help me
xfzk8EjyS1E-00232-00124057-00124608 build my anointing, he's not restricting it by putting me into a smaller position.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00233-00124608-00125107 what's restricting me is two things. ego I'm offended, they didn't see it in me
xfzk8EjyS1E-00234-00125107-00125599 and secondly is I'm lazy. instead of developing other skills and instead of
xfzk8EjyS1E-00235-00125599-00125985 developing other graces, instead of learning how to play guitar since
xfzk8EjyS1E-00236-00125985-00126345 they're not hiring a king in the palace,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00237-00126380-00126936 instead of learning to how to translate dreams and developing that gift because
xfzk8EjyS1E-00238-00126936-00127389 pharaoh is not hiring a prime minister, what these people do is they develop
xfzk8EjyS1E-00239-00127389-00127941 other gifts on the side because they're not lazy and then they sneak in into
xfzk8EjyS1E-00240-00127941-00128697 their calling even though they never changed their position. don't be a rock
xfzk8EjyS1E-00241-00128697-00129574 be like water. rocks need open doors, they're stiff and they're too big. water
xfzk8EjyS1E-00242-00129574-00130452 doesn't need an open door. water needs a crack. water is fluid, calm but forceful
xfzk8EjyS1E-00243-00130452-00131052 and many people they're like a rock. they they're so special in their own eyes.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00244-00131052-00131560 they're so important that if you don't give them a place, if you don't promote
xfzk8EjyS1E-00245-00131560-00132030 them, if you don't confirm and you don't encourage their gift yeah I don't think
xfzk8EjyS1E-00246-00132030-00132457 I can do it. if you don't push them, motivate and babysit them, spoon feed
xfzk8EjyS1E-00247-00132457-00132970 them, hold their hand and constantly tell them nice words. no I won't succeed, I'll
xfzk8EjyS1E-00248-00132970-00133426 never do anything outside of my position why? nobody's encouraging me, nobody
xfzk8EjyS1E-00249-00133426-00133813 believes me, my momma didn't tell me I was special, my daddy didn't tell me I
xfzk8EjyS1E-00250-00133813-00134461 was special. so my position is restricting my influence. don't get
xfzk8EjyS1E-00251-00134461-00135214 offended but it's not your mama, it's not your position, it's your ego and it's
xfzk8EjyS1E-00252-00135214-00135994 your laziness. you have a lot of time and if instead of benching on. instead of benching on Netflix and instead of watching all
xfzk8EjyS1E-00253-00135994-00136438 the latest movies, if you would develop some other skills and develop some other
xfzk8EjyS1E-00254-00136438-00136873 things and exercise your anointing outside of your position, God will use
xfzk8EjyS1E-00255-00136873-00137296 you no less just because your position at your work or in the ministry now
xfzk8EjyS1E-00256-00137296-00137832 doesn't match your potential. come on somebody!
xfzk8EjyS1E-00257-00138489-00138924 anointing doesn't need a title to operate, it needs a problem to fix.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00258-00138924-00139366 anointing doesn't need a title to operate, it needs a problem to fix.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00259-00139366-00139918 we shouldn't seek a stage to shine on, we should seek an opportunity to serve. some
xfzk8EjyS1E-00260-00139918-00140296 people are always looking for a spotlight to shine on them. scripture
xfzk8EjyS1E-00261-00140296-00140617 says you are the light. that means you have to shine. you don't need somebody to
xfzk8EjyS1E-00262-00140617-00140989 give you a light, give them a light. you don't need a stage you just need an
xfzk8EjyS1E-00263-00140989-00141406 opportunity. as a person you need to find a need and fill it, find a hurt and heal
xfzk8EjyS1E-00264-00141406-00141763 it, find a problem and solve it. the anointing of God upon your life does not
xfzk8EjyS1E-00265-00141763-00142153 need the stage. God's anointing didn't wait and says until David gets a
xfzk8EjyS1E-00266-00142153-00142482 crown we can't do anything. God's anointing says David don't need a crown
xfzk8EjyS1E-00267-00142482-00143050 David needs a lion. David don't need people to say oh my gosh David is such a
xfzk8EjyS1E-00268-00143050-00143542 man of God. David needs a bear, David needs a Goliath, David needs cancer, David
xfzk8EjyS1E-00269-00143542-00144022 needs arthritis, David needs a sickness, David needs a problem, he needs a problem
xfzk8EjyS1E-00270-00144022-00144466 to solve and if you are good at solving problems, God will promise you, God will
xfzk8EjyS1E-00271-00144466-00145012 elevate you, God will open your doors for you. can somebody say Amen! please
xfzk8EjyS1E-00272-00145012-00145501 understand the anointing upon your life, if people hate you,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00273-00145501-00145882 if people hate you and they really want to stop you and you really feel like
xfzk8EjyS1E-00274-00145882-00146359 there's a spirit, demonic spirit operating through a pastor, it's holding
xfzk8EjyS1E-00275-00146359-00147088 you back, cutting you out all the time. if you're  truly anointed no demon can stop
xfzk8EjyS1E-00276-00147088-00147448 you because you're like water. did you see tsunamis cannot be stopped
xfzk8EjyS1E-00277-00147448-00147874 by our nukes, they cannot be stopped by nothing. if you're like water you don't
xfzk8EjyS1E-00278-00147874-00148216 need a crack, you don't need somebody to roll a red carpet for you, somebody to
xfzk8EjyS1E-00279-00148216-00148541 constantly pep talk to you, you just need a crack, you just need a small
xfzk8EjyS1E-00280-00148541-00148907 opportunity where you can help somebody, where you can help somebody and next thing
xfzk8EjyS1E-00281-00148907-00149339 that happens you will come out into a new season, into the new room, into the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00282-00149339-00149738 new level, you will come out to a new position. why?because you are flexible,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00283-00149738-00150152 you are fluent and because you bring benefit and help to other people don't
xfzk8EjyS1E-00284-00150152-00150659 be stiff, don't be too solid, don't be too ego driven, don't think too much of
xfzk8EjyS1E-00285-00150659-00151166 yourself, be humble in your mind and God will exalt you at your due time. somebody
xfzk8EjyS1E-00286-00151166-00151679 give God some praise right now. somebody who is fluid in the spirit
xfzk8EjyS1E-00287-00151679-00152093 give God some praise right now. somebody who knows you're going to end
xfzk8EjyS1E-00288-00152093-00152602 your season in your life give God some praise right now
xfzk8EjyS1E-00289-00153196-00153866 pride will not let us succeed outside of our position, ego will not let you
xfzk8EjyS1E-00290-00153866-00154457 succeed as a slave because you've been called to be a president. Joseph. ego will
xfzk8EjyS1E-00291-00154457-00154905 not let you succeed as a musician because you're too anointed to be a king.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00292-00154905-00155366 ego will never let you go back to the sheep just because you got anointed to
xfzk8EjyS1E-00293-00155366-00156080 be a king. ego will never pick up a towel just because you have a title that
xfzk8EjyS1E-00294-00156080-00156691 you're a son of God. see in order to succeed in a calling you have to swallow
xfzk8EjyS1E-00295-00156691-00157421 your ego. Jesus simply picked up a towel. he had the title as the son of God but
xfzk8EjyS1E-00296-00157421-00157925 in that moment it didn't matter. people whom God will use are people whose egos
xfzk8EjyS1E-00297-00157925-00158438 are small and hunger is big and a lot of times the only thing that we have that's
xfzk8EjyS1E-00298-00158438-00158996 big is our ego. our passion is small, our prayer life is small, our desire to learn
xfzk8EjyS1E-00299-00158996-00159505 is small, our desire to improve our skills, to grow in our grace is small and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00300-00159505-00160157 the only thing that's big is inflated version of ourselves. it's like a balloon.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00301-00160157-00160696 we're walking it's so touchy god forbid somebody touches us the wrong way oh
xfzk8EjyS1E-00302-00160696-00161579 that's when you know you're inflated. not anointed, inflated. Stephen wasn't
xfzk8EjyS1E-00303-00161579-00161974 inflated, he was easily said yes if you need you guys needed me to serve
xfzk8EjyS1E-00304-00161974-00162335 at the kitchen I'll show up at the kitchen but that doesn't mean that I'm
xfzk8EjyS1E-00305-00162335-00162845 gonna stop serving within my gift and I don't need Peter to sign off on that. if
xfzk8EjyS1E-00306-00162845-00163262 Peter's okay with me going on the streets I'll preach on the streets. if you have
xfzk8EjyS1E-00307-00163262-00163601 an anointing to preach, if you have an anointing to heal the sick, if you have a
xfzk8EjyS1E-00308-00163601-00164017 ministry inside of you, if you really have that you don't need somebody. what
xfzk8EjyS1E-00309-00164017-00164432 you need is you need to stop thinking of yourself too highly and being offended
xfzk8EjyS1E-00310-00164432-00164762 that people don't see it and find opportunities where you can serve and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00311-00164762-00165221 you will be surprised how those crazy small opportunities like playing music
xfzk8EjyS1E-00312-00165221-00165647 for David for Saul will lead to becoming his armor-bearer, becoming a general,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00313-00165647-00166109 becoming a fugitive and then a king of a one tribe, becoming a king of
xfzk8EjyS1E-00314-00166109-00166555 all the tribes. God's calling will take you to the throne but God will take you
xfzk8EjyS1E-00315-00166555-00166864 through a process. God will take me through the process where he will kill
xfzk8EjyS1E-00316-00166864-00167364 insecurity where he will kill my little petty little self-esteem, petty little
xfzk8EjyS1E-00317-00167364-00167755 self-importance. he will put it down and the only that would be important is God
xfzk8EjyS1E-00318-00167755-00168388 what he said about me and how he sees me. can somebody say Amen. don't leave the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00319-00168388-00168932 church just because you're famous on the streets. there's a temptation that
xfzk8EjyS1E-00320-00168932-00169366 happens is this is the moment the ministry gets big outside we want to rub
xfzk8EjyS1E-00321-00169366-00169654 it into the people on the inside, say well you didn't believe in me, look what
xfzk8EjyS1E-00322-00169654-00170369 God did. I'm leaving, starting my own international LCC or my own
xfzk8EjyS1E-00323-00170369-00170699 international ministry. Stephen never did that. the only reason why Stephen left
xfzk8EjyS1E-00324-00170699-00171200 because they killed him. I see a lot of people who sometimes they get limited,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00325-00171200-00171521 they feel like they're limited in the church and especially those of you
xfzk8EjyS1E-00326-00171521-00171850 coming from other churches so you come and you're like man in the other church.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00327-00171850-00172262 I was an apostle in the other church, I was I was this and I was that and please
xfzk8EjyS1E-00328-00172262-00173033 understand in order to prove that you were that, serve. reference letters are
xfzk8EjyS1E-00329-00173033-00173345 good, your videos on YouTube that you prophesied in the other church are
xfzk8EjyS1E-00330-00173345-00173887 amazing. the problem is this body of people they don't know you, they don't
xfzk8EjyS1E-00331-00173887-00174277 therefore they don't trust you. you can give the right prophecy, people won't
xfzk8EjyS1E-00332-00174277-00174601 hear it. you will say they will hear it because they don't know you why? they
xfzk8EjyS1E-00333-00174601-00174983 don't know you because you just came in, learn to serve, get to know the church,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00334-00174983-00175499 let the church get to know you so that your voice will be heard not just spoken
xfzk8EjyS1E-00335-00175499-00175808 what you say is true. it's just nobody will hear it, nobody
xfzk8EjyS1E-00336-00175808-00176200 will care because they don't know you because they don't see your faithfulness
xfzk8EjyS1E-00337-00176200-00176629 and so no matter how popular, how anointed that you were and how great you
xfzk8EjyS1E-00338-00176629-00176887 are in the marketplace you have to understand you can't just come
xfzk8EjyS1E-00339-00176887-00177362 in and shove your title. you have  to come in and pick up a towel and serve, serve in
xfzk8EjyS1E-00340-00177362-00178237 any way, show your heart first not your skills and lastly so I think first thing
xfzk8EjyS1E-00341-00178237-00178576 we mentioned is that your position is smaller than your potential. don't worry
xfzk8EjyS1E-00342-00178576-00179024 about that. make sure that your character is not smaller than your gift. the second
xfzk8EjyS1E-00343-00179024-00179386 thing that we mentioned that a position in your work and position in
xfzk8EjyS1E-00344-00179386-00179928 church doesn't limit you. it's your lack of desire to grow and your you're
xfzk8EjyS1E-00345-00179928-00180364 thinking too highly of yourself. it's that's what's gonna limit you but the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00346-00180364-00180586 third thing that I want to share with you and this it's kind of pretty much
xfzk8EjyS1E-00347-00180586-00180994 slightly contradict what I just mentioned in point one. the reason why is
xfzk8EjyS1E-00348-00180994-00181404 because we I have to mention this and we have to see, we have to correct our
xfzk8EjyS1E-00349-00181404-00182095 motives is that serving is not a stepping stone. serving is not a stepping
xfzk8EjyS1E-00350-00182095-00182599 stone. Stephen we know where in here we see now maybe he did but we don't see it
xfzk8EjyS1E-00351-00182599-00183160 well he got promoted into a better position in the church because his
xfzk8EjyS1E-00352-00183160-00183634 ministry outside of the church was successful. you don't see here was Stephen
xfzk8EjyS1E-00353-00183634-00184036 like the church saw his sermon and YouTube went viral like outside of the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00354-00184036-00184432 church like dude he's gonna be part of our preaching team. you don't see Stephen
xfzk8EjyS1E-00355-00184432-00184803 after a few healings Peter's like oh dude man we're gonna send you to other cities
xfzk8EjyS1E-00356-00184803-00185215 as well man you you're good. the only thing that we saw here is that he didn't
xfzk8EjyS1E-00357-00185215-00185610 get promoted to a better ministry he got promoted to a better place.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00358-00185610-00186180 he went to God's glory. you can't beat that kind of promotion. guys like you did
xfzk8EjyS1E-00359-00186180-00186484 so good the church doesn't see it, I'm seeing it. you coming home sunshine.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00360-00186484-00187210 you're coming home now. it's true if you are faithful many times men will see it,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00361-00187210-00187777 man will appoint you God will open doors, he'll promote you, he will exalt those who
xfzk8EjyS1E-00362-00187777-00188197 walk in humility but it's important that we don't see this thing that we are
xfzk8EjyS1E-00363-00188197-00189345 doing for God as a temporary stepping stone until King Saul dies, until Pharaoh
xfzk8EjyS1E-00364-00189345-00190069 gets the revelation, I'm the guy because then what we do is that we use the
xfzk8EjyS1E-00365-00190069-00190794 serving to build our ministry instead of God using us to build his kingdom.
xfzk8EjyS1E-00366-00190794-00191276 plus the Bible presents the church as the body. how many of you know you don't
xfzk8EjyS1E-00367-00191276-00191888 promote your heart to become eyes because it pumps blood really good. you
xfzk8EjyS1E-00368-00191888-00192173 don't give your heart after five years saying you keep it pumping blood so good
xfzk8EjyS1E-00369-00192173-00192830 I'm gonna make you a nose. I'm gonna promote you into being ear so everybody
xfzk8EjyS1E-00370-00192830-00193103 can see you. I'm gonna promote you to be eyebrow so
xfzk8EjyS1E-00371-00193103-00193481 you can be an every single photo. nobody does that with their heart, nobody
xfzk8EjyS1E-00372-00193481-00193898 does that with their lungs. sometimes the Lord doesn't promote us into visibility
xfzk8EjyS1E-00373-00193898-00194387 because that is really our sweet spot where we are being effective and where
xfzk8EjyS1E-00374-00194387-00194816 we are serving him and we shouldn't compare the function and the visibility
xfzk8EjyS1E-00375-00194816-00195269 of the heart with eyebrows and eyes because eyes cannot do without heart and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00376-00195269-00195746 heart cannot do without eyes. we all have our functions where God will reward us
xfzk8EjyS1E-00377-00195746-00196226 not based on what people thought of us, not based on where we got invited to
xfzk8EjyS1E-00378-00196226-00196691 speak, not based us where our books landed on New York Times, not based us
xfzk8EjyS1E-00379-00196691-00197114 on how many people followed us on social media or how many people listened
xfzk8EjyS1E-00380-00197114-00197600 to us. God will promote us on how effective the heart was beating, how
xfzk8EjyS1E-00381-00197600-00198098 effective the lungs were receiving air, how effective were eyes seeing, how
xfzk8EjyS1E-00382-00198098-00198557 effective were ears hearing and so you have to understand you and I will stand
xfzk8EjyS1E-00383-00198557-00198983 before God and we will give an account not how we measured in the eyes of man
xfzk8EjyS1E-00384-00198983-00199571 but what we did in the eyes of God. I'm all for promotion. I believe that God
xfzk8EjyS1E-00385-00199571-00200072 will exalt us but our motives have to be pure. God will purify our motives by
xfzk8EjyS1E-00386-00200072-00200579 sometimes lingering our promotion so he can get all of the faults from our
xfzk8EjyS1E-00387-00200579-00201122 motives out so our motives is not I'm using the church to build me, to
xfzk8EjyS1E-00388-00201122-00201719 God using me to build his kingdom. my name will die but his name will live.we
xfzk8EjyS1E-00389-00201719-00202172 live for the fame of his name we don't live for the fame of our name. we don't
xfzk8EjyS1E-00390-00202172-00202595 use the church as the platform to get a ministry going we use our ministry as a
xfzk8EjyS1E-00391-00202595-00203098 platform to get God's kingdom spread. there is only one name that heals the sick. there is
xfzk8EjyS1E-00392-00203098-00203503 only one name that drives out demons and is only one name that restores broken
xfzk8EjyS1E-00393-00203503-00203992 marriages, there is only one name that hell is afraid of. it is not the name hungry
xfzk8EjyS1E-00394-00203992-00204460 generation, it is not the name Vlad. it is the name of Jesus Christ the Son
xfzk8EjyS1E-00395-00204460-00204931 of the Living God, the name that's been exalted above every name, the name that
xfzk8EjyS1E-00396-00204931-00205569 heals the sick, the name that islands will trust in. somebody shout that name,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00397-00205569-00206627 somebody shout that name, somebody shout that name!
xfzk8EjyS1E-00398-00206627-00207134 we don't promote a heart to become a mouth because it pumps blood good. don't
xfzk8EjyS1E-00399-00207134-00207608 fall into pressure, don't live insecure. be comfortable in your calling,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00400-00207608-00208112 don't compare and compete. run your race. I'm going to read last verse and then
xfzk8EjyS1E-00401-00208112-00208561 we're gonna go in testimonies. John chapter 17 verse 4 it says the following,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00402-00208561-00209087 Jesus said this, I have glorified you on earth. I have finished the work that you
xfzk8EjyS1E-00403-00209087-00209489 have me to do. I love this about Jesus he didn't live on this earth even
xfzk8EjyS1E-00404-00209489-00210042 glorifying his name. he was God. his motive was I glorified you on earth and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00405-00210042-00210335 I did what you asked me. you put me you positioned me in a
xfzk8EjyS1E-00406-00210335-00210881 particular place. I did it, didn't write a book, didn't start a physical building, he
xfzk8EjyS1E-00407-00210881-00211269 didn't build a building, didn't travel very far and didn't live very long but
xfzk8EjyS1E-00408-00211269-00211835 he says did I did this two things, I glorified you and I did what you called
xfzk8EjyS1E-00409-00211835-00212202 me to do. he didn't say what people said about me because people thought he was
xfzk8EjyS1E-00410-00212202-00212621 crazy. at the end of your life your success will depend on these two things,
xfzk8EjyS1E-00411-00212621-00213083 lord i glorified you, everything i did was for your glory not for my fame and
xfzk8EjyS1E-00412-00213083-00213804 lord i did what you called me to do
xg66LHRrbiU-00000-00000000-00000990 [music]
xg66LHRrbiU-00001-00000990-00001510 This video will cover two types of formulas: same-row and multi-row.
xg66LHRrbiU-00002-00001510-00002053 A commonly used method of data preparation is using existing fields to create new variables.
xg66LHRrbiU-00003-00002053-00002209 Examples include:
xg66LHRrbiU-00004-00002210-00002843 Adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing, or applying another mathematical function to a numeric field
xg66LHRrbiU-00005-00002843-00003213 Extracting and transforming substrings from a text field
xg66LHRrbiU-00006-00003213-00003593 Extracting, truncating, and parsing date parts from a date field
xg66LHRrbiU-00007-00003593-00004049 Conditional statements using if...then and binning to create new variables
xg66LHRrbiU-00008-00004050-00004530 and comparing values of two different fields to create a Boolean variable
xg66LHRrbiU-00009-00004530-00005056 Formulas can be used for adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing two numeric fields.
xg66LHRrbiU-00010-00005056-00005903 In this table, we apply a formula to create the price column, which was calculated by dividing Units Sold by Total Amount.
xg66LHRrbiU-00011-00005903-00006379 Formulas can also be used when applying a mathematical function to a numeric field.
xg66LHRrbiU-00012-00006380-00007333 Examples of mathematical functions are average, floor (finding the smallest value), ceiling (finding the largest value), square, square root, 
xg66LHRrbiU-00013-00007333-00007763 absolute value, trigonometric functions, and logarithmic functions.
xg66LHRrbiU-00014-00007763-00008196 In this table, we will create an Observation Average column using the average formula,
xg66LHRrbiU-00015-00008196-00008746 which averaged values from the Observation 1 and Observation 2 columns.
xg66LHRrbiU-00016-00008746-00009186 Formulas can also be used to extract and transform strings from a text field.
xg66LHRrbiU-00017-00009186-00009743 There are a few common functions for transforming text, and they are typically named differently depending on the software package
xg66LHRrbiU-00018-00009743-00010406 being used. The most common of these are: Upper/Lower used to change the field to all upper or lower case characters,
xg66LHRrbiU-00019-00010406-00010749 Concatenate which combines two or more strings into one field,
xg66LHRrbiU-00020-00010750-00011046 Substring used to extract a portion of a string,
xg66LHRrbiU-00021-00011046-00011483 Trim which can remove certain characters, usually spaces, from a field,
xg66LHRrbiU-00022-00011483-00011886 Index used to find the location of a certain string within a field, and
xg66LHRrbiU-00023-00011886-00012159 Length which finds how many characters are in a field.
xg66LHRrbiU-00024-00012160-00012780 These are the basic string functions that almost every software package will include, and can be combined to complete almost any string
xg66LHRrbiU-00025-00012780-00013523 transformation. For the following example, we will use two functions to transform a field that holds a city and state into two fields.
xg66LHRrbiU-00026-00013523-00014029 To extract city and state from the Airport Location field, we would need to extract all the text before
xg66LHRrbiU-00027-00014030-00014519 the comma as the city field, and everything after the comma and space as the state field. To do
xg66LHRrbiU-00028-00014519-00014856 this, we need two functions: Index and Substring.
xg66LHRrbiU-00029-00014856-00015289 The Index function will help us identify the location of the comma in the text field, counting
xg66LHRrbiU-00030-00015290-00015800 from the left, including spaces. This is done because the comma is not always in the same location.
xg66LHRrbiU-00031-00015800-00016480 Then we use the Substring function to extract everything before the comma as the formula for the city field, and extract everything after the
xg66LHRrbiU-00032-00016480-00016700 comma and space for the state field.
xg66LHRrbiU-00033-00016700-00017240 To get the city and state columns back into the format of the original field, we would use a concatenate function.
xg66LHRrbiU-00034-00017240-00017766 We can also use formulas for extracting, truncating, and parsing date parts from a date field.
xg66LHRrbiU-00035-00017766-00018289 A date or datetime field carries more information than a typical variable: the time of day, the day of
xg66LHRrbiU-00036-00018290-00018913 week, day of month, month of year, year number, and difference in the date from other dates (such
xg66LHRrbiU-00037-00018913-00019389 as today). Extracting this (and other) information out of a date field is a transforming technique that
xg66LHRrbiU-00038-00019390-00019756 can add to the value of a dataset during analysis and reporting.
xg66LHRrbiU-00039-00019756-00019989 The most heavily used date functions are:
xg66LHRrbiU-00040-00019990-00020216 Today used to get today's date,
xg66LHRrbiU-00041-00020216-00020759 Date Part used to get a part of a date (for example, getting the month of date will return the numeric value of the month,)
xg66LHRrbiU-00042-00020760-00021243 Date Truncate which will return a date value at the beginning of a period specified (for example,
xg66LHRrbiU-00043-00021243-00021669 truncating a date at the month level will return the first day of the month for the date,)
xg66LHRrbiU-00044-00021670-00022096 Date Add which will add or subtract a certain number of periods to a date, and
xg66LHRrbiU-00045-00022096-00022526 Date Difference used to calculate the number of periods between two dates.
xg66LHRrbiU-00046-00022526-00023139 This table contains the major holidays for 2016. For each date value, we can extract other features.
xg66LHRrbiU-00047-00023140-00023513 We can add a column with a numeric value to describe the Day of Week.
xg66LHRrbiU-00048-00023513-00024053 We can subtract today's date from the date column to find the number of days remaining until the holiday occurs.
xg66LHRrbiU-00049-00024053-00024576 With formulas, we can also compare values of two different fields to create a Boolean variable.
xg66LHRrbiU-00050-00024576-00025139 A boolean variable is typically used to capture true/false values. To create a boolean variable, a
xg66LHRrbiU-00051-00025140-00025786 logical statement, or condition, can be used in a formula. This logical statement can compare two values of the same type.
xg66LHRrbiU-00052-00025786-00025913 Numeric values,
xg66LHRrbiU-00053-00025913-00026029 strings, and
xg66LHRrbiU-00054-00026030-00026163 dates.
xg66LHRrbiU-00055-00026163-00026386 This table depicts the population of states.
xg66LHRrbiU-00056-00026386-00026833 We can use a formula to create a column that displays whether the state is on the East Coast.
xg66LHRrbiU-00057-00026833-00027229 We can also create a column to display whether the state has a high population.
xg66LHRrbiU-00058-00027230-00027833 Formulas can also be used with conditional statements such as ifﾦthen and when binning to create new variables.
xg66LHRrbiU-00059-00027833-00028296 To create a variable with multiple possible outcomes, conditional statements are needed.
xg66LHRrbiU-00060-00028296-00028456 These usually take the form of:
xg66LHRrbiU-00061-00028456-00028633 If (condition 1 is met)
xg66LHRrbiU-00062-00028633-00028783 then (outcome 1)
xg66LHRrbiU-00063-00028783-00028989 else if (condition 2 is met)
xg66LHRrbiU-00064-00028989-00029173 then (outcome 2)
xg66LHRrbiU-00065-00029173-00029393 else (outcome 3)
xg66LHRrbiU-00066-00029393-00029823 While the conditions within these statements are the same as Boolean formulas, these formulas
xg66LHRrbiU-00067-00029823-00030363 offer more flexibility, as the analyst can assign any value when the condition is met, and can use
xg66LHRrbiU-00068-00030363-00030609 as many conditions and outcomes as needed.
xg66LHRrbiU-00069-00030610-00031046 While there are many applications of conditional statements, one of the most common is to bin, or
xg66LHRrbiU-00070-00031046-00031719 tile, numeric variables - a process which transforms the continuous numeric variables into categorical variables.
xg66LHRrbiU-00071-00031720-00032333 In this table, we compute Sales Volume with if then logic: if Sales is greater than 40,000, then
xg66LHRrbiU-00072-00032333-00033023 High; else if Sales is less than 20,000, then Medium; else, Low. This formula begins with
xg66LHRrbiU-00073-00033023-00033676 testing the first condition, if sales is greater than 40,000, and if it is true, the first outcome, High,
xg66LHRrbiU-00074-00033676-00034289 will be assigned. The second condition, else if greater than 20,000, is evaluated only if the first
xg66LHRrbiU-00075-00034290-00034970 condition is false. If the second condition is true, the second outcome, Medium, will be assigned. If
xg66LHRrbiU-00076-00034970-00035720 neither the first nor second conditions are true, then the final outcome, Low, will be assigned.
xg66LHRrbiU-00077-00035720-00036396 Sometimes data from a separate row or rows needs to be used when creating variables. For this, a multi-row formula is needed.
xg66LHRrbiU-00078-00036396-00036923 A Running Total is the most basic multi-row formula. It adds the value of a field of the current
xg66LHRrbiU-00079-00036923-00037439 row to the value of the previous row. This can be done across an entire dataset for a particular
xg66LHRrbiU-00080-00037440-00037770 variable, or it can be grouped by certain dimensions.
xg66LHRrbiU-00081-00037770-00038116 A Lag value looks at the data in preceding rows while
xg66LHRrbiU-00082-00038116-00038599 Lead values looks at data in subsequent rows, and is the opposite of lag.
xg66LHRrbiU-00083-00038600-00039146 Window functions provide the ability to perform calculations (like sum, average, and rank) across
xg66LHRrbiU-00084-00039146-00039689 sets of rows that are related to the current query row. This is equivalent to aggregating the dataset
xg66LHRrbiU-00085-00039690-00040183 across one or more dimensions, then joining the resulting dataset back to the original. This should
xg66LHRrbiU-00086-00040183-00040579 be used carefully, as values will be repeated for all levels of the dimension.
xg66LHRrbiU-00087-00040580-00041026 An example of this is in the transportation industry, where a row typically represents one
xg66LHRrbiU-00088-00041026-00041423 leg of a trip. After sorting the dataset properly, the lag function can be used to combine rows so 
xg66LHRrbiU-00089-00041423-00041819 that data describing the round trip is displayed.
xg66LHRrbiU-00090-00041820-00042293 Total Price is a running total of Ticket Price, grouped by Passenger ID. Notice how, upon
xg66LHRrbiU-00091-00042293-00042859 reaching the first row for a Passenger ID, the sum starts over, and Total Price equals Ticket Price.
xg66LHRrbiU-00092-00042860-00043310 Total Flight Time is a running total of Flight Time, grouped by Passenger ID.
xg66LHRrbiU-00093-00043310-00043783 Lag of Destination uses the lag function, which doesn't consider any variables other than
xg66LHRrbiU-00094-00043783-00044169 Destination. This means it is dependent on the sort order of the dataset.
xg66LHRrbiU-00095-00044170-00044760 Sum of Ticket Price is a window function, which is the sum of the ticket price partitioned (or grouped) by Passenger ID.
xg66LHRrbiU-00096-00044760-00045166 This concludes our video on form single- and multi-row formulas.
xg66LHRrbiU-00097-00045166-00046256 [music]