ngjg0LvKOxI-00000-00000000-00000200 Everything was normal.
nif5gM_X-4U-00000-00000280-00000829 Hi everyone! In order to demonstrate the integration between DDS-CAD and
nif5gM_X-4U-00001-00000829-00001370 BIMcollab, I'm going to create a BIMcollab project in the cloud. I will
nif5gM_X-4U-00002-00001370-00002018 create an issue in the BIMcollab BCF manager in DDS-CAD and synchronize
nif5gM_X-4U-00003-00002018-00002611 the issue to the cloud. To create a BIMcollab project we go to the cloud. There we find
nif5gM_X-4U-00004-00002611-00003401 the option New Project. I simply type BIMcollab DDS-CAD Integration and
nif5gM_X-4U-00005-00003401-00004136 create the project. With the project created in the cloud, we can access the
nif5gM_X-4U-00006-00004136-00005126 BIMcollab BCF Manager in DDS-CAD. We'll connect to the cloud and in the
nif5gM_X-4U-00007-00005126-00005939 project list I find the BIMcollab DDS-CAD Integration project. To demonstrate the
nif5gM_X-4U-00008-00005939-00006472 creation of an issue in theBIMcollab BCF Manager, I will do a clash
nif5gM_X-4U-00009-00006472-00007130 detection analysis. I go to Tools, Analyze Model and then Clash Detection.
nif5gM_X-4U-00010-00007130-00008102 I have predefined the clash configuration Electrical and Mechanical. In the Issue
nif5gM_X-4U-00011-00008102-00008779 List I select one clash. Like this one, and I will clip away the surrounding
nif5gM_X-4U-00012-00008779-00009944 geometry. As you can see, DDS-CAD has found this clash between the duct
nif5gM_X-4U-00013-00009944-00010797 segment and a ladder segment. From this clash I can directly create a BCF issue.
nif5gM_X-4U-00014-00010797-00011510 DDS-CAD automatically creates the BCF issue in the BIMcollab BCF Manager. Here
nif5gM_X-4U-00015-00011510-00012265 we find a snapshot of the clashing elements, the author, and etc. To include a comment
nif5gM_X-4U-00016-00012265-00013039 we can select Edit Issue or simply double-click the comment below. In this
nif5gM_X-4U-00017-00013039-00013370 case, I will simulate that I'm an electrical designer
nif5gM_X-4U-00018-00013370-00014144 and I will ask the mechanical designer to move the duct to avoid the clash. I could
nif5gM_X-4U-00019-00014144-00014647 even send this comment by email to a project member using the notify option.
nif5gM_X-4U-00020-00014647-00015434 In this case, I will click Save. Next, I can synchronize a single issue by
nif5gM_X-4U-00021-00015434-00016073 selecting the issue and click on Publish Now. Alternatively, if you have a big project
nif5gM_X-4U-00022-00016073-00016628 and you would like to synchronize the complete project, simply click on
nif5gM_X-4U-00023-00016628-00017420 Synchronize Project. If we go to the Issues tab in the cloud, you will see that
nif5gM_X-4U-00024-00017420-00017807 the issue that we just created and synchronized is directly available to
nif5gM_X-4U-00025-00017807-00018140 all other project members.
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00000-00000112-00000720 welcome to our fourth module in the introduction to doco for dpu's dli course called doka
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00001-00000720-00001392 development environments in our previous module we went through the steps to set up a bluefield 2 dpu
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00002-00001392-00001855 to get the host and the bluefield set up correctly with the doka sdk software
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00003-00001855-00002512 to be able to both write and execute or test doka applications in this module we'll cover
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00004-00002512-00002992 some more of the developer experience and share some examples of building code in a
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00005-00002992-00003511 few of the different environments depending on your cpu architecture let's get started
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00006-00004240-00004728 in this module we'll open with describing a little bit about the doka developer experience in general
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00007-00004824-00005208 after that we'll look at two ways to develop for arm architectures
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00008-00005208-00005560 by looking at example of building one of our included reference applications
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00009-00005664-00006192 then we'll also see an example of compiling and building a doca application on the x86 host
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00010-00006504-00007231 doca is not a closed api ecosystem developing for bluefield 2 dpus does not mean you lock into
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00011-00007231-00008232 a single development environment bluefield 2 dpus directly support many open apis like dpdk linux tc
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00012-00008232-00008872 and ovs offload grpc communication channels or any standard linux monitoring service
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00013-00009144-00009560 the goal of doka api libraries is to make many aspects of the development
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00014-00009560-00010440 process easier faster and more flexible the libraries doka provides enables two functions
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00015-00010504-00011184 either building on top of existing apis like dpdk to simplify them extend them and
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00016-00011184-00011760 accelerate their development when moving faster than the community can the other is to provide
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00017-00011760-00012336 access to some of the custom accelerators and engines that we have on the dpu that do not have
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00018-00012336-00012896 standard api implementations like our storage hashing and host introspection capabilities
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00019-00013056-00013552 again doka is an abstraction layer intended to make development for dpus easier
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00020-00013832-00014424 doka provides two different development models one where applications are compiled for and
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00021-00014424-00015080 run directly on the arm cpu this may be for isolation or for a specific offload function
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00022-00015144-00015616 for example a security agent that needs to be isolated from the x86
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00023-00015616-00016288 host a second where doka libraries and runtimes are embedded in the x86 application
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00024-00016368-00016768 and are used to communicate with the acceleration and offload engines on the dpu
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00025-00016920-00017464 this may be something like using doka dpdk libraries to accelerate an nvf function
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00026-00017688-00018424 bluefield dpus utilize an arm cpu so that all applications that run directly on the dpu
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00027-00018424-00019056 must be compiled for arm architecture of course if you have an armed server sitting in your office
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00028-00019056-00019760 running linux you can download the doca libraries and start building right away but to enable doka
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00029-00019760-00020192 developers we've built the doka development container which packages a number of build
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00030-00020192-00020904 tools the doka libraries and a qemu emulation layer to allow you to compile doka applications
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00031-00020904-00021728 for armed cpus on x86 hosts this is to help make doka application development fast easy and error
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00032-00021728-00022536 free as we've discussed in previous modules the doka for dpu imaging and first time setup process
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00033-00022536-00023160 includes all of the doka sdk libraries drivers and source files necessary for development
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00034-00023304-00023904 as an example we saw the doka url filter sample application in the previous module but let's
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00035-00023904-00024520 compile and run that application from source using the dpu as a development and build environment
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00036-00024760-00025336 starting logged onto the dpu first let's change to the root user because we'll need to access
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00037-00025336-00025904 some of the sysfs to make a few configuration changes to support the doca dpdk applications
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00038-00026032-00026448 all of these instructions for building the sample applications can also be found in
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00039-00026448-00026848 the dev zone documentation under the url filter sample application
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00040-00027456-00027776 now we'll change to the sample application source path
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00041-00027776-00028424 at opt melanox doca examples url filter source
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00042-00028639-00029056 here let's set the package config path environment variable
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00043-00029056-00029583 to point to the dpdk packages path to support the underlying dpdk dependencies
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00044-00029792-00030200 but this step can be performed at any time from our working shell prior to build
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00045-00030439-00030983 from here where the meson.build file is we can simply issue nissan build to build the application
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00046-00031136-00031583 this will create a build directory that we'll need to change to then by running
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00047-00031583-00032383 ninja we can compile and link the application to create our executable doka application
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00048-00032776-00033192 to run this and most other sample applications it requires two
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00049-00033192-00033784 interfaces an ingress and egress interface for the application to pass packets between
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00050-00033912-00034328 for demonstration we can use the two scalable functions provided by default
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00051-00034448-00034976 we'll need the auxiliary device index to provide to the doc application and we can
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00052-00034976-00035776 find that by checking the command mellanox sf dash a show where we should see two entries
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00053-00035776-00036616 and be able to locate and confirm the auxiliary device index for launching the doca application
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00054-00036616-00037064 lastly we'll need to enable huge pages for dpdk packet processing
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00055-00037064-00037616 and ensure that the regular expression engine is enabled since the url filter is a doca dpi
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00056-00037616-00038016 library application that leverages the hardware regular expression engine
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00057-00038192-00038496 these commands are in the sdk documentation for reference
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00058-00038728-00039128 now with the runtime environment configured correctly we can go ahead and execute the
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00059-00039128-00039704 application that we built we'll need to provide a few of the pcie devices on the
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00060-00039704-00040168 command line to reference our two network devices as well as the regular expression
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00061-00040168-00040840 accelerator with the dash a flag the dash c3 flag instructs the application which cores to run on
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00062-00041056-00041560 and with that our sample app is successfully running built from source on the on our dpu
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00063-00041560-00042184 which also doubles as a development and build environment
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00064-00042408-00042872 now let's take a look at the other option for developing applications to run on the dpu arm
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00065-00042872-00043576 cores using the build environment container for more rapid development for arm architectures
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00066-00043576-00044176 nvidia provides a docker container to run on x86 hosts that provides an arm emulated environment to
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00067-00044176-00044688 allow developers to build and compile applications for arm without the need for arm hardware
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00068-00044824-00045232 it's important to note that this container simulates the dpu software environment
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00069-00045288-00045840 but is missing all of the underlying hardware and drivers necessary to run doka applications
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00070-00045976-00046472 thus this container is for build and development only and cannot be used for testing
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00071-00046656-00047040 the high level steps are fairly simple download the container
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00072-00047160-00047704 set up the arm emulation environment if you've already got an arm-based machine this isn't
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00073-00047704-00048344 necessary and then load the docker image and go let's walk through the process of setting this up
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00074-00048552-00048888 here we'll step through the process of setting up this development container
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00075-00048888-00049504 on an x86 host again all of the instructions for setting up this container and this environment
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00076-00049504-00050072 are also in the dev zone documentation in the installation guide in the section setting up
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00077-00050072-00050816 build environment container for developers there are slightly different steps to set up a container
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00078-00050816-00051240 depending on your os in this example we're running ubuntu
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00079-00051544-00051944 to get started we'll want to make sure we download the container archive file
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00080-00051944-00052367 from the installation page on doka dev zone and staged on the host
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00081-00052672-00053312 now back on the host with our tarball present and ready we can begin the setup steps first
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00082-00053312-00053776 ensure the docker is installed running docker version is a quick way to check
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00083-00053879-00054528 if docker isn't installed visit the official docker engine instructions at docs.docker.com for
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00084-00054528-00055248 specific instructions to set up docker on your operating system next we need to install qemu
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00085-00055248-00056184 and a few other dependencies to support arm emulation inside of qemu on our ubuntu host
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00086-00057160-00057584 now with those changes let's ensure docker is started and running
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00087-00057776-00058984 then we can issue the docker load command to import and install the docker image on our host
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00088-00059408-00059767 now with the development container loaded we can run the container
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00089-00059767-00060272 but before we do we'll want to think about how we map our doka code project path on our local
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00090-00060272-00060952 machine into the container this way you can seamlessly change files on the host side and
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00091-00060952-00061416 then build and compile in the arm emulated container from the same project directory
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00092-00061567-00062432 let's map the doca examples into the container the path is slash opt melanox slash doka
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00093-00062432-00063184 examples and that path will be mapped into the container at the slash app directory
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00094-00063304-00063720 these volume mapping settings are controlled by the dash v option in the docker run command
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00095-00063791-00064064 and this looks good so let's go ahead and run the container
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00096-00064208-00064496 the container will start running and drop us into a bash shell
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00097-00064552-00065055 and before we can confirm let's check with you name dash a that we're in the arm environment
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00098-00065272-00065624 from here if we change to our slash app directory
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00099-00065712-00066400 and list what is here we'll find that we're in the doka sample app directory back on the x86 host
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00100-00066544-00067384 if we want to build the dns filter application let's change into that directory then source
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00101-00067456-00068000 then just as if we were on the dpu itself we have to set the package config path environment
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00102-00068000-00068848 variable for nissan to find the dpdk dependencies with that set up now we can issue a nissan build
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00103-00068944-00070184 and after that succeeds change into the build directory and run ninja to create our application
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00104-00071184-00071696 remember that we cannot execute this application in this environment so our build application would
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00105-00071696-00072256 have to be moved to a dpu for testing but if we inspect the application with the file command
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00106-00072360-00072880 we can see that it's been built for arm and we've successfully cross compiled an arm application
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00107-00072880-00073200 on our x86 host inside of the doca build container
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00108-00073688-00074200 lastly it's important not to forget that doka applications can be written for and run against
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00109-00074200-00074792 either environment either on the host itself or on the dpu depending on your application and use case
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00110-00075008-00075640 for developing for x86 in the same way that the doca sdk is ready to use in our other examples
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00111-00075640-00076344 from bluefield bring up the tools libraries and drivers are also all in place and all set up
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00112-00076344-00076904 with the doka sdk package installs that we walked through in the previous module for dpu bring up
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00113-00077032-00077464 let's look quick at an example of building a sample application for x86
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00114-00077736-00078272 again starting with the root shell on our x86 host if we browse again to the doka example
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00115-00078272-00078888 directory at slash opt melanox slash doka slash examples let's compile and run the
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00116-00078888-00079984 doka netflow library example application so we'll continue into the source directory
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00117-00080360-00080808 this sample application is built on dpdk and creates an easy to use framework to
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00118-00080808-00081432 send netflow v9 records to a netflow collector over a udp socket out onto the network this
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00119-00081432-00081960 example creates a sample netflow record and sends 40 copies of the record in batch
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00120-00082752-00083024 after changing to the source folder ensure that
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00121-00083024-00083328 you set the package config path environment variable
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00122-00083328-00083920 to the dpdk packages path ensuring that we use the correct architecture here on the x86 host
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00123-00084176-00084560 after setting up that environment variable just like the other examples we can go ahead
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00124-00084560-00084896 and call nissan build to set up our build definition for the application
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00125-00085056-00085632 after completion cd to the build directory and run ninja to build and compile the application
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00126-00086776-00087296 the result is our linked and ready to run sample application and we'll go ahead and execute it
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00127-00088360-00089024 as the output reports it ran successfully and completed sending 40 sample netflow records
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00128-00089024-00089328 and we can confirm that we have a successful build and runtime
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00129-00089328-00089784 environment for doka development on our x86 host
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00130-00090192-00090656 in this module we discuss the different doka development environments available to build
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00131-00090656-00090936 compile and run doka applications
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00132-00091024-00091712 it's important to remember that the doka sdk and runtime are supported for both x86 architectures
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00133-00091712-00092632 as well as arm and thus doka applications can be run on either the x86 host or the dpu itself
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00134-00092632-00092992 we walk through some examples of each of the main development environments
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00135-00092992-00093448 by building and compiling some of the doca reference applications in these environments
nm1grvZ4Qb8-00136-00093624-00093984 thanks for joining us and we'll see you in the next module
ooZFiUA4l2g-00000-00000000-00000200 Uganda Boxing Champions League Finals 2022 with president KagutaMus
o1dAUhkgmic-00000-00000000-00000468 [distant sirens]
o1dAUhkgmic-00001-00001262-00001344 [WHACK]
o1dAUhkgmic-00002-00001688-00001988 hi, i have a broken spine over what just happened
o1dAUhkgmic-00003-00001988-00002118 i need a doctor
o1dAUhkgmic-00004-00002562-00002692 where do i go now?
o1dAUhkgmic-00005-00002692-00002838 wait in the waiting room
o1dAUhkgmic-00006-00003140-00003340 Sir you may come with me
o1dAUhkgmic-00007-00003932-00004015 [thud]
o1dAUhkgmic-00008-00004042-00004120 [ERROR]
o1dAUhkgmic-00009-00004352-00004434 [thud]
o1dAUhkgmic-00010-00005098-00005270 [glass shatters]
o1dAUhkgmic-00011-00005672-00005830 [bones break]
o1dAUhkgmic-00012-00006332-00006531 i have new symptoms
o1dAUhkgmic-00013-00006588-00006704 ok, sir
o1dAUhkgmic-00014-00006704-00006845 what do I do?
o1dAUhkgmic-00015-00006938-00007280 Wait, I think this room is taken already
o1dAUhkgmic-00016-00007359-00007528 follow me sir
o1dAUhkgmic-00017-00008045-00008246 please take a seat
o1dAUhkgmic-00018-00008874-00009092 Is it taking a picture of my bones
o1dAUhkgmic-00019-00009120-00009672 [dialup sounds]
o1dAUhkgmic-00020-00009696-00009746 no
o1dAUhkgmic-00021-00009746-00009908 oh, okay
o1dAUhkgmic-00022-00009908-00010092 an MRI helps me [static]
o1dAUhkgmic-00023-00010206-00010394 please stand here
o1dAUhkgmic-00024-00010568-00010680 [shutter sound]
o1dAUhkgmic-00025-00011088-00011306 How does it look?
o1dAUhkgmic-00026-00011306-00011584 okay sir, you have a broken spine
o1dAUhkgmic-00027-00011584-00011708 what can you do without it
o1dAUhkgmic-00028-00011974-00012384 Well, I can either replace the spine or I can refill the broken spaces
o1dAUhkgmic-00029-00012516-00012608 uhh
o1dAUhkgmic-00030-00012646-00012913 I think refilling would be easier
o1dAUhkgmic-00031-00012913-00012988 and cheaper
o1dAUhkgmic-00032-00012988-00013252 yes it is, please follow me
o1dAUhkgmic-00033-00014156-00014356 Please lay down
o1dAUhkgmic-00034-00014897-00015162 now what?
o1dAUhkgmic-00035-00015162-00015416 relax, the anesth-#####
o1dAUhkgmic-00036-00015416-00015569 i feel funny
o1dAUhkgmic-00037-00015586-00015700 the room is spinning
o1dAUhkgmic-00038-00015700-00015996 *passes out* It's okay sir, it's the sleepy #### we gave you
o1dAUhkgmic-00039-00016019-00016108 it's my room
o1dAUhkgmic-00040-00016222-00016356 get out
o1dAUhkgmic-00041-00016356-00016530 This is for surgery
o1dAUhkgmic-00042-00016568-00016854 [snoring]
o1dAUhkgmic-00043-00017038-00017144 *drools*
o1dAUhkgmic-00044-00017200-00017416 *puts in the fills in broken spine*
o1dAUhkgmic-00045-00017416-00017542 *wets bed*
o1dAUhkgmic-00046-00017542-00017656 ew
o1dAUhkgmic-00047-00017750-00017938 *continues wetting*
o1dAUhkgmic-00048-00017938-00018266 Puts in stitches
o1dAUhkgmic-00049-00018266-00018516 *wakes up*
o1dAUhkgmic-00050-00018516-00018664 Oh god it hurts
o1dAUhkgmic-00051-00018664-00018858 ok, that's ok *falls back to sleep*
o1dAUhkgmic-00052-00018954-00019158 woah hi
o1dAUhkgmic-00053-00019202-00019320 did i make it?
o1dAUhkgmic-00054-00019392-00019554 Get out please
o1dAUhkgmic-00055-00019614-00019790 i am helping him
o1dAUhkgmic-00056-00019790-00019978 roblox she's helping me
o1dAUhkgmic-00057-00020086-00020228 i can help too
o1dAUhkgmic-00058-00020242-00020404 wow, thank you alice
o1dAUhkgmic-00059-00020404-00020622 it was a success
o1dAUhkgmic-00060-00020622-00020868 no, it's not done
o1dAUhkgmic-00061-00020868-00021060 But you have to stay the night
o1dAUhkgmic-00062-00021060-00021232 oh, okay
o1dAUhkgmic-00063-00021472-00021708 Just to make sure everything is okay
o1dAUhkgmic-00064-00021708-00022056 Roblox if you don't get out you'll need an operation too
o1dAUhkgmic-00065-00022056-00022224 take me to my bed please
o1dAUhkgmic-00066-00022224-00022440 okay, sir, you can follow me
o1dAUhkgmic-00067-00023940-00024140 Okay, sir, there you go
o1dAUhkgmic-00068-00024157-00024364 Thanks this I appreciate it
o1dAUhkgmic-00069-00024364-00024758 can you do me a favor and bring me more sleepy juice
o1dAUhkgmic-00070-00024758-00024916 it felt nice
o1dAUhkgmic-00071-00024916-00025120 okay but you can't have a [static]
o1dAUhkgmic-00072-00025120-00025206 Thanks nurse
o1dAUhkgmic-00073-00025206-00025392 here you go, sir
o1dAUhkgmic-00074-00025392-00025510 Mmm
o1dAUhkgmic-00075-00025620-00025756 *falls asleep*
o1dAUhkgmic-00076-00027050-00027100 *dies*
o15mZsWmp04-00000-00000050-00000650 What is peace for you?
o15mZsWmp04-00001-00000800-00001400 Well, the peace for us,
o15mZsWmp04-00002-00001001-00001601 the indigenous people, means the possibility
o15mZsWmp04-00003-00001501-00002101 of being able to be in harmony with the environment, with
o15mZsWmp04-00004-00002002-00002602 nature, with each of the beings
o15mZsWmp04-00005-00002502-00003102 who inhabit the territory. Peace for us means
o15mZsWmp04-00006-00003003-00003603 To have education, health, territory, justice,
o15mZsWmp04-00007-00003503-00004103 autonomy. It means that we
o15mZsWmp04-00008-00004004-00004604 can move by our territories quietly, that we can live together
o15mZsWmp04-00009-00004504-00005104 peacefully, regardless of the diversity, of the
o15mZsWmp04-00010-00005005-00005605 plurality ideological, cultural, political, organizational
o15mZsWmp04-00011-00005505-00006105 that exists. For us, peace means
o15mZsWmp04-00012-00005999-00006599 being able to build a country much more fair,
o15mZsWmp04-00013-00006499-00007099 a country much more equitable, a country
o15mZsWmp04-00014-00007000-00007600 much more inclusive, a country without discrimination,
o15mZsWmp04-00015-00007500-00008100 without exclusion, a country which in truth is made
o15mZsWmp04-00016-00008001-00008601 and designed for all sectors, to all social actors,
o15mZsWmp04-00017-00008501-00009101 political, economic, regardless of
o15mZsWmp04-00018-00009002-00009602 race, gender or sex
o15mZsWmp04-00019-00009502-00010102 to which it corresponds. Peace means, for us, to be
o15mZsWmp04-00020-00010003-00010603 reconciled among ourselves.
o1iYMiadt5u-00000-00000017-00000338 Hi there, it's Julie Kinnear of The Julie Kinnear Team with Keller Williams
o1iYMiadt5u-00001-00000338-00000643 Neighbourhood Realty, and I'm here to show you 215 George Street.
o1iYMiadt5u-00002-00000643-00000963 We are in the heart of Downtown and you would never know it. This is
o1iYMiadt5u-00003-00000963-00001701 a fabulous Edwardian style townhouse, row house, that's been converted into four
o1iYMiadt5u-00004-00001701-00001964 dramatic levels and it's absolutely gorgeous.
o1iYMiadt5u-00005-00001964-00002561 It's a one-way street, super quiet, I love how these six little boutique townhouses
o1iYMiadt5u-00006-00002561-00002993 have actually, you know, shared this sort of area here. It's freehold which is a
o1iYMiadt5u-00007-00002993-00003473 major bonus, so no maintenance fees, nothing like that. This is an interlocking
o1iYMiadt5u-00008-00003473-00003807 brick, they've done a great job. There's lots of privacy, it goes right from the
o1iYMiadt5u-00009-00003807-00004214 road, that pergola is amazing, those are million dollar condos right across the
o1iYMiadt5u-00010-00004214-00004457 street, townhouses... and that's sort of a
o1iYMiadt5u-00011-00004457-00004982 convenient little garbage holder. So as you walk in you
o1iYMiadt5u-00012-00004982-00005414 can see it's 3 bedrooms, 3 baths, and there is a theme and it's all about
o1iYMiadt5u-00013-00005414-00005803 natural light, so it's great to have. This is a nice welcoming foyer a there's a double
o1iYMiadt5u-00014-00005803-00006353 storage or double closet here. And I'll just show you all the way
o1iYMiadt5u-00015-00006353-00006797 through, so you can see that's the main level there and you sort of hop skip
o1iYMiadt5u-00016-00006797-00007278 and jump down here and you've got this huge living area and family room and all
o1iYMiadt5u-00017-00007278-00007856 that kind of stuff. So I love the exposed brick, it's great for, you know, displaying
o1iYMiadt5u-00018-00007856-00008283 your art and it's got a really nice feel. So this is a super bonus,
o1iYMiadt5u-00019-00008283-00008820 there's a wet bar down on this level with a full dishwasher, love it. Tons of
o1iYMiadt5u-00020-00008820-00009332 storage, it's another theme through the house, there's plenty of storage and, you
o1iYMiadt5u-00021-00009332-00009702 know, serving areas, if you like to party this is a great house to throw a party
o1iYMiadt5u-00022-00009702-00010281 in, you know, if you've got a big family it's kind of great that way too, and it's
o1iYMiadt5u-00023-00010281-00010664 just got a lot of elbow room, so again, more storage. So let me just tell you a
o1iYMiadt5u-00024-00010664-00011075 little bit about the neighbourhood, you know obviously, there's plenty of condos
o1iYMiadt5u-00025-00011075-00011499 surrounding but you can barely tell, but what the benefit of that is there's lots
o1iYMiadt5u-00026-00011499-00012071 of neighbours and people, so lots of amenities, great shopping and
o1iYMiadt5u-00027-00012071-00012425 supermarkets, and the merchandise building is very close and all that kind
o1iYMiadt5u-00028-00012425-00012714 of stuff. But of course you've got the St. Lawrence Market which is just a few
o1iYMiadt5u-00029-00012714-00012966 blocks away, you've got George Brown College just a
o1iYMiadt5u-00030-00012966-00013369 few blocks away, you've got the Ryerson just a couple blocks away,
o1iYMiadt5u-00031-00013369-00013918 you know, great if you are prof,  or you've got family or kids or whatever
o1iYMiadt5u-00032-00013918-00014212 and they want to go there. Anyway, I'm showing you all this light, so this is
o1iYMiadt5u-00033-00014212-00014683 a 23 foot wall of windows, you can imagine this conversion of this house is
o1iYMiadt5u-00034-00014683-00015046 quite extraordinary. So that's the dining room there,
o1iYMiadt5u-00035-00015052-00015628 and it's all open. How great is this family room with a wood burning fireplace, walks
o1iYMiadt5u-00036-00015628-00016084 out to this very private terrace. It's just a very unique space, it's a
o1iYMiadt5u-00037-00016084-00016423 really incredible opportunity, it just doesn't come around Downtown very often.
o1iYMiadt5u-00038-00016423-00017089 And you know, obviously, great transit, you know, this is called the Garden District
o1iYMiadt5u-00039-00017089-00017545 so that's like a little oasis of garden in the middle of the city, the trees
o1iYMiadt5u-00040-00017545-00017968 surrounding it, there's huge maple trees and shade trees and all that kind of
o1iYMiadt5u-00041-00017968-00018514 stuff, there's great perennials back here, 30 year old hostas, you know, you can dine
o1iYMiadt5u-00042-00018514-00018889 alfresco with your friends, have your barbecue or what have you, it all works
o1iYMiadt5u-00043-00018889-00019378 well. Anyway, be sure to check out our other video that I've done, one of the main
o1iYMiadt5u-00044-00019378-00019962 level and the upper levels. And it's a rare opportunity, check it out!
o1H0YxivNEU-00000-00000761-00001383 okay so I think we're gonna put this video after the charcoal mask video that
o1H0YxivNEU-00001-00001383-00002210 we're about to shoot in a few minutes but so, I think, I have Honor here holding
o1H0YxivNEU-00002-00002210-00002651 the camera for me who- you've known for what two years? I've never seen you without a beard
o1H0YxivNEU-00003-00002651-00003354 never seen me clean-shaven I think I've had a full beard for about four years so when I do the
o1H0YxivNEU-00004-00003354-00003738 charcoal mask I'm definitely  not gonna have a beard on when I do it so I'm gonna shave it off for the first
o1H0YxivNEU-00005-00003738-00004707 time in absolutely forever sorry the good thing you let me know otherwise I might
o1H0YxivNEU-00006-00004707-00005157 hit you with a baseball bat when you walk in the house yeah so first I'll clip it down and then actually
o1H0YxivNEU-00007-00005157-00005969 shave it oh my god
o1H0YxivNEU-00008-00011283-00012214 yeah I mean it's not a long to grow back though my face goes I know I'm angry
o1H0YxivNEU-00009-00012214-00013122 about this change yeah all right here you go just have
o1H0YxivNEU-00010-00013122-00013440 like half a mustache
o1H0YxivNEU-00011-00014057-00014946 thank you pulling in the beer we took so long there no I would you wouldn't shave
o1H0YxivNEU-00012-00014946-00015441 it off like sections so you would have had tied there must know what is yeah I
o1H0YxivNEU-00013-00015441-00016034 can't want to do that half big note the half thing to look for
o1H0YxivNEU-00014-00016761-00017421 using a weird creepy vampire man like dr. cbss are like Oh dizzy like
o1H0YxivNEU-00015-00017421-00017765 anesthesia right
o1H0YxivNEU-00016-00022094-00023355 all right this is a weird this is like five o'clock shadow day I'm gonna take
o1H0YxivNEU-00017-00023355-00024297 some time it won't it won't have to keep you're an intruder that's those so weird
o1H0YxivNEU-00018-00024297-00024839 just now like touching my bare face not even beer yet
o1H0YxivNEU-00019-00025302-00025788 offer a masters showing the first year
o1H0YxivNEU-00020-00025829-00026863 yeah whoa yeah well okay yeah so I think this is gonna call you at the same so
o1H0YxivNEU-00021-00026863-00027607 this is going to trash can yes there we go press all right so
o1H0YxivNEU-00022-00027607-00028491 because I haven't had a need to shave in four years I don't have shaving money so
o1H0YxivNEU-00023-00028491-00029266 instead I was keep using my conditioner that's to work fine yeah it's a bubble
o1H0YxivNEU-00025-00034636-00035109 pepper hair like mine you know it's gonna be such a baby
o1H0YxivNEU-00026-00035837-00036427 legally to say that I think you just
o1H0YxivNEU-00027-00037174-00038471 undo button oh okay I'm hearing that Poorna Dara
o1H0YxivNEU-00028-00038471-00039008 I guess let's go go if they want something from the internet
o1H0YxivNEU-00029-00039008-00039308 yep
o1H0YxivNEU-00030-00039929-00040379 it's all wily this is literally something I haven't done in four years
o1H0YxivNEU-00031-00040379-00041864 and it feels so unless you like you earners often curly mustaches well that
o1H0YxivNEU-00032-00041864-00042552 I gotta ruin that by shaving up
o1H0YxivNEU-00033-00043363-00044477 so yeah you're already know don't be startled me
o1H0YxivNEU-00034-00044477-00044938 when Justin and Jasmine check show up
o1H0YxivNEU-00035-00044953-00045614 he knew this is coming it did like I'm not sure I don't know Justin's ever seen
o1H0YxivNEU-00036-00045614-00046408 me without without a beard we maybe then we should get Justin escape his bemused
o1H0YxivNEU-00037-00046408-00047150 high if he had his kid oh he's had vision or some sort of premium charge
o1H0YxivNEU-00038-00047150-00048506 thousand dollars well time alright it is weird you know I saw you without a beard
o1H0YxivNEU-00039-00048506-00049088 in a picture one me but that picture was also a picture of you right after you
o1H0YxivNEU-00040-00049088-00049459 had your wisdom teeth out
o1H0YxivNEU-00041-00050016-00051166 you're talking about what we did today Oh puppies the cosmos Humane Society all
o1H0YxivNEU-00042-00051166-00052255 right my face and then super red this room hasn't been this smooth and very
o1H0YxivNEU-00043-00052255-00052512 long time
o1H0YxivNEU-00044-00052825-00053179 you know what you look you don't look like a creepy vampire anymore you just a
o1H0YxivNEU-00045-00053179-00053650 powder again douchey vampire yeah that's that's what I was going for but we
o1H0YxivNEU-00046-00053650-00054160 should draw on like a bit of a pencil friend like that I think you could draw
o1H0YxivNEU-00047-00054160-00054708 one on all right wait you I like well above your ears
o1H0YxivNEU-00048-00054708-00055292 yeah well above your ears all right so
o1H0YxivNEU-00049-00055304-00056138 tell me a little bit not even my towel um
o1H0YxivNEU-00050-00056138-00056866 so that is what I look like with no beard very smooth and fairly right here
o1H0YxivNEU-00051-00056866-00057237 which is never smooth I don't know why but I'm not gonna mess that part so time
o1H0YxivNEU-00052-00057237-00057823 but that's it so that's the behind-the-scenes of me being clean
o1H0YxivNEU-00053-00057823-00058232 shaven and hopefully by next week
o1a3GbD4I4o-00000-00000006-00000342 Welcome to a brand new format on The Honest Channel.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00001-00000342-00000911 I'm Clare Johnston, a journalist with a keen interest in all things anti-aging and today I'm
o1a3GbD4I4o-00002-00000911-00001398 taking my quest for knowledge a step further by putting the minds of two experts together
o1a3GbD4I4o-00003-00001398-00001962 to explore some of the conflicting evidence around tretinoin and what it means for our skin.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00004-00001962-00002436 Regular viewers of this channel will be familiar with both the specialists joining
o1a3GbD4I4o-00005-00002436-00003126 me in the first of a series of dermal debates Dr Qian Xu is a medical doctor and she also has
o1a3GbD4I4o-00006-00003126-00003665 her own aesthetics practice where she uses her three-step program with clients focused
o1a3GbD4I4o-00007-00003665-00004332 around prevention, rejuvenation and enhancement. Ivan Galanin is a scientist and founder of Adipeau
o1a3GbD4I4o-00008-00004332-00004974 skincare specializing in rejuvenation through the renewal of facial fat. Over his years of research
o1a3GbD4I4o-00009-00004974-00005568 into facial fat fitness he's studied the evidence around a variety of ingredients and treatments
o1a3GbD4I4o-00010-00005568-00006234 that may either support or diminish our attempts to recover volume in our skin and he's got a very
o1a3GbD4I4o-00011-00006234-00006762 interesting take on tretinoin. So I will link to the websites of both these specialists if you
o1a3GbD4I4o-00012-00006762-00007284 want to find out more about them in the video description. I've certainly learned so much
o1a3GbD4I4o-00013-00007284-00007842 from each of them this year and there is a lot of ground to cover in these dermal debates so let's
o1a3GbD4I4o-00014-00007842-00008542 get straight into the first one now as we ask does tretinoin strengthen or thin our skin? [Music]
o1a3GbD4I4o-00015-00008772-00009516 Welcome Ivan and Dr Qian and thank you both for agreeing to join my first little dermal
o1a3GbD4I4o-00016-00009516-00009948 debate which I'm very excited about and very excited to have you two as my first guests.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00017-00009948-00010572 So I mean you're both known to regular viewers on this channel and we've really enjoyed hearing
o1a3GbD4I4o-00018-00010572-00011070 from you and learning from you both in the past so it's going to be fascinating to hear
o1a3GbD4I4o-00019-00011070-00011694 your different perspectives on tretinoin. Dr Qian if I could come to you first because
o1a3GbD4I4o-00020-00011694-00012222 we've spoken previously about tretinoin and I know that you yourself have used it in the
o1a3GbD4I4o-00021-00012222-00012960 past. I use it daily and it is hailed as the most evidenced anti-aging treatment
o1a3GbD4I4o-00022-00012960-00013626 on the planet - unlike a lot of anti-aging treatments you know this one has been used
o1a3GbD4I4o-00023-00013626-00014268 in dermatology for decades and it's the most investigated so do you think that tretinoin
o1a3GbD4I4o-00024-00014268-00014886 has rightfully earned its place as the gold standard of anti-aging skincare?
o1a3GbD4I4o-00025-00014946-00015294 Well I think in terms of ingredients found in skincare,
o1a3GbD4I4o-00026-00015378-00015990 so tretinoin basically is vitamin A and we all know the benefits of vitamin A on cell renewal
o1a3GbD4I4o-00027-00016074-00016890 in skin regeneration therefore anti-aging effects so you know putting more vitamin A into the skin
o1a3GbD4I4o-00028-00016890-00017466 is always going to benefit the skin but the question always is how much and how frequently?
o1a3GbD4I4o-00029-00017466-00018078 So you know a short answer to that is, yes, tretinoin has certainly given a lot of people
o1a3GbD4I4o-00030-00018078-00018564 anti-aging benefits and not only in anti-aging but also in treating severe acne as well.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00031-00018714-00019188 There's definitely a lot of evidence for it and I'm sure some evidence also
o1a3GbD4I4o-00032-00019260-00020166 that's a bit more negative as well, but all in all you know the clinical benefits of tretinoin is you
o1a3GbD4I4o-00033-00020166-00020742 know you can't really argue against it so many people have benefited from it and I have used it
o1a3GbD4I4o-00034-00020742-00021228 a lot in my practice to treat certain things. I don't use it for everything and I don't
o1a3GbD4I4o-00035-00021228-00021822 necessarily think for anti-aging that everyone should be using tretinoin but definitely
o1a3GbD4I4o-00036-00021822-00022428 for certain indications it is very useful. Okay, and I mean negatives that you mentioned
o1a3GbD4I4o-00037-00022428-00023226 there irritation is an obvious known one but beyond that are you aware of any negatives?
o1a3GbD4I4o-00038-00023292-00024006 That is the the main one I mean using it topically limits the amount of side effects that you get so
o1a3GbD4I4o-00039-00024078-00024576 in treating things like acne you know some people who take vitamin A orally can have
o1a3GbD4I4o-00040-00024576-00025020 a lot of systemic side effects that you don't get from just using it topically but just the
o1a3GbD4I4o-00041-00025020-00025848 irritation can be so severe that you know it causes a rash and it causes a lot of discomfort
o1a3GbD4I4o-00042-00025848-00026327 and even pain and possibly infection on top of that when it's quite severe so
o1a3GbD4I4o-00043-00026460-00027030 it's not something that everyone can tolerate. But for people who are,
o1a3GbD4I4o-00044-00027030-00027654 have found the right amount that works for them and they're getting good results from it then
o1a3GbD4I4o-00045-00027654-00028206 certainly they can benefit a lot from it. Ivan you've produced a paper in which
o1a3GbD4I4o-00046-00028277-00028877 you cite a number of clinical studies which you argue suggests that tretinoin not only
o1a3GbD4I4o-00047-00028877-00029676 doesn't improve the structure of our skin but may even damage it so why and what's the evidence?
o1a3GbD4I4o-00048-00029730-00030389 Yeah so the evidence is actually really quite clear but before I go to that I want to read
o1a3GbD4I4o-00049-00030389-00031236 what's in the label the FDA label on Retin-A.. Tretinoin cream does not eliminate wrinkles,
o1a3GbD4I4o-00050-00031236-00031950 repair sun damaged skin, reverse photo aging or restore more youthful or younger skin..
o1a3GbD4I4o-00051-00031950-00032544 So this is the FDA's conclusion on the clinical results that were submitted to the FDA
o1a3GbD4I4o-00052-00032616-00033282 so that just puts things in perspective. Now Retin-A does definitely work well..
o1a3GbD4I4o-00053-00033282-00033690 Well how if you've just said that it doesn't achieve any of these things?
o1a3GbD4I4o-00054-00033690-00034194 Well it has a small but significant effect on fine lines
o1a3GbD4I4o-00055-00034254-00035190 so uh that was proven way beyond any reasonable doubt so on a 10-point scale on top of sun
o1a3GbD4I4o-00056-00035190-00035862 protection, moisturizing Retin-A improved the appearance of fine wrinkles by half a point
o1a3GbD4I4o-00057-00036144-00036834 but there's a cost. I mean there's definitely a benefit from being the most studied anti-aging
o1a3GbD4I4o-00058-00036834-00037458 drug but there's also a cost and that cost is that all of your dirty laundry is there
o1a3GbD4I4o-00059-00037458-00038046 to be viewed and seen and in black and white and really there are two papers
o1a3GbD4I4o-00060-00038148-00038598 um from the from the investigators who actually helped get retin A approved.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00061-00038658-00039510 One looked at histology at one year and another paper looked at the histology at one year and then
o1a3GbD4I4o-00062-00039510-00040230 four years and I'll provide links to the papers and it's, you know, they stated quite plainly that
o1a3GbD4I4o-00063-00040302-00041208 amongst other things the upper dermis is thinned out by the long-term retin A use by anywhere from
o1a3GbD4I4o-00064-00041208-00042588 15 to 60 percent at one year and 70 and greater at four years and this is not opinion this is
o1a3GbD4I4o-00065-00042894-00043542 evidence that's been compiled by the greatest uh proponents of retin A and there's actually I'm
o1a3GbD4I4o-00066-00043542-00044286 not aware of any evidence that contradicts this. So usually in science you know it's not completely
o1a3GbD4I4o-00067-00044286-00044784 black and white you've got you know some evidence that says one thing and then some evidence that
o1a3GbD4I4o-00068-00044784-00045360 says another thing and then your job as a reader of science is to balance the one with the other.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00069-00045360-00046278 In this particular case all the evidence points to the fact that Retin-A does some significant
o1a3GbD4I4o-00070-00046392-00046854 alteration to the upper at least the upper dermis of the skin.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00071-00046854-00047592 So you say all the evidence points to that but Dr Qian I mean it does seem to fly in the face
o1a3GbD4I4o-00072-00047658-00048036 of what has become the accepted view of tretinoin because even if you just Google
o1a3GbD4I4o-00073-00048036-00048732 'tretinoin and and skin thinning' you will find dermatologist after dermatologist lining up to
o1a3GbD4I4o-00074-00048732-00049434 say that that's nonsense and actually thickens our epidermis so we'll get into upper dermis
o1a3GbD4I4o-00075-00049434-00049920 and Ivan can explain that in a minute but I mean looking at Ivan's paper what's your
o1a3GbD4I4o-00076-00049920-00050460 view on what he's just said and whether it could thin or weaken our skin's barrier?
o1a3GbD4I4o-00077-00050550-00050988 Yeah I think it's it's really interesting actually and with this kind of scientific
o1a3GbD4I4o-00078-00050988-00051588 evidence obviously the studies are done to study a particular thing under a particular condition
o1a3GbD4I4o-00079-00051588-00052260 and I imagine they're random controlled trials, ideally they should be random controlled trials,
o1a3GbD4I4o-00080-00052332-00053112 and really my question is in the subjects that they studied how much tretinoin were they using,
o1a3GbD4I4o-00081-00053112-00053820 what concentration, what frequency because in clinical practice in natural everyday practice
o1a3GbD4I4o-00082-00053820-00054426 the amount of tretinoin the concentration that I recommend the clients to use and the
o1a3GbD4I4o-00083-00054426-00055398 frequency really depends on their reactions and how their skin responds to the tretinoin. I mean
o1a3GbD4I4o-00084-00055398-00056214 tretinoin definitely can thin the skin and it does that by speeding up the cell renewal and
o1a3GbD4I4o-00085-00056214-00057005 it's encouraging the dead skin cells to shed off so in someone who uses tretinoin perhaps too much,
o1a3GbD4I4o-00086-00057102-00057654 their skin definitely will thin out and they will get the undesirable effects so it really
o1a3GbD4I4o-00087-00057654-00058326 is but as with many drugs medications even oxygen if you have too much oxygen it's toxic
o1a3GbD4I4o-00088-00058326-00058872 so it's about finding the right level, right concentration and right frequency to use for
o1a3GbD4I4o-00089-00058872-00059334 a particular individual that's going to give them the benefit without the side effects and I think
o1a3GbD4I4o-00090-00059334-00060012 tretinoin is probably one of those things that it kind of has a potential to be damaging but
o1a3GbD4I4o-00091-00060012-00060690 with a small concentration and if used properly it can definitely give people some benefits.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00092-00060750-00061572 Yeah so these these studies come from an extension of the clinical trial program
o1a3GbD4I4o-00093-00061572-00062640 used to approve retin A so this was the 0.05 and 0.1 percent concentration daily
o1a3GbD4I4o-00094-00062760-00063102 and I have to go back and look at the other paper
o1a3GbD4I4o-00095-00063240-00063905 but this was you know this was the clinically approved concentration in a you know super
o1a3GbD4I4o-00096-00063905-00064710 scrupulous clinical study this was not a beauty study this was really from the groups that
o1a3GbD4I4o-00097-00064776-00065982 followed the subjects and got the same data set that got the drug approved um so it's it's um yeah
o1a3GbD4I4o-00098-00065982-00066882 and it's uh.. what's really interesting is you see clearly a dose response so the lower concentration
o1a3GbD4I4o-00099-00066882-00067542 has less effect than the higher concentration. Less of what kind of effect? Of a thinning effect?
o1a3GbD4I4o-00100-00067710-00068040 Less of a thinning effect than the than the higher concentration.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00101-00068040-00068664 You mentioned about these clinical trials, is that also I wonder in the
o1a3GbD4I4o-00102-00068664-00069102 trials were they using the tretinoin at that concentration to treat a medical condition or
o1a3GbD4I4o-00103-00069102-00069582 was it were they using it to treat wrinkles? No this was all wrinkles this was from the
o1a3GbD4I4o-00104-00069582-00070176 wrinkle studies you know it was all photo damaged facial skin so it's you know it's all people who
o1a3GbD4I4o-00105-00070176-00070974 have no other medical conditions they've been selected simply because they have wrinkles.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00106-00071046-00071496 And did at the end of the trial did they see visible improvements in their skin?
o1a3GbD4I4o-00107-00071592-00072372 They did yeah absolutely yeah so and this was also dose dependent so there were you know as
o1a3GbD4I4o-00108-00072372-00073044 I said you know there's no doubt that Retin-A does work it does improve the appearance of
o1a3GbD4I4o-00109-00073044-00074220 fine lines that's incontrovertible and so it's the.. and my point is not to scare people retin
o1a3GbD4I4o-00110-00074304-00074958 A, I'm actually completely in wholehearted agreement with Dr Qian who says it's all
o1a3GbD4I4o-00111-00074958-00075696 about how you use the product and what is your you know what is your goal you know. Do you
o1a3GbD4I4o-00112-00075696-00076488 have acne and you're using it to treat your acne and then the acne it resolves and then you take
o1a3GbD4I4o-00113-00076488-00077040 a break. Do you have a melasma condition that you're treating and you treat that condition.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00114-00077184-00077898 All those uses I think actually make a lot of sense but if you're 25 years old and you've
o1a3GbD4I4o-00115-00077898-00078540 heard that retin A is the gold standard and that you should like use preventative Retin-A well
o1a3GbD4I4o-00116-00078540-00079386 you know for the next 40 years then I'm thinking you know it's important that we have some voice
o1a3GbD4I4o-00117-00079386-00080034 of reason and some critical mind in which you go into any treatment and nothing, as Dr Qian said,
o1a3GbD4I4o-00118-00080034-00080982 nothing is.. you know there's always like a cost to every benefit and so that's really what my
o1a3GbD4I4o-00119-00080982-00081870 point is that we need to keep this in mind. But you know there are so many I think unexplored
o1a3GbD4I4o-00120-00081942-00083034 of factors or thoughts about vitamin A. For example if you ask a dermatologist well why
o1a3GbD4I4o-00121-00083034-00083634 should someone use a retin A they will no doubt tell you well it builds collagen.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00122-00083712-00084666 Well now I would say we have no evidence of that in fact we there's no clear mechanism by which
o1a3GbD4I4o-00123-00084666-00085416 Retin-A would build collagen directly so in fact if you take the cells that make collagen, the
o1a3GbD4I4o-00124-00085416-00085998 fibroblasts, and you expose them to Retin-A they will completely shut down they won't make anything
o1a3GbD4I4o-00125-00086064-00086988 and so there may be some indirect way by which, by treating the epidermis that your skin derives
o1a3GbD4I4o-00126-00086988-00087822 an otherwise benefit but that case has not been made clearly and so I think that you know despite
o1a3GbD4I4o-00127-00087822-00088374 all the evidence I think we have to look at the good and the bad and make decisions for ourselves.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00128-00088566-00088932 Does this make sense for me and not go into it uncritical.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00129-00089004-00089574 Yeah and I would agree with you that somebody starting in their 20s for cosmetic, you know
o1a3GbD4I4o-00130-00089574-00090060 age prevention reasons, you're just better to use sunscreen and forget about that. I mean I didn't
o1a3GbD4I4o-00131-00090060-00090618 start using it until this year and I'm nearly 50 as I keep telling everybody, but when you do
o1a3GbD4I4o-00132-00090618-00091356 start using it I mean for me it was sort of head and shoulders above anything else I'd tried for
o1a3GbD4I4o-00133-00091428-00092184 skin resurfacing, skin smoothing. But not only that, you know you can see that it clears your
o1a3GbD4I4o-00134-00092184-00092664 fine lines - or it doesn't clear them but it improves them, it improves the fine lines not the
o1a3GbD4I4o-00135-00092664-00093306 deep lines unfortunately, but also as we age and our skin weakens that's when you start to get into
o1a3GbD4I4o-00136-00093306-00093828 the things like enlarged pores which I started noticing in the last year. You know your skin's
o1a3GbD4I4o-00137-00093828-00094266 not strong enough to hold them together so you start getting these enlarged pores and it deals
o1a3GbD4I4o-00138-00094266-00095004 with that within a few months that's all cleared up so it feels like a strengthening of the skin to
o1a3GbD4I4o-00139-00095004-00095778 the user. I can't say that it gave me any volume but I think that almost the case for tretinoin
o1a3GbD4I4o-00140-00095778-00096306 isn't it that you've got these millions of users around the world, some who've been
o1a3GbD4I4o-00141-00096306-00096858 using it for decades, and they swear by it. Yeah and I would completely I would say that
o1a3GbD4I4o-00142-00096858-00097500 experience is completely validated. I don't you know you can't invalidate that experience
o1a3GbD4I4o-00143-00097500-00098202 that is absolutely true the the question is if you do if we do believe it's right which
o1a3GbD4I4o-00144-00098202-00099132 the data suggests that long-term use will undermine at least a component of the skin,
o1a3GbD4I4o-00145-00099216-00100044 then are there ways that we can use Retin-A smarter right? Can we you know use it for a
o1a3GbD4I4o-00146-00100044-00101082 period of time to get that effect on the pores and then go off of it and see how long it takes for
o1a3GbD4I4o-00147-00101082-00101796 the pores to to become enlarged again? I think I think it's you know that hasn't been explored and
o1a3GbD4I4o-00148-00101796-00102366 I think that you know when we look at all of the data together we'll say look this is not without
o1a3GbD4I4o-00149-00102366-00102852 consequences without negative consequences and let's think about the best way to use it.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00150-00102852-00103404 Dr Qian that chimes with something you've said to me before actually. You recommend
o1a3GbD4I4o-00151-00103404-00103902 that you use tretinoin for a certain period of time and then you move on to another
o1a3GbD4I4o-00152-00103902-00104688 retinoid, a less potent retinal or a retinol of a higher strength I mean what's your take?
o1a3GbD4I4o-00153-00104861-00105708 Actually Ivan, I agree with that I do think we need to use tretinoin smart more smartly, in a
o1a3GbD4I4o-00154-00105708-00106572 smarter way. You know it is very irritating and stimulating for the skin and even with a lot of
o1a3GbD4I4o-00155-00106572-00107130 the skin treatments that I do the point of doing those things is to stimulate the skin to make it..
o1a3GbD4I4o-00156-00107183-00107742 to get the skin to do something different to become more active but the thing is there's
o1a3GbD4I4o-00157-00107742-00108222 no point constantly stimulating the skin and not giving the skin chance to heal and recover because
o1a3GbD4I4o-00158-00108222-00108683 actually a lot of the benefit, the anti-aging benefit that you see, comes from the recovery
o1a3GbD4I4o-00159-00108683-00109614 phase so I personally feel like it's a good idea to use these really stimulating treatments in
o1a3GbD4I4o-00160-00109614-00110058 short bursts so you have a course of treatment and then you go into maintenance mode and what
o1a3GbD4I4o-00161-00110058-00110658 I tend to recommend people do is if they choose to go on the tretinoin for the initial treatment
o1a3GbD4I4o-00162-00110658-00111294 period which I would recommend about three months or so then go on to Retinol for their maintenance
o1a3GbD4I4o-00163-00111294-00112098 which is a milder form of, like a precursor to vitamin A, it's less irritating it's just a lot
o1a3GbD4I4o-00164-00112098-00112674 milder and it's safer to use longer term and people don't get irritation then you give the
o1a3GbD4I4o-00165-00112674-00113340 skin the chance to heal and recover without constantly stimulating it to to thin down
o1a3GbD4I4o-00166-00113459-00113988 and that way I find people get the best results and they don't constantly get
o1a3GbD4I4o-00167-00113988-00114540 the dryness and pealing of the skin. You know the downtime from tretinoin is really
o1a3GbD4I4o-00168-00114540-00115392 quite difficult to handle for a lot of people. As a user I would say I'm on the 0.05 strength
o1a3GbD4I4o-00169-00115392-00115902 and I wouldn't go up to 0.1 because I always feel that my skin is just on the edge so if
o1a3GbD4I4o-00170-00115902-00116459 I change moisturizer or it's suddenly colder all of a sudden I've got that dry skin again
o1a3GbD4I4o-00171-00116622-00117732 so it's interesting and listening to you both I am tempted to come off it for a while. I've got
o1a3GbD4I4o-00172-00117804-00118278 a retinaldehyde that I've used in the past that I find very effective so you know I might give it
o1a3GbD4I4o-00173-00118278-00118722 a go for a couple of months and see it you know.. but if these pores come back Ivan I'm blaming you.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00174-00118908-00119502 I'll be here to take the blame. But it's I think it's important to you know to I mean I
o1a3GbD4I4o-00175-00119502-00120150 just saw this also we can have a discussion about red light on another occasion but you
o1a3GbD4I4o-00176-00120150-00120761 know the clinical program that was studied for red light treated people for a month
o1a3GbD4I4o-00177-00120828-00121656 and then they saw the benefits continue for three months post treatment and yet
o1a3GbD4I4o-00178-00121709-00122370 no one talks about that. That's how you should use red light effectively and so maybe Dr Qian's
o1a3GbD4I4o-00179-00122370-00123174 protocol is really something that should be more well known that you know you use Retin-A for
o1a3GbD4I4o-00180-00123288-00123864 a few months to to provoke the skin but then you give the skin a chance to recover.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00181-00124109-00124859 I think it's important that these alternative approaches are really given you know like a
o1a3GbD4I4o-00182-00124859-00125496 fair hearing and so I was actually I watched in preparation for this video
o1a3GbD4I4o-00183-00125496-00126233 I watched your interview with Dr Qian and I was impressed by the common sense with
o1a3GbD4I4o-00184-00126233-00126792 which she approached the retin A and I thought okay we're going to have a good discussion.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00185-00126792-00127440 I think quite often with these things you know that it's not black and white it's a huge gray
o1a3GbD4I4o-00186-00127440-00127890 area and every single individual is different. Skin quality is different and the needs and
o1a3GbD4I4o-00187-00127890-00128472 goals are different and I when I explain to my clients about using these sort of treatments I
o1a3GbD4I4o-00188-00128472-00129174 often compare it to going to the gym to you know to to do strength training for example you can't
o1a3GbD4I4o-00189-00129174-00129804 keep on pushing your body and expect it to keep on getting stronger you have to give your body
o1a3GbD4I4o-00190-00129804-00130266 to rest you would train hard for a while give your body a rest and then you train hard again
o1a3GbD4I4o-00191-00130422-00130848 and that's how you get the results and obviously you have to give your body the nutrition as well
o1a3GbD4I4o-00192-00130932-00131502 um so the nutrition is kind of like the vitamins where there's vitamin A or vitamin C you know all
o1a3GbD4I4o-00193-00131502-00132096 the good stuff that you put into the body some of that will go into the skin so you need to
o1a3GbD4I4o-00194-00132096-00132912 have good nutrition and then using tretinoin as the stimulating agent and or even any skin
o1a3GbD4I4o-00195-00132912-00133302 treatments on the skin is like the stimulation that you keep on pushing the skin to do more,
o1a3GbD4I4o-00196-00133302-00133818 be more active, you know produce new new skin cells but you can only do that for so
o1a3GbD4I4o-00197-00133818-00134670 long without letting it do what you want it to do. So you know it just it's kind of I feel like it's
o1a3GbD4I4o-00198-00134670-00135270 common sense. But quite often with the sort of clinical trials and the medical approach
o1a3GbD4I4o-00199-00135270-00135912 I think sometimes it's easy to forget common sense but it's not a commonly heard approach
o1a3GbD4I4o-00200-00135912-00136398 actually it's mostly just people start on it and they keep going with it are you saying that
o1a3GbD4I4o-00201-00136398-00137028 you would do a three-month burst of tretinoin come off it for a while and then go back on it?
o1a3GbD4I4o-00202-00137028-00137682 It depends on how their skin is they if they feel like they need to they can if not
o1a3GbD4I4o-00203-00137682-00138216 they can just stay on the retinal long term and I most of my clients actually have they
o1a3GbD4I4o-00204-00138216-00138840 based on the retinol long term and they have microneedling once every sort of four, five
o1a3GbD4I4o-00205-00138840-00139308 months because microneedling actually stimulates collagen, that is a collagen induction therapy.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00206-00139308-00139920 That I completely agree with yeah. And also I mean it's clear that
o1a3GbD4I4o-00207-00139920-00140616 retinols are far less inflammatory than retin A, I mean that that also we know.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00208-00140616-00141444 Ivan have you got any.. have you seen any evidence I mean your own kind of specialist area now is in
o1a3GbD4I4o-00209-00141504-00142134 volume restoration through fat renewal. Are you concerned that
o1a3GbD4I4o-00210-00142134-00142968 tretinoin can interfere with um fat renewal? Yeah you know I'm really glad you you asked
o1a3GbD4I4o-00211-00142968-00143742 that question because we're getting you know we get asked that a lot and so again the the data
o1a3GbD4I4o-00212-00143742-00144876 is mostly pointed in one direction that in both in vivo in animal setting and in vitro in a cell
o1a3GbD4I4o-00213-00144876-00145770 setting if you expose pre adipocytes to Retin-A it will prevent them becoming mature adipocytes.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00214-00145842-00146508 Now there may be a question of dose that if you go to a dose low enough that that
o1a3GbD4I4o-00215-00146508-00147108 doesn't happen but that's that would be the controversial bit so I would say that most of
o1a3GbD4I4o-00216-00147108-00147870 the data suggests that retin a suppresses new fat cell formation at least in vitro. However
o1a3GbD4I4o-00217-00148182-00148806 the way you're supposed to use Retin-A is you're supposed to and retinols you're supposed to get
o1a3GbD4I4o-00218-00148806-00149544 them into the epidermis into the stratum corneum and so if you rub them in right then you prevent
o1a3GbD4I4o-00219-00150898-00151456 Retin-A can then use to get deeper than it's intended because remember Dr Qian says it's
o1a3GbD4I4o-00220-00151456-00152086 really intended to act on the upper layer of the skin and to stimulate the production
o1a3GbD4I4o-00221-00152086-00152662 of new keratinocytes so you don't actually want it to go deeper so if you're if you're
o1a3GbD4I4o-00222-00152662-00153334 using a Retin-A regimen uh you shouldn't I don't think use a hyaluronic acid. Good to know. Well
o1a3GbD4I4o-00223-00153334-00153922 I actually think where we've got here.. we've actually come to an agreement funnily enough.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00224-00154126-00154522 No doubt. Yeah I know I am tempted to try that..
o1a3GbD4I4o-00225-00154618-00155182 even just as an experiment come off it. I'll give myself to the new year and then for as my
o1a3GbD4I4o-00226-00155182-00155608 New Year's resolution I'll come off tretinoin for three months and and see what happens.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00227-00155608-00156316 I think it's really it's been really interesting to hear about the actual scientific evidence to
o1a3GbD4I4o-00228-00156316-00156694 look at the evidence and then look at the clinical effects and trying to marry up the
o1a3GbD4I4o-00229-00156694-00157468 two and to work out you know what is the best way of using this ingredient this anti-aging
o1a3GbD4I4o-00230-00157468-00158062 ingredient I think that's been really interesting. Yeah well listen I loved talking to you two so I
o1a3GbD4I4o-00231-00158062-00158566 hope I haven't put you off do you think you would come back and do a little another chat with me?
o1a3GbD4I4o-00232-00158566-00159040 Absolutely. Excellent and should we look at red light next?
o1a3GbD4I4o-00233-00159040-00159274 Yeah Dr Qian? Okay.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00234-00159274-00159640 Well let's do it thank you both so much. Thank you Clare.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00235-00159640-00160168 So I hope you enjoyed the first in this series of dermal debates Ivan and Dr Qian will be back
o1a3GbD4I4o-00236-00160168-00160618 with me in a few weeks time to discuss red light therapy so if you have any questions
o1a3GbD4I4o-00237-00160618-00161146 around that let me know in the comments but I'd also love to hear of what you made of today's
o1a3GbD4I4o-00238-00161146-00161692 discussion. Did you find it helpful what would you like to see us debate in future and what
o1a3GbD4I4o-00239-00161692-00162268 are your thoughts on tretinoin and Dr Qian's protocol of intensive skincare sprints followed
o1a3GbD4I4o-00240-00162268-00162826 by periods of rest for our skin? Personally that resonated with me and I'm gonna give it a try.
o1a3GbD4I4o-00241-00162826-00163312 I will be back next week with a video on the inexpensive exercise
o1a3GbD4I4o-00242-00163312-00163882 machine that has transformed my mum's fitness aged 80 and it takes her just
o1a3GbD4I4o-00243-00163882-00164402 a few minutes every day. For now thanks for watching and I'll see you next time [Music]
o6TqdJd03UQ-00000-00000567-00001065 Prince Harry took his fiancee Meghan Markle to meet Tiggy Legge-Bourke 
o6TqdJd03UQ-00001-00001182-00001814 She was employed by Prince Charles in 1993 to look after his two young sons
o6TqdJd03UQ-00002-00001930-00002506 Now Mrs Pettifer, Tiggy formed a close bond with both Harry and William
o6TqdJd03UQ-00003-00002623-00003471 Prince Harry has taken his fiancee Meghan Markle to meet the other significant woman in his life, former nanny Tiggy Legge-Bourke.
o6TqdJd03UQ-00004-00003588-00004804 After a day of engagements in Cardiff last week, they reportedly visited Tiggy - now Mrs Pettifer - on her family's sprawling Glanusk Estate, near Crickhowell, South Wales.
o6TqdJd03UQ-00005-00004921-00006365 Employed by Prince Charles in 1993 to look after his two young sons after he separated from Princess Diana, former nursery school teacher Tiggy formed a close bond with Harry and William, even calling them 'my babies'.
o6TqdJd03UQ-00006-00006481-00007534 But her familiarity prompted a jealous reaction from Diana, who was said to have been obsessed with the bizarre idea that Charles wanted her murdered in order to marry the nanny
o6TqdJd03UQ-00007-00007651-00008492 The princess was also said to have spread false allegations that Tiggy had become pregnant and been forced to have an abortion.
o6TqdJd03UQ-00008-00008609-00009921 An investigation was launched by Sir Robert Fellowes, the Queen's private secretary and Diana's brother-in-law, after the princess allegedly approached Tiggy at a party and hissed: 'So sorry to hear about the baby.'
o6TqdJd03UQ-00009-00010038-00011220 Tiggy instructed lawyers to deny the claim, resulting in a letter to Diana demanding she withdraw the 'completely unfounded allegations' and telling her: 'You have got this whole thing dreadfully wrong.'
o6TqdJd03UQ-00010-00011337-00012092 In 1996, William asked his warring parents not to attend a school celebration and invited Tiggy
o6TqdJd03UQ-00011-00012209-00013244 After Diana died in 1997, Harry, then 12, turned to Tiggy as a source of comfort, leading to descriptions of her as a sort of 'surrogate mother'.
o6TqdJd03UQ-00012-00013362-00014366 In 1998 she was accused of letting the princes abseil down a 130ft dam without proper safety equipment, forcing a palace investigation.
o6TqdJd03UQ-00013-00014483-00015600 She retired from Charles's household after she married former Coldstream Guards officer Charles Pettifer in 1999, with whom she has two sons, Fred and Tom.
o6TqdJd03UQ-00014-00015716-00016344 But she has kept in close contact with both young princes and Harry is Fred's godfather.
o6TqdJd03UQ-00015-00016462-00017015 Tiggy and her family are certain to be guests at Harry's wedding on May 19
o6TqdJd03UQ-00016-00017132-00017496 Kensington Palace declined to comment.
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o7zF7IHaq_y-00009-00006288-00006968 you how to set up a free account on Click eCourse for a student or for you as an author if you want
o7zF7IHaq_y-00010-00006968-00007416 to create a course on there or maybe you wanted you're you're a student you just want to see how
o7zF7IHaq_y-00011-00007416-00007959 easy it is to do so if you find somebody who's got a course and they want you to go and access
o7zF7IHaq_y-00012-00007959-00008448 that course I'll show you how that kind of works and how to create the account creating the account
o7zF7IHaq_y-00013-00008448-00008896 is really simple you just click a button and click another button and that's basically it
o7zF7IHaq_y-00014-00008896-00009336 so we're going to show you that in just a second but first if you're listening to the audio of
o7zF7IHaq_y-00015-00009336-00009760 this you're probably going to want to go check out the video because I do share the screen I do show
o7zF7IHaq_y-00016-00009856-00010824 some things you can't really see in audio so go to cis334.jsgagnon.com to go check the blog post
o7zF7IHaq_y-00017-00010824-00011416 and the video all right let's go get right to it and share the screen right here so if you go to
o7zF7IHaq_y-00018-00011416-00012096 Click eCourse or one of its sister sites right now I'm on onlinecourseindex.com but if you go
o7zF7IHaq_y-00019-00012096-00012784 to Click eCourse which is basically this link here Click eCourse link if you go to ClickeCourse.com
o7zF7IHaq_y-00020-00012840-00013776 which is c-l-i-c-k-e-c-o-u-r-s-e dot com if you're listening to the audio that site is going to show
o7zF7IHaq_y-00021-00013776-00014208 uh either an about actually it should show an about page I don't know why it was on the feed
o7zF7IHaq_y-00022-00014208-00014688 but it should show an about page like this as you can see right here it says online course index
o7zF7IHaq_y-00023-00014688-00015304 that's because there's sister sites with different uh and it but it looks the same it looks the same
o7zF7IHaq_y-00024-00015304-00015784 except because you can have different sites you can actually create your own site and have just
o7zF7IHaq_y-00025-00015784-00016184 your courses on that site instead of sharing amongst others if that's really what you want
o7zF7IHaq_y-00026-00016344-00016776 but to create to create an account it's as simple as clicking on the register
o7zF7IHaq_y-00027-00016840-00017480 button right here and then continuing as your Facebook again right so you just do that it
o7zF7IHaq_y-00028-00017480-00017904 activates your account using Facebook then it says registration with Facebook successful click on the
o7zF7IHaq_y-00029-00017904-00018384 reload and that reloads the page and now you're logged in see up here I've got a login now right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00030-00018488-00019152 let's get the link the link out of there so now I'm logged into the site and I can go
o7zF7IHaq_y-00031-00019152-00019560 and navigate things I can look at courses I can go to the courses link right here
o7zF7IHaq_y-00032-00019664-00020320 and go check that out I can uh see uh the different courses that are there I can
o7zF7IHaq_y-00033-00020320-00020632 select them and go look at them like this this one here
o7zF7IHaq_y-00034-00020632-00021264 if I go to this success interviews right here it says add to your library so a student that
o7zF7IHaq_y-00035-00021264-00021744 wants to get to this let's log out first I'm going to log in I want to show you if I log out
o7zF7IHaq_y-00036-00022120-00022808 if I log out and I go to this page right here it'll look like this right it'll say login to
o7zF7IHaq_y-00037-00022808-00023504 ad so I can watch some of these some of these I can watch actually right now no no these are all
o7zF7IHaq_y-00038-00023560-00024016 not accessible unless you log in but there are some courses if I go to courses again
o7zF7IHaq_y-00039-00024016-00024512 there are some courses that are that are public even if you don't have an account say for example
o7zF7IHaq_y-00040-00024768-00025176 oh this one here this syndication or creating your first course for example creating your
o7zF7IHaq_y-00041-00025176-00025783 first course is a course to use on the website if you want to learn how to create your course
o7zF7IHaq_y-00042-00025783-00026168 this kind of goes through all the process of creating a course and these are all free I can
o7zF7IHaq_y-00043-00026168-00026783 watch all these if I want I can go straight to this one lesson number three which is um
o7zF7IHaq_y-00044-00026888-00027383 register how to register it which is what we just did which are what I just showed you but the the
o7zF7IHaq_y-00045-00027383-00028112 thing is that if I let's just let this guy finish over here okay so if I go over here oops turn the
o7zF7IHaq_y-00046-00028112-00028639 sound off so I mean this video here is basically going to kind of show you how to register on the
o7zF7IHaq_y-00047-00028639-00029183 account right but the thing is that if you go back to this if I go back to the course
o7zF7IHaq_y-00048-00029376-00029776 there's no way for me to tell that oh I already saw this I already saw that so that's why you
o7zF7IHaq_y-00049-00029776-00030183 would want to add it to your account now I can't add it to my account if I'm not registered
o7zF7IHaq_y-00050-00030183-00030672 so if I click on login to add it'll tell me log in but I'm not let's say I'm not registered yet
o7zF7IHaq_y-00051-00030768-00031248 I could click on register instead and then I can do what it what we just did which is
o7zF7IHaq_y-00052-00031248-00031744 continue as general service now by the way if you use the continue as with Facebook whether you're
o7zF7IHaq_y-00053-00031744-00032216 registering or logging in it's all fine it's all works so you can use the register account
o7zF7IHaq_y-00054-00032216-00032695 I'm already registered now but I can click on this and it'll just re-register me again
o7zF7IHaq_y-00055-00032792-00033384 and now reload the page and now I have I have these in here right if I play one of these
o7zF7IHaq_y-00056-00033688-00034288 sorry the creating a course one by the way if you don't add the course to your account or if
o7zF7IHaq_y-00057-00034288-00035048 you don't uh create an account and uh just watch these it'll always play these little intros right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00058-00035048-00035512 these little intros that are that are just a 10 second thing that plays in front of every single
o7zF7IHaq_y-00059-00035512-00036160 video it'll play all the time but if you register an account and add the course to your um to your
o7zF7IHaq_y-00060-00036160-00036920 um library then you'll it'll just played the first time and even on pedic if you get a paid
o7zF7IHaq_y-00061-00036920-00037416 account for example you can disable those things but that's basically so if I go back to the course
o7zF7IHaq_y-00062-00037416-00037992 here now you can see it still says that to my library if I if I click on add to your library it
o7zF7IHaq_y-00063-00037992-00038488 adds it to the library to my library now it's in my library congratulations adding a great course
o7zF7IHaq_y-00064-00038488-00039040 to your collection start the course now so when I click on it it goes to the first lesson right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00065-00039272-00039936 and it plays that lesson right now so you'll see that if I scroll ahead here if I go to the end
o7zF7IHaq_y-00066-00039992-00040368 let's let it finish when it gets to the end it goes to the next one
o7zF7IHaq_y-00067-00040368-00040816 automatically right now I'm on lesson number two site introduction if I go back to the course
o7zF7IHaq_y-00068-00040952-00041424 if I go back to the course now you can see that this one is showing as green it's showing as done
o7zF7IHaq_y-00069-00041424-00041976 on a certain date and now the next one is the and if I click on resume course it takes me
o7zF7IHaq_y-00070-00041976-00042480 to the second lesson automatically and it actually if I say I'm in the middle of it
o7zF7IHaq_y-00071-00042600-00042992 say I'm at the one see I'm at the one minute mark right here if I go back to the course
o7zF7IHaq_y-00072-00043176-00043648 let's when you click on this it'll go back to that lesson at the same point
o7zF7IHaq_y-00073-00043648-00044176 you were at even if you go from one device to another it'll remember where you were
o7zF7IHaq_y-00074-00044176-00044784 and it knows what your what lesson you're on I can say mark done in next lesson if I want now
o7zF7IHaq_y-00075-00044784-00045256 I'm on the third one marked on the next I'm on the fourth one if I go back to the course now
o7zF7IHaq_y-00076-00045408-00045824 now I can see these all these other ones are green as well showing that they're played
o7zF7IHaq_y-00077-00045824-00046504 now that's for a student the student going to the site wanting to just access a free course or even
o7zF7IHaq_y-00078-00046504-00047008 buying one right if you once you have an account you can you can buy a course or even if you don't
o7zF7IHaq_y-00079-00047008-00047416 have an account you can actually buy a course but it'll it'll create an account for you based
o7zF7IHaq_y-00080-00047416-00048080 on your paypal account right paypal email that's kind of how it works so that's how you create an
o7zF7IHaq_y-00081-00048080-00048712 account like I said it's as simple as clicking on on the little login let's log out let's move my
o7zF7IHaq_y-00082-00048808-00049184 video out of the way as you can see there's a log out button right there at the bottom
o7zF7IHaq_y-00083-00049280-00049640 and click on the logout it logs you out and then it reloads the page
o7zF7IHaq_y-00084-00049640-00050224 to show the logged out view because it now you're not logged in anymore right it says login to ad
o7zF7IHaq_y-00085-00050304-00050840 but you can still watch free lesson so once you have an account you can also comment see right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00086-00050840-00051264 now it's asking me to log in it doesn't won't let me comment on this code but if I log in
o7zF7IHaq_y-00087-00051591-00052744 and I and I and I reload the page now that I'm logged in I can actually add a comment so testing
o7zF7IHaq_y-00088-00052744-00054088 this out in cis33 what is it four two three four where is it three three four that's right and I'm
o7zF7IHaq_y-00089-00054088-00054608 just gonna put the comment now that's showing up right here and it's showing me this comment in
o7zF7IHaq_y-00090-00054608-00055344 here and if I go back to the courses and I go back to this particular course if I go to where is it
o7zF7IHaq_y-00091-00055624-00056184 well actually I can search for course right search for course right here
o7zF7IHaq_y-00092-00056536-00056808 I guess there's lots of course course creating your first course right here
o7zF7IHaq_y-00093-00057024-00057567 course was not a good a good search term because lots of them are they're all courses right and
o7zF7IHaq_y-00094-00057567-00057960 you can see right now that it's showing me that I've got three three that are and you
o7zF7IHaq_y-00095-00057960-00059024 can see the comment right here right now if I log out again and I reload this now I can see
o7zF7IHaq_y-00096-00059024-00059488 the comment is right here right see I'm not this is not me I'm not logged in right now
o7zF7IHaq_y-00097-00059488-00060208 but you can see that there's a comment by me right and uh that's kind of how that works for
o7zF7IHaq_y-00098-00060208-00060736 the course comments you can also add comments to actual lessons right so if I log in again
o7zF7IHaq_y-00099-00061008-00061767 and I go back to the course let's say I reload this again now it shows me the course info right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00100-00061767-00062272 here and it shows me the creating your first course and the ones where I'm at so if I'm going
o7zF7IHaq_y-00101-00062272-00062848 to actually go into here creating a course I can actually put a comment right on this
o7zF7IHaq_y-00102-00062984-00063720 let's turn the sound off and I can add a comment I can say this is very cool
o7zF7IHaq_y-00103-00063991-00064616 and this is very cool whatever I'll just do that right save that now I have a comment
o7zF7IHaq_y-00104-00064616-00065240 on this lesson just right on the lesson and though what happens too is that if I
o7zF7IHaq_y-00105-00065240-00065816 depending on it depends on whether the feed is updated or not but notification
o7zF7IHaq_y-00106-00065880-00066584 we were added a number so let's see if I can get the newer comments updated
o7zF7IHaq_y-00107-00066728-00067256 so whenever I load the feed it just kind of loads up random items from the feed from elsewhere
o7zF7IHaq_y-00108-00067392-00068016 so I don't know if I'll get this particular one no this is a rating so there's a comment over here
o7zF7IHaq_y-00109-00068296-00069136 get some more so this is my feed for me right so anybody who accesses the access as a site won't
o7zF7IHaq_y-00110-00069136-00069664 see the same feed items right this is a feed item in the feed there's going to be things like people
o7zF7IHaq_y-00111-00069664-00070528 rating courses people adding lessons to courses people setting their profile picture like you saw
o7zF7IHaq_y-00112-00070528-00071248 earlier there right um oh right down here right like these are me testing profile pictures right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00113-00071344-00072248 and then refresh again yeah so anyways I don't know we're not going to see what I just did but
o7zF7IHaq_y-00114-00072248-00072856 under uh and now if I want to find my courses if I have different courses I can just go right here
o7zF7IHaq_y-00115-00072856-00073472 and go to library right here I'm a student so I want to see what do I have as courses that
o7zF7IHaq_y-00116-00073472-00074088 I actually either bought or added to my library if I go back to the courses here and I look at
o7zF7IHaq_y-00117-00074088-00075040 the free courses any other free courses this one's free oh I have courses still let's get that there
o7zF7IHaq_y-00118-00075504-00075968 let's get that out of there okay all the courses now the ones that are free
o7zF7IHaq_y-00119-00075968-00076400 this is free what's free this one's free I'm going to add this one to my library
o7zF7IHaq_y-00120-00076736-00077080 go back to the courses let's add something else what else is free
o7zF7IHaq_y-00121-00077152-00078072 is there anything else that's free show price sort by price low least expensive first there you go
o7zF7IHaq_y-00122-00078168-00078696 Facebook friend growth tip I can add that one add this to my list so now as you can see I've
o7zF7IHaq_y-00123-00078696-00079288 added three courses to my library right so if I go back here and I go to library now I can
o7zF7IHaq_y-00124-00079288-00079832 see all the courses I have right it shows me all the courses now I've had if I had bought a course
o7zF7IHaq_y-00125-00079944-00080736 it would show the price or that I that I paid for the course in the in the list there okay so
o7zF7IHaq_y-00126-00080736-00081328 that's for a student now as an author you want to create a course well the registration is
o7zF7IHaq_y-00127-00081328-00081784 just as simple you just go and register your account but then what you can do is you can
o7zF7IHaq_y-00128-00081784-00082312 create a course you just click on this big plus button here and you click click on course
o7zF7IHaq_y-00129-00082544-00082952 and that's it you just and then you just start filling in the title the summary the details
o7zF7IHaq_y-00130-00083016-00083800 and you can go through each of these tabs um but or you can just click on the next right here
o7zF7IHaq_y-00131-00083800-00084672 each time you enter something there's going to be a test course test for cis334 I'm just going to
o7zF7IHaq_y-00132-00084672-00086160 say this is a test course for cis334 testing okay so testing right I click on next the next one is
o7zF7IHaq_y-00133-00086160-00086736 seo hash I don't let's not worry about that header code is where you would have a conversion bot id
o7zF7IHaq_y-00134-00086736-00087152 and header code and photo code things like that these are advanced things right then there's a
o7zF7IHaq_y-00135-00087152-00087568 there's categories if you want them to be sorted they're searchable through certain categories
o7zF7IHaq_y-00136-00087648-00088384 and next is the head the cover image there isn't any by default so I can com put something like
o7zF7IHaq_y-00137-00088480-00089336 uh let's just put let's see what do I have in here these are all videos are there images
o7zF7IHaq_y-00138-00089616-00090360 here let's use this one there we go next so I'm just going to put that okay now let's say I want
o7zF7IHaq_y-00139-00090360-00091144 to make this up a course I sell so I'm going to put at 497 and I'm going to give you know 75
o7zF7IHaq_y-00140-00091144-00092088 commission right afterwards I say access I want to be make it unlisted and that's that's it the rest
o7zF7IHaq_y-00141-00092088-00092768 I don't need so I click on done and there you go so now I have this course test for cis334 that's
o7zF7IHaq_y-00142-00092768-00093368 on the site and I can I can sell it to people as you can see it says nine at 497 right there
o7zF7IHaq_y-00143-00093368-00093832 I can actually go because it's unlisted it won't show in the
o7zF7IHaq_y-00144-00093832-00094304 in the course page but I can send people the link to it right I can just send them this
o7zF7IHaq_y-00145-00094304-00094760 the link uh that's the that shows up in my browser there the link to the course right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00146-00094848-00095352 um and uh yeah so that's basically it so then there's a there's other things right feeds details
o7zF7IHaq_y-00147-00095352-00095960 so feeds is not available unless you upgrade right so that's so that you can whoops I didn't
o7zF7IHaq_y-00148-00096072-00096512 so the feeds is uh and you know what I'm just trying I'm wondering if I'm getting ahead of
o7zF7IHaq_y-00149-00096512-00097008 myself here because I said today's we're going to talk about the free account right the free setup
o7zF7IHaq_y-00150-00097008-00097392 these are the top five reasons but today we're talking about it's free to set up an account
o7zF7IHaq_y-00151-00097392-00097936 for you or your students uh it's easier to create video course so I'm kind of going through that so
o7zF7IHaq_y-00152-00097936-00098672 let's not go into that right now but um yeah so then the rest is uh basically I can delete the
o7zF7IHaq_y-00153-00098672-00099200 course if I want just click on delete right here it confirms it asks me to confirm are you sure
o7zF7IHaq_y-00154-00099256-00099688 and by the way you can't delete a course once you have students that paid for it
o7zF7IHaq_y-00155-00099800-00100168 in the in your course so if I if I click on this it deletes it right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00156-00100168-00100696 so now the course is gone if I go back to courses I have these other courses in here
o7zF7IHaq_y-00157-00100904-00101424 by the way you can actually show you can look at there's three different views to courses you can
o7zF7IHaq_y-00158-00101424-00102064 have this basic view which is just images which you know is useful once there's like thousands
o7zF7IHaq_y-00159-00102064-00102592 of the courses on the site might be nicer to look at just images then there's the default view which
o7zF7IHaq_y-00160-00102592-00103248 is the image with the title and the price if you enable the price display oops disable that
o7zF7IHaq_y-00161-00103432-00104096 and then there is the oh that's why I can't I can't take the price away if I'm sorting
o7zF7IHaq_y-00162-00104096-00104800 my price so I'm just gonna say title right here take the price away okay so um so that's just
o7zF7IHaq_y-00163-00104800-00105544 the courses right here uh then there's the details view which shows you in a table format and I can
o7zF7IHaq_y-00164-00105544-00106088 actually put details in here which also adds to me the thumbnail the rating the created the updated
o7zF7IHaq_y-00165-00106088-00106600 the lessons the files the total length and the author so I can see who posted these as you can
o7zF7IHaq_y-00166-00106600-00107424 see it's all me right now but that's basically how the site works for and you can see the price here
o7zF7IHaq_y-00167-00107424-00107983 I can sort by the price by just clicking on it sorry by the rate or the reverse rating
o7zF7IHaq_y-00168-00108128-00108552 the data was created if I want the first the old the first course I ever created the
o7zF7IHaq_y-00169-00108552-00109008 last course I ever created the first one right was this one that I actually posted
o7zF7IHaq_y-00170-00109135-00109768 with 29 lessons wow I didn't even remember that interesting okay and uh but anyway so then the
o7zF7IHaq_y-00171-00109768-00110328 course has the most lessons this one here simple online strategies you got 260 then course income
o7zF7IHaq_y-00172-00110328-00110920 secret says 224. actually course income secrets should have more than that because that's only
o7zF7IHaq_y-00173-00110920-00111559 because I didn't post all of them in there right there's even the cis for for uh where is it
o7zF7IHaq_y-00174-00111759-00112911 cis4 four four four for alexa right over where is it well I don't maybe it's not showing up
o7zF7IHaq_y-00175-00113159-00113640 oh it's not even on this site okay and that's that's an interesting point here whenever you
o7zF7IHaq_y-00176-00113640-00114264 have a course you can have it on multiple sites right now I'm on course onlinecourseindex.com
o7zF7IHaq_y-00177-00114264-00114888 and that site doesn't have all the courses right if I go to to click ecourse this site here and I
o7zF7IHaq_y-00178-00114888-00115864 log in on there as myself and I go to my courses the courses I created so under your profile you
o7zF7IHaq_y-00179-00115864-00116576 can see courses and you can see library right so there is for alexa I want it to show up on
o7zF7IHaq_y-00180-00116576-00117088 the other side so right now it's not because it's not enabled on the other side so I'm just
o7zF7IHaq_y-00181-00117088-00117800 going to show you how that works under under sites right here it's actually nowhere except for the
o7zF7IHaq_y-00182-00117800-00118304 uh it can't be on the free one because the free one doesn't allow it but I'm just gonna do that
o7zF7IHaq_y-00183-00118359-00119272 and now if I go back to here and I reload this now it'll show that other one so show details
o7zF7IHaq_y-00184-00119496-00120176 alexa oh right there see it's right here so there's the one right here 208 lessons 224 260.
o7zF7IHaq_y-00185-00120304-00120800 let's get that out of there so yeah so that's that's how you create an account
o7zF7IHaq_y-00186-00120800-00121983 as I said you just click on this and then once you uh once you're log if you're logged out
o7zF7IHaq_y-00187-00122208-00122600 when you go to the site you're going to see register login button right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00188-00122600-00123159 so if you want to create an account you just click on the register or the even the login
o7zF7IHaq_y-00189-00123159-00123624 would work too for if you're using Facebook the other option you have is if you don't want to
o7zF7IHaq_y-00190-00123624-00124024 use your Facebook account if you want to use just an email and password you can just click
o7zF7IHaq_y-00191-00124024-00124535 on use email and password and then you'll be able to say your email address and then a password and
o7zF7IHaq_y-00192-00124535-00124992 confirmation the only difference here is that if you do that then you will have to check
o7zF7IHaq_y-00193-00124992-00125440 your email for a link to activate your account let's see like I'm going to do it right here
o7zF7IHaq_y-00194-00125664-00126311 I'm just going to create a default account oops and by the way you can delete your account
o7zF7IHaq_y-00195-00126311-00126896 afterwards if I click on this and I it'll say that it sent me an email right check my email
o7zF7IHaq_y-00196-00126992-00127735 so if I go to my inbox I should have it here shortly right over here account activation
o7zF7IHaq_y-00197-00127735-00128288 and it's basically a link that will allow me to activate the account so now when I click on it
o7zF7IHaq_y-00198-00128568-00129240 now my account becomes activated and that's that's still the same it's a new account and if I go to
o7zF7IHaq_y-00199-00129240-00129848 here I can look at for example uh I don't like I said it's not I don't have any courses here right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00200-00129848-00130472 so if I go to courses oh yeah let me just show you because I just created the scant under library
o7zF7IHaq_y-00201-00130472-00130864 there's nothing right there's I have not added any course my library yet right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00202-00130864-00131128 so now if I go back to the courses and I want to add say
o7zF7IHaq_y-00203-00131248-00131816 this one success interviews is a free one right so I'm going to add it to my library
o7zF7IHaq_y-00204-00131816-00132648 and then if I go back to my library now I can see I have this course in it right go to this
o7zF7IHaq_y-00205-00132648-00133376 course and there you go so now I can I can watch these these interviews right I can go in here
o7zF7IHaq_y-00206-00134424-00135000 let's just let it finish his little introduction and then he's going to go to my to this
o7zF7IHaq_y-00207-00135152-00135368 interview I had here with the remarkable
o7zF7IHaq_y-00208-00135808-00136328 so there you go the six minute 23 mark right as a as you see if I go back to the course
o7zF7IHaq_y-00209-00136680-00137152 I can I at this one if I mark this down I'm like this done okay so now if I
o7zF7IHaq_y-00210-00137152-00138032 resume the course actually that didn't work because that didn't work because I haven't
o7zF7IHaq_y-00211-00138384-00138880 this one here is going to go to the should should go anyways to the three yeah six minute mark see
o7zF7IHaq_y-00212-00139000-00139472 it goes to the six minute mark because that's where it was last time it remembers right go back
o7zF7IHaq_y-00213-00139472-00140224 to the course now now I see these two and then if I click on resume it goes to where I was right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00214-00140584-00141328 6 23 is coming 633 right so there you go so that's how that's how the creation of
o7zF7IHaq_y-00215-00141328-00141704 okay I'm still talking about just students but I just wanted to show you how to create an account
o7zF7IHaq_y-00216-00141704-00142152 without your Facebook if you don't want to use Facebook as you can see the difference is that
o7zF7IHaq_y-00217-00142152-00142528 you're not going to have a profile picture right here you're going to have to go edit it yourself
o7zF7IHaq_y-00218-00142528-00143232 if I go here I can choose a file here I can select a profile picture let's just
o7zF7IHaq_y-00219-00143232-00143712 I don't know let's use this one what doesn't really matter right let's use this one here
o7zF7IHaq_y-00220-00144128-00144680 I'm going to use that profile picture save it so then it uploads it and it shows me that as
o7zF7IHaq_y-00221-00144680-00145168 a profile picture right I can actually change my username to cis334 if I want
o7zF7IHaq_y-00222-00145352-00146552 and it's going to be cis test right test now if I do this
o7zF7IHaq_y-00223-00146696-00147592 like that and I go back to courses here and I go into this course here right that I already have
o7zF7IHaq_y-00224-00147768-00148240 when I add a comment it's going to say hey testing right
o7zF7IHaq_y-00225-00148480-00149096 and if I save that now you see it's test cis334 right nice have that name there that's because
o7zF7IHaq_y-00226-00149096-00149720 I i set the display name so that it shows me that now I can go edit this if I go to
o7zF7IHaq_y-00227-00149720-00150312 my profile that's the cool part about the site it doesn't actually put that in the comment it just
o7zF7IHaq_y-00228-00150312-00151264 puts that you did it so if I said um js test 334 right over here my display name I save that and I
o7zF7IHaq_y-00229-00151264-00151760 go back to the my library I can actually go right here to the library you can go back to the course
o7zF7IHaq_y-00230-00151936-00152376 and if I look at the comments see now it says js test right because
o7zF7IHaq_y-00231-00152456-00152928 it just keeps track of who it is so that means if I was to change the profile picture would actually
o7zF7IHaq_y-00232-00152928-00153472 change it here as well right so those are things like that so that's so that's how you set up an
o7zF7IHaq_y-00233-00153472-00154000 account like I said it's all about clicking the log in a register and entering your information
o7zF7IHaq_y-00234-00154120-00154608 and that's that's as simple as that all right hopefully you enjoyed if you have any questions
o7zF7IHaq_y-00235-00154608-00155056 you can always reach out go ahead and comment below the video comment below the blog post
o7zF7IHaq_y-00236-00155120-00155640 subscribe to the channel all the good stuff and we'll see you in the next episode
o7zF7IHaq_y-00237-00155824-00156328 This has been Course Income Secrets, the entrepreneur's blueprint to generating
o7zF7IHaq_y-00238-00156328-00156744 income from the e-learning boom! Some of your friends need to hear this message,
o7zF7IHaq_y-00239-00156744-00157272 so don't forget to share. For more content like this, go to CourseIncomeSecrets.com
o7zF7IHaq_y-00240-00157272-00158032 and make sure to subscribe and follow us here. My name is Jean-Serge Gagnon, until next time...
o8FdIFA30KI-00000-00000024-00000488 later that morning on location work begins on a scene with co-star eleanor parker
o8FdIFA30KI-00001-00000600-00001152 you see films is not a an actor's medium it's a director's medium produces really a cameraman's
o8FdIFA30KI-00002-00001152-00001720 medium it's a medium of the technician the fascinating marvelous marvelous meeting perhaps
o8FdIFA30KI-00003-00001720-00002392 every once every 10 years a part has written that it is really worthwhile for an actor
o8FdIFA30KI-00004-00002392-00003016 in film most of the time it's what it's completely a visual medium there you
o8FdIFA30KI-00005-00003112-00003736 the best performances given in movies have had no dialogue at all witnessed the bicycle thief
o8FdIFA30KI-00006-00003736-00004312 it was hardly any dialogue in that shoe shine that filled them there was no acting they were really
o8FdIFA30KI-00007-00004312-00004808 actually doing it and the director was molding it and making their life creating their life for them
o8FdIFA30KI-00008-00004920-00005552 my these are this would be my second really major picture the two i made before were
o8FdIFA30KI-00009-00005552-00006176 slightly sort of smaller budgets and not quite sort of huge feature films
o8FdIFA30KI-00010-00006312-00006816 from the fall of the roman empire and this already and i waited purposely till i was in my 30s too
o8FdIFA30KI-00011-00006895-00007544 in a way to start and i feel more ready to go into films having had enough sort of backlock of
o8FdIFA30KI-00012-00007544-00008120 training in the theater and if if for instance nothing worked and i wasn't any good and i didn't
o8FdIFA30KI-00013-00008120-00008792 make a sort of mark in films i could always go back to the theater as a sort of insurance policy
o8FdIFA30KI-00014-00008984-00009504 but a stage actor does suffer from on on we have bit in movies i try and study what
o8FdIFA30KI-00015-00009504-00009904 happens behind the camera which fascinates me because one day i'd like to direct a film
o8FdIFA30KI-00016-00009968-00010648 it would be a marvelous ideal situation if i was to direct pictures and act in the theater but
o8FdIFA30KI-00017-00010648-00011200 i don't know if that'll ever come true robert wise producer and director of west side story
o8FdIFA30KI-00018-00011200-00011624 tells why he cast christopher plummer in the sound of music everybody knows chris
o8FdIFA30KI-00019-00011624-00012208 is one of the very top actors i think in the world the western world and we had hoped that
o8FdIFA30KI-00020-00012272-00012976 in the case of captain von trapp to to make the character the captain more than a bit of a kind
o8FdIFA30KI-00021-00012976-00013528 of a cardboard cutout that we somehow felt he was in some ways in the play and we felt that
o8FdIFA30KI-00022-00013528-00013960 somebody of chris's stature that could bring the kind of qualities of acting a performance to it
o8FdIFA30KI-00023-00013960-00014344 could make make much more out of the capital that might possibly be on the page literally
o8FdIFA30KI-00024-00015063-00015584 the funny thing about movies is if you don't make a large amount of money
o8FdIFA30KI-00025-00015736-00016368 the powers that be in the film industry don't particularly respect your talent
o8FdIFA30KI-00026-00016448-00016824 they most of them are afraid to judge tower by the amount of money you make
o8FdIFA30KI-00027-00016920-00017496 and so you have to demand for these outrageous sums most of which you don't see of course
o8FdIFA30KI-00028-00017592-00018280 but i'm afraid talent in most picture industries usually based on how much is
o8FdIFA30KI-00029-00018280-00018768 he worth and if he's a quarter of a million dollar actor or a half million dollar actor
o8FdIFA30KI-00030-00018848-00019784 the half million dollar actor is going to get the best pickings
o8FdIFA30KI-00031-00020768-00021184 all right
o8FdIFA30KI-00032-00021560-00022216 because i do get angry rehearsals i don't mean it personally i i do try and suggest things
o8FdIFA30KI-00033-00022216-00022952 perhaps sometimes that isn't my job to suggest but one must to survive and if you if one has an idea
o8FdIFA30KI-00034-00022952-00023384 one must speak his mind and get it out and of course a lot of people don't understand
o8FdIFA30KI-00035-00023384-00023624 that and they think you're treading on their toes i think you're taking over
o8FdIFA30KI-00036-00023696-00024232 the boss's work the director's work and whereas you're not really you're just trying to contribute
o8FdIFA30KI-00037-00024960-00025432 now step back chris would you please uh before you move in i suppose in a way that's what one
o8FdIFA30KI-00038-00025544-00026039 is called difficult people don't understand the world it's the true kind of temperament that
o8FdIFA30KI-00039-00026039-00026720 an artist must have in patience with stupidity and lackadaisical and people who don't work at
o8FdIFA30KI-00040-00026720-00027336 their job and he discovered your musical leanings were a dividend i gather from
o8FdIFA30KI-00041-00027336-00028064 chatting with you great well i i hope i'm i'm quite recorded the more yeah let's not be too
o8FdIFA30KI-00042-00028632-00029495 he knew how serious i was to try to to sing in it he was very nice and told me quite early on it
o8FdIFA30KI-00043-00029495-00030095 was possible i could be dubbed if i didn't want to meaning somebody else could do the singing
o8FdIFA30KI-00044-00030095-00030720 voice that's right but i i don't want that i mean that's not the point so i'm going to i've really
o8FdIFA30KI-00045-00030720-00031272 really insisted on trying to sing did you know at the time that you first talked to bobby wise
o8FdIFA30KI-00046-00031272-00031792 who you lay your leading ladies with oh absolutely oh that was one of the reasons i decided to do it
o8FdIFA30KI-00047-00031792-00032312 i think if it had been honestly anyone else i wouldn't have done it because of julie
o8FdIFA30KI-00048-00032912-00033288 in order to eliminate background noise in a busy salzburg square
o8FdIFA30KI-00049-00033288-00033592 julie andrews sings to a playback of her own voice
o8FdIFA30KI-00050-00033592-00034088 while the camera captures one of her rogers and hammerstein songs in widescreen technicolor
o8FdIFA30KI-00051-00034944-00035616 well i can i can't think of really any dark moments i've been terribly lucky
o8FdIFA30KI-00052-00035688-00036344 rather spoiled in a way i've always worked i've never been sort of broke i've been lucky and i
o8FdIFA30KI-00053-00036344-00036720 don't know so much about those waiting years because i'm one of the fortunate ones that was
o8FdIFA30KI-00054-00036784-00037496 most of the time working but i still everything in ratio is the same in a way i was
o8FdIFA30KI-00055-00037496-00037936 it was all annoying at my vittles you know all the time i was always sort of wanting to
o8FdIFA30KI-00056-00037936-00038432 do better things and i have chicker things than i was in at the moment or more important productions
o8FdIFA30KI-00057-00038432-00039384 at least i was working but i wanted to be in that one over there you know not just in mine
o8FdIFA30KI-00058-00040672-00040984 at the piano in the lounge of salzburg's hotel bristol
o8FdIFA30KI-00059-00041040-00041712 the actor unbends the best reward in the world from actor is to have a
o8FdIFA30KI-00060-00042136-00042184 an audience
o8FdIFA30KI-00061-00042544-00042696 who can hate and love him
o8FdIFA30KI-00062-00043000-00043080 who can listen
o8FdIFA30KI-00063-00043352-00043584 who can criticize audibly
o8FdIFA30KI-00064-00043888-00044352 you can take away with them even if they haven't understood the entire
o8FdIFA30KI-00065-00044504-00045032 evening in that actor's life because an act does spend a lifetime on the stage every
o8FdIFA30KI-00066-00045032-00045488 night he works there's no question about that no matter what role he's playing he
o8FdIFA30KI-00067-00045760-00046520 if they take away one tiny tiny bit that's the best reward an actor asks for it doesn't even
o8FdIFA30KI-00068-00046520-00047136 have to be the play it doesn't even be the actor it might be a thought that was thrown out in the
o8FdIFA30KI-00069-00047136-00048064 night and the act can always tell somehow in what part of that audience that reaction comes from
o8FdIFA30KI-00070-00048232-00049184 and can always appreciate it in some sort of extraordinarily funny way
o8FdIFA30KI-00071-00050072-00050296 what does happiness mean to you chris
o8FdIFA30KI-00072-00050456-00051255 happiness i love the word happiness has always sounded like such a roundedly square word i
o8FdIFA30KI-00073-00051504-00051928 it's cubic absolutely cubicle word happiness there's nothing that has
o8FdIFA30KI-00074-00051928-00052520 nothing to do with anything to me sadness means everything to me because sadness
o8FdIFA30KI-00075-00052760-00053528 gives birth to comedy and tragedy sadness gives birth to talent
o8FdIFA30KI-00076-00053704-00054320 most talent comes from sort of sadness and an inability to express oneself in one way so one
o8FdIFA30KI-00077-00054320-00054784 desperately clings to a sort of another tact and kind of reaches it through that
o8FdIFA30KI-00078-00054912-00056184 and through their sadness some marvelous things happen all beauty is sad to me and funny
o8FdIFA30KI-00079-00057600-00058279 and the talk turns to talent can it be defined no you can't break down now
o8FdIFA30KI-00080-00058424-00059191 you can only nurture it and build it up because i suppose every one of us has talent
o8FdIFA30KI-00081-00059376-00060072 and if we had the opportunity if we would have we had the background or if we'd had
o8FdIFA30KI-00082-00060176-00060960 sometimes the money and the chance and the freedom to express it freedom most importantly
o8FdIFA30KI-00083-00061120-00061784 we would all be talented at something some of us who who are exposed to the
o8FdIFA30KI-00084-00061784-00062360 to the public in some way another in in drama and in music and art or whatever
o8FdIFA30KI-00085-00062512-00063184 are so fortunate to be able to to have the chance some of us fail miserably you know
o8FdIFA30KI-00086-00063352-00063991 we know whether men are separated from the boys but does the world know
o8SDW1p0-5I-00000-00000006-00000516 Whole nother level than any other salai masak lemak I've ever had. Really one of the boldest
o8SDW1p0-5I-00001-00000516-00000977 flavored dishes you will eat in Malaysia. Never had anything like this in KL. Wow
o8SDW1p0-5I-00002-00002126-00002622 We drove down from KL to a new state for us. First time here in
o8SDW1p0-5I-00003-00002622-00003114 Negeri Sembilan aka the ninth state and we're in Seremban for the day.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00004-00003114-00003636 And gonna be eating a lot of food. So first stop we're going to Pasar Besar Seremban 
o8SDW1p0-5I-00005-00005033-00005329 Wow can just smell the aroma here now. So hungry now.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00006-00005406-00006108 This is the upstairs. This is like the food court spot. Wow it smells delicious. 
o8SDW1p0-5I-00007-00006889-00007902 So this stall is Hioong Kee Mee Hoon Sotong. So actually Sue her family is from this state so that's why we're also very
o8SDW1p0-5I-00008-00007902-00008598 comfortable coming here with them and they are the ones leading this tour.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00009-00008598-00009276 We're just tagging along with them. This is what we have. We got here the bihun sotong. 
o8SDW1p0-5I-00010-00009276-00009660 So there's actually slices of pork in here too, there's vegetables, the bihun - the thin rice
o8SDW1p0-5I-00011-00009660-00010038 noodle. There's a bit of a gravy here too. I'm really interested about this because this
o8SDW1p0-5I-00012-00010038-00010446 I never heard of this before coming to Seremban. I know it's one of the famous stalls here to try.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00013-00010578-00011172 It smells very smoky. Whoa this kind of like has a funky smell
o8SDW1p0-5I-00014-00011268-00012228 like um innard smell in a way. Not like funky funky but like innard smell. I love the broth not
o8SDW1p0-5I-00015-00012228-00012690 salty it's like it's not really that smoky like it tastes just like it smells. That's what I'll say.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00016-00012852-00013308 And there's the pork in here like meat pork - pork belly slices.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00017-00013308-00013986 Belly slices. There's no innards so interesting. And then we have chili paste
o8SDW1p0-5I-00018-00014772-00016032 So we finished our mihun sotong. Now we're on to our second meal of the day which is the Seremban beef noodles. Maybe the most famous
o8SDW1p0-5I-00019-00016032-00016680 dish in all of Seremban. It's a very unique style of beef noodle. We love beef noodles we had them
o8SDW1p0-5I-00020-00016680-00017184 a lot in KL. Never seen one that looks like this. It's very interesting. Yeah very like gloopy texture
o8SDW1p0-5I-00021-00017184-00017586 of the sauce. A lot of different cuts of beef. She asked if I take all the innards because you know
o8SDW1p0-5I-00022-00017676-00018252 not so sure, right? Foreigner. Yes I do. So you get all these little cuts of beef here. Nice looking pieces
o8SDW1p0-5I-00023-00018306-00019038 There's peanuts, there are sesame seeds. This is - it could be like stomach lining. Beef
o8SDW1p0-5I-00024-00019038-00020190 stomach lining. Smell first. It's not as funky. Actually the mihun sotong has more funky smellto it.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00025-00020190-00020886 It's not really funky, but it has like hint of funk taste. This one the beef noodle
o8SDW1p0-5I-00026-00021000-00021480 it's different. It has no funk smell at all even though they have innards in here. The noodles
o8SDW1p0-5I-00027-00021480-00021774 themselves look very interesting and slippery. Let's give it a go
o8SDW1p0-5I-00028-00022452-00022794 Funny with that kind of texture I was expecting something sweeter. It's not at all it's very
o8SDW1p0-5I-00029-00022794-00023262 much savory. You got a little bit of pickled veg a little five spice flavor. It's delicious
o8SDW1p0-5I-00030-00023262-00023868 And I love the cuts of beef.  I'm holding this lining and I need to eat it.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00031-00024167-00024228 Mmm wow
o8SDW1p0-5I-00032-00024525-00025650 No funk at all. It's so smooth chewy no funk taste. No hint of it at all. Zero. Wow noodles
o8SDW1p0-5I-00033-00026058-00026802 As Greg was saying, the noodles are very slimy so thick as well wow I've never had anything like
o8SDW1p0-5I-00034-00026802-00027594 this in KL. Wow and it's interesting in a good way yeah. I love it really well balanced.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00035-00027594-00028098 I will say. You could order these as a soup but we really wanted the dry. They're very
o8SDW1p0-5I-00036-00028098-00028560 famous for the dry noodle. We prefer dry noodles usually. I think we got made the right choice.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00037-00028812-00029622 Stop one and stop two done all in this little big place. Yeah so apparently 
o8SDW1p0-5I-00038-00029622-00030024 this was renovated due to a fire so it's actually all new. Used to be kind of like
o8SDW1p0-5I-00039-00030024-00030564 the downstairs wet market according to our friend Sue. Yes and the great thing about
o8SDW1p0-5I-00040-00030564-00031176 this place is everyone is so nice. So friendly so welcoming smiling everywhere and
o8SDW1p0-5I-00041-00031176-00031620 and yeah. We love the vibes like the aunties and uncles chilling reading the papers smiling oh
o8SDW1p0-5I-00042-00031620-00032100 where are you from where are you from? Hope you liked it. So sweet like definitely has like the
o8SDW1p0-5I-00043-00032100-00032658 small town like friendly vibe here in Seremban so far. For a small town they have a very huge
o8SDW1p0-5I-00044-00032658-00033162 market. I guess they're not so small it's like a small city maybe. We'll say small city. Okay. Do you
o8SDW1p0-5I-00045-00033162-00034026 call it small town or small city? This is Sue our local guide. Town small town or small city?It's
o8SDW1p0-5I-00046-00034026-00034614 definitely getting bigger but I would still call it a small town. Okay. Must visit this market
o8SDW1p0-5I-00047-00035958-00036762 On adventure. Yeah we're backing out wrong road sorry guys. All good
o8SDW1p0-5I-00048-00037110-00037464 Here at our next spot Siew Pow Master because Seremban is very
o8SDW1p0-5I-00049-00037464-00037752 famous for baked siew pau, so that's what we're gonna try here.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00050-00038262-00038856 So we have our siew pau. We're so excited these look great they're baked we're very used to the steamed ones. These are baked.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00051-00038856-00039366 We're curious what it's going to be like. So we have got two pork. One each we're not sharing.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00052-00039366-00039762 And we have a kaya puff and we got coconut tart. I read about this. I read about it being
o8SDW1p0-5I-00053-00039762-00040188 good. It looks delicious. We also got a butter cake here. We got a butter cake on the side
o8SDW1p0-5I-00054-00040242-00040842 for the road because he said it's delicious so why not? So yeah here you go.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00055-00041052-00041640 A nice glaze. Ooh it's still warm too that nice brown color it's still nice and warm.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00056-00042204-00042708 So nice and flaky. It's a nice ratio of the pork filling to the pastry. That's
o8SDW1p0-5I-00057-00042708-00042954 what I like about it so they don't skimp on the filling here. Very nice
o8SDW1p0-5I-00058-00044364-00044796 This kaya puff. Already have bits of kaya oozing out of the side.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00059-00045654-00046086 The kaya in this one is very coconutty. A little bit of the pandan. Not too sweet. Oh I love it
o8SDW1p0-5I-00060-00047154-00047826 This coconut tart is definitely unique too. It's like it's pretty flaky and crumbly exterior here, but
o8SDW1p0-5I-00061-00047826-00048174 then you have the shredded coconut and it's green. Assuming there's some pandan in there.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00062-00048588-00049392 Also nice. I think these are really a favorite local spot because there's so many people coming in here
o8SDW1p0-5I-00063-00049392-00050430 just taking their siew pau or any pastries to go so it's totally a must if you are here in Seremban.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00064-00051108-00051960 Non-stop eating. Now having guess. Cendol from Haji Shariff Cendol. It's a very famous spot herein Seremban.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00065-00051960-00052398 Open since the 1930s in a really old beautiful building. Over 100 year old building
o8SDW1p0-5I-00066-00053576-00054132 Real quick. Okay a little bit history of this place. This place started in the early 1930s.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00067-00054132-00054840 It's now on the third generation. This is their permanent business
o8SDW1p0-5I-00068-00054840-00055829 location, but it started on a push cart by the current generation's grandfather
o8SDW1p0-5I-00069-00055829-00056587 who came in in the early 30s. Wow And the cendol that we're having it's with pulut.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00070-00057176-00057376 That first bite is excellent. 
o8SDW1p0-5I-00071-00057391-00057591 The gula melaka is very fragrant. 
o8SDW1p0-5I-00072-00057851-00058051 The ice is very finely grated.  
o8SDW1p0-5I-00073-00058091-00058489 And I love the coconut milk is nice and creamy. Ohh it's really good. 
o8SDW1p0-5I-00074-00058489-00059085 I love how they serve it in this metal bowl. It adds something to it. It's perfectly refreshing and I love the sticky rice- the pulut. 
o8SDW1p0-5I-00075-00060173-00061008 Here we're on a pit stop from the food for some culture. Learn more about Negeri Sembilan and we're at the Muzium Negeri,
o8SDW1p0-5I-00076-00061008-00061602 the State Museum. It actually says Muzium N9 on theoutside. So there's this beautiful architecture here
o8SDW1p0-5I-00077-00061602-00062279 the Minangkabau style. So that's the people from Sumatra. Traditional cuts. Actually we're here just
o8SDW1p0-5I-00078-00062279-00063048 to burn off some calories and getting some steps in before we go another round of makan makan oreat eat eat.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00079-00063048-00063762 And get a little culture too. Yeah but why not it's our first time here so let's do it. Yeah sun's out
o8SDW1p0-5I-00080-00064748-00065214 Alright so we're here at the outside part of the museum and it's nice they kind of like
o8SDW1p0-5I-00081-00065214-00066216 make it into like their own a separate complex there's um a replica of how old or traditional
o8SDW1p0-5I-00082-00066216-00066834 houses used to be like. Interestingly just read that the style of architecture - this Minangkabau
o8SDW1p0-5I-00083-00066834-00067464 architecture it's kind of pointed at the top to resemble buffalo horns. This is so nice. This is
o8SDW1p0-5I-00084-00067464-00068238 a 200 year old house. Let me take you a little bit tour of the inside to see what it's like
o8SDW1p0-5I-00085-00068604-00068706 Mind your head
o8SDW1p0-5I-00086-00070782-00071178 Really worthwhile spot to check out. I feel like you're kind of stepping back in time when you're
o8SDW1p0-5I-00087-00071178-00071544 going to these old buildings. You get to learn more about the state. We didn't really know much
o8SDW1p0-5I-00088-00071544-00071795 about N9. Now we know a little bit more.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00089-00071795-00072918 We areout in the kampung. That's right about a half hour outside of Seremban. The neighborhood I think it'scalled Rembau and we're going. There's a little hint
o8SDW1p0-5I-00090-00072918-00073500 for you. Here there's wood and there's smoke. One of our favorite dishes in all of Malaysia.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00091-00073500-00074226 We're gonna try it in the home state. We're so excited. Yes let's go. The dish that we're gonna have up
o8SDW1p0-5I-00092-00074226-00074946 next we've had it before but as what Greg said it's gonna be the first time we're gonna have
o8SDW1p0-5I-00093-00074946-00075498 it on its home state. It's just so flavorful I cannot wait to have it. Love that we're here in the
o8SDW1p0-5I-00094-00075498-00075960 kampung too. We're on the side of the road. You knowthese roadside spots are always awesome. Classic
o8SDW1p0-5I-00095-00076659-00077754 This dish calls for lots of rice so we're gonna have lots of nasi. Why not coconut?
o8SDW1p0-5I-00096-00079182-00079783 We are ready to eat. We've got a feast.  Even though we've been eating all day, we're still ready to eat now.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00097-00079783-00080922 So we have kampung chicken salai, so smoked chicken in this richmasak lemak yellow gravy. It smells good. We got that, we got duck, we have ikan keli aka catfish, beef, 
o8SDW1p0-5I-00098-00080922-00081720 we have mushroom, banana stem, container of tempoyakbecause why not? We're durian lovers. I don't know where to begin. 
o8SDW1p0-5I-00099-00081786-00082008 That is really smoked chicken. 
o8SDW1p0-5I-00100-00082320-00082830 That duck is out of control. So smoky. It's really fiery rich gravy. Oh my God
o8SDW1p0-5I-00101-00083327-00083826 Whole nother level than any other salai masak lemak we everhad. Oh man. See why this place is so popular.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00102-00083916-00084438 Really one of the boldest flavored dishes you will eat in Malaysia by far. I can't talk about anymore, let's just eat.
o8SDW1p0-5I-00103-00085833-00086784 Nice and full. And it's been a beautiful lots of eating day and a little bit of exploring here in Negeri Sembilan. If you guys are
o8SDW1p0-5I-00104-00086784-00087240 watching this if you haven't been to this state here in Malaysia it's worth a visit
o8SDW1p0-5I-00105-00087240-00087816 and that museum was also worth a visit so is this beautiful place. One of the best
o8SDW1p0-5I-00106-00087816-00088290 meals straight up. Incredible. We really got incredible experience for our first
o8SDW1p0-5I-00107-00088290-00088710 time in this state so I think we got a good well-rounded experience. Give us any
o8SDW1p0-5I-00108-00088710-00089352 recommendations for a future visit to Negeri Sembilan in the comments. Yep I know we
o8SDW1p0-5I-00109-00089352-00090024 definitely have to hit a lot more spots here but so far it's been so good. So yep
o8SDW1p0-5I-00110-00090024-00090546 that's it thank you guys for watching and we'll see you in the next one bye.
os7YdXfg6jM-00000-00000236-00001017 hi tweens and welcome to tween scene online summer 2020. last week we created
os7YdXfg6jM-00001-00001017-00001559 origami shapes using fabric napkins. I hope you enjoyed that and are inspired
os7YdXfg6jM-00002-00001559-00002067 to continue to look at more shapes to create. this week we're going to be
os7YdXfg6jM-00003-00002067-00003134 decorating squishy stars. in your kit you'll have one blank squishy star and
os7YdXfg6jM-00004-00003134-00003857 two permanent markers. we chose red and blue because we are very close to the
os7YdXfg6jM-00005-00003857-00004312 July 4th holiday and we thought you might enjoy patriotic colors for this
os7YdXfg6jM-00006-00004312-00004746 craft. this is a quick craft, you won't need a
os7YdXfg6jM-00007-00004746-00005228 lot of instructions for it obviously, but I do want to give you some helpful hints.
os7YdXfg6jM-00008-00005228-00005732 you can use any color marker, just make sure that you use permanent markers and
os7YdXfg6jM-00009-00005732-00006239 that it says permanent marker on there. otherwise your craft could smear like my
os7YdXfg6jM-00010-00006239-00006702 red star did here. I didn't have a permanent marker in the house at the
os7YdXfg6jM-00011-00006702-00007118 time that I did this and I was hoping it wouldn't smear but it did anyway.
os7YdXfg6jM-00012-00007118-00008123 the permanent markers will still smear when they're wet, so make sure to allow  ten
os7YdXfg6jM-00013-00008123-00008961 minutes between squishing your star and coloring it because you want to allow
os7YdXfg6jM-00014-00008961-00009522 the marker time to dry adequately. all right, so you can do any kind of shape or
os7YdXfg6jM-00015-00009522-00010167 design. I liked doing stars, because stars on stars seems like it could be a fun
os7YdXfg6jM-00016-00010167-00011597 idea. it's very easy to draw on. and I hope you enjoy this craft and will share
os7YdXfg6jM-00017-00011597-00012436 your decorated stars in the comments section or on our social media.
os7YdXfg6jM-00018-00012475-00013068 here we go so now we have red on one side majority and blue on the other.
os7YdXfg6jM-00019-00013068-00013849 mm-hmm okay so that's our craft for this week, next week we are going to be making
os7YdXfg6jM-00020-00013849-00014602 our own notebooks using the Japanese side sewn method with some fun paper shapes
os7YdXfg6jM-00021-00014602-00014902 and colors and you'll get some decorative beads.
os7YdXfg6jM-00022-00014902-00015441 all right tweens have a good at 4th of July holiday, and we'll see you next week
os7YdXfg6jM-00023-00015441-00015765 bye now!
otl8hN5fmGE-00000-00000000-00000236 Let's talked about narrowing a topic.
otl8hN5fmGE-00001-00000292-00000680 Once you have started with a broad topic: diabetes,
otl8hN5fmGE-00002-00000744-00000875 opioid crisis, etc.
otl8hN5fmGE-00003-00000875-00001239 the next steps are to start narrowing down it little bit.
otl8hN5fmGE-00004-00001292-00001574 I want to go with the diabetes topic for now.
otl8hN5fmGE-00005-00001574-00001927 A really good place to start looking is at the National ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00006-00001927-00002295 Institute of Health or the CDC and similar professional ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00007-00002295-00002593 organizations and government agencies that ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00008-00002593-00002828 have a stock, or have done research,
otl8hN5fmGE-00009-00002828-00003165 or is an authority on your topic Often they will have ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00010-00003165-00003526 trending topics or feature topics to kind of get an idea ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00011-00003526-00003808 of what are these institutions, agencies,
otl8hN5fmGE-00012-00003808-00003949 organizations, etc.
otl8hN5fmGE-00013-00003949-00004255 talking about in relation to your broad topic?
otl8hN5fmGE-00014-00004255-00004639 There you may be able to find a way to narrow down your topic.
otl8hN5fmGE-00015-00004724-00005066 So I'm going to go with gestational diabetes.
otl8hN5fmGE-00016-00005066-00005372 My next step is to jump into ArticlesPlus
otl8hN5fmGE-00017-00005428-00005769 and just do a broad search for my slightly narrow topic of ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00018-00005769-00006031 'gestational diabetes' to see what kind of ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00019-00006031-00006191 information is out there.
otl8hN5fmGE-00020-00006300-00006613 So because ArticlesPlus is so multidisciplinary,
otl8hN5fmGE-00021-00006613-00006971 I'm getting a lot of different perspectives- not just from ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00022-00006971-00007263 health and medicine. So I'm going to go ahead and ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00023-00007263-00007613 limit this just to the last like 2 years to see about what is ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00024-00007613-00007861 trending, what is going on in relation to ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00025-00007861-00008153 the literature? ArticlesPlus will give me news ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00026-00008153-00008262 articles, books,
otl8hN5fmGE-00027-00008262-00008459 etc. and right now I'm looking at ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00028-00008459-00008795 these academic journals for some of the scholarly work ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00029-00008795-00009028 that's coming out related to my topic.
otl8hN5fmGE-00030-00009028-00009247 And I'm just going to kind of peruse.
otl8hN5fmGE-00031-00009328-00009673 Another way you can limit your topic is to think about ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00032-00009673-00009908 what area you might want to focus on.
otl8hN5fmGE-00033-00009908-00010214 So maybe I want to focus on a specific age group.
otl8hN5fmGE-00034-00010214-00010519 So I just saw this 'age-specific alterations'
otl8hN5fmGE-00035-00010519-00010762 in this title, but that made me think,
otl8hN5fmGE-00036-00010762-00011115 "well maybe I'm looking at gestational diabetes and a ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00037-00011115-00011374 specific population maybe children?"
otl8hN5fmGE-00038-00011374-00011727 Maybe what are the effects of gestational diabetes in ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00039-00011727-00011907 children when they grow up?
otl8hN5fmGE-00040-00012020-00012272 Another option here is by location,
otl8hN5fmGE-00041-00012272-00012500 so because we're in Appalachia,
otl8hN5fmGE-00042-00012500-00012955 I can add to my topic let's see what this looks like in Appalachia.
otl8hN5fmGE-00043-00013052-00013298 Then I'm going to fo ahead and add Ohio to that too ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00044-00013298-00013531 since Ohio is part of the Appalachian region.
otl8hN5fmGE-00045-00013604-00013832 Narrow it down just a little bit more.
otl8hN5fmGE-00046-00013908-00014244 Part of this is kind of the give-and-take to see what the ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00047-00014244-00014529 literature can provide, as well as what kind of ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00048-00014529-00014857 interest that you may have. And you don't know what you ...
otl8hN5fmGE-00049-00014857-00015099 don't know. So by slowly playing around ...
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otl8hN5fmGE-00052-00015552-00015683 more specific topic.
ouhkay-IyIA-00000-00000012-00000564 Kaiser Permanente Guide to Medicare Basics.
ouhkay-IyIA-00001-00000574-00001237 The National Medicare program, which was created in 1965,
ouhkay-IyIA-00002-00001237-00001507 has given people peace of mind and the security
ouhkay-IyIA-00003-00001507-00001750 of knowing they'll have access to health coverage.
ouhkay-IyIA-00004-00001750-00002104 Medicare is administered by the Centers for Medicare
ouhkay-IyIA-00005-00002104-00002563 and Medicaid Services or CMS and provides health care coverage
ouhkay-IyIA-00006-00002563-00002950 to people who are 65 and over and people under 65
ouhkay-IyIA-00007-00002950-00003089 who have certain disabilities,
ouhkay-IyIA-00008-00003132-00003435 including end-stage renal disease, after diagnosis.
ouhkay-IyIA-00009-00003513-00003831 Medicare is made up of Parts: A, B, C,
ouhkay-IyIA-00010-00003831-00004098 and D. We'll explore each one,
ouhkay-IyIA-00011-00004098-00004296 so you have the information you need.
ouhkay-IyIA-00012-00004350-00005092 Let's look at Part A first.
ouhkay-IyIA-00013-00005099-00005517 Part A is hospital insurance and provides coverage
ouhkay-IyIA-00014-00005517-00005841 for Inpatient hospital, Skilled nursing,
ouhkay-IyIA-00015-00005883-00006098 Hospice, Home health care.
ouhkay-IyIA-00016-00006141-00006510 Services not covered under Part A include Custodial care
ouhkay-IyIA-00017-00006527-00006636 and long term care.
ouhkay-IyIA-00018-00006744-00006916 If you've worked at least 10 years
ouhkay-IyIA-00019-00006916-00007270 of Social Security covered employment and are over 65,
ouhkay-IyIA-00020-00007340-00007586 you generally will pay no monthly premium
ouhkay-IyIA-00021-00007586-00007904 for Part A. Once you're eligible, you can sign
ouhkay-IyIA-00022-00007904-00008074 up at your Social Security Office.
ouhkay-IyIA-00023-00008135-00008444 Then you'll receive a red, white and blue Medicare card.
ouhkay-IyIA-00024-00008566-00008833 Next.
ouhkay-IyIA-00025-00008854-00009536 Part B is medical insurance.
ouhkay-IyIA-00026-00009536-00010089 It covers services like Doctor visits, Preventive services,
ouhkay-IyIA-00027-00010089-00010394 Inpatient and outpatient physician services,
ouhkay-IyIA-00028-00010394-00010766 Outpatient surgery, Lab, Radiology,
ouhkay-IyIA-00029-00010766-00011132 Durable medical equipment, Dialysis,
ouhkay-IyIA-00030-00011142-00011482 and other medical services and supplies not covered
ouhkay-IyIA-00031-00011482-00011982 under Part A. If you qualify for Part A, you're eligible
ouhkay-IyIA-00032-00011987-00012354 for Part B. And you'll keep your Part B benefits for as long
ouhkay-IyIA-00033-00012354-00012639 as you continue to pay for them.
ouhkay-IyIA-00034-00012639-00012864 And here's something important to remember.
ouhkay-IyIA-00035-00012927-00013241 You must sign up for Part B once you are eligible,
ouhkay-IyIA-00036-00013267-00013482 because if you don't, you may have
ouhkay-IyIA-00037-00013482-00013769 to pay a Late Enrollment Penalty.
ouhkay-IyIA-00038-00013769-00014210 This penalty increases the Part B monthly premium by 10 percent
ouhkay-IyIA-00039-00014210-00014506 for each 12 month period you decline coverage.
ouhkay-IyIA-00040-00014506-00014881 And that amount is not a one-time penalty.
ouhkay-IyIA-00041-00014881-00015128 It lasts for as long as you remain enrolled
ouhkay-IyIA-00042-00015128-00015474 in Part B. There are exceptions to this penalty,
ouhkay-IyIA-00043-00015497-00015664 such as a person or their spouse
ouhkay-IyIA-00044-00015688-00015962 who continues to work after age 65.
ouhkay-IyIA-00045-00016013-00016293 We've now covered Part A and Part B,
ouhkay-IyIA-00046-00016293-00016536 which together make up Original Medicare.
ouhkay-IyIA-00047-00016594-00016796 Keep in mind that your employer group
ouhkay-IyIA-00048-00016796-00017181 or trust fund-sponsored plans likely offer additional coverage
ouhkay-IyIA-00049-00017181-00017314 to Original Medicare.
ouhkay-IyIA-00050-00017445-00018161 Let's move on to Part C. Often referred
ouhkay-IyIA-00051-00018161-00018581 to as Medicare Advantage, Part C is the part of Medicare
ouhkay-IyIA-00052-00018581-00018855 that allows you to choose a private insurance company
ouhkay-IyIA-00053-00018876-00019052 to provide your Medicare benefits.
ouhkay-IyIA-00054-00019184-00019530 Medicare Advantage Plans must cover all of the services
ouhkay-IyIA-00055-00019530-00019700 that Original Medicare covers.
ouhkay-IyIA-00056-00019731-00020010 However, hospice care and certain care
ouhkay-IyIA-00057-00020010-00020262 for clinical research studies are exceptions.
ouhkay-IyIA-00058-00020309-00020513 They're covered under Original Medicare
ouhkay-IyIA-00059-00020523-00020721 and not Medicare Advantage Plans.
ouhkay-IyIA-00060-00020820-00021155 If you have a Medicare Advantage Plan and need these services,
ouhkay-IyIA-00061-00021192-00021508 you can still have them covered under Original Medicare.
ouhkay-IyIA-00062-00021637-00021987 Medicare Advantage plans feature a network of providers
ouhkay-IyIA-00063-00021992-00022135 that you must use for care.
ouhkay-IyIA-00064-00022165-00022421 If you choose to see an out-of-network provider,
ouhkay-IyIA-00065-00022440-00022761 you'll be financially responsible, except in the case
ouhkay-IyIA-00066-00022761-00022964 of an emergency or urgent care.
ouhkay-IyIA-00067-00023007-00023262 When you sign up with a Medicare Advantage plan,
ouhkay-IyIA-00068-00023316-00023470 you still have Medicare.
ouhkay-IyIA-00069-00023504-00023705 You'll just receive your health care coverage
ouhkay-IyIA-00070-00023708-00023880 through a private insurance company.
ouhkay-IyIA-00071-00023891-00024155 Once you're enrolled, you will only need
ouhkay-IyIA-00072-00024155-00024463 to show the Medicare Advantage plan's member I.D. card
ouhkay-IyIA-00073-00024463-00024539 to get care.
ouhkay-IyIA-00074-00024539-00024766 But you should still keep your red,
ouhkay-IyIA-00075-00024766-00024945 white and blue Medicare card.
ouhkay-IyIA-00076-00025651-00026275 And then there is Part D. Part D provides outpatient prescription
ouhkay-IyIA-00077-00026275-00026355 drug coverage.
ouhkay-IyIA-00078-00026355-00026801 A Part D plan must have a list
ouhkay-IyIA-00079-00026801-00027061 of covered drugs called a formulary.
ouhkay-IyIA-00080-00027061-00027426 And you may only have one Part D plan at a time.
ouhkay-IyIA-00081-00027426-00027829 You're eligible for Part D if you are entitled to benefits
ouhkay-IyIA-00082-00027829-00028070 under Part A and/or enrolled
ouhkay-IyIA-00083-00028070-00028522 in Part B. The only way you can enroll in Part D is through one
ouhkay-IyIA-00084-00028522-00028854 of these options: A Medicare Advantage plan
ouhkay-IyIA-00085-00028854-00029116 that includes Part D prescription drug coverage,
ouhkay-IyIA-00086-00029116-00029383 a Stand-alone Prescription Drug Plan
ouhkay-IyIA-00087-00029409-00029673 which offers prescription drug coverage only,
ouhkay-IyIA-00088-00029679-00029902 and some employers and unions.
ouhkay-IyIA-00089-00029913-00030470 Like Part B, Part D also has a Late Enrollment Penalty.
ouhkay-IyIA-00090-00030470-00030892 The penalty for Part D is one percent of the monthly premium
ouhkay-IyIA-00091-00030892-00031159 for every month that you defer your enrollment.
ouhkay-IyIA-00092-00031201-00031501 This penalty does not apply to those who are eligible
ouhkay-IyIA-00093-00031501-00031866 for Low-Income Subsidy, also called "Extra Help".
ouhkay-IyIA-00094-00032015-00032313 To apply for this program and get assistance in paying
ouhkay-IyIA-00095-00032313-00032548 for your prescription drug premiums and costs,
ouhkay-IyIA-00096-00032602-00032963 contact Social Security or your state Medicaid office
ouhkay-IyIA-00097-00033010-00033326 or call 1-800-Medicare for more information.
ouhkay-IyIA-00098-00033498-00033953 Now that we've gone over the four parts of Medicare
ouhkay-IyIA-00099-00033953-00034254 and the benefits they offer, let's go over how
ouhkay-IyIA-00100-00034254-00034541 and when you can enroll in Original Medicare.
ouhkay-IyIA-00101-00034541-00034781 The Initial Enrollment Period
ouhkay-IyIA-00102-00034781-00035228 for Original Medicare begins 3 months before your 65th birthday
ouhkay-IyIA-00103-00035228-00035632 and ends 3 months after the month you turn 65,
ouhkay-IyIA-00104-00035632-00035843 a total of 7 months.
ouhkay-IyIA-00105-00035843-00036201 If you miss your Initial Enrollment Period, you can sign
ouhkay-IyIA-00106-00036201-00036588 up during the General Enrollment Period between January 1
ouhkay-IyIA-00107-00036588-00036974 and March 31 each year and your coverage will begin
ouhkay-IyIA-00108-00036981-00037192 on July 1 of that same year.
ouhkay-IyIA-00109-00037273-00037631 If you decide to continue working after 65,
ouhkay-IyIA-00110-00037631-00038027 but lose your employer or union coverage, you can take advantage
ouhkay-IyIA-00111-00038027-00038402 of a Special Enrollment Period which is anytime outside
ouhkay-IyIA-00112-00038402-00038709 of the General Enrollment or Initial Enrollment Periods.
ouhkay-IyIA-00113-00038761-00039537 In the next part, we'll discuss enrollment in Parts C and D.
ouhkay-IyIA-00114-00039557-00040016 To be eligible you must: Reside in the approved service area,
ouhkay-IyIA-00115-00040039-00040760 and Have Parts A and B Some exceptions apply, such as,
ouhkay-IyIA-00116-00040760-00041155 if you have end-stage renal disease also known as ESRD.
ouhkay-IyIA-00117-00041155-00041539 Medicare has specific rules around enrolling individuals
ouhkay-IyIA-00118-00041539-00041896 with ESRD, unless you qualify for an exception,
ouhkay-IyIA-00119-00041917-00042344 you may not be eligible for a Part C plan.
ouhkay-IyIA-00120-00042344-00042651 For more information please call 1- 800-Medicare.
ouhkay-IyIA-00121-00042727-00043147 Additionally, if you have an employer or union health plan
ouhkay-IyIA-00122-00043173-00043374 or other health coverage through a company
ouhkay-IyIA-00123-00043374-00043688 that offers Medicare Advantage Plans, you may be able
ouhkay-IyIA-00124-00043688-00043952 to join one of their Medicare Advantage Plans.
ouhkay-IyIA-00125-00043959-00044410 Most Medicare Advantage plans have limited enrollment periods.
ouhkay-IyIA-00126-00044431-00044788 The Initial Enrollment Period for a Medicare Advantage Plan
ouhkay-IyIA-00127-00044788-00045111 with Part D is the same as Original Medicare.
ouhkay-IyIA-00128-00045136-00045575 If you are retiring at age 65, you have a total of 7 months
ouhkay-IyIA-00129-00045575-00045939 to enroll, the 3 months before you turn 65,
ouhkay-IyIA-00130-00045965-00046336 your birthday month, and the 3 months after you turn 65.
ouhkay-IyIA-00131-00046503-00046918 You may qualify for a continuous enrollment period
ouhkay-IyIA-00132-00046941-00047318 if you are eligible for Low Income Subsidy (also referred
ouhkay-IyIA-00133-00047318-00047457 to as Extra Help).
ouhkay-IyIA-00134-00047511-00047926 To see if you qualify for Extra Help, call 1 (800) Medicare.
ouhkay-IyIA-00135-00047954-00048296 There are also Special Election Periods based
ouhkay-IyIA-00136-00048296-00048691 on individual beneficiary qualifications that allow you
ouhkay-IyIA-00137-00048691-00048881 to change plans or enroll
ouhkay-IyIA-00138-00048881-00049173 in a new Medicare Advantage Plan outside
ouhkay-IyIA-00139-00049173-00049444 of the regular enrollment periods.
ouhkay-IyIA-00140-00049515-00049897 Examples of these Special Election Periods are loss
ouhkay-IyIA-00141-00049897-00050278 of employer or union group coverage, qualification
ouhkay-IyIA-00142-00050278-00050601 for Low Income Status, relocation,
ouhkay-IyIA-00143-00050620-00050886 you have moved or are moving.
ouhkay-IyIA-00144-00051383-00051612 Now, you have a smart, easy way
ouhkay-IyIA-00145-00051612-00051904 to compare Medicare health plans, apples to apples.
ouhkay-IyIA-00146-00051919-00052225 It's called the Medicare Star Quality Ratings.
ouhkay-IyIA-00147-00052457-00052916 Each year, CMS uses this system to evaluate all Medicare health
ouhkay-IyIA-00148-00052916-00053153 and prescription drug plans.
ouhkay-IyIA-00149-00053212-00053576 Plans are given an overall rating from 1 to 5 stars,
ouhkay-IyIA-00150-00053609-00053791 5 stars meaning excellent.
ouhkay-IyIA-00151-00053808-00054270 These ratings are based on major categories which include:
ouhkay-IyIA-00152-00054317-00054763 Preventive Care Chronic Care Prescription Drug Services
ouhkay-IyIA-00153-00054774-00055176 Customer Service and Member Satisfaction Whether you're
ouhkay-IyIA-00154-00055176-00055520 choosing or changing coverage, these ratings are a simple,
ouhkay-IyIA-00155-00055534-00055778 fair way to compare plans in your area
ouhkay-IyIA-00156-00055832-00056042 and help you make a more informed choice.
ouhkay-IyIA-00157-00056082-00056729 So now you have the confidence of knowing the basics
ouhkay-IyIA-00158-00056729-00057162 of Medicare, understanding what the four parts A, B,
ouhkay-IyIA-00159-00057225-00057667 C and D represent, the important enrollment periods
ouhkay-IyIA-00160-00057687-00057788 and the significance
ouhkay-IyIA-00161-00057791-00058115 of the Medicare Star Quality Ratings System.
ouhkay-IyIA-00162-00058281-00058616 If you need more information about Social Security
ouhkay-IyIA-00163-00058616-00058980 and Medicare, including Medicare Star Quality Ratings,
ouhkay-IyIA-00164-00059039-00059255 please use these important websites
ouhkay-IyIA-00165-00059255-00059442 and phone numbers displayed here.
ouhkay-IyIA-00166-00059824-00060025 These references can also be found
ouhkay-IyIA-00167-00060025-00060174 in our enrollment materials.
ouhkay-IyIA-00168-00060937-00062491 Thank you for watching and stay well.
ouL0ZrumWro-00000-00000246-00000531 Hello everyone, in the previous video we talked about
ouL0ZrumWro-00001-00000687-00001170 consumer choice, the choice of somebody on the demand side.
ouL0ZrumWro-00002-00001191-00001597 Now we're going to talk about firms and producer choice,
ouL0ZrumWro-00003-00001618-00001962 the supply side of the economy.
ouL0ZrumWro-00004-00002089-00002401 One thing to keep in mind here though, when we talk about production,
ouL0ZrumWro-00005-00002458-00002774 we're not just talking about what you normally think of production
ouL0ZrumWro-00006-00002783-00003143 like factories or manufacturing.
ouL0ZrumWro-00007-00003247-00003854 Productive activity is anything that combines inputs and produces outputs.
ouL0ZrumWro-00008-00003997-00004126 So for example,
ouL0ZrumWro-00009-00004153-00004561 a parent cooking a meal for their family is a productive activity.
ouL0ZrumWro-00010-00004609-00004870 It does not show up in any economic statistics,
ouL0ZrumWro-00011-00004894-00005107 but it is still a productive activity.
ouL0ZrumWro-00012-00005287-00005589 Back in the old days when you had to get water from a Well,
ouL0ZrumWro-00013-00005647-00006114 carrying that water from the Well to the house is a productive activity.
ouL0ZrumWro-00014-00006178-00006586 So don't make the mistake of falling into this thinking about,
ouL0ZrumWro-00015-00006589-00007005 Oh production it has to be a firm, it has to be a manufacturer. No.
ouL0ZrumWro-00016-00007059-00007469 Generally speaking, most producers are companies,
ouL0ZrumWro-00017-00007511-00007714 but it does not have to be that way.
ouL0ZrumWro-00018-00007939-00008436 So on that note, let's talk about the theory of the Firm.
ouL0ZrumWro-00019-00008551-00008838 Why is it that we have a firm?
ouL0ZrumWro-00020-00009055-00009818 Firms exist as a way of reducing transaction costs.
ouL0ZrumWro-00021-00009849-00010152 We have not talked about transaction costs yet in this class.
ouL0ZrumWro-00022-00010159-00010465 In a couple of videos, when we talk about externalities,
ouL0ZrumWro-00023-00010483-00010868 we will go into more detail about transaction costs.
ouL0ZrumWro-00024-00010876-00011095 But what a transaction cost is,
ouL0ZrumWro-00025-00011095-00011479 it's the cost to find someone to exchange with.
ouL0ZrumWro-00026-00011633-00011806 When you go to the store,
ouL0ZrumWro-00027-00011911-00012346 part of that process is actually getting in your car and going,
ouL0ZrumWro-00028-00012370-00012518 that's a transaction cost.
ouL0ZrumWro-00029-00012639-00013088 Firms reduce transaction costs by bringing together everybody who
ouL0ZrumWro-00030-00013101-00013529 is needed to make a good or service under one roof.
ouL0ZrumWro-00031-00013588-00014061 That way you don't need to contract with every single person in the line,
ouL0ZrumWro-00032-00014072-00014219 they're all under one roof.
ouL0ZrumWro-00033-00014258-00014575 So if you think about an auto manufacturing plant,
ouL0ZrumWro-00034-00014612-00015044 they have welders, they have electricians, they have engineers,
ouL0ZrumWro-00035-00015044-00015135 they have designers,
ouL0ZrumWro-00036-00015140-00015422 they have human resources to make sure all these people get paid.
ouL0ZrumWro-00037-00015443-00015843 They have a CEO and a management team to oversee all this.
ouL0ZrumWro-00038-00015920-00016628 In a purely free market world,
ouL0ZrumWro-00039-00016651-00017000 all those people would be contracting with one another
ouL0ZrumWro-00040-00017082-00017348 and there would be huge transaction costs.
ouL0ZrumWro-00041-00017405-00017638 What the firm does is
ouL0ZrumWro-00042-00017647-00017990 brings all these people together so there doesn't have to be all these contracts.
ouL0ZrumWro-00043-00017990-00018341 There's just sort of one contract with the firm.
ouL0ZrumWro-00044-00018601-00018694 For our purposes,
ouL0ZrumWro-00045-00018694-00019004 we're going to be primarily looking at private enterprises here,
ouL0ZrumWro-00046-00019007-00019442 although the same theory can be applied fruitfully to government.
ouL0ZrumWro-00047-00019445-00019755 We'll talk about that in a couple of weeks when we talk about public choice.
ouL0ZrumWro-00048-00019864-00020109 But for the most part we are looking at private enterprises.
ouL0ZrumWro-00049-00020112-00020549 It's when the ownership of businesses are by private individuals,
ouL0ZrumWro-00050-00020549-00020668 not by government.
ouL0ZrumWro-00051-00020747-00021188 Obviously there are other forms in extreme case you have
ouL0ZrumWro-00052-00021201-00021675 your socialist or communist countries like the USSR,
ouL0ZrumWro-00053-00021763-00022103 China, Cuba where the government does own most businesses.
ouL0ZrumWro-00054-00022118-00022235 Here in the United States,
ouL0ZrumWro-00055-00022236-00022605 there have been periods including the current one where
ouL0ZrumWro-00056-00022808-00023081 some businesses have been taken over by government
ouL0ZrumWro-00057-00023168-00023380 either directly or indirectly.
ouL0ZrumWro-00058-00023435-00023840 Amtrak is a case where the government owns a business.
ouL0ZrumWro-00059-00023849-00024044 Amtrak is owned by the federal government.
ouL0ZrumWro-00060-00024116-00024508 Indirectly, recently president Trump has enacted the
ouL0ZrumWro-00061-00024508-00024755 defense authorization act in order to
ouL0ZrumWro-00062-00024818-00025070 require companies who don't produce
ouL0ZrumWro-00063-00025070-00025320 emergency medical equipment to produce that staff.
ouL0ZrumWro-00064-00025496-00025777 So in this exact moment,
ouL0ZrumWro-00065-00025780-00026466 we're in a position where private enterprise is not as large and part of the
ouL0ZrumWro-00066-00026475-00026857 American economy as it normally is. But this is an unusual situation.
ouL0ZrumWro-00067-00026857-00027138 So we don't want to read too much into that.
ouL0ZrumWro-00068-00027564-00028026 I'm also going to introduce quickly the idea of competition.
ouL0ZrumWro-00069-00028081-00028459 Next week we're going to be talking about different models of competition.
ouL0ZrumWro-00070-00028499-00028864 In the extreme case, we have perfect competition where there are so many firms,
ouL0ZrumWro-00071-00028867-00029004 no one can
ouL0ZrumWro-00072-00029157-00029629 affect the price and everybody sells pretty much the same good, identical goods.
ouL0ZrumWro-00073-00029713-00030038 The other extreme of that is we have monopoly where there's one firm
ouL0ZrumWro-00074-00030042-00030301 selling one product and there's no competition.
ouL0ZrumWro-00075-00030428-00030768 Then there's a spectrum we call monopolistic competition.
ouL0ZrumWro-00076-00030952-00031265 Next week or the next lecture video is going to
ouL0ZrumWro-00077-00031343-00031591 cover primarily perfect competition and monopoly.
ouL0ZrumWro-00078-00031620-00032001 We're not going to spend a whole lot of time talking about monopolistic competition.
ouL0ZrumWro-00079-00032002-00032727 Even though neither perfect competition nor monopoly exists in pure form in the
ouL0ZrumWro-00080-00032731-00033145 real world, they're actually very good at helping us understand the world.
ouL0ZrumWro-00081-00033145-00033403 So we're going to focus mainly on those two extremes,
ouL0ZrumWro-00082-00033406-00033580 not so much on monopolistic competition.
ouL0ZrumWro-00083-00033734-00034220 But we'll get to that more next week. Let's talk about individual firms.
ouL0ZrumWro-00084-00034549-00034960 The firm has what we call a profit function,
ouL0ZrumWro-00085-00035004-00035266 where they're looking at total revenue and total cost.
ouL0ZrumWro-00086-00035389-00035717 Revenue is a very straightforward thing, it's simply price * quantity.
ouL0ZrumWro-00087-00035790-00036212 However, costs in the economic world mean something a little different.
ouL0ZrumWro-00088-00036260-00036656 Typically when a person thinks about the costs that a business faces,
ouL0ZrumWro-00089-00036698-00037153 they're looking only explicit costs; rent, wages,
ouL0ZrumWro-00090-00037195-00037548 things like that, actual monetary payments.
ouL0ZrumWro-00091-00037664-00037985 However, economists are also concerned about the opportunity costs,
ouL0ZrumWro-00092-00037988-00038165 the implicit costs.
ouL0ZrumWro-00093-00038204-00038447 This includes things like depreciation of goods,
ouL0ZrumWro-00094-00038450-00038803 materials and equipment, but also alternative opportunities for a firm.
ouL0ZrumWro-00095-00038870-00039562 It's quite often that we'll see a firm who is making positive accounting profit,
ouL0ZrumWro-00096-00039580-00039847 that is revenue minus explicit costs,
ouL0ZrumWro-00097-00039884-00040105 but they still decide to shut down.
ouL0ZrumWro-00098-00040165-00040413 That is because their implicit costs are too high
ouL0ZrumWro-00099-00040414-00040701 so their economic profit is actually negative.
ouL0ZrumWro-00100-00040794-00041079 There is actually an example here in Frederick.
ouL0ZrumWro-00101-00041080-00041560 There was a small restaurant on Shab Row,
ouL0ZrumWro-00102-00041560-00041721 and I can't remember its name,
ouL0ZrumWro-00103-00041773-00042193 but there was an article in the Frederick news post where they asked the owner,
ouL0ZrumWro-00104-00042193-00042464 why are you shutting down this place is always jammed?
ouL0ZrumWro-00105-00042520-00042693 And he said, Yes, we're making money.
ouL0ZrumWro-00106-00042702-00042949 And he doesn't put it explicitly in these terms,
ouL0ZrumWro-00107-00042967-00043323 but he says, Our implicit costs are too high.
ouL0ZrumWro-00108-00043376-00043592 So he shutting down and he's reopening...
ouL0ZrumWro-00109-00043666-00044038 he's reopening the business along different lines
ouL0ZrumWro-00110-00044067-00044327 in order to try and capitalize
ouL0ZrumWro-00111-00044376-00044685 on those gains, keeping the implicit costs down.
ouL0ZrumWro-00112-00044890-00045271 So economists, we care about the total costs
ouL0ZrumWro-00113-00045365-00045599 and we're going to focus on economic profit.
ouL0ZrumWro-00114-00045610-00045895 The total revenue minus the total costs.
ouL0ZrumWro-00115-00045958-00046236 We're not going to be concerned a whole lot about accounting profit.
ouL0ZrumWro-00116-00046317-00046543 We are not going to be concerned a whole lot about accounting profit.
ouL0ZrumWro-00117-00046558-00046745 It's economic profit that matters.
ouL0ZrumWro-00118-00046839-00047016 And when we talking about cost curves,
ouL0ZrumWro-00119-00047017-00047565 as we will in a few minutes, we're talking about these total cost curves.
ouL0ZrumWro-00120-00047947-00048402 So we're looking at the long run and the short run.
ouL0ZrumWro-00121-00048448-00049057 In the short run firms can adjust some of their inputs,
ouL0ZrumWro-00122-00049069-00049201 but not all of them.
ouL0ZrumWro-00123-00049236-00049485 They can adjust some of their factors of production.
ouL0ZrumWro-00124-00049525-00049951 These factors of production generally speaking are five things;
ouL0ZrumWro-00125-00049990-00050286 Natural resources(so land, raw materials)
ouL0ZrumWro-00126-00050375-00050808 Labor - the amount of energy that we apply to them transforming this.
ouL0ZrumWro-00127-00050824-00051001 Capitals - things like factories,
ouL0ZrumWro-00128-00051004-00051295 machinery, automobiles.
ouL0ZrumWro-00129-00051466-00051806 Technology which plays a big role, and Entrepreneurship.
ouL0ZrumWro-00130-00051847-00052101 Entrepreneurship think about it as
ouL0ZrumWro-00131-00052258-00052815 the ability to recognize and act on profit opportunity.
ouL0ZrumWro-00132-00052866-00053111 To notice an area where
ouL0ZrumWro-00133-00053191-00053562 total revenue is going to exceed total costs and be able to act on that.
ouL0ZrumWro-00134-00053594-00053776 It's actually a special skill
ouL0ZrumWro-00135-00053907-00054412 and it takes a certain amount of awareness to
ouL0ZrumWro-00136-00054500-00054775 be aware that these opportunities exist.
ouL0ZrumWro-00137-00055203-00055425 What we can do is we can look at
ouL0ZrumWro-00138-00055557-00055875 how all these factors of production work together and we can create this
ouL0ZrumWro-00139-00055875-00056087 relationship known as a production function.
ouL0ZrumWro-00140-00056147-00056380 Where we're going to say output, which is (Q),
ouL0ZrumWro-00141-00056391-00056752 and sometimes we're going to call it total production just to make things even more confusing.
ouL0ZrumWro-00142-00056816-00057319 Output is a function of all these factors of production.
ouL0ZrumWro-00143-00057435-00057747 So some amount of natural resources, labor, capital,
ouL0ZrumWro-00144-00057755-00058122 which is done with a (K) for reasons that actually go back to Karl Marx,
ouL0ZrumWro-00145-00058278-00058488 technology and entrepreneurship
ouL0ZrumWro-00146-00058523-00058733 going to producing our output.
ouL0ZrumWro-00147-00059160-00059529 In the short run, we have fixed inputs and variable inputs.
ouL0ZrumWro-00148-00059574-00059760 For the sake of our discussion,
ouL0ZrumWro-00149-00059760-00060064 we're going to say that our fixed inputs are capital (K)
ouL0ZrumWro-00150-00060153-00060476 and our variable inputs are labor (L).
ouL0ZrumWro-00151-00060576-00060941 Fixed inputs can't be easily increased or decreased in a short period of time.
ouL0ZrumWro-00152-00060942-00061404 So we're going to hold them fixed no matter how much we produce,
ouL0ZrumWro-00153-00061404-00061629 no matter how much labor we put in,
ouL0ZrumWro-00154-00061632-00061811 our amount of capital is going to stay the same.
ouL0ZrumWro-00155-00061878-00062139 Variable inputs are things that can
ouL0ZrumWro-00156-00062201-00062480 easily increase or decrease in a short period of time.
ouL0ZrumWro-00157-00062716-00062831 They're variable.
ouL0ZrumWro-00158-00062937-00063199 So we're going to reduce our production function
ouL0ZrumWro-00159-00063202-00063563 to output is simply a function of labor and capital.
ouL0ZrumWro-00160-00063591-00063808 This is obviously a simplification,
ouL0ZrumWro-00161-00063823-00063965 but we're going to go with it.
ouL0ZrumWro-00162-00064260-00064674 We're going to define a short run and long run not by a specific unit of time,
ouL0ZrumWro-00163-00064704-00064820 but rather
ouL0ZrumWro-00164-00064989-00065353 whether or not some factors are fixed and some factors are variable
ouL0ZrumWro-00165-00065362-00065589 or whether all factors are variable.
ouL0ZrumWro-00166-00065598-00065867 The long run, you can adjust anything and the short run you can't.
ouL0ZrumWro-00167-00066096-00066444 So let's take an example of production in the short run and think about
ouL0ZrumWro-00168-00066543-00066651 lumberjacks.
ouL0ZrumWro-00169-00066966-00067208 Our output is going to be a function of labor and capital.
ouL0ZrumWro-00170-00067234-00067602 Our labor here are the actual physical lumberjacks sign.
ouL0ZrumWro-00171-00067641-00067969 Our capital is going to be the number of saws that we have.
ouL0ZrumWro-00172-00068010-00068337 In this case, we're actually going to assume a two handed saws.
ouL0ZrumWro-00173-00068550-00068943 Capital in the short run is going to be fixed.
ouL0ZrumWro-00174-00068961-00069215 So we have only a set number of saws,
ouL0ZrumWro-00175-00069387-00069666 but our labor is going to be variable, we can add and subtract
ouL0ZrumWro-00176-00069913-00070068 lumberjacks as we need.
ouL0ZrumWro-00177-00070216-00070295 So,
ouL0ZrumWro-00178-00070416-00070770 we are going to be concerned about, and here's that magical word marginal again.
ouL0ZrumWro-00179-00070815-00071109 We're going to be concerned about the marginal product of labor.
ouL0ZrumWro-00180-00071190-00071309 In other words,
ouL0ZrumWro-00181-00071386-00071902 how much production is adding one more labor going to get us.
ouL0ZrumWro-00182-00071959-00072343 So we're looking at the change in total production or the change of this labor.
ouL0ZrumWro-00183-00072358-00072641 And just like what we saw with diminishing marginal returns
ouL0ZrumWro-00184-00072664-00072974 why the PPF is curved,
ouL0ZrumWro-00185-00072986-00073256 it's just like what we saw with diminishing marginal utility.
ouL0ZrumWro-00186-00073316-00073602 We have a diminishing marginal productivity.
ouL0ZrumWro-00187-00073659-00073801 Generally speaking,
ouL0ZrumWro-00188-00073802-00074287 at some point, the additional labors
ouL0ZrumWro-00189-00074417-00074734 actually reduces the marginal productivity.
ouL0ZrumWro-00190-00074735-00075015 It might actually even go negative in some cases.
ouL0ZrumWro-00191-00075212-00075404 So let's take this hypothetical example.
ouL0ZrumWro-00192-00075493-00075604 And
ouL0ZrumWro-00193-00075740-00076036 here on the top we have our total production of trees
ouL0ZrumWro-00194-00076088-00076296 and down here we have the marginal production of trees.
ouL0ZrumWro-00195-00076296-00076460 So if we have one worker,
ouL0ZrumWro-00196-00076469-00076732 that worker can cut down four trees a day.
ouL0ZrumWro-00197-00076850-00077206 If we have two workers, we can now cut down 10 trees a day.
ouL0ZrumWro-00198-00077303-00077668 If we add a third worker, we can now cut down 12 trees a day,
ouL0ZrumWro-00199-00077696-00078158 a fourth worker we can now cut down 14 trees a day.
ouL0ZrumWro-00200-00078200-00078588 The fifth worker, we can still only cut down 14 trees a day.
ouL0ZrumWro-00201-00078671-00078875 So in terms of marginal productivity,
ouL0ZrumWro-00202-00078941-00079268 the first worker can cut down four trees
ouL0ZrumWro-00203-00079291-00079639 so he adds marginal product four trees.
ouL0ZrumWro-00204-00079712-00080172 That second worker adds a marginal product of six trees,
ouL0ZrumWro-00205-00080246-00080669 that second worker increases our total output by six.
ouL0ZrumWro-00206-00080714-00080973 So four plus six gets us to this 10 up here.
ouL0ZrumWro-00207-00081074-00081585 However, the third worker only allows us to add two more trees to total product.
ouL0ZrumWro-00208-00081659-00081974 The fourth worker, only one, the fifth worker, none.
ouL0ZrumWro-00209-00082025-00082376 So we have this diminishing marginal productivity,
ouL0ZrumWro-00210-00082437-00082671 diminishing marginal product of workers.
ouL0ZrumWro-00211-00083007-00083507 We can generalize this and these patterns hold for industry over industry,
ouL0ZrumWro-00212-00083511-00083746 over industry over time, over time, over time,
ouL0ZrumWro-00213-00083766-00084114 and generally speaking in the short run total product looks something like this,
ouL0ZrumWro-00214-00084114-00084466 this S curve where it flattens out, might even start to decline depending.
ouL0ZrumWro-00215-00084568-00085113 And marginal product we get this sort of hump and then downward slope.
ouL0ZrumWro-00216-00085641-00086048 So the firm faced a number of costs
ouL0ZrumWro-00217-00086175-00086382 in the short run and in the long run.
ouL0ZrumWro-00218-00086499-00086776 A firm has to make factor payments.
ouL0ZrumWro-00219-00086849-00087257 They have to pay for raw material and prices, they have to pay rent,
ouL0ZrumWro-00220-00087273-00087630 they have to pay wages and salaries, they have to pay interest and dividends,
ouL0ZrumWro-00221-00087657-00087800 and they have to pay profit.
ouL0ZrumWro-00222-00087859-00088175 It's weird to think about profit as a cost,
ouL0ZrumWro-00223-00088206-00088686 but to the firm, profit is a cost. It is what the entrepreneur gets.
ouL0ZrumWro-00224-00088916-00089518 So profit is what's called a residual claim.
ouL0ZrumWro-00225-00089780-00090155 The entrepreneur or the owner of the business is a residual claim unit.
ouL0ZrumWro-00226-00090197-00090638 What that means is after all the money has been paid
ouL0ZrumWro-00227-00090638-00090838 to the other factors of production,
ouL0ZrumWro-00228-00090889-00091213 to natural resources to land,
ouL0ZrumWro-00229-00091226-00091483 to labor, to capital,
ouL0ZrumWro-00230-00091529-00091996 then and only then does the entrepreneur get to pocket some of it.
ouL0ZrumWro-00231-00092267-00092701 So laborers are paid before the owner.
ouL0ZrumWro-00232-00092753-00093167 It's not like the owner takes his cut and then it filters down to the rest of
ouL0ZrumWro-00233-00093176-00093339 people, it's actually the opposite way.
ouL0ZrumWro-00234-00093353-00093741 It filters up to to the entrepreneur.
ouL0ZrumWro-00235-00093992-00094717 We can get into a conversation on then why is it that the owners of say Walmart
ouL0ZrumWro-00236-00094736-00094886 make billions of dollars,
ouL0ZrumWro-00237-00094919-00095448 whereas most workers are making minimum wage maybe a little bit more.
ouL0ZrumWro-00238-00095486-00095693 That's a conversation for another time.
ouL0ZrumWro-00239-00095821-00096073 So I'm going to punt on that right now.
ouL0ZrumWro-00240-00096329-00096752 Variable costs are costs like labor,
ouL0ZrumWro-00241-00096776-00096972 they're going to change in the short run.
ouL0ZrumWro-00242-00097033-00097233 Fixed costs like rent
ouL0ZrumWro-00243-00097366-00097911 may not switch, may not change in the short run.
ouL0ZrumWro-00244-00098295-00098546 The total cost is mainly the summation of these two.
ouL0ZrumWro-00245-00098715-00099024 So we're also going to be talking about,
ouL0ZrumWro-00246-00099027-00099504 since this is over an entire production function average total costs,
ouL0ZrumWro-00247-00099564-00099891 exactly what it sounds like, total cost divided by quantity.
ouL0ZrumWro-00248-00099933-00100119 We're going to be concerned about marginal costs,
ouL0ZrumWro-00249-00100141-00100349 there's that magical word margin again.
ouL0ZrumWro-00250-00100436-00101004 The change in total costs over the change in quantity.
ouL0ZrumWro-00251-00101071-00101298 We're also going to be looking at the average variable costs.
ouL0ZrumWro-00252-00101307-00101584 Your variable cost divided by the quantity of output.
ouL0ZrumWro-00253-00101825-00102034 Here we see a total cost curve.
ouL0ZrumWro-00254-00102040-00102621 The total cost curve because fixed costs exist will never be never be exactly zero.
ouL0ZrumWro-00255-00102720-00102927 Even if your production is at zero
ouL0ZrumWro-00256-00102979-00103256 you're not producing any units, you still have to pay rent.
ouL0ZrumWro-00257-00103590-00104153 The total cost curves generally has this kind of upward snaking S - shape.
ouL0ZrumWro-00258-00104257-00104774 That is because variable costs are added in and the average costs
ouL0ZrumWro-00259-00104787-00104989 and your marginal costs are changing.
ouL0ZrumWro-00260-00105234-00105655 So here we have the marginal costs, average total costs,
ouL0ZrumWro-00261-00105658-00105902 and the average variable costs all laid out.
ouL0ZrumWro-00262-00106105-00106582 Generally speaking, average total costs are this U shaped thing.
ouL0ZrumWro-00263-00106749-00106859 U shaped.
ouL0ZrumWro-00264-00106950-00107450 Average total costs are going to be higher than marginal costs for a lot
ouL0ZrumWro-00265-00107480-00107727 but at some point, marginal costs are going to go higher.
ouL0ZrumWro-00266-00107727-00108167 Average total costs are U shaped because fixed costs are staying the same.
ouL0ZrumWro-00267-00108228-00108384 Because fixed costs stay the same,
ouL0ZrumWro-00268-00108396-00109098 the average fixed cost is going to fall as you increase your quantity output.
ouL0ZrumWro-00269-00109245-00109526 Average variable costs are going to have a similar shape,
ouL0ZrumWro-00270-00109539-00109731 but even then they're going to start rising.
ouL0ZrumWro-00271-00109991-00110402 Average variable costs must by definition be below average total cost
ouL0ZrumWro-00272-00110528-00110939 because total cost includes the fixed costs.
ouL0ZrumWro-00273-00111094-00111371 For reasons we're not going to get into.
ouL0ZrumWro-00274-00111426-00111876 Marginal costs intersects both the average variable costs and average total
ouL0ZrumWro-00275-00111876-00112327 costs at their lowest point and at some point just starts rising.
ouL0ZrumWro-00276-00112591-00112889 We're going to talk next week about the shutdown point,
ouL0ZrumWro-00277-00113022-00113127 and the shutdown point...
ouL0ZrumWro-00278-00113133-00113442 Just to give you a bit of a tip...
ouL0ZrumWro-00279-00113489-00113901 Is when price is below average variable cost.
ouL0ZrumWro-00280-00113964-00114198 As long as your price is below average variable cost,
ouL0ZrumWro-00281-00114198-00114363 that means you can't even pay the bills.
ouL0ZrumWro-00282-00114399-00114651 You can't pay your workers to show up that day.
ouL0ZrumWro-00283-00114684-00114901 So the firm shuts down.
ouL0ZrumWro-00284-00115244-00115720 In the long run, all factors of production are variable.
ouL0ZrumWro-00285-00115733-00116191 That means there is no total fixed cost
ouL0ZrumWro-00286-00116216-00116677 in the long run, everything is variable.
ouL0ZrumWro-00287-00116948-00117173 All factors are variable because over time,
ouL0ZrumWro-00288-00117173-00117460 firms learn the factors of production that work best,
ouL0ZrumWro-00289-00117461-00117642 they can adapt new technology.
ouL0ZrumWro-00290-00118181-00118472 Firms can start to take advantage of economies of scale.
ouL0ZrumWro-00291-00118481-00118886 We talked a little bit about economies of scale in the first video
ouL0ZrumWro-00292-00118910-00119213 and you might remember that was one of the things that Adam Smith looked at
ouL0ZrumWro-00293-00119235-00119417 with the division of labor,
ouL0ZrumWro-00294-00119455-00119780 part of the reason why countries end up getting wealthier.
ouL0ZrumWro-00295-00119900-00120176 So to properly define economies to scale,
ouL0ZrumWro-00296-00120179-00120589 it's a situation where your average cost of production falls
ouL0ZrumWro-00297-00120640-00120887 as your quantity of production increases.
ouL0ZrumWro-00298-00121032-00121206 At point S here
ouL0ZrumWro-00299-00121415-00121613 if a factory is producing 1000 units,
ouL0ZrumWro-00300-00121633-00121919 their average cost of production is $12 per unit.
ouL0ZrumWro-00301-00122045-00122297 As production increases to say 2000 average cost,
ouL0ZrumWro-00302-00122303-00122669 production falls and up to 5,000 et cetera.
ouL0ZrumWro-00303-00122822-00123263 In a situation like this, if you're a plant and you're operating at point S,
ouL0ZrumWro-00304-00123446-00123768 there's an incentive to expand and try to get down to point L here
ouL0ZrumWro-00305-00123780-00124033 where you can lower your costs,
ouL0ZrumWro-00306-00124040-00124498 thus lower your prices and hopefully out-compete other people in the market.
ouL0ZrumWro-00307-00124951-00125260 What's important to know is that we have the long run average cost curve,
ouL0ZrumWro-00308-00125271-00125460 the short run average cost curve.
ouL0ZrumWro-00309-00125495-00125640 They're exactly what they sound like.
ouL0ZrumWro-00310-00125641-00125845 The average cost curves is in the short run,
ouL0ZrumWro-00311-00125893-00126132 long run average cost curve is in the long run.
ouL0ZrumWro-00312-00126355-00126609 All of these have the economies of scale to them.
ouL0ZrumWro-00313-00126706-00127185 There's a certain period where short run average costs curves fall and then rise
ouL0ZrumWro-00314-00127216-00127612 and there are longer periods for the long run average cost curve.
ouL0ZrumWro-00315-00127801-00128266 The long run average cost curve is simply made up of the
ouL0ZrumWro-00316-00128393-00128583 short run average cost curves.
ouL0ZrumWro-00317-00128944-00129588 And we can see that there are three basic areas of economies of scale.
ouL0ZrumWro-00318-00129952-00130393 From Q1 to Q2 here this is generally economies of scale,
ouL0ZrumWro-00319-00130406-00130814 average cost of production is falling as quantity is increasing.
ouL0ZrumWro-00320-00130867-00131251 Between Q2 and Q4 here, this is a constant return to scale.
ouL0ZrumWro-00321-00131275-00131567 Your average costs are staying the same as you increase production.
ouL0ZrumWro-00322-00131659-00132068 Diseconomies of scale are the opposite of economies of scale.
ouL0ZrumWro-00323-00132115-00132198 Your costs,
ouL0ZrumWro-00324-00132199-00132582 average cost of production is increasing as your output is increasing.
ouL0ZrumWro-00325-00132934-00133233 Generally speaking, you don't want to be in diseconomies of scale.
ouL0ZrumWro-00326-00133285-00133498 That means you're producing too much, it's costing too much,
ouL0ZrumWro-00327-00133498-00133672 you want to cut back on production.
ouL0ZrumWro-00328-00133981-00134266 Not every industry is going to have the long,
ouL0ZrumWro-00329-00134266-00134598 flat bottom of constant returns to scale.
ouL0ZrumWro-00330-00134689-00135221 Some industries like the one here on the left are going to have a single low point.
ouL0ZrumWro-00331-00135294-00135530 At say, 10,000 units here.
ouL0ZrumWro-00332-00135664-00135790 At this point,
ouL0ZrumWro-00333-00135816-00136265 really only one firm can exist making 10,000 units.
ouL0ZrumWro-00334-00136272-00136664 They're facing a specific cost curve.
ouL0ZrumWro-00335-00136675-00136855 If they produce more or less
ouL0ZrumWro-00336-00136887-00137265 the average costs are going to be high or higher,
ouL0ZrumWro-00337-00137390-00137701 and there will be incentive to lower the cost of production.
ouL0ZrumWro-00338-00137778-00138305 However, when you have a long period of constant returns to scale,
ouL0ZrumWro-00339-00138338-00138534 like this chart on the right,
ouL0ZrumWro-00340-00138548-00139027 a number of firms can exist because different levels of output can all be stable
ouL0ZrumWro-00341-00139033-00139186 instead, they try to meet market demand.
ouL0ZrumWro-00342-00139261-00139592 Next week when we talk about monopolies,
ouL0ZrumWro-00343-00139763-00140094 economies of scale are part of the reason why a monopoly
ouL0ZrumWro-00344-00140104-00140440 can form in the economic world.
ouL0ZrumWro-00345-00140550-00140838 So this conversation will matter.
ouL0ZrumWro-00346-00140878-00141192 This conversation will matter a lot more.
ouL0ZrumWro-00347-00141345-00141894 But point R here on this right hand or left hand side graph indicates
ouL0ZrumWro-00348-00141947-00142310 really one firm maybe two,
ouL0ZrumWro-00349-00142452-00142788 but not much more than that. Really one.
ouL0ZrumWro-00350-00142930-00143217 Whereas the right hand graph a number of different firms can exist
ouL0ZrumWro-00351-00143219-00143403 depending on the size of the market.
ouL0ZrumWro-00352-00143711-00144282 So that is industry costs in general.
ouL0ZrumWro-00353-00144356-00144584 The firm is going to try and minimize costs,
ouL0ZrumWro-00354-00144584-00144984 they want to produce for costs or minimize, and thus profit is maximized.
ouL0ZrumWro-00355-00145091-00145397 Next week we're going to talk about different industry structure.
ouL0ZrumWro-00356-00145397-00145842 We're going to talk about perfectly competitive markets.
ouL0ZrumWro-00357-00145856-00146164 We're going to talk about monopolies,
ouL0ZrumWro-00358-00146237-00146601 and we're going to talk about the meaning of competition how it's used
ouL0ZrumWro-00359-00146613-00146811 generally in economic models,
ouL0ZrumWro-00360-00146858-00147266 but also a more robust theory of competition that your book does not go into.
ouL0ZrumWro-00361-00147268-00147500 Openstax does not go into that.
ouL0ZrumWro-00362-00147500-00147807 I'm going to be drawing on the work of Friedrich Von Hayek
ouL0ZrumWro-00363-00147845-00148076 who was an Austrian-American economist,
ouL0ZrumWro-00364-00148118-00148561 and GMU econ professor Don Boudreaux.
ouL0ZrumWro-00365-00148619-00148790 So see you next time.
ozt2JayIWFA-00000-00000567-00001067 She is at the helm of a multi-million dollar health and fitness empire.
ozt2JayIWFA-00001-00001184-00001941 And Michelle Bridges took a well-deserved break from her grueling work schedule on Thursday with a day trip to the beach.
ozt2JayIWFA-00002-00002058-00002837 The 47-year-old shared a vintage-themed black and white snap to her , where she flaunted her athletic bikini body.
ozt2JayIWFA-00003-00002954-00004117 Scroll down for video  The mature beauty, who captioned the selfie 'Beach baby', donned a wide-brim straw hat, designer sunglasses and a classic black two-piece for the shot.
ozt2JayIWFA-00004-00004234-00005099 Her fans showed their appreciation for the image with notes in the comment section calling Michelle 'top notch', 'smoking' and 'hot mama'.
ozt2JayIWFA-00005-00005216-00006100 The former Biggest Loser trainer posted a full-length bikini shot a day earlier, captured by her partner Steve 'Commando' Willis.
ozt2JayIWFA-00006-00006217-00006869 She showed off her incredibly toned and taut physique while on a family holiday in Byron Bay.
ozt2JayIWFA-00007-00006986-00007923 The mother of two-year-old son Axel posed with her head turned away from the camera as she showcased her enviable ripped abs, toned thighs and lean legs
ozt2JayIWFA-00008-00008040-00008694 Michelle, Commando and Axel appear to be enjoying a short trip at the seaside coast town
ozt2JayIWFA-00009-00008811-00009364 Michelle celebrated Axel's second birthday with a beautiful  tribute last month
ozt2JayIWFA-00010-00009481-00010053 'Happy Birthday little boo I cant believe it's been 2 years since you were in my belly
ozt2JayIWFA-00011-00010170-00010618 Thank you for choosing to come into our world,' she gushed.
ozt2JayIWFA-00012-00010735-00011279 The entrepreneurial fitness couple fell in love on the set of The Biggest Loser.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00000-00001682-00002094 There are two concepts to consider in the architecture.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00001-00002094-00002952 First of all, the layers which are the different areas of action and the second is the components
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00002-00002952-00003572 themselves which can either be core or optional or variable.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00003-00003572-00004360 So if we look at the three tiers to start with, the three layers are: Firstly the data
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00004-00004360-00004840 collection layer, so this is where we gather information about the students and the things
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00005-00004840-00004987 that they are doing.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00006-00004987-00005572 The second is the storage and analysis layer, so this is where we hold the data and do things
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00007-00005572-00005887 like make predictions on it.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00008-00005887-00006304 And then we have the most important layer, which is the action layer; this is where people
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00009-00006304-00006706 actually do things based on the predictions.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00010-00006706-00007436 So, if we look at the diagram we’ll see that the elements are coloured blue and red.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00011-00007436-00007804 The blue items are the core, so these are the bits that everyone uses.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00012-00007804-00008375 And the red items are the optional items, the items where you can choose different options
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00013-00008375-00008677 or not choose an item at all.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00014-00008677-00008987 So if we look at the heart of the diagram, we’ll see at the centre sits the learning
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00015-00008987-00009181 records warehouse.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00016-00009181-00009734 This is the core of the project; it’s a central storage for information about the
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00017-00009734-00010018 student and all the things they do.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00018-00010018-00010517 Each institution has their own records warehouse, but the data is held in a standard format
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00019-00010517-00010946 – this means we can do interesting things, like have anonymous comparisons of the student
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00020-00010946-00011275 activity and all those sorts of things.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00021-00011275-00011773 So once we’ve got the learning records warehouse, we have to get data in, that’s done at the
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00022-00011773-00011873 bottom layer.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00023-00011873-00011980 We’ve broadly got two concepts.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00024-00011980-00012520 We’ve got data about the student, typically this will come from the student record system,
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00025-00012520-00012959 it will include data about the student, the courses they’re taking and what they’ve
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00026-00012959-00013059 achieved.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00027-00013059-00013341 This kind of data is relatively static.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00028-00013341-00013491 Then you get the big data.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00029-00013491-00013812 This is the data about the things the student does.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00030-00013812-00014188 In the first instance, we’re collecting these from places like the virtual learning
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00031-00014188-00014847 environment, from library systems, we’re starting to look at presence data, so was
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00032-00014847-00015372 a student in a place, and attendance data, were they somewhere that they should’ve
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00033-00015372-00015913 been and other data sources, for example wireless systems, that kind of thing.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00034-00015913-00016329 So all of these systems leave a trail of data that we collect in a standard format.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00035-00016329-00016994 These are then put into the learning records wharehouse, typically in real-time.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00036-00016994-00017293 So we’ve then got a big data source about the student.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00037-00017293-00017765 The next thing we want to do is to do some interesting stuff with it.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00038-00017765-00018047 The first part of this is a learning analytics processor.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00039-00018047-00018720 So, this is a concept where a system looks at the data, looks at a whole bunch of historic
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00040-00018720-00019325 data as well and figures out whether a student is going to achieve a certain state.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00041-00019325-00019734 So this would match onto your aims, it could be: “Will a student pass their course?”
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00042-00019734-00020129 “Will they get a first class degree?”
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00043-00020129-00020356 Anything that the institution wants to predict.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00044-00020356-00020668 You notice that this is a red option.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00045-00020668-00021184 So this means that there are various different components that you could put in this place.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00046-00021184-00021542 We’ve got an open source component; there are large number of commercial players in
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00047-00021542-00021742 this space as well.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00048-00021742-00022120 But typically they all do the same thing, they output prediction.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00049-00022120-00022398 So this moves us up to the action layer.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00050-00022398-00022848 So the important thing about prediction is that somebody does something.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00051-00022848-00023443 So we started off thinking about learning analytics really from a dashboard perspective.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00052-00023443-00023923 The problem with dashboards being at the core is that somebody has to actually look at a
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00053-00023923-00024254 dashboard, so they’re reactive.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00054-00024254-00024696 And you could make the argument that a lecturer who looks regularly at a dashboard is also
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00055-00024696-00024931 somebody who has a good idea of how their students are doing.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00056-00024931-00025219 So we need a more kind of proactive mechanism.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00057-00025219-00025645 This is where our concept of an alert and intervention system comes in.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00058-00025645-00026206 So the institution assigns somebody to be responsible for a student, this could be a
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00059-00026206-00026652 tutor; it could be a retention officer, it varies from institutions.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00060-00026652-00027033 But the system receives an alert that the student needs some action.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00061-00027033-00027703 At this point the concept is that the person will do something to help the student, they’ll
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00062-00027703-00028153 record the actions and the action will actually go back into the learning records warehouse.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00063-00028153-00028703 So if we do this, we can start finding out what interventions actually work.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00064-00028703-00029265 The next part to look at is the student app.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00065-00029265-00029650 So this is very much a student app rather than the student app.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00066-00029650-00029956 What we wanted to do was to show the sorts of the things that can be built on top the
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00067-00029956-00030174 learning records warehouse.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00068-00030174-00030459 We shamelessly based the app on a fitness app.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00069-00030459-00031372 It’s got social features, allows students to compare their, their activity with high
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00070-00031372-00031783 achievers, with their friends, all of this is based on a consent, so they have to allow
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00071-00031783-00032030 this to happen.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00072-00032030-00032527 What we want is for institutions to try this, we know it will appeal to some sorts of students
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00073-00032527-00032841 and not others, but also think about what other things can motivate students.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00074-00032841-00033227 At the top layer, we’ve got two blue elements.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00075-00033227-00033461 The first is the consent platform.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00076-00033461-00034138 When we started the project, we actually thought this was going to be a more critical part
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00077-00034138-00034450 of the project than it’s turned out.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00078-00034450-00035024 So, we assumed to start with that institutions would need to collect explicit consent from
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00079-00035024-00035124 their students.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00080-00035124-00035584 We found that that’s actually not the case in most instances, it’s covered by existing
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00081-00035584-00035799 agreements with students.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00082-00035799-00036250 So, we’re keeping the concept in, we have a small number of institutions who’ve taken
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00083-00036250-00036471 a different view.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00084-00036471-00037012 And it will be a lightweight service if we do go down that route as an actual component.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00085-00037012-00037775 At the moment it’s a single item to help students give consent on their data that they
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00086-00037775-00037999 collect from the student app.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00087-00037999-00038431 So this isn’t covered by existing agreements because it’s new data into the ecosystem.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00088-00038431-00038628 The next item is the data explorer.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00089-00038628-00038950 So this is a really simple visualisation tool.
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00090-00038950-00039286 So we’ve got data in the warehouse, you want to be able to actually see that it is
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00091-00039286-00039783 the right data and do some very basic analytics, so data explorer lets you start looking at
o_W1a5m8MKQ-00092-00039783-00039946 the data as soon as it’s collected.
oBl-ThaRCF8-00000-00000652-00001304 Hi! This is Martha from MSIA. I'm happy to share with you today a lot of things
oBl-ThaRCF8-00001-00001304-00001746 I've learned about completing and why it's so important for us.
oBl-ThaRCF8-00002-00001746-00002202 First of all it brings your energy back it's a reclaiming of all this scatter that's
oBl-ThaRCF8-00003-00002202-00002626 out there that doesn't allow you to be right here in the moment.
oBl-ThaRCF8-00004-00002626-00002960 The key is when you're in the moment everything's available to you.
oBl-ThaRCF8-00005-00003779-00004284 So in order to get yourself to that place you first have to gather together everything in your life
oBl-ThaRCF8-00006-00004286-00004724 that's not done. Write down all the things that you haven't completed yet
oBl-ThaRCF8-00007-00004725-00005207 you gather all the pieces of paper or the things around your environment that
oBl-ThaRCF8-00008-00005207-00005625 aren't finished yet and you start to really make a conscious list of what can
oBl-ThaRCF8-00009-00005625-00006070 actually be done... that it's doable, it's physical, it's one step, and you start to
oBl-ThaRCF8-00010-00006072-00006489 have an active alive to-do list that moves things forward to completion.
oBl-ThaRCF8-00011-00006489-00006870 And the only other thing about completion for me is every time you do something
oBl-ThaRCF8-00012-00006870-00007383 you have to celebrate yourself you have to give yourself that experience of WOW
oBl-ThaRCF8-00013-00007383-00007856 I did that! Because if you don't do that after a while you start losing your
oBl-ThaRCF8-00014-00007856-00008310 energy, you don't feel really good about yourself and you need the inspiration to
oBl-ThaRCF8-00015-00008310-00008745 keep going in to do more. So be gentle with yourself when you do something and
oBl-ThaRCF8-00016-00008745-00009214 just go: oh good job Martha! good job! it's really important and it's
oBl-ThaRCF8-00017-00009214-00009596 something that a lot of us don't do we forget to appreciate who we are, what
oBl-ThaRCF8-00018-00009596-00010072 we're doing, and how we're moving things forward in our lives to the place that we want to be.
oBl-ThaRCF8-00019-00010072-00010528 If you'd like to subscribe to our YouTube channel you can go here
oBl-ThaRCF8-00020-00010528-00011046 and if you would like to see more videos you can go here
oGsAhErwJsQ-00000-00002646-00002806 Hello and welcome back again
oGsAhErwJsQ-00001-00002884-00003411 Chapters five and six of part two offer separate looks inside the respective households of
oGsAhErwJsQ-00002-00003411-00003536 SP and DQ.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00003-00003536-00004168 DQ’s speech to his niece on the meaning of lineage, or what we would call today “heredity,”
oGsAhErwJsQ-00004-00004168-00004686 is one of the most humanistic passages in all of Cervantes’s writings, and I would
oGsAhErwJsQ-00005-00004686-00005069 argue that it likely represents the author’s own values.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00006-00005069-00005582 Just as interesting is the dialogue between SP and his wife Teresa, which deals with the
oGsAhErwJsQ-00007-00005582-00005803 same topic.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00008-00005803-00006219 The first thing we note about chapter five is that the fictional narrator repeatedly
oGsAhErwJsQ-00009-00006219-00006747 interrupts SP’s discourse with critical comments made by the fictional translator:
oGsAhErwJsQ-00010-00006747-00007253 “When the narrator came to write this fifth chapter, he says that he thinks it’s apocryphal,
oGsAhErwJsQ-00011-00007253-00007755 because here Sancho Panza speaks in a style different from what one would expect from
oGsAhErwJsQ-00012-00007755-00008298 his limited intelligence and he says very subtle things which he doesn’t think it
oGsAhErwJsQ-00013-00008298-00008633 possible for him to know.”
oGsAhErwJsQ-00014-00008633-00009072 Thus, Cervantes achieves three effects: 1) he establishes the transformation of SP as
oGsAhErwJsQ-00015-00009072-00009625 a major theme; 2) he mocks the Aristotelian idea of mimesis as simplistic, too restrictive
oGsAhErwJsQ-00016-00009625-00010285 for his creativity; 3) he makes readers take note of his authorial presence and think critically
oGsAhErwJsQ-00017-00010285-00010544 about his fictional characters.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00018-00010544-00011247 SP announces to his wife that he plans another adventure with DQ: “because of my need and
oGsAhErwJsQ-00019-00011247-00011699 the hope, which makes me happy, of imagining that I might find another hundred escudos
oGsAhErwJsQ-00020-00011699-00011953 like the ones we have already spent.”
oGsAhErwJsQ-00021-00011953-00012510 Not only does SP keep alive the issue of the missing 100 escudos, he again emphasizes the
oGsAhErwJsQ-00022-00012510-00012969 profit motive that we associate with both him and our author.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00023-00012969-00013551 When SP expresses his mixed feelings about his departure, he sounds like a cultured poet:
oGsAhErwJsQ-00024-00013551-00013938 “I’d be delighted not to be as happy as I appear.”
oGsAhErwJsQ-00025-00013938-00014497 Teresa doesn’t understand: “I don’t know how anybody can be happy not to be happy.”
oGsAhErwJsQ-00026-00014497-00015066 SP explains: “it makes me sad to have to leave you and my children; and if it were
oGsAhErwJsQ-00027-00015066-00015563 God’s will to give me food with my feet dry and in my own house, without dragging
oGsAhErwJsQ-00028-00015563-00016254 me through wastelands and crossroads, He could do it at little cost and just by willing it.”
oGsAhErwJsQ-00029-00018058-00018476 This is labyrinthical stuff, but if we read closely, it’s not a paradox.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00030-00018476-00019085 SP doesn’t want to have to ramble, but since he needs money, he goes.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00031-00019085-00019731 This recalls the School of Salamanca’s insistence that it’s natural that man should be concerned
oGsAhErwJsQ-00032-00019731-00019895 with his own wellbeing.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00033-00019895-00020188 But let’s not overlook the comedy here.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00034-00020188-00020766 SP’s expresses his usual obsession with his ass as if he were a crusader whose lady
oGsAhErwJsQ-00035-00020766-00021469 should tend his warhorse: “you take special care of the gray these next three days, so
oGsAhErwJsQ-00036-00021469-00022025 that he’s ready to carry weapons: double his feed, inspect the packsaddle and the other
oGsAhErwJsQ-00037-00022025-00022387 trappings, because we’re not going to a wedding.”
oGsAhErwJsQ-00038-00022387-00022974 SP also reiterates that he will soon be “governor of an isle.”
oGsAhErwJsQ-00039-00022974-00023280 Teresa is skeptical regarding his political ambitions.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00040-00023280-00023879 She puns on the word “government,” meaning political power but also “judgement” or
oGsAhErwJsQ-00041-00023879-00023979 “commonsense.”
oGsAhErwJsQ-00042-00023979-00024679 And if we listen closely, she even sounds anarchistic: “Oh please, no, husband of
oGsAhErwJsQ-00043-00024679-00025085 mine... just live your life, and let the devil take all the governments there are in the
oGsAhErwJsQ-00044-00025085-00025497 world; without government you were born from your mother’s womb, without government you
oGsAhErwJsQ-00045-00025497-00025972 have lived until now, and without government you will leave this world...
oGsAhErwJsQ-00046-00025972-00026427 There are many who live without government, and yet that doesn’t make them give up or
oGsAhErwJsQ-00047-00026427-00026724 stop counting themselves among the peoples of the earth.”
oGsAhErwJsQ-00048-00028714-00029232 Ironically, she then contradicts her skepticism, sensing a chance for personal gain: “But
oGsAhErwJsQ-00049-00029232-00029707 look here, Sancho: if you happen to find yourself in charge of some government, don’t forget
oGsAhErwJsQ-00050-00029707-00029932 about me and your children.”
oGsAhErwJsQ-00051-00029932-00030458 By the way, this is the first time that we learn Teresa’s real name.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00052-00030458-00030858 She was called “Juana Gutiérrez” in part one.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00053-00030858-00031463 Cervantes mocks perfectionist readers, but he’s also telling us what makes for an individual:
oGsAhErwJsQ-00054-00031463-00031788 self-interest and critical awareness of others.
oGsAhErwJsQ-00055-00031818-00032116 That´s all for now, we´ll see each other in our next video
oIYzfij8S4o-00000-00000214-00000529 CONSCIOUS BEAUTY
oIYzfij8S4o-00001-00001114-00001565 NATURAL ANTI FRIZZ Moisturizing Hair Spray
oIYzfij8S4o-00002-00001824-00002254 The Moisturizing and Strengthening spray for frizzy hair,
oIYzfij8S4o-00003-00002255-00002455 or the Anti-frizz Hair Spray,
oIYzfij8S4o-00004-00002456-00002864 is ideal for dry...
oIYzfij8S4o-00005-00002865-00002969 Hair,
oIYzfij8S4o-00006-00003030-00003384 because of mechanical treatments,
oIYzfij8S4o-00007-00003385-00003577 or chemical treatments,
oIYzfij8S4o-00008-00003578-00003901 or simply because we use herbal hair colors.
oIYzfij8S4o-00009-00003902-00004082 All these treatments
oIYzfij8S4o-00010-00004083-00004424 lead to water evaporation,
oIYzfij8S4o-00011-00004425-00004699 (water that can be found in our hair)
oIYzfij8S4o-00012-00004700-00005250 which makes our hair drier,
oIYzfij8S4o-00013-00005251-00005705 or frizzier, so very difficult to be tamed,
oIYzfij8S4o-00014-00005706-00005837 so to speak.
oIYzfij8S4o-00015-00005838-00006275 Well, it also works for damaged hair,
oIYzfij8S4o-00016-00006276-00006580 dyed or bleached hair, and so on,
oIYzfij8S4o-00017-00006581-00007019 because, at the end of the day, the one and only remedy for frizzy hair
oIYzfij8S4o-00018-00007020-00007193 is MOISTURIZATION.
oIYzfij8S4o-00019-00007194-00007584 And what does this spray do? It moisturizes hair.
oIYzfij8S4o-00020-00007634-00008039 How can it moisturize hair? Because of the ingredients in it.
oIYzfij8S4o-00021-00008040-00008301 The main ingredients of the spray
oIYzfij8S4o-00022-00008302-00008504 are the fruit acids, the AHAs.
oIYzfij8S4o-00023-00008505-00008943 That, thanks to their acid pH can close the hair flakes
oIYzfij8S4o-00024-00008944-00009194 and make our hair look shiny.
oIYzfij8S4o-00025-00009195-00009486 AHAs are usually used,
oIYzfij8S4o-00026-00009487-00009864 as you well know, for the skin, so on face creams,
oIYzfij8S4o-00027-00009865-00010368 but, in this case, there is an innovative use of these acids,
oIYzfij8S4o-00028-00010369-00010925 because they have the capacity to re-balance the hair pH.
oIYzfij8S4o-00029-00010926-00011223 Moreover, in this spray's formula
oIYzfij8S4o-00030-00011224-00011564 you can find aloe, panthenol (provitamin B5):
oIYzfij8S4o-00031-00011565-00011737 these are humidifying agents
oIYzfij8S4o-00032-00011738-00012097 that have a moisturizing action.
oIYzfij8S4o-00033-00012098-00012497 There are also organic chestnut hydrolized proteins,
oIYzfij8S4o-00034-00012498-00012685 derived from the chestnut fruit,
oIYzfij8S4o-00035-00012686-00013120 that, mixed with the inuline extracted from artichokes roots,
oIYzfij8S4o-00036-00013121-00013740 can have a strong anti-humidity and anti-frizz action.
oIYzfij8S4o-00037-00013741-00013914 It's also very soothing,
oIYzfij8S4o-00038-00013915-00014432 that's why I usually use it when I want to style my hair straight,
oIYzfij8S4o-00039-00014433-00014923 because it helps me keeping my hair straight and not frizzy,
oIYzfij8S4o-00040-00014924-00015280 especially when there's a lot of humidity,
oIYzfij8S4o-00041-00015281-00015811 so in very hot days or during winter, in those...
oIYzfij8S4o-00042-00015860-00016101 Super gloomy days when...
oIYzfij8S4o-00043-00016102-00016444 Each strand of hair has its own life!
oIYzfij8S4o-00044-00016445-00016778 So, as you can see, this spray is rich in active ingredients that can penetrate,
oIYzfij8S4o-00045-00016779-00017151 fortify, moisturize the hair shaft deeply.
oIYzfij8S4o-00046-00017152-00017479 The preservatives in it are food preservatives,
oIYzfij8S4o-00047-00017480-00017787 that we can find daily in our food.
oIYzfij8S4o-00048-00017788-00018187 In my own opinion, this is one of the pros of this spray,
oIYzfij8S4o-00049-00018188-00018627 because its preservatives are organic.
oIYzfij8S4o-00050-00018628-00018770 To sum everything up,
oIYzfij8S4o-00051-00018771-00019092 to encompass everything regarding this spray in a few words,
oIYzfij8S4o-00052-00019093-00019455 because... the more concise we are, the better,
oIYzfij8S4o-00053-00019456-00019710 this hair spray is 100% natural,
oIYzfij8S4o-00054-00019711-00020135 so it contains ingredients of vegetable origin.
oIYzfij8S4o-00055-00020136-00020444 It does not contain chemical ingredients,
oIYzfij8S4o-00056-00020445-00020656 nor ingredients of animal origin.
oIYzfij8S4o-00057-00020657-00021138 Some of the ingredients are also organic,
oIYzfij8S4o-00058-00021139-00021569 it does not contain alcohol, neither silicons neither parabens.
oIYzfij8S4o-00059-00021570-00021783 It does not contain allergens.
oIYzfij8S4o-00060-00021784-00022298 It's indicated for who has dry and/or frizzy hair,
oIYzfij8S4o-00061-00022299-00022702 or for who has dehydrated, damaged, ruined, chemically treated hair,
oIYzfij8S4o-00062-00022703-00022845 for who has...
oIYzfij8S4o-00063-00023003-00023361 Super frizzy hair.
oIYzfij8S4o-00064-00023362-00023625 It has many properties that our hair can benefit from:
oIYzfij8S4o-00065-00023626-00023916 it has a strengthening action,
oIYzfij8S4o-00066-00023917-00024412 it has a moisturizing action thanks to the aloe vera,
oIYzfij8S4o-00067-00024413-00024875 thanks to panthenol and to sodium hyaluronate,
oIYzfij8S4o-00068-00024876-00025162 hyaluronic acid sodic salt.
oIYzfij8S4o-00069-00025163-00025632 It has a shine enhancing action thanks to fruit acids,
oIYzfij8S4o-00070-00025633-00026171 and it has a conditioning action thanks to inuline and betaine.
oIYzfij8S4o-00071-00026210-00026659 It can wrap our hair with an invisible film
oIYzfij8S4o-00072-00026660-00027034 that helps keeping our hair moisturized longer.
oIYzfij8S4o-00073-00027035-00027426 Anyway, I'll link the product page on my site,
oIYzfij8S4o-00074-00027427-00027914 where you can find a deeper description
oIYzfij8S4o-00075-00027915-00028106 of what I tried to tell you in this video.
oIYzfij8S4o-00076-00028107-00028423 So, one of the pros of this hair spray
oIYzfij8S4o-00077-00028424-00028887 is that it doesn't weigh hair down, at all.
oIYzfij8S4o-00078-00028888-00029168 It's formula is so light
oIYzfij8S4o-00079-00029169-00029476 that you would need  to spray it like fifteen times
oIYzfij8S4o-00080-00029477-00029978 before having that oily sensation, that dirty sensation on your hair.
oIYzfij8S4o-00081-00030026-00030576 MORE THAN JUST A HAIRSTYLING PRODUCT Inspired by Nature
oIYzfij8S4o-00082-00030731-00030960 This spray can...
oIYzfij8S4o-00083-00030961-00031270 Control the frizziness of your hair,
oIYzfij8S4o-00084-00031271-00031643 it makes your hair shiny, it leaves it soft and vaporous.
oIYzfij8S4o-00085-00031775-00031937 Who shouldn't use it?
oIYzfij8S4o-00086-00031938-00032379 Who has wavy or curly hair,
oIYzfij8S4o-00087-00032380-00032820 and wants to use it to give body to their curls.
oIYzfij8S4o-00088-00032821-00033036 This kind of product is not right.
oIYzfij8S4o-00089-00033037-00033410 You should use a product that contains
oIYzfij8S4o-00090-00033411-00033592 rich fat agents.
oIYzfij8S4o-00091-00033593-00033900 I want to be honest with you because...
oIYzfij8S4o-00092-00033901-00034209 I feel sorry if you spend money and then you're not satisfied.
oIYzfij8S4o-00093-00034210-00034420 I really prefer...
oIYzfij8S4o-00094-00034421-00034777 Helping you make a conscious purchase so...
oIYzfij8S4o-00095-00034811-00035362 I really care about the satisfaction of who buys my product.
oIYzfij8S4o-00096-00035363-00035823 It's a styling spray, a leave-in spray, that should be applied
oIYzfij8S4o-00097-00035824-00036206 on damp, clean hair, before blow-drying
oIYzfij8S4o-00098-00036207-00036367 or air-drying it.
oIYzfij8S4o-00099-00036368-00036501 This isn't a fixing hairspray,
oIYzfij8S4o-00100-00036502-00036913 so it doesn't fix your blow-dry, 
oIYzfij8S4o-00101-00036914-00037203 but it helps making your blow-dry easier.
oIYzfij8S4o-00102-00037204-00037389 And that's different!
oIYzfij8S4o-00103-00037390-00037905 This is a styling product, but I think of it as more of a styling product, because...
oIYzfij8S4o-00104-00037906-00038589 Of its wonderful moisturizing action on our hair.
oIYzfij8S4o-00105-00038590-00038887 Well, I hope that thanks to these...
oIYzfij8S4o-00106-00038888-00039133 Tips, and thanks to...
oIYzfij8S4o-00107-00039134-00039481 This other deepening we did together, 
oIYzfij8S4o-00108-00039482-00039771 you can make a conscious purchase.
oIYzfij8S4o-00109-00039772-00040172 If you liked the video, please, leave a thumb up!
oIYzfij8S4o-00110-00040173-00040591 If you have questions or doubts I'll be happy to answer you,
oIYzfij8S4o-00111-00040592-00041023 so don't hesitate to write a comment in the area below.
oIYzfij8S4o-00112-00041024-00041235 I'll see you in my next tutorial,
oIYzfij8S4o-00113-00041236-00041342 ciao!
oNYUs_8ExsU-00000-00000036-00000284 Cap maintenance is very important.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00001-00000300-00000824 The first trick is to wipe off the sweat band once in a while.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00002-00000848-00001228 Always use luke warm water and a gentle soap,
oNYUs_8ExsU-00003-00001252-00001388 Like this wool soap.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00004-00001388-00001748 Clean your cap by dabbing rather then rubbing.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00005-00001748-00002088 The dabbing will transform the stain to the cloth,
oNYUs_8ExsU-00006-00002088-00002400 without creating any  pillings on your cap.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00007-00002412-00002712 A great maintenance trick is to use a brush.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00008-00002764-00003164 Brushing will clean the cap without getting it wet.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00009-00003204-00003468 Not all materials are  suitable for brushing.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00010-00003492-00003864 Brushing a tweed cloth can create undesirable pilling.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00011-00003928-00004200 Vacuum cleaning can be a better option.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00012-00004200-00004720 Slow down the suction power to get a great lifting of dust.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00013-00004752-00005128 Suede leather brims are brushed to remove dust and dirt,
oNYUs_8ExsU-00014-00005128-00005412 and raise the suede fibres.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00015-00005488-00005808 You can also choose to give it leather grease.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00016-00005808-00006124 A natural substance containing wax and oil.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00017-00006124-00006600 The color will get darker and the suede will change character.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00018-00006631-00006980 Leather grease is normally used for smooth leather.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00019-00006980-00007416 Like this handcrafted woolen baseball cap from Denmark!
oNYUs_8ExsU-00020-00007436-00007652 Smooth leather nearly  changes color,
oNYUs_8ExsU-00021-00007659-00007816 suede definitely does.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00022-00007836-00008204 The top line of these samples is treated with grease.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00023-00008248-00008784 Once in a while let the cap rest on our newly developed cap hanger.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00024-00008784-00009256 Which will help the cap to stay in the shape by resting on the wall.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00025-00009256-00009476 Also useful for hats
oNYUs_8ExsU-00026-00009736-00009924 ... Or 8-pieces
oNYUs_8ExsU-00027-00009964-00010104 ... Or baseball caps
oNYUs_8ExsU-00028-00010116-00010468 Or vintage leather racing caps with goggles.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00029-00010480-00010740 If your cap got  soaked in water,
oNYUs_8ExsU-00030-00010740-00010920 remember to stuff it with something.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00031-00010920-00011096 And leave it to dry (NOT close to heat source!)
oNYUs_8ExsU-00032-00011108-00011412 Soap water can change the color of the brim.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00033-00011412-00011528 Wilgart
oNYUs_8ExsU-00034-00011544-00011788 Maker of handcrafted Danish headwear.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00035-00011824-00012244 We supply cap care tools and custom made caps.
oNYUs_8ExsU-00036-00012296-00012584 Visit our website.
oPhGz6o7RxE-00000-00000006-00000579 Welcome to The Straight Razor Edge Friday Special! Eric here with Adventures In Wet
oPhGz6o7RxE-00001-00000579-00001104 Shaving and welcome back it's good to see you if this is your first time here
oPhGz6o7RxE-00002-00001104-00001521 and your interest in learning how to straight razor shave go ahead and hit
oPhGz6o7RxE-00003-00001521-00001973 that subscribe button then click on the bell next to it to be notified when I
oPhGz6o7RxE-00004-00001973-00002256 upload videos so that way you won't miss a thing
oPhGz6o7RxE-00005-00002256-00002865 in tonight's Straight Razor Edge Friday special: How To Clean, Dry and
oPhGz6o7RxE-00006-00002865-00003564 Store Your Straight Razor after shaving YouTuber "Trunker Dixon" asked for your
oPhGz6o7RxE-00007-00003564-00004311 next Friday edge special can I suggest a small look at how you maintain your
oPhGz6o7RxE-00008-00004311-00005226 razor after you have finished shaving and YouTuber "Tobelli" asked maybe you
oPhGz6o7RxE-00009-00005226-00005930 could show how you clean dry and store your straight razors there are two types
oPhGz6o7RxE-00010-00005930-00006597 of Steel there is carbon steel and it will stain and rust is just the nature
oPhGz6o7RxE-00011-00006597-00007314 of the steel alright there is also stainless steel now stainless steel will
oPhGz6o7RxE-00012-00007314-00008165 also stay in rust as well but it resists staining and rusting more vigorously
oPhGz6o7RxE-00013-00008165-00008636 than the carbon steel however it will still stain in rust
oPhGz6o7RxE-00014-00008636-00009471 alright now my Seven Step Process begins during the shave alright so number one
oPhGz6o7RxE-00015-00009471-00010347 you want to wash off your blade from here down with hot water okay from here
oPhGz6o7RxE-00016-00010347-00010902 down and for me I put it in the sink if you want to rinse it off you can do that
oPhGz6o7RxE-00017-00010902-00011322 as well however I never get the pivot pin wet I
oPhGz6o7RxE-00018-00011322-00011913 never get the scales or the handle the wet ok I don't even get from here up wet
oPhGz6o7RxE-00019-00011913-00012684 I only get from here down wet alright that is key you don't ever want to get
oPhGz6o7RxE-00020-00012684-00013377 water in that hinge pin number two you want to wipe that blade clean
oPhGz6o7RxE-00021-00013377-00014160 so I normally just pinch it and wipe it clean like this in the towel okay now
oPhGz6o7RxE-00022-00014160-00015012 you could also use tissue paper all right it is done exactly the same way
oPhGz6o7RxE-00023-00015012-00015609 you're just cleaning it off you're going to take that extra soap residue right
oPhGz6o7RxE-00024-00015609-00016288 off of that razor all right so those are the first two steps and those two steps
oPhGz6o7RxE-00025-00016288-00016968 happen during the shave all right step 3 we're going to do the final rinse on
oPhGz6o7RxE-00026-00016968-00017658 this blade from here down okay and we're gonna rinse it off I normally just put
oPhGz6o7RxE-00027-00017658-00018207 it in the sink and I shake it all right but from here down it's all I get wet
oPhGz6o7RxE-00028-00018207-00018840 and if you are gonna rinse it off under the tap again from here down get wet do
oPhGz6o7RxE-00029-00018840-00019485 not get that pivot pin wet don't get from here up wet I don't get the scales
oPhGz6o7RxE-00030-00019485-00019932 or the handle wet none of that gets wet when I'm cleaning
oPhGz6o7RxE-00031-00019932-00020841 my razors now step four we're going to take a towel in my case I take a towel
oPhGz6o7RxE-00032-00020841-00021681 and I will pinch it like that yeah I will make sure it's nice and clean and
oPhGz6o7RxE-00033-00021681-00022266 dry I'll go ahead and get under here I'll get the spine
oPhGz6o7RxE-00034-00022266-00023205 I'll get the nose okay and I'll just make sure that's nice and dry now I
oPhGz6o7RxE-00035-00023205-00023637 don't have to worry about the pivot pin okay
oPhGz6o7RxE-00036-00023637-00024312 or the rest of it because I never got a wet now what you could do you could also
oPhGz6o7RxE-00037-00024312-00025095 use a tissue and again I would just pinch that and run it from the heel to
oPhGz6o7RxE-00038-00025095-00025739 the toe just be very careful of that edge because it will cut you then I
oPhGz6o7RxE-00039-00025739-00026391 would get him here like this when those chippings get that's fine and get the
oPhGz6o7RxE-00040-00026391-00027035 end where the nose Step five if you need it you could
oPhGz6o7RxE-00041-00027035-00027727 actually take this and blow-dry it okay if you have a blow dryer you can
oPhGz6o7RxE-00042-00027727-00028406 blow-dry it and take it that extra step alright and make sure it's nice and dry
oPhGz6o7RxE-00043-00028406-00028858 step 6 I protect my straight razor by applying
oPhGz6o7RxE-00044-00028858-00029539 a coat of protective wax which I make from sunflower oil beeswax and a few
oPhGz6o7RxE-00045-00029539-00030244 essential oils which make it a stringent antiseptic and it sterilizes the blade
oPhGz6o7RxE-00046-00030244-00031205 and prevents rust so all I do is I reach in there and get about that much yeah
oPhGz6o7RxE-00047-00031205-00031933 not like that okay and then I will put some on each side of this blade like
oPhGz6o7RxE-00048-00031933-00032869 this okay then I won't be very careful with this edge okay I will go ahead and
oPhGz6o7RxE-00049-00032869-00033590 rub that and then I'm going to pinch it toward the edge all right and then I get
oPhGz6o7RxE-00050-00033590-00034345 in here I get the jibing 's alright I'm gonna get the spine get the nose
oPhGz6o7RxE-00051-00034345-00035072 alright I'm going to get the tang all of that gets covered with this wax and then
oPhGz6o7RxE-00052-00035072-00036013 I go ahead and hit that blade again I look at it and as you can see it is
oPhGz6o7RxE-00053-00036013-00036716 completely covered alright and that will do it that will totally take care of
oPhGz6o7RxE-00054-00036716-00037322 this and keep you protected and like I say it's a stringent antiseptic so it
oPhGz6o7RxE-00055-00037322-00038113 sterilizes the blade as well step 7 then I would take this straight razor
oPhGz6o7RxE-00056-00038113-00038966 which is totally dry totally protected with my wax and I would store it outside
oPhGz6o7RxE-00057-00038966-00039911 of the Shave Den okay and it will be good or you could store it in a ziploc
oPhGz6o7RxE-00058-00039911-00040594 back at this stage because it's completely dry so you could put it in
oPhGz6o7RxE-00059-00040594-00041686 here like this okay roll that little dude up seal it in a ziplock baggie and
oPhGz6o7RxE-00060-00041686-00042463 now this is good to go this is not going to ever have a problem okay no rust no
oPhGz6o7RxE-00061-00042463-00043202 staying totally protected in this is airtight watertight good to go Question
oPhGz6o7RxE-00062-00043202-00043862 Of The Day: How do you clean, dry and store your straight razor after shaving
oPhGz6o7RxE-00063-00043862-00044681 and did I miss an 8, 9 and 10 let me know down in the comments how you do
oPhGz6o7RxE-00064-00044681-00045377 it hopefully you found this helpful you can click right up here to see the "Best
oPhGz6o7RxE-00065-00045377-00045890 How To Shave" Video you've ever seen really appreciate you thank you so much
oPhGz6o7RxE-00066-00045890-00046372 for stopping by for The Straight Razor Edge Friday Special you click right
oPhGz6o7RxE-00067-00046372-00046850 over here to see my latest video click down here on video specially picked out
oPhGz6o7RxE-00068-00046850-00047281 for you click over here on me subscribe like comment share this video with your
oPhGz6o7RxE-00069-00047281-00047762 friends have a great shave and a good day and I will see you next time
oPhGz6o7RxE-00070-00047762-00048175 one Adventures In Wet Shaving
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00000-00001258-00001394 What are they ploting ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00001-00001394-00001526 I don't know your Honor.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00002-00001528-00001722 We had a meeting at 4p.m didn’t we ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00003-00001857-00001964 Yes, your Honor !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00004-00002039-00002287 I will send them to the hole, if we keep on waiting.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00005-00003956-00004076 That is not too soon !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00006-00004076-00004275 Sorry your Honor ! Clerk !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00007-00004276-00004437 I prefer Veronique please !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00008-00004498-00004832 Your Honor ! Clerk ! We found the guilty party !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00009-00004882-00005088 Well sit down, we shall look into it.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00010-00005092-00005744 No time to look! Guillotine at least,   or perpetuity at Cayenne, i am Conciliating !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00011-00005751-00005984 We must update Dussilo, Cayenne is out.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00012-00005984-00006310 Exactly, don’t you see the opportunity to re-open it ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00013-00006312-00006436 The human rights ...
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00014-00006437-00006869 My little Veronique, the human rights,   they will also grow out of fashion. Believe me !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00015-00006880-00007276 As we await your rehabilitation projects,   why do you want to put this man in prison ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00016-00007278-00007559 And what are you doing there prosecutor ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00017-00007559-00007723 I’m just passing your Honor !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00018-00007763-00007870 To stay here ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00019-00007892-00008064 Ah yes yes !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00020-00008064-00008554 Anyway, Mister Saladin   stole the letters from a whole neighborhood,
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00021-00008554-00008728 He gave them back
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00022-00008771-00009006 but kept one and doesn’t want to explain himself !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00023-00009029-00009262 A grave ! We must torture him !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00024-00009282-00009464 That is also old fashioned !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00025-00009464-00009580 Lie detector ?!
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00026-00009740-00009847 We would have to talk.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00027-00009850-00009990 Well it’s not your client?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00028-00010050-00010469 What are you waiting for to establish that  famous link of trust wich will make him confess ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00029-00010471-00010570 It’s not that simple !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00030-00010570-00010816 A basin, a little water, it would be quicker !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00031-00010816-00010977 No one will torture anybody !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00032-00010977-00011140 If we can’t have any more humor.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00033-00011140-00011476 Mister Saladin, why steal all those letters ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00034-00011608-00011859 Steal all those letters... e-A-l
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00035-00011887-00012058 Sorry your Honor ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00036-00012060-00012194 I’m talking to Veronique.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00037-00012232-00012508 Sorry your Honor, I will correct it right away.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00038-00012544-00012816 So, mister Saladin, why steal these letters ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00039-00013344-00013405 Dussilo ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00040-00013419-00013472 Yes ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00041-00013475-00013630 How long before a confession ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00042-00013634-00013794 Depends on the size of the pliers.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00043-00013797-00014024 God, i’m begging you mister Saladin, talk !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00044-00014229-00014362 Will you finally talk !!!
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00045-00014388-00014753 Or would you like us to send you to  prison for pedophilia in the nazi section ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00046-00014754-00014922 I can’t handle violence.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00047-00014922-00015016 Me neither !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00048-00015016-00015258 I am a man of few words you know.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00049-00015258-00015430 It may be a great quality.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00050-00015456-00015918 Mister Saladin, you should talk,   otherwise, i will send you straight to prison !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00051-00015918-00016097 I don’t know what to say…
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00052-00016097-00016380 Why did you steal letters and keep one ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00053-00016772-00016822 Bertin ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00054-00016854-00016965 Can you enlighten us ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00055-00016968-00017157 Yes, thank you your Honor !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00056-00017316-00017812 My client only stole letters with handwritten  address, the senders address behind,
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00057-00017812-00018048 they have been fixed then redistributed.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00058-00018048-00018160 In very bad shape !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00059-00018160-00018643 There has been no premeditation because the  whole street has been the place of his crime.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00060-00018645-00019013 Aggravating circumstances, the  complaints don’t stop since yesterday !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00061-00019013-00019284 So they have all been redistributed in the mailboxes….
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00062-00019285-00019330 Not all !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00063-00019332-00019758 Yes, we have one left. You are going to  let me do my job, you shouldn't be here !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00064-00019758-00020188 Mister Saladin, could you explain  why you kept that last letter?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00065-00020652-00020705 Mister ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00066-00020705-00020835 could you enlighten me ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00067-00020835-00020945 Thank you your Honor !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00068-00021079-00021184 Unfortunately, no.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00069-00021392-00021732 Mister Saladin, I'll give you  the opportunity to explain yourself.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00070-00021734-00022051 You've never been sentenced,   you are a neighbour with no history.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00071-00022051-00022107 As many !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00072-00022108-00022331 Oh please ! We are not talking to a murderer !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00073-00022331-00022556 Ted Bundy was known to be a perfect neighbour !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00074-00022556-00022909 Let's not exaggerate. Please show  me the letter in question Veronique.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00075-00022988-00023330 Sealed on D7 side : receiver’s address is erased.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00076-00023644-00023691 Well !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00077-00023818-00024033 Is it a letter for a friend ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00078-00024124-00024279 Someone in your family ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00079-00024429-00024730 You had something important  to say and you chickened out?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00080-00024774-00025001 I...don’t know if“chicking out” is the right term…
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00081-00025001-00025201 No, please, don’t open it !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00082-00025201-00025401 It’s a chronicle of my actions.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00083-00025444-00025683 I am not satisfied with the style.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00084-00025758-00025844 Jack the ripper !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00085-00025864-00025995 He is old fashioned also !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00086-00025995-00026216 What are you saying in this letter ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00087-00026216-00026300 My confession.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00088-00026300-00026429 So common !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00089-00026433-00026752 It’s exactly what i thought.  That’s why i wanted to get it back,
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00090-00026752-00026956 But i wrote the wrong address...
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00091-00026956-00027006 Well !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00092-00027006-00027445 We will send you to prison. You do 15 years and we forget about it.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00093-00027445-00027658 So, no, i’m not really willing to go to prison.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00094-00027733-00027948 Oh but you are not the one to decide ! Bertin !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00095-00027950-00028293 Of course, but i also have to defend him so...
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00096-00028293-00028461 You have to defend him from... ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00097-00028461-00028560 Well...
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00098-00028697-00028942 I confess my ignorance here your Honor.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00099-00028942-00029142 Well, it took you long enough !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00100-00029224-00029414 Are you from the village of “Pas” ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00101-00029452-00029725 Yes, i had a little school over there...
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00102-00029725-00030177 But it closed. I was the teacher.  I hope it will reopen one day….
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00103-00030177-00030375 I work there…
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00104-00030375-00030954 Yes. there has been a few strange  phenomenons since the school closed hasn't there?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00105-00030956-00031219 Two or three !   Nothing to do with my client !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00106-00031243-00031686 Yes, the police went to the   school but i wasn’t able to help them.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00107-00031686-00031918 So what actions do you blame yourself for ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00108-00032895-00032943 Well !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00109-00033008-00033172 I will have to open this letter.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00110-00034172-00034240 Your Honor ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00111-00034240-00034669 Idiot, we could have enlightened all  this story.Twenty years of prison, firm.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00112-00034669-00034869 But...But… The trial your honour?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00113-00034869-00035069 No trial ! We will speed things up a little !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00114-00035069-00035442 But… But… isn’t the sentence a little severe ?
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00115-00035442-00035578 Severe ?! stealing !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00116-00035578-00036058 Article 311 of the penal code, states that stealing  is the fraudulent substraction of ones belonging !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00117-00036059-00036248 Hindrance towards the exercise of justice !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00118-00036248-00036734 Article 434-8 of the penal code, states that all menace or all ...
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00119-00036734-00037662 of intimidation committed to a magistrate, a juror or any person...
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00120-00037662-00037886 Thank you Veronique, it’s perfect it will do!
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00121-00037915-00038136 Ingestion of a sealed D7 side !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00122-00038136-00038356 And letter confessing his crimes.
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00123-00038356-00038528 But... we know nothing !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00124-00038528-00038976 Dussilo is totally bendable but he’s got instinct.  and you have subscribed to undefendable cases !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00125-00038976-00039225 If i may your honour,
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00126-00039298-00039513 without proof, I didn’t think…
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00127-00039513-00039644 I beg your pardon !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00128-00039644-00040076 5 minutes ago you were talking of Ted Bundyn,   and now, Mister Prosecutor get cold feet !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00129-00040078-00040272 You are taking me by surprise here !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00130-00040368-00040472 Back to it !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00131-00040590-00040965 20 years of prison,firm.   Next case. Get out of my office !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00132-00040965-00041061 But.. But…
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00133-00041061-00041136 Get out !!!
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00134-00041729-00041884 And take this man !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00135-00042523-00042652 You are delicious !
oUZ5xSVNC8g-00136-00042790-00042960 I wish I had you as a pupil.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00000-00000151-00000591 Hello and welcome to our workshop on the translation and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00001-00000591-00001024 adaptation of psychological instruments such as scales,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00002-00001024-00001526 tests, questionnaires and other materials we use when conducting
oYt2bXZKhmU-00003-00001526-00001657 research studies.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00004-00001762-00002214 If you have ever participated in large projects where data
oYt2bXZKhmU-00005-00002214-00002643 collection happens in many countries at once, or if you
oYt2bXZKhmU-00006-00002643-00003133 ever plan to participate in such projects in the future, either
oYt2bXZKhmU-00007-00003133-00003593 as a project lead translation coordinator or a collaborator
oYt2bXZKhmU-00008-00003593-00004046 collecting data in their own country, you are in the right
oYt2bXZKhmU-00009-00004046-00004092 place.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00010-00004344-00004777 We will first talk about how instrument translation and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00011-00004777-00005234 adaptation is a hidden challenge of Big Team collaborative
oYt2bXZKhmU-00012-00005234-00005296 science.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00013-00005381-00005798 And then we will provide you with tools and resources to ease
oYt2bXZKhmU-00014-00005798-00005946 you into this process.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00015-00006164-00006529 We will provide an overview of the main phases.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00016-00006611-00007011 That we undertake when we want to construct a novel instrument.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00017-00007159-00007636 And then we will dive into the topic of instrument translation
oYt2bXZKhmU-00018-00007636-00008099 and adaptation. We will discuss the difference between these
oYt2bXZKhmU-00019-00008099-00008501 terms, why measurement equivalence is important, the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00020-00008501-00008744 cost and benefits of adaptation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00021-00008835-00009274 We will also introduce you to three popular translation
oYt2bXZKhmU-00022-00009274-00009745 methods, and throughout the workshop we'll provide you with
oYt2bXZKhmU-00023-00009745-00010153 concrete examples from our own research experience.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00024-00010325-00010540 The last workshop section.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00025-00010626-00011065 Will be dedicated to how you should properly manage your
oYt2bXZKhmU-00026-00011065-00011536 translation files. We will talk about where to find existing
oYt2bXZKhmU-00027-00011536-00012014 instrument translations, how to store your own translation so
oYt2bXZKhmU-00028-00012014-00012400 that they are kept safe, properly documented, and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00029-00012400-00012886 available to other researchers who might want to reuse them in
oYt2bXZKhmU-00030-00012886-00012970 the future.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00031-00013108-00013478 But first, let us introduce ourselves.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00032-00013580-00014078 My name is Alexandra Lazich. I'm a PhD candidate and research
oYt2bXZKhmU-00033-00014078-00014569 assistant at the University of Belgrade in Serbia, I explore
oYt2bXZKhmU-00034-00014569-00015044 how people make vaccination decisions and how we can apply
oYt2bXZKhmU-00035-00015044-00015543 psychological insights to public Health Communication. I am a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00036-00015543-00015961 member at the Laboratory for research of individual
oYt2bXZKhmU-00037-00015961-00016388 differences, and I have participated in a few victim
oYt2bXZKhmU-00038-00016388-00016525 science projects.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00039-00016591-00017033 I'm also passionate about open science. I'm especially proud of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00040-00017033-00017440 our Open Access repository of psychological instruments in
oYt2bXZKhmU-00041-00017440-00017834 Serbian that I co-founded together with my colleagues at
oYt2bXZKhmU-00042-00017834-00017890 the lab.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00043-00017958-00018320 I'll talk a bit more about that towards the end of the workshop.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00044-00018496-00018832 And the hollow from me as well to everyone, wherever and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00045-00018832-00019039 whenever you're listening to this.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00046-00019110-00019458 My name is Danica Purich and I'm currently an assistant professor
oYt2bXZKhmU-00047-00019458-00019760 at the Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00048-00019833-00020190 I teach psychometrics and a little bit of multivariate
oYt2bXZKhmU-00049-00020190-00020574 statistics, and my primary field of research interests are
oYt2bXZKhmU-00050-00020574-00020938 personality and cognition, with the focus on individual
oYt2bXZKhmU-00051-00020938-00021016 differences.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00052-00021143-00021503 I'm also a member of the Laboratory for Research of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00053-00021503-00021898 Individual Differences, which makes sense considering my
oYt2bXZKhmU-00054-00021898-00022030 research interests.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00055-00022183-00022614 Among my research interests are also open science, and I have
oYt2bXZKhmU-00056-00022614-00022941 taken part in several big team collaborations.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00057-00023061-00023517 Now in the next couple of minutes, Alexander will give you
oYt2bXZKhmU-00058-00023517-00023920 an introduction on Big Team Science and some of its
oYt2bXZKhmU-00059-00023920-00024338 challenges and then I will talk a bit about the test,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00060-00024338-00024764 construction and adaptation. Then then we will jointly
oYt2bXZKhmU-00061-00024764-00025035 discuss the issues of translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00062-00025206-00025564 So let's first talk a bit about big team signs.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00063-00025654-00026046 These large, collaborative projects grew in popularity in
oYt2bXZKhmU-00064-00026046-00026358 response to the so-called replication crisis.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00065-00026454-00026946 This crisis reveals some issues in psychological science, such
oYt2bXZKhmU-00066-00026946-00027439 as problematic flexibility in data analysis, publication bias,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00067-00027439-00027877 and low replicability of research findings, which means
oYt2bXZKhmU-00068-00027877-00028323 that study often could not arrive at the same scientific
oYt2bXZKhmU-00069-00028323-00028527 findings as another study.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00070-00028623-00029142 So in response to this crisis, victim science projects became
oYt2bXZKhmU-00071-00029142-00029252 more popular.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00072-00029354-00029800 They are worldwide projects involving collaboration of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00073-00029800-00030310 dozens of researchers. They also typically involve large scale
oYt2bXZKhmU-00074-00030310-00030756 and geographically distributed data collection or data
oYt2bXZKhmU-00075-00030756-00031138 collection in many countries around the globe.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00076-00031285-00031787 Victim science has brought about undeniable benefits. It pushes
oYt2bXZKhmU-00077-00031787-00032203 psychology to become more progressive, inclusive and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00078-00032203-00032274 rigorous.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00079-00032357-00032826 And it makes findings more reliable and generalizable, so
oYt2bXZKhmU-00080-00032826-00033337 findings become more useful to broader, more diverse groups of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00081-00033337-00033394 people.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00082-00033534-00033943 Also, thanks to the Internet, online collaboration is
oYt2bXZKhmU-00083-00033943-00034391 possible, so geographical distance is less of a barrier to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00084-00034391-00034839 calibration, and science and project participation is more
oYt2bXZKhmU-00085-00034839-00035294 accessible to students and researchers from less privileged
oYt2bXZKhmU-00086-00035294-00035393 institutions.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00087-00035642-00036027 Across many fields of psychology, many research teams
oYt2bXZKhmU-00088-00036027-00036456 from many institutions have contributed to large scale data
oYt2bXZKhmU-00089-00036456-00036535 collection.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00090-00036616-00037004 Some of those initiatives and networks are the many lab
oYt2bXZKhmU-00091-00037004-00037387 projects, many babies cytological science accelerator.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00092-00037387-00037644 And there have been many, many more.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00093-00037762-00038234 There was also an unprecedented rise in multinational studies
oYt2bXZKhmU-00094-00038234-00038432 during the COVID pandemic.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00095-00038524-00038990 Researchers worldwide got together and had to organize and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00096-00038990-00039424 run studies quickly and efficiently so that they could
oYt2bXZKhmU-00097-00039424-00039914 address some burning issues such as vaccination, adoption and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00098-00039914-00040025 mental health.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00099-00040115-00040594 Victim science is not as easy as it might look from the outside.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00100-00040682-00041156 Behind those impressive abstracts you often see saying
oYt2bXZKhmU-00101-00041156-00041673 that a study was conducted in, for example, 40 countries or
oYt2bXZKhmU-00102-00041673-00042182 with 11,000 participants is often a lot of hidden red tape
oYt2bXZKhmU-00103-00042182-00042303 and paperwork.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00104-00042394-00042991 For example, hundreds of ethics approvals and 10s of translated
oYt2bXZKhmU-00105-00042991-00043253 versions of study materials.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00106-00043350-00043845 And this means that introducing even small revisions to the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00107-00043845-00044365 methods can turn into massive amounts of work. For example, if
oYt2bXZKhmU-00108-00044365-00044869 you decide to add a new question about employment or race, a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00109-00044869-00045331 large number of collaborators would have to seek ethics
oYt2bXZKhmU-00110-00045331-00045851 approvals again, and translation teams would have to translate
oYt2bXZKhmU-00111-00045851-00046272 new materials, and online surveys would have to be
oYt2bXZKhmU-00112-00046272-00046338 updated.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00113-00046366-00046502 And we piloted.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00114-00046721-00047153 So victim science projects are not without their challenges.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00115-00047234-00047658 And one of the big barriers is a lack of funding.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00116-00047801-00048121 Especially projects don't have any official funding.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00117-00048220-00048712 And they often rely on collaborators having to self
oYt2bXZKhmU-00118-00048712-00049234 organize and pull and donate their time and resources.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00119-00049369-00049797 Also, researchers who participate in victim science
oYt2bXZKhmU-00120-00049797-00050266 often have little formal training in project management,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00121-00050266-00050736 human resource management, data management, translation,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00122-00050736-00051016 coordination, survey programming.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00123-00051118-00051616 And all of these tasks and roles are highly skilled, but we often
oYt2bXZKhmU-00124-00051616-00052069 fail to place enough value on these types of contributions.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00125-00052158-00052592 For example, translating instruments or making the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00126-00052592-00053070 materials Open Access is necessary to produce signs, so
oYt2bXZKhmU-00127-00053070-00053574 we need to make them more visible and more recognized than
oYt2bXZKhmU-00128-00053574-00053685 they are now.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00129-00053837-00054263 If we turn to instrument translation specifically, they
oYt2bXZKhmU-00130-00054263-00054697 also present a barrier. They are crucial when recruiting
oYt2bXZKhmU-00131-00054697-00055130 participants who come from different parts of the world.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00132-00055130-00055602 However, translated measures are often simply unavailable, so
oYt2bXZKhmU-00133-00055602-00056059 researchers from non-english speaking countries are usually
oYt2bXZKhmU-00134-00056059-00056501 responsible for this time consuming aspect of translating
oYt2bXZKhmU-00135-00056501-00056623 study materials.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00136-00056749-00057241 And not just this aspect, but also all of the other barriers I
oYt2bXZKhmU-00137-00057241-00057695 talked about are especially found by researchers from the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00138-00057695-00057913 global S and Eastern Europe.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00139-00057989-00058412 So we hope that this workshop will contribute at least a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00140-00058412-00058857 little to overcoming these barriers. Now that we know which
oYt2bXZKhmU-00141-00058857-00059288 barriers are often present in conducting big team science
oYt2bXZKhmU-00142-00059288-00059770 projects, we're going to take a bit of a step back and talk more
oYt2bXZKhmU-00143-00059770-00060090 about the process of of test construction.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00144-00060166-00060497 Actually, we will get to the process of test adaptation and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00145-00060497-00060850 translation later, but in order to understand it fully, we need
oYt2bXZKhmU-00146-00060850-00061176 to understand how a test is constructed when we just start
oYt2bXZKhmU-00147-00061176-00061248 from scratch.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00148-00061316-00061764 So different authors pretty much identify the same stages in this
oYt2bXZKhmU-00149-00061764-00062137 process, and we will now go through them sequentially.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00150-00062269-00062676 So we first plan a test, create the first draft version, then
oYt2bXZKhmU-00151-00062676-00063071 conduct a pilot study, evaluate the test, typically through
oYt2bXZKhmU-00152-00063071-00063486 doing an item analysis, and then create a final version of the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00153-00063486-00063755 test and we will illustrate all of this.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00154-00063908-00064443 Through an example of a test, or actually a questionnaire that is
oYt2bXZKhmU-00155-00064443-00064955 intended to measure traditional, complementary and alternative
oYt2bXZKhmU-00156-00064955-00065466 medicine practices. That is, how often, or actually rather, do
oYt2bXZKhmU-00157-00065466-00065954 people engage in practices such as homeopathy, acupuncture,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00158-00065954-00066003 Reiki?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00159-00066121-00066631 I don't know herbal drinking herbal teas or taking
oYt2bXZKhmU-00160-00066631-00066852 supplements and so on.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00161-00066923-00067341 And this item construction is actually part of a bigger
oYt2bXZKhmU-00162-00067341-00067826 project that both Alexandra and I are involved in with. It's the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00163-00067826-00068266 reason for health project which examines the relationship.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00164-00068336-00068567 Of, uh, health behaviors with.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00165-00068692-00069176 Some personality characteristics and we assume that the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00166-00069176-00069721 relationship is mediated by an irrational mindset. So let's go
oYt2bXZKhmU-00167-00069721-00069886 through the stages.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00168-00069966-00070428 The first stage is planning the test, and that typically means
oYt2bXZKhmU-00169-00070428-00070897 we first need to recognize that a new test is needed. So we are
oYt2bXZKhmU-00170-00070897-00071345 we first need to know what is the construct we're interested
oYt2bXZKhmU-00171-00071345-00071771 in and look at the previous literature. What can we find?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00172-00071771-00072204 What has been done on this topic already? What is missing?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00173-00072292-00072624 How are we gonna operate operationally, define the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00174-00072624-00073036 construct, what is the target population and so on. So when we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00175-00073036-00073408 were working on this instrument, we realized that mostly
oYt2bXZKhmU-00176-00073408-00073767 inventories that target traditional, complementary and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00177-00073767-00074132 alternative practices actually just target participants
oYt2bXZKhmU-00178-00074132-00074504 attitudes towards them, not actual behavior. And we also
oYt2bXZKhmU-00179-00074504-00074915 needed an instrument that would be appropriate for the Serbian
oYt2bXZKhmU-00180-00074915-00075288 population because there are some traditional practices.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00181-00075296-00075710 That are typical for the Serbian and Balkans region that may not
oYt2bXZKhmU-00182-00075710-00076112 be appropriate for some other regions. So we just wanted to be
oYt2bXZKhmU-00183-00076112-00076514 sure to include them as well and that's why we thought that we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00184-00076514-00076890 would be better off making a new instrument than taking or
oYt2bXZKhmU-00185-00076890-00077298 adapting an existing one. So we started from the very beginning
oYt2bXZKhmU-00186-00077298-00077681 and our target population was the the general population of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00187-00077681-00077726 Serbia.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00188-00077829-00078258 So in creating the first draft, this is like the most creative
oYt2bXZKhmU-00189-00078258-00078667 part of the process. Probably. We need to, of course, first
oYt2bXZKhmU-00190-00078667-00079082 decide what will be the format of our items. Are we going to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00191-00079082-00079457 ask participants open-ended questions? Are we going to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00192-00079457-00079900 provide them with a scale? What will be the scale of options? In
oYt2bXZKhmU-00193-00079900-00080309 which order will we present items to participants? How will
oYt2bXZKhmU-00194-00080309-00080738 we then later score them? And so on. And of course, we need to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00195-00080738-00080867 come up with items.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00196-00080879-00081363 So for creating the inventory of TCAM practices, this was really
oYt2bXZKhmU-00197-00081363-00081848 a very interesting phase because we actually learned about a lot
oYt2bXZKhmU-00198-00081848-00082311 of new practices that we hadn't heard about before. So we had
oYt2bXZKhmU-00199-00082311-00082788 taken information from several sources to help us create a good
oYt2bXZKhmU-00200-00082788-00083138 instrument. We of course reviewed the existing
oYt2bXZKhmU-00201-00083138-00083586 literature. We also performed media content analysis. So we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00202-00083586-00083952 identified which traditional, complementary and.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00203-00083961-00084444 Alternative practices were, let's say, promoted in media. We
oYt2bXZKhmU-00204-00084444-00084958 also held two focus groups with stakeholders. Those were members
oYt2bXZKhmU-00205-00084958-00085354 of the official medical branches, in other words,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00206-00085354-00085877 medical doctors, and another one was conducted with practitioners
oYt2bXZKhmU-00207-00085877-00086313 of traditional complementary and alternative medicine.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00208-00086401-00086932 We opted for a checklist with several time frame options which
oYt2bXZKhmU-00209-00086932-00087421 I will show you on the next slide, and we ended up with a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00210-00087421-00087572 total of 71 items.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00211-00087658-00088177 Which were ordered in line with theoretical modalities like for
oYt2bXZKhmU-00212-00088177-00088639 example, we first presented items related to alternative
oYt2bXZKhmU-00213-00088639-00089118 systems, then mind the body practices and bioenergetic and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00214-00089118-00089167 so on.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00215-00089281-00089593 So the instrument looked a bit like this, only there were a lot
oYt2bXZKhmU-00216-00089593-00089647 more items.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00217-00089767-00090105 We asked participants whether they've heard about the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00218-00090105-00090488 practice, whether they had heard about it but never used it.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00219-00090648-00090984 And if they use it when they have used it over a year ago, in
oYt2bXZKhmU-00220-00090984-00091224 the past year or during the past few weeks?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00221-00091290-00091654 This was important to us because we wanted to assess at the same
oYt2bXZKhmU-00222-00091654-00091950 time the familiarity of different practices and also
oYt2bXZKhmU-00223-00091950-00092018 their youth.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00224-00092086-00092441 And since in the project we're planning to have ambulatory
oYt2bXZKhmU-00225-00092441-00092839 assessment as well, we needed to see which practices would be the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00226-00092839-00093207 most appropriate for this type of assessment. So we had this
oYt2bXZKhmU-00227-00093207-00093538 last category, whether participants used a practice in
oYt2bXZKhmU-00228-00093538-00093653 the past two weeks.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00229-00093750-00094150 So this is like just an example of of the items that we had.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00230-00094304-00094775 After we have completed the work on the pilot version of the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00231-00094775-00095277 preliminary draft version of the instrument, we go to conducting
oYt2bXZKhmU-00232-00095277-00095386 a pilot study.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00233-00095471-00095869 That means that we administer this first version of the test
oYt2bXZKhmU-00234-00095869-00096066 to a pilot convenience sample.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00235-00096188-00096582 What is important is that the sample is of course comparable
oYt2bXZKhmU-00236-00096582-00096989 to the target population. So if we're if we want to administer
oYt2bXZKhmU-00237-00096989-00097338 the test to a population of adults, then we shouldn't
oYt2bXZKhmU-00238-00097338-00097765 administer the pilot to children or vice versa. And of course, we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00239-00097765-00098159 need to have a sufficient number of participants. Typically,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00240-00098159-00098534 because we want to do some factor analysis, we would like
oYt2bXZKhmU-00241-00098534-00098947 to have five to 10 times as many participants as we have items.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00242-00099047-00099164 In the.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00243-00099291-00099433 And the instrument?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00244-00099523-00099983 Of course it can sometimes be a bit smaller, but this is the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00245-00099983-00100097 optimal number.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00246-00100213-00100652 So we have pre registered the pilot study that we wanted to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00247-00100652-00101055 do. We used a snowball convenience sample and we tried
oYt2bXZKhmU-00248-00101055-00101473 to recruit participants from different age groups and of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00249-00101473-00101913 different education, which we partly succeeded in doing and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00250-00101913-00102059 our final sample is.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00251-00102177-00102551 583 participants from the general population.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00252-00102718-00103175 After this stage, we go to the item analysis stage.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00253-00103255-00103645 Where we check the metric properties of both items and the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00254-00103645-00103990 full scale, we look at how frequent, how frequently
oYt2bXZKhmU-00255-00103990-00104401 participants endorsed certain options, whether some items are
oYt2bXZKhmU-00256-00104401-00104811 too easy or too difficult. In this case it would be that some
oYt2bXZKhmU-00257-00104811-00105242 items are just too infrequent or too frequent, like if nobody is
oYt2bXZKhmU-00258-00105242-00105640 using it, or if everybody is using some practice, then it's
oYt2bXZKhmU-00259-00105640-00106051 just not very informative in terms of individual differences.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00260-00106135-00106611 We also look at reliability, we look at the factory structure
oYt2bXZKhmU-00261-00106611-00106903 and so on and this process typically.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00262-00107031-00107434 Involves an iterative process where we go through this from
oYt2bXZKhmU-00263-00107434-00107865 different points of view where we try removing some items. Then
oYt2bXZKhmU-00264-00107865-00108283 maybe we see, OK, we shouldn't remove this one, let's take it
oYt2bXZKhmU-00265-00108283-00108714 back and let's remove some other items until we finally reach a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00266-00108714-00109004 version of the test which is satisfactory.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00267-00109085-00109613 As for the example we've been using, we're currently in this
oYt2bXZKhmU-00268-00109613-00110175 stage at the time of recording, so hopefully we will have a nice
oYt2bXZKhmU-00269-00110175-00110642 set of items for the final version. We are looking to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00270-00110642-00110867 shorten these instruments.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00271-00110982-00111504 And we are thinking about having about around 20 items because 71
oYt2bXZKhmU-00272-00111504-00111869 is quite a lot and it takes a lot of time so.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00273-00111948-00112308 And the results are quite promising in that even with a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00274-00112308-00112713 smaller number of items, we can practically capture all of the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00275-00112713-00112841 variants of of them.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00276-00112933-00113119 Variance of the whole scale.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00277-00113282-00113689 So after we've gone through this process.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00278-00113772-00113963 Of deleting items.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00279-00114035-00114133 We just.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00280-00114330-00114731 Create the final version of the instrument, and of course the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00281-00114731-00115132 goal is for that to have the best possible metric properties.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00282-00115240-00115630 Sometimes also you forgot to mention we need to modify some
oYt2bXZKhmU-00283-00115630-00115955 items. If we see that they weren't maybe clear to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00284-00115955-00116352 participants if we think they misunderstood what we meant by
oYt2bXZKhmU-00285-00116352-00116769 an item, or maybe we decide to merge some items. If we have one
oYt2bXZKhmU-00286-00116769-00117172 that is fairly frequent and one that is and frequent and they
oYt2bXZKhmU-00287-00117172-00117582 refer to similar practices, we can also merge them and through
oYt2bXZKhmU-00288-00117582-00117804 that we create the final version.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00289-00117957-00118206 And that is also in progress.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00290-00118417-00118825 So I first mentioned these 5 stages in the process of test
oYt2bXZKhmU-00291-00118825-00119233 construction, but there are actually some things that come
oYt2bXZKhmU-00292-00119233-00119620 later. So one thing is standardizing the test. And that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00293-00119620-00120042 means we need to administer the final revised version of the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00294-00120042-00120444 test to a standardization sample, which is also typically
oYt2bXZKhmU-00295-00120444-00120859 used to obtain norms, which means that the sample should be
oYt2bXZKhmU-00296-00120859-00121315 representative of the population that we want to assess with this
oYt2bXZKhmU-00297-00121315-00121377 test and.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00298-00121388-00121561 Later stages.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00299-00121749-00122116 We do plan to have a representative sample in.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00300-00122183-00122573 One of the later stages of the project, so hopefully we will
oYt2bXZKhmU-00301-00122573-00122994 also be able to use that data to maybe provide some norms for the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00302-00122994-00123160 test that we are creating.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00303-00123252-00123648 And of course, what is also really important is to document
oYt2bXZKhmU-00304-00123648-00124031 this process. Typically we either create a test manual or
oYt2bXZKhmU-00305-00124031-00124408 publish a journal article or do both of those things, or
oYt2bXZKhmU-00306-00124408-00124830 whatever just creates some sort of publication where we explain
oYt2bXZKhmU-00307-00124830-00125253 to the users of the test how to administer it, how to score it,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00308-00125253-00125518 and anything else that may be relevant.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00309-00125701-00126068 And yes, of course, for this example that we've been using,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00310-00126068-00126252 we do have a manuscript plant.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00311-00126441-00126835 So we've just gone through these stages of test construction
oYt2bXZKhmU-00312-00126835-00127237 briefly because what we're more interested in is what happens
oYt2bXZKhmU-00313-00127237-00127632 next. So we've created a test and we've demonstrated that it
oYt2bXZKhmU-00314-00127632-00127923 has good metric properties that can be used.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00315-00127995-00128449 So then we can start using it. That's that's what we want to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00316-00128449-00128917 do. And often there's a need to use the test, as we've seen in
oYt2bXZKhmU-00317-00128917-00129364 different contexts to those where it was developed for, and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00318-00129364-00129825 we are specifically interested in situations where we want to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00319-00129825-00130213 use the test in different languages or in different
oYt2bXZKhmU-00320-00130213-00130279 cultures.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00321-00130391-00130901 And that is where we come to the topic of translation and or
oYt2bXZKhmU-00322-00130901-00130994 adaptation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00323-00131319-00131657 What is the difference between translation and adaptation?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00324-00131793-00132181 Typically, translation can be seen as one stage of the whole
oYt2bXZKhmU-00325-00132181-00132302 adaptation process.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00326-00132387-00132813 And translation is considered to only be concerned with
oYt2bXZKhmU-00327-00132813-00133277 linguistic equivalence, whereas adaptation is concerned also
oYt2bXZKhmU-00328-00133277-00133742 with cultural equivalence. So if we were to graphically show
oYt2bXZKhmU-00329-00133742-00134214 this, sorry, it would look like this, where we have a smaller
oYt2bXZKhmU-00330-00134214-00134686 circle representing translation within a a bigger circle that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00331-00134686-00135166 refers to adaptation. However, the line between the two is not
oYt2bXZKhmU-00332-00135166-00135372 always the code that clear.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00333-00135392-00135854 And the relative size of these circles will not always be the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00334-00135854-00136331 same. So sometimes translation will be a very small part of the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00335-00136331-00136756 adaptation process, but sometimes there will be a lot of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00336-00136756-00136883 work invested in.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00337-00137061-00137498 Let's say doing a good quality translation that will then be
oYt2bXZKhmU-00338-00137498-00137921 very similar to what actually we would call an adaptation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00339-00137991-00138447 So a first decision that we're typically met with is do we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00340-00138447-00138927 really need to do an adaptation or can we just translate this
oYt2bXZKhmU-00341-00138927-00139013 instrument?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00342-00139109-00139673 And the conservative approach would be that pretty much in any
oYt2bXZKhmU-00343-00139673-00140194 situation, the answer is we need to do an adaptation. So.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00344-00140278-00140710 Burns says that a translation is adequate if and only if we are
oYt2bXZKhmU-00345-00140710-00141137 absolutely sure that there is a perfect alignment between both
oYt2bXZKhmU-00346-00141137-00141542 the measuring instrument and the construct it's designed to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00347-00141542-00141948 measure and the target country and the country where it was
oYt2bXZKhmU-00348-00141948-00142084 developed primarily.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00349-00142165-00142532 And the only way to know for sure that we have this type of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00350-00142532-00142923 equivalence is to test for it. And if we come back to what that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00351-00142923-00143308 means, we'll see that it pretty much entails the whole process
oYt2bXZKhmU-00352-00143308-00143419 of the adaptation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00353-00143544-00143950 So let's look at the stages in test adaptation. Now the first
oYt2bXZKhmU-00354-00143950-00144278 stage is selecting the instrument that we want to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00355-00144278-00144678 translate or adapt. Sorry, in this case only adapt. Then the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00356-00144678-00145058 second stage is translation. Next stage is pilot testing,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00357-00145058-00145445 then test validation. Then we have testing for measurement
oYt2bXZKhmU-00358-00145445-00145858 equivalence. We will talk a bit more about that later. Then we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00359-00145858-00146252 create the final version of the test, we standardize it and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00360-00146252-00146553 document the process. So maybe some of these.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00361-00146561-00146993 They just sound a bit familiar to you, because if we compare
oYt2bXZKhmU-00362-00146993-00147391 the stages of test construction with the stages of test
oYt2bXZKhmU-00363-00147391-00147788 adaptation, we can see that they correspond pretty much
oYt2bXZKhmU-00364-00147788-00147972 one-on-one to one another.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00365-00148033-00148368 So in the first stage, when we're constructing a new test,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00366-00148368-00148709 we plan the test. We realize that a test is needed and that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00367-00148709-00148982 there isn't an available test that can be used.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00368-00149051-00149402 And in test adaptation, we find a test that we think would be
oYt2bXZKhmU-00369-00149402-00149713 useful, but it's just not available for the population
oYt2bXZKhmU-00370-00149713-00149946 that we want to administer the test too.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00371-00150033-00150494 So that's the equivalence between the first two stages or
oYt2bXZKhmU-00372-00150494-00151003 sorry, the first stage in these two processes. Then in the test
oYt2bXZKhmU-00373-00151003-00151496 construction process we have creating the first draft version
oYt2bXZKhmU-00374-00151496-00151862 and when we're doing an adaptation, we do the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00375-00151862-00152324 translation. So again, we're dealing with items with item
oYt2bXZKhmU-00376-00152324-00152745 content and format and we will talk a lot more about
oYt2bXZKhmU-00377-00152745-00153072 translation later on. So I will just go.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00378-00153085-00153511 Briefly over it. Now then we have conducting a pilot study
oYt2bXZKhmU-00379-00153511-00153945 which is the same for both the processes. Then we have test
oYt2bXZKhmU-00380-00153945-00154415 evaluation item analysis. Again the same completely the same for
oYt2bXZKhmU-00381-00154415-00154813 both. Here in the test adaptation process we also have
oYt2bXZKhmU-00382-00154813-00155203 something called testing for measurement equivalence.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00383-00155270-00155674 Which is something we typically don't have when we're doing a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00384-00155674-00155883 test construction, unless we're.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00385-00156030-00156392 Creating a test that we know will be administered to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00386-00156392-00156817 different populations, or if we have subgroups that we expect
oYt2bXZKhmU-00387-00156817-00157235 might differ on a test, then we also might want to check for
oYt2bXZKhmU-00388-00157235-00157666 measurement equivalence even if we're not doing an adaptation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00389-00157666-00158029 So sometimes this can also be the same for both test
oYt2bXZKhmU-00390-00158029-00158468 construction and adaptation, but is something that is typically
oYt2bXZKhmU-00391-00158468-00158742 present in the test adaptation process.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00392-00158848-00159194 After we've gone through this, we can create the final version
oYt2bXZKhmU-00393-00159194-00159541 of the test and then afterwards we standardize it and document
oYt2bXZKhmU-00394-00159541-00159608 the process.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00395-00159777-00160187 So what is new now that we're talking about test adaptation?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00396-00160187-00160524 One thing is translation, and that is one of the.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00397-00160683-00161099 Let's say that will be one of the bigger parts of this talk,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00398-00161099-00161543 and another thing is testing for measurement equivalence. And we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00399-00161543-00161987 will start first with this just to explain what it is and why we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00400-00161987-00162145 need to think about it.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00401-00162307-00162639 So measurement equivalents, sometimes also called
oYt2bXZKhmU-00402-00162639-00163058 measurement invariance, means that the instrument has the same
oYt2bXZKhmU-00403-00163058-00163444 meaning and structure in different groups or at different
oYt2bXZKhmU-00404-00163444-00163850 time points, so it can be used in a number of situations. As
oYt2bXZKhmU-00405-00163850-00164249 I've already mentioned, it doesn't have to necessarily have
oYt2bXZKhmU-00406-00164249-00164668 to do anything with adaptations or translations. We can use it
oYt2bXZKhmU-00407-00164668-00165093 for different ethnic groups, we can use it to compare groups of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00408-00165093-00165227 different religions.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00409-00165302-00165689 Compare genders, or rather not to compare them at the onset,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00410-00165689-00166064 but to see whether the structure of the instrument and the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00411-00166064-00166477 meaning of items is the same in different groups. And of course,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00412-00166477-00166839 if we have a cross cultural research and we are using an
oYt2bXZKhmU-00413-00166839-00167258 instrument in different cultures and different countries, then we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00414-00167258-00167652 will also want to demonstrate that it behaves in the same way
oYt2bXZKhmU-00415-00167652-00167798 and all of our samples.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00416-00167891-00168212 And there are several levels of metric equivalents.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00417-00168353-00168730 Which are typically tested through structural equation
oYt2bXZKhmU-00418-00168730-00169141 modeling, or more specifically confirmatory factor analysis
oYt2bXZKhmU-00419-00169141-00169566 framework. We can also test for measurement invariance within
oYt2bXZKhmU-00420-00169566-00169991 the item response theory and then we're usually talking about
oYt2bXZKhmU-00421-00169991-00170403 differential item functioning, but we will now focus on the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00422-00170403-00170650 confirmatory factor analysis model.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00423-00170769-00171182 So the process looks. So it's the process also that has
oYt2bXZKhmU-00424-00171182-00171639 several stages. We start from a very, let's say, basic set of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00425-00171639-00172104 restrictions in the model and see whether the model fits well.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00426-00172104-00172570 If it does fit well, then we add another layer of constraints.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00427-00172637-00173103 And again, check whether adding these constraints significantly
oYt2bXZKhmU-00428-00173103-00173525 worsens model fit, or whether the model still fits fairly
oYt2bXZKhmU-00429-00173525-00173561 well.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00430-00173656-00174014 If the constraints worsen the fit significantly, then we just
oYt2bXZKhmU-00431-00174014-00174379 conclude that that's where we stop and we haven't demonstrated
oYt2bXZKhmU-00432-00174379-00174709 that next level of metric invariance. However, if we see
oYt2bXZKhmU-00433-00174709-00175068 that the model that is still good, then we can move on to the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00434-00175068-00175242 next stage and the next stage.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00435-00175342-00175816 And we will now illustrate all of this through an example. We
oYt2bXZKhmU-00436-00175816-00176313 will be using the individualism collectivism scale, but with a a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00437-00176313-00176689 little disclaimer. The scale has four subscales.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00438-00176859-00177327 Collect horizontal and vertical collectivism and individualism.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00439-00177327-00177767 But for the purposes of this example, just to have a simple
oYt2bXZKhmU-00440-00177767-00178148 structure that we will be looking at, we will treat
oYt2bXZKhmU-00441-00178148-00178565 horizontal and vertical collectivism as part of a higher
oYt2bXZKhmU-00442-00178565-00178953 order collectivism factor, and we will disregard the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00443-00178953-00179378 individualism scales so the model will look like what you
oYt2bXZKhmU-00444-00179378-00179540 can see on the screen.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00445-00179617-00179986 And this is a scale that we have translated within, uh,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00446-00179986-00180328 psychological science accelerator project that deal
oYt2bXZKhmU-00447-00180328-00180487 with the moral thinking.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00448-00180652-00181132 So we already have a translation that we can use. So yeah. Also
oYt2bXZKhmU-00449-00181132-00181605 another thing which is a part of this disclaimer is we haven't
oYt2bXZKhmU-00450-00181605-00182056 actually done the measurement equivalence testing, so we're
oYt2bXZKhmU-00451-00182056-00182544 just using the instrument as an example. So any numbers that you
oYt2bXZKhmU-00452-00182544-00183002 will see on the following slides are simply for illustration
oYt2bXZKhmU-00453-00183002-00183070 purposes.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00454-00183217-00183696 The first level of invariance or measurement equality is
oYt2bXZKhmU-00455-00183696-00183882 configural invariance.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00456-00183952-00184347 Which means that the model has the same structure in two or
oYt2bXZKhmU-00457-00184347-00184756 more groups, however many we have. Which basically means that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00458-00184756-00185118 the construct has the same dimension dimensions and is
oYt2bXZKhmU-00459-00185118-00185547 manifested by the same behaviors in both samples or through your
oYt2bXZKhmU-00460-00185547-00185633 more samples.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00461-00185915-00186343 So if we go back to this structural model, structural
oYt2bXZKhmU-00462-00186343-00186803 invariance means that in both the English and the Serbian
oYt2bXZKhmU-00463-00186803-00187247 language, horizontal and vertical collectivism are part
oYt2bXZKhmU-00464-00187247-00187763 of the higher order collectivism factor. And also we assume that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00465-00187763-00188223 each of these lower order factors has four items and that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00466-00188223-00188675 each of the items has only loadings on its corresponding
oYt2bXZKhmU-00467-00188675-00188906 factor and no cross loadings.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00468-00188937-00189070 So what is here?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00469-00189195-00189576 Highlighted in red is the structure of this model, which
oYt2bXZKhmU-00470-00189576-00189857 we assume to be identical in both groups.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00471-00189936-00189989 So.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00472-00190058-00190493 First what we do is we estimate this model on the whole sample
oYt2bXZKhmU-00473-00190493-00190921 and then we say, OK, now let's test whether the model is same
oYt2bXZKhmU-00474-00190921-00191060 in these two groups.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00475-00191199-00191663 If we demonstrate configural invariance, that is to say, if
oYt2bXZKhmU-00476-00191663-00192104 we demonstrate that the model really is the same in both
oYt2bXZKhmU-00477-00192104-00192599 groups, then we can move on to demonstrating metric invariance,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00478-00192599-00193086 which refers to item loadings being the same in these multiple
oYt2bXZKhmU-00479-00193086-00193465 groups that we have. And this means, in terms of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00480-00193465-00193914 interpretation, that all of these behaviors and items are
oYt2bXZKhmU-00481-00193914-00194193 equally relevant for the construct.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00482-00194270-00194625 So again, made-up numbers just for illustration purposes.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00483-00194761-00195148 We would need all of the loadings to be the same in both
oYt2bXZKhmU-00484-00195148-00195589 groups. But what what does this mean? For example, if we look at
oYt2bXZKhmU-00485-00195589-00196010 this item, parents and children must stay together as much as
oYt2bXZKhmU-00486-00196010-00196072 possible.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00487-00196193-00196662 We assume, if we want to show metric invariance, that this
oYt2bXZKhmU-00488-00196662-00197083 item is an equally good represent of the factor that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00489-00197083-00197521 it's supposed to be a part of. So this item is equally
oYt2bXZKhmU-00490-00197521-00197935 important for vertical collectivism in both samples
oYt2bXZKhmU-00491-00197935-00198420 that completed the questionnaire in the English language and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00492-00198420-00198913 those who completed it in the Serbian language. Or rather, it
oYt2bXZKhmU-00493-00198913-00199167 should be the same in let's say.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00494-00199175-00199594 United the United States and Serbia. And the same goes for
oYt2bXZKhmU-00495-00199594-00199992 any of these items, so each of them needs to be equally
oYt2bXZKhmU-00496-00199992-00200192 important for the construct.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00497-00200266-00200703 In both or three or five groups, however many we have in a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00498-00200703-00200830 particular study.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00499-00200916-00201364 If we can demonstrate that this is indeed the case, then we can
oYt2bXZKhmU-00500-00201364-00201546 move on to the next stage.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00501-00201651-00202145 Scalar invariance, which assumes that item intercepts are also
oYt2bXZKhmU-00502-00202145-00202631 the same between groups. That means that any mean differences
oYt2bXZKhmU-00503-00202631-00203110 between items are actually the consequence of differences in
oYt2bXZKhmU-00504-00203110-00203526 latent factors, latent constructs, and not some item
oYt2bXZKhmU-00505-00203526-00203660 specific content.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00506-00203770-00204065 So again, maybe it will be easier if we go through an
oYt2bXZKhmU-00507-00204065-00204109 example.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00508-00204258-00204777 So, for example, this last item of of vertical collectivism. It
oYt2bXZKhmU-00509-00204777-00205257 is important to me that I respect the decisions made by my
oYt2bXZKhmU-00510-00205257-00205314 groups.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00511-00205396-00205850 If we find differences in the mean values of these of this
oYt2bXZKhmU-00512-00205850-00206342 item and the two groups, there are two possible explanations. 1
oYt2bXZKhmU-00513-00206342-00206796 explanation is that people in one group are just higher on
oYt2bXZKhmU-00514-00206796-00207288 vertical collectivism compared to the other group. But in order
oYt2bXZKhmU-00515-00207288-00207726 to be sure that that is the case, we need to demonstrate
oYt2bXZKhmU-00516-00207726-00208148 that it's not the other interpretation, which would be
oYt2bXZKhmU-00517-00208148-00208417 that people in one culture simply.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00518-00208427-00208839 Find endorse this item more frequently. Just agree with it
oYt2bXZKhmU-00519-00208839-00209251 more, and if they do agree with it more, then we would get
oYt2bXZKhmU-00520-00209251-00209691 different intercepts and these two models. If the Intercept is
oYt2bXZKhmU-00521-00209691-00210111 the same, that means we can compare groups on the levels of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00522-00210111-00210258 the latent construct.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00523-00210331-00210621 So that's what scalar invariance is.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00524-00210765-00211210 And finally this and this is the last step, which isn't always
oYt2bXZKhmU-00525-00211210-00211619 performed because it isn't necessary for comparing groups
oYt2bXZKhmU-00526-00211619-00212043 and the level of the latent variable. We can also check for
oYt2bXZKhmU-00527-00212043-00212171 residual variance.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00528-00212253-00212671 Uh, when we say residual, we mean error and specific variance
oYt2bXZKhmU-00529-00212671-00213097 taken together, which is again assumed to be equivalent across
oYt2bXZKhmU-00530-00213097-00213361 groups. So now we're looking at these.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00531-00213435-00213896 Uh, residual terms that are associated with each manifest
oYt2bXZKhmU-00532-00213896-00214373 variable in the model. And again, we are adding constraints
oYt2bXZKhmU-00533-00214373-00214850 to the model so that residual variances are the same across
oYt2bXZKhmU-00534-00214850-00215311 both groups. So in each of the models, we kept all of the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00535-00215311-00215812 restrictions and constraints of previous model and just add it
oYt2bXZKhmU-00536-00215812-00216250 on and build more and more constraints onto the model.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00537-00216332-00216738 And as I mentioned, of course it is possible that sometimes we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00538-00216738-00217125 just don't find evidence of equivalence at a certain level.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00539-00217291-00217696 So as we've seen, this is a step by step process where we add
oYt2bXZKhmU-00540-00217696-00218076 constraints to the model to demonstrate higher and higher
oYt2bXZKhmU-00541-00218076-00218364 levels of metric equivalence or invariance.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00542-00218519-00218903 As I've already mentioned, if we want to perform group lean
oYt2bXZKhmU-00543-00218903-00219268 comparisons, which we sometimes do not always, we should
oYt2bXZKhmU-00544-00219268-00219658 definitely test for structural metric and scalar invariants,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00545-00219658-00220004 and testing for residual invariance is not necessary.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00546-00220139-00220480 However, however, often it happens that we can only
oYt2bXZKhmU-00547-00220480-00220691 demonstrate partial equivalence.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00548-00220791-00221209 What does that mean? That means that, for example, we see that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00549-00221209-00221608 there are indeed differences in intercepts, but not for all
oYt2bXZKhmU-00550-00221608-00222021 items, maybe just for one or two items. Then we release these
oYt2bXZKhmU-00551-00222021-00222446 constraints and say, OK, we're constraining all of the loadings
oYt2bXZKhmU-00552-00222446-00222865 and all of the intercepts except for these two items to be the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00553-00222865-00223264 same across groups. And if we demonstrate that such a model
oYt2bXZKhmU-00554-00223264-00223670 fits well to the data, then we can say that we have provided
oYt2bXZKhmU-00555-00223670-00223750 evidence of.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00556-00223762-00223971 Partial metric equivalent.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00557-00224069-00224628 Or scalar equivalence. So the only question is how many are we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00558-00224628-00225195 allowed to release? And that is a question which doesn't have a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00559-00225195-00225391 very clear cut answer.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00560-00225535-00225868 And more research is definitely needed so that we can
oYt2bXZKhmU-00561-00225868-00226276 empirically support any decision that we make, but like a rule of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00562-00226276-00226646 thumb would be not too many, which is typically the rule of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00563-00226646-00226973 thumb when you need to make any model modifications.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00564-00227185-00227627 So to sum up, we should never just assume that we can obtain
oYt2bXZKhmU-00565-00227627-00228055 measurement invariance when we're using an instrument in a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00566-00228055-00228433 different culture, or in a different language, in a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00567-00228433-00228760 different ethnic, religious group, whatever.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00568-00228862-00229466 For some instruments we do have evidence of structural metrics,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00569-00229466-00229966 sometimes even scalar invariance. So for personality
oYt2bXZKhmU-00570-00229966-00230561 traits measured by the Big Six hexaco model, there is evidence
oYt2bXZKhmU-00571-00230561-00231042 of metric invariance across a number of countries.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00572-00231113-00231580 Which, again, if we look at the construct, should make sense
oYt2bXZKhmU-00573-00231580-00232032 because personality traits are not that directly rooted in
oYt2bXZKhmU-00574-00232032-00232515 culture. They're just more an aspect of individual differences
oYt2bXZKhmU-00575-00232515-00232807 and not so much of group differences.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00576-00232883-00233325 While on the other hand, if we look at a scale such as the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00577-00233325-00233521 family family value scale.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00578-00233644-00234083 Which we would assume is more culturally specific. The authors
oYt2bXZKhmU-00579-00234083-00234473 could only demonstrate structural invariants and as per
oYt2bXZKhmU-00580-00234473-00234821 metric invariance, only partial metric invariant.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00581-00235040-00235569 So, knowing this, what can we do to maximize our chances of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00582-00235569-00235879 obtaining measurement equivalence?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00583-00235957-00236475 Well, we can go back to the start and see what was the other
oYt2bXZKhmU-00584-00236475-00236942 stage that we mentioned was also important and that is
oYt2bXZKhmU-00585-00236942-00237044 translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00586-00237167-00237742 So one good way to assure that there is a significant amount of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00587-00237742-00238272 overlap in both the construct and item content between the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00588-00238272-00238766 original and the translated and adapted version of the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00589-00238766-00239277 instrument is to do this translation based on thoroughly
oYt2bXZKhmU-00590-00239277-00239565 and with the care and attention.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00591-00239837-00240252 So even when we're just talking about the translation phase of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00592-00240252-00240667 the adaptation, it can really involve a wide range of options,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00593-00240667-00241063 from some very minor to some major changes in item context.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00594-00241063-00241491 So sometimes the overlap between the original and the translated
oYt2bXZKhmU-00595-00241491-00241900 version of the instrument is very high, and sometimes we will
oYt2bXZKhmU-00596-00241900-00242177 see that they differ quite significantly.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00597-00242363-00242729 So what do we need to take into account when we're thinking
oYt2bXZKhmU-00598-00242729-00242840 about translation?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00599-00243017-00243444 It is very important to be aware of different sources of bias
oYt2bXZKhmU-00600-00243444-00243796 which actually make this difference between simply
oYt2bXZKhmU-00601-00243796-00244209 linguistic equivalence and measurement equivalence which we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00602-00244209-00244319 wish to achieve.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00603-00244461-00244927 So one of these sources of bias, there are three, is construct
oYt2bXZKhmU-00604-00244927-00245356 bias. So if we talk about collectivism and individualism,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00605-00245356-00245778 do we assume that these constructs are understood in the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00606-00245778-00246208 same way in both cultures, the original culture where the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00607-00246208-00246689 instrument was developed and the target culture for which we are
oYt2bXZKhmU-00608-00246689-00246992 translating and adapting the instrument?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00609-00247058-00247482 So that is the first thing to consider. Next is the method
oYt2bXZKhmU-00610-00247482-00247519 bias.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00611-00247621-00248127 Are participants in both cultures equally familiar with
oYt2bXZKhmU-00612-00248127-00248633 the assessment method? So if we're presenting them with
oYt2bXZKhmU-00613-00248633-00249104 liquor type scale, is that something that's equally
oYt2bXZKhmU-00614-00249104-00249655 familiar to participants in both groups? Do they know how to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00615-00249655-00250216 respond to such items? So we just need to take this also into
oYt2bXZKhmU-00616-00250216-00250678 consideration? We can maybe interview a couple of.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00617-00250717-00251135 Potential participants, laypeople, laypersons to see how
oYt2bXZKhmU-00618-00251135-00251618 they understand items if they're presented in one or another way.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00619-00251618-00252072 And finally, of course we have the item bias, which refers to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00620-00252072-00252504 specific item content. So sometimes the wording might need
oYt2bXZKhmU-00621-00252504-00252951 to change. Sometimes the things we refer to in the items are
oYt2bXZKhmU-00622-00252951-00253361 just not appropriate in another culture. So this is all
oYt2bXZKhmU-00623-00253361-00253646 something that we need to be aware of.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00624-00253717-00253946 When we are conducting a translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00625-00254023-00254383 And as we will see, some translation procedures actually
oYt2bXZKhmU-00626-00254383-00254717 take some of these forms of bias into consideration.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00627-00254914-00255265 Just through there the way that the process should look.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00628-00255329-00255774 And sometimes additional steps are required, and now Alexander
oYt2bXZKhmU-00629-00255774-00256170 will give you a brief overview of different translation
oYt2bXZKhmU-00630-00256170-00256227 methods.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00631-00256523-00256908 We will first cover 2 popular translation methods.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00632-00256984-00257438 One consists of translating and then back translating an
oYt2bXZKhmU-00633-00257438-00257861 instrument and the other method consists of parallel
oYt2bXZKhmU-00634-00257861-00257965 translations.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00635-00258054-00258474 And then we will talk about a more complex translation
oYt2bXZKhmU-00636-00258474-00258849 procedure developed by the Psychological Science
oYt2bXZKhmU-00637-00258849-00258940 Accelerator.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00638-00259241-00259620 The translation and back translation method is also
oYt2bXZKhmU-00639-00259620-00259905 called the forward backward procedure.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00640-00259984-00260384 This method requires at least two persons to be involved.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00641-00260475-00260929 One person first translates the items from the source language
oYt2bXZKhmU-00642-00260929-00261369 to the target language, for example from English to Serbian.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00643-00261433-00261885 And then a second person independently translates the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00644-00261885-00262354 items back into the source language, so from Serbian to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00645-00262354-00262547 English in our example.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00646-00262665-00263190 And as a third step, we compared the original items with the back
oYt2bXZKhmU-00647-00263190-00263651 translated items to see if anything important was changed
oYt2bXZKhmU-00648-00263651-00264105 in the translation and to reconcile any differences that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00649-00264105-00264161 appear.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00650-00264298-00264661 We applied this method to translate a scale that measures
oYt2bXZKhmU-00651-00264661-00264800 vaccination readiness.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00652-00264866-00265305 And the author of the original scale was the one who compared
oYt2bXZKhmU-00653-00265305-00265695 the original version with the back translated version.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00654-00265761-00266192 We then discussed why some discrepancies differences
oYt2bXZKhmU-00655-00266192-00266672 appeared, and finally the author approved our translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00656-00267042-00267495 Another popular translation procedure is called the parallel
oYt2bXZKhmU-00657-00267495-00267585 translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00658-00267655-00268094 It again requires at least two or three persons to be involved.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00659-00268203-00268624 As the first Step 2 persons produce two independent
oYt2bXZKhmU-00660-00268624-00268730 translations.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00661-00268813-00269313 Then, during the revision phase, translators and the translation
oYt2bXZKhmU-00662-00269313-00269737 Coordinator, for example, can reconcile discrepancies.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00663-00269824-00270301 They should now also agree on a final version, so either a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00664-00270301-00270771 version that combines the best parts from the independent
oYt2bXZKhmU-00665-00270771-00271248 translations, or the version that appears in the course of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00666-00271248-00271370 the discussion.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00667-00271465-00271919 And the final translation method that we will show you now is the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00668-00271919-00272298 psychological science accelerated translation process,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00669-00272298-00272732 which is so complicated that we needed three slides to give it
oYt2bXZKhmU-00670-00272732-00273146 justice. Jokes aside, it's not actually that complicated in
oYt2bXZKhmU-00671-00273146-00273566 that it's intuitive and the stages make sense, but there are
oYt2bXZKhmU-00672-00273566-00274014 definitely a couple more stages compared to previous translation
oYt2bXZKhmU-00673-00274014-00274090 procedures.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00674-00274183-00274616 So we first start, like in any other translation, with the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00675-00274616-00275078 original version, and we will illustrate this process by using
oYt2bXZKhmU-00676-00275078-00275504 the items from the Oxford utilitarianism scale, which was
oYt2bXZKhmU-00677-00275504-00275842 also translated for the Psychological Science
oYt2bXZKhmU-00678-00275842-00276246 Accelerator 6 Project Moral thinking across the world.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00679-00276352-00276813 So we actually members of the team of the Serbian team for
oYt2bXZKhmU-00680-00276813-00277291 this project. We went through this procedure following these
oYt2bXZKhmU-00681-00277291-00277338 steps.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00682-00277440-00277713 So we started from the original English version.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00683-00277781-00278105 Uh and uh, this is just an example of 1 item. Of course,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00684-00278105-00278470 the same procedure was applied to all items and to instructions
oYt2bXZKhmU-00685-00278470-00278579 and response scale.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00686-00278668-00279129 So we have two independent translators that do the forward
oYt2bXZKhmU-00687-00279129-00279552 translation from the English language to the Serbian.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00688-00279635-00280066 Which means that we get two different translations which are
oYt2bXZKhmU-00689-00280066-00280434 called translation A1 and translation A2. These two
oYt2bXZKhmU-00690-00280434-00280880 translations are then compared and result in a final aversion.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00691-00280950-00281392 So since we have a lot of items, for some items we will choose
oYt2bXZKhmU-00692-00281392-00281827 the translation of translator A. Sometimes we will choose the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00693-00281827-00282220 translation of translator B as the one that sounds more
oYt2bXZKhmU-00694-00282220-00282662 natural. Sometimes we'll, which is the case for this item here
oYt2bXZKhmU-00695-00282662-00283062 that you have on the slide. Sometimes we'll make a third
oYt2bXZKhmU-00696-00283062-00283511 version which combines the the two translations, which we think
oYt2bXZKhmU-00697-00283511-00283891 would just feel the most natural to Serbian speakers.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00698-00284014-00284452 So, uh, this comparison of the two stages is done by both
oYt2bXZKhmU-00699-00284452-00284943 translators A1 and a B. But also there is a person who is called
oYt2bXZKhmU-00700-00284943-00285434 a language coordinator, and that person is also involved in this
oYt2bXZKhmU-00701-00285434-00285850 comparison and in making decisions regarding the final
oYt2bXZKhmU-00702-00285850-00285926 version 8.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00703-00286034-00286595 After we have the final version a we then back translate it to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00704-00286595-00287138 English twice. We have again 2 translators but these are two
oYt2bXZKhmU-00705-00287138-00287664 different people. So it's a person B1 and B2 and they make
oYt2bXZKhmU-00706-00287664-00288127 translations B1 and B2 which again will never be or
oYt2bXZKhmU-00707-00288127-00288599 practically never be identical and then based on the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00708-00288599-00289027 differences in translations comparison is made.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00709-00289036-00289572 And then the final B version is created, which is since now this
oYt2bXZKhmU-00710-00289572-00289837 is a bad translation in English.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00711-00289909-00290354 So that is the next big step in the process, and in this
oYt2bXZKhmU-00712-00290354-00290815 comparison both B translators and the language Coordinator
oYt2bXZKhmU-00713-00290815-00291245 take part and discuss any differences in anything they
oYt2bXZKhmU-00714-00291245-00291596 think might need to be additionally changed.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00715-00291672-00291919 So here we took.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00716-00292020-00292480 This translation B2 as the one that will be the final B
oYt2bXZKhmU-00717-00292480-00292900 translation because it sounded a bit more natural.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00718-00293052-00293513 In the next stage, we compare the back translation with the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00719-00293513-00293960 original version to see whether there are any significant
oYt2bXZKhmU-00720-00293960-00294391 changes in item meaning and if there is anything that's
oYt2bXZKhmU-00721-00294391-00294891 problematic. Then we go back to the version 8 to the translation
oYt2bXZKhmU-00722-00294891-00295276 and maybe see if another translation captured the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00723-00295276-00295707 original meaning better. Or maybe we need to create a a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00724-00295707-00296039 completely new version of the translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00725-00296063-00296148 So that we.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00726-00296305-00296669 At the same time, try to not necessarily replicate the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00727-00296669-00297088 wording of the original item in English, but simply to capture
oYt2bXZKhmU-00728-00297088-00297506 the meaning of that item in the English language in such a way
oYt2bXZKhmU-00729-00297506-00297871 that would be also meaningful in the Serbian language.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00730-00297950-00298443 And after we've done this, after we have compared the original
oYt2bXZKhmU-00731-00298443-00298945 with this back translation which is called version B, we get to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00732-00298945-00299102 version C, which is.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00733-00299191-00299397 The Serbian version.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00734-00299466-00299923 That we think is the most appropriate to convey the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00735-00299923-00300311 meaning of the items or or a specific item.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00736-00300383-00300802 After we have done that we have another stage where the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00737-00300802-00301281 translation is sent to external readers. They are non academics
oYt2bXZKhmU-00738-00301281-00301723 who are fluent in the language to which the scale is being
oYt2bXZKhmU-00739-00301723-00302180 translated and this case Serbian native speakers. We I think
oYt2bXZKhmU-00740-00302180-00302652 recruited even more than two. So too was a minimum. If you can
oYt2bXZKhmU-00741-00302652-00303094 find more people to just go through the items and note any
oYt2bXZKhmU-00742-00303094-00303387 comments and questions that they have.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00743-00303395-00303716 That's very useful and after revising.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00744-00303822-00304275 Their comments you will be able to create the final version of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00745-00304275-00304592 the translation, which is called version D.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00746-00304725-00305156 So as we've seen there are five steps of the process. First we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00747-00305156-00305567 have two eight translators that independently translate and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00748-00305567-00305998 create version A and discussion with the language coordinator.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00749-00305998-00306375 Then we have two B translators that independently back
oYt2bXZKhmU-00750-00306375-00306793 translate the version A and then create a final version B in
oYt2bXZKhmU-00751-00306793-00307122 discussion again with the language coordinator.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00752-00307222-00307579 Then all of the translators and the language coordinators
oYt2bXZKhmU-00753-00307579-00307955 discuss the differences between the back translation and the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00754-00307955-00308263 original and create version C of the translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00755-00308338-00308454 Uh than uh.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00756-00308556-00309009 This is sent out to external readers, their comments are
oYt2bXZKhmU-00757-00309009-00309479 acknowledged and finally, another stage is that members of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00758-00309479-00309623 the research team.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00759-00309810-00310217 Here they're referred to as the data labs that do data
oYt2bXZKhmU-00760-00310217-00310692 collection. They also check if there are any additional changes
oYt2bXZKhmU-00761-00310692-00311107 that need to be made that will make the instrument more
oYt2bXZKhmU-00762-00311107-00311574 culturally appropriate, or that will ensure that the construct
oYt2bXZKhmU-00763-00311574-00312041 that is intended to be measured is captured more precisely. So
oYt2bXZKhmU-00764-00312041-00312523 overall, we have 5 stages of the process. At least seven persons
oYt2bXZKhmU-00765-00312523-00312805 are involved. There are a total of 8.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00766-00312814-00313311 Versions of the translation that get created during the process,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00767-00313311-00313794 and the translators need to meet and compare these versions at
oYt2bXZKhmU-00768-00313794-00314223 least four times, so it is quite demanding. So based on
oYt2bXZKhmU-00769-00314223-00314683 everything we've said, we can see that there are some clear
oYt2bXZKhmU-00770-00314683-00315112 advantages of this process because it combines the best
oYt2bXZKhmU-00771-00315112-00315594 bits of both the parallel and the back end forward translation
oYt2bXZKhmU-00772-00315594-00315840 procedure, and it also includes.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00773-00315849-00316229 Of this cultural adjustment component through recruiting
oYt2bXZKhmU-00774-00316229-00316636 external readers and also it's a process. It's a part of the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00775-00316636-00317043 process that data Labs also check. Data collection labs also
oYt2bXZKhmU-00776-00317043-00317163 check for meaning.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00777-00317236-00317615 But of course, the downsides that go with all of these
oYt2bXZKhmU-00778-00317615-00318044 advantages are that this is a more complex procedure compared
oYt2bXZKhmU-00779-00318044-00318499 to the previous two, and that it requires more resources in terms
oYt2bXZKhmU-00780-00318499-00318852 of people involved, time, organization, and so on.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00781-00318924-00319379 So how can we make these downsides a bit more manageable?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00782-00319497-00319893 Well, first of all, there's a very good step-by-step
oYt2bXZKhmU-00783-00319893-00320312 explanation of the process on the psychological Science
oYt2bXZKhmU-00784-00320312-00320709 Accelerator website. What we used, and what is quite
oYt2bXZKhmU-00785-00320709-00321084 efficient is to use tab spreadsheets with clearly
oYt2bXZKhmU-00786-00321084-00321548 labeled columns for each version of the translation, with the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00787-00321548-00321967 columns for comments for discussion. And just following
oYt2bXZKhmU-00788-00321967-00322424 the order of the tabs in the spreadsheet can really ease the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00789-00322424-00322483 process.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00790-00322521-00322966 Very much and make the final product also understandable to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00791-00322966-00323419 someone who hasn't been involved in the translation process.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00792-00323506-00323935 As for the resources part of the the problem with this
oYt2bXZKhmU-00793-00323935-00324427 translation procedure, well, if we want to save time and human
oYt2bXZKhmU-00794-00324427-00324849 resources, then we could consider subcontracting some
oYt2bXZKhmU-00795-00324849-00325013 translation services.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00796-00325086-00325363 And there are already some collaborations with
oYt2bXZKhmU-00797-00325363-00325618 psychological science accelerator planned.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00798-00325741-00326247 But again, this requires resources of a different kind.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00799-00326247-00326844 So in any way what will make the procedure easier is to just plan
oYt2bXZKhmU-00800-00326844-00327440 for this when planning the whole project. So this is maybe a note
oYt2bXZKhmU-00801-00327440-00328028 for project leads more than for data collection labs, but always
oYt2bXZKhmU-00802-00328028-00328616 be sure to allow for enough time and enough funds to actually do
oYt2bXZKhmU-00803-00328616-00328761 the translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00804-00328852-00329377 Well, because depending on how well the translation is done,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00805-00329377-00329877 uh, the results will be more reliable or not as reliable.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00806-00329956-00330406 And now Alexandra will tell you a bit more about what it takes
oYt2bXZKhmU-00807-00330406-00330599 to make a good translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00808-00330936-00331427 So if we want our translation to be good, we should think about
oYt2bXZKhmU-00809-00331427-00331918 who the translators should be or what minimal requirements they
oYt2bXZKhmU-00810-00331918-00332034 should fulfill.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00811-00332146-00332608 Naturally, translators should be fluent in both the source and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00812-00332608-00332888 the target language of an instrument.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00813-00332982-00333378 But they should also be knowledgeable about the content
oYt2bXZKhmU-00814-00333378-00333760 of the instrument, about the construct the instrument
oYt2bXZKhmU-00815-00333760-00333823 measures.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00816-00333909-00334308 And translators should be familiar with the cultures of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00817-00334308-00334416 both languages.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00818-00334619-00335189 Of course, it would be ideal if a translator met all of these
oYt2bXZKhmU-00819-00335189-00335749 criteria. However, it is more realistic than the translators
oYt2bXZKhmU-00820-00335749-00336209 does it translator meets only one or two of these
oYt2bXZKhmU-00821-00336209-00336329 requirements.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00822-00336393-00336855 So when choosing translators for a project, we should just make
oYt2bXZKhmU-00823-00336855-00337260 sure that all of these criteria are taken into account.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00824-00337375-00337840 So this could for example mean that two or three persons each
oYt2bXZKhmU-00825-00337840-00338275 meeting one or two of the criteria are selected to make a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00826-00338275-00338365 translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00827-00338685-00339151 Another very important thing to keep in mind is that you should
oYt2bXZKhmU-00828-00339151-00339349 avoid literal translations.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00829-00339421-00339829 So even though a literal translation would match the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00830-00339829-00340291 original wording better when we compared the two during the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00831-00340291-00340699 translation procedure, you should avoid word by word
oYt2bXZKhmU-00832-00340699-00340892 translations at all cost.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00833-00341003-00341452 Such translations would just sound unnatural and can also
oYt2bXZKhmU-00834-00341452-00341654 have serious consequences.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00835-00341826-00342258 So when you translate an instrument, pay attention to the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00836-00342258-00342742 linguistic features. One common mistake is to keep some features
oYt2bXZKhmU-00837-00342742-00343204 of the source language, such as grammar or spelling, that are
oYt2bXZKhmU-00838-00343204-00343480 simply alien to the target language.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00839-00343569-00344116 And also pay attention to the idioms as well as to the culture
oYt2bXZKhmU-00840-00344116-00344255 and the context.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00841-00344437-00344819 And I don't know illustrate why context and idioms are
oYt2bXZKhmU-00842-00344819-00344889 important.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00843-00345187-00345545 This is an item from an inventory of personality
oYt2bXZKhmU-00844-00345545-00345641 organization.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00845-00345717-00346210 It says I'm a hero worshipper, even if I am later found wrong
oYt2bXZKhmU-00846-00346210-00346330 in my judgment.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00847-00346475-00346909 And researchers wanted to translate this inventory into
oYt2bXZKhmU-00848-00346909-00347157 Brazilian Portuguese Portuguese.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00849-00347232-00347791 But instead of retaining the expression, I'm a hero persifer
oYt2bXZKhmU-00850-00347791-00348158 they changed it to. I idolize somebody.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00851-00348321-00348654 Because in fact the term hero worshipper.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00852-00348824-00349282 Has no clear meaning in Brazilian Portuguese and in
oYt2bXZKhmU-00853-00349282-00349423 other languages.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00854-00349561-00350093 So because they adapted the item this way, it is more likely that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00855-00350093-00350577 it will be adequately understood and answered by Portuguese
oYt2bXZKhmU-00856-00350577-00350836 language participants in Brazil.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00857-00350993-00351473 So the items do not need to remain literally identical. It
oYt2bXZKhmU-00858-00351473-00351995 is much more important for the items to retain the same meaning
oYt2bXZKhmU-00859-00351995-00352215 and conceptual equivalence.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00860-00352298-00352742 And you can only achieve this if you take the cultural context
oYt2bXZKhmU-00861-00352742-00352834 into account.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00862-00352929-00353373 We will now provide you with a few more examples to illustrate
oYt2bXZKhmU-00863-00353373-00353754 how the translation and adaptation procedure can look
oYt2bXZKhmU-00864-00353754-00353875 like in the wild.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00865-00353999-00354505 First, here's an example from a recent large scale project on
oYt2bXZKhmU-00866-00354505-00354677 temporal discounting.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00867-00354770-00355215 The lead researchers developed an instrument to study a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00868-00355215-00355700 phenomenon where people tend to prefer smaller and immediate
oYt2bXZKhmU-00869-00355700-00356003 rewards over larger but delayed ones.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00870-00356108-00356523 This instrument contains a list of binary items where
oYt2bXZKhmU-00871-00356523-00356938 participants have to choose whether they would rather
oYt2bXZKhmU-00872-00356938-00357376 receive some amount of money today or a larger amount of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00873-00357376-00357523 money in 12 months.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00874-00357670-00358073 This research project was conducted in 61 countries and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00875-00358073-00358548 the instrument had to be adapted for each one of those countries.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00876-00358703-00359130 To do so, we had to find information on the average
oYt2bXZKhmU-00877-00359130-00359648 income in a country and then use that information to adapt the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00878-00359648-00360002 monetary values appearing in the question.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00879-00360148-00360705 We also had to apply local standards when it comes to the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00880-00360705-00361281 reporting of race, education and employment status. So, for
oYt2bXZKhmU-00881-00361281-00361839 example, instead of race categories for a country such as
oYt2bXZKhmU-00882-00361839-00362339 Serbia or Montenegro, we used ethnicity categories.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00883-00362458-00362936 And in addition to all of these adaptations, researchers from
oYt2bXZKhmU-00884-00362936-00363399 non-english speaking countries had to apply the forward and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00885-00363399-00363901 back translation and involve at least one native speaker in this
oYt2bXZKhmU-00886-00363901-00363963 process.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00887-00364153-00364579 And another example from the PSA 6 moral thinking across the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00888-00364579-00364663 world study.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00889-00364819-00365237 We're not, we're not always translating items. Sometimes we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00890-00365237-00365586 have different types of materials that we need to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00891-00365586-00366019 translate. So, for example, we had these images that are used
oYt2bXZKhmU-00892-00366019-00366341 as part of what is presented to participants.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00893-00366416-00366757 Along with explanations of what is going on in this situation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00894-00366851-00367260 And we needed to translate them as well. So, uh, in a technical
oYt2bXZKhmU-00895-00367260-00367618 sense. This also requires working in some image editing
oYt2bXZKhmU-00896-00367618-00367676 programs.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00897-00367762-00368207 Which again, if you're using this type of material and you're
oYt2bXZKhmU-00898-00368207-00368639 a project lead, just have in mind that data collecting labs
oYt2bXZKhmU-00899-00368639-00369042 will either need help with this or they will need to be
oYt2bXZKhmU-00900-00369042-00369481 knowledgeable and using these types of programs. But talking
oYt2bXZKhmU-00901-00369481-00369927 about translation, even though it seems pretty basic, we just
oYt2bXZKhmU-00902-00369927-00370387 have a couple of single words, or two or three words that refer
oYt2bXZKhmU-00903-00370387-00370783 to what is shown in the image. Actually, we needed to.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00904-00370793-00370985 Do a bit of adaptation here as well.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00905-00371060-00371491 For example, even though the original problem is called the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00906-00371491-00371929 trolley problem, trolley buses in Serbia don't go on tracks,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00907-00371929-00372325 they just are buses with trolleys attached to them. So
oYt2bXZKhmU-00908-00372325-00372770 what would be meaningful would be to use the word tram. So we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00909-00372770-00373209 translated the trolley problem as the tram problem, which is
oYt2bXZKhmU-00910-00373209-00373618 how it's also sometimes called in the literature and the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00911-00373618-00373741 Serbian language.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00912-00373822-00374319 And also calling the person involved Joe wouldn't really
oYt2bXZKhmU-00913-00374319-00374878 work of course for the Serbian population because this is not a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00914-00374878-00375428 Serbian name. So we adapted it to a similar name with the same
oYt2bXZKhmU-00915-00375428-00375507 root yob.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00916-00375731-00376240 And in another example where we really needed to do quite an
oYt2bXZKhmU-00917-00376240-00376732 extensive adaptation was the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00918-00376732-00377233 This is an instrument that is created for the assessment of
oYt2bXZKhmU-00919-00377233-00377751 traumatic events that different groups, mostly refugees, have
oYt2bXZKhmU-00920-00377751-00377885 been exposed to.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00921-00378006-00378487 And that they have experienced in a prolonged period of time,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00922-00378487-00378759 mostly in their country of origin.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00923-00378871-00379289 So naturally, not all items will be relevant for all contexts,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00924-00379289-00379721 and in the instrument manual it is explicitly stated that if you
oYt2bXZKhmU-00925-00379721-00380127 want to use it for a population that it hasn't been used for
oYt2bXZKhmU-00926-00380127-00380380 before, you need to do an adaptation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00927-00380497-00380965 So with my colleagues, we adapted part one of the Harvard
oYt2bXZKhmU-00928-00380965-00381385 Trauma Questionnaire for Refugees seeking asylum in
oYt2bXZKhmU-00929-00381385-00381442 Serbia.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00930-00381530-00382019 And in the first part of the adaptation, we conducted a total
oYt2bXZKhmU-00931-00382019-00382453 of 16 focus groups with 8078 refugees and additional 3
oYt2bXZKhmU-00932-00382453-00382974 interviews with participants who weren't that comfortable talking
oYt2bXZKhmU-00933-00382974-00383251 in small groups and want it to be.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00934-00383356-00383649 Alone with the interviewer when sharing their personal
oYt2bXZKhmU-00935-00383649-00383713 experiences.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00936-00383790-00384217 So focus groups were organized in two phases and the first
oYt2bXZKhmU-00937-00384217-00384659 phase we presented participants with some existing items and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00938-00384659-00385108 asked them to see whether that content was relevant for them,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00939-00385108-00385542 whether there were some items that were just not meaningful
oYt2bXZKhmU-00940-00385542-00385615 for their.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00941-00385683-00386037 Countries of origin, whether some could be relevant if
oYt2bXZKhmU-00942-00386037-00386425 modified, and whether some additional items are needed that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00943-00386425-00386664 weren't covered by what was already.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00944-00386881-00387125 Existing in in existing instruments.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00945-00387231-00387883 So after this phase, we took all that information into account
oYt2bXZKhmU-00946-00387883-00388008 and created.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00947-00388110-00388505 A new revised list of items that was then presented to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00948-00388505-00388886 participants in focus groups in phase two, and these
oYt2bXZKhmU-00949-00388886-00389266 participants are helped us additionally clarify item
oYt2bXZKhmU-00950-00389266-00389424 content, but also the.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00951-00389554-00389902 Not just create the final phrasing of items so that
oYt2bXZKhmU-00952-00389902-00390197 they're understandable to all participants.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00953-00390292-00390706 And in a later stage, we administered the uh, the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00954-00390706-00391162 instrument to a fairly large sample of asylum seekers.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00955-00391227-00391679 For seeking asylum in Serbia, we of course performed all of those
oYt2bXZKhmU-00956-00391679-00392112 steps that we mentioned before, detailed item analysis and the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00957-00392112-00392516 shortening of the instrument for future use, after which a
oYt2bXZKhmU-00958-00392516-00392661 publication was made.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00959-00392833-00393150 So after everything that we've talked about.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00960-00393273-00393672 One big question is, like, when can we stop with doing
oYt2bXZKhmU-00961-00393672-00394138 translation and adaptation? So on the one hand, we know what is
oYt2bXZKhmU-00962-00394138-00394596 ideal. It's to go through all of those steps that we've listed
oYt2bXZKhmU-00963-00394596-00395061 before, but on the other hand, we need to consider also what is
oYt2bXZKhmU-00964-00395061-00395475 peaceable, especially in big team projects where we have
oYt2bXZKhmU-00965-00395475-00395694 deadlines and limited funding.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00966-00395814-00396211 So what we know when we're comparing translation and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00967-00396211-00396684 adaptation, as well as different procedures for doing just the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00968-00396684-00396775 translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00969-00396887-00397361 The more resources and the the more funds go into something,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00970-00397361-00397820 the better the quality. That's typically the case in other
oYt2bXZKhmU-00971-00397820-00398309 situations as well, but we can wonder whether this correlation
oYt2bXZKhmU-00972-00398309-00398784 is really perfect. Sometimes in the real life situations, we
oYt2bXZKhmU-00973-00398784-00399242 know that huge differences in cost are actually related to
oYt2bXZKhmU-00974-00399242-00399515 just small differences in quality.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00975-00399579-00400101 So the the issue is, you know, when when can we be satisfied
oYt2bXZKhmU-00976-00400101-00400597 enough with the resulting translation or adaptation of an
oYt2bXZKhmU-00977-00400597-00400692 instrument?
oYt2bXZKhmU-00978-00400764-00401081 And this is actually an empirical question. However,
oYt2bXZKhmU-00979-00401081-00401375 most of the answers to the question rely on some
oYt2bXZKhmU-00980-00401375-00401699 theoretical and logical arguments, and the advantages
oYt2bXZKhmU-00981-00401699-00402077 and disadvantages of different methods are typically discussed
oYt2bXZKhmU-00982-00402077-00402167 in these terms.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00983-00402246-00402769 So doing more research on this topic and comparing translations
oYt2bXZKhmU-00984-00402769-00403195 resulting from different procedures would be a very
oYt2bXZKhmU-00985-00403195-00403703 useful insight that could help us gauge like what what is the
oYt2bXZKhmU-00986-00403703-00404178 optimum between investing a lot of time and resources and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00987-00404178-00404522 investing as little as possible to get a.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00988-00404631-00404828 A usable output.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00989-00404947-00405484 So as we've mentioned in typical in big science, big team science
oYt2bXZKhmU-00990-00405484-00405980 projects, adaptations are not typically planned for. We only
oYt2bXZKhmU-00991-00405980-00406290 do the translation and then maybe if.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00992-00406433-00406867 Specific countries want to do an adaptation of a translated
oYt2bXZKhmU-00993-00406867-00407294 instrument. That's usually a different study and it's just
oYt2bXZKhmU-00994-00407294-00407547 done locally, but we do have data.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00995-00407697-00408066 That we can use to perform secondary data analysis and
oYt2bXZKhmU-00996-00408066-00408497 compare translations to original versions of the instrument, or
oYt2bXZKhmU-00997-00408497-00408679 test for metric invariants.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00998-00408756-00409133 And whatever else we think could be tested.
oYt2bXZKhmU-00999-00409322-00409524 So there is one study.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01000-00409593-00409984 That actually compared the translations and original
oYt2bXZKhmU-01001-00409984-00410449 instruments based on the data from the many labs 2 project and
oYt2bXZKhmU-01002-00410449-00410906 they found that translations were slightly rest low reliable.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01003-00410906-00411334 However, due to small sample sizes they couldn't test for
oYt2bXZKhmU-01004-00411334-00411718 significance of these differences. But what is also
oYt2bXZKhmU-01005-00411718-00412176 important is that translations were generally administered to
oYt2bXZKhmU-01006-00412176-00412641 smaller samples. So and we know that sample size is related to
oYt2bXZKhmU-01007-00412641-00412730 reliability.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01008-00412793-00413225 Which means that perhaps if we could control for sample size,
oYt2bXZKhmU-01009-00413225-00413579 that the reliability of translations would be on a
oYt2bXZKhmU-01010-00413579-00413976 similar level. I mean, it already was. There were really
oYt2bXZKhmU-01011-00413976-00414435 just slight differences in favor of the original versions. But if
oYt2bXZKhmU-01012-00414435-00414838 we could show that these instruments are equally reliable
oYt2bXZKhmU-01013-00414838-00415235 both when used in their original form and when used in a
oYt2bXZKhmU-01014-00415235-00415589 translated form, that would be a big step forward.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01015-00415756-00416158 And also, what we always need to take into account is the
oYt2bXZKhmU-01016-00416158-00416609 intended use of the instrument, or rather what is our study goal
oYt2bXZKhmU-01017-00416609-00416970 when we talked about metric measurement invariance.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01018-00417033-00417365 We said that if we want to compare countries in means
oYt2bXZKhmU-01019-00417365-00417759 course, we need to be confident that we have scalar invariance.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01020-00417847-00418121 Which means that groups only differ in.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01021-00418185-00418630 How much of the latent construct the groups have and not which
oYt2bXZKhmU-01022-00418630-00419004 specific behaviors are more common or less common in
oYt2bXZKhmU-01023-00419004-00419146 different countries?
oYt2bXZKhmU-01024-00419213-00419602 But if we're not interested in comparing group means and we're
oYt2bXZKhmU-01025-00419602-00419948 just interested in the relationships between variables,
oYt2bXZKhmU-01026-00419948-00420220 then metric invariance could be sufficient.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01027-00420291-00420697 Again, if we're not just talking about Big Team science projects
oYt2bXZKhmU-01028-00420697-00421073 and we're talking about just doing a translation adaptation
oYt2bXZKhmU-01029-00421073-00421436 for use in one country only, then of course, depending on
oYt2bXZKhmU-01030-00421436-00421768 what the instrument will be used for, we might have.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01031-00421872-00422135 Stricter or less strict requirements.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01032-00422200-00422593 So if we want to use the test in clinical settings where we
oYt2bXZKhmU-01033-00422593-00422883 compare the scores of the participant with.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01034-00422999-00423385 What we expect for the population then we of course
oYt2bXZKhmU-01035-00423385-00423824 would need to have norms and standardize the tests. But if
oYt2bXZKhmU-01036-00423824-00424196 we're just interested in relationships with other
oYt2bXZKhmU-01037-00424196-00424628 variables than it might be sufficient to just have metric
oYt2bXZKhmU-01038-00424628-00424710 invariance.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01039-00424868-00425273 An important footnote in this workshop is that you should
oYt2bXZKhmU-01040-00425273-00425685 check if the instrument has already been translated before
oYt2bXZKhmU-01041-00425685-00426098 you decide to make a translation yourself, or invite other
oYt2bXZKhmU-01042-00426098-00426245 researchers to do it.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01043-00426406-00426889 You can check some repositories or online archives that hold
oYt2bXZKhmU-01044-00426889-00427103 this type of research data.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01045-00427188-00427518 There are not as many repositories that hold
oYt2bXZKhmU-01046-00427518-00427966 instrument translations and adaptations, but the ones listed
oYt2bXZKhmU-01047-00427966-00428333 here can still provide useful information to you.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01048-00428439-00428900 There are repositories by the Limits Institute for the Social
oYt2bXZKhmU-01049-00428900-00429294 Sciences and by the Leibniz Institute for Psychology
oYt2bXZKhmU-01050-00429294-00429702 Information that primarily document German and English
oYt2bXZKhmU-01051-00429702-00430051 instruments, but also instruments available in
oYt2bXZKhmU-01052-00430051-00430193 multiple languages.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01053-00430314-00430823 Our lab laboratory for research of individual differences at the
oYt2bXZKhmU-01054-00430823-00431246 University of Belgrade has established an Open Access
oYt2bXZKhmU-01055-00431246-00431724 repository called Rakoczy, where you can find instruments in
oYt2bXZKhmU-01056-00431724-00432092 Serbian English as well as in other languages.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01057-00432243-00432683 Some researchers also maintain websites dedicated to specific
oYt2bXZKhmU-01058-00432683-00433096 instruments, and you can also find translations that way.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01059-00433235-00433668 There are also some other catalogues, such as the decision
oYt2bXZKhmU-01060-00433668-00434114 making, individual differences inventory, and the science of
oYt2bXZKhmU-01061-00434114-00434297 behavior change measures.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01062-00434381-00434809 These repositories are not focused on translations, but can
oYt2bXZKhmU-01063-00434809-00435223 prove to be a useful resource and you can browse them for
oYt2bXZKhmU-01064-00435223-00435588 external links where translations could be stored.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01065-00435803-00436212 And before you decide if you want to reuse any of the
oYt2bXZKhmU-01066-00436212-00436690 existing translations, make sure to check the terms of use and
oYt2bXZKhmU-01067-00436690-00437153 see if you need to contact the authors for permission to use
oYt2bXZKhmU-01068-00437153-00437389 their instruments or translate.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01069-00437531-00437948 When it comes to your own translations and adaptations, it
oYt2bXZKhmU-01070-00437948-00438380 is never too early to start thinking about how you are going
oYt2bXZKhmU-01071-00438380-00438685 to store all of those different documents.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01072-00438780-00439167 You should manage your data well, whether it's just for
oYt2bXZKhmU-01073-00439167-00439603 personal use or whether you want your colleagues at the lab or
oYt2bXZKhmU-01074-00439603-00439942 the public to be able to reuse it in the future.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01075-00440041-00440519 So I will now go over some good practices that are easy to adopt
oYt2bXZKhmU-01076-00440519-00440858 and we'll help you manage your research data.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01077-00441289-00441629 First, you should keep sufficient documentation on the
oYt2bXZKhmU-01078-00441629-00441697 instrument.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01079-00441772-00442056 Ask yourself what you or your team.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01080-00442142-00442375 We'll need to know in a year from now.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01081-00442450-00442920 So document things such as the authors and the year of
oYt2bXZKhmU-01082-00442920-00443409 Translation Citation. What translation methods you used?
oYt2bXZKhmU-01083-00443478-00443951 Exact wording of the instructions and items, response
oYt2bXZKhmU-01084-00443951-00444389 categories, scoring and item recoding procedures.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01085-00444457-00444889 Uh, what is the purpose of the instrument? For which target
oYt2bXZKhmU-01086-00444889-00445091 population it was developed?
oYt2bXZKhmU-01087-00445180-00445761 Then you can document the survey mode for which it was developed.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01088-00445761-00446263 For example, if the instrument is web-based or paper and
oYt2bXZKhmU-01089-00446263-00446835 pencil. You can also document if if reliability and validity was
oYt2bXZKhmU-01090-00446835-00446914 assessed.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01091-00447035-00447451 So these details get forgotten overtime. So proper
oYt2bXZKhmU-01092-00447451-00447932 documentation can mean the difference in being able to use
oYt2bXZKhmU-01093-00447932-00448153 an older instrument or not.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01094-00448588-00449017 Another good practice is to organize folders and subfolders
oYt2bXZKhmU-01095-00449017-00449467 in a logical way or in a way in which you would like to search
oYt2bXZKhmU-01096-00449467-00449582 for translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01097-00449704-00450113 Also, properly naming the files is important.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01098-00450397-00450918 And, uh, try to keep the file names short and avoid special
oYt2bXZKhmU-01099-00450918-00451014 characters.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01100-00451108-00451729 Also, some programs don't easily deal with spaces in file names,
oYt2bXZKhmU-01101-00451729-00452197 so opt to use dashes or underscores over spaces.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01102-00452353-00452727 And here being consistent is key.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01103-00452818-00453316 So it would be useful to prepare a file naming convention, and
oYt2bXZKhmU-01104-00453316-00453798 that's just means to document the rules that you come up for
oYt2bXZKhmU-01105-00453798-00453893 file naming.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01106-00453991-00454492 Some templates are on the slide, so you can for example put
oYt2bXZKhmU-01107-00454492-00455044 instrument abbreviation first in the file name, then under score,
oYt2bXZKhmU-01108-00455044-00455085 then.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01109-00455152-00455652 Document Target population, another under score and then put
oYt2bXZKhmU-01110-00455652-00455833 a short language code.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01111-00456221-00456612 Another good practice is to adopt file versioning.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01112-00456722-00457171 You would want to keep different copies of a file as it changes
oYt2bXZKhmU-01113-00457171-00457234 overtime.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01114-00457304-00457760 This is useful, for example, for different versions of the
oYt2bXZKhmU-01115-00457760-00458186 instrument during the translation procedure, or if the
oYt2bXZKhmU-01116-00458186-00458666 instrument changes when it is standardized or further adapted
oYt2bXZKhmU-01117-00458666-00458953 for a certain country or population.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01118-00459077-00459597 And you can indicate these different versions by adding it
oYt2bXZKhmU-01119-00459597-00460162 to the file name. For example, you can add an under score and V
oYt2bXZKhmU-01120-00460162-00460374 1.1 for a first version.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01121-00460556-00460907 Next good practice is to back up your files.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01122-00461028-00461520 And don't do all of this work on the translation only to lose the
oYt2bXZKhmU-01123-00461520-00461960 data. And trust me, data loss happens more often than we'd
oYt2bXZKhmU-01124-00461960-00462080 like to believe.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01125-00462193-00462781 You can follow the 321 rule so keep 3 copies of the data and
oYt2bXZKhmU-01126-00462781-00463350 two geographically separate locations and on more than one
oYt2bXZKhmU-01127-00463350-00463571 type of storage device.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01128-00463696-00464208 It is also useful to schedule your backups and to confirm that
oYt2bXZKhmU-01129-00464208-00464664 the backups are functioning properly from time to time.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01130-00465075-00465563 Finally, think about whether you can deposit your translations
oYt2bXZKhmU-01131-00465563-00466005 into an existing repository for measurement instruments.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01132-00466080-00466544 We talked about some thematic and disciplinary repositories
oYt2bXZKhmU-01133-00466544-00466606 earlier.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01134-00466687-00467185 And you can also consult some registries of repositories to
oYt2bXZKhmU-01135-00467185-00467651 find a suitable one for your instruments and instrument
oYt2bXZKhmU-01136-00467651-00467751 translation.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01137-00467876-00468210 Another option is to create your own repository.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01138-00468278-00468721 You can use platforms such as open science framework or
oYt2bXZKhmU-01139-00468721-00468777 zenodo.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01140-00468866-00469237 They are completely free to use and free of cost.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01141-00469349-00469820 And you can control who can access your materials, so
oYt2bXZKhmU-01142-00469820-00470388 whether they will be private or accessible only to you or public
oYt2bXZKhmU-01143-00470388-00470624 and accessible to everyone.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01144-00471014-00471370 If you decide to create a repository from scratch.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01145-00471493-00471894 That's usually a bit more work, so you would need a more
oYt2bXZKhmU-01146-00471894-00472175 detailed research data management plan.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01147-00472260-00472628 So spend some extra time thinking about under which
oYt2bXZKhmU-01148-00472628-00472876 license to publish your materials.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01149-00472966-00473505 One license that is often used is a Creative Commons license,
oYt2bXZKhmU-01150-00473505-00473905 which requires others to reuse the materials.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01151-00473966-00474382 Provided they give credit to the original authors.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01152-00474483-00474843 And the users can also distribute and adapt the
oYt2bXZKhmU-01153-00474843-00475204 materials, but only for noncommercial purposes.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01154-00475296-00475718 And if they do modify or adapt the material, they must apply
oYt2bXZKhmU-01155-00475718-00475982 the same licence to the new material.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01156-00476131-00476615 If you are unsure which license to choose, always check with
oYt2bXZKhmU-01157-00476615-00476964 instrument authors or project coordinators.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01158-00477059-00477480 For example, it might turn out you need permission from
oYt2bXZKhmU-01159-00477480-00477856 instrument authors to use or adapt an instrument.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01160-00477928-00478387 Or it could happen that you can't make the translation Open
oYt2bXZKhmU-01161-00478387-00478807 Access because the original instrument is a commercial
oYt2bXZKhmU-01162-00478807-00479114 instrument that you have to pay to use.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01163-00479510-00479989 Also think about image formats you want to store your files.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01164-00480109-00480712 A good practice is to save the data in a more open format that
oYt2bXZKhmU-01165-00480712-00481335 does not need a paid software to open it. So for example you can
oYt2bXZKhmU-01166-00481335-00481958 use open document or PDF instead of word documents or, separated
oYt2bXZKhmU-01167-00481958-00482303 value files instead of Excel files.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01168-00482650-00483103 Adopting these data management practices will make your
oYt2bXZKhmU-01169-00483103-00483412 instruments easier to find and reuse.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01170-00483483-00483838 And the risk of losing your data will be lower.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01171-00483958-00484421 These practices will also help you and others interpret your
oYt2bXZKhmU-01172-00484421-00484535 data correctly.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01173-00484668-00485124 You will be able to easily locate different versions of the
oYt2bXZKhmU-01174-00485124-00485595 instrument and understand them and use them throughout all of
oYt2bXZKhmU-01175-00485595-00485922 the stages of a project and in the future.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01176-00486128-00486405 We have now reached the end of the workshop.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01177-00486504-00486980 And we hope we have provided you with a better or a more nuanced
oYt2bXZKhmU-01178-00486980-00487413 understanding of the instrument translation and adaptation
oYt2bXZKhmU-01179-00487413-00487472 process.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01180-00487606-00487885 Translation is a crucial part.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01181-00487963-00488490 Of multi site projects and is often also time consuming tasks.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01182-00488490-00489042 So this contribution needs to be made more visible and we need to
oYt2bXZKhmU-01183-00489042-00489535 regularly recognize and credit people for doing this work.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01184-00489674-00490204 Through different examples we showed that there is no solution
oYt2bXZKhmU-01185-00490204-00490650 that works for every instrument or in every project.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01186-00490760-00491221 So weigh the benefits and costs of different approaches
oYt2bXZKhmU-01187-00491221-00491763 carefully, while keeping in mind some practical constraints, such
oYt2bXZKhmU-01188-00491763-00492256 as how much time you have to finish the project or how much
oYt2bXZKhmU-01189-00492256-00492413 money is available.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01190-00492534-00493003 And because it would be nice for your translation to make an
oYt2bXZKhmU-01191-00493003-00493441 impact even after the project has ended, think about how
oYt2bXZKhmU-01192-00493441-00493895 you're going to allow others to reuse the translations and
oYt2bXZKhmU-01193-00493895-00494180 prepare a good data management plan.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01194-00494500-00495037 Here is a list of books and articles that we used to prepare
oYt2bXZKhmU-01195-00495037-00495160 this workshop.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01196-00495293-00495807 You might also find them useful if you want to learn more about
oYt2bXZKhmU-01197-00495807-00495968 any of these topics.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01198-00496324-00496805 And here, here are the three resources we used to make our
oYt2bXZKhmU-01199-00496805-00496960 slides look pretty.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01200-00497247-00497453 Thank you for joining our workshop.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01201-00497526-00497965 And if you have any questions or comments, we would be glad to
oYt2bXZKhmU-01202-00497965-00498063 hear from you.
oYt2bXZKhmU-01203-00498193-00498496 Happy instrument translating and adapting.
oYICJo1k4ay-00000-00000129-00000327 Over to Susan.
oYICJo1k4ay-00001-00000327-00000552 Susan, before you start, everyone,
oYICJo1k4ay-00002-00000552-00000836 if you require any tech support, please communicate with me
oYICJo1k4ay-00003-00000836-00001113 in the general chat window on the left of your screen.
oYICJo1k4ay-00004-00001113-00001478 And Susan, whenever you're ready, go ahead.
oYICJo1k4ay-00005-00001478-00001676 Hi, everyone.
oYICJo1k4ay-00006-00001676-00001909 Thank you for rolling with the punches
oYICJo1k4ay-00007-00001909-00002248 when we had to cancel the last time.
oYICJo1k4ay-00008-00002248-00002480 And remember, if you have any questions,
oYICJo1k4ay-00009-00002480-00002683 please put them in the general chat box
oYICJo1k4ay-00010-00002683-00003218 and I will make sure they get answered at the end.
oYICJo1k4ay-00011-00003218-00003496 So this is our revised schedule.
oYICJo1k4ay-00012-00003496-00003804 We're adding a session on May 1.
oYICJo1k4ay-00013-00003804-00004235 But otherwise, May 8 and June 5 are already scheduled.
oYICJo1k4ay-00014-00004235-00004438 So just keep that in mind.
oYICJo1k4ay-00015-00004438-00004696 And remember, you can listen to the webinars live,
oYICJo1k4ay-00016-00004696-00004960 or you can listen to them as recordings.
oYICJo1k4ay-00017-00004960-00005299 You will get a credit either way.
oYICJo1k4ay-00018-00005299-00005558 If you need to reset your password,
oYICJo1k4ay-00019-00005558-00005788 this is the email address.
oYICJo1k4ay-00020-00005788-00006506 If you need to contact me, my email is right here.
oYICJo1k4ay-00021-00006920-00007063 I've turned it off.
oYICJo1k4ay-00022-00007063-00007139 It's right here.
oYICJo1k4ay-00023-00007139-00007325 You can contact me there.
oYICJo1k4ay-00024-00007325-00007631 If you have questions about course content,
oYICJo1k4ay-00025-00007631-00008221 you can post a query in the course discussion.
oYICJo1k4ay-00026-00008674-00009038 Remember, if you're working for a CREDLY badge for this course,
oYICJo1k4ay-00027-00009038-00009245 you need to listen to all the webinars
oYICJo1k4ay-00028-00009245-00009582 and you need to complete all the assignments.
oYICJo1k4ay-00029-00009582-00010040 And right now, last night we had 65 people who
oYICJo1k4ay-00030-00010040-00010199 had completed everything.
oYICJo1k4ay-00031-00010199-00010653 We had another 39 who had completed three of the four.
oYICJo1k4ay-00032-00010653-00011037 So those two webinars and two assignments.
oYICJo1k4ay-00033-00011037-00011506 And remember, you don't have to look at the webinars.
oYICJo1k4ay-00034-00011506-00011876 You can look at them either live or in person.
oYICJo1k4ay-00035-00011876-00012047 If you want to keep informed about what's
oYICJo1k4ay-00036-00012047-00012266 going on with Connecting to Collections Care,
oYICJo1k4ay-00037-00012266-00012891 you can join our community, and you can find the instructions
oYICJo1k4ay-00038-00012891-00013376 for doing that under the Discussions tab on our website.
oYICJo1k4ay-00039-00013376-00013712 And you can join us on Facebook or Twitter.
oYICJo1k4ay-00040-00013712-00014116 And next week, May Day, we have a lot of stuff going on
oYICJo1k4ay-00041-00014116-00014297 on our social media.
oYICJo1k4ay-00042-00014297-00014591 I know some of you will be here.
oYICJo1k4ay-00043-00014591-00015086 But there are prices and tips for emergency preparation
oYICJo1k4ay-00044-00015086-00015166 and response.
oYICJo1k4ay-00045-00015166-00015406 So take a look at that.
oYICJo1k4ay-00046-00015406-00015781 On May 9, we have a free webinar on Herbarium
oYICJo1k4ay-00047-00015781-00016392 and taking care of Herbarium specimens.
oYICJo1k4ay-00048-00016392-00016656 And if you need help with your collections,
oYICJo1k4ay-00049-00016656-00017073 you can call the National Heritage Responders
oYICJo1k4ay-00050-00017073-00017241 if you're in the US.
oYICJo1k4ay-00051-00017241-00017457 I'm sure other countries have them too.
oYICJo1k4ay-00052-00017457-00017664 So that's it for me.
oYICJo1k4ay-00053-00017664-00017976 I'm going to turn this over to Simon.
oYICJo1k4ay-00054-00017976-00018348 And so Simon, take it away.
oYICJo1k4ay-00055-00018348-00018403 Hi, everyone.
oYICJo1k4ay-00056-00018403-00018538 Welcome back.
oYICJo1k4ay-00057-00018538-00018970 This is the third installment of the RE-ORG course.
oYICJo1k4ay-00058-00018970-00019242 And so I'm happy to welcome you today
oYICJo1k4ay-00059-00019242-00019557 to "Integrating considerations for value and risk
oYICJo1k4ay-00060-00019557-00019767 into RE-ORG decision making."
oYICJo1k4ay-00061-00019767-00020274 Today we'll hear from José Luiz Pedersoli who is the project
oYICJo1k4ay-00062-00020274-00020733 manager in the Collections unit of ICCROM in Rome,
oYICJo1k4ay-00063-00020733-00021225 and also Marjolijn Debulpaep who is head of the Preventive
oYICJo1k4ay-00064-00021225-00021588 Conservation unit at the Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage
oYICJo1k4ay-00065-00021588-00021784 in Brussels.
oYICJo1k4ay-00066-00021784-00022332 And so I will, without further ado, move on to the next slide.
oYICJo1k4ay-00067-00022332-00022659 So our course objective overall for the four--
oYICJo1k4ay-00068-00022659-00022934 sorry, for the six webinars--
oYICJo1k4ay-00069-00022934-00023190 is that by the end of webinar 6, you
oYICJo1k4ay-00070-00023190-00023432 will be able to develop a basic RE-ORG plan
oYICJo1k4ay-00071-00023432-00023838 to improve collections access and care in one of your storage
oYICJo1k4ay-00072-00023838-00024183 rooms or in a storage room with which you're
oYICJo1k4ay-00073-00024183-00024665 familiar if you're not currently working in an institution.
oYICJo1k4ay-00074-00024665-00025140 And so this, as I mentioned, is the third installment.
oYICJo1k4ay-00075-00025140-00025401 And our objective for this specific session
oYICJo1k4ay-00076-00025401-00025710 is going to be that you all, participants, will
oYICJo1k4ay-00077-00025710-00025907 be able to recognize the importance
oYICJo1k4ay-00078-00025907-00026235 and be able to apply the principles of relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-00079-00026235-00026499 and risk assessment to inform decisions
oYICJo1k4ay-00080-00026499-00026712 about your RE-ORG projects.
oYICJo1k4ay-00081-00026712-00027089 So looking at risk reduction, prioritization,
oYICJo1k4ay-00082-00027089-00027474 optimization of value of the collections and storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00083-00027474-00027726 This is what we'll be covering today.
oYICJo1k4ay-00084-00027726-00028110 But I would like to remind you that all the materials
oYICJo1k4ay-00085-00028110-00028425 that we're using in the context of this course
oYICJo1k4ay-00086-00028425-00028833 are all available online for free on the ICCROM website
oYICJo1k4ay-00087-00028833-00029181 and are available in English, in French, in Spanish,
oYICJo1k4ay-00088-00029181-00029469 and Portuguese for the moment, but other languages
oYICJo1k4ay-00089-00029469-00029667 are forthcoming.
oYICJo1k4ay-00090-00029667-00030036 And RE-ORG method was developed by ICCROM
oYICJo1k4ay-00091-00030036-00030279 with the support of UNESCO and has
oYICJo1k4ay-00092-00030279-00030606 been adopted for distance learning
oYICJo1k4ay-00093-00030606-00030817 in collaboration with the Canadian Conservation
oYICJo1k4ay-00094-00030817-00030867 Institute.
oYICJo1k4ay-00095-00030867-00031095 So the link where you can find all the materials--
oYICJo1k4ay-00096-00031095-00031486 the workbook, the worksheets, and the additional resources--
oYICJo1k4ay-00097-00031486-00031664 is right here below the images.
oYICJo1k4ay-00098-00031918-00032225 Just a quick recap of what we did a few weeks ago.
oYICJo1k4ay-00099-00032225-00032461 There's been a few weeks in between the two webinars,
oYICJo1k4ay-00100-00032461-00032712 so I just want to do a quick review.
oYICJo1k4ay-00101-00032712-00032968 So the first thing I'd like to mention
oYICJo1k4ay-00102-00032968-00033298 is what we looked at in the second webinar
oYICJo1k4ay-00103-00033298-00033670 was looking a bit closer at Phase 2, which is the Condition
oYICJo1k4ay-00104-00033670-00033862 Report phase of RE-ORG.
oYICJo1k4ay-00105-00033862-00034096 And I mentioned that there were two ways that you could
oYICJo1k4ay-00106-00034096-00034414 approach the Condition Report.
oYICJo1k4ay-00107-00034414-00034678 There's basically a light version or an easier version,
oYICJo1k4ay-00108-00034678-00035075 a quicker version using the Self Evaluation Questionnaire
oYICJo1k4ay-00109-00035075-00035359 and the scores that you obtained,
oYICJo1k4ay-00110-00035359-00035683 or you can use the worksheets and the workbook
oYICJo1k4ay-00111-00035683-00035923 if you want kind of a more in-depth look
oYICJo1k4ay-00112-00035923-00036154 into specific areas or if you just
oYICJo1k4ay-00113-00036154-00036580 prefer to have a more thorough approach to your Condition
oYICJo1k4ay-00114-00036580-00036644 Report.
oYICJo1k4ay-00115-00036644-00036892 But ultimately, both of those approaches--
oYICJo1k4ay-00116-00036892-00037093 both the light and the in-depth--
oYICJo1k4ay-00117-00037093-00037560 will lead to you formulating a list of issues
oYICJo1k4ay-00118-00037560-00037777 in your current storage situation
oYICJo1k4ay-00119-00037777-00038085 and some proposed options for improvement.
oYICJo1k4ay-00120-00038085-00038473 Now, I see that there are 70 participants who
oYICJo1k4ay-00121-00038473-00038704 have submitted their assignments for week 2,
oYICJo1k4ay-00122-00038704-00039043 and they look fantastic.
oYICJo1k4ay-00123-00039043-00039274 I see that everyone has their own way
oYICJo1k4ay-00124-00039274-00039745 of doing their floor plans and prioritizing or listing
oYICJo1k4ay-00125-00039745-00039841 their issues.
oYICJo1k4ay-00126-00039841-00040322 But all in all, I think everyone understood the basic idea.
oYICJo1k4ay-00127-00040322-00040528 And so I'm really excited to look at--
oYICJo1k4ay-00128-00040528-00040672 I've looked at about half of them,
oYICJo1k4ay-00129-00040672-00040933 and I'm excited to look at the rest of them.
oYICJo1k4ay-00130-00040933-00041240 Congratulations on all those who completed that assignment.
oYICJo1k4ay-00131-00041240-00041740 That'll be really useful going forward in the next webinars.
oYICJo1k4ay-00132-00041740-00042022 So as we mentioned, also an important point
oYICJo1k4ay-00133-00042022-00042265 were the floor plans.
oYICJo1k4ay-00134-00042265-00042580 And we mentioned that there were four different types of floor
oYICJo1k4ay-00135-00042580-00042778 plans that were going to be really
oYICJo1k4ay-00136-00042778-00043032 useful in any RE-ORG project.
oYICJo1k4ay-00137-00043032-00043330 And that's the empty floor plan with just the walls.
oYICJo1k4ay-00138-00043330-00043503 And then we have the number two, which
oYICJo1k4ay-00139-00043503-00043810 is the plan with the walls and also the fixtures.
oYICJo1k4ay-00140-00043810-00044293 So all the kind of obstacles that you have in your room--
oYICJo1k4ay-00141-00044293-00044533 pipes, plumbing, things like that--
oYICJo1k4ay-00142-00044533-00044809 that might affect where you place different things
oYICJo1k4ay-00143-00044809-00045064 in your storage area.
oYICJo1k4ay-00144-00045064-00045385 And then number three is the plan with the walls
oYICJo1k4ay-00145-00045385-00045628 and with the storage furniture.
oYICJo1k4ay-00146-00045628-00045856 And then number four is the occupation plan,
oYICJo1k4ay-00147-00045856-00046156 which includes all of the collections and non-collections
oYICJo1k4ay-00148-00046156-00046447 that are currently on the floor and blocking access
oYICJo1k4ay-00149-00046447-00046813 to your collection, preventing you
oYICJo1k4ay-00150-00046813-00047119 from accessing your collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00151-00047119-00047602 And this plan, we mentioned, was a very useful communication
oYICJo1k4ay-00152-00047602-00047935 tool because sometimes pictures don't fully
oYICJo1k4ay-00153-00047935-00048379 capture the extent of the disorganization in a storage
oYICJo1k4ay-00154-00048379-00048429 area.
oYICJo1k4ay-00155-00048429-00048772 So it's very useful, especially when you'll be--
oYICJo1k4ay-00156-00048772-00049132 after your project when you have to do your after plan,
oYICJo1k4ay-00157-00049132-00049600 you can really communicate well the improvement that has--
oYICJo1k4ay-00158-00049600-00049915 that you've been able to accomplish before and after,
oYICJo1k4ay-00159-00049915-00050113 looking at those two plans together.
oYICJo1k4ay-00160-00050113-00050479 So it's very, very key planned out.
oYICJo1k4ay-00161-00050479-00050809 And I'm not going to be going in great detail
oYICJo1k4ay-00162-00050809-00051001 with these space optimization.
oYICJo1k4ay-00163-00051001-00051124 But one thing--
oYICJo1k4ay-00164-00051124-00051274 I know there's a lot of calculations
oYICJo1k4ay-00165-00051274-00051574 and it can get quite complex.
oYICJo1k4ay-00166-00051574-00051816 But one thing, if you can remember just one thing,
oYICJo1k4ay-00167-00051816-00052080 that there are three ways essentially
oYICJo1k4ay-00168-00052080-00052479 that you can optimize space in your current situation.
oYICJo1k4ay-00169-00052479-00052750 The first one is by optimizing the space
oYICJo1k4ay-00170-00052750-00052937 within units themselves.
oYICJo1k4ay-00171-00052937-00053203 So by regrouping objects of similar size
oYICJo1k4ay-00172-00053203-00053512 or adjusting the shelf height.
oYICJo1k4ay-00173-00053512-00053850 The second way is better using the room height.
oYICJo1k4ay-00174-00053850-00054214 So sometimes the units don't use the full available
oYICJo1k4ay-00175-00054214-00054349 vertical space in a room.
oYICJo1k4ay-00176-00054349-00054717 So that's the second way that you can improve--
oYICJo1k4ay-00177-00054717-00055021 you can optimize space in a storage area.
oYICJo1k4ay-00178-00055021-00055159 And the third way we talked about
oYICJo1k4ay-00179-00055159-00055447 is the optimization of floor space usage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00180-00055447-00055923 So that's getting close to 50% rule that we mentioned,
oYICJo1k4ay-00181-00055923-00056389 where you have essentially 50% of the space is
oYICJo1k4ay-00182-00056389-00056548 covered by units.
oYICJo1k4ay-00183-00056548-00057325 So that's usually a good ballpark way
oYICJo1k4ay-00184-00057325-00057616 of estimating whether or not you're using your floor
oYICJo1k4ay-00185-00057616-00057922 space optimally.
oYICJo1k4ay-00186-00057922-00058312 And finally, the last thing I'd like to look at in our recap
oYICJo1k4ay-00187-00058312-00058678 is we did do some polls last time,
oYICJo1k4ay-00188-00058678-00059016 and we had 75% participate in our poll.
oYICJo1k4ay-00189-00059016-00059280 And I asked people to give us their scores
oYICJo1k4ay-00190-00059280-00059566 for the self-evaluation.
oYICJo1k4ay-00191-00059566-00059899 And so I'm just dividing it here by color--
oYICJo1k4ay-00192-00059899-00060172 so the top one being everything is fine,
oYICJo1k4ay-00193-00060172-00060520 and the red one being you need to worry.
oYICJo1k4ay-00194-00060520-00060838 So everyone kind of--
oYICJo1k4ay-00195-00060838-00061297 where the bars end is where the score--
oYICJo1k4ay-00196-00061297-00061432 is how people scored.
oYICJo1k4ay-00197-00061432-00061678 And so you can see that most people ended up scoring
oYICJo1k4ay-00198-00061678-00062154 in the orange area, which is basically it's not dramatic
oYICJo1k4ay-00199-00062154-00062353 but you do need a reorganization project.
oYICJo1k4ay-00200-00062353-00062770 So people who are in this course are doing a good thing
oYICJo1k4ay-00201-00062770-00063049 by being in this course because it will be useful for you
oYICJo1k4ay-00202-00063049-00063205 in this situation.
oYICJo1k4ay-00203-00063205-00063408 So just a couple of points, though.
oYICJo1k4ay-00204-00063408-00063571 You can see that in building and space,
oYICJo1k4ay-00205-00063571-00063889 people tended to score a little bit better,
oYICJo1k4ay-00206-00063889-00064016 a little bit higher.
oYICJo1k4ay-00207-00064016-00064324 So the kind of inclination of those bars
oYICJo1k4ay-00208-00064324-00064558 is a bit less pronounced as in management,
oYICJo1k4ay-00209-00064558-00064813 for example, where you have more of a spread with people
oYICJo1k4ay-00210-00064813-00065236 doing lower and higher as well.
oYICJo1k4ay-00211-00065236-00065388 So you have more of an even spread.
oYICJo1k4ay-00212-00065388-00065529 But in building and space, there's
oYICJo1k4ay-00213-00065529-00065713 people that scored a little bit better.
oYICJo1k4ay-00214-00065713-00065941 And also in furniture and small equipment.
oYICJo1k4ay-00215-00065941-00066337 So people tended to score higher in the furniture
oYICJo1k4ay-00216-00066337-00066673 and small equipment section.
oYICJo1k4ay-00217-00066673-00066967 And finally, we asked people about the 10 criteria
oYICJo1k4ay-00218-00066967-00067240 for good storage, collection storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00219-00067240-00067585 And we also had 75 answers for that question.
oYICJo1k4ay-00220-00067585-00067936 And so the ones that people seemed to do better with
oYICJo1k4ay-00221-00067936-00068221 are the fact that one qualified member of staff
oYICJo1k4ay-00222-00068221-00068467 is in charge that's very good.
oYICJo1k4ay-00223-00068467-00068689 And then number three, separate spaces
oYICJo1k4ay-00224-00068689-00069019 are dedicated to support functions.
oYICJo1k4ay-00225-00069019-00069748 So the rooms that you need to work with the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00226-00069748-00069985 And the other one is number nine.
oYICJo1k4ay-00227-00069985-00070273 The building and storage rooms offer adequate protection
oYICJo1k4ay-00228-00070273-00070375 for the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00229-00070375-00070810 So 77% of you said that that was met, which is excellent
oYICJo1k4ay-00230-00070810-00070999 because if the building is in poor condition,
oYICJo1k4ay-00231-00070999-00071258 then all the rest is meaningless.
oYICJo1k4ay-00232-00071258-00071650 So important to have a good first line
oYICJo1k4ay-00233-00071650-00071789 of defense for your collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00234-00071789-00072043 So that's very good.
oYICJo1k4ay-00235-00072043-00072427 And in terms of the ones that tended to score lower,
oYICJo1k4ay-00236-00072427-00072772 we have the storage rooms contain only collection items,
oYICJo1k4ay-00237-00072772-00073087 collection objects, which is a common issue that we
oYICJo1k4ay-00238-00073087-00073286 find in a lot of cases.
oYICJo1k4ay-00239-00073286-00073485 Another one is every object has a designated
oYICJo1k4ay-00240-00073485-00073840 location in storage and can be located within three minutes.
oYICJo1k4ay-00241-00073840-00074086 It's not surprising that this scored lower as well.
oYICJo1k4ay-00242-00074086-00074263 I think, if you're in this course,
oYICJo1k4ay-00243-00074263-00074632 it's because you probably have issues with your collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00244-00074632-00074857 So hopefully, by the end of this course
oYICJo1k4ay-00245-00074857-00075338 and after you implement your project, that will be improved.
oYICJo1k4ay-00246-00075338-00075526 And also number six, every object
oYICJo1k4ay-00247-00075526-00075844 can be accessed without moving more than two others.
oYICJo1k4ay-00248-00075844-00076018 So that's also related to access.
oYICJo1k4ay-00249-00076018-00076491 So it's not uncommon for five and six to be sort of similar.
oYICJo1k4ay-00250-00076491-00076873 And number 10, every object is free from active deterioration
oYICJo1k4ay-00251-00076873-00077173 and is ready to be used for the museum's activities.
oYICJo1k4ay-00252-00077173-00077342 So as you work through your project,
oYICJo1k4ay-00253-00077342-00077662 these are issues that you'll be able to address as well.
oYICJo1k4ay-00254-00077662-00078013 After you've possibly done a physical reorganization
oYICJo1k4ay-00255-00078013-00078295 of the space, you'll be able to identify which objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00256-00078295-00078595 are actively deteriorating and isolate those
oYICJo1k4ay-00257-00078595-00078823 for actioning later on.
oYICJo1k4ay-00258-00078823-00079180 So this is the end of my recap.
oYICJo1k4ay-00259-00079180-00079546 And without further ado, I'd like to pass the microphone
oYICJo1k4ay-00260-00079546-00079816 over to José Luiz from ICCROM.
oYICJo1k4ay-00261-00080069-00080238 Hello, everyone.
oYICJo1k4ay-00262-00080238-00080399 Good evening from Rome.
oYICJo1k4ay-00263-00080399-00080645 I hope you are hearing me well.
oYICJo1k4ay-00264-00080645-00080924 And it's a great, great pleasure to participate
oYICJo1k4ay-00265-00080924-00081200 in this course with all of you.
oYICJo1k4ay-00266-00081200-00081401 Today, we will talk about integrating
oYICJo1k4ay-00267-00081401-00081872 consideration for value and risk into a RE-ORG project.
oYICJo1k4ay-00268-00081872-00082244 I will co-present this webinar with Marjolijn, who you already
oYICJo1k4ay-00269-00082244-00082497 know from the first one.
oYICJo1k4ay-00270-00082497-00082964 So the idea is that I will focus more on the conceptual aspects,
oYICJo1k4ay-00271-00082964-00083186 and Marjolijn will illustrate them
oYICJo1k4ay-00272-00083186-00083498 through examples from RE-ORG projects she
oYICJo1k4ay-00273-00083498-00083776 has been involved with.
oYICJo1k4ay-00274-00083776-00084056 So first of all, let's put a face to the name.
oYICJo1k4ay-00275-00084056-00084518 So that's me at the office here at ICCROM a few weeks ago.
oYICJo1k4ay-00276-00084518-00084968 And for your information, if you hear Marjolijn or Simon
oYICJo1k4ay-00277-00084968-00085476 referring to Zé Luiz or Luiz or even Zé,
oYICJo1k4ay-00278-00085476-00085625 that will be me as well.
oYICJo1k4ay-00279-00085625-00085937 So people call me different names and nicknames.
oYICJo1k4ay-00280-00085937-00086318 And for more information about ICCROM and what we do,
oYICJo1k4ay-00281-00086318-00087205 including RE-ORG, please visit our website at www.iccrom.org.
oYICJo1k4ay-00282-00087205-00087524 So if you don't mind, before we get started,
oYICJo1k4ay-00283-00087524-00087890 I would like to learn a little bit more about you.
oYICJo1k4ay-00284-00087890-00088248 So could we please bring in poll number one.
oYICJo1k4ay-00285-00088248-00088690 And if you are kindly willing to answer it about your job
oYICJo1k4ay-00286-00088690-00089167 or occupation so we can get an idea about diversity
oYICJo1k4ay-00287-00089167-00089677 in the group, although we are not too many this edition
oYICJo1k4ay-00288-00089677-00089825 of the webinar.
oYICJo1k4ay-00289-00089825-00090257 So I see one collection manager.
oYICJo1k4ay-00290-00090257-00090389 Two conservators.
oYICJo1k4ay-00291-00090672-00090757 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-00292-00090757-00091003 More conservators, restorers coming in.
oYICJo1k4ay-00293-00091003-00091146 A museum educator.
oYICJo1k4ay-00294-00091423-00091482 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-00295-00091482-00091716 So I think that's the population today.
oYICJo1k4ay-00296-00091716-00092130 Collection manager, conservator, restorer, and museum education.
oYICJo1k4ay-00297-00092130-00092466 So a great diversity and a lot of experience in the room.
oYICJo1k4ay-00298-00092466-00092589 Thanks a lot.
oYICJo1k4ay-00299-00092589-00092693 So let's get started.
oYICJo1k4ay-00300-00092969-00093426 So when carrying out a RE-ORG project,
oYICJo1k4ay-00301-00093426-00093618 it's important to look at the collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00302-00093618-00093860 through different lenses.
oYICJo1k4ay-00303-00093860-00094064 This allow us not only to optimize
oYICJo1k4ay-00304-00094064-00094502 the use of space, the accessibility, and the value
oYICJo1k4ay-00305-00094502-00094946 of the museum storage, but also to systematically reduce risk
oYICJo1k4ay-00306-00094946-00095204 to the collection in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00307-00095204-00095621 The first lens concerns the physical dimensions and weight
oYICJo1k4ay-00308-00095621-00096086 of the objects, which determine their handling, storage space,
oYICJo1k4ay-00309-00096086-00096290 and furniture requirements.
oYICJo1k4ay-00310-00096290-00096614 Remember in the last webinar you saw the 12 categories
oYICJo1k4ay-00311-00096614-00096962 of objects based on their dimensions and weight
oYICJo1k4ay-00312-00096962-00097521 which are proposed to help with the reorganization process.
oYICJo1k4ay-00313-00097521-00097853 The second lens concerns the relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-00314-00097853-00098240 or the relative importance of the objects in the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00315-00098240-00098675 This is essential to prioritize their protection
oYICJo1k4ay-00316-00098675-00099003 while optimizing their accessibility in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00317-00099003-00099272 Assessing the relative value of collection items
oYICJo1k4ay-00318-00099272-00099740 is also critical to deal with the growing issue of typically
oYICJo1k4ay-00319-00099740-00100043 high cost storage areas that are overcrowded
oYICJo1k4ay-00320-00100043-00100289 with undisplayed objects.
oYICJo1k4ay-00321-00100289-00100610 If the museum decides to deaccession and dispose
oYICJo1k4ay-00322-00100610-00100871 of collection items, their relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-00323-00100871-00101197 becomes the main decision criteria.
oYICJo1k4ay-00324-00101197-00101640 The third lens refers to the vulnerability and exposure
oYICJo1k4ay-00325-00101640-00101985 of the objects to different agents of deterioration.
oYICJo1k4ay-00326-00101985-00102339 For instance, to pests, to light, to water,
oYICJo1k4ay-00327-00102339-00102798 to excessive relative humidity fluctuations, et cetera.
oYICJo1k4ay-00328-00102798-00103176 This is crucial to reduce risk to the collection in storage
oYICJo1k4ay-00329-00103176-00103642 by avoiding or blocking the exposure of collection items,
oYICJo1k4ay-00330-00103642-00103909 especially those of high relative value,
oYICJo1k4ay-00331-00103909-00104234 to agents of deterioration they are vulnerable to.
oYICJo1k4ay-00332-00104234-00104628 For instance, avoid the exposure of water soluble material
oYICJo1k4ay-00333-00104628-00104967 to water, of sensitive colors to light and UV,
oYICJo1k4ay-00334-00104967-00105495 of delicate surfaces to dust, of easily breakable objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00335-00105495-00105768 to physical force, and so forth.
oYICJo1k4ay-00336-00105768-00106005 In order to do that, we have to know
oYICJo1k4ay-00337-00106005-00106365 the vulnerability of the objects and the possible ways
oYICJo1k4ay-00338-00106365-00106668 they could be exposed to the agents of deterioration
oYICJo1k4ay-00339-00106668-00106854 in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00340-00106854-00107232 This webinar will focus on the last two lenses you see there--
oYICJo1k4ay-00341-00107232-00107735 the relative value and the vulnerability and exposure.
oYICJo1k4ay-00342-00107735-00107952 Let's first have a look at the relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-00343-00107952-00108176 of objects in the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00344-00108176-00108570 By relative value, I mean how much more or less important
oYICJo1k4ay-00345-00108570-00109022 the objects are in relation to each other.
oYICJo1k4ay-00346-00109022-00109468 Think about the collection or a collection you work with.
oYICJo1k4ay-00347-00109468-00109726 If you don't work with any collection in particular,
oYICJo1k4ay-00348-00109726-00109963 think about a collection you know well.
oYICJo1k4ay-00349-00109963-00110199 Are you thinking about it now?
oYICJo1k4ay-00350-00110199-00110515 So please, let's answer the second poll which
oYICJo1k4ay-00351-00110515-00110674 you can see on the screen.
oYICJo1k4ay-00352-00110674-00110998 Do objects of your collection have the same importance
oYICJo1k4ay-00353-00110998-00111355 or the same relative value?
oYICJo1k4ay-00354-00111355-00111616 Give it a little bit of time for everyone to reply.
oYICJo1k4ay-00355-00112524-00112658 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-00356-00112658-00112939 So over 60% of you--
oYICJo1k4ay-00357-00112939-00112989 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-00358-00112989-00113118 2/3 said no.
oYICJo1k4ay-00359-00113118-00113505 So all objects do not have equal value.
oYICJo1k4ay-00360-00113505-00113868 And some of you consider that in your case,
oYICJo1k4ay-00361-00113868-00114121 all objects are equally important.
oYICJo1k4ay-00362-00114121-00114408 So as you can see, most of you share the opinion
oYICJo1k4ay-00363-00114408-00114645 that not all objects in the museum collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00364-00114645-00114876 have equal importance.
oYICJo1k4ay-00365-00114876-00115221 This is also the case in all museums I have been to
oYICJo1k4ay-00366-00115221-00115433 and I ask this question.
oYICJo1k4ay-00367-00115433-00115709 I understand that as heritage professionals
oYICJo1k4ay-00368-00115709-00116100 it can be tough to admit that some collection items are more
oYICJo1k4ay-00369-00116100-00116343 important than others, but this is
oYICJo1k4ay-00370-00116343-00116746 the reality in most, if not all, institutions.
oYICJo1k4ay-00371-00116746-00117036 And we have to deal with that.
oYICJo1k4ay-00372-00117036-00117332 Now, still considering the same collection,
oYICJo1k4ay-00373-00117332-00117623 please have a look at the next poll.
oYICJo1k4ay-00374-00117623-00117883 Why are some objects of your collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00375-00117883-00118076 more important than the others?
oYICJo1k4ay-00376-00118076-00118274 So to answer this question, please
oYICJo1k4ay-00377-00118274-00118778 select only two or three of the best answers that
oYICJo1k4ay-00378-00118778-00118928 apply to your situation.
oYICJo1k4ay-00379-00119285-00119490 So concerning this collection, why
oYICJo1k4ay-00380-00119490-00119802 are some objects more or less important than others?
oYICJo1k4ay-00381-00120209-00120290 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-00382-00120290-00120473 So we saw here--
oYICJo1k4ay-00383-00120473-00120808 OK, there's another criteria coming in.
oYICJo1k4ay-00384-00120808-00121265 So majority of you said, because they are essential testimonies
oYICJo1k4ay-00385-00121265-00121458 of the past.
oYICJo1k4ay-00386-00121458-00121716 Some of you are saying they are indispensable
oYICJo1k4ay-00387-00121716-00121965 for scientific research.
oYICJo1k4ay-00388-00121965-00122277 Also because they have high monetary value
oYICJo1k4ay-00389-00122277-00122713 and/or because they are in excellent condition.
oYICJo1k4ay-00390-00122713-00123280 So different types of values or characteristics of the objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00391-00123280-00123601 have emerged as the main reason to explain
oYICJo1k4ay-00392-00123601-00123883 the difference in relative value among the objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00393-00123883-00124021 of the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00394-00124021-00124213 So why is that?
oYICJo1k4ay-00395-00124213-00124582 One explanation could be that we as individuals
oYICJo1k4ay-00396-00124582-00124925 appreciate and value heritage items differently.
oYICJo1k4ay-00397-00124925-00125286 For instance, I like more art than history,
oYICJo1k4ay-00398-00125286-00125674 or I am a very religious person and therefore those features
oYICJo1k4ay-00399-00125674-00125857 are more important to me.
oYICJo1k4ay-00400-00125857-00126084 Another explanation would be that you
oYICJo1k4ay-00401-00126084-00126408 are thinking about the mission of the museum
oYICJo1k4ay-00402-00126408-00126730 when answering this question.
oYICJo1k4ay-00403-00126730-00127086 We can move on to remove the poll, please.
oYICJo1k4ay-00404-00127578-00127926 Knowing and referring to the museum's mission
oYICJo1k4ay-00405-00127926-00128232 is essential to assess the relative value of collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00406-00128232-00128353 items.
oYICJo1k4ay-00407-00128353-00128793 Mission is at the core of the relative importance of objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00408-00128793-00129064 in that particular context.
oYICJo1k4ay-00409-00129064-00129576 So let us please have a look at the next poll, and let's
oYICJo1k4ay-00410-00129576-00129726 be sincere now.
oYICJo1k4ay-00411-00129726-00130026 So do you know the mission statement of your mission
oYICJo1k4ay-00412-00130026-00130171 by heart?
oYICJo1k4ay-00413-00130171-00130221 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-00414-00130221-00130395 One colleague does.
oYICJo1k4ay-00415-00130395-00130576 Two.
oYICJo1k4ay-00416-00130576-00130883 One does not work in a museum.
oYICJo1k4ay-00417-00130883-00130933 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-00418-00131293-00131485 That varies.
oYICJo1k4ay-00419-00131485-00131724 But it's important.
oYICJo1k4ay-00420-00131724-00132004 When we consider relative assessment,
oYICJo1k4ay-00421-00132004-00132361 it's important to take the mission of the museum
oYICJo1k4ay-00422-00132361-00132718 as the core because the institutional mission
oYICJo1k4ay-00423-00132718-00133054 determines what are the relevant criteria
oYICJo1k4ay-00424-00133054-00133382 to use when comparing objects.
oYICJo1k4ay-00425-00133382-00133657 For instance, if I am a museum of art,
oYICJo1k4ay-00426-00133657-00133967 artistic value becomes a major criteria.
oYICJo1k4ay-00427-00133967-00134255 On the other hand, if I'm a national history museum,
oYICJo1k4ay-00428-00134255-00134784 historic and symbolic value predominate, and so on.
oYICJo1k4ay-00429-00134784-00134888 So let's move on.
oYICJo1k4ay-00430-00134888-00135047 We can remove the poll.
oYICJo1k4ay-00431-00135047-00135377 Yes, the criteria was still evolving.
oYICJo1k4ay-00432-00135377-00135698 Let's see a concrete example.
oYICJo1k4ay-00433-00135698-00136015 Remember the Colchester Historeum
oYICJo1k4ay-00434-00136015-00136214 Simon showed in the first webinar
oYICJo1k4ay-00435-00136214-00136546 to illustrate RE-ORG in practice.
oYICJo1k4ay-00436-00136546-00136924 Let's take a minute to read to its mission statement,
oYICJo1k4ay-00437-00136924-00137086 which I got from their website.
oYICJo1k4ay-00438-00137748-00137970 According to this mission statement,
oYICJo1k4ay-00439-00137970-00138273 provenance and historical significance
oYICJo1k4ay-00440-00138273-00138561 seem to be the main criteria to determine
oYICJo1k4ay-00441-00138561-00138822 the relative value of the artifacts and documents
oYICJo1k4ay-00442-00138822-00138960 of the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00443-00138960-00139452 Symbolic value-- that is, how much items are emblematic,
oYICJo1k4ay-00444-00139452-00139893 representative, or otherwise characteristic of the county--
oYICJo1k4ay-00445-00139893-00140260 might be the next most important criterion.
oYICJo1k4ay-00446-00140260-00140620 Taken separately from the county's context and history,
oYICJo1k4ay-00447-00140620-00140872 artistic, scientific, and spiritual values
oYICJo1k4ay-00448-00140872-00141067 are not predominant.
oYICJo1k4ay-00449-00141067-00141430 However, they would probably be important tiebreakers
oYICJo1k4ay-00450-00141430-00141769 when comparing among artifacts of proven provenance
oYICJo1k4ay-00451-00141769-00142099 and significance for the history of the county.
oYICJo1k4ay-00452-00142099-00142366 Object condition and monetary value
oYICJo1k4ay-00453-00142366-00142791 could also be considered in some of these cases.
oYICJo1k4ay-00454-00142791-00143103 Now back to the general considerations.
oYICJo1k4ay-00455-00143103-00143283 Sometimes the mission of the museum
oYICJo1k4ay-00456-00143283-00143601 is not very clear or well focused.
oYICJo1k4ay-00457-00143601-00144024 In more extreme situations it might be not clear at all,
oYICJo1k4ay-00458-00144024-00144369 granting permission to a museum of everything.
oYICJo1k4ay-00459-00144369-00144643 I mean, everything fits the mission statement.
oYICJo1k4ay-00460-00144643-00144999 In those cases, assessing the relative value of objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00461-00144999-00145170 gets complicated.
oYICJo1k4ay-00462-00145170-00145446 It will be useful to review the museum's mission
oYICJo1k4ay-00463-00145446-00145653 before proceeding.
oYICJo1k4ay-00464-00145653-00146028 If this is your case, embarking on a RE-ORG project
oYICJo1k4ay-00465-00146028-00146355 can offer a great opportunity to make this reflection
oYICJo1k4ay-00466-00146355-00146565 at the institutional level.
oYICJo1k4ay-00467-00146565-00146832 The mission should clearly state the raison d'etre
oYICJo1k4ay-00468-00146832-00147083 of the museum.
oYICJo1k4ay-00469-00147083-00147266 Relative value assessments can be
oYICJo1k4ay-00470-00147266-00147593 made both in the qualitative and quantitative way
oYICJo1k4ay-00471-00147593-00147878 depending on the objectives of the organization.
oYICJo1k4ay-00472-00147878-00148079 Describing the methodologies to do so
oYICJo1k4ay-00473-00148079-00148355 is beyond the scope of today's webinar.
oYICJo1k4ay-00474-00148355-00148652 Irrespective of the method chosen, the museum
oYICJo1k4ay-00475-00148652-00148934 should be able to establish categories of objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00476-00148934-00149168 based on their relative value, which
oYICJo1k4ay-00477-00149168-00149631 in turn should be meaningful to inform management decisions.
oYICJo1k4ay-00478-00149631-00149741 Let's see a few examples.
oYICJo1k4ay-00479-00150365-00150656 In this slide, I'll walk you through a simple example
oYICJo1k4ay-00480-00150656-00150959 of how to approach the establishment of relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-00481-00150959-00151213 categories for a collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00482-00151213-00151561 Let's start easy by assuming that all objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00483-00151561-00151843 of the collection have more or less the same relative
oYICJo1k4ay-00484-00151843-00151939 importance.
oYICJo1k4ay-00485-00151939-00152440 So each object is of average value to the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00486-00152440-00152716 Does this make sense in your collection?
oYICJo1k4ay-00487-00152716-00153085 If so, you can move on with your RE-ORG project
oYICJo1k4ay-00488-00153085-00153406 without worrying about differences in relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-00489-00153406-00153640 among the objects in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00490-00153640-00153922 If not, perhaps this is because there
oYICJo1k4ay-00491-00153922-00154180 are some objects whose relative value,
oYICJo1k4ay-00492-00154180-00154456 taking into account the mission of the museum,
oYICJo1k4ay-00493-00154456-00154687 is significantly above average--
oYICJo1k4ay-00494-00154687-00155107 let's say one order of magnitude or about 10 times higher
oYICJo1k4ay-00495-00155107-00155263 than average.
oYICJo1k4ay-00496-00155263-00155623 This means that the collection has at least two relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-00497-00155623-00155740 categories--
oYICJo1k4ay-00498-00155740-00156204 average value, and then the high value objects.
oYICJo1k4ay-00499-00156204-00156544 Does this reflect better your collection?
oYICJo1k4ay-00500-00156544-00156964 Perhaps it has also few very special objects whose relative
oYICJo1k4ay-00501-00156964-00157124 value is even higher--
oYICJo1k4ay-00502-00157124-00157498 let's say at least two orders of magnitude or about 100 times
oYICJo1k4ay-00503-00157498-00157769 above average.
oYICJo1k4ay-00504-00157769-00158180 These treasures, they would make up a third relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-00505-00158180-00158359 category.
oYICJo1k4ay-00506-00158359-00158710 Now comes the painful part for many of us.
oYICJo1k4ay-00507-00158710-00158917 There might be objects in the collection that
oYICJo1k4ay-00508-00158917-00159247 do not serve the mission of the museum at all.
oYICJo1k4ay-00509-00159247-00159490 I mean objects that have no value
oYICJo1k4ay-00510-00159490-00159942 in that particular collection or museum.
oYICJo1k4ay-00511-00159942-00160146 What should be done with them?
oYICJo1k4ay-00512-00160146-00160467 Could the museum make better use of their available resources
oYICJo1k4ay-00513-00160467-00160845 by deaccessioning and disposing of these items?
oYICJo1k4ay-00514-00160845-00161124 In order to address these important questions,
oYICJo1k4ay-00515-00161124-00161496 it is first necessary to check if such items exist
oYICJo1k4ay-00516-00161496-00161865 in the collection through a relative value assessment.
oYICJo1k4ay-00517-00161865-00162126 Please keep in mind that for RE-ORG, it
oYICJo1k4ay-00518-00162126-00162543 is also necessary to identify non-collection items that
oYICJo1k4ay-00519-00162543-00162780 might have ended up in the storage space
oYICJo1k4ay-00520-00162780-00163089 together with collection items.
oYICJo1k4ay-00521-00163089-00163455 So in this example, we have identified different categories
oYICJo1k4ay-00522-00163455-00163765 of objects and approximately quantified
oYICJo1k4ay-00523-00163765-00164094 their relative importance by orders of magnitude.
oYICJo1k4ay-00524-00164094-00164352 As I said before, this kind of assessment
oYICJo1k4ay-00525-00164352-00164712 can be purely qualitative or fully quantitative
oYICJo1k4ay-00526-00164712-00164955 depending on the goal of the assessment.
oYICJo1k4ay-00527-00164955-00165321 Let's now see some concrete case of relative value assessment
oYICJo1k4ay-00528-00165321-00165742 in heritage collections.
oYICJo1k4ay-00529-00165742-00166153 According to a recent article in the New York Times,
oYICJo1k4ay-00530-00166153-00166438 the Indianapolis Museum of Art has recently
oYICJo1k4ay-00531-00166438-00166717 carried out a relative value assessment
oYICJo1k4ay-00532-00166717-00167281 by ranking each of the 54,000 items in its collections
oYICJo1k4ay-00533-00167281-00167677 with letter grades from A to D to determine which ones
oYICJo1k4ay-00534-00167677-00167987 may be a drain on resources.
oYICJo1k4ay-00535-00167987-00168457 20% of the items received a D, making
oYICJo1k4ay-00536-00168457-00168898 them, quote, "ripe to be sold or given to another institution,"
oYICJo1k4ay-00537-00168898-00169050 unquote.
oYICJo1k4ay-00538-00169050-00169317 Being an art museum, the main criterion
oYICJo1k4ay-00539-00169317-00169614 to assess the relative value of the collection items
oYICJo1k4ay-00540-00169614-00169905 must have been their artistic value, also
oYICJo1k4ay-00541-00169905-00170235 taking into account their current condition, authorship,
oYICJo1k4ay-00542-00170235-00170542 and maybe other relevant criteria.
oYICJo1k4ay-00543-00170542-00170872 The article goes on to say that the museum was so
oYICJo1k4ay-00544-00170872-00171154 jammed with undisplayed artwork that it
oYICJo1k4ay-00545-00171154-00171694 was about to spend $40 million US to double its storage
oYICJo1k4ay-00546-00171694-00172075 space until the director abruptly canceled the plan.
oYICJo1k4ay-00547-00172075-00172504 According to the museum director, quote,
oYICJo1k4ay-00548-00172504-00172732 "This is the inevitable march where
oYICJo1k4ay-00549-00172732-00173203 you have to build more storage, more storage, more storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00550-00173203-00173392 I don't think this is sustainable."
oYICJo1k4ay-00551-00173392-00173530 Unquote.
oYICJo1k4ay-00552-00173530-00173956 This example reminded me of the Deltaplan, the Dutch National
oYICJo1k4ay-00553-00173956-00174205 Preservation and Management Strategy
oYICJo1k4ay-00554-00174205-00174715 for Cultural Heritage launched in 1991.
oYICJo1k4ay-00555-00174715-00175011 A nationwide relative value assessment
oYICJo1k4ay-00556-00175011-00175476 was carried out, including 21 state museums, 12 state
oYICJo1k4ay-00557-00175476-00175859 archives, among other the national heritage collections.
oYICJo1k4ay-00558-00175859-00176112 Here, the collections were also classified
oYICJo1k4ay-00559-00176112-00176385 into four relative value categories,
oYICJo1k4ay-00560-00176385-00176670 ranking from A to D.
oYICJo1k4ay-00561-00176670-00177115 Category A objects were irreplaceable and indispensable
oYICJo1k4ay-00562-00177115-00177466 in the context of the museum's goals and the country's
oYICJo1k4ay-00563-00177466-00177734 cultural heritage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00564-00177734-00178094 Objects in Category B were significant enough
oYICJo1k4ay-00565-00178094-00178352 and displayed in temporary exhibitions.
oYICJo1k4ay-00566-00178352-00178655 In Category C, the object does not
oYICJo1k4ay-00567-00178655-00178946 meet the criteria for A or B above
oYICJo1k4ay-00568-00178946-00179268 but still fits into the museum's mission.
oYICJo1k4ay-00569-00179268-00179798 And in category D, the object is of little or no cultural value
oYICJo1k4ay-00570-00179798-00180072 or does not fit the museum mission.
oYICJo1k4ay-00571-00180072-00180551 So Category D objects, the text says that,
oYICJo1k4ay-00572-00180551-00181013 quote, "The collection should be purified of these objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00573-00181013-00181274 through deaccessioning or destruction,
oYICJo1k4ay-00574-00181274-00181709 or they should be considered for exchange, loan,
oYICJo1k4ay-00575-00181709-00182164 or as a final option, deaccessioning."
oYICJo1k4ay-00576-00182164-00182515 So let's recapitulate why is it useful to look
oYICJo1k4ay-00577-00182515-00182788 at the collection through the lens of relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-00578-00182788-00183072 when doing our RE-ORG project.
oYICJo1k4ay-00579-00183072-00183363 This puts us in a better position
oYICJo1k4ay-00580-00183363-00183820 to prioritize for exchange, loans, deaccessioning,
oYICJo1k4ay-00581-00183820-00184117 disposing, and to check between collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00582-00184117-00184419 and non-collection items; to highlight
oYICJo1k4ay-00583-00184419-00184644 the value of the collection and storage
oYICJo1k4ay-00584-00184644-00185110 by showcasing special items; and to prioritize
oYICJo1k4ay-00585-00185110-00185446 for protection through evacuation planning and risk
oYICJo1k4ay-00586-00185446-00185673 reduction.
oYICJo1k4ay-00587-00185673-00185963 Now we'll see some practical examples
oYICJo1k4ay-00588-00185963-00186362 of this approach or this lens in the RE-ORG project
oYICJo1k4ay-00589-00186362-00186635 that Marjolijn has been involved with.
oYICJo1k4ay-00590-00186635-00186914 Please note that risk reduction examples
oYICJo1k4ay-00591-00186914-00187181 will be shown later on after we discuss
oYICJo1k4ay-00592-00187181-00187526 the lens of vulnerability and exposure.
oYICJo1k4ay-00593-00187526-00187899 Over to you, Marjolijn.
oYICJo1k4ay-00594-00187899-00188118 Hi everybody.
oYICJo1k4ay-00595-00188118-00188385 It's the second time since the first webinar
oYICJo1k4ay-00596-00188385-00188763 I have the pleasure to share some personal RE-ORG experience
oYICJo1k4ay-00597-00188763-00188914 with you.
oYICJo1k4ay-00598-00188914-00189288 This is me at the office here at KIKIRPA in Brussels
oYICJo1k4ay-00599-00189288-00189441 a few days ago.
oYICJo1k4ay-00600-00189441-00189771 And by now, you all know me as Marjo
oYICJo1k4ay-00601-00189771-00190118 but my real name is Marjolijn.
oYICJo1k4ay-00602-00190118-00190514 Anyway, I'm going to show you some practical examples
oYICJo1k4ay-00603-00190514-00190721 of using the relative value concept
oYICJo1k4ay-00604-00190721-00191078 in some RE-ORG projects I've been involved with the last two
oYICJo1k4ay-00605-00191078-00191186 years.
oYICJo1k4ay-00606-00191186-00191504 Let's have a look at some situations where
oYICJo1k4ay-00607-00191504-00191831 you use somehow relative value while defining
oYICJo1k4ay-00608-00191831-00192210 what is collection and non-collection in your storage,
oYICJo1k4ay-00609-00192210-00192497 whether it is for getting rid of the non-collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00610-00192497-00192824 because it's garbage or not belonging in storage,
oYICJo1k4ay-00611-00192824-00193224 like exhibition and packing material, display cases,
oYICJo1k4ay-00612-00193224-00193616 [INAUDIBLE],, or whether the non-collection in your storage
oYICJo1k4ay-00613-00193616-00194099 can be exchanged, deaccessioned, and disposed of.
oYICJo1k4ay-00614-00194099-00194411 During the phase two of your RE-ORG project, which
oYICJo1k4ay-00615-00194411-00194648 is the Condition Report stage, one
oYICJo1k4ay-00616-00194648-00194969 of the most important and exciting steps to undertake
oYICJo1k4ay-00617-00194969-00195191 is to walk through the entire collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00618-00195191-00195485 and put sticky notes to identify what is
oYICJo1k4ay-00619-00195485-00195725 collection and non-collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00620-00195725-00196007 I showed you this slide already because it's the
oYICJo1k4ay-00621-00196007-00196391 collection/non-collection moment during the workshop in the Folk
oYICJo1k4ay-00622-00196391-00196772 Art storage in Brussels, which I showed in detail during
oYICJo1k4ay-00623-00196772-00196920 the first webinar.
oYICJo1k4ay-00624-00196920-00197204 And as the curator could not always be around,
oYICJo1k4ay-00625-00197204-00197600 we provided blue notes to stick on those items which
oYICJo1k4ay-00626-00197600-00198020 we were not sure of if they fitted the museum's mission.
oYICJo1k4ay-00627-00198020-00198326 And here you see the non-collection items
oYICJo1k4ay-00628-00198326-00198705 with red sticky notes on top of the cabinets.
oYICJo1k4ay-00629-00198705-00199071 The items in the cabinets and the small drawers
oYICJo1k4ay-00630-00199071-00199285 will remain as collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00631-00199285-00199484 They received yellow notes.
oYICJo1k4ay-00632-00199484-00199865 The light blue sticky notes meant that the curator still
oYICJo1k4ay-00633-00199865-00200165 has to come and assess the relative importance
oYICJo1k4ay-00634-00200165-00200570 of the collection in those two gray cabinets.
oYICJo1k4ay-00635-00200570-00200879 I suppose you all remember that the collection/non-collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00636-00200879-00201179 exercise has to be drawn on the plan four,
oYICJo1k4ay-00637-00201179-00201465 which is the floor occupation plan.
oYICJo1k4ay-00638-00201465-00201671 And here you see a picture of participants
oYICJo1k4ay-00639-00201671-00202175 working on their plan four being physically in the room.
oYICJo1k4ay-00640-00202175-00202466 On your right you see the curator, Linda,
oYICJo1k4ay-00641-00202466-00202856 who helps analyzing the collection but at the same time
oYICJo1k4ay-00642-00202856-00203126 uses her knowledge on the relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-00643-00203126-00203537 of her collection items to help us decide what should stay
oYICJo1k4ay-00644-00203537-00203928 and what should be removed from the storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00645-00203928-00204306 In many cases, it's an easygoing and intuitive decision
oYICJo1k4ay-00646-00204306-00204723 whether to get rid of garbage like the wooden plank
oYICJo1k4ay-00647-00204723-00204825 on the carpet--
oYICJo1k4ay-00648-00204825-00205131 I'm going to try to find the arrow-- like this one
oYICJo1k4ay-00649-00205131-00205551 here, especially when you work in your own collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00650-00206021-00206473 But like Zé Luiz explained, relative value or importance
oYICJo1k4ay-00651-00206473-00206654 has many criteria.
oYICJo1k4ay-00652-00206654-00207044 And Linda decided to keep the carpets, which
oYICJo1k4ay-00653-00207044-00207227 you see on the floor.
oYICJo1k4ay-00654-00207227-00207571 She decided to keep it in storage even
oYICJo1k4ay-00655-00207571-00208037 being of an average value, whereas this more valuable
oYICJo1k4ay-00656-00208037-00208273 chair became non-collection and was
oYICJo1k4ay-00657-00208273-00208526 given to another internal curator
oYICJo1k4ay-00658-00208526-00209010 responsible for another collection of the museum.
oYICJo1k4ay-00659-00209010-00209309 Here you see a picture of what an outside room
oYICJo1k4ay-00660-00209309-00209585 with non-collection looks like after physically
oYICJo1k4ay-00661-00209585-00209792 separating collection from non-collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00662-00209792-00210278 And these mannequins, they are non-collection for the Folk Art
oYICJo1k4ay-00663-00210278-00210435 storage in Brussels.
oYICJo1k4ay-00664-00210435-00210766 But if I remember well, the Colchester Historeum
oYICJo1k4ay-00665-00210766-00211028 in Canada with their Props storage
oYICJo1k4ay-00666-00211028-00211228 would probably not have thrown them away.
oYICJo1k4ay-00667-00211228-00211529 So all depends on what is important or valuable
oYICJo1k4ay-00668-00211529-00211942 for a museum and why it is so.
oYICJo1k4ay-00669-00211942-00212138 During another workshop I took a picture
oYICJo1k4ay-00670-00212138-00212480 of a participant who is not really sure about whether he
oYICJo1k4ay-00671-00212480-00212762 should listen to the museum director
oYICJo1k4ay-00672-00212762-00213110 and throw away this very uncomplete object which
oYICJo1k4ay-00673-00213110-00213338 was impossible to save.
oYICJo1k4ay-00674-00213338-00213821 It was of non-relevant value category for this museum,
oYICJo1k4ay-00675-00213821-00214196 and the storage was filled with dozens of other chandeliers
oYICJo1k4ay-00676-00214196-00214475 of a much higher value.
oYICJo1k4ay-00677-00214475-00214817 Nevertheless, most of the time, non-collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00678-00214817-00215242 is really packing material just filling up space
oYICJo1k4ay-00679-00215242-00215582 in your storage, as you see here.
oYICJo1k4ay-00680-00215582-00215864 After all those years, while helping museum professionals
oYICJo1k4ay-00681-00215864-00216167 to get a grip on their collections and storage,
oYICJo1k4ay-00682-00216167-00216341 I feel a lot of respect for those
oYICJo1k4ay-00683-00216341-00216617 who truly dare to reflect in-depth
oYICJo1k4ay-00684-00216617-00217001 on the relative importance of what they have in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00685-00217001-00217205 It's not frequent, but some of them
oYICJo1k4ay-00686-00217205-00217580 also dare to take decisions and to take the responsibility
oYICJo1k4ay-00687-00217580-00217883 of evacuating items which really don't
oYICJo1k4ay-00688-00217883-00218392 fit their museum's mission, like these tables here.
oYICJo1k4ay-00689-00218392-00218621 They became non-collection and some were
oYICJo1k4ay-00690-00218621-00218917 to be exchanged, some to be deaccessioned,
oYICJo1k4ay-00691-00218917-00219058 and some to be thrown away.
oYICJo1k4ay-00692-00219332-00219630 I suppose some of you are in shock,
oYICJo1k4ay-00693-00219630-00220023 but those are tables that the municipality dropped off
oYICJo1k4ay-00694-00220023-00220341 in the storage over the years when emptying and changing
oYICJo1k4ay-00695-00220341-00220631 the interior of the municipal executive.
oYICJo1k4ay-00696-00220631-00220898 And I'm sure most of you managing a collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00697-00220898-00221294 in storage have to fight against people bringing in stuff which
oYICJo1k4ay-00698-00221294-00221609 is completely unrelevant to your collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00699-00221609-00221912 or, with a bit of luck, of an average value to your museum.
oYICJo1k4ay-00700-00222190-00222544 This is the floor occupation plan of a storage in China,
oYICJo1k4ay-00701-00222544-00222894 on which I drew the collection in green and the non-collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00702-00222894-00223128 in red, as you see here.
oYICJo1k4ay-00703-00223128-00223357 And as you see on the plan, there
oYICJo1k4ay-00704-00223357-00223651 wasn't any furniture to house the collection,
oYICJo1k4ay-00705-00223651-00224135 and there was almost no way to circulate between the items.
oYICJo1k4ay-00706-00224135-00224633 It was quite an unvaluable storage room
oYICJo1k4ay-00707-00224633-00224873 amongst other, more valuable ones.
oYICJo1k4ay-00708-00224873-00225215 And here, almost all non-relevant collection items
oYICJo1k4ay-00709-00225215-00225506 of the museum were stored or better,
oYICJo1k4ay-00710-00225506-00225776 as you see on the slide, thrown in.
oYICJo1k4ay-00711-00225776-00225983 I show you this situation and this picture
oYICJo1k4ay-00712-00225983-00226310 because everything proves that these objects were
oYICJo1k4ay-00713-00226310-00226646 of no real value for the museum in general.
oYICJo1k4ay-00714-00226646-00227039 But I can assure you it never took me so much time during
oYICJo1k4ay-00715-00227039-00227344 a workshop to complete the collection/non-collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00716-00227344-00227657 exercise then here.
oYICJo1k4ay-00717-00227657-00228008 Even to me many of those dirty and broken objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00718-00228008-00228225 seems of no relative value.
oYICJo1k4ay-00719-00228225-00228530 I also acknowledge fully that asking a curator
oYICJo1k4ay-00720-00228530-00228821 to build relative value categories
oYICJo1k4ay-00721-00228821-00229192 is a difficult and sometimes unpleasant assignment to do.
oYICJo1k4ay-00722-00229192-00229415 In this particular case in China,
oYICJo1k4ay-00723-00229415-00229754 lack of time, but mainly responsibility issues
oYICJo1k4ay-00724-00229754-00230098 made it impossible to work on the value issue.
oYICJo1k4ay-00725-00230098-00230333 For me, a RE-ORG project is trying
oYICJo1k4ay-00726-00230333-00230553 to see things in perspective.
oYICJo1k4ay-00727-00230553-00230864 And when you can hardly enter an overcrowded storage
oYICJo1k4ay-00728-00230864-00231196 with almost no light fixtures and overfull cabinets,
oYICJo1k4ay-00729-00231196-00231548 I think individual object conservation
oYICJo1k4ay-00730-00231548-00231796 is of a secondary concern.
oYICJo1k4ay-00731-00231796-00232013 Also, a huge lack of space should
oYICJo1k4ay-00732-00232013-00232369 push us, together with the curator or director,
oYICJo1k4ay-00733-00232369-00232866 to at least try to go through a relative value assessment.
oYICJo1k4ay-00734-00232866-00233136 Now let me show you some examples
oYICJo1k4ay-00735-00233136-00233544 of highlighting the value of your collection in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00736-00233544-00233823 I hope you still remember the final plan of the Brussels
oYICJo1k4ay-00737-00233823-00234354 storage, where 12,000 objects were stored in 120 cabinets
oYICJo1k4ay-00738-00234354-00234840 and the collection was dispersed over 11 connecting sectors,
oYICJo1k4ay-00739-00234840-00235192 which are all these ones.
oYICJo1k4ay-00740-00235192-00235464 The 3,000 square feet storage enabled
oYICJo1k4ay-00741-00235464-00235911 us to create a long exhibition store, here in green,
oYICJo1k4ay-00742-00235911-00236539 on top of each sector of storage-- ceramics, paintings.
oYICJo1k4ay-00743-00236539-00236836 And on top of each sector, cabinets
oYICJo1k4ay-00744-00236836-00237048 are housing representative objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00745-00237048-00237289 of each type of collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00746-00237289-00237811 I show you here on the right a view of the long corridor
oYICJo1k4ay-00747-00237811-00238078 after the RE-ORG project with the closed
oYICJo1k4ay-00748-00238078-00238354 cabinets between the sectors.
oYICJo1k4ay-00749-00238354-00238836 And here you see two open cabinets
oYICJo1k4ay-00750-00238836-00239094 used as a kind of showroom.
oYICJo1k4ay-00751-00239094-00239389 And the curator, she chose to show
oYICJo1k4ay-00752-00239389-00239785 a mix of visual attractive but less valuable
oYICJo1k4ay-00753-00239785-00240219 objects and some highly valuable objects.
oYICJo1k4ay-00754-00240219-00240902 Now, this puppet exhibition cabinet
oYICJo1k4ay-00755-00240902-00241255 consists of highly valuable and visually attractive
oYICJo1k4ay-00756-00241255-00241577 small puppets, but still the fixation system
oYICJo1k4ay-00757-00241577-00242015 prevents them to get stolen easily by visitors.
oYICJo1k4ay-00758-00242015-00242231 Let me take you to another RE-ORG project
oYICJo1k4ay-00759-00242231-00242534 in a centralized storage for the collections of five city
oYICJo1k4ay-00760-00242534-00242848 museums of Lisbon in Portugal.
oYICJo1k4ay-00761-00242848-00243142 This is a painting storage before RE-ORG.
oYICJo1k4ay-00762-00243142-00243464 And the two red circles help you to orientate yourself.
oYICJo1k4ay-00763-00243464-00243871 They are old, unusable HVAC systems.
oYICJo1k4ay-00764-00243871-00244196 You are looking into the storage from the entrance door.
oYICJo1k4ay-00765-00244196-00244425 So we are standing at the entrance door.
oYICJo1k4ay-00766-00244425-00244723 And in the middle, we see paintings on the floor
oYICJo1k4ay-00767-00244723-00245057 and on improvised low shelves which
oYICJo1k4ay-00768-00245057-00245294 are used as storage furniture.
oYICJo1k4ay-00769-00245294-00245729 On the right wall, multiplex poor quality grids
oYICJo1k4ay-00770-00245729-00245923 are covered with small paintings.
oYICJo1k4ay-00771-00246379-00246705 This is the plan three of the storage with the furniture
oYICJo1k4ay-00772-00246705-00246914 drawn to scale here.
oYICJo1k4ay-00773-00246914-00247457 And on the left side, you have the same multiplex grids
oYICJo1k4ay-00774-00247457-00247826 as on the right side but with less space
oYICJo1k4ay-00775-00247826-00248060 in between each grid.
oYICJo1k4ay-00776-00248060-00248609 Now, I want you to keep in mind that we kind of virtually
oYICJo1k4ay-00777-00248609-00249025 cut the room in two, which brings us to the final layout
oYICJo1k4ay-00778-00249025-00249278 plan, plan five.
oYICJo1k4ay-00779-00249278-00249464 Going to the final layout plan.
oYICJo1k4ay-00780-00249464-00249715 And due to budget reasons, the museum
oYICJo1k4ay-00781-00249715-00249978 decided to invest in sliding grids
oYICJo1k4ay-00782-00249978-00250348 on the left side of the room as in the middle.
oYICJo1k4ay-00783-00250348-00250521 The right side of the storage--
oYICJo1k4ay-00784-00250521-00250855 this part here-- will have to wait for the next purchase
oYICJo1k4ay-00785-00250855-00251148 of good quality furniture.
oYICJo1k4ay-00786-00251148-00251429 So when you enter the storage now,
oYICJo1k4ay-00787-00251429-00251912 you see these space-saving sliding grids.
oYICJo1k4ay-00788-00251912-00252104 And this storage is meant to be open
oYICJo1k4ay-00789-00252104-00252448 for the public and special guests once in a while.
oYICJo1k4ay-00790-00252448-00252551 On the right--
oYICJo1k4ay-00791-00252551-00252682 I'm going to the next slide.
oYICJo1k4ay-00792-00252682-00252944 So here on the right you still see
oYICJo1k4ay-00793-00252944-00253141 the multiplex non-sliding grids.
oYICJo1k4ay-00794-00253141-00253369 And in the near future, these will be
oYICJo1k4ay-00795-00253369-00253657 replaced by sliding grids too.
oYICJo1k4ay-00796-00253657-00254183 But while physically reorganizing this storage,
oYICJo1k4ay-00797-00254183-00254438 we regrouped collections by theme,
oYICJo1k4ay-00798-00254438-00254752 as you see here, like portraits, religious scenes,
oYICJo1k4ay-00799-00254752-00254860 and landscape.
oYICJo1k4ay-00800-00254860-00255086 And with the help of the curator,
oYICJo1k4ay-00801-00255086-00255458 we decided to hang the most valuable paintings, which
oYICJo1k4ay-00802-00255458-00255662 were scattered all over the collection,
oYICJo1k4ay-00803-00255662-00255921 on the new sliding grids.
oYICJo1k4ay-00804-00255921-00256398 We hung the big paintings on the lower parts and the smaller
oYICJo1k4ay-00805-00256398-00256923 paintings, we hang them most of the time above
oYICJo1k4ay-00806-00256923-00257292 to reduce the risk of eventual theft by visitors.
oYICJo1k4ay-00807-00257292-00257650 But I want to explain that the curator was constantly
oYICJo1k4ay-00808-00257650-00257959 deciding, painting by painting, whether it
oYICJo1k4ay-00809-00257959-00258475 was a treasure or of high value or of average value
oYICJo1k4ay-00810-00258475-00258613 to the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00811-00258613-00259006 And trying to make the storage attractive for the public too,
oYICJo1k4ay-00812-00259006-00259489 we hung the treasures on the front side of the sliding grids
oYICJo1k4ay-00813-00259489-00259821 so they were more visible when entering the room--
oYICJo1k4ay-00814-00259821-00260251 or they are more visible now when entering the room.
oYICJo1k4ay-00815-00260251-00260491 Almost one third of this thinking collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00816-00260491-00260646 was of an average value.
oYICJo1k4ay-00817-00260646-00261085 And we decided to store those paintings on the multiplex
oYICJo1k4ay-00818-00261085-00261433 grids and on the improvised furniture you see here.
oYICJo1k4ay-00819-00261750-00262489 So you see we reused this uncomfortable and not very good
oYICJo1k4ay-00820-00262489-00262615 furniture.
oYICJo1k4ay-00821-00262615-00263221 But those paintings don't have the best physical storage
oYICJo1k4ay-00822-00263221-00263739 conditions yet, but they are not directly on the floor anymore.
oYICJo1k4ay-00823-00263739-00264020 So let's go one floor below.
oYICJo1k4ay-00824-00264020-00264206 One floor below the painting storage,
oYICJo1k4ay-00825-00264206-00264488 we reorganized this furniture storage, which
oYICJo1k4ay-00826-00264488-00264635 is also open for the public.
oYICJo1k4ay-00827-00264635-00265124 And this is a picture taken from above before RE-ORG.
oYICJo1k4ay-00828-00265124-00265394 And here you have a picture after RE-ORG.
oYICJo1k4ay-00829-00265394-00265724 And the blue tape on the floor, which you see here,
oYICJo1k4ay-00830-00265724-00266021 helps future visitors to follow a path.
oYICJo1k4ay-00831-00266021-00266288 Alongside these corridors, the curator
oYICJo1k4ay-00832-00266288-00266707 can now show her most valuable and attractive objects,
oYICJo1k4ay-00833-00266707-00267108 as you see them here in detail.
oYICJo1k4ay-00834-00267108-00267296 I'll go to the next.
oYICJo1k4ay-00835-00267296-00267716 So on the left, you have a view into the storage when
oYICJo1k4ay-00836-00267716-00268208 entering it before RE-ORG, and on the right, you have a view
oYICJo1k4ay-00837-00268208-00268522 when entering today.
oYICJo1k4ay-00838-00268522-00268738 Not going to detailing the plan.
oYICJo1k4ay-00839-00268738-00268990 This is the plan before the reorganization
oYICJo1k4ay-00840-00268990-00269509 and this is the final plan, five, where here you
oYICJo1k4ay-00841-00269509-00269602 have the entrance.
oYICJo1k4ay-00842-00269602-00269950 And all along the industrial shelves for storing
oYICJo1k4ay-00843-00269950-00270623 chairs we created corridors for guided groups of visitors.
oYICJo1k4ay-00844-00270623-00271122 Gael de Guichen, his team transformed an unappealing view
oYICJo1k4ay-00845-00271122-00271503 you had when entering the storage into a mise en scene,
oYICJo1k4ay-00846-00271503-00271899 where the huge painted portraits kind of welcome you.
oYICJo1k4ay-00847-00271899-00272176 Here you have some views of the pathways,
oYICJo1k4ay-00848-00272176-00272532 and the painting curator gave some of her treasures
oYICJo1k4ay-00849-00272532-00272782 on an internal loan to make the furniture
oYICJo1k4ay-00850-00272782-00273284 storage and her paintings more attractive for public.
oYICJo1k4ay-00851-00273284-00273503 In this editorial, you see the director
oYICJo1k4ay-00852-00273503-00273710 with the curator of the furniture storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00853-00273710-00273953 And it's a long article explaining the benefits
oYICJo1k4ay-00854-00273953-00274143 of reorganizing storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00855-00274143-00274460 But I want to explain that the link below
oYICJo1k4ay-00856-00274460-00274820 shows lots of attractive pictures of different storage--
oYICJo1k4ay-00857-00274820-00275306 reorganized storage room in this Lisbon Central Storage,
oYICJo1k4ay-00858-00275306-00275789 like this ceramic storage before RE-ORG and after.
oYICJo1k4ay-00859-00275789-00276023 And here, again, the ceramics curator
oYICJo1k4ay-00860-00276023-00276398 divided collection in relative value categories.
oYICJo1k4ay-00861-00276398-00276686 And what you see in open shelves here--
oYICJo1k4ay-00862-00276686-00276995 like here and here in detail and on the walls--
oYICJo1k4ay-00863-00276995-00277412 is a mix of treasures and highly valuable objects, taking into
oYICJo1k4ay-00864-00277412-00277685 account their vulnerability and exposure
oYICJo1k4ay-00865-00277685-00277979 to some of the agents of deterioration.
oYICJo1k4ay-00866-00277979-00278251 And Zé Luiz is now going to talk about that.
oYICJo1k4ay-00867-00278553-00278722 Thank you, Marjolijn.
oYICJo1k4ay-00868-00278722-00279126 I'd like first just to do a quick recap for those of you
oYICJo1k4ay-00869-00279126-00279270 who joined later.
oYICJo1k4ay-00870-00279270-00279603 I understand there's been some issue with the connection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00871-00279603-00280029 So quickly, in this webinar, we are
oYICJo1k4ay-00872-00280029-00280455 addressing the different ways to look at the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00873-00280455-00280845 We started with the physical dimensions and the weights
oYICJo1k4ay-00874-00280845-00281307 as a way to optimize storage space.
oYICJo1k4ay-00875-00281307-00281481 And you remember the 12 categories
oYICJo1k4ay-00876-00281481-00281904 of objects you saw in the previous webinar.
oYICJo1k4ay-00877-00281904-00282237 In this particular one, we are focusing on the next two
oYICJo1k4ay-00878-00282237-00282423 aspects I'll mention now.
oYICJo1k4ay-00879-00282423-00282840 One is the relative value or the relative importance
oYICJo1k4ay-00880-00282840-00283182 of the objects in relation to each other
oYICJo1k4ay-00881-00283182-00283644 as a way to prioritize for protection
oYICJo1k4ay-00882-00283644-00283905 and as Marjolijn was illustrating here,
oYICJo1k4ay-00883-00283905-00284340 to showcase the most valuable, most important objects to add
oYICJo1k4ay-00884-00284340-00284802 value to the collection by highlighting these treasures.
oYICJo1k4ay-00885-00284802-00285226 We also quickly spoke about the existence of value categories
oYICJo1k4ay-00886-00285226-00285525 in the collection and their importance
oYICJo1k4ay-00887-00285525-00286089 to help guide the reorganization process.
oYICJo1k4ay-00888-00286089-00286290 In the first half, I spoke a little bit
oYICJo1k4ay-00889-00286290-00286581 about the conceptual aspects of that.
oYICJo1k4ay-00890-00286581-00286977 And up to this point, Marjolijn was illustrating
oYICJo1k4ay-00891-00286977-00287331 how this way to look at the collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00892-00287331-00287601 through the relative value of the objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00893-00287601-00287961 can be used in the RE-ORG project.
oYICJo1k4ay-00894-00287961-00288351 Now we'll move on to the last part, which
oYICJo1k4ay-00895-00288351-00288954 is the third way that we should look at the collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00896-00288954-00289345 when doing the RE-ORG, and that is by considering
oYICJo1k4ay-00897-00289345-00289854 the vulnerability and exposure of the objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00898-00289854-00290265 to the different agents that can cause deterioration
oYICJo1k4ay-00899-00290265-00290565 and loss of value.
oYICJo1k4ay-00900-00290565-00291019 As I said before, this is essential to identify
oYICJo1k4ay-00901-00291019-00291412 and reduce risks to the collection in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00902-00291412-00291637 So let's look at the collection now
oYICJo1k4ay-00903-00291637-00292033 through the lens of vulnerability and exposure
oYICJo1k4ay-00904-00292033-00292321 to agents of deterioration.
oYICJo1k4ay-00905-00292321-00292552 For the sake of comprehensiveness
oYICJo1k4ay-00906-00292552-00292867 and simplicity, it's useful to group
oYICJo1k4ay-00907-00292867-00293323 these agents of deterioration into 10 categories,
oYICJo1k4ay-00908-00293323-00293488 as you can see here on the slide.
oYICJo1k4ay-00909-00293488-00293725 So there are the physical forces that
oYICJo1k4ay-00910-00293725-00294010 account for different kinds of mechanical damage
oYICJo1k4ay-00911-00294010-00294436 to objects, such as abrasion, deformation, breakage, et
oYICJo1k4ay-00912-00294436-00294862 cetera, due to, for instance, inadequate handling,
oYICJo1k4ay-00913-00294862-00295144 inadequate storage, accidents, earthquakes,
oYICJo1k4ay-00914-00295144-00295381 all types of mechanical actions.
oYICJo1k4ay-00915-00295381-00295747 There are criminals, among them thieves and vandals.
oYICJo1k4ay-00916-00295747-00295888 There is fire.
oYICJo1k4ay-00917-00295888-00296263 There is water that can come from the rain, infiltration
oYICJo1k4ay-00918-00296263-00296698 from pipes, from nearby rivers, from storm surge, tsunami,
oYICJo1k4ay-00919-00296698-00296896 different source of water.
oYICJo1k4ay-00920-00296896-00297041 There are the pests--
oYICJo1k4ay-00921-00297041-00297427 for instance rodents, insects, and other types
oYICJo1k4ay-00922-00297427-00297655 depending on the local fauna.
oYICJo1k4ay-00923-00297655-00298082 Different types of pollution pollutants, such as dusts,
oYICJo1k4ay-00924-00298082-00298391 off-gassing, paints, et cetera.
oYICJo1k4ay-00925-00298391-00298675 There's light and ultraviolet radiation.
oYICJo1k4ay-00926-00298675-00298936 Incorrect temperature and relative humidity--
oYICJo1k4ay-00927-00298936-00299251 for instance, either too high or too low
oYICJo1k4ay-00928-00299251-00299527 or with excessive fluctuations.
oYICJo1k4ay-00929-00299527-00299942 And the 10th agent is called dissociation.
oYICJo1k4ay-00930-00299942-00300251 This one might require a little bit more explanation.
oYICJo1k4ay-00931-00300251-00300648 Dissociation refers to being unable to find or retrieve
oYICJo1k4ay-00932-00300648-00301047 an object of the collection that has been misplaced or lost
oYICJo1k4ay-00933-00301047-00301245 its identification code.
oYICJo1k4ay-00934-00301245-00301545 For instance, it refers to losing or being
oYICJo1k4ay-00935-00301545-00301989 unable to access existing data and information about objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00936-00301989-00302146 of the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00937-00302146-00302454 The classical case is a virus in the computer where
oYICJo1k4ay-00938-00302454-00302757 the single copy of the inventory is kept,
oYICJo1k4ay-00939-00302757-00302964 and then the information is lost.
oYICJo1k4ay-00940-00302964-00303192 So it refers to the deassociation
oYICJo1k4ay-00941-00303192-00303582 between single objects in the collection, deassociation
oYICJo1k4ay-00942-00303582-00303930 among objects that make up an ensemble,
oYICJo1k4ay-00943-00303930-00304293 and/or between the information and data and the objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00944-00304293-00304395 in the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-00945-00304395-00304611 So we grouped all of these hazards
oYICJo1k4ay-00946-00304611-00304939 into the 10 agents of deterioration.
oYICJo1k4ay-00947-00304939-00305203 When doing your RE-ORG project, it's
oYICJo1k4ay-00948-00305203-00305461 important to keep in mind which objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00949-00305461-00305827 of the collection in storage are vulnerable to which
oYICJo1k4ay-00950-00305827-00306283 agents of deterioration and whether or not they
oYICJo1k4ay-00951-00306283-00306565 will or could be exposed to these agents
oYICJo1k4ay-00952-00306565-00306886 during or after the reorganization.
oYICJo1k4ay-00953-00306886-00307129 In this schematic diagram you see
oYICJo1k4ay-00954-00307129-00307585 here, let the gray rectangle represent your collection
oYICJo1k4ay-00955-00307585-00307738 in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-00956-00307738-00308026 Let's suppose that a part of this collection,
oYICJo1k4ay-00957-00308026-00308308 highlighted here in blue, represents
oYICJo1k4ay-00958-00308308-00308599 the objects that are vulnerable to a certain agent
oYICJo1k4ay-00959-00308599-00308803 of deterioration.
oYICJo1k4ay-00960-00308803-00309202 Now, let this red rectangle here represent
oYICJo1k4ay-00961-00309202-00309403 the part of the collection in storage
oYICJo1k4ay-00962-00309403-00309826 that is exposed or would be exposed to this agent.
oYICJo1k4ay-00963-00309826-00310099 When we look at this diagram, the object
oYICJo1k4ay-00964-00310099-00310471 that will be affected or are at risk
oYICJo1k4ay-00965-00310471-00310753 of being affected by the agent of deterioration
oYICJo1k4ay-00966-00310753-00311122 are those that fulfill both criteria.
oYICJo1k4ay-00967-00311122-00311521 That is, those objects that are vulnerable and exposed
oYICJo1k4ay-00968-00311521-00311707 to the agent of deterioration.
oYICJo1k4ay-00969-00311707-00311932 This is where we should focus.
oYICJo1k4ay-00970-00311932-00312373 This is a situation we should try to avoid or minimize
oYICJo1k4ay-00971-00312373-00312790 when do we RE-ORG, particularly for those objects
oYICJo1k4ay-00972-00312790-00313099 of high relative value.
oYICJo1k4ay-00973-00313099-00313603 Let's now look at one example to discuss vulnerability.
oYICJo1k4ay-00974-00313603-00314077 And I would like to call in our next poll.
oYICJo1k4ay-00975-00314077-00314536 And the question here, by looking at this object,
oYICJo1k4ay-00976-00314536-00314917 is to which agents of deterioration
oYICJo1k4ay-00977-00314917-00315535 do you think the objects in this picture are most vulnerable to?
oYICJo1k4ay-00978-00315535-00316065 So please, just out of the list, can we bring in the poll?
oYICJo1k4ay-00979-00316065-00316115 Yes.
oYICJo1k4ay-00980-00316115-00316217 Thank you.
oYICJo1k4ay-00981-00316217-00316541 So out of the 10 agents you see there, please
oYICJo1k4ay-00982-00316541-00316862 pick up the two or three to which
oYICJo1k4ay-00983-00316862-00317300 these objects in the picture are most vulnerable to.
oYICJo1k4ay-00984-00317300-00317417 Let's give it a minute.
oYICJo1k4ay-00985-00318155-00318205 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-00986-00318205-00318775 I see physical force trending very strong, which is obvious.
oYICJo1k4ay-00987-00318775-00319388 And also dissociation is showing a significant one.
oYICJo1k4ay-00988-00319388-00319530 And criminals.
oYICJo1k4ay-00989-00319530-00319627 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-00990-00319627-00319973 On the other hand, fire, water, pests, nothing.
oYICJo1k4ay-00991-00319973-00320110 Little bit pollutants.
oYICJo1k4ay-00992-00320110-00320323 Little bit light, and so on, so forth.
oYICJo1k4ay-00993-00320323-00320804 You've been assessing the vulnerability of these objects.
oYICJo1k4ay-00994-00320804-00321190 And in this case, physical force for sure
oYICJo1k4ay-00995-00321190-00321533 is a major threat of agent of deterioration
oYICJo1k4ay-00996-00321533-00321737 because these materials, they are breakable,
oYICJo1k4ay-00997-00321737-00321968 they are prone to abrasion.
oYICJo1k4ay-00998-00321968-00322493 Dissociation is also big because they can be easily misplaced
oYICJo1k4ay-00999-00322493-00322875 or maybe they are not properly identified.
oYICJo1k4ay-01000-00322875-00323066 Pest is also an issue, especially
oYICJo1k4ay-01001-00323066-00323294 for the smaller ones.
oYICJo1k4ay-01002-00323294-00323705 Fire could be something in terms of them
oYICJo1k4ay-01003-00323705-00324185 not being able to stand too much heat.
oYICJo1k4ay-01004-00324185-00324644 But you did a great job there in assessing the vulnerability
oYICJo1k4ay-01005-00324644-00324815 of these objects.
oYICJo1k4ay-01006-00324815-00324998 How about these ones now?
oYICJo1k4ay-01007-00324998-00325262 Let's move to the next one, please.
oYICJo1k4ay-01008-00325262-00325632 So it's the same question, but now a different set of objects,
oYICJo1k4ay-01009-00325632-00325862 as you can see in the picture.
oYICJo1k4ay-01010-00325862-00326141 What are these objects most vulnerable to?
oYICJo1k4ay-01011-00326141-00326430 Please pick two or three.
oYICJo1k4ay-01012-00326430-00326706 key agents you think they are most vulnerable to.
oYICJo1k4ay-01013-00326981-00327341 So now we see pests trending.
oYICJo1k4ay-01014-00327341-00327679 Dissociation is always-- the physical force.
oYICJo1k4ay-01015-00327679-00327975 I see more light and UV.
oYICJo1k4ay-01016-00327975-00328202 Fire.
oYICJo1k4ay-01017-00328202-00328544 Completely different profile.
oYICJo1k4ay-01018-00328544-00328956 In the previous case, pests was not an issue at all.
oYICJo1k4ay-01019-00328956-00329315 And here, because these materials
oYICJo1k4ay-01020-00329315-00329576 are protein and plant based, they
oYICJo1k4ay-01021-00329576-00329936 are highly vulnerable to pest infestations.
oYICJo1k4ay-01022-00329936-00330293 Because they are organic colors, they are mostly natural colors,
oYICJo1k4ay-01023-00330293-00330638 they might be vulnerable to light and UV.
oYICJo1k4ay-01024-00330638-00330986 They are organic, so they burn more easily.
oYICJo1k4ay-01025-00330986-00331220 If they are valuable, they have market value,
oYICJo1k4ay-01026-00331220-00331484 they can also be prone to theft.
oYICJo1k4ay-01027-00331484-00331772 They can be prone to mold growth, and so on.
oYICJo1k4ay-01028-00331772-00332231 So completely different profile of vulnerability
oYICJo1k4ay-01029-00332231-00332603 in relation to the previous example.
oYICJo1k4ay-01030-00332603-00332909 So the message here is that it's important
oYICJo1k4ay-01031-00332909-00333095 that we have a good understanding
oYICJo1k4ay-01032-00333095-00333336 of the vulnerabilities of these objects
oYICJo1k4ay-01033-00333336-00333728 so that we make well-informed decisions when carrying out
oYICJo1k4ay-01034-00333728-00334079 our RE-ORG project.
oYICJo1k4ay-01035-00334079-00334226 And take the poll out.
oYICJo1k4ay-01036-00334226-00334417 Thank you for that.
oYICJo1k4ay-01037-00334417-00334529 So moving on.
oYICJo1k4ay-01038-00334529-00334883 What are the key factors that determine the vulnerability
oYICJo1k4ay-01039-00334883-00335162 of collection items to the different agents
oYICJo1k4ay-01040-00335162-00335450 of deterioration to which we should pay attention?
oYICJo1k4ay-01041-00335450-00335781 So here are some aspects to consider.
oYICJo1k4ay-01042-00335781-00336105 The material composition of the objects.
oYICJo1k4ay-01043-00336105-00336354 If they are breakable, if they are combustible,
oYICJo1k4ay-01044-00336354-00336621 if they are nutrients for pests, if they
oYICJo1k4ay-01045-00336621-00336831 are light sensitive materials, if they are
oYICJo1k4ay-01046-00336831-00337151 water soluble, and so on.
oYICJo1k4ay-01047-00337151-00337406 Their structure or shape.
oYICJo1k4ay-01048-00337406-00337728 For instance, objects that have layered structures
oYICJo1k4ay-01049-00337728-00338073 with difference in expansion and contraction
oYICJo1k4ay-01050-00338073-00338394 in response to relative humidity fluctuations.
oYICJo1k4ay-01051-00338394-00338493 That can be an issue.
oYICJo1k4ay-01052-00338493-00338773 Or large reactive sheets that are
oYICJo1k4ay-01053-00338773-00339264 restrained at the periphery, such as in drums, for instance.
oYICJo1k4ay-01054-00339264-00339492 Because of their shape and geometry,
oYICJo1k4ay-01055-00339492-00339705 they are more vulnerable in this example
oYICJo1k4ay-01056-00339705-00340018 to relative humidity fluctuations.
oYICJo1k4ay-01057-00340018-00340347 The size of the objects in case they
oYICJo1k4ay-01058-00340347-00340665 are easy to hide or to carry away
oYICJo1k4ay-01059-00340665-00340895 or more difficult to find if misplaced.
oYICJo1k4ay-01060-00340895-00341118 So smaller objects tend to be more
oYICJo1k4ay-01061-00341118-00341352 vulnerable in this situation.
oYICJo1k4ay-01062-00341352-00341655 If they have high market value, they
oYICJo1k4ay-01063-00341655-00341997 can be more or less attractive to theft.
oYICJo1k4ay-01064-00341997-00342319 An object of high market value stored together
oYICJo1k4ay-01065-00342319-00342595 with other objects of low market value
oYICJo1k4ay-01066-00342595-00342916 without any special protection can be considered
oYICJo1k4ay-01067-00342916-00343248 more vulnerable to theft.
oYICJo1k4ay-01068-00343248-00343554 The way they are labelled or identified.
oYICJo1k4ay-01069-00343554-00343911 We can think here of how easy it is
oYICJo1k4ay-01070-00343911-00344283 to lose labels or the fading of inks in these labels.
oYICJo1k4ay-01071-00344283-00344547 If they are more prone to dissociation
oYICJo1k4ay-01072-00344547-00344971 due to the inability to identify them later on and so forth.
oYICJo1k4ay-01073-00344971-00345221 So the type of labeling is also an issue
oYICJo1k4ay-01074-00345221-00345552 to influence vulnerability.
oYICJo1k4ay-01075-00345552-00345873 And the way they are documented in the museum registration
oYICJo1k4ay-01076-00345873-00345984 system.
oYICJo1k4ay-01077-00345984-00346146 For instance, if they are documented
oYICJo1k4ay-01078-00346146-00346380 with or without good photographs,
oYICJo1k4ay-01079-00346380-00346626 with backup copies, et cetera.
oYICJo1k4ay-01080-00346626-00346930 This may increase or decrease the vulnerability
oYICJo1k4ay-01081-00346930-00347379 to dissociation, and then also to theft and recovery
oYICJo1k4ay-01082-00347379-00347600 of stolen items.
oYICJo1k4ay-01083-00347600-00348012 So understanding the vulnerability is necessary,
oYICJo1k4ay-01084-00348012-00348272 but it's not sufficient to mitigate risk
oYICJo1k4ay-01085-00348272-00348516 to the collection in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-01086-00348516-00348977 We also have to know the level or the likelihood of exposure
oYICJo1k4ay-01087-00348977-00349403 of vulnerable collection items to the agents of deterioration
oYICJo1k4ay-01088-00349403-00349597 they are vulnerable to.
oYICJo1k4ay-01089-00349597-00349823 Are these agents or their sources
oYICJo1k4ay-01090-00349823-00350142 present in the storage area?
oYICJo1k4ay-01091-00350142-00350437 Otherwise, where could they come from,
oYICJo1k4ay-01092-00350437-00350771 and how could they reach the collection in storage?
oYICJo1k4ay-01093-00350771-00351142 Only then-- that means by understanding the vulnerability
oYICJo1k4ay-01094-00351142-00351581 and also the extent or the likelihood of exposure
oYICJo1k4ay-01095-00351581-00351776 to the agents--
oYICJo1k4ay-01096-00351776-00352157 only then we will be able to make well-informed decisions
oYICJo1k4ay-01097-00352157-00352697 in terms of avoiding or blocking the exposure
oYICJo1k4ay-01098-00352697-00353057 of vulnerable items to the corresponding agents
oYICJo1k4ay-01099-00353057-00353336 of deterioration.
oYICJo1k4ay-01100-00353336-00353717 A useful approach to think about this
oYICJo1k4ay-01101-00353717-00354065 is to consider the different layers of enclosure
oYICJo1k4ay-01102-00354065-00354506 around the object in storage, starting from their support
oYICJo1k4ay-01103-00354506-00354968 or packing materials, the storage furniture, the storage
oYICJo1k4ay-01104-00354968-00355424 room, the museum building, the surroundings of the building,
oYICJo1k4ay-01105-00355424-00355673 and the broader geographic region where
oYICJo1k4ay-01106-00355673-00355880 the museum is located.
oYICJo1k4ay-01107-00355880-00356357 In each of these layers, it is possible to find sources
oYICJo1k4ay-01108-00356357-00356816 of the agents of deterioration or pathways
oYICJo1k4ay-01109-00356816-00357155 through which they could reach the objects of the collection
oYICJo1k4ay-01110-00357155-00357428 through a window, through leakage, through doors,
oYICJo1k4ay-01111-00357428-00357584 et cetera.
oYICJo1k4ay-01112-00357584-00357701 Openings.
oYICJo1k4ay-01113-00357701-00357993 The way the collection items move in and out.
oYICJo1k4ay-01114-00357993-00358289 So there are different possible paths.
oYICJo1k4ay-01115-00358289-00358538 We can also check for the existence
oYICJo1k4ay-01116-00358538-00359082 or not of effective barriers to block the agents
oYICJo1k4ay-01117-00359082-00359382 from reaching the collection in each one of the layers.
oYICJo1k4ay-01118-00359382-00359823 For instance, barriers to block light from entering and shining
oYICJo1k4ay-01119-00359823-00359940 on objects.
oYICJo1k4ay-01120-00359940-00360363 Barriers to block water, to block path, to block thieves,
oYICJo1k4ay-01121-00360363-00360558 and even to block fire.
oYICJo1k4ay-01122-00360558-00361102 So that's an important thing to keep in mind.
oYICJo1k4ay-01123-00361102-00361507 Sometimes we tend to focus only inside the storage areas
oYICJo1k4ay-01124-00361507-00361927 or inside the museum building, but it's not uncommon
oYICJo1k4ay-01125-00361927-00362398 that major hazards exist also outside these areas and even
oYICJo1k4ay-01126-00362398-00362590 outside the museum.
oYICJo1k4ay-01127-00362590-00362929 I would like to share the example of an important museum
oYICJo1k4ay-01128-00362929-00363380 in Brazil in a purpose-built building where the collection
oYICJo1k4ay-01129-00363380-00363712 storage areas are equipped with the best climate
oYICJo1k4ay-01130-00363712-00364061 control, the best storage furniture,
oYICJo1k4ay-01131-00364061-00364402 there's fire suppression with clean gas,
oYICJo1k4ay-01132-00364402-00364612 and security system also there.
oYICJo1k4ay-01133-00364612-00365074 But they are located in the basement of the building
oYICJo1k4ay-01134-00365074-00365515 here, where the arrow is pointing now,
oYICJo1k4ay-01135-00365515-00365685 and on the other side of the street
oYICJo1k4ay-01136-00365685-00366245 there is a major river lake system whose flood in 1941
oYICJo1k4ay-01137-00366245-00366564 caused major damage to the city.
oYICJo1k4ay-01138-00366564-00366919 So a flood of this magnitude repeating
oYICJo1k4ay-01139-00366919-00367315 has been assessed as having a return period between 300
oYICJo1k4ay-01140-00367315-00367470 and 2,000 years.
oYICJo1k4ay-01141-00367470-00367837 So within every 300 to 2,000 years
oYICJo1k4ay-01142-00367837-00368081 such a flood is expected in the city,
oYICJo1k4ay-01143-00368081-00368278 according to different models.
oYICJo1k4ay-01144-00368278-00368576 But this could be tomorrow.
oYICJo1k4ay-01145-00368576-00368995 So how well has this storage actually been planned?
oYICJo1k4ay-01146-00368995-00369187 So the message here is that we should
oYICJo1k4ay-01147-00369187-00369601 look for these possible sources of danger
oYICJo1k4ay-01148-00369601-00369895 or agents of deterioration at the different layers
oYICJo1k4ay-01149-00369895-00370262 of enclosure around the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01150-00370262-00370528 If you wish to read more about the 10
oYICJo1k4ay-01151-00370528-00370703 agents of deterioration--
oYICJo1k4ay-01152-00370703-00371034 about their source, effect on vulnerable objects,
oYICJo1k4ay-01153-00371034-00371276 and possible ways to deal with them--
oYICJo1k4ay-01154-00371276-00371707 please go and visit the CCI's web page
oYICJo1k4ay-01155-00371707-00371914 on the 10 agents of deterioration.
oYICJo1k4ay-01156-00371914-00372388 The web link, there URL is here, highlighted in red.
oYICJo1k4ay-01157-00372388-00372964 And for an introduction to risk management and the methodology
oYICJo1k4ay-01158-00372964-00373453 that we have developed to do so in partnership with CCI,
oYICJo1k4ay-01159-00373453-00373732 you can download this publication for free
oYICJo1k4ay-01160-00373732-00373960 at the ICCROM website.
oYICJo1k4ay-01161-00373960-00374208 Now let's recap.
oYICJo1k4ay-01162-00374208-00374463 Why is it useful to look at the collection
oYICJo1k4ay-01163-00374463-00374769 through the lens of vulnerability and exposure
oYICJo1k4ay-01164-00374769-00375078 when doing your RE-ORG project?
oYICJo1k4ay-01165-00375078-00375582 It puts us in a better position to identify objects at risk
oYICJo1k4ay-01166-00375582-00376274 in storage, to reduce risks to vulnerable objects
oYICJo1k4ay-01167-00376274-00376838 by avoiding their exposure to agents of deterioration
oYICJo1k4ay-01168-00376838-00377312 they are vulnerable to, and also to reduce risk to such objects
oYICJo1k4ay-01169-00377312-00377586 by blocking their exposure.
oYICJo1k4ay-01170-00377586-00377888 So we can avoid exposure by placing them
oYICJo1k4ay-01171-00377888-00378143 in a different location, for instance.
oYICJo1k4ay-01172-00378143-00378407 But if not feasible, we can think of ways
oYICJo1k4ay-01173-00378407-00378815 to implement barriers-- physical barriers-- to block
oYICJo1k4ay-01174-00378815-00379259 their exposure to different agents of deterioration.
oYICJo1k4ay-01175-00379259-00379631 And this is what Marjolijn will illustrate now
oYICJo1k4ay-01176-00379631-00380089 with some practical examples of RE-ORG projects she
oYICJo1k4ay-01177-00380089-00380275 has been working with.
oYICJo1k4ay-01178-00380275-00380500 So over to you, Marjo.
oYICJo1k4ay-01179-00380500-00380550 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-01180-00380550-00380852 Thanks, Zé Luiz.
oYICJo1k4ay-01181-00380852-00381276 So this is a collection of tobacco samples.
oYICJo1k4ay-01182-00381276-00381576 It's owned by a small Belgian tobacco museum,
oYICJo1k4ay-01183-00381576-00381867 and it's a very special type of collection
oYICJo1k4ay-01184-00381867-00382311 with hundreds of tobacco leaf samples in cotton bags,
oYICJo1k4ay-01185-00382311-00382638 like you see here.
oYICJo1k4ay-01186-00382638-00382925 The samples were kind of alive, and so they
oYICJo1k4ay-01187-00382925-00383276 are attractive to pests with the danger of contamination
oYICJo1k4ay-01188-00383276-00383432 of other collection items.
oYICJo1k4ay-01189-00383432-00383741 And as they were stored at that time, like you see them here,
oYICJo1k4ay-01190-00383741-00383930 they were also very dirty.
oYICJo1k4ay-01191-00383930-00384134 They were uneasy to manipulate so
oYICJo1k4ay-01192-00384134-00384374 vulnerable to physical forces.
oYICJo1k4ay-01193-00384374-00384782 They were very vulnerable to fire and a real headache
oYICJo1k4ay-01194-00384782-00384912 for the collection owner.
oYICJo1k4ay-01195-00384912-00385313 And the biggest risks to this tobacco sample collection,
oYICJo1k4ay-01196-00385313-00385789 as you see them here, are pests and physical forces.
oYICJo1k4ay-01197-00385789-00386379 So due to the RE-ORG project, not only space was saved.
oYICJo1k4ay-01198-00386379-00386628 The plastic bags and boxes are now
oYICJo1k4ay-01199-00386628-00387082 avoiding and blocking insects and rodents to enter and damage
oYICJo1k4ay-01200-00387082-00387249 these tobacco leaves.
oYICJo1k4ay-01201-00387249-00387681 And these layers of enclosure, which Zé Luiz just talked
oYICJo1k4ay-01202-00387681-00388086 about, are also mitigating damage through maladjusted
oYICJo1k4ay-01203-00388086-00388269 handling.
oYICJo1k4ay-01204-00388269-00388649 The same museum owns also a pyrogen collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01205-00388649-00388986 I'm not sure that I say it right.
oYICJo1k4ay-01206-00388986-00389337 But these are objects producing fire,
oYICJo1k4ay-01207-00389337-00389654 like lighters, cigarettes, and match boxes.
oYICJo1k4ay-01208-00389654-00390098 And as you see them stored here in cardboard boxes,
oYICJo1k4ay-01209-00390098-00390351 this collection is highly vulnerable to the risk
oYICJo1k4ay-01210-00390351-00390579 of fire and dissociation.
oYICJo1k4ay-01211-00390579-00391008 You see on this picture no one can really identify what
oYICJo1k4ay-01212-00391008-00391275 is inside the cardboard boxes.
oYICJo1k4ay-01213-00391275-00391509 So to avoid the risk of dissociation,
oYICJo1k4ay-01214-00391509-00391815 you have to avoid losing meaningful and valuable
oYICJo1k4ay-01215-00391815-00392071 documentation about each item.
oYICJo1k4ay-01216-00392071-00392349 And this museum responded to this risk
oYICJo1k4ay-01217-00392349-00392805 by labeling each pyrogen item, inventorizing it, and giving it
oYICJo1k4ay-01218-00392805-00393062 a unique spot in the storage and the drawers,
oYICJo1k4ay-01219-00393062-00393248 as you see on this slide.
oYICJo1k4ay-01220-00393248-00393519 And before the reorganization, this collection
oYICJo1k4ay-01221-00393519-00393753 was stored in the attic of the museum.
oYICJo1k4ay-01222-00393753-00394040 The way you see them stored here in drawers
oYICJo1k4ay-01223-00394040-00394458 and in a secured new storage, the risk of fire
oYICJo1k4ay-01224-00394458-00394763 is reduced extremely.
oYICJo1k4ay-01225-00394763-00395078 On this slide, I'm going to show you with the arrow
oYICJo1k4ay-01226-00395078-00395348 also on your left here you can see
oYICJo1k4ay-01227-00395348-00395648 that metal objects are piled up and overcrowded
oYICJo1k4ay-01228-00395648-00395828 in open shelves.
oYICJo1k4ay-01229-00395828-00396152 They are covered with [INAUDIBLE] polyester foil
oYICJo1k4ay-01230-00396152-00396696 which protects them here from eventual water leaks and dust.
oYICJo1k4ay-01231-00396696-00396936 But at the same time, this film also
oYICJo1k4ay-01232-00396936-00397299 attracts and holds the dust by its static characteristics.
oYICJo1k4ay-01233-00397299-00397557 And some of these metal objects in direct contact
oYICJo1k4ay-01234-00397557-00397755 with each other are dusty.
oYICJo1k4ay-01235-00397755-00398152 And nearby, an old water leak showed galvanic corrosion.
oYICJo1k4ay-01236-00398152-00398467 And as you see them stored here, indicating
oYICJo1k4ay-01237-00398467-00399032 that the risk of pollutants and dust and airborne pollutants
oYICJo1k4ay-01238-00399032-00399437 is reduced by the inert materials in the cabinets
oYICJo1k4ay-01239-00399437-00399862 and the possibility to close off the doors of the cabinets.
oYICJo1k4ay-01240-00399862-00400366 Another example is to show you these tiny wooden and metal
oYICJo1k4ay-01241-00400366-00400708 objects that used to be piled up in the back,
oYICJo1k4ay-01242-00400708-00400948 and they were very vulnerable to pests.
oYICJo1k4ay-01243-00400948-00401354 But storing them in small drawers, like you see here--
oYICJo1k4ay-01244-00401354-00401806 small drawer cabinets-- avoids potential thieves to steal them
oYICJo1k4ay-01245-00401806-00402157 in less than no time.
oYICJo1k4ay-01246-00402157-00402414 This is, again, the painting storage in Lisbon.
oYICJo1k4ay-01247-00402414-00402759 I did not mention this before, but in the far left corner--
oYICJo1k4ay-01248-00402759-00403167 you see it here and here on the plan.
oYICJo1k4ay-01249-00403167-00403317 In the far left corner of the room
oYICJo1k4ay-01250-00403317-00403698 there is a space in the ceiling where the risk of water leaks
oYICJo1k4ay-01251-00403698-00404238 is still recurring because it is not fixed for 100% yet.
oYICJo1k4ay-01252-00404238-00404421 And as you see on the picture, we
oYICJo1k4ay-01253-00404421-00404868 decided not to install the sliding racks for the paintings
oYICJo1k4ay-01254-00404868-00405184 too close to the risky place.
oYICJo1k4ay-01255-00405184-00405552 So this is an example of taking into account the possible risks
oYICJo1k4ay-01256-00405552-00405762 to your collection when you are considering
oYICJo1k4ay-01257-00405762-00405969 your final reorganization plan.
oYICJo1k4ay-01258-00406286-00406588 The next two slides show interesting information
oYICJo1k4ay-01259-00406588-00406957 related to the risk of water to your collection by a flood.
oYICJo1k4ay-01260-00406957-00407273 In 2009, this Belgian museum had a flood
oYICJo1k4ay-01261-00407273-00407674 where 220 artworks were damaged, as well as
oYICJo1k4ay-01262-00407674-00407830 one folder with posters.
oYICJo1k4ay-01263-00407830-00408241 And 26 from the 220 artworks were totally
oYICJo1k4ay-01264-00408241-00408688 lost as well as all the posters in the folder.
oYICJo1k4ay-01265-00408688-00408982 After their RE-ORG project in 2016,
oYICJo1k4ay-01266-00408982-00409387 unfortunately they had another flood in 2017.
oYICJo1k4ay-01267-00409387-00409630 But now, only three artworks were
oYICJo1k4ay-01268-00409630-00409902 damaged and one folder with posters,
oYICJo1k4ay-01269-00409902-00410113 from which all the posters were saved.
oYICJo1k4ay-01270-00410113-00410725 So when considering risk reduction and vulnerability,
oYICJo1k4ay-01271-00410725-00411049 I suppose you are all convinced that the storage quality
oYICJo1k4ay-01272-00411049-00411693 criterion of no objects on the floor is quite a headliner.
oYICJo1k4ay-01273-00411693-00411976 As we almost come to the end of this presentation,
oYICJo1k4ay-01274-00411976-00412417 I show you here a slide which can inspire you for one
oYICJo1k4ay-01275-00412417-00412656 of your upcoming assignments.
oYICJo1k4ay-01276-00412656-00412968 I met the sources of agents of deterioration
oYICJo1k4ay-01277-00412968-00413449 inside the Brussels Folk Art storage and the possible paths
oYICJo1k4ay-01278-00413449-00413755 through which agents could reach the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01279-00413755-00414012 I used the plan two as a basis.
oYICJo1k4ay-01280-00414012-00414160 It's here on the slide.
oYICJo1k4ay-01281-00414160-00414463 And it's the plan with fixtures and a situation
oYICJo1k4ay-01282-00414463-00414652 before RE-ORG of course.
oYICJo1k4ay-01283-00414652-00414988 I met the five highest and most obvious risks,
oYICJo1k4ay-01284-00414988-00415147 and you see them here.
oYICJo1k4ay-01285-00415147-00415318 I'm going to explain you.
oYICJo1k4ay-01286-00415318-00415549 First of all, you have water pipes
oYICJo1k4ay-01287-00415549-00415847 alongside the entire upper north wall.
oYICJo1k4ay-01288-00415847-00416101 Will create a risk of possible water leakage
oYICJo1k4ay-01289-00416101-00416575 on the collection, which, at that moment, was stored nearby.
oYICJo1k4ay-01290-00416575-00416831 And then the server, which used to be here--
oYICJo1k4ay-01291-00416831-00417147 I don't know if you remember me talking about it--
oYICJo1k4ay-01292-00417147-00417389 it's inside the storage at that moment
oYICJo1k4ay-01293-00417389-00417712 and it induces a risk of theft of collection items
oYICJo1k4ay-01294-00417712-00418066 by people who are not supposed to work within the collection,
oYICJo1k4ay-01295-00418066-00418260 like external technicians.
oYICJo1k4ay-01296-00418260-00418666 So in this plan, you see that inside there
oYICJo1k4ay-01297-00418666-00418902 is still the server.
oYICJo1k4ay-01298-00418902-00419262 Alongside that same upper wall here, we
oYICJo1k4ay-01299-00419262-00419435 detected old mold and [INAUDIBLE]
oYICJo1k4ay-01300-00419435-00419746 stains, which are proofs of previous problems with higher
oYICJo1k4ay-01301-00419746-00420018 relative humidity or damp and rising
oYICJo1k4ay-01302-00420018-00420216 humidity from the ground.
oYICJo1k4ay-01303-00420216-00420835 Now, on the south side, you have three doors and five windows,
oYICJo1k4ay-01304-00420835-00421414 which are leading immediately to three
oYICJo1k4ay-01305-00421414-00421576 internal small courtyards.
oYICJo1k4ay-01306-00421576-00422054 And all these paths are--
oYICJo1k4ay-01307-00422054-00422343 all these entrances or doors are paths
oYICJo1k4ay-01308-00422343-00422568 through which insects and rodents can easily
oYICJo1k4ay-01309-00422568-00422803 enter the storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-01310-00422803-00423337 But they also agents like light, UV, and high humidity
oYICJo1k4ay-01311-00423337-00423610 have to be taken into account when
oYICJo1k4ay-01312-00423610-00424070 you are looking at this wall with doors and windows.
oYICJo1k4ay-01313-00424070-00424583 So just some solutions.
oYICJo1k4ay-01314-00424583-00424985 So what did we do to reduce all those risks with low cost
oYICJo1k4ay-01315-00424985-00425108 solutions?
oYICJo1k4ay-01316-00425108-00425426 The risk of theft from unauthorized people coming
oYICJo1k4ay-01317-00425426-00425647 into the collection has been avoided
oYICJo1k4ay-01318-00425647-00426272 by installing a second door and creating a study room hosting
oYICJo1k4ay-01319-00426272-00426455 only non-collection items.
oYICJo1k4ay-01320-00426455-00426718 So you see that now the server is here,
oYICJo1k4ay-01321-00426718-00427443 and this room is hosting only non-collection items.
oYICJo1k4ay-01322-00427443-00427771 To avoid the water damage to the collection coming
oYICJo1k4ay-01323-00427771-00428010 from the old water pipes and rising
oYICJo1k4ay-01324-00428010-00428476 damp alongside the upper north wall,
oYICJo1k4ay-01325-00428476-00429013 we avoided it by not placing vulnerable objects or cabinets
oYICJo1k4ay-01326-00429013-00429200 close to these walls anymore.
oYICJo1k4ay-01327-00429200-00429564 So you see a picture before and after.
oYICJo1k4ay-01328-00429564-00429968 Some reused grids, however, are installed nearby the wall,
oYICJo1k4ay-01329-00429968-00430351 but they are being used for objects of an average value
oYICJo1k4ay-01330-00430351-00431077 and which are unvulnerable to this type of risk.
oYICJo1k4ay-01331-00431077-00431227 We decided not to store--
oYICJo1k4ay-01332-00431227-00431624 for the next dangerous situation,
oYICJo1k4ay-01333-00431624-00431857 we decided not to store collection items
oYICJo1k4ay-01334-00431857-00432163 alongside the south wall of the corridor anymore.
oYICJo1k4ay-01335-00432163-00432613 So high light and UV levels coming from the courtyard doors
oYICJo1k4ay-01336-00432613-00432960 and windows cannot immediately reach vulnerable collection
oYICJo1k4ay-01337-00432960-00433177 items anymore.
oYICJo1k4ay-01338-00433177-00433603 And the risk of moisture, condense, and high relative
oYICJo1k4ay-01339-00433603-00433933 humidity levels coming in via the same path
oYICJo1k4ay-01340-00433933-00434125 is now completely blocked.
oYICJo1k4ay-01341-00434125-00434528 But the impact will be less by storing collections
oYICJo1k4ay-01342-00434528-00434684 further away from this wall.
oYICJo1k4ay-01343-00434684-00435088 These are small interventions but with quite a huge impact.
oYICJo1k4ay-01344-00435088-00435406 In the near future, they will work on the layer of the room
oYICJo1k4ay-01345-00435406-00435550 and the building itself.
oYICJo1k4ay-01346-00435550-00435883 If you remember, this slide by Zé Luiz speaks of different
oYICJo1k4ay-01347-00435883-00436117 layers where you have to work on.
oYICJo1k4ay-01348-00436117-00436480 And it will create effective barriers
oYICJo1k4ay-01349-00436480-00436849 to block the agents from reaching the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01350-00436849-00437116 Now, for the second assignment, we
oYICJo1k4ay-01351-00437116-00437514 would like you to use the occupation plan four on which
oYICJo1k4ay-01352-00437514-00437746 you indicate collection and non-collection
oYICJo1k4ay-01353-00437746-00437901 items, like here.
oYICJo1k4ay-01354-00437901-00438285 And as an example again I am using the Folk Art storage
oYICJo1k4ay-01355-00438285-00438433 plans.
oYICJo1k4ay-01356-00438433-00438814 We would like you to consider three possible relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-01357-00438814-00439137 categories for your collections, like the treasures,
oYICJo1k4ay-01358-00439137-00439399 the high valuable collection items, and those
oYICJo1k4ay-01359-00439399-00439642 of an average value.
oYICJo1k4ay-01360-00439642-00439978 I met the spatial distribution of such objects
oYICJo1k4ay-01361-00439978-00440097 in the Folk Art storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-01362-00440097-00440546 And as you see on this plan, the collection in green consists--
oYICJo1k4ay-01363-00440546-00441079 so the green consists of high to average value items.
oYICJo1k4ay-01364-00441079-00441331 And together with Linda, the curator,
oYICJo1k4ay-01365-00441331-00441763 we mapped the treasures, which you see here in gold--
oYICJo1k4ay-01366-00441763-00441979 you see that before the reorganization,
oYICJo1k4ay-01367-00441979-00442299 two of the treasures were stored on risky places
oYICJo1k4ay-01368-00442299-00442743 alongside the upper north and the lower south walls.
oYICJo1k4ay-01369-00442743-00443326 One dollhouse here, and the Four Sons of Aymon,
oYICJo1k4ay-01370-00443326-00443622 those ones here, the puppets which are big sized puppets,
oYICJo1k4ay-01371-00443622-00443989 they are standing close to a big window of the courtyard.
oYICJo1k4ay-01372-00443989-00444474 The hanging puppets in white bags and the big dollhouse
oYICJo1k4ay-01373-00444474-00444703 are the other treasures of the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01374-00444980-00445154 One of the last slides.
oYICJo1k4ay-01375-00445154-00445646 The RE-ORG project provided a safer place for this treasure,
oYICJo1k4ay-01376-00445646-00446045 especially vulnerable to light, UV, and physical forces.
oYICJo1k4ay-01377-00446045-00446303 This object is taken away from the doors
oYICJo1k4ay-01378-00446303-00446695 and it's stored inside the exhibition corridor.
oYICJo1k4ay-01379-00446695-00447122 So its extreme value is today also more recognizable
oYICJo1k4ay-01380-00447122-00447409 for visitors of the storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-01381-00447409-00447847 Then, while taking into account their vulnerability
oYICJo1k4ay-01382-00447847-00448262 to light and manipulation but in the same time
oYICJo1k4ay-01383-00448262-00448589 wanting to reveal the value of these treasures,
oYICJo1k4ay-01384-00448589-00449102 the curator foresees now to uncover with a rotation system
oYICJo1k4ay-01385-00449102-00449662 the top treasure puppets during each visit.
oYICJo1k4ay-01386-00449662-00450104 Due to the RE-ORG project and complementary value assessment,
oYICJo1k4ay-01387-00450104-00450532 this dollhouse was at last recognized as a treasure
oYICJo1k4ay-01388-00450532-00450952 and is now on permanent display in the exhibition rooms.
oYICJo1k4ay-01389-00450952-00451243 And last but not least, the second dollhouse,
oYICJo1k4ay-01390-00451243-00451710 which is also a treasure, was removed from its risky place
oYICJo1k4ay-01391-00451710-00452095 under the water pipes to a safer and more visually attractive
oYICJo1k4ay-01392-00452095-00452221 location.
oYICJo1k4ay-01393-00452221-00452467 So its place in the exhibition corridor
oYICJo1k4ay-01394-00452467-00453031 now refers to the collection of dollhouse accessories, which
oYICJo1k4ay-01395-00453031-00453308 are stored in the cabinets behind.
oYICJo1k4ay-01396-00453308-00453526 That's it for me for today.
oYICJo1k4ay-01397-00453526-00453759 I think we go over to Zé Luiz now.
oYICJo1k4ay-01398-00454034-00454259 Thank you, Marjolijn.
oYICJo1k4ay-01399-00454259-00454868 So to conclude, I think that the core message of today's webinar
oYICJo1k4ay-01400-00454868-00455389 is that for a successful and sustainable RE-ORG project,
oYICJo1k4ay-01401-00455389-00455718 we should look at the collection with the three lenses
oYICJo1k4ay-01402-00455718-00455918 simultaneously.
oYICJo1k4ay-01403-00455918-00456113 I mean, we should take into account
oYICJo1k4ay-01404-00456113-00456428 the dimensions and the weight and the spatial needs
oYICJo1k4ay-01405-00456428-00456956 of the objects, but also their relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-01406-00456956-00457285 and their vulnerability and degree of exposure
oYICJo1k4ay-01407-00457285-00457584 to the different agents of deterioration.
oYICJo1k4ay-01408-00457584-00457946 So by combining that, we'll be able to optimize
oYICJo1k4ay-01409-00457946-00458309 the use of space, optimize and highlight
oYICJo1k4ay-01410-00458309-00458582 the value of collection in storage,
oYICJo1k4ay-01411-00458582-00458981 and minimize loss of value of the collection in storage
oYICJo1k4ay-01412-00458981-00459129 over time.
oYICJo1k4ay-01413-00459129-00459497 So with that, I think we conclude today's webinar.
oYICJo1k4ay-01414-00459497-00459671 So thank you very much.
oYICJo1k4ay-01415-00459671-00460022 I'll just walk you through, again, the assignments, just
oYICJo1k4ay-01416-00460022-00460307 to remind you and put them together
oYICJo1k4ay-01417-00460307-00460853 because Marjolijn spoke about them throughout her last bit
oYICJo1k4ay-01418-00460853-00461153 of presentation for May 1.
oYICJo1k4ay-01419-00461153-00461329 So there are three parts.
oYICJo1k4ay-01420-00461329-00461543 So in the first part, we'll kindly
oYICJo1k4ay-01421-00461543-00462080 ask you to review the mission statement of your museum
oYICJo1k4ay-01422-00462080-00462275 or museum you work with.
oYICJo1k4ay-01423-00462275-00462563 And then based on that, we will kindly
oYICJo1k4ay-01424-00462563-00462896 ask you to list in descending order
oYICJo1k4ay-01425-00462896-00463343 the types of value or other characteristics of the objects
oYICJo1k4ay-01426-00463343-00463826 that are most important for the museum to fulfill that mission.
oYICJo1k4ay-01427-00463826-00464234 For instance, if I work in an art museum,
oYICJo1k4ay-01428-00464234-00464572 artistic value might be the most important aspect,
oYICJo1k4ay-01429-00464572-00464879 authorship comes next, and so on.
oYICJo1k4ay-01430-00464879-00465179 So we would like you to list these types of values
oYICJo1k4ay-01431-00465179-00465905 or criteria that are key for the objects in order for the museum
oYICJo1k4ay-01432-00465905-00466178 to fulfill its mission statement.
oYICJo1k4ay-01433-00466178-00466817 The second part is to consider three possible relative value
oYICJo1k4ay-01434-00466817-00467107 categories in your collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01435-00467107-00467429 So the treasures, the high value objects,
oYICJo1k4ay-01436-00467429-00467924 and the objects of average value of the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01437-00467924-00468326 And then we would like you to inform
oYICJo1k4ay-01438-00468326-00468638 how many of these objects in each category
oYICJo1k4ay-01439-00468638-00468950 do you have in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-01440-00468950-00469214 If the exact numbers are not known, please
oYICJo1k4ay-01441-00469214-00469475 provide us with your best estimate.
oYICJo1k4ay-01442-00469475-00469793 Say, in storage, we have approximately so many
oYICJo1k4ay-01443-00469793-00470185 treasures, so many high value objects, and so many objects
oYICJo1k4ay-01444-00470185-00470354 of average value.
oYICJo1k4ay-01445-00470354-00470760 And then in addition to that, as part of the exercise,
oYICJo1k4ay-01446-00470760-00471080 we would like that you map, as Marjolijn illustrated
oYICJo1k4ay-01447-00471080-00471404 in one of her examples, the spatial distribution
oYICJo1k4ay-01448-00471404-00471863 of these objects in the storage room using the occupation
oYICJo1k4ay-01449-00471863-00472007 plan four.
oYICJo1k4ay-01450-00472007-00472360 You can also use a transparent sheet, like an acetate sheet,
oYICJo1k4ay-01451-00472360-00472592 to make this map, which will allow you
oYICJo1k4ay-01452-00472592-00472856 to overlay information.
oYICJo1k4ay-01453-00472856-00473099 I mean, overlay the spatial distribution
oYICJo1k4ay-01454-00473099-00473468 of collection items with the spatial distribution
oYICJo1k4ay-01455-00473468-00473668 of collection value in store.
oYICJo1k4ay-01456-00473668-00473921 So we'll have two layers of information.
oYICJo1k4ay-01457-00473921-00474200 But please know that for this mapping,
oYICJo1k4ay-01458-00474200-00474635 submission of this assignment is optional
oYICJo1k4ay-01459-00474635-00475013 because you might have some sensitive information there
oYICJo1k4ay-01460-00475013-00475468 you don't want to make it public where the treasures are.
oYICJo1k4ay-01461-00475468-00475697 So this is optional.
oYICJo1k4ay-01462-00475697-00476025 We ask that you inform how many of each type,
oYICJo1k4ay-01463-00476025-00476312 but the mapping for the value categories is
oYICJo1k4ay-01464-00476312-00476570 optional as the assignment.
oYICJo1k4ay-01465-00476570-00477059 And then in the last part, third bit of the assignment,
oYICJo1k4ay-01466-00477059-00477622 we ask that you map the source of agent of deterioration
oYICJo1k4ay-01467-00477622-00477889 inside the storage room you worked
oYICJo1k4ay-01468-00477889-00478154 with in your last assignment.
oYICJo1k4ay-01469-00478154-00478520 And then also the possible path through which
oYICJo1k4ay-01470-00478520-00478955 agents of deterioration coming from outside that storage room
oYICJo1k4ay-01471-00478955-00479243 could reach the collection in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-01472-00479243-00479453 So in order to do that, we suggest
oYICJo1k4ay-01473-00479453-00479867 that you use the fixtures plan two
oYICJo1k4ay-01474-00479867-00480104 as a base to create this map.
oYICJo1k4ay-01475-00480104-00480356 In this case, you can also use a transparent sheet
oYICJo1k4ay-01476-00480356-00480589 to make this mapping, which will allow you
oYICJo1k4ay-01477-00480589-00480783 to overlay information.
oYICJo1k4ay-01478-00480783-00481031 And then we will have now three layers of information--
oYICJo1k4ay-01479-00481031-00481435 the spatial distribution of collection items, on top of it
oYICJo1k4ay-01480-00481435-00481730 the spatial distribution of collection value,
oYICJo1k4ay-01481-00481730-00481955 and then at the third and last layer
oYICJo1k4ay-01482-00481955-00482363 the spatial distribution of hazards in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-01483-00482363-00482552 So that's the equivalent you have
oYICJo1k4ay-01484-00482552-00482947 to look at the collection in storage with the three lenses
oYICJo1k4ay-01485-00482947-00483289 simultaneously, as we metaphorically
oYICJo1k4ay-01486-00483289-00483477 illustrate in the exercise.
oYICJo1k4ay-01487-00483477-00483645 So I hope that's clear.
oYICJo1k4ay-01488-00483645-00484122 And I think we can move to questions and comments.
oYICJo1k4ay-01489-00484122-00484322 I don't know if somebody will mediate that.
oYICJo1k4ay-01490-00484322-00484421 Yes.
oYICJo1k4ay-01491-00484421-00484742 I can do that.
oYICJo1k4ay-01492-00484742-00484958 I just want to point out that you
oYICJo1k4ay-01493-00484958-00485312 should collect all of your assignment on one page
oYICJo1k4ay-01494-00485312-00485624 and submit it as a Word document.
oYICJo1k4ay-01495-00485624-00486435 And then that's the best way to submit your assignment.
oYICJo1k4ay-01496-00486435-00486800 So we have a few questions.
oYICJo1k4ay-01497-00486800-00487433 One is James Eto from Utah says, transporting objects on a cart
oYICJo1k4ay-01498-00487433-00487681 and going through elevators are the most dangerous.
oYICJo1k4ay-01499-00487681-00488507 This is in talking about agents of deterioration
oYICJo1k4ay-01500-00488507-00488645 in collections that are crowded.
oYICJo1k4ay-01501-00488918-00489383 And then that was just a comment.
oYICJo1k4ay-01502-00489383-00489683 Stephanie Lantier says, any suggestions
oYICJo1k4ay-01503-00489683-00490064 if you can't put a lock on the storage door?
oYICJo1k4ay-01504-00490064-00490227 It's a Historic House Museum.
oYICJo1k4ay-01505-00490540-00490710 Marjolijn, would you like to answer that?
oYICJo1k4ay-01506-00491026-00491302 I'm reflecting on it, sorry.
oYICJo1k4ay-01507-00491302-00491991 I think it's true that internal transport--
oYICJo1k4ay-01508-00491991-00492628 I think we all can agree that it's a huge risk when it's
oYICJo1k4ay-01509-00492628-00493195 not well considered, and especially during a RE-ORG
oYICJo1k4ay-01510-00493195-00493957 or moving or a big RE-ORG project when many people are
oYICJo1k4ay-01511-00493957-00494416 working inside the storage with you.
oYICJo1k4ay-01512-00494416-00494857 That's a risk-- a serious risk-- to take into account
oYICJo1k4ay-01513-00494857-00495472 and to prepare very well that you can go lower it.
oYICJo1k4ay-01514-00495472-00495993 But I think Simon will explain a little bit later
oYICJo1k4ay-01515-00495993-00496555 in the webinar which is not coming but the one
oYICJo1k4ay-01516-00496555-00496876 afterwards how you can plan and how
oYICJo1k4ay-01517-00496876-00497689 not to forget risky situations and how to not have them.
oYICJo1k4ay-01518-00497689-00497739 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-01519-00497739-00497789 Can I just--
oYICJo1k4ay-01520-00497789-00497978 The other one-- yes, please.
oYICJo1k4ay-01521-00497978-00498102 Go ahead.
oYICJo1k4ay-01522-00498102-00498181 No, no.
oYICJo1k4ay-01523-00498181-00498231 Go.
oYICJo1k4ay-01524-00498231-00498326 Go.
oYICJo1k4ay-01525-00498326-00498658 No, I just want to say that, again, I mean,
oYICJo1k4ay-01526-00498658-00498925 moving objects is risky.
oYICJo1k4ay-01527-00498925-00499231 But then think of the vulnerability.
oYICJo1k4ay-01528-00499231-00499429 So always consider things more vulnerable
oYICJo1k4ay-01529-00499429-00499879 to breakage, to deformation, to bending, or just the vibration.
oYICJo1k4ay-01530-00499879-00500152 So always take into account the vulnerability.
oYICJo1k4ay-01531-00500152-00500497 And then, OK, that's kind of a physical force,
oYICJo1k4ay-01532-00500497-00501035 so you can dampen them or plan ahead if the route is clear.
oYICJo1k4ay-01533-00501035-00501424 So there are ways to avoid or to minimize
oYICJo1k4ay-01534-00501424-00501757 or to block the physical force when you move that.
oYICJo1k4ay-01535-00501757-00501952 But that's the spirit.
oYICJo1k4ay-01536-00501952-00502114 Identify the vulnerability.
oYICJo1k4ay-01537-00502114-00502396 Identify the risk or the hazard.
oYICJo1k4ay-01538-00502396-00502635 And then find ways to avoid or block.
oYICJo1k4ay-01539-00502635-00502993 Now, moving to the second one on the lock, of course,
oYICJo1k4ay-01540-00502993-00503155 that in many is not doable.
oYICJo1k4ay-01541-00503155-00503664 That will be a strategy to block not thieves at the room level,
oYICJo1k4ay-01542-00503664-00504085 but maybe you can block something at the object level
oYICJo1k4ay-01543-00504085-00504522 by using a vault or some kind of strengthened showcase.
oYICJo1k4ay-01544-00504522-00504745 So that's the strategy of the layers.
oYICJo1k4ay-01545-00504745-00504993 If it doesn't work at the room level,
oYICJo1k4ay-01546-00504993-00505306 maybe it's feasible at the object level.
oYICJo1k4ay-01547-00505306-00505474 So don't block the room.
oYICJo1k4ay-01548-00505474-00505968 You block the object by putting it into a reinforced showcase.
oYICJo1k4ay-01549-00505968-00506347 Or you can avoid that by moving it somewhere else.
oYICJo1k4ay-01550-00506347-00506693 So that's systematically the strategies of avoid, block,
oYICJo1k4ay-01551-00506693-00506902 and think of all of the layers.
oYICJo1k4ay-01552-00506902-00507256 And then for Heather on the archeology museum,
oYICJo1k4ay-01553-00507256-00507597 I can imagine a million of fragments or something
oYICJo1k4ay-01554-00507597-00507672 like that.
oYICJo1k4ay-01555-00507672-00508024 So maybe just the things that are above average
oYICJo1k4ay-01556-00508024-00508293 that you know for sure from the mapping,
oYICJo1k4ay-01557-00508293-00508479 if they are grouped together.
oYICJo1k4ay-01558-00508479-00508951 So try to figure out and to map their spatial distribution
oYICJo1k4ay-01559-00508951-00509287 if you have really order of magnitude at least
oYICJo1k4ay-01560-00509287-00509737 more important items, just to have a feeling for the value
oYICJo1k4ay-01561-00509737-00509903 distribution in storage.
oYICJo1k4ay-01562-00510383-00510587 Marjolijn, you say something?
oYICJo1k4ay-01563-00510587-00510943 No, I think you said it.
oYICJo1k4ay-01564-00510943-00511346 And also, with the time being almost over,
oYICJo1k4ay-01565-00511346-00511514 there is another interesting question.
oYICJo1k4ay-01566-00511514-00511775 Sorry, Susan that I go fast.
oYICJo1k4ay-01567-00511775-00511848 That's fine.
oYICJo1k4ay-01568-00511848-00512312 But there is Suki, who says, as a collection assistant
oYICJo1k4ay-01569-00512312-00512585 with minimal territorial input, it's
oYICJo1k4ay-01570-00512585-00512999 difficult to assess values other to the occasionally
oYICJo1k4ay-01571-00512999-00513233 available monetary value.
oYICJo1k4ay-01572-00513233-00513653 I hope it was clear that every time that I set I
oYICJo1k4ay-01573-00513653-00514145 and me and the curator assessing values,
oYICJo1k4ay-01574-00514145-00514642 it's true that as an assistant it's not easy.
oYICJo1k4ay-01575-00514642-00514868 And it's true that you need input
oYICJo1k4ay-01576-00514868-00515434 from people who know the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01577-00515434-00515653 So that was what I wanted to say.
oYICJo1k4ay-01578-00515653-00515984 Perhaps, Zé Luiz, you want to add something?
oYICJo1k4ay-01579-00516235-00516285 Yeah.
oYICJo1k4ay-01580-00516285-00516721 I mean, that's why we refer to the mission.
oYICJo1k4ay-01581-00516721-00516933 And the value assessment.
oYICJo1k4ay-01582-00516933-00517287 Of course it's a consultation process.
oYICJo1k4ay-01583-00517287-00517434 Not only inside the museum.
oYICJo1k4ay-01584-00517434-00517845 If you have the opportunity to consult with community,
oYICJo1k4ay-01585-00517845-00518091 with all the stakeholders.
oYICJo1k4ay-01586-00518091-00518631 So to understand where is the value of this collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01587-00518631-00518928 Often, because people have different opinions--
oYICJo1k4ay-01588-00518928-00519124 and so it's subjective--
oYICJo1k4ay-01589-00519124-00519543 we use as reference the mission of the museum, the reason
oYICJo1k4ay-01590-00519543-00519747 for that collection to exist.
oYICJo1k4ay-01591-00519747-00519984 So only by referring to the mission
oYICJo1k4ay-01592-00519984-00520287 you can already have a feeling for that.
oYICJo1k4ay-01593-00520287-00520731 Of course, it requires consultation
oYICJo1k4ay-01594-00520731-00521106 with people who actually know and use the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01595-00521106-00521472 So hopefully you have opportunity to discuss that.
oYICJo1k4ay-01596-00521472-00521721 And as I said before, it's also an opportunity
oYICJo1k4ay-01597-00521721-00522143 even to review the mission of the museum
oYICJo1k4ay-01598-00522143-00522327 and just to see how the museum is
oYICJo1k4ay-01599-00522327-00522605 operating towards that mission.
oYICJo1k4ay-01600-00522605-00522979 So it's also an opportunity to clarify that.
oYICJo1k4ay-01601-00522979-00523170 It's a consultation process.
oYICJo1k4ay-01602-00523170-00523454 It requires some knowledge of the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01603-00523454-00523742 And ideally, by the different stakeholders.
oYICJo1k4ay-01604-00524135-00524330 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-01605-00524330-00524669 We have one more question, and then we're going to go.
oYICJo1k4ay-01606-00524669-00525205 I will post the recording as soon as I can,
oYICJo1k4ay-01607-00525205-00525491 and I'll send out an email to you all to let
oYICJo1k4ay-01608-00525491-00525793 you know that it's been posted.
oYICJo1k4ay-01609-00525793-00526393 And I'm very sorry about the mess up in the beginning.
oYICJo1k4ay-01610-00526393-00526635 It was my fault. And it's been taken care of.
oYICJo1k4ay-01611-00526635-00526887 It won't happen again.
oYICJo1k4ay-01612-00526887-00527473 So Sister Jean-Marie says, they have choir books that
oYICJo1k4ay-01613-00527473-00528046 weigh 20 to 45 pounds each, and they have a great value
oYICJo1k4ay-01614-00528046-00528718 but it's not a big value in dollars.
oYICJo1k4ay-01615-00528718-00529034 So how would you handle those?
oYICJo1k4ay-01616-00529034-00529084 Yes.
oYICJo1k4ay-01617-00529084-00529334 Please, when we spoke about value
oYICJo1k4ay-01618-00529334-00529729 or the relative importance, it's the significance
oYICJo1k4ay-01619-00529729-00530176 of the item in view of the mission of the museum,
oYICJo1k4ay-01620-00530176-00530608 which encompass, depending on the mission, artistic value,
oYICJo1k4ay-01621-00530608-00531094 historic value, symbolic value, religious or spiritual value.
oYICJo1k4ay-01622-00531094-00531324 So in general, when we talk about value,
oYICJo1k4ay-01623-00531324-00531505 it's not only monetary.
oYICJo1k4ay-01624-00531505-00532012 Often, it's not a main criterion in museum collections.
oYICJo1k4ay-01625-00532012-00532570 So the meaning of value here is cultural significance, and also
oYICJo1k4ay-01626-00532570-00532804 in relation to the museum mission.
oYICJo1k4ay-01627-00532804-00533065 So that's what we are considering here
oYICJo1k4ay-01628-00533065-00533635 when we talk about value is this significance or the importance
oYICJo1k4ay-01629-00533635-00533797 of the objects.
oYICJo1k4ay-01630-00533797-00534036 And then for decision making, we want
oYICJo1k4ay-01631-00534036-00534433 you to compare the relative importance among the objects
oYICJo1k4ay-01632-00534433-00534580 in the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01633-00534580-00534871 Monetary value can be a component.
oYICJo1k4ay-01634-00534871-00535072 That's a decision by the museum.
oYICJo1k4ay-01635-00535072-00535282 In some situations, the institutions
oYICJo1k4ay-01636-00535282-00535720 say it doesn't matter if it has or doesn't have monetary value.
oYICJo1k4ay-01637-00535720-00536026 What matters for us is its artistic value
oYICJo1k4ay-01638-00536026-00536389 or historic value or et cetera, depending on the function
oYICJo1k4ay-01639-00536389-00536509 of the collection.
oYICJo1k4ay-01640-00536509-00536719 I hope that's clear.
oYICJo1k4ay-01641-00536719-00536977 Throughout the webinar, and also in the future
oYICJo1k4ay-01642-00536977-00537241 when we refer to value, we are referring
oYICJo1k4ay-01643-00537241-00537591 to the importance or the significance of the item,
oYICJo1k4ay-01644-00537591-00538070 not exclusively to its monetary value.
oYICJo1k4ay-01645-00538070-00538120 Yeah.
oYICJo1k4ay-01646-00538120-00538314 That's right.
oYICJo1k4ay-01647-00538314-00538728 I've seen museums that want to value everything that's
oYICJo1k4ay-01648-00538728-00539126 of high monetary value when their most important stuff is
oYICJo1k4ay-01649-00539126-00539535 probably very mundane in terms of monetary value.
oYICJo1k4ay-01650-00539535-00539863 So that's a good point.
oYICJo1k4ay-01651-00539863-00540167 And one last comment.
oYICJo1k4ay-01652-00540167-00540626 Sister Jean-Marie said, maybe in the historic house
oYICJo1k4ay-01653-00540626-00540846 you could block the door with an alarm.
oYICJo1k4ay-01654-00540846-00541232 So only those with the key can get in without the alarm.
oYICJo1k4ay-01655-00541498-00541548 Yeah.
oYICJo1k4ay-01656-00541548-00542091 That's more like a psychological block if it's suitable.
oYICJo1k4ay-01657-00542091-00542571 Also cameras that can be disencouraging for whoever
oYICJo1k4ay-01658-00542571-00542754 wants to enter there.
oYICJo1k4ay-01659-00542754-00543110 So it would be like a psychological barrier.
oYICJo1k4ay-01660-00543110-00543456 In some cases, it's been shown that cameras do not really
oYICJo1k4ay-01661-00543456-00543936 protect, but there is some degree of effect there.
oYICJo1k4ay-01662-00543936-00544173 So it could also be a combination
oYICJo1k4ay-01663-00544173-00544413 of factors to be discussed.
oYICJo1k4ay-01664-00544413-00544875 But the idea is to approach this decision in a systematic way
oYICJo1k4ay-01665-00544875-00545223 by thinking of the layers, what can be done at each layer,
oYICJo1k4ay-01666-00545223-00545673 and also by combining alternatives what's
oYICJo1k4ay-01667-00545673-00545886 feasible or not so that we can try
oYICJo1k4ay-01668-00545886-00546339 to optimize what can be done.
oYICJo1k4ay-01669-00546339-00546389 OK.
oYICJo1k4ay-01670-00546389-00546573 I think that's it for the day.
oYICJo1k4ay-01671-00546573-00547373 So I'll post the recording as soon as I can.
oYICJo1k4ay-01672-00547373-00547925 And please remember to keep up with your assignments.
oYICJo1k4ay-01673-00547925-00548333 You can listen to either the recording or the live webinar,
oYICJo1k4ay-01674-00548333-00548531 and you'll still get credit.
oYICJo1k4ay-01675-00548531-00548750 And we'll see you next week.
oYICJo1k4ay-01676-00548750-00548898 So thanks a lot.
oYICJo1k4ay-01677-00548898-00549335 And again, I'm sorry about what happened earlier.
oYICJo1k4ay-01678-00549335-00549521 Thank you, Simon.
oZYjYOQrm9y-00017-00012934-00013040 Hellow sister
oZYjYOQrm9y-00018-00013141-00013332 Please one Minute
oZYjYOQrm9y-00025-00015002-00015102 Hw are you?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00026-00015147-00015356 fine how about you
oZYjYOQrm9y-00027-00015356-00015438 im good ure you okey
oZYjYOQrm9y-00028-00015438-00015741 Iam Good  tell me
oZYjYOQrm9y-00029-00015741-00015868 sory my name is Bozzy Bizzy
oZYjYOQrm9y-00030-00015925-00016080 I lives in This area
oZYjYOQrm9y-00031-00016080-00016361 My home land is near from here
oZYjYOQrm9y-00033-00016495-00016795 I saw you passed here twicely
oZYjYOQrm9y-00034-00016795-00017040 do you live in this area?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00035-00017040-00017175 NO
oZYjYOQrm9y-00036-00017207-00017499 Realy?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00037-00017499-00017662 But you live in this village?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00038-00017694-00017744 YES
oZYjYOQrm9y-00039-00017744-00017794 Isn Far from Here?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00040-00017825-00018118 ofcourse
oZYjYOQrm9y-00041-00018292-00018595 But you already know my name  can i know your name please?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00042-00018595-00018793 Whats is you name
oZYjYOQrm9y-00043-00018831-00019087 My Name is Amina
oZYjYOQrm9y-00044-00019087-00019280 Ohhoooo Amina? good name
oZYjYOQrm9y-00045-00019385-00019691 i know for this name Ithink also you have a good behaviour
oZYjYOQrm9y-00046-00019691-00019933 is that realy?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00047-00019933-00020068 When I saw You
oZYjYOQrm9y-00048-00020068-00020300 fo r the first time
oZYjYOQrm9y-00049-00020300-00020456 my heart
oZYjYOQrm9y-00050-00020456-00020706 was felt the one things i searched before i got it now
oZYjYOQrm9y-00051-00020706-00021119 please cn you marry me?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00052-00021296-00021580 HEY! brother how you looking me?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00053-00021580-00021713 why you told me that?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00054-00021747-00021858 I dislike that shit!
oZYjYOQrm9y-00055-00022077-00022322 EXCUSE!I think you ain't understand me well
oZYjYOQrm9y-00056-00022370-00022470 I havent bad aim  on that issue
oZYjYOQrm9y-00057-00022517-00022617 I have good aim
oZYjYOQrm9y-00059-00022801-00023108 i like you to be my own wife
oZYjYOQrm9y-00060-00023108-00023308 Brother did you se me like whom?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00061-00023308-00023553 and why you telling me this?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00063-00023724-00024018 Please understand me
oZYjYOQrm9y-00064-00024082-00024282 I under stood you well but take care my brother
oZYjYOQrm9y-00065-00024282-00024377 You ill insert yoursef
oZYjYOQrm9y-00066-00024377-00024655 INn big misreble condition ohoooo
oZYjYOQrm9y-00067-00024655-00024934 And then  dont think about me  also lets me go
oZYjYOQrm9y-00068-00025008-00025058 why i havent lucky every day
oZYjYOQrm9y-00069-00025058-00025199 but ill try alternate ways
oZYjYOQrm9y-00070-00025432-00025735 I never Quit
oZYjYOQrm9y-00071-00025735-00025836 And Ill get her
oZYjYOQrm9y-00078-00027354-00027470 NEW DAY
oZYjYOQrm9y-00079-00028327-00028522 you know hat my friend
oZYjYOQrm9y-00080-00028522-00028642 tommorow ill goint to see whethe that guy
oZYjYOQrm9y-00081-00028642-00028815 he is complete
oZYjYOQrm9y-00082-00028815-00029097 mh that guy sometimes  hes lier
oZYjYOQrm9y-00084-00029399-00029691 but tommorow ill see  his lier
oZYjYOQrm9y-00085-00029691-00029944 but i told you that Guy his realy lier
oZYjYOQrm9y-00086-00030005-00030136 but lets me go  but
oZYjYOQrm9y-00088-00030474-00030593 next tim,e  we can meet
oZYjYOQrm9y-00090-00030872-00031030 MR KONYO
oZYjYOQrm9y-00091-00031030-00031107 MR Bozzy
oZYjYOQrm9y-00092-00031136-00031300 You welcome
oZYjYOQrm9y-00093-00031300-00031430 Thank you
oZYjYOQrm9y-00095-00031704-00031804 okey tell me?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00097-00032039-00032145 Whts whrong mr?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00098-00032474-00032574 Always proble is for human beings
oZYjYOQrm9y-00099-00032672-00032878 obviusly those are available
oZYjYOQrm9y-00100-00032909-00033184 yesterday want to came
oZYjYOQrm9y-00101-00033255-00033470 but i was so tired
oZYjYOQrm9y-00103-00033727-00034005 but i was slept and i said today ill come
oZYjYOQrm9y-00104-00034005-00034295 Okey tell me we can converse
oZYjYOQrm9y-00106-00034582-00034772 yester day  iwas somewhere
oZYjYOQrm9y-00108-00035168-00036088 but there one girl was passed through  that place
oZYjYOQrm9y-00113-00036369-00036659 And iwas aproached her
oZYjYOQrm9y-00115-00036932-00037112 so
oZYjYOQrm9y-00116-00037228-00037328 MH
oZYjYOQrm9y-00117-00037400-00037604 So whts happened afrer aproached her?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00118-00037672-00037973 my friend the things  she replied me
oZYjYOQrm9y-00120-00038063-00038311 she dont want me and she dislike me
oZYjYOQrm9y-00121-00038311-00038581 realy?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00122-00038581-00038839 im so amaizing
oZYjYOQrm9y-00123-00038839-00039142 the villager girl can told me that shit?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00124-00039142-00039439 Do you realy love her?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00125-00039439-00039573 mhh now i didnt love her
oZYjYOQrm9y-00126-00039573-00040576 for now iwant her asa my wife but i desire her to be my bitch
oZYjYOQrm9y-00129-00040680-00040731 for any  price
oZYjYOQrm9y-00131-00040983-00041303 when i get her iwaqnt to give her pregnant and i  dumb her
oZYjYOQrm9y-00132-00041304-00041646 okey you know wht
oZYjYOQrm9y-00133-00041686-00041987 Beleve me i didint love her rigt now
oZYjYOQrm9y-00135-00042362-00042664 okey thats is a small problem
oZYjYOQrm9y-00136-00042664-00043009 to compare whith my last problem
oZYjYOQrm9y-00137-00043009-00043345 okeeey thaaaats time
oZYjYOQrm9y-00138-00043406-00043727 okey jhow you look us right  now?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00139-00043932-00044132 Naona mambo ni safi sasa hivi
oZYjYOQrm9y-00140-00044132-00044358 Sasa sikia  hapo mbele kunamganga mmoja ni hatari haswaa
oZYjYOQrm9y-00142-00044425-00044742 There is  one which doctor was helped me
oZYjYOQrm9y-00143-00044742-00045037 He is dangerous one
oZYjYOQrm9y-00144-00045037-00045346 you cant believe it
oZYjYOQrm9y-00145-00045393-00045716 Haha  that is best things you ever tod me
oZYjYOQrm9y-00146-00045716-00046015 his Prise?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00147-00046015-00046113 He have low price
oZYjYOQrm9y-00148-00046113-00046412 its like 20000 tanzania shilings
oZYjYOQrm9y-00149-00046412-00046710 okey listen ill prepare  like 50000 tsh for that issue
oZYjYOQrm9y-00150-00046710-00047022 okey lets go right now
oZYjYOQrm9y-00151-00047022-00047227 Now?
oZYjYOQrm9y-00152-00047285-00047566 ive like fifthy thousand shilings no like thirty thousand shilings
oZYjYOQrm9y-00153-00047568-00047823 like thirty thousand shilings
oZYjYOQrm9y-00154-00047824-00048120 Dont lost time
oZYjYOQrm9y-00155-00048120-00048414 okey we can go
oZYjYOQrm9y-00159-00048980-00049283 sometimes you realy  help  me
oZYjYOQrm9y-00161-00049579-00049878 thats why always i bring some a lot off gift from town
oaNc-TLBjEy-00000-00000654-00000872 Hello everyone and welcome to Loïc and Julien’s channel!
oaNc-TLBjEy-00001-00000872-00001053 How are you doing Loïc today?
oaNc-TLBjEy-00002-00001053-00001229 Well it’s going very very well and you?
oaNc-TLBjEy-00003-00001229-00001274 Great!
oaNc-TLBjEy-00004-00001274-00001499 We are glad to refind you in this new video.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00005-00001499-00001899 We are going to present you the second part of the first instruction
oaNc-TLBjEy-00006-00001899-00002065 which is the declaration / assignment of variables.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00007-00002065-00002261 Here we are going to concentrate on the assignment instructions.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00008-00002261-00002656 We are going to begin by showing you the pseudo-code of these variables assignments.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00009-00002656-00002938 At first, we are going to assign a value to a variable.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00010-00002938-00003141 For that purpose, the syntax is the following one.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00011-00003141-00003470 At first, we are going to write the name of the variable that we wish to assign a value.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00012-00003549-00003874 Watch out, it is necessary to have declared this variable.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00013-00003967-00004266 After writing the name of the variable, we have a symbol
oaNc-TLBjEy-00014-00004266-00004593 which is an arrow which points towards the variable that we wish to assign a value.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00015-00004593-00004985 On the right of this arrow, we find a value which is the value we want to assign.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00016-00005042-00005495 At the end of the line, we close the instruction with a semicolon.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00017-00005600-00006082 Then you can notice, it is also possible to take the contents of a variable and put it in a new one.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00018-00006082-00006238 It is simply called a copy.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00019-00006238-00006541 For that purpose, the syntax is similar to the previous one.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00020-00006541-00006929 We are going to write the name of the variable which we wish to affect.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00021-00006929-00007173 We still have the same arrow that points towards this variable.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00022-00007173-00007470 It’s follow-up by the variable which we wish to copy in the new one.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00023-00007470-00007740 The instruction is ended with a semicolon.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00024-00007793-00007842 Watch out!
oaNc-TLBjEy-00025-00007842-00008316 When we make this kind of operation, it is necessary to preliminary declare both variables.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00026-00008409-00008678 There is a second thing you have to pay attention.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00027-00008678-00009078 The content of the variable which we wish to copy has to have a content.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00028-00009225-00009606 Then you can notice here, and I insist, it is really a copy.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00029-00009606-00009801 Both variables are independent.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00030-00009801-00010139 When you are going to modify the copy, it is not going to modify the original.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00031-00010139-00010396 When you are going to modify the original, it is not going to modify the copy.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00032-00010396-00010713 It is exactly the same thing as copying a file to your computer.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00033-00010713-00011113 When we are going to copy the contents of a variable to another variable,
oaNc-TLBjEy-00034-00011113-00011431 there something else which is necessary to pay attention.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00035-00011431-00011766 Both variables have to be declared with the same type.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00036-00011850-00012292 Also, when we copy a value in a variable, both elements have to be of the same type.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00037-00012292-00012521 There is just an exception to do that,
oaNc-TLBjEy-00038-00012521-00013130 we have however the possibility of copying an integer value in a float variable because an integer is a float.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00039-00013196-00013653 Then we are going to give you a first example with variables assignment.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00040-00013653-00013924 Thus in this example which is again correctly written,
oaNc-TLBjEy-00041-00013924-00014158 well indented with the opening and closing embraces and the text
oaNc-TLBjEy-00042-00014158-00014514 which is well moved inside, we declared several variables:
oaNc-TLBjEy-00043-00014514-00014914 "a" as integer type, "x" as float type, "c" as string type and "b" as boolean type.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00044-00014914-00015164 Then you now know the instruction of variables declaration.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00045-00015164-00015506 Then we make assignment instructions.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00046-00015506-00015850 We are going to assign in "a" the value 42.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00047-00015850-00016059 Both have the same data type.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00048-00016059-00016134 Thus there are no problems.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00049-00016134-00016358 We have "a" with an integer type and the value 42
oaNc-TLBjEy-00050-00016358-00016481 which is an integer, everything is good.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00051-00016481-00016934 In "x" which has a float type, we assign the value 12.5.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00052-00016934-00017072 Thus there are no problems again.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00053-00017134-00017449 In "c" we are going to assign the string value "Du texte".
oaNc-TLBjEy-00054-00017449-00017970 You can notice here to specify the format of this value,
oaNc-TLBjEy-00055-00017970-00018157 we add quotation marks around this value
oaNc-TLBjEy-00056-00018157-00018557 to indicate that it is actually a string (that is the string "Du texte").
oaNc-TLBjEy-00057-00018687-00018993 Inside this string, we can put all the characters we wish:
oaNc-TLBjEy-00058-00018993-00019393 spaces as in this example, accentuated characters, everything you want.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00059-00019451-00019851 And to indicate it is a character string, we add quotation marks around the value.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00060-00019903-00020351 And in the last example, in "b" we assign here the value TRUE
oaNc-TLBjEy-00061-00020351-00020666 without quotation marks because it is a boolean variable.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00062-00020666-00021143 Thus we assign a boolean value to the variable "b" which has a boolean type.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00063-00021143-00021306 There is another possibility,
oaNc-TLBjEy-00064-00021306-00021586 we would have been able to assign the value FALSE which is the only other possibility.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00065-00021586-00021802 All these instructions finish with a semicolon.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00066-00021863-00022108 That it is an example where everything goes well.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00067-00022108-00022404 Now in this second example, we are going to see a problematic case.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00068-00022404-00022718 There we are going to have also valuable assignment to variables
oaNc-TLBjEy-00069-00022718-00023118 and we are going to have also assignment of variables contents to variables.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00070-00023274-00023400 Let's resume the algorithm.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00071-00023400-00023686 We have two variables "a" and "b" which are declared as integers.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00072-00023686-00023969 We have a variable "x" which is also declared as a float.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00073-00023969-00024128 And a variable "c" declared as a character string.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00074-00024141-00024473 We start by assgning values to the last two variables.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00075-00024473-00025031 Thus "x" receives the value 4.5, and "c" receives the value "Du texte" which is always surrounded by quotation marks.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00076-00025074-00025423 Then we are going to try to assign the contents from a variable to another one.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00077-00025423-00025720 Thus we are going to assign the contents of the variable "x" to "a".
oaNc-TLBjEy-00078-00025720-00025954 That’s what we do when we write " a <- x ".
oaNc-TLBjEy-00079-00025954-00026327 It is the content of the variable on the right side of the arrow which is assign to the variable
oaNc-TLBjEy-00080-00026327-00026509 which is to the left side of the arrow.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00081-00026509-00026787 Then we are going to realize the instruction "b" receives "c".
oaNc-TLBjEy-00082-00026787-00026954 We can also say it like that:
oaNc-TLBjEy-00083-00026954-00027354 "b receives" or "we assign" the content of the variable "c" in "b".
oaNc-TLBjEy-00084-00027354-00027473 You can say both.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00085-00027545-00027868 It is true that we shall often use the term "receives" (the variable receives something).
oaNc-TLBjEy-00086-00027868-00028186 Then, these last two instructions raise a problem
oaNc-TLBjEy-00087-00028186-00028552 because if you pay attention to what it is written, the data types are not compatible.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00088-00028593-00028993 Indeed, when we try to assign the value of "x" to the variable "a",
oaNc-TLBjEy-00089-00028993-00029413 we realize that the variable "a" is an integer whereas the variable "x" is a float.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00090-00029451-00029780 And if the data types are incompatible, it is an instruction which cannot work.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00091-00029780-00030427 And it is even worse after, because we try to assign the content of a character string variable
oaNc-TLBjEy-00092-00030427-00030695 (the variable "c" contains the text)
oaNc-TLBjEy-00093-00030695-00030884 in the variable "b" which is an integer.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00094-00030884-00031096 The data types are again incompatibles.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00095-00031096-00031282 This instruction cannot work.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00096-00031347-00031661 Thus you know now how to assign a value in a variable.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00097-00031661-00031947 We shall see in the next video a tool
oaNc-TLBjEy-00098-00031947-00032312 which is going to allow you to follow the evolution of your variables
oaNc-TLBjEy-00099-00032312-00032471 during the running of the algorithm.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00100-00032498-00032799 We thank you for following us in this video on variables assignment.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00101-00032799-00032892 See you soon.
oaNc-TLBjEy-00102-00032892-00033000 Ciao ciao!
obOgM1W0CUM-00000-00000010-00000233 WITH AJ FELDMAN.
obOgM1W0CUM-00001-00000233-00000240 WITH AJ FELDMAN.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00002-00000240-00000393 WITH AJ FELDMAN. >> AJ: IT WAS GOING TO BE A
obOgM1W0CUM-00003-00000393-00000400 WITH AJ FELDMAN. >> AJ: IT WAS GOING TO BE A  
obOgM1W0CUM-00004-00000400-00000630 WITH AJ FELDMAN. >> AJ: IT WAS GOING TO BE A MEMORABLE DAY FOR BRAINERD
obOgM1W0CUM-00005-00000630-00000637 >> AJ: IT WAS GOING TO BE A MEMORABLE DAY FOR BRAINERD  
obOgM1W0CUM-00006-00000637-00000787 >> AJ: IT WAS GOING TO BE A MEMORABLE DAY FOR BRAINERD TENNIS TODAY NO MATTER WHAT
obOgM1W0CUM-00007-00000787-00000794 MEMORABLE DAY FOR BRAINERD TENNIS TODAY NO MATTER WHAT  
obOgM1W0CUM-00008-00000794-00000857 MEMORABLE DAY FOR BRAINERD TENNIS TODAY NO MATTER WHAT HAPPENED.
obOgM1W0CUM-00009-00000857-00000864 TENNIS TODAY NO MATTER WHAT HAPPENED.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00010-00000864-00000927 TENNIS TODAY NO MATTER WHAT HAPPENED. EITHER THEY WERE GOING TO WIN
obOgM1W0CUM-00011-00000927-00000934 HAPPENED. EITHER THEY WERE GOING TO WIN  
obOgM1W0CUM-00012-00000934-00001241 HAPPENED. EITHER THEY WERE GOING TO WIN THE SECTION 8 AA TOURNAMENT AND
obOgM1W0CUM-00013-00001241-00001247 EITHER THEY WERE GOING TO WIN THE SECTION 8 AA TOURNAMENT AND  
obOgM1W0CUM-00014-00001247-00001351 EITHER THEY WERE GOING TO WIN THE SECTION 8 AA TOURNAMENT AND MAKE IT TO THE STATE FOR THE
obOgM1W0CUM-00015-00001351-00001358 THE SECTION 8 AA TOURNAMENT AND MAKE IT TO THE STATE FOR THE  
obOgM1W0CUM-00016-00001358-00001558 THE SECTION 8 AA TOURNAMENT AND MAKE IT TO THE STATE FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE 1970'S OR
obOgM1W0CUM-00017-00001558-00001564 MAKE IT TO THE STATE FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE 1970'S OR  
obOgM1W0CUM-00018-00001564-00001748 MAKE IT TO THE STATE FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE 1970'S OR THEY WERE GOING TO LOSE AND
obOgM1W0CUM-00019-00001748-00001755 FIRST TIME SINCE THE 1970'S OR THEY WERE GOING TO LOSE AND  
obOgM1W0CUM-00020-00001755-00001905 FIRST TIME SINCE THE 1970'S OR THEY WERE GOING TO LOSE AND THEY'RE UNDEFEATED REGULAR
obOgM1W0CUM-00021-00001905-00001911 THEY WERE GOING TO LOSE AND THEY'RE UNDEFEATED REGULAR  
obOgM1W0CUM-00022-00001911-00002031 THEY WERE GOING TO LOSE AND THEY'RE UNDEFEATED REGULAR SEASON WOULD BE ALL FOR NOT.
obOgM1W0CUM-00023-00002031-00002038 THEY'RE UNDEFEATED REGULAR SEASON WOULD BE ALL FOR NOT.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00024-00002038-00002288 THEY'RE UNDEFEATED REGULAR SEASON WOULD BE ALL FOR NOT. THEY FACED THEIR RIVAL ST. CLOUD
obOgM1W0CUM-00025-00002288-00002295 SEASON WOULD BE ALL FOR NOT. THEY FACED THEIR RIVAL ST. CLOUD  
obOgM1W0CUM-00026-00002295-00002432 SEASON WOULD BE ALL FOR NOT. THEY FACED THEIR RIVAL ST. CLOUD TECH, AND IT CAME DOWN TO THE
obOgM1W0CUM-00027-00002432-00002439 THEY FACED THEIR RIVAL ST. CLOUD TECH, AND IT CAME DOWN TO THE  
obOgM1W0CUM-00028-00002439-00002579 THEY FACED THEIR RIVAL ST. CLOUD TECH, AND IT CAME DOWN TO THE LAST MATCH, THIRD DOUBLES, WHICH
obOgM1W0CUM-00029-00002579-00002585 TECH, AND IT CAME DOWN TO THE LAST MATCH, THIRD DOUBLES, WHICH  
obOgM1W0CUM-00030-00002585-00002892 TECH, AND IT CAME DOWN TO THE LAST MATCH, THIRD DOUBLES, WHICH WENT A DRAMATIC THREE SETS.
obOgM1W0CUM-00031-00002892-00002899 LAST MATCH, THIRD DOUBLES, WHICH WENT A DRAMATIC THREE SETS.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00032-00002899-00003136 LAST MATCH, THIRD DOUBLES, WHICH WENT A DRAMATIC THREE SETS. MATT AND CAMDEN IN THE THIRD SET
obOgM1W0CUM-00033-00003136-00003143 WENT A DRAMATIC THREE SETS. MATT AND CAMDEN IN THE THIRD SET  
obOgM1W0CUM-00034-00003143-00003299 WENT A DRAMATIC THREE SETS. MATT AND CAMDEN IN THE THIRD SET IN THE TIE BREAK, NEED ONE MORE
obOgM1W0CUM-00035-00003299-00003306 MATT AND CAMDEN IN THE THIRD SET IN THE TIE BREAK, NEED ONE MORE  
obOgM1W0CUM-00036-00003306-00003436 MATT AND CAMDEN IN THE THIRD SET IN THE TIE BREAK, NEED ONE MORE POINT TO SEAL THE DEAL.
obOgM1W0CUM-00037-00003436-00003443 IN THE TIE BREAK, NEED ONE MORE POINT TO SEAL THE DEAL.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00038-00003443-00003603 IN THE TIE BREAK, NEED ONE MORE POINT TO SEAL THE DEAL. THEY LOST THE FIRST SET 6 TO
obOgM1W0CUM-00039-00003603-00003610 POINT TO SEAL THE DEAL. THEY LOST THE FIRST SET 6 TO  
obOgM1W0CUM-00040-00003610-00003813 POINT TO SEAL THE DEAL. THEY LOST THE FIRST SET 6 TO NOTHING AND FOUGHT BACK.
obOgM1W0CUM-00041-00003813-00003820 THEY LOST THE FIRST SET 6 TO NOTHING AND FOUGHT BACK.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00042-00003820-00004257 THEY LOST THE FIRST SET 6 TO NOTHING AND FOUGHT BACK. COOPER PLAYS UP AT THE NET AND
obOgM1W0CUM-00043-00004257-00004264 NOTHING AND FOUGHT BACK. COOPER PLAYS UP AT THE NET AND  
obOgM1W0CUM-00044-00004264-00004324 NOTHING AND FOUGHT BACK. COOPER PLAYS UP AT THE NET AND DELIVERS.
obOgM1W0CUM-00045-00004324-00004330 COOPER PLAYS UP AT THE NET AND DELIVERS.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00046-00004330-00004437 COOPER PLAYS UP AT THE NET AND DELIVERS. THEY WIN IN DRAMATIC FASHION.
obOgM1W0CUM-00047-00004437-00004444 DELIVERS. THEY WIN IN DRAMATIC FASHION.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00048-00004444-00004637 DELIVERS. THEY WIN IN DRAMATIC FASHION. THE TEAM RUSHES THE COURT.
obOgM1W0CUM-00049-00004637-00004644 THEY WIN IN DRAMATIC FASHION. THE TEAM RUSHES THE COURT.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00050-00004644-00004751 THEY WIN IN DRAMATIC FASHION. THE TEAM RUSHES THE COURT. HATS IN THE AIR.
obOgM1W0CUM-00051-00004751-00004758 THE TEAM RUSHES THE COURT. HATS IN THE AIR.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00052-00004758-00004908 THE TEAM RUSHES THE COURT. HATS IN THE AIR. THEY KNOCK OFF TECH.
obOgM1W0CUM-00053-00004908-00004914 HATS IN THE AIR. THEY KNOCK OFF TECH.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00054-00004914-00005225 HATS IN THE AIR. THEY KNOCK OFF TECH. FIRST TIME THIS DECADE ST. CLOUD
obOgM1W0CUM-00055-00005225-00005231 THEY KNOCK OFF TECH. FIRST TIME THIS DECADE ST. CLOUD  
obOgM1W0CUM-00056-00005231-00005361 THEY KNOCK OFF TECH. FIRST TIME THIS DECADE ST. CLOUD TECH ISN'T GOING TO STATE.
obOgM1W0CUM-00057-00005361-00005368 FIRST TIME THIS DECADE ST. CLOUD TECH ISN'T GOING TO STATE.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00058-00005368-00005702 FIRST TIME THIS DECADE ST. CLOUD TECH ISN'T GOING TO STATE. THE FIRST STATE BERTH FOR THE
obOgM1W0CUM-00059-00005702-00005709 TECH ISN'T GOING TO STATE. THE FIRST STATE BERTH FOR THE  
obOgM1W0CUM-00060-00005709-00005885 TECH ISN'T GOING TO STATE. THE FIRST STATE BERTH FOR THE BRAINERD WARRIORS SINCE 1975.
obOgM1W0CUM-00061-00005885-00005892 THE FIRST STATE BERTH FOR THE BRAINERD WARRIORS SINCE 1975.  
obOgM1W0CUM-00062-00005892-00006049 THE FIRST STATE BERTH FOR THE BRAINERD WARRIORS SINCE 1975. HERE ARE THE WINNING PLAYERS FOR
obOgM1W0CUM-00063-00006049-00006056 BRAINERD WARRIORS SINCE 1975. HERE ARE THE WINNING PLAYERS FOR  
obOgM1W0CUM-00064-00006056-00007350 BRAINERD WARRIORS SINCE 1975. HERE ARE THE WINNING PLAYERS FOR THE WARRIORS:
obOgM1W0CUM-00065-00007350-00007400 COOPER THE DRAMATIC WIN TO PUT
ohKC1vbdejU-00000-00000000-00000248 Twisted Ones and Pillsbury Doughboy
ohKC1vbdejU-00001-00003074-00003290 Are we ready to start recording?
ohKC1vbdejU-00002-00003334-00003384 Yeah?
ohKC1vbdejU-00003-00003384-00003522 Does my hat look good?
ohKC1vbdejU-00004-00003642-00003865 Oh! Oh!... Oh... we're starting!
ohKC1vbdejU-00005-00003894-00003944 ok
ohKC1vbdejU-00006-00003954-00004090 hello boys and girls
ohKC1vbdejU-00007-00004162-00004212 toda
ohKC1vbdejU-00008-00004212-00004344 i'm going to be showing you
ohKC1vbdejU-00009-00004382-00004518 how to make some of my
ohKC1vbdejU-00010-00004538-00004602 favorite
ohKC1vbdejU-00011-00004602-00004686 sweet treats
ohKC1vbdejU-00012-00004756-00004892 the first will be some chocolate
ohKC1vbdejU-00013-00004922-00005026 fudge brownies
ohKC1vbdejU-00014-00005118-00005168 oh my
ohKC1vbdejU-00015-00005168-00005380 look at that handsome model there
ohKC1vbdejU-00016-00005446-00005510 that's me
ohKC1vbdejU-00017-00005510-00005752 when I did a photo shoot some years ago
ohKC1vbdejU-00018-00005852-00005972 I still look good!
ohKC1vbdejU-00019-00006104-00006256 and if we come over here
ohKC1vbdejU-00020-00006256-00006556 I'll show you the other goodie we'll be making
ohKC1vbdejU-00021-00006578-00006714 it's cinnamon rolls
ohKC1vbdejU-00022-00006864-00006928 and look!
ohKC1vbdejU-00023-00006970-00007073 there I go again
ohKC1vbdejU-00024-00007106-00007386 I'm holding some cinnamon sticks in my arm
ohKC1vbdejU-00025-00007423-00007680 oh I had such a blast during those times
ohKC1vbdejU-00026-00007742-00007930 me and betty crocker were still dating
ohKC1vbdejU-00027-00007980-00008092 and madly in love
ohKC1vbdejU-00028-00008100-00008372 but she ended up being some two time cheap
ohKC1vbdejU-00029-00008372-00008494 back stabbing flousey!
ohKC1vbdejU-00030-00008780-00009060 Twisted Wolf: Look! ... There he goes Foxy
ohKC1vbdejU-00031-00009152-00009360 he's looking extra plump today
ohKC1vbdejU-00032-00009470-00009646 Foxy: So this is our  lunch?
ohKC1vbdejU-00033-00009740-00009796 Sure is!
ohKC1vbdejU-00034-00009796-00010034 I'm gonna make a nice soup outta of him
ohKC1vbdejU-00035-00010082-00010270 Ummm do you children like brownies
ohKC1vbdejU-00036-00010290-00010392 and cinnamon rolls?
ohKC1vbdejU-00037-00010530-00010580 Yea?
ohKC1vbdejU-00038-00010666-00010738 ok goodie!
ohKC1vbdejU-00039-00010778-00010994 Because I love cooking for all of
ohKC1vbdejU-00040-00010994-00011174 Jesse's World subscribers
ohKC1vbdejU-00041-00011198-00011454 sweets and treats is what I love to bake
ohKC1vbdejU-00042-00011488-00011652 it fills me up when
ohKC1vbdejU-00043-00011652-00011784 I have yummy in my tummy
ohKC1vbdejU-00044-00011972-00012268 I'm gonna make him the yummy to put in my tummy
ohKC1vbdejU-00045-00012338-00012418 come on foxy
ohKC1vbdejU-00046-00012430-00012558 let's go get him now
ohKC1vbdejU-00047-00012684-00012836 yea..... let's do this
ohKC1vbdejU-00048-00012869-00013102 Now...the first thing I'm gonna do
ohKC1vbdejU-00049-00013134-00013269 is open this box....
ohKC1vbdejU-00050-00013286-00013390 Wolf: Gotcha!!
ohKC1vbdejU-00051-00013390-00013447 Come here!
ohKC1vbdejU-00052-00014054-00014318 Twisted Wolf: Lunch will be ready soon!
ohKC1vbdejU-00053-00014447-00014568 drop him in the pot
ohKC1vbdejU-00054-00014586-00014734 Pillsbury Doughboy: No no don't!
ohKC1vbdejU-00055-00014734-00014900 Freddy: He looks nice and chewy
ohKC1vbdejU-00056-00014963-00015188 I'm gonna bite that little booti!
ohKC1vbdejU-00057-00015188-00015466 Ah! Don't bite my booti! Don't bite my booti
ohKC1vbdejU-00058-00015504-00015858 laughing
ohKC1vbdejU-00059-00015858-00016000 Freddy: Wait a second!
ohKC1vbdejU-00060-00016072-00016122 Wolf!
ohKC1vbdejU-00061-00016256-00016306 Yes?
ohKC1vbdejU-00062-00016306-00016464 He's just a tiny pipsqueek!
ohKC1vbdejU-00063-00016480-00016688 too small to feed all three of us
ohKC1vbdejU-00064-00016800-00016936 yea! Freddy is right
ohKC1vbdejU-00065-00017042-00017250 He's only gonna fill one of us up
ohKC1vbdejU-00066-00017268-00017548 What if I put extra vegatables in the soup?
ohKC1vbdejU-00067-00017672-00017864 Foxy: No! I'm sick of veggies
ohKC1vbdejU-00068-00017938-00018042 I need some meat
ohKC1vbdejU-00069-00018042-00018200 Well what are we gonna do?
ohKC1vbdejU-00070-00018200-00018332 There's no more meat left
ohKC1vbdejU-00071-00018344-00018480 and this little wimp
ohKC1vbdejU-00072-00018480-00018652 is barely gonna make me fart
ohKC1vbdejU-00073-00018796-00019052 What if we put him through the shreddar
ohKC1vbdejU-00074-00019074-00019130 to shred
ohKC1vbdejU-00075-00019212-00019396 and cut him into more pieces
ohKC1vbdejU-00076-00019396-00019490 Pillsbury: Oh deah!
ohKC1vbdejU-00077-00019490-00019624 Freddy: Oh now that's a good idea!
ohKC1vbdejU-00078-00019694-00019798 Yea.... I agree
ohKC1vbdejU-00079-00019844-00019988 Ummmm .....excuse me
ohKC1vbdejU-00080-00019990-00020062 Mr. Homies
ohKC1vbdejU-00081-00020074-00020274 I dont mind cooking for you all
ohKC1vbdejU-00082-00020302-00020406 a nice big lunch
ohKC1vbdejU-00083-00020468-00020540 wait what!
ohKC1vbdejU-00084-00020540-00020694 What do you mean you'll cook?
ohKC1vbdejU-00085-00020726-00020776 Why yes
ohKC1vbdejU-00086-00020820-00020884 I'm a chef
ohKC1vbdejU-00087-00020904-00021088 and I could make a good lunch
ohKC1vbdejU-00088-00021088-00021234 out of almost anything
ohKC1vbdejU-00089-00021302-00021366 Really!?
ohKC1vbdejU-00090-00021422-00021574 What do you guys think?
ohKC1vbdejU-00091-00021700-00021756 Well...
ohKC1vbdejU-00092-00021814-00022006 I guess it doesn't hurt to try
ohKC1vbdejU-00093-00022070-00022134 Yea!....
ohKC1vbdejU-00094-00022134-00022316 and if we don't like what he makes us
ohKC1vbdejU-00095-00022316-00022444 we'll shove it up his but
ohKC1vbdejU-00096-00022444-00022606 like a thanksgiving turkey
ohKC1vbdejU-00097-00022612-00022748 and roast him with it
ohKC1vbdejU-00098-00022770-00022986 alright go ahead and take him out
ohKC1vbdejU-00099-00023016-00023160 Whew! Oh thank you all
ohKC1vbdejU-00100-00023620-00023676 Eating
ohKC1vbdejU-00101-00023764-00023996 Pillsbury Doughboy: So right here
ohKC1vbdejU-00102-00023996-00024314 I've made a delicious steak and bell pepper sandwich
ohKC1vbdejU-00103-00024384-00024536 on sweet raisin breadd
ohKC1vbdejU-00104-00024578-00024658 with cheese
ohKC1vbdejU-00105-00024692-00024742 onions
ohKC1vbdejU-00106-00024764-00024844 mayonnaise
ohKC1vbdejU-00107-00024894-00025022 and a hint of pepper
ohKC1vbdejU-00108-00025196-00025380 so how are you all liking it?
ohKC1vbdejU-00109-00025566-00025630 Get away!
ohKC1vbdejU-00110-00025630-00025764 Oh dear!.... oh dear!
ohKC1vbdejU-00111-00025838-00026022 Let me step away for a moment
ohKC1vbdejU-00112-00026086-00026304 Everybody loves my cooking and baking
ohKC1vbdejU-00113-00026332-00026524 it's something I enjoy doing
ohKC1vbdejU-00114-00026804-00027012 But I still have room for desert
ohKC1vbdejU-00115-00027127-00027177 welll?
ohKC1vbdejU-00116-00027252-00027332 how bout it?
ohKC1vbdejU-00117-00027442-00027522 Ohh Desert!
ohKC1vbdejU-00118-00027582-00027886 I always love something sweet after my dinner
ohKC1vbdejU-00119-00027960-00028144 Oh well I have a dilly for you
ohKC1vbdejU-00120-00028144-00028308 I'm gonna make chocolate
ohKC1vbdejU-00121-00028308-00028389 and marshmallow smores
ohKC1vbdejU-00122-00028689-00028882 I'll take this chocolate bar
ohKC1vbdejU-00123-00028882-00029044 and put it on a cinnamon cracker
ohKC1vbdejU-00124-00029164-00029404 then I"ll put a hot marshmallow on it
ohKC1vbdejU-00125-00029414-00029464 wait!
ohKC1vbdejU-00126-00029510-00029560 oh no!
ohKC1vbdejU-00127-00029622-00029822 I don't have any marshmallows
ohKC1vbdejU-00128-00029864-00030016 What's a marshmallow?
ohKC1vbdejU-00129-00030076-00030302 It's a round....soft.... plump
ohKC1vbdejU-00130-00030394-00030586 white, sweet and chewy thing
ohKC1vbdejU-00131-00030650-00030858 that goes really good with this
ohKC1vbdejU-00132-00030880-00030968 this cracker
ohKC1vbdejU-00133-00031054-00031110 oh dear!
ohKC1vbdejU-00134-00031180-00031283 dilly ding dang
ohKC1vbdejU-00135-00031322-00031466 what am I gonna do now?
ohKC1vbdejU-00136-00031768-00031939 Ahhhhh! No noo!
ohKC1vbdejU-00137-00031995-00032172 your not suppose to eat me!
oiqe-TKZduc-00000-00000600-00000816 5 Ways to Weed Weakness Out of Your Life
oiqe-TKZduc-00001-00000911-00001696 Everyone has weaknesses. We’re born with them. We grow with them. We lose them, develop them,
oiqe-TKZduc-00002-00001696-00002128 and lose them all over again. It’s part of the growing experience.
oiqe-TKZduc-00003-00002224-00002776 So, if you’re trying to pass off your life as one with no weaknesses, you may be having a tough
oiqe-TKZduc-00004-00002776-00003376 time. It takes time to get to a point where you graduate your attributes from weak ones to strong
oiqe-TKZduc-00005-00003376-00004072 ones, but it is 100% possible. Start with a few solid ways to weed weakness out of your life.
oiqe-TKZduc-00006-00004168-00004576 Make it a Game When you zoom out and think about your weaknesses,
oiqe-TKZduc-00007-00004632-00005256 you can make a list out of it. Write them all down. Then, attack your list as if it were a
oiqe-TKZduc-00008-00005256-00005928 to-do list. These are definitive attributes that can be improved or changed, so why not go for it?
oiqe-TKZduc-00009-00006024-00006448 Learn from Others You are not alone here. You’re
oiqe-TKZduc-00010-00006448-00007056 certainly not the only person who has had/will ever have this weakness. You have tons of people
oiqe-TKZduc-00011-00007056-00007712 to look up to and learn from, so use this to your advantage. Find someone who has similar weaknesses
oiqe-TKZduc-00012-00007712-00008624 or similar habits as you. Ask them questions. Learn from them. Then, apply it to your situation.
oiqe-TKZduc-00013-00008624-00009040 Think About What You Cannot See Have you ever received criticism
oiqe-TKZduc-00014-00009040-00009560 from someone and been completely shocked? Sometimes we don’t realize our weaknesses
oiqe-TKZduc-00015-00009560-00010056 until it is brought to our attention. If you’re starting on a self-improvement project,
oiqe-TKZduc-00016-00010120-00010512 try asking your friends and family what they think you can improve about yourself.
oiqe-TKZduc-00017-00010600-00011024 Take it a Step Further Weaknesses are not surface level,
oiqe-TKZduc-00018-00011024-00011504 so they shouldn’t be treated that way. If you have a hard time speaking in public,
oiqe-TKZduc-00019-00011560-00011928 there is likely a deeper-seated issue causing that surface-level weakness.
oiqe-TKZduc-00020-00012016-00012456 If you don’t like to do your work on time, there’s probably something triggering that.
oiqe-TKZduc-00021-00012544-00013136 When you analyze your weaknesses, don’t just think about how you want to improve them. Think
oiqe-TKZduc-00022-00013136-00013712 about why they are there in the first place. Ask yourself questions like “Why do I really feel this
oiqe-TKZduc-00023-00013712-00014384 way?” or “Have I always felt this way?” Get to the crux of your weakness, and then work to crush it.
oiqe-TKZduc-00024-00014472-00015056 Recognize that Strengths Always Trump Weaknesses No matter what your strengths are or what your
oiqe-TKZduc-00025-00015056-00015600 weaknesses are, the good always trumps the bad. Don’t be too hard on yourself
oiqe-TKZduc-00026-00015600-00016176 throughout this process. You have so many good things going for you, so don’t let yourself
oiqe-TKZduc-00027-00016176-00016640 forget about those. When you’re asking your loved ones about your weaknesses,
oiqe-TKZduc-00028-00016704-00017232 ask about your strengths. When you’re making a list of things you want to improve about yourself,
oiqe-TKZduc-00029-00017296-00017800 make a list about the things you pride yourself on. Keep up the morale and push through!
ojcVOzx8cKu-00000-00000484-00000831 Subscribe to our channel The Tuition Center and press the bell icon
ojcVOzx8cKu-00001-00000865-00001171 to see series of videos first which will save ur time
ojcVOzx8cKu-00002-00001171-00001370 and make you technically strong.
ojcVOzx8cKu-00003-00001886-00002034 Hello Friends in this video we will tell you how to shorten your URL’s.
ojcVOzx8cKu-00004-00002034-00002304 Hello Friends in this video we will tell you how to shorten your URL’s.
ojcVOzx8cKu-00005-00002320-00002750 There are many websites to help you in this.
ojcVOzx8cKu-00006-00002754-00002998 Some of the websites are: https://goo.gl/
ojcVOzx8cKu-00007-00002998-00003188 Some of the websites are: https://goo.gl/
ojcVOzx8cKu-00008-00003196-00003478 https://bitly.com/
ojcVOzx8cKu-00009-00003478-00003770 https://www.textmagic.com/free-tools/url-shortener
ojcVOzx8cKu-00012-00004050-00004602 So now we will tell you how can you use the above websites & shorten your url in just few clicks
ojcVOzx8cKu-00013-00004658-00004708 Procedure to shorten the url:-
ojcVOzx8cKu-00014-00004708-00004886 Procedure to shorten the url:-
ojcVOzx8cKu-00015-00005002-00005196 Step 1: Open the browser and type https://goo.gl/ .in
ojcVOzx8cKu-00016-00005196-00005424 Step 1: Open the browser and type https://goo.gl/ .in
ojcVOzx8cKu-00017-00005542-00005850 Step 2: Copy paste the url to be shorten
ojcVOzx8cKu-00018-00005850-00005908 Step 2: Copy paste the url to be shorten
ojcVOzx8cKu-00019-00005996-00006382 Step 3: Click shorten url
ojcVOzx8cKu-00020-00006856-00007145 And you did it. Your long Url Have been shorten down
ojcVOzx8cKu-00021-00007145-00007462 Now you can copy paste this url where ever you need it
ojcVOzx8cKu-00022-00007476-00007572 Wasn't it easy
ojcVOzx8cKu-00023-00007572-00007778 Stay tune for more such video
ojcVOzx8cKu-00024-00007786-00008194 & don't forget to subscribe & hit the bell icon to see the videos first
ojcVOzx8cKu-00025-00008198-00008538 also do mention in comment what type of videos would you love to see next
okWj4m69EvE-00000-00000287-00000971 You know... I say at the Journey Intensive the journey work is not for people of casual
okWj4m69EvE-00001-00000971-00001955 interest... People don't really get what I'm saying and when I give intros I say
okWj4m69EvE-00002-00001955-00002493 to them: "if you're looking for a rah-rah positive thinking seminar this is not
okWj4m69EvE-00003-00002493-00003329 for you. If you genuinely authentically want to come home to yourself, if you
okWj4m69EvE-00004-00003329-00003996 want to roll up your sleeves then... this is for fierce lovers of truth. It is not
okWj4m69EvE-00005-00003996-00004527 for people of casual interest! If people realized what enlightenment, what freedom,
okWj4m69EvE-00006-00004527-00005246 liberation - given any name you want - what it takes to realize this" ... they'd be
okWj4m69EvE-00007-00005246-00006042 running for the doors at the Journey Intensive! You know... honestly, they'd be
okWj4m69EvE-00008-00006042-00006634 running for the doors! If they knew it took this level of ferocity, of
okWj4m69EvE-00009-00006634-00007472 commitment to stay still in the core of the worst fear!... Until it has its way with
okWj4m69EvE-00010-00007472-00008259 you. And yet I believe everyone's in this room because truth has got to you by the
okWj4m69EvE-00011-00008259-00009150 throat and you have no choice because your own soul has demanded that in this
okWj4m69EvE-00012-00009150-00009665 lifetime it's time to come home! And THE JOURNEY
okWj4m69EvE-00013-00009665-00010263 gives you the means, the method to directly experience it. Not as a
okWj4m69EvE-00014-00010263-00011082 spiritual idea, but as a direct living experience and when you have a direct
okWj4m69EvE-00015-00011082-00011838 living experience of that, no one can take that from you! You can try to put
okWj4m69EvE-00016-00011838-00012361 yourself to sleep in your life, but I promise you it will hunt you down
okWj4m69EvE-00017-00012361-00013329 truth will constantly hunt you down and demand that you stay home.
okWj4m69EvE-00018-00013329-00014162 Truth is a jealous lover; it does not want you to take your attention anywhere
okWj4m69EvE-00019-00014162-00015344 else but it! And it will organize your life so it gets your attention. So you
okWj4m69EvE-00020-00015344-00016275 can fight the call home and I can tell you that's not a pretty fight; it's a
okWj4m69EvE-00021-00016275-00016587 painful one! The stronger the call the more the
okWj4m69EvE-00022-00016587-00017123 lessons come and the faster and the stronger: more painful! Or you can just
okWj4m69EvE-00023-00017123-00018603 surrender! Up to you! I figure all of you are like I am: you were choiceless; you've
okWj4m69EvE-00024-00018603-00018907 probably had this longing since you were born
okWj4m69EvE-00025-00018907-00019748 and couldn't even understand why you couldn't find this and spent the whole
okWj4m69EvE-00026-00019748-00020550 of your life trying to find this that you came in as! It's a crazy mixed-up
okWj4m69EvE-00027-00020550-00021306 wild game we play as human beings; but once truth has you in its grip there's
okWj4m69EvE-00028-00021306-00022187 no exit! And what I feel that THE JOURNEY does is it accelerates your process and
okWj4m69EvE-00029-00022187-00022725 lets you get and open into source and clear your issues and clear what blocks
okWj4m69EvE-00030-00022725-00023268 you, obscures you, the way you race against life, race against love, race
okWj4m69EvE-00031-00023268-00024150 against God; it clears that away so that the natural diamond that is here, this
okWj4m69EvE-00032-00024150-00024806 infinite love that is your nature is unobscured! You don't have to do anything
okWj4m69EvE-00033-00024806-00025535 to get it: you already are it! I used to write in people's books when I did book
okWj4m69EvE-00034-00025536-00026208 signings: 'you are this that you are seeking' and people said: 'what do you mean
okWj4m69EvE-00035-00026208-00026858 by that?' Okay! Never mind! I'll stop writing that down!
okWj4m69EvE-00036-00027035-00028058 But I'm sure that all of you know the truth of that statement. That you are
okWj4m69EvE-00037-00028058-00028583 this that you are seeking!
olEeQqnm9yI-00000-00001068-00001358 Welcome
olEeQqnm9yI-00001-00001358-00001673 to a new video by Jesus H.N. Bigamer
olEeQqnm9yI-00002-00001673-00002164 and how you can watch in the title the video is the next
olEeQqnm9yI-00004-00002318-00002800 you know that I start with the part fast and then slow
olEeQqnm9yI-00006-00002889-00003183 we start
olEeQqnm9yI-00036-00012630-00012932 well, that´s all about the video
olEeQqnm9yI-00037-00012932-00013332 you know that you can give me a like or dislike
olEeQqnm9yI-00038-00013332-00013562 If it is the first time that you watch one of my videos
olEeQqnm9yI-00039-00013566-00013747 You can subscribe and activate the bell
olEeQqnm9yI-00040-00013754-00014116 for notifications about future videos
olEeQqnm9yI-00041-00014116-00014436 remember that this  video  was already on the channel
olEeQqnm9yI-00042-00014436-00014624 but I created a remake
olEeQqnm9yI-00043-00014624-00015422 because when I started with my videos, I didn't have this quality
olEeQqnm9yI-00044-00015422-00015494 well
olEeQqnm9yI-00045-00015494-00016040 if you want that I update older videos
olEeQqnm9yI-00047-00016126-00016342 you just comment it
olEeQqnm9yI-00048-00016410-00016510 well
olEeQqnm9yI-00049-00016558-00016908 we go to play it slow
olEeQqnm9yI-00050-00017034-00017084 chao
poJny-ipJ2Q-00000-00000327-00000624 abroad study
poJny-ipJ2Q-00001-00000624-00000942 abroad
poJny-ipJ2Q-00002-00000942-00001236 study abroad scholarship
poJny-ipJ2Q-00003-00001236-00001476 study abroad consultants
poJny-ipJ2Q-00004-00001476-00001730 overseas education
poJny-ipJ2Q-00005-00001730-00002012 education loan for abroad
poJny-ipJ2Q-00006-00002012-00002166 student exchange program
poJny-ipJ2Q-00007-00002277-00002377 abroad education
poJny-ipJ2Q-00008-00002450-00002650 foreign universities
poJny-ipJ2Q-00009-00002650-00002883 tribal development department
poJny-ipJ2Q-00010-00002939-00003252 adivasi yojana
poJny-ipJ2Q-00011-00003252-00003440 samaj kalyan
poJny-ipJ2Q-00012-00003504-00003805 adivasi vikas vibhag
poJny-ipJ2Q-00013-00003805-00004027 adivasi vibhag
poJny-ipJ2Q-00014-00004097-00004197 e vikas
poJny-ipJ2Q-00015-00004295-00004628 etribal scholarship
poJny-ipJ2Q-00016-00004808-00005113 maharashtra adivasi
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00000-00000108-00000208 Hi, everyone.  I am Ru-chan
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00001-00000208-00000258 I am Wen Tang
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00002-00000296-00000548 Today, I am taking you guys to go to  have a look at Japan's internet cafe
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00003-00000556-00000724 Internet cafe
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00004-00000910-00001144 Does Japanese  come to internet cafe very often ?
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00005-00001144-00001280 Went to Internet cafe quite often
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00006-00001280-00001422 For example,  when we miss the last train.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00007-00001458-00001720 or use it as a substitute for a hotel.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00008-00001739-00001870 Isn't it just for manga?
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00009-00001878-00002142 It is because that now, you can stay in it.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00010-00002174-00002418 I haven't try to stay in an Internet cafe before.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00011-00002456-00002640 The fringes today looks weird.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00012-00002662-00002808 The fringes are long.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00013-00002808-00002960 My fringes today looks extremely weird.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00014-00002960-00003066 Because it is too long
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00015-00003078-00003222 Whatever, I will just leave it like that.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00016-00003222-00003361 This is the one we came today.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00017-00003768-00004011 jiyukukan (name of the Internet cafe)
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00018-00004056-00004222 It looks like Ximending (a place in Taiwan)
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00019-00004456-00004554 Awesome
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00020-00004582-00004724 It feels just like a hotel.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00021-00004746-00004908 Be careful of the stairs
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00022-00004908-00004984 Roger that.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00023-00005764-00005954 The usage plan are right here.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00024-00005986-00006264 I will freeze the image so you can have a look at the price.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00025-00006445-00006645 There was a printer when we enter.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00026-00006712-00006922 You can also borrow their cable for charging and you can take your bath here.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00027-00006922-00007052 They also have food
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00028-00007226-00007426 Isn't it awesome
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00029-00007880-00008095 How do we eat this if there was not rice
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00030-00008108-00008222 Maybe it come together with the package
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00031-00008234-00008284 Really
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00032-00008514-00008714 They also have cup noodles.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00033-00009522-00009710 I only know JUMP
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00034-00010000-00010220 Aren't there magazine for women.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00035-00010268-00010458 These are all suitable for teenagers.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00036-00012090-00012190 Have a look at this, everyone.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00037-00012392-00012592 Two of us thought that
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00038-00012592-00012972 we were separate into two different room, 32 and 33.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00039-00012991-00013374 Luckily that room 32 and 33 is one big room
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00040-00013436-00013640 It will be awkward if we got separated.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00041-00013654-00013824 They got disposable headphone
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00043-00014162-00014362 They got locker right here.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00044-00014616-00014969 It says that you can lock your item in it for 12 hours for 100yen
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00045-00014976-00015132 You can't lock the the door of the room
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00046-00015144-00015369 So if you have valuable item with you and afraid that it will be stolen by others
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00047-00015394-00015541 You can put it right here.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00048-00015541-00015726 These are soups (corn soup and etc)
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00049-00015769-00016080 These are hot coffee and some others
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00050-00016104-00016197 They also have cold ones
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00051-00016219-00016302 Both hot and cold are available
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00052-00016332-00016382 Ice cube
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00053-00016494-00016636 Various kind of drinks
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00055-00017340-00017508 Lots of manga are available right here
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00057-00017812-00017996 I had finished this series.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00058-00017998-00018098 White: I also know about this manga
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00059-00018104-00018154 Blue: I had finished every single one (proud)
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00060-00018198-00018398 Isn't this everyone's favorite manga
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00061-00018398-00018498 TOKYO GHOUL
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00062-00018498-00018638 It is very famous.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00063-00018956-00019070 I like this one.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00064-00019092-00019382 It was about the living of three sister.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00065-00019448-00019562 I watched the anime.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00066-00019622-00019754 Ru-chan, Assassination Classroom.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00067-00019792-00019914 All right here are JUMP.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00068-00019932-00020018 My favorite
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00069-00020042-00020236 I was really into Assassination Classroom recently
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00070-00020268-00020448 I have been crying again and again after I watched it
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00071-00020514-00020730 Kuroko's basketball,  my favourite
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00072-00020744-00020852 Manga about basketball
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00073-00020852-00021024 Both weekly magazine and monthly magazine are available
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00074-00021046-00021234 It was very popular in Japan
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00075-00021280-00021546 Version for teenager and Young Jump were available.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00076-00021546-00021700 And it is the most famous one
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00077-00021748-00021966 Like ONE PIECE and Dragon Ball
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00078-00021996-00022150 Belongs to JUMP.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00079-00022700-00022818 As for ONE PIECE
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00080-00022852-00023162 I stop reading after  Ace died
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00081-00023196-00023398 I wanted to start where I stop
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00082-00023506-00023558 Isn't this awesome
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00083-00023828-00024014 You can place your valuable item in it
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00084-00024318-00024440 What did you bring back?
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00085-00024476-00024576 VIVI magazine
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00086-00024702-00024868 Pretend to be full of feminine qualities
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00087-00025098-00025350 This is the manga that Wen Tang recommend.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00088-00025372-00025564 very very interesting
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00089-00025592-00026054 Even thought, I haven't read it before, I brought it back since he recommend it.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00090-00026082-00026182 As for me
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00091-00026204-00026304 ONE PIECE
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00092-00026304-00026462 Continue where I stopped.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00093-00026758-00026827 And
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00094-00026920-00027020 Saki
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00095-00027020-00027118 What am I doing
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00096-00027268-00027430 This is am manga about mahjong
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00097-00027450-00027586 Continue where I stop
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00098-00027612-00027744 As for the last one
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00099-00027798-00027977 Chihayafuru
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00100-00028006-00028176 There was also a movie for it.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00101-00028208-00028366 I like it very much.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00102-00028398-00028600 But I only watch the anime and not the manga
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00103-00028618-00028780 I wanted to read the manga by taking advantage ofthis opportunity
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00104-00028826-00029022 Recommend everyone to try out these manga.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00105-00029022-00029210 Also tell us about your recommendation for manga.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00106-00030158-00030406 We have came out now.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00107-00030406-00030680 2 person, 3 hour and it cost 2000yen.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00108-00030680-00030908 If you guys came to Japan.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00109-00030924-00031082 Please give it try as their culture
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00110-00031130-00031382 Manga and Japan, both of them are great.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00111-00031394-00031494 Please come to Japan.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00112-00031526-00031826 Bye Bye, see you next time.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00113-00031856-00031960 Ru-chan
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00114-00031992-00032406 Please subscribe to Ru-chan's channel
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00115-00032430-00032764 Other than subscription, recommended videos are right over here.
p2gqdv6W1Qc-00117-00033020-00033084 Please watch it.
p2L-9ait1jM-00000-00000180-00000472 After a year as your Governor, despite the overwhelming challenges,
p2L-9ait1jM-00001-00000472-00000684 I still believe in Pennsylvania.
p2L-9ait1jM-00002-00000684-00001038 I ran for this office because I believe deeply in our potential.
p2L-9ait1jM-00003-00001038-00001534 The people of Pennsylvania deserve schools that teach, jobs that pay, and a government
p2L-9ait1jM-00004-00001534-00001950 that works for them. I’m ready to do the hard work to build a brighter future for Pennsylvania.
p2L-9ait1jM-00005-00001950-00002180 I hope you’re ready to join me.
p3PXeWwQGio-00000-00000604-00000952 When I originally joined the Marine  Corps, I was a public affairs Marine.
p3PXeWwQGio-00001-00000952-00001090 I was a combat correspondent.
p3PXeWwQGio-00002-00001122-00001320 So now, I teach at the Staff Academy.
p3PXeWwQGio-00003-00001320-00001506 I'm a faculty adviser for career school.
p3PXeWwQGio-00004-00001506-00001902 We facilitate warfighting,  administrative and communications,
p3PXeWwQGio-00005-00001902-00002235 leadership, and training packages for staff sergeants.
p3PXeWwQGio-00006-00002235-00002800 One of the things I like the most about being a faculty  adviser is the impact that I'm able to make here.
p3PXeWwQGio-00007-00002800-00003122 So, the Marine Corps has different SDAs, right?
p3PXeWwQGio-00008-00003122-00003492 You've got recruiters that turn civilians into recruits,
p3PXeWwQGio-00009-00003492-00003724 and you've got drill instructors  that turn recruits into Marines,
p3PXeWwQGio-00010-00003724-00003997 but at this level, at the staff sergeant level,
p3PXeWwQGio-00011-00003997-00004462 being a faculty adviser gives me the  opportunity to impact these staff sergeants,
p3PXeWwQGio-00012-00004462-00004862 who will then go back to their units and  impact all the Marines under their charge,
p3PXeWwQGio-00013-00004862-00005130 and some of their superiors and peers alike.
p3PXeWwQGio-00014-00005130-00005558 And this is the only place in the Marine Corps  where you can have that kind of impact.
p3PXeWwQGio-00015-00005582-00005734 Even if I don't meet a Marine,
p3PXeWwQGio-00016-00005734-00006398 there's a chance that I have taught  or exposed their staff sergeant
p3PXeWwQGio-00017-00006398-00006962 to something that is going to help them in their  careers, or in their life, and that's a great feeling.
p5c9MizTjTU-00000-00000000-00000050 GEMINI May 2019 Psychic Tarot Reading  Monthly Horoscope
p5c9MizTjTU-00001-00000050-00000665 okay.you Gemini's I have to start over your reading because there is just
p5c9MizTjTU-00002-00000671-00001875 definitely some horrible energy status around me so I see what's coming up when
p5c9MizTjTU-00003-00001875-00003057 you Gemini's so okay so as we begin the read and this is happy birthday to all
p5c9MizTjTU-00004-00003057-00004068 you Gemini's just so are with us just think of images okay so let's not think
p5c9MizTjTU-00005-00004068-00004650 about them but see what is for this farm so as I said you Gemini's that this
p5c9MizTjTU-00006-00004650-00005021 month is your birthday month happy birthdays to all you Gemini's for a
p5c9MizTjTU-00007-00005021-00005621 birthday readin please so check out the website and you can order a birthday
p5c9MizTjTU-00008-00005621-00005964 readin's okay the energy of strength comes in and
p5c9MizTjTU-00009-00005964-00006530 with this energy of strength it's going to affect you Gemini's for the entire
p5c9MizTjTU-00010-00006530-00007278 year okay now this month energies is the energy of strength you Gemini's or
p5c9MizTjTU-00011-00007278-00008504 having birthdays had come coming to the end of this month so the air energy for
p5c9MizTjTU-00012-00008504-00008952 you guys is finding in a strength to deal with situations in this year of
p5c9MizTjTU-00013-00008952-00009606 2019 so that is where we are happy with these energies please remember to cross
p5c9MizTjTU-00014-00009606-00010254 watts across watch I'm doing the extended readings cross watch you can
p5c9MizTjTU-00015-00010254-00010731 always pick up the extended readers the dollar ninety-nine cross watch for your
p5c9MizTjTU-00016-00010731-00011025 partners and for other people's who are going to be coming up and in your life
p5c9MizTjTU-00017-00011025-00011361 to know what is going to be transparent and what is going to be happening okay
p5c9MizTjTU-00018-00011361-00011820 so be aware of this for a lot of you Gemini's be careful out there because
p5c9MizTjTU-00019-00011820-00012273 there is just some real low energies that is going to be transpiring
p5c9MizTjTU-00020-00012273-00013008 going to be happening this might you guys um you're working with the energy
p5c9MizTjTU-00021-00013008-00014310 of finding in a sprite okay so Gemini's and you Gemini's especially
p5c9MizTjTU-00022-00014310-00014808 it's going to be affecting you guys in this month so be aware of that
p5c9MizTjTU-00023-00014808-00015213 I love the month of May it's one of my favorite month apart from the month that
p5c9MizTjTU-00024-00015213-00015855 I was born in I love you Gemini's I can so deal with you Jim and I so it's
p5c9MizTjTU-00025-00015855-00016581 wonderful so let's look and see I'm gonna bring down the camera so let me
p5c9MizTjTU-00026-00016581-00017136 know how this reading this way is for you guys so I'm going to bring down the
p5c9MizTjTU-00027-00017136-00017513 camera so you can see the cards
p5c9MizTjTU-00028-00018045-00018752 sell all right now as we look in the smoke they start
p5c9MizTjTU-00029-00018752-00019127 to know for the first week to see what's happening we have the energy of the
p5c9MizTjTU-00030-00019127-00019739 chariot so does this good um I guess the energy of the chariot is really coming
p5c9MizTjTU-00031-00019739-00020276 out for a lot of you air sign people whatever is transpiring this is a second
p5c9MizTjTU-00032-00020276-00020669 air sign that is receiving the energy of the chariot just this is definitely a
p5c9MizTjTU-00033-00020669-00021149 movement that is going to be happening for you Gemini's okay I hope it's not
p5c9MizTjTU-00034-00021149-00021719 too far it's movement it's you moving forward in your life let's see what else
p5c9MizTjTU-00035-00021719-00022106 is coming up for the Gemini's we have the energy of their number so some of
p5c9MizTjTU-00036-00022106-00023066 you could be moving in wet I love some of you could be deciding to move forward
p5c9MizTjTU-00037-00023066-00023540 in every love relationship some of you could be connecting with your twin flame
p5c9MizTjTU-00038-00023540-00024140 our soulmate and you're deciding that this is the person for you which is
p5c9MizTjTU-00039-00024140-00024649 wonderful the chariot and the lover together is - yes yes yes go for it
p5c9MizTjTU-00040-00024649-00025160 energy of the world is here so another wonderful yes energy in the third week
p5c9MizTjTU-00041-00025160-00025873 so you guys are really really having a positive year but also for the Gemini's
p5c9MizTjTU-00042-00025873-00026429 who were born in the month of May you're not only having a positive year but you
p5c9MizTjTU-00043-00026429-00026945 are also going to be having positive alignment you have fire you have water
p5c9MizTjTU-00044-00026945-00027370 which is positive emotions and you have the energy of the world let's see what's
p5c9MizTjTU-00045-00027370-00027929 coming out in the fort week for you Gemini you're dealing with someone in
p5c9MizTjTU-00046-00027929-00028414 power this is definitely someone in power could be you yourself there could
p5c9MizTjTU-00047-00028414-00028889 be positive alignment of energies especially when it when it comes up or
p5c9MizTjTU-00048-00028889-00029399 to your materialistic world work and that sort of a thing it's definitely
p5c9MizTjTU-00049-00029399-00029927 definitely going to be happening for two Gemini's so these are wonderful energies
p5c9MizTjTU-00050-00029927-00030512 so you have the energy off of fire beginning
p5c9MizTjTU-00051-00030512-00031027 month and end in the month with the energy of fire now you have all course
p5c9MizTjTU-00052-00031027-00031488 beautiful weeks okay all four beautiful weeks are here for
p5c9MizTjTU-00053-00031488-00032178 you Gemini's and i hope i really really hope that you guys can see the cards
p5c9MizTjTU-00054-00032178-00032963 okay so let me bring it down here I really hope that you guys already seen
p5c9MizTjTU-00055-00032963-00033522 these energy coming up because it's good just going to be very beautiful so again
p5c9MizTjTU-00056-00033522-00033922 I'm seeing a situation with some of you are going to be deciding on a
p5c9MizTjTU-00057-00033922-00034330 relationship and I'm seeing a situation that some of you are definitely going to
p5c9MizTjTU-00058-00034330-00035068 be having the alignment of good positive energy cells coming in a lot let's see
p5c9MizTjTU-00059-00035068-00035522 I'm the first week going in the second week what is coming up for the Gemini's
p5c9MizTjTU-00060-00035522-00036013 definitely are definitely a connection of Naga it could be some of you're going
p5c9MizTjTU-00061-00036013-00036597 to be deciding to go in a relationship connecting with someone in a
p5c9MizTjTU-00062-00036597-00037018 relationship whatever the situation is and whatever is transpiring it's gonna
p5c9MizTjTU-00063-00037018-00037462 be good because there is definitely some of you are planning on moving in
p5c9MizTjTU-00064-00037462-00037768 together that sort of a energy that is coming up and this is going to be
p5c9MizTjTU-00065-00037768-00038305 aligning you in wonderful images and seeing the lover energy so some of you
p5c9MizTjTU-00066-00038305-00038619 are definitely going to be connected with your twin flame and your soulmate
p5c9MizTjTU-00067-00038619-00039196 in this month of May so this is good let's see the energy of the lovers and
p5c9MizTjTU-00068-00039196-00039637 the world so definitely says if some of you have met your twin flame our
p5c9MizTjTU-00069-00039637-00040183 soulmate and now you're definitely deciding I don't know if you guys can
p5c9MizTjTU-00070-00040183-00040788 see the song I'm going to be changing it some of you are deciding to leave a
p5c9MizTjTU-00071-00040788-00041368 situation behind and leave the worries if you're in a love relationship okay
p5c9MizTjTU-00072-00041368-00042031 I'm just changing the way cuz I did it like this with the aquarium's okay so I
p5c9MizTjTU-00073-00042031-00042487 guess you guys can really see the cards now and that's the most important thing
p5c9MizTjTU-00074-00042487-00043065 so here we are with the energy of the chariot and the lovers
p5c9MizTjTU-00075-00043065-00043455 and definitely and the first week going in the second week some of you are
p5c9MizTjTU-00076-00043455-00044019 definitely going to be making some decisions about relationships some of
p5c9MizTjTU-00077-00044019-00044594 you could be ending a marriage in the second week when in the third week you
p5c9MizTjTU-00078-00044594-00045054 could be ending a marriage or deciding to end the marriage because it no longer
p5c9MizTjTU-00079-00045054-00045456 serves you okay it's as if that cycle of that marriage
p5c9MizTjTU-00080-00045456-00045759 is over because it's no longer served you
p5c9MizTjTU-00081-00045759-00046316 you could be also ending the soulmate relationship or a twin flame
p5c9MizTjTU-00082-00046316-00046922 relationship or especially the twin flame some of you could be ending the
p5c9MizTjTU-00083-00046922-00047310 cycle of this twin flame relationship let's look at the third week going in
p5c9MizTjTU-00084-00047310-00048018 the fourth week we have some conflicts some conflicts that was happening for
p5c9MizTjTU-00085-00048018-00048516 you guys okay I'm hoping that you guys are seeing this some conflicts that was
p5c9MizTjTU-00086-00048516-00049110 happening for you guys is finally ending okay so so you guys could have have some
p5c9MizTjTU-00087-00049110-00049766 conflicts in our authority or with someone in power and it's definitely and
p5c9MizTjTU-00088-00049766-00050265 then it could be a situation where you're in a management position and you
p5c9MizTjTU-00089-00050265-00051414 were having some you are having a situation where there are people that is
p5c9MizTjTU-00090-00051414-00052004 not vibrating on the right energy vibration as if you have ended this okay
p5c9MizTjTU-00091-00052004-00052590 let's see the two of cups definitely some people are going to be deciding to
p5c9MizTjTU-00092-00052590-00053319 walk away or move away from a situation that has to do with it could be family
p5c9MizTjTU-00093-00053319-00053951 but it could be past life relationships that is coming back up it could be
p5c9MizTjTU-00094-00053951-00054408 soulmate relationship where just as your sole family could be your family
p5c9MizTjTU-00095-00054408-00054895 it could be someone that you were married to and you're deciding to
p5c9MizTjTU-00096-00054895-00055352 reconnect for some of you and some of you are deciding to end this
p5c9MizTjTU-00097-00055352-00055776 relationship however it comes up for you it
p5c9MizTjTU-00098-00055776-00056289 definitely here for the extended read and check out the undermount extended
p5c9MizTjTU-00099-00056289-00056892 reason and you will be aligned with it the Wheel of Fortune is here so this is
p5c9MizTjTU-00100-00056892-00057399 positive especially when it comes on to work and four people were in business
p5c9MizTjTU-00101-00057399-00057910 this is a really positive energies because when the Wheel of Fortune comes
p5c9MizTjTU-00102-00057910-00058470 with energy of the Emperor if you decide to start a business or go into business
p5c9MizTjTU-00103-00058470-00058966 it's a yes go for it it's a yes go for it
p5c9MizTjTU-00104-00058966-00059704 it's a very very positive message as a yes go for it let's see what is the
p5c9MizTjTU-00105-00059704-00060298 outcomes for you guys the ace of Pentacles the ace of Pentacles so what
p5c9MizTjTU-00106-00060298-00060679 is inspiring is that definitely the Wheel of Fortune is going to bring you
p5c9MizTjTU-00107-00060679-00061311 guys a lot of money money is going to be playing a significant role for you guys
p5c9MizTjTU-00108-00061311-00061662 because the Wheel of Fortune is definitely definitely going to be
p5c9MizTjTU-00109-00061662-00062474 bringing a lot of money in your lives okay I hope you guys are seeing this cuz
p5c9MizTjTU-00110-00062495-00063462 I'm trying to make sure you guys can see these cards so the ace of Pentacles is
p5c9MizTjTU-00111-00063462-00064036 here so it's um it's definitely let me pull it out that's definitely a good
p5c9MizTjTU-00112-00064036-00064536 alignment of energies that is coming up especially with your outcomes for the
p5c9MizTjTU-00113-00064536-00065427 ace of Pentacles so this is really really good so your month is really not
p5c9MizTjTU-00114-00065427-00065895 looking bad it is actually a very positive months now there is definitely
p5c9MizTjTU-00115-00065895-00066282 some heartbreaks here whatever the situation is there's going to be art
p5c9MizTjTU-00116-00066282-00066829 breaks with people who are married because some people are going to decide
p5c9MizTjTU-00117-00066829-00067455 to let go of a situation okay a car Matic situation with either our
p5c9MizTjTU-00118-00067455-00067985 twin flame or a soulmate is now over the cycle as now
p5c9MizTjTU-00119-00067985-00068726 and so definitely you're decided to move away and it's as if you have been
p5c9MizTjTU-00120-00068726-00069161 deciding this for quite some times and you're really going to be putting it
p5c9MizTjTU-00121-00069161-00069635 into action that you're going to be moving away check out the extended
p5c9MizTjTU-00122-00069635-00070325 freedom because then you'll be better to see much more what is going on and with
p5c9MizTjTU-00123-00070325-00070949 who and how this is going to be affecting your life so what is
p5c9MizTjTU-00124-00070949-00071660 transpiring is that some of you are going to be reconnecting with someone
p5c9MizTjTU-00125-00071660-00072221 from your past life this is someone who you have a lot of love for they're not
p5c9MizTjTU-00126-00072221-00072704 as powerful for this person this is someone that is coming in from a past
p5c9MizTjTU-00127-00072704-00073198 life and they're saying yes go for this relationship okay
p5c9MizTjTU-00128-00073198-00073880 I've seen some of you and in a soulmate relationship and there were some battles
p5c9MizTjTU-00129-00073880-00074300 that was going on there was conflicts and battles that was going on it could
p5c9MizTjTU-00130-00074300-00074807 be a divorce that's sort of an issue but at the end of the day some of you are
p5c9MizTjTU-00131-00074807-00075350 going to be coming out be very financial abundance because you're ending the
p5c9MizTjTU-00132-00075350-00075860 month with the ace of Pentacles and it has to do with a past life situation
p5c9MizTjTU-00133-00075860-00076313 with a family situation Zac aromatic situation that has transpired in your
p5c9MizTjTU-00134-00076313-00076775 life and you're ending this with a good note coming out with the ace of
p5c9MizTjTU-00135-00076775-00077156 Pentacles heart breaks is definitely going to be here but some of you are
p5c9MizTjTU-00136-00077156-00077597 going to be having financial balance and financial stability in your world and
p5c9MizTjTU-00137-00077597-00078239 this is really really positive now use the link below if you'd like to
p5c9MizTjTU-00138-00078239-00078806 see the extended of this reading because it's going to be helping you to align
p5c9MizTjTU-00139-00078806-00079301 what I'm seeing especially for people and that is working with people in a
p5c9MizTjTU-00140-00079301-00079757 management position if you are manager and that sort of a thing what I'm seeing
p5c9MizTjTU-00141-00079757-00080408 here that is happening and transparent is that your will is about to come
p5c9MizTjTU-00142-00080408-00080786 together as one because what is transpiring is that you're definitely
p5c9MizTjTU-00143-00080786-00081242 going to be receiving a management you ever to be hemmed in a situation
p5c9MizTjTU-00144-00081242-00081893 that has been happening the energy of the we know fortune is here so you're
p5c9MizTjTU-00145-00081893-00082373 going to be very fortunate if you are dealing with people in or authority or
p5c9MizTjTU-00146-00082373-00082829 you are yourself in our Tai Chi it's going to be good
p5c9MizTjTU-00147-00082829-00083531 you're a lot of you are cut through abuse with someone who was a soul mate
p5c9MizTjTU-00148-00083531-00084041 or a twin flame it could be a family member but it's coming up more as a
p5c9MizTjTU-00149-00084041-00084676 lover that you have cut to the BSO with that person and it is good now we have
p5c9MizTjTU-00150-00084676-00085142 other energies that is coming out let's see what else there is three other
p5c9MizTjTU-00151-00085142-00085640 energies that is coming out and this one said patient so a lot of you have been
p5c9MizTjTU-00152-00085640-00086123 very patient and a lot of you have to find patient in this year to deal with
p5c9MizTjTU-00153-00086123-00086552 situations in your life and it's all going to have to do with relationships
p5c9MizTjTU-00154-00086552-00086969 so you have to be patient dealing with relationship but patient dealing with
p5c9MizTjTU-00155-00086969-00087464 yourself also and this is going to be extremely wonderful so the first message
p5c9MizTjTU-00156-00087464-00088025 we have is patient which is number 14 and this is a very very good then the
p5c9MizTjTU-00157-00088025-00088562 next energy we have is a purple energy so this is an alien energy and it says
p5c9MizTjTU-00158-00088562-00089069 passion begins so a lot of you especially in your work your passion is
p5c9MizTjTU-00159-00089069-00089705 going to be beginning in your work because whatever the blocks were it is
p5c9MizTjTU-00160-00089705-00090179 now lifted and you're feeling yourself again you're releasing yourself of a
p5c9MizTjTU-00161-00090179-00090664 relationship that no longer serves you and by doing that you are feeling very
p5c9MizTjTU-00162-00090664-00091268 uplifting in yourself and this is good so what we're seeing is that balance and
p5c9MizTjTU-00163-00091268-00092072 having patient is going to be very significant in this month energy of the
p5c9MizTjTU-00164-00092072-00092567 blue rest and rejuvenate this is going to be good it is going to be a very
p5c9MizTjTU-00165-00092567-00093194 promising month for you Gemini's because you have all that it takes even though
p5c9MizTjTU-00166-00093194-00093812 that there is only one energy vibration here two energy vibration here which is
p5c9MizTjTU-00167-00093812-00094232 the center of the month where you're cutting out things and situate
p5c9MizTjTU-00168-00094232-00094692 that no longer serves you it is very good because what is aligning you is
p5c9MizTjTU-00169-00094692-00095061 that some of you are going to be fine inpatient and some of you your passion
p5c9MizTjTU-00170-00095061-00095423 is going to be awakened and some of you you're going to be resting and
p5c9MizTjTU-00171-00095423-00095991 rejuvenate and after a really horrible situation that has strength power in
p5c9MizTjTU-00172-00095991-00096527 your life and it has been a very very orrible situation that is transpiring
p5c9MizTjTU-00173-00096527-00097076 in your life but for most of you love is going to begin it's no question new love
p5c9MizTjTU-00174-00097076-00097710 is going to be coming in there is no question about that okay so this is a
p5c9MizTjTU-00175-00097710-00099155 really really good let's see what the animal you guys coming out you guys have
p5c9MizTjTU-00176-00099155-00099743 this parrot of the frog clean out the clutters number 10 the Wheel of Fortune
p5c9MizTjTU-00177-00099743-00100361 you have number 10 the Wheel of Fortune so you have 1 and 0 which is the Omega
p5c9MizTjTU-00178-00100361-00100919 helping you now whenever the frog energy comes up and this is an energy where you
p5c9MizTjTU-00179-00100919-00101381 Gemini's are gonna give cleaning out the clutter taking away what no number
p5c9MizTjTU-00180-00101381-00102116 serves you and really really changing the energies around you so call upon the
p5c9MizTjTU-00181-00102116-00102704 angels of and the spirit guides of the frog to player although energy call upon
p5c9MizTjTU-00182-00102704-00103299 mother Mary and the angels of collects or seals to come in and remove on lower
p5c9MizTjTU-00183-00103299-00103853 energies whatever that has been connected to you and aligned with you
p5c9MizTjTU-00184-00103853-00104417 you're going to be removing it because a lot of you have been in some really the
p5c9MizTjTU-00185-00104417-00104903 savory situations in your life and you're carrying the energy of the other
p5c9MizTjTU-00186-00104903-00105351 person and now you're going to be releasing yourself of that and that is
p5c9MizTjTU-00187-00105351-00105900 going to be good now as we move forward let's see what they ascendance master we
p5c9MizTjTU-00188-00105900-00106632 ignored cutanea comes up and your affirmation is I hope and to learn and
p5c9MizTjTU-00189-00106632-00107058 teach I hoping to learn and teach and this is a
p5c9MizTjTU-00190-00107058-00107469 really positive energy that is coming up because you're opening up yourself to
p5c9MizTjTU-00191-00107469-00108063 learn and teach and that is where the energy of that passion is going to be
p5c9MizTjTU-00192-00108063-00108546 coming in your life because you decide to find inner wisdom and things around
p5c9MizTjTU-00193-00108546-00108878 you some of you are going to be connecting with the hurt is good
p5c9MizTjTU-00194-00108878-00109296 whenever the energy of the hurt comes up the connect with a hurt so call upon
p5c9MizTjTU-00195-00109296-00109811 your angels and guides said Germain and Archangels akio to come in and remove
p5c9MizTjTU-00196-00109811-00110435 all the energies from out of your space out of your aura seal all doors and
p5c9MizTjTU-00197-00110435-00110925 window call open Archangel Michael to stand in your aura master Elmore and to
p5c9MizTjTU-00198-00110925-00111522 bring in the blue ray to actually cleanse the energy in and around you now
p5c9MizTjTU-00199-00111522-00112382 but when lord could tell me comes up he is the world teacher and he as the
p5c9MizTjTU-00200-00112382-00113288 inauguration of the scent of saint francis and shower who built the Taj
p5c9MizTjTU-00201-00113288-00114000 Mahal's and Mecca one of the wisest men Lord could mere practice Armas
p5c9MizTjTU-00202-00114000-00114776 harmlessness love and wisdom these images are encapsulated in this
p5c9MizTjTU-00203-00114776-00115286 card okay so this is a really positive card he is the member of the white
p5c9MizTjTU-00204-00115286-00115749 brotherhood and I've always thought you guys about the white brotherhood and the
p5c9MizTjTU-00205-00115749-00116351 Golden Rule those who was taken in assessment the
p5c9MizTjTU-00206-00116351-00117185 plan of the world if you are sensitive to energies AXA Lord could tamir to rob
p5c9MizTjTU-00207-00117185-00118055 you in his light so let's call upon Lord k'temeré and accent to rob you or me in
p5c9MizTjTU-00208-00118055-00118652 his light so that he can protect us from negative energies because obviously some
p5c9MizTjTU-00209-00118652-00119141 of us are really sensitive to negative energies than us energy that is coming
p5c9MizTjTU-00210-00119141-00119757 out is from the paragon ship is coming up on you guys because
p5c9MizTjTU-00211-00119757-00120471 you guys this is your year readin we're a peregrine ship you every year you
p5c9MizTjTU-00212-00120471-00121053 change and there is a peregrine ship that is coming up on you so definitely
p5c9MizTjTU-00213-00121053-00121464 there is a peregrine ship because the energies of the Twin Flame and the soul
p5c9MizTjTU-00214-00121464-00122031 meet these energies are ending out of your life which is good some of you need
p5c9MizTjTU-00215-00122031-00122538 to inaugurate my water so whenever you're showering you can call upon the
p5c9MizTjTU-00216-00122538-00123156 agents and guides to cleanse your energy call upon the mighty powerful and it
p5c9MizTjTU-00217-00123156-00123659 ain't just to come in and release whatever low energy that is in you and
p5c9MizTjTU-00218-00123659-00124251 around you to cleanse your energy vibration because obviously I felt it
p5c9MizTjTU-00219-00124251-00124800 before this readin that there was some negative energies that was coming out of
p5c9MizTjTU-00220-00124800-00125373 you guys and this isn't going to be an eel and Beulah is definitely going to be
p5c9MizTjTU-00221-00125373-00125850 coming in so whatever is transpiring and whatever is happening there's definitely
p5c9MizTjTU-00222-00125850-00126597 new levels coming in you guys can see my hair I'm checking out your readin ladies
p5c9MizTjTU-00223-00126597-00126945 and gentlemen I want to say thank you for being here if you'd like to see the
p5c9MizTjTU-00224-00126945-00127622 extended reading please connect with us on on the moment where we will go deeper
p5c9MizTjTU-00225-00127622-00128435 in explaining and I want to say please leave a message as to help you find this
p5c9MizTjTU-00226-00128435-00129051 reading we've seen the cards and let me know and I want to say I'm wishing you a
p5c9MizTjTU-00227-00129051-00129482 wonderful year and leaving you now on YouTube you can pick up the undermount
p5c9MizTjTU-00228-00129482-00130328 reading on the channel namaste until next time
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p96VbLjRweo-00000-00000412-00000670 (wind blowing)
p96VbLjRweo-00001-00001291-00001374 -: Oh.
p96VbLjRweo-00002-00001490-00001586 IDBM challenge.
p96VbLjRweo-00003-00001723-00001807 Season one.
p96VbLjRweo-00004-00001929-00002037 Episode nine.
p96VbLjRweo-00005-00002306-00002806 Why organizations have units that are aimed
p96VbLjRweo-00006-00002822-00003290 at rethinking the whole organization itself?
p96VbLjRweo-00007-00003290-00003485 Why do they want to destroy themselves?
p96VbLjRweo-00008-00003597-00003779 Because there's value in that.
p96VbLjRweo-00009-00004039-00004446 In this episode, you'll find how one organization
p96VbLjRweo-00010-00004446-00004926 in Japan is rethinking its future by drawing on its past.
p96VbLjRweo-00011-00005032-00005192 Enjoy.
p96VbLjRweo-00012-00005192-00005451 (upbeat music)
p96VbLjRweo-00013-00005635-00005814 -: So my name is Kevin Kajitani.
p96VbLjRweo-00014-00005913-00006247 Originally, I'm an engineer from the US.
p96VbLjRweo-00015-00006377-00006570 I'm actually American.
p96VbLjRweo-00016-00006570-00006767 I was working at Boeing originally,
p96VbLjRweo-00017-00006767-00006973 right out of college.
p96VbLjRweo-00018-00006973-00007125 And I was working on the 787 program,
p96VbLjRweo-00019-00007125-00007461 which is a relatively new aircraft.
p96VbLjRweo-00020-00007461-00007816 I was working in aerodynamics in their performance team.
p96VbLjRweo-00021-00007816-00008079 So I was doing performance calculations, design
p96VbLjRweo-00022-00008079-00008289 support, customer support.
p96VbLjRweo-00023-00008289-00008625 So I was working there for around three years,
p96VbLjRweo-00024-00008625-00008872 I would say, and then for personal reasons
p96VbLjRweo-00025-00008872-00009135 I decided to relocate to Japan, at which point
p96VbLjRweo-00026-00009135-00009371 the timing just happened to overlap
p96VbLjRweo-00027-00009371-00009676 with the introduction of the 787 to A&A,
p96VbLjRweo-00028-00009676-00009910 who was the launch customer.
p96VbLjRweo-00029-00009910-00010331 And so that was a opportunity for me to change
p96VbLjRweo-00030-00010331-00010831 career paths, and I join A&A in 2010, I believe.
p96VbLjRweo-00031-00010967-00011103 And I first started out in their engineering
p96VbLjRweo-00032-00011103-00011347 department doing the same types of
p96VbLjRweo-00033-00011347-00011628 engineering work, helping out with
p96VbLjRweo-00034-00011628-00011763 the introduction of the 787, and then
p96VbLjRweo-00035-00011763-00012050 I got rotated to kind of like the human
p96VbLjRweo-00036-00012050-00012365 resources section, and then after that
p96VbLjRweo-00037-00012365-00012615 went to revenue management in marketing
p96VbLjRweo-00038-00012615-00013058 to do database marketing, so introducing forecast
p96VbLjRweo-00039-00013058-00013288 models and machine learning algorithms
p96VbLjRweo-00040-00013288-00013456 for demand forecasting.
p96VbLjRweo-00041-00013456-00013872 And then last year I was moved to Digital Design Lab,
p96VbLjRweo-00042-00013872-00014082 which is a new organization within A&A,
p96VbLjRweo-00043-00014082-00014582 and it's kind of like, it's not nearly the scale
p96VbLjRweo-00044-00014638-00014975 or, you know,
p96VbLjRweo-00045-00015121-00015262 yeah, the scale's completely different,
p96VbLjRweo-00046-00015262-00015476 but I like to consider as kind of like
p96VbLjRweo-00047-00015476-00015800 the skunkworks of A&A, kind of an independent
p96VbLjRweo-00048-00015800-00016068 body that doesn't have to follow normal
p96VbLjRweo-00049-00016068-00016317 procedures or rules and is able to kind
p96VbLjRweo-00050-00016317-00016758 of research and test out new ideas
p96VbLjRweo-00051-00016758-00017154 in a relatively independent manner.
p96VbLjRweo-00052-00017154-00017446 So I've been doing that for a year and a half now.
p96VbLjRweo-00053-00017600-00017774 So that's me.
p96VbLjRweo-00054-00018583-00018935 Interviewer: Now, yeah, I have to ask more
p96VbLjRweo-00055-00018935-00019213 about this DDL.
p96VbLjRweo-00056-00019337-00019636 So how do you, what kind of things are you guys doing?
p96VbLjRweo-00057-00020001-00020292 -: Well, basically, we, there's a few,
p96VbLjRweo-00058-00020292-00020466 I guess, guiding principles.
p96VbLjRweo-00059-00020466-00020788 We have kind of three pillars that we are investigating.
p96VbLjRweo-00060-00020788-00021073 New business models, new service models, and also
p96VbLjRweo-00061-00021073-00021385 kind of like process, internal process innovations.
p96VbLjRweo-00062-00021498-00021633 Last year it was three pillars.
p96VbLjRweo-00063-00021633-00021999 This year we've kind of peeled away the process
p96VbLjRweo-00064-00021999-00022204 innovation because there is an IT department
p96VbLjRweo-00065-00022204-00022533 that can kind of take some of that load.
p96VbLjRweo-00066-00022533-00022865 So this year we're focused on business, new
p96VbLjRweo-00067-00022865-00023205 business models and new service models.
p96VbLjRweo-00068-00023354-00023615 But basically, as long as there's some reason
p96VbLjRweo-00069-00023615-00023861 for, there's a need within A&A or a need
p96VbLjRweo-00070-00023861-00024115 in the marketplace that A&A can address
p96VbLjRweo-00071-00024115-00024346 using the assets or strengths that we have,
p96VbLjRweo-00072-00024346-00024473 it's pretty much open to anything.
p96VbLjRweo-00073-00024473-00024886 So last year things that were officially
p96VbLjRweo-00074-00024886-00025143 announced, we launched a crowdfunding platform,
p96VbLjRweo-00075-00025227-00025582 we started working with drones,
p96VbLjRweo-00076-00025673-00026173 started working on robotics, we started working,
p96VbLjRweo-00077-00026229-00026558 we started getting into space, for example.
p96VbLjRweo-00078-00026558-00026908 And this year we're kind of expanding into,
p96VbLjRweo-00079-00026908-00027145 we haven't really announced anything,
p96VbLjRweo-00080-00027145-00027436 but we're looking into things like, you know,
p96VbLjRweo-00081-00027436-00027776 AI and blockchain,
p96VbLjRweo-00082-00027927-00028400 looking into sharing economy, mindfulness, things like that.
p96VbLjRweo-00083-00028400-00028864 So kind of whatever each, I guess, member
p96VbLjRweo-00084-00028864-00029077 within our group is interested in.
p96VbLjRweo-00085-00029077-00029251 We'll kind of research it on our own,
p96VbLjRweo-00086-00029251-00029435 pitch it internally, and if we get approval
p96VbLjRweo-00087-00029435-00029610 we get to work on it, so that's kind
p96VbLjRweo-00088-00029610-00029773 of the way it's working.
p96VbLjRweo-00089-00029930-00030193 Oh yeah, we also did avatars last year.
p96VbLjRweo-00090-00030193-00030386 Interviewer: I mean, that's pretty fascinating.
p96VbLjRweo-00091-00030386-00030594 You are like really, I mean, yeah, and some
p96VbLjRweo-00092-00030594-00030856 of these questions I gotta read off, repeating what it said.
p96VbLjRweo-00093-00030856-00030939 -: That's fine, that's fine.
p96VbLjRweo-00094-00030939-00031208 Interviewer: Yeah, but I think it's really
p96VbLjRweo-00095-00031208-00031395 cool that, you know, you're looking really far
p96VbLjRweo-00096-00031395-00031683 ahead in the future. Like, how do you,
p96VbLjRweo-00097-00031683-00031858 when you think about, like, design,
p96VbLjRweo-00098-00031944-00032052 I don't know how you call that, like,
p96VbLjRweo-00099-00032052-00032294 movement or changes in society,
p96VbLjRweo-00100-00032294-00032452 how do you know, like, which ones are gonna
p96VbLjRweo-00101-00032452-00032606 be, like, very huge?
p96VbLjRweo-00102-00032606-00032810 How do you know, like, why should you focus
p96VbLjRweo-00103-00032810-00032941 on robotics, for example?
p96VbLjRweo-00104-00032941-00033024 -: Yeah.
p96VbLjRweo-00105-00033491-00033939 I don't think there is any certainty in anything that we do.
p96VbLjRweo-00106-00033939-00034109 But I think the same can be said about business
p96VbLjRweo-00107-00034109-00034284 decisions that are made on a daily basis.
p96VbLjRweo-00108-00034284-00034541 I mean, we live in a world where things
p96VbLjRweo-00109-00034541-00034822 are changing at exponential speed and, you know,
p96VbLjRweo-00110-00034822-00035030 one of the projects I worked on last year,
p96VbLjRweo-00111-00035030-00035176 which was the avatar project, I got to work
p96VbLjRweo-00112-00035176-00035469 with XPRIZE in the US, and that was a really
p96VbLjRweo-00113-00035469-00035765 great experience in terms of kind of molding
p96VbLjRweo-00114-00035765-00036098 my understanding of the world we live in now.
p96VbLjRweo-00115-00036098-00036463 And Peter Diamandis, who's the founder of XPRIZE,
p96VbLjRweo-00116-00036463-00036820 he gave us a talk and a thing, the one thing
p96VbLjRweo-00117-00036820-00036988 that really stuck with me was, he was talking
p96VbLjRweo-00118-00036988-00037287 about how, you know, humans for over 150,000
p96VbLjRweo-00119-00037287-00037777 years have developed and evolved to live
p96VbLjRweo-00120-00037777-00038062 in a linear world, where it's like you have
p96VbLjRweo-00121-00038062-00038227 the distance you can travel in a day is defined
p96VbLjRweo-00122-00038227-00038442 by the horizon that you see, and when you walk
p96VbLjRweo-00123-00038442-00038722 10 steps forward you move 10 meters forward,
p96VbLjRweo-00124-00038722-00038921 and that's kind of the way we think.
p96VbLjRweo-00125-00038921-00039130 Well, we're wired to think that way.
p96VbLjRweo-00126-00039130-00039380 But in the last, you know, couple of decades,
p96VbLjRweo-00127-00039380-00039880 or few decades, we have quickly kind of
p96VbLjRweo-00128-00040099-00040286 distanced ourselves from that linear world,
p96VbLjRweo-00129-00040286-00040431 and now we live in a world where you can travel
p96VbLjRweo-00130-00040431-00040702 the opposite side of the planet in a day
p96VbLjRweo-00131-00040702-00041015 and technology is advancing exponentially,
p96VbLjRweo-00132-00041015-00041270 so when you figuratively think about
p96VbLjRweo-00133-00041270-00041504 taking 10 steps forward, you're not walking
p96VbLjRweo-00134-00041504-00041639 10 meters forward, you're going around
p96VbLjRweo-00135-00041639-00041787 the earth 26 times now.
p96VbLjRweo-00136-00041787-00041982 And our minds just aren't capable
p96VbLjRweo-00137-00041982-00042397 of comprehending that speed, and at the same
p96VbLjRweo-00138-00042397-00042621 time, since we're riding the exponential curve
p96VbLjRweo-00139-00042621-00042964 it doesn't feel like it's changing that fast.
p96VbLjRweo-00140-00042964-00043344 I mean, just 10 years ago, I think 10 years ago
p96VbLjRweo-00141-00043344-00043613 June was when iPhone came out.
p96VbLjRweo-00142-00043613-00043935 And now we kind of, you know, ubiquitously think
p96VbLjRweo-00143-00043935-00044288 as of smartphones as being kind of daily necessities.
p96VbLjRweo-00144-00044288-00044695 But 10 years ago it was, like, kind of a joke
p96VbLjRweo-00145-00044695-00044857 to be honest, you know?
p96VbLjRweo-00146-00044857-00045292 A lot of people were discrediting Apple's,
p96VbLjRweo-00147-00045292-00045477 you know, decision to go into phones.
p96VbLjRweo-00148-00045592-00045713 And I still remember that, but it seems
p96VbLjRweo-00149-00045713-00045907 like such a long time ago because now,
p96VbLjRweo-00150-00045907-00046254 it just, you know, it's like standard-issue
p96VbLjRweo-00151-00046254-00046382 now, right, to have a (indistinct) in smartphone.
p96VbLjRweo-00152-00046382-00046515 Interviewer: Yeah.
p96VbLjRweo-00153-00046515-00046815 -: So in that respect it's kindof more of a,
p96VbLjRweo-00154-00046815-00047183 not whether we have confidence 100%
p96VbLjRweo-00155-00047183-00047425 something's gonna happen, it's being confident
p96VbLjRweo-00156-00047425-00047802 in the analysis that you create and the story.
p96VbLjRweo-00157-00047802-00048033 Maybe that's a bad way to put it.
p96VbLjRweo-00158-00048140-00048366 It's impossible to be 100% sure of something,
p96VbLjRweo-00159-00048366-00048595 so you can only really be 100% sure
p96VbLjRweo-00160-00048595-00049082 of the current trends and you can only estimate
p96VbLjRweo-00161-00049082-00049306 where the trends will take you.
p96VbLjRweo-00162-00049306-00049657 And defining, you know, for example, the avatars
p96VbLjRweo-00163-00049657-00050005 is an easy one to talk about because it's so crazy.
p96VbLjRweo-00164-00050256-00050664 People ask us, "Why is an airline trying to drive
p96VbLjRweo-00165-00050664-00050916 "innovation avatar technology?
p96VbLjRweo-00166-00050916-00051133 "This world will never come," et cetera, et cetera.
p96VbLjRweo-00167-00051133-00051288 But when you actually do the research and you
p96VbLjRweo-00168-00051288-00051429 kind of go around, you realize that no,
p96VbLjRweo-00169-00051429-00051767 you know, telepresence and tele-existence
p96VbLjRweo-00170-00051767-00052091 technology is up and coming, it's just underfunded.
p96VbLjRweo-00171-00052091-00052413 And here we are in a world where AI and robotics
p96VbLjRweo-00172-00052413-00052821 is exploding, and you realize that the technology
p96VbLjRweo-00173-00052821-00053063 and components are all there, it just hasn't been
p96VbLjRweo-00174-00053063-00053240 integrated and there hasn't been a use case
p96VbLjRweo-00175-00053240-00053469 to drive that integration.
p96VbLjRweo-00176-00053469-00053700 And then you realize okay, well, airplanes,
p96VbLjRweo-00177-00053700-00053960 airlines are operators of airplanes, and our
p96VbLjRweo-00178-00053960-00054146 service that, what do we provide to the world?
p96VbLjRweo-00179-00054146-00054505 We provide long-distance travel and transport,
p96VbLjRweo-00180-00054722-00054895 but when you really do the math, you realize
p96VbLjRweo-00181-00054895-00055112 that, you know, the entire global airline
p96VbLjRweo-00182-00055112-00055357 industry's impacting less than 10% of the world
p96VbLjRweo-00183-00055357-00055644 on a yearly basis, so we're not actually doing
p96VbLjRweo-00184-00055644-00055801 a great job of providing that service.
p96VbLjRweo-00185-00055801-00056166 And so the second a better solution, a cheaper,
p96VbLjRweo-00186-00056166-00056473 better, more democratic solution comes into
p96VbLjRweo-00187-00056473-00056730 the marketplace, I don't think airplanes
p96VbLjRweo-00188-00056730-00057105 are gonna be seen as being so attractive anymore.
p96VbLjRweo-00189-00057105-00057367 And so that's why it makes sense to kind
p96VbLjRweo-00190-00057367-00057522 of invest in avatar technology.
p96VbLjRweo-00191-00057522-00057704 I don't think that airplanes will be disrupted
p96VbLjRweo-00192-00057704-00057801 by avatar technology.
p96VbLjRweo-00193-00057801-00058267 I think avatars will actually help grow aviation
p96VbLjRweo-00194-00058267-00058507 demand because once you physically interact
p96VbLjRweo-00195-00058507-00058751 with somebody, it's just like email and Skyping.
p96VbLjRweo-00196-00058751-00058990 Those were both said to destroy business demand,
p96VbLjRweo-00197-00058990-00059077 but it didn't.
p96VbLjRweo-00198-00059077-00059254 It actually made business demand stronger
p96VbLjRweo-00199-00059254-00059389 because now you have a reason to travel
p96VbLjRweo-00200-00059389-00059566 and meet those people that you've seen,
p96VbLjRweo-00201-00059566-00059884 you've communicated via email and via video chat with.
p96VbLjRweo-00202-00059884-00060204 So it's kind of like doing those kinds of thought exercises.
p96VbLjRweo-00203-00060204-00060532 It's not a matter of knowing with 100% accuracy.
p96VbLjRweo-00204-00060532-00060654 It's being able to have a story
p96VbLjRweo-00205-00060654-00061144 that has grounding in facts and kind of drawing
p96VbLjRweo-00206-00061144-00061444 the lines and projecting where the future will be.
p96VbLjRweo-00207-00061444-00061629 And then, in that case, where should we
p96VbLjRweo-00208-00061629-00061842 as a company be positioned?
p96VbLjRweo-00209-00061842-00062090 And so a lot of it is we need to find ourselves
p96VbLjRweo-00210-00062090-00062389 as are we an airline, or are we an airline
p96VbLjRweo-00211-00062389-00062597 that connects people, cultures,
p96VbLjRweo-00212-00062597-00062860 and bridges gaps of distance, for example?
p96VbLjRweo-00213-00062860-00063086 And then once you kind of redefine that,
p96VbLjRweo-00214-00063086-00063255 then there's a lot of places and space for you
p96VbLjRweo-00215-00063255-00063428 to move around in, and you're not confined
p96VbLjRweo-00216-00063428-00063766 by using the aircraft to transport people.
p96VbLjRweo-00217-00063766-00064046 So that's kind of the mindset and the framework
p96VbLjRweo-00218-00064046-00064334 that we often use.
p96VbLjRweo-00219-00064558-00064641 Interviewer: I'm really just liking
p96VbLjRweo-00220-00064641-00064789 this whole open-endedness that, you know,
p96VbLjRweo-00221-00064789-00065090 you have if we don't have any idea, you know,
p96VbLjRweo-00222-00065090-00065249 it's kind of like exploring.
p96VbLjRweo-00223-00065249-00065332 -: Yeah.
p96VbLjRweo-00224-00065332-00065526 Interviewer: Exploring new ways of doing things.
p96VbLjRweo-00225-00065526-00065746 -: Yeah, well, and that's actually one
p96VbLjRweo-00226-00065746-00065884 of the stressful parts of the job.
p96VbLjRweo-00227-00065884-00066198 A lot of people say, "Oh, Kevin, you have a great job.
p96VbLjRweo-00228-00066198-00066323 "You get to do whatever you want,
p96VbLjRweo-00229-00066323-00066483 "and you get to dress casually."
p96VbLjRweo-00230-00066601-00066818 And I can't deny that.
p96VbLjRweo-00231-00066818-00067019 I feel very lucky to be where I am,
p96VbLjRweo-00232-00067019-00067410 but, you know, I'm not here, I am having fun,
p96VbLjRweo-00233-00067410-00067518 but I'm not here to have fun.
p96VbLjRweo-00234-00067518-00067898 I'm here to create value for our company so,
p96VbLjRweo-00235-00068147-00068387 you know, every waking moment I'm thinking about
p96VbLjRweo-00236-00068387-00068684 what can be done differently, what needs
p96VbLjRweo-00237-00068684-00068924 there are, what, you know, new trends
p96VbLjRweo-00238-00068924-00069314 are coming up, and so, yeah.
p96VbLjRweo-00239-00069645-00070027 That's one, I guess the more difficult parts.
p96VbLjRweo-00240-00070203-00070703 Interviewer: Yeah, somehow, I mean, I mean,
p96VbLjRweo-00241-00070708-00071071 like not gonna, in a way I can relate to that,
p96VbLjRweo-00242-00071071-00071384 in a sense that when you're working, you get
p96VbLjRweo-00243-00071384-00071531 dressed like no one is really coming to tell you
p96VbLjRweo-00244-00071531-00071870 like, "Hey, you start investigating," like.
p96VbLjRweo-00245-00071870-00071953 -: Yeah.
p96VbLjRweo-00246-00071953-00072127 Interviewer: "You know, retail chains," or something.
p96VbLjRweo-00247-00072127-00072403 No one tells me what to do, so I have to kind of.
p96VbLjRweo-00248-00072403-00072491 -: Self-motivate.
p96VbLjRweo-00249-00072491-00072621 Interviewer: Exactly.
p96VbLjRweo-00250-00072621-00072847 And most of the time it's very amazing,
p96VbLjRweo-00251-00072847-00072994 like essentially our own working hours,
p96VbLjRweo-00252-00072994-00073487 but then it's sometimes it's really kind
p96VbLjRweo-00253-00073487-00073746 of stressful, emotionally tiring.
p96VbLjRweo-00254-00073746-00073829 -: Yeah, yeah.
p96VbLjRweo-00255-00073829-00074055 Interviewer: It's like a golden cage.
p96VbLjRweo-00256-00074055-00074138 -: Yeah.
p96VbLjRweo-00257-00074382-00074522 I mean, that's one of the great things
p96VbLjRweo-00258-00074522-00074819 about, again, being part of a larger organization is.
p96VbLjRweo-00259-00074819-00075254 I think trying to do something new is a very
p96VbLjRweo-00260-00075347-00075847 lonely job because you don't have stakeholders.
p96VbLjRweo-00261-00075898-00076045 You have to find them.
p96VbLjRweo-00262-00076130-00076255 You don't have people on board.
p96VbLjRweo-00263-00076255-00076504 You have to convince them.
p96VbLjRweo-00264-00076504-00076634 You don't have a budget up front.
p96VbLjRweo-00265-00076634-00076960 You have to, you know, lobby for it.
p96VbLjRweo-00266-00077193-00077451 You don't have a team, so you have to do everything.
p96VbLjRweo-00267-00077612-00077930 And more in, you know, above everything else,
p96VbLjRweo-00268-00077930-00078286 you have a lot of kind of fear or uneasiness
p96VbLjRweo-00269-00078286-00078467 or anxiousness about whether the idea
p96VbLjRweo-00270-00078467-00078967 that you have is good enough for, is actually possible.
p96VbLjRweo-00271-00079008-00079225 I mean, people said Wonderfly is impossible.
p96VbLjRweo-00272-00079225-00079643 I was told that by majority of the people
p96VbLjRweo-00273-00079643-00079991 I initially asked for advice from,
p96VbLjRweo-00274-00080112-00080450 just operationally, "you're not going to be able to do it."
p96VbLjRweo-00275-00080656-00080941 And that advice was critical in launching
p96VbLjRweo-00276-00080941-00081277 Wonderfly because if I hadn't gotten that advice,
p96VbLjRweo-00277-00081277-00081411 it probably wouldn't have been successful
p96VbLjRweo-00278-00081411-00081749 because I had overlooked that aspect.
p96VbLjRweo-00279-00081749-00081940 And by getting that feedback, I was able
p96VbLjRweo-00280-00081940-00082123 to adjust the business model so that
p96VbLjRweo-00281-00082242-00082580 it could take pressure off of operations.
p96VbLjRweo-00282-00082580-00082806 So having that community there as a sounding
p96VbLjRweo-00283-00082806-00083099 board and also having the community there
p96VbLjRweo-00284-00083099-00083308 when you're completely just drained
p96VbLjRweo-00285-00083308-00083519 and completely lonely, and kind of on the verge
p96VbLjRweo-00286-00083519-00083711 of depression, you can go out drinking
p96VbLjRweo-00287-00083711-00084203 with colleagues and talk about how everybody
p96VbLjRweo-00288-00084203-00084386 in their respective roles is working
p96VbLjRweo-00289-00084386-00084580 to make the company better.
p96VbLjRweo-00290-00084580-00085024 By making the company better is really nice,
p96VbLjRweo-00291-00085024-00085456 and so that's another, I guess, maybe nice thing
p96VbLjRweo-00292-00085456-00085618 about Japanese business culture
p96VbLjRweo-00293-00085618-00085968 and nice thing about A&A, that I think if people
p96VbLjRweo-00294-00085968-00086261 here exploited a little bit more it would help
p96VbLjRweo-00295-00086261-00086761 to drive new ideas faster and more aggressively, I think.
p96VbLjRweo-00296-00086880-00087045 But it is lonely though.
p96VbLjRweo-00297-00087045-00087128 Interviewer: Yeah.
p96VbLjRweo-00298-00087128-00087565 -: I think you can, you share that experience.
p96VbLjRweo-00299-00087705-00087888 Interviewer: Thank you so much, Kajitani.
p96VbLjRweo-00300-00087888-00088025 It's always a pleasure.
p96VbLjRweo-00301-00088294-00088449 -: I'm glad I could get helping.
p96VbLjRweo-00302-00088584-00088843 (upbeat music)
p9ZvonTrzLM-00000-00000096-00000656 hi i'm v vishwajeeth and in this video we are going to see about launch escape system of
p9ZvonTrzLM-00001-00000776-00000992 rockets so let's get started
p9ZvonTrzLM-00002-00001416-00002064 the first type of uh escape system is an ejection seat the ejection seat uses
p9ZvonTrzLM-00003-00002120-00003279 a solid rocket motor fixed behind an seat and the crew can sit like this as shown in the photo and
p9ZvonTrzLM-00004-00003279-00004079 when in case of an emergency the solid rocket motor fire up fires up which aborts the astronaut
p9ZvonTrzLM-00005-00004079-00005024 from the uh big rocket then next type we are going to see is launch aboart tower a launch abort tower
p9ZvonTrzLM-00006-00005176-00005976 has an altitude control motor and an abort motor and jettison motor the abort motor fires up in a
p9ZvonTrzLM-00007-00005976-00006976 case of an emergency and these are a solid fueled the jettison motors are fired up so that we can
p9ZvonTrzLM-00008-00007584-00008376 launch about system from the uh crew module here we can say small part of crew module down
p9ZvonTrzLM-00009-00008376-00009640 below and and here is some fairing we can see over here which is connected to the launch board tower
p9ZvonTrzLM-00010-00009864-00010176 here uh the here we have an picture of
p9ZvonTrzLM-00011-00010248-00011640 uh how the boat uh launched unfolded uh the soyuz ms-10 blasts off from a bike launch site in russia
p9ZvonTrzLM-00012-00011856-00012784 as soon as the rocket lifted off after 114 seconds into flight the emergency escape system
p9ZvonTrzLM-00013-00012991-00013919 pulls the abort system from the rocket and the rock and the capsule has landed safely
p9ZvonTrzLM-00014-00014144-00014847 and next the next type we're going to see is a spacex blue origin and boeing's
p9ZvonTrzLM-00015-00015024-00015440 liquid fueled escape system a spacex dragon capsule
p9ZvonTrzLM-00016-00015496-00016568 uses uh four super prago thrusters to abort from the main rocket here we have an unpressurized
p9ZvonTrzLM-00017-00016568-00017232 trunk which is used to store cargo and here we have unpressurized capsule in which
p9ZvonTrzLM-00018-00017368-00018400 the astronauts stay next here we have a picture of a boeing's starliner craft a boating and
p9ZvonTrzLM-00019-00018400-00019256 the next blue origins uh flight path first the rocket launches and then the rocket shuts off with
p9ZvonTrzLM-00020-00019256-00020016 main engine and the abort system launches and shuts off and while the landing is
p9ZvonTrzLM-00021-00020016-00020632 done by burning the engines and deploying a landline and but for the crew it is done by
p9ZvonTrzLM-00022-00020632-00021800 parachutes thank you see you in the next video bye
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00000-00000000-00000162 and I think we've been covered also
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00001-00000162-00000337 motivation fortunately
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00002-00000337-00000700 right so the motivation is very
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00003-00000700-00000932 important to voice that why as much as
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00004-00000932-00001364 possible the reason companies go through
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00005-00001364-00001673 that when the founder walks away is
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00006-00001673-00001882 because suddenly the why is not in the
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00007-00001882-00001988 hallways
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00008-00001988-00002288 so and when the founder doesn't interact
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00009-00002288-00002741 with people that wife and fates way as
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00010-00002741-00003038 well and that's why founder always has
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00011-00003038-00003397 ground doesn't have to talk to everybody
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00012-00003397-00003665 he does have to say hello to everybody
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00013-00003665-00004162 around them show them that the Y still
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00014-00004162-00004597 there and and motivation will follow and
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00015-00004597-00005000 actions show whether your Alliance my
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00016-00005000-00005378 moments we got clients that were the
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00017-00005378-00005750 lines or why that's when my employees
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00018-00005750-00005954 were like oh no this is horrible
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00019-00005954-00006371 so if you're wise voice your people will
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00020-00006371-00006683 will keep you accountable to it it's not
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00021-00006683-00006908 perfect problem not perfect but my
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00022-00006908-00007009 people
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00023-00007009-00007240 and make that perfect because every time
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00024-00007240-00007336 i go on
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00025-00007336-00007688 they tell me you said you see that
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00026-00007688-00008003 moment they see you said that means you
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00027-00008003-00008153 said yeah you
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00028-00008153-00008345 that's your authentic self so why are
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00029-00008345-00008639 diverting so motivation comes from that
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00030-00008639-00008903 being aligned to your wine and tearing
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00031-00008903-00009103 it out interactions the moment those
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00032-00009103-00009332 things are kind of separate that's when
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00033-00009332-00009460 your people
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00034-00009460-00009763 two other companies and and
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00035-00009763-00010131 self-awareness is a really big thing
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00036-00010131-00010356 and the same goes procrastination my
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00037-00010356-00010682 number-one solve on procrastination is
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00038-00010682-00010907 look at the actions that you're doing is
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00039-00010907-00011067 it something that is Alliance your why
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00040-00011067-00011157 and
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00041-00011157-00011478 not wearing doing them and that's why a
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00042-00011478-00011625 lot of people start studying something
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00043-00011625-00011793 to be think they're passionate about and
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00044-00011793-00012015 the year later their life discovering
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00045-00012015-00012159 that that's not going to change the
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00046-00012159-00012540 world and suddenly it's like oh this is
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00047-00012540-00012696 not my wife but you have to continue
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00048-00012696-00012911 setting and suddenly their laptops to
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00049-00012911-00013134 facebook and procrastination extensive
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00050-00013134-00013313 renovations are really big thing to them
pw4UQfm6u0Y-00051-00013313-00014168 that's going to automation want
pwKOZbR30MY-00000-00000000-00000062 -Two, three.
pwKOZbR30MY-00001-00000062-00000271 -We are WEi! Hello, we are WEi!
pwKOZbR30MY-00002-00000271-00000844 -Let's start About Me with Marie Claire.
pwKOZbR30MY-00003-00001460-00001829 1. Today is the 000th day since WEi's debut (according to the filming day)
pwKOZbR30MY-00004-00001829-00001931 Answer : 488th day Junseo : (Our debut was) October 5th.
pwKOZbR30MY-00005-00001931-00002071 -1 year is 365 days, then plus... Answer : 488th day Calculating
pwKOZbR30MY-00006-00002071-00002231 -10...3...4 Answer : 488th day Calculating
pwKOZbR30MY-00007-00002231-00002366 Donghan : Can you figure it out by counting like that?
pwKOZbR30MY-00008-00002366-00002453 (He already gave up) Donghan : Can you figure it out by counting like that?
pwKOZbR30MY-00009-00002453-00002650 -485th day!
pwKOZbR30MY-00010-00002650-00002766 Yohan : 486th day!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00011-00002766-00002863 -488!!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00012-00002863-00002950 Seokhwa answered correctly for the first question.
pwKOZbR30MY-00013-00002950-00003063 -488th day. Seokhwa answered correctly for the first question.
pwKOZbR30MY-00014-00003063-00003197 Donghan : The 500th day will arrive soon.
pwKOZbR30MY-00015-00003197-00003242 -That's right 🥳500th day since WEi's debut🥳
pwKOZbR30MY-00016-00003242-00003400 -The 500th day will arrive 12 days later. 🥳500th day since WEi's debut🥳
pwKOZbR30MY-00017-00003400-00003919 2. Which one was not the hair color of WEi members since debut? 1) Black 2) Brown 3) Gray 4) Red 5) Orange 6) Yellow 7) Green 8) Blue 9) Violet
pwKOZbR30MY-00018-00003919-00004108 -I know it, I know it Answer : 7) Green Everybody is saying green.
pwKOZbR30MY-00019-00004108-00004240 It's chaos.
pwKOZbR30MY-00020-00004240-00004381 It's chaos. (shaking head)
pwKOZbR30MY-00021-00004381-00004543 (The youngest is clever) Junseo : Let's play rock scissors paper.
pwKOZbR30MY-00022-00004543-00004622 -Rock scissors paper.
pwKOZbR30MY-00023-00004622-00004732 (Secretly playing slowly)
pwKOZbR30MY-00024-00004732-00004845 (He's immediately caught)
pwKOZbR30MY-00025-00004870-00004912 -I know it.
pwKOZbR30MY-00026-00004912-00005045 -Only the scissors won.
pwKOZbR30MY-00027-00005045-00005097 It's chaos again.
pwKOZbR30MY-00028-00005097-00005194 -Only the scissors. It's chaos again.
pwKOZbR30MY-00029-00005194-00005306 -Number seven, green. Finally, Junseo got the chance to answer.
pwKOZbR30MY-00030-00005306-00005386 -Number seven, green, that's right. WEi had almost all the hair colors except for green.
pwKOZbR30MY-00031-00005386-00005583 WEi had almost all the hair colors except for green.
pwKOZbR30MY-00032-00005583-00005911 3. What's the sum of all the members' ages? (according to the year 2022, based on the birth year)
pwKOZbR30MY-00033-00005911-00006068 Answer : 144 Yohan : Gosh, I cannot do this.
pwKOZbR30MY-00034-00006068-00006195 Answer : 144 (He quickly gives up) Yohan : Gosh, I cannot do this.
pwKOZbR30MY-00035-00006195-00006233 -Seokhwa!!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00036-00006233-00006300 -Junseo Seokhwa!!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00037-00006300-00006368 Seokhwa : 100(?)
pwKOZbR30MY-00038-00006368-00006423 -144!!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00039-00006423-00006497 -I know it! 144!!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00040-00006497-00006580 -144!!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00041-00006580-00006645 -Hey, 100 doesn't make sense. 144!!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00042-00006645-00006732 -144 is right. 144!!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00043-00006732-00006956 Daehyun : Of course it's over 100~ We are six.
pwKOZbR30MY-00044-00006956-00007046 Seokhwa : Ah.. That's right.
pwKOZbR30MY-00045-00007046-00007188 -If there are six 20-year-old people, the sum is over 120. (There was a big mistake)
pwKOZbR30MY-00046-00007188-00007351 -Didn't you calculate it without you? (There was a big mistake)
pwKOZbR30MY-00047-00007351-00007780 4. Which prop didn't appear in TWILIGHT's music video? 1)Firework 2)Shopping cart 3)Videotape 4)Speaker 5)Balloon
pwKOZbR30MY-00048-00007780-00007950 Answer : 5)Balloon Donghan was the fastest.
pwKOZbR30MY-00049-00007950-00008073 Donghan : The balloon.
pwKOZbR30MY-00050-00008073-00008140 (Clever) Seokhwa : Which number was it?
pwKOZbR30MY-00051-00008204-00008345 Donghan : Number five.
pwKOZbR30MY-00052-00008345-00008491 Yongha : There is the balloon, isn't it?
pwKOZbR30MY-00053-00008491-00008557 Donghan : In which part?
pwKOZbR30MY-00054-00008557-00008719 Yongha : When the shopping cart appears, right?
pwKOZbR30MY-00055-00008719-00008779 -Doesn't it? (Only Yongha thinks of the balloon)
pwKOZbR30MY-00056-00008779-00008859 -There was no balloon. (Only Yongha thinks of the balloon)
pwKOZbR30MY-00057-00008859-00008908 -There wasn't, though. (Only Yongha thinks of the balloon)
pwKOZbR30MY-00058-00008908-00009258 5. In the lyrics of BYE BYE BYE, how many 'Bye's are there?
pwKOZbR30MY-00059-00009258-00009375 Answer : 44 times -Daehyun!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00060-00009375-00009465 Answer : 44 times Daehyun : How can somebody fail to answer it?
pwKOZbR30MY-00061-00009465-00009628 Donghan : What would you do if you failed?
pwKOZbR30MY-00062-00009628-00009798 (He's counting one by one) Donghan : What would you do if you failed?
pwKOZbR30MY-00063-00009798-00009982 Yohan : Less than 30 times!
pwKOZbR30MY-00064-00009982-00010104 -What do you mean by 'less'? (He gave up counting)
pwKOZbR30MY-00065-00010104-00010199 Yohan : (Well, then,) less than 40 times!
pwKOZbR30MY-00066-00010199-00010276 -Daehyun!!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00067-00010276-00010417 (Assured) Daehyun : 44 times
pwKOZbR30MY-00068-00010417-00010519 How did you know that..?
pwKOZbR30MY-00069-00010519-00010671 Seokhwa : Well, then how many 'La's are there in TWILIGHT?
pwKOZbR30MY-00070-00010671-00010835 Daehyun : (Seokhwa, you know that I love you, right?)
pwKOZbR30MY-00071-00010835-00010993 -Did you see that? It's full of affection and slander.
pwKOZbR30MY-00072-00010993-00011136 Daehyun's love so moves Seokhwa that he cries.
pwKOZbR30MY-00073-00011136-00011342 Daehyun : I can't insult here with holy Marie Claire.
pwKOZbR30MY-00074-00011594-00011982 6. Which song's composition did Daehyun take part in? (Several answers are available) 1) TWILIGHT 2) Fuze 3) All Or Nothing 4) BYE BYE BYE 5) RUi
pwKOZbR30MY-00075-00011982-00012104 Answer: 2) Fuze 3) All Or Nothing 5) RUi Junseo was the fastest
pwKOZbR30MY-00076-00012104-00012144 Answer: 2) Fuze 3) All Or Nothing 5) RUi
pwKOZbR30MY-00077-00012144-00012316 Junseo : Number two, Fuze.
pwKOZbR30MY-00078-00012316-00012424 Junseo : Number two, Fuze. Number three, All Or Nothing.
pwKOZbR30MY-00079-00012424-00012520 -How can you answer it? Junseo : Number two, Fuze. Number three, All Or Nothing.
pwKOZbR30MY-00080-00012520-00012591 -How can you answer it? Junseo : Was the number five BYE BYE BYE?
pwKOZbR30MY-00081-00012591-00012695 Junseo : Was the number five BYE BYE BYE?
pwKOZbR30MY-00082-00012695-00012756 -Seokhwa Seokhwa doesn't miss the chance.
pwKOZbR30MY-00083-00012756-00012850 Seokhwa doesn't miss the chance.
pwKOZbR30MY-00084-00012850-00013070 Seokhwa : Number two, Fuze.
pwKOZbR30MY-00085-00013070-00013155 Seokhwa : Number two, Fuze. Number three, All Or Nothing.
pwKOZbR30MY-00086-00013155-00013359 Seokhwa : Number two, Fuze. Number three, All Or Nothing. Number five, RUi (16th Star).
pwKOZbR30MY-00087-00013382-00013497 -Hooray.
pwKOZbR30MY-00088-00013497-00013646 Junseo : I didn't answer on purpose.
pwKOZbR30MY-00089-00013646-00013834 Daehyun : Why did you do that? It's better to answer.
pwKOZbR30MY-00090-00013834-00014011 Donghan : How could you ignore the leader's songs?
pwKOZbR30MY-00091-00014011-00014084 -I'm sorry Junseo apologizes without any fault.
pwKOZbR30MY-00092-00014084-00014201 Junseo apologizes without any fault.
pwKOZbR30MY-00093-00014201-00014436 -You should say! We're working here.
pwKOZbR30MY-00094-00014436-00014643 (This is unfair) Yohan : How can I say while you're fighting?
pwKOZbR30MY-00095-00014643-00014762 -We love peace. Peaceful WEi.
pwKOZbR30MY-00096-00015139-00015925 7. What was Yongha's 'goal till the end of the year' in the 'BLANK TALK' video last year?
pwKOZbR30MY-00097-00015925-00016011 Answer : watching an animated film without subtitles. -Daehyun!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00098-00016011-00016157 Answer : watching an animated film without subtitles. Daehyun : Vlive for 24 hours.
pwKOZbR30MY-00099-00016157-00016245 Yongha : Nope.
pwKOZbR30MY-00100-00016245-00016353 Seokhwa : Having the abs!
pwKOZbR30MY-00101-00016353-00016402 -Nope. Seokhwa : Having the abs!
pwKOZbR30MY-00102-00016402-00016535 Yongha : I will make it clear!
pwKOZbR30MY-00103-00016535-00016639 Yongha : I didn't achieve that goal.
pwKOZbR30MY-00104-00016639-00016807 Yohan is assured.
pwKOZbR30MY-00105-00016807-00016951 Yohan : Wasn't it the one you tried with me?
pwKOZbR30MY-00106-00016951-00017251 Yohan : Watching Japanese animated films without subtitles.
pwKOZbR30MY-00107-00017251-00017294 -That's right. Yohan : Watching Japanese animated films without subtitles.
pwKOZbR30MY-00108-00017294-00017548 Junseo : Then, please speak in Japanese.
pwKOZbR30MY-00109-00017548-00017781 (He will try it after he studies more) Yohan : He was watching <All of Us Are Dead> yesterday.
pwKOZbR30MY-00110-00018170-00018741 8. Which song was not included in <Double Trouble> where Donghan appears? 1)IVY-Sonata of Temptation 2)DAVICHI-Stop the Time 3)Rain-Rainism 4)Pentagon-Dr. BeBe 5)BoA-Atlantis Princess
pwKOZbR30MY-00111-00018741-00018896 Answer : 2)DAVICHI-Stop the Time Daehyun : Number three, Rainism
pwKOZbR30MY-00112-00018896-00018999 Answer : 2)DAVICHI-Stop the Time
pwKOZbR30MY-00113-00018999-00019076 -Nope, Daehyun again. He tries to change the answer, recognizing that the first one was wrong.
pwKOZbR30MY-00114-00019076-00019185 -Number four. He tries to change the answer, recognizing that the first one was wrong.
pwKOZbR30MY-00115-00019185-00019308 Donghan : Hey, did you watch my program?
pwKOZbR30MY-00116-00019308-00019455 -Wow~ Nobody watched it.
pwKOZbR30MY-00117-00019455-00019502 -The song by IVY, -Wow~ Nobody watched it.
pwKOZbR30MY-00118-00019502-00019588 -The song by IVY, (Tries to answer) -Wow~ Nobody watched it.
pwKOZbR30MY-00119-00019588-00019663 Seokhwa : Sonata of Temptation.
pwKOZbR30MY-00120-00019663-00019747 -Did nobody watch it? (He's becoming sad)
pwKOZbR30MY-00121-00019747-00019849 -Wait, time. (He's becoming sad)
pwKOZbR30MY-00122-00019849-00019912 TIME!!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00123-00019912-00020007 -Did nobody watch it?!!!
pwKOZbR30MY-00124-00020007-00020055 -Yongha Yongha confidently tries.
pwKOZbR30MY-00125-00020055-00020217 -Yongha Yongha confidently tries.
pwKOZbR30MY-00126-00020217-00020297 Yongha : Number three, Rainism by Rain.
pwKOZbR30MY-00127-00020334-00020416 -Nope, nope.
pwKOZbR30MY-00128-00020416-00020491 -Seokhwa (letdown)
pwKOZbR30MY-00129-00020491-00020754 Seokhwa : Number two, Stop the Time by DAVICHI.
pwKOZbR30MY-00130-00021235-00021871 9. What did Yohan wear in M Count Down on January 13th, with the first stage of DESSERT?
pwKOZbR30MY-00131-00021871-00021966 -Daehan Answer : Black mesh top, black pants, and black shoes
pwKOZbR30MY-00132-00021966-00022039 -Junseo
pwKOZbR30MY-00133-00022039-00022152 Junseo : Black see-through clothes.
pwKOZbR30MY-00134-00022152-00022224 -No, no. Junseo : Black see-through clothes.
pwKOZbR30MY-00135-00022224-00022341 -You should answer correctly. This question requires clearer answers.
pwKOZbR30MY-00136-00022341-00022451 -More correctly? This question requires clearer answers.
pwKOZbR30MY-00137-00022451-00022543 -The onion net(?)
pwKOZbR30MY-00138-00022543-00022700 Daehyun : All-black, net clothes.
pwKOZbR30MY-00139-00022700-00022822 Daehyun : With the gray lens.
pwKOZbR30MY-00140-00022948-00023055 Donghan : You should answer the pants.
pwKOZbR30MY-00141-00023055-00023140 Donghan : And you answered the lens, too.
pwKOZbR30MY-00142-00023140-00023249 Daehyun : You need to answer the shoes, too.
pwKOZbR30MY-00143-00023249-00023460 Daehyun : He didn't dance barefoot, though.
pwKOZbR30MY-00144-00023797-00024265 10. In the episode three of OUI GO UP, which one was not chosen by Seokhwa when he visited the Malatang restaurant? 1) Kelp  2) Bokchoy  3) Dried tofu 4) Oyster mushroom  5) Corn noodles
pwKOZbR30MY-00145-00024265-00024498 Answer : 4) Oyster mushroom Yonha : Number two, bokchoy
pwKOZbR30MY-00146-00024498-00024572 -Daehyun, number one. Too ambitious
pwKOZbR30MY-00147-00024572-00024772 -Yohan, number one, meat. Too ambitious
pwKOZbR30MY-00148-00024772-00024939 Daehyun : Number one, kelp.
pwKOZbR30MY-00149-00024939-00025122 Junseo : Number four, dried tofu?
pwKOZbR30MY-00150-00025122-00025224 -Junseo, Junseo. They are saying except for the answer.
pwKOZbR30MY-00151-00025224-00025389 -Number five, corn noodles. They are saying except for the answer.
pwKOZbR30MY-00152-00025389-00025623 Daehyun : (Fundamental question) Is there anything he didn't choose..?
pwKOZbR30MY-00153-00025623-00025723 Junseo : Number four, oyster mushroom.
pwKOZbR30MY-00154-00025723-00025836 -That's right. Junseo : Number four, oyster mushroom.
pwKOZbR30MY-00155-00025836-00025933 -It was oyster mushroom. Seokhwa chose enoki mushroom and black mushroom.
pwKOZbR30MY-00156-00025933-00026136 -Yes, it was the enoki mushroom. Seokhwa chose enoki mushroom and black mushroom.
pwKOZbR30MY-00157-00026136-00026250 Donghan : Isn't there any fly mushroom (instead of the black mushroon)?
pwKOZbR30MY-00158-00026250-00026378 Why is he saying so...? Donghan : Isn't there any fly mushroom (instead of the black mushroon)?
pwKOZbR30MY-00159-00026617-00027328 11. When Yongha asked Junseo "which member do you like the most?" in an interview, how did Junseo answer?
pwKOZbR30MY-00160-00027328-00027491 Answer : I like everyone. Donghan : Answer! I like nobody.
pwKOZbR30MY-00161-00027491-00027630 Yongha : Everyone except for you.
pwKOZbR30MY-00162-00027630-00027848 Donghan : How dare could you ask like that?
pwKOZbR30MY-00163-00027848-00027993 Yongha : I like everyone, but you are the last.
pwKOZbR30MY-00164-00027993-00028164 Yohan : Answer! Everyone.
pwKOZbR30MY-00165-00028164-00028299 -Nobody except for Yongha... Yongha kept having negative answers.
pwKOZbR30MY-00166-00028299-00028429 Yongha : You usually say so.
pwKOZbR30MY-00167-00028429-00028597 Yongha : When filming, you say you like everyone.
pwKOZbR30MY-00168-00028971-00029542 12. In the latest photo uploaded in WEi official Twitter, what's the pose of the member who's on the right?
pwKOZbR30MY-00169-00029542-00029612 -Donghan Answer
pwKOZbR30MY-00170-00029740-00030009 Junseo : Yohan always poses like this.
pwKOZbR30MY-00171-00030009-00030191 -Daehyun Yongha's image about Daehyun's pose.
pwKOZbR30MY-00172-00030387-00030501 Yohan : Answer! Daehyun (pose)
pwKOZbR30MY-00173-00030501-00030626 -Why do you talk about me? Everyone is making fun of Daehyun.
pwKOZbR30MY-00174-00030626-00030806 -Why does everyone talk about me? Everyone is making fun of Daehyun.
pwKOZbR30MY-00175-00030966-00031071 -Answer! Yongha
pwKOZbR30MY-00176-00031071-00031188 -Yongha's lips look like this.
pwKOZbR30MY-00177-00031260-00031478 -Answer, Yongha Suddenly rushing
pwKOZbR30MY-00178-00031478-00031620 -Answer! Yongha
pwKOZbR30MY-00179-00031620-00031732 -Answer, Junseo.
pwKOZbR30MY-00180-00031732-00031782 -That's right. Correct answer while teasing
pwKOZbR30MY-00181-00031782-00031906 -That's right! Correct answer while teasing
pwKOZbR30MY-00182-00031906-00032017 Time for the result
pwKOZbR30MY-00183-00032017-00032263 Joint winners : Seokhwa & Yohan (3 points)
pwKOZbR30MY-00184-00032263-00032403 -Yohan did a great job, too. Joint winners : Seokhwa & Yohan (3 points)
pwKOZbR30MY-00185-00032403-00032726 Joint 2nd places : Junseo & Donghan & Daehyun (2 points)
pwKOZbR30MY-00186-00032726-00032858 The only last place : Yongha (0 point)
pwKOZbR30MY-00187-00032858-00033174 Daehyun : Let's give the penalty to the last place.
pwKOZbR30MY-00188-00033174-00033365 Penalty : A five-line poem using Marie Claire
pwKOZbR30MY-00189-00033365-00033440 -One, two, three.
pwKOZbR30MY-00190-00033440-00033509 -Ma
pwKOZbR30MY-00191-00033509-00033656 -Marie Claire
pwKOZbR30MY-00192-00033656-00033727 -Ri Ri from Marie Claire
pwKOZbR30MY-00193-00033727-00033827 Cle cle cle cle cle
pwKOZbR30MY-00194-00033827-00033911 -No, it's 'Ri' Cle cle cle cle cle
pwKOZbR30MY-00195-00034008-00034158 *Please check the cookie clip for the rest of the penalty
pwKOZbR30MY-00196-00034166-00034393 -Please look forward to the March issue of Marie Claire,
pwKOZbR30MY-00197-00034393-00034578 -and please love WEi.
pwKOZbR30MY-00198-00034578-00034635 -Shall we say goodbye? Please listen to our song, Too bad.
pwKOZbR30MY-00199-00034635-00034685 -OK. Please listen to our song, Too bad.
pwKOZbR30MY-00200-00034685-00034772 -One, two, three. Please listen to our song, Too bad.
pwKOZbR30MY-00201-00034772-00034992 -WEi, bye~~
pwKOZbR30MY-00202-00034992-00035409 Editor : Kim Sunhee Video : Lee Yoonjae • Byun Youngjoo Design : Park Soojin Hair : Jang Hae-in Styling : Jin Seonghoon Makeup : Seo Ahreum • Lee Sora
pwKOZbR30MY-00203-00035554-00035809 (Cookie clip included)
pwKOZbR30MY-00204-00035809-00036043 NEW penalty instead of the five-line poem.
pwKOZbR30MY-00205-00036043-00036465 -Please subscribe and like to Marie Claire❤ Subscribe and like to Marie Claire (Charming ver.)
pwKOZbR30MY-00206-00036465-00037166 Please watch more videos on channel Marie Claire Korea!
p_9psc5IE_Y-00000-00000003-00000717 Mom I know there are times that I drove you nuts with all the stupid stuff that
p_9psc5IE_Y-00001-00000717-00001830 I did. If it makes you feel any better you only know the half of it.
p_9psc5IE_Y-00002-00002291-00003110 Welcome to my world. We just celebrated Mother's Day and kept Captain Ruby K's
p_9psc5IE_Y-00003-00003110-00003632 birthday and it's like once a year that we have a party at our house and it's
p_9psc5IE_Y-00004-00003632-00004116 always so much fun. We've been blessed to have amazing weather every year and it
p_9psc5IE_Y-00005-00004116-00004536 just somebody thinking like Ruby's the reason I am a mom. She made me a mother.
p_9psc5IE_Y-00006-00004536-00005348 Well a little help from Mark but how much it's changed my life because I really
p_9psc5IE_Y-00007-00005348-00005814 I never thought that I would be a mother. I didn't really have that desire and
p_9psc5IE_Y-00008-00005814-00006123 some of my friends that you know what I'm talking about are some of you
p_9psc5IE_Y-00009-00006123-00006876 women can relate to that.  I'm totally grateful for it it's this fun I've
p_9psc5IE_Y-00010-00006876-00007614 learned a lot about myself patience is the first one that comes to mind. I'm
p_9psc5IE_Y-00011-00007614-00008050 gaining patient realized that I don't have much patience
p_9psc5IE_Y-00012-00008050-00008645 but it's hard. Parenting is hard. There's also a lot of rewards too but it mean it
p_9psc5IE_Y-00013-00008645-00009524 changed so much. My lifestyle, my choices, my habits. gonna trip man. I'm
p_9psc5IE_Y-00014-00009524-00009997 starting to see I was starting to see glimpses of hope. It's funny is she that
p_9psc5IE_Y-00015-00009997-00010411 Ruby girl she was ten and a half pounds and twenty-two inches long when she was
p_9psc5IE_Y-00016-00010411-00011180 born. She's a big o' baby. When I was pregnant it what seemed like forever. I
p_9psc5IE_Y-00017-00011180-00012053 a nurse her freakin ever three years. She was a love that she was a baby even
p_9psc5IE_Y-00018-00012053-00012572 like 18 months old and then the toddler stages was really hard for me and like
p_9psc5IE_Y-00019-00012572-00013045 messes. I hate messes because I don't like to clean. I don't make messes so
p_9psc5IE_Y-00020-00013045-00013638 I want to clean what was the kids. Oh God it makes me cranky
p_9psc5IE_Y-00021-00013638-00014594 It makes me absolutely crazy so and then three was hard. Four was hard. Five
p_9psc5IE_Y-00022-00014594-00015088 and a half I started seeing glimpses of hope so now she's six and I hope that we
p_9psc5IE_Y-00023-00015088-00015790 just keep progressing and learning together and working as a coherent team.
p_9psc5IE_Y-00024-00015790-00016463 It just makes you think and appreciate my mother and my grandmothers
p_9psc5IE_Y-00025-00016463-00016838 and even you know I had a really good relationship even with my great
p_9psc5IE_Y-00026-00016838-00017770 grandmother. I said it I don't stay so easy compared to the
p_9psc5IE_Y-00027-00017770-00018220 generations and mothers and my family but we have so many resources and tools
p_9psc5IE_Y-00028-00018220-00018751 and if Ruby's gone through something. I can google it to find tips to help me be
p_9psc5IE_Y-00029-00018751-00019304 a better parent or I don't know that witch I just feel like there's so many
p_9psc5IE_Y-00030-00019304-00019720 resources nowadays versus when my great-grandmother. I mean she had like
p_9psc5IE_Y-00031-00019720-00020201 five or six days my grandma had five kids my mom had three kids and I have
p_9psc5IE_Y-00032-00020201-00020614 one and how am I so stressed out just happened one child but
p_9psc5IE_Y-00033-00020614-00021702 I shouldn't say I'm so stressed out but it's hard it is hard. To all you mothers,
p_9psc5IE_Y-00034-00021702-00022183 soon-to-be mother, someday will be mothers,  to the mothers that have passed,
p_9psc5IE_Y-00035-00022183-00023088 to the working moms, to all you females,
p_9psc5IE_Y-00036-00023853-00024448 What I loved about my mom is that she is one of my very best friends and I love
p_9psc5IE_Y-00037-00024448-00024681 stealing her clothes from out of her closet.
p_9psc5IE_Y-00038-00024681-00025279 Luckily we wear the same size and she has good taste. Two little boys and they
p_9psc5IE_Y-00039-00025279-00025756 are my everything they are so active. I love it! I love
p_9psc5IE_Y-00040-00025756-00026283 doing things with them so why do I like being a mom a mom is very very
p_9psc5IE_Y-00041-00026283-00026833 challenging that has tons of up and a lots of downs too but the most rewarding
p_9psc5IE_Y-00042-00026833-00027270 part is spending time with your kids, watching them grow, watch them do those
p_9psc5IE_Y-00043-00027270-00027844 first things for the first time, watching their smiles on their face and knowing
p_9psc5IE_Y-00044-00027844-00028360 that I need them just as much as they need me. Happy Mother's Day! Happy
p_9psc5IE_Y-00045-00028360-00029050 Mother's Day! Happy Mother's Day! Happy Mother's Day! Happy Mother's Day! Happy
p_9psc5IE_Y-00046-00029050-00029599 Mother's Day! Happy Mother's Day! Happy Mother's Day! Happy Mother's Day! Happy
p_9psc5IE_Y-00047-00029599-00029847 Mother's Day!!!
p_eNS4r1PAo-00000-00000044-00000249 Hey everybody, it's Redthorn.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00001-00000249-00000666 I don't normally do this, in fact I don't ever do this.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00002-00000666-00001311 It has come to my attention while editing this latest video that you're about to see
p_eNS4r1PAo-00003-00001311-00001887 that a watermark has appeared that was never there before.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00004-00001887-00002492 Now I just found out that sometime between the last video I did, open siege video i did
p_eNS4r1PAo-00005-00002492-00003012 and this fortress siege video, the app that I normally use to do screen recording on my
p_eNS4r1PAo-00006-00003012-00003296 ipad got an update.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00007-00003296-00003657 Part of that update was the inclusion of a watermark.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00008-00003657-00004319 This was probably an effort by the company who make this app to get those of us who use
p_eNS4r1PAo-00009-00004319-00005139 the app to buy their full pro version or whatever they call it, in order to remove said watermark.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00010-00005139-00005660 Now it's partially my fault and I apologize because I should be paying more attention
p_eNS4r1PAo-00011-00005660-00006290 to these, to the details of the updates but I also feel like this is kind of an underhanded,
p_eNS4r1PAo-00012-00006290-00006589 dirty, sneaky move by the company.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00013-00006589-00007311 Especially for those who don't or may not use their app that often and might not know
p_eNS4r1PAo-00014-00007311-00007609 about these updates and what they do.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00015-00007609-00008339 I understand why they did it, I still don't agree with it, so I have to apologize to everybody
p_eNS4r1PAo-00016-00008339-00008608 about the watermark that you're going to see.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00017-00008608-00008932 Now if you're watching on a TV it's going to be obvious.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00018-00008932-00009269 If you're watching on a phone, it's not going to be that obvious.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00019-00009269-00009869 If you're watching on a tablet, you might get more into the video and wind up not seeing
p_eNS4r1PAo-00020-00009869-00010353 it until you look at it, and then you'll see it.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00021-00010353-00010930 So again, I want to apologize, I deleted the app, I've gotten a new one, I've tested it
p_eNS4r1PAo-00022-00010930-00011108 out, 5 minute test.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00023-00011108-00011301 Not a 20 or 30 minute test.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00024-00011301-00011860 But the 5 minute test there's no watermark so hopefully that one will work in the future,
p_eNS4r1PAo-00025-00011860-00012391 until that company decides to pull the same garbage as the previous one did.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00026-00012391-00012580 And only time will tell.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00027-00012580-00013096 But thank you all for watching and thanks for understanding and enjoy the video.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00028-00014197-00014480 What's up everybody, welcome back to Redthorn's Gaming.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00029-00014480-00014919 Redthorn, Lineage 2: Revolution, Fortress Siege #19.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00030-00014919-00015484 Been a few days since I've done a video, had some household things going on, I apologize
p_eNS4r1PAo-00031-00015484-00015584 for that.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00032-00015584-00015975 Hopefully we'll be able to get back into it until Monday when I get my new computer, super
p_eNS4r1PAo-00033-00015975-00016119 awesome for that.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00034-00016119-00016579 All right, Fortress Siege, here's what's going on right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00035-00016579-00016870 This is for an A Grade fortress.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00036-00016870-00017359 Now the 2 clans involved, one of them I don't think I have ever recorded them before.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00037-00017359-00017829 The other one, this is the third time in a row that I have recorded them.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00038-00017829-00018288 That is EleMental, third time I have recorded them versus DEADSOUL.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00039-00018288-00018456 Let's check out their combat power.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00040-00018456-00019062 Now funny enough, less than 5 minutes ago there was only a 1.3 or so million CP difference
p_eNS4r1PAo-00041-00019062-00019374 between the two clans.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00042-00019374-00020215 And now we are looking at a little under 2.8 million?
p_eNS4r1PAo-00043-00020215-00020923 About a 2.8 million CP difference in just 5 minutes or less.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00044-00020923-00021265 Deadsoul on top at #4, EleMental right below them at #4.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00045-00021265-00021523 Combat Power we know doesn't mean anything.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00046-00021523-00022015 This is super close for an A grade fortress I think, so this should be, hopefully, a good
p_eNS4r1PAo-00047-00022015-00022434 battle to watch.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00048-00022434-00023706 EleMental, 75 million Adena spent for the right to challenge Deadsoul for this particular
p_eNS4r1PAo-00049-00023706-00023806 fortress.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00050-00023806-00023906 Let's head into the battlefield.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00051-00023906-00024526 And as you notice, there's no bug as a spectator because about an hour before this video I
p_eNS4r1PAo-00052-00024526-00024804 deleted the game and reinstalled.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00053-00024804-00025288 And that seems the only way to get rid of that bug that I know of, right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00054-00025288-00025660 So here we have Deadsoul up here on the top in the blue.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00055-00025660-00026041 There is the leader: 2High2Care (2h2c).
p_eNS4r1PAo-00056-00026041-00026437 Wearing a Santa uniform, rocking a staff.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00057-00026437-00026537 Very interesting.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00058-00026537-00026637 A mage.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00059-00026637-00026757 Let's see what's going on down here.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00060-00026757-00027105 More of the same, interesting a mage.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00061-00027105-00027516 Let's head on down to EleMental, in the red.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00062-00027516-00027785 Looking for their leader.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00063-00027785-00028299 Right there, Xulek on what looks to be a tank.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00064-00028299-00028677 Standard class for any siege.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00065-00028677-00028826 Well for Fortress Siege at least.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00066-00028826-00029424 It's a good class to play as a leader, so you can take a beating while you're getting
p_eNS4r1PAo-00067-00029424-00029649 time on the Holy Artifact.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00068-00029649-00030250 And there is somebody that said I never stalk them, so I'm stalking now Nosylla.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00069-00030250-00030508 You are being stalked.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00070-00030508-00030812 And circled, what's up Nosylla.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00071-00030812-00031135 Now EleMental are the attackers, as always I follow the attackers.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00072-00031135-00031583 Taking a look at both clans, stack up on both sides.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00073-00031583-00031891 It looks like everybody is more or less there.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00074-00031891-00032104 I'm sure there's always one or two that are missing.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00075-00032104-00032227 Less than a minute to go.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00076-00032227-00032460 There's goes the fireworks for Valentines Day.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00077-00032460-00032922 Here we are about 4 weeks later and people still have them.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00078-00032922-00033126 That is fantastic.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00079-00033126-00033324 Shout out to Penguins.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00080-00033324-00033491 20 seconds before we begin.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00081-00033491-00033808 10 seconds before we begin.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00082-00033808-00034431 5 seconds before we begin.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00083-00034431-00034712 Aaaaaaand here we go!
p_eNS4r1PAo-00084-00034712-00035097 Fortress Siege #19: EleMental versus DEADSOUL.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00085-00035097-00035612 EleMental charging forward towards Deadsoul's non-spawn gate.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00086-00035612-00035954 There goes Galandria doing some damage to the defense tower.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00087-00035954-00036161 MrAnderson is showing up.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00088-00036161-00036578 Both taken down, here comes BloodyAwesoime.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00089-00036578-00036947 And there goes the defense tower for EleMental.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00090-00036947-00037374 Big battle going on here at the non-spawn gate of EleMental.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00091-00037374-00037659 This other defense tower is taking a beating right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00092-00037659-00038037 Halfway dead.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00093-00038037-00038274 Over halfway dead.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00094-00038274-00038644 EleMental has gotten their altar imprint and has managed to interrupt Deadsoul.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00095-00038644-00038980 But this tower here is going down.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00096-00038980-00039986 Neither team can get Deadsoul's altar imprint though EleMental is trying right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00097-00039986-00040294 Interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00098-00040294-00040716 This defense tower is almost gone, for the non-spawn gate of EleMental.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00099-00040716-00041509 Deadsoul trying for their own altar imprint now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00100-00041509-00042032 And there goes on of the defense towers of the non-spawn gate of Deadsoul.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00101-00042032-00042254 Working the other one down now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00102-00042254-00042810 Still, both teams are trying to get Deadsoul's altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00103-00042810-00043960 EleMental with a 10% advantage, in attack and defense.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00104-00043960-00044939 There goes the non-spawn gate of EleMental.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00105-00044939-00045910 And Deadsoul is already starting to attack the Holy Artifact defense tower.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00106-00045910-00046422 EleMental with one minute and forty seconds left on their 10% buff and STILL neither team
p_eNS4r1PAo-00107-00046422-00046891 able to get Deadsoul's altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00108-00046891-00047258 How is Deadsoul's...it is a little over halfway dead.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00109-00047258-00047703 Well a little over halfway alive I should say.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00110-00047703-00048266 But now it's under halfway alive.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00111-00048266-00048550 Good chunk of damage there.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00112-00048550-00049258 Xulek trying to get to it and he's stunned, knocked down, there goes BloodyAwesome, doing
p_eNS4r1PAo-00113-00049258-00049625 major damage to that defensive tower right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00114-00049625-00049858 Still doing damage, finally taken down.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00115-00049858-00050462 MrAnderson has taken down the non-spawn gate defense tower.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00116-00050462-00050653 We are now tied.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00117-00050653-00050809 Deadsoul almost have their altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00118-00050809-00051201 Are they able to get it, 2 seconds left...1 second left and they have gotten it and we
p_eNS4r1PAo-00119-00051201-00051850 are tied at 10% buff for both teams for the next 45 seconds.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00120-00051850-00052021 Big advantage for Deadsoul here.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00121-00052021-00053173 Elemental is going to have to try to get their own...and there goes the defense tower, that
p_eNS4r1PAo-00122-00053173-00053720 is the spawn gate defense tower.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00123-00053720-00054141 EleMental putting up a heck of a defense around their Holy Artifact.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00124-00054141-00054362 Deadsoul not allowing them to do much else.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00125-00054362-00054813 If you take a look at the map here, a whole heck of a lot going on right over here by
p_eNS4r1PAo-00126-00054813-00055955 the non-spawn gate of EleMental.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00127-00055955-00056601 That would be the Holy Artifact, nope that was not.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00128-00056601-00056891 There goes the spawn gate of Deadsoul, taken out by EleMental.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00129-00056891-00057566 They can now go in by both sides.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00130-00057566-00058079 EleMental still has one fully healthed or was fully healthed.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00131-00058079-00058317 Wow big damage there by NickRogue.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00132-00058317-00058813 Taking down this defense tower of the spawn gate of EleMental.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00133-00058813-00059402 Still taking it down, over halfway dead, almost dead, this tower is done.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00134-00059402-00059614 Both teams tied up again.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00135-00059614-00060013 EleMental trying to get their own altar imprint and have been interrupted with less than 2
p_eNS4r1PAo-00136-00060013-00060374 seconds left.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00137-00060374-00060474 EleMental trying again.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00138-00060474-00060823 Deadsoul, 1 minute 25 seconds left on their altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00139-00060823-00061695 EleMental, interrupted trying again.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00140-00061695-00061901 Over halfway.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00141-00061901-00062319 EleMental trying...OH interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00142-00062319-00062557 EleMental looks like they are trying to put up a wall here but they're all over the place
p_eNS4r1PAo-00143-00062557-00062775 right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00144-00062775-00063311 EleMental, trying for their altar imprint, over halfway.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00145-00063311-00063876 There goes DrRaven, trying to get it, 2 seconds left..1 second left and he got it!
p_eNS4r1PAo-00146-00063876-00064413 Great job there DrRaven, great job there EleMental for finally defending the imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00147-00064413-00064766 Deadsoul only 45 seconds left on their imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00148-00064766-00065301 EleMental can definitely take advantage of this right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00149-00065301-00066021 One of the Holy Artifact defense towers of EleMental has been taken out.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00150-00066021-00066534 We are tied almost at the neck.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00151-00066534-00066908 Deadsoul still has both Holy Artifact defense towers though.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00152-00066908-00067758 20 seconds left on Deadsoul's altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00153-00067758-00067958 Not seeing a whole heck of a lot going on down there.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00154-00067958-00068755 EleMental putting up a heck of defense here at their non-spawn gate.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00155-00068755-00069176 And Deadsoul's altar imprint is ready to be imprinted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00156-00069176-00069394 And there goes EleMental trying to get it themselves.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00157-00069394-00070205 And there is a whole lot of red right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00158-00070205-00070480 EleMental has gotten a couple of..tenths of a second.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00159-00070480-00070967 EleMental almost has... and they have gotten 30% buff for the next 1 minute and 47 seconds.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00160-00070967-00071474 Let's see if they'll take advantage of this right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00161-00071474-00072474 They are met by a wall of blue.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00162-00072474-00072715 Blue team got a few tenths of a second there.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00163-00072715-00072941 This Holy Artifact defense tower is going down.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00164-00072941-00073547 It is gone, this other one is almost halfway dead.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00165-00073547-00075036 Both sides are imprinting the other oppositions Holy Artifact right now. and there goes the
p_eNS4r1PAo-00166-00075036-00075548 Holy Artifact defense tower of Deadsoul, the final one is gone.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00167-00075548-00075777 This is now wide open.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00168-00075777-00076289 But do we have going on down here?
p_eNS4r1PAo-00169-00076289-00077403 We have Deadsoul down here, there's 2h2c.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00170-00077403-00077624 We could be virtually tied at this point.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00171-00077624-00077920 I think blue team might have a little bit more.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00172-00077920-00078330 But that could very quickly change.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00173-00078330-00080191 There's 2h2c, the leader of Deadsoul, dead, not gemming at this point.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00174-00080191-00080464 EleMental having a hard time, there's a lot of blue over here, EleMental having a hard
p_eNS4r1PAo-00175-00080464-00081017 time to try to get into Deadsoul's non-spawn gate.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00176-00081017-00082137 I wonder how many of them are aware that the spawn gate of Deadsoul is also out.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00177-00082137-00082717 And EleMental's altar imprint is ready to be imprinted and Deadsoul is not having it.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00178-00082717-00083813 He was up there, looks like almost by himself, EleMental is finally trying to take their
p_eNS4r1PAo-00179-00083813-00084058 own altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00180-00084058-00084468 That is Backslash29.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00181-00084468-00085125 Has about 2 seconds left, 1 second and they have gotten it.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00182-00085125-00085895 35 seconds of a 30% buff.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00183-00085895-00087670 This is back and forth with the Holy Artifact imprint time.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00184-00087670-00087993 It is all over the place ladies and gentlemen, I'm not gonna lie to you.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00185-00087993-00088604 I couldn't even begin to guess who is ahead right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00186-00088604-00089207 Deadsoul's altar imprint available for imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00187-00089207-00089409 First Deadsoul tried to take it, interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00188-00089409-00089674 EleMental tried to take it, they are interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00189-00089674-00089827 EleMental trying again, interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00190-00089827-00089974 EleMental trying again.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00191-00089974-00090339 2h2c is here but he is killed.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00192-00090339-00091126 EleMental interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00193-00091126-00091588 EleMental's leader is all up there, it looks like by themselves, just getting tenths of
p_eNS4r1PAo-00194-00091588-00092243 a second, tenths of a second it will add up.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00195-00092243-00092735 Big Meteor Shower right there taking em down.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00196-00092735-00093226 Here comes 2h2c and he started and got interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00197-00093226-00093588 Man if he even got a 10th of a second I'll be shocked.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00198-00093588-00094163 A very quick defense by EleMental, Deadsoul trying to get their altar imprint right now,
p_eNS4r1PAo-00199-00094163-00094311 interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00200-00094311-00095613 Xulek is trying, Xulek is trying, he's dying, he's trying trying.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00201-00095613-00096104 Both team unable to get Deadsoul's altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00202-00096104-00096736 EleMental with a minute and 5 seconds left on their own altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00203-00096736-00097086 Deadsoul trying to get their own altar imprint right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00204-00097086-00098238 Xulek is taking a leisurely rest.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00205-00098238-00098494 Defense does not seem to be the name of the game right here.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00206-00098494-00098856 Or there may be just too many people.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00207-00098856-00099479 Deadsoul have finally gotten their altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00208-00099479-00099908 EleMental 35 seconds left on their own altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00209-00099908-00100580 And Xulek got it down to 10 seconds, that is a huge chunk of time for EleMental right
p_eNS4r1PAo-00210-00100580-00100680 now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00211-00100680-00101519 19 minutes left in this battle though, anything could happen.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00212-00101519-00102138 OH!
p_eNS4r1PAo-00213-00102138-00102368 Xulek got it down to 5 seconds.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00214-00102368-00102788 Boy that is another 15 seconds of Holy Artifact imprint time.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00215-00102788-00103464 EleMental has a huge amount of time in terms of the tiebreaker.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00216-00103464-00103702 EleMental's altar imprint available.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00217-00103702-00103853 Looks like Deadoul's trying to get it.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00218-00103853-00104474 That's not good for EleMental, they don't need Deadsoul getting that right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00219-00104474-00105110 EleMental trying to get their own, interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00220-00105110-00105210 Trying again...interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00221-00105210-00105574 Trying again, interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00222-00105574-00106129 Deadsoul's not having it.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00223-00106129-00106708 But Deadsoul has less than a minute and 45 seconds before they have to go back on their
p_eNS4r1PAo-00224-00106708-00107085 own and get their own altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00225-00107085-00107689 It looks like all that back and forth of Holy Artifact imprint is on hold right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00226-00107689-00108113 Looks like Deadsoul about to get the 30% buff.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00227-00108113-00108764 2 seconds, 1 second and they have gotten 30% buff for the next minute and 21 seconds.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00228-00108764-00108864 Great job by Deadsoul.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00229-00108864-00109132 Let's see how they're going to do this now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00230-00109132-00109458 Likely they're gonna come down here.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00231-00109458-00109779 And EleMental has a lot of time.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00232-00109779-00110158 I would say at this point, 17 minutes and 25 seconds I think EleMental probably has
p_eNS4r1PAo-00233-00110158-00111291 a good 25 to 30 seconds, or even more now, in Holy Artifact imprint time against Deadsoul's
p_eNS4r1PAo-00234-00111291-00111733 however many that they have.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00235-00111733-00112345 They are at least 25-30 seconds ahead, EleMental of Deadsoul.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00236-00112345-00112710 But here comes Deadsoul with a 30% buff for the next 40 seconds.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00237-00112710-00113238 They are definitely going to try to make up some of that time.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00238-00113238-00114228 But EleMental, good defense by EleMental right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00239-00114228-00114365 Lot of Blue, EleMental didn't care.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00240-00114365-00114683 Here comes some more Deadsoul.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00241-00114683-00115288 And there is Deadsoul's leader.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00242-00115288-00115973 Stunned, trying to get there and he...unable to do so, stunned and he has started, he's
p_eNS4r1PAo-00243-00115973-00116449 got the pvp invincibility on.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00244-00116449-00117087 He must have gotten a few seconds there.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00245-00117087-00117472 Deadsoul's altar imprint available.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00246-00117472-00117660 Both teams tried to get it, both team interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00247-00117660-00117969 Deadsoul trying again, interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00248-00117969-00118473 A minute 20 seconds left on EleMental's altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00249-00118473-00119096 Less than 16 minutes left in this battle, almost halfway there.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00250-00119096-00120042 Deadsoul with 800..900 and counting kills versus EleMental's 653 and counting.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00251-00120042-00121484 EleMental doing a great job right now, I believe they are winning at this point via the tiebreaker.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00252-00121484-00122159 Neither team able to get...looks like Deadsoul pulled back to try to get their altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00253-00122159-00122633 Lot of battling going on right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00254-00122633-00123099 Deadsoul about 2 seconds away, 1 second and they have gotten their altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00255-00123099-00123933 30% buff for the next 30 seconds.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00256-00123933-00124537 EleMental...preparing to get their own altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00257-00124537-00125108 Let's see if they can do so.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00258-00125108-00125692 Still ahead, I believe in Holy Artifact Imprint time for the tiebreaker.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00259-00125692-00126050 5 seconds before the insanity around EleMental's altar begins.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00260-00126050-00126450 All right, let's see what happens.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00261-00126450-00126672 Lot of blue up here.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00262-00126672-00126928 Deadsoul, trying to take it.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00263-00126928-00127342 I see very little red but Deadsoul was interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00264-00127342-00127639 Here comes some of the red.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00265-00127639-00128175 Deadsoul, unable to get it.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00266-00128175-00128741 There goes wishie from Deadsoul, interrupted and killed.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00267-00128741-00129319 Deadsoul with 2 minutes left on their 10% buff.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00268-00129319-00130063 And it looks like Xulek tried to, but was unable to get it.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00269-00130063-00130359 EleMental, trying to get that 10% buff right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00270-00130359-00131101 Looks like Ybai has it, are they gonna be able to hold him.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00271-00131101-00131686 Ybai, trying, 2 seconds left OH!
p_eNS4r1PAo-00272-00131686-00131883 Unable to do so.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00273-00131883-00132176 Good interruption by Deadsoul.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00274-00132176-00132757 This is a great battle ladies and gentlemen.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00275-00132757-00133250 Very exciting.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00276-00133250-00134309 2h2c eating up that time, that time difference right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00277-00134309-00134704 He's been killed but he must have gotten a good 5 seconds or so at this point.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00278-00134704-00135172 I don't know, let's see.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00279-00135172-00136129 with 13 minutes and 12 seconds left I would say EleMental is ahead by 15-20 seconds now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00280-00136129-00136579 EleMental doing a great job of preventing Deadsoul from getting that 30% buff.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00281-00136579-00137072 Deadsoul now has 40 seconds left on their 10% buff then they're going to have to pull
p_eNS4r1PAo-00282-00137072-00137272 some of their people back.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00283-00137272-00137814 But here comes 2h2c again.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00284-00137814-00138946 Deadsoul managed to get EleMental's altar imprint with 25 seconds left on their own.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00285-00138946-00139528 We still have a lot of time left in this battle, ladies and gentlemen.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00286-00139528-00140302 10 seconds left on Deadsoul's altar imprint.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00287-00140302-00141346 And Deadsoul's altar imprint is ready.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00288-00141346-00141712 Someone it looks like Deadsoul is trying to get it, will EleMental be able to interrupt
p_eNS4r1PAo-00289-00141712-00141835 them in time.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00290-00141835-00142412 They do not need, at this point, Deadsoul to have a 30% buff again but it looks like
p_eNS4r1PAo-00291-00142412-00142957 they have gotten it for the next 2 minutes and 10 seconds, that is going to be a little
p_eNS4r1PAo-00292-00142957-00143248 devastating if not a lot to EleMental.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00293-00143248-00143921 Head back down to EleMental's Holy Artifact where the battle is no doubt going to rage.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00294-00143921-00145338 Here comes Deadsoul with that 30% buff, they are coming in force.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00295-00145338-00145945 Coming in force, coming in force.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00296-00145945-00146817 1184 kills and counting for Deadsoul versus EleMental's 817.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00297-00146817-00147849 Deadsoul doing a great job of beating down EleMental, but EleMental is still winning
p_eNS4r1PAo-00298-00147849-00148148 in this battle I believe right now.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00299-00148148-00148994 With 11 minutes left.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00300-00148994-00149651 There's a lot of blue hanging around EleMental's Holy Artifact but there is no leader for Deadsoul.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00301-00149651-00150153 I'm sure he or she is on their way.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00302-00150153-00150698 EleMental trying to get, look their at 15 seconds, wow they got a good chunk of time
p_eNS4r1PAo-00303-00150698-00151484 there but there's 2h2c, he's about to come back.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00304-00151484-00151790 He's all alone, he's unopposed, there's no red here.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00305-00151790-00152054 It looks like Deadsoul is about to win this battle.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00306-00152054-00152352 5 seconds left before Deadsoul successfully defends.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00307-00152352-00152701 2 seconds left aaannnd they..interrupted.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00308-00152701-00152826 WOW.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00309-00152826-00152926 What happened there?
p_eNS4r1PAo-00310-00152926-00153379 He got interrupted and he's trying to do it again but they definitely caught up to EleMental
p_eNS4r1PAo-00311-00153379-00153512 at this point.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00312-00153512-00153761 15 seconds left.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00313-00153761-00154280 At this point, even if he gets interrupted, they are definitely ahead.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00314-00154280-00154967 However, 5 seconds before Deadsoul wins this battle.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00315-00154967-00155432 And congratulations for successfully defending their A grade Fortress Deadsoul.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00316-00155432-00155532 Great job.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00317-00155532-00156346 The #1 person was Penguins, the person I shouted out to in the beginning, from EleMental.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00318-00156346-00156885 And then the 2nd and 3rd are from Deadsoul with the 4th being from EleMental and the
p_eNS4r1PAo-00319-00156885-00157032 5th being from Deadsoul.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00320-00157032-00157284 Here are your stats.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00321-00157284-00157890 What a fantastic battle but it looked like EleMental could not get the 30% buff all but
p_eNS4r1PAo-00322-00157890-00158092 one time they got it.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00323-00158092-00158215 And that was all she wrote.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00324-00158215-00158866 It is devastating, especially near the end where that respawn timer...if you're willing
p_eNS4r1PAo-00325-00158866-00159484 to use red gems, that's really going to work against you, as you sit for 25-30 seconds,
p_eNS4r1PAo-00326-00159484-00160246 a lot can happen in 5 seconds, much less 25-30 seconds that you have to sit there and wait.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00327-00160246-00160976 And that is the end of Deadsoul and that is the end of EleMental.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00328-00160976-00161308 Ladies and gentlemen, great battle.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00329-00161308-00161750 Good try Elemental, you definitely gave them what for, you almost had it a few times, it
p_eNS4r1PAo-00330-00161750-00161915 wasn't meant to be unfortunately.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00331-00161915-00162288 Congratulations to Deadsoul for successfully defending.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00332-00162288-00162612 Ladies and gentlemen....phew.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00333-00162612-00163186 It's been awhile my voice is a little shot right now and this is what happens when you
p_eNS4r1PAo-00334-00163186-00163373 don't do a video for like 4 days.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00335-00163373-00163473 You forget everything.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00336-00163473-00163873 Hit subscribe if you haven't, it's free to do so.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00337-00163874-00164137 And come hang out with me on Facebook and Twitter.
p_eNS4r1PAo-00338-00164137-00164548 Thanks so much for watching and I will see you...again.
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pGuszVZT7qk-00000-00001032-00001623 hey inquiring minds be sure to be watching my channel this coming wednesday september 8th
pGuszVZT7qk-00001-00001623-00002352 as i'll be posting an extra special pen review of this new just announced lamy safari
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pLgDKoDoAs8-00000-00000557-00000757 What’s your experience with alcohol and driving?
pLgDKoDoAs8-00001-00000757-00001357 I’m against Drunk driving, so I never drink.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00002-00001357-00001857 My experience…I don’t drink alcohol, but all my friends usually drink and drive. 
pLgDKoDoAs8-00003-00001957-00002257 So my opinion is not to drinking alcohol while driving.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00004-00002357-00002557 I drink and drive, and it’s okay to me.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00005-00002657-00003457 Good day im ex student of this school im against Drunk driving,
pLgDKoDoAs8-00006-00003457-00003957 we need to take care not just about ourselves but also about other people while Drunk driving.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00007-00005257-00005957 One more drink! No, no Figaroooo. 
pLgDKoDoAs8-00008-00006257-00006556 Hey guys! I remembered.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00009-00006556-00006756 Oh my god! What have you remember so drunk.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00010-00006756-00007056 I’m not drunk. I am just tipsy.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00011-00007056-00007356 Mate you are tipsy every day, and now, you have crossed all limits. You are smashed.… 
pLgDKoDoAs8-00012-00007356-00007556 I do not know how I’m going to put you in the car.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00013-00007556-00007756 And you think that you are better.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00014-00007756-00007956 Yeah, but I am also prettier.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00015-00008056-00008957 Yo’, let’s compete who can stand on one leg and to hold his nose. I’m smashed.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00016-00008957-00009357 People I’m tired of you. I can’t watch you. You are all drunk as… 
pLgDKoDoAs8-00017-00009357-00009557 You are spoiling the fun, let’s go dance, for a minute. 19 00:01.35,570 --> 00:01:38,570 No, no, no… Dude come here. 
pLgDKoDoAs8-00018-00010057-00010357 Maja is accusing us that we are drunk. Are you drunk?
pLgDKoDoAs8-00019-00010357-00010557 Like a boss!
pLgDKoDoAs8-00020-00010557-00010657 And you Sale?
pLgDKoDoAs8-00021-00010657-00010857 Me! Nope.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00022-00010957-00011457 Me neither. I can stand on one leg and hold by my nose.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00023-00011457-00011857 Hey! Listen to this s**t. Sale stop singing.  I want to stand on one leg!
pLgDKoDoAs8-00024-00011857-00012200 Heyy I’m holding my nose!
pLgDKoDoAs8-00025-00012457-00012557 EUREKA People!
pLgDKoDoAs8-00026-00012557-00012657 Let’s hear?
pLgDKoDoAs8-00027-00012757-00013257 After this let’s go to the nearest bar.  What are you saying mates?
pLgDKoDoAs8-00028-00013257-00013657 That’s a good idea. We will take a cab, and photo ourselves at the Dunav’s Bank.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00029-00013657-00013857 Just don’t fall down.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00030-00013857-00014057 Later when we are clear, we will go to the Bar-raft.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00031-00014157-00014457 What cab dear? You are crazy. Who brought you here?
pLgDKoDoAs8-00032-00014557-00014757 You, my love, you.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00033-00014857-00015057 And now what?  So you are thinking that some cab driver is driving you home, not me?!
pLgDKoDoAs8-00034-00015057-00015157 You are crazyyy!
pLgDKoDoAs8-00035-00015157-00015257 Partybreaker.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00036-00015357-00015857 This is really heavy for me, we can’t go with a car.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00037-00015857-00016257 I’m not DRUNK! My love, don’t you belive in me.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00038-00016357-00016557 You are bringing me to a uncomfortable situation.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00039-00016557-00016857 Mates, lights are on, this place sucks. Let’s go.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00040-00017057-00017357 I’m not going. I will go home and I will take a cab.
pLgDKoDoAs8-00041-00017457-00017857 Don’t be mad I love you very much, but the crew and the party…
pLNGFHttwp4-00000-00000703-00000803 In the name of Allah the most beneficent the most merciful
pLNGFHttwp4-00001-00000803-00001003 Peace be upon you, 
pLNGFHttwp4-00002-00001003-00001603 and welcome to this live stream where we will discuss coronavirus related events in India.
pLNGFHttwp4-00003-00001703-00002602 India is currently struggling with a crisis, a severe crisis, there are around 350,000 daily cases, 
pLNGFHttwp4-00004-00002602-00003002 and it’s running out of wood to cremate the dead. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00005-00003002-00003302 Right now the bodies are being cremated in the streets. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00006-00003302-00003602 There's a huge problem. The wealthy are fleeing the country.
pLNGFHttwp4-00007-00003602-00003902 I will share with you some of the headlines:
pLNGFHttwp4-00008-00003902-00004802 “Corona - India continues to break records for daily cases and Britain plans to purchase millions of doses of the Pfizer vaccine”
pLNGFHttwp4-00009-00004802-00005202 “Indian crematoriums under pressure due to rising coronavirus death toll”
pLNGFHttwp4-00010-00005202-00005602 These pictures are from India, shocking!
pLNGFHttwp4-00011-00005602-00006302 CNN: “Coronavirus devastates India, the dead are being cremated in parking lots as wood runs out”
pLNGFHttwp4-00012-00006302-00007002 Also, “Coronavirus in India - record daily cases and a corridor to air lift oxygen to India ”    
pLNGFHttwp4-00013-00007002-00007601 Of course there's no health care right now in India, or hospitals, or anything, the country is completely devastated. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00014-00007601-00008301 India is in complete chaos because of this second wave of the coronavirus. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00015-00008301-00008576 Also here's this horrifying photo that has been shared widely.
pLNGFHttwp4-00016-00008576-00009034 It's a photo that was published by Reuters of the cremations.
pLNGFHttwp4-00017-00009034-00009684 “India – Corona swallowing cities and the difficult search for burial grounds”
pLNGFHttwp4-00018-00009684-00010034 They're looking for grounds to bury the dead but they can't find any.
pLNGFHttwp4-00019-00010034-00010201 This is happening in India right now. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00020-00010201-00011101 This is not a lie, this is a fact documented by cameras and the international media, and there have been medical teams from around the world sent to aid India. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00021-00011101-00011801 Forget all the talk about India being a powerful country, and a nuclear power; there’s a major pandemic in India right now. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00022-00011801-00012301 Also, “India’s wealthy flee after the spread of the virus in the country”
pLNGFHttwp4-00023-00012301-00012900 Very well, why am I commenting on this and why did I write in the title of the video that Muslims did not spread the coronavirus?
pLNGFHttwp4-00024-00012900-00013954 I believe the media is reporting the increase in deaths, the lack of wood, and other issues, 
pLNGFHttwp4-00025-00013954-00014400 but as a Muslim who is concerned with defending our Muslim brothers in India, 
pLNGFHttwp4-00026-00014400-00014853 I don't believe that any media outlet has spoken about the issue 
pLNGFHttwp4-00027-00014853-00015633 of the Indian government inciting hatred against Muslims last year and accusing them of spreading the coronavirus.
pLNGFHttwp4-00028-00015633-00015800 Of course you're probably wondering where I'm getting that from. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00029-00015800-00016526 Maybe you haven't heard about this issue despite it leading to the killing of hundreds of Muslims, and possibly thousands. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00030-00016526-00017003 Because of the incitement against them and the accusations that they were spreading the coronavirus.
pLNGFHttwp4-00031-00017003-00017303 They (Hindus) were preventing Muslims from entering hospitals. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00032-00017303-00017969 At Indian hospitals if an infected person arrived they would ask him are you a Muslim or are you Hindu?
pLNGFHttwp4-00033-00017969-00018569 These aren't my words. God willing I will leave all of the links for you in the first comment below the video. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00034-00018569-00019369 For example, this is an official in the Hindu extremist government of India inciting hatred against Muslims. What does he say?
pLNGFHttwp4-00035-00019369-00019869 “Muslim merchants are spitting on the vegetables.”
pLNGFHttwp4-00036-00019869-00020302 “They are covering them with saliva and then selling them.”
pLNGFHttwp4-00037-00020302-00021302 This individual is a member of the ruling party in India and he is openly inciting hatred against Muslims, and the result was the beating and the killing of Muslims.
pLNGFHttwp4-00038-00021302-00022002 Do you see what he is saying? 
pLNGFHttwp4-00039-00022135-00022592 They took advantage of this crisis to cause harm to the Muslims and they were saying, 
pLNGFHttwp4-00040-00022595-00023328 “Do not buy from them”, “Do not buy from the Muslims”. This was published on May 10th, 2020.
pLNGFHttwp4-00041-00023328-00023925 I know that many of you are watching to find out what's happening in India. What's happening in India is a tragedy! 
pLNGFHttwp4-00042-00023925-00024655 But we have to affirm to everyone that this group (Hindu extremists), whenever they accuse Muslims of something, it backfires on them.
pLNGFHttwp4-00043-00024655-00024955 See, he is inciting hatred against Muslims, and urging people not to buy from them, 
pLNGFHttwp4-00044-00024955-00025655 and now they are beating the Muslims as you can see right here, and the honor of Muslims was also violated.
pLNGFHttwp4-00045-00025655-00026288 Also, “After they were accused by the government of spreading coronavirus, Muslims face attacks in India”
pLNGFHttwp4-00046-00026288-00026831 This was published on Alhurra’s website on April 13th, 2020.
pLNGFHttwp4-00047-00026831-00027331 Also, “India - Muslims again facing the stigma of being accused of spreading coronavirus” 
pLNGFHttwp4-00048-00027331-00028201 Pay attention, this is really important for the purpose of documentation in this episode that is completely different from the media coverage of the coronavirus.
pLNGFHttwp4-00049-00028201-00028794 And now I'm going to present to you a huge surprise. Who is responsible for spreading the coronavirus now in India?
pLNGFHttwp4-00050-00028794-00029400 Prime minister of India, this extremist Hindu. God willing he will be ousted, by the way. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00051-00029400-00030200 He will ousted because of this pandemic. I don't think he will stay in power. I'm only saying that this is a likely outcome. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00052-00030200-00030700 This individual, what did he say? And pay attention to the dates. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00053-00030700-00031423 In March he said that India was in the coronavirus’ “endgame”. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00054-00031423-00031980 In March. Which is what? About a month and a half or two months ago.
pLNGFHttwp4-00055-00031980-00032580 He said that India was in the coronavirus’ endgame and that they were an exception. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00056-00032580-00033380 Why does he say this? Listen, please stay with me. Why did he say this? 
pLNGFHttwp4-00057-00033380-00033973 He said this so that Hindus could celebrate the Holi festival. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00058-00033973-00035179 This is a festival that is sacred for Hindus and takes place in February through the beginning of March.
pLNGFHttwp4-00059-00035179-00036102 And so this individual came out and said that the coronavirus pandemic was over in India in March so they could celebrate this festival.
pLNGFHttwp4-00060-00036102-00036422 So what happened? Maybe you’re thinking they didn't celebrate it? No.
pLNGFHttwp4-00061-00036422-00036769 “Hindus ignore corona to celebrate Holi”
pLNGFHttwp4-00062-00036769-00037269 And when was this? It was on March 24th, 2021.
pLNGFHttwp4-00063-00037269-00037669 Pay attention to the dates so you will see how they falsely accused the Muslims last year.
pLNGFHttwp4-00064-00037669-00038169 The Indian prime minister said that coronavirus ended in the beginning of March, and around March 24th, 2021 all of these celebrations are taking place in the streets of India. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00065-00038169-00038802 and around March 24th, 2021 all of these celebrations are taking place in the streets of India. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00066-00038802-00039285 The Hindus are celebrating their religious holiday. Amazing!
pLNGFHttwp4-00067-00039285-00039942 Accusations against Muslims, and now they have caused the biggest pandemic in the history of the coronavirus. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00068-00039942-00040042 As you can see here, 
pLNGFHttwp4-00069-00040042-00040342 no masks, no social distancing. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00070-00040342-00040702 because, of course, they claimed that the pandemic was over in India.
pLNGFHttwp4-00071-00040702-00041301 So what happened my brothers and sisters? They celebrated this festival, and another one.
pLNGFHttwp4-00072-00041301-00042001 This other festival which brought together millions of people is called Kumbha Mela. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00073-00042001-00043068 This is a festival in India, and they believe that there is a holy river and so on. I will leave all the links below.
pLNGFHttwp4-00074-00043068-00043651 Also we have a video. If you want to see a video, I will play one for you. Look. Look.
pLNGFHttwp4-00075-00043651-00043901 Look at the sheer number of people! 
pLNGFHttwp4-00076-00043901-00044101 Look at how many people there are! 
pLNGFHttwp4-00077-00044701-00045007 They’re celebrating, without social distancing.
pLNGFHttwp4-00078-00045007-00045701 So what happened? And this is happening around March 23rd, 2021. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00079-00045701-00045801 Pay attention to the dates.
pLNGFHttwp4-00080-00045801-00046644 As we speak, there are 350,000 new daily cases of coronavirus in India.
pLNGFHttwp4-00081-00046644-00047430 As we speak, there are cremation pyres and there's a lack of a burial grounds.
pLNGFHttwp4-00082-00047430-00048530 As we speak, they cannot find burial grounds for the dead and they've run out of wood for their cremation pyres, as you can see.
pLNGFHttwp4-00083-00048700-00049100 “Coronavirus in India – record daily coronavirus cases and a corridor to air lift oxygen to India ”
pLNGFHttwp4-00084-00049100-00049367 This is what's happening in India right now.
pLNGFHttwp4-00085-00049447-00049666 These photos are from India right now.
pLNGFHttwp4-00086-00049666-00050000 So who caused the spread of coronavirus in India?
pLNGFHttwp4-00087-00050000-00050200 I'm posing this question to those of you in the chat right now.
pLNGFHttwp4-00088-00050200-00050666 By Allah, I ask you: Who is responsible for the spread of coronavirus?
pLNGFHttwp4-00089-00050666-00051276 This liar who came out and said that Muslims were distributing vegetables that were infected with coronavirus 
pLNGFHttwp4-00090-00051276-00051603 and that people shouldn't buy from them, and who incited hate against Muslims 
pLNGFHttwp4-00091-00051603-00052133 which led to Muslims being attacked as they begged for their lives! 
pLNGFHttwp4-00092-00052133-00052803 Now you know for certain that what caused the spread of the coronavirus is the superstitions (festivals) of the Hindus.
pLNGFHttwp4-00093-00052803-00053402 The media will not discuss this, and I don't just mean the Arabic media, I mean the international media will not talk about this. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00094-00053402-00054202 I'm probably the only one that's talking about it and linking it with the issue of the false accusations that were made against Muslims last year.
pLNGFHttwp4-00095-00054202-00054735 Those responsible for spreading the coronavirus in India are the Hindu extremists. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00096-00054735-00055449 The individual responsible for this pandemic and the thousands of daily deaths is this Hindu extremist.
pLNGFHttwp4-00097-00055449-00055802 That, in a nutshell, is what I wanted to share with you in this video.
pLNGFHttwp4-00098-00055802-00056302 Glory be to Thee o Allah, and to Thee be all praise.  I bear witness that there is no God but Thou, I ask Thy pardon and I return to Thee in repentance.
pLNGFHttwp4-00099-00056302-00056602 Peace be upon you
pLNGFHttwp4-00100-00056902-00057068 Thank you for watching. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00101-00057068-00057402 Please subscribe and click on the notification bell. 
pLNGFHttwp4-00102-00057502-00058135 Shuoun Islamiya (Muslims Affairs) – Supporting the Ummah’s causes 
pLbHOJwkfBu-00000-00002623-00002753 Yoga all the way
pLbHOJwkfBu-00001-00002753-00002785 Body work outs
pMEhE_TlKRc-00000-00000008-00000696 release 3.10 and we had hoped to be able to release it before the conference but there are
pMEhE_TlKRc-00001-00000696-00001432 some hiccups so it will be released in the upcoming hopefully days it might be a week or two
pMEhE_TlKRc-00002-00001536-00002552 we introduced support for lti 1.3 um and we already supported lti 1.1 in the past in in
pMEhE_TlKRc-00003-00002656-00003720 that started in 3.8 which is now already two years old but the biggest issue we we had is that um how
pMEhE_TlKRc-00004-00003720-00004568 we implemented that is that each learning object so perhaps a a a short introduction
pMEhE_TlKRc-00005-00004648-00005328 uh to xerte for all of you that do not know what xerte is xerte is a content authoring tool
pMEhE_TlKRc-00006-00005384-00006352 especially geared for um multimedia rich e-learning materials um and so with xerte you can
pMEhE_TlKRc-00007-00006352-00007280 make e-learning modules and the way we implemented lti 1.1 is that each module became its own
pMEhE_TlKRc-00008-00007280-00008176 lti tool which works quite well if you have all the rights in in an lms and in an admin
pMEhE_TlKRc-00009-00008264-00009048 but normally as a teacher you do not have all the rights so you would have to ask your ict
pMEhE_TlKRc-00010-00009048-00009784 or your it department to enable each and every learning object that you wanted to use in lms
pMEhE_TlKRc-00011-00009872-00010680 so we changed that um how we now have uh uh also because of lti 1.3 that is a bit logical to do
pMEhE_TlKRc-00012-00010680-00011568 it that way so we can now have a global lti key set up once by an admin and then teachers
pMEhE_TlKRc-00013-00011568-00012176 can use all the learning objects and and give access to all the learning objects that they
pMEhE_TlKRc-00014-00012176-00013000 want to so as a teacher you still need to enable a learning object so you can prevent
pMEhE_TlKRc-00015-00013160-00013704 your learning object from being used as an lti tool even though the global key is set
pMEhE_TlKRc-00016-00013704-00014263 up but once you're satisfied that the learning object is finished you can give that access and
pMEhE_TlKRc-00017-00014576-00015519 and use the tool in in the lms that supports lti um we have a standard xerte dashboard the standard
pMEhE_TlKRc-00018-00015519-00016288 xerte dashboard was in incorporated in the xerte environment itself and what we wanted to do
pMEhE_TlKRc-00019-00016384-00016992 which is very cumbersome if you want to give access to the student to the dashboard because
pMEhE_TlKRc-00020-00016992-00017632 then all of a sudden the student needed to have login rights to the xerte system and that was not
pMEhE_TlKRc-00021-00017632-00018464 the intended purpose so new in xerte 3.10 is also to be able to to use the xerte dashboard as an lti tool
pMEhE_TlKRc-00022-00018544-00018952 which is what i will show as well and i will show you future plans
pMEhE_TlKRc-00023-00019200-00019936 so why use lti so once it's set up it's a quick way to embed xerte lo into an lms in
pMEhE_TlKRc-00024-00019936-00020472 such a way that it's also very maintainable so if you have a typo or you want to change
pMEhE_TlKRc-00025-00020472-00021192 some uh phrasing of a question because it turns out to be ambiguous you can go into the xerte
pMEhE_TlKRc-00026-00021192-00022080 environment and fix fix the error fix the or improve the text and it's immediately deployed
pMEhE_TlKRc-00027-00022288-00022816 it's also used as a very efficiently you can also use it very efficiently as an access
pMEhE_TlKRc-00028-00022816-00023824 control mechanism which is also very fortunate because previously we had the possibility to
pMEhE_TlKRc-00029-00023824-00024696 use an http referrer so you could indicate that only specific referrers could access
pMEhE_TlKRc-00030-00024696-00025520 a learning module but it turns out that more and more lmss amongst blackboard amongst them
pMEhE_TlKRc-00031-00025608-00026416 do not send the http referrer anymore so that whole mechanism doesn't work anymore but now
pMEhE_TlKRc-00032-00026416-00027216 you can replace that with lti without the need to place the learning object publicly on the internet
pMEhE_TlKRc-00033-00027536-00028416 what we do why we use lti specifically in combination with dashboards is that um as a
pMEhE_TlKRc-00034-00028416-00029095 student you do not log in in the xerte system the xerte system is really an authoring system uh you
pMEhE_TlKRc-00035-00029095-00029744 can set up a single sign-on so so you could enable students to log in but that's not not the main
pMEhE_TlKRc-00036-00029744-00030720 purpose of xerte so if a learner starts a learning object you want to know which learner that is
pMEhE_TlKRc-00037-00030808-00031608 because we want to be able to track x api events uh if the if your institution has an lrs we want
pMEhE_TlKRc-00038-00031608-00032512 to enable x api and we want to know who is using the the learning object to be able to identify the
pMEhE_TlKRc-00039-00032512-00033320 learner for the x api tracking that's one reason the other reason is when we deploy or when we
pMEhE_TlKRc-00040-00033536-00033992 show the dashboard and the dashboard is related to a group
pMEhE_TlKRc-00041-00034056-00034824 we want to know which students are part of that group so we can filter all the lrs x api
pMEhE_TlKRc-00042-00034904-00035728 events to that specific group so we will only show data of that specific group and not other data
pMEhE_TlKRc-00043-00035728-00036360 not data of other groups other people that have nothing to do with that group so it's a kind of a
pMEhE_TlKRc-00044-00036464-00037232 a neat authentication mechanism and we use the lti 1.3 advantage names and rules provisioning servers
pMEhE_TlKRc-00045-00037232-00038136 for that and last but not least we can use lti to write back the results to the great book of
pMEhE_TlKRc-00046-00038136-00038936 the lms if the lms is set up to support that in the future we want to take advantage of the
pMEhE_TlKRc-00047-00039016-00039728 new possibilities of lti 1.3 but that's for next release and to have much a much better
pMEhE_TlKRc-00048-00039728-00040288 integration with the gradebook so it's very rude rudimentary at the moment but it does work
pMEhE_TlKRc-00049-00040656-00041776 so how uh do we set up uh uh lti and and um and lms in xerte. now what we do
pMEhE_TlKRc-00050-00041840-00042544 basically and i can show you how we do that is we we can so this this is for example my
pMEhE_TlKRc-00051-00042648-00043328 um xerte environment so i'm logged in as a user and i'll switch to the english language
pMEhE_TlKRc-00052-00043432-00043920 and have my workspace and my folders and these are the learning objects that
pMEhE_TlKRc-00053-00043920-00044824 are available that i created or i have access to um and if you look at this url
pMEhE_TlKRc-00054-00044824-00045432 so this is my installation and within this installation we installed tsugi
pMEhE_TlKRc-00055-00045640-00046456 uh and just by appending tsugi to the name like this so this is the same url with tsugi appended
pMEhE_TlKRc-00056-00046544-00047520 i'll show you what will happen i will it will enter in the tsugi normal tsugi panel
pMEhE_TlKRc-00057-00047592-00048280 where i can administer my tools so if i go to the admin panel of this installation
pMEhE_TlKRc-00058-00048560-00049512 i can go to this this this is all very well documented at least i had no trouble to set up
pMEhE_TlKRc-00059-00049672-00050632 lti 1.3 issuers and in itself it's not a really straightforward process because you have to set
pMEhE_TlKRc-00060-00050632-00051479 up oauth 2 keys so there is some back and forth with urls and i will show you the process later on
pMEhE_TlKRc-00061-00051560-00052167 and in the presentation i have several screenshots and the presentation is available
pMEhE_TlKRc-00062-00052167-00052855 and the link to the presentations is mentioned in try sakai as you can refer to that later on
pMEhE_TlKRc-00063-00052944-00053760 but this is basically the the admin panel of tsugi itself created by dr chuck i'm very
pMEhE_TlKRc-00064-00053760-00054584 grateful that he did that it saved me a lot of time and i connected it now to our moodle
pMEhE_TlKRc-00065-00054584-00055216 one of the things that we want to do right after the release is set up a sakai and see
pMEhE_TlKRc-00066-00055272-00055896 if there are any glitches within sakai but i think this will work very nicely in sakai as well
pMEhE_TlKRc-00067-00056136-00056944 so going back to the presentation so here i have uh the the whole the whole process how that works
pMEhE_TlKRc-00068-00056944-00057976 uh so you start by adding an issue entry on the tsugi side and it will show you some urls that
pMEhE_TlKRc-00069-00057976-00059096 you will need you can copy them then you go over to the lms and i've taken moodle as an example
pMEhE_TlKRc-00070-00059288-00059944 and you you fill in those entries that you got from your tsugi panel here
pMEhE_TlKRc-00071-00059944-00060552 and fill in all the details that you want and this is different for each lms so you will need
pMEhE_TlKRc-00072-00060552-00061104 to look up how to do that for your specific lms but the procedure should be very similar
pMEhE_TlKRc-00073-00061391-00062336 and once you've done that you get a tool and uh there it will be a possibility to
pMEhE_TlKRc-00074-00062536-00063152 find the configuration details and enroll this by pressing this button and you will get the
pMEhE_TlKRc-00075-00063152-00063967 platform id the client id the deployment id and the public and some some public urls well you
pMEhE_TlKRc-00076-00063967-00064791 copy those urls so write them down or print them or email a them and you go back to the tsugi panel
pMEhE_TlKRc-00077-00064967-00065648 and in the tsugi panel you fill in those details below here and after you've done that
pMEhE_TlKRc-00078-00065744-00066576 you can you need to create a tenant key and the tenant key only had this is the 1.3
pMEhE_TlKRc-00079-00066576-00067288 the lti 1.3 issue that you just set up it's a drop down list so it's very easy to pick out
pMEhE_TlKRc-00080-00067288-00067952 and you need to fill in the deployment id and the deployment id you got from from your lms once
pMEhE_TlKRc-00081-00068016-00068784 so this is how you set up xerte lti and and you only need to do this once this whole procedure
pMEhE_TlKRc-00082-00069248-00070248 if an admin has done that then as a content writer and i can show you in my prime and so
pMEhE_TlKRc-00083-00070328-00070888 as a content writer i can go to the properties vent the properties window
pMEhE_TlKRc-00084-00070944-00071584 and properties window there's an lti x api tab and you can fill in some details here
pMEhE_TlKRc-00085-00071720-00072432 so you can make the tool available you can use the globally configured keys including lti 1.3
pMEhE_TlKRc-00086-00072432-00072760 and basically this all there is to it if you have an lrs
pMEhE_TlKRc-00087-00072840-00073456 you can enable x api as well and there's a way to globally set up the lrs so you don't have to
pMEhE_TlKRc-00088-00073520-00074064 set up the key in secret for for for each learning object uh individually
pMEhE_TlKRc-00089-00074272-00075128 and there are uh screenshots in this presentation as well so this this is i pointed out which things
pMEhE_TlKRc-00090-00075128-00075928 you need to switch on and some explanatory text here once you've done that uh that
pMEhE_TlKRc-00091-00076128-00076520 that specific tool will be available in moodle so i'll show you there's a moodle
pMEhE_TlKRc-00092-00076584-00076864 as a teacher you want to use that external tool
pMEhE_TlKRc-00093-00076992-00077536 in moodle you can either use the external tool and then select the one you
pMEhE_TlKRc-00094-00077688-00078584 had xerte or you can even add xerte as an extra button as if it were an internal tool
pMEhE_TlKRc-00095-00078792-00079208 once you've done that and the thing that you need to remember
pMEhE_TlKRc-00096-00079208-00080072 if you do that is you need that template id so the the the launch url will be the tool url will be
pMEhE_TlKRc-00097-00080288-00080944 will be available in the properties window i'll show you again if i go to that properties window
pMEhE_TlKRc-00098-00081048-00081848 go to the lti panel and if i set this up and update it this is the launch url so you copy that
pMEhE_TlKRc-00099-00082040-00082280 and that's what you fill in on the moodle site
pMEhE_TlKRc-00100-00082504-00082992 so here this you need to copy it in here and basically
pMEhE_TlKRc-00101-00083176-00084000 the whole thing is up and running you can run your xerte object
pMEhE_TlKRc-00102-00084944-00086080 um now if you do not want to add the the learning object but you want to add the dashboard
pMEhE_TlKRc-00103-00086192-00087048 there is a mechanism in lti which is switched on and you can you can select the content
pMEhE_TlKRc-00104-00087048-00087704 and we set up the the whole xerte install in such a way that if you press that button
pMEhE_TlKRc-00105-00087856-00088520 it will show you one tool and that one tool is the dashboard so it will not show all the
pMEhE_TlKRc-00106-00088520-00089136 learning objects because then this list would be far and far far too long so you cannot use this
pMEhE_TlKRc-00107-00089256-00089984 this mechanism from select content to insert the learning objects itself
pMEhE_TlKRc-00108-00090056-00090784 uh you need to copy the launch url which is because otherwise this this whole dialog would be
pMEhE_TlKRc-00109-00090872-00091304 unmanageable but the dashboard is available as a tool you can install it
pMEhE_TlKRc-00110-00091600-00092400 and then the whole mechanism is equivalent to introducing a tool and then the dashboard
pMEhE_TlKRc-00111-00092400-00092912 needs to know for which learning object you want to have the dashboard so you need to
pMEhE_TlKRc-00112-00093040-00093664 insert the custom parameter once you've done that the dashboard is available in your lms
pMEhE_TlKRc-00113-00093920-00094560 yeah like this that will represent this is moodle and this is an embedded dashboard
pMEhE_TlKRc-00114-00095184-00095944 but what we did uh to the the dashboard is um this is already
pMEhE_TlKRc-00115-00095944-00096408 available for some time but specifically if a learner
pMEhE_TlKRc-00116-00096640-00097216 had several session of the same learning object it was very very very difficult to understand
pMEhE_TlKRc-00117-00097216-00097648 what the meaning of these colors were was and what session was uh uh
pMEhE_TlKRc-00118-00097784-00098584 meant and so what we did is the ability to fold out such a line and it will show you
pMEhE_TlKRc-00119-00098584-00099056 all the individual session that a student did so you can really really really zoom
pMEhE_TlKRc-00120-00099056-00099728 in on all the results that the student filled in that's really neat if i say say so myself
pMEhE_TlKRc-00121-00100400-00101528 and the future plans what we are working on is to have a course register one of the biggest drawback
pMEhE_TlKRc-00122-00101528-00102368 of using x api and then lrs is that x api only shows you what the student has done so it doesn't
pMEhE_TlKRc-00123-00102368-00103064 show you what the student hasn't started or hasn't done yet so it's really difficult if you have a
pMEhE_TlKRc-00124-00103120-00103783 if you want to create a dashboard that aggregates a whole course with several modules
pMEhE_TlKRc-00125-00103904-00104488 and you want to also say that you have a course of four modules and you want to be able to show that
pMEhE_TlKRc-00126-00104488-00105016 the student has started two modules but hasn't started the other modules then the dashboard
pMEhE_TlKRc-00127-00105016-00105559 needs to know that there are four modules so those what we are working on is a course register
pMEhE_TlKRc-00128-00105808-00106583 and for each course it will have an indication of how many modules are available
pMEhE_TlKRc-00129-00106664-00107640 and you can zoom in on the module level and it will help this course uh online learning has four
pMEhE_TlKRc-00130-00107640-00108311 modules and the dashboard can pick that up and knows that it should present four modules and if
pMEhE_TlKRc-00131-00108311-00108920 it can only find data in the lrs for two modules it knows that two of them haven't started yet
pMEhE_TlKRc-00132-00109135-00109656 so we're also working on the aggregated dashboard that uses this technology
pMEhE_TlKRc-00133-00109800-00110424 so this is the the course level and it will pick up the students that
pMEhE_TlKRc-00134-00110511-00111144 are in this group using the names and roles provisioning services from lti
pMEhE_TlKRc-00135-00111208-00111632 and it will use the course register to figure out how many modules it should have
pMEhE_TlKRc-00136-00111824-00112576 and present whether a student has is in progress or not started yet or finished and
pMEhE_TlKRc-00137-00112576-00113488 failed and can so this is the view on module level so this is each module and it gives an indication
pMEhE_TlKRc-00138-00113488-00114080 on how the student population has has done this module so this is on the on the module level
pMEhE_TlKRc-00139-00114192-00115128 um and there is another view this is on this is a particular student particular student this
pMEhE_TlKRc-00140-00115128-00115744 is the interaction with the course and these are the interactions with the specific module
pMEhE_TlKRc-00141-00115848-00116608 now the course register will be a very important source of information to the dashboard
pMEhE_TlKRc-00142-00116711-00117832 and what we can do and what we have created is that the course register will be able to harvest
pMEhE_TlKRc-00143-00117904-00118383 all the modules from a xerte installation and use the metadata and all the learning objects
pMEhE_TlKRc-00144-00118440-00119072 and to build such a course register and then we in in we will also
pMEhE_TlKRc-00145-00119280-00119952 allow people to add modules here that are not specifically xerte
pMEhE_TlKRc-00146-00120032-00120768 for example h5p modules so that we will be able to show the results of h5p modules in the future
pMEhE_TlKRc-00147-00120768-00121688 as well and if sakai is able to track x api data we want to be able to show those results as well
pMEhE_TlKRc-00148-00121688-00122600 this is all in progress um it will uh part of this will be available uh open source and we hope to be
pMEhE_TlKRc-00149-00122600-00123383 able to release this later this year in the end of the third quarter beginnings of the fourth quarter
pMEhE_TlKRc-00150-00123983-00124920 so this is my in contact information if you have any questions you can this is how you can reach me
pMEhE_TlKRc-00151-00125064-00125183 are there any questions
pMEhE_TlKRc-00152-00125432-00125920 tom thanks for that presentation that was that was great um there are two questions in
pMEhE_TlKRc-00153-00125920-00126359 the shared notes uh one was for me which is when do you expect to release the dashboard
pMEhE_TlKRc-00154-00126359-00126783 and course register that you've already answered 2021 quarter three or quarter four
pMEhE_TlKRc-00155-00126872-00127488 um there's a second question uh from tiffany stull of the university of virginia and she asks are
pMEhE_TlKRc-00156-00127488-00128024 there text alternatives for the colored boxes in the dashboard and how can a keyboard user access
pMEhE_TlKRc-00157-00128024-00128664 them this is a an accessibility question or set of questions uh now we're thinking about that um
pMEhE_TlKRc-00158-00128752-00129400 so at the moment there are there are no uh so there aren't accessibility issues with the
pMEhE_TlKRc-00159-00129400-00130064 dashboard not with xerte itself how we try to make the learning objects as accessible as possible
pMEhE_TlKRc-00160-00130168-00130959 but the dashboard indeed we need to find the solutions for those colored boxes i don't think
pMEhE_TlKRc-00161-00130959-00131864 we will completely make re succeed in that effort in the first release but we will definitely
pMEhE_TlKRc-00162-00131984-00132424 try to improve it in subsequent releases that's a very good question thank you
pMEhE_TlKRc-00163-00132848-00133224 are there any other questions for tom you can feel free to either
pMEhE_TlKRc-00164-00133224-00133552 unmute yourself or post your questions in the shared notes
pMEhE_TlKRc-00165-00133776-00134256 tiffany's asking a follow-up question while others think about their question could the boxes just be
pMEhE_TlKRc-00166-00134256-00134952 changed to text she asks not yet but that this is one of the because we know what the meaning is so
pMEhE_TlKRc-00167-00134952-00135584 so uh there should be a mechanism to do that but that mechanism needs to be implemented
pMEhE_TlKRc-00168-00135920-00136224 and we are definitely planning that but it's not done yet
pMEhE_TlKRc-00169-00136608-00137112 all right thanks what other questions do folks have for tom it's 9 26 a.m eastern
pMEhE_TlKRc-00170-00137112-00137716 we have about four more minutes so there's time for a few more questions if you have them
pMEhE_TlKRc-00171-00138952-00139104 all right last call for questions
pMEhE_TlKRc-00172-00140136-00140608 all right then if there are no further questions uh thanks again to tom for this great presentation
pMEhE_TlKRc-00173-00140608-00141136 this is this is pretty fascinating stuff and thanks to all of you for being here so next up
pMEhE_TlKRc-00174-00141200-00141992 is uh another session of lightning talks at 9 35 eastern in just a few minutes so hopefully we'll
pMEhE_TlKRc-00175-00141992-00142616 see you all there so thanks thanks very much and see you all soon take care bye-bye okay thank you
pOBXZJq-Qn4-00000-00000000-00001506 SUBSCRIBE FOR JOB UPDATE
pQ63iSp_-ly-00000-00000051-00000190 Hey guys, it's Thursday.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00001-00000190-00000610 I'm the librarian for Earth Sciences, and this is your office hours Tidbit for the Week.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00002-00000610-00000858 This past Tuesday, I taught a workshop on finding grant opportunities.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00003-00000858-00001145 And we have another one coming up on December 3rd.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00004-00001145-00001245 Shameless plug?
pQ63iSp_-ly-00005-00001245-00001350 Shameless plug.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00006-00001350-00001490 Register here!
pQ63iSp_-ly-00007-00001490-00001794 There are lots of grants available for all kinds of things.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00008-00001794-00002152 Research, travel, training, world domination...
pQ63iSp_-ly-00009-00002152-00002259 World domination -- No.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00010-00002259-00002359 What?
pQ63iSp_-ly-00011-00002359-00002459 No.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00012-00002459-00002641 Many grants are specifically for students.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00013-00002641-00002757 But how do you find them?
pQ63iSp_-ly-00014-00002757-00003030 You might know that we have some databases to help you find articles.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00015-00003030-00003485 What you might not know, is that we also subscribe to databases that help you find grants.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00016-00003485-00003679 Pivot is a great place to start.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00017-00003679-00004054 You can limit your search to opportunities that are only for grads and undergrads.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00018-00004054-00004155 Wow.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00019-00004155-00004342 So much money, right there for the taking.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00020-00004342-00004551 SciVal Funding is another option.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00021-00004551-00004910 They have specialized searches and different ways to limit your results.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00022-00004910-00005010 Use both!
pQ63iSp_-ly-00023-00005010-00005389 And like with any database, be mindful of the language that you use to search.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00024-00005389-00005667 Use "graduate students" instead of "grad students" for example.
pQ63iSp_-ly-00025-00005667-00005824 Scholars, I'll see you next Thursday.
pSYHfQLQLlE-00000-00000000-00000200 smoothie cat 
pbpozF5zYdu-00000-00000474-00000725 Daniel Evans: We're not going to look at ionic equation, it's
pbpozF5zYdu-00001-00000938-00001569 Daniel Evans: Often the important reaction that is happening is given by what's called the net ionic equation.
pbpozF5zYdu-00002-00001752-00002625 Daniel Evans: Our normal equation is the mercury. So in this case, it's certainly soft eight equals certain software plus aqueous calcium iodide.
pbpozF5zYdu-00003-00002736-00003951 Daniel Evans: Produces a solid chasm Sophie and aqueous pseudonym either. This is a precipitation reaction mixed two equals ionic compounds and a solid form is a visitation action.
pbpozF5zYdu-00004-00004122-00004641 Daniel Evans: So the sodium software, it has certain nice and soft and flowing freely intuition.
pbpozF5zYdu-00005-00004752-00006270 Daniel Evans: The calcium iodide has calcium ions and Idi looking on creeping in solution mix the two together, we now have two campaigns to analyze. So we have the two original compounds and to new possibilities.
pbpozF5zYdu-00006-00006396-00007008 Daniel Evans: If one of these is insightful then reaction occurs precipitation reactions.
pbpozF5zYdu-00007-00007131-00008490 Daniel Evans: So that same record equation to get to the net ionic looking to compete, we show the campaign and I infer all aqueous I compounds, you do not break apart solids, liquids or gases.
pbpozF5zYdu-00008-00008604-00009057 Daniel Evans: So in this case we run our complete ionic molecular
pbpozF5zYdu-00009-00009162-00010503 Daniel Evans: We're going to bring up the sub scripts to show how many islands are present. So we have a cat is an Caroline is sodium in a plus the no name is Sophie. So for two months.
pbpozF5zYdu-00010-00010602-00012360 Daniel Evans: So we only have one soft eight but we have to study minds. So we have to sort of the Mayans one Sophie one Kasim line to it says, not a polyatomic ions or contract is to separate lines.
pbpozF5zYdu-00011-00012501-00012872 Daniel Evans: That yields are calcium stop it precipitate the solid
pbpozF5zYdu-00012-00013062-00013458 Daniel Evans: And then to sodium ions and to iodide times
pbpozF5zYdu-00013-00013572-00013833 Daniel Evans: So these ions here they're showing up.
pbpozF5zYdu-00014-00013965-00014672 Daniel Evans: On peroxide, but they're also on the reactive side, these are the spectator lines.
pbpozF5zYdu-00015-00015366-00015930 Daniel Evans: Are in the benches watching the reaction occur, but not actually participating in the reaction, though.
pbpozF5zYdu-00016-00016065-00017190 Daniel Evans: So when we remove the spectator ions, we're left with the net ionic equation in this case is calcium nine Pacific time gives her calcium solid precipitate.
pbpozF5zYdu-00017-00017328-00017781 Daniel Evans: We will look at more of this in a separate video for another type of reaction.
pb_WJAc017I-00000-00000416-00000754 WITH CHIEF PETTY OFFICER SELECTION BOARDS JUST AROUND THE CORNER, SAILORS ARE REMINDED
pb_WJAc017I-00001-00000754-00001263 TO ENSURE THEIR OFFICIAL MILITARY PERSONNEL FILE, OR OMPF, IS CURRENT AND ACCURATE.
pb_WJAc017I-00002-00001263-00001668 FORCE MASTER CHIEF JON PORT, DISCUSSES THE INFORMATION FOUND IN AN OMPF.
pb_WJAc017I-00003-00001668-00002026 "YOUR EDUCATION LEVELS RIGHT ACROSS THE TOP.
pb_WJAc017I-00004-00002026-00002641 IT SHOWS ME YOUR SURFACE WARFARE, AIR WARFARE, NAVAL AIR CREWMAN, WHATEVER YOUR QUALIFICATIONS
pb_WJAc017I-00005-00002641-00002741 ARE.
pb_WJAc017I-00006-00002741-00002841 IT SHOWS ME YOUR NEC'S.
pb_WJAc017I-00007-00002841-00002953 IT SHOWS ME YOUR AWARDS.
pb_WJAc017I-00008-00002953-00003417 SO, RIGHT FROM THERE I HAVE A SNAPSHOT OF THE PERSON THAT I'M GETTING READY TO LOOK
pb_WJAc017I-00009-00003417-00003517 AT.
pb_WJAc017I-00010-00003517-00004068 AT THAT POINT, THE SELECTION BOARD THEN GOES ON AND BEGINS TO REVIEW ALL THE DOCUMENTATION
pb_WJAc017I-00011-00004068-00004309 THAT SUPPORTS THAT COVER SHEET."
pb_WJAc017I-00012-00004309-00004762 SAILORS CAN REVIEW THEIR OMPF ONLINE BY VISITING BOL.NAVY.MIL.
pb_WJAc017I-00013-00004762-00005210 AND SELECTING THE "OMPF - MY RECORD" LINK UNDER THE APPLICATION MENU.
pb_WJAc017I-00014-00005210-00005607 CANDIDATES MAY SUBMIT ANY MISSING, NEW, OR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO BE CONSIDERED VIA
pb_WJAc017I-00015-00005607-00005748 LETTER TO THE BOARD.
pb_WJAc017I-00016-00005748-00006144 THESE LETTERS MUST BE RECEIVED BY THE NAVY PERSONNEL COMMAND CUSTOMER SERVICE CENTER
pb_WJAc017I-00017-00006144-00006713 BY APRIL 22ND FOR FULL TIME SUPPORT AND MAY 28TH FOR THE ACTIVE-COMPONENT BOARD.
pb_WJAc017I-00018-00006713-00007498 "SO, FROM THE SERVICE MEMBER'S PERSPECTIVE, I NEED TO KNOW THAT THE PAPER IS RIGHT BECAUSE
pb_WJAc017I-00019-00007498-00007655 THEY'RE NOT GOING TO SEE ME.
pb_WJAc017I-00020-00007655-00007847 THEY DON'T SEE A PICTURE.
pb_WJAc017I-00021-00007847-00008272 THEY DON'T HAVE A MEMBER OF MY COMMAND SPEAKING ON MY BEHALF.
pb_WJAc017I-00022-00008272-00008458 ALL THEY HAVE IS PAPER.
pb_WJAc017I-00023-00008458-00008889 THAT SERVICE RECORD IS YOU IN FRONT OF THE SELECTION BOARD."
pb_WJAc017I-00024-00008889-00009400 THE FULL TIME SUPPORT E7 SELECTION BOARD IS SCHEDULED TO CONVENE MAY 13TH, AND THE ACTIVE-COMPONENT
pb_WJAc017I-00025-00009400-00009697 SELECTION BOARD IS SCHEDULED TO CONVENE JUNE 17TH.
pb_WJAc017I-00026-00009697-00010089 THE ACTIVE-COMPONENT CHIEF PETTY OFFICER BOARD IS THE LARGEST SELECTION BOARD CONDUCTED IN
pb_WJAc017I-00027-00010089-00010361 THE NAVY AND TYPICALLY LASTS FOUR WEEKS.
pb_WJAc017I-00028-00010361-00010948 FOR MORE INFORMATION, SEE NAVADMIN 294/12 AT NPC.NAVY.MIL.
pb_WJAc017I-00029-00010948-00011200 FROM THE DEFENSE MEDIA ACTIVITY I'M PETTY OFFICER AMARA TIMBERLAKE.
pfQFPGCUAsY-00000-00000100-00000300 Thank you very much Salman for the nomination.
pfQFPGCUAsY-00001-00000332-00000500 I think...
pfQFPGCUAsY-00002-00000710-00000952 Water hasn't to be wasted for something.
pfQFPGCUAsY-00003-00000968-00001244 But it's true to help people that are in trouble.
pfQFPGCUAsY-00004-00001314-00001723 That's why I'll donate 150 euro to a social organization of YOUR choice.
pfQFPGCUAsY-00005-00001823-00002536 POST here the name of a social organization or LIKE their name.
pfQFPGCUAsY-00006-00002558-00003120 The social organization with the most likes will receive the donation.
pfQFPGCUAsY-00007-00003180-00003664 I'm nominating Markus Töbelmann, Dirk Lamm and my brothers Fabian and Oliver Koch.
pfQFPGCUAsY-00008-00003696-00004014 You've 24 hours to react. Don't disappoint me.
piVa6FxoSUU-00000-00000836-00001309 Hi guys, welcome to a new reaction video on my channel KAZINCREDIBLE with 
piVa6FxoSUU-00001-00001409-00002295 and together we are going to watch a new albanian song by the kosovo albanian singer DAFINA ZEQIRI
piVa6FxoSUU-00002-00002298-00002621 and Ft. MC KRESHA. 
piVa6FxoSUU-00003-00002827-00003674 she has released a new album and this is a song from the album. I guess she will release a mv for each song slowly slowly 
piVa6FxoSUU-00004-00004166-00005748 Unfortunately x5 ... Dafina is today in Düsseldorf in Ambis Club ... and I have seen it yesterday..I wish i could see her but i have to work :(
piVa6FxoSUU-00005-00005751-00005951 Lets start with the song 
piVa6FxoSUU-00006-00006268-00006508 I havent listened the album - I only listened to Llafe Llafe 
piVa6FxoSUU-00007-00006881-00007081 because i wanted to wait for the music video 
piVa6FxoSUU-00008-00008034-00008234 ok the beat is interesting
piVa6FxoSUU-00009-00009214-00009555 uhh this style is really interesting with the teased hair
piVa6FxoSUU-00010-00009662-00009862 exactly 
piVa6FxoSUU-00011-00011921-00012121 it looks like she is demonstrating against something 
piVa6FxoSUU-00012-00012230-00012430 Semir: maybe for women rights 
piVa6FxoSUU-00013-00012529-00012729 equal rights
piVa6FxoSUU-00014-00015210-00015410 she looks really serious
piVa6FxoSUU-00015-00017224-00017749 i have to say that i like this setting - what is hanging on the top 
piVa6FxoSUU-00016-00018408-00018608 cool hair style 
piVa6FxoSUU-00017-00019614-00019814 ah he is playing both roles 
piVa6FxoSUU-00018-00025190-00025500 this looks really AMAZING
piVa6FxoSUU-00019-00025549-00025662 QUEEN
piVa6FxoSUU-00020-00025683-00025883 amazing yeah
piVa6FxoSUU-00021-00025913-00026458 wow, what she has on her face AND what she is wearing on her head 
piVa6FxoSUU-00022-00032457-00032657 they have agreed for something 
piVa6FxoSUU-00023-00033024-00033224 Semir: is this maybe about violence against women?
piVa6FxoSUU-00024-00033301-00033761 this could be right. Lets give a like. 
piVa6FxoSUU-00025-00033813-00035153 nice music video - some interesting scenes. And this style here is the best - i love this. 
piVa6FxoSUU-00026-00035181-00036112 write your opinion in the comments - how you like that music video and the song. Is this your favorite from the album or not? Or are there better songs in the album?
piVa6FxoSUU-00027-00036133-00036991 i am excited for this . i hope she will release more music videos - if you havent watched our other albanian music reactions then come over
piVa6FxoSUU-00028-00037018-00037776 we have done many - if you enjoyed the video so please LIKE it and dont forget to subscribe - thanks for watching. Stay safe and healthy. 
pjh0M_etSqA-00000-00000448-00000748 Here's how we avert a worsening climate crisis
pjh0M_etSqA-00001-00000764-00001190 and build a renewable and fair society together and fast.
pjh0M_etSqA-00002-00001284-00001484 It's not about changing light bulbs
pjh0M_etSqA-00003-00001484-00001750 or expecting your elected officials to lead.
pjh0M_etSqA-00004-00001816-00002044 It's about you taking action right now
pjh0M_etSqA-00005-00002044-00002242 where you have the most power:
pjh0M_etSqA-00006-00002242-00002444 your very own community.
pjh0M_etSqA-00007-00002530-00002644 We, the people,
pjh0M_etSqA-00008-00002644-00002896 have to take down the fossil fuel industry
pjh0M_etSqA-00009-00002896-00003238 if we want to replace it with renewable energy for all.
pjh0M_etSqA-00010-00003238-00003518 The fossil fuel industry has spent decades
pjh0M_etSqA-00011-00003518-00003796 creating and denying a climate crisis
pjh0M_etSqA-00012-00003796-00004108 that is already affecting millions of us around the world.
pjh0M_etSqA-00013-00004164-00004288 So how do we take down
pjh0M_etSqA-00014-00004288-00004508 the most powerful industry in the history of the world?
pjh0M_etSqA-00015-00004586-00004790 It's quite simple, actually,
pjh0M_etSqA-00016-00004790-00005074 by building enough local people power.
pjh0M_etSqA-00017-00005166-00005302 Fossil fuel companies
pjh0M_etSqA-00018-00005302-00005608 only have the power that we are willing to give them.
pjh0M_etSqA-00019-00005736-00005844 They are supported by
pjh0M_etSqA-00020-00005844-00006222 our public institutions giving them social acceptability
pjh0M_etSqA-00021-00006222-00006472 through sponsorships and partnerships;
pjh0M_etSqA-00022-00006472-00006780 our very own investments, allowing them to expand
pjh0M_etSqA-00023-00006780-00006968 into new fossil fuel projects that are
pjh0M_etSqA-00024-00006968-00007126 completely unnecessary;
pjh0M_etSqA-00025-00007231-00007318 our politicians,
pjh0M_etSqA-00026-00007318-00007564 allowing them to operate and pollute
pjh0M_etSqA-00027-00007564-00007833 within our very own communities.
pjh0M_etSqA-00028-00007833-00007934 But look what happens
pjh0M_etSqA-00029-00007934-00008126 if enough people are pushing against
pjh0M_etSqA-00030-00008126-00008318 those very pillars of support.
pjh0M_etSqA-00031-00008318-00008556 What if communities all over the world
pjh0M_etSqA-00032-00008556-00008732 stand up for themselves and say:
pjh0M_etSqA-00033-00008732-00008972 no more fossil fuel projects.
pjh0M_etSqA-00034-00008972-00009224 Not here, not anywhere.
pjh0M_etSqA-00035-00009292-00009466 If we pass local bans
pjh0M_etSqA-00036-00009466-00009776 and organize ourselves to resist fossil fuel projects
pjh0M_etSqA-00037-00009776-00009932 in our very communities.
pjh0M_etSqA-00038-00009940-00010210 Not a penny more for dirty energy:
pjh0M_etSqA-00039-00010210-00010424 if our universities, museums,
pjh0M_etSqA-00040-00010424-00010688 pension funds divest from fossil fuels
pjh0M_etSqA-00041-00010688-00011004 and refuse their tainted sponsorships.
pjh0M_etSqA-00042-00011004-00011230 Now imagine how much more quickly
pjh0M_etSqA-00043-00011230-00011394 those pillars of support will fall
pjh0M_etSqA-00044-00011394-00011674 if we are accelerating a just and fair transition
pjh0M_etSqA-00045-00011674-00011912 to 100% renewable energy for all.
pjh0M_etSqA-00046-00011912-00012176 If we're actively promoting the kind of
pjh0M_etSqA-00047-00012176-00012360 community-controlled and just alternatives
pjh0M_etSqA-00048-00012360-00012464 we want to see.
pjh0M_etSqA-00049-00012518-00012630 We know from history
pjh0M_etSqA-00050-00012630-00012868 social change only happens from the bottom up
pjh0M_etSqA-00051-00012868-00013136 when enough people take a stand together
pjh0M_etSqA-00052-00013160-00013456 Street by street, city by city, town by town:
pjh0M_etSqA-00053-00013456-00013732 it's up to you and me to get involved.
pjh0M_etSqA-00054-00013732-00013950 That's how the Fossil Free campaign is
pjh0M_etSqA-00055-00013950-00014194 going to end the age of fossil fuels
pjh0M_etSqA-00056-00014194-00014388 and build a world that is powered by
pjh0M_etSqA-00057-00014388-00014608 community-led renewable energy for all.
pjh0M_etSqA-00058-00014608-00014846 But it starts with you, your neighbor,
pjh0M_etSqA-00059-00014846-00015069 your town, your community:
pjh0M_etSqA-00060-00015091-00015316 Our shared Fossil Free future.
plfC45-KlXy-00000-00000056-00000119 >> Hello again.
plfC45-KlXy-00001-00000176-00000740 We've got another absolute value but this is a combination with a quadratic.
plfC45-KlXy-00002-00000795-00001220 Well, maybe not quadratic yet, but we want to show a combination question.
plfC45-KlXy-00003-00001249-00001792 Because level three of this module has a bunch of different combinations and let's look
plfC45-KlXy-00004-00001792-00001978 at solving it, then we'll talk more about it after.
plfC45-KlXy-00005-00002042-00002139 So what do we got?
plfC45-KlXy-00006-00002139-00002836 Absolute value of x squared minus 5x plus 2 and that's equal to 4.
plfC45-KlXy-00007-00002944-00003512 Great. So, want to get rid of the absolute value as always I get plus or minus on the other side.
plfC45-KlXy-00008-00003512-00004087 X squared minus 5x plus 2 equals plus or minus 4.
plfC45-KlXy-00009-00004172-00004382 Great, two possible solutions.
plfC45-KlXy-00010-00004449-00005170 So, we can look at the x squared minus 5x plus 2 equals 4.
plfC45-KlXy-00011-00005305-00005640 Great. Well, I already kind of let the cat out of the bag
plfC45-KlXy-00012-00005640-00005902 but if I bring the 4 over I get a quadratic equation.
plfC45-KlXy-00013-00005935-00006377 X squared minus 5x minus 2 equals zero.
plfC45-KlXy-00014-00006388-00006771 And if I look at that, I hope I can factor it, but I can't.
plfC45-KlXy-00015-00006795-00006926 So what do I got to do?
plfC45-KlXy-00016-00006955-00007366 Well, I go back to that module if I need a refresher and I remember I've got
plfC45-KlXy-00017-00007366-00007505 that good old quadratic equation.
plfC45-KlXy-00018-00007552-00008158 Good old minus b, plus or minus square root of b squared minus 4ac all over 2a.
plfC45-KlXy-00019-00008244-00008521 Okay, again, go back to that module if you can't remember the formula
plfC45-KlXy-00020-00008521-00008982 or just Google quadratic equation and it will come right up.
plfC45-KlXy-00021-00008989-00009387 In this case we do minus b which is minus, minus 5.
plfC45-KlXy-00022-00009460-00010038 Plus or minus the square root of b squared, so minus 5 squared,
plfC45-KlXy-00023-00010108-00010467 minus 4 times a, which in our case is 1.
plfC45-KlXy-00024-00010495-00010653 Times c, which is minus 2.
plfC45-KlXy-00025-00010766-00011260 And then entire top part divided by 2 times a, which in our case is 1.
plfC45-KlXy-00026-00011339-00012566 So, we get 5 plus or minus the square root of 25 plus 8 all over 2 or 5 plus
plfC45-KlXy-00027-00012566-00013111 or minus the square root of 33 all over 2.
plfC45-KlXy-00028-00013259-00014114 Then we go to our trusty calculator, find that the square root of 33 is 5.74.
plfC45-KlXy-00029-00014166-00014726 Let's get that back again [inaudible].
plfC45-KlXy-00030-00014770-00014944 So we have 5.
plfC45-KlXy-00031-00014995-00015207 Again, this becomes two viable solutions.
plfC45-KlXy-00032-00015237-00016030 Now let's switch colours to help start clarifying this a bit because we've got 5 plus
plfC45-KlXy-00033-00016030-00016552 or minus 5.7 and I am just going to round off to the second decimal for now,
plfC45-KlXy-00034-00016635-00016941 get an approximate answer but it'll be good enough for our purposes.
plfC45-KlXy-00035-00016941-00017064 So that's divided by 2.
plfC45-KlXy-00036-00017166-00017545 Great. Well, basically we got two answers.
plfC45-KlXy-00037-00017554-00018648 One that adds, so we get 10.74 divided by 2 or in other words 5.37.
plfC45-KlXy-00038-00018702-00019579 Or we get minus, so we have .0.74 let's make that, it was going to be a 5 into a 4.
plfC45-KlXy-00039-00019653-00019819 Ahhh, let's just erase it.
plfC45-KlXy-00040-00019856-00020554 0.74 divided by 2 which is equal to 0.37.
plfC45-KlXy-00041-00020606-00020951 So this part itself had two solutions.
plfC45-KlXy-00042-00021058-00021358 Okay. Now, let's consider the other case.
plfC45-KlXy-00043-00021452-00022278 We've got x squared minus 5x plus 2 equals -4 now.
plfC45-KlXy-00044-00022283-00023236 Great. X squared minus 5x plus 6 equals zero and this time we look
plfC45-KlXy-00045-00023282-00023416 and thankfully that is factorable.
plfC45-KlXy-00046-00023507-00023819 So, again if you're unsure go back to the quadratics module.
plfC45-KlXy-00047-00023857-00024508 Because what we can write this as is x-3 and x-2 equals zero.
plfC45-KlXy-00048-00024579-00024981 And notice once again we have to evaluate both of these brackets.
plfC45-KlXy-00049-00025030-00025359 If either of these brackets are equal to zero the enter thing must be zero,
plfC45-KlXy-00050-00025359-00025502 because zero times anything is zero.
plfC45-KlXy-00051-00025559-00026132 So, again, x minus 3 equals zero or x equals 3.
plfC45-KlXy-00052-00026202-00026735 Then this ones going to lead x minus 2 equals zero or x equals 2.
plfC45-KlXy-00053-00026821-00027163 So this time we actually ended up with four possible answers.
plfC45-KlXy-00054-00027214-00027666 Each of these possibilities itself was evaluated.
plfC45-KlXy-00055-00027666-00027774 I mean think about that.
plfC45-KlXy-00056-00027820-00028122 We just ended up taking what was almost a quadratic.
plfC45-KlXy-00057-00028138-00028515 We put it an absolute value bar around it but it didn't really change anything.
plfC45-KlXy-00058-00028564-00029055 We just went back to this same quadratic equations or quadratic equation
plfC45-KlXy-00059-00029055-00029207 or factoring that we used before.
plfC45-KlXy-00060-00029231-00029590 We just ended up with two possible cases and you're going to see a lot
plfC45-KlXy-00061-00029590-00029957 of these combo questions in level three, it's really what we end up doing.
plfC45-KlXy-00062-00030000-00030433 The same questions we were before but we have a plus or minus so we end
plfC45-KlXy-00063-00030433-00030902 up with two possible solutions that we solve the same way we were doing in the previous modules.
plfC45-KlXy-00064-00030942-00031243 So, give it a try and thank you for watching.
qoTaDVoM3so-00000-00000013-00000482 Questioner (Kartika): What is it that the youth needs to concentrate on, but they have not yet?
qoTaDVoM3so-00001-00000482-00000653 Sadhguru: In India,
qoTaDVoM3so-00002-00000653-00001141 the mango farmers  have some wisdom  in them like this.
qoTaDVoM3so-00003-00001141-00001498 I’ve been a mango farmer in the past.
qoTaDVoM3so-00004-00001498-00001982 Just after twelve, fourteen months after planting…
qoTaDVoM3so-00005-00001982-00002218 if it’s a well grafted plant,
qoTaDVoM3so-00006-00002218-00002340 within fourteen months,
qoTaDVoM3so-00007-00002340-00002666 flowers will come when the season comes.
qoTaDVoM3so-00008-00002666-00003022 First thing we do is we’ll pluck off the flowers.
qoTaDVoM3so-00009-00003022-00003358 If you leave it, a few mangoes will come.
qoTaDVoM3so-00010-00003358-00003533 But we will take it off.
qoTaDVoM3so-00011-00003533-00003824 Next season again the flowers come,  we’ll take it off.
qoTaDVoM3so-00012-00003824-00004056 We will wait for the plant to grow
qoTaDVoM3so-00013-00004056-00004551 because we know, if the fruit comes out of that plant,
qoTaDVoM3so-00014-00004551-00004991 that plant will never grow into a full-fledged tree.
qoTaDVoM3so-00015-00004991-00005300 It will not bear as much fruit as it could,
qoTaDVoM3so-00016-00005300-00005522 if it bears too early.
qoTaDVoM3so-00017-00005522-00005760 So this is something youth must remember,
qoTaDVoM3so-00018-00005760-00006173 don’t try to live too early.
qoTaDVoM3so-00019-00006173-00006434 This is the time where  you build yourself
qoTaDVoM3so-00020-00006434-00006864 in body, in mind, in competence, in capability
qoTaDVoM3so-00021-00006864-00007073 you build yourself.
qoTaDVoM3so-00022-00007073-00007283 Time to live will come.
qoTaDVoM3so-00023-00007283-00007480 If you live too early,
qoTaDVoM3so-00024-00007480-00007859 then you will see you will not live  a full-fledged life.
qoTaDVoM3so-00025-00007859-00007948 So right now
qoTaDVoM3so-00026-00007948-00008292 we have imported this from western societies,
qoTaDVoM3so-00027-00008292-00008414 by the time you are fourteen
qoTaDVoM3so-00028-00008414-00008653 you must have a boyfriend or a girlfriend.
qoTaDVoM3so-00029-00008653-00008748 By the time you are at eighteen
qoTaDVoM3so-00030-00008748-00009013 you have had three heartbreaks.
qoTaDVoM3so-00031-00009013-00009310 Where the hell are you focusing  on building yourself?
qoTaDVoM3so-00032-00009310-00009671 These things are taking so much  time and energy.
qoTaDVoM3so-00033-00009671-00010064 Build yourself up well  if you want to live well.
qoTaDVoM3so-00034-00010064-00010396 So, there is a certain time to grow
qoTaDVoM3so-00035-00010396-00010654 and there is a certain time to live.
qoTaDVoM3so-00036-00010654-00010868 If you live too early,  you will not grow
qoTaDVoM3so-00037-00010868-00011034 and if you don’t grow,
qoTaDVoM3so-00038-00011034-00011362 the scale and scope of your life will be very limited
qoTaDVoM3so-00039-00011362-00011536 that should not happen to you.
q00sD4aRw-k-00000-00000004-00000304 ♪ [music] ♪
q00sD4aRw-k-00001-00000604-00000964 Welcome to the series Sustainable Monetized Websites.
q00sD4aRw-k-00002-00000965-00001438 I'm Aurora, and I work in Policy Education for Publishers at Google.
q00sD4aRw-k-00003-00001438-00001852 My team explains the policies, restrictions, and best practices
q00sD4aRw-k-00004-00001852-00002165 to users who monetize their online content.
q00sD4aRw-k-00005-00002165-00002514 Before going any further, I'd like to ask you a question,
q00sD4aRw-k-00006-00002514-00002910 do you create or manage content online and monetize it?
q00sD4aRw-k-00007-00002910-00003169 (howling wind)
q00sD4aRw-k-00008-00003276-00003447 I wish I could hear your answer!
q00sD4aRw-k-00009-00003520-00003686 Anyway, if you do,
q00sD4aRw-k-00010-00003686-00004020 I bet you felt like this many times before.
q00sD4aRw-k-00011-00004190-00004307 You agree?
q00sD4aRw-k-00012-00004307-00004480 Then stick around for this series
q00sD4aRw-k-00013-00004480-00004741 because there's definitely something for you.
q00sD4aRw-k-00014-00004742-00004968 Throughout the episodes I,
q00sD4aRw-k-00015-00004969-00005292 and I, Organic(a), the Search Champion
q00sD4aRw-k-00016-00005292-00005625 and I, Monetized, the Publishing Guru,
q00sD4aRw-k-00017-00005675-00006133 will take you through the policies, guidelines, best practices, and tools
q00sD4aRw-k-00018-00006133-00006422 available to you, the one-person show,
q00sD4aRw-k-00019-00006423-00006809 to ensure you're creating sustainable monetized websites.
q00sD4aRw-k-00020-00006864-00007176 There's a lot of names used to define who you are:
q00sD4aRw-k-00021-00007176-00007452 website owner, business owner, SEO, blogger,
q00sD4aRw-k-00022-00007452-00007700 webmaster, content creator, content manager,
q00sD4aRw-k-00023-00007701-00007890 content marketer, publisher.
q00sD4aRw-k-00024-00007959-00008379 You might identify with some, all, or none of these terms,
q00sD4aRw-k-00025-00008379-00008501 and that's fine.
q00sD4aRw-k-00026-00008576-00008729 Do you get what I mean?
q00sD4aRw-k-00027-00008886-00009278 The web is full of terms, such as webmaster or publisher,
q00sD4aRw-k-00028-00009278-00009481 and that might overwhelm you.
q00sD4aRw-k-00029-00009481-00009822 In a nutshell, it's not the name or tag you're given,
q00sD4aRw-k-00030-00009822-00010093 it's what you actually do that matters.
q00sD4aRw-k-00031-00010093-00010364 At the end of the day,  if you're a business owner
q00sD4aRw-k-00032-00010364-00010787 or a blogger that provides advertising spaces on your site
q00sD4aRw-k-00033-00010787-00010987 for advertisers to bid on,
q00sD4aRw-k-00034-00010987-00011373 then you're creating or managing content for online users,
q00sD4aRw-k-00035-00011373-00011748 and hopefully generating revenue from it.
q00sD4aRw-k-00036-00011748-00011968 I'm aware that if you're doing both,
q00sD4aRw-k-00037-00011969-00012254 there's a lot of things you have to bear in mind.
q00sD4aRw-k-00038-00012255-00012503 If you want your site to do well on Search,
q00sD4aRw-k-00039-00012503-00012764 you have to follow a few technical guidelines,
q00sD4aRw-k-00040-00012764-00013261 while if you want advertisers to be able to bid on the ad space on your pages,
q00sD4aRw-k-00041-00013261-00013611 you have to hold yourself to another set of policies.
q00sD4aRw-k-00042-00013612-00014092 Sometimes, your activity on organic search might receive a manual action,
q00sD4aRw-k-00043-00014092-00014364 and this could affect your site's performance.
q00sD4aRw-k-00044-00014364-00014804 Others, your pages might be demonetized due to policy violations.
q00sD4aRw-k-00045-00014936-00015248 I will not get into technical SEO here.
q00sD4aRw-k-00046-00015248-00015506 You've got the SEO Mythbusting series for that...
q00sD4aRw-k-00047-00015506-00015803 ♪ [music] ♪
q00sD4aRw-k-00048-00015804-00016051 ...or the ad content policies themselves.
q00sD4aRw-k-00049-00016051-00016249 You can find out more about that
q00sD4aRw-k-00050-00016249-00016550 on the Google Monetized Policies Lightning Talk.
q00sD4aRw-k-00051-00016663-00016961 What I will talk about are those policies,
q00sD4aRw-k-00052-00016961-00017217 guidelines, best practices, and tools
q00sD4aRw-k-00053-00017217-00017663 that will help you have a sustainable, holistic online presence.
q00sD4aRw-k-00054-00017724-00017917 And what do you mean by that?
q00sD4aRw-k-00055-00017972-00018199 I mean that throughout this series,
q00sD4aRw-k-00056-00018199-00018548 I'll address policies and guidelines around navigation,
q00sD4aRw-k-00057-00018548-00018707 or unique and original content;
q00sD4aRw-k-00058-00018707-00019115 for example, best practices to prevent policy violations
q00sD4aRw-k-00059-00019116-00019477 and how to address these if or when they happen.
q00sD4aRw-k-00060-00019505-00019892 I'll talk about tools, such as the Publisher Policy Center,
q00sD4aRw-k-00061-00019892-00020108 Search console, and Site Kit--
q00sD4aRw-k-00062-00020108-00020483 useful when used together to improve your online presence.
q00sD4aRw-k-00063-00020483-00020679 Because although you might think
q00sD4aRw-k-00064-00020679-00021019 that the organic and monetized worlds are very different,
q00sD4aRw-k-00065-00021019-00021277 the truth is no matter who you are,
q00sD4aRw-k-00066-00021277-00021603 everything can be distilled into this mantra:
q00sD4aRw-k-00067-00021603-00021948 "Focus on your users. Create great content."
q00sD4aRw-k-00068-00022072-00022205 Are you still there?
q00sD4aRw-k-00069-00022298-00022750 In the next episode, I'll talk about the importance of healthy navigation.
q00sD4aRw-k-00070-00022750-00023130 Make sure you subscribe to this channel so that you don't miss it.
q00sD4aRw-k-00071-00023130-00023388 Like, share, and leave a comment
q00sD4aRw-k-00072-00023388-00023789 if you have any cool topic suggestions for future episodes.
q00sD4aRw-k-00073-00023789-00024043 Until the next time, goodbye.
q00sD4aRw-k-00074-00024043-00024294 ♪ [music] ♪
q6fge6Wnkrc-00000-00000008-00000512 hi guys welcome or welcome back to my channel i wanted to come correct for you guys which is
q6fge6Wnkrc-00001-00000512-00001240 why i'm currently wearing a blazer but you know what i'm going to take it off because it's a bit
q6fge6Wnkrc-00002-00001240-00001680 restrictive and i'm going to get comfortable because what we're going to be talking about
q6fge6Wnkrc-00003-00001680-00002312 is extremely important and i want to make you guys feel as comfortable as possible and i want
q6fge6Wnkrc-00004-00002312-00003000 to be as comfortable as possible my name is saria welcome don't hesitate to support me
q6fge6Wnkrc-00005-00003000-00003632 by subscribing liking this video if you enjoyed like comment and subscribe i hate one youtuber say
q6fge6Wnkrc-00006-00003632-00004184 that by the way because it's just like i haven't even watched the video yet like why are you asking
q6fge6Wnkrc-00007-00004184-00004680 me to subscribe and like i don't even know what they're going to say but i feel like if i just
q6fge6Wnkrc-00008-00004680-00005312 say that and take that out of the way as soon as possible then you'll be reminded and when youtube
q6fge6Wnkrc-00009-00005312-00005808 studio sends me these information on how to grow my channel they tell me to do this so
q6fge6Wnkrc-00010-00005808-00006256 what do you want from me i want you to like comment and subscribe give me a break
q6fge6Wnkrc-00011-00006656-00007159 i think that's funny but anyways what i'm about to talk about is very important to me and i feel
q6fge6Wnkrc-00012-00007159-00008031 like it's very important for us to understand this whole phenomena from my perspective one
q6fge6Wnkrc-00013-00008031-00008728 because i have a very unique perspective on this particular matter and i feel like it's one
q6fge6Wnkrc-00014-00008728-00009608 that could help us out as a community of people with a similar hue to our skin because honestly
q6fge6Wnkrc-00015-00009720-00010384 outside of the cultural identity that people of the same hue of my skin have
q6fge6Wnkrc-00016-00010384-00011208 sometimes i just have to wonder like where is the mental similarities within this group of people
q6fge6Wnkrc-00017-00011208-00011736 because just the way they behave and the things they see and the way they behave to information
q6fge6Wnkrc-00018-00011832-00012760 makes me wonder sometimes like what is going on so what i'm talking about is the comment that monique
q6fge6Wnkrc-00019-00012760-00013624 made about bonnets let's start with what is the meaning of a bonnet and what is a bonnet used for
q6fge6Wnkrc-00020-00013624-00014463 so according to the googler black women have worn sleep bonnets and head wraps to protect their hair
q6fge6Wnkrc-00021-00014463-00015432 and make natural hairstyles last longer for many it's a part of their nightly routine experts say
q6fge6Wnkrc-00022-00015432-00016128 i'm going to tell you my understanding of what a bonnet is and what it's used for so a bonnet in
q6fge6Wnkrc-00023-00016128-00017160 the african american the african diaspora is used as a piece of material lined with
q6fge6Wnkrc-00024-00017160-00018160 elastic to protect your hairstyle for sleeping to protect your hair from breakage from dehydration
q6fge6Wnkrc-00025-00018160-00018784 while you sleep it's something that we wear to bed it's something that we wear in the house yeah
q6fge6Wnkrc-00026-00018904-00019600 that's the basis of what a bonnet is used for like it's used inside your home as a means for you to
q6fge6Wnkrc-00027-00019600-00020360 protect either your natural hair from breaking to retain moisture or use to protect a hairstyle
q6fge6Wnkrc-00028-00020360-00020944 whether you're wearing a wig or any like hairstyle that you're trying to protect
q6fge6Wnkrc-00029-00020944-00021520 while you sleep that's what i bought it is used for right what a bonnet is not used for
q6fge6Wnkrc-00030-00021520-00022456 is anything outside of that anything outside of what's described as its use it's not used for
q6fge6Wnkrc-00031-00022456-00023480 it is used as a protective gear for hair while one sleeps that is what a bonnet is used for now
q6fge6Wnkrc-00032-00023480-00024440 before i go into what monique said about bonnets as regards to people of my same complexion as it
q6fge6Wnkrc-00033-00024440-00025192 relates to african-american people i must give you a history of her image in the public's eye
q6fge6Wnkrc-00034-00025192-00026008 so monique is a comedian and an actress she was one of the main characters in the show the parkers
q6fge6Wnkrc-00035-00026008-00026944 the parkers was from august 1999 to may of 2004 it was a very successful show she was the one she was
q6fge6Wnkrc-00036-00026944-00027488 the main character really um the parkas was her and her daughter in their relationship in going to
q6fge6Wnkrc-00037-00027488-00028064 college blah blah if you don't know about the park it's just it's on netflix it was a very successful
q6fge6Wnkrc-00038-00028064-00028936 african-american sitcom if you will and after the success of that she did a lot of cameos in other
q6fge6Wnkrc-00039-00028936-00029656 shows i'm not sure if there was any movie before the movie precious but one of her major breakout
q6fge6Wnkrc-00040-00029656-00030480 roles was precious the movie where she did a phenomenal job at playing precious mother there
q6fge6Wnkrc-00041-00030480-00031408 was a lot of calamities and drama surrounding her not wanting to promote the movie or not wanting
q6fge6Wnkrc-00042-00031408-00032127 to do that without pay um there was a lot of drama surrounding her having feuds with tyler perry and
q6fge6Wnkrc-00043-00032127-00033056 oprah over the promotional leg of the movie and so i feel like tyler perry as well as oprah are
q6fge6Wnkrc-00044-00033056-00033632 black american treasures they're not gods i love both of them apparently if you [__] with them
q6fge6Wnkrc-00045-00033632-00034248 you [__] with the whole african-american community and no one will hear any sides it's
q6fge6Wnkrc-00046-00034248-00034960 their right nobody else is right whatever i don't know the situation but that's the vibe that i got
q6fge6Wnkrc-00047-00034960-00035464 and i just didn't really felt like anybody was thinking for themselves it was a collective
q6fge6Wnkrc-00048-00035464-00036296 thought that nobody really broke down critically to have a critical thought of their own but i
q6fge6Wnkrc-00049-00036296-00036848 digress i'm not going to go too deep into that but i can tell you that that whole scenario that whole
q6fge6Wnkrc-00050-00036848-00037760 situation really tainted monique's reputation and she was then blacklisted um from hollywood because
q6fge6Wnkrc-00051-00037760-00038480 of that whole situation whatever that was i don't really know every single detail and i don't want
q6fge6Wnkrc-00052-00038480-00039224 to give details on that i can only tell you how i felt about the situation and how it made me feel
q6fge6Wnkrc-00053-00039224-00040088 as a dark skinned afro-centric brown woman brown caribbean woman it did not make me feel good there
q6fge6Wnkrc-00054-00040088-00040832 were so many different legs to the story i did not feel well how this woman was being treated based
q6fge6Wnkrc-00055-00040832-00041680 on no deep research on every aspect and fact of the situation i just felt like a collective
q6fge6Wnkrc-00056-00041736-00042544 opinion was gathered and everybody was jumping onto that boat and rowing it to the middle of
q6fge6Wnkrc-00057-00042544-00043096 the ocean that's really how i felt and it was a little bit overwhelming for me so i really did
q6fge6Wnkrc-00058-00043096-00043784 not take it on anyways moving forward monique said some comments about black women wearing
q6fge6Wnkrc-00059-00043784-00044352 bonnets in public now remember what i said about bonnets what they're used for she also mentioned
q6fge6Wnkrc-00060-00044352-00045120 something about pajamas and do i really need to go into what pajamas mean and how they're
q6fge6Wnkrc-00061-00045120-00045704 used and what they're supposed to be used for i really don't think i need to but i'm going to
q6fge6Wnkrc-00062-00045768-00046704 watch the video with you guys and then i'm going to we're going to comment on it okay guys so i
q6fge6Wnkrc-00063-00046704-00047440 know i said i was going to watch the video and then comment on it but actually this video was
q6fge6Wnkrc-00064-00047440-00048168 meant to be a five minute video and it's already like very long so i'm going to link the video
q6fge6Wnkrc-00065-00048168-00048800 below so that you can watch the full length video on your own time and then come back to this video
q6fge6Wnkrc-00066-00048800-00049400 once you've watched it or watch it after you've watched this video so that you can have a full
q6fge6Wnkrc-00067-00049512-00050120 scope of what's going on and what i'm actually talking about thank you so much
q6fge6Wnkrc-00068-00050176-00051176 how i feel about what she said i feel like she prefaced the message correctly by stating that
q6fge6Wnkrc-00069-00051176-00052055 she's coming from a place of love and throughout the entire message it maintained that tone off
q6fge6Wnkrc-00070-00052055-00052791 i i'm coming from a place of love i'm seeing as i'm seeing what you're doing i'm trying to share
q6fge6Wnkrc-00071-00052791-00053552 with you some useful information um if you want it here it is if you call me auntie this is the
q6fge6Wnkrc-00072-00053552-00054240 message that i'm caught that i'm giving to you if even if you don't call me auntie um here i i think
q6fge6Wnkrc-00073-00054240-00054936 it's useful uh information i'm seeing this and i'm feeling this way and i'm sharing this with you
q6fge6Wnkrc-00074-00054936-00055600 because i love you and i feel like this will be of use to you that is the feeling that i get from
q6fge6Wnkrc-00075-00055600-00056272 what she's saying her body language says the same message her tone says the same message how i'm
q6fge6Wnkrc-00076-00056272-00056872 feeling about her spirit and her aura is saying the same message i don't feel any ill will in this
q6fge6Wnkrc-00077-00056872-00057624 messaging i don't feel anything of i'm better than you i don't feel anything malicious i don't feel
q6fge6Wnkrc-00078-00057624-00058184 anything negatively prideful and when i say negatively prideful i mean like the same
q6fge6Wnkrc-00079-00058184-00058736 notion of like i'm better than you i'm showing up better than you and you're doing this and i'm not
q6fge6Wnkrc-00080-00058736-00059424 and i'm not doing this i i don't feel that there's no arrogance behind the message that she's sending
q6fge6Wnkrc-00081-00059424-00060200 it's very straightforward it's very clear and i can feel in my spirit that it's coming from a
q6fge6Wnkrc-00082-00060200-00060912 place of love it's coming from a place of concern and it's also coming from a place of upliftment
q6fge6Wnkrc-00083-00060912-00061688 of trying to educate and inform and uplift a group of people there's nothing malicious that i
q6fge6Wnkrc-00084-00061688-00062776 can detect from this messaging that she said so i i just don't understand what the
q6fge6Wnkrc-00085-00062776-00063648 mix-up is what the agenda of everybody else is i feel very saddened by how this messaging has
q6fge6Wnkrc-00086-00063648-00064536 taken on a whole new meaning to people who want to have a whole new agenda for someone
q6fge6Wnkrc-00087-00064536-00065296 and i understand that when powerful people dismiss someone beneath them a subordinate especially if
q6fge6Wnkrc-00088-00065296-00066144 those powerful people are commonly people who have done good or have done tremendous things in their
q6fge6Wnkrc-00089-00066144-00066768 own lives as well as showcasing their efforts for a whole community we want to lift those people up
q6fge6Wnkrc-00090-00066768-00067312 and we want to believe everything they say but we also have to remember that those people are humans
q6fge6Wnkrc-00091-00067312-00067944 and they're not always right they're not always doing good just like none of us is ever always
q6fge6Wnkrc-00092-00067944-00068648 doing good sometimes we're all up to things that's just what it is and i feel uplifted by her message
q6fge6Wnkrc-00093-00068648-00069432 i feel that it was a very important message to say i feel like anybody who this message would
q6fge6Wnkrc-00094-00069432-00070136 apply to if they're off thinking sound mind they would hear the message and grab it or grab aspect
q6fge6Wnkrc-00095-00070136-00070792 of it that applies to them and leave the rest i feel like one of the things that's wrong with
q6fge6Wnkrc-00096-00070792-00071608 people within the black or the african-american community is that they don't know how to take the
q6fge6Wnkrc-00097-00071608-00072272 value from something and leave the rest there's a saying that we say back home in jamaica that
q6fge6Wnkrc-00098-00072272-00072968 if the cap fits you wear it if the cap fits wear it if it doesn't apply to you then move on
q6fge6Wnkrc-00099-00072968-00073592 take the value from what is being said and leave everything else alone when she said when she
q6fge6Wnkrc-00100-00073592-00074032 mentioned have some pride in yourself and the way that you carry yourself and the way that
q6fge6Wnkrc-00101-00074032-00074624 you're representing your family there was nothing that was malicious about that i felt nothing mean
q6fge6Wnkrc-00102-00074624-00075528 it was not arrogant it was not uh demeaning i felt nothing of the sort let me just say this
q6fge6Wnkrc-00103-00075528-00076088 i feel like if the message was coming from any one of these people who have a problem with this
q6fge6Wnkrc-00104-00076088-00076608 messaging grandmothers they would not have a problem with it they would humble themselves
q6fge6Wnkrc-00105-00076608-00077216 and they would say yes grandma if the messaging was coming from their grandmothers i'm telling you
q6fge6Wnkrc-00106-00077312-00077944 if the message was coming from their grandmothers they would not have a problem with this message
q6fge6Wnkrc-00107-00077944-00078672 but because it's coming from a woman who has had previous history and bad publicity within
q6fge6Wnkrc-00108-00078672-00079464 the public's eye they feel like it's important for them to piggy off that history and ride this woman
q6fge6Wnkrc-00109-00079464-00080160 down into the ground and that's where we're just not going to have this we're not going to do this
q6fge6Wnkrc-00110-00080160-00080720 to black women any longer you cannot say that you support women and you support black women
q6fge6Wnkrc-00111-00080720-00081264 and you support your community but whenever you have the chance whenever you get the opportunity
q6fge6Wnkrc-00112-00081264-00081984 to ride someone down into the ground to jump on someone's back and beat them like a horse over the
q6fge6Wnkrc-00113-00081984-00082648 head continuously and consistently whenever that opportunity comes up you jump on it and you do it
q6fge6Wnkrc-00114-00082648-00083400 and you see no problem with it and what it screams to me is one jealousy you have a problem that the
q6fge6Wnkrc-00115-00083400-00083992 message came from somebody you didn't expect it to come from because she has had bad publicity
q6fge6Wnkrc-00116-00083992-00084840 and bad imagery and you can feel in the atmosphere that people have been wanting this woman to die or
q6fge6Wnkrc-00117-00084840-00085488 to be dismissed forever and the funny thing about it is that she's given so much to the community
q6fge6Wnkrc-00118-00085488-00086192 and she's given so much to black culture in america she's given herself um her art her energy
q6fge6Wnkrc-00119-00086192-00086800 she's uplifted people she's made people laugh she's she's given you guys joy and this is how
q6fge6Wnkrc-00120-00086800-00087360 you treat your mother this is how you treat your aunt this is how you treat your grandma this
q6fge6Wnkrc-00121-00087360-00087808 is how you treat your sister this is how you treat your friend this is how you treat black
q6fge6Wnkrc-00122-00087808-00088616 women and not just black women dark skinned black women this is what you do this is how you behave
q6fge6Wnkrc-00123-00088840-00090040 i'm appalled i am appalled i'm disgusted it really breaks my heart and i feel like throwing up and
q6fge6Wnkrc-00124-00090120-00090824 i'm trying my very best not to cry right now but it's so sad it's giving me [__] marcus garvey
q6fge6Wnkrc-00125-00090824-00091544 it's giving me [__] you malcolm x it's giving me muhammad ali can go [__] himself that's the
q6fge6Wnkrc-00126-00091544-00092200 vibe it's giving me because when influential people come to us with information especially
q6fge6Wnkrc-00127-00092200-00092736 when they're not the people that we expect to get this information from especially when they're not
q6fge6Wnkrc-00128-00092736-00093424 meek people they're not diluted people they have strong personalities and their their speech is
q6fge6Wnkrc-00129-00093424-00094176 very uh strong and they have a thing about them that that charges you to either listen
q6fge6Wnkrc-00130-00094240-00094904 and you either like that or you hate that they're not mild people and i find that african-americans
q6fge6Wnkrc-00131-00094904-00095752 oftentimes like mildness they talk a lot about how white people don't like to season their food
q6fge6Wnkrc-00132-00095752-00096824 but in spirit we're mild we have no strength to to receive information and that is a problem so back
q6fge6Wnkrc-00133-00096824-00097456 to what i was saying we have a problem with just taking the value from information and run with it
q6fge6Wnkrc-00134-00097456-00098128 the fact of the matter is that a bonnet is not something that you usually wear outside pajamas
q6fge6Wnkrc-00135-00098128-00098656 aren't something that you usually wear outside if you're gonna wear your pajamas outside let us not
q6fge6Wnkrc-00136-00098656-00099240 even think about it as pajamas if you're gonna wear your bonnet outside let us not even think
q6fge6Wnkrc-00137-00099240-00099840 about it as bonnets like you have to be innovative in the way that you carry yourself because you are
q6fge6Wnkrc-00138-00099840-00100432 representing yourself one you are representing your family and you're representing a whole
q6fge6Wnkrc-00139-00100432-00101224 community i didn't create this type of reality for us this has been the reality for us for
q6fge6Wnkrc-00140-00101224-00101784 hundreds of years as a community as a collective we have to be aware of that we have to be aware
q6fge6Wnkrc-00141-00101784-00102424 that it exists and act accordingly we have to act according to what we know not otherwise we know
q6fge6Wnkrc-00142-00102424-00102832 something to be true we know people are always looking at us we know people hold us to a
q6fge6Wnkrc-00143-00102832-00103511 different standard let us act according to that not allow it to burden us and prison us but let's
q6fge6Wnkrc-00144-00103511-00104328 not act according to what we know nothing in the messaging that monique said made me feel less than
q6fge6Wnkrc-00145-00104328-00105120 and it is a fact i i do not wear my bonnet outside the furthest i would wear my bonnet to is my car
q6fge6Wnkrc-00146-00105120-00105744 but to be out in public wearing a bonnet it's not something that i do i don't wear my pajamas out
q6fge6Wnkrc-00147-00105744-00106335 in public the furthest i'll wear my pajamas to is my car you know there's certain things that you
q6fge6Wnkrc-00148-00106335-00107024 keep into the house there are certain things that are private and certain things that are sensitive
q6fge6Wnkrc-00149-00107024-00107688 and certain things that are more intimate is the word that i'm looking for that we we need to act
q6fge6Wnkrc-00150-00107688-00108328 according to that we don't need to take everything that's inside the home outside of the home you
q6fge6Wnkrc-00151-00108328-00109048 know things that are inside of the home needs to maintain its intimacy inside the home and i
q6fge6Wnkrc-00152-00109048-00109768 saw a comment from tanya tko that said oh monique was wearing a robe she made a comment like oh
q6fge6Wnkrc-00153-00109768-00110472 but you're wearing a rope this is also a problem that i find with a lot of african-american people
q6fge6Wnkrc-00154-00110528-00111296 is that they cannot stay on topic they cannot maintain the conversation in a straight line
q6fge6Wnkrc-00155-00111383-00111832 the conversation is not about what monique is wearing the conversation
q6fge6Wnkrc-00156-00111832-00112528 is about bonnets and wearing bonnets in public to the airport wearing your pajamas to the airport i
q6fge6Wnkrc-00157-00112528-00113352 understand that people want to be comfortable and they want to feel overly comfortable to be honest
q6fge6Wnkrc-00158-00113352-00113856 you know when you're at home that's where your comfortability is you know yeah you can be
q6fge6Wnkrc-00159-00113856-00114248 comfortable outside but where appropriate clothes were outside to be comfortable
q6fge6Wnkrc-00160-00114248-00115008 outside because you're representing yourself that is just a fact you know it's not it's not hidden
q6fge6Wnkrc-00161-00115008-00115496 truth you know if you want to be comfortable in the airport if you want to be comfortable on a
q6fge6Wnkrc-00162-00115496-00116288 plane wear a tracksuit make your headscarf stylish or remotely presentable you know as
q6fge6Wnkrc-00163-00116288-00116968 african-american people we're so creative and we're so just innovative we know how to turn
q6fge6Wnkrc-00164-00116968-00117880 freaking chicken back into curry deliciousness you can be creative use your creativity to make
q6fge6Wnkrc-00165-00117880-00118511 yourself comfortable in these public spaces so that we're not letting ourselves go you know
q6fge6Wnkrc-00166-00118568-00119032 nobody's saying and she even in the message she even said hey i'm not saying wear
q6fge6Wnkrc-00167-00119032-00119768 a full face of makeup i'm not saying wear a full lace wig all i'm saying is this is inappropriate
q6fge6Wnkrc-00168-00120000-00120424 that's all i'm seeing is that this is inappropriate what is wrong with
q6fge6Wnkrc-00169-00120424-00121216 what she said please somebody please somebody please tell me what is wrong with the messaging
q6fge6Wnkrc-00170-00121216-00121688 because i personally didn't find anything wrong with this messaging i i really didn't
q6fge6Wnkrc-00171-00121792-00122816 black america's response to monique was just blase blase it was very disruptive with all
q6fge6Wnkrc-00172-00122888-00123759 the aggressive attacking responses i saw a lot of women doing the opposite of what moaning
q6fge6Wnkrc-00173-00123759-00124496 said as if it was going to hurt her it's not hurting her it's hurting you guys you know it
q6fge6Wnkrc-00174-00124496-00125208 she is fine when she leaves her house she's not going outside in a bonnet you know she never said
q6fge6Wnkrc-00175-00125208-00125800 oh don't ever wear your bonnet she says don't wear your bonnet in public she never says don't film in
q6fge6Wnkrc-00176-00125800-00126472 your bonnet she says don't wear your bonnet to the airport she never says don't film in your pajamas
q6fge6Wnkrc-00177-00126472-00127280 she says don't wear your pajamas to the airport can are you listening are you hearing are you deaf
q6fge6Wnkrc-00178-00127408-00128368 do you need hearing aid because there's nothing that this woman said that was of ill will that was
q6fge6Wnkrc-00179-00128368-00129152 mean that was malicious nothing you guys wanted to find a problem so that you can come on here
q6fge6Wnkrc-00180-00129152-00129832 onto the internet and attack a decent woman but you know what you're not going to do it you're
q6fge6Wnkrc-00181-00129832-00130256 not going to do it on my watch you're not going to do today you're not going to do it tomorrow
q6fge6Wnkrc-00182-00130256-00131056 you're going to stop here because it screams jealousy it screams hating it screams self-hate
q6fge6Wnkrc-00183-00131056-00131728 it screams hating a black woman it screams hating on your own people for no good reason
q6fge6Wnkrc-00184-00131728-00132480 that's what it's screaming it screams [__] you marcus garvey it screams malcolm x can just
q6fge6Wnkrc-00185-00132480-00132912 suck my dick it's screaming muhammad ali can just [__] off
q6fge6Wnkrc-00186-00132912-00133560 but we we can take dr martin luther king jr because at least he was nice and he did not
q6fge6Wnkrc-00187-00133616-00134584 he did he never said he said that we should always be nice to white people and we there's no violence
q6fge6Wnkrc-00188-00134936-00135608 he he was no violence we need to learn where we came from we didn't come from mildness we
q6fge6Wnkrc-00189-00135608-00136504 didn't come from people who gave a mild opinion we don't come from politically correct uh mess
q6fge6Wnkrc-00190-00136504-00137184 we come from people who gave truth who were direct who was firm who were strong that's
q6fge6Wnkrc-00191-00137184-00137744 where we come from you guys have forgotten where you come from but i haven't okay nothing that this
q6fge6Wnkrc-00192-00137744-00138504 woman said was mean malicious untrue it is the truth she saw something and she felt the need
q6fge6Wnkrc-00193-00138504-00139128 to inform you guys this woman is up here okay she's been there she's seen it all she didn't
q6fge6Wnkrc-00194-00139128-00139536 have to come on here and said anything to you guys but she did and what you did was
q6fge6Wnkrc-00195-00139536-00140200 you turn it around and you created a narrative that would feed your jealousy and feed your
q6fge6Wnkrc-00196-00140200-00140904 maliciousness and feed your clout so that you could piggyback off this black woman and it's
q6fge6Wnkrc-00197-00140992-00141688 we need to stop doing that as a community this is where it needs to stop it needs to stop here it
q6fge6Wnkrc-00198-00141688-00142288 really needs to stop here when we behave this way towards women coming forward having a difference
q6fge6Wnkrc-00199-00142288-00142896 of opinion having a different way of delivering messages which nothing was disrespectful
q6fge6Wnkrc-00200-00142896-00143416 in what she said nothing was malicious when you guys respond the way that you respond
q6fge6Wnkrc-00201-00143416-00144104 it says to me that there's a bit of fraudulent stare you know because on one end of the stick
q6fge6Wnkrc-00202-00144160-00144816 we cannot say oh yeah we are queens and we respect black women and we need to lift up the black women
q6fge6Wnkrc-00203-00144816-00145576 we want truth and we want this and we want that when there is a energy of hatred and jealousy
q6fge6Wnkrc-00204-00145576-00146256 but the same black women who claim that they're queens and support black women and support black
q6fge6Wnkrc-00205-00146256-00147032 businesses but you're all frauds you're all frauds because when it comes to the truth right when the
q6fge6Wnkrc-00206-00147032-00147752 truth comes to you and it's your chance to grab at the value and advance yourselves you would
q6fge6Wnkrc-00207-00147752-00148648 rather to persecute the messenger rather than to see your part in why the message was sent in the
q6fge6Wnkrc-00208-00148648-00149240 first place the fact is that she's up there she's trying to lift you up and that's how you behave
q6fge6Wnkrc-00209-00149240-00149824 that's how you behave every time i see this behavior time and time again with my interactions
q6fge6Wnkrc-00210-00149824-00150352 on tick tock twitter and social media it's just that there's this thing that you guys
q6fge6Wnkrc-00211-00150352-00150992 have going on where you knock the messenger that comes with the truth and not just the truth the
q6fge6Wnkrc-00212-00150992-00151552 unfiltered truth but i have a message for you and i want to add that this is the kind of
q6fge6Wnkrc-00213-00151552-00152280 behavior that is the reason why a mass majority of people within the african-american community
q6fge6Wnkrc-00214-00152280-00153200 remain as they are and god is going to smite you for this these are not my words god sees and knows
q6fge6Wnkrc-00215-00153200-00153808 and he will smite you for persecuting his messengers and don't don't try to get too
q6fge6Wnkrc-00216-00153808-00154336 philosophical about it and don't even question whether that message that she sent was from god
q6fge6Wnkrc-00217-00154336-00154992 don't even try it don't even go for me right now because i'm not playing with none of you
q6fge6Wnkrc-00218-00155240-00156056 god will smite you for battering the messengers of information that he sends to you so be careful and
q6fge6Wnkrc-00219-00156056-00156984 be warned be careful and be warned because he has sent many and it is because the foundation
q6fge6Wnkrc-00220-00157208-00157896 let me say something you see when our people are together and strong together nothing
q6fge6Wnkrc-00221-00157896-00158936 outside of those people can come in and dismantle them no one can dismantle a group that is strong
q6fge6Wnkrc-00222-00158936-00159680 and mighty a group that looks out for one another when there's values that are strong
q6fge6Wnkrc-00223-00159760-00160232 when there's values that form the foundation of a group of people
q6fge6Wnkrc-00224-00160232-00160912 are the same and they're mighty and they're strong together nothing can dismantle you
q6fge6Wnkrc-00225-00161064-00161904 nobody from outside can come in and just disrupt your everything so just think about that
q6fge6Wnkrc-00226-00161904-00162376 for a moment and think for yourself while you're thinking about that don't think about
q6fge6Wnkrc-00227-00162376-00162992 what somebody else thinks about that think for yourself so don't kill the messenger because the
q6fge6Wnkrc-00228-00162992-00163632 message is hard for you to hear or you would have preferred the message to come from someone else
q6fge6Wnkrc-00229-00163632-00164400 don't kill the messenger on those terms take the value from the information and move the [__] on
q6fge6Wnkrc-00230-00164488-00165200 it's just that simple what we're not going to be out here doing is dogging black women on the
q6fge6Wnkrc-00231-00165200-00165840 internet for everybody else to see as a community how does that look on you guys how do you feel
q6fge6Wnkrc-00232-00165840-00166520 about yourselves you're dogging someone around all around social media and everybody outside of
q6fge6Wnkrc-00233-00166520-00167152 that community is seeing you how does it make you feel you feel good about yourself i hope you do
q6fge6Wnkrc-00234-00167152-00167776 and i really hope you sleep well at nighttime what you're doing is dogging monique to make her
q6fge6Wnkrc-00235-00167776-00168576 look bad and to continue to persecute her and continue a narrative that diminishes her truth
q6fge6Wnkrc-00236-00168576-00169440 and diminishes her integrity and just diminishes her authority and the authority of a black woman
q6fge6Wnkrc-00237-00169440-00170296 so what you are doing to her you are ultimately doing to yourself the persecution continuing that
q6fge6Wnkrc-00238-00170296-00170976 malicious narrative as if a dark-skinned black woman is always coming after you
q6fge6Wnkrc-00239-00170976-00171784 is always seeing something mean and rude to you is always addressing you beneath your station you are
q6fge6Wnkrc-00240-00171784-00172608 continuing that narrative not her you're using her as a model to continue that narrative but it is
q6fge6Wnkrc-00241-00172608-00173208 you who are doing it and this is diminishing her truth and diminishing her integrity
q6fge6Wnkrc-00242-00173208-00174104 and diminishing her authority as a black woman but it's also doing the same for you whatever you do
q6fge6Wnkrc-00243-00174104-00174848 to her you are doing to yourself so be careful how you treat women out here especially black
q6fge6Wnkrc-00244-00174848-00175712 women and especially you women who claim oh black women or queens treat us like queens if the queen
q6fge6Wnkrc-00245-00175712-00176320 says something you listen if you don't agree with it you sit at your kitchen table and you
q6fge6Wnkrc-00246-00176320-00176864 talk about what you agree with and you talk about what you don't agree with but you don't publicly
q6fge6Wnkrc-00247-00176864-00177440 publicly speak ill of the queen do you because often times if you speak publicly ill of a queen
q6fge6Wnkrc-00248-00177440-00177968 you're dead the next day right you can listen to beyonce but you can't listen to monique you'll
q6fge6Wnkrc-00249-00177968-00178448 fight for beyonce but you can't fight for monique what makes these women different tell me yeah of
q6fge6Wnkrc-00250-00178448-00178856 course their talents are different but they're both black women one's light skin and one's
q6fge6Wnkrc-00251-00178856-00179240 dark skin what makes these women different both these women have shared their talents with you
q6fge6Wnkrc-00252-00179240-00179824 guys they've uplifted you guys they've comforted you in times when you needed laughter or joy or
q6fge6Wnkrc-00253-00179904-00180664 boldness and vigor both these women have given back to our community with themselves
q6fge6Wnkrc-00254-00180664-00181408 using themselves as tools as well as using their god-given talents both need to be respected both
q6fge6Wnkrc-00255-00181408-00182216 need to be listened to both are queens in their own rights i'm upset i'm disgusted
q6fge6Wnkrc-00256-00182216-00183112 with this behavior i i'm appalled at the way that you guys have behaved in this scenario and i feel
q6fge6Wnkrc-00257-00183112-00183680 sorry for you and if it is that you need a hug today i would give you a hug it'll take me a
q6fge6Wnkrc-00258-00183680-00184232 little bit to adjust to that but i i would give you a hug because you need it but i also wanna
q6fge6Wnkrc-00259-00184632-00186384 so in conclusion i want to give you guys some alternatives to wearing your bonnets out in public
q6fge6Wnkrc-00260-00188336-00189072 now if you do a show that's called bonnet chronicles obviously this woman was not talking
q6fge6Wnkrc-00261-00189072-00189656 about you because your show is bonnet chronicles and you obviously don't wear your bonnet out
q6fge6Wnkrc-00262-00189656-00190208 in public you see how we need to stay on topic you see how we need to think in a straight line
q6fge6Wnkrc-00263-00190208-00190744 you see how we're all over the place as a people we need to come back and centralize
q6fge6Wnkrc-00264-00190744-00191512 ideas and thoughts and be the intellects and the scholars of this time like we were back then
q6fge6Wnkrc-00265-00191672-00192496 but i digress i'm going to give you guys some alternatives to bonnets and some alternatives
q6fge6Wnkrc-00266-00192496-00193576 to pajamas so that you guys can have choices so that you think twice about it when you go out in
q6fge6Wnkrc-00267-00193576-00194416 public in public places with your physical bodies not while you're filming at home in your home
q6fge6Wnkrc-00268-00194496-00195552 your sacred space but when you're out in public in public places what monique was referring to was
q6fge6Wnkrc-00269-00195552-00196328 being out in public in public places wearing your bonnets and your pajamas
q6fge6Wnkrc-00270-00196392-00197192 she's she never referred to anything about filming in your bonnet at home in your sacred space
q6fge6Wnkrc-00271-00197192-00197776 she never mentioned anything about not wearing pajamas in your videos at home
q6fge6Wnkrc-00272-00197832-00198328 in your sacred spaces let's get it together and stay on topic
q6fge6Wnkrc-00273-00198528-00199080 stay within the context of the conversation with the contents that are provided
q6fge6Wnkrc-00274-00199080-00199840 for us to make critical thinking opinions on okay let's try to do that
q6fge6Wnkrc-00275-00199840-00200664 because that is missing when the opportunity comes for us to think critically for ourselves
q6fge6Wnkrc-00276-00200736-00201256 when the opportunity comes we just let it sit there and it just evaporates like water vapor
q6fge6Wnkrc-00277-00201256-00201976 like black america get it together please please african-american people so beautiful people so
q6fge6Wnkrc-00278-00201976-00202896 precious to god people so creative and smart and wise please use these gifts in your everyday lives
q6fge6Wnkrc-00279-00202896-00203680 please i beg of you let us come to our senses and uplift black women in every aspect of their lives
q6fge6Wnkrc-00280-00203680-00204960 in all the shades possible and not ever ever pull them down let us not do that to our own
q6fge6Wnkrc-00281-00204960-00205736 sisters and mothers and friends and aunts and nieces and cousins let us not do that
q6fge6Wnkrc-00282-00205736-00206832 to our in-laws stand strong and push on with some integrity and pride in who you are as a person
q6fge6Wnkrc-00283-00206896-00207776 and some self-respect that you will think twice before you disrespect someone else it is important
q6fge6Wnkrc-00284-00207776-00208600 for you to understand this we are one only united we are many as we fall if we can stand united
q6fge6Wnkrc-00285-00208600-00209296 being united and not acting as if we're united if we can stand strong within our own values our
q6fge6Wnkrc-00286-00209296-00210119 own value system then nothing can dismantle us no one and we'll forever and continuously
q6fge6Wnkrc-00287-00210119-00210936 grow strong as a community but if we continue to diminish the authority and the integrity of
q6fge6Wnkrc-00288-00210936-00211944 our own women our own women or elderly women who come to us with love or women who actually have
q6fge6Wnkrc-00289-00212000-00213023 portals between their legs that have brought living life forces into this world if we continue
q6fge6Wnkrc-00290-00213023-00214704 to do this to our women we will continue to be the foot stool of this planet so live well smile
q6fge6Wnkrc-00291-00214912-00215992 take care of your hair think twice before you go outside and wash your face moisturize yourself
q6fge6Wnkrc-00292-00216216-00216992 put in just a little bit of effort and see how it makes you feel you feeling cold at the airport
q6fge6Wnkrc-00293-00217071-00218096 put on a hoodie wear a jacket one love i love you guys bye
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00000-00000003-00000549 HEY TRIPPSTERS breaking Shania news okay in case you guys have missed it
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00001-00000549-00001215 poor me from her new album now is going to be released as a promo single it's
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00002-00001215-00001725 not the official second single but it is going to be a promo single and you will
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00003-00001725-00002378 be able to string that on Spotify now the official release will be either late
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00004-00002378-00003119 tonight or early in the morning okay the actual official time seems to be out
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00005-00003119-00003596 there but you know that's the two that I've come up with late tonight or early
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00006-00003596-00003921 in the morning most most of them are saying that it's going to be late come
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00007-00003921-00004714 out on Spotify I found this out because and thank you so much Alvin Skye Seville
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00008-00004714-00005316 let me know this and Alvin thank you so much oh my god
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00009-00005316-00006207 you rock even also let me know that it was already available in New Zealand and
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00010-00006207-00006530 Australia so if you're from either of those places
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00011-00006530-00006963 this song is already available for you guys okay here in the United States and
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00012-00006963-00007476 I've guessed everywhere else it will be released until officially until late
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00013-00007476-00007973 tonight if not if it's not available on Spotify by late tonight it will be by
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00014-00007973-00008643 sometime tomorrow morning but I had to let you guys know and remember guys to
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00015-00008643-00009135 hear snippets from the new album check out my website link is in the
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00016-00009135-00009650 description it's the ultimate 9.5 anything that has come available so far
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00017-00009650-00010172 and there's been a few snippets made available to us you can hear those on my
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00018-00010172-00010817 channel website I will link to the direct page in the description below now
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00019-00010825-00011406 Alvin actually has a youtube channel so I'm going to let that pop up at the end
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00020-00011406-00011967 of this video so that you guys can check out that channel and my buddy Colin oh
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00021-00011967-00012429 my god Colin you rock you're awesome I can't even thank you enough has a
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00022-00012429-00012909 Facebook page totally dedicated to Shania it is kosher now now I will link
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00023-00012909-00013362 to his Facebook page in the description below but the breaking news is yes
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00024-00013362-00014016 poor me from Shahnaz new album is going to officially be released as a promo
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00025-00014016-00014586 single the second official single is still scheduled to be swing it was not
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00026-00014586-00015344 as closed and she is working on the video for that song now so for me is a
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00027-00015344-00015845 pro single but it will be released and it will be on Spotify so there you go
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00028-00015845-00016229 guys Alvin oh my god you are awesome I love
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00029-00016229-00016668 you you're just awesome thank you for sharing the news with me and letting me
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00030-00016668-00017156 know so that I can let the other fans know okay guys that is going to do it
qqmLeaP2Jj8-00031-00017156-00017876 for now this is ICEPETS Queen and I am tripping out
qwR9ciWLFTu-00000-00000267-00000664 Currently, the consumption of materials of natural resources is increasing,
qwR9ciWLFTu-00001-00000664-00001048 particularly in East Asia. Likewise, countries continue to address
qwR9ciWLFTu-00002-00001048-00001457 pollution related challenges of air, water and soil.
qwR9ciWLFTu-00003-00001457-00001953 The objective of sustainable consumption and production is to do more and better things with less resources.
qwR9ciWLFTu-00004-00001953-00002681 It is estimated that, on average, European people consumes 30 kg of plastic per year.
qwR9ciWLFTu-00005-00002681-00003257 In our country the average carbon footprint is 7.6 tons of CO2 per year per person.
qwR9ciWLFTu-00006-00003257-00003682 Transportation accounts for 40% of total consumption of energy requiered in the production of foods.
qwR9ciWLFTu-00007-00003682-00004135 Every Spanish person throws away 250 euros of food per year.
qwR9ciWLFTu-00008-00004135-00004460 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted every year
qwR9ciWLFTu-00009-00004460-00004838 while more tha 2 billion people suffer from hunger
qwR9ciWLFTu-00010-00004838-00005356 or malnutrition.
qwR9ciWLFTu-00011-00007366-00007783 To avoid reaching the point of no return of Earth, where  the situation is irreversible,
qwR9ciWLFTu-00012-00007783-00008203 UN has established medium and long term objectives, whitch are the following:
qwR9ciWLFTu-00013-00008203-00008633 Reduce food waste by 2030, an ecological management of chemical products
qwR9ciWLFTu-00014-00008633-00008895 and raise awareness about sustainable development.
qwR9ciWLFTu-00015-00008895-00009264 However, the situation is not going to improve by itself, we have in our hands
qwR9ciWLFTu-00016-00009264-00009492 a series of initiatives to contribute our grain of sand.
q-Xnw_yueak-00000-00000088-00000792 despite it being mostly okay, safari having a level of one, and everything else nearly nothing,
q-Xnw_yueak-00001-00000864-00001232 then it still reloads safari for pretty much
q-Xnw_yueak-00002-00001232-00001792 making not enough memory available to roach it, and have to reload it. i'm not sure why it
q-Xnw_yueak-00003-00001792-00002456 has to happen every time, and nothing can reduce the number of times. it reloads the camera app
q-Xnw_yueak-00004-00002456-00003032 and wastes a small amount of time for each. by the way, we've added 45 new users this month,
q-Xnw_yueak-00005-00003032-00003679 although we can update the number anytime we check and add any more users. so anyway, let's go.
qFuJiNhqCMg-00002-00000786-00001030 Hello, I'm Da eun's mom.
qFuJiNhqCMg-00003-00001040-00001574 This week, we came to the Goso Rock Camping Site in Namwon City, North Jeollabukdo.
qFuJiNhqCMg-00004-00001607-00001726 This is the parking lot.
qFuJiNhqCMg-00005-00001780-00002007 So you can park here.
qFuJiNhqCMg-00006-00002060-00002594 We spent one night in the parking lot because of the roof top tent.
qFuJiNhqCMg-00007-00002614-00002818 The restroom here is very clean.
qFuJiNhqCMg-00008-00002818-00003268 There is also a separate collection facility and water is available.
qFuJiNhqCMg-00009-00003684-00003784 like this
qFuJiNhqCMg-00010-00003911-00004177 I can wash my legs so easily.
qFuJiNhqCMg-00012-00004682-00004824 The water here is also good.
qFuJiNhqCMg-00013-00005124-00005310 I think there is a spring here.
qFuJiNhqCMg-00014-00005316-00005636 I think there is a spring here. The water keeps flowing.
qFuJiNhqCMg-00015-00005728-00005972 There is a wide grass here.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00000-00000064-00000158 Welcome!
qFKCcjxfkDc-00001-00000158-00000985 Today we’re going to talk about two most common ways how to change the number of decimal places in Excel.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00002-00000985-00001071 Ready to start?
qFKCcjxfkDc-00003-00001588-00001913 Hello! And welcome to EasyClick Academy!
qFKCcjxfkDc-00004-00001913-00002260 My name’s Frank and together with our EasyClick team,
qFKCcjxfkDc-00005-00002260-00003078 we’re here to make sure you’ll be able to use Excel in a quick and easy way, thanks to our digestible video tutorials.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00006-00003078-00003872 The first (and the fastest) way how to change the number of decimal places in Excel is to use the buttons in the Home tab,
qFKCcjxfkDc-00007-00003872-00004406 specifically the options ‘Increase Decimal’ and ‘Decrease Decimal’.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00008-00004406-00004955 To do that, we need to select the cells where the number of decimal places should be changed.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00009-00004955-00005458 To increase the number of decimal places, click on ‘Increase Decimal’.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00010-00005458-00005943 Here, Excel unifies the number of decimal places for both cells.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00011-00005943-00006912 If we increase the number of decimal places to more than the numbers actually contain, Excel adds zeros to make up the count.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00012-00006912-00007538 Now, let’s do it the other way round and let’s decrease the number of decimal places.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00013-00007538-00007961 For that, we need to use the button ‘Decrease Decimal’. 
qFKCcjxfkDc-00014-00007961-00008791 Here we need to keep in mind that if we decrease the number of the decimal places, Excel will round the figures.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00015-00008791-00009610 Let’s say B3 contains a figure that consists of the number 6 located on the sixth decimal place.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00016-00009610-00010667 Based on this, if we decrease the number of decimal places to five, the number 5 located on the fifth decimal place will round to 6.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00017-00010667-00011506 It’s also important to remember that after decreasing the decimal places, the figure in the cell doesn’t lose its value.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00018-00011506-00012410 The value displayed will be the rounded figure with the number of decimal places you needed to display, but if you click on the cell,
qFKCcjxfkDc-00019-00012410-00013062 the formula bar shows the full figure with all the decimal places it contains.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00020-00013062-00013279 And let’s move on, now.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00021-00013279-00014000 The second most common way how to change the number of decimal places in Excel uses cell formatting.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00022-00014000-00014379 We need to select the cells again, just like a while ago.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00023-00014379-00014806 Then use a right-click and select ‘Format Cells’.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00024-00014806-00015408 Now you can see a window where you need to select ‘Number’ under the section ‘Category:’
qFKCcjxfkDc-00025-00015408-00015985 and you can type in the exact count of decimal places here on the right.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00026-00015985-00016677 Just above you can see the preview of the final figure with the specified decimal places count.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00027-00016677-00017215 Let’s change the number to 4, press OK and that’s it!
qFKCcjxfkDc-00028-00017215-00017542 The decimal places have been changed as needed.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00029-00017542-00018266 To learn how to change the decimal separator in Excel, watch more tutorials by EasyClick Academy.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00030-00018266-00018533 Links are in the description below.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00031-00018533-00019149 If you found this tutorial helpful, give us a like and watch other tutorials by EasyClick Academy.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00032-00019149-00019472 Learn how to use Excel in a quick and easy way!
qFKCcjxfkDc-00033-00019472-00019972 Is this your first time on EasyClick? We’ll be more than happy to welcome you in our online community.
qFKCcjxfkDc-00034-00019972-00020296 Hit that Subscribe button and join the EasyClickers!
qFKCcjxfkDc-00035-00020296-00020510 Thanks for watching and I’ll see you in the next video!
qGffDVBNHH4-00000-00000003-00000488 hi everybody my name is Antoinette and this is board game Inquisition where we're
qGffDVBNHH4-00001-00000488-00000858 here to offer you insight and information about the board games you
qGffDVBNHH4-00002-00000858-00001191 might just want to have in your own collection so today we're going to have
qGffDVBNHH4-00003-00001191-00001778 a little bit of fun and I'm gonna talk about the best board game player boards
qGffDVBNHH4-00004-00002351-00002907 so I'm not gonna lie some of my favorite parts of opening up a new board game and
qGffDVBNHH4-00005-00002907-00003323 setting them up to play it seeing what the actual player board looks like I
qGffDVBNHH4-00006-00003323-00003852 think it often determines you know the type of game you're playing I think it
qGffDVBNHH4-00007-00003852-00004289 also decides how your strategies might evolve based on how everything moves in
qGffDVBNHH4-00008-00004289-00004673 front of you and I always find them really exciting and kind of intriguing
qGffDVBNHH4-00009-00004673-00005217 so I thought it'd be really fun to talk about some of my favorite ones and of
qGffDVBNHH4-00010-00005217-00005562 course there are loads more beyond what I have chosen here today and you can
qGffDVBNHH4-00011-00005562-00005930 totally tell me what they are in the comment box below I love a good player board
qGffDVBNHH4-00012-00005930-00006296 so I'm gonna start right in and of course these are in no particular order
qGffDVBNHH4-00013-00006296-00006711 no favorites were played these are just the ones that came to mind when I'm making
qGffDVBNHH4-00014-00006711-00006968 this list
qGffDVBNHH4-00015-00007601-00008205 let's start with Orleans from tasty minstrel games this is a game about
qGffDVBNHH4-00016-00008205-00008661 basically taking workers from your bag placing the men on your board and
qGffDVBNHH4-00017-00008661-00009144 sending them off to do all kinds of work yeah makes it sound really boring when
qGffDVBNHH4-00018-00009144-00009609 is describe it like that but this player board is something special and it helps
qGffDVBNHH4-00019-00009609-00010026 that your workers come in little disc shapes and so the player board itself
qGffDVBNHH4-00020-00010026-00010470 has a whole host of spaces where you can place your workers these beautiful discs
qGffDVBNHH4-00021-00010470-00010998 and then what actions you can perform using the workers I just think there's
qGffDVBNHH4-00022-00010998-00011340 something really beautiful about how it's all set up in front of you when you
qGffDVBNHH4-00023-00011340-00011718 lay your workers not only to mention that makes the game fairly
qGffDVBNHH4-00024-00011718-00012120 obvious so you understand exactly what's happening well this worker goes here so
qGffDVBNHH4-00025-00012120-00012648 they're gonna do this kind of action I think the way it's set up it's just so
qGffDVBNHH4-00026-00012648-00013097 much fun and cute and it's very very satisfying to place those disks down in
qGffDVBNHH4-00027-00013097-00013691 those spaces so that is orleans from tasty minstrel games
qGffDVBNHH4-00028-00014291-00014875 the next player board I'm a big fan of is part of Terra Mystica from Z-Man Games
qGffDVBNHH4-00029-00014875-00015388 Terra Mystica is essentially a civilization kind of building game where
qGffDVBNHH4-00030-00015388-00015913 you play as a particular race or particular group and you head and you
qGffDVBNHH4-00031-00015913-00016369 place buildings out on the board and grow your cities and your towns and whatnot
qGffDVBNHH4-00032-00016369-00016834 and you know go for victory points the nice thing about your player board is
qGffDVBNHH4-00033-00016834-00017227 that it actually controls most of what you do in the game there's a lot of
qGffDVBNHH4-00034-00017227-00017632 parts to it firstly it holds all of your buildings which I really really like and
qGffDVBNHH4-00035-00017632-00018028 how do you lift them off to place them on the board it reveals certain bonuses
qGffDVBNHH4-00036-00018028-00018469 you'll get from placing those and I like that that's there is a reminder not only
qGffDVBNHH4-00037-00018469-00018904 that how you control magic is also placed on your player board as you move
qGffDVBNHH4-00038-00018904-00019369 these little disks from one Bowl to another to create magic for you to use
qGffDVBNHH4-00039-00019369-00019852 in the game it also has a whole host of other reminders for things you do such a
qGffDVBNHH4-00040-00019852-00020266 things with your shovels or things you can move along and overall I just think
qGffDVBNHH4-00041-00020266-00020677 it's a very compact but very well-organized board I love seeing it
qGffDVBNHH4-00042-00020677-00020974 when it's all set up with all your little houses and all your little buildings
qGffDVBNHH4-00043-00020974-00021343 and it makes it obvious what it is you're supposed to be doing that you're
qGffDVBNHH4-00044-00021343-00022038 removing these to get bonuses underneath so that's Terra Mystica from z-man games
qGffDVBNHH4-00045-00022690-00023301 right so graphical issues aside I really love the player board for castles of
qGffDVBNHH4-00046-00023301-00023906 Burgundy castles of Burgundy is a tile laying game in which he'll drop tiles the place
qGffDVBNHH4-00047-00023906-00024276 into your domain and you're gonna want to group particular tiles together to get
qGffDVBNHH4-00048-00024276-00024759 particular bonuses so your player board consists off basically where you can
qGffDVBNHH4-00049-00024759-00025167 place all these tiles and the way it's arranged together is such that you're gonna
qGffDVBNHH4-00050-00025167-00025565 have to have particular types of tiles grouped together and filling in
qGffDVBNHH4-00051-00025565-00026072 particular areas so that you can get extra things it's nice to look at
qGffDVBNHH4-00052-00026072-00026522 actually the colors on the board itself the way it's all arranged is quite nice
qGffDVBNHH4-00053-00026522-00026907 and you can imagine yourself really kind of building your whole little world
qGffDVBNHH4-00054-00026907-00027444 here I love the way the pieces fit directly onto the board I mean it's very
qGffDVBNHH4-00055-00027444-00027861 clear what it is you're trying to do I think I said this about every game so
qGffDVBNHH4-00056-00027861-00028334 far in this list but I love the satisfaction of fitting in the tile to
qGffDVBNHH4-00057-00028334-00028688 complete the section I think that's what's really special here and it's cool
qGffDVBNHH4-00058-00028688-00029001 watching everything grow as you put all these different buildings or
qGffDVBNHH4-00059-00029001-00029436 different animals out on your board so that's castles of Burgundy and this is
qGffDVBNHH4-00060-00029436-00029726 from Alea games
qGffDVBNHH4-00061-00030306-00030745 so this player board is probably going to be rather controversial but I'm going
qGffDVBNHH4-00062-00030745-00031045 to say it anyway because I still love it and this is the player board for
qGffDVBNHH4-00063-00031045-00031586 terraforming Mars the board for this game is definitely on the thin side but
qGffDVBNHH4-00064-00031586-00032122 I really like how it works and this is that it keeps track of various items or
qGffDVBNHH4-00065-00032122-00032512 goods that you're earning while playing terraforming Mars which is of course a
qGffDVBNHH4-00066-00032512-00032944 game about well terraforming Mars in which you play
qGffDVBNHH4-00067-00032944-00033394 cards and gather money you're big corporations and you're trying to turn
qGffDVBNHH4-00068-00033394-00033886 Mars into something habitable so this board keeps track of all of these things
qGffDVBNHH4-00069-00033886-00034402 that you use and I think it's done quite cleverly and the way the goods can move
qGffDVBNHH4-00070-00034402-00034822 around especially from sections like your heat go.. or your energy goes into
qGffDVBNHH4-00071-00034822-00035333 your Heat and things like that I think make it very easy to track everything
qGffDVBNHH4-00072-00035333-00035650 and it's definitely the core of what you're doing in the game which is very
qGffDVBNHH4-00073-00035650-00036016 Corporationey which is keeping track of all of your resources and all of your
qGffDVBNHH4-00074-00036016-00036562 money I really like it a lot now people don't like this because you use cubes
qGffDVBNHH4-00075-00036562-00036983 right tiny cubes and the cubes like to move and fall around the place when you
qGffDVBNHH4-00076-00036983-00037381 use them on the player boards yes it was a terrible oversight however with the new
qGffDVBNHH4-00077-00037381-00037789 expansion you can buy inset kind of player boards they come in that so
qGffDVBNHH4-00078-00037789-00038191 your cubes don't fall around as much but despite owning those I still go back
qGffDVBNHH4-00079-00038191-00038630 to the original board I don't know why maybe I'm a glutton for punishment but
qGffDVBNHH4-00080-00038630-00038971 I'm still a big fan of how this player board works so that's terraforming Mars
qGffDVBNHH4-00081-00038971-00039306 and that's from stronghold games
qGffDVBNHH4-00082-00039900-00040438 my list wouldn't be complete without yet another Stefan Feld game and this goes
qGffDVBNHH4-00083-00040438-00041053 to Trajan from HUCH! spiele and your player boards in this is essentially a
qGffDVBNHH4-00084-00041053-00041609 roundel so it's a big circle in which you're moving different colors cubes or
qGffDVBNHH4-00085-00041609-00041933 They're not even cubes but little cylinders around and you're connecting
qGffDVBNHH4-00086-00041933-00042350 them up together  to perform actions and if I were to try and
qGffDVBNHH4-00087-00042350-00042728 tell you what this game is about well it's about being Roman as far as I can
qGffDVBNHH4-00088-00042728-00043112 understand it's a dry euro it's not particularly thematic but it's a very
qGffDVBNHH4-00089-00043112-00043483 very good one basically you're performing actions I have on the board
qGffDVBNHH4-00090-00043483-00043990 you know so you're getting favoring in the Senate you're expanding your going and
qGffDVBNHH4-00091-00043990-00044419 trading with ships that kind of stuff Roman stuff but on your boards to be
qGffDVBNHH4-00092-00044419-00044737 able to do any of these actions you have to line up your cylinders so that they
qGffDVBNHH4-00093-00044737-00045094 all end up in the same place and you start with quite a number of them so you
qGffDVBNHH4-00094-00045094-00045409 have to plan your turns out and everything moves around in a beautiful
qGffDVBNHH4-00095-00045409-00046075 circle and I love it I think it's genius I love the fact that you don't do this
qGffDVBNHH4-00096-00046075-00046511 action for using the roundel on a big wheel or a big part of the board no it's
qGffDVBNHH4-00097-00046511-00046978 your personal one and you're forever looking at it and trying to work out the
qGffDVBNHH4-00098-00046978-00047352 next step I think it's very well laid out and I also think it's really ingenious
qGffDVBNHH4-00099-00047352-00047783 and it's one that I really really love when I see it all set up on your player
qGffDVBNHH4-00100-00047783-00048268 board so that is Trajan from HUCH! spiele
qGffDVBNHH4-00101-00048874-00049322 some of the greatest player boards I've ever come across belong to captain sonar
qGffDVBNHH4-00102-00049322-00049832 from Matagot games captain' sonar is a cooperative game in which you split into
qGffDVBNHH4-00103-00049832-00050402 teams and you're trying to find each others submarine and obviously sink it so
qGffDVBNHH4-00104-00050402-00050744 how this works is you basically you split into two teams and you set up this
qGffDVBNHH4-00105-00050744-00051275 board between you so that nobody can see and what the other is doing each person
qGffDVBNHH4-00106-00051275-00051691 on your team takes on a role on the submarine so someone's gonna be the one
qGffDVBNHH4-00107-00051691-00052042 to track you know where you're going that's like the captain there's going to
qGffDVBNHH4-00108-00052042-00052358 be someone who tracks where the enemy says they're going there'll be someone
qGffDVBNHH4-00109-00052358-00052811 who's in charge of the weapons and such I think this is just really really fun
qGffDVBNHH4-00110-00052811-00053312 and everything you get is on acetate so you use white board markers to wipe it out
qGffDVBNHH4-00111-00053312-00053726 and I think these are really fun player boards because they're really
qGffDVBNHH4-00112-00053726-00054200 immersive like you're taking on this is your job with your pieces of cards and
qGffDVBNHH4-00113-00054200-00054527 you know you've got to do your best to do it to get ready to man the torpedoes
qGffDVBNHH4-00114-00054527-00055052 or they've gone round that island we can block them off at the pass it really
qGffDVBNHH4-00115-00055052-00055478 feeds into the game itself actually it is the cool basically all that this game
qGffDVBNHH4-00116-00055478-00055949 is apart from imagination and I think that that's a really clever move on
qGffDVBNHH4-00117-00055949-00056379 their part but giving you this very specific player with a very specific job
qGffDVBNHH4-00118-00056379-00057014 you really fall into that role and I absolutely love seeing those I think
qGffDVBNHH4-00119-00057014-00057649 they're fantastic player boards so that is captain sonar for Matago games
qGffDVBNHH4-00120-00058244-00058294 so this is probably the most fun game on the list and this is the quacks of quidlinberg
qGffDVBNHH4-00121-00058294-00059432 and it is published by North Star Games I believe so Quacks of
qGffDVBNHH4-00122-00059432-00059886 Quidlinberg is a game where you are indeed a quack doctor and you're trying to make
qGffDVBNHH4-00123-00059886-00060399 all sorts of potions and so what you do during the game is you take items out of
qGffDVBNHH4-00124-00060399-00060731 your bag and you place them into your potion and the aim of the game is to
qGffDVBNHH4-00125-00060731-00061110 have them not explode so certain ones that will explode and as if you play too
qGffDVBNHH4-00126-00061110-00061548 many of those everything goes poof so your player board in this case is a
qGffDVBNHH4-00127-00061548-00062085 giant pot how cool with all of these numbers around it to determine you know
qGffDVBNHH4-00128-00062085-00062586 how far along you get on your potion or how long before it explodes I mean the
qGffDVBNHH4-00129-00062586-00063014 kind of bonuses you'll get for you know making a good potion I really really
qGffDVBNHH4-00130-00063014-00063354 like these especially when you pull them out they're quite big and I love that
qGffDVBNHH4-00131-00063354-00063731 everybody has their own pot to play with I think it really fits well with
qGffDVBNHH4-00132-00063731-00064079 the game I think they're really really fun as well and they're beautifully
qGffDVBNHH4-00133-00064079-00064679 colored so as always I'm kind of impressed with the Quacks of Quidlinberg
qGffDVBNHH4-00134-00065271-00065686 one of the greatest strengths of the player boards from Scythe from Stonemaier
qGffDVBNHH4-00135-00065686-00066196 Games is just how versatile and interchangeable they are Scythe is a game
qGffDVBNHH4-00136-00066196-00066751 where you are a faction leader in kind of an alternative timeline 1920s in
qGffDVBNHH4-00137-00066751-00067090 Russia kind of feel and you're heading out upon the map you're trying to
qGffDVBNHH4-00138-00067090-00067651 enhance your industry build robots grow farms that kind of stuff and it's all
qGffDVBNHH4-00139-00067651-00067975 very very beautiful and of course is really entertaining
qGffDVBNHH4-00140-00067975-00068422 what's cool about your player boards is they come in two halves and these denote
qGffDVBNHH4-00141-00068422-00068826 the kind of actions you can take on your turns so things like moving
qGffDVBNHH4-00142-00068826-00069547 producing building creating mechs and such and when you do the top half of an
qGffDVBNHH4-00143-00069547-00069919 action you can also do the bottom half of an action and I think this is where
qGffDVBNHH4-00144-00069919-00070291 it gets really really interesting because the boards are interchangeable
qGffDVBNHH4-00145-00070291-00070825 you don't necessarily have the top a bottom action every time you play I love
qGffDVBNHH4-00146-00070825-00071197 the fact that those actions are put together like that on that player boards
qGffDVBNHH4-00147-00071197-00071662 not only that they're recessed in parts too so that you can upgrade parts of
qGffDVBNHH4-00148-00071662-00072097 your board and certain pieces will move around and reveal other things and I
qGffDVBNHH4-00149-00072097-00072544 think that just makes it extra exciting not only that these are very beautiful player
qGffDVBNHH4-00150-00072544-00072994 boards with continued pieces of art and scythe is full of great art but also on
qGffDVBNHH4-00151-00072994-00073342 the player boards I think that's a really really nice touch so if you want
qGffDVBNHH4-00152-00073342-00073935 something intricate and interesting then these are great player boards
qGffDVBNHH4-00153-00074510-00075048 and I do declare I saved the best till last folks and this goes to the taverns
qGffDVBNHH4-00154-00075048-00075531 of thiefenthal from Schmidt spiele and this is a game in which you're running a
qGffDVBNHH4-00155-00075531-00076025 tavern and you know what your player board is? it's a tavern and not only that
qGffDVBNHH4-00156-00076025-00076469 but it's got interchangeable pieces kind of like a jigsaw puzzle that you pop it
qGffDVBNHH4-00157-00076469-00077006 in and onto your player board so as you upgrade things as well you pop out pieces
qGffDVBNHH4-00158-00077006-00077424 and flip them over so you start out with three tables in your tavern well
qGffDVBNHH4-00159-00077424-00077943 you can upgrade it to four you can add certain things and take away other
qGffDVBNHH4-00160-00077943-00078470 things and I think that's just so so cool and there's a lot of touches on
qGffDVBNHH4-00161-00078470-00078924 this player board as well like the fact that your inn is actually named I just
qGffDVBNHH4-00162-00078924-00079331 I love how it's all put together and I always am filled with a bit of childlike
qGffDVBNHH4-00163-00079331-00079725 Glee when you're assembling your tavern so you're popping in your pieces you
qGffDVBNHH4-00164-00079725-00080268 flip this over and I just think it's so tactile but also you know
qGffDVBNHH4-00165-00080268-00080819 practical these are all things that give you bonuses because its core this is a
qGffDVBNHH4-00166-00080819-00081261 dice drafting game and you'll get dice for particular numbers will allow you to
qGffDVBNHH4-00167-00081261-00081675 perform specific actions you know you've heard that before but the way it's
qGffDVBNHH4-00168-00081675-00082208 implemented here it's just so damn cool and I don't think I'll ever stop being
qGffDVBNHH4-00169-00082208-00082587 excited when we pull the player board for taverns of thiefenthal out of the
qGffDVBNHH4-00170-00082587-00083067 box so that rounds out my list for the best player boards or these the best player
qGffDVBNHH4-00171-00083067-00083592 boards in board games according to me it's not an exhaustive list but I hope
qGffDVBNHH4-00172-00083592-00084044 you have fun with it like I did tune in again for some more short and informative
qGffDVBNHH4-00173-00084044-00084356 board game reviews that's what I normally do but I also have a lot of fun
qGffDVBNHH4-00174-00084356-00084624 making these lists so maybe they'll be more in the future
qGffDVBNHH4-00175-00084624-00085061 so until then everybody take care bye bye
qGPEr_YT5bU-00000-00000080-00000280 What if just one lifestyle change
qGPEr_YT5bU-00001-00000280-00000560 could help you avoid getting cancer,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00002-00000560-00000744 or diabetes, or heart disease,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00003-00000744-00000888 or high blood pressure?
qGPEr_YT5bU-00004-00000888-00001216 This one change could cut your risk of chronic disease
qGPEr_YT5bU-00005-00001216-00001400 and add years to your life.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00006-00001472-00001776 Well, the simple solution to so many of these problems
qGPEr_YT5bU-00007-00001776-00002007 is to eat a healthy diet.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00008-00002007-00002352 In other words, one centered around whole plant foods.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00009-00002432-00002704 Welcome to the Nutrition Facts Podcast,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00010-00002704-00002984 I'm your host, Dr. Michael Greger.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00011-00003048-00003392 There is a lot of demand for information about fasting.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00012-00003392-00003536 And as luck would have it,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00013-00003536-00003824 more and more research is released every day.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00014-00003904-00004408 Today we look at the practice of fasting to reverse type 2 diabetes.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00015-00004408-00004744 Currently, nearly half a billion adults have diabetes,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00016-00004744-00005144 and a 50% increase is expected in another generation.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00017-00005144-00005512 I've got tons of videos on the best diets for diabetes,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00018-00005512-00005968 but what about no diet at all? More than a century ago,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00019-00005968-00006272 fasting was said to bring about the cure of diabetes,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00020-00006272-00006616 speedily arresting its development and causing complete disappearance
qGPEr_YT5bU-00021-00006616-00006904 of all its manifestations in several days or weeks.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00022-00006968-00007248 Even so, starvation is guaranteed to lead to
qGPEr_YT5bU-00023-00007248-00007744 the complete disappearance of you, if kept up long enough.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00024-00007744-00008128 What's the point of fasting it away, if it's just going to come raging back
qGPEr_YT5bU-00025-00008128-00008600 as soon as you restart the diet that caused it in the first place?
qGPEr_YT5bU-00026-00008600-00008936 Might it be useful to kind of kickstart a healthier diet?
qGPEr_YT5bU-00027-00008936-00009184 Let's see what the science says.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00028-00009248-00009624 Type 2 diabetes has long been recognized as a disease of excess,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00029-00009624-00009832 a disease of the idle rich,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00030-00009832-00010088 by which they mean anyone who doesn't practice
qGPEr_YT5bU-00031-00010088-00010336 sustained vigorous bodily exertion every day,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00032-00010336-00010632 and earning enough to regularly eat more than they need.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00033-00010632-00011136 So diabetes is preventable, but then maybe it's also treatable.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00034-00011208-00011904 If we are dying of overeating, maybe we can be saved by undereating.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00035-00011904-00012432 Remarkably this was suggested about 2,000 years ago in an Ayurvedic text.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00036-00012496-00012863 Diabetics were encouraged to live like a saint, walk for, oh,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00037-00012952-00013616 800 or 900 miles, dig a pond, or live only on cow dung and cow urine.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00038-00013704-00014272 That reminds me of the Rollo diet for diabetes proposed in 1797,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00039-00014272-00014840 composed of a diet of rancid meat. That was on top of the ipecac-like drugs
qGPEr_YT5bU-00040-00014840-00015152 he used to produce severe sickness and vomiting.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00041-00015232-00015752 Anything that produces sickness has a temporary effect in relieving diabetes
qGPEr_YT5bU-00042-00015752-00016056 by diminishing the quantity of food eaten.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00043-00016056-00016440 And his diet plan — congealed blood for lunch
qGPEr_YT5bU-00044-00016440-00016840 and spoiled meat for dinner — certainly had that effect.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00045-00016904-00017264 Similar benefits were seen in diabetics during the siege of Paris
qGPEr_YT5bU-00046-00017264-00017560 in the Franco-Prussian War, leading to the advice to
qGPEr_YT5bU-00047-00017652-00018176 'mangez le moins possible' (eat as little as possible).
qGPEr_YT5bU-00048-00018176-00018552 That was formalized into the Allen Starvation treatment,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00049-00018552-00018864 considered to be the greatest medical advance in the treatment of diabetes
qGPEr_YT5bU-00050-00018864-00019496 prior to the discovery of insulin. Before insulin, there was the Allen Era.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00051-00019584-00020120 He noted reports in the clinical literature of even severe diabetics clearing up
qGPEr_YT5bU-00052-00020120-00020720 on wasting diseases like tuberculosis, so he decided to put it to the test.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00053-00020720-00021040 He found that even the most severe type of diabetes,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00054-00021040-00021384 he could clear sugar from people's urine within 10 days.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00055-00021448-00021800 Of course, that's the easy part. It's maintaining it
qGPEr_YT5bU-00056-00021800-00022232 once you start eating again, for which he stuck to two principles:
qGPEr_YT5bU-00057-00022232-00022584 keeping them underweight and restricting the quantity of fat.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00058-00022664-00023024 A severe diabetic can be symptom-free for days or weeks,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00059-00023024-00023576 but add some butter or olive oil and the disease can come raging back.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00060-00023640-00024120 As I covered before, diabetes is a disease of fat toxicity.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00061-00024120-00024392 Infuse fat into people's veins through an IV,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00062-00024392-00024704 and by using a high-tech type of MRI scanner,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00063-00024704-00025112 you can show in real time the buildup of fat in muscle cells within hours,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00064-00025112-00025408 accompanied by an increase in insulin resistance.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00065-00025464-00025800 The same thing happens when you put people on a high-fat diet for three days,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00066-00025856-00026039 or even just one day,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00067-00026160-00026783 or even just a single meal can increase insulin resistance within six hours.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00068-00026920-00027320 Acute dietary fat intake rapidly increases insulin resistance.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00069-00027424-00027639 Why do we care? Because insulin resistance
qGPEr_YT5bU-00070-00027639-00027976 in our muscles, in the context of too many calories, leads to
qGPEr_YT5bU-00071-00027976-00028392 the buildup of liver fat, which leads to the buildup of fat in the pancreas,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00072-00028392-00028720 which is eventually what causes diabetes.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00073-00028720-00029016 Type 2 diabetes can now be understood as a state
qGPEr_YT5bU-00074-00029016-00029200 of excess fat in the liver and pancreas
qGPEr_YT5bU-00075-00029200-00029608 and remains reversible for at least 10 years in most individuals.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00076-00029664-00030000 Put people on a very low-calorie diet, 700 calories a day,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00077-00030000-00030248 and fat can get sucked out of your muscle cells,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00078-00030248-00030520 and you get a corresponding boost in insulin sensitivity.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00079-00030520-00030688 Fat is then sucked out of your liver,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00080-00030688-00031016 and if you keep it up the fat gets sucked out of your pancreas.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00081-00031016-00031392 And if you catch it early enough that can mean a reversal
qGPEr_YT5bU-00082-00031392-00031864 of your type 2 diabetes, meaning normal sugars on a normal diet.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00083-00031992-00032416 With the loss of 15% of body weight, nearly 90% of those who've had
qGPEr_YT5bU-00084-00032416-00032704 type 2 diabetes for less than four years can achieve remission,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00085-00032768-00033176 where it may only be reversible in 50% of those who've lived with the disease
qGPEr_YT5bU-00086-00033176-00033376 for longer than eight years.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00087-00033376-00033864 That's better than bariatric surgery, where those losing even more weight
qGPEr_YT5bU-00088-00033864-00034216 only got 62 and 26% remissions.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00089-00034216-00034624 Your forks are better than the surgeon's knives.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00090-00034728-00035112 Here's how much weight you have to lose to achieve various remission rates
qGPEr_YT5bU-00091-00035112-00035392 for those who've had diabetes for an average of three years.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00092-00035464-00035856 Lose about 30 pounds and most newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics
qGPEr_YT5bU-00093-00035856-00036392 can reverse their disease. So an extended bout of physician-supervised,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00094-00036392-00036688 water-only fasting could get you there,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00095-00036760-00037024 but you have to maintain the weight loss.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00096-00037104-00037272 One of the things we can say with certainty
qGPEr_YT5bU-00097-00037272-00037728 is that if you regain the weight, you regain your diabetes.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00098-00037728-00038008 To bring it full circle, the initial euphoria about
qGPEr_YT5bU-00099-00038064-00038432 medicine's greatest miracle, the discovery of insulin in 1921,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00100-00038432-00038936 soon gave way to the realization that while it was literally a life-saver
qGPEr_YT5bU-00101-00038936-00039376 for type 1 diabetics, the use of insulin on its own in type 2 diabetics
qGPEr_YT5bU-00102-00039376-00039688 would not be enough to prevent the later onset of complications
qGPEr_YT5bU-00103-00039688-00040048 like kidney failure, blindness, stroke, amputations.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00104-00040048-00040696 So, as argued by one the most famous diabetes pioneers, Elliot Joslin,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00105-00040696-00041208 self-discipline on diet and exercise, as it was in the days prior to insulin,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00106-00041208-00041536 should be central to the management of diabetes.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00107-00041656-00041936 Did you know that caloric restriction
qGPEr_YT5bU-00108-00041936-00042280 can boost levels of brain- derived neurotrophic factor,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00109-00042280-00042508 otherwise known as BDNF?
qGPEr_YT5bU-00110-00042508-00042831 In fact, I just wrote a chapter on it
qGPEr_YT5bU-00111-00042831-00043082 in my upcoming book, "How Not to Age".
qGPEr_YT5bU-00112-00043082-00043315 Anyway, here's the story.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00113-00043382-00043656 For over a century, fasting has been espoused as a treatment
qGPEr_YT5bU-00114-00043656-00043992 of supposed “great utility in the preservation of health,”
qGPEr_YT5bU-00115-00043992-00044416 especially rejuvenating the body, but above all the mind.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00116-00044416-00044912 But fast people even just 18 hours, and they get all hungry and irritable.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00117-00044912-00045264 After one or two days positive mood goes down, negative mood goes up,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00118-00045264-00045632 and by 72 hours people can feel sad, self-blaming,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00119-00045632-00045800 and suffer a loss in libido.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00120-00045904-00046216 But then something strange starts to happen.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00121-00046296-00046872 After a few days, people experience a “fasting-induced mood enhancement…
qGPEr_YT5bU-00122-00046872-00047224 decreased anxiety, depression, fatigue, and improved vigor.”
qGPEr_YT5bU-00123-00047224-00047568 And that’s what studies tend to show across the board.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00124-00047568-00047832 Once you get over the hump, fasters frequently experience
qGPEr_YT5bU-00125-00047832-00048112 “an increased level of vigilance and… mood improvement,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00126-00048112-00048600 a subjective feeling of well-being, and sometimes [even] euphoria.”
qGPEr_YT5bU-00127-00048600-00048920 And no wonder, as by then your endorphin levels
qGPEr_YT5bU-00128-00048920-00049208 may shoot up nearly 50 percent.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00129-00049208-00049472 This enhancement of mood, alertness, and calm
qGPEr_YT5bU-00130-00049472-00049720 makes a certain amount of evolutionary sense.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00131-00049784-00050104 Yeah, your body wants you to feel crappy initially
qGPEr_YT5bU-00132-00050104-00050416 so you continue eating day to day when food is available,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00133-00050416-00050792 but if you go a couple days without food your body realizes
qGPEr_YT5bU-00134-00050792-00051104 it can’t have you moping back in the cave—you’ve got to
qGPEr_YT5bU-00135-00051104-00051440 get motivated to get out there and find some calories.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00136-00051440-00051984 So, can fasting be used for mood disorders like depression?
qGPEr_YT5bU-00137-00051984-00052224 Yeah, it’s great that you can get people to feel better
qGPEr_YT5bU-00138-00052224-00052479 after a few days of fasting, but the critical question
qGPEr_YT5bU-00139-00052479-00052855 revolves around “the persistence of mood improvement over time”
qGPEr_YT5bU-00140-00052855-00053000 once you start eating again.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00141-00053072-00053544 You don’t know until... you put it to the test.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00142-00053544-00053896 Interestingly, the little published evidence we have comes out of
qGPEr_YT5bU-00143-00053896-00054439 Japan and the former Soviet Union, and some of it is just ridiculous.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00144-00054496-00054832 Ten days of fasting, but they also kept them in bed all day
qGPEr_YT5bU-00145-00054832-00055120 completely isolated, with no contact with the outside world.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00146-00055120-00055367 So, if people got better or worse it would be impossible
qGPEr_YT5bU-00147-00055367-00055608 to tease out the effects of just the fasting component.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00148-00055608-00055960 But they did apparently get better with efficacy supposedly
qGPEr_YT5bU-00149-00055960-00056408 demonstrated in 31 out of 36 patients suffering from depression.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00150-00056408-00056679 They conclude that fasting therapy may provide an alternative
qGPEr_YT5bU-00151-00056679-00056944 to the use of antidepressant drugs,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00152-00056944-00057240 considering it “a kind of shock therapy.”
qGPEr_YT5bU-00153-00057240-00057488 People are so relieved to just be eating again,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00154-00057488-00057655 to get out of solitary confinement,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00155-00057655-00058048 to even just get out of bed they report feeling better.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00156-00058144-00058360 Yeah, but that was at the time of discharge.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00157-00058360-00058696 How did they feel the next day, the next week, the next month?
qGPEr_YT5bU-00158-00058784-00059200 Fasting is by definition unsustainable, so ideally what we want to see
qGPEr_YT5bU-00159-00059200-00059432 are some kind of longer-lasting effects.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00160-00059512-00059832 So, what the researchers did was follow-up with a few hundred patients,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00161-00059832-00060167 not just a few months later but a few years later.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00162-00060167-00060408 Of the 69 who were evidently suffering from depression,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00163-00060408-00060648 90 percent reported feeling good or excellent results
qGPEr_YT5bU-00164-00060648-00061079 at the end of the 10-day fast and remarkably, years later
qGPEr_YT5bU-00165-00061079-00061455 87 percent of the 62 that replied claimed that they were
qGPEr_YT5bU-00166-00061455-00061608 still doing good. 
qGPEr_YT5bU-00167-00061608-00061832 Now there was no control group, so we don’t know
qGPEr_YT5bU-00168-00061832-00062136 if they would have done just as well or better without the fast,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00169-00062136-00062536 and it was just self-reports, so maybe there was response bias
qGPEr_YT5bU-00170-00062536-00062952 where you try to please the researchers, or maybe they were afraid
qGPEr_YT5bU-00171-00062952-00063176 otherwise they’d get sent back to the hole.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00172-00063176-00063408 We have no idea, but we do have good evidence
qGPEr_YT5bU-00173-00063408-00063800 for the short-term mood benefits. The question is why.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00174-00063800-00064172 In addition to the endorphins when you fast and the surge in serotonin,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00175-00064172-00064655 the so-called happiness hormone, there is a bump in BDNF,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00176-00064655-00064855 brain-derived neurotrophic factor,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00177-00064855-00065176 considered to play a crucial role in mood disorders.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00178-00065232-00065576 And it’s not just because you perk up rodents with it.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00179-00065576-00065840 Humans with major depression have lower levels
qGPEr_YT5bU-00180-00065840-00065992 circulating in their blood stream.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00181-00065992-00066400 Autopsy studies of suicide victims show only about half the BDNF
qGPEr_YT5bU-00182-00066400-00066664 in certain key brain regions compared to controls,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00183-00066664-00066984 suggesting it may play an important role in suicidal behavior.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00184-00066984-00067272 You can boost BDNF with antidepressant drugs
qGPEr_YT5bU-00185-00067272-00067736 and electroshock, or with calorie restriction—a 70 percent boost
qGPEr_YT5bU-00186-00067736-00068128 in levels after three months cutting 25 percent of calories out of their daily diet.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00187-00068232-00068488 What effect does fasting and a plant-based diet
qGPEr_YT5bU-00188-00068488-00068784 have on traumatic brain injury and migraines?
qGPEr_YT5bU-00189-00068880-00068968 Let’s find out.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00190-00069064-00069480 An uncontrolled and unpublished study purported to show a beneficial effect
qGPEr_YT5bU-00191-00069480-00069864 of fasting on migraine headaches, but fasting may be more likely
qGPEr_YT5bU-00192-00069864-00070296 to trigger a migraine than help it. In fact, skipped meals
qGPEr_YT5bU-00193-00070296-00070512 are among one of the most consistently identified
qGPEr_YT5bU-00194-00070512-00070752 dietary triggers of headaches in general.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00195-00070824-00071248 In a review of hundreds of fasts at the TrueNorth Health Center in California,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00196-00071248-00071728 the incidence of headache was nearly one in three, but TrueNorth also
qGPEr_YT5bU-00197-00071728-00072216 published a remarkable case report on post-traumatic headache.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00198-00072304-00072608 The CDC estimates that more than a million Americans sustain
qGPEr_YT5bU-00199-00072608-00072952 traumatic brain injuries every year, and chronic pain
qGPEr_YT5bU-00200-00072952-00073352 is a common complication, as in like three-quarters
qGPEr_YT5bU-00201-00073352-00073504 suffering such an injury.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00202-00073504-00073928 There are drugs, of course, to treat it. There are always drugs.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00203-00073928-00074256 And if that doesn't work, surgery: cutting the nerves to your head
qGPEr_YT5bU-00204-00074256-00074688 to stop the pain. Well, what about fasting and plants?
qGPEr_YT5bU-00205-00074688-00074960 A highly debilitating condition, difficult to manage,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00206-00074960-00075304 a 52-year-old woman presents with unremitting,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00207-00075304-00075504 chronic post-traumatic headache.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00208-00075504-00076128 And when I say chronic, I mean chronic---pain for 16 years---
qGPEr_YT5bU-00209-00076128-00076480 but who then achieved long-term relief following fasting,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00210-00076480-00076976 followed by an exclusively plant-based diet, free of added sugar, oil, or salt.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00211-00076976-00077432 Before then she had tried drug after drug, after drug, after drug,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00212-00077432-00077920 after drug with no relief, suffering in constant pain her entire life.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00213-00077920-00078280 Started out in constant pain, but then after the fast,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00214-00078280-00078592 the intensity of her pain was cut in half, and though she was still having
qGPEr_YT5bU-00215-00078592-00079016 daily headaches, at least there were some pain-free periods.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00216-00079016-00079296 Six months later she tried it again, and eventually her headaches
qGPEr_YT5bU-00217-00079296-00079576 were mild, under 10 minutes, and infrequent,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00218-00079576-00079984 and she continued that way months and even years later.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00219-00080048-00080280 Now, of course, it's hard to disentangle the effects
qGPEr_YT5bU-00220-00080280-00080592 of the fasting from the effects of the whole food plant-based diet
qGPEr_YT5bU-00221-00080592-00080832 she remained on those ensuing years.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00222-00080912-00081368 You've heard of analgesics---painkillers. Well, there are some foods that may be
qGPEr_YT5bU-00223-00081368-00081912 pro-algesic: pain promoting, such as foods high in arachidonic acid,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00224-00081912-00082160 which includes include meats, dairy, and eggs.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00225-00082160-00082600 So the lowering of arachidonic acid, from which our body makes a range
qGPEr_YT5bU-00226-00082600-00082928 of pro-inflammatory compounds, may be accomplished by eating
qGPEr_YT5bU-00227-00082928-00083216 a more plant-based diet. So maybe that contributed
qGPEr_YT5bU-00228-00083216-00083464 to the benefit in the fasting case.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00229-00083464-00083864 Whereas many plant foods are high in anti-inflammatory components.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00230-00083864-00084240 So in terms of migraine headaches, more plant foods and less animal foods
qGPEr_YT5bU-00231-00084240-00084688 may help, but you don't know until you put it to the test.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00232-00084744-00085096 The researchers figured a plant-based diet may offer the best of both worlds,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00233-00085096-00085408 so they designed a randomized, controlled crossover study
qGPEr_YT5bU-00234-00085408-00085656 where those with recurrent migraines were randomized
qGPEr_YT5bU-00235-00085656-00086072 to eat a strictly plant-based diet or to take a placebo pill.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00236-00086072-00086456 And then the groups switched. During the placebo phase
qGPEr_YT5bU-00237-00086456-00086784 half said the pain got better, half said the pain remained the same
qGPEr_YT5bU-00238-00086784-00087288 or got worse, but during the dietary portion they almost all got better.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00239-00087360-00087736 During that first block, the diet group experienced significant improvements
qGPEr_YT5bU-00240-00087736-00087904 in headache number, pain intensity,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00241-00087904-00088136 days with headaches, and a reduction in the amount
qGPEr_YT5bU-00242-00088136-00088632 of painkillers they needed to take. In fact, it worked a little too good.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00243-00088632-00088928 Many individuals were unwilling to complete the study
qGPEr_YT5bU-00244-00088928-00089312 by returning to their previous diets. Remember, they were supposed to
qGPEr_YT5bU-00245-00089312-00089600 go back to their regular diets and take a pill instead,
qGPEr_YT5bU-00246-00089600-00090008 but they felt so much better that they were like, "No way, José."
qGPEr_YT5bU-00247-00090008-00090328 And we've seen this with other trials, where those trying plant-based diets
qGPEr_YT5bU-00248-00090328-00090800 felt so good, they often refused to abandon them, screwing up the study.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00249-00090800-00091224 So plant-based diets can sometimes work a little too well.
qGPEr_YT5bU-00250-00091352-00091632 We would love it if you could share with us your stories
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qHB03u2Jbo8-00000-00000000-00000938 Thank you for coming. Didn't give you a lot of notice, but thank you. Let me see, where do I start?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00001-00000938-00001860 I guess, I guess we better start from the very beginning and that's just
qHB03u2Jbo8-00002-00001860-00003094 this. From my announcement to run, you know I have I have tried to stand
qHB03u2Jbo8-00003-00003094-00004039 rock-solid with the common everyday West Virginian. I mean that's what I want,
qHB03u2Jbo8-00004-00004039-00004614 goodness for in every way. I've stood rock solid behind education being our
qHB03u2Jbo8-00005-00004614-00005717 centerpiece. Now we surely have a dilemma that's going on and on and on and so I
qHB03u2Jbo8-00006-00005717-00006327 will promise you this, too, that no one has worked this harder than I to try to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00007-00006327-00006888 come to a solution and to come to compromise because at the end of the day
qHB03u2Jbo8-00008-00006888-00007472 that's what this process is supposed to be about. So over the weekend on Friday
qHB03u2Jbo8-00009-00007472-00008553 evening I could see, you know, where groups and individuals were becoming
qHB03u2Jbo8-00010-00008553-00009663 even more polarized and so I thought, you know,  it's time to to quit saying
qHB03u2Jbo8-00011-00009663-00010434 what we won't do and for sure say what we will do. So I called Mitch Carmichael
qHB03u2Jbo8-00012-00010434-00010914 and I called Tim Armstead and I asked them if they would come in on Saturday
qHB03u2Jbo8-00013-00010914-00011696 morning and meet me, and we did, and basically I said I want to know exactly
qHB03u2Jbo8-00014-00011696-00012582 where you're going to go. Where are you going to go if we have no resolution
qHB03u2Jbo8-00015-00012582-00013258 where we're at, and so, the net-net of what they said was,
qHB03u2Jbo8-00016-00013258-00014697 I want to show you the Carmichael side. Mitch's plan was if the PIT comes
qHB03u2Jbo8-00017-00014697-00015454 out then they've got to go back to the 4.055, which really now turns into a
qHB03u2Jbo8-00018-00015454-00016792 4.01, and they've got to then basically... you left out part of this... if we go to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00019-00016792-00017728 4.1 you're going to have versus a 4.37, you're
qHB03u2Jbo8-00020-00017728-00018352 going to have a two hundred and seventy million dollar hole that has to come
qHB03u2Jbo8-00021-00018352-00019117 from cuts. If you plug in the revenue increase of a hundred million you're
qHB03u2Jbo8-00022-00019117-00019893 going to still have a hundred and seventy million dollar shortfall, now
qHB03u2Jbo8-00023-00019893-00020695 Mitch said they don't want to do this but this is the only place they have to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00024-00020695-00021228 turn. Now show them Armsteads
qHB03u2Jbo8-00025-00021700-00022672 Tim says that if the PIT comes out they're going to go back to a 6%
qHB03u2Jbo8-00026-00022672-00023416 consumer sales tax, the same broadening is going to be there, except what's going
qHB03u2Jbo8-00027-00023416-00024106 to come in is direct use transportation exclusive of coal hauling. What's going
qHB03u2Jbo8-00028-00024106-00024562 to go out is the contracting broadening exemption you know it's going to go back
qHB03u2Jbo8-00029-00024562-00025090 to the way it was, the Social Security could go to a hundred thousand over
qHB03u2Jbo8-00030-00025090-00025666 three years, the personal exemption, they're good with going from two
qHB03u2Jbo8-00031-00025666-00026380 thousand twenty five hundred what's coming out is the teachers pay raise, all
qHB03u2Jbo8-00032-00026380-00027082 the tourism, SOS money, is coming out. There has to be an additional cut to WVU
qHB03u2Jbo8-00033-00027082-00027985 and to Marshall of 2%, and the gas tax would go to the bonding and be voted
qHB03u2Jbo8-00034-00027985-00028819 on at that time. The net after you do all that is there still is going to be a
qHB03u2Jbo8-00035-00028819-00029302 hole and that hole is argumentative whether it's going to be forty or
qHB03u2Jbo8-00036-00029302-00029889 seventy million dollars but there's going to have to be more cuts beyond
qHB03u2Jbo8-00037-00029889-00030291 this. We know the teachers they raise will come out of this,
qHB03u2Jbo8-00038-00030291-00030820 we know the SOS money to come, out we know additional cuts to Marshall and WV
qHB03u2Jbo8-00039-00030820-00031354 you would happen, and then, and we know the gas tax would go to a vote and then
qHB03u2Jbo8-00040-00031354-00031945 they're still going to be forty to seventy million dollars of a hole. Now
qHB03u2Jbo8-00041-00031945-00032508 that's Tim's plan if there's nowhere else to go.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00042-00032508-00033054 That's what it has to be.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00043-00033230-00033958 Now, here's what I did; and I want everybody to hear me loud and clear on this. I have
qHB03u2Jbo8-00044-00033958-00034986 from day one said that the wealthy need to step up. The wealthiest of our people
qHB03u2Jbo8-00045-00034986-00035775 need to step up. I have proposed a wealthy West Virginians tax I would be
qHB03u2Jbo8-00046-00035775-00036192 first to say than anybody that has an income greater than three hundred
qHB03u2Jbo8-00047-00036192-00036963 thousand dollars a year, let's don't give them anything. I propose that to Mitch
qHB03u2Jbo8-00048-00036963-00037758 and to Tim when they were here I said you've got to let me go with this. They
qHB03u2Jbo8-00049-00037758-00038520 agreed, they didn't like it, but they agreed that anybody that has an income
qHB03u2Jbo8-00050-00038520-00039297 greater than $300,000 gets nothing in the PIT. Nothing, and that's how I think it
qHB03u2Jbo8-00051-00039297-00039768 ought to be. Now showing my plan.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00052-00040052-00040740 Now this basically is my plan. It's the PIT but let's go to the middle
qHB03u2Jbo8-00053-00040740-00041253 that box... I said get helping the rich out of your
qHB03u2Jbo8-00054-00041253-00041837 mind once and for all. Take that off the table
qHB03u2Jbo8-00055-00041837-00042661 that should not be there. There is zero tax benefit coming to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00056-00042661-00043425 anybody's got a $300,000 income. I said we've got to come up with a way to get
qHB03u2Jbo8-00057-00043425-00044091 through this trigger issue so no matter what Eric Nelson's triggers are and I
qHB03u2Jbo8-00058-00044091-00044643 know everybody believes that Eric will protect this state and he will do it in
qHB03u2Jbo8-00059-00044643-00045231 a prudent way, we've got to quit arguing about what the triggers are and go with
qHB03u2Jbo8-00060-00045231-00046134 his triggers. They agreed. They agree. Now so it's exactly the plan it's the same
qHB03u2Jbo8-00061-00046134-00046674 broadening contracting is coming out direct use transportation goes in it
qHB03u2Jbo8-00062-00046674-00047433 goes to a 6.35 sales tax not 6.5, 6.35 and it has
qHB03u2Jbo8-00063-00047433-00048168 all the good, all the good. Now I didn't list every bit of it but it's a personal
qHB03u2Jbo8-00064-00048168-00048714 exemption, it's SOS money, it's no further cuts, it
qHB03u2Jbo8-00065-00048714-00049263 helps the vets it helps our Social Security exemption, there's no more cuts
qHB03u2Jbo8-00066-00049263-00049983 to WVU and Marshall, the entire roads package is done. Not for a
qHB03u2Jbo8-00067-00049983-00050586 vote it's done. It helps our teachers and it helps our miners. The historical
qHB03u2Jbo8-00068-00050586-00051453 credit is back in. It's all together. Now, we agreed, the three of us, that here's
qHB03u2Jbo8-00069-00051453-00052092 what we would do that I would present that to the Democratic caucus, the House
qHB03u2Jbo8-00070-00052092-00052858 and the Senate, and today what we would do, if nobody
qHB03u2Jbo8-00071-00052858-00053504 waffles, and gosh knows that's perfectly possible at this place, but we
qHB03u2Jbo8-00072-00053504-00054436 would do one of the three today. Today, it's time to vote. Now I don't know that
qHB03u2Jbo8-00073-00054436-00054998 they'll do that but that's what we agreed to do. If they don't back up on
qHB03u2Jbo8-00074-00054998-00055804 their word that's what we agreed to do. With all in me I think it is absolutely
qHB03u2Jbo8-00075-00055804-00056749 without question, this is the way we ought to go. This way even Mitch doesn't
qHB03u2Jbo8-00076-00056749-00057493 want to do this. This way still hurts a lot a lot a lot of people that we don't
qHB03u2Jbo8-00077-00057493-00058231 have to hurt, a lot of people get hurt in this that we don't have to hurt. In my
qHB03u2Jbo8-00078-00058231-00058829 way everybody wins and you know who wins the most in the personal income tax
qHB03u2Jbo8-00079-00058829-00059176 deduction? Who do you think wins the most in this?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00080-00059176-00059686 Who do you think now now that we've got this crazy stuff off the table about
qHB03u2Jbo8-00081-00059686-00060016 helping the rich, who do we benefit the most?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00082-00060016-00060643 The poor, the common, the middle class, that's who I've wanted to help more than
qHB03u2Jbo8-00083-00060643-00061279 anybody on the planet from day one. I don't want our schools to get hurt, I
qHB03u2Jbo8-00084-00061279-00061777 don't want our people to get hurt, I don't want our poor and are disabled to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00085-00061777-00062464 get hurt, I want to help our vets, I want to help our people.  I want the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00086-00062464-00063250 wealthy to step up and say for right now I've got enough and for
qHB03u2Jbo8-00087-00063250-00064104 right now I want to help our state. That's what I've said from day one. Now
qHB03u2Jbo8-00088-00064104-00064838 it's time to vote. It's time to vote. Now without any
qHB03u2Jbo8-00089-00064838-00065508 question a million to one that's the way we should go. Let me say one other thing.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00090-00065508-00066050 As far as tearing the severance tax on coal,  this is not about
qHB03u2Jbo8-00091-00066050-00066551 Murray it's not about the coal Association it's about one thing. Ask
qHB03u2Jbo8-00092-00066551-00067526 yourself at $40 a ton, can you mine coal in West Virginia? Can you
qHB03u2Jbo8-00093-00067526-00068008 do it? We have evidence in front of us that coal
qHB03u2Jbo8-00094-00068008-00068312 company, after coal company, after coal company, went out of business didn't we?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00095-00068312-00068876 And when they went out of business our miners went home did they not? Over and
qHB03u2Jbo8-00096-00068876-00069563 over and over that's what happened. At $40 a ton we give a break to those coal companies.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00097-00069563-00069907 If you can't mine it at $40 a ton, we're sure as the Dickens not going to get
qHB03u2Jbo8-00098-00069907-00070526 any severance tax at $40, and I'm telling you, you can't mine it at $40 a ton and
qHB03u2Jbo8-00099-00070526-00071245 stay in business today. So why in the world shouldn't we give a break to those
qHB03u2Jbo8-00100-00071245-00071762 and keep our miners working? Doesn't have a thing in the world to do with the Coal
qHB03u2Jbo8-00101-00071762-00072047 Association, don't have anything to do with Murray, don't have anything to do
qHB03u2Jbo8-00102-00072047-00072527 with in those people. It has everything to do with just one thing the guy
qHB03u2Jbo8-00103-00072527-00073145 getting these dinner bucket and going to work, that's it. Because it can't be mined
qHB03u2Jbo8-00104-00073145-00074320 at $40 a ton very profitably. Just can't be today steam coal on the NS 12 5 BTU
qHB03u2Jbo8-00105-00074320-00075293 is trading for 55.50 today. I have said it and said it and said it. At $75 which is
qHB03u2Jbo8-00106-00075293-00075848 $20 away we make more money than you can imagine
qHB03u2Jbo8-00107-00075848-00076721 on the upside from the tearing on severance tax. Today it's 55.50.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00108-00076721-00077473 Why if it were 40 bucks, wouldn't we give a break to keep our miners working.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00109-00077473-00078266 That's all there is to that. So I've tried to craft this this way; I've tried
qHB03u2Jbo8-00110-00078266-00078917 to craft it to help education, to help our miners, to help our poor, and our
qHB03u2Jbo8-00111-00078917-00079544 people that could really get hurt by further big-time cuts, and I've tried to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00112-00079544-00079994 craft it away from the personal income tax to be able to help all of our
qHB03u2Jbo8-00113-00079994-00080477 families that are struggling and make all them net positive on the money
qHB03u2Jbo8-00114-00080477-00080918 that's coming to them after they pay a little bit more on  consumer
qHB03u2Jbo8-00115-00080918-00081602 sales tax or a little bit more on the gas or whatever it may be. So that's what
qHB03u2Jbo8-00116-00081602-00081908 I've done, I'll take any questions that you may have.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00117-00081908-00082495 The last thing let me add one last thing on this. Where did
qHB03u2Jbo8-00118-00082495-00083162 the tearing on the severance tax come from? Where did the idea come from in the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00119-00083162-00083813 beginning? Where did the meeting between me and and Bob Murray come from it came
qHB03u2Jbo8-00120-00083813-00084440 from from Cecil Robberts. Cecil called me, and asked me if I would meet with Bob
qHB03u2Jbo8-00121-00084440-00085130 Murray, you know why, because Cecil is concerned about his miners. That's where
qHB03u2Jbo8-00122-00085130-00085577 the meeting came from and then I agreed to do that and then I met with Bob
qHB03u2Jbo8-00123-00085577-00086008 Murray. Now
qHB03u2Jbo8-00124-00086094-00086314 y'all ask anything you choose to ask.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00125-00086314-00086571 Governor, for the roads package does that mean the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00126-00086571-00087118 4.5 cents on a gallon of gas and no bond vote for the public?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00127-00087118-00087513 It means, it's not four and a half cents, I think it's about three and a half cents
qHB03u2Jbo8-00128-00087513-00088215 it's the wholesale part of the gas, okay, it's no retail side at all. The
qHB03u2Jbo8-00129-00088215-00088953 retail side is gone. It's only the wholesale portion. The retail side
qHB03u2Jbo8-00130-00088953-00089210 we don't need now.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00131-00089210-00089362 So there is no bonding?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00132-00089362-00089624 There is no bonding there at all.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00133-00089624-00089824 Governor, I thought the bond already passed. The bond initiative passed during regular session, I thought.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00134-00090238-00090982 No what I'm saying is putting it to the vote of the people for the bond. It's
qHB03u2Jbo8-00135-00090982-00091696 never gone to the people yet, so we have permission to take it to the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00136-00091696-00092287 people but we don't have it to the people yet. Ashton, you understand what I'm saying?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00137-00092287-00092780 I do, so that means you are not going to issue a special election for the bond?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00138-00092800-00093490 No we definitely will but... there's under... and these people are
qHB03u2Jbo8-00139-00093490-00094111 trying now I mean I want to I want to emphasise they're really trying okay but
qHB03u2Jbo8-00140-00094111-00094930 under speaker Armstead. Speaker Armstead wants to put in the bond vote, he
qHB03u2Jbo8-00141-00094930-00095521 wants to put in it that you have the right to vote on the gas tax as well as
qHB03u2Jbo8-00142-00095521-00096124 the bond, as well as putting it together in a bond...okay I don't think we
qHB03u2Jbo8-00143-00096124-00096661 ought to do that. You know because we should have a job here our job ought to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00144-00096661-00097111 be to do stuff what we should be voting on is putting it all together in a bond
qHB03u2Jbo8-00145-00097111-00097807 or not. We shouldn't be out voting on the DMV fees or the gas tax or that kind of
qHB03u2Jbo8-00146-00097807-00098089 stuff in my opinion that's what we're here to do
qHB03u2Jbo8-00147-00098089-00099040 that's our job and so in my proposal we would pass the tax on the on the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00148-00099040-00099571 wholesale part of the gas tax we would pass the DMV fees we would pass the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00149-00099571-00099805 consumer sales tax and that kind of stuff
qHB03u2Jbo8-00150-00099805-00100404 we passed the PIT reduction, you know we would eliminate the rich part and
qHB03u2Jbo8-00151-00100404-00101095 everything and then we would go to a bond 90 days from from whenever it was
qHB03u2Jbo8-00152-00101095-00101500 passed and you're talking about, and at that point in time the people would vote
qHB03u2Jbo8-00153-00101500-00102124 on the ability to put it all together and generate a big number where we could
qHB03u2Jbo8-00154-00102124-00102558 do all the roads work that's what we do
qHB03u2Jbo8-00155-00102565-00103639 So, how much money is the SOS funding in this current proposal? 25 Million.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00156-00103639-00104280 What kind of reception did you get from the Democrats in the caucus on this latest one...  For me I thought it was very good
qHB03u2Jbo8-00157-00104280-00104840 Very good... Do you have a similar presentation to Republicans?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00158-00104942-00105909 No I don't but I would gladly do it, you know, and I'll be
qHB03u2Jbo8-00159-00105920-00106309 calling them as soon as we leave here and offering that like.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00160-00106320-00106909 Governor, the Senate has already gone in and gaveled out for the day. They won't come in until 11am tomorrow
qHB03u2Jbo8-00161-00106920-00107600 I mean, you said you would like for this to happen today, It is obviously not going to happen,
qHB03u2Jbo8-00162-00107600-00107952 the senate has already gone, so can you react to that? Well, I didn't know that.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00163-00107983-00108792 Like i said this is a moving target all the time here that's for sure and I didn't I didn't know that they'd
qHB03u2Jbo8-00164-00108798-00109143 come in and gone. You know the last report I got is they were going to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00165-00109143-00109533 caucus amongst themselves at some point in time
qHB03u2Jbo8-00166-00109533-00109998 this afternoon and so you know maybe maybe that'll be an opportunity for me
qHB03u2Jbo8-00167-00110000-00110232 to go in and and talk to them.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00168-00110232-00111032 With that action in the Senate though, do you think it is incumbent or there is more pressure on the House to take action?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00169-00111048-00111983 I don't really know how to answer that Ashton. I think it is incumbent on us all to take action.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00170-00111983-00112464 you know this business of being down here on the taxpayers dime it's no good
qHB03u2Jbo8-00171-00112464-00113103 it's just no good and we can say what we want but here's the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00172-00113103-00113823 thing we we can we can jump up in arms and say we don't like the PIT because
qHB03u2Jbo8-00173-00113823-00114461 it's helping the rich and everything you know well it's never
qHB03u2Jbo8-00174-00114461-00115164 meant to be that way. It was never meant to be that way, you know, and I have I
qHB03u2Jbo8-00175-00115164-00115800 stood rock-solid steadfast in my belief wholeheartedly and that it's wealthy
qHB03u2Jbo8-00176-00115800-00116847 need to pull the rope, they need to pull the rope more and so you know,
qHB03u2Jbo8-00177-00116847-00117447 I think at the end of the day if we don't pass this what I fear more than
qHB03u2Jbo8-00178-00117447-00118103 anything happening is just this is there's going to be some level of
qHB03u2Jbo8-00179-00118103-00119005 carnage if you don't pass this you know there's going to there has to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00180-00119005-00119958 be some level of real hurt. You know I can't tell you if that level stops with
qHB03u2Jbo8-00181-00119958-00120625 WVU and Marshall but if they get hurt we all get hurt. If it stops with the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00182-00120625-00121276 teacher so we don't give them a pay raise you know if it stops with whatever
qHB03u2Jbo8-00183-00121276-00121884 I mean if you end up with a 30 million dollar hole you know public broadcasting
qHB03u2Jbo8-00184-00121884-00122490 was four million dollars you know that would be bad to lose
qHB03u2Jbo8-00185-00122490-00123280 it's just absolutely if we don't do this we're going to lose.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00186-00123280-00123853 There is going to be some level of real pain. We don't need to have that pain. We don't
qHB03u2Jbo8-00187-00123853-00124522 need to put something else on our people and I'm telling you the numbers work so
qHB03u2Jbo8-00188-00124522-00125176 good in this it'll blow you away. This is so much opportunity for us and it's just
qHB03u2Jbo8-00189-00125176-00125581 off the chart. Now the other thing is in our roast package if we don't pass our
qHB03u2Jbo8-00190-00125581-00126100 roads package in here and its entirety and you're waiting on a vote or whatever
qHB03u2Jbo8-00191-00126100-00126472 it may be and what if it doesn't go our way what
qHB03u2Jbo8-00192-00126472-00127044 if it didn't go our way I mean just think about it then everything unravels
qHB03u2Jbo8-00193-00127044-00127705 everything if you don't have those road jobs you might as well batten down the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00194-00127705-00128242 hatches and it's over. I mean it's over in every way, not only
qHB03u2Jbo8-00195-00128242-00128797 do the road jobs give us real hope and real prosperity but really and truly
qHB03u2Jbo8-00196-00128797-00129258 they give us an apprenticeship program, you may forget this,
qHB03u2Jbo8-00197-00129258-00129970 you know we're to bid those roads jobs labor intensive what that means is that
qHB03u2Jbo8-00198-00129970-00130531 you're going to have an on-the-job training site for
qHB03u2Jbo8-00199-00130531-00131026 retraining or apprenticeship to learn how to pour concrete, lay rebar, weld,
qHB03u2Jbo8-00200-00131026-00131557 drive a truck, whatever that's one thing that you may forget about the roads jobs
qHB03u2Jbo8-00201-00131557-00131912 but in addition to that you have that 5%
qHB03u2Jbo8-00202-00131912-00132629 successful bidders fee that will fix this terrible drug
qHB03u2Jbo8-00203-00132629-00133430 epidemic. It'll fix it. You know so, I'm not going to say that it
qHB03u2Jbo8-00204-00133430-00133865 will eradicate it because we all are smarter than that but we got to do
qHB03u2Jbo8-00205-00133865-00134377 something about that so
qHB03u2Jbo8-00206-00134551-00135271 (inaudible)
qHB03u2Jbo8-00207-00135271-00135757 I really don't Phil, I haven't read that but it's but it's money, it's money, it is money
qHB03u2Jbo8-00208-00135757-00136224 and it could be significant
qHB03u2Jbo8-00210-00136274-00136656 So with the new PIT is it still 7, 7, 6 or is it different now?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00211-00136668-00137182 it's seven seven six with Eric Nelson's triggers
qHB03u2Jbo8-00212-00137186-00137972 Governor, if we can go back to some of the press conferences you had during the regular session,
qHB03u2Jbo8-00213-00137984-00138382 and your push for kind of a 4-fold stool to this budget approved. Cuts
qHB03u2Jbo8-00214-00138382-00139198 government, an extra, extra from regular people on the sales, half some push from
qHB03u2Jbo8-00215-00139198-00139612 the rich West Virginia's and businesses. There is nothing being given from
qHB03u2Jbo8-00216-00139612-00140302 a business community in this plan right now. Should that be seen and the house and senate not interested in doing that?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00217-00140316-00140758 no you just thought right there there's so much that it's coming from the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00218-00140758-00141172 business side in this in lots and lots and lots of ways on this broadening
qHB03u2Jbo8-00219-00141172-00141835 issue. You know it's really all this broadening is
qHB03u2Jbo8-00220-00141835-00142339 coming from the standpoint of about 60 to 70%
qHB03u2Jbo8-00221-00142339-00143026 business and 30 to 40% people. That's where the business contribution is
qHB03u2Jbo8-00222-00143026-00143524 coming from and any other contribution, you know, I said before, the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00223-00143524-00143941 wealthy need to step up the businesses of the people and our government. Well
qHB03u2Jbo8-00224-00143941-00144469 you've got cuts in here but they're almost benign now nothing's benign, but
qHB03u2Jbo8-00225-00144469-00144991 you've got cuts in here that were my original cuts and then you added in like
qHB03u2Jbo8-00226-00144991-00145396 two percent those two percent cuts continue on and all that stuff so you've
qHB03u2Jbo8-00227-00145396-00145834 got some cuts so the government is stepping up some you got to give me the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00228-00145834-00146166 opportunity to get to to see what I would do as far as running the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00229-00146166-00146650 government you haven't seen that yet of how I run the agencies and so on but
qHB03u2Jbo8-00230-00146650-00146989 you've got to give me some time on that so the government is stepping up the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00231-00146989-00147492 people are stepping up and where the people are stepping up is DMV fees a
qHB03u2Jbo8-00232-00147492-00147954 little teeny bit on gas and a little bit on consumer sales tax that's just think
qHB03u2Jbo8-00233-00147954-00148432 about this just for a second. You know if you're making twenty thousand dollars a
qHB03u2Jbo8-00234-00148432-00149164 year by the time you take your house payment your car payment you know food
qHB03u2Jbo8-00235-00149164-00149635 everything that you're lucky I mean you would be doggone lucky if you spent two
qHB03u2Jbo8-00236-00149635-00150342 thousand dollars a year on consumer sales taxable items you know what that
qHB03u2Jbo8-00237-00150342-00151369 would cost you seven dollars seven bucks 2,000x 0.35 above where you are today
qHB03u2Jbo8-00238-00151369-00151915 seven bucks that's what it is.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00239-00152129-00153179 I think I could be doing the math wrong but I think I'm right. You know so  the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00240-00153179-00153833 net-net of the whole thing is this a tax decrease to that person is going to put
qHB03u2Jbo8-00241-00153833-00154292 money in that person's pocket a tax decrease to the person that's making a
qHB03u2Jbo8-00242-00154292-00154664 hundred thousand or seventy thousand is going to put money in their pocket and
qHB03u2Jbo8-00243-00154664-00155248 if we can do that we need to do that now
qHB03u2Jbo8-00244-00155263-00155807 the out-years all work and here's there's another thing that somebody may
qHB03u2Jbo8-00245-00155807-00156194 come up with and they say well what about the out-years beyond when the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00246-00156194-00157088 roads are finished well do we not believe in this state that when we build
qHB03u2Jbo8-00247-00157088-00157910 new roads that that we are going to continue to have jobs new jobs you know
qHB03u2Jbo8-00248-00157910-00158570 that's what's going to happen to us now and the other side of the coin is just
qHB03u2Jbo8-00249-00158570-00159256 this is if we're going to believe the sky is falling five years from today
qHB03u2Jbo8-00250-00159256-00160300 this guy has already fallen if we don't do this you think about where we are
qHB03u2Jbo8-00251-00160300-00160600 today
qHB03u2Jbo8-00252-00160609-00161020 I mean today we're dead 50th in everything coming or going
qHB03u2Jbo8-00253-00161020-00161833 I have said it till I'm blue green and we're broke we have a deficit
qHB03u2Jbo8-00254-00161833-00162157 beyond belief we're dead last and everything coming or going and we're
qHB03u2Jbo8-00255-00162157-00162799 worried about maybe where we're going to be five years from the day, are you
qHB03u2Jbo8-00256-00162799-00163507 kidding me, and I really believe with all my soul if we build these roads and we
qHB03u2Jbo8-00257-00163507-00163951 fix our roads and we created an atmosphere where people really want to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00258-00163951-00164556 come and can see how great this state really is they will come your
qHB03u2Jbo8-00259-00164614-00165288 Governor, I appreciate willingness to change the plan but that's also sometimes bringing criticism...um...
qHB03u2Jbo8-00260-00165289-00165925 I recognize that look like the previous plan is not moving toward
qHB03u2Jbo8-00261-00165925-00166303 passage but now we're a week away from what some people are calling the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00262-00166303-00166840 drop-dead date we've got at least one new plan looks like maybe 3 just as
qHB03u2Jbo8-00263-00166840-00167767 just a necessity, a fact of life... Well, Brad here's here's the thing, let's be fair again the on
qHB03u2Jbo8-00264-00167767-00168397 the beginning days of the session I went to the floor with both the House
qHB03u2Jbo8-00265-00168397-00168982 and Senate. I went to the floor, they said a governor had never done that
qHB03u2Jbo8-00266-00168982-00169588 before and I started screaming to the mountaintop the very thing that we
qHB03u2Jbo8-00267-00169588-00170329 have to pass is a budget we have to pass a budget, now, I've tried every way to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00268-00170329-00170788 compromise and do everything. Today the only thing that's really changing
qHB03u2Jbo8-00269-00170788-00171406 significantly in my deal is you're just taking out the taboo that the rich
qHB03u2Jbo8-00270-00171406-00172051 people are getting a break nothing else really has changed you know it's just
qHB03u2Jbo8-00271-00172051-00172873 the same. The problem is if we don't go with this then where are we going to go
qHB03u2Jbo8-00272-00172873-00173377 and its not going to be my plan it's where are we going to go and this is what the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00273-00173377-00173832 other parties have said where we're going to go
qHB03u2Jbo8-00274-00173850-00174372 Would you be inclined to veto ether of the other two?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00275-00174372-00174946 I would be really inclined to veto anything that would come to me that will
qHB03u2Jbo8-00276-00174946-00175696 hurt our people more but the problem the problem lies in just this you're going
qHB03u2Jbo8-00277-00175696-00176086 to be faced with the decision of just this and that is shut down the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00278-00176086-00176620 government or have to do something that's going to hurt our people if we
qHB03u2Jbo8-00279-00176620-00177154 don't do this and do this right now you mark it down I am right about what I
qHB03u2Jbo8-00280-00177154-00177715 said there's going to be carnage come and it's not a threat it's not coming
qHB03u2Jbo8-00281-00177715-00178264 for me if we don't do this we're either going to have to shut down our
qHB03u2Jbo8-00282-00178264-00178844 government or do some version of this and it's going to hurt somebody the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00283-00178844-00179251 level of how bad it hurts it's argumentative but somebody's going to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00284-00179251-00179662 get hurt and I don't think we need to do that
qHB03u2Jbo8-00285-00179662-00180724 I have stood rock-solid with the people from day one I have said it to them blue
qHB03u2Jbo8-00286-00180724-00181378 green that all I want is goodness for West Virginia you got to remember now
qHB03u2Jbo8-00287-00181378-00182188 it's easy to forget this I didn't create this mess I came in and inherited this
qHB03u2Jbo8-00288-00182188-00183058 mess I'm trying to fix it without hurting our people or our schools or our
qHB03u2Jbo8-00289-00183058-00184077 kids. That's what I'm trying to do and I have tried and tried and tried and tried
qHB03u2Jbo8-00290-00184077-00184377 so
qHB03u2Jbo8-00291-00184464-00185364 I wanted to take off the table so badly this benefit of the tax reduction for
qHB03u2Jbo8-00292-00185364-00186186 the wealthy that needed off it was hard to get Mitch and Tim to agree to that
qHB03u2Jbo8-00293-00186186-00187046 but they did really in the bottom of their heart they want to go this way too
qHB03u2Jbo8-00294-00187046-00187620 you know why because they don't want to have people get hurt and the Democrats
qHB03u2Jbo8-00295-00187620-00188216 absolutely don't want it either if they're smart. Now the one thing we don't
qHB03u2Jbo8-00296-00188216-00188583 want to have happen here is this and this is and I would tell
qHB03u2Jbo8-00297-00188583-00189740 I would tell Mitch's group Tim's group the Dems the same thing, think about this
qHB03u2Jbo8-00298-00189846-00190930 if what we do is allow something to pass which hurt someone to gain politically
qHB03u2Jbo8-00299-00190930-00191888 that is totally terrible and we are capable in this building of doing those
qHB03u2Jbo8-00300-00191888-00192611 things and I will not I will not stand for it in any way and I take the "we" out
qHB03u2Jbo8-00301-00192611-00193217 of it because I would say others are capable of doing something that they
qHB03u2Jbo8-00302-00193217-00193816 know is going to hurt somebody in order to gain politically it's terrible
qHB03u2Jbo8-00303-00193816-00194148 there's no place for that.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00304-00194156-00194856 Governor, if they aren't able to come fully to this agreement,
qHB03u2Jbo8-00305-00194856-00195360 say this it's close to your plan but it's not exactly what you want
qHB03u2Jbo8-00306-00195360-00195840 and there is some level of funding necessary from rainy day fund to find a balance,
qHB03u2Jbo8-00307-00195840-00196214 are you willing to sign a budget... essentially what I'm saying is are you
qHB03u2Jbo8-00308-00196214-00196532 willing to sign a budget that has some kind of funding necessary from rainy
qHB03u2Jbo8-00309-00196532-00196900 day to avoid a goverment shutdown
qHB03u2Jbo8-00310-00196900-00197800 I I hope I've shown you that I'm willing to compromise and work with everybody because that's how I've
qHB03u2Jbo8-00311-00197801-00198329 run my entire life I'm willing to do just about anything
qHB03u2Jbo8-00312-00198329-00198995 that makes good sense. Taking money from rainy day does not make good sense but I
qHB03u2Jbo8-00313-00198995-00199397 would not put it off the table that you wouldn't that you that I wouldn't look
qHB03u2Jbo8-00314-00199397-00200201 at it because you know but you know it's just going to net hurt us today.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00315-00200201-00200858 You know our the people that set our rates on our bonds have already told us
qHB03u2Jbo8-00316-00200858-00201341 that you know they downgraded us they say if you take more money out of rainy
qHB03u2Jbo8-00317-00201341-00201790 day we're going to downgrade you more it's that simple
qHB03u2Jbo8-00318-00201976-00202294 I'm just trying to visualize was the meeting with the Senate President and
qHB03u2Jbo8-00319-00202294-00202544 House speaker in here, or was it elsewhere...
qHB03u2Jbo8-00320-00202544-00202969 It was in my office.  Saturday morning? Lasted?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00321-00202969-00203611 Couple of hours Governor, you've met with law makers
qHB03u2Jbo8-00322-00203611-00204238 Carmichael, Armstead, just in your opinion where we stand on this where and where are we going?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00323-00204238-00205177 I think I really believe if  everyone will do what they said they
qHB03u2Jbo8-00324-00205177-00205837 were going to do I think where we should go and this was my recommendation to the
qHB03u2Jbo8-00325-00205837-00206782 to the Senate and House D's was agree to the to the Eric Nelson triggers and say
qHB03u2Jbo8-00326-00206782-00207544 let's go to a vote and then vote and I hope to goodness that they'll vote this
qHB03u2Jbo8-00327-00207544-00208396 way. You know that's what we should do we should have done that today to get off
qHB03u2Jbo8-00328-00208396-00208906 the taxpayers dime, but where I think it's going to go is there and I've got
qHB03u2Jbo8-00329-00208906-00209548 to have just enough trust in in Tim Armstead and Mitch, that they'll
qHB03u2Jbo8-00330-00209548-00210157 deliver what they said they were going to do and that the the house D's and
qHB03u2Jbo8-00331-00210157-00211023 the Senate D's will will do just that, they'll vote because continuing this
qHB03u2Jbo8-00332-00211023-00211873 this process of negotiation on and on is if we don't vote this way then what
qHB03u2Jbo8-00333-00211873-00212356 we're going to have to do is we're going to have to come to something that will
qHB03u2Jbo8-00334-00212356-00213148 hurt somebody and vote that's what it'll be I mean there is no other choice there
qHB03u2Jbo8-00335-00213148-00213682 is no other choice no matter how you cut it either vote this way and help a lot
qHB03u2Jbo8-00336-00213682-00214087 of people because you're going to be able to give an income tax break to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00337-00214087-00214528 almost everybody except the wealthy so the wealthy just like what Ashton asked
qHB03u2Jbo8-00338-00214528-00214990 the wealthier participating the businesses are participating the people
qHB03u2Jbo8-00339-00214990-00215357 are participating and so does the government but if you
qHB03u2Jbo8-00340-00215357-00215888 don't vote that way then you're going to be you're going to be throwing grandma
qHB03u2Jbo8-00341-00215888-00216227 out on the street or you're going to be hurting the autistic or you're going to
qHB03u2Jbo8-00342-00216227-00216873 be hurting the universities or hurting education or doing something something
qHB03u2Jbo8-00343-00216873-00217391 that's I don't know how bad does something will be but any something is
qHB03u2Jbo8-00344-00217391-00218311 bad in my book when you don't need to do Governor, what is your understand of what Nelsons triggers are?
qHB03u2Jbo8-00345-00218311-00219084 because they're have been about 4 plans submitted so far. I haven't seen Eric Nelson's triggers
qHB03u2Jbo8-00346-00219084-00219638 but I have absolute confidence in the times that I have been with him that he
qHB03u2Jbo8-00347-00219638-00220517 has been overprotective, overprotective and over conservative that he wants
qHB03u2Jbo8-00348-00220517-00221053 to build in assurances that we won't trigger unless things are really good
qHB03u2Jbo8-00349-00221053-00221663 that's his philosophy you know and I have every reason to believe they'll be
qHB03u2Jbo8-00350-00221663-00221914 that way
qHB03u2Jbo8-00351-00222396-00223423 anybody else got anything? To summarize real quick the bottom line is just this
qHB03u2Jbo8-00352-00223423-00224321 the belief that that this was a way to help the wealthy with the income tax
qHB03u2Jbo8-00353-00224321-00225417 reduction get it off the table. That's completely wrong, you know, what my belief
qHB03u2Jbo8-00354-00225417-00226242 has been from day one has been just specifically this is try to find a
qHB03u2Jbo8-00355-00226242-00226758 pathway to prosperity, get rid of the drug epidemic, and do it in a way without
qHB03u2Jbo8-00356-00226758-00227279 cutting and hurting our people. That's been my objective from day one and
qHB03u2Jbo8-00357-00227279-00227778 that's what I think I've delivered and that's what I think we should vote on
qHB03u2Jbo8-00358-00227778-00228273 and that's what I think we should pass. I appreciate you coming.
qHB03u2Jbo8-00359-00228273-00228921 Y'all all have one of these and that'll make all this easier and and be safe
qHB03u2Jbo8-00360-00228921-00229667 thank y'all, thank you, thank you for coming