TenwhLekcsM-00000-00000000-00000303 What's above me is a couple of pear trees,
TenwhLekcsM-00001-00000303-00000625 what's surrounding me is hundreds of pears
TenwhLekcsM-00002-00000625-00000816 going to waste on the sidewalk.
TenwhLekcsM-00003-00000816-00001017 So today, I'm going to show you how
TenwhLekcsM-00004-00001017-00001173 to clean up your community,
TenwhLekcsM-00005-00001173-00001349 feed some people in need,
TenwhLekcsM-00006-00001349-00001562 and have yourself a tasty treat
TenwhLekcsM-00007-00001562-00001702 all at the same time.
TenwhLekcsM-00008-00001765-00002035 Step one, clean up the spoiled fruit
TenwhLekcsM-00009-00002035-00002216 and then put it somewhere to compost
TenwhLekcsM-00010-00002216-00002402 and turn into nutritious soil.
TenwhLekcsM-00011-00002433-00002621 Don't throw it in the garbage.
TenwhLekcsM-00012-00002621-00002810 Compost it and turn it into food.
TenwhLekcsM-00013-00003057-00003251 (Clean sidewalk!)
TenwhLekcsM-00014-00003262-00003453 Thousands of bees flying around
TenwhLekcsM-00015-00003453-00003606 as I'm cleaning up.
TenwhLekcsM-00016-00003776-00004070 And none of them any harm whatsoever.
TenwhLekcsM-00017-00004132-00004328 Bumblebees, honeybees, wasps.
TenwhLekcsM-00018-00004348-00004522 No need to fear them.
TenwhLekcsM-00019-00004522-00004666 They are our friend.
TenwhLekcsM-00020-00004760-00005004 Now the next step is to harvest.
TenwhLekcsM-00021-00005971-00006147 So we collected about 80 pounds,
TenwhLekcsM-00022-00006147-00006285 maybe 100 pounds,
TenwhLekcsM-00023-00006299-00006568 of fruit from these 2 trees.
TenwhLekcsM-00024-00006593-00006807 Now it's time to share the bounty.
TenwhLekcsM-00025-00006847-00006948 I brought some of the pears
TenwhLekcsM-00026-00006948-00007070 to a local food bank
TenwhLekcsM-00027-00007070-00007199 and gave out a bunch of them
TenwhLekcsM-00028-00007199-00007390 to people in the neighborhood.
TenwhLekcsM-00029-00007412-00007506 And don't forget
TenwhLekcsM-00030-00007506-00007728 to enjoy the fruit yourself!
TenwhLekcsM-00031-00008300-00008600 Subtitles by the Amara.org community
Tgn_7YZfP0Q-00000-00000064-00000272 Imagine being broke on a lego game, 
Tgn_7YZfP0Q-00001-00000272-00000378 Imagine being broke on a lego game, LMFAO!
Tgn_7YZfP0Q-00002-00000396-00000459 I GOT BEAMED-
ThJgcaMD5l8-00000-00000083-00000200 (male narrator) So we're gonna wrap up
ThJgcaMD5l8-00001-00000203-00000407 our sort of, uh...review of percent
ThJgcaMD5l8-00002-00000410-00000550 with a couple caveats.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00003-00000553-00000837 First off, uh...a statement like this,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00004-00000840-00001030 "A politician's support increases
ThJgcaMD5l8-00005-00001034-00001347 from 40% of voters to 50% of voters."
ThJgcaMD5l8-00006-00001351-00001574 How could we describe this change?
ThJgcaMD5l8-00007-00001578-00001851 Now as  an absolute change...
ThJgcaMD5l8-00008-00002155-00002265 Right?
ThJgcaMD5l8-00009-00002268-00003109 We got 40% minus 50%... is a 10%...oh...
ThJgcaMD5l8-00010-00003113-00003453 see now this is...this is where this starts getting confusing.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00011-00003456-00003800 Because we're talking about an absolute change,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00012-00003803-00004077 and yet we have a percent here.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00013-00004080-00004257 Uh...and so to clarify this,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00014-00004260-00004824 we usually say ten percentage points...
ThJgcaMD5l8-00015-00004984-00005358 uh...a ten percentage points increase.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00016-00005588-00005929 Now this is really confusing when you listen to the media,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00017-00005932-00006226 because they often leave off the percentage points.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00018-00006229-00006483 And they just say a 10% increase.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00019-00006486-00006713 The problem is, when we hear 10% increase,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00020-00006716-00006846 we're usually talking about a...
ThJgcaMD5l8-00021-00006850-00007163 or we're usually thinking about a relative change.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00022-00007167-00007537 And in fact, if we were to find the relative change here,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00023-00007540-00007977 we have a 10% increase-- that's our absolute change--
ThJgcaMD5l8-00024-00007981-00008451 relative to the base of 40% is...
ThJgcaMD5l8-00025-00008455-00009255 .25 is a 25% relative... re-la-tive...increase.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00026-00009399-00009559 So it'd be totally correct to say
ThJgcaMD5l8-00027-00009562-00009979 that the politician's support has increased by 25%--
ThJgcaMD5l8-00028-00009983-00010280 or by ten percentage points.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00029-00010283-00010680 And again, if you don't know which one you're talking about
ThJgcaMD5l8-00030-00010683-00010914 media argument, uh...media statements
ThJgcaMD5l8-00031-00010917-00011037 can be really confusing.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00032-00011040-00011234 So you really wanna look carefully
ThJgcaMD5l8-00033-00011237-00011478 when people talk about, um...
ThJgcaMD5l8-00034-00011481-00011955 percent increases of percent quantities.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00035-00011958-00012355 So one last caveat has to do with averaging percents.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00036-00012358-00012562 So a basketball player scores 40%
ThJgcaMD5l8-00037-00012565-00012762 of 2-point field goal attempts
ThJgcaMD5l8-00038-00012766-00013083 and 30% of 3-point field goal attempts.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00039-00013086-00013373 Find the player's overall field goal percentage.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00040-00013376-00013543 Now it's really tempting to just say,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00041-00013546-00014097 oh, 30%, 40%...the overall must be 35%.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00042-00014100-00014377 But unfortunately, that's... they're probably not true,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00043-00014380-00014774 because a player usually makes a lot more 2-point attempts
ThJgcaMD5l8-00044-00014778-00014931 than 3-point attempts.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00045-00014934-00015211 So again, we need more information to answer this.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00046-00015215-00015882 So let's suppose that our player made 200 two-point attempts...
ThJgcaMD5l8-00047-00016039-00016409 and 100 three-point attempts.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00048-00016676-00016850 Okay, so...
ThJgcaMD5l8-00049-00017020-00017597 uh...that means that...out of, uh...
ThJgcaMD5l8-00050-00017600-00017984 Remember, for these, they made 40% of their shots,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00051-00017987-00018384 so out of the 200 shots, they made 40%.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00052-00018388-00018835 In other words, they made 80 shots.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00053-00018838-00019105 Here, they made 30%,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00054-00019109-00019499 so out of the 100 shots they made...attempted,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00055-00019502-00019686 they made 30 of them.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00056-00019689-00019896 They made 30 shots.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00057-00019899-00020490 So altogether, they made 110 combined shots
ThJgcaMD5l8-00058-00020493-00020980 out of a combined 300 attempts.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00059-00021097-00021194 Right?
ThJgcaMD5l8-00060-00021197-00021361 'Cause we had 200 two-point attempts
ThJgcaMD5l8-00061-00021364-00021488 and 100 three-point attempts.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00062-00021491-00022102 That's 300 total attempts... is 0.367, or in other words,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00063-00022105-00022776 36.7%, uh...overall field goal percentage.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00064-00022779-00023166 Now notice that this is larger than that 35%
ThJgcaMD5l8-00065-00023169-00023403 we were, uh...originally guessed,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00066-00023406-00023683 and that's because there were more
ThJgcaMD5l8-00067-00023686-00023913 of these 2-point field goal attempts.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00068-00023917-00024120 So when we calculate the average,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00069-00024124-00024330 this gets weighted higher.
ThJgcaMD5l8-00070-00024334-00024594 Uh...so it's really important to be careful
ThJgcaMD5l8-00071-00024597-00024788 if you're averaging two quantities
ThJgcaMD5l8-00072-00024791-00024948 that are percentage bases,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00073-00024951-00025205 uh...because if they're not equal in quantity,
ThJgcaMD5l8-00074-00025208-00025668 then, uh...you can't just average the percents.
Ti-t2o_SYuI-00202-00057066-00057232 MIG21
Ti-t2o_SYuI-00203-00057232-00057282 Sorry,!!!
Ti-t2o_SYuI-00204-00057282-00057608 for stating it MIRAGE. MIRAGE was the plane used for Balakot Attack.
Ti-t2o_SYuI-00205-00057608-00057860 MIG21 downed F-16
Tl38ydYEjMu-00000-00000120-00000448 okay, now i'm one small cell because the bigger one got eaten,
Tl38ydYEjMu-00001-00000504-00000744 so i'm probably much smaller than i used to be.
Tl38ydYEjMu-00002-00001008-00001607 however, i didn't need to split because that was all. i didn't have to split one more time.
Tl38ydYEjMu-00003-00001607-00002023 also, eating a virus here could be dangerous. you will get eaten very easily,
Tl38ydYEjMu-00004-00002023-00002392 which i wouldn't like. that's already happened about 15 minutes ago.
Tl38ydYEjMu-00005-00002600-00002984 i'm also trying to survive again
Tl38ydYEjMu-00006-00003415-00003488 yes i hate you
Tm21cs886tQ-00000-00000000-00000062 So here's what happened
Tm21cs886tQ-00001-00000062-00000120 what i'm do
Tm21cs886tQ-00002-00000120-00000250 saying to him right there
Tm21cs886tQ-00003-00000250-00000333 is, i swear to God is
Tm21cs886tQ-00004-00000333-00000417 because my husband sees me 
Tm21cs886tQ-00005-00000417-00000558 and he's just like 
Tm21cs886tQ-00006-00000592-00000663 like are you ok...
Tm21cs886tQ-00007-00000713-00000784 first of all
Tm21cs886tQ-00008-00000784-00000875 trying to communicate
Tm21cs886tQ-00009-00000875-00001076 from 500 yards at your husband that
Tm21cs886tQ-00010-00001088-00001251 i'm sort of not okay
Tm21cs886tQ-00011-00001313-00001355 but
Tm21cs886tQ-00012-00001480-00001555 okay ! wait
Tm21cs886tQ-00013-00001555-00001622 No !
Tm21cs886tQ-00014-00001714-00001789 He's going
Tm21cs886tQ-00015-00001801-00001860 He's going
Tm21cs886tQ-00016-00001860-00001926 Ahhh ahh !
Tm21cs886tQ-00017-00001926-00002085 and i'm going no !
Tm21cs886tQ-00018-00002085-00002152 Hold on, you gotta see
Tm21cs886tQ-00019-00002152-00002402 you gotta see, i'm going no !
Tm21cs886tQ-00020-00002548-00002711 Can you do it side by side
Tm21cs886tQ-00021-00002719-00002756 Yeah
Tm21cs886tQ-00022-00002756-00002844 If you can do a side by side
Tm21cs886tQ-00023-00002844-00002927 i can show you it
Tm21cs886tQ-00024-00002927-00003028 Okay, so this is it
Tm21cs886tQ-00025-00003061-00003311 No~ !
Tm21cs886tQ-00026-00003328-00003449 see and i'm just like no
Tm21cs886tQ-00027-00003449-00003590 don't run out there's photographers
Tm21cs886tQ-00028-00003590-00003778 you just made this so much more dramatic
Tm21cs886tQ-00029-00003878-00004079 And he's like screaming oh my God
Tm21cs886tQ-00030-00004079-00004212 and he's like my wife is dying
Tm21cs886tQ-00031-00004212-00004337 and i'm like i'm not dying
Tm21cs886tQ-00032-00004337-00004425 i just don't know how to
Tm21cs886tQ-00033-00004425-00004562 communicate this to you
U0dUwD8mhqA-00000-00000964-00001094 Hello everyone
U0dUwD8mhqA-00001-00001094-00001411 I ’m Maco, the modern princess.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00002-00001411-00001657 I haven't seen you
U0dUwD8mhqA-00003-00001657-00002162 I was discharged the other day on August 7th.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00004-00002162-00002323 Really annoying everyone
U0dUwD8mhqA-00005-00002323-00002523 I'm sorry
U0dUwD8mhqA-00006-00002523-00002668 for your concern
U0dUwD8mhqA-00007-00002773-00003265 Received many messages of encouragement and support
U0dUwD8mhqA-00008-00003375-00003557 I'm sorry
U0dUwD8mhqA-00009-00003557-00003689 I couldn't reply
U0dUwD8mhqA-00010-00003689-00003861 Really many messages
U0dUwD8mhqA-00011-00003861-00004106 It was encouraging
U0dUwD8mhqA-00012-00004106-00004241 to read everything!
U0dUwD8mhqA-00013-00004241-00004566 Thank you
U0dUwD8mhqA-00014-00004566-00004909 I'm sorry that
U0dUwD8mhqA-00015-00004909-00005080 the delivery was reversed from
U0dUwD8mhqA-00016-00005080-00005283 yesterday's ambassador video.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00017-00005283-00005562 I was discharged from the hospital
U0dUwD8mhqA-00018-00005562-00006124 Actually, I'm still in a good condition to be hospitalized.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00019-00006202-00006444 I was hospitalized for 3 weeks
U0dUwD8mhqA-00020-00006444-00006559 and my heart
U0dUwD8mhqA-00021-00006559-00006844 couldn't stand the hospitalization,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00022-00006844-00007016 so I can go to the hospital every day,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00023-00007016-00007609 so please leave me.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00024-00007609-00007990 Make a request
U0dUwD8mhqA-00025-00008025-00008315 I no longer have antibiotics
U0dUwD8mhqA-00026-00008315-00008685 and I don't need to
U0dUwD8mhqA-00027-00008685-00008912 have an IV drip,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00028-00008912-00009145 so if I can handle the burns
U0dUwD8mhqA-00029-00009145-00009426 myself every day,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00030-00009426-00009654 I can leave the hospital first.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00031-00009654-00009791 The condition of the burn
U0dUwD8mhqA-00032-00009791-00010180 is still like a bandage.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00033-00010323-00010420 There are many areas where the legs are not taut
U0dUwD8mhqA-00034-00010420-00010873 and the skin is not stretched,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00035-00010873-00011127 so I have to take measures.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00036-00011142-00011380 I'm glad that I could
U0dUwD8mhqA-00037-00011380-00011467 cure the skin graft
U0dUwD8mhqA-00038-00011467-00011776 as it is
U0dUwD8mhqA-00039-00011776-00012088 without doing it.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00040-00012147-00012440 My brother also made a video
U0dUwD8mhqA-00041-00012440-00012866 about being in the hospital,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00042-00012866-00013052 but it was 38,9
U0dUwD8mhqA-00043-00013052-00013711 degrees for two weeks.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00044-00013711-00013997 Than you think 38 degrees
U0dUwD8mhqA-00045-00014088-00014396 I could endure it because it was strong against heat
U0dUwD8mhqA-00046-00014452-00014743 I can't think of anything
U0dUwD8mhqA-00047-00014743-00015082 I just watched the video
U0dUwD8mhqA-00048-00015116-00015719 The days of watching dramas continued.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00049-00015756-00015972 I still have a fever
U0dUwD8mhqA-00050-00016044-00016159 It's nothing in the morning
U0dUwD8mhqA-00051-00016159-00016543 If you ride in a wheelchair like this during the day
U0dUwD8mhqA-00052-00016730-00016966 MAX 37.5 degrees
U0dUwD8mhqA-00053-00016966-00017359 will go up
U0dUwD8mhqA-00054-00017450-00017842 I also had pneumonia
U0dUwD8mhqA-00055-00017842-00018143 It was pneumonia caused by the accumulation of water in the lungs
U0dUwD8mhqA-00056-00018143-00018484 caused by sleeping in bed all the time.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00057-00018484-00018707 I have a burn on my butt
U0dUwD8mhqA-00058-00018789-00018952 It happened because
U0dUwD8mhqA-00059-00018952-00019134 I didn't have much time
U0dUwD8mhqA-00060-00019134-00019335 to get up at the beginning.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00061-00019335-00019592 The burns on the butt calm down
U0dUwD8mhqA-00062-00019651-00019995 I have time to ride in a wheelchair
U0dUwD8mhqA-00063-00020142-00020402 When you put your legs down
U0dUwD8mhqA-00064-00020631-00020758 My legs say that it hurts,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00065-00020758-00020988 so my spasticity
U0dUwD8mhqA-00066-00020988-00021287 gets stronger
U0dUwD8mhqA-00067-00021287-00021486 and I shouldn't feel any pain,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00068-00021486-00021689 but my legs hurt a lot.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00069-00021819-00022092 The pain is increasing, so
U0dUwD8mhqA-00070-00022092-00022354 it's hard to get the time to ride
U0dUwD8mhqA-00071-00022354-00022693 in a wheelchair.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00072-00022693-00022820 I'm still resting
U0dUwD8mhqA-00073-00022820-00023183 at home
U0dUwD8mhqA-00074-00023183-00023599 I don't want to say that it's because of the autonomic nerves
U0dUwD8mhqA-00075-00023599-00023883 when I'm in a wheelchair for a long time during the day,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00076-00023883-00024168 but I'm a little vague.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00077-00024168-00024329 It seems that the field of view is narrowed
U0dUwD8mhqA-00078-00024347-00024639 I still feel like I have
U0dUwD8mhqA-00079-00024639-00025024 orthostatic hypotension.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00080-00025094-00025276 It's sweat
U0dUwD8mhqA-00081-00025276-00025568 Even though I turned on the air conditioner
U0dUwD8mhqA-00082-00025568-00025783 when I went to bed, when I woke up in the morning,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00083-00025783-00026156 my T-shirt was messed up.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00084-00026156-00026430 T-shirts and pants become bichobicho
U0dUwD8mhqA-00085-00026430-00026783 The current situation is that I'm sweating
U0dUwD8mhqA-00086-00026783-00027143 when I'm sleeping, which is unusual.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00087-00027143-00027592 I'm wondering if the nerve stimulation has been
U0dUwD8mhqA-00088-00027592-00027683 in a strange state
U0dUwD8mhqA-00089-00027683-00027930 with the painful stimulation from the leg
U0dUwD8mhqA-00090-00027930-00028258 all the time.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00091-00028258-00028533 My legs also hurt,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00092-00028533-00028879 so my legs don't straighten.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00093-00028879-00029075 Even when I'm sleeping, it hurts
U0dUwD8mhqA-00094-00029075-00029375 and my knees are bent.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00095-00029375-00029619 I'm trying my best to stretch it
U0dUwD8mhqA-00096-00029619-00029991 so that my joints don't get stiff.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00097-00029991-00030100 I'm having
U0dUwD8mhqA-00098-00030100-00030513 a hard time
U0dUwD8mhqA-00099-00030747-00031202 Since I was hospitalized at this time of the corona
U0dUwD8mhqA-00100-00031202-00031625 and there is almost no corona in the area where I live,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00101-00031625-00031791 I can visit the area on weekdays
U0dUwD8mhqA-00102-00031791-00032124 with a limit of 15 minutes,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00103-00032124-00032379 but I still can't go outside
U0dUwD8mhqA-00104-00032379-00032558 and wander around the first floor.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00105-00032558-00032719 I can do things
U0dUwD8mhqA-00106-00032896-00033307 For me, who has been active for a year or two,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00107-00033307-00033905 I just can't stand the bond
U0dUwD8mhqA-00108-00034347-00034507 I really like one person
U0dUwD8mhqA-00109-00034507-00034734 I don't like people who have to have time for one person
U0dUwD8mhqA-00110-00034734-00035031 and no space for one person.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00111-00035179-00035351 It's a quadruple room,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00112-00035351-00035620 so when people around you come
U0dUwD8mhqA-00113-00035641-00035985 You say you're always nervous
U0dUwD8mhqA-00114-00036112-00036247 My stomach hurts too
U0dUwD8mhqA-00115-00036247-00036586 I should have been hospitalized
U0dUwD8mhqA-00116-00036586-00036792 if I thought about my body
U0dUwD8mhqA-00117-00036792-00037050 like taking stomach medicine all the time.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00118-00037050-00037338 I really couldn't stand it when I thought about my heart,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00119-00037338-00037810 so I chose to leave the hospital.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00120-00038039-00038224 I'm a weak child
U0dUwD8mhqA-00121-00038224-00038790 So it's really tough
U0dUwD8mhqA-00122-00038790-00039127 to understand the feelings of those who have been hospitalized
U0dUwD8mhqA-00123-00039127-00039298 for a long time at this time.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00124-00039298-00039379 Really tough
U0dUwD8mhqA-00125-00039379-00039610 I think there are more severe points,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00126-00039610-00039720 so when I think of people
U0dUwD8mhqA-00127-00039720-00039821 who are hospitalized
U0dUwD8mhqA-00128-00039821-00040194 without seeing anyone because of illness.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00129-00040350-00040522 I think it's going to be tough
U0dUwD8mhqA-00130-00040522-00040760 But I really
U0dUwD8mhqA-00131-00040760-00040911 respect those who endure it
U0dUwD8mhqA-00132-00040911-00041095 and face their injuries
U0dUwD8mhqA-00133-00041095-00041330 and illnesses.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00134-00041330-00041698 I thought I was hospitalized this time
U0dUwD8mhqA-00135-00041931-00042183 It's been a long time and I can't get my head around
U0dUwD8mhqA-00136-00042318-00042684 I will deliver the video that I was discharged from the hospital.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00137-00042771-00043120 I'm still not
U0dUwD8mhqA-00138-00043120-00043364 in good shape
U0dUwD8mhqA-00139-00043364-00043473 I was doing it
U0dUwD8mhqA-00140-00043473-00043611 until now
U0dUwD8mhqA-00141-00043611-00044027 I would like to take a closer
U0dUwD8mhqA-00142-00044027-00044116 look at the regular delivery
U0dUwD8mhqA-00143-00044116-00044440 on Tuesday and Friday.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00144-00044564-00044769 It's also difficult to shoot
U0dUwD8mhqA-00145-00044769-00044922 a video,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00146-00044922-00045434 I think I'll deliver it in the future
U0dUwD8mhqA-00147-00045434-00045830 while watching my physical condition and condition little by little.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00148-00045830-00046165 First of all, it ’s about the end of August.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00149-00046165-00046573 It depends on what happens to the legs
U0dUwD8mhqA-00150-00046573-00046870 after letting me see the situation for a while.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00151-00046870-00047212 Do the same from September
U0dUwD8mhqA-00152-00047239-00047576 I wish I could distribute the video.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00153-00047576-00047881 It is nice to meet you
U0dUwD8mhqA-00154-00047881-00048195 I haven't really talked to the video
U0dUwD8mhqA-00155-00048195-00048332 for such a long time,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00156-00048332-00048750 so I'm worried
U0dUwD8mhqA-00157-00048750-00049112 if it's transmitted properly.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00158-00049112-00049475 Sometimes I can't look at the camera right now
U0dUwD8mhqA-00159-00049601-00049920 I reported the discharge
U0dUwD8mhqA-00160-00049920-00050144 About detailed burns
U0dUwD8mhqA-00161-00050188-00050566 What is the relationship between burns and lower body paralysis?
U0dUwD8mhqA-00162-00050797-00051132 I had something to experience for myself
U0dUwD8mhqA-00163-00051132-00051345 I hope I can talk about it in the video
U0dUwD8mhqA-00164-00051345-00051691 little by little.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00165-00051691-00052266 First of all, I reported that I was discharged from the hospital this time.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00166-00052365-00052515 I haven't updated
U0dUwD8mhqA-00167-00052515-00052754 Twitter or Instagram at all,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00168-00052754-00053089 but I'm thinking of updating that one
U0dUwD8mhqA-00169-00053089-00053292 little by little,
U0dUwD8mhqA-00170-00053292-00053596 so please check it out.
U0dUwD8mhqA-00171-00053815-00053974 It was a report
U0dUwD8mhqA-00172-00053974-00054191 Thank you for watching
U0dUwD8mhqA-00173-00054191-00054607 until the end today
U26dHS5_ZRM-00000-00000095-00000595 (inaudible chatter)
U26dHS5_ZRM-00001-00001969-00002070 - She left.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00002-00002308-00002586 - Yea, that's true, I didn't realize that.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00003-00002586-00002750 I just remembered you're to my left--
U26dHS5_ZRM-00004-00002750-00002889 - Are we live?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00005-00002889-00003151 Ok, we're just getting set up.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00006-00003151-00003245 Hi everybody.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00007-00003245-00003415 Hey Greg if you're there, hi.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00008-00003555-00003693 And Christine.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00009-00003693-00004193 (inaudible chatter)
U26dHS5_ZRM-00010-00005237-00005737 So I'd like to introduce, Dr. Peter Shea
U26dHS5_ZRM-00011-00005743-00005998 and our esteemed panel
U26dHS5_ZRM-00012-00005998-00006380 of new online teaching ambassadors for 2016.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00013-00006483-00006874 We are doing a panel on the formation
U26dHS5_ZRM-00014-00006874-00007086 of faculty attitudes toward online teaching,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00015-00007086-00007308 which is in conjunction with some research
U26dHS5_ZRM-00016-00007308-00007552 that we're running, I'll let Peter talk more about that
U26dHS5_ZRM-00017-00007552-00007939 but I'd like to introduce Dr. Joanne Souza,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00018-00008036-00008282 raise your hand Dr.,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00019-00008282-00008768 Dr. Alisia Graves Chase from Brockport,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00020-00008768-00009094 and Kathleen Borbee from Monroe Community College.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00021-00009094-00009247 Peter, I'll let you do further,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00022-00009247-00009461 maybe they can introduce themselves a little further.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00023-00009804-00009941 - Ok, well thanks for having us.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00024-00009941-00010138 I'm sorry we're getting started a little late.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00025-00010305-00010477 I wanna do a quick research project,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00026-00010477-00010586 right here right now.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00027-00010586-00010724 Everybody, get ready.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00028-00010724-00010832 (laughter erupts)
U26dHS5_ZRM-00029-00010832-00011035 By a show of hands, how many of you are faculty?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00030-00011166-00011342 Ok, ok.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00031-00011342-00011620 By a show of hands, how many of you accept the value
U26dHS5_ZRM-00032-00011620-00011874 and legitimacy of online learning?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00033-00011964-00012065 Holy crap!
U26dHS5_ZRM-00034-00012065-00012147 (laughter erupts)
U26dHS5_ZRM-00035-00012147-00012246 That's a 100%!
U26dHS5_ZRM-00036-00012246-00012568 This is gonna be good, I like this, this is good.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00037-00012568-00012960 This is just to make a point about representative sampling
U26dHS5_ZRM-00038-00012960-00013163 and distribution is gonna be very different
U26dHS5_ZRM-00039-00013163-00013411 depending on where you get your sample from.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00040-00013534-00013826 So we're gonna talk about faculty attitudes
U26dHS5_ZRM-00041-00013826-00013938 about online learning.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00042-00013938-00014144 I think we've heard a lot of people talk today
U26dHS5_ZRM-00043-00014144-00014386 about how much education matters,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00044-00014386-00014801 how much it matters because it's beneficial
U26dHS5_ZRM-00045-00014801-00015223 not only economically but socially, cognitively,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00046-00015223-00015450 health wise, there's so many benefits
U26dHS5_ZRM-00047-00015450-00015741 to participation in higher education,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00048-00015741-00015905 and being excluded from that participation
U26dHS5_ZRM-00049-00015905-00016072 has profound consequences.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00050-00016072-00016366 So what we're doing with online education primarily
U26dHS5_ZRM-00051-00016366-00016678 is increasing access to people who would otherwise
U26dHS5_ZRM-00052-00016678-00016880 not have access to higher education
U26dHS5_ZRM-00053-00016880-00017165 and all the tremendous benefits that accrue from that.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00054-00017306-00017555 We're talking about attitudes towards online learning.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00055-00017555-00017861 Everybody in this audience has a positive attitude
U26dHS5_ZRM-00056-00017861-00018252 about online learning, but that is very rare.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00057-00018341-00018581 It's very rare to find those kinds of attitudes,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00058-00018581-00018902 that distribution of attitudes is not a common occurrence.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00059-00019041-00019211 i'm gonna show you some data that indicates
U26dHS5_ZRM-00060-00019211-00019660 that nationwide attitudes maybe somewhat different,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00061-00019660-00019832 or probably be considerably different
U26dHS5_ZRM-00062-00019832-00020060 if we have faith in the data.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00063-00020060-00020298 And my hypothesis, and I think a lot of people would agree,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00064-00020298-00020560 is kinda commonsensical, people who have negative attitudes
U26dHS5_ZRM-00065-00020560-00020728 are unlikely to do things
U26dHS5_ZRM-00066-00020728-00020903 that they have negative attitudes about.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00067-00020903-00021299 And that unwillingness to do things like online learning
U26dHS5_ZRM-00068-00021299-00021570 has serious consequences for it's growth
U26dHS5_ZRM-00069-00021570-00021830 and for extending access to all the benefits
U26dHS5_ZRM-00070-00021830-00021967 of higher education.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00071-00022086-00022263 So what do we know about faculty attitudes?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00072-00022263-00022617 I think there's two primary sources of data,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00073-00022617-00022883 there's been national studies that have been conducted
U26dHS5_ZRM-00074-00022883-00023078 by Babson Survey Research Group,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00075-00023078-00023330 everybody who ever writes a paper about online learning,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00076-00023330-00023658 starts with Allen and Siemon say this.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00077-00023788-00024243 And so they are a very, very common resource.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00078-00024243-00024561 So they've done stuff on what do chief academic officers
U26dHS5_ZRM-00079-00024561-00024736 feel about their faculty attitudes?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00080-00024736-00025031 And then there's been a series of surveys
U26dHS5_ZRM-00081-00025031-00025273 that have been done by Gallop and Inside Higher Education,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00082-00025273-00025502 I'm gonna talk a little bit about that.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00083-00025502-00025693 So the Babson Survey Research Group stuff,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00084-00025693-00025821 how many people are familiar
U26dHS5_ZRM-00085-00025821-00026103 with Babson Survey Research Group, Allen Siemon stuff,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00086-00026103-00026603 10 years of research on chief academic officers' beliefs
U26dHS5_ZRM-00087-00026624-00027054 about the strategic value of online eduation.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00088-00027054-00027209 They've always asked about faculty attitudes.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00089-00027209-00027565 For every year that they've asked chief academic officers
U26dHS5_ZRM-00090-00027565-00027836 at every institution in the United States,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00091-00027836-00028060 how do your faculty feel about online education?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00092-00028060-00028254 Do your faculty accept the value and legitimacy
U26dHS5_ZRM-00093-00028254-00028419 of online education?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00094-00028599-00029099 It's reported that like 33% of faculty
U26dHS5_ZRM-00095-00029159-00029318 accept the value and legitimacy.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00096-00029318-00029601 This past year I think it was 29%.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00097-00029601-00029874 So it's hovered up right around 30%, it goes up and down,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00098-00029874-00030012 but not very much.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00099-00030012-00030440 So chief academic officers don't believe nationwide
U26dHS5_ZRM-00100-00030440-00030692 that their faculty accept the value and legitimacy
U26dHS5_ZRM-00101-00030692-00030813 of online education.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00102-00030813-00031098 That has, I think, some potential consequences.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00103-00031098-00031289 But what about faculty themselves?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00104-00031289-00031555 How do they, when we survey faculty directly,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00105-00031555-00031724 how do they feel?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00106-00031724-00031916 So Gallop and Inside Higher Education
U26dHS5_ZRM-00107-00031916-00032236 have done at least four years of national studies.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00108-00032341-00032572 Here's one from 2012 conflicted faculty
U26dHS5_ZRM-00109-00032572-00032798 and online education and if you look at that one,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00110-00032798-00033166 it brings up faculty are less excited
U26dHS5_ZRM-00111-00033166-00033506 and more fearful about online education
U26dHS5_ZRM-00112-00033506-00033886 than academic technology administrators.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00113-00033886-00034371 2013, we see that one in five faculty agree that
U26dHS5_ZRM-00114-00034371-00034736 the learning outcomes form online are equivalent
U26dHS5_ZRM-00115-00034736-00034894 to classroom paced outcomes.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00116-00034894-00035092 Even faculty have taught online,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00117-00035092-00035307 have those negative attitudes.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00118-00035398-00035828 2014, online ed skepticism and sales efficiency,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00119-00035828-00036014 a majority of faculty members
U26dHS5_ZRM-00120-00036014-00036174 with online teaching experience,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00121-00036174-00036367 still say those courses produce results
U26dHS5_ZRM-00122-00036367-00036700 inferior to in person courses.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00123-00036700-00036996 And partial credit 2015, the most recent year
U26dHS5_ZRM-00124-00036996-00037164 that they've done a national study,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00125-00037164-00037390 the gap between administrators and faculty members
U26dHS5_ZRM-00126-00037390-00037628 widened since instructors, including those
U26dHS5_ZRM-00127-00037628-00037820 who have taught online, become more negative
U26dHS5_ZRM-00128-00037820-00037970 about the quality of online education,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00129-00037970-00038158 especially compared to face to face instruction.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00130-00038158-00038449 So four years of national studies,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00131-00038449-00038949 all four years indicating profound skepticism
U26dHS5_ZRM-00132-00039000-00039142 and if you look at the numbers,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00133-00039142-00039615 I mean they're almost too bleak to believe.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00134-00039720-00039888 I would say they're not almost too bleak to believe,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00135-00039888-00040134 they are actually too bleak to believe.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00136-00040134-00040358 The percentage of faculty who strongly agree
U26dHS5_ZRM-00137-00040358-00040583 that online is as good as face to face,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00138-00040583-00040827 nationally, 5%.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00139-00040827-00041216 That means 95% do not have strong agreement,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00140-00041216-00041432 do not strongly endorse that statement.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00141-00041432-00041626 95% of faculty, right?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00142-00041797-00041934 What the hell's going on here?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00143-00042160-00042420 Is there something wrong with online education?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00144-00042420-00042667 Is it inherently inferior?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00145-00042667-00042756 Is it?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00146-00042756-00043020 Reading that stuff, I think if I was not
U26dHS5_ZRM-00147-00043020-00043203 well versed in this, I would come away with,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00148-00043203-00043393 "there must be something wrong, right?"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00149-00043393-00043603 There must be something wrong.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00150-00043603-00043797 That is the dominate narrative that's out there
U26dHS5_ZRM-00151-00043797-00043964 about faculty attitudes right now.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00152-00044054-00044307 The empiracle evidence on the other hand
U26dHS5_ZRM-00153-00044307-00044505 could not be more different,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00154-00044618-00044980 15 meta-analytic studies comparing online and face to face
U26dHS5_ZRM-00155-00044980-00045480 instruction all come up with the same result.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00156-00045481-00045834 They all come up with they are not significantly different.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00157-00045834-00046223 As you look at newer meta-analytical studies,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00158-00046223-00046461 online students appear to be doing
U26dHS5_ZRM-00159-00046461-00046658 somewhat better than classroom students.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00160-00046658-00047046 So you have thousands and thousands and thousands
U26dHS5_ZRM-00161-00047046-00047546 of studies summarized in meta-analytic sort of studies
U26dHS5_ZRM-00162-00047659-00047842 and they all come out with the same answer.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00163-00047955-00048171 Online education is at least as good,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00164-00048171-00048393 and can be as good, and can be better,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00165-00048393-00048605 than classroom based instruction.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00166-00048605-00048802 So there's a problem here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00167-00048802-00049163 There's a mismatch between empiracle evidence
U26dHS5_ZRM-00168-00049163-00049359 and perception, right?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00169-00049359-00049771 The colors, I think, faculty attitudes
U26dHS5_ZRM-00170-00049771-00049923 towards online learning, and it colors
U26dHS5_ZRM-00171-00049923-00050117 the public's attitudes about online learning.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00172-00050204-00050413 I think if you look a little bit deeper into these studies,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00173-00050413-00050629 do faculty really feel that online learning is inferior?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00174-00050629-00050810 We look at these numbers again.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00175-00050810-00051190 First, we take a hard look at the fine print
U26dHS5_ZRM-00176-00051190-00051309 in these studies.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00177-00051419-00051635 These data are not statistically adjusted
U26dHS5_ZRM-00178-00051635-00051835 because of survey non-response,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00179-00051835-00052050 the results from the sample represents the view
U26dHS5_ZRM-00180-00052050-00052215 of only those who participated in the survey,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00181-00052215-00052537 it can not be generalized to faculty
U26dHS5_ZRM-00182-00052537-00052654 across the United States.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00183-00052654-00053047 That's buried in the Gallop Poll studies,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00184-00053047-00053246 the Internet and Higher Education studies.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00185-00053246-00053457 That's not something that gets highlighted.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00186-00053457-00053623 So none of these surveys are representative
U26dHS5_ZRM-00187-00053623-00053932 beyond their respondents, not to US faculty.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00188-00053932-00054341 But even if they were, even if they were,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00189-00054446-00054877 if you look at experienced versus inexperienced faculty
U26dHS5_ZRM-00190-00054877-00055276 you'll see that 41% of experienced faculty,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00191-00055276-00055473 and this was two years ago,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00192-00055473-00055685 agree that online learning outcomes are equivalent,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00193-00055685-00056001 and a minority of experienced online learning faculty
U26dHS5_ZRM-00194-00056001-00056137 would disagree with that.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00195-00056137-00056420 The rest are ambivalent about whether they're
U26dHS5_ZRM-00196-00056551-00056723 equivalent or not.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00197-00056723-00056931 But that's, these are just the survey respondents.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00198-00056931-00057148 This is not nationally representative data.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00199-00057261-00057368 If you look at...
U26dHS5_ZRM-00200-00057643-00057987 outcomes of experienced versus inexperienced faculty,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00201-00057987-00058487 you see a sort of mirror images with the national data.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00202-00058624-00059035 Experienced faculty believe that outcomes are equivalent.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00203-00059035-00059295 Inexperienced faculty do not believe that.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00204-00059494-00059692 And we've replicated this study in SUNY.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00205-00059692-00059919 I think probably some folks were here
U26dHS5_ZRM-00206-00059919-00060114 or at different meetings, CIT last year
U26dHS5_ZRM-00207-00060114-00060565 where we presented results of our replication study
U26dHS5_ZRM-00208-00060565-00060739 of the Gallop Survey.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00209-00060739-00060976 We got permission from Gallop to do a replication study.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00210-00060976-00061359 We had over 400 respondents from SUNY schools.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00211-00061468-00061833 And we have much better results
U26dHS5_ZRM-00212-00061833-00062235 than national results reported today.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00213-00062235-00062467 Almost 76% of SUNY faculty agreed
U26dHS5_ZRM-00214-00062467-00062643 that online and face to face are equivalent,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00215-00062643-00062881 and only 13% of experienced faculty
U26dHS5_ZRM-00216-00062881-00063028 would disagree with that.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00217-00063028-00063492 So we have miles ahead,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00218-00063492-00063690 the community in SUNY is miles ahead
U26dHS5_ZRM-00219-00063690-00064041 of what the faculty nationally are reported to be.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00220-00064268-00064480 If you look at inexperienced faculty nationally
U26dHS5_ZRM-00221-00064480-00064730 versus SUNY, the inexperienced faculty
U26dHS5_ZRM-00222-00064872-00065202 are most in doubt about the equivalence
U26dHS5_ZRM-00223-00065202-00065591 of online education in the courses they teach.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00224-00065732-00065920 Faculty who have not experienced,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00225-00065920-00066105 who have never taught an online course,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00226-00066105-00066418 are most in doubt about the equivalance
U26dHS5_ZRM-00227-00066418-00066626 of online education in their own courses.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00228-00066626-00066941 They say, "oh it could work well at another institution."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00229-00066941-00067127 "Oh it might even work ok at my,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00230-00067127-00067361 "maybe in my department, I'm not sure."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00231-00067361-00067508 "In my courses, it would never work."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00232-00067508-00067641 Right?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00233-00067641-00068017 It's an interesting, (chuckles) step of perspectives.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00234-00068017-00068357 For experienced faculty, it's exactly the opposite.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00235-00068357-00068621 They say, "yea probably works ok at other institutions."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00236-00068621-00068865 "I think it works a little better at my institution,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00237-00068865-00069049 "in fact, in my department, it works even better."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00238-00069049-00069260 "And in my courses, it's no doubt about it"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00239-00069260-00069602 "these are equivalent outcomes."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00240-00069602-00069776 So the more experience people have,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00241-00069776-00069932 the better their attitude is about it,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00242-00069932-00070106 the more accepting they are,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00243-00070106-00070423 and I think the more informed they are.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00244-00070556-00070710 So we're doing this research study,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00245-00070710-00071112 we have a four quadrant model.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00246-00071112-00071313 Right now the narrative is very black and white.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00247-00071313-00071573 It's like, faculty don't like this.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00248-00071573-00071758 We did the study, we did the survey.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00249-00071758-00071992 We don't really know why faculty might not like it,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00250-00071992-00072182 we really don't know if they do or don't like it
U26dHS5_ZRM-00251-00072182-00072500 because studies are not representative.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00252-00072500-00072658 But what we're trying to unpack is,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00253-00072658-00072896 there are faculty who have taught online,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00254-00072896-00073071 there's faculty who never taught online,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00255-00073071-00073272 and there are faculty that have positive attitudes,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00256-00073272-00073398 and faculty that have negative attitudes
U26dHS5_ZRM-00257-00073398-00073627 and can form a foot hole in any one
U26dHS5_ZRM-00258-00073627-00073765 of these four quadrants.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00259-00073874-00074228 At this event, we've been collecting data on faculty
U26dHS5_ZRM-00260-00074228-00074480 who are experienced with online teaching,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00261-00074480-00074637 and who have positive attitudes
U26dHS5_ZRM-00262-00074637-00074823 for filling out this first quadrant.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00263-00074823-00074981 And Daphne and...
U26dHS5_ZRM-00264-00075199-00075526 our research team, Lisa, and Jao
U26dHS5_ZRM-00265-00075810-00076062 and Jen Boysberger, who's not here today
U26dHS5_ZRM-00266-00076062-00076420 and Gwo Chen have all been interviewing people
U26dHS5_ZRM-00267-00076420-00076673 here and will continue to do interviews.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00268-00076673-00076925 Daphne's doing this as part of her doctoral dissertation.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00269-00076925-00077212 Alex is also part of the team and has facilitated
U26dHS5_ZRM-00270-00077212-00077445 our access to so many folks.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00271-00077445-00077582 We really appreciate it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00272-00077582-00077778 So what we're trying to understand is
U26dHS5_ZRM-00273-00077778-00078278 under these conditions, how do people get these attitudes?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00274-00078295-00078578 Why would inexperienced faculty have positive attitudes?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00275-00078578-00078798 Why would inexperienced faculty have negative attitudes?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00276-00078798-00079166 Why would experienced faculty have negative attitudes?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00277-00079166-00079445 And why do experienced faculty have positive attitudes?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00278-00079445-00079783 So that's sort of the deeper dive
U26dHS5_ZRM-00279-00079783-00080068 we're trying to do on the survey results that we did.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00280-00080068-00080256 The survey's being presented at ARA,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00281-00080256-00080572 this is an ongoing active research study.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00282-00080668-00080887 What we want to know is what this will tell us
U26dHS5_ZRM-00283-00080887-00081246 about theory, you know, can we have a model
U26dHS5_ZRM-00284-00081246-00081597 that describes, explains, and predicts this phenomenon?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00285-00081597-00081767 And what does it tell us where to practice?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00286-00081767-00082061 How can we use this information to better,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00287-00082191-00082385 provide better support to faculty?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00288-00082476-00082701 So, I'm gonna sit down.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00289-00082828-00082971 And I'm gonna ask some questions.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00290-00083072-00083291 I'd like to reintroduce our panel.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00291-00083448-00083693 And some questions that we're gonna be--
U26dHS5_ZRM-00292-00083693-00083776 - Is your mic on?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00293-00083776-00083917 - I'm gonna turn it on right now.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00294-00084176-00084326 The questions we're gonna be talking about
U26dHS5_ZRM-00295-00084326-00084516 are up on this screen, can you guys see those?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00296-00084516-00084592 - [Voiceover] Yep.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00297-00084592-00084745 - You can, ok.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00298-00084745-00084938 So why don't we just go down
U26dHS5_ZRM-00299-00084938-00085249 and Felicia, maybe you could introduce yourself
U26dHS5_ZRM-00300-00085249-00085414 real quickly.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00301-00085414-00085660 - I teach at SUNY Brockport, I'm an associate professor
U26dHS5_ZRM-00302-00085660-00085846 and I'm the solo art historian
U26dHS5_ZRM-00303-00085846-00086045 in history of visual cultures.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00304-00086045-00086183 So I work in a studio art department
U26dHS5_ZRM-00305-00086183-00086507 and as the only art historian and you heard me comment
U26dHS5_ZRM-00306-00086507-00086797 on the last speaker's talk, I said,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00307-00086797-00086987 "I'm already the red headed step child,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00308-00086987-00087304 "but I've made myself twice so, by teaching online,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00309-00087304-00087612 because there are to date, no studio classes
U26dHS5_ZRM-00310-00087612-00087858 that are even in a hybrid model on our campus.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00311-00087858-00088190 And so, all my colleagues in my department
U26dHS5_ZRM-00312-00088190-00088548 teach not just face to face, but 2.5 hours at a session,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00313-00088548-00088934 and so they think that my online learning is fluff
U26dHS5_ZRM-00314-00088934-00089191 and that I must sit at home in my pajamas
U26dHS5_ZRM-00315-00089191-00089468 and twiddle my thumbs, so.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00316-00089468-00089565 - Thanks.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00317-00089697-00089978 - I'm Kathleen Borbee and I'm an associate professor
U26dHS5_ZRM-00318-00089978-00090269 in business at Monroe Community College
U26dHS5_ZRM-00319-00090269-00090728 and I teach marketing, sales, business applications.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00320-00090728-00090939 I came to MCC seven years ago
U26dHS5_ZRM-00321-00090939-00091136 after spending 30 years with IBM.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00322-00091260-00091556 - Joanne Souza, I'm faculty at Stony Brook University.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00323-00091556-00091838 I'm also the director of the biology online program.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00324-00091838-00092090 I originally started out at AT&T
U26dHS5_ZRM-00325-00092090-00092343 as a strategical analysis person,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00326-00092343-00092585 for health and education.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00327-00092585-00092830 So I was part of that industry consultant
U26dHS5_ZRM-00328-00092830-00093123 for communications within the education system.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00329-00093123-00093427 I came back to academia because I was interested
U26dHS5_ZRM-00330-00093427-00093626 in how and what people learn
U26dHS5_ZRM-00331-00093626-00093867 under herock learning situations
U26dHS5_ZRM-00332-00093867-00094249 versus democratic learning situations or structures.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00333-00094249-00094569 And that's been the focus of my research all along.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00334-00094569-00094761 You do you want me, how I came into--
U26dHS5_ZRM-00335-00094761-00094969 - So yea, why don't we start with the first question,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00336-00094969-00095134 how'd you come to be teaching online?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00337-00095134-00095303 - I didn't do it on purpose.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00338-00095303-00095432 (laughter erupts)
U26dHS5_ZRM-00339-00095432-00095529 - Fell into it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00340-00095529-00095900 - I fell into it because I was helping to...
U26dHS5_ZRM-00341-00095900-00096038 I was assisting to teach a very large
U26dHS5_ZRM-00342-00096038-00096204 lecture class at Stony Brook
U26dHS5_ZRM-00343-00096204-00096442 and because of my communications background,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00344-00096442-00096833 I realized that this talking head
U26dHS5_ZRM-00345-00096833-00096962 at the front of the room was
U26dHS5_ZRM-00346-00096962-00097156 not exactly democratic learning.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00347-00097156-00097518 So, I looked to take the tools that I had learned at AT&T
U26dHS5_ZRM-00348-00097518-00097830 and to turn it into more of an interactive classroom
U26dHS5_ZRM-00349-00097830-00098201 with discussions and with interactive learning outsets
U26dHS5_ZRM-00350-00098201-00098425 to where students could debate the material,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00351-00098425-00098753 falsification like in science, we put that to work,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00352-00098753-00099030 and gave students the time to think.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00353-00099030-00099242 So in other words, we opened up platforms
U26dHS5_ZRM-00354-00099242-00099438 so that students could think, they could research,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00355-00099438-00099679 without just spontaneously answering.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00356-00099679-00099743 - Ok.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00357-00099743-00099888 - So what happened was it was just
U26dHS5_ZRM-00358-00099888-00100162 this spontaneous development that because the course
U26dHS5_ZRM-00359-00100162-00100573 became so successful, we went from a 52 average in the class
U26dHS5_ZRM-00360-00100573-00100897 to a 75 average in the class, because we had
U26dHS5_ZRM-00361-00100897-00101229 a constant feedback between the discussions and faculty
U26dHS5_ZRM-00362-00101229-00101561 and fixing the lectures as we gave them.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00363-00101561-00101760 So what we did then was we had
U26dHS5_ZRM-00364-00101760-00101993 an unmet demand for the class.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00365-00101993-00102238 And we developed an online class during the summer,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00366-00102238-00102424 for that unmet demand.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00367-00102424-00102614 And it was a very simple transition
U26dHS5_ZRM-00368-00102614-00102931 of good pedagogy from one platform to the other.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00369-00103018-00103123 - Nice, ok.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00370-00103222-00103551 - I too did not necessarily consciously say,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00371-00103551-00103764 "oh I will teach online."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00372-00103764-00103991 I was an online learner without even thinking about it
U26dHS5_ZRM-00373-00103991-00104090 for years.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00374-00104090-00104368 I mean every month I'd have to take courses with IBM,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00375-00104368-00104686 we call it CAT, computer assisted training.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00376-00104686-00104924 And so when I came to MCC,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00377-00105163-00105594 they said in my orientation, "well our online platform"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00378-00105594-00105769 "for course management is Angel."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00379-00105769-00106112 And I thought, "oh, ok, that's what I'm supposed to do."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00380-00106112-00106330 I took every Angle course they offered.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00381-00106330-00106688 We have an amazing instructional technologies department.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00382-00106688-00106901 And, because of that, then they said,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00383-00106901-00107137 "oh you're qualified to teach online."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00384-00107137-00107455 I said, "oh, ok, I'll do that."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00385-00107455-00107659 And it just seemed like a natural progression.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00386-00107659-00107996 In addition at the same time, I had a daughter
U26dHS5_ZRM-00387-00107996-00108311 who was just starting to go to school at MCC
U26dHS5_ZRM-00388-00108311-00108582 at the same time and she was taking a combination
U26dHS5_ZRM-00389-00108582-00108953 of both face to face and online courses.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00390-00108953-00109384 And so I had that opportunity to sort of watch her
U26dHS5_ZRM-00391-00109384-00109600 walk through her online courses
U26dHS5_ZRM-00392-00109600-00109902 and I was constantly asking her,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00393-00109902-00110282 "so what do you think, is online better than face to face?"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00394-00110282-00110660 And she would say, "no, it's just different."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00395-00110660-00111001 She said, "as a matter of fact, many of my online courses,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00396-00111001-00111463 she felt, "were harder and more research based."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00397-00111463-00111820 And she sometimes felt she even worked harder
U26dHS5_ZRM-00398-00111820-00112280 in her online courses, so I just got a student appreciation
U26dHS5_ZRM-00399-00112442-00112659 while I was developing my online course
U26dHS5_ZRM-00400-00112659-00112858 and it just seemed like a natural progression.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00401-00113016-00113370 - I did not conscientiously choose or consciously choose,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00402-00113370-00113508 well obviously I was conscious
U26dHS5_ZRM-00403-00113508-00113794 but not necessarily intentionally in my choice,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00404-00113794-00113984 of online teaching.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00405-00113984-00114192 I was already teaching during summer session
U26dHS5_ZRM-00406-00114192-00114642 and I have a particularly old building in which I teach.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00407-00114642-00115068 And on any given day, it would get up to about 75 to 80
U26dHS5_ZRM-00408-00115068-00115244 in my summer session classes,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00409-00115244-00115476 and they were four to five hours at a stretch,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00410-00115476-00115878 and my students just were not staying with me.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00411-00115878-00116052 No matter how peppy I tried to be,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00412-00116052-00116229 no matter how many times we broke
U26dHS5_ZRM-00413-00116229-00116409 over the course of those four hours,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00414-00116409-00116625 I realized it was really not working.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00415-00116625-00116913 And so I thought, well if we teach, if I teach this online,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00416-00116913-00117256 they'll be in an air conditioned space somewhere
U26dHS5_ZRM-00417-00117256-00117452 and I might have better results.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00418-00117452-00117511 - Ok.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00419-00117511-00117597 (laughter erupts)
U26dHS5_ZRM-00420-00117597-00117729 So it doesn't sound like anybody
U26dHS5_ZRM-00421-00117729-00118011 was necessarily influenced by colleagues or it was--
U26dHS5_ZRM-00422-00118011-00118081 - No.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00423-00118081-00118321 - Not persuaded by somebody else
U26dHS5_ZRM-00424-00118321-00118554 who kind of just either fell into it
U26dHS5_ZRM-00425-00118554-00118907 or it's a solution to a problem you had.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00426-00118907-00119087 - To a real practical problem, right.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00427-00119087-00119265 - I think as far as colleagues for me,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00428-00119265-00119521 because I was also pursuing my PhD online
U26dHS5_ZRM-00429-00119521-00119734 from Oren International or Waldo.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00430-00119734-00120009 I was on both sides of the blackboard basically.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00431-00120009-00120245 So everything that I saw that didn't work
U26dHS5_ZRM-00432-00120245-00120474 in an online class, I then moved over
U26dHS5_ZRM-00433-00120474-00120679 into my online class and fixed it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00434-00120679-00120872 So I took what worked,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00435-00120872-00121138 I took over 130 credits online myself.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00436-00121138-00121212 - Ok.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00437-00121212-00121462 - So I took what worked and I brought it in
U26dHS5_ZRM-00438-00121462-00121738 and I took what didn't work and I fixed it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00439-00121738-00122032 So colleagues, those colleagues, were the students
U26dHS5_ZRM-00440-00122032-00122274 in my online classes that influenced me,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00441-00122274-00122489 not so much my colleagues at Stony Brook.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00442-00122489-00122825 - So it sounds like you either had experiences
U26dHS5_ZRM-00443-00122825-00123167 that either predated your teaching online courses yourself
U26dHS5_ZRM-00444-00123167-00123409 either as students in online courses,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00445-00123409-00123751 and you just saw it as a solution for practical problems.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00446-00123751-00123932 - I saw it as a solution to a practical problem
U26dHS5_ZRM-00447-00123932-00124178 but one of the reasons I think I have a good affect
U26dHS5_ZRM-00448-00124178-00124361 with my students is because I have a section
U26dHS5_ZRM-00449-00124361-00124798 where it's about me on my blackboard platform,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00450-00124798-00125134 and I tell them how I started off as a traditional learner
U26dHS5_ZRM-00451-00125134-00125369 at Cornell as a freshman, because my father
U26dHS5_ZRM-00452-00125369-00125594 wanted me to be an attorney and I hated it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00453-00125594-00125914 So I kind of went off to Boston and did a bunch of things
U26dHS5_ZRM-00454-00125914-00126238 but I went to school at night and finished my BA that way
U26dHS5_ZRM-00455-00126238-00126573 and I realized I basically had the equivalent
U26dHS5_ZRM-00456-00126573-00126828 of online learning 20 years ago.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00457-00126828-00127078 And so when I realized that, it made me
U26dHS5_ZRM-00458-00127078-00127367 much more empathetic and much more invested
U26dHS5_ZRM-00459-00127367-00127584 in who I was teaching because I realized
U26dHS5_ZRM-00460-00127584-00127828 I had been in their shoes and that made it
U26dHS5_ZRM-00461-00127828-00128112 much more real for me.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00462-00128112-00128342 - So one of the things that we're trying to get at,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00463-00128342-00128799 is in order for faculty to accept and
U26dHS5_ZRM-00464-00128799-00129299 not only try it, but to innovate with it, to excel on it,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00465-00129299-00129744 to stick with it, are there kinds of supports that you got,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00466-00129744-00130018 either from an institution or from up at SUNY
U26dHS5_ZRM-00467-00130018-00130176 or from anywhere?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00468-00130303-00130803 - I have to say I have a lot of support
U26dHS5_ZRM-00469-00130936-00131187 when I first started and today even more support
U26dHS5_ZRM-00470-00131187-00131464 from our instructional technologies department.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00471-00131569-00131760 We're very fortunate at Monroe Community College
U26dHS5_ZRM-00472-00131760-00132048 to have Dr. Larry Dugan, he's been with us
U26dHS5_ZRM-00473-00132048-00132214 for about a year and a half now,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00474-00132214-00132452 and standing right out there.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00475-00132452-00132914 But you know, I passed by the office
U26dHS5_ZRM-00476-00132914-00133100 I can't tell you how many times a day,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00477-00133196-00133487 between my face to face classes and I just pop in,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00478-00133487-00133674 and there's an instructional designer there,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00479-00133674-00133955 and I'll ask a question and I'll whip out my PC
U26dHS5_ZRM-00480-00133955-00134162 and I'll sit down and they'll answer a problem
U26dHS5_ZRM-00481-00134162-00134285 for me right away.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00482-00134285-00134601 I mean, I'm very, very fortunate, I truly, truly am.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00483-00134697-00134849 They've been amazing.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00484-00134849-00135237 And a little earlier in one of the sharing presentations,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00485-00135237-00135395 I said I was involved in COIL,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00486-00135395-00135631 the Collaborative Online International Learning,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00487-00135631-00135855 and I don't think I could possibly have
U26dHS5_ZRM-00488-00135855-00136211 pulled that whole thing off without
U26dHS5_ZRM-00489-00136211-00136681 a collective set of support personal from our library,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00490-00136681-00136965 from Larry Dugan's organization.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00491-00136965-00137276 It was really kind of like, "oh yea, we're gonna do this."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00492-00137276-00137450 'Cause I was the first one in my institution
U26dHS5_ZRM-00493-00137450-00137564 to ever do it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00494-00137564-00137776 And we all just pulled it together and there was,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00495-00137776-00138134 there were a lot of nail biting technology issues
U26dHS5_ZRM-00496-00138134-00138308 and when you're trying to connect
U26dHS5_ZRM-00497-00138308-00138435 and you see somebody on the screen
U26dHS5_ZRM-00498-00138435-00138565 and they're in Mexico and you've got
U26dHS5_ZRM-00499-00138565-00138746 this time clock ticking away,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00500-00138746-00138938 and your students are gonna be presenting in five minutes,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00501-00138938-00139086 and things are not working,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00502-00139086-00139383 you need a good set of support people to help you out.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00503-00139383-00139579 And that's what I have, I'm very, very fortunate
U26dHS5_ZRM-00504-00139579-00139780 to have that.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00505-00139780-00139980 - My (mumbles)...
U26dHS5_ZRM-00506-00139980-00140094 From the business world,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00507-00140094-00140202 from working in the business I did,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00508-00140202-00140357 which is mostly large businesses
U26dHS5_ZRM-00509-00140357-00140588 and I had Board of Education for the state of New York
U26dHS5_ZRM-00510-00140588-00140848 as an account, what people's objection is,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00511-00140848-00141244 what they voice, is usually not what the real objection is.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00512-00141244-00141472 What they say and what is the real objection
U26dHS5_ZRM-00513-00141472-00141640 is something that you have to dig for.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00514-00141640-00141823 And normally what I've found is
U26dHS5_ZRM-00515-00141823-00142017 that with faculty that I deal with,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00516-00142017-00142326 because I have tenured track research faculty
U26dHS5_ZRM-00517-00142326-00142625 that are teaching our online courses with us.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00518-00142625-00142971 That, if they have the support and they have the resources,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00519-00142971-00143204 they will do it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00520-00143204-00143413 That the problem with the negative attitude,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00521-00143413-00143558 and they'll just grab anything,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00522-00143558-00143920 a buzzword that says whatever the reason their objection is,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00523-00143920-00144156 the real objection is if there's no revenue,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00524-00144156-00144368 they're not naive.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00525-00144368-00144615 If there's no revenue to support what's needed,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00526-00144615-00144949 then they're going to have a negative attitude.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00527-00144949-00145273 If it's there, the resources are there
U26dHS5_ZRM-00528-00145273-00145392 and they're being distributed
U26dHS5_ZRM-00529-00145392-00145527 to the boots on the ground people
U26dHS5_ZRM-00530-00145527-00145729 who are actually doing the support,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00531-00145729-00146084 then the positive attitude will emerge as an affect.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00532-00146084-00146247 And that's pretty much what I've found,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00533-00146247-00146469 because of the faculty that we have.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00534-00146469-00146610 It's not something I just thought,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00535-00146610-00146800 it's something we implemented.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00536-00146800-00147083 And it has been very successful.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00537-00147083-00147297 And Stony Brook has been very good right now
U26dHS5_ZRM-00538-00147297-00147501 as far as the biology online program
U26dHS5_ZRM-00539-00147501-00147811 and redistributing the revenue to the boots on the ground,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00540-00147811-00148011 can we make it a sustainable model?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00541-00148011-00148299 My question is, can we continue to do that
U26dHS5_ZRM-00542-00148299-00148571 if it's not a statewide type of model?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00543-00148726-00148906 - I'm very lucky at SUNY Brockport,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00544-00148906-00149116 I have always had Karen Shelley Williams
U26dHS5_ZRM-00545-00149116-00149316 who runs our SUNY Learning Network
U26dHS5_ZRM-00546-00149316-00149611 and then Ann Giralico-Pearlman
U26dHS5_ZRM-00547-00149611-00150015 helped me with my course design and implementation.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00548-00150015-00150259 And Chris Price is there as well,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00549-00150259-00150493 and he would give me my kind of moral support,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00550-00150493-00150729 when I decided whether or not I was going
U26dHS5_ZRM-00551-00150729-00150938 to do open-book testing.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00552-00151025-00151177 I remember that he said to me,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00553-00151177-00151401 "well why can't the moment of assessment"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00554-00151401-00151645 "also be the moment of acquisition?"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00555-00151645-00151830 And I asked him to explain and he said,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00556-00151830-00151999 "in a face to face format class,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00557-00151999-00152189 "when a student doesn't have the answer,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00558-00152315-00152507 "they probably never go look it up ever again,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00559-00152507-00152770 "they get their test back and they walk out of the door."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00560-00152770-00153119 "And yet when you give an open-book test online"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00561-00153119-00153357 "the student has the chance to acquire that knowledge"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00562-00153357-00153667 "if for the first time, then, they still acquire it."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00563-00153667-00153868 And having conversations like that
U26dHS5_ZRM-00564-00153868-00154170 and having people I could bounce my ideas off of,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00565-00154170-00154364 and just the technical support
U26dHS5_ZRM-00566-00154364-00154661 was, I think, what kept me going.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00567-00154661-00154820 Because, the moments that were challenging,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00568-00154820-00154967 I had already had a community who could
U26dHS5_ZRM-00569-00154967-00155133 discuss those things with me.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00570-00155253-00155753 - So, it sounds like there was a very positive influence
U26dHS5_ZRM-00571-00155811-00156043 on the support that you have towards your attitudes
U26dHS5_ZRM-00572-00156043-00156274 persist with it, maybe to innovate with it,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00573-00156274-00156408 to try new things.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00574-00156408-00156643 Is there, were there any downsides then?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00575-00156643-00156804 Did you experience any challenge...
U26dHS5_ZRM-00576-00156804-00156973 I mean obviously, you've experienced challenges,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00577-00156973-00157247 what are some of the biggest challenges you experienced?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00578-00157247-00157470 - Continuing the model, the revenue model,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00579-00157470-00157620 as money got tighter and tighter.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00580-00157620-00157689 - How?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00581-00157798-00158019 - For us, that's basically what the problem is.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00582-00158019-00158324 Because people like to problem solve, they love to.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00583-00158324-00158565 And if you give them the time and the freedom
U26dHS5_ZRM-00584-00158565-00158701 to problem solve, they will,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00585-00158701-00158870 but they need the resource support.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00586-00158870-00159191 And if they don't have the resource support,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00587-00159191-00159593 they can't be successful at what you're asking them to do.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00588-00159593-00159755 And as I said, they're not naive.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00589-00159755-00160057 They know when they can be successful and when they can't.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00590-00160057-00160369 And when they can't, that's the obstacle.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00591-00160369-00160503 The people will not join you,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00592-00160503-00160689 and I don't care how much you rah-rah them,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00593-00160689-00161091 it isn't going to work because they intuitively know
U26dHS5_ZRM-00594-00161091-00161340 that this is not a successful enterprise.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00595-00161340-00161636 That I should be redistributing my time towards...
U26dHS5_ZRM-00596-00161636-00161918 But if we could fix the revenue return model,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00597-00161918-00162126 I think you'd see a lot more people
U26dHS5_ZRM-00598-00162126-00162263 suddenly become positive.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00599-00162263-00162343 - Ok.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00600-00162453-00162677 Are the challenges that you've confronted that were--
U26dHS5_ZRM-00601-00162677-00162802 - Uhm.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00602-00162802-00163058 - Maybe you were dampening your enthusiasm?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00603-00163058-00163484 - Yea, I think there were definitely times,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00604-00163600-00163892 certainly last semester, when I was sort of immersed
U26dHS5_ZRM-00605-00163892-00164194 in this online international project,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00606-00164194-00164452 that I kept saying to myself, "oh my God,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00607-00164580-00164811 "what am I doing to myself?"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00608-00164811-00165054 "I did this, oh ok, be positive,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00609-00165054-00165263 "you want to model what you want out of your students,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00610-00165263-00165483 and I had to do a lot of self-talking
U26dHS5_ZRM-00611-00165483-00165727 because there just seemed to be
U26dHS5_ZRM-00612-00165727-00166089 so many different things coming at me.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00613-00166089-00166311 And then I realized that I would have
U26dHS5_ZRM-00614-00166311-00166523 to consciously tell myself, "step back,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00615-00166523-00166739 "you've got a support group here."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00616-00166739-00166931 'Cause often times I'd think sometime as faculty,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00617-00166931-00167325 we tend to embrace this is our course
U26dHS5_ZRM-00618-00167325-00167689 and we're very parochial about what we've created.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00619-00167783-00168083 I would just kind of say, "oh guys, I need some help."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00620-00168083-00168343 "I need this, I need that," and so
U26dHS5_ZRM-00621-00168343-00168663 our instructional technologies was always there for me
U26dHS5_ZRM-00622-00168663-00169055 to help me, make suggestions, bail me out,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00623-00169055-00169237 that kind of a thing.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00624-00169237-00169537 I relied on them a lot and I just had to keep telling myself
U26dHS5_ZRM-00625-00169648-00170148 accept help, don't, this is really not your baby.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00626-00170171-00170390 This is something that you happen to be doing
U26dHS5_ZRM-00627-00170390-00170605 for the first time, but you're gonna be sharing it
U26dHS5_ZRM-00628-00170605-00170793 with the rest of the campus
U26dHS5_ZRM-00629-00170793-00171028 so that we can all learn from my mistakes.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00630-00171206-00171524 - I wanna get to the question of equivalence of outcomes.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00631-00171524-00171917 And I think it's a big result
U26dHS5_ZRM-00632-00171917-00172157 that's been reported for four years
U26dHS5_ZRM-00633-00172157-00172431 as a national study result.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00634-00172523-00172811 Do you feel like outcomes in the classes
U26dHS5_ZRM-00635-00172811-00173063 you teach online are equivalent to the classes
U26dHS5_ZRM-00636-00173063-00173269 you've taught in a classroom?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00637-00173269-00173565 - Well I just talked about the fact that I feel
U26dHS5_ZRM-00638-00173565-00173845 that in my new model of testing online
U26dHS5_ZRM-00639-00173845-00174133 and I have open-book un-timed exams,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00640-00174133-00174461 that because they have a number of essay questions,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00641-00174461-00174802 that you can't do that in the classroom necessarily,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00642-00174802-00175231 have the moment of assessment be the moment of acquisition.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00643-00175231-00175502 I think my students are getting more in that sense,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00644-00175502-00175815 but I also feel that in something like a discussion board,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00645-00175815-00176115 and Alisia who was the guest speaker actually said that.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00646-00176115-00176379 That gives her time for reflection,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00647-00176379-00176649 when she can ponder the discussion question
U26dHS5_ZRM-00648-00176649-00176853 and come up with a considered response
U26dHS5_ZRM-00649-00176853-00177099 that utilizes various sources on the web.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00650-00177099-00177339 That makes, even if it is a synchronous,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00651-00177339-00177839 a much more rich and enriching discussion.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00652-00177852-00178206 And you can have a great energy in the classroom
U26dHS5_ZRM-00653-00178206-00178418 but I don't necessarily think that you get
U26dHS5_ZRM-00654-00178418-00178874 the same depth and level of conversation and discussion
U26dHS5_ZRM-00655-00178874-00179142 because students are thinking on the fly,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00656-00179142-00179312 they're also worried about
U26dHS5_ZRM-00657-00179312-00179506 what they're classmates might think,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00658-00179506-00179771 they don't have time to prepare their responses.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00659-00179771-00180212 So I've found that the level of outcome is much higher
U26dHS5_ZRM-00660-00180212-00180342 in my classes.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00661-00180514-00180666 - I would agree with that.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00662-00180666-00180973 They're equivalent or perhaps, as you say,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00663-00180973-00181183 higher in the online course.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00664-00181183-00181495 And as I have developed and refined
U26dHS5_ZRM-00665-00181495-00181799 my face to face classes with my online classes,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00666-00181799-00182215 I've found that I'm making them very, very similar.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00667-00182215-00182375 They're almost identical,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00668-00182375-00182561 because all of my face to face classes
U26dHS5_ZRM-00669-00182561-00182732 are very web enhanced.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00670-00182833-00183323 And so with publishers, providing a great deal
U26dHS5_ZRM-00671-00183323-00183805 of online material for whatever text one uses,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00672-00183892-00184080 I can structure that online material
U26dHS5_ZRM-00673-00184080-00184408 in both the face to face class and the online class
U26dHS5_ZRM-00674-00184408-00184642 in exactly the same way.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00675-00184642-00184859 And what I've tried to do is essentially flip
U26dHS5_ZRM-00676-00184859-00185359 my face to face classes so that they're doing
U26dHS5_ZRM-00677-00185360-00185724 that work online as are my online students
U26dHS5_ZRM-00678-00185724-00185931 and then when they come into the classroom,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00679-00185931-00186337 I give them a problem and they work on it in teams
U26dHS5_ZRM-00680-00186337-00186525 and then they have to put it on the smartboard,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00681-00186525-00186624 or that type of thing.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00682-00186624-00186840 Well in the online class, they're doing
U26dHS5_ZRM-00683-00186840-00187267 their online publisher stuff, but then they're coming
U26dHS5_ZRM-00684-00187267-00187569 to the voice threads and they're getting
U26dHS5_ZRM-00685-00187569-00187831 that same problem posed and they're needing
U26dHS5_ZRM-00686-00187831-00188249 to respond and I make sure I grade them
U26dHS5_ZRM-00687-00188249-00188439 on the fact that they're using a variety
U26dHS5_ZRM-00688-00188439-00188652 of different voice thread components,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00689-00188652-00189038 writing and word and video, that type of thing.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00690-00189038-00189335 So there really is that interaction.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00691-00189458-00189603 Just this semester, I've just started
U26dHS5_ZRM-00692-00189802-00190015 totally testing this out, but having
U26dHS5_ZRM-00693-00190015-00190486 zoom five minute snippets at various times
U26dHS5_ZRM-00694-00190486-00190794 with every single student in my online course.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00695-00190794-00191024 And I'm sitting at my kitchen having my tea at night,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00696-00191024-00191189 and they're like, "ok, this is your time,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00697-00191189-00191347 "how you doing, everything cool?"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00698-00191347-00191438 You know that kind of thing--
U26dHS5_ZRM-00699-00191438-00191560 - So five minute synchronous interaction.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00700-00191560-00191628 - Yep.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00701-00191628-00192030 And they're like, "oh my God, I've never done this before."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00702-00192030-00192305 But again, wow you're really there.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00703-00192305-00192513 It just gives them that mental connection
U26dHS5_ZRM-00704-00192513-00192642 that this is real.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00705-00192777-00193017 - So on the question of equivalence, what?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00706-00193152-00193397 - To tell you the truth, it's not just what I think.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00707-00193397-00193663 We have 10 years of data showing the differences
U26dHS5_ZRM-00708-00193663-00193906 between the two classes and then what we did
U26dHS5_ZRM-00709-00193906-00194033 to do the same thing.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00710-00194033-00194319 Like I started the other way, from the live to the online
U26dHS5_ZRM-00711-00194319-00194573 and then the online to the live, back and forth,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00712-00194573-00194714 so there's not that much of a difference
U26dHS5_ZRM-00713-00194714-00194935 between the pedagogy in either class now.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00714-00195019-00195218 Because of the technology, you can do that.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00715-00195218-00195448 But I have the data that actually shows
U26dHS5_ZRM-00716-00195448-00195604 that in the beginning they did
U26dHS5_ZRM-00717-00195604-00195883 just as well as the live class,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00718-00195883-00196178 and in some instances they did better.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00719-00196178-00196366 The poorer students actually did better
U26dHS5_ZRM-00720-00196477-00196676 because what happened was we brought them
U26dHS5_ZRM-00721-00196676-00197052 through the online class in a very structured way,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00722-00197052-00197257 they had work that they had to do.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00723-00197257-00197517 They had to think through, it was just rote memorization.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00724-00197517-00197713 They learned to critically problem solve.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00725-00197713-00197911 And when we put a live class
U26dHS5_ZRM-00726-00197911-00198388 without all our resources that we used
U26dHS5_ZRM-00727-00198388-00198636 for the learning access against online,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00728-00198636-00198949 the online students actually had poor GPAs,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00729-00198949-00199265 didn't do as well coming in and did better
U26dHS5_ZRM-00730-00199265-00199404 going out of the class.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00731-00199404-00199835 So we have 10 years of data showing that you can do this.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00732-00199835-00200139 Not only that, when we started this,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00733-00200139-00200367 we had a split in the curve, ok?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00734-00200367-00200718 Because that embraced the new way of doing things
U26dHS5_ZRM-00735-00200718-00200996 and problem solving and the more rigorous portions
U26dHS5_ZRM-00736-00200996-00201406 of the online atmosphere, did better.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00737-00201406-00201620 Pulled the curve out from under the students who didn't,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00738-00201620-00201898 and then eventually the whole curve moved.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00739-00201898-00202344 So it's positive in many, many regards.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00740-00202344-00202623 not just for the online environment,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00741-00202623-00202830 but for the live environment too,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00742-00202830-00203088 to feedback that information.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00743-00203088-00203229 - So another issue that comes out
U26dHS5_ZRM-00744-00203229-00203643 of the national studies is that faculty believe
U26dHS5_ZRM-00745-00203643-00203998 that interaction with students
U26dHS5_ZRM-00746-00203998-00204498 is extremely important in higher education.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00747-00204530-00204724 And they do not believe that interaction with students
U26dHS5_ZRM-00748-00204724-00204980 is possible on online environments.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00749-00204980-00205290 How do you ensure in your classes,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00750-00205290-00205761 that students have sufficient and high quality interaction
U26dHS5_ZRM-00751-00205761-00206008 with content, with each other, and with you?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00752-00206391-00206684 - The first thing is we set up the structure of the class
U26dHS5_ZRM-00753-00206684-00206926 and then, as I said, a more democratic way.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00754-00206926-00207128 So the way the grading rubric is set up,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00755-00207128-00207319 the example of grade, the discussion post,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00756-00207319-00207551 things like that, the students are actually
U26dHS5_ZRM-00757-00207551-00207756 graded on their critical thought
U26dHS5_ZRM-00758-00207756-00207907 and the debate with each other.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00759-00207907-00208123 Basically using research databases
U26dHS5_ZRM-00760-00208123-00208546 and using falsification of science, and debating each other.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00761-00208546-00208894 We stay out of those as faculty members.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00762-00208894-00209064 There are undergraduate TAs in there
U26dHS5_ZRM-00763-00209064-00209229 mentoring the students and pushing them
U26dHS5_ZRM-00764-00209229-00209431 towards critical thought.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00765-00209431-00209590 We come in after they're finished
U26dHS5_ZRM-00766-00209590-00209974 and clarify, basically, a thread at a time.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00767-00209974-00210214 Ok, any thread that didn't come through
U26dHS5_ZRM-00768-00210214-00210594 and clear itself up itself, we'll come in and clarify,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00769-00210594-00211002 not specifically picking on anyone student or another,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00770-00211002-00211175 just on the whole thread.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00771-00211175-00211440 And then in the grading what we do
U26dHS5_ZRM-00772-00211440-00211626 is then we put our personal comments
U26dHS5_ZRM-00773-00211626-00211782 into each individual student.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00774-00211782-00212062 So they get both, they get the public forum
U26dHS5_ZRM-00775-00212062-00212294 where we comment after their discussions,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00776-00212294-00212593 and then they get comments on the grading side from us.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00777-00212593-00212773 Meanwhile, they're getting comments
U26dHS5_ZRM-00778-00212773-00213068 from the undergraduate TAs to push their critical thought.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00779-00213068-00213288 So I found that I get to know my students
U26dHS5_ZRM-00780-00213288-00213538 much, much better in this environment,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00781-00213538-00213748 and I get to know more of them better.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00782-00213974-00214188 - I would say I would get to know my students
U26dHS5_ZRM-00783-00214188-00214338 a lot better as well.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00784-00214544-00214802 I just started using voice threads last semester
U26dHS5_ZRM-00785-00214802-00215035 because we just got it available.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00786-00215035-00215336 - So voice threads for those who may not know,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00787-00215336-00215516 and I think that most people do know,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00788-00215516-00215851 is an asynchronous audio and video--
U26dHS5_ZRM-00789-00215851-00216244 - Right, it can be an asynchronous audio, video,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00790-00216244-00216674 it could be written, or you can create an offline PDF
U26dHS5_ZRM-00791-00216674-00217097 or some component that you can then upload as well.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00792-00217323-00217606 And I asked each of them to create
U26dHS5_ZRM-00793-00217606-00217927 an introductory voice thread,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00794-00217927-00218187 and I was just absolutely amazed.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00795-00218187-00218461 I mean, they posted pictures of their children
U26dHS5_ZRM-00796-00218461-00218649 and their last vacation and their pets,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00797-00218649-00219106 and it was just, there was so much video going on
U26dHS5_ZRM-00798-00219106-00219413 and they were going back and forth,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00799-00219413-00219587 "oh that's really cool," whatever,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00800-00219587-00219909 it was so much more lively
U26dHS5_ZRM-00801-00219909-00220337 than just the generic icebreaker discussion board
U26dHS5_ZRM-00802-00220337-00220512 that I had done previously.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00803-00220636-00220868 So right away I set a tone that was very upbeat
U26dHS5_ZRM-00804-00220868-00220976 for the class.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00805-00220976-00221258 And then, going through the course
U26dHS5_ZRM-00806-00221258-00221374 and all the different chapters
U26dHS5_ZRM-00807-00221374-00221590 that I had the voice thread assignments on,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00808-00221590-00221945 again, I will post something, and I usually begin it
U26dHS5_ZRM-00809-00221945-00222162 with a video of me.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00810-00222162-00222470 So they see me, I'm right there, and I'm talking about this.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00811-00222600-00222909 I could be capturing my screen
U26dHS5_ZRM-00812-00222909-00223186 or just showing pictures and then
U26dHS5_ZRM-00813-00223186-00223321 they have to comment on it,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00814-00223321-00223515 so they've got me right there
U26dHS5_ZRM-00815-00223638-00223859 whether they like it or not
U26dHS5_ZRM-00816-00223859-00224328 and then I make sure they have a very specific way
U26dHS5_ZRM-00817-00224328-00224578 in which they need to respond.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00818-00224578-00224783 They have to use a variety of different,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00819-00224783-00224982 as I said before, methodologies.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00820-00224982-00225187 I want them to do writing, I want them to do audio,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00821-00225187-00225517 I want them to do video, they can't just use one.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00822-00225517-00225765 They have to mix it up and there's a whole rubric
U26dHS5_ZRM-00823-00225765-00226092 that I have for grading each one of their voice threads.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00824-00226092-00226317 It's just a check mark in a box, you've done this,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00825-00226317-00226705 and then I comment on each one of their voice threads.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00826-00226705-00226929 So they really get a lot of interaction.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00827-00226929-00227198 I mean, I'm not sure I necessarily comment
U26dHS5_ZRM-00828-00227198-00227688 in a face to face class on every single student's work.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00829-00227688-00227996 And as we all know, our students themselves don't comment
U26dHS5_ZRM-00830-00227996-00228196 every single class that they're in.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00831-00228196-00228422 But online classes, they do.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00832-00228422-00228748 And then of course we'll see where the zoom video goes
U26dHS5_ZRM-00833-00228748-00228980 and we'll see how that, like I said,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00834-00228980-00229109 I'm just testing that out.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00835-00229109-00229239 - The synchronous video.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00836-00229239-00229668 - Uh yea, that is synchronous video, zoom, that's live.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00837-00229668-00229937 Whereas the voice threads is the asynchronous type of thing.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00838-00229937-00230190 So I think between both of those technologies,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00839-00230190-00230529 I think there's a great deal of interaction
U26dHS5_ZRM-00840-00230529-00230963 and probably far more than in a typical face to face class.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00841-00230963-00231105 - Ok.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00842-00231105-00231349 - I would have to agree, I also use voice thread
U26dHS5_ZRM-00843-00231349-00231607 as a way to have them give presentations
U26dHS5_ZRM-00844-00231607-00231787 for one another, showing what they've learned
U26dHS5_ZRM-00845-00231787-00232187 over the course of the five weeks or seven week session.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00846-00232331-00232494 That way they can all interact
U26dHS5_ZRM-00847-00232494-00232697 and they can all watch each others' presentations
U26dHS5_ZRM-00848-00232697-00232921 and they're required to watch in depth
U26dHS5_ZRM-00849-00232921-00233318 at least five to seven other presentations.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00850-00233318-00233708 Which if they were sitting in a classroom,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00851-00233708-00233944 we would only have the face to face classroom,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00852-00233944-00234167 we would only have maybe a week or two weeks
U26dHS5_ZRM-00853-00234167-00234396 worth of class time which is six hours
U26dHS5_ZRM-00854-00234396-00234541 to give presentations.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00855-00234541-00234820 It'd be 10 minutes, it'd be short, it'd be cursory,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00856-00234820-00234935 they'd be bored.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00857-00234935-00235172 This way they can get online whenever they want
U26dHS5_ZRM-00858-00235172-00235451 and they can really engage with the presentations.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00859-00235451-00235715 - So you're leveraging the asynchronous nature of--
U26dHS5_ZRM-00860-00235715-00235930 - I leverage the asynchronous like you can't believe.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00861-00235930-00236228 I mean I really think, I said this recently,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00862-00236228-00236388 when we had our online teaching expo
U26dHS5_ZRM-00863-00236388-00236714 and I made a handout to give to interested faculty
U26dHS5_ZRM-00864-00236714-00237039 about my tips after teaching online for four years
U26dHS5_ZRM-00865-00237039-00237180 and one of the things I said,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00866-00237180-00237349 you know the asynchronous nature
U26dHS5_ZRM-00867-00237349-00237648 of online teaching is what most people see
U26dHS5_ZRM-00868-00237648-00237880 as it's challenge, but it's also the beauty of it,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00869-00237880-00238226 because it really does, not only in the most facile sense
U26dHS5_ZRM-00870-00238226-00238489 allow them to do work whenever they're ready and able
U26dHS5_ZRM-00871-00238489-00238848 but it also provides for that sustained contemplation
U26dHS5_ZRM-00872-00238848-00239032 and then sustained reflection.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00873-00239032-00239324 But as far as getting to know your students,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00874-00239324-00239638 I have an icebreaker that's much like Kathleen's
U26dHS5_ZRM-00875-00239638-00239832 in the sense that I really ask them
U26dHS5_ZRM-00876-00239832-00239993 to put themselves out there.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00877-00239993-00240227 And I have a little bit of an advantage
U26dHS5_ZRM-00878-00240227-00240483 being an art historian in that visual imagery
U26dHS5_ZRM-00879-00240483-00240679 is an integral part of my class
U26dHS5_ZRM-00880-00240679-00241096 and I can use that as a way to get to the learning outcomes.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00881-00241096-00241455 So their very first assignment is to post an image
U26dHS5_ZRM-00882-00241455-00241812 of themselves that they then have to
U26dHS5_ZRM-00883-00241812-00242110 go around and decode the iconography
U26dHS5_ZRM-00884-00242110-00242414 in the image of all the classmates.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00885-00242414-00242579 And believe me in the last two years,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00886-00242579-00242722 I've really had to put a lot of disclaimers
U26dHS5_ZRM-00887-00242722-00242860 about the difference between
U26dHS5_ZRM-00888-00242860-00243218 an intentionally posed photograph with iconography in it
U26dHS5_ZRM-00889-00243218-00243351 and a selfie.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00890-00243466-00243719 I started to get real selfies in the last three years,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00891-00243719-00244017 and I was like, "no, we can't tell anything about you"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00892-00244017-00244225 "from this except that you like makeup."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00893-00244225-00244620 You know, I would say it in a real teasing, gentle way
U26dHS5_ZRM-00894-00244620-00244872 but I would show them a painting
U26dHS5_ZRM-00895-00244872-00245086 of Paul Revere by John Singleton Copley
U26dHS5_ZRM-00896-00245086-00245252 and explain what the painter was trying
U26dHS5_ZRM-00897-00245252-00245543 to get across and convey in Revere's character.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00898-00245543-00245885 And they love this assignment because they're curious,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00899-00245885-00246137 but nothing's given away by the image,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00900-00246137-00246380 so they get to do all the guess work.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00901-00246380-00246613 And then the student who's being guessed,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00902-00246613-00246823 who's image is being decoded
U26dHS5_ZRM-00903-00246823-00247028 and that they're guessing who you are
U26dHS5_ZRM-00904-00247028-00247133 and what you're all about,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00905-00247133-00247327 gets flattered by a lot of the guessing
U26dHS5_ZRM-00906-00247327-00247541 and comes back on and says, "no, no, that's not it,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00907-00247541-00247847 or, "oh yes, you guessed it, I'm a musician"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00908-00247847-00247961 "in my spare time."
U26dHS5_ZRM-00909-00247961-00248229 And then the other thing I do to really boost
U26dHS5_ZRM-00910-00248229-00248428 that level of engagement, but I would say that
U26dHS5_ZRM-00911-00248428-00248727 online students spend far more time
U26dHS5_ZRM-00912-00248727-00249197 on their class than any face to face student.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00913-00249197-00249329 I mean, it's just the nature of the beast.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00914-00249329-00249582 I have three hours worth of online video lectures
U26dHS5_ZRM-00915-00249582-00249731 they can watch if they want,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00916-00249731-00249956 they have links they can peruse,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00917-00249956-00250155 they have discussion boards they have to do,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00918-00250155-00250301 they have online testing,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00919-00250301-00250559 they have their voice threads assignments.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00920-00250559-00250889 But the other thing that I really do
U26dHS5_ZRM-00921-00250889-00251115 is that the first discussion question they have
U26dHS5_ZRM-00922-00251115-00251373 is very straight forward and it's very dry
U26dHS5_ZRM-00923-00251373-00251631 and it very much, after the icebreaker,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00924-00251631-00251869 addresses the ways in which
U26dHS5_ZRM-00925-00251869-00252273 they're going to meet the learning outcomes for art history.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00926-00252273-00252539 But by the end, I'm really asking them to incorporate
U26dHS5_ZRM-00927-00252539-00252963 personal beliefs and opinions in what they have learned
U26dHS5_ZRM-00928-00252963-00253082 about the art world.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00929-00253082-00253320 And they know each other so well by that point in time,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00930-00253320-00253604 that their defenses are down and I really get
U26dHS5_ZRM-00931-00253604-00254104 much more honest, sincere, and curious responses
U26dHS5_ZRM-00932-00254113-00254593 to one another's admissions and essays.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00933-00254593-00254882 - It's interesting, you can feel the passion
U26dHS5_ZRM-00934-00254882-00255037 and creativity that you have for teaching
U26dHS5_ZRM-00935-00255037-00255289 coming through in the online environment
U26dHS5_ZRM-00936-00255289-00255461 as well as probably the classroom environment.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00937-00255461-00255673 A lot of what people are talking about, I think gets,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00938-00255673-00255943 one of the other concerns that frequently voiced
U26dHS5_ZRM-00939-00255943-00256139 by faculty, especially faculty that are inexperienced
U26dHS5_ZRM-00940-00256139-00256409 with online teaching, is that it's gonna be
U26dHS5_ZRM-00941-00256409-00256527 way too much time.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00942-00256527-00256721 Sounds like you've spent some time doing this
U26dHS5_ZRM-00943-00256721-00256864 and you have expectations that your students
U26dHS5_ZRM-00944-00256864-00257031 will spend time doing it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00945-00257031-00257217 Do you have concerns about the time commitment
U26dHS5_ZRM-00946-00257217-00257486 or how do you manage the time?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00947-00257486-00257616 Is it more time?
U26dHS5_ZRM-00948-00257773-00257881 - I'd say it's the same time,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00949-00257881-00258246 you've just redistributed your time a little more.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00950-00258246-00258512 I don't think that it's actually more time.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00951-00258615-00258995 You can have a rushed face to face class
U26dHS5_ZRM-00952-00258995-00259194 because there aren't enough resources
U26dHS5_ZRM-00953-00259194-00259381 or a class that's too big,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00954-00259381-00259782 or a class that you don't have time to develop
U26dHS5_ZRM-00955-00259782-00259988 the pedagogy for in a live class
U26dHS5_ZRM-00956-00259988-00260289 just as well as you can have for an online class.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00957-00260289-00260498 I think that what part of this is showing
U26dHS5_ZRM-00958-00260498-00260628 and what everyone is saying,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00959-00260628-00261036 is that if you have the resources to actually create
U26dHS5_ZRM-00960-00261036-00261376 and the time and the resources to create and react
U26dHS5_ZRM-00961-00261376-00261711 as your class is spontaneously developing
U26dHS5_ZRM-00962-00261711-00261890 and interact with the students
U26dHS5_ZRM-00963-00261890-00262063 so that you develop it further
U26dHS5_ZRM-00964-00262063-00262291 and take it in the direction it's going,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00965-00262291-00262441 then of course you will do better
U26dHS5_ZRM-00966-00262441-00262615 and you'll enjoy your job.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00967-00262615-00262848 But if you don't have the time or the resources
U26dHS5_ZRM-00968-00262848-00263169 to do any of that, I don't care what the job is,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00969-00263169-00263301 you're not going to enjoy it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00970-00263301-00263547 And you can't spontaneously develop it
U26dHS5_ZRM-00971-00263547-00263696 into something better.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00972-00263696-00263981 You just keep reproducing what you already did
U26dHS5_ZRM-00973-00263981-00264392 because you don't have any time to change it and react.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00974-00264392-00264544 And I think that's one of the biggest problems
U26dHS5_ZRM-00975-00264544-00264709 we have right now.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00976-00264796-00264902 - Sufficient time.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00977-00264902-00265262 - I spent a tremendous amount of time
U26dHS5_ZRM-00978-00265262-00265671 but I spent that same amount of time
U26dHS5_ZRM-00979-00265671-00266049 on both face to face and my online course
U26dHS5_ZRM-00980-00266049-00266448 because again, I adapted a new text and new things,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00981-00266448-00266803 I mean it was a huge amount of time invested,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00982-00266803-00267030 but again, the same for both.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00983-00267030-00267366 And I found, as you said, I did it upfront.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00984-00267366-00267521 And I didn't mind doing it
U26dHS5_ZRM-00985-00267521-00267875 because the more detailed it was,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00986-00267875-00268187 the more absolute it was in terms of development,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00987-00268187-00268461 then I can relax and enjoy my students
U26dHS5_ZRM-00988-00268461-00268633 during the semester more.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00989-00268633-00268879 And then make constant notes of like,
U26dHS5_ZRM-00990-00268879-00269120 "oops, that didn't work so well, this is what I'll add"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00991-00269120-00269325 "over the summer, this is what I'll do,"
U26dHS5_ZRM-00992-00269325-00269602 that kind of a thing, so I think any course
U26dHS5_ZRM-00993-00269602-00269798 whether it's face to face or online
U26dHS5_ZRM-00994-00269798-00270230 if you want it to be very specifically structured
U26dHS5_ZRM-00995-00270230-00270469 and absolute so you get certain outcomes
U26dHS5_ZRM-00996-00270469-00270589 takes a lot of time.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00997-00270589-00270769 But I don't think online takes more time.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00998-00270769-00270941 - Ok.
U26dHS5_ZRM-00999-00270941-00271165 - I disagree slightly to the extent
U26dHS5_ZRM-01000-00271165-00271557 that I think we're moving into a world
U26dHS5_ZRM-01001-00271557-00271739 of what I call ever-time.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01002-00271739-00272058 And it's not that it's overtime, it's that
U26dHS5_ZRM-01003-00272058-00272216 it's always the time.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01004-00272341-00272619 But that is also what upcoming generations
U26dHS5_ZRM-01005-00272619-00272837 do with their media and their technology,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01006-00272837-00272942 they're always on it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01007-00272942-00273159 I have teenagers, you know, it's all day,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01008-00273159-00273430 scrolling through the Instagram feed.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01009-00273430-00273853 And so they will naturally already be online.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01010-00273853-00274025 I don't think, you know, if they're not watching
U26dHS5_ZRM-01011-00274025-00274313 a television show, then they're checking Facebook
U26dHS5_ZRM-01012-00274313-00274625 or they're on their phones on Instagram.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01013-00274625-00275076 So they don't mind being online more often.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01014-00275076-00275472 I think that for professors who are straddling generations
U26dHS5_ZRM-01015-00275472-00275608 it can be a change.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01016-00275707-00275937 But I've actually wished my face to face classes
U26dHS5_ZRM-01017-00275937-00276188 weren't necessarily longer but met more frequently
U26dHS5_ZRM-01018-00276188-00276512 because I don't know how it works on other campuses
U26dHS5_ZRM-01019-00276512-00276796 but we had a push a few years ago by our provost
U26dHS5_ZRM-01020-00276796-00277148 in order to get more classes slotted within a day,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01021-00277148-00277412 that art class time was reduced
U26dHS5_ZRM-01022-00277412-00277608 and it ended up being seven hours
U26dHS5_ZRM-01023-00277608-00277868 that we lost over the course of a semester.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01024-00277868-00278108 And if you're teaching a class that has content,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01025-00278108-00278432 if you're teaching as I do, World Art I,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01026-00278432-00278668 which is 30,000 years of art history
U26dHS5_ZRM-01027-00278668-00278997 and you lose six hours, you can do all the methodology
U26dHS5_ZRM-01028-00278997-00279256 you want but you're not gonna teach--
U26dHS5_ZRM-01029-00279256-00279473 - You lost 1,000 years somewhere in there.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01030-00279473-00279570 (laughter erupts)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01031-00279570-00279656 - Easily.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01032-00279755-00280003 So the great thing about online learning
U26dHS5_ZRM-01033-00280003-00280200 is that you can give them...
U26dHS5_ZRM-01034-00280305-00280628 They can use as much or as little as they want.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01035-00280628-00281002 And they can go beyond just succeeding in the class
U26dHS5_ZRM-01036-00281002-00281470 to flourishing not in a class necessarily
U26dHS5_ZRM-01037-00281470-00281721 but in the topic or in the discipline.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01038-00281721-00282015 And that's all predicated on how much time
U26dHS5_ZRM-01039-00282015-00282195 they want to spend on it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01040-00282195-00282531 - So I wanna sorta start to wrap up.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01041-00282531-00282810 And one of the goals that we have is to try
U26dHS5_ZRM-01042-00282810-00283139 to understand the formation of positive attitudes.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01043-00283139-00283473 You obviously all have very positive attitudes.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01044-00283473-00283868 Do you have any advice for faculty that have not tried it,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01045-00283868-00284084 faculty that may have negative attitudes,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01046-00284084-00284303 what would you tell them in order to
U26dHS5_ZRM-01047-00284303-00284588 maybe start a dialogue about...
U26dHS5_ZRM-01048-00284757-00284986 what I think maybe some misperceptions
U26dHS5_ZRM-01049-00284986-00285229 or misunderstandings of the nature of the experience?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01050-00285324-00285495 - Well like you said, I don't think so much
U26dHS5_ZRM-01051-00285495-00285684 it's their misunderstanding.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01052-00285684-00285922 I think it's the fact that they,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01053-00285922-00286185 in order to invest in something new
U26dHS5_ZRM-01054-00286185-00286584 they need to know that the support is there
U26dHS5_ZRM-01055-00286584-00286890 for them to invest in something new.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01056-00286890-00286995 They're not naive.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01057-00286995-00287241 And if they see that resources are strapped
U26dHS5_ZRM-01058-00287241-00287459 or you're just going to throw out seed money
U26dHS5_ZRM-01059-00287459-00287797 to create a course with no model to sustain a course,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01060-00287797-00288073 they're going to continue to have a negative attitude.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01061-00288246-00288441 That's what I really think the problem is.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01062-00288441-00288820 I don't think that the knowledge is the problem.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01063-00288820-00289011 I think that the ability to do a good job
U26dHS5_ZRM-01064-00289011-00289227 and problem solve is the problem.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01065-00289227-00289527 And you need to let them develop
U26dHS5_ZRM-01066-00289527-00289956 and work with it, and work with teams of people.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01067-00289956-00290081 But if we don't have...
U26dHS5_ZRM-01068-00290081-00290341 you know, TLT, I work with them tremendously,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01069-00290341-00290443 I mean they're wonderful.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01070-00290443-00290775 But you can't drive them into the ground either.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01071-00290775-00290998 You need support to bring money
U26dHS5_ZRM-01072-00290998-00291289 into the support systems.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01073-00291289-00291479 And if you don't have it, then of course,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01074-00291479-00291606 they're going to get tired
U26dHS5_ZRM-01075-00291606-00291733 and everybody's gonna get tired,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01076-00291733-00291994 and then even my attitude gonna become negative.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01077-00292090-00292344 - So advocate for adequate resources, it sounds like.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01078-00292344-00292395 - Yes.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01079-00292395-00292588 Boots on the ground, adequate resources.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01080-00292741-00292857 - Any advice for faculty--
U26dHS5_ZRM-01081-00292857-00293009 - Yea at least in my institution
U26dHS5_ZRM-01082-00293009-00293219 with our instructional technologies group,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01083-00293333-00293604 my stuff has always been sort of leap
U26dHS5_ZRM-01084-00293604-00293739 and the net will appear.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01085-00293834-00294146 And it has, as I said, they are tremendous
U26dHS5_ZRM-01086-00294146-00294395 and Dr. Dugan has been great.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01087-00294395-00294690 So I offered to put
U26dHS5_ZRM-01088-00294795-00295069 any faculty wanted links into my COIL course,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01089-00295069-00295269 I gave them links so they could see what I was doing,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01090-00295364-00295756 in hopes that, and things would be reciprocal,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01091-00295756-00295992 back in the future type of thing.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01092-00295992-00296394 So I just share what you have,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01093-00296394-00296626 they'll share what they have, we'll all get better
U26dHS5_ZRM-01094-00296626-00296891 and use the resources that we have
U26dHS5_ZRM-01095-00296891-00297082 because it could be scary,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01096-00297082-00297252 but at least at our institution,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01097-00297252-00297609 we've got what we need to make it successful.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01098-00297760-00298200 - I think one of the misperceptions about teaching online
U26dHS5_ZRM-01099-00298200-00298557 is that you no longer control the classroom.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01100-00298878-00299242 I know for me, that I raised my game as a teacher
U26dHS5_ZRM-01101-00299242-00299718 when I lost my ego, to the personal illness.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01102-00299814-00300006 And I realized that my ego had no place
U26dHS5_ZRM-01103-00300006-00300216 in the classroom any longer.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01104-00300216-00300446 And I was always a dynamic teacher
U26dHS5_ZRM-01105-00300446-00300643 but I wasn't necessarily...
U26dHS5_ZRM-01106-00300643-00300827 and this is me being completely honest,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01107-00300827-00301216 invested truly in success of my students
U26dHS5_ZRM-01108-00301216-00301456 until my ego got out of it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01109-00301456-00301766 And I think that it's understandable
U26dHS5_ZRM-01110-00301766-00302106 we're in a field that, for the most part,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01111-00302106-00302392 not necessarily well respected by the general public,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01112-00302392-00302688 there's a lot of misperceptions just about professors
U26dHS5_ZRM-01113-00302688-00302985 and their commitment to students as it is.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01114-00302985-00303367 And the classroom is that the professor still gets to shine,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01115-00303367-00303848 and be in the spotlight to some extent,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01116-00303935-00304245 and especially if you teach a lecture based class,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01117-00304245-00304458 and your success in that lecturing
U26dHS5_ZRM-01118-00304458-00304656 can depend on how dynamic and charismatic
U26dHS5_ZRM-01119-00304656-00304789 you actually are.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01120-00304789-00305039 But we're moving away from that model
U26dHS5_ZRM-01121-00305039-00305257 in every sphere of life.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01122-00305257-00305507 We are moving away from the top-down model
U26dHS5_ZRM-01123-00305507-00305989 and the big ego telling the pee-ons what they should do.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01124-00305989-00306233 And so I think if you really want to raise your game
U26dHS5_ZRM-01125-00306233-00306555 as a professor all together, online teaching is
U26dHS5_ZRM-01126-00306555-00306934 one of the ways to do it because your ego is not there
U26dHS5_ZRM-01127-00306934-00307108 and it can't be.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01128-00307108-00307485 Because, as I say, nowadays, if I were teaching online,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01129-00307485-00307701 well it wouldn't happen that way but,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01130-00307812-00308074 teaching 30 years ago with face to face format,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01131-00308074-00308291 I could tell my students anything
U26dHS5_ZRM-01132-00308291-00308468 and they wouldn't know what happened
U26dHS5_ZRM-01133-00308468-00308629 in Medieval Europe unless they went
U26dHS5_ZRM-01134-00308629-00308949 and got a text out of the Oxford Bullion Library.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01135-00308949-00309166 They would really have to go to that level
U26dHS5_ZRM-01136-00309166-00309382 to find that information.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01137-00309382-00309644 So I was kinda the keeper of the knowledge.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01138-00309644-00309826 Now my students can go
U26dHS5_ZRM-01139-00309826-00310106 to the Oxford Bullion Library online,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01140-00310106-00310436 and they have often come up with stuff I have no idea,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01141-00310436-00310729 that I've never read before and I have to admit that
U26dHS5_ZRM-01142-00310729-00311226 and I also have to graciously model learning from them,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01143-00311226-00311478 and seeing how they can enrich my course
U26dHS5_ZRM-01144-00311478-00311806 and how they can teach my students
U26dHS5_ZRM-01145-00311806-00311961 and their fellow classmates.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01146-00312115-00312364 It's been an eye opening and wonderful experience
U26dHS5_ZRM-01147-00312364-00312680 for me to see the learning go this way,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01148-00312680-00312852 instead of this way.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01149-00312852-00313072 Or it goes this way sometimes, you know,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01150-00313072-00313210 often they teach me.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01151-00313210-00313511 But I like to describe it as an exchange model
U26dHS5_ZRM-01152-00313511-00313730 rather than one way.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01153-00313821-00313913 - That's terrific.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01154-00313913-00314250 I wanna thank all three of our panelists today.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01155-00314250-00314690 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01156-00314956-00315240 I think what we just heard is just sort of
U26dHS5_ZRM-01157-00315240-00315740 a more nuanced depiction of what the experience
U26dHS5_ZRM-01158-00315751-00316027 of teaching online is like,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01159-00316027-00316345 including it's creatively, the dedication,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01160-00316345-00316615 sort of the passion that I hope
U26dHS5_ZRM-01161-00316615-00316885 would help folks who've never done this
U26dHS5_ZRM-01162-00316885-00317167 understand that it is truly a creative enterprise
U26dHS5_ZRM-01163-00317167-00317383 and I think you guys have done a terrific job
U26dHS5_ZRM-01164-00317383-00317721 in articulating that today, so thank you.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01165-00317721-00317861 Alex, how do you wanna do this?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01166-00317861-00317958 - So, uh--
U26dHS5_ZRM-01167-00317958-00318168 - She's the master of ceremonies.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01168-00318308-00318770 - So we have this new program,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01169-00318770-00319039 the Online Teaching Ambassador program
U26dHS5_ZRM-01170-00319039-00319384 and what we did was we went to the directors
U26dHS5_ZRM-01171-00319384-00319820 of online teaching, online learning at each of the campuses
U26dHS5_ZRM-01172-00319820-00320031 and the instructional designers and asked them
U26dHS5_ZRM-01173-00320031-00320327 to nominate two faculty from their institution.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01174-00320444-00320944 We got responses from 26 campuses
U26dHS5_ZRM-01175-00320984-00321484 and we have 56 people who were nominated
U26dHS5_ZRM-01176-00321501-00321653 by their campuses.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01177-00321888-00322253 We invited a subgroup of those who were nominated
U26dHS5_ZRM-01178-00322253-00322475 to attend the summit and participate
U26dHS5_ZRM-01179-00322475-00322910 in this research study and from that group
U26dHS5_ZRM-01180-00322910-00323332 we invited our three panelists to be part of the panel.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01181-00323332-00323827 And so I just want to thank all of the nominators,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01182-00323827-00324125 all of the nominees, and our panelists,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01183-00324125-00324389 and Peter, and the researchers who are here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01184-00324389-00324581 Daphne, an you raise your hand?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01185-00324581-00324833 And Lisa, and I think there were others
U26dHS5_ZRM-01186-00324833-00325139 who were here today interviewing the faculty,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01187-00325139-00325427 but while we have been having our sessions,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01188-00325427-00325805 the research project has been going on upstairs
U26dHS5_ZRM-01189-00325805-00326006 in one of the rooms.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01190-00326006-00326404 And I just want to thank the campuses
U26dHS5_ZRM-01191-00326404-00326606 and the folks who nominated
U26dHS5_ZRM-01192-00326606-00327053 and the folks who were nominated for they're engagement
U26dHS5_ZRM-01193-00327053-00327401 and participation in this event
U26dHS5_ZRM-01194-00327401-00327786 but also for being, you know,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01195-00327786-00328024 they were nominated and are being recognized
U26dHS5_ZRM-01196-00328024-00328376 for being online teaching ambassadors
U26dHS5_ZRM-01197-00328376-00328643 and those are very loosely...
U26dHS5_ZRM-01198-00328756-00329110 The criteria was that they be exemplary online faculty
U26dHS5_ZRM-01199-00329110-00329343 who have enthusiasm for online teaching
U26dHS5_ZRM-01200-00329343-00329520 and who are willing to be advocates
U26dHS5_ZRM-01201-00329520-00330020 with the online community that we all live in, in SUNY.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01202-00330075-00330344 Which includes those who are interested,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01203-00330344-00330623 those who have skepticism,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01204-00330623-00330834 those who are very, very enthusiastic,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01205-00330834-00330970 and everything in between.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01206-00330970-00331150 And so I just want to thank you.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01207-00331150-00331378 If you are were recognized, are being recognized
U26dHS5_ZRM-01208-00331378-00331632 as an ambassador, could you please raise your hand?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01209-00331632-00331801 I just want to see how many of us are here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01210-00331801-00332020 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01211-00332020-00332145 Thank you very much.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01212-00332686-00332885 On the website, there are links
U26dHS5_ZRM-01213-00332885-00333063 where you can actually see
U26dHS5_ZRM-01214-00333275-00333686 the list of faculty who...
U26dHS5_ZRM-01215-00333686-00333910 from whom I have received bios.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01216-00333910-00334209 We did a little bio and a little testimonial and picture
U26dHS5_ZRM-01217-00334209-00334424 for each of the faculty on the webpages
U26dHS5_ZRM-01218-00334424-00334696 and that link is in the website.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01219-00334696-00335039 And for those of you who may not,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01220-00335185-00335535 maybe have not nominated from your campus,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01221-00335652-00335858 there's also a link there where you can
U26dHS5_ZRM-01222-00335858-00336063 get more information about how to nominate
U26dHS5_ZRM-01223-00336063-00336265 faculty from your campus.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01224-00336265-00336468 And so I want to encourage you to do that,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01225-00336468-00336656 I would like to have ambassadors
U26dHS5_ZRM-01226-00336656-00336906 from each of our SUNY campuses represented.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01227-00336906-00337205 And it's just as easy as contacting us
U26dHS5_ZRM-01228-00337205-00337561 to get more information and so that we can make,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01229-00337561-00337830 you know, have the correct nominator
U26dHS5_ZRM-01230-00337830-00338148 send us the names of their nominees.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01231-00338148-00338345 And so, for those who are here,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01232-00338345-00338522 I'm not sure how to do this,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01233-00338700-00338895 I have the list alphabetically.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01234-00339026-00339277 And I think from you,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01235-00339277-00339606 the nominator from U Albany was Chris Moore
U26dHS5_ZRM-01236-00339606-00339852 and I think Gina Giuliano is here?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01237-00339852-00339951 Are you here Gina?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01238-00339951-00340093 Oh, come on over.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01239-00340093-00340262 - [Voiceover] Um, Kim do you wanna come?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01240-00340941-00341060 - Yea sure.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01241-00341500-00341672 I'm gonna step behind you.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01242-00341672-00342172 (inaudible chatter)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01243-00344834-00344966 - [Voiceover] So sorry.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01244-00345085-00345556 (inaudible chatter)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01245-00345556-00345670 - Thank you so much.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01246-00345670-00345833 - [Voiceover] That's so funny.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01247-00345833-00345947 - No, nope.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01248-00346082-00346469 So Stephanie Affinito, Andrea Kordzek,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01249-00346469-00346740 and Matt Slivovitz, as well as Shiguo Jiang
U26dHS5_ZRM-01250-00346740-00346976 were also nominated from U. Albany.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01251-00346976-00347230 From Alfred State, it was Danielle Greene
U26dHS5_ZRM-01252-00347230-00347501 and that was Allan Side that nominated her.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01253-00347642-00347961 From Binghintom University Andrea McCargo
U26dHS5_ZRM-01254-00347961-00348329 nominated Chelsea Bohinski and Erin Cody,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01255-00348329-00348581 I don't believe either of those are here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01256-00348581-00348949 Chris Price from Brockport nominated Beth Heave
U26dHS5_ZRM-01257-00348949-00349177 and Alisia Chase, both of whom are here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01258-00349177-00349312 Let's do Beth first.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01259-00349312-00349714 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01260-00349829-00349977 - Let's do Alisia first.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01261-00350397-00350513 Oh, ok, ok.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01262-00351483-00351983 (audience laughs)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01263-00352052-00352155 - [Voiceover] Get out.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01264-00352423-00352623 - [Voiceover] I'm trying to get in all the pictures.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01265-00352623-00352838 - [Voiceover] I spilled coffee (mumbles).
U26dHS5_ZRM-01266-00353707-00353818 - [Voiceover] Yay Beth!
U26dHS5_ZRM-01267-00353818-00354305 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01268-00355022-00355130 - [Voiceover] Congratulations.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01269-00355130-00355255 - [Voiceover] Congratulations.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01270-00355354-00355473 - [Voiceover] You're check is in the mail.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01271-00355473-00355581 - [Voiceover] I'm sure.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01272-00356019-00356162 - [Voiceover] Yay Alisia.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01273-00356315-00356478 - [Voiceover] Alright, let's see we have next.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01274-00356478-00356829 We have from Buffalo State,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01275-00356829-00357172 we have Carol Denysschen nominated by Meagan Piero.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01276-00357172-00357344 Carol are you here?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01277-00357516-00357669 Oh there you are! (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01278-00358845-00359103 - [Voiceover] Thank you, congratulations.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01279-00359103-00359603 (inaudible chatter)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01280-00361773-00362048 - Uma, from Buffalo State, Uma Gupta
U26dHS5_ZRM-01281-00362048-00362292 also nominated by Meagan Piero.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01282-00362292-00362785 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01283-00363209-00363709 (inaudible chatter)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01284-00364027-00364501 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01285-00364587-00365087 (inaudible chatter)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01286-00367047-00367224 - [Voiceover] Wait, wait.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01287-00368622-00369100 - Ok, we have, from Buffalo University,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01288-00369100-00369500 Ann Reed nominated Mara Runfola,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01289-00369500-00370000 Beth Etopio, and Kate Conroy, Kate.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01290-00370027-00370495 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01291-00370690-00371190 (inaudible chatter)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01292-00372842-00373177 (audience applause)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01293-00373177-00373655 Alright and we have Vicki Sloan nominated,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01294-00373655-00374081 this is from Clinton, Chris Ford, Janice Pedula,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01295-00374081-00374418 Tyson Abott, and Dennis Sweeney, none of whom are here,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01296-00374418-00374714 oops, sorry, Martha Gold from Corning nominated
U26dHS5_ZRM-01297-00374714-00374952 Tyson Abott and Dennis Sweeney.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01298-00374952-00375125 None of those are here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01299-00375226-00375682 Michelle Rodgers Estebal from Delhi
U26dHS5_ZRM-01300-00375682-00375974 nominated Jamie Murphy and Tracey Capanera,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01301-00375974-00376218 I don't believe either of them are here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01302-00376218-00376718 Chuck Spuchas nominated Brandon Murphy
U26dHS5_ZRM-01303-00376878-00377378 and Rick Beal, and I believe Brandon's here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01304-00377453-00377940 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01305-00378079-00378579 (inaudible chatter)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01306-00379328-00379726 (audience laughs)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01307-00382616-00382783 Alright, let's see who's next.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01308-00382888-00383388 We have, Farmingdale is Dr. Maureen Tsorkis
U26dHS5_ZRM-01309-00383510-00383878 nominated by Mya Bentz
U26dHS5_ZRM-01310-00383878-00384276 and also Dr. Margery Brown, neither of whom are here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01311-00384276-00384585 From Finger Lakes we have Ryan McCabe
U26dHS5_ZRM-01312-00384585-00384886 nominating Stephanie Olsen and Christopher Parker.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01313-00384886-00385050 I don't believe either of them are here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01314-00385050-00385499 From FIT, we have Rena Silverman and Lordes Font.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01315-00385499-00385693 Let's have Rena...
U26dHS5_ZRM-01316-00385956-00386446 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01317-00388514-00388755 - [Voiceover] Well we also have to self advocate for--
U26dHS5_ZRM-01318-00388755-00388862 - [Voiceover] I'll do it.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01319-00388862-00389089 - [Voiceover] Self advocate for minorities.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01320-00389485-00389894 - Uh ok, and from Fredonia we have Lisa Malewski,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01321-00389894-00390394 who nominated Daniella Peterca-Benton
U26dHS5_ZRM-01322-00390422-00390789 and Lisa also nominated Kathleen Gradle,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01323-00390789-00390959 neither of whom are here I believe.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01324-00390959-00391459 From Herkimer, we have Bill Pelson,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01325-00391487-00391902 Karen Nogle, can you, are you guys ready to come on down?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01326-00392208-00392698 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01327-00393858-00394358 (inaudible chatter)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01328-00394417-00394694 (audience laughs)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01329-00394694-00394833 - [Voiceover] Of course, so surprised.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01330-00395984-00396138 - [Voiceover] I am, 'cause I'm gonna have
U26dHS5_ZRM-01331-00396138-00396277 my interview at nine.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01332-00396277-00396488 - [Voiceover] That's right (mumbles).
U26dHS5_ZRM-01333-00397799-00398190 - Alright next, from Maritime,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01334-00398190-00398494 we have Ian August who nominated
U26dHS5_ZRM-01335-00398494-00398787 Paul Comp and Captain Eric Johanssen
U26dHS5_ZRM-01336-00398787-00398962 who was here yesterday and I gave him
U26dHS5_ZRM-01337-00398962-00399163 his certificate yesterday, congratulations
U26dHS5_ZRM-01338-00399163-00399343 to both Paul and Eric.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01339-00399523-00399871 From Monroe, we have Kathleen Borbee
U26dHS5_ZRM-01340-00399871-00400247 and Elizabeth Kelley, both nominated by Kelly Dodd,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01341-00400247-00400339 sorry...
U26dHS5_ZRM-01342-00400487-00400987 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01343-00402981-00403341 And from Nassau Community College,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01344-00403341-00403755 Debbie Spiro nominated Allison Guest and Susan Mower,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01345-00403755-00404081 neither of whom are here with us.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01346-00404081-00404477 Lisa Dubuck from Niagara nominated Sue Seigman
U26dHS5_ZRM-01347-00404582-00405002 and Lynn Broche, Sue was here, she's not?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01348-00405093-00405435 Ok, alright, oh that's right, ok I remember now.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01349-00405557-00405732 But congratulations to them both
U26dHS5_ZRM-01350-00405732-00405942 and thank you Lisa.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01351-00405942-00406194 Greg Catchum who I know is watching right now
U26dHS5_ZRM-01352-00406301-00406632 nominated Sarah Bonso and Mary Tone Rodgers.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01353-00406632-00406971 Mary, I think that you are here, I thought you were here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01354-00407116-00407243 Perhaps not.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01355-00407852-00408019 And Penny Hanes from Schenectady
U26dHS5_ZRM-01356-00408019-00408400 nominated Matthew Farren and Papa Gueye,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01357-00408544-00408755 also neither of whom are here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01358-00408755-00409189 And so, but congratulations to them.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01359-00409189-00409619 Stony Brook, Charles Tarber nominated Marilyn London,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01360-00409619-00409747 Marilyn are you here?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01361-00409747-00409919 I thought perhaps you might be.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01362-00410048-00410284 And Stephanie Foote, I don't believe Stephanie
U26dHS5_ZRM-01363-00410284-00410408 is here either.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01364-00410552-00410845 Charles Tarber also nominated Charles Harris
U26dHS5_ZRM-01365-00410845-00410981 who I know is not here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01366-00411068-00411367 Lee Xippolitos nominated Kelly Walker,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01367-00411367-00411510 Kelly are you here?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01368-00411805-00412140 Ok, she's not here, congratulations Kelly.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01369-00412140-00412353 Also nominated was Paula Timoney,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01370-00412353-00412506 I don't believe she's here.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01371-00412627-00412939 But, last but not least, Wendy Tang nominated
U26dHS5_ZRM-01372-00412939-00413219 Joanne Souza, I know you are here
U26dHS5_ZRM-01373-00413219-00413409 'cause you were on our panel.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01374-00413409-00413852 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01375-00415603-00415708 - [Voiceover] Ladies?
U26dHS5_ZRM-01376-00415708-00415819 - [Voiceover] Oh sure!
U26dHS5_ZRM-01377-00415982-00416482 (inaudible chatter)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01378-00416782-00417149 Ok and I think we have
U26dHS5_ZRM-01379-00417302-00417471 Amber Melvin from Sullivan
U26dHS5_ZRM-01380-00417471-00417700 nominated Jessica Barko and Art Rigo,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01381-00417700-00417914 congratulations to them.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01382-00417914-00418204 From SUNY Poly, Katherine Stam
U26dHS5_ZRM-01383-00418204-00418704 and Naren Peddibhotla were nominated
U26dHS5_ZRM-01384-00418714-00419033 and there were nominated by Carol Berger
U26dHS5_ZRM-01385-00419033-00419331 who is no longer at SUNY Poly but I just wanted
U26dHS5_ZRM-01386-00419331-00419532 to have a shout out to Carol.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01387-00419706-00420206 And that wraps up our recognitions
U26dHS5_ZRM-01388-00420310-00420516 for online teaching ambassadors,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01389-00420516-00420648 so thank you very much.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01390-00420648-00420784 (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01391-00420784-00420927 Congratulations to all of you.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01392-00421077-00421274 The Online Teaching Ambassador program
U26dHS5_ZRM-01393-00421274-00421499 is an annual program and as I said,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01394-00421499-00421927 they will receive their certificate as well as a badge.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01395-00421927-00422083 As an Online Teaching Ambassador
U26dHS5_ZRM-01396-00422083-00422295 they will have opportunities over the next year
U26dHS5_ZRM-01397-00422295-00422613 to be advocates and to share their enthusiasm
U26dHS5_ZRM-01398-00422613-00423033 for online teaching with the large community
U26dHS5_ZRM-01399-00423033-00423301 of faculty that we have that mostly fall
U26dHS5_ZRM-01400-00423301-00423603 in the, I don't like, I don't believe in,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01401-00423603-00424064 or I'm not sure category of online faculty.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01402-00424064-00424385 So I'm very excited to have you join COTE
U26dHS5_ZRM-01403-00424385-00424564 to participate in this event.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01404-00424564-00424819 Thank you so much and this is the end
U26dHS5_ZRM-01405-00424819-00424995 of our second day of the summit.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01406-00424995-00425393 We have one more day to go, a wonderful program tomorrow
U26dHS5_ZRM-01407-00425393-00425693 with our Newton Engagement, we're gonna hear
U26dHS5_ZRM-01408-00425693-00426045 from Kevin Bell about gamification.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01409-00426045-00426313 That's actually not gamification, but I can't remember
U26dHS5_ZRM-01410-00426313-00426603 the exact title of his talk.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01411-00426603-00426886 And Kristy Ford from UMUC who's gonna talk about
U26dHS5_ZRM-01412-00426994-00427227 instructional design with us and then we're gonna have
U26dHS5_ZRM-01413-00427227-00427472 an interactive activity to round out the day.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01414-00427563-00427927 Again, for dinner, if you wanna gather
U26dHS5_ZRM-01415-00427927-00428325 and try and meet people in the hotel bar area
U26dHS5_ZRM-01416-00428325-00428587 to find other people to go out to dinner with,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01417-00428587-00428875 there's lists of restaurants that are on the website
U26dHS5_ZRM-01418-00428875-00429259 that are in this area that were put together for us
U26dHS5_ZRM-01419-00429259-00429529 by the folks at the Global Center.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01420-00429529-00429801 Thank you all for spending the day with us
U26dHS5_ZRM-01421-00429801-00430114 and for your engagement and your enthusiasm
U26dHS5_ZRM-01422-00430114-00430388 and your presence here, I appreciate you all,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01423-00430388-00430599 and I'll see you tomorrow bright and early,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01424-00430599-00430729 8 o'clock for breakfast.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01425-00430729-00430966 Thank you. (audience applauds)
U26dHS5_ZRM-01426-00431348-00431711 - As a reminder, if you are interested in hearing
U26dHS5_ZRM-01427-00431711-00432037 what we're doing for the new service offering
U26dHS5_ZRM-01428-00432037-00432275 for training faculty, stick around,
U26dHS5_ZRM-01429-00432275-00432465 we're probably gonna start that in a few minutes.
U26dHS5_ZRM-01430-00432465-00432594 Thanks.
U3KB9xV2QhE-00000-00000032-00000448 hello guys and welcome to a new video. if you're here for the title of the video then
U3KB9xV2QhE-00001-00000448-00000903 skip to the time shown on the screen so last week i played a total of three games, i lost
U3KB9xV2QhE-00002-00000903-00001376 the first two games and i won the last one and what i usually do is cut the games that i lost
U3KB9xV2QhE-00003-00001376-00001784 and edit the one i won but today we're doing something different as i'll be showing you the
U3KB9xV2QhE-00004-00001784-00002192 games i lost. first of all because i want you to see what my server's like. i played these
U3KB9xV2QhE-00005-00002192-00002648 games in the morning and they were supposed to be relatively easy but they were kind of challenging
U3KB9xV2QhE-00006-00002648-00003080 imagine what the night games would look like, they're literally hell. second of all i want
U3KB9xV2QhE-00007-00003080-00003472 to show you my mistakes and what i could have done better to win the fight because that's how
U3KB9xV2QhE-00008-00003472-00004384 we improve. we always learn from our mistakes. i hope you guys enjoy and let's get started
U3KB9xV2QhE-00009-00005272-00005728 let's start with game one. we had the platform in this game but i was having some really hard
U3KB9xV2QhE-00010-00005728-00006240 games so i decided to avoid it and land in black market to get some good loot under less pressure
U3KB9xV2QhE-00011-00006240-00006680 then head towards platform and eliminate the enemies that survived. i ended up being alone
U3KB9xV2QhE-00012-00006680-00007088 in black market so i got all the loot that i needed and i headed towards the platform
U3KB9xV2QhE-00013-00007088-00007520 right away and in there i met the squad that took over the platform. this squad was decent
U3KB9xV2QhE-00014-00007520-00008181 but the main challenge for me here is the fact that they were sticking together all the time
U3KB9xV2QhE-00015-00009344-00009664 so they kept chasing me here and my plan was to wait for the ninja
U3KB9xV2QhE-00016-00009664-00010198 hook to be ready so that i can use it to get to the high ground on the platform
U3KB9xV2QhE-00017-00019752-00020265 other than the fact that this player had good aim i made a big mistake of not finishing the enemiesi knocked
U3KB9xV2QhE-00018-00020265-00020680 first of all right, here i mean this guy was near me but i think i had time to finish him off
U3KB9xV2QhE-00019-00020680-00021149 and i could have simply used this pillar to block his vision while i finish off his teammate
U3KB9xV2QhE-00020-00021149-00021592 and again right here i had a lot of time to finish him off especially that his teammates were busy
U3KB9xV2QhE-00021-00021592-00022104 fighting someone else and i think it would have been an easy fight if i finished off my kills
U3KB9xV2QhE-00022-00022440-00022928 moving on to game number two. this time i landed in farm and there were at least four squads with
U3KB9xV2QhE-00023-00022928-00023320 me here and usually i don't find enough loot farm but this game i landed alone
U3KB9xV2QhE-00024-00023320-00023984 on this side and i managed to get a decent loot just in time for the first squad push
U3KB9xV2QhE-00025-00027008-00027288 after that i went to chase the last member of the squad and
U3KB9xV2QhE-00026-00027288-00028183 instead i encountered another two squads fighter so i went in as a third party
U3KB9xV2QhE-00027-00031856-00032295 unlike the first game this one was kind of out of my hand. i stayed on this side of the roof to heal
U3KB9xV2QhE-00028-00032295-00032727 up and wait for the enemy to push while blocking the vision of his teammate that was covering him
U3KB9xV2QhE-00029-00032727-00033144 from the back. the funny thing is i cancelled the healing in the last second but i don't think it
U3KB9xV2QhE-00030-00033144-00033528 would have made a difference anyway because this guy had a really good aim and his teammate was
U3KB9xV2QhE-00031-00033528-00034024 damaging me with his mw. even if i survived his third teammate can finish me off easily. i'm sure
U3KB9xV2QhE-00032-00034024-00034500 these guys were on voice chat judging by the way this guy was covering his teammate while he pushes me
U3KB9xV2QhE-00033-00034500-00035184 and the fact that two of them perfectly landed on me at once at the exact time of "adler" push
U3KB9xV2QhE-00034-00035448-00035680 finally we have game number three. landing in the
U3KB9xV2QhE-00035-00035680-00036183 exact same house and again i found a decent loot and i went out for kills
U3KB9xV2QhE-00036-00037880-00038264 in here i was thinking whether to go in or not but i decided to back out since i
U3KB9xV2QhE-00037-00038264-00038560 didn't have much ammo remaining. i don't think it would have been enough for a
U3KB9xV2QhE-00038-00038560-00038944 full squad so i went out looking for more loot and i couldn't find any because the
U3KB9xV2QhE-00039-00038944-00039438 entire area was looted so my only option was to kill someone and take their loot
U3KB9xV2QhE-00040-00044888-00045264 later on i met the same squad i avoided in the start but this time under better
U3KB9xV2QhE-00041-00045264-00045884 circumstances as i was stacked on loot and i was ready to go in
U3KB9xV2QhE-00042-00051176-00051591 this push was very risky but i did it because this enemy was a bit far away and i didn't
U3KB9xV2QhE-00043-00051591-00052040 realize that his teammate was camping there but i still managed to kill them and whoever put
U3KB9xV2QhE-00044-00052040-00052682 this heli right here literally saved my life otherwise i would have been dead to the zone
U3KB9xV2QhE-00045-00058544-00058840 moving on to another good fight it was near the loadout airdrop
U3KB9xV2QhE-00046-00058840-00059176 as i spotted a squad right here. now i could have stopped near this house and
U3KB9xV2QhE-00047-00059176-00059488 hooked to the roof and use it to take them out but i learned from my lesson
U3KB9xV2QhE-00048-00059488-00060001 from last time and instead i went in for the high ground to get more info
U3KB9xV2QhE-00049-00061645-00062155 did you see the enemy behind me ? comment if you did, i didn't see him
U3KB9xV2QhE-00050-00062155-00063184 enemy spotted
U3KB9xV2QhE-00051-00067848-00068304 i talked about this in a very old video which is how to survive shotgun players ? first of all
U3KB9xV2QhE-00052-00068304-00068712 you should know that this is not a guaranteed way to survive, it just increases your chances
U3KB9xV2QhE-00053-00068712-00069168 of surviving because a good shotgun player can still kill you easily but what i like to do is
U3KB9xV2QhE-00054-00069168-00069640 move sideways in unpredictable pattern so what most shotgun players tend to do is predict the
U3KB9xV2QhE-00055-00069640-00070016 direction you're going to and shoot in that direction so what you need to do is make it
U3KB9xV2QhE-00056-00070016-00070416 harder for them to predict that direction by moving randomly. right here you can see that
U3KB9xV2QhE-00057-00070416-00070864 i moved a little bit to the right followed by a quick sharp turn to the left and as a result you
U3KB9xV2QhE-00058-00070864-00071272 can see that the enemy aimed at the direction i was going for and missed. same thing with the
U3KB9xV2QhE-00059-00071272-00071768 second enemy and this time he couldn't even aim at me. a short movement to the right followed by a quick
U3KB9xV2QhE-00060-00071768-00072240 long turn to the left putting me out of his vision while damaging him at the same time. remember it's
U3KB9xV2QhE-00061-00072240-00072688 extremely important to damage the enemy in the process as it makes them panic and that way you
U3KB9xV2QhE-00062-00072688-00073152 increase the chances of them missing their shots. don't ever let them get comfortable. also i could
U3KB9xV2QhE-00063-00073152-00073584 have easily died to that grenade which would havebeen very annoying. after all the hard fights i had
U3KB9xV2QhE-00064-00073584-00074384 getting one shotted by shotguns is already annoying and on top of that we have to worry about grenades
U3KB9xV2QhE-00065-00076408-00076752 moving on to the final stages of the game i heard two squads fighting and
U3KB9xV2QhE-00066-00076752-00077152 i went in as a third party but it was too risky because it was an open ground with
U3KB9xV2QhE-00067-00077152-00077683 barely any cover and too many footsteps so i waited for a better chance to engage
U3KB9xV2QhE-00068-00083712-00084144 my aim was bad here but this tree saved my life as i used it to block his vision while
U3KB9xV2QhE-00069-00084144-00084568 he's in the air, then i finished him off as soon as he came down because i was two bullets away
U3KB9xV2QhE-00070-00084568-00084968 from dying which he could have gotten while he wasn't there if it wasn't for the tree blocking
U3KB9xV2QhE-00071-00084968-00085421 his vision. i hope you guys enjoyed the video and if you did a like would be highlyappreciated
U3KB9xV2QhE-00072-00085421-00085744 let me know if you want to see more videos like this where i show how i died and
U3KB9xV2QhE-00073-00085744-00086131 what i could have done to avoid it. thank you for watching and i'll see you in the next video
U3KB9xV2QhE-00074-00086175-00086627 PEACE <3
U3OyEfbVkGy-00000-00000000-00000188 www.GutsSales.com
U45063NrGTA-00000-00000000-00000143 Hello, we're Dogwatch.
U45063NrGTA-00001-00000143-00000383 This watch is being watched by subscribers through the comments.
U45063NrGTA-00002-00000383-00000640 This is the watch you requested for a review.
U45063NrGTA-00003-00000640-00001123 I appreciate your comments and requests for reviews.
U45063NrGTA-00004-00001123-00001453 That doesn't mean you're just giving away your watch anywhere.lol
U45063NrGTA-00005-00001453-00001703 Since I have to buy it myself,
U45063NrGTA-00006-00001703-00002053 Please understand that I can't do it often.
U45063NrGTA-00007-00002053-00002546 Anyway, I looked it up in advance and it felt a bit weird.
U45063NrGTA-00008-00002546-00002850 Well, I've been thinking about it for a little bit.I just bought it.Lol
U45063NrGTA-00009-00002850-00003086 It cost me about 200,000 won.
U45063NrGTA-00010-00003086-00003283 It's... it's... it's... it's... it's... it's
U45063NrGTA-00011-00003283-00003656 No, Russia's clock Vostock N.F.I.V.A.P.I.A.
U45063NrGTA-00012-00005153-00005646 History began in October 1941, during World War II.Hah!
U45063NrGTA-00013-00005646-00006160 With German troops invading the Soviet Union and approaching Moscow,
U45063NrGTA-00014-00006160-00006509 The clock factory, which was an important military facility in the Soviet Union,
U45063NrGTA-00015-00006509-00006753 To prevent them from falling for the enemy.
U45063NrGTA-00016-00006753-00007276 It's called Chistopol, 968 kilometers east of Moscow.
U45063NrGTA-00017-00007276-00007526 I moved the equipment to a small town (see Google Maps street).
U45063NrGTA-00018-00007526-00007759 But why is this an important military installation?
U45063NrGTA-00019-00007759-00008273 During the war, we didn't have a watch, we had a bomb fuse, a timer, an ammunition...
U45063NrGTA-00020-00008273-00008523 It's been manufactured.ㄷㅎ I admit it.
U45063NrGTA-00021-00008523-00008763 Time goes by and the war ends.
U45063NrGTA-00022-00008763-00009076 What remained of Chistopol, a small town in the east.
U45063NrGTA-00023-00009076-00009486 This watch factory is the start of the Vostock watch.
U45063NrGTA-00024-00009486-00009866 For your information, Vostock means east.Haha
U45063NrGTA-00025-00009866-00010320 Production of watches began in 1957 under the Vostok brand.
U45063NrGTA-00026-00010320-00010906 Since 1965, it has been officially designated as an official defense contractor by the Soviet Ministry of Defense.
U45063NrGTA-00027-00010906-00011273 It starts supplying watches to the Soviet army.
U45063NrGTA-00028-00011273-00011543 The clock called Komandirskie in the picture right now.
U45063NrGTA-00029-00011543-00011840 He was a famous model at the time.
U45063NrGTA-00030-00011840-00012093 It means commander.
U45063NrGTA-00031-00012093-00012423 I'm a little confused whether it's cool or not.Haha
U45063NrGTA-00032-00012423-00012953 Based on Komandersky's development experience, two engineers at Vostock in the 60s.
U45063NrGTA-00033-00012953-00013180 Mikhail Novikov and Vera Belova.
U45063NrGTA-00034-00013180-00013369 With Fifty Fathoms and Submariner,
U45063NrGTA-00035-00013369-00013896 I've developed a solid diver watch that can compete.
U45063NrGTA-00036-00013896-00014210 Russia's first 200m diver clock.
U45063NrGTA-00037-00014210-00014446 It's the Vostock Empire.
U45063NrGTA-00038-00014446-00014836 I couldn't copy Blancfang or Rolex at the time.
U45063NrGTA-00039-00014836-00015143 I heard you had to develop everything yourself.
U45063NrGTA-00040-00015143-00015416 Design the windshield independently.
U45063NrGTA-00041-00015416-00015666 It is said that special rubber.
U45063NrGTA-00042-00015666-00016096 It is characterized by a unique threaded head that has been maintained until now.
U45063NrGTA-00043-00016096-00016583 In 1975, Soviet cosmonaut Georgy Grechko was killed by a Soviet cosmonauthentico.
U45063NrGTA-00044-00016583-00016976 I'm wearing an mpivian watch, I'm on Soyuz-17.
U45063NrGTA-00045-00016976-00017423 I've been on my first expedition to the space station, Salyut-4.
U45063NrGTA-00046-00017423-00017770 The flight lasted 29 hours.Haha
U45063NrGTA-00047-00017770-00018013 After that, with the fall of the Soviet Union, most of them...
U45063NrGTA-00048-00018013-00018243 The watch companies went bankrupt.
U45063NrGTA-00049-00018243-00018763 Vostock also had difficulty declaring the plant bankruptcy in 2010.
U45063NrGTA-00050-00018763-00019163 They say they're still producing watches.Hah!
U45063NrGTA-00051-00019163-00019406 Then I'll go with the clock.
U45063NrGTA-00052-00019406-00019753 This is the MPVIA model of Vostock currently on sale.
U45063NrGTA-00053-00019753-00020030 Variations in dial and bezel designs.
U45063NrGTA-00054-00020030-00020243 There are slight differences between models.
U45063NrGTA-00055-00020243-00020630 I bought a stainless steel bezel model on the blue dial.
U45063NrGTA-00056-00020630-00020873 Blue dial is the trend these days.Haha
U45063NrGTA-00057-00020873-00021090 I'm sure you've expected the first feeling.
U45063NrGTA-00058-00021090-00021613 It's not a trend these days, but it's a vintage style that's a bit old.Hah!
U45063NrGTA-00059-00021613-00022040 I don't know where to start. I'm a little embarrassed.
U45063NrGTA-00060-00022040-00022373 The case size is 41mm and the thickness is 15mm.
U45063NrGTA-00061-00022373-00022846 Turtleneck case with reduced size, clickless two-way bezel,
U45063NrGTA-00062-00022846-00023153 It features a dome-shaped glass with considerable curves.
U45063NrGTA-00063-00023153-00023376 Of course, visual distortion is huge.
U45063NrGTA-00064-00023376-00023740 I chose a mesh-type bristlelet.
U45063NrGTA-00065-00023740-00024310 It's quite thick, rough, and...The quality is, uh, bad.ㅜㅜ
U45063NrGTA-00066-00024310-00024663 I'm pretty sure I know the cheap-looking clasp.
U45063NrGTA-00067-00024663-00024990 I just don't know how to adjust the length.lol
U45063NrGTA-00068-00024990-00025236 Is there anyone who knows this?ㅜ))
U45063NrGTA-00069-00025236-00025566 There's only a microadjust in Clasp.A.P.
U45063NrGTA-00070-00025566-00025906 But I'm lucky I'm the one who's moving inside.
U45063NrGTA-00071-00025906-00026163 That's about right on my wrist. Lol (17.8 cm)
U45063NrGTA-00072-00026163-00026443 Caseback bonding is a bit of a unique way.
U45063NrGTA-00073-00026443-00026703 I haven't opened it, but it's on the border.
U45063NrGTA-00074-00026703-00027116 The retainer appears to be screw-in engaged.
U45063NrGTA-00075-00027116-00027380 If you look at the dial, it's a little bit relative.
U45063NrGTA-00076-00027380-00027666 The dial is pretty neat at least.^^
U45063NrGTA-00077-00027666-00027803 on a matte blue dial
U45063NrGTA-00078-00027803-00028243 It's got a neat-looking index in place.Hah!
U45063NrGTA-00079-00028243-00028460 I gave you a point with a red second hand.
U45063NrGTA-00080-00028460-00028883 The diver's appearance and the Vostock lettering indicated at the top.
U45063NrGTA-00081-00028883-00029089 The asymmetric position.
U45063NrGTA-00082-00029089-00029510 But it's Vostock's signature, so I like it.Hah!
U45063NrGTA-00083-00029510-00029726 The words in the case bag.
U45063NrGTA-00084-00029726-00030033 The words at the bottom of the dial, to be honest,
U45063NrGTA-00085-00030033-00030246 I have no idea what you mean.Lol
U45063NrGTA-00086-00030246-00030476 The dragon head is big enough to hold.
U45063NrGTA-00087-00030476-00030750 It comes off like a lid, not a screw.
U45063NrGTA-00088-00030750-00031036 Very disturbingly well-behaved.
U45063NrGTA-00089-00031036-00031546 I don't know if it's a manual cold, but I think I should be careful too.
U45063NrGTA-00090-00031546-00031810 Even after you've pulled it all out and adjusted the time,
U45063NrGTA-00091-00031810-00032113 If you don't put it in the right direction,
U45063NrGTA-00092-00032113-00032386 barely matched while locking up the beans.
U45063NrGTA-00093-00032386-00032653 Hands can turn around. (Careful, careful.
U45063NrGTA-00094-00032653-00033023 It's been a while since I've seen the worst dragon action clock.Haha
U45063NrGTA-00095-00033023-00033336 The glow in the dark is small, but the brightness is fine.
U45063NrGTA-00096-00033336-00033886 It seems too much to be a realistic diver because of its short duration.
U45063NrGTA-00097-00033886-00034016 It's a general review.
U45063NrGTA-00098-00034016-00034570 First of all, the overall completion or finish quality is 200,000 won.
U45063NrGTA-00099-00034570-00034820 It doesn't look very cost-effective.
U45063NrGTA-00100-00034820-00035096 The only characteristic is that it's something.
U45063NrGTA-00101-00035096-00035370 Heritage and vintage looks.
U45063NrGTA-00102-00035370-00035640 Maybe it's because it's not my cup of tea.
U45063NrGTA-00103-00035640-00035816 Unless you're a few enthusiasts.
U45063NrGTA-00104-00035816-00036303 It doesn't look like a watch that needs to be collected.Haha
U45063NrGTA-00105-00036303-00036670 I bought it at the request of my subscribers.
U45063NrGTA-00106-00036670-00037056 I think you should just look at it as "there's a watch like this."Lol
U45063NrGTA-00107-00037056-00037273 This has been Dogwatch. Thank you ^^
U4sHlCvoFGE-00000-00000038-00000613 equirements on that money. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00001-00001240-00001256 the Chancellor's office policy says if you take discretionary 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00002-00001256-00001563 grant money or contract money through the Chancellor's office 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00003-00001563-00001915 that is hundred 16 million or so a year so you are not talking 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00004-00001915-00002166 about a small amount of money.  Whatever you build is licensed 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00005-00002166-00002863 under attribution license so other ideas about
U4sHlCvoFGE-00006-00002863-00002916 putting the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00007-00002916-00003316 requirement to
U4sHlCvoFGE-00008-00003914-00003930 share right at the point of funding is a powerful 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00009-00003930-00003963 idea and this is not a new idea but a relatively new idea when 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00010-00003963-00004332 talking about openness and sharing.  To make this point let me 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00011-00004332-00004763 show two models this is the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00012-00005833-00005852 talk about educational resources and this is what this slide 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00013-00005852-00005879 looks like an academic research investments and have a similar 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00014-00005879-00005913 model and what happens today is governments or foundations and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00015-00005913-00006313 other
U4sHlCvoFGE-00016-00006413-00006430 one something done and went when something or some kind of 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00017-00006430-00006863 service and they will put out a
U4sHlCvoFGE-00018-00007611-00007633 worked in.  We, as education providers, a colleges and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00019-00007633-00007659 universities and other entities respond to those and we produce 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00020-00007659-00008213 those resources and
U4sHlCvoFGE-00021-00008684-00008697 peer-reviewed processing quality control in and everything that 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00022-00008697-00008717 goes into making sure they are good resources and typically 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00023-00008717-00009213 those grants only go to the guarantee so they are built by the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00024-00009213-00009613 institution
U4sHlCvoFGE-00025-00009833-00010315 and often times is held by the guarantee or held by 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00026-00010315-00010713 the entity giving the grant or sometimes showing.  The grantee 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00027-00010713-00011025 that got the money to build a new curriculum or academic 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00028-00011025-00011829 curriculum they are under no obligation to
U4sHlCvoFGE-00029-00011829-00012429 produce with anyone else so if you look in the lower right 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00030-00012429-00012431 corner you see the contents are typically used by the grantee 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00031-00012431-00013013 institution and public does not know about
U4sHlCvoFGE-00032-00013263-00013641 the institution is under no requirement to share they don't 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00033-00013641-00013963 advertise they have it or it is available and they may not want 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00034-00013963-00014013 to share.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00036-00014740-00014763 The public is granted little or no reuse with no legal use 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00037-00014763-00015113 and it is free access or open access to the resource.  That 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00038-00015113-00015713 result is for public
U4sHlCvoFGE-00039-00015933-00015963 resources.  If you put the Chancellor's office office in the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00040-00015963-00016363 cycle
U4sHlCvoFGE-00041-00016800-00016800 , what they used to do before the policy if they put out 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00042-00016800-00016817 RSP's for educational resources to be built and the copyright 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00043-00016817-00017217 stayed
U4sHlCvoFGE-00044-00017316-00017563 with the Chancellor's office office so the grantee did 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00045-00017563-00017863 not get copyrights and I will talk more about this later.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00047-00018413-00018513 It was the Chancellor's office and the one community college 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00048-00018513-00019063 and CA that had access to those resources and no other 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00049-00019063-00019713 California committee college could use as.  That is model a. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00050-00019991-00020008 The new model and this is where the Chancellor's office has 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00051-00020008-00020313 decided to go is to optimize the system and the public 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00052-00020313-00020913 investment and they are they good citizens that they are making 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00053-00020913-00021449 with one very minor change.  All they have done to this model is 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00054-00021449-00022060 to change the very first upper left point so now
U4sHlCvoFGE-00055-00022060-00022464 Chancellor's office are issuing RSVPs and they
U4sHlCvoFGE-00056-00023096-00023113 by a license on anything produced with discretionary grants or 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00057-00023113-00023163 contracts and resources will still be produced and grants will 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00058-00023163-00023563 be made
U4sHlCvoFGE-00059-00023747-00023764 and there will be peer reviews to ensure quality and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00060-00023764-00024263 usefulness and now the resources are licensed and there are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00061-00024263-00024713 attribution license that are our most permissive license we 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00062-00024713-00025316 offer and that is a good
U4sHlCvoFGE-00063-00025413-00026016 requirement is to get credit and provide a citation and
U4sHlCvoFGE-00064-00026016-00026379 back to who built the resource.  The difference is now the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00065-00026379-00027065 content can be used beyond the grant so you can
U4sHlCvoFGE-00066-00027313-00027332 imagine and you 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00067-00027332-00027363 may have solved this there was a 17 or 18 million grant grant 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00068-00027363-00027781 from the Chancellor's office to foothill and other colleges to 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00069-00027781-00028451 build two new academic programs and work on an online
U4sHlCvoFGE-00070-00028451-00028464 all my money.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00071-00028464-00028864 That is under this new
U4sHlCvoFGE-00072-00029061-00029516 if other community colleges chose to use them they could take 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00073-00029516-00030213 those and this is a good thing. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00074-00030463-00030716 Even though they may be humble 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00075-00030716-00031116 and was all part of the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00076-00031513-00031531 grant they can still take all of the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00077-00031531-00031556 resources and of the license and use them.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00078-00031556-00031613 From the perspective of the Chancellor's' office that is a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00079-00031613-00032013 good thing because in the old model humble would not have had 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00080-00032013-00032713 access and now they do as does College of
U4sHlCvoFGE-00081-00033297-00033313 It is also good if you are a tax paper payor if you are of 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00082-00033313-00033713 the California
U4sHlCvoFGE-00083-00034190-00034216 community college to have access to high-quality resources that 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00084-00034216-00034680 were produced with California state funds because you are a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00085-00034680-00035147 taxpayer and you want your community college to benefit as well.  
U4sHlCvoFGE-00086-00035147-00035413 You end up with maximizing the use of public funds and the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00087-00035413-00035865 public knows about the resources being out in the open and our 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00088-00035865-00036264 advertising and the public were all other community colleges and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00089-00036264-00037063 anyone else has for reuse rights to those
U4sHlCvoFGE-00090-00037063-00037463 maximum public investment
U4sHlCvoFGE-00091-00037658-00038122 everybody shares.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00092-00038122-00038522 When talking about open
U4sHlCvoFGE-00093-00038799-00039199 Publicly funded resources should be openly licensed and the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00094-00039199-00039463 public should have access to what the public pays for or from a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00095-00039463-00040097 policymaker the stewards of the public
U4sHlCvoFGE-00096-00040097-00040313 Chancellor's office office have a responsibility to maximize the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00097-00040313-00040963 impact of the taxpayer
U4sHlCvoFGE-00098-00040963-00041813 investment or a grant and the committee
U4sHlCvoFGE-00099-00042288-00042305 helping one committee college that is a better return on 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00100-00042305-00042360 investment and meets the goals of the Chancellor's' office and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00101-00042360-00043014 California.     
U4sHlCvoFGE-00102-00043014-00043463 We have people from around the US and other states can also 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00103-00043463-00043863 take these
U4sHlCvoFGE-00104-00044298-00044363 community college and has added benefits.  Whitey California 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00105-00044363-00044763 choose that?  It is not cost them anything to share with Alabama 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00106-00044763-00045163 or anyone
U4sHlCvoFGE-00107-00045364-00045375 else and secondly California will not lose community 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00108-00045375-00045888 college students to the community colleges in Alabama.  That 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00109-00045888-00045913 will not happen and California committee college are already 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00110-00045913-00046513 over and rolled.  It is not a competitive disadvantage, but what 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00111-00046513-00046944 California is really hoping is Alabama and Arkansas and Maine 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00112-00046944-00047113 and New York will look at this policy and think it is a good 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00113-00047113-00047513 idea
U4sHlCvoFGE-00114-00048212-00048228 and their system offices for committee colleges will adopt 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00115-00048228-00048244 similar policies so in the future California's community 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00116-00048244-00048663 colleges can take works from New York, Alabama etc. and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00117-00048663-00048713 repurpose those materials when it makes sense to do so.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00119-00049340-00049354 Open policies have a tendency to spread because they are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00120-00049354-00049713 precedents and other policymakers see them and think they're 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00121-00049713-00049763 good ideas and implement their own policies.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00123-00050433-00050449 This is part of what happened with California so so 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00124-00050449-00050464 Washington's they can be Washington state in the college has an 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00125-00050464-00050933 identical policy almost that has been on their books four or 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00126-00050933-00051363 five years and California knew about
U4sHlCvoFGE-00127-00051802-00051841 NIH policy and Department of Labor and other policies and said 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00128-00051841-00051863 this is a good idea we will follow suit.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00129-00051863-00052521 What about creative
U4sHlCvoFGE-00130-00052521-00052863 nonprofit organization and we are headquartered in Mountain View 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00131-00052863-00053617 California and we are a global organization and our job is to
U4sHlCvoFGE-00132-00053617-00054213 making it easy and legal to share on the web. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00133-00054313-00054329 Also off of the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00134-00054329-00054563 web but most are sharing digital resources all over the Internet 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00135-00054563-00055163 because it is so easy to do so.  We are a
U4sHlCvoFGE-00136-00055236-00055639 legal and robust way to grant copyright permissions including 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00137-00055639-00055913 educational resources without giving up your copyright.  Going 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00138-00055913-00056297 back to the Chancellor's office, they have always told the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00139-00056297-00056740 grantees and continues to tell them they work for higher and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00140-00056740-00057163 they don't hold the copyright. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00141-00057427-00057444 copyright and the Chancellor's office is now saying we will keep 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00142-00057444-00057867 the copyright at the Chancellor's office and we will put a a CC 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00143-00057867-00058513 by license on everything with the funds. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00144-00058513-00058913 This has
U4sHlCvoFGE-00145-00059143-00059163 I will let the other speakers talk about that.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00146-00059163-00059523 Creative Commons has six different license including and we 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00147-00059523-00060047 have two public in the main tool one for the mark works and to 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00148-00060047-00060263 give up the copyright and put the work in the public domain and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00149-00060263-00060680 that is was CC zero is an this is a fleet of license and the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00150-00060680-00061234 Chancellor's office they chosen to go with the by license and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00151-00061234-00061683 you can see is one of the most open license and what we mean is 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00152-00061683-00062113 you are giving other users in the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00153-00062364-00062384 world has many degrees of 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00154-00062384-00062413 freedom as you can and putting very few restrictions on the.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00155-00062413-00063263 What is happening with open policies around the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00156-00063694-00063706 colleagues will tell you one of the international governmental 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00157-00063706-00064116 organizations once something to
U4sHlCvoFGE-00158-00064454-00064513 is suggested to the world about open educational resources 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00159-00064513-00064937 across many areas of OER and the last one on the list is 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00160-00064937-00065213 encourage the open licensing of educational materials produce 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00161-00065213-00065613 with public funds. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00162-00065864-00065901 They are directly addressing the issue of 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00163-00065901-00066413 open policy and in fact, fact, they are on a global to are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00164-00066413-00066813 working with ministers of
U4sHlCvoFGE-00165-00067497-00067512 countries for openers to ask those ministers to follow 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00166-00067512-00067534 California's lead.  They want them to say from now on ministry 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00167-00067534-00068213 of education in Indonesia and other
U4sHlCvoFGE-00168-00068355-00068766 out discretionary grants to educators and other entities
U4sHlCvoFGE-00169-00069596-00069609 creative Commons licenses as a funding requirement.  Another 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00170-00069609-00069629 example is US Department of Labor and there are many community 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00171-00069629-00070063 colleges involved with this grant called
U4sHlCvoFGE-00172-00071113-00071137 is a 2 billion grant for the colleges are building 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00173-00071137-00071148 next-generation academic programs to meet workforce needs and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00174-00071148-00071163 these are programs in technology and advanced manufacturing and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00175-00071163-00071913 allied health and why do I bring this up? 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00176-00071913-00071932 Department of Labor said if you want this money you will put a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00177-00071932-00072363 creative Commons attribution on everything you build as a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00178-00072363-00072756 funding requirement and again almost identical to the Chancellor 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00179-00072756-00073164 office's office. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00180-00074046-00074083 for the open consortium around that would be great.  For those 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00181-00074083-00074100 interested in the services that creative Commons and our 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00182-00074100-00074736 on that.     
U4sHlCvoFGE-00183-00074736-00075117 If you would drop in the lane for the open policy network 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00184-00075117-00075515 this is a new global network we're spitting up and to give Una 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00185-00075515-00075915 and her team
U4sHlCvoFGE-00186-00075985-00076012 they are part of this and the idea is open policy 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00187-00076012-00076412 opportunities
U4sHlCvoFGE-00188-00076813-00076835 are sprouting all over the world.  Not only in 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00189-00076835-00076849 California but we see them in Brazil, Poland, Indonesia Poland, 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00190-00076849-00077263 Indonesia, Canada and they are popping up all over the place.  
U4sHlCvoFGE-00191-00077263-00077713 Governments are starting to
U4sHlCvoFGE-00192-00077999-00078013 licenses as a funding requirement on publicly funding resources 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00193-00078013-00078417 and
U4sHlCvoFGE-00194-00078658-00078666 so we are starting a new entity called open policy network 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00195-00078666-00079113 and creative Commons are helping organize and it is tens of open 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00196-00079113-00079663 organizations that share the same
U4sHlCvoFGE-00197-00079909-00079963 resources should be open and license and as governments at the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00198-00079963-00080363 national level
U4sHlCvoFGE-00199-00080896-00080913 system levels like Chancellor office want to learn more about 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00200-00080913-00081315 this and know the arguments for and exists and implementation of 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00201-00081315-00081717 policy writing this will be there to serve their needs.  I 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00202-00081717-00082117 flashed an e-mail
U4sHlCvoFGE-00203-00082213-00082231 to Barbara before we started this say now that 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00204-00082231-00082760 this policy is passed creative Commons and the open policy 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00205-00082760-00083166 network stand ready
U4sHlCvoFGE-00206-00083442-00083465 educate the people who run the grants to provide webinars they 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00207-00083465-00083763 may want to know how to properly use this.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00209-00084280-00084300 Let me stop there and this is my information if you are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00210-00084300-00084663 interested this is the best way to follow me on Twitter and I am 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00211-00084663-00085313 at cgreen and as I learn about great new things
U4sHlCvoFGE-00212-00085313-00085713 doing in the world and
U4sHlCvoFGE-00213-00086065-00086613 Back to you Una.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00214-00086613-00086629 Thank you and great to hear about some of those other Cray 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00215-00086629-00087463 the open education direction.     
U4sHlCvoFGE-00216-00087463-00087863 All right.  Next up
U4sHlCvoFGE-00217-00087962-00088217 affairs department at the Chancellor's office.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00219-00088686-00088713 Hi everyone and cable thank you as he summed up what I 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00220-00088713-00089564 needed to say so I will point out my Twitter that I seldom
U4sHlCvoFGE-00221-00089564-00090163 and I find something really interesting and this will.  I wanted 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00222-00090163-00090626 to talk about how we got the CC by license going through the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00223-00090626-00091063 Chancellor office office and what it means. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00224-00091431-00091455 several points and I will go through those a little.  We know 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00225-00091455-00092063 about the CC by license and for those who
U4sHlCvoFGE-00226-00092360-00092413 is.  We need to educate our staff on the creative attribution 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00227-00092413-00093063 license and we did and we started out with a
U4sHlCvoFGE-00228-00093063-00093264 license and we have this here.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00229-00093264-00094013 Who requires a
U4sHlCvoFGE-00230-00094013-00094488 now?  When cable and I first discussed the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00231-00094488-00094767 policy at California community college Chancellor's office we 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00232-00094767-00095313 discussed that many of the grantees from the system are already 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00233-00095313-00095763 receiving, some of them are receiving the tax grant so I had 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00234-00095763-00096163 done a
U4sHlCvoFGE-00235-00096563-00096576 webinar with the Chancellor's office providing 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00236-00096576-00096590 information for those colleges who are grantees or wanting to 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00237-00096590-00097065 become grantees and we looked at the requirements there and they 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00238-00097065-00097863 require creative attribution license on the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00239-00097863-00098463 is a public policy requiring those attributions and these are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00240-00098463-00098913 the large federal organizations that do.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00241-00098913-00099313 Why should we require it
U4sHlCvoFGE-00242-00099662-00099685 public's pain for the grants and the grants are not the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00243-00099685-00100152 Chancellor's office and staff is putting in the money for the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00244-00100152-00100763 private foundation is putting in the money and these are
U4sHlCvoFGE-00245-00100763-00101163 tax
U4sHlCvoFGE-00246-00101612-00101614 payors you are stained their taxes and the money is allocated 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00247-00101614-00101663 for different organizations that are public institutions.  The 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00248-00101663-00102364 Chancellor's office or public institution funded by taxpayers. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00249-00102364-00103013 Once the public pays for the materials it is
U4sHlCvoFGE-00250-00103064-00103117 to have them pay for it again or not even knowing they exist.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00251-00103117-00103814 If we produce materials and I will give you an
U4sHlCvoFGE-00252-00103814-00104063 the slide for those who are from California they may know about 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00253-00104063-00104863 the basic skills that the Chancellor's office and the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00254-00104863-00105767 RP group and administrators went together to compile 170
U4sHlCvoFGE-00255-00105767-00106238 and it is meant to be a resource and the Chancellor's office has 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00256-00106238-00106563 on the website and this is a resource of practices and basic 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00257-00106563-00107113 skills and education from around the state and with the local 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00258-00107113-00107553 colleges.  I was noticing that I am monitoring the basic skills 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00259-00107553-00108041 initiative funding and for those out-of-state this is funding 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00260-00108041-00108557 going to the colleges to improve success rates of students and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00261-00108557-00109113 developmental add courses and programs.  I am noticing as I'm 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00262-00109113-00109513 reading the reports
U4sHlCvoFGE-00263-00109680-00109681 that colleges are reinventing the wheel over 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00264-00109681-00110123 and over and
U4sHlCvoFGE-00265-00110382-00110420 don't know what is being done at other colleges so we put 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00266-00110420-00111085 together this resource
U4sHlCvoFGE-00267-00111096-00111863 creative Commons and CC by license so if I am at my
U4sHlCvoFGE-00268-00111963-00112352 DeAnza and I know that model or some other people have fabulous 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00269-00112352-00112766 models going
U4sHlCvoFGE-00270-00113392-00113412 on I don't have to wait to hear.  I can look on the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00271-00113412-00113432 resource and take this and I have the information and I went to 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00272-00113432-00113863 make sure that was publicly available.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00273-00113863-00114659 What the by license and
U4sHlCvoFGE-00274-00115180-00115193 and cable dig over this.  The creator maintains the copyright 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00275-00115193-00115873 and this depends upon the grand.  At the Chancellor's
U4sHlCvoFGE-00276-00116554-00116564 do have slides on this the copyright is not necessarily the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00277-00116564-00116585 creator.  The copyright is owned by Chancellor's office.  When 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00278-00116585-00116913 you have a license you keep your copyright and you have the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00279-00116913-00117663 ability to share with others , where as you can share it
U4sHlCvoFGE-00280-00117663-00117813 and people don't need to call you up and ask do I have 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00281-00117813-00118213 permission.  Many people say why should I share what I will be 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00282-00118213-00118663 doing and I worked hard on this.  Remember what we're talking 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00283-00118663-00119241 about is publicly funded materials.  If I worked very hard on 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00284-00119241-00119755 something I received a grant for I was not doing this on my own 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00285-00119755-00120213 time without getting paid I received
U4sHlCvoFGE-00286-00120763-00120788 a grant for the.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00287-00120788-00120813 What we added onto the Chancellor's office and this is 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00288-00120813-00121413 passed by the Board board of governors was in the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00289-00121413-00121578 legaleze 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00290-00121578-00122063 with the guarantees they received was a set of articles and part 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00291-00122063-00122663 what is included on the contract and grant is a condition that 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00292-00122663-00122968 all materials will have the CC by license on a.  I went to 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00293-00122968-00123563 explain one thing and why it is
U4sHlCvoFGE-00294-00123897-00123913 webinar workshop with the Chancellor's office is it is not a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00295-00123913-00124363 matter of
U4sHlCvoFGE-00296-00124507-00124517 having the license but in order to make it so other 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00297-00124517-00125213 people can find materials and the coding needs to go into this. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00298-00125298-00125313 That way when I know someone asked a question about how do you 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00299-00125313-00125713 find
U4sHlCvoFGE-00300-00126136-00126163 other items that have a grant in common and you could go do 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00301-00126163-00127063 will pop up as well.     
U4sHlCvoFGE-00302-00127113-00127550 According to the contracts that are funded by the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00303-00127550-00127964 Chancellor's office office, right
U4sHlCvoFGE-00304-00128232-00128254 work for higher meaning the Chancellor's office and and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00305-00128254-00128600 copyright.  Most people , and lets you are signing the contract 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00306-00128600-00128960 may not realize that.  As a faculty member at my college I 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00307-00128960-00129459 working on a grant and I don't see the legal materials or the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00308-00129459-00129859 fine
U4sHlCvoFGE-00309-00130813-00130832 print.  If you were to be the one signing the grant you 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00310-00130832-00130863 would see article to number 18 includes all grants is work for 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00311-00130863-00131313 hire and Chancellor office office and the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00312-00131536-00131940 Now before that happens the Chancellor's office
U4sHlCvoFGE-00313-00132285-00132301 with a district and they do the work and the Chancellor's office 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00314-00132301-00132741 has the copyright.  The college or faculty are  paid out of 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00315-00132741-00133188 the grant funds and they do not have legal rights and very often 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00316-00133188-00133610 if it was for something to be produced for the campus there was 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00317-00133610-00133871 the understanding it would be run on their campus and a big 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00318-00133871-00134280 example is the California basic skills initiative where the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00319-00134280-00134963 development piece is run by the college
U4sHlCvoFGE-00320-00134963-00135863 granted before and we passed the policy and in
U4sHlCvoFGE-00321-00135900-00136313 Chancellor office announced does the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00322-00136652-00136675 the material.  However the purpose of this grant was to provide 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00323-00136675-00137117 professional development around the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00324-00137359-00137408 shared material with everyone around the state and the country 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00325-00137408-00137416 to be used.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00326-00137416-00137863 After passing the license Chancellor's office still still 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00327-00137863-00138713 under copyright, but now the people who do the work and
U4sHlCvoFGE-00328-00139164-00139184 everyone else will have legal access to the content being 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00329-00139184-00139614 produced.  For example if I produce produce a workbook or that 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00330-00139614-00140163 the E resource and that was after we passed the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00331-00140317-00140463 else could have legal rights to it.  Some people say wait a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00332-00140463-00141064 minute I don't really like that
U4sHlCvoFGE-00333-00141064-00141863 away my staff and keep in mind your being
U4sHlCvoFGE-00334-00142100-00142115 whoever is getting the grant is being compensated to begin with 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00335-00142115-00142564 and other people have a legal
U4sHlCvoFGE-00336-00143414-00143428 right and other taxpayers have a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00337-00143428-00143453 right to use these materials without having to write for 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00338-00143453-00143470 permission.  Personally I think this is a big win and I don't 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00339-00143470-00143849 see this as taking away any of the freedoms and I see it as I 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00340-00143849-00144484 wording freedoms because ni district it is winning a
U4sHlCvoFGE-00341-00145514-00145564 the work other districts can use the material to build or 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00342-00145564-00145964 replicate
U4sHlCvoFGE-00343-00146295-00146314 and what they need to do is attributions back to 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00344-00146314-00147014 delivered at the work.  For example, if XYZ college at the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00345-00147296-00147319 and went two and three when it use the work they would say this 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00346-00147319-00147587 is a CC by license and one to three and the copyright.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00348-00148445-00148602 This is a big went to share.  A common question that comes 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00349-00148602-00148914 in many colleges, including the one that I work for have a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00350-00148914-00149314 contract for the faculty
U4sHlCvoFGE-00351-00150314-00150565 member they are developing the property 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00352-00150565-00151368 lines the content developed and people said I
U4sHlCvoFGE-00353-00151398-00151614 they have this policy and my contract says if I do work I get to 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00354-00151614-00152014 keep my
U4sHlCvoFGE-00355-00152264-00152280 copyright and keep the intellectual property.  I went to 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00356-00152280-00152514 point out the difference and this policy is referring to the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00357-00152514-00152914 grants coming from the Chancellor's office and they are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00358-00152914-00153664 competitively  this is not coming out of the general
U4sHlCvoFGE-00359-00153714-00154064 if your college has a contract with faculty that says they keep 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00360-00154064-00155014 the intellectual property they develop that would
U4sHlCvoFGE-00361-00155014-00155446 that is developed in the general work and if they receive a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00362-00155446-00155757 grant from Chancellor's office the copyright does go back to the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00363-00155757-00156414 Chancellor's office and the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00364-00156414-00156814 and void
U4sHlCvoFGE-00365-00156864-00156914 and it doesn't keep intellectual property.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00366-00156914-00157464 Now they can use this and commercialize a.  That is a common 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00367-00157464-00158014 question about what if somebody else commercialize is I do?  I 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00368-00158014-00158664 can tell you a personally I am co-author of a
U4sHlCvoFGE-00369-00158664-00159188 if somebody else commercializes?  The book is always free and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00370-00159188-00159864 open up a web to be used through
U4sHlCvoFGE-00371-00160117-00160132 connections for use through and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00372-00160132-00160364 another college you can download it as a PDF yes somebody else 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00373-00160364-00160953 can do print on demand and yes they will make money , but that 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00374-00160953-00161514 does not mean you have to pay for it.  Then you are bookstore 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00375-00161514-00162114 would make money or decide you want to make the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00376-00162114-00162964 and that cap one in silver and you can contract out for
U4sHlCvoFGE-00377-00162996-00163495 the jeweler would make money.  The bottom line is there are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00378-00163495-00163514 resources on the web seed see you don't have to purchase this.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00379-00163514-00163864 I will not turn this over to cap.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00380-00163864-00164764 Thank you Barbara.  Excellent. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00381-00164812-00165315 of the California Trinity College.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00382-00165315-00166064 Thank you and I am looking forward to
U4sHlCvoFGE-00383-00166064-00166314 little bit of information about the faculty's perspective.  
U4sHlCvoFGE-00384-00166314-00166864 Thank you to everybody please  hard to understand.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00385-00166864-00167614 They will be interested in the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00386-00167714-00168264 with a grant material was faculty are willing to share when they 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00387-00168264-00168614 realize these are going to the grants.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00389-00169064-00169765 Faculty consider policy changes they seek
U4sHlCvoFGE-00390-00169814-00170614 other organizations in the state and I look
U4sHlCvoFGE-00391-00170685-00171064 information about intellectual property rights and found some 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00392-00171064-00171515 old documents there about their positions on intellectual 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00393-00171515-00172232 property and if any of you know of any work
U4sHlCvoFGE-00394-00172232-00172664 regarding this.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00395-00172664-00173364 Hard to understand that would be great to
U4sHlCvoFGE-00396-00173412-00173894 cannot find anything on a AUP website there may be something for 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00397-00173894-00174414 faculty to think about and encourage the representative 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00398-00174414-00174730 connections that you may have their and you can take the issue 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00399-00174730-00174765 a.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00400-00174765-00175367 Some of the work done around the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00401-00175367-00176114 California , but we could all
U4sHlCvoFGE-00402-00176114-00176905 issue and likewise, the academic
U4sHlCvoFGE-00403-00176905-00177514 colleges don't have a particular
U4sHlCvoFGE-00404-00177514-00177914 positions related to intellectual properties and how the faculty 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00405-00177914-00178314 members
U4sHlCvoFGE-00406-00178364-00178866 owned by the grant holders.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00407-00178866-00179564 Again there is room for additional
U4sHlCvoFGE-00408-00179564-00180032 conversation through the faculty and the organization to work on 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00409-00180032-00180814 policies and I would encourage all of you in the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00410-00180814-00180964 the policy banner up.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00411-00180964-00181755 What is the policy primarily
U4sHlCvoFGE-00412-00181755-00182064 there are great benefits down the line.  What we are thinking 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00413-00182064-00182714 about is on faculty and the work that is
U4sHlCvoFGE-00414-00182714-00182764 created under the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00415-00182764-00183215 direction of a grant.  Barber mentioned some of the grants that 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00416-00183215-00183664 they are working on and we have some giant grants that was just 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00417-00183664-00184310 awarded.  There is one of
U4sHlCvoFGE-00418-00184310-00184592 three who actually were working on 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00419-00184592-00185164 this and we are anticipating more and the funding comes in 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00420-00185164-00185925 having disability that they will be shared widely for others
U4sHlCvoFGE-00421-00185925-00186763 keep them as they are or add to the attribution will
U4sHlCvoFGE-00422-00186763-00187094 the capital we have in the state and I think that is always of 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00423-00187094-00187670 interest to the faculty as a whole whether discipline specific 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00424-00187670-00188070 intellectual
U4sHlCvoFGE-00425-00188206-00188914 Senate and we want to continue this
U4sHlCvoFGE-00426-00188914-00189314 positive FX about the creators.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00427-00189314-00190014 If you look
U4sHlCvoFGE-00428-00190167-00190214 at the faculty creative benefits and faculty 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00429-00190214-00190814 borrower benefits you see how faculty on both sides of the Isles 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00430-00190814-00191614 can benefit.  Barbara talked about the same
U4sHlCvoFGE-00431-00191768-00191784 issues and it helps 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00432-00191784-00191814 if you are talking to faculty to have this side-by-side 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00433-00191814-00192165 comparison.  Whether they are on the front end or the borrowing 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00434-00192165-00192795 in faculty needs to be recognized with how they are
U4sHlCvoFGE-00435-00192795-00193314 well as the benefits from the work of that.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00436-00193314-00193964 Student
U4sHlCvoFGE-00437-00193964-00194364 benefits again, my colleagues on the phone have also 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00438-00194364-00195215 discussed what those are and once those materials are
U4sHlCvoFGE-00439-00195215-00195514 and intellectual capital we have available to help students with 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00440-00195514-00196364 their education we are to see all sorts of benefits in terms
U4sHlCvoFGE-00441-00196364-00196764 saving the money
U4sHlCvoFGE-00442-00196864-00197164 for increasing the access to technology and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00443-00197164-00197864 technological resources they have and adding
U4sHlCvoFGE-00444-00197864-00198316 base in the discipline is certainly something all of us are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00445-00198316-00198914 after and that is why we teach in hopes that our students will 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00446-00198914-00199364 contribute to the knowledge base with more discipline and the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00447-00199364-00199867 students are extremely gifted and they have wonderful ideas we 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00448-00199867-00199914 have not conquered it.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00449-00199914-00200672 How do we add to
U4sHlCvoFGE-00450-00200714-00200964 that knowledge base in a way that continues 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00451-00200964-00201714 to help students and faculty.  I
U4sHlCvoFGE-00452-00201714-00202344 share from our
U4sHlCvoFGE-00453-00203205-00203464 turn it back over to Una.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00454-00203464-00204268 Thank you Beth and we were inspired by a few of your quotes. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00455-00204471-00204486 About expanding knowledge base and that is why people get into 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00456-00204486-00205064 education and this policy really supports that at a fundamental 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00457-00205064-00205114 level.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00459-00205692-00205868 This slide his happy holidays and the webinars will be back 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00460-00205868-00206685 in January and we're so pleased to have all of you join
U4sHlCvoFGE-00461-00206685-00207383 morning or this afternoon and we will move on to questions. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00462-00207383-00208114 If you are on the phone you can speak
U4sHlCvoFGE-00463-00208114-00208814 questions if you are on a mic you click on the top
U4sHlCvoFGE-00464-00208814-00209014 the chat window.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00465-00209014-00209364 Go ahead.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00467-00210614-00211314 We had a question earlier who is at open
U4sHlCvoFGE-00468-00211657-00211714 was asking about federated searches for CC by resources and I 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00469-00211714-00211964 wonder if Paul or cable could speak to that.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00470-00211964-00212714 There are several
U4sHlCvoFGE-00471-00212932-00213214 discussion and go up to 15 simultaneously and the commons is a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00472-00213214-00213716 good one.  Which you put up the link for the page off the open 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00473-00213716-00214116 website
U4sHlCvoFGE-00474-00214263-00214268 .  Paul Stacey who is creative Commons leads the work 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00475-00214268-00214764 with the Department of Labor and they have built a great website 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00476-00214764-00215364 and they will put the link in.  We have gone around and
U4sHlCvoFGE-00477-00215364-00215764 and categorize the big
U4sHlCvoFGE-00478-00216046-00216114 will ask you what you are looking for whether textbooks, 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00479-00216114-00216514 courses, audio
U4sHlCvoFGE-00480-00216664-00216714 etc. and anything to make it easier to narrow and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00481-00216714-00217112 scope what it is you are searching for because there are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00482-00217112-00217614 different sites out there to specialize in different aspects 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00483-00217614-00218165 and, of course you can go to Google advanced and you can filter 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00484-00218165-00218814 by CC by license and search for textbook and tell Google to
U4sHlCvoFGE-00485-00218814-00218964 feed you back the resources.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00487-00219464-00219764 Thank you cable that is excellent information and we have a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00488-00219764-00220164 question from
U4sHlCvoFGE-00489-00220530-00220938 accountability for ensuring instructional materials created and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00490-00220938-00221614 question.     
U4sHlCvoFGE-00491-00221616-00221664 Barbara D1 that that?
U4sHlCvoFGE-00492-00221664-00222564 Sure.  I would love to.  I would say that the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00493-00222614-00222914 because of the CC by license is no different than the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00494-00222914-00223314 accountability that would
U4sHlCvoFGE-00495-00223640-00224165 does not add or take away from the excess ability and I know one 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00496-00224165-00224614 of the biggest challenges is educating from
U4sHlCvoFGE-00497-00224895-00225364 in California we have the training unit and I know when I am 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00498-00225364-00226164 working on my own material and so on I
U4sHlCvoFGE-00499-00226164-00227095 high-tech training unit and in  it is there. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00500-00227095-00227714 the Chancellor's office office already requires
U4sHlCvoFGE-00501-00227864-00228214 compliance although the by license has nothing to do and in 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00502-00228214-00229114 general I would say how I am publishing my book
U4sHlCvoFGE-00503-00229295-00229614 University his publishing a.  When they take it from the files 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00504-00229614-00229858 my co-authors gave them they work with their whole system of 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00505-00229858-00230464 part of the grant that were received to do
U4sHlCvoFGE-00506-00230464-00231050 the materials were accessible according.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00507-00231050-00231067 I will let cable finish the explanation.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00509-00232064-00232083 Barbara is absolutely right and CC by or not the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00510-00232083-00232430 Chancellor's office requires resources produced and the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00511-00232430-00232668 Chancellor's office office funds are accessible to the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00512-00232668-00233167 guidelines and you are compliant with federal law and are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00513-00233167-00233514 meeting the needs of students.  It is separate from their 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00514-00233514-00234214 requirements and if something has a creative Commons
U4sHlCvoFGE-00515-00234214-00234655 the CC by license there is an added benefit to accessibility and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00516-00234655-00235376 this is why.  Let's say that the foothill just got its
U4sHlCvoFGE-00517-00235376-00235814 they will build these academic transfer degrees and they will do 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00518-00235814-00236414 their very best to make sure all the content in the degree 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00519-00236414-00236815 programs are accessible.  They will pull out the stops and they 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00520-00236815-00237192 have accessibility experts.  They will miss something and I 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00521-00237192-00237614 guarantee they will miss something.  There are experts around 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00522-00237614-00237968 the world to know more about accessibility and foothill has 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00523-00237968-00238464 experts and it is a fact.  When foothill puts a law and they put 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00524-00238464-00239068 it out to the world and say here is the best we could
U4sHlCvoFGE-00525-00239068-00239315 very best we can do on accessibility and coursework and we think 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00526-00239315-00239682 we have it done there will be something that is not as 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00527-00239682-00240115 accessible as it could be an because there is a by license 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00528-00240115-00240668 somebody else out there , the cast them out of Harvard or the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00529-00240668-00241068 team out of Toronto
U4sHlCvoFGE-00530-00241208-00241614 content and say you missed information about people who are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00531-00241614-00242364 colorblind or you are using colors to convey
U4sHlCvoFGE-00532-00242364-00242421 not something to do for someone who is blind.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00533-00242421-00243267 You forgot your tags on your images or whatever. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00534-00243812-00243835 that content is openly licensed the other entities can take it 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00535-00243835-00243850 modify it and make it more accessible and feedback to 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00536-00243850-00244264 California.  
U4sHlCvoFGE-00537-00244409-00244416 If something is all right's reserved and copyright 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00538-00244416-00244464 that opportunity does not exist.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00539-00244464-00245314 Aside from accessibility my experience has
U4sHlCvoFGE-00540-00245352-00245765 Susan's and my textbook is out there with the by license people 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00541-00245765-00246215 have been very willing to come up and say either I found a typo 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00542-00246215-00246714 which which often happens during a print book putting it online 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00543-00246714-00247068 or to say I will develop these other materials going along with 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00544-00247068-00247468 the book
U4sHlCvoFGE-00545-00247586-00247667 and that is an added bonus to the policy with nothing 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00546-00247667-00248364 to do with Section 508. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00547-00248436-00248791 talking about experts around the world is we have the same thing 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00548-00248791-00249423 with the open textbook and we found professors at
U4sHlCvoFGE-00549-00249423-00249882 set I developed this annual me to donate that to the field 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00550-00249882-00250285 because you donated to her but.  All of that is helping to 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00551-00250285-00250315 increase student learning.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00553-00250914-00250932 Thank you Barbara and cable.  That was excellent.  Are there 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00554-00250932-00251314 other questions?
U4sHlCvoFGE-00555-00251314-00252014 This is Don.  Can you hear
U4sHlCvoFGE-00556-00252065-00252915 comment earlier in their
U4sHlCvoFGE-00557-00253284-00253299 intellectual capital in the state and in general that is an 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00558-00253299-00253865 important point and I wanted to just not be overlooked but I 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00559-00253865-00254465 wanted to say I would like to sort of chair on because I believe 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00560-00254465-00255116 all of these efforts have the ability with critical
U4sHlCvoFGE-00561-00255116-00255516 they are perking
U4sHlCvoFGE-00562-00256103-00256133 something like that or is mentioned people collaborating on a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00563-00256133-00256564 single work and I think that would improve the
U4sHlCvoFGE-00564-00256893-00256914 educational content for our students who is our goal.  That is a 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00565-00256914-00257217 very important thing and I want to thank you for bringing that 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00566-00257217-00257265 forward.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00568-00257753-00257769 Thank you for repeating that Doug and I think we all agree 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00569-00257769-00257815 with that strongly.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00571-00258315-00258813 We are still waiting for some more questions.  Well we are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00572-00258813-00259315 waiting for this questions to come in death, Barbara and cable 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00573-00259315-00259615 do you have any closing comments you would like to make?
U4sHlCvoFGE-00575-00260165-00260418 Only I am very happy to have joined you today and I always 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00576-00260418-00261105 learn something myself when I participate even as a
U4sHlCvoFGE-00577-00261105-00261116 said thank you for helping to educate me more about what you are 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00578-00261116-00261516 doing
U4sHlCvoFGE-00579-00261591-00261615 and what your goals are and how this is enhancing what we 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00580-00261615-00261665 do for students.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00582-00262467-00262915 Barbara?
U4sHlCvoFGE-00583-00262915-00263325 I would echo what is the set and I a lot by presenting as 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00584-00263325-00263815 well with cable and Beth and I think we need to keep in mind 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00585-00263815-00264265 that we are on a mission and that is to help educate our 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00586-00264265-00265065 international workforce so that the students
U4sHlCvoFGE-00587-00265065-00265247 can run or afford 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00588-00265247-00265715 their education and we can improve it.  When I started with this 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00589-00265715-00266165 my initial starting working with educational resources and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00590-00266165-00266665 having the textbook was because I wanted to save money for the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00591-00266665-00267415 students.  We think it is close to one half million
U4sHlCvoFGE-00592-00267415-00267770 on statistics in the past six or seven years.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00593-00267770-00268615 What has happened is as a result of having textbooks
U4sHlCvoFGE-00594-00268615-00268631 open I 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00595-00268631-00268865 have gained a lot as a professional and participating in the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00596-00268865-00269715 practice around OER and I have learned people have
U4sHlCvoFGE-00597-00269715-00270149 and the book has become much better going through the various 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00598-00270149-00270415 saints and people say it would be better if this.  Why didn't we 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00599-00270415-00271108 think of that or university Millis
U4sHlCvoFGE-00600-00271108-00271465 bank of 1000 questions so what share it and other people say we 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00601-00271465-00272265 can have the foundation in the black
U4sHlCvoFGE-00602-00272265-00272465 videos.  These go to make the learning experience better for the 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00603-00272465-00272815 students as well as for faculty members.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00604-00272815-00273465 Thank you Barbara and we are glad sure on a
U4sHlCvoFGE-00605-00273465-00274165 Any final
U4sHlCvoFGE-00606-00274165-00274609 comments?  Final comments.  I would suggest that 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00607-00274609-00274965 those of you in other states might take inspiration from this 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00608-00274965-00275665 open policy and have similar conversations with your
U4sHlCvoFGE-00609-00275665-00276204 if you would like support in crafting those arguments and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00610-00276204-00276615 drafting open policies and having someone come in and sit down 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00611-00276615-00276665 with the leaders of your system and explain why this is a good 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00612-00276665-00277065 idea
U4sHlCvoFGE-00613-00277353-00277369 you can certainly call on us a creative Commons to support 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00614-00277369-00277717 she won you on that and provide that kind of strategic and 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00615-00277717-00278117 implementation and support. 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00616-00278794-00278794 Barbara and I mentioned we will be providing ongoing support in 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00617-00278794-00278915 California so it is not an open policy on a piece of paper , but 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00618-00278915-00279765 supported.     
U4sHlCvoFGE-00619-00279961-00280015 Thank you Una and CCC confer for assisting us today.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00620-00280015-00280784 Thank you all for coming
U4sHlCvoFGE-00621-00280784-00281211 our three wonderful presenters and you can see the contact 
U4sHlCvoFGE-00622-00281211-00281615 information on the last page
U4sHlCvoFGE-00623-00281798-00282167 will close our recording for now.
U4sHlCvoFGE-00624-00282167-00282415 See you next year.
U6otglXC0pQ-00000-00000031-00000328 CHARLEY: And I've been informed by MANY people
U6otglXC0pQ-00001-00000328-00000624 it is impolite to do an impression of someone TO them,
U6otglXC0pQ-00002-00000680-00000864 so I won't if you don't want me to.
U6otglXC0pQ-00003-00000864-00001104 JASON RITTER: Yeah, I would- you  could, you definitely can.
U6otglXC0pQ-00004-00001104-00001216 I would love to hear it.
U6otglXC0pQ-00005-00001216-00001488 CHARLEY [as Dipper Pines]:  To whatever intrepid mysteryhunter  gets their hands on this book,
U6otglXC0pQ-00006-00001488-00001632 my name is Dipper Pines.
U6otglXC0pQ-00007-00001632-00001888 During my summer in the strange town of Gravity Falls,
U6otglXC0pQ-00008-00001888-00002296 I've seen so many paranormal and baffling things that I could fill up an entire book!
U6otglXC0pQ-00009-00002368-00002614 Lucky for me — and you —
U6otglXC0pQ-00010-00002614-00002936 I found this cursedempty old book  in the attic of the Mystery Shack.
U6otglXC0pQ-00011-00002941-00003045 JASON: I love it!
U6otglXC0pQ-00012-00003045-00003679 That's- I think that's the first time I've ever heard an impression of me, to me.
U6otglXC0pQ-00013-00003679-00003792 CHARLEY: Yeah, yeah, it is.
U6otglXC0pQ-00014-00003792-00004208 It was very strange to be doing, and then hearing the same voice respond back to me.
U6otglXC0pQ-00015-00004208-00004488 I'm like, "I didn't like that at all, why did I do that".
U6otglXC0pQ-00016-00004488-00004704 JASON: That's amazing, oh my gosh.
U6otglXC0pQ-00017-00004704-00004928 CHARLEY: Well thank you! I'm glad you enjoyed it.
U6otglXC0pQ-00018-00004928-00005056 You don't have to flatter me, though!
U6otglXC0pQ-00019-00005056-00005136 JASON: I really do.
U6otglXC0pQ-00020-00005136-00005344 CHARLEY: To hear my full  interview with Jason Ritter,
U6otglXC0pQ-00021-00005344-00005488 just click the link in the pinned comment
U6otglXC0pQ-00022-00005488-00005688 or go to pipedreampodcasts.com!
U7QFZCTqfwY-00000-00000595-00000736 - Greetings from Burlington
U7QFZCTqfwY-00001-00000736-00000918 and the University of Vermont campus
U7QFZCTqfwY-00002-00000918-00001221 where we're thawing out from a colder than usual winter
U7QFZCTqfwY-00003-00001221-00001639 and looking forward to a beautiful New England spring.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00004-00001639-00001927 The change of seasons and longer daylight hours
U7QFZCTqfwY-00005-00001927-00002135 always bring smiles to our faces,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00006-00002135-00002445 but rarely have our smiles been brighter.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00007-00002445-00002781 After two years of pandemic discipline and sacrifice,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00008-00002781-00003005 I'm so glad we're able to bid goodbye
U7QFZCTqfwY-00009-00003005-00003303 to our mandatory masking policy this month.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00010-00003303-00003545 It'll be great to see one another's faces again
U7QFZCTqfwY-00011-00003545-00003881 and to return to the familiar rituals of campus life.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00012-00003881-00004149 I know this spring we will see a remarkable amount
U7QFZCTqfwY-00013-00004149-00004559 of reconnection, gatherings and joyful reunions.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00014-00004690-00005078 UVM students succeeded during the pandemic as they always do
U7QFZCTqfwY-00015-00005078-00005378 and that success takes many different forms.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00016-00005378-00005680 It's true that student success is about mastering
U7QFZCTqfwY-00017-00005680-00005966 a subject as demonstrated by a high grade,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00018-00005966-00006196 but it's also about setting students on a course
U7QFZCTqfwY-00019-00006196-00006476 that ensures social, professional
U7QFZCTqfwY-00020-00006476-00006698 and personal growth and accomplishment.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00021-00006698-00006882 This bigger definition of success
U7QFZCTqfwY-00022-00006882-00007334 rests on the unwavering dedication of our faculty and staff
U7QFZCTqfwY-00023-00007334-00007684 and that commitment begins before a student arrives on campus
U7QFZCTqfwY-00024-00007684-00007975 and long after they've graduated.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00025-00007975-00008175 From their earliest days on campus,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00026-00008175-00008428 students are supported by teams of academic
U7QFZCTqfwY-00027-00008428-00008792 and career advisors and all schools and colleges at UVM
U7QFZCTqfwY-00028-00008792-00009060 who help students develop integrated plans
U7QFZCTqfwY-00029-00009060-00009382 that capitalize on campus resources and promote
U7QFZCTqfwY-00030-00009382-00009753 their intellectual growth and their career readiness.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00031-00009753-00009974 As part of those integrated plans,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00032-00009974-00010348 some 92% of our students participate in internships
U7QFZCTqfwY-00033-00010348-00010653 and other dynamic experiential learning
U7QFZCTqfwY-00034-00010653-00010899 and research opportunities,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00035-00010899-00011335 opportunities taking place locally and all around the world.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00036-00011335-00011643 The internships also lead to great job offers,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00037-00011643-00011971 but also serve to give students an inside look
U7QFZCTqfwY-00038-00011971-00012378 at an industry or profession they may never have considered.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00039-00012378-00012645 Then, there are the skills and networks students build
U7QFZCTqfwY-00040-00012645-00013116 through hundreds of student organizations and activities.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00041-00013116-00013379 Of course, their future success is built
U7QFZCTqfwY-00042-00013379-00013707 on the rock solid foundation of their achievements
U7QFZCTqfwY-00043-00013707-00013874 in the classroom.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00044-00013874-00014119 Our students are learning about real life issues,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00045-00014119-00014433 perplexing problems that require workable solutions
U7QFZCTqfwY-00046-00014433-00014672 at a local and global level.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00047-00014672-00014913 While progress in developing these leadership skills
U7QFZCTqfwY-00048-00014913-00015228 isn't immediately measured in a quantitative manner,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00049-00015228-00015582 it is equally as important as UVM's measurable
U7QFZCTqfwY-00050-00015582-00015852 success metrics such as graduation rate
U7QFZCTqfwY-00051-00015852-00016247 and post-college placement, both of which are stellar.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00052-00016247-00016524 When all these elements combine with a student population
U7QFZCTqfwY-00053-00016524-00016800 that shows the commitment and discipline of UVM
U7QFZCTqfwY-00054-00016800-00016971 students during the pandemic,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00055-00016971-00017238 I know that our current undergraduates will achieve
U7QFZCTqfwY-00056-00017238-00017548 greater levels of success in life than ever before.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00057-00017548-00017795 We will soon turn our attention to UVM's
U7QFZCTqfwY-00058-00017795-00018102 221st commencement.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00059-00018102-00018481 In two short months, some 3,000 Catamounts
U7QFZCTqfwY-00060-00018481-00018716 will don their caps and gowns,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00061-00018716-00019045 join families and friends and celebrate their success
U7QFZCTqfwY-00062-00019045-00019299 achieving the milestone of a Bachelor's,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00063-00019299-00019572 Graduate or Professional Degree.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00064-00019572-00019985 I'm excited that we'll be welcoming Eric Weihenmayer
U7QFZCTqfwY-00065-00019985-00020205 as our commencement speaker.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00066-00020205-00020563 He's the first blind person to climb Mount Everest
U7QFZCTqfwY-00067-00020563-00020829 and Eric is a person with such determination
U7QFZCTqfwY-00068-00020829-00021205 and a sense of adventure that he didn't stop there.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00069-00021205-00021473 He's climbed all of the seven summits,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00070-00021473-00021697 the highest point on each continent.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00071-00021697-00022062 I cannot think of a better example for our graduates,
U7QFZCTqfwY-00072-00022062-00022438 someone completely undeterred in pursuit of his goals.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00073-00022438-00022720 Our hearts swell with pride to think about what each
U7QFZCTqfwY-00074-00022720-00023033 of our graduates has accomplished and what lies ahead
U7QFZCTqfwY-00075-00023033-00023212 in their promising futures
U7QFZCTqfwY-00076-00023212-00023587 whether here in Vermont or halfway around the world.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00077-00023587-00023865 I'm proud of the success our student achieve
U7QFZCTqfwY-00078-00023865-00024119 and I remain committed along with our entire
U7QFZCTqfwY-00079-00024119-00024478 faculty and staff to making sure the UVM experience
U7QFZCTqfwY-00080-00024478-00024810 is always centered on our students' individual
U7QFZCTqfwY-00081-00024810-00024947 and collective success.
U7QFZCTqfwY-00082-00025034-00025243 Until next time, be well.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00000-00000001-00000334 [Music plays]
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00001-00000337-00000611 (Richard Morecroft) The host of the Green Globe Awards.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00002-00000614-00000735 Please welcome the Minister.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00003-00000737-00000954 (Mark Speakman) It’s the seventeenth Green Globe Awards
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00004-00000957-00001189 and this is a great chance for everyone in New South Wales
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00005-00001191-00001368 to recognise environmental excellence.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00006-00001371-00001605 (Richard Morecroft) I know that some of those projects
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00007-00001608-00001822 and people who are going to be rewarded tonight
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00008-00001824-00001991 have done some fantastic things.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00009-00001994-00002175 (Clarence Slockee) I would like it to be known
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00010-00002177-00002324 that we are on Aboriginal land.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00011-00002327-00002549 Aboriginal people, we were green before green was cool.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00012-00002552-00002855 (Nicolette Boele) It’s probably one of the most inspiring times of the year
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00013-00002858-00003026 when I get to judge the Green Globe Awards.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00014-00003029-00003265 (Kate Harris) Do you know what, there was a lot of entries,
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00015-00003268-00003373 which is a good thing.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00016-00003376-00003517 It made for quite a lot of reading
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00017-00003520-00003975 but I loved all of the entrants’ passion and determination.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00018-00003977-00004239 (Mark Speakman) Recognising the influence that people can have
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00019-00004242-00004648 as private citizens, as corporations, as community leaders,
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00020-00004651-00004820 community groups, local councils,
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00021-00004822-00004953 in influencing the environment
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00022-00004955-00005161 around the making of the world a better place.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00023-00005163-00005464 (Sal Bua) Really inspiring talking to other people
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00024-00005466-00005747 about their sustainable and green initiatives.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00025-00005749-00006007 It encourages us to do even more for the environment.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00026-00006009-00006216 (Nicolette Boele) And the first winner is…
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00027-00006218-00006415 (Clarence Slockee) This is a way for people
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00028-00006417-00006698 to actually be rewarded for work,
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00029-00006700-00006937 some of them have probably been doing it for years but
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00030-00006939-00007301 fathers to realise that this is beneficial to my business.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00031-00007304-00007500 This is beneficial to my community.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00032-00007503-00007684 (Stephen Butt) It’s just great to be here,
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00033-00007686-00008002 let alone to be selected as an award winner.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00034-00008005-00008195 (Robin Mellon) Time and time again we see that
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00035-00008198-00008503 people putting in their nominations come out on top
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00036-00008505-00008708 when they thought they were just a small company.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00037-00008711-00008958 (Cate McQuillen) Tonight we were awarded the Green Globe Award
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00038-00008960-00009310 for Resource Efficiency for our project, the Get Grubby project.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00039-00009313-00009702 (Louise Gulbis) We won the best in our category of Community Leadership
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00040-00009705-00010013 and then very surprisingly, very unexpectedly
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00041-00010016-00010409 we also took out the best of the best Gold Globe
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00042-00010412-00010595 for Best Overall Achievement.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00043-00010597-00010891 (Jason McMaster) It is becoming common practice now across all industries
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00044-00010894-00011138 for people to get more involved in it. I think it’s essential.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00045-00011140-00011437 It’s not just important but it really makes good business sense as well.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00046-00011439-00011712 (Sue Turner) The small businesses, when we are struggling on our own,
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00047-00011714-00011980 this kind of event is amazing. It actually gives us support.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00048-00011982-00012279 It gives us hope. It gives us initiative to carry on
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00049-00012282-00012617 and it gives us kind of recognition of what we’re doing
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00050-00012620-00012919 because when you’re on your own you think nobody’s noticing
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00051-00012921-00013303 but this kind of event night supports us and makes us go further.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00052-00013305-00013579 (Matthew Scard) It’s a great way to find out about new trends,
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00053-00013581-00013833 innovations and what’s happening in this industry.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00054-00013835-00014115 If we didn’t have this, how would we know what was going on.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00055-00014118-00014344 It’s such a great way to pull all these ideas together.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00056-00014347-00014516 (Annette Mayne) We’re absolutely thrilled.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00057-00014519-00014845 We have never gone for anything like this before.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00058-00014847-00015091 (Cate McQuillen) To be able to have that kind of support
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00059-00015094-00015420 and that kind of pat on the back. It’s phenomenal.
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00060-00015423-00015956 So, we will be absolutely milking this for all it’s worth,
U96PQ2qSBqQ-00061-00015958-00016221 in the nicest possible way.
U9eoP-bboVo-00000-00000019-00000550 Your Natchez History Minute is brought to you by Natchez National Historical Park.
U9eoP-bboVo-00001-00000689-00001283 On a Sunday morning in April, 1964, Richard Joe Butler, a 26 year-old farm worker was
U9eoP-bboVo-00002-00001283-00001725 attacked by a group of six hooded men. Butler’s shooting was only one incident in an ever
U9eoP-bboVo-00003-00001725-00002279 increasing rise in Klan sponsored violence that spring. Local sheriffs in southwest Mississippi
U9eoP-bboVo-00004-00002279-00002873 reported as many as 16 abductions and beatings of African-American men in February of 1964
U9eoP-bboVo-00005-00002873-00003496 alone, and all of them were in the Natchez area. Richard Butler was a simple farmhand
U9eoP-bboVo-00006-00003496-00004079 who had become a trusted and valued employee of the white Drane family. In March, two cars
U9eoP-bboVo-00007-00004079-00004557 carrying several hooded white men tried to run Butler and his wife off the road. The
U9eoP-bboVo-00008-00004557-00005094 following April, as he was feeding the Drane’s cows, Butler noticed two men repeatedly passing
U9eoP-bboVo-00009-00005094-00005682 in a car, turning and fixing a glare on him. Later, as he was leaving, two hooded men with
U9eoP-bboVo-00010-00005682-00006151 shotguns forced Butler from his truck and marched him to the back of a barn where half
U9eoP-bboVo-00011-00006151-00006644 a dozen other men were waiting for him. Butler quickly threw out his arms, shoved two of
U9eoP-bboVo-00012-00006644-00007193 the men in front of him, turned and ran. The hooded men opened fire, birdshot struck Butler
U9eoP-bboVo-00013-00007193-00007704 in the upper body, buckshot hit him in the leg. Louisa Drane, who was inside the house,
U9eoP-bboVo-00014-00007704-00008154 found Butler alive on the ground but the hooded men were gone. Three men were eventually charged
U9eoP-bboVo-00015-00008154-00008546 with assault and battery with intent to kill but the charges were all dropped or were never pursued.
U9eoP-bboVo-00017-00009000-00009346 I’m Fred Givens, an eighth grade student at Morgantown College Prep Academy and this
U9eoP-bboVo-00018-00009346-00009546 has been your Natchez History Minute.
UrX-PTr1MDk-00000-00000094-00000570 teachers should notice a new app on their iPads and also the student iPads
UrX-PTr1MDk-00001-00000570-00000959 you'll notice it on my screen it's called the app portal it is kind of a
UrX-PTr1MDk-00002-00000959-00001488 light blue with eight dots it is gonna allow you as a teacher to help install
UrX-PTr1MDk-00003-00001488-00001992 apps easier and faster than having tech push it to you or you can even have the
UrX-PTr1MDk-00004-00001992-00002364 students install those apps I'm going to tap on the app portal right
UrX-PTr1MDk-00005-00002364-00002988 now and show you in here are the apps that basically teachers have requested
UrX-PTr1MDk-00006-00002988-00003489 in the past so you'll notice you can scroll through you can also search for
UrX-PTr1MDk-00007-00003489-00003936 apps up here in the upper left-hand corner by typing that in I'm going to
UrX-PTr1MDk-00008-00003936-00004500 show you the 10 frame fill let's say this was the app that I wanted to have
UrX-PTr1MDk-00009-00004500-00005094 installed on the iPad I simply select it with my finger I tap on the install and
UrX-PTr1MDk-00010-00005094-00005762 then once it says it's the app is being installed I tap and continue the app may
UrX-PTr1MDk-00011-00005762-00006180 not appear right away I would give it a few minutes I've seen up to maybe ten
UrX-PTr1MDk-00012-00006180-00006726 minutes or more if you have problems after that do contact tech but it should
UrX-PTr1MDk-00013-00006726-00007340 install on there and I'm gonna show you on here it probably is installed and I'm
UrX-PTr1MDk-00014-00007340-00007893 gonna scroll over and I do see it in the bottom corner over there
UrX-PTr1MDk-00015-00007893-00008561 you can go I'm not going to go ahead and open it right now but what this also
UrX-PTr1MDk-00016-00008561-00009027 allows you with the ability to install apps is when you would like to take an
UrX-PTr1MDk-00017-00009027-00009422 app off its gonna be a lot easier to take the app off and then if you would
UrX-PTr1MDk-00018-00009422-00009897 want to reinstall it again so notice if I want to take off an app
UrX-PTr1MDk-00019-00009897-00010364 I'm going to hold my finger on that app until it wiggles you'll see an X appear
UrX-PTr1MDk-00020-00010364-00010922 I tap on the X and it will prompt me to decide whether to cancel or delete I'm
UrX-PTr1MDk-00021-00010922-00011432 going to delete it it goes away and probably because I just told it to
UrX-PTr1MDk-00022-00011432-00012196 install I will delete it again and then I'm going to tap on the home button and
UrX-PTr1MDk-00023-00012196-00013064 that will deactivate the deletion of the apps and now I have an easier tool with
UrX-PTr1MDk-00024-00013064-00013541 the app portal on how to install apps and takeoff apps as a
UrX-PTr1MDk-00025-00013541-00013837 teacher and a student
Uv3e7skPjoo-00000-00000717-00001276 Ticker tape was the earliest electrical dedicated financial communications medium, transmitting
Uv3e7skPjoo-00001-00001276-00001930 stock price information over telegraph lines, in use from around 1870 through 1970.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00002-00001930-00002397 It consisted of a paper strip that ran through a machine called a stock ticker, which printed
Uv3e7skPjoo-00003-00002397-00002977 abbreviated company names as alphabetic symbols followed by numeric stock transaction price
Uv3e7skPjoo-00004-00002977-00003149 and volume information.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00005-00003149-00003715 Although telegraphic printing systems were first invented by Royal Earl House in 1846,
Uv3e7skPjoo-00006-00003715-00004304 early models were fragile, required hand-cranked power, frequently went out of synchronization
Uv3e7skPjoo-00007-00004305-00004846 between sender and receiver, and didn’t become popular in widespread commercial use.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00008-00004846-00005373 It was improved with clockwork weight power in 1856, and became viable for commercial
Uv3e7skPjoo-00009-00005374-00005770 use with a resynchronization system in 1858.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00010-00005770-00006370 The first stock price ticker system using a telegraphic printer was invented in 1863
Uv3e7skPjoo-00011-00006370-00006752 and unveiled in New York City in 1867.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00012-00006752-00007244 Early versions of stock tickers provided the first mechanical means of conveying stock
Uv3e7skPjoo-00013-00007245-00007698 prices ("quotes"), over a long distance over telegraph wiring.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00014-00007698-00008260 In its infancy, the ticker used the same symbols as Morse code as a medium for conveying messages.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00015-00008260-00008768 One of the earliest practical stock ticker machines, the Universal Stock Ticker developed
Uv3e7skPjoo-00016-00008768-00009393 by Thomas Edison in 1869, used alphanumeric characters with a printing speed of approximately
Uv3e7skPjoo-00017-00009393-00009598 one character per second.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00018-00009598-00010080 Previously, stock prices had been hand-delivered via written or verbal messages.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00019-00010080-00010588 Since the useful time-span of individual quotes is very brief, they generally hadn’t been
Uv3e7skPjoo-00020-00010588-00011180 sent long distances, so aggregated summaries, were sent instead, typically once a day.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00021-00011180-00011710 The increase in speed provided by the ticker allowed for faster and more exact sales.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00022-00011710-00012202 Since the ticker ran continuously, updates to a stock's price whenever the price changed
Uv3e7skPjoo-00023-00012202-00012746 became effective much faster and trading became a more time-sensitive matter.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00024-00012746-00013275 For the first time, trades were being done in what is now thought of as near real-time.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00025-00013275-00013706 By the 1880s, there were about a thousand stock tickers installed in the offices of
Uv3e7skPjoo-00026-00013706-00013928 New York bankers and brokers.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00027-00013928-00014465 In 1890, members of the exchange agreed to create the New York Quotation Co., buying
Uv3e7skPjoo-00028-00014465-00015130 up all other ticker companies to ensure accuracy of reporting of price and volume activity.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00029-00015130-00015668 Stock tickers used the technology of the then-recently invented telegraph machines, with the advantage
Uv3e7skPjoo-00030-00015668-00016168 that the output was readable text, instead of the dots and dashes of Morse code.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00031-00016168-00016664 A special typewriter designed for operation over telegraph wires was used at the opposite
Uv3e7skPjoo-00032-00016664-00017002 end of the telegraph wire connection to the ticker machine.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00033-00017002-00017448 Text typed on the typewriter was displayed on the ticker machine at the opposite end
Uv3e7skPjoo-00034-00017448-00017567 of the connection.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00035-00017567-00018104 The machines printed a series of ticker symbols (usually shortened forms of a company's name),
Uv3e7skPjoo-00036-00018104-00018528 followed by brief information about the price of that company's stock; the thin strip of
Uv3e7skPjoo-00037-00018528-00018868 paper on which they were printed was called ticker tape.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00038-00018868-00019326 The word ticker comes from the distinct tapping (or ticking) noise the machines made while
Uv3e7skPjoo-00039-00019326-00019426 printing.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00040-00019426-00019870 Pulses on the telegraph line made a letter wheel turn step by step until the correct
Uv3e7skPjoo-00041-00019870-00020097 symbol was reached and then printed.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00042-00020097-00020706 A typical 32-symbol letter wheel had to turn on average 15 steps until the next letter
Uv3e7skPjoo-00043-00020706-00021295 could be printed resulting in a very slow printing speed of one character per second.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00044-00021295-00021961 In 1883, ticker transmitter keyboards resembled the keyboard of a piano with black keys indicating
Uv3e7skPjoo-00045-00021961-00022515 letters and the white keys indicating numbers and fractions, corresponding to two rotating
Uv3e7skPjoo-00046-00022515-00022860 type wheels in the connected ticker tape printers.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00047-00022860-00023386 Newer and more efficient tickers became available in the 1930s, but these newer and better tickers
Uv3e7skPjoo-00048-00023387-00023775 still had an approximate 15-to-20-minute delay.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00049-00023775-00024293 In the early days of baseball, before electronic scoreboards, manual score turners used a ticker
Uv3e7skPjoo-00050-00024293-00024564 to get the latest scores from around the league.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00051-00024564-00025078 Ticker machines became obsolete in the 1960s, replaced by computer networks.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00052-00025078-00025308 Simulated ticker displays, still exist.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00053-00025308-00025788 One of the most famous outdoor displays is the simulated ticker scrolling marquee in
Uv3e7skPjoo-00054-00025788-00025954 Times Square.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00055-00025954-00026445 Used ticker tape was used as confetti, to be thrown from the windows above parades either
Uv3e7skPjoo-00056-00026445-00027048 cut up into scraps or thrown as whole spools, primarily in lower Manhattan; this became
Uv3e7skPjoo-00057-00027048-00027294 known as a ticker tape parade.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00058-00027294-00027772 Ticker tape parades generally celebrated some significant event, such as the end of World
Uv3e7skPjoo-00059-00027772-00028266 War I and World War II, or the safe return of one of the early astronauts.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00060-00028266-00028712 Ticker tape parades are still held in New York City, specifically in the "Canyon of
Uv3e7skPjoo-00061-00028712-00029220 Heroes" in Manhattan, most often when local sports teams win a championship.
Uv3e7skPjoo-00062-00029220-00029730 However, actual ticker tape is not used during these parades any longer; often, pieces of
Uv3e7skPjoo-00063-00029730-00030142 paper from paper shredders are used as a convenient source of confetti.
UvK57FDF9Pk-00000-00000044-00000462 Hello and welcome.  Today, we will be reviewing a proposal presentation 
UvK57FDF9Pk-00001-00000463-00000992 drafted by GLS's Industry Solutions. Designing a well rounded onboarding
UvK57FDF9Pk-00002-00000992-00001458 program is a lofty, yet beneficial goal for any industry. Research has revealed
UvK57FDF9Pk-00003-00001458-00001893 that an onboarding program can mitigate employee dissatisfaction and ultimately
UvK57FDF9Pk-00004-00001893-00002278 avoid turnover because it goes beyond the traditional new employee orientation.
UvK57FDF9Pk-00005-00002278-00002718 While addressing often overlooked issues such as betting in the company culture,
UvK57FDF9Pk-00006-00002718-00003243 employee engagement, and ensuring employee success. Due to its reportedly
UvK57FDF9Pk-00007-00003243-00003588 high turnover, the fast food and restaurant industries will be the target 
UvK57FDF9Pk-00008-00003588-00003984 Audience for this program. The average cost per hire is five
UvK57FDF9Pk-00009-00003984-00004253 thousand eight hundred and sixty-five dollars. 
UvK57FDF9Pk-00010-00004253-00004416 "When support and direction is
UvK57FDF9Pk-00011-00004416-00004839 not offered during onboarding, employees become unhappy and unproductive and
UvK57FDF9Pk-00012-00004839-00005436 typically leave within the first 90 days of employment" Our research we found
UvK57FDF9Pk-00013-00005436-00005810 that employees reportedly left their jobs due to lack of training, they felt
UvK57FDF9Pk-00014-00005810-00006257 neglected, underappreciated and overwhelmed to name a few. This employee
UvK57FDF9Pk-00015-00006257-00006717 onboarding is critical to sustain a viable employment life cycle. The unique
UvK57FDF9Pk-00016-00006717-00007128 premise of the industry focused on boarding plan is of dual nature, in which
UvK57FDF9Pk-00017-00007128-00007542 both leadership and staff are involved. Phase 1 of the program targets the
UvK57FDF9Pk-00018-00007542-00007979 company's leadership by educating management on the measurable rewards of
UvK57FDF9Pk-00019-00007979-00008450 onboarding, and instructing the HR or TD departments on how to conduct the
UvK57FDF9Pk-00020-00008450-00008979 program and provide continued support and monitor progress. Phase 2 focuses on
UvK57FDF9Pk-00021-00008979-00009293 the staff, demonstrating the importance of fitting in the company culture,
UvK57FDF9Pk-00022-00009293-00009789 clearly stating company and supervisor expectations, and informing about
UvK57FDF9Pk-00023-00009789-00010197 available resources for employees to communicate and share their experiences
UvK57FDF9Pk-00024-00010197-00010722 during the training process and beyond. While a variety of preexisting options
UvK57FDF9Pk-00025-00010722-00011127 that range in scale and implementations from course to tracking systems abound,
UvK57FDF9Pk-00026-00011127-00011621 our team found that system solutions are one-sided or generalized. Thus our team
UvK57FDF9Pk-00027-00011621-00012099 believes that our new onboarding program will rise above these shortcomings by
UvK57FDF9Pk-00028-00012099-00012539 providing clear guidelines to employers about why onboarding is a solution they
UvK57FDF9Pk-00029-00012539-00012989 need, how to best implement, how to adjust our program to their needs and how to
UvK57FDF9Pk-00030-00012989-00013405 review and adjust as needed. Let's now visit the solutions that
UvK57FDF9Pk-00031-00013405-00013990 industry solutions proposed. With the definite goal of establishing a formal
UvK57FDF9Pk-00032-00013990-00014466 onboarding program that will positively impact employees, we will provide general
UvK57FDF9Pk-00033-00014466-00014950 strategies for employers to implement the program including best practices and
UvK57FDF9Pk-00034-00014950-00015505 recommended tools. We will also provide guidelines to establish an onboarding
UvK57FDF9Pk-00035-00015505-00015963 program that creates a supporting atmosphere for new hires, provides the
UvK57FDF9Pk-00036-00015963-00016372 resources to help new hires feel comfortable, introduces the new hire to
UvK57FDF9Pk-00037-00016372-00016702 the organization's culture and introduces job roles and
UvK57FDF9Pk-00038-00016702-00016990 responsibilities. Finally our program will provide
UvK57FDF9Pk-00039-00016990-00017419 employers for implementing to review performance goals and make adjustments
UvK57FDF9Pk-00040-00017419-00017977 as needed. Team 2 utilizes a collaborative approach to brainstorming.
UvK57FDF9Pk-00041-00017977-00018406 While the process does not always look the same, the steps ahead are a fair
UvK57FDF9Pk-00042-00018406-00018961 representation of team 2's brainstorming session: First the reason for the
UvK57FDF9Pk-00043-00018961-00019348 brainstorming session is stated. This reason comes in the form of a roadblock
UvK57FDF9Pk-00044-00019348-00019792 question that stops the natural flow of the conversation, and demands an
UvK57FDF9Pk-00045-00019792-00020272 acceptable answer in order to move forward. Second an initial solution is
UvK57FDF9Pk-00046-00020272-00020860 offered by one or more team members. Third members may agree or disagree with
UvK57FDF9Pk-00047-00020860-00021343 the choices, or may suggest new choices. Then the moderator calls out an obvious
UvK57FDF9Pk-00048-00021343-00021856 choice or winner based on popular consensus. The team agrees to accept (with
UvK57FDF9Pk-00049-00021856-00022537 a majority being needed to identify the winner choice) and moves forward. 
UvK57FDF9Pk-00050-00022537-00022897 Benefits to the collaborative brainstorming process include members Democratic
UvK57FDF9Pk-00051-00022897-00023389 participation in the process, freedom to support, scrutinize, or adjust ideas
UvK57FDF9Pk-00052-00023389-00023938 provided by members, a quicker way to reach a conclusion with a caveat-what if
UvK57FDF9Pk-00053-00023938-00024574 no one offers the first choice? In contrast, disadvantages of this process
UvK57FDF9Pk-00054-00024574-00024967 include the possibility of spending too much time exploring options and making
UvK57FDF9Pk-00055-00024967-00025465 suggestions. Again the possibility of simply not having any suggestions to
UvK57FDF9Pk-00056-00025465-00025923 begin with could hamper the creative process, requiring team members to break
UvK57FDF9Pk-00057-00025923-00026595 away and search for solutions that might solve the problem at hand.
UvK57FDF9Pk-00058-00026595-00026898 In order to maintain an order collaborative brainstorming session, it
UvK57FDF9Pk-00059-00026898-00027333 is important to choose a moderator as soon as a meeting begins. In this way, the
UvK57FDF9Pk-00060-00027333-00027750 selected person can remain abreast of the goal at hand, and rear in the
UvK57FDF9Pk-00061-00027750-00028127 conversation and brainstorming process.
UvK57FDF9Pk-00062-00028172-00028602 Additionally, it may be helpful if the team would identify or establish backup
UvK57FDF9Pk-00063-00028602-00029085 resources of inspiration and information such as a trusted subject-matter expert
UvK57FDF9Pk-00064-00029085-00029619 or a reliable publication in the topics that the team may explore. In this
UvK57FDF9Pk-00065-00029619-00030081 manner, if a specific issue does not have a readily available answer, the team
UvK57FDF9Pk-00066-00030081-00030564 knows where to go for inspiration. Next, we're going to visit the goals of the course.
UvK57FDF9Pk-00067-00030564-00031139 The overarching goal of the project is to stop or minimize employee
UvK57FDF9Pk-00068-00031139-00031581 turnover in the fast-food industry. We will achieve this goal by designing an
UvK57FDF9Pk-00069-00031581-00031955 onboarding program that is better than traditional new employee orientations.
UvK57FDF9Pk-00070-00031955-00032441 Onboarding should happen in conjunction with normal on-the-job training. 
UvK57FDF9Pk-00071-00032441-00032856 Our onboarding program has two terminal objectives. Ensure buy-in from the
UvK57FDF9Pk-00072-00032856-00033384 leadership by providing impactful education about onboarding. And imparting
UvK57FDF9Pk-00073-00033384-00033822 an onboarding program that addresses overlooked factors which impact employee
UvK57FDF9Pk-00074-00033822-00034101 satisfaction such as understanding the company
UvK57FDF9Pk-00075-00034101-00034503 culture, understanding company expectations, and using the company
UvK57FDF9Pk-00076-00034503-00035051 culture to advance their career. Core competencies include: Adaptability:
UvK57FDF9Pk-00077-00035051-00035508 Revising work on a frequent basis based on stakeholder feedback and applying
UvK57FDF9Pk-00078-00035508-00035886 critical thinking to address multiple demands and competing priorities in a
UvK57FDF9Pk-00079-00035886-00036291 changing environment, and Internal communication: Conveying information
UvK57FDF9Pk-00080-00036291-00036681 effectively and frequently, while monitoring existing methods of
UvK57FDF9Pk-00081-00036681-00037125 communication to remain abreast on trends, issues and remain engaged with staff.
UvK57FDF9Pk-00082-00037125-00037656 How do we know our program is working? The first step is to establish a
UvK57FDF9Pk-00083-00037656-00037989 baseline; the learning and development team will conduct assessments to
UvK57FDF9Pk-00084-00037989-00038376 determine answers to some of these questions: What efforts are put in place
UvK57FDF9Pk-00085-00038376-00038847 to onboard staff? How do employees feel these efforts are working? How does
UvK57FDF9Pk-00086-00038847-00039327 leadership feel about these efforts, and their results? We'll also look at employee
UvK57FDF9Pk-00087-00039327-00040056 scores/performance reviews, payroll data and exit interview feedback. This
UvK57FDF9Pk-00088-00040056-00040362 second step is to implement a scorecard system for the company and the
UvK57FDF9Pk-00089-00040362-00040763 individual: The purpose of the individual scorecard is to track employee feedback
UvK57FDF9Pk-00090-00040763-00041148 through the onboarding process the purpose of the company scorecard is to
UvK57FDF9Pk-00091-00041148-00041493 show staff how the company is doing in regards to the goal of properly
UvK57FDF9Pk-00092-00041493-00041955 onboarding employees and deterring turnover. The methodology to obtain data
UvK57FDF9Pk-00093-00041955-00042363 to complete the scorecards will vary according to the company's size and
UvK57FDF9Pk-00094-00042363-00043023 budget. To obtain data we will consider: Frequent check-ins, performance date
UvK57FDF9Pk-00095-00043023-00043466 comparison -meaning our employees doing better overall after implementation of
UvK57FDF9Pk-00096-00043466-00043988 the program, satisfaction surveys, exit interviews, perform in-depth employee
UvK57FDF9Pk-00097-00043988-00044496 interviews OR one-on-one new hire interviews. Ultimately, the scorecard will
UvK57FDF9Pk-00098-00044496-00044865 answer these questions our employ staying? Our employees stay longer? And
UvK57FDF9Pk-00099-00044865-00045371 our employees more satisfied overall with their jobs.
UvK57FDF9Pk-00100-00045431-00045807 Factors such as employees not understanding why company culture
UvK57FDF9Pk-00101-00045807-00046218 matters, how company culture can help them succeed, and understand what is
UvK57FDF9Pk-00102-00046218-00046665 expected of them in addition to regular job requirements ultimately lead to
UvK57FDF9Pk-00103-00046665-00047157 employee dissatisfaction, causing turnover. In addition, industry factors
UvK57FDF9Pk-00104-00047157-00047775 such as low morale and low pay aggravate the situation. The instructional problem
UvK57FDF9Pk-00105-00047775-00048132 our team is faced with is that while onboarding can mitigate turnover
UvK57FDF9Pk-00106-00048132-00048495 effectively, companies are plagued with leadership that don't understand its
UvK57FDF9Pk-00107-00048495-00048921 importance, Human Resources and Training Development departments that don't apply
UvK57FDF9Pk-00108-00048921-00049368 the required competencies are aware of available resources or tools to help
UvK57FDF9Pk-00109-00049368-00049755 their employees succeed, and staff that has left navigate company expectations
UvK57FDF9Pk-00110-00049755-00050366 and culture on their own. Our program will utilize an impactful educational
UvK57FDF9Pk-00111-00050366-00050796 session to ensure leadership buy-in. This presentation is supported by research
UvK57FDF9Pk-00112-00050796-00051215 done in advance about the company. Numbers we'll make it enticing, but the
UvK57FDF9Pk-00113-00051215-00051525 promised results will sell it. HR and Training and Development
UvK57FDF9Pk-00114-00051525-00051894 departments are also addressed, to ensure they understand the level of effort
UvK57FDF9Pk-00115-00051894-00052365 needed to engage and welcome new hires. Tools, examples, and case studies will be
UvK57FDF9Pk-00116-00052365-00052962 discussed as well. Finally, no longer staff left to fend for themselves. Our
UvK57FDF9Pk-00117-00052962-00053427 onboarding program is a guided tour to "fitting in." Why is fitting in so
UvK57FDF9Pk-00118-00053427-00053855 important? Fitting in does not mean to lose one's identity among a sea of other
UvK57FDF9Pk-00119-00053855-00054317 employees, but to ensure the culture of the company fits the employee, not the
UvK57FDF9Pk-00120-00054317-00054615 other way around. You can't put a square peg in a round
UvK57FDF9Pk-00121-00054615-00055401 hole by the way. This concludes GLS's Industry Solutions presentation. 
UvK57FDF9Pk-00122-00055401-00055688 Thank you for your time today.
UvRBUfyFDGu-00000-00000068-00000405 Hapag-Lloyd just finished the first quarter of 2017
UvRBUfyFDGu-00001-00000422-00000794 and joining me now here in the Fleet Support Center is Rolf Habben Jansen,
UvRBUfyFDGu-00002-00000796-00001003 the CEO of Hapag-Lloyd.
UvRBUfyFDGu-00003-00001052-00001298 How satisfied are you with the results?
UvRBUfyFDGu-00004-00001340-00001554 The results of the first quarter have been a mixed bag.
UvRBUfyFDGu-00005-00001554-00001880 Volume was strong, there are some improvements in rate
UvRBUfyFDGu-00006-00001880-00002084 but not as much as we would like
UvRBUfyFDGu-00007-00002094-00002314 and bunker costs went actually up quite a lot.
UvRBUfyFDGu-00008-00002348-00002642 What impact had the latest developments in freight rates
UvRBUfyFDGu-00009-00002642-00002882 and bunker prices on the results?
UvRBUfyFDGu-00010-00002958-00003394 Well, you always see when bunker cost goes up
UvRBUfyFDGu-00011-00003394-00003729 it takes a little bit of time before you see that reflected in the freight rates.
UvRBUfyFDGu-00012-00003732-00004078 So in the first quarter we definitely see the effects of higher bunker costs
UvRBUfyFDGu-00013-00004078-00004380 but not yet the full effects of the increase in freight rates
UvRBUfyFDGu-00014-00004380-00004636 which we actually expect to see in the second
UvRBUfyFDGu-00015-00004636-00004866 and especially the third and fourth quarter onwards.
UvRBUfyFDGu-00016-00004906-00005168 What kind of further development do you expect
UvRBUfyFDGu-00017-00005168-00005486 with regard to freight rates and bunker prices?
UvRBUfyFDGu-00018-00005552-00005750 Well, today the market is quite strong.
UvRBUfyFDGu-00019-00005750-00005980 I mean, volume is developing well
UvRBUfyFDGu-00020-00006008-00006368 and we believe that the freight rates will recover further
UvRBUfyFDGu-00021-00006368-00006526 which is also not illogical
UvRBUfyFDGu-00022-00006526-00006778 after they had been declining for such a long time.
UvRBUfyFDGu-00023-00006809-00007042 What main activities did you focus on
UvRBUfyFDGu-00024-00007042-00007162 in the last quarter
UvRBUfyFDGu-00025-00007162-00007423 and what are the priorities for the next months?
UvRBUfyFDGu-00026-00007480-00007706 Well, of course for us it was important in the first quarter
UvRBUfyFDGu-00027-00007706-00008009 to continue working on the project with UASC
UvRBUfyFDGu-00028-00008009-00008224 that is now very close to completion
UvRBUfyFDGu-00029-00008224-00008452 and that also means that in Q2 and Q3
UvRBUfyFDGu-00030-00008452-00008686 we will be very much focused on the integration
UvRBUfyFDGu-00031-00008686-00009010 apart from, of course, continuing to offer good service for our customers
UvRBUfyFDGu-00032-00009010-00009250 and negotiating best possible rates also
UvRBUfyFDGu-00033-00009250-00009674 for the remain of 2017 and hopefully already into 2018 as well.
UvRBUfyFDGu-00034-00009674-00009940 What are your expectations for the rest of the year
UvRBUfyFDGu-00035-00009940-00010178 for the industry and for Hapag-Lloyd?
UvRBUfyFDGu-00036-00010254-00010412 Well, as far as we can see it right now,
UvRBUfyFDGu-00037-00010412-00010658 the outlook is actually fairly positive.
UvRBUfyFDGu-00038-00010666-00010954 Supply and demand are getting closer and closer together.
UvRBUfyFDGu-00039-00010958-00011220 We see that the contracts that we close today
UvRBUfyFDGu-00040-00011220-00011508 generally have better rates than what we have seen before
UvRBUfyFDGu-00041-00011508-00011746 and I believe that we are well prepared for the integration,
UvRBUfyFDGu-00042-00011746-00011860 so from that perspective
UvRBUfyFDGu-00043-00011860-00012264 I’m cautiously optimistic when looking into the remain of 2017.
UvRBUfyFDGu-00044-00012264-00012584 Thank you Rolf Habben Jansen, the CEO of Hapag-Lloyd
UvRBUfyFDGu-00045-00012584-00012784 and thank you for watching.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00000-00000099-00000241 - Hi everyone, welcome to our talk,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00001-00000241-00000352 "Hacking the Supply Chain",
UxVJX2eCDoE-00002-00000352-00000562 about the Ripple20 vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00003-00000562-00000807 that haunt hundreds of millions of critical devices.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00004-00000807-00001069 A little bit about us, JSOF,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00005-00001069-00001252 so JSOF is a software security consultancy,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00006-00001252-00001564 we do a lot of security research, penetration testing.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00007-00001564-00001792 We help companies with their secure
UxVJX2eCDoE-00008-00001792-00002039 development processes as well as some training.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00009-00002162-00002261 My name as Shlomi Oberman,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00010-00002261-00002386 I'm a co-founder at JSOF.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00011-00002471-00002667 Today with me today we will be speaking Moshe Kol,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00012-00002667-00002815 a security researcher at JSOF
UxVJX2eCDoE-00013-00002815-00003021 and the finder of the Ripple20 vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00014-00003021-00003390 and Ariel Schon, a security researcher at JSOF
UxVJX2eCDoE-00015-00003390-00003641 that was also heavily involved in the research.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00016-00003735-00003929 We'll be talking about Ripple20 in general today,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00017-00003929-00004273 explaining what it is and how it evolved.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00018-00004273-00004409 And we'll be going into detail
UxVJX2eCDoE-00019-00004409-00004492 about one of the vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00020-00004492-00004808 the vulnerability that we find the most interesting
UxVJX2eCDoE-00021-00004808-00005046 out of the Ripple20 vulnerabilities.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00022-00005046-00005291 Short spoiler here, it's one CVE,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00023-00005291-00005374 but we'll actually talking
UxVJX2eCDoE-00024-00005374-00005822 about several vulnerabilities hiding behind this one CVE.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00025-00005822-00006076 And then we'll be going in depth into exploitation
UxVJX2eCDoE-00026-00006076-00006263 on a specific vulnerable device
UxVJX2eCDoE-00027-00006263-00006619 with a specific configuration.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00028-00006619-00006831 So what is Ripple20?
UxVJX2eCDoE-00029-00006831-00007102 Ripple20 is a series of 19 zero day vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00030-00007102-00007412 in a TCP/IP stack called Treck TCP/IP.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00031-00007412-00007615 We say 19 zero day vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00032-00007615-00007839 but it sort of depends how you count,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00033-00007839-00008175 there are quite a few more discreet bugs
UxVJX2eCDoE-00034-00008175-00008363 in these 19 vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00035-00008363-00008479 and two of the vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00036-00008479-00008877 were reported anonymously at the same time as we reported,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00037-00008877-00009035 so it depends how you count.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00038-00009035-00009250 These vulnerabilities were amplified by the supply chain
UxVJX2eCDoE-00039-00009250-00009424 to affect hundreds of millions
UxVJX2eCDoE-00040-00009424-00009754 of devices and all kinds of verticals.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00041-00009754-00009993 Medical, a lot of critical devices,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00042-00009993-00010342 industrial control, enterprise and a bunch of others,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00043-00010342-00010532 we'll explain how this came to happen.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00044-00010658-00010838 Out of the Ripple20 vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00045-00010838-00010954 four of the vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00046-00010954-00011249 are critical remote code execution vulnerabilities.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00047-00011249-00011575 And in addition eight vulnerabilities, or eight CVs
UxVJX2eCDoE-00048-00011575-00011814 are medium to high severity vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00049-00011814-00012017 some of which could also potentially lead
UxVJX2eCDoE-00050-00012017-00012358 to remote code execution pending further research
UxVJX2eCDoE-00051-00012358-00012705 if anyone wants to go into that.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00052-00012859-00013012 The vulnerabilities affect hundreds
UxVJX2eCDoE-00053-00013012-00013160 of millions of different devices,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00054-00013160-00013416 from brand names you all know.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00055-00013416-00013877 We currently have over 100 different vendors
UxVJX2eCDoE-00056-00013877-00014135 with suspected affected devices.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00057-00014135-00014382 Meaning the different vendors are looking
UxVJX2eCDoE-00058-00014382-00014679 into these devices to see whether they are affected or not.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00059-00014679-00015062 These include Fortune 500, Global 500 companies,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00060-00015062-00015313 such as those you see on the slides,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00061-00015313-00015571 as well as one-person specialty shops.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00062-00015697-00016101 And quite a large range and diverse range of vendors.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00063-00016241-00016506 You can see the Ripple20 vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00064-00016506-00016688 in medical devices when you go to the hospital,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00065-00016688-00017050 in your home, in your company,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00066-00017050-00017415 when you turn on the light, when you turn on the water.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00067-00017415-00017683 Transportation devices are affected by Ripple20.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00068-00017683-00017805 Pretty much everywhere you
UxVJX2eCDoE-00069-00017805-00018138 go you'll see IoT devices in general,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00070-00018138-00018317 as well as specifically devices affected
UxVJX2eCDoE-00071-00018317-00018512 by the Ripple20 vulnerabilities.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00072-00018512-00018839 Our current assumption based on what we know,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00073-00018839-00019142 suspected devices as well as the confirmed devices,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00074-00019142-00019411 meaning if and when vendor's confirm
UxVJX2eCDoE-00075-00019411-00019598 the devices are affected,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00076-00019598-00019856 we assume every medium to large organization
UxVJX2eCDoE-00077-00019856-00020187 in the US has at least one vulnerable device.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00078-00020187-00020584 Of course some networks have many more devices,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00079-00020584-00020783 such as data centers or utility companies.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00080-00020783-00021115 But even any other kind of organization
UxVJX2eCDoE-00081-00021115-00021416 might have an affected printer.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00082-00021416-00021804 A hospital might have an affected IV pump, et cetera.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00083-00021804-00021986 How did this come to happen?
UxVJX2eCDoE-00084-00021986-00022198 This happened because of the supply chain.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00085-00022198-00022413 And security in the supply chain.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00086-00022413-00022559 Not in the sense that somebody put a backdoor
UxVJX2eCDoE-00087-00022559-00022975 into a component built in another country.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00088-00022975-00023215 But in the sense that a piece of code, a library
UxVJX2eCDoE-00089-00023215-00023542 had a vulnerability, like any software has vulnerability,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00090-00023542-00023773 and this piece of code was sold to an operating system,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00091-00023773-00024151 it was then sold onwards to a system on module,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00092-00024151-00024351 and the system on module embedded the operating system
UxVJX2eCDoE-00093-00024351-00024625 with our vulnerable library.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00094-00024625-00024816 And from this point nobody even knows
UxVJX2eCDoE-00095-00024816-00025019 they are using this piece of code,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00096-00025019-00025260 this piece of Treck TCP/IP stack.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00097-00025260-00025396 This system on module is then used
UxVJX2eCDoE-00098-00025396-00025583 on different devices such as IV pumps,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00099-00025583-00025957 and the whole chain becomes vulnerable.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00100-00025957-00026149 Just imagine what happens if one of the companies
UxVJX2eCDoE-00101-00026149-00026438 along the way goes bankrupt or ceases operation
UxVJX2eCDoE-00102-00026438-00026645 just how difficult it
UxVJX2eCDoE-00103-00026645-00026862 is to track down the vulnerable devices,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00104-00026862-00027314 and how complex it is to fix and patch.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00105-00027314-00027584 So we have a network of devices,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00106-00027584-00027795 a network of different vendors each selling
UxVJX2eCDoE-00107-00027795-00028042 to each other to create final products.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00108-00028042-00028458 Built like Lego from different pieces in different parts.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00109-00028458-00028542 And then when one part
UxVJX2eCDoE-00110-00028542-00028727 at the very beginning of the supply chain
UxVJX2eCDoE-00111-00028727-00029149 strategically located at the beginning of the supply chain
UxVJX2eCDoE-00112-00029149-00029351 gets affected by a vulnerability,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00113-00029351-00029689 different devices along the supply chain affected.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00114-00029689-00029866 This is what happened with Ripple20.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00115-00029866-00030081 And this is why it affects so many devices.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00116-00030204-00030700 So why did we choose to do this research on Treck TCP/IP,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00117-00030700-00030807 and why we think it's important
UxVJX2eCDoE-00118-00030807-00031027 for the security industry as a whole?
UxVJX2eCDoE-00119-00031027-00031362 For starters this aspect of the supply chain
UxVJX2eCDoE-00120-00031362-00031685 of vulnerabilities existing in the supply chain,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00121-00031685-00031952 not as back doors but just as regular vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00122-00031952-00032342 and traveling, rippling from device to device,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00123-00032342-00032504 and this ripple effect this is something
UxVJX2eCDoE-00124-00032504-00032667 that is mostly unexplored.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00125-00032667-00032848 It's been discussed, we've seen some examples,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00126-00032848-00033122 Ripple20 is really a prime example
UxVJX2eCDoE-00127-00033122-00033367 what happens when a vulnerability
UxVJX2eCDoE-00128-00033367-00033623 is located this deep in the supply chain,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00129-00033623-00033822 and exists for so many years.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00130-00033822-00034156 So this one vulnerability, multiple products,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00131-00034156-00034312 huge impact.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00132-00034312-00034676 And this is quite the beginning of the discussion
UxVJX2eCDoE-00133-00034676-00034867 of what should be done to fix
UxVJX2eCDoE-00134-00034867-00035022 these types of vulnerabilities.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00135-00035111-00035363 Another interesting thing is for us it
UxVJX2eCDoE-00136-00035363-00035542 was of course a good attack surface.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00137-00035542-00035794 And going forward there
UxVJX2eCDoE-00138-00035794-00036028 is the potential for zombie vulnerabilities.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00139-00036028-00036424 Zombie vulnerabilities, it's complicated vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00140-00036424-00036527 we don't know if they are one days,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00141-00036527-00036693 we don't know if they are zero days,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00142-00036693-00036950 quite a few of the vendor's we believe won't be patching.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00143-00036950-00037307 Either they don't know they have Treck,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00144-00037307-00037468 or the devices can't be patched,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00145-00037468-00037598 companies went bankrupt.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00146-00037598-00037776 And so you have these walking
UxVJX2eCDoE-00147-00037776-00038032 dead vulnerabilities that are supposed to be patched.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00148-00038032-00038185 They have already been reported,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00149-00038185-00038458 but they still exist in the wild.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00150-00038458-00038653 So this is quite an interesting phenomena,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00151-00038653-00038888 for us as well as for the industry.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00152-00038991-00039268 Treck specifically was chosen
UxVJX2eCDoE-00153-00039268-00039599 because it's an extremely successful TCP/IP stack,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00154-00039599-00040099 used widely in the embedded device world in the IoT world,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00155-00040137-00040297 and has been available for over 20 years.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00156-00040297-00040522 So during those 20 years, 20 something years
UxVJX2eCDoE-00157-00040522-00040940 it spread throughout the supply chain from device to device,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00158-00040940-00041331 from vendor to vendor and reached its current's scope,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00159-00041331-00041512 current impact.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00160-00041512-00041836 One thing that's very interesting about Treck TCP/IP
UxVJX2eCDoE-00161-00041836-00042143 made our life quite challenging
UxVJX2eCDoE-00162-00042143-00042413 and made the life of network operators challenging,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00163-00042413-00042705 is that the Treck stack is extremely configurable.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00164-00042705-00042972 So every instance of Treck is slightly different,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00165-00042972-00043326 it depends when the vendor stopped support of Treck,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00166-00043326-00043474 what version of Treck they are using.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00167-00043474-00043685 It also depends how they compiled Treck.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00168-00043685-00043978 Compiled specific configuration options,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00169-00043978-00044169 specific features they bought or did not buy,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00170-00044169-00044422 how they are using what memory management
UxVJX2eCDoE-00171-00044422-00044522 they are using et cetera.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00172-00044522-00044949 So every version of the Treck stack looks different,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00173-00044949-00045119 and the vulnerabilities change,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00174-00045119-00045262 so some vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00175-00045262-00045461 affect different devices differently,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00176-00045461-00045648 some devices are affected by some of the vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00177-00045648-00045844 some devices are affected
UxVJX2eCDoE-00178-00045844-00046193 by more extreme versions of the vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00179-00046193-00046460 but others are affected by lesser versions.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00180-00046460-00046749 So very complex, very complex to understand.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00181-00046749-00047102 And of course at the very, very beginning
UxVJX2eCDoE-00182-00047102-00047216 of a long supply chain,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00183-00047216-00047434 so Treck doesn't incorporate any other components,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00184-00047434-00047538 which is not something
UxVJX2eCDoE-00185-00047538-00047884 that we can say about any of the other devices affected,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00186-00047884-00048251 which all incorporate different components including Treck.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00187-00048251-00048492 The research itself because Treck is so configurable
UxVJX2eCDoE-00188-00048492-00048829 we had to take a few data points.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00189-00048829-00048942 We used six different devices,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00190-00048942-00049439 we spent different amount of time on each device
UxVJX2eCDoE-00191-00049439-00049738 in order to understand what we're dealing with,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00192-00049738-00049944 in order to find variations to the vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00193-00049944-00050302 in order to understand whether certain vendors
UxVJX2eCDoE-00194-00050302-00050405 made changes of their own
UxVJX2eCDoE-00195-00050405-00050658 to the stack or to the compilation,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00196-00050658-00050846 and so we used six different devices
UxVJX2eCDoE-00197-00050846-00051117 with differing architectures
UxVJX2eCDoE-00198-00051117-00051518 in order to understand what's going on,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00199-00051518-00051894 where this stack is and how the stack is used.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00200-00051894-00052191 The research took approximately nine months
UxVJX2eCDoE-00201-00052191-00052504 with changing differing intensities throughout this time.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00202-00052504-00052630 Started September 19th,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00203-00052630-00052889 we reported to vulnerabilities June 20th,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00204-00052889-00053146 June 2020 of course.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00205-00053146-00053638 And then we discovered some things after-the-fact as well.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00206-00053638-00054138 For example, while trying to bypass our company firewall
UxVJX2eCDoE-00207-00054138-00054228 in order to see if the vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00208-00054228-00054416 route over the Internet,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00209-00054416-00054776 we discovered that because Treck TCP/IP stack
UxVJX2eCDoE-00210-00054776-00054990 allows for encapsulation,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00211-00054990-00055294 you can also encapsulate these vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00212-00055294-00055504 attempting to bypass firewalls.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00213-00055504-00055754 So we were able to bypass firewalls,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00214-00055754-00055953 at least some of these vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00215-00055953-00056284 will route over the Internet.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00216-00056460-00056776 As with any research involved in IoT,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00217-00056776-00056960 especially with so many different devices,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00218-00056960-00057129 we saw some pretty strange architectures,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00219-00057129-00057310 pretty strange firmware,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00220-00057403-00057723 and firmer structures.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00221-00057723-00057831 The device we'll be talking about today
UxVJX2eCDoE-00222-00057831-00058244 as one of these unique architectures.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00223-00058244-00058540 We can't talk about everything in the scope of 45 minutes,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00224-00058540-00058886 of course these are very complex detailed things,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00225-00059078-00059253 the exploitation of all the vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00226-00059253-00059598 is something that we won't be able to go into in-depth.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00227-00059685-00060036 We did release two white papers with full details
UxVJX2eCDoE-00228-00060036-00060422 as well as pseudo code and specific references
UxVJX2eCDoE-00229-00060422-00060667 to the devices and the memory configurations
UxVJX2eCDoE-00230-00060667-00060884 that we exploited,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00231-00060884-00061047 feel free to look them up on our site
UxVJX2eCDoE-00232-00061047-00061311 if you want to go into further technical detail.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00233-00061451-00061627 A little bit about the vulnerability
UxVJX2eCDoE-00234-00061627-00061814 or the CV that we'll be talking about today.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00235-00061814-00062244 So CVE-2020-11901 is a critical vulnerability
UxVJX2eCDoE-00236-00062244-00062510 in the Treck DNS resolver component.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00237-00062510-00062763 So client side DNS vulnerability.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00238-00062763-00062910 Once successfully exploited,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00239-00062910-00063014 it allows remote code execution
UxVJX2eCDoE-00240-00063014-00063422 as we've demonstrated and as you'll see today.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00241-00063422-00063551 The reason we think it so interesting
UxVJX2eCDoE-00242-00063551-00063715 and the reason we chose to talk about it,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00243-00063715-00063999 besides being remote code execution,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00244-00063999-00064266 is the fact that the DNS traverses NAT boundaries.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00245-00064266-00064730 So a device within your network will issue a DNS request
UxVJX2eCDoE-00246-00064730-00064962 which will potentially travel over the Internet
UxVJX2eCDoE-00247-00064962-00065180 allowing sophisticated high-end attackers
UxVJX2eCDoE-00248-00065180-00065439 to perform an attack from outside
UxVJX2eCDoE-00249-00065439-00065757 the network into the network itself,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00250-00065757-00065954 which is different from most vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00251-00065954-00066180 we see in TCP/IP stacks.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00252-00066180-00066382 Behind-the-scenes, four vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00253-00066382-00066616 one what we call an artifact,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00254-00066616-00066904 so that's a bug that made it easier for us to exploit.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00255-00066904-00067249 And these vulnerabilities vary over time,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00256-00067249-00067459 so over the years Treck changed
UxVJX2eCDoE-00257-00067459-00067828 the stack and the vulnerabilities changed,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00258-00067828-00067941 so we see different versions
UxVJX2eCDoE-00259-00067941-00068156 of the vulnerabilities in different devices,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00260-00068156-00068311 depending on when they stopped using Treck.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00261-00068311-00068671 They also change between vendor configuration.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00262-00068671-00068801 One of the interesting thing
UxVJX2eCDoE-00263-00068801-00069023 that we realized during this research,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00264-00069023-00069434 as well as during the disclosure process,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00265-00069434-00069724 we realized that the supply chain complexities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00266-00069724-00069966 are a real problem for information security,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00267-00069966-00070090 they are a real problem for the vendors,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00268-00070090-00070297 they are a real problem for the network operators
UxVJX2eCDoE-00269-00070297-00070590 and they create a challenge for the whole industry.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00270-00070721-00070861 And we realize this is bound to happen again,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00271-00070861-00071168 we didn't research the whole TCP/IP stacks,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00272-00071168-00071300 there are other TCP/IP stacks,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00273-00071300-00071569 there are other pieces of code libraries
UxVJX2eCDoE-00274-00071569-00071776 that exist in the supply chains
UxVJX2eCDoE-00275-00071776-00071949 that have been lurking around for years.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00276-00071949-00072292 So this should also be the beginning of the conversation
UxVJX2eCDoE-00277-00072292-00072570 about what vendors and what the network operators can do
UxVJX2eCDoE-00278-00072570-00072828 to both reduce the impact
UxVJX2eCDoE-00279-00072828-00073098 of vulnerabilities like this when they happen
UxVJX2eCDoE-00280-00073098-00073338 using things like exploit mitigation.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00281-00073338-00073790 As well as how we performed such complex disclosures,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00282-00073790-00074182 and how we make sure as vendors how the vendor's make sure
UxVJX2eCDoE-00283-00074182-00074582 that their suppliers are performing secure development
UxVJX2eCDoE-00284-00074582-00074915 and testing the code, et cetera.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00285-00074915-00075113 So this is a wake-up call to some
UxVJX2eCDoE-00286-00075113-00075250 of the vendors and some of the network operators
UxVJX2eCDoE-00287-00075250-00075666 that this will happen probably again and again,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00288-00075666-00075869 and this can be prevented,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00289-00075869-00076033 or at least the impact can be reduced
UxVJX2eCDoE-00290-00076033-00076222 using the right techniques.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00291-00076355-00076691 Now I'm going to hand over the microphone to Moshe Kol,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00292-00076691-00076887 he'll be talking about the different vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00293-00076887-00077150 where they are in the code and what they look like.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00294-00077265-00077391 - Thanks, Shlomi.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00295-00077391-00077712 Hi, I'm Moshe, I'm security researcher at JSOF.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00296-00077826-00078107 And I want to talk about the vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00297-00078107-00078378 that comprise CVE-2020-11901,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00298-00078378-00078629 also known as the DNS bugs.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00299-00078629-00078761 So first we need to refresh
UxVJX2eCDoE-00300-00078761-00078994 your memory about the DNS protocol.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00301-00078994-00079199 So DNS is a co-Internet protocol
UxVJX2eCDoE-00302-00079199-00079658 designed to mark between domain names and IP addresses.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00303-00079658-00079772 It's a client response protocol
UxVJX2eCDoE-00304-00079772-00079968 with a planned server architecture,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00305-00079968-00080226 so the client resolves the name
UxVJX2eCDoE-00306-00080226-00080439 by issuing a query to a DNS server.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00307-00080439-00080939 So for example if you browse to www.example.com
UxVJX2eCDoE-00308-00080987-00081357 your browser issues a DNS query of type a
UxVJX2eCDoE-00309-00081357-00081633 to one of the configured DNS servers,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00310-00081633-00081911 and the servers look up the name and returns a response,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00311-00081911-00082146 in this case of type a,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00312-00082146-00082469 the value of the response is and IPv forward address.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00313-00082557-00082791 So a little bit about the record types.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00314-00082791-00083052 So DNS servers can return multiple
UxVJX2eCDoE-00315-00083052-00083324 answers in the same DNS response.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00316-00083324-00083543 An answer is specified as a resource record.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00317-00083543-00083861 Each resource record is associated with the name,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00318-00083861-00084159 we talk about the type and class field shortly.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00319-00084159-00084360 The TTL specifies the number
UxVJX2eCDoE-00320-00084360-00084735 of seconds this record is valid.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00321-00084735-00085197 The value of the record is specified in the RDATA Field.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00322-00085197-00085571 Length is specified in the RDLENGTH field.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00323-00085571-00085763 So what questions and answers
UxVJX2eCDoE-00324-00085763-00086101 have a type in the DNS protocol?
UxVJX2eCDoE-00325-00086101-00086359 Some of the common types include type a,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00326-00086359-00086677 which specify and IPv address for the queried domain.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00327-00086677-00086908 Type CNAME, which defines an alias,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00328-00086908-00087236 a canonical name for the queried domain.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00329-00087236-00087517 This provides a level of interaction.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00330-00087517-00087645 And type MX,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00331-00087645-00087870 which defines a domain name
UxVJX2eCDoE-00332-00087870-00088116 of a mail server for the queried domain.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00333-00088116-00088547 So if for example you send an email for the Gmail.com,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00334-00088547-00088933 your mail client issues a DNS query for Gmail.com
UxVJX2eCDoE-00335-00089017-00089440 it gets back a domain name of a mail server for Gmail.com,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00336-00089440-00089660 and because this is a name not an IP address,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00337-00089660-00090032 this name needs to be resolved further into an IP address,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00338-00090032-00090523 the resolver issues a DNS query of type a in this case
UxVJX2eCDoE-00339-00090523-00090875 in order to resolve the domain name of the mail server.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00340-00090875-00091087 In practice most DNS servers simply
UxVJX2eCDoE-00341-00091087-00091350 hand in their IP address along with the name,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00342-00091350-00091589 but nonetheless, the functionality
UxVJX2eCDoE-00343-00091589-00091860 needs to be supported by the DNS resolvers.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00344-00092017-00092333 So little bit about the domain names
UxVJX2eCDoE-00345-00092333-00092617 encoding the binary format.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00346-00092617-00093027 So domain names are encoded as a sequence of labels,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00347-00093027-00093204 so www is a label,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00348-00093204-00093391 example is a label.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00349-00093391-00093573 Each label is preceded by length byte
UxVJX2eCDoE-00350-00093573-00094027 specifying the number of characters this label occupies,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00351-00094027-00094423 and then a domain name is terminated by a zero length byte,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00352-00094423-00094532 and according to the RFC,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00353-00094532-00094949 there is a maximum label length is 63,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00354-00094949-00095149 this will come up later.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00355-00095149-00095515 So what the designers of the DNS protocol noticed
UxVJX2eCDoE-00356-00095515-00095681 is that there is a lot of repetition
UxVJX2eCDoE-00357-00095681-00096079 inside the DNS packet itself.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00358-00096079-00096446 So in an effort to reduce the size of the DNS messages
UxVJX2eCDoE-00359-00096446-00096707 they employ a simple compression scheme.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00360-00096707-00096952 And this scheme compression is achieved by
UxVJX2eCDoE-00361-00096952-00097243 replacing a sequence of labels with a pointer
UxVJX2eCDoE-00362-00097243-00097438 to prior recurrence of the same sequence.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00363-00097438-00097714 So here you can see a sample DNS response packet,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00364-00097714-00097948 you can see Gmail.com is specified
UxVJX2eCDoE-00365-00097948-00098386 as an offset hex C from the start of the packet,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00366-00098386-00098572 and it so happens that Gmail.com
UxVJX2eCDoE-00367-00098572-00099006 needs to be specified multiple times inside the packet.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00368-00099006-00099349 So instead of specifying Gmail.com literally in the packet,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00369-00099349-00099698 again we simply use the compression features.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00370-00099698-00100170 We point to the previous occurrence at Gmail.com.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00371-00100170-00100615 So if we want to write SMTP.Gmail.com,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00372-00100615-00100960 we need to write only the first label literally,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00373-00100960-00101148 SMTP in this case,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00374-00101148-00101304 and the next two labels are specified
UxVJX2eCDoE-00375-00101304-00101493 using the compression offset.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00376-00101589-00101802 So in the compression schemes,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00377-00101802-00102059 compression pointers are encoded in two bytes,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00378-00102059-00102429 the first bytes begin with 11 as the most significant bits.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00379-00102429-00102647 And the other 14 bits specify
UxVJX2eCDoE-00380-00102647-00102851 an offset from the start of the header.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00381-00103033-00103208 So as Shlomi said,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00382-00103208-00103651 the vulnerabilities reside in the DNS resolver of TCP/IP
UxVJX2eCDoE-00383-00103651-00104059 and we find them in the DNS passing logic in the stack,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00384-00104059-00104341 specifically in the function called TFDNS callback.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00385-00104341-00104556 Here you can see a snippet
UxVJX2eCDoE-00386-00104556-00104808 of pseudo-code from this function,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00387-00104808-00105308 specifically the parsing logic handling MX resource records.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00388-00105340-00105540 So what we can see here is that
UxVJX2eCDoE-00389-00105540-00105983 the function computes the length of the MX hostname,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00390-00105983-00106301 based on the length a buffer on the heap is allocated,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00391-00106301-00106560 and then the MX hostname is copied
UxVJX2eCDoE-00392-00106560-00107016 as ASCII into the just allocated buffer.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00393-00107016-00107256 So what we can see from this snippet
UxVJX2eCDoE-00394-00107256-00107476 is that TfDnsLabelToAscii
UxVJX2eCDoE-00395-00107476-00107658 the function that is responsible for the copy
UxVJX2eCDoE-00396-00107658-00107964 it is not aware of the length of the buffer being allocated.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00397-00107964-00108464 What it does is simply copied bytes from the encoded names
UxVJX2eCDoE-00398-00108483-00108682 until another byte is reached.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00399-00108682-00109125 So this means that if for some reason expand label length
UxVJX2eCDoE-00400-00109125-00109356 returns a length value which is too small,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00401-00109356-00109730 we will have a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00402-00109730-00109930 So this motivates us to look further
UxVJX2eCDoE-00403-00109930-00110228 into expand label length and examine its operation.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00404-00110228-00110490 So you can see a pseudo-code of expandable length.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00405-00110490-00110715 What this function is basically doing
UxVJX2eCDoE-00406-00110715-00110918 it sums up over the length bytes
UxVJX2eCDoE-00407-00110918-00111103 while nine are in compression,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00408-00111103-00111460 so in more detail it reads the current label length,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00409-00111460-00111765 then checks to see if there is compression or not.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00410-00111765-00112081 If there is no compression which is the current case,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00411-00112081-00112302 it adds the current label length plus one
UxVJX2eCDoE-00412-00112302-00112446 to the total length variable,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00413-00112446-00112634 which is later returned from this function,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00414-00112634-00112837 an advanced name for that.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00415-00112837-00113164 If there is compression it rates the compression offset,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00416-00113164-00113459 it computes a new label pointer based on that offset.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00417-00113459-00113677 And then checks to see that a new label pointer
UxVJX2eCDoE-00418-00113677-00114016 points before the initial label pointer,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00419-00114016-00114475 so this means we can only jump backwards from where we were.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00420-00114475-00114929 And the process continues from this new label pointer.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00421-00115057-00115263 So as you can see there is
UxVJX2eCDoE-00422-00115263-00115481 no bound checks on the packet buffer here,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00423-00115481-00115633 so this led us to the first vulnerability,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00424-00115633-00115873 a read out of bounds vulnerability.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00425-00115873-00116130 This could result in a denial of service
UxVJX2eCDoE-00426-00116130-00116441 if for example while iterating over the length bytes
UxVJX2eCDoE-00427-00116441-00116714 we read from an unmapped page.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00428-00116714-00116990 But more interestingly we can cause
UxVJX2eCDoE-00429-00116990-00117190 an information leakage vulnerability.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00430-00117190-00117584 TfDnsLabelToAscii, the function that does the copy
UxVJX2eCDoE-00431-00117584-00117807 and has no bound checks either,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00432-00117807-00118034 this means the data from the heap
UxVJX2eCDoE-00433-00118034-00118203 could be interpreted as an MX hostname,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00434-00118203-00118559 this MX hostname is later resolved by the client
UxVJX2eCDoE-00435-00118559-00118854 in an attempt to get an IP address so this means
UxVJX2eCDoE-00436-00118854-00119113 that we can leak data from the heap inside
UxVJX2eCDoE-00437-00119113-00119431 the MX hostname itself in the query.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00438-00119431-00119707 This vulnerability affects Treck version at least 4.7,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00439-00119849-00120217 and it was fixed in later versions as we will see.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00440-00120217-00120483 We don't know the exact version of the fix,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00441-00120483-00120772 but nonetheless the vulnerability
UxVJX2eCDoE-00442-00120772-00120946 still affects devices in the wild.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00443-00120946-00121317 Due to the complex supply chain effect
UxVJX2eCDoE-00444-00121317-00121616 and nature of the embedded devices,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00445-00121616-00121873 so some don't receive updates.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00446-00121985-00122107 So this is nice and all,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00447-00122107-00122366 but we are looking for ASCII.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00448-00122366-00122601 So let's go back to the function that computes the length
UxVJX2eCDoE-00449-00122601-00122749 and examine its operator further.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00450-00122749-00123119 So there are more issues with expand label length,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00451-00123119-00123619 so there is a limitation on the maximum domain name length,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00452-00123852-00124131 the limitation is 255 characters,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00453-00124131-00124268 and this limitation is not enforced
UxVJX2eCDoE-00454-00124268-00124433 in expand label length.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00455-00124433-00124620 Further, it does not validate
UxVJX2eCDoE-00456-00124620-00124874 the characters of the domain name,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00457-00124874-00125186 they should be all alphanumeric and hyphens,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00458-00125186-00125360 but it doesn't validate it,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00459-00125360-00125773 so we can embed bytes within the name itself.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00460-00125773-00126023 And last but not least, the total length variable
UxVJX2eCDoE-00461-00126023-00126424 is told as an unsigned short, 16 bits width,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00462-00126424-00126734 and record that the total length is a variable
UxVJX2eCDoE-00463-00126734-00127192 that is returned from the expand label length.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00464-00127192-00127614 So what we tried to do is we tried to get our RCE
UxVJX2eCDoE-00465-00127614-00127901 by overflowing the total length variable.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00466-00127901-00128189 So what we need in order to pull this thing off
UxVJX2eCDoE-00467-00128189-00128662 is to construct a name whose length is larger at 64K.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00468-00128662-00128974 So we ask ourselves is it really possible,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00469-00128974-00129459 this is not trivial, this is possible over UDP.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00470-00129459-00129772 Can we overflow the total length variable
UxVJX2eCDoE-00471-00129772-00130068 within a single DNS response packet?
UxVJX2eCDoE-00472-00130068-00130284 The answer is yes and we used
UxVJX2eCDoE-00473-00130284-00130658 the DNS compression feature to achieve this.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00474-00130658-00131008 The idea was to nest compression pointers within themselves.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00475-00131008-00131197 So record that explain level length
UxVJX2eCDoE-00476-00131197-00131599 does not validate the bytes of the domain name itself,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00477-00131599-00131877 this means we can embed any bytes we want,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00478-00131877-00132189 as in this case we chose to embed compression pointers.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00479-00132189-00132386 You see in the example shortly.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00480-00132386-00132553 Keep in mind during the examples
UxVJX2eCDoE-00481-00132553-00132823 that we have two challenges to overcome,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00482-00132823-00133160 first there is a limitation on the DNS response packet size,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00483-00133160-00133426 the maximum size allowed over UDP
UxVJX2eCDoE-00484-00133426-00133926 by the network stack is 1460 bytes.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00485-00133944-00134200 And keep in mind that we can only jump backwards
UxVJX2eCDoE-00486-00134200-00134376 from our current level pointer,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00487-00134376-00134723 so we need to overcome this challenge also.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00488-00134723-00135017 So here we can see on a slide
UxVJX2eCDoE-00489-00135017-00135180 the basic construction we used.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00490-00135180-00135426 This is the name arranging the matrix-like form,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00491-00135426-00135818 each row in this matrix has length 16.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00492-00135818-00136225 The blue squares represent compression pointers,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00493-00136225-00136474 and the pink squares represent potential bytes.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00494-00136474-00136752 We talk about those shortly.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00495-00136752-00136921 So let's assume we're starting
UxVJX2eCDoE-00496-00136921-00137160 expanding the name from this offset,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00497-00137160-00137446 offset hex F in the first row.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00498-00137446-00137615 We can actually achieve this
UxVJX2eCDoE-00499-00137615-00137808 in practice by using another compression pointers
UxVJX2eCDoE-00500-00137808-00138090 that will land us exactly on that spot,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00501-00138090-00138322 but for now take this as a given.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00502-00138322-00138587 So if we start expanding from this offset,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00503-00138587-00138822 this byte is interpreted as a length byte.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00504-00138822-00139029 In this case there is no compression,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00505-00139029-00139410 so the function skips 0F plus one byte
UxVJX2eCDoE-00506-00139410-00139695 and moves to the next row.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00507-00139695-00140195 And as well as it adding 16 to the total length variable,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00508-00140227-00140382 the process continues.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00509-00140382-00140858 Notice that we stay in the same column because of the
UxVJX2eCDoE-00510-00141051-00141205 special matrix shape,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00511-00141205-00141451 until we reach a branch byte.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00512-00141451-00141672 And the purpose of the branch byte
UxVJX2eCDoE-00513-00141672-00141931 simply to lead us to the next compression pointer,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00514-00141931-00142206 in this case the branch is 0e,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00515-00142206-00142429 so we land in this compression pointer.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00516-00142429-00142719 We know that this is a compression pointer
UxVJX2eCDoE-00517-00142719-00142910 because high label is C.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00518-00142910-00143383 So what the function does is read the compression offset,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00519-00143383-00143730 the compression offset in this case is 0e,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00520-00143730-00143892 it then checks to see that way
UxVJX2eCDoE-00521-00143892-00144106 point backward from our initial position,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00522-00144106-00144358 so our initial position was hex F,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00523-00144358-00144604 so hex E is less than hex F,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00524-00144604-00144854 so continue expanding the name from here.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00525-00144854-00145182 And the process continues with each branch byte,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00526-00145182-00145373 we reach another compression pointer
UxVJX2eCDoE-00527-00145373-00145779 and you can see with this compression trick
UxVJX2eCDoE-00528-00145779-00146100 the total length variable nearly doubled itself.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00529-00146100-00146382 So if we continue until we reach a null byte,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00530-00146382-00146588 in this third example we'll reach
UxVJX2eCDoE-00531-00146588-00146961 a total length value a 1500 bytes.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00532-00146961-00147226 Which is pretty neat if you consider that the name itself
UxVJX2eCDoE-00533-00147226-00147620 only occupies 128 bytes.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00534-00147620-00148012 So of course this doesn't overflow
UxVJX2eCDoE-00535-00148012-00148292 the total length variable yet,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00536-00148292-00148498 but in order to overflow it we use
UxVJX2eCDoE-00537-00148498-00148770 the maximum level length allowed, 63.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00538-00148770-00149186 x3f, instead of xf as shown in the example.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00539-00149186-00149322 So using exactly this construction,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00540-00149322-00149791 we reach and name of length 64K.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00541-00149791-00150037 Greater than 64K that's overflowing
UxVJX2eCDoE-00542-00150037-00150255 the total length variable itself.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00543-00150255-00150448 And remember that if expand label length,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00544-00150448-00150694 returned a value which is too small,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00545-00150694-00150871 we have a heap-based buffer overflow,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00546-00150871-00151098 which is a good RCE candidate.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00547-00151296-00151552 Also note that this vulnerability can be triggered
UxVJX2eCDoE-00548-00151552-00151707 in response to every query type
UxVJX2eCDoE-00549-00151707-00151882 supported by the network stack.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00550-00151882-00152125 By using CNAME resource records,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00551-00152125-00152625 which must be parsed regardless of the original query type.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00552-00152666-00152785 So this vulnerability affects
UxVJX2eCDoE-00553-00152785-00153065 the latest Treck version at the time of disclosure.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00554-00153065-00153504 And thus are considered dangerous from our point of view.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00555-00153504-00153836 So at this point we decided to purchase
UxVJX2eCDoE-00556-00153836-00154115 another device that runs Treck.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00557-00154115-00154320 In this case another UPS device,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00558-00154320-00154526 and we want to know
UxVJX2eCDoE-00559-00154526-00154756 if the vulnerability affects them or not.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00560-00154756-00154951 And what we found is that Treck fixes
UxVJX2eCDoE-00561-00154951-00155092 the read out of bound vulnerability,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00562-00155092-00155271 but they fix it badly.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00563-00155271-00155621 So you can see that the RDLENGTH variable
UxVJX2eCDoE-00564-00155621-00155771 from the resource record itself checks
UxVJX2eCDoE-00565-00155771-00156052 against the remaining size of the packet,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00566-00156052-00156401 and now after the fix expandable length accepts
UxVJX2eCDoE-00567-00156401-00156700 a third argument, level end pointer,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00568-00156700-00157124 which is computed based on the RDLENGTH value.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00569-00157124-00157313 And what explain level length does
UxVJX2eCDoE-00570-00157313-00157545 when it reaches this end pointer,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00571-00157545-00157787 it simply stops processing without any error
UxVJX2eCDoE-00572-00157787-00158033 and returns the current total length.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00573-00158033-00158366 So this is perfect from an attackers standpoint,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00574-00158366-00158656 because RDLENGTH is attacker-controlled.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00575-00158656-00158917 So if for example we specify an RDLENGTH value
UxVJX2eCDoE-00576-00158917-00159234 which is too small than the actual value,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00577-00159234-00159509 we'll enable this buffer overflow.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00578-00159509-00159753 So here you can see a resource record,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00579-00159753-00159991 and instead of specifying RDLENGTH value of 20,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00580-00159991-00160238 we would specify seven.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00581-00160238-00160519 So the label end pointer would point here,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00582-00160519-00160801 expandable length returns five in this case,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00583-00160801-00161223 but TfDnsLabelToAscii will copy the entire MX hostname,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00584-00161223-00161409 that's overflowing our buffer.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00585-00161544-00161728 So this is the second heap-based
UxVJX2eCDoE-00586-00161728-00162039 buffer overflow vulnerability we found.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00587-00162039-00162492 And we also found during the MX parsing logic a memory leak,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00588-00162492-00162714 we found that we can leak another infrastructure.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00589-00162714-00163098 So you can see another infrastructure is allocated,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00590-00163098-00163598 and in these two overflows the other info is not freed.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00591-00163602-00163901 So this means we can link another infrastructure
UxVJX2eCDoE-00592-00163901-00164067 by specifying an RDLENGTH value
UxVJX2eCDoE-00593-00164067-00164331 which is strictly less than two, like one.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00594-00164331-00164822 Or by causing expandable length to return a zero length.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00595-00164822-00165135 For example by using a bad compression pointer.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00596-00165135-00165434 So the size of the leak is hex 3c.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00597-00165434-00165780 And this artifacts come in handy
UxVJX2eCDoE-00598-00165780-00166001 when exporting any vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00599-00166001-00166280 and in fact we used the exact same memory leak
UxVJX2eCDoE-00600-00166280-00166571 in our exploit, as you will see later.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00601-00166571-00166922 So to summarize we saw three vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00602-00166922-00167318 that comprise CVE-2020-11901.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00603-00167318-00167556 And an artifact.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00604-00167556-00167639 So the first vulnerability,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00605-00167639-00167872 the read out of bounds affects other versions
UxVJX2eCDoE-00606-00167872-00168261 of the network stack and was fixed in later versions.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00607-00168261-00168477 The integer overflow vulnerabilities as far
UxVJX2eCDoE-00608-00168477-00168716 as we have seen affects both old
UxVJX2eCDoE-00609-00168814-00169036 and versions of the TCP/IP stack.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00610-00169036-00169228 And the bad RDLENGTH vulnerability
UxVJX2eCDoE-00611-00169228-00169427 as a result of a bad fix
UxVJX2eCDoE-00612-00169427-00169616 further read out of bounds vulnerability,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00613-00169616-00169898 and thus affects only newer versions of the stack.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00614-00169898-00170120 The artifact is present in both old
UxVJX2eCDoE-00615-00170120-00170407 and newer versions of the stack.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00616-00170407-00170545 And the main takeaway from this part
UxVJX2eCDoE-00617-00170545-00170732 is that the device can be affected
UxVJX2eCDoE-00618-00170732-00170928 by one or more vulnerabilities
UxVJX2eCDoE-00619-00170928-00171312 depending on the exact version of Treck they are using.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00620-00171312-00171519 And this fragmentation makes the life
UxVJX2eCDoE-00621-00171519-00171833 of the IT security personnel more challenging
UxVJX2eCDoE-00622-00171833-00172083 to know whether their devices are affected or not.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00623-00172254-00172461 So now I'll hand over the mark to Ariel Schon,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00624-00172461-00172689 and he will talk about exploitation.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00625-00172840-00172936 - Thanks, Moshe.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00626-00172936-00173021 Hi, I'm Ariel,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00627-00173021-00173178 I'm also a security researcher at JSOF,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00628-00173178-00173346 and today I'm going to talk
UxVJX2eCDoE-00629-00173346-00173634 about exploiting the vulnerabilities,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00630-00173634-00173978 the CVE on a Schneider Electric UPS device.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00631-00174219-00174719 So a UPS device is basically a big battery,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00632-00174757-00174985 UPS stands for uninterruptible power supply.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00633-00174985-00175349 And you connect devices to it instead
UxVJX2eCDoE-00634-00175349-00175616 of directly to the wall or to the outlet
UxVJX2eCDoE-00635-00175616-00175847 to protect them from power outages
UxVJX2eCDoE-00636-00175847-00176094 or power fluctuations of any sort.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00637-00176264-00176466 So exploits on UPS made
UxVJX2eCDoE-00638-00176466-00176791 by Schneider Electric specifically on the network card.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00639-00176791-00177223 This network card houses at Turbo 186 processor,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00640-00177223-00177400 it's an x86 based processor,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00641-00177400-00177710 all code runs in 16 bit real mode.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00642-00177710-00178046 And meaning also there is no modern mitigation at all,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00643-00178046-00178199 so no DEP, no ASLR.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00644-00178290-00178486 This processor is x86 based,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00645-00178486-00178830 it's not strictly x86 as seen
UxVJX2eCDoE-00646-00178830-00179159 in this processor is a weird segmentation scheme,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00647-00179159-00179469 instead of shifting the segment register by four bits,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00648-00179469-00179750 like on an x86, it does it by eight bits,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00649-00179750-00180013 and we'll see this feature come into play later.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00650-00180203-00180435 During this research we had essentially
UxVJX2eCDoE-00651-00180435-00180587 no debugging capabilities.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00652-00180587-00181072 So no JTAG, no GDPE, nothing of the sort,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00653-00181072-00181207 so we relied mainly
UxVJX2eCDoE-00654-00181207-00181439 on static analysis and reverse engineering,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00655-00181439-00181889 using only limited crash dumps as assistants,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00656-00181889-00182197 these crash dumps as a visible feature,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00657-00182197-00182594 a basic stack trace and some registers, but nothing much.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00658-00182594-00182902 So just to recap the vulnerability,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00659-00182902-00183056 Our primitive is a heap overflow
UxVJX2eCDoE-00660-00183056-00183209 through DNS response parsing
UxVJX2eCDoE-00661-00183209-00183584 and this is a rather new trick implementation,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00662-00183584-00183793 so we can only overflown
UxVJX2eCDoE-00663-00183793-00184218 with alphanumeric characters and hyphens and periods,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00664-00184218-00184694 and we're going to use the bad RDLENGTH vulnerability
UxVJX2eCDoE-00665-00184789-00185005 variant that Moshe talked about earlier,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00666-00185126-00185383 so when exploding heap overflows,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00667-00185383-00185530 generally there are two methods,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00668-00185530-00185778 either through metadata corruption,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00669-00185778-00186139 so overflowing free list pointers, block sizes,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00670-00186139-00186384 stuff of this sort.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00671-00186384-00186559 Or by overflowing application
UxVJX2eCDoE-00672-00186559-00186921 specific data structures allocated on the heap.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00673-00186921-00187069 Generally metadata is considered
UxVJX2eCDoE-00674-00187069-00187330 a more generic exploitation method
UxVJX2eCDoE-00675-00187330-00187569 as it doesn't rely on extensive shaping,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00676-00187569-00187811 and this is the exploitation method we used
UxVJX2eCDoE-00677-00187811-00188264 in the earlier CVE on the DG Connect device
UxVJX2eCDoE-00678-00188264-00188637 that we have a white paper about this,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00679-00188637-00188852 and you can find that on our website.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00680-00188852-00189026 And we wondered if we could use
UxVJX2eCDoE-00681-00189026-00189309 the same technique on this device as well.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00682-00189446-00189583 So the Treck heap as implemented
UxVJX2eCDoE-00683-00189583-00189960 on the Schneider Electric UPS is slightly different,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00684-00189960-00190219 we have a free list that looks like this,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00685-00190219-00190472 it has a size field, a next pointer
UxVJX2eCDoE-00686-00190472-00190646 to the next free list block,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00687-00190646-00190945 some free data, usually containing garbage
UxVJX2eCDoE-00688-00190945-00191116 if it's a free block,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00689-00191116-00191296 and another post size field.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00690-00191431-00191679 So this heap features a tight fit preference
UxVJX2eCDoE-00691-00191679-00191970 it will always allocate the smallest free block available
UxVJX2eCDoE-00692-00191970-00192156 for the allocation size requested.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00693-00192156-00192352 It also features free block coalescing,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00694-00192352-00192654 so there are never two adjacent free list blocks.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00695-00192654-00193137 It has all sorts of verifications and asserts
UxVJX2eCDoE-00696-00193137-00193373 that we didn't have in the previous implementation
UxVJX2eCDoE-00697-00193373-00193749 on the DG device so for example on every heap operation,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00698-00193749-00193931 the entire field list is checked,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00699-00193931-00194199 one of the checks is that the first
UxVJX2eCDoE-00700-00194199-00194634 size field and the last size field really do match.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00701-00194772-00195053 Allocated blocks however are only checked when free,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00702-00195053-00195197 so this is a bit easier.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00703-00195310-00195672 Corrupting the heap in a way that will not cause
UxVJX2eCDoE-00704-00195672-00196026 a premature crash due to these checks on heap operations.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00705-00196026-00196326 Using only alphanumeric characters is rather hard,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00706-00196326-00196509 so we chose to go in a different way
UxVJX2eCDoE-00707-00196509-00196798 by overflowing data structures this time.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00708-00197136-00197476 So we know we can overflow through all DNS response types,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00709-00197476-00197651 however we chose to overflow
UxVJX2eCDoE-00710-00197651-00197869 through MX requests specifically.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00711-00197869-00198116 Because when the device boots up it will
UxVJX2eCDoE-00712-00198116-00198379 send out three MX requests,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00713-00198379-00198811 so that was a good exploitation benefit.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00714-00198976-00199222 Also three requests is very good
UxVJX2eCDoE-00715-00199222-00199460 for us for the heap exploits,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00716-00199460-00199710 since interactivity is always advantageous,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00717-00199710-00199920 it allows us a bit more flexibility
UxVJX2eCDoE-00718-00199920-00200212 in shaping our heap exactly the way we want.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00719-00200212-00200460 And we don't really mind
UxVJX2eCDoE-00720-00200460-00200630 that this happens only on device boot
UxVJX2eCDoE-00721-00200630-00200992 as we would probably have to crash the device anyway.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00722-00200992-00201230 As said, we added limited debugging
UxVJX2eCDoE-00723-00201230-00201419 capabilities during this research,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00724-00201419-00201746 so not much insight into the heap and how it is shaped.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00725-00201746-00201852 So we would like to get the heap
UxVJX2eCDoE-00726-00201852-00202271 into a state that is as deterministic as possible.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00727-00202387-00202588 So crashing is good in this manner.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00728-00202737-00202911 And then crashing the UPS network card
UxVJX2eCDoE-00729-00202911-00203161 has a very low penalty,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00730-00203161-00203462 as it doesn't affect the actual UPS operation in any way,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00731-00203462-00203783 it doesn't affect the power supply,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00732-00203783-00203944 and the network card will automatically
UxVJX2eCDoE-00733-00203944-00204179 boot right up after a few seconds,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00734-00204179-00204386 so the penalty is very low.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00735-00204558-00204792 So overflowing data structures,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00736-00204792-00205071 we chose to overflow a structure called tsDnsCacheEntry,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00737-00205163-00205332 this structure holds information
UxVJX2eCDoE-00738-00205332-00205631 about the DNS request response pair,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00739-00205631-00205971 it has all sorts of interesting fields.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00740-00205971-00206280 For example the DNSC other info PTR field
UxVJX2eCDoE-00741-00206280-00206542 that holds a list of other info instructs.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00742-00206542-00206942 These structs hold information about a certain DNS response.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00743-00206942-00207159 So for example if you resolve the name
UxVJX2eCDoE-00744-00207159-00207282 the structure has a field that
UxVJX2eCDoE-00745-00207282-00207637 will hold a pointer to the name that was resolved.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00746-00207637-00207841 Other than that it has
UxVJX2eCDoE-00747-00207841-00208080 other pointers and interesting fields,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00748-00208080-00208394 such as it's a doubly linked list as you can see,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00749-00208394-00208601 so it has a next and previous entry pointers,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00750-00208601-00208735 and these are always interesting
UxVJX2eCDoE-00751-00208735-00208894 from an exploiter point of view.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00752-00209000-00209119 And this structure is referenced
UxVJX2eCDoE-00753-00209119-00209314 often in DNS response parsing,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00754-00209314-00209502 which is a logic we can easily trigger,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00755-00209502-00209773 so this was a natural candidate for us.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00756-00209773-00209959 So assuming we can overflow the structure
UxVJX2eCDoE-00757-00209959-00210184 what can we do with it?
UxVJX2eCDoE-00758-00210184-00210684 This is a pseudo code snippet from the parsing logic.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00759-00210748-00211181 It specifically shows how CNAME records are parsed.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00760-00211181-00211454 So we can see that the first thing a pointer
UxVJX2eCDoE-00761-00211454-00211944 is taken from the DNS cache entry into a stack variable,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00762-00211944-00212219 then the CNAME is allocated on the heap,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00763-00212219-00212357 and the data is copied,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00764-00212357-00212515 this is of course the data we control
UxVJX2eCDoE-00765-00212515-00212742 as we provide the DNS response.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00766-00212742-00213073 And subsequently the pointer to the new CNAME
UxVJX2eCDoE-00767-00213073-00213308 allocated on the heap is placed into
UxVJX2eCDoE-00768-00213308-00213763 what the stack variable points to.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00769-00213763-00214246 Again, this pointer was taken from the DNSC cache entry,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00770-00214246-00214442 so if we overflowed the cache entry
UxVJX2eCDoE-00771-00214442-00214657 we can control to where this heap pointer
UxVJX2eCDoE-00772-00214657-00214945 to where our CNAME was written to memory.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00773-00214945-00215133 This is a controlled pointer,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00774-00215133-00215364 essentially we can write a four byte pointer
UxVJX2eCDoE-00775-00215364-00215641 to data we control on the heap and x86,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00776-00215641-00215935 this is to bytes of set in two bytes segment.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00777-00215935-00216189 We can write this to any alphanumeric address,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00778-00216189-00216402 as our overflow is alphanumeric.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00779-00216402-00216603 This is a relatively strong exploitation
UxVJX2eCDoE-00780-00216603-00216881 primitive writing data into places you're not supposed
UxVJX2eCDoE-00781-00216881-00217219 to write to is always good when you're trying to exploit.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00782-00217219-00217532 So this is the primitive we chose to continue with.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00783-00217712-00217964 Our overflow is a simple heap overflow,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00784-00217964-00218353 meaning it is from the end of our buffer with no offset
UxVJX2eCDoE-00785-00218353-00218853 into the next what lies in the heap next.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00786-00218867-00219211 So we would like naturally the cache entry
UxVJX2eCDoE-00787-00219211-00219435 to be placed after the MX name buffer.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00788-00219435-00219662 Because of the heap structure
UxVJX2eCDoE-00789-00219662-00219966 in this specific Treck implementation
UxVJX2eCDoE-00790-00219966-00220112 we have all sorts of limitations.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00791-00220112-00220344 For example, the cache entry
UxVJX2eCDoE-00792-00220344-00220648 is allocated on request of creation,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00793-00220648-00220763 however the MX name buffer
UxVJX2eCDoE-00794-00220763-00221002 is allocated on DNS response parsing,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00795-00221002-00221171 so chronologically it is allocated later
UxVJX2eCDoE-00796-00221171-00221407 when we want it on the heap to be allocated before
UxVJX2eCDoE-00797-00221407-00221704 so we can overflow into the cache entry.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00798-00221704-00222056 Also, because free blocks are checked very often
UxVJX2eCDoE-00799-00222056-00222250 in this heap implementation for corruption,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00800-00222250-00222591 we cannot write free data,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00801-00222591-00222770 we must overwrite only allocated data,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00802-00222770-00223014 it will be best if we can overflow directly
UxVJX2eCDoE-00803-00223014-00223213 into the structure without corrupting
UxVJX2eCDoE-00804-00223213-00223342 any heap data in the way.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00805-00223484-00223673 So we need to shape the heap in some way
UxVJX2eCDoE-00806-00223673-00223813 to get this to happen.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00807-00223961-00224304 A specific hole pattern is preferable
UxVJX2eCDoE-00808-00224304-00224667 as we would like to overcome the chronological problem,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00809-00224667-00224878 and we can do this because of tight fit preference.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00810-00224878-00225183 So if we create for example hole two
UxVJX2eCDoE-00811-00225183-00225348 as seen in this diagram,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00812-00225348-00225703 this is the size of the DNS cache entry structure,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00813-00225703-00225971 and before it we have another hole
UxVJX2eCDoE-00814-00225971-00226219 the size of the MX name buffer we're going to allocate,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00815-00226219-00226444 we can overflow from the MX name buffer
UxVJX2eCDoE-00816-00226444-00226599 into the cache entry.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00817-00226599-00226898 We do need to separate them with some allocated separator
UxVJX2eCDoE-00818-00226898-00227181 to prevent the two free blocks
UxVJX2eCDoE-00819-00227181-00227443 from being coalesced together and ruining our shape.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00820-00227443-00227802 So we need some allocation primitives to create this.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00821-00227802-00227994 We need an allocation to create holes,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00822-00227994-00228204 and an allocation to create the separators.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00823-00228204-00228396 So to create the holes
UxVJX2eCDoE-00824-00228396-00228671 we can use a temporary allocation primitive.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00825-00228671-00228980 And this is relatively easy to achieve
UxVJX2eCDoE-00826-00228980-00229442 as every DNS answer has all sorts of names in it,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00827-00229442-00229616 or we can cause it to have names in it.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00828-00229616-00229831 So either MX PTR or CNAME,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00829-00229831-00229948 they all have name fields,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00830-00229948-00230171 and these names cause allocation of the heap.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00831-00230171-00230459 So the allocation is the size of the name we provide,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00832-00230459-00230753 and its data is of course of alphanumerical and controlled.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00833-00230753-00230981 This allocation will also cause
UxVJX2eCDoE-00834-00230981-00231306 a small other infrastructure to be allocated as well,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00835-00231306-00231616 and we need to take this into account when shaping.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00836-00231616-00231944 This allocation is freed when DNS parsing fails,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00837-00231944-00232206 or when the record TTL expires.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00838-00232206-00232662 So this allocation is perfect for creating free regions
UxVJX2eCDoE-00839-00232662-00232921 of arbitrary size, which is what we need.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00840-00232921-00233164 However, we need to separate our free regions,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00841-00233164-00233553 and we can do this using other info memory leak,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00842-00233553-00233846 that memory leak artifact Moshe talked about earlier.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00843-00233846-00234058 And just to recap shortly,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00844-00234058-00234414 we can see that another infrastructure is allocated,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00845-00234414-00234778 and only then the record validity is checked,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00846-00234778-00235167 and if it's not valid we will exit through an error flow.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00847-00235167-00235348 That will not free the allocation
UxVJX2eCDoE-00848-00235348-00235675 so we basically have a memory leak of a known size,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00849-00235675-00235834 and we can use this as a separator
UxVJX2eCDoE-00850-00235834-00236060 between our two free buffers.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00851-00236217-00236359 So we managed to shape the heap
UxVJX2eCDoE-00852-00236359-00236563 into the specific shape we want,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00853-00236563-00236782 and this allows us to reliably overflow
UxVJX2eCDoE-00854-00236782-00237130 the DNS cache entry every time.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00855-00237130-00237573 So assuming we can do this and we just showed that we can,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00856-00237573-00238063 what can we do with a CNAME pointer override primitive?
UxVJX2eCDoE-00857-00238063-00238173 What can we overwrite?
UxVJX2eCDoE-00858-00238262-00238532 So this pointer right has all sorts of limitations,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00859-00238532-00238964 it's written to an address we overflow into the cache entry,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00860-00238964-00239222 so naturally only alphanumeric addresses are allowed.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00861-00239222-00239604 However this is a string overflow vulnerability after all,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00862-00239604-00239742 we are overflowing with name,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00863-00239742-00239879 so we do have a trailing null byte.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00864-00239879-00240244 In x86 a little NDN architecture,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00865-00240244-00240416 this trailing null byte can be
UxVJX2eCDoE-00866-00240416-00240642 the most significant byte of the segment
UxVJX2eCDoE-00867-00240642-00240766 allowing us a bit more flexibility
UxVJX2eCDoE-00868-00240766-00241043 in the addresses we can reach.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00869-00241043-00241489 However, nothing in this specific firmware
UxVJX2eCDoE-00870-00241489-00241813 is placed in strictly alphanumeric memory address,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00871-00241813-00242169 so no code, no heap, no stack, no globals.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00872-00242169-00242355 Nothing interesting we can overwrite.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00873-00242456-00242698 Luckily, due to the weird segmentation
UxVJX2eCDoE-00874-00242698-00243017 of this Turbo 186 processor
UxVJX2eCDoE-00875-00243017-00243176 we can use a little trick
UxVJX2eCDoE-00876-00243176-00243461 and easily combine two alphanumeric bytes
UxVJX2eCDoE-00877-00243461-00243759 to reach a non-alphanumeric byte,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00878-00243759-00243871 or a non-alphanumeric segment.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00879-00243871-00244038 And this will look something like this,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00880-00244038-00244298 for example we choose a segment to be null byte 4b,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00881-00244298-00244610 which is allowed, it will then be shifted by eight bytes
UxVJX2eCDoE-00882-00244610-00244935 and an alphanumeric offset will be added to it,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00883-00244935-00245260 resulting in linear address containing
UxVJX2eCDoE-00884-00245260-00245437 a non-alphanumeric byte,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00885-00245437-00245787 which corresponds directly to a non-alphanumeric segment.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00886-00245787-00245979 So using this technique due
UxVJX2eCDoE-00887-00245979-00246172 to the weird segmentation feature
UxVJX2eCDoE-00888-00246172-00246553 we can reach the heap utility code section
UxVJX2eCDoE-00889-00246553-00246896 which has all sorts of functions such as free,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00890-00246896-00247102 which we can overflow.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00891-00247102-00247331 Again, this is a 16-bit real mode,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00892-00247331-00247534 so we don't have DEP or ASLR
UxVJX2eCDoE-00893-00247534-00247796 allowing us to overwrite code with our primitive.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00894-00247921-00248324 So when overwriting code in x86
UxVJX2eCDoE-00895-00248324-00248488 one of the interesting destinations
UxVJX2eCDoE-00896-00248488-00248744 to overwrite was a pointer is a far call opcode,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00897-00248744-00249062 a far call has an absolute address encoded directly in it,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00898-00249062-00249302 so if we could overwrite
UxVJX2eCDoE-00899-00249302-00249460 this destination address with our pointer
UxVJX2eCDoE-00900-00249460-00249864 we can cause the execution flow
UxVJX2eCDoE-00901-00249864-00250077 to move into our ceiling buffer.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00902-00250077-00250330 So we can patch the far call using
UxVJX2eCDoE-00903-00250330-00250700 our primitive and execute our controlled payload.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00904-00250700-00250899 So we do this exactly,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00905-00250899-00251155 we patch far call in the free error flow,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00906-00251155-00251487 which is called when metadata corruption is detected.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00907-00251487-00251740 Naturally we do corrupt the heap when overflow,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00908-00251740-00251905 so this error flow will take place
UxVJX2eCDoE-00909-00251905-00252173 when our allocated blocks are freed.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00910-00252173-00252608 So let's shortly recap what we did here.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00911-00252608-00252890 First we shipped the heap in order to get the MX name buffer
UxVJX2eCDoE-00912-00252890-00253158 to be directly for the DNS cache entry
UxVJX2eCDoE-00913-00253158-00253407 with a separator in between that's not shown here.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00914-00253407-00253737 We then overflow to write the dnscAddrInfoPtr
UxVJX2eCDoE-00915-00253737-00254128 to point into a far call in the free function.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00916-00254128-00254628 We then parse and process a CNAME record
UxVJX2eCDoE-00917-00254715-00255123 containing some evil alphanumeric payload,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00918-00255123-00255324 which will be allocated on the heap
UxVJX2eCDoE-00919-00255324-00255550 and the pointer to this payload
UxVJX2eCDoE-00920-00255550-00255744 will be placed into the address
UxVJX2eCDoE-00921-00255744-00256044 we put in the dnscAddrInfoPtr,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00922-00256044-00256169 overwriting the far call destination
UxVJX2eCDoE-00923-00256169-00256421 directing it to our evil payload,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00924-00256421-00256810 which can be for example some alphanumeric shell code.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00925-00256810-00257184 Triggering this payload is rather easy,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00926-00257184-00257316 the free error flow will be triggered
UxVJX2eCDoE-00927-00257316-00257787 when the MX name record we overflowed from is free.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00928-00257876-00258141 And the CNAME buffer specifically
UxVJX2eCDoE-00929-00258141-00258263 what we overflowed with
UxVJX2eCDoE-00930-00258263-00258514 contains two stage alphanumeric shell code
UxVJX2eCDoE-00931-00258514-00258696 which will decode itself
UxVJX2eCDoE-00932-00258696-00259133 and allow us to run essentially arbitrary payloads,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00933-00259133-00259428 achieving arbitrary payload execution,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00934-00259428-00259637 specifically our payload
UxVJX2eCDoE-00935-00259637-00259902 just turns off power to all UPS outlets,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00936-00259902-00260108 turning off any critical device
UxVJX2eCDoE-00937-00260108-00260242 that was supposed to stay on,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00938-00260242-00260667 and we will now see a short demo of this payload execution.
UxVJX2eCDoE-00939-00264316-00264536 Thanks for listening and tuning into our presentation,
UxVJX2eCDoE-00940-00264536-00264766 We'll be glad if you would join us in the Q&A.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00000-00000039-00000969 So there's that initial blast of the new year when everything is fresh, January 1st, new
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00001-00000969-00001989 year, blank page, anything can happen, and there's that rush that comes from moving into
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00002-00001989-00002213 the new year.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00003-00002213-00003084 And then, fairly soon after that, it fades into the January feeling.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00004-00003084-00003829 So here it is, that change from December to January.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00005-00003829-00004515 Aside from that exciting time right around the 31st to the 1st, the new year change,
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00006-00004515-00005008 otherwise, it can be a difficult change.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00007-00005008-00006755 During the holidays, there's a pattern of events, seeing family and doing holiday activities,
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00008-00006755-00008089 and everything is nicely laid out, celebrating with the family and then recovering in between.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00009-00008089-00008672 There's a lot of eating and drinking.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00010-00008672-00009435 I think I've possibly gained a pound of shortbread.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00011-00009435-00009914 And things get kind of easy.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00012-00009914-00010372 I mean, moving up to the holidays, it's like, well, I want to finish everything so it gets
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00013-00010372-00011085 done in time for the holidays, and then it's all this family time, and it's almost like
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00014-00011085-00012114 the job of that holiday time around Christmas is to have these family events and celebrations.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00015-00012114-00012582 That becomes the main work.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00016-00012582-00013011 It's like eating becomes the occupation.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00017-00013011-00013916 And then, after Christmas, there's this kind of magical time - I like to call it the magic
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00018-00013916-00014451 week - between Christmas and New Year's, where it does feel kind of otherworldly, a week
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00019-00014451-00015337 that's outside the normal pattern of the year, a week where I can just work on putting everything
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00020-00015337-00015979 in order in a very relaxed manner, and it's great, and then there's New Year's.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00021-00015979-00017013 And then, it comes to January, and suddenly there's the wide open year ahead of me.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00022-00017013-00017645 There's unscheduled, open, nothing to do but work now.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00023-00017645-00017852 The holiday season officially ends.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00024-00017852-00018768 It has a bit of that feeling of the awakening with a hangover, and just feeling a little
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00025-00018768-00019776 bit sluggish and slow from all the festivities and the easy living during the last couple
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00026-00019776-00020029 weeks.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00027-00020029-00020952 And suddenly, it's this new year where it's time to get back to business, time to get
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00028-00020952-00021263 into the work of the new year.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00029-00021263-00021829 And that, of course, can be a difficult transition to make.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00030-00021829-00022684 It's a lot easier to go from the working state of mind to the celebration state of mind then
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00031-00022684-00022999 they come out of that, from celebration back into working.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00032-00022999-00024032 Well, I'm still working on doing this in a graceful way, because it does sometimes feel
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00033-00024032-00024968 like lumbering along, you know, sort of hobbling my way, crawling before I can walk, as I start
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00034-00024968-00025137 to get into the rhythm of work.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00035-00025137-00025739 I mean, before the holidays, December, I was in full work rhythm, and then it goes into
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00036-00025739-00026203 this holiday time, and that's all part of the rhythm of the year.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00037-00026203-00027007 But this is a tricky part of the year, because of that difficulty of getting things moving
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00038-00027007-00027713 again when we've been training ourselves with ease.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00039-00027713-00028806 So I think an important thing to do at this time is to have a big goal, big project, big
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00040-00028806-00030202 idea in mind that can really be the centre of focus, and really start to load that up
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00041-00030202-00030970 into my mind, load up this idea of working towards this goal.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00042-00030970-00031291 Because the holidays were like their goal, the end of the year: that was all this goal.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00043-00031291-00031803 Everything was leading up to the end of the year, holidays, new year.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00044-00031803-00032328 Everything building up to that, and then poof, here we are in the new year.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00045-00032328-00032771 And there is nothing ahead clearly on the horizon.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00046-00032771-00033480 It's up to us to set what we want to do.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00047-00033480-00034199 So this is maybe part of the whole idea of having a blank page.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00048-00034199-00034850 It's a very powerful thing to be able to have this blank page, this fresh start.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00049-00034850-00035547 But with power comes responsibility, that it's up to us to decide what we want to do
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00050-00035547-00035756 with this time ahead.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00051-00035756-00036844 Now is the time to get all the work organized again, to get ready to go on a new push into
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00052-00036844-00037571 new territory, and it takes some time to get things warmed up.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00053-00037571-00038221 Start to figure out what where do I really want to go this year?
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00054-00038221-00038656 And how do I get this started?
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00055-00038656-00039565 So that by the end of this month, by the end of January, that is the time to already be
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00056-00039565-00039830 well underway.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00057-00039830-00040501 But the choices we make now in this beginning of January can really set the course for the
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00058-00040501-00040684 whole year.
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00059-00040684-00040990 So what do you think about this time of year?
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00060-00040990-00041221 And what are you doing with it?
Uy1sySoUEVQ-00061-00041221-00041303 I'd like to hear.
UzLoBheyYkg-00000-00000016-00000272 three ways to get your emotions under control
UzLoBheyYkg-00001-00000376-00001120 do you rule your emotions or do your emotions rule you many of us feel instinctively that our
UzLoBheyYkg-00002-00001120-00001752 emotions come from the way we feel you've had a hard day and so now you are thinking bad thoughts
UzLoBheyYkg-00003-00001823-00002304 those bad thoughts are then making you feel unhappy but have you ever thought
UzLoBheyYkg-00004-00002304-00002896 that the opposite might be true that you might be having bad thoughts because you are in a bad mood
UzLoBheyYkg-00005-00002968-00003647 that maybe this is what made your day bad either way being able to control your emotions is crucial
UzLoBheyYkg-00006-00003647-00004152 if you want to be as effective as you can be maintain the respect of others and generally
UzLoBheyYkg-00007-00004152-00004776 perform your very best in this presentation we'll look at three ways you can get your emotions
UzLoBheyYkg-00008-00004776-00005600 under your control one consider your physiology many of us think that emotions come from our
UzLoBheyYkg-00009-00005600-00006232 psychology very often though they can also come from our physiology that is to say that our
UzLoBheyYkg-00010-00006232-00006895 emotions are dictated by the things that are going on in our bodies for instance if you are in a bad
UzLoBheyYkg-00011-00006895-00007584 mood then it could be because you're low on blood sugar our bodies use high blood sugar as a signal
UzLoBheyYkg-00012-00007584-00008368 to create feel-good hormones when it drops we produce cortisol which makes us anxious and angry
UzLoBheyYkg-00013-00008368-00008792 you might be tired too or perhaps your emotions could be getting in the way
UzLoBheyYkg-00014-00008872-00009600 either way you need to consider the role of your physiology as well as the role of your mind two
UzLoBheyYkg-00015-00009664-00010432 control your thoughts that said controlling your thoughts is also important techniques used in cbt
UzLoBheyYkg-00016-00010432-00011072 cognitive behavioral therapy teach us to challenge negative thoughts and to even test our unhelpful
UzLoBheyYkg-00017-00011072-00011736 beliefs this means first identifying the things we think and the things that are causing our bad
UzLoBheyYkg-00018-00011736-00012464 state of mind and then asking whether those thoughts are true or useful three meditate
UzLoBheyYkg-00019-00012552-00013000 there are countless good reasons to meditate one of the most important though
UzLoBheyYkg-00020-00013000-00013696 is that meditation can improve your emotional control your focus and your discipline this is
UzLoBheyYkg-00021-00013696-00014247 literally a process that involves focusing your mind and avoiding distracting thoughts
UzLoBheyYkg-00022-00014247-00014663 and if you can do that then you can avoid distracting emotions as well
UzLoBheyYkg-00023-00014760-00015272 in the short term a bout of meditation is a great way to calm your racing mind
UzLoBheyYkg-00024-00015336-00015888 in the long term it is a powerful tool for enhancing your emotional stability
UB5FaMo673Q-00000-00000010-00000063 WITH DANGEROUS WEAPON AND LAWFUL
UB5FaMo673Q-00001-00000063-00000070 WITH DANGEROUS WEAPON AND LAWFUL  
UB5FaMo673Q-00002-00000070-00000306 WITH DANGEROUS WEAPON AND LAWFUL GAMBLING FRAUD CRIMES.
UB5FaMo673Q-00003-00000306-00000313 WITH DANGEROUS WEAPON AND LAWFUL GAMBLING FRAUD CRIMES.  
UB5FaMo673Q-00004-00000313-00000423 WITH DANGEROUS WEAPON AND LAWFUL GAMBLING FRAUD CRIMES. >> DENNIS: ABOUT A MONTH AFTER
UB5FaMo673Q-00005-00000423-00000430 GAMBLING FRAUD CRIMES. >> DENNIS: ABOUT A MONTH AFTER  
UB5FaMo673Q-00006-00000430-00000603 GAMBLING FRAUD CRIMES. >> DENNIS: ABOUT A MONTH AFTER DECIDING TO KEEP BEMIDJI'S
UB5FaMo673Q-00007-00000603-00000610 >> DENNIS: ABOUT A MONTH AFTER DECIDING TO KEEP BEMIDJI'S  
UB5FaMo673Q-00008-00000610-00000740 >> DENNIS: ABOUT A MONTH AFTER DECIDING TO KEEP BEMIDJI'S MUNICIPAL LIQUOR STORES CLOSE
UB5FaMo673Q-00009-00000740-00000747 DECIDING TO KEEP BEMIDJI'S MUNICIPAL LIQUOR STORES CLOSE  
UB5FaMo673Q-00010-00000747-00000884 DECIDING TO KEEP BEMIDJI'S MUNICIPAL LIQUOR STORES CLOSE ODD SUNDAYS, CITY LEADERS HAVE
UB5FaMo673Q-00011-00000884-00000890 MUNICIPAL LIQUOR STORES CLOSE ODD SUNDAYS, CITY LEADERS HAVE  
UB5FaMo673Q-00012-00000890-00001010 MUNICIPAL LIQUOR STORES CLOSE ODD SUNDAYS, CITY LEADERS HAVE DECIDED TO CHANGE COURSE.
UB5FaMo673Q-00013-00001010-00001017 ODD SUNDAYS, CITY LEADERS HAVE DECIDED TO CHANGE COURSE.  
UB5FaMo673Q-00014-00001017-00001277 ODD SUNDAYS, CITY LEADERS HAVE DECIDED TO CHANGE COURSE. CITY ADMINISTRATOR NATE MATTHEWS
UB5FaMo673Q-00015-00001277-00001284 DECIDED TO CHANGE COURSE. CITY ADMINISTRATOR NATE MATTHEWS  
UB5FaMo673Q-00016-00001284-00001481 DECIDED TO CHANGE COURSE. CITY ADMINISTRATOR NATE MATTHEWS TELLS LAKELAND NEWS THAT THE
UB5FaMo673Q-00017-00001481-00001488 CITY ADMINISTRATOR NATE MATTHEWS TELLS LAKELAND NEWS THAT THE  
UB5FaMo673Q-00018-00001488-00001638 CITY ADMINISTRATOR NATE MATTHEWS TELLS LAKELAND NEWS THAT THE CITY'S LIQUOR STORES WILL OPEN
UB5FaMo673Q-00019-00001638-00001644 TELLS LAKELAND NEWS THAT THE CITY'S LIQUOR STORES WILL OPEN  
UB5FaMo673Q-00020-00001644-00001795 TELLS LAKELAND NEWS THAT THE CITY'S LIQUOR STORES WILL OPEN FOR BUSINESS BEGINNING ON
UB5FaMo673Q-00021-00001795-00001801 CITY'S LIQUOR STORES WILL OPEN FOR BUSINESS BEGINNING ON  
UB5FaMo673Q-00022-00001801-00001885 CITY'S LIQUOR STORES WILL OPEN FOR BUSINESS BEGINNING ON JULY 2nd.
UB5FaMo673Q-00023-00001885-00001891 FOR BUSINESS BEGINNING ON JULY 2nd.  
UB5FaMo673Q-00024-00001891-00002045 FOR BUSINESS BEGINNING ON JULY 2nd. MINNESOTA LAW ALLOWS FOR LIQUOR
UB5FaMo673Q-00025-00002045-00002052 JULY 2nd. MINNESOTA LAW ALLOWS FOR LIQUOR  
UB5FaMo673Q-00026-00002052-00002365 JULY 2nd. MINNESOTA LAW ALLOWS FOR LIQUOR STORES TO OPEN ON SUNDAYS FROM
UB5FaMo673Q-00027-00002365-00002372 MINNESOTA LAW ALLOWS FOR LIQUOR STORES TO OPEN ON SUNDAYS FROM  
UB5FaMo673Q-00028-00002372-00002532 MINNESOTA LAW ALLOWS FOR LIQUOR STORES TO OPEN ON SUNDAYS FROM IS 11 A.M. TO 6 P.M. BEGINNING
UB5FaMo673Q-00029-00002532-00002539 STORES TO OPEN ON SUNDAYS FROM IS 11 A.M. TO 6 P.M. BEGINNING  
UB5FaMo673Q-00030-00002539-00002692 STORES TO OPEN ON SUNDAYS FROM IS 11 A.M. TO 6 P.M. BEGINNING ON JULY 2nd.
UB5FaMo673Q-00031-00002692-00002699 IS 11 A.M. TO 6 P.M. BEGINNING ON JULY 2nd.  
UB5FaMo673Q-00032-00002699-00002822 IS 11 A.M. TO 6 P.M. BEGINNING ON JULY 2nd. MATTHEWS SAYS THEY'RE STILL
UB5FaMo673Q-00033-00002822-00002829 ON JULY 2nd. MATTHEWS SAYS THEY'RE STILL  
UB5FaMo673Q-00034-00002829-00003029 ON JULY 2nd. MATTHEWS SAYS THEY'RE STILL WORKING OUT THE SCHEDULE, BUT
UB5FaMo673Q-00035-00003029-00003036 MATTHEWS SAYS THEY'RE STILL WORKING OUT THE SCHEDULE, BUT  
UB5FaMo673Q-00036-00003036-00003159 MATTHEWS SAYS THEY'RE STILL WORKING OUT THE SCHEDULE, BUT BOTH MUNICIPAL STORES WILL BE
UB5FaMo673Q-00037-00003159-00003166 WORKING OUT THE SCHEDULE, BUT BOTH MUNICIPAL STORES WILL BE  
UB5FaMo673Q-00038-00003166-00003299 WORKING OUT THE SCHEDULE, BUT BOTH MUNICIPAL STORES WILL BE OPEN FROM EITHER 11 A.M. TO
UB5FaMo673Q-00039-00003299-00003306 BOTH MUNICIPAL STORES WILL BE OPEN FROM EITHER 11 A.M. TO  
UB5FaMo673Q-00040-00003306-00003526 BOTH MUNICIPAL STORES WILL BE OPEN FROM EITHER 11 A.M. TO 5 P.M. OR FROM 11 A.M. TO 6 P.M.
UB5FaMo673Q-00041-00003526-00003533 OPEN FROM EITHER 11 A.M. TO 5 P.M. OR FROM 11 A.M. TO 6 P.M.  
UB5FaMo673Q-00042-00003533-00003837 OPEN FROM EITHER 11 A.M. TO 5 P.M. OR FROM 11 A.M. TO 6 P.M. MOST LIQUOR STORES IN THE THREE
UB5FaMo673Q-00043-00003837-00003843 5 P.M. OR FROM 11 A.M. TO 6 P.M. MOST LIQUOR STORES IN THE THREE  
UB5FaMo673Q-00044-00003843-00003970 5 P.M. OR FROM 11 A.M. TO 6 P.M. MOST LIQUOR STORES IN THE THREE BIGGEST CITIES IN THE LAKELAND
UB5FaMo673Q-00045-00003970-00003977 MOST LIQUOR STORES IN THE THREE BIGGEST CITIES IN THE LAKELAND  
UB5FaMo673Q-00046-00003977-00004270 MOST LIQUOR STORES IN THE THREE BIGGEST CITIES IN THE LAKELAND VIEWING AREA ARE OPENING ON
UB5FaMo673Q-00047-00004270-00004277 BIGGEST CITIES IN THE LAKELAND VIEWING AREA ARE OPENING ON  
UB5FaMo673Q-00048-00004277-00004397 BIGGEST CITIES IN THE LAKELAND VIEWING AREA ARE OPENING ON SUNDAYS.
UB5FaMo673Q-00049-00004397-00004404 VIEWING AREA ARE OPENING ON SUNDAYS.  
UB5FaMo673Q-00050-00004404-00004587 VIEWING AREA ARE OPENING ON SUNDAYS. AN LPTV POLL OF LIQUOR STORES
UB5FaMo673Q-00051-00004587-00004594 SUNDAYS. AN LPTV POLL OF LIQUOR STORES  
UB5FaMo673Q-00052-00004594-00004758 SUNDAYS. AN LPTV POLL OF LIQUOR STORES WITHIN A 10-MILE RADIUS OF THE
UB5FaMo673Q-00053-00004758-00004764 AN LPTV POLL OF LIQUOR STORES WITHIN A 10-MILE RADIUS OF THE  
UB5FaMo673Q-00054-00004764-00004988 AN LPTV POLL OF LIQUOR STORES WITHIN A 10-MILE RADIUS OF THE HUB CITIES OF BEMIDJI, BRAINERD
UB5FaMo673Q-00055-00004988-00004994 WITHIN A 10-MILE RADIUS OF THE HUB CITIES OF BEMIDJI, BRAINERD  
UB5FaMo673Q-00056-00004994-00005215 WITHIN A 10-MILE RADIUS OF THE HUB CITIES OF BEMIDJI, BRAINERD AND GRAND RAPIDS FOUND 20 OF 22
UB5FaMo673Q-00057-00005215-00005221 HUB CITIES OF BEMIDJI, BRAINERD AND GRAND RAPIDS FOUND 20 OF 22  
UB5FaMo673Q-00058-00005221-00005415 HUB CITIES OF BEMIDJI, BRAINERD AND GRAND RAPIDS FOUND 20 OF 22 STORES SURVEYED PLAN TO OPEN.
UB5FaMo673Q-00059-00005415-00005422 AND GRAND RAPIDS FOUND 20 OF 22 STORES SURVEYED PLAN TO OPEN.  
UB5FaMo673Q-00060-00005422-00005618 AND GRAND RAPIDS FOUND 20 OF 22 STORES SURVEYED PLAN TO OPEN. ONE WILL NOT OPEN AND ONE IS
UB5FaMo673Q-00061-00005618-00005625 STORES SURVEYED PLAN TO OPEN. ONE WILL NOT OPEN AND ONE IS  
UB5FaMo673Q-00062-00005625-00005685 STORES SURVEYED PLAN TO OPEN. ONE WILL NOT OPEN AND ONE IS UNDECIDED.
UB5FaMo673Q-00063-00005685-00005692 ONE WILL NOT OPEN AND ONE IS UNDECIDED.  
UB5FaMo673Q-00064-00005692-00005789 ONE WILL NOT OPEN AND ONE IS UNDECIDED. MANAGERS FROM SEVERAL STORES
UB5FaMo673Q-00065-00005789-00005795 UNDECIDED. MANAGERS FROM SEVERAL STORES  
UB5FaMo673Q-00066-00005795-00005929 UNDECIDED. MANAGERS FROM SEVERAL STORES WHICH ARE OPENING TOLD LAKELAND
UB5FaMo673Q-00067-00005929-00005935 MANAGERS FROM SEVERAL STORES WHICH ARE OPENING TOLD LAKELAND  
UB5FaMo673Q-00068-00005935-00006102 MANAGERS FROM SEVERAL STORES WHICH ARE OPENING TOLD LAKELAND NEWS THAT THEY'RE CAUTIOUSLY
UB5FaMo673Q-00069-00006102-00006109 WHICH ARE OPENING TOLD LAKELAND NEWS THAT THEY'RE CAUTIOUSLY  
UB5FaMo673Q-00070-00006109-00006242 WHICH ARE OPENING TOLD LAKELAND NEWS THAT THEY'RE CAUTIOUSLY OPTIMISTIC THAT SUNDAY SALES
UB5FaMo673Q-00071-00006242-00006249 NEWS THAT THEY'RE CAUTIOUSLY OPTIMISTIC THAT SUNDAY SALES  
UB5FaMo673Q-00072-00006249-00006406 NEWS THAT THEY'RE CAUTIOUSLY OPTIMISTIC THAT SUNDAY SALES COULD PROVE BENEFICIAL FOR THEIR
UB5FaMo673Q-00073-00006406-00006413 OPTIMISTIC THAT SUNDAY SALES COULD PROVE BENEFICIAL FOR THEIR  
UB5FaMo673Q-00074-00006413-00006469 OPTIMISTIC THAT SUNDAY SALES COULD PROVE BENEFICIAL FOR THEIR BUSINESSES BUT SAID THEY WILL BE
UBGvjXGD5cI-00000-00000000-00000343 There are an estimated 200 million AIDS patients in China
UBGvjXGD5cI-00001-00000343-00000858 Most of them are young and pretty women. Tragedy in China is to be expected.
UBGvjXGD5cI-00002-00000858-00001446 But a Korean business owner has been to China... When he sees a pretty girl, he tries to kiss her first.
UBGvjXGD5cI-00003-00001446-00002196 At the moment of kissing, about 1 billion different germs are transmitted, and there are a lot of AIDS and hepatitis b germs in it.
UBGvjXGD5cI-00004-00002196-00002666 The man came back to Korea and slept with his wife and then with a bar girl.
UBGvjXGD5cI-00005-00002666-00002889 AIDS is widespread in Korea.
UBGvjXGD5cI-00006-00002889-00003384 A man with AIDS says he feels unfair and tries to sleep with women regardless of means and methods.
UBGvjXGD5cI-00007-00003384-00003682 In times like these your children are exposed
UBGvjXGD5cI-00008-00003682-00004421 The evil man said to the woman, "Let's have a drink. I'll help you. I'll give you some money." You have to refuse him pretending to be nice
UBGvjXGD5cI-00009-00004421-00004743 Sexually, you should see this guy as evil
UBGvjXGD5cI-00010-00004743-00005387 Poison comes out no matter how clean the water is. Similarly, even when evil people do good, there is poison in it.
UBGvjXGD5cI-00011-00005387-00005686 Special measures are needed against this evil virus (to make the desert green for life)
UBGvjXGD5cI-00012-00005686-00006157 Individuals will have to practice customized distancing first.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00000-00002694-00002814 Hello!
UCpLrPB0BhY-00001-00002815-00003176 Good morning, everyone!
UCpLrPB0BhY-00002-00003177-00003322 How are you doing?
UCpLrPB0BhY-00003-00003322-00003422 (applause)
UCpLrPB0BhY-00004-00003422-00003522 Good!
UCpLrPB0BhY-00005-00003522-00003622 Cool!
UCpLrPB0BhY-00006-00003622-00003722 Awesome!
UCpLrPB0BhY-00007-00003722-00003978 We have one more day of exciting talks.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00008-00003978-00004685 And I'll do some housekeeping, some announcements, so first of all, I would like to thank our
UCpLrPB0BhY-00009-00004685-00004785 sponsors.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00010-00004785-00004984 Without them, this wouldn't be possible.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00011-00004984-00005508 We're very, very grateful for the generous support.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00012-00005508-00006062 Second, if you can, you should donate to the UCSC Strike Fund.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00013-00006062-00006854 Maggie has put up a sign outside where she'll be matching donations up to $500, and there
UCpLrPB0BhY-00014-00006854-00007373 are details of how you can help contribute.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00015-00007373-00007811 The other thing is: We have a code of conduct.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00016-00007811-00008073 You can read it on our website.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00017-00008073-00008268 And if...
UCpLrPB0BhY-00018-00008268-00008864 You can either send us an SMS on a number that will be displayed here during the breaks,
UCpLrPB0BhY-00019-00008864-00009452 or you can flag one of us in a yellow T-shirt and talk to us.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00020-00009452-00010299 There's a Google form online, where you can send in anonymous complaints, if you have
UCpLrPB0BhY-00021-00010299-00010399 them.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00022-00010399-00010771 The other thing is that we have a quiet room.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00023-00010771-00011160 The quiet room is across the courtyard.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00024-00011160-00011622 And if you can't find it, or don't know where it is, you can again flag one of us in yellow
UCpLrPB0BhY-00025-00011622-00012013 T-shirts, and we'll show you the way.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00026-00012013-00012217 The other thing is bathrooms.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00027-00012217-00012606 We have two right outside the auditorium.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00028-00012606-00012834 They're all-gender restrooms.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00029-00012834-00013236 And we have men's and women's restrooms.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00030-00013236-00013829 One on the left, in the left building, and one across the courtyard, again.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00031-00013829-00014174 And if you can't find them, we can again help you.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00032-00014174-00015012 And I want to invite Maggie to talk about Exclamation Foundation for a few minutes.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00033-00015012-00015125 Woo!
UCpLrPB0BhY-00034-00015125-00015238 Maggie!
UCpLrPB0BhY-00035-00015238-00015465 Thank you.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00036-00015465-00015579 Okay.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00037-00015579-00015774 Everybody take up your thingy.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00038-00015774-00015962 You don't have to take it off.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00039-00015962-00016124 I'm just taking it off because it was in my way.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00040-00016124-00016436 Turn it over so your name is not facing you.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00041-00016436-00016893 So you may see -- and you probably saw this already -- it says !!Con West 2020 was brought
UCpLrPB0BhY-00042-00016893-00017162 to you by Exclamation Foundation.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00043-00017162-00017582 So what is the Exclamation Foundation?
UCpLrPB0BhY-00044-00017582-00018166 This past year, we finally incorporated a holding body.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00045-00018166-00018898 !!Con and !!Con West for a while were run out of one of the original organizer’s LLC,
UCpLrPB0BhY-00046-00018898-00019256 which was named Bang Bang Corn, if you've seen that name around.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00047-00019256-00019669 Perhaps you're a sponsor and have seen an invoice from Bang Bang Corn and wondered...
UCpLrPB0BhY-00048-00019669-00019816 I wonder what that is?
UCpLrPB0BhY-00049-00019816-00020462 So now we have an actual holding body.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00050-00020462-00020763 If you're interested in the details, I'll share one sentence with you.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00051-00020763-00021159 We're a non-tax exempt non-profit.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00052-00021159-00021456 So what that means is we have a board.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00053-00021456-00021698 Lindsey is our president.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00054-00021698-00021870 I'm currently treasurer.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00055-00021870-00022323 Julia, who I think is somewhere, is secretary.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00056-00022323-00022920 And we have bylaws that we abide by, and there's no equity or ownership structure.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00057-00022920-00023045 So we're not a 501c3.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00058-00023045-00023456 We have thoughts about maybe doing that in the future, so that we can apply for grants
UCpLrPB0BhY-00059-00023456-00023879 and accept personal donations that are tax exempt for individuals.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00060-00023879-00023979 So...
UCpLrPB0BhY-00061-00023979-00024079 Those are the details.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00062-00024079-00024473 If you are curious about more, and if you're curious about what we're gonna do with this,
UCpLrPB0BhY-00063-00024473-00025029 and what it means for the future of !!Con and !!Con West, we're curious too.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00064-00025029-00025196 And we're figuring it out.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00065-00025196-00025445 If you have ideas that you want to share, I'm happy to hear them.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00066-00025445-00025562 Lindsey is happy to hear them.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00067-00025562-00025750 I'm sure Julia is happy to hear them as well.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00068-00025750-00026109 So come find us and talk to us at one of the breaks.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00069-00026109-00026269 (inaudible)
UCpLrPB0BhY-00070-00026269-00026802 Oh, Lindsey just asked: How do you email the board of the Exclamation Foundation?
UCpLrPB0BhY-00071-00026802-00027408 I believe you can email us at board@exclamation.foundation.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00072-00027408-00027570 And we will get that email.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00073-00027570-00028267 If you go to the website, exclamation.foundation, you will also see a mailing address, which
UCpLrPB0BhY-00074-00028267-00028702 will also come to our email.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00075-00028702-00028992 Because it's 2020.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00076-00028992-00029092 (laughter)
UCpLrPB0BhY-00077-00029092-00029281 Thank you!
UCpLrPB0BhY-00078-00029281-00029570 Thank you, Maggie!
UCpLrPB0BhY-00079-00029570-00029670 Okay.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00080-00029670-00030102 So I want to introduce our first speaker for today.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00081-00030102-00030467 Erin is a digital scholarship librarian.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00082-00030467-00031158 Her work focuses on digital tools and practices to make education and knowledge production
UCpLrPB0BhY-00083-00031158-00031717 more democratic, collaborative, and publicly engaging.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00084-00031717-00032033 And she is going to be giving our keynote today.
UCpLrPB0BhY-00085-00032033-00032581 So please join me in welcoming Erin for our first keynote today!
UCpLrPB0BhY-00086-00032581-00032710 (applause)
UCv98pddQTc-00122-00051646-00051827 Durgadevi Alayam Aganampudi
UCv98pddQTc-00123-00054723-00054823 Durgadevi Alayam Aganampudi
UCv98pddQTc-00124-00059292-00059392 Durgadevi Alayam Aganampudi
UCv98pddQTc-00125-00059417-00059546 Durgadevi Alayam Aganampudi
UCv98pddQTc-00126-00059810-00059910 Durgadevi Alayam Aganampudi
UCv98pddQTc-00127-00060910-00061010 Durgadevi Alayam Aganampudi
UCv98pddQTc-00128-00061267-00061367 Durgadevi Alayam Aganampudi
UD8jpb-Ms3M-00000-00000000-00000200 like
UFLmRlwKgHc-00000-00000000-00000200 The planet Jupiter is shining brightly. Look at the side.. Damn! James Webb releases new films  
UFaU1pXSV7y-00000-00000270-00000681 Hello, this is Loredana from Kuip and you are watching the ‘Buttons’ video from
UFaU1pXSV7y-00001-00000681-00000844 the ‘SVG UI’ series.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00002-00000844-00001483 We are creating the next generation resolution independent and mobile friendly SVG controls,
UFaU1pXSV7y-00003-00001483-00002034 for any user interface and today I will show you some of our prototypes.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00004-00002034-00002213 This is a Range Value Button.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00005-00002213-00002729 When you create it, you can assign any range and the user will just drag the handle to
UFaU1pXSV7y-00006-00002729-00002926 choose the desired number.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00007-00002926-00003547 You can also click on the minimum, maximum and middle values and they will be selected.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00008-00003547-00004084 Like all of our buttons, it can be minimized when it is not used, but it always shows you
UFaU1pXSV7y-00009-00004084-00004405 your current value.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00010-00004405-00004607 This is a Multiple Choice Button.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00011-00004607-00005090 You can use SVG icons or image URLs for the choices.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00012-00005090-00005721 It also has drag and click options for selecting the elements.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00013-00005721-00006161 The other type of choice button is our Multiple Select.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00014-00006161-00006906 In this case, you click on the items to select or deselect and you can use this menu button
UFaU1pXSV7y-00015-00006906-00007222 to clear out or select all.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00016-00007222-00007843 We have created these yantra-like petals for showing the user’s choices, but this can
UFaU1pXSV7y-00017-00007843-00008200 be customized to any shape.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00018-00008200-00008779 All of our buttons are customizable in terms of shapes, colors, sizes and number of elements.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00019-00008779-00009124 They can be moved, scaled and made transparent.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00020-00009124-00009671 If you choose to create and store your icons separately, you can even redesign the button
UFaU1pXSV7y-00021-00009671-00010349 after the development process, by only changing your icons.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00022-00010349-00010642 These are Unbound Value Buttons.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00023-00010642-00011196 If you do not want to bound the user to a given range, you can use this button to choose
UFaU1pXSV7y-00024-00011196-00011624 numbers from small to large, with the same ease.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00025-00011624-00012364 It uses an exponential increase and can be used in any numeric base.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00026-00012364-00013536 It can be set to give only the positive numbers or the whole range.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00027-00013536-00014156 To find out more about it or how you can pair it with other controls, such as an SVG calculator,
UFaU1pXSV7y-00028-00014156-00014553 check out our Unbound Button video.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00029-00014553-00015061 These are buttons from our Color controls set.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00030-00015061-00015715 This creates RGBA colors, based on red, green, blue and transparency.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00031-00015715-00016945 The outer circles create the stroke color and opacity and the inner circles create the
UFaU1pXSV7y-00032-00016945-00017729 fill.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00033-00017729-00018403 This can be mixed with our Color Blend Button, which takes in two colors and lets the user
UFaU1pXSV7y-00034-00018403-00018890 choose the shade resulted by combining them.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00035-00018890-00019595 So, the buttons can communicate their values with one another and can be mixed or chained,
UFaU1pXSV7y-00036-00019595-00019876 to produce the desired result.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00037-00019876-00020480 These buttons can be used with real-time platforms, like Meteor.Js, allowing you to instantly
UFaU1pXSV7y-00038-00020480-00020875 update your data from your user’s interactions with them.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00039-00020875-00021357 For more information about our Web tools, feel free to browse through our other demos.
UFaU1pXSV7y-00040-00021357-00021484 Thank you for watching.
UL7wNorA4eA-00000-00000072-00000608 i've noticed that my video was going over 100 comments like the last one,
UL7wNorA4eA-00001-00000608-00001568 but this time i got a lot more replies instead of just five, and i continued to get new ones, so
UL7wNorA4eA-00002-00001568-00002224 i guess they could have appeared on my video, and we might not be able to respond to stuff you guys.
UQZd-33B6nA-00000-00000547-00000884 Item #: SCP-1471
UQZd-33B6nA-00001-00000884-00001045 Object Class: Euclid
UQZd-33B6nA-00002-00001045-00001607 Special Containment Procedures: All mobile devices that have SCP-1471 installed are to
UQZd-33B6nA-00003-00001607-00002105 be confiscated and analyzed for any potential leads to other possibly affected devices.
UQZd-33B6nA-00004-00002105-00002641 Afterwards, affected devices are to have their batteries removed, be assigned a designation
UQZd-33B6nA-00005-00002641-00003570 (e.g. SCP-1471-#), and be placed in Storage Unit-91 at Research Site-45.
UQZd-33B6nA-00006-00003570-00004125 All online application stores for mobile devices are to be monitored to prevent any inadvertent
UQZd-33B6nA-00007-00004125-00004395 sales of SCP-1471.
UQZd-33B6nA-00008-00004395-00004855 Suspected devices are to be targeted using self-uploading malware in order to disable
UQZd-33B6nA-00009-00004855-00005087 the device until it can be seized by field agents.
UQZd-33B6nA-00010-00005087-00006286 Description: SCP-1471 is a free 9.8MB application for mobile devices named "MalO ver1.0.0" in
UQZd-33B6nA-00011-00006286-00006484 online application stores.
UQZd-33B6nA-00012-00006484-00007108 SCP-1471 has no listed developer and is somehow able to bypass the application approval process
UQZd-33B6nA-00013-00007108-00007364 to go directly to distribution.
UQZd-33B6nA-00014-00007364-00007953 SCP-1471 is also able to avoid removal by other program manager applications.
UQZd-33B6nA-00015-00007953-00008666 After SCP-1471 is installed, no icons or shortcuts are created for the application.
UQZd-33B6nA-00016-00008666-00009236 SCP-1471 will then begin to send the individual images through text messaging every 3-6 hours.
UQZd-33B6nA-00017-00009236-00009909 All images will contain SCP-1471-A either within the background or foreground.
UQZd-33B6nA-00018-00009909-00010529 SCP-1471-A appears as a large humanoid figure with a canid-like skull and black hair.
UQZd-33B6nA-00019-00010529-00011134 During the first 24 hours following the installation of SCP-1471, the mobile device will receive
UQZd-33B6nA-00020-00011134-00011493 images taken at locations commonly frequented by the individual.
UQZd-33B6nA-00021-00011493-00012045 After 48 hours, the mobile device will receive images taken at locations that were recently
UQZd-33B6nA-00022-00012045-00012286 visited by the individual.
UQZd-33B6nA-00023-00012286-00012803 After 72 hours, the mobile device will receive images of the individual in real time with
UQZd-33B6nA-00024-00012803-00013529 SCP-1471-A appearing within close proximity to the subject.
UQZd-33B6nA-00025-00013529-00014034 Individuals with >90 hours of exposure to these continuous images will begin to briefly
UQZd-33B6nA-00026-00014034-00014728 visualize SCP-1471-A within their peripheral vision, reflective surfaces, or a combination
UQZd-33B6nA-00027-00014728-00014888 of the two.
UQZd-33B6nA-00028-00014888-00015419 Continued exposure to SCP-1471 after this point will cause irreversible and sustained
UQZd-33B6nA-00029-00015419-00015995 visualizations of SCP-1471-A. Individuals at this stage have reported periodic attempts
UQZd-33B6nA-00030-00015995-00016670 made by SCP-1471-A to visually communicate with them, but fail to understand or comprehend
UQZd-33B6nA-00031-00016670-00016805 these actions.
UQZd-33B6nA-00032-00016805-00017379 Currently the only known treatment to reverse SCP-1471's effect is to eliminate the individual's
UQZd-33B6nA-00033-00017379-00017879 visual exposure to these images prior to 90 hours after installation.
UQZd-33B6nA-00034-00017879-00018269 To date, no apparent hostile activity has been reported regarding SCP-1471-A.
UQZd-33B6nA-00035-00018269-00018834 Archival Document1471-01 Note: SCP-1471 as posted on application stores.
UQZd-33B6nA-00036-00018834-00019106 MalO ver1.O.O
UQZd-33B6nA-00037-00019106-00019242 FREE!
UQZd-33B6nA-00038-00019242-00019389 Reviews (O)
UQZd-33B6nA-00039-00019389-00019731 Description: For ████████████. Never
UQZd-33B6nA-00040-00019731-00020025 settle for those awkward feelings of being alone ever again.
UQZd-33B6nA-00041-00020025-00020476 MalO is an exciting and interactive experience that will keep you engaged and intrigued.
UQZd-33B6nA-00042-00020476-00021043 The anxiety of social situations can be nerve-racking, but after just a few hours of MalO you will
UQZd-33B6nA-00043-00021043-00021491 soon forget all about those painful emotions of disappointment.
UQZd-33B6nA-00044-00021491-00021856 Be part of the new craze that is quickly becoming the next social substitute.
UQZd-33B6nA-00045-00021856-00022239 Remember, the more you participate, the more MalO will engage you.
UQZd-33B6nA-00046-00022239-00022456 Your experience is completely up to you.
UQZd-33B6nA-00047-00022456-00022598 Absolutely NO ADS.
UQZd-33B6nA-00048-00022598-00022668 Enjoy!
UUXOpLPKEQy-00000-00000008-00000488 best way I guess the most powerful way to get people to look at your offers
UUXOpLPKEQy-00001-00001488-00001952 Hey my friend! Jean-Serge Gagnon here and today we're going to talk about
UUXOpLPKEQy-00002-00001952-00002528 what is the best way for people to actually get to check out your offer so you got an offer you're
UUXOpLPKEQy-00003-00002528-00003040 building a business you're trying to grow a team you're using Facebook maybe you're trying to sell
UUXOpLPKEQy-00004-00003040-00003615 a course whatever it is you're trying to do this is definitely one of the ways that is the most
UUXOpLPKEQy-00005-00003696-00004192 um it gets you the most results of getting people to check out your offer so we're gonna
UUXOpLPKEQy-00006-00004192-00004864 get right to that in just a second but first this So the real question is this:
UUXOpLPKEQy-00007-00004984-00005568 What are the strategies, techniques and tools that you need to learn to generate residual
UUXOpLPKEQy-00008-00005568-00006172 income from the e-learning boom that's happening right now? My name is Jean-Serge
UUXOpLPKEQy-00009-00006228-00007040 Gagnon and welcome to Course Income Secrets... that's right so no matter whether you have a
UUXOpLPKEQy-00010-00007040-00007392 course you're trying to sell whether you're trying to get people to get in your
UUXOpLPKEQy-00011-00007392-00007992 business whether you're trying to get them to buy a product anything that you're trying to do
UUXOpLPKEQy-00012-00008048-00008432 online if you're using Facebook or probably other social media platforms work
UUXOpLPKEQy-00013-00008488-00009112 would it would work pretty much the same but we're going to show you a method that is amazing
UUXOpLPKEQy-00014-00009112-00009752 at getting people actually take the time to even just look at what you have which is what everybody
UUXOpLPKEQy-00015-00009752-00010232 wants what everybody tells you you need to do is to get people to at least look at your offer
UUXOpLPKEQy-00016-00010232-00010640 right that's the only way that they're going to know whether it's for them or not they have to
UUXOpLPKEQy-00017-00010640-00011320 look at it but most times online it's really hard to get people to just look at your offer so we're
UUXOpLPKEQy-00018-00011320-00011720 going to get into that before we go there though I want to remind you if you're listening to the
UUXOpLPKEQy-00019-00011720-00012160 audio of this you're going to want to definitely go check out the video because in the video I will
UUXOpLPKEQy-00020-00012160-00012784 be showing you exactly what I'm talking about and you can go check that out at cis423.jsgagnon.com
UUXOpLPKEQy-00021-00013184-00013824 where I will share my screen and show you all of what I'm talking about so let's get right to that
UUXOpLPKEQy-00022-00013824-00014336 let's share my screen right over here so you're on Facebook right so you're on Facebook you might
UUXOpLPKEQy-00023-00014336-00014816 have offers there's so many ways that you can actually build you know you can actually get
UUXOpLPKEQy-00024-00014816-00015360 people to check out your offer right you can post every day you can comment every day you can engage
UUXOpLPKEQy-00025-00015360-00015991 on people's stuff you can even pay for ads but none of that is what we're talking about we're
UUXOpLPKEQy-00026-00015991-00016680 talking about a tool a tool and a process that you can use now I use my I've i've got a tool anyways
UUXOpLPKEQy-00027-00016680-00017152 you're going to get into all that but what I want to talk to you about is using something that lets
UUXOpLPKEQy-00028-00017152-00017960 people uh check out your offer in a particular way so okay so let's uh let's back up let's talk about
UUXOpLPKEQy-00029-00017960-00018488 the offer now your offer is going to be your offer and it's not what I'm talking about in terms of
UUXOpLPKEQy-00030-00018488-00019256 offers obviously it's going to be whatever it is that you have now telling people about your offer
UUXOpLPKEQy-00031-00019336-00020112 is the part that everybody is going to agree that you gotta do as much as possible because without
UUXOpLPKEQy-00032-00020112-00020424 you know without talking about your product about your
UUXOpLPKEQy-00033-00020424-00021232 uh offer about your your your opportunity about your course about your company
UUXOpLPKEQy-00034-00021232-00021672 whatever it is that you're trying to sell whatever it is you're trying to get some people to buy
UUXOpLPKEQy-00035-00021736-00022288 if you can't you know if they don't look at it then you're not gonna be getting any results
UUXOpLPKEQy-00036-00022288-00022744 now some people talk about you know creating funnels and getting people to that funnel and
UUXOpLPKEQy-00037-00022800-00023424 getting a whole engagement thing going on with like email uh campaigns and getting people to
UUXOpLPKEQy-00038-00023496-00023992 you know go through the the email campaigns and you know all that is all great let's see this ad
UUXOpLPKEQy-00039-00023992-00024768 here right this this steve r larson is one of the uh click funnels you know gurus I guess so
UUXOpLPKEQy-00040-00024768-00025200 he's posting you know ads now that's not what I'm talking about there's this person this is
UUXOpLPKEQy-00041-00025280-00025727 one of my page that's pretty interesting what is that uh where is this even coming from
UUXOpLPKEQy-00042-00025848-00026256 I don't even know what that video is but anyways it's the video with my little picture right there
UUXOpLPKEQy-00043-00026256-00026664 must be a video I did to show a demo of my product anyways it's a sample ad it's
UUXOpLPKEQy-00044-00026664-00027064 not an that I did it just like shows you know this what it would look like if you decide to
UUXOpLPKEQy-00045-00027064-00027472 spend money on Facebook now we're not talking about ads these are more ads you can see more
UUXOpLPKEQy-00046-00027472-00028088 ads there's more ads there's people posting stuff all right so the process that I'm gonna talk about
UUXOpLPKEQy-00047-00028168-00028712 is using a tool called loom now there's probably other tools that let you do something similar to
UUXOpLPKEQy-00048-00028712-00029256 that but it's not the tool itself it's more about the process but how to get it to do
UUXOpLPKEQy-00049-00029256-00029816 it now there there's a couple things that have to happen before people will actually take you
UUXOpLPKEQy-00050-00029816-00030327 seriously and actually look at your stuff right before they look at your stuff before you can
UUXOpLPKEQy-00051-00030327-00030783 send them a message or anything like that they have to already know like and trust you right
UUXOpLPKEQy-00052-00030783-00031144 so that's the first thing that has to happen you've heard of no like trust
UUXOpLPKEQy-00053-00031144-00031927 right no like trust is about getting people to to trust you enough to take the time to look at
UUXOpLPKEQy-00054-00031927-00032504 your offer or even buy your product right they have to trust you before that happens and that's
UUXOpLPKEQy-00055-00032608-00033064 that's the hardest thing to get if you're just posting on social media because you know
UUXOpLPKEQy-00056-00033120-00033576 one of the things that the leaders tell you to do is post every day right post every day
UUXOpLPKEQy-00057-00033632-00034464 something and although that's very important to do and that certainly does help now it's become
UUXOpLPKEQy-00058-00034464-00035088 harder and harder to get noticed by just posting so you really and you know that's why leaders talk
UUXOpLPKEQy-00059-00035088-00035600 about well you gotta you know you get a post right if you let's let's do a little note here a little
UUXOpLPKEQy-00060-00035600-00036456 note let's do a little note file here so I can kind of write these things right um so let's do
UUXOpLPKEQy-00061-00036456-00037040 a little note okay what's the best way right so that's kind of what we're talking about right now
UUXOpLPKEQy-00062-00037040-00037728 all right talking about that all right so what's the best way so of course number one they
UUXOpLPKEQy-00063-00037728-00038712 need to know like and trust you right so how do you accomplish that right so you can you can post
UUXOpLPKEQy-00064-00038856-00039760 post every day right you post content every day now there's a whole lot of um a whole lot of of
UUXOpLPKEQy-00065-00039760-00040360 trainings and gurus to talk about what you can do here but the the lion's short of it is pretty much
UUXOpLPKEQy-00066-00040448-00041368 the same for pretty much anybody it's posting regularly posting post content that your target
UUXOpLPKEQy-00067-00041512-00042272 audience wants right so you gotta post stuff they're interested in I mean they have to like
UUXOpLPKEQy-00068-00042272-00042920 what you're posting so that they s they see it and engage on it right because if they're not gonna
UUXOpLPKEQy-00069-00042920-00043464 engage on it Facebook won't show you their your stuff to them there's a whole reciprocity thing
UUXOpLPKEQy-00070-00043464-00043856 that happens with Facebook and other social platforms that's important so you got to do
UUXOpLPKEQy-00071-00043856-00044400 that you got to be posting regularly now what else can you do you got to be you must engage
UUXOpLPKEQy-00072-00044504-00045344 on other people's posts right ideally your target audience
UUXOpLPKEQy-00073-00045608-00046184 right you got to be engaging on your target audience's posts as well so that when you get
UUXOpLPKEQy-00074-00046184-00046768 started that'll be whatever's on your Facebook feed because in the beginning you're going to
UUXOpLPKEQy-00075-00046768-00047264 be seeing stuff on your Facebook feed based on your engagement based on your content based on
UUXOpLPKEQy-00076-00047320-00047840 how Facebook sees your activities right so Facebook will show you the stuff that you're
UUXOpLPKEQy-00077-00047840-00048432 engaging on more of the same stuff so that's why it works in the beginning to do that but after a
UUXOpLPKEQy-00078-00048432-00049016 while that doesn't work too well anymore because you're going to continually see the same people
UUXOpLPKEQy-00079-00049016-00049520 in your feed all the time always the same content always the same people right so if you're always
UUXOpLPKEQy-00080-00049520-00050048 seeing the same people always seeing the same content you're not seeing new people you can't
UUXOpLPKEQy-00081-00050048-00050584 be engaging in new people but that's kind of what the that's kind of how you do it so number two
UUXOpLPKEQy-00082-00050712-00051560 is find new people whoops new people in groups right why in groups because that's where
UUXOpLPKEQy-00083-00051728-00053191 groups groups are where you can be confident in your target audience being there right so you
UUXOpLPKEQy-00084-00053191-00053679 can kind of be confident that your target market is there so for example if your target market is
UUXOpLPKEQy-00085-00053679-00054167 weight loss well you're going to go to groups that people where people are talking about weight loss
UUXOpLPKEQy-00086-00054167-00054632 right so that'll be your target market that's people are interested in weight loss so they're
UUXOpLPKEQy-00087-00054632-00055032 going to be in that group so that's where you're going to go to go find new people
UUXOpLPKEQy-00088-00055200-00055840 so that's that's the basics of finding people right and getting them to know and like and trust
UUXOpLPKEQy-00089-00055840-00056279 you so that but that's not what we're talking about right now we're talking about how to
UUXOpLPKEQy-00090-00056279-00056744 get them to see yours to check out your offer right because it doesn't matter how much they
UUXOpLPKEQy-00091-00056744-00057584 know like and trust you if you're just posting about your offer so you know do not constantly
UUXOpLPKEQy-00092-00057712-00058328 post about your offer that's that's the worst thing you can do don't be
UUXOpLPKEQy-00093-00058328-00058984 posting about your offer all the time you can write people post once in you know 20 posts
UUXOpLPKEQy-00094-00059055-00059640 if you're posting about your product about your company about all the time then people are going
UUXOpLPKEQy-00095-00059640-00060152 to see what's what some are calling commission breath right because they know that if you're
UUXOpLPKEQy-00096-00060152-00060624 posting about products that's because you're trying to sell it which to them feels like you're
UUXOpLPKEQy-00097-00060624-00061128 you don't care about them you just care about their money and buying your stuff right so that's
UUXOpLPKEQy-00098-00061128-00061696 why if you post your product all the time people will not be interested so you got to make sure
UUXOpLPKEQy-00099-00061696-00062376 that you are not doing these no no's now I have you know I have a document that I have that lists
UUXOpLPKEQy-00100-00062376-00062760 the 10 things you should do and I've got all these different things you can actually go check it out
UUXOpLPKEQy-00101-00062864-00063736 I get my uh my master yeah I'll get my well well what would work what do I call let's go
UUXOpLPKEQy-00102-00063736-00064752 here master of simple.com that's the url I'll just paste that in my documents here uh let's just put
UUXOpLPKEQy-00103-00064752-00065167 it here so that you can see it so basically the top ten simple online strategies that actually
UUXOpLPKEQy-00104-00065167-00065760 attract now these are these are things that I did a long time ago I still kind of do that I still
UUXOpLPKEQy-00105-00065760-00066288 kind of follow these 10 things there's additional bonuses in there but that's definitely one thing
UUXOpLPKEQy-00106-00066288-00067128 that you're going to want to go get is get that that get my top 10 simple online strategies
UUXOpLPKEQy-00107-00067280-00068232 to attract attract your prospect anyways it's not exactly that that's not the exact wording but
UUXOpLPKEQy-00108-00068232-00068888 that's what it is right so go get that right there at a master of simple.com but anyways that's
UUXOpLPKEQy-00109-00068888-00069480 kind of just the background so you understand the basics of attraction marketing that you need to do
UUXOpLPKEQy-00110-00069480-00070080 that first before you can even you know bug them about your offer they have to already know you
UUXOpLPKEQy-00111-00070080-00070696 they have to already trust you enough to actually look at your stuff though and you know one of the
UUXOpLPKEQy-00112-00070696-00071576 ways doing this work all the time is taxing and you know if you're gonna go into groups how do
UUXOpLPKEQy-00113-00071576-00072160 you know whether you're who you should be engaging right now you know your brain is going to kind of
UUXOpLPKEQy-00114-00072160-00072680 keep track of people's names and maybe their faces and their profile picture and things like that
UUXOpLPKEQy-00115-00072680-00073072 sometimes people change a profile picture so you might lose them right so that's
UUXOpLPKEQy-00116-00073136-00073608 so that can be a lot of work to try to keep track of who you've engaged with because you know
UUXOpLPKEQy-00117-00073720-00074696 so number three is do not contact them until until they trust you
UUXOpLPKEQy-00118-00074816-00075632 right so don't contact them until they trust you well how would you know how do you know whether
UUXOpLPKEQy-00119-00075632-00076392 they trust you or not the answer is that it's you you can't be 100 sure whether they trust you
UUXOpLPKEQy-00120-00076464-00077464 but you can know maybe I should say until they like you right until they at least like you so
UUXOpLPKEQy-00121-00077464-00077984 how do you know whether they like you how do people how do you get people to like you people
UUXOpLPKEQy-00122-00077984-00078872 will like you because they know you and they like what you do for them right listen let's listen
UUXOpLPKEQy-00123-00078872-00080064 how do you know how do you know if they like you right so number one they must know you right they
UUXOpLPKEQy-00124-00080064-00081480 must know you they have to know you and they must like what you do for them okay so now this is
UUXOpLPKEQy-00125-00081480-00082256 this is like you know psychology 101 or human and interaction 101 right how do you know
UUXOpLPKEQy-00126-00082352-00083120 that they like how do you how do you how can you know what to do for them and so that they like you
UUXOpLPKEQy-00127-00083120-00084248 right how would you know that right well on social media on social media people are there to
UUXOpLPKEQy-00128-00084544-00085512 get others to see their stuff right so on social media people are there to get others
UUXOpLPKEQy-00129-00085512-00086984 to see their stuff so if you so if you see and see react react and comment on their stuff
UUXOpLPKEQy-00130-00087200-00087272 they will
UUXOpLPKEQy-00131-00087512-00088096 let's put that on this next line they will automatically
UUXOpLPKEQy-00132-00088264-00089224 like you I'm not writing too good am I automatically automatically like you they
UUXOpLPKEQy-00133-00089224-00089752 will automatically like you if you engage on their stuff yeah well that's that's good that's
UUXOpLPKEQy-00134-00089752-00090424 that's that seems easy but now now if you're trying to build any business you're not going
UUXOpLPKEQy-00135-00090424-00091088 to be commenting you're not going to be engaging and posting and commenting on one person right
UUXOpLPKEQy-00136-00091088-00091648 you're going to be doing it like like crazy as much as you can right so then how do you keep
UUXOpLPKEQy-00137-00091648-00092256 track of that that's where uh so here's the thing before I talk to you about loom the tool that is
UUXOpLPKEQy-00138-00092256-00092856 the best way to get people actually look at your offer I'm going to show you what I'm doing and
UUXOpLPKEQy-00139-00092856-00093344 how I'm using the tool active group users right so active europe users is cool that let me see
UUXOpLPKEQy-00140-00093432-00094040 who is actually active in groups and it lets me see like see for example debbie hallbrook
UUXOpLPKEQy-00141-00094040-00094816 right here she's gotten uh she's posted these numbers here four Facebook posts 29 comments
UUXOpLPKEQy-00142-00094816-00095384 and this is the last 30 days right so in the last 30 days she's commented on 29 posts
UUXOpLPKEQy-00143-00095448-00095872 in the groups that I'm i'm searching for and stuff like that anyways there's a whole configuration
UUXOpLPKEQy-00144-00095872-00096528 thing going on but this kind of shows me that this dina here has commented on 27 posts uh what else
UUXOpLPKEQy-00145-00096528-00097176 so who else there's gorov here's comment on 13 posts and this kind of lets me know who is more
UUXOpLPKEQy-00146-00097176-00097736 active now I could sort and whatever but what I do is I'm basically going through the list of people
UUXOpLPKEQy-00147-00097736-00098312 that I have engaged with as much so now when I look at this list the number that's right here
UUXOpLPKEQy-00148-00098312-00098912 tells me how many times I've visited this person's profile so if I look at abigail right here
UUXOpLPKEQy-00149-00098912-00099496 and I click on her name it shows me that I've commented on 47 posts and you know things like
UUXOpLPKEQy-00150-00099496-00100000 that I can see the comments if I click on there no whatever but the the whole purpose here is
UUXOpLPKEQy-00151-00100000-00100560 I'm just going to go visit her profile she's going to click on this takes me to her Facebook profile
UUXOpLPKEQy-00152-00100688-00101448 and it lets me see her posts without me having to worry about remembering you know uh whether
UUXOpLPKEQy-00153-00101448-00101856 I visited or not I let the tool tell me right the tool is going to tell me right here that the
UUXOpLPKEQy-00154-00101856-00102376 last time I visited I guess it's kind of blurred out here but it was 12 days ago I think it was
UUXOpLPKEQy-00155-00102376-00102888 now it's today so it lets me see that okay it's time to comment what I've been kind of doing is
UUXOpLPKEQy-00156-00102888-00103488 every six days of six days or more I'll go visit them again until I decided to take them out of my
UUXOpLPKEQy-00157-00103488-00103983 list right but for now these are people that I've been engaging with that I've been commenting on
UUXOpLPKEQy-00158-00103983-00104480 their stuff that they've been seeing me in their notifications so they know that I'm engaging
UUXOpLPKEQy-00159-00104480-00105032 on their stuff and hopefully they like me for it right they like me for the fact that I'm engaging
UUXOpLPKEQy-00160-00105032-00105672 on their stuff so and the way that and and this is kind of what this the secret is is before you
UUXOpLPKEQy-00161-00105672-00106144 try to reach out to them you got to make sure that they they've seen you enough so that they
UUXOpLPKEQy-00162-00106144-00106880 know who you are and they like you because you're doing things that they are on Facebook for so if
UUXOpLPKEQy-00163-00106880-00107583 you're engaging on their post commenting on their posts they know well they like you more pretty
UUXOpLPKEQy-00164-00107583-00108064 much you're pretty sure pretty sure I mean like obviously you know some people will be like oh
UUXOpLPKEQy-00165-00108064-00108559 this is just a spam or whatever they think they'll think what they want to think but that's okay
UUXOpLPKEQy-00166-00108559-00109176 because there's gonna be people that will actually uh like you because you're engaging on their stuff
UUXOpLPKEQy-00167-00109176-00109720 right so if I go through here and I just go on on this right she's talking about extra income summit
UUXOpLPKEQy-00168-00109808-00110568 and uh she's got this just six to six tonight an extra income summit so you know obviously I
UUXOpLPKEQy-00169-00110568-00111104 normally take the time to actually read the post and see what I can say about it right
UUXOpLPKEQy-00170-00111104-00111968 and I would engage on it I'll say something like this I'll just this looks like a great summit
UUXOpLPKEQy-00171-00112120-00112559 and obviously I would say something a little bit more you know nicer than that
UUXOpLPKEQy-00172-00112559-00112983 but right now I'm just trying to show you how to how I'm using the tool so I'm engaging on
UUXOpLPKEQy-00173-00112983-00113583 this person's post this is nine hours ago uh what does it say is your days are new got your ticket
UUXOpLPKEQy-00174-00113735-00114983 I'm gonna say yeah yeah it's always it's always exciting to do inventories
UUXOpLPKEQy-00175-00115192-00115624 and then what else there she's got another post here I can probably keep going because
UUXOpLPKEQy-00176-00115624-00116032 she's posting regularly pretty much every see how this is 22 hours ago
UUXOpLPKEQy-00177-00116032-00116432 this one it was nine hours ago so she's posting multiple posts a day or at least
UUXOpLPKEQy-00178-00116528-00117048 these days because she's doing this this summit I guess right this person here so
UUXOpLPKEQy-00179-00117256-00117848 and what is that TikTok so let's engage on this one join the extra
UUXOpLPKEQy-00180-00117976-00118472 awesome and I'm just gonna say awesome okay so now I've done my engagement on
UUXOpLPKEQy-00181-00118472-00119008 this person's post and normally I just go back and I close it and I just update this and say
UUXOpLPKEQy-00182-00119008-00119376 engage on this and on that so but what I'm going to do now I'm going to leave that
UUXOpLPKEQy-00183-00119376-00119808 there for now I'm going to talk about a loom so this is the tool that I'm talking about
UUXOpLPKEQy-00184-00119808-00120368 it basically lets you record a video and the way I've been using it is I basically
UUXOpLPKEQy-00185-00120368-00121200 go to the person's profile and recorder video so loon you just go to loom.com right so loom.com
UUXOpLPKEQy-00186-00121200-00121688 right you just go there and then you just say you know register with google or enter
UUXOpLPKEQy-00187-00121688-00122232 an email whatever they they first give you an advanced you know free trial kind of the
UUXOpLPKEQy-00188-00122232-00122688 advanced features but afterwards if you go down to the free account you have certain limits like
UUXOpLPKEQy-00189-00122688-00123216 five minute videos and things like that like for me that's fine but I might upgrade because it
UUXOpLPKEQy-00190-00123216-00123800 has a limit of 25 videos which I can always delete these if I don't need the I don't need to keep all
UUXOpLPKEQy-00191-00123800-00124440 the videos but the way it works is that you um you can just click on record new video here or
UUXOpLPKEQy-00192-00124440-00125080 record video down there or better because it allows you to switch tabs and things like that
UUXOpLPKEQy-00193-00125080-00125800 is I use uh the the plug-in so I've installed the plug-in right here there's a loom free screen
UUXOpLPKEQy-00194-00125800-00126559 recorder plug-in you install that and then you can use loom from the chrome browser on any tab so and
UUXOpLPKEQy-00195-00126559-00127183 this is kind of what I do I'm going to record one right now to kind of show you how I use this
UUXOpLPKEQy-00196-00127183-00127664 and why you're going to see like and afterwards we're going to explain why it's so powerful
UUXOpLPKEQy-00197-00127744-00128152 there's a couple of reasons but but we're going to explain why it's so powerful but before we
UUXOpLPKEQy-00198-00128152-00128711 do that I'm actually going to record one I'm going to turn this camera off because the loom needs the
UUXOpLPKEQy-00199-00128711-00129183 the camera to actually well I i use the camera to record myself on it too so you're going to
UUXOpLPKEQy-00200-00129183-00129600 see my little face there while I'm recording it and then we're going to we're going to show you
UUXOpLPKEQy-00201-00129600-00130080 what I do with that video so every time I want to contact somebody like abigail right here
UUXOpLPKEQy-00202-00130080-00130752 I'm actually going to contact her using loom video and you're going to see what I do with that
UUXOpLPKEQy-00203-00130752-00131072 and let's just start that right now let's turn the webcam off right here
UUXOpLPKEQy-00204-00131160-00131592 so then what I do is you I click on this little loom well you can't see it but there's a little
UUXOpLPKEQy-00205-00131592-00132144 loom icon on the top and it'll give you the option to get started you can see right there you click
UUXOpLPKEQy-00206-00132144-00132600 on start recording and then it'll give you a little three second countdown where you can then
UUXOpLPKEQy-00207-00132600-00133184 kind of wait and then start the recording when it does so you're gonna see what I do in a video for
UUXOpLPKEQy-00208-00133248-00133736 uh for abigail right here I'm gonna do a video for abigail and I'll show you how I use it so
UUXOpLPKEQy-00209-00133736-00134208 as you can tell right now I'm on her Facebook page right so I can probably make it about like
UUXOpLPKEQy-00210-00134208-00134720 this so I can see her face there and her name and her she can see kind of her cover picture right
UUXOpLPKEQy-00211-00134864-00135368 and you can resize this anyways you do a whole bunch of different things with loom too but
UUXOpLPKEQy-00212-00135368-00135808 the basics is the idea that you're going to see right now let's get started
UUXOpLPKEQy-00213-00135808-00136232 let's start the recording and I'm just going to do that right now I'm going to share the screen
UUXOpLPKEQy-00214-00136232-00136664 you can choose screens windows whatever and then I do that and then it'll say
UUXOpLPKEQy-00215-00136664-00137384 you know 321 and I'm going to start the recording right now to talk to advocate
UUXOpLPKEQy-00216-00137632-00138128 hey abigail I don't know what's going on I think my video isn't recording right you should I should
UUXOpLPKEQy-00217-00138128-00138632 be right there that's not working or there it's coming I think it's something to do with my
UUXOpLPKEQy-00218-00138632-00139136 computer's little slow happy dale sorry about that I just wanted to say hi and I wanted to
UUXOpLPKEQy-00219-00139136-00139704 let you know that I really enjoy your content I this is pretty cool that you're doing this
UUXOpLPKEQy-00220-00139704-00140224 summit right now um as you can see I don't know if you've noticed I've been engaging on your
UUXOpLPKEQy-00221-00140224-00140728 post right I've been engaging on your post just to kind of you know maybe get to know you and
UUXOpLPKEQy-00222-00140728-00141272 potentially hopefully you get to know me and I don't know if you know this but I've been using
UUXOpLPKEQy-00223-00141272-00142136 a tool to keep track of who I'm engaging with and how often I need to engage and it's basically how
UUXOpLPKEQy-00224-00142136-00142760 I grow my audience and you're hopefully one of my you know target market people
UUXOpLPKEQy-00225-00142760-00143280 and basically over here just kind of shows I just engaged on three posts I reacted on three post
UUXOpLPKEQy-00226-00143280-00143816 and I also contacted you so I'm going to send you this as a video then I just click on save and
UUXOpLPKEQy-00227-00143816-00144216 underneath here you're going to see this basically the list you're right here it says right here that
UUXOpLPKEQy-00228-00144216-00145096 I've visited you 20 times said this warner here visited 14 alice I visited 22 27 for anthony
UUXOpLPKEQy-00229-00145096-00145472 it kind of shows me how many times I've visited people right here you see the number that's there
UUXOpLPKEQy-00230-00145544-00146168 also shows me how many comments this person did in Facebook these are Facebook comments right here 29
UUXOpLPKEQy-00231-00146168-00146568 uh 27 well use it shows zero there's probably some sort of
UUXOpLPKEQy-00232-00146632-00147128 issue because you wouldn't be in the list if you didn't at least comment once in a post in a group
UUXOpLPKEQy-00233-00147128-00147696 that I'm using so this basically lets you go find people that are active in a group that
UUXOpLPKEQy-00234-00147696-00148136 you're interested in and I would really love for you to give this a try it's something I've
UUXOpLPKEQy-00235-00148136-00148720 been using for a while I created this extension and I really would love for you to take a look
UUXOpLPKEQy-00236-00148720-00149408 at it and you just reply back to this video here and let me know and uh and if I don't hear from
UUXOpLPKEQy-00237-00149408-00150144 you well I understand but hopefully I will and we'll see you in the conversation thanks
UUXOpLPKEQy-00238-00150552-00150920 all right so now I just cr created the pause here but I'm going to click the stop
UUXOpLPKEQy-00239-00150976-00151648 because I i want to I messed up because obviously I'm doing this and it's not exactly right that
UUXOpLPKEQy-00240-00151648-00152192 video that you see down there is not supposed to be that weird it's was slow probably because
UUXOpLPKEQy-00241-00152192-00152672 my computer is busy doing other things but I'm just going to stop this and then let's turn on
UUXOpLPKEQy-00242-00152672-00153264 the other webcam back on so you can kind of see me uh it's basically stopping let's turn the webcam
UUXOpLPKEQy-00243-00153264-00153936 back on all right so after you've recorded the video then what happens is it shows you
UUXOpLPKEQy-00244-00153936-00154512 kind of a preview of the video with a little preview of the video it's saving it right now
UUXOpLPKEQy-00245-00154584-00155224 normally the zero should not be here you can actually change the preview here which I don't I
UUXOpLPKEQy-00246-00155224-00155840 don't like that this is showing this uh let's see oh there you go okay so now it's showing me this
UUXOpLPKEQy-00247-00155904-00156584 and it should be showing me let's see uh I can probably trim it because I
UUXOpLPKEQy-00248-00156584-00157032 don't need the beginning right let's just take this beginning out of here
UUXOpLPKEQy-00249-00157296-00157672 let's let's so this is basically it's a whole video editor and everything else right so you
UUXOpLPKEQy-00250-00157672-00158184 can do all these different things um I didn't need to do that in the other
UUXOpLPKEQy-00251-00158184-00158664 ones I recorded because I because you know the computer wasn't doing other things like
UUXOpLPKEQy-00252-00158664-00159224 it's doing right now recording this episode right which takes up a lot of computer power
UUXOpLPKEQy-00253-00159304-00159856 so that's actually I'm going to pause the video come back when this is done
UUXOpLPKEQy-00254-00160048-00160456 all right well it's it's taking too long I just decided to cancel it anyways we'll just leave
UUXOpLPKEQy-00255-00160456-00160896 it like this normally it's going to be better it's going to have an actual this will be the beginning
UUXOpLPKEQy-00256-00160896-00161528 but so what I do is I just take this as copy this link and then I go to the person's profile
UUXOpLPKEQy-00257-00161528-00161960 and I send them a message and I just paste that in there and that's all that's all I do
UUXOpLPKEQy-00258-00162016-00162248 and there you go so I'm just going to paste that here
UUXOpLPKEQy-00259-00162400-00162888 and and obviously you might have had a conversation before with them like I i kind of did
UUXOpLPKEQy-00260-00162888-00163600 a little bit here but I don't always so now it'll show this which isn't exactly right but anyways
UUXOpLPKEQy-00261-00163600-00164264 uh normally like if I look at other messages I sent out you see I sent out a message to uh
UUXOpLPKEQy-00262-00164264-00164928 anthony right here who replied let's look at alice she didn't reply it so you'll see how it shows
UUXOpLPKEQy-00263-00164928-00165656 this video of her profile picture so now this is the secret this is the secret now before because
UUXOpLPKEQy-00264-00165728-00166272 well a couple of things right first let's go back to the the messages because you're doing
UUXOpLPKEQy-00265-00166272-00166632 your posting because you're getting them to know like and trust you because you're doing
UUXOpLPKEQy-00266-00166712-00167224 you're you're doing all the right things to get to that point when you send them a video about your
UUXOpLPKEQy-00267-00167224-00168504 offer which you can do using loom so send so so after so okay so send send them a video using loon
UUXOpLPKEQy-00268-00168504-00169272 or other tools I suppose but too loom is great because it's really easy so start start on there
UUXOpLPKEQy-00269-00169408-00170008 on their profile okay and the reason why you start on their profile is because the first
UUXOpLPKEQy-00270-00170008-00170608 image they're going to see on the video oh my my my face is in the way here right isn't it
UUXOpLPKEQy-00271-00170608-00171048 let's get that out of there put it up here instead so you see this message I
UUXOpLPKEQy-00272-00171048-00171536 sent to her to alice it's a picture of her profile if I go back to her profile
UUXOpLPKEQy-00273-00171608-00172080 you can see that that's what her Facebook profile looks like it's got this it's got her face it's
UUXOpLPKEQy-00274-00172080-00172760 got her name and whenever she looks at this this message in her in her inbox when she sees it she's
UUXOpLPKEQy-00275-00172760-00173160 going to be like oh I recognize that what is that so you got to make sure that you're sending it
UUXOpLPKEQy-00276-00173216-00173976 what with their profile to start with right so start on their profile then one to two minutes max
UUXOpLPKEQy-00277-00174336-00174880 so you do that on video of one to two minutes max start by
UUXOpLPKEQy-00278-00175160-00175752 telling them about them right so you got to say stuff about them now I like your
UUXOpLPKEQy-00279-00175752-00176240 profile I like how you're doing this and that whatever they're doing right um and I've been
UUXOpLPKEQy-00280-00176240-00177024 following and then tell them you know tell them tell them you've been following them
UUXOpLPKEQy-00281-00177328-00178272 following them and then talk about your offer talk about your offer so now here's a this is
UUXOpLPKEQy-00282-00178272-00178856 kind of the secret is that you got to make sure that you and then you know the exact wording and
UUXOpLPKEQy-00283-00178856-00179360 structure and obviously that will come over time it'll get better over time as you get better at
UUXOpLPKEQy-00284-00179360-00179832 you know figuring out what to say how to say it the sequence and all this stuff right
UUXOpLPKEQy-00285-00179888-00180360 obviously it's change it's going to change but what happens then is after you've done
UUXOpLPKEQy-00286-00180360-00180928 that right so now I've gotten this I can just go back to my loom my loom page which has all
UUXOpLPKEQy-00287-00180928-00181520 my videos I just reload to show you these and the other thing that's really cool about loom
UUXOpLPKEQy-00288-00181576-00182016 is that because it's really meant for well I don't know I don't know if it's meant for what
UUXOpLPKEQy-00289-00182016-00182488 I'm using it for what I'm telling you to use it for but the cool thing about it is that right here
UUXOpLPKEQy-00290-00182576-00182976 you see how it says notifications right here and I click on this
UUXOpLPKEQy-00291-00183072-00183648 it'll tell me that I think it's anthony that looked at it yeah anthony watched his video
UUXOpLPKEQy-00292-00183648-00184280 right he watched this video and obviously it's him because he's the only one I sent it to right
UUXOpLPKEQy-00293-00184336-00184808 um and then there's these other other messages right that were watched by others whatever these
UUXOpLPKEQy-00294-00184808-00185608 are older older notifications we go back to home here whoops no library I go back to there you
UUXOpLPKEQy-00295-00185608-00186072 can see now the video I sent anthony right here it says there's two watches right two
UUXOpLPKEQy-00296-00186072-00186696 two watches this one has five oh no it had didn't it looked like it had five anyways alice hasn't
UUXOpLPKEQy-00297-00186696-00187200 watched it yet I guess but you'll see that here and that's really this that's really
UUXOpLPKEQy-00298-00187200-00187832 the simplest way I guess the most powerful way to get people to look at your offers have
UUXOpLPKEQy-00299-00187832-00188328 them especially if you're on Facebook obviously if you were on Instagram or LinkedIn or other
UUXOpLPKEQy-00300-00188328-00188848 other social platforms you'd use that profile to start the video but you can do the same thing I'm
UUXOpLPKEQy-00301-00188848-00189336 not sure about Instagram I know in LinkedIn you can share a link and it'll show a preview as well
UUXOpLPKEQy-00302-00189440-00190088 so that's the other thing right so it's it's all about what how you use it all right that's what
UUXOpLPKEQy-00303-00190088-00190784 it is that's what it is to get people to actually check out your offers by making it so that they
UUXOpLPKEQy-00304-00190848-00191392 get to know you first so they like you and trust you and then when they see your video you make it
UUXOpLPKEQy-00305-00191392-00191896 so that it's like a video of them and they're more likely to look at it than afterwards at
UUXOpLPKEQy-00306-00191896-00192544 least they'll be interested potentially in hearing more about your offer all right until next time
UUXOpLPKEQy-00307-00192712-00193216 This has been Course Income Secrets, the entrepreneur's blueprint to generating
UUXOpLPKEQy-00308-00193216-00193624 income from the e-learning boom! Some of your friends need to hear this message,
UUXOpLPKEQy-00309-00193624-00194160 so don't forget to share. For more content like this, go to CourseIncomeSecrets.com
UUXOpLPKEQy-00310-00194160-00194784 and make sure to subscribe and follow us here. My name is Jean-Serge Gagnon, until next time...
UX36u1sunuA-00000-00000672-00001265 When disaster or emergency strike that cause major damage to your home ow work place such
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UX36u1sunuA-00002-00001873-00002441 So, if you are looking for the best professional, reliable and affordable fire or water damage
UX36u1sunuA-00003-00002441-00002565 restoration repair company.
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UZSC6Zi7wGA-00000-00000071-00000501 Welcome to this insightful video on ending turnover in your law firm.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00001-00000563-00001292 I'm Rory, and today we'll be discussing in-depth solutions to reduce employee turnover, based on insights
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00002-00001293-00001542 from legal marketing expert Andrew Stickel.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00003-00001616-00002085 Let's dive into these strategies and create a stable, thriving work environment
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00004-00002202-00002879 First, let's discuss the importance of developing a positive work culture within your law firm, with
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00005-00002880-00003014 three simple steps.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00006-00003144-00003686 Clear Communication: Ensure open and transparent communication within your firm.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00007-00003748-00004408 Encourage employees to voice their concerns and ideas, fostering a supportive and collaborative environment.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00008-00004447-00005127 Recognition and Appreciation: Recognize and appreciate the hard work and dedication of your employees.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00009-00005187-00005805 Regularly provide feedback and celebrate their achievements to boost morale and job satisfaction.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00010-00005865-00006588 Instead of offering just small gifts or token gestures, go the extra mile and provide substantial rewards
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00011-00006589-00006719 that reflect their efforts.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00012-00006760-00007514 and Work-Life Balance: Promote a healthy work-life balance by offering flexible working hours, remote
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00013-00007515-00007981 work options, and encouraging employees to take breaks and vacations.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00014-00008112-00008638 The next section would be exploring the significance of investing in the growth and development of your
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00015-00008639-00008712 employees
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00016-00008834-00009490 Training and Development: Provide ongoing training and development opportunities for your employees.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00017-00009550-00010049 This not only improves their skills but also demonstrates your commitment to their growth.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00018-00010090-00010643 Career Advancement: Create clear paths for career advancement within your law firm.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00019-00010704-00011355 Offer promotions and increased responsibilities to motivate employees and showcase growth opportunities.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00020-00011395-00012169 and Mentorship Programs: Establish mentorship programs within your firm, pairing experienced attorneys with
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00021-00012170-00012273 junior employees.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00022-00012333-00012731 This helps build relationships and fosters a sense of belonging.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00023-00012862-00013571 Lastly, let's discuss the importance of offering competitive compensation and benefits packages to retain your
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00024-00013572-00013659 employees
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00025-00013781-00014519 Fair Compensation: Offer competitive salaries that reflect the expertise and experience of your employees
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00026-00014570-00015102 Regularly review and adjust compensation packages to stay in line with industry standards.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00027-00015143-00015963 Benefits and Perks: Provide a comprehensive benefits package, including health insurance, retirement plans,
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00028-00015963-00016068 and paid time off.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00029-00016128-00016875 Consider offering additional perks like gym memberships or wellness programs to further enhance employee satisfaction
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00030-00016907-00017788 and Lastly, Performance-Based Incentives: Implement performance-based incentives, such as bonuses or profit-sharing
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00031-00017788-00017842 plans.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00032-00017903-00018517 Reward high-achieving attorneys with generous bonuses to show them the true value of their contributions,
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00033-00018517-00018812 rather than offering inexpensive gifts or treats.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00034-00018873-00019554 This sends a strong message that their hard work is truly appreciated and encourages them to continue
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00035-00019555-00019673 performing at their best .
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00036-00019801-00020499 By implementing these in-depth solutions, you can reduce turnover in your law firm and create a stable,
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00037-00020499-00020647 thriving work environment.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00038-00020708-00021369 Retaining top talent is crucial for the success of your firm, so it's essential to prioritize employee
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00039-00021370-00021518 satisfaction and growth.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00040-00021577-00022356 For more insights or assistance, feel free to reach out to Jonathan at JonathanAlmawi.com , or check out
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00041-00022357-00022607 the valuable advice from Andrew Stickel.
UZSC6Zi7wGA-00042-00022669-00023294 Thanks for watching, and don't forget to like, share, and subscribe for more valuable insights
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00000-00000010-00000280 WEIMANN.
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00001-00000280-00000286 WEIMANN.  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00002-00000286-00000453 WEIMANN. >>> MANY STUDENTS ENJOY BEING
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00003-00000453-00000460 WEIMANN. >>> MANY STUDENTS ENJOY BEING  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00004-00000460-00000577 WEIMANN. >>> MANY STUDENTS ENJOY BEING OFF FROM SCHOOL FOR THE LONG MEA
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00005-00000577-00000583 >>> MANY STUDENTS ENJOY BEING OFF FROM SCHOOL FOR THE LONG MEA  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00006-00000583-00000737 >>> MANY STUDENTS ENJOY BEING OFF FROM SCHOOL FOR THE LONG MEA WEEKEND, BUT 50 BEMIDJI HIGH
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00007-00000737-00000744 OFF FROM SCHOOL FOR THE LONG MEA WEEKEND, BUT 50 BEMIDJI HIGH  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00008-00000744-00000857 OFF FROM SCHOOL FOR THE LONG MEA WEEKEND, BUT 50 BEMIDJI HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS HAVE BEEN
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00009-00000857-00000864 WEEKEND, BUT 50 BEMIDJI HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS HAVE BEEN  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00010-00000864-00001004 WEEKEND, BUT 50 BEMIDJI HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS HAVE BEEN PUTTING IN MARATHON HOURS
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00011-00001004-00001011 SCHOOL STUDENTS HAVE BEEN PUTTING IN MARATHON HOURS  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00012-00001011-00001154 SCHOOL STUDENTS HAVE BEEN PUTTING IN MARATHON HOURS LEARNING CHOREOGRAPHY.
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00013-00001154-00001161 PUTTING IN MARATHON HOURS LEARNING CHOREOGRAPHY.  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00014-00001161-00001297 PUTTING IN MARATHON HOURS LEARNING CHOREOGRAPHY. MEMBERS OF THE BEMIDJI HIGH
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00015-00001297-00001304 LEARNING CHOREOGRAPHY. MEMBERS OF THE BEMIDJI HIGH  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00016-00001304-00001424 LEARNING CHOREOGRAPHY. MEMBERS OF THE BEMIDJI HIGH SCHOOL VOCALMOTIVE SHOW CHOIR
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00017-00001424-00001431 MEMBERS OF THE BEMIDJI HIGH SCHOOL VOCALMOTIVE SHOW CHOIR  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00018-00001431-00001581 MEMBERS OF THE BEMIDJI HIGH SCHOOL VOCALMOTIVE SHOW CHOIR HAVE BEEN LEARNING CHOREOGRAPHY
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00019-00001581-00001588 SCHOOL VOCALMOTIVE SHOW CHOIR HAVE BEEN LEARNING CHOREOGRAPHY  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00020-00001588-00001721 SCHOOL VOCALMOTIVE SHOW CHOIR HAVE BEEN LEARNING CHOREOGRAPHY FOR THIS YEAR'S COMPETITIVE SHOW
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00021-00001721-00001728 HAVE BEEN LEARNING CHOREOGRAPHY FOR THIS YEAR'S COMPETITIVE SHOW  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00022-00001728-00001868 HAVE BEEN LEARNING CHOREOGRAPHY FOR THIS YEAR'S COMPETITIVE SHOW TITLED "DERAILED."
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00023-00001868-00001875 FOR THIS YEAR'S COMPETITIVE SHOW TITLED "DERAILED."  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00024-00001875-00002055 FOR THIS YEAR'S COMPETITIVE SHOW TITLED "DERAILED." THE DANCE MOVES COME FROM
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00025-00002055-00002062 TITLED "DERAILED." THE DANCE MOVES COME FROM  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00026-00002062-00002188 TITLED "DERAILED." THE DANCE MOVES COME FROM PROFESSIONAL CHOREOGRAPHER APRIL
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00027-00002188-00002195 THE DANCE MOVES COME FROM PROFESSIONAL CHOREOGRAPHER APRIL  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00028-00002195-00002325 THE DANCE MOVES COME FROM PROFESSIONAL CHOREOGRAPHER APRIL JAMES WHO FLEW IN FROM
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00029-00002325-00002332 PROFESSIONAL CHOREOGRAPHER APRIL JAMES WHO FLEW IN FROM  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00030-00002332-00002455 PROFESSIONAL CHOREOGRAPHER APRIL JAMES WHO FLEW IN FROM LOS ANGELES JUST TO WORK WITH
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00031-00002455-00002462 JAMES WHO FLEW IN FROM LOS ANGELES JUST TO WORK WITH  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00032-00002462-00002545 JAMES WHO FLEW IN FROM LOS ANGELES JUST TO WORK WITH THE GROUP.
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00033-00002545-00002552 LOS ANGELES JUST TO WORK WITH THE GROUP.  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00034-00002552-00002706 LOS ANGELES JUST TO WORK WITH THE GROUP. WHILE IT IS A LOT OF LONG HOURS,
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00035-00002706-00002712 THE GROUP. WHILE IT IS A LOT OF LONG HOURS,  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00036-00002712-00002866 THE GROUP. WHILE IT IS A LOT OF LONG HOURS, THIS LONG WEEKEND IS CRUCIAL FOR
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00037-00002866-00002872 WHILE IT IS A LOT OF LONG HOURS, THIS LONG WEEKEND IS CRUCIAL FOR  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00038-00002872-00002986 WHILE IT IS A LOT OF LONG HOURS, THIS LONG WEEKEND IS CRUCIAL FOR GETTING SHOW CHOIR READY FOR
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00039-00002986-00002992 THIS LONG WEEKEND IS CRUCIAL FOR GETTING SHOW CHOIR READY FOR  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00040-00002992-00003436 THIS LONG WEEKEND IS CRUCIAL FOR GETTING SHOW CHOIR READY FOR THEIR SEASON.
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00041-00003436-00003443 GETTING SHOW CHOIR READY FOR THEIR SEASON.  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00042-00003443-00003596 GETTING SHOW CHOIR READY FOR THEIR SEASON. >> IT'S A HUGE WEEKEND.
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00043-00003596-00003603 THEIR SEASON. >> IT'S A HUGE WEEKEND.  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00044-00003603-00003843 THEIR SEASON. >> IT'S A HUGE WEEKEND. AFTER THIS, WE START REHEARSING
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00045-00003843-00003850 >> IT'S A HUGE WEEKEND. AFTER THIS, WE START REHEARSING  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00046-00003850-00004047 >> IT'S A HUGE WEEKEND. AFTER THIS, WE START REHEARSING AFTER SCHOOL AND GETTING READY
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00047-00004047-00004054 AFTER THIS, WE START REHEARSING AFTER SCHOOL AND GETTING READY  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00048-00004054-00004174 AFTER THIS, WE START REHEARSING AFTER SCHOOL AND GETTING READY TO PERFORM.
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00049-00004174-00004180 AFTER SCHOOL AND GETTING READY TO PERFORM.  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00050-00004180-00004297 AFTER SCHOOL AND GETTING READY TO PERFORM. BUT THIS JUST KIND OF SETS THE
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00051-00004297-00004304 TO PERFORM. BUT THIS JUST KIND OF SETS THE  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00052-00004304-00004354 TO PERFORM. BUT THIS JUST KIND OF SETS THE PACE.
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00053-00004354-00004361 BUT THIS JUST KIND OF SETS THE PACE.  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00054-00004361-00004864 BUT THIS JUST KIND OF SETS THE PACE. THIS IS AN INCREDIBLY GOOD TEAM
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00055-00004864-00004871 PACE. THIS IS AN INCREDIBLY GOOD TEAM  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00056-00004871-00005208 PACE. THIS IS AN INCREDIBLY GOOD TEAM THIS YEAR WITH THE ATTITUDES.
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00057-00005208-00005215 THIS IS AN INCREDIBLY GOOD TEAM THIS YEAR WITH THE ATTITUDES.  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00058-00005215-00005418 THIS IS AN INCREDIBLY GOOD TEAM THIS YEAR WITH THE ATTITUDES. IT'S A YOUNG TEAM, A LOT OF KIDS
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00059-00005418-00005425 THIS YEAR WITH THE ATTITUDES. IT'S A YOUNG TEAM, A LOT OF KIDS  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00060-00005425-00005558 THIS YEAR WITH THE ATTITUDES. IT'S A YOUNG TEAM, A LOT OF KIDS BUT A REALLY FRESH FEELING IN
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00061-00005558-00005565 IT'S A YOUNG TEAM, A LOT OF KIDS BUT A REALLY FRESH FEELING IN  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00062-00005565-00005598 IT'S A YOUNG TEAM, A LOT OF KIDS BUT A REALLY FRESH FEELING IN THERE.
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00063-00005598-00005605 BUT A REALLY FRESH FEELING IN THERE.  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00064-00005605-00005769 BUT A REALLY FRESH FEELING IN THERE. THE KIDS ARE REALLY EXCITED.
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00065-00005769-00005775 THERE. THE KIDS ARE REALLY EXCITED.  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00066-00005775-00005845 THERE. THE KIDS ARE REALLY EXCITED. >>Dennis:  MONDAY WILL BE THE
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00067-00005845-00005852 THE KIDS ARE REALLY EXCITED. >>Dennis:  MONDAY WILL BE THE  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00068-00005852-00005929 THE KIDS ARE REALLY EXCITED. >>Dennis:  MONDAY WILL BE THE PUBLIC'S FIRST CHANCE TO HEAR
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00069-00005929-00005935 >>Dennis:  MONDAY WILL BE THE PUBLIC'S FIRST CHANCE TO HEAR  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00070-00005935-00006056 >>Dennis:  MONDAY WILL BE THE PUBLIC'S FIRST CHANCE TO HEAR MEMBERS OF THE CHOIR PROGRAM
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00071-00006056-00006062 PUBLIC'S FIRST CHANCE TO HEAR MEMBERS OF THE CHOIR PROGRAM  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00072-00006062-00006169 PUBLIC'S FIRST CHANCE TO HEAR MEMBERS OF THE CHOIR PROGRAM PERFORM DURING THEIR ANNUAL FALL
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00073-00006169-00006176 MEMBERS OF THE CHOIR PROGRAM PERFORM DURING THEIR ANNUAL FALL  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00074-00006176-00006299 MEMBERS OF THE CHOIR PROGRAM PERFORM DURING THEIR ANNUAL FALL CONCERT.
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00075-00006299-00006306 PERFORM DURING THEIR ANNUAL FALL CONCERT.  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00076-00006306-00006559 PERFORM DURING THEIR ANNUAL FALL CONCERT. THE CONCERT WILL BEGIN AT 7:30
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00077-00006559-00006566 CONCERT. THE CONCERT WILL BEGIN AT 7:30  
Ubkh2Y9RDdA-00078-00006566-00006609 CONCERT. THE CONCERT WILL BEGIN AT 7:30 IN THE BHS PERFORMING ARTS
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00000-00000024-00000066 [Music]
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00001-00000066-00001350 Alan Agresti has a reputation for being a fantastic textbook author. He is probably best
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00002-00001350-00001896 known for Categorical Data Analysis. Having read "Categorical Data Analysis" and "Foundations of
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00003-00001896-00002460 Linear and Generalized Linear Models" my opinion is that the later is his crowning achievement. Now
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00004-00002460-00003018 this is a little like comparing apples and oranges because the topics are different. Have have so
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00005-00003018-00003420 many positive feelings about this book. I love the matrix approach to many of his derivations.
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00006-00003420-00003888 I like the full notes section at the end of each of his chapters. Taking time to explore
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00007-00003888-00004410 some topics further and allow myself to get lost in some of his notes paid dividends. It is a good
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00008-00004410-00004962 way to become generally informed with statistics overall. I would say his end-of-chapter notes are
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00009-00004962-00005484 comparable in quality to what would be found in Computer Age Statistical Inference. I think the
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00010-00005484-00005994 exercises are useful. At the end of the book he has a list of exercises for the reader to work out
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00011-00005994-00006509 in R. I think that this is a good way to review the entire book. It is as if he is inviting the
Ue7b_g6qmmI-00012-00006509-00007002 reader to have one last skim of the book and apply what was learned with the data sets he provides.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00000-00000286-00001713 Mathieu Hofman: All right. Welcome to the Sess meeting today. We will have a short of date from Kari on a shadow realm, and then have a discussion on import assertions, Kennedy. There you go.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00001-00001782-00002738 caridy: Yeah, so it does a very quick one. So we have been talking about the global opted being a an event target.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00002-00002796-00004580 caridy: It it seems that implementers are okay with with that idea. They also propose to be more basic, based on existing or prior art. On these. They propose that the global application have a prototype
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00003-00004606-00005713 caridy: that is mutable, which is different from what there is today. Today. They, the window prototype, and all the proto chain all the way to the event target is is not mutable.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00004-00005739-00006112 caridy: not configurable. So they're proposing that that
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00005-00006236-00006365 MarkM: sure
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00006-00006389-00007300 MarkM: the the reason it was made non mutable was because of a frankly bizarre security concern. But it was a security concern.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00007-00007433-00007768 MarkM: Has that concern security, concern gone away?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00008-00008012-00008188 caridy: No, that I know all.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00009-00008302-00008478 caridy: I I believe
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00010-00008577-00009391 caridy: so. I believe they. The security concern is not a problem with shadow wrong, but I might be grown here.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00011-00009394-00010343 caridy: so you can provide more details. Maybe we can talk about it. But the the assumption that we have what the requirement that we have, or a shadow round is that the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00012-00010369-00011032 caridy: global update. It can be used to virtualize environment, and therefore you cannot have any unfortunate.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00013-00011042-00011201 caridy: including the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00014-00011211-00012108 caridy: and as a result of that, you think that they are okay with the global to have a underscores.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00015-00012111-00012557 caridy: a an update that has these.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00016-00012564-00012909 caridy: You can target in 10 my slots.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00017-00012925-00013396 caridy: And then who's on the score of the score proto is the event target for the time.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00018-00013419-00013555 MarkM: That's a
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00019-00013556-00014619 MarkM: okay good. I think you're right. Let me let me recall what what little I remember about what the security concern was it had to do with
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00020-00015086-00015910 MarkM: starting a starting? A you know, a page or a frame as and person HTML
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00021-00015944-00016435 MarkM: and the whole browser type sniffing thing.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00022-00016779-00017382 MarkM: I I cannot remember the details of the exploit, but I think, since Shadow, since the shadow realm
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00023-00017408-00017539 MarkM: is never
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00024-00017662-00018864 MarkM: is, is never even in a browser context. created such that there is an uncontrolled parsing of HTML before anything happens with the set shadow.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00025-00018888-00019172 MarkM: It's not like creating an I frame.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00026-00019193-00020387 caridy: I think I think that the the security concern does not apply to shadow all the security issue. Was that because the window remains the same
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00027-00020451-00021924 caridy: October. the the you changing the prototype, the on the screen. That's got all the window proxy. If you were able to change that, what happened when you not Reg. To a new page.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00028-00021937-00022980 Daniel Ehrenberg: Oh, it's not about navigating. It's about loading script Well, navigating might be part of it, but it's also about having script tags, and
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00029-00022998-00023451 Daniel Ehrenberg: which could be in the case of a worker from like import script
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00030-00023499-00023659 Daniel Ehrenberg: which
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00031-00023687-00024942 Daniel Ehrenberg: you use as a way, or it could be through import. You. Could you could access this through dynamic import, this behavior where you get some cross origin resource and you execute it. And by looking at the error you can see
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00032-00024951-00025491 Daniel Ehrenberg: what that contained. So I think, if we still allow import to bubble up to host import.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00033-00025512-00026245 Daniel Ehrenberg: this issue applies. But I don't I really I I missed some context here. Why, we're zooming in on this particular issue.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00034-00026285-00026791 Daniel Ehrenberg: What? What is the semantics that we would adopt that that puts this at risk at all.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00035-00026820-00027308 Daniel Ehrenberg: Why wouldn't we just make an immutable prototype chain for the global object in the shadow? Wrong case?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00036-00027532-00027868 caridy: Why, we will not put it as immutable. You said.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00037-00027870-00028137 Daniel Ehrenberg: Yeah, yeah, why wouldn't we just apply the same thing
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00038-00028151-00028758 Daniel Ehrenberg: right? If If it is a mutable, then you kind of virtualize that global often you cannot.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00039-00028776-00028894 Daniel Ehrenberg: Let's just do that.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00040-00028972-00030181 MarkM: I would prefer if we're not. If there's not actually a security concern. And since the whole immutable global object thing was never a javascript
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00041-00030224-00030956 MarkM: Oriented concern. We always to deal with the browser problem, the shadow realms Don't have the browser problem. I would
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00042-00030960-00031711 Daniel Ehrenberg: I don't see how they avoid this problem, because the problem was all about
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00043-00031722-00032639 Daniel Ehrenberg: importing scripts. They were from another origin, and being able to get some of the contents of that script by looking at the error throne.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00044-00032819-00033435 Daniel Ehrenberg: because you do the 2 things that aren't scripts. And so this would be a privilege escalation.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00045-00033439-00033704 Daniel Ehrenberg: because you're not supposed to be able to
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00046-00033730-00034223 Daniel Ehrenberg: just do a fetch to another origin. That's a violation of the same origin policy.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00047-00034444-00035121 MarkM: How how does this come? I mean, shadow?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00048-00035144-00036510 Daniel Ehrenberg: This is not about parsing HTML, the air, the the security issue. And I know this because I like championed making the prototype chain of the global object immutable for this particular purpose, so that I can ship proxies
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00049-00036511-00036642 Daniel Ehrenberg: in 8
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00050-00036830-00037029 Daniel Ehrenberg: The
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00051-00037032-00037562 MarkM: how does cross origin? Script execution arise if you're not parsing HTML
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00052-00037643-00037869 Daniel Ehrenberg: through an import dynamic import.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00053-00038058-00038951 caridy: So you doing inside the shadow Room? You're saying because i'm doing a with a string value that points to a cross origin
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00054-00039139-00039782 caridy: patching and executing something from an order
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00055-00039785-00040120 caridy: origin, because I have some
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00056-00040143-00040523 caridy: mechanism plays that prevent me
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00057-00040527-00040968 caridy: from that to happen, I will be able to capture that. What you're saying.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00058-00041140-00041648 Daniel Ehrenberg: Yeah. So sometimes the other origin might be configured. Even with all the course stuff
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00059-00041651-00042725 Daniel Ehrenberg: that HTML does correctly for fetching scripts. It was considered that sometimes another origin might leak information in like a random text file, fetch.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00060-00042740-00043103 Daniel Ehrenberg: and that you could address any kind of script thing to
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00061-00043139-00043314 Daniel Ehrenberg: to to that.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00062-00043548-00043847 Daniel Ehrenberg: I think. Oh, wait! Maybe this was unique to
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00063-00043956-00044209 Daniel Ehrenberg: Oh, sorry. This was unique to script.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00064-00044230-00044797 Daniel Ehrenberg: backing up a lot. This is unique to script tags and not to imports, because
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00065-00044809-00045531 Daniel Ehrenberg: when you import a module. It takes the Mime type, and when you use a script run it does not take the Mime type.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00066-00045532-00046232 Daniel Ehrenberg: all right, but that's but this is
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00067-00046515-00046588 Daniel Ehrenberg: Okay.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00068-00046691-00047886 Daniel Ehrenberg: that was the crux of it. Sorry for my confusion. There were several different issues that about HTML integration, right? We we should go over like all of them while we're talking about this
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00069-00047965-00048542 caridy: that would be great, because I'm. Completely unfamiliar with the HTML side of shadow realms
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00070-00048624-00049297 Daniel Ehrenberg: like one of the issues was which things are we going to expose? And what is our rationale for that?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00071-00049323-00050742 caridy: Yeah, but that. But maybe it's that's maybe a step. So the first one is that we have any concerns about what they are proposing to do, which is a a proto chain that is configurable, and the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00072-00050761-00051390 caridy: intermediate update was going to be the one that will have it to a stream
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00073-00051629-00052260 caridy: behavior to print out, shut around global update if you try to make it to.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00074-00052314-00053305 caridy: and then that one will inherit from a event target prototype. Do we have any?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00075-00053407-00053825 caridy: Yes, I can link it to it. You've got to find it.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00076-00054216-00055532 MarkM: Walker is doing that I just want to make sure that i'm understanding the conclusion of that previous discussion that it does have to do with parceling HTML and particular script tags because of the sniffing behavior.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00077-00055551-00055733 MarkM: and that because
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00078-00055735-00056245 MarkM: dynamic import only does modules, not scripts.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00079-00056253-00056899 MarkM: modules, Ha! Are are not, are based on Lyme types, not sniffed.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00080-00056909-00057105 MarkM: not sniffing at content.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00081-00057116-00057995 Daniel Ehrenberg: So therefore the concern does not arise. Is that the conclusion? Be clear? We're not talking about sniffing that doesn't come into this. We're just talking about not taking the Mime type.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00082-00058082-00058780 Daniel Ehrenberg: The when you have a script tag it doesn't decide what to do, based on like reading some of the contents of the script. It just ignores the Mime type.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00083-00058807-00059434 Daniel Ehrenberg: I see. I see there are other things where sniffing comes into play. Okay.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00084-00059538-00060659 MarkM: Okay. And so so in this case it just comes down to scripts, ignore mind types, modules, don't, and imports, can only import modules, not scripts, and therefore
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00085-00060669-00061070 MarkM: the security issue does not apply to shadow around. Is that the conclusion?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00086-00061083-00061839 Daniel Ehrenberg: I think so. But I also like the idea of making a global object still immutable.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00087-00061840-00062200 Daniel Ehrenberg: Let me let me catch up on this thread.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00088-00062625-00063215 caridy: This is the one. So all the comments below it's just saying that this is the way to go.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00089-00063253-00063399 caridy: but basically
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00090-00063415-00064409 caridy: which is a who's for on the score of the will point to shadow round global scope for the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00091-00064574-00065051 caridy: who's on profits will be constructed, and the to strengthen.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00092-00065077-00066238 caridy: and you will in point to on the score to the event target with all the things that we have today, and then that we had it from.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00093-00066241-00066471 caridy: That's kind of
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00094-00066496-00067037 caridy: the the the the reason why we need this intermediate one
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00095-00067053-00068239 caridy: is because otherwise we'll have a a global update that we need to do to string on it it it it will print out event target. So it's like this one.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00096-00068424-00068930 Daniel Ehrenberg: Yeah, you know, I think we should do the web platform usual pattern.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00097-00069362-00069646 Daniel Ehrenberg: So I agree with the other people here.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00098-00069780-00070445 Daniel Ehrenberg: and we could define this this with web idl where we make an actual show room global
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00099-00070460-00070580 Daniel Ehrenberg: interface
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00100-00070675-00071305 Daniel Ehrenberg: that we say just do the steps. For you know, initializing an instance of that interface.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00101-00071590-00072069 caridy: I was trying to to work with Daniel on that. But I didn't really have any time
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00102-00072198-00072444 recycled to work on this
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00103-00072460-00072876 caridy: the last few weeks, and I don't inspect I will have any on the next few weeks.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00104-00073051-00073501 caridy: So any any objective comments on this particular topic.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00105-00073878-00073957 Mathieu Hofman: Nope.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00106-00073982-00074062 caridy: Okay, perfect.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00107-00074150-00074551 MarkM: So the conclusion is that
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00108-00074573-00075256 MarkM: the prototype chain is mutable which enables emulation of hosts
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00109-00075275-00075726 MarkM: that do not ha that that have other natures of global object.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00110-00075778-00075897 Go ahead. Okay.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00111-00075924-00076263 Mathieu Hofman: Yeah, it means you can get rid of all the even target stuff if you want
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00112-00076280-00076358 MarkM: Great
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00113-00076377-00076461 caridy: Yup.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00114-00076843-00077157 Daniel Ehrenberg: So
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00115-00077241-00078275 Daniel Ehrenberg: good. So that's one aspect. We were also. Does this mean that when you have an unhandled rejection happening within the shadow realm, then it gets triggers. That
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00116-00078315-00078656 Daniel Ehrenberg: shadow realms an annual rejection event.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00117-00078661-00080021 Mathieu Hofman: So what we, I think the last discussion, and correctly, i'm wrong already. But the last part of the discussion was that unhandled rejection Propagation is currently broken anyway. For example, between a worker and
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00118-00080038-00081965 Mathieu Hofman: and the main thread and shadow realm is not gonna try to fix it, because there are. There are issues about the promise identity that that are needed for the the handlers, that we cannot provide it through the boundary right now, so we'll need to figure out a way to handle this.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00119-00081970-00082081 Mathieu Hofman: Appropriate it.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00120-00082132-00082577 Daniel Ehrenberg: Sorry when you say broken, you mean it, Doesn't. Propagate from one video
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00121-00082586-00084284 Daniel Ehrenberg: correct that doesn't sound broken to me. I think if we shadow around being an event target means that it can have its own unhandled rejection handler, and that the promises rejected from inside the shadow room would go to that, and that seems like
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00122-00084315-00084596 Daniel Ehrenberg: how we would want it to work.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00123-00084648-00084727 Daniel Ehrenberg: I was.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00124-00084808-00085065 Mathieu Hofman: Yes, what's that?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00125-00085132-00085672 Mathieu Hofman: Was that gonna be possible? By the way, it wasn't going to be possible if it wasn't an event target.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00126-00085685-00086176 Daniel Ehrenberg: because then they error be reported to it. I mean, this also applies for exceptions
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00127-00086199-00086467 Daniel Ehrenberg: unhandled, the exceptions thrown in the shadow room
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00128-00086516-00087534 caridy: that one will those who will find and those will work fine with the semantics, but they will, they will. They will propagate
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00129-00087551-00089091 Daniel Ehrenberg: if they're not handled. Will it call window that on air on the shadow room, or we'll call window that on air. On the closing thing it will first call. I I believe it's going to be the same behavior as worker, which is, it will first call the window on there in the shadow.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00130-00089091-00089593 Mathieu Hofman: and if that doesn't handle it, it will provide it up to the parents well
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00131-00089623-00090740 Daniel Ehrenberg: or to that. No, no, we doesn't go through our list. It just goes back immediately. The
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00132-00090806-00091156 caridy: and there is an issue with that. Yes, it's written down that issue.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00133-00091175-00091242 Mathieu Hofman: Yeah.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00134-00091574-00091946 Mathieu Hofman: it's been a few months, so i'm a little bit details. But
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00135-00092241-00092570 Daniel Ehrenberg: so this is your comment from November 20 ninth, where
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00136-00092692-00093214 Daniel Ehrenberg: I don't. I don't see where the conclusion about this is written.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00137-00093426-00093794 Daniel Ehrenberg: Okay, Anyway, if we agree on that, then that sounds good.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00138-00093975-00094403 caridy: Yeah. So I I have a comment on December 14
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00139-00094427-00094997 caridy: that those were the notes from the discussion here about that particular aspect of it.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00140-00095202-00095461 caridy: but no conclusion on that one but this.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00141-00095894-00096611 Daniel Ehrenberg: So below your comment from that there. Dominique then suggests that there should be this intermediate prototype object
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00142-00096747-00096955 Daniel Ehrenberg: which is like the Shadow Room
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00143-00097075-00097254 Daniel Ehrenberg: type of thing, prototype.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00144-00097328-00097786 Daniel Ehrenberg: and that makes sense to me, and that's where like things like structured phone would live.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00145-00097871-00098082 Daniel Ehrenberg: Does that seem reasonable to you?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00146-00098327-00098719 Daniel Ehrenberg: Or I mean, maybe not structured clone, but 2 string tag at least
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00147-00098839-00099872 caridy: the string tide. Yes, the I would think about that. What? Why do you think that that will be there? Oh, because just because I got myself confused.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00148-00099952-00100105 Daniel Ehrenberg: So
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00149-00100361-00100646 Daniel Ehrenberg: okay, great. I'm happy with this design.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00150-00100999-00101782 caridy: Then the last thing I think the Daniel mentioned is that we need to figure a better way to explain
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00151-00101784-00102730 caridy: what should be added to the shadow wrong on what should not be added to the Channel, and the main discussion between that and me, and being about fetch I
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00152-00102834-00103449 Daniel Ehrenberg: the example that Anna brought up wasn't about Fitch. It was about different event types
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00153-00103463-00104896 Daniel Ehrenberg: with, and it kind of making the argument. Either we should include all the events, or none of them. But the event constructor itself doesn't do any I. O. So. The question was, why in the current draft. It included some, but not others.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00154-00105033-00105254 MarkM: And to clarify, we're talking about
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00155-00105264-00106406 Daniel Ehrenberg: the graph of the HTML integration of shadow realm, not the graph, not the ecograph Yeah, the excellent draft everyone's happy with, I think. Okay, Great thanks
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00156-00106639-00107009 caridy: that that we discussed this here. And then it was not here at that time.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00157-00107021-00107397 caridy: We, with our position. Was
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00158-00107400-00109242 caridy: we really don't care if it is there. If it should be, it should be mutable. That's all we really care about, and if they want to, whatever they want to add. That's fine. But Daniel has some. I just think we have to come up with a concrete suggestion
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00159-00109275-00109906 Daniel Ehrenberg: and write down the logic around it. That's what they're asking us to do.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00160-00110000-00110579 caridy: And part of the discussion with Daniel was about prior these questions around I O,
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00161-00110610-00110855 caridy: and how we want to prevent I/O
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00162-00110860-00111554 caridy: from happening in the shadow around at some point. I think we dropped our bones in. Well, it is. And
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00163-00111627-00112069 Daniel Ehrenberg: yeah, so I heard that last time you were discussing this you were going to include Fetch and all this stuff.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00164-00112089-00113186 Daniel Ehrenberg: and that sounds really broad in a way that I don't think anybody's asking for. I think. Anna, when I talked to him in the past I can't remember if it was in a threat or not.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00165-00113199-00114341 Daniel Ehrenberg: He seemed. He seems sympathetic with the idea that these things would not do. I/O, that that would be the organizing principle, and so we would include all the classes that don't do. I/O makes good all the ones that do do I/O?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00166-00114777-00115291 Daniel Ehrenberg: And I think that's pretty easy to to find and work out. The problem was that
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00167-00115296-00116016 Daniel Ehrenberg: what what Leo had made before excluded a bunch of things that don't do, I/O? And there was no clear organizing principle around it.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00168-00116158-00116377 caridy: Yeah. And at least
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00169-00116404-00117001 caridy: part of the discussion that we have out in the past is that if you exclude those things.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00170-00117054-00117791 caridy: you should have a very strong reason for doing that, because it will hinder their ability to use the shadow wrong
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00171-00117835-00118757 Daniel Ehrenberg: I so that's what I was confused by, because
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00172-00118832-00119046 Daniel Ehrenberg: that because
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00173-00119053-00120074 Daniel Ehrenberg: for fetch, I thought it would make sense to have a membrane around the Fitch that the outer thing does, and that's how you would.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00174-00120080-00120582 Daniel Ehrenberg: Well, I think you can't get very far with shadow realms without a membrane.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00175-00120728-00121734 Daniel Ehrenberg: That's the consequence of the you know strong boundary design we adopted.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00176-00121875-00122196 caridy: Fetch very soon dynamic import.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00177-00122373-00123413 caridy: But you were saying that they are not the same, and we should not, because one of the things that we mentioned in the past at least, that I remember Mark
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00178-00123422-00124584 caridy: was that? Well, there is a you already. You do, and you can. I mean you can do, import, and you can interact with some of the timers.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00179-00124589-00124911 caridy: You can do a bunch of things, so
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00180-00124930-00125276 Daniel Ehrenberg: draw the line between what you can do or not
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00181-00125314-00125648 Daniel Ehrenberg: in in general, I guess i'm not a big fan of that
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00182-00125658-00125797 Daniel Ehrenberg: style of argument
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00183-00125938-00127361 Daniel Ehrenberg: like oh, you know it's a slippery slope, anyway. I don't know, I think, saying the only I o that you're doing is import, and all other I, O. Is prohibited is is a clear thing, and timers are not the same as I/O.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00184-00127486-00128097 MarkM: I'm sorry. Where? Where? Where do timers arise in this cotton. You just mentioned it
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00185-00128120-00128278 Daniel Ehrenberg: so
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00186-00128435-00128858 Daniel Ehrenberg: of of being included in shadow realms. So I think they don't
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00187-00128894-00129429 Daniel Ehrenberg: sure they're the kind of thing that you might walk differently, but but they're not
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00188-00129457-00129663 Daniel Ehrenberg: side affecting the world in the same way.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00189-00129685-00130496 MarkM: It's just because very quick. Timers are included in the HTML integration of shadow rooms are not included in.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00190-00130499-00130910 Daniel Ehrenberg: I think the integration in the H email integration.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00191-00130917-00131250 Daniel Ehrenberg: Okay, and definitely not in the Javascript by itself. Version.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00192-00131261-00131514 Daniel Ehrenberg: Okay. So
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00193-00131534-00131948 Daniel Ehrenberg: I don't know there was previous. There was previously kind of a coherent goal
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00194-00131956-00132670 Daniel Ehrenberg: of we're not going to allow any I except for in that we can port. It is a pretty restricted form of I/O,
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00195-00132754-00133346 Daniel Ehrenberg: even if it's not that restricted it's it's less powerful than exposing all the fetch.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00196-00133389-00133686 Daniel Ehrenberg: So I thought it made sense to draw that line.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00197-00133877-00134717 Daniel Ehrenberg: and we didn't get pushed back from browsers on that they seem to these. I had the impression that they that they thought that that was sensible.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00198-00134882-00135158 Daniel Ehrenberg: so i'm not sure why we would go reverse it now.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00199-00135599-00136175 Daniel Ehrenberg: if you think it's really important to have this convenience of using fetch in a case where you don't have a membrane.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00200-00136190-00137021 Daniel Ehrenberg: I would like to understand more about that. Usage pattern i'll I'll just. I'll just insert my 2 cents here, which is
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00201-00137032-00137623 MarkM: i'm surprised that everybody was okay, omitting fetch. But
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00202-00137628-00137961 MarkM: given that they were, i'm happier
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00203-00137974-00138153 MarkM: to go with the omission.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00204-00138329-00139187 MarkM: I I expected to be forced to to accept, fetch. So if we can go forward omitting fetch that's great.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00205-00139317-00140101 Mathieu Hofman: What is the benefit of meaning any I/O capabilities, since we can remove everything anyway
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00206-00140240-00140436 Daniel Ehrenberg: it's.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00207-00140614-00141804 Daniel Ehrenberg: I guess the idea is that this has the safe defaults. which is maybe the same extremely high level idea behind having the the strong boundary. In the first place.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00208-00141897-00142700 Daniel Ehrenberg: that then you build something to communicate over as opposed to needing to build the boundary with a bunch of work. That's good.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00209-00142938-00143989 caridy: Yeah, I I don't. I don't remember really the conversation. But all the details of the conversation. from what I remember the conclusion at the time was that. Well.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00210-00144118-00144565 caridy: it's too late to try to. Those are the I O.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00211-00144655-00145113 caridy: In the sense that you you'll be able to do some I/O already.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00212-00145153-00145833 caridy: And then Obviously we know the downside of not having fetch.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00213-00145848-00146264 caridy: We know what that is with more of all. Well.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00214-00146578-00146959 caridy: it's fine, because you will be able to remove it. If you want to know it.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00215-00146975-00147930 MarkM: Okay, I I buy. I buy both of Daniel's arguments here, both the rationale for why you should default to to to omitting it.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00216-00147939-00148403 MarkM: And why membrane base is a perfectly fine way to add it back in
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00217-00148667-00149034 It's pretty heavy call, I mean i'm i'm. I'm thinking, for example, like
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00218-00149062-00149994 Mathieu Hofman: a testing framework or something like that that I might want to use shut around. It's pretty heavy cost to us to come up with a membrane to be able to add back.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00219-00150010-00150219 Mathieu Hofman: I I you.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00220-00150484-00151086 Daniel Ehrenberg: So let's let's continue this thread. I'd really like to understand how people want to use shadow room without a memory.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00221-00151249-00151998 Daniel Ehrenberg: I mean that that replicates like if you're in node in
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00222-00152015-00152629 Mathieu Hofman: creating a testing environment, that within the browser in the creating that setting environment that's in another environment
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00223-00152634-00152778 Mathieu Hofman: that replicates
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00224-00152819-00153230 Mathieu Hofman: It's like that. If that other environment has a
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00225-00153234-00153311 Mathieu Hofman: me
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00226-00153315-00154232 Mathieu Hofman: most of the time, you don't need to go through the the global boundary for for some of the things you can just virtualize on top of the cabinet that we're present in the shadow.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00227-00154248-00155263 Mathieu Hofman: A testing a a testing environment might not need to go back and forth between between the realm and the in the shadow.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00228-00155989-00156591 Daniel Ehrenberg: Wouldn't you want nodes I/O capabilities to be exposed to the testing environment
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00229-00156724-00157040 Daniel Ehrenberg: which are different from the ones like. Are you?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00230-00157068-00157469 Daniel Ehrenberg: Are you expecting that the node built in will also be available?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00231-00157618-00159038 Mathieu Hofman: No; but you, if you leave them in. If you leave the if you leave the host capabilities and you implement your I/O capabilities that you're emulating on top of them, hiding the the original one.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00232-00159112-00159385 Mathieu Hofman: You don't need to go through the callable binary.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00233-00159472-00159625 Daniel Ehrenberg: and you don't need a membrane.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00234-00160443-00160841 Daniel Ehrenberg: What's the goal of using
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00235-00160842-00161823 Daniel Ehrenberg: shadow realms? In the first place for this use case where you should run your test and your you can go and and UN your your whole.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00236-00161859-00162580 Mathieu Hofman: all the intrinsic, and then just kill it again, like you know that that's why testing framework is always creating your own.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00237-00162625-00163537 Daniel Ehrenberg: So it's basically like a lightweight process that's not going to interact with the javascript that long shit at all Just interact with the rest of the world via I/O.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00238-00163542-00163838 Daniel Ehrenberg: Is that the usage scenario you're picturing
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00239-00163856-00164272 Mathieu Hofman: yeah, and reporting results back through the callable binary.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00240-00164315-00164777 Mathieu Hofman: So the only thing that needs to be reported back to the whole with all is the result test.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00241-00165915-00166607 Daniel Ehrenberg: So yeah, so reporting testing results could be done in a way that's lighter weight than having a full membrane.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00242-00166653-00166720 Mathieu Hofman: Okay.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00243-00167783-00167910 Daniel Ehrenberg: sh
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00244-00167938-00168307 Daniel Ehrenberg: it's. It's hard to picture this, because I think
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00245-00168337-00168878 Daniel Ehrenberg: a testing library would want to do more I/O than the web platform provides
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00246-00169035-00169122 Daniel Ehrenberg: wouldn't it.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00247-00169553-00170388 caridy: I'm not. I guess you're talking if you're walking the things that you're catching, or something like that. Sure you can. You can do that. But
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00248-00170490-00170866 caridy: most most cases just give access to
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00249-00170975-00171555 caridy: getting getting the content directly, like a local content.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00250-00171649-00171837 caridy: I mean, in general, like it's just
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00251-00171848-00172469 caridy: you. You can do many things that are self contained inside the shadow room and then
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00252-00172489-00173111 caridy: share results or not necessarily test yourself, but share data that is
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00253-00173120-00174256 caridy: for us. They call the boundary. So all the operations are happening there like a plugin system for you to do calculations or whatever you're doing. You do it there and then eventually
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00254-00174265-00174565 caridy: we'll be with the inquiry around.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00255-00174578-00174938 caridy: so the other, the other form of I, that's
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00256-00174979-00175692 MarkM: even more universal than fetch. Much more is consolid. What has been said about console?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00257-00175739-00175841 caridy: Yeah.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00258-00175938-00176550 caridy: In the in the current, in the current implementation. When you look at the the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00259-00176591-00176876 caridy: behind the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00260-00176973-00177553 caridy: But if you don't have console, then how do you, when my console is not simple? It's not that simple.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00261-00177575-00177886 caridy: You need just to do console. You need to have a membrane.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00262-00177919-00178330 caridy: You just want to run some code there that does something.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00263-00178380-00178720 Daniel Ehrenberg: I'm more sympathetic to that in console than I am to fetch.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00264-00178734-00180075 caridy: Yeah, I. This is exactly the same conversation that we have in the past. We start from. You have been port, and then one of our console. What about this other thing? And say, yeah, sure to block that
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00265-00180155-00181122 Daniel Ehrenberg: I I You know i'm not the champion of this proposal. It's up to you what to propose. But I just
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00266-00181123-00181449 Daniel Ehrenberg: but it was. It's clear that we developed this.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00267-00181565-00182864 Daniel Ehrenberg: I. My understanding was that we had developed this cross browser consensus on this organizing principle that in general we were going to omit. I. O, maybe we're happy with that. If you want to have a new principle. Then you'll need to state that principle
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00268-00182867-00183431 Daniel Ehrenberg: and have that discussion with the with the browsers and get them to agree to it.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00269-00183601-00183944 Daniel Ehrenberg: and that's really doable, but it requires like
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00270-00183978-00184585 Daniel Ehrenberg: thanks for explaining yourself about what the concrete proposal is rather than just saying we're okay with anything.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00271-00184636-00185310 Daniel Ehrenberg: because you're I don't think the I/O wasn't a stated principal, but
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00272-00185316-00185901 caridy: but sure we can. We can. if we agree that we will allow any kind of I
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00273-00186023-00186177 caridy: sure we can. We can do that.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00274-00186206-00186597 Daniel Ehrenberg: I mean what whatever you want to state as a
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00275-00186610-00187510 Daniel Ehrenberg: conclusion, whether it's including fetch or excluding it. Both the principal and the listing of the Apis are the kind of the deliverables needed.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00276-00187550-00188057 MarkM: Okay, I'm: I'm still prefer to see us exclude it. But I also.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00277-00188075-00188660 MarkM: you know, admit that as long as you know, since since it's.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00278-00188683-00189059 MarkM: since whichever way you default it, you can build the other one
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00279-00189073-00189334 MarkM: out of it, and
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00280-00189346-00189863 MarkM: the and it's, and the issue is absent from the Javascript standard. Anyway.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00281-00189867-00190085 MarkM: I don't
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00282-00190170-00190817 MarkM: I don't have to to weigh in here in a strong way. I do. Also
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00283-00190818-00191647 Daniel Ehrenberg: Does the Does the web standards, standardize, console part of web standards. It's there in what week
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00284-00191677-00191803 MarkM: it is. Okay.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00285-00191821-00191926 Daniel Ehrenberg: So.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00286-00192146-00192704 Daniel Ehrenberg: by the way, when you write an explanation to this group, it should remain free of
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00287-00192716-00192813 Daniel Ehrenberg: the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00288-00192820-00193347 Daniel Ehrenberg: the sort of technical language that's used in these discussions shouldn't use the word unforgible.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00289-00193376-00193490 Daniel Ehrenberg: for example.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00290-00193518-00194151 Daniel Ehrenberg: because that's a statement of the goals of this group rather than the goals of them. I mean just
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00291-00194198-00194618 Daniel Ehrenberg: if you want to say like, there shouldn't be any properties that are not deleteable or something.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00292-00194664-00195273 Daniel Ehrenberg: I And then we're okay. I don't know just just to enable communication here
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00293-00195816-00195893 Mathieu Hofman: Right?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00294-00196004-00196071 Mathieu Hofman: Oh.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00295-00196278-00196944 Mathieu Hofman: great! Is there anything else on this topic? Or should we switch to the topic of in 4 assertions?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00296-00196963-00197745 MarkM: I just want to say that with that, not being deleteable and being unforgeable, are distinct concepts, and the first requirement should be precision.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00297-00198050-00198530 Daniel Ehrenberg: Yeah. The word unforgeable has been used in multiple ways by this group. I think
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00298-00198586-00198791 Daniel Ehrenberg: so.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00299-00198938-00199614 Daniel Ehrenberg: I agree that things have to be precise, but also terms like unforgible. Just have to be not used
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00300-00199733-00200317 MarkM: unless what we're talking about is unforgeability that has nothing to do with unrelatability.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00301-00200343-00201051 MarkM: A fresh a a fresh anonymous symbol is unforgeable.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00302-00201066-00201388 MarkM: Okay.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00303-00201423-00201925 Daniel Ehrenberg: concept. But there was a different concept used about things like Window Top.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00304-00201946-00202211 Daniel Ehrenberg: where some other piece of jargon was used
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00305-00202213-00202449 Daniel Ehrenberg: to refer to the undelete of that
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00306-00202451-00203569 MarkM: right, and that and the reason not to use the term unforgeable, for that is because unforgeable is the wrong term for that it is not an unforgeable issue. It's not the issue. It's not unfortunate.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00307-00203577-00203842 Mathieu Hofman: I believe this.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00308-00203884-00204815 Mathieu Hofman: The it has to be configurable, and the configuration has to succeed, or something like that like it's not like.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00309-00204844-00205437 Daniel Ehrenberg: Okay, that's that's great. Yeah, as long as we stick to like
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00310-00205444-00206067 Daniel Ehrenberg: describing the observable behavior as opposed to words that describe the goals
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00311-00206073-00206377 Daniel Ehrenberg: which then have to be like, decoded and worked through.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00312-00206390-00206677 Daniel Ehrenberg: Then I will. It'll work.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00313-00206696-00208150 Mathieu Hofman: I think? I asked. I I don't know if it is now, but I I think I had to make sure that. But the success of the configuration, because if it's an exotic object can be like, okay, it's configurable. And then yeah, actually doesn't change. If you try to reconfigure it.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00314-00208332-00208492 Daniel Ehrenberg: All right.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00315-00208600-00209471 Mathieu Hofman: All right, let's switch to it for assertions. Who wants to drive this conversation, Mark, you have to put this on the calendar.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00316-00209488-00209894 MarkM: I'm not the one who put it on. I just the one who keeps, you know.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00317-00209896-00210414 MarkM: postponing it until we have critical mass to discuss which we finally have today.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00318-00210560-00211040 Daniel Ehrenberg: But yeah, I can. I can discuss it. It'll be better if we had
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00319-00211228-00211613 Daniel Ehrenberg: Niccolo here. But I've been participating in some of the discussions, so
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00320-00211692-00211877 Daniel Ehrenberg: let me
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00321-00211923-00212294 Daniel Ehrenberg: write him to see if he's available to join.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00322-00213258-00214217 Daniel Ehrenberg: Okay. Well, I wrote him, but I can. I can start explaining. So in the last meeting we we discussed how it's not enough to have import assertions. We have to be able to
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00323-00214225-00214958 Daniel Ehrenberg: modify what the module does, or at least how it's fetched, which changes what it, what it might be.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00324-00215012-00215288 Daniel Ehrenberg: to meet. Each email's requirements. So
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00325-00215325-00216510 Daniel Ehrenberg: there are kind of 3 3 questions from there about what the in expressiveness of this should be. One question is, should we maintain the arbitrary key value nature
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00326-00216513-00216801 Daniel Ehrenberg: of import attributes.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00327-00216804-00217866 Daniel Ehrenberg: or should we limit it to just one key? And I think that the J. Me. And Group's opinion is, we should maintain the multiple key aspects of it. the multiple attribute aspects of it.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00328-00218077-00218276 Daniel Ehrenberg: Another question is.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00329-00218650-00218835 Daniel Ehrenberg: Should
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00330-00219386-00219940 Daniel Ehrenberg: what should happen when unsupported assertions or or unsupported attributes are are given.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00331-00219982-00221367 Daniel Ehrenberg: I mean currently in imported search and unsupported attributes through. And so we're we're saying this. Still, it makes even more sense for import attributes, because they could change the interpretation, and you wouldn't want to kind of lose that
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00332-00221448-00221616 Daniel Ehrenberg: interpretation change?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00333-00221892-00222979 Daniel Ehrenberg: And then the question is, are they assertions like, Should we use the assert syntax, and the proposal of the champion group is to switch to a syntax based on with, instead of assert.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00334-00223033-00224104 Daniel Ehrenberg: where the the idea is, we would keep, assert in as in line, normative optional comma legacy, where we somehow start to define legacy
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00335-00224111-00224861 Daniel Ehrenberg: with the goal that if it's possible, maybe we could delete it in the future. but it's included there now.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00336-00224863-00225978 Daniel Ehrenberg: and to the extent that normative optional is like an all or nothing thing. This would be acceptable as kind of piecemeal omitted, so we would definitely not be asking from, or or node, or anybody to unship
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00337-00226019-00226255 Daniel Ehrenberg: import assert. But
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00338-00226266-00226673 Daniel Ehrenberg: we would encourage new things to use import with instead.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00339-00226698-00226838 Daniel Ehrenberg: So
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00340-00227104-00227414 Daniel Ehrenberg: So this is the proposal.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00341-00227431-00228596 Daniel Ehrenberg: It would not. We would simply delete the paragraph that says that you can't interpret a module based on the import descriptions
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00342-00228606-00229610 Daniel Ehrenberg: based on the import attributes. Now, instead, they're just part of the cash key. and with romulo's refactor of
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00343-00229611-00230623 Daniel Ehrenberg: with Romulus refactor. It's not Ramulos Nicola's refactor of the way that modules work. There is a cash at the Javascript level in addition to at the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00344-00230636-00231042 Daniel Ehrenberg: host level, so that C to the Javascript level would be key by both
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00345-00231044-00231450 Daniel Ehrenberg: the specifier and all the key value pairs for the attributes.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00346-00231475-00231573 Mathieu Hofman: So
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00347-00231623-00231906 Mathieu Hofman: I guess that's where I was going to go for the question. I thought
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00348-00231909-00232480 Mathieu Hofman: there were discussions about having so much reviews being
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00349-00232642-00233042 Mathieu Hofman: not part of the cache. and having like
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00350-00233071-00233725 Mathieu Hofman: basically for for extensions or things like that. So
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00351-00233748-00234000 Daniel Ehrenberg: for that aspect.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00352-00234056-00234142 Daniel Ehrenberg: the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00353-00234171-00234862 Daniel Ehrenberg: the attributes after the with would all be part of the cash key. However, other things like
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00354-00234873-00236173 Daniel Ehrenberg: deferred imports, or. you know, import module, like the the different kind of modes for importing something, so that it wouldn't be executed. Those would be not done through
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00355-00236178-00236544 Daniel Ehrenberg: import attributes, but instead done through a keyword that comes
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00356-00236548-00237621 Daniel Ehrenberg: at the beginning right after the infant keyword. And the reason for that is because those are not part of the cash key. But instead about how Javascript runs the module. The other thing is that those
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00357-00237646-00238486 Daniel Ehrenberg: effect the syntax of the module import statement, so they would be added as individual syntactic entities.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00358-00238666-00238908 Daniel Ehrenberg: and those would all be defined in javascript.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00359-00238984-00239704 Daniel Ehrenberg: And that's how that's how import module or import source or important for would work, then, for
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00360-00239712-00239962 Daniel Ehrenberg: extensions like. If you have a tool
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00361-00239969-00240456 Daniel Ehrenberg: or a runtime environment that wants to define its own attributes.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00362-00240519-00240926 Daniel Ehrenberg: you would be strongly encouraged to use a namespacing scheme
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00363-00241060-00241260 which might look like
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00364-00241269-00241467 Daniel Ehrenberg: start with an underscore
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00365-00241485-00242558 Daniel Ehrenberg: to indicate that it's kind of private and then right the name of your kind of namespace, so it might be node, and then capital like in camel case, the name of the attribute.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00366-00242560-00242966 Daniel Ehrenberg: So you might do like.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00367-00243860-00244198 Mathieu Hofman: and those would become part of the cash key as well.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00368-00244226-00244794 Daniel Ehrenberg: Yeah, but they would be rejected at runtime if they ever made it into a final program.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00369-00244803-00245310 Daniel Ehrenberg: I but they would be part of the logical cache.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00370-00245329-00246059 Daniel Ehrenberg: So we would make this strong encouragement just like people are encouraged to use data, dash attributes
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00371-00246062-00246367 Daniel Ehrenberg: for for custom elements or things like that.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00372-00246392-00246867 Daniel Ehrenberg: for when using import attributes, you'd be strongly encouraged
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00373-00246869-00247692 Daniel Ehrenberg: to choose a name that is not likely to be a future name based on it. Starting with an underscore, and then starting with like the name of your project.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00374-00247779-00248465 Mathieu Hofman: But so that that means these this source files will not be
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00375-00248477-00248917 Mathieu Hofman: executable without being transformed.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00376-00248931-00249079 Daniel Ehrenberg: That's right. Yeah.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00377-00249119-00249388 Daniel Ehrenberg: So this is airing on the side of safety.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00378-00249614-00250292 Mathieu Hofman: And I know Justin was a big proponent of being able to support this used case.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00379-00250328-00250394 Daniel Ehrenberg: Yeah.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00380-00250489-00250919 Mathieu Hofman: So and that that is something just is comfortable with.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00381-00250961-00251946 Daniel Ehrenberg: Yeah. Justin's been very much part of these discussions, and even proposed this concrete naming convention. I would have imagine something more like.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00382-00252198-00252627 Daniel Ehrenberg: and we're more like with a colon or something like that.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00383-00252686-00253634 Mathieu Hofman: or to to catch those, or how does import hooks? We definitely have to receive
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00384-00253667-00254032 Daniel Ehrenberg: the all the key value pairs of the import attributes.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00385-00254377-00255760 Mathieu Hofman: Okay, so it's possible the source would be able to be evaluated. It's just that you need a runtime in port work that can do the appropriate.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00386-00255786-00255985 Daniel Ehrenberg: Yes, exactly.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00387-00256134-00256296 Daniel Ehrenberg: If you're using the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00388-00256346-00256757 Daniel Ehrenberg: module constructor, then, yeah, you could. You could emulate all this stuff.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00389-00257044-00257883 Daniel Ehrenberg: and there would be no particular difference in terms of the import hook about whether the names started with an underscore or not. That's purely a convention.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00390-00257885-00258784 Daniel Ehrenberg: Yeah, but we would have a promise going forward that all the built in things would not start with another square just like HTML has the promise that it's not going to have any attributes with the dash in them.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00391-00259363-00259440 Mathieu Hofman: Okay.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00392-00259578-00259719 Daniel Ehrenberg: how does it send to you?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00393-00259911-00260553 Mathieu Hofman: I don't know it sounds fine, but I I have not been involved enough in the conversations to
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00394-00260581-00260731 Mathieu Hofman: No. If i'm missing
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00395-00260744-00261010 Mathieu Hofman: some some of the arguments. So
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00396-00261152-00261283 Mathieu Hofman: it sounds reasonable.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00397-00261492-00261846 Daniel Ehrenberg: Okay, that, thanks to any other people have thoughts on this.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00398-00262000-00262364 Daniel Ehrenberg: or did I go too fast? Should we go into something in more detail?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00399-00262395-00262801 MarkM: I want? I want to explicitly solicit Kurti's thoughts on this.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00400-00263008-00263731 caridy: I don't have a I was on the on the in a meeting as well in your group, and
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00401-00263893-00264440 MarkM: but in particular about how it interacts with the whole module loader
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00402-00264458-00264540 MarkM: system.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00403-00264802-00265057 caridy: At least the way I
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00404-00265091-00265309 caridy: I think about this is
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00405-00265462-00266011 caridy: I I specifically about layers 0 like a a module constructor more the social structure.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00406-00266177-00266360 caridy: If you're gonna get
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00407-00266429-00266810 caridy: access to that update with the with.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00408-00267137-00268226 caridy: I I feel that we have a lot of power that we can exercise. There is, I don't believe. but at this point I don't believe that the browser
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00409-00268231-00268492 caridy: will ever implement
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00410-00268515-00268801 caridy: a bunch of different 4 months.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00411-00269049-00269459 caridy: and it. It. It it feels to me that the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00412-00269528-00270590 caridy: providing the the user they, the low-level Api so users can do that kind of thing, especially bunders and tooling like, and rely on this, we gave you to
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00413-00270600-00270819 caridy: provide information
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00414-00270846-00271852 caridy: through the import statement to the loader that would rely on this information to do the proper resolution, and the super creation of a
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00415-00271857-00272159 caridy: as a module infants based on this information
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00416-00272165-00272391 caridy: and the module hope.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00417-00272410-00272580 caridy: I think that's very powerful.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00418-00272609-00272968 caridy: But every time that I talk about that I didn't get much traction.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00419-00273082-00274058 Daniel Ehrenberg: So when you say powerful, do you mean that as a good thing or a bad thing? Okay cool. I think I I I see
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00420-00274107-00274340 caridy: implementers of bombers and tools
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00421-00274349-00274935 caridy: asking for the browser to do that for them like. Let's have a
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00422-00274959-00276676 caridy: new Api that you're going to specify what kind of things that we're going to load, and then they will do all the the allegiance to get it ready for them. I don't think it's going to happen. I did that and it it directly, but he was saying, You know there is the interest on that. But I I I don't buy that we on it. So I think
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00423-00276771-00277052 caridy: if we do something that will not be
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00424-00277057-00277503 caridy: that will not provide it there, that that that powerful Api, or in order to
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00425-00277514-00277928 caridy: do all these things and use a line, we'll probably make a mistake. But
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00426-00277931-00278202 MarkM: again, like not not not really much much there
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00427-00278206-00278409 MarkM: so
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00428-00278422-00279104 Daniel Ehrenberg: powerful. And I guess what the the champion group is proposing that we add this power
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00429-00279115-00279444 Daniel Ehrenberg: So to the extent that you're saying we're not getting much traction. Okay.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00430-00279466-00280084 Daniel Ehrenberg: Yeah, it's not. It's I'm not getting one fraction every time I talk about. Maybe I just not articulated.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00431-00280101-00281064 caridy: So it's like the optic company who gets that okay decides what to do with it. And it's primary
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00432-00281067-00282952 caridy: objective is to create a launch of linkedin in whatever shape or form that modelington's needs to be created. represent a Cs. To represent some of the format, or represent a awesome module. Whatever it is it's representing. We can talk about that, but
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00433-00283064-00283666 caridy: it it it to me that rely on the user agent for all these. It's just not going to have.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00434-00283692-00283949 Daniel Ehrenberg: Well, what about us as well?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00435-00283967-00284604 Daniel Ehrenberg: Okay. So what about the bundlers? Because we will initially wouldn't have the module of the structure?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00436-00284711-00285532 MarkM: What about the goal of of Amyo being able to emulate one host on another house. Is that all? Well supported by
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00437-00285546-00285681 MarkM: what we're saying here?
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00438-00285849-00286209 Daniel Ehrenberg: I think this would. This would permit those things.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00439-00286215-00286688 Daniel Ehrenberg: Okay. in conjunction with the module constructor.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00440-00286707-00288033 Daniel Ehrenberg: So I think the the hesitation that we might hear from engines is around, whether the module constructor should be supported short of having the module construct training, emulation or power would have to be done by the bundler.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00441-00288125-00288223 Daniel Ehrenberg: Right? Okay.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00442-00288394-00290341 caridy: But if we don't have the monitor constructor, the calendar is kind of a little more, either. Well, the bundles would just not use modules. They would just. They would do something out they can. They could do things they just, but that I think that's that's really a good point, like if we don't have a module constructor.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00443-00290341-00292061 caridy: then they will continue to what they do to pay. If we give them the module constructor, why even bother to implement all these other things? I I do want to be able to make the argument for import attributes in a way that's independent of the module constructor.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00444-00292061-00292812 Daniel Ehrenberg: Because I think we don't have consensus in the Committee on whether the module constructor should exist. Yet, and hesitation about the module constructor shouldn't
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00445-00292832-00293711 Daniel Ehrenberg: the the same as his station about import attributes. They just separate proposals. even if we want them both to happen.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00446-00293810-00294504 caridy: Yeah, you don't. You don't have that. And the only consumer of Bill is that it will be the they use the agent. We're fine.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00447-00294512-00294922 Daniel Ehrenberg: Yeah, the user agent and tools. I think the tools part is is important.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00448-00295340-00296645 Daniel Ehrenberg: So about about the import hook. There's a thing where we would have to pass an object for all the key value pairs into the import hook. and I guess this would get a fresh identity for each.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00449-00296659-00296817 Daniel Ehrenberg: you know, import statement.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00450-00296866-00297375 Daniel Ehrenberg: and there was some idea at some point did this be tied into records and tuples
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00451-00297378-00297941 Daniel Ehrenberg: that you would get a record there. But since we got hesitant feedback from browsers on records and tuples.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00452-00297969-00298445 Daniel Ehrenberg: I don't think we should necessarily count on that, and we should try to
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00453-00298454-00298975 Daniel Ehrenberg: convince ourselves that we're okay with this being based on
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00454-00299086-00299516 Daniel Ehrenberg: it's being based on an object with those keys.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00455-00299517-00300891 Daniel Ehrenberg: So having i'm fresh. What are the external values for those things get can be like objects and like you can't really have anything. They can only be strings. The values can only be strings. Okay.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00456-00300916-00301302 caridy: yeah. But if if you, you, you not observing that
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00457-00301344-00301544 caridy: identity user lab.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00458-00301634-00302955 Daniel Ehrenberg: No, you could. If you have the total constructor, you can't observe that. So we go back to the the the constructive thing. Conversation, like the identity thing is only if you have a monitor contract, you don't have that many.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00459-00302956-00303121 Daniel Ehrenberg: So i'm just talking about
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00460-00303122-00303684 Daniel Ehrenberg: something that we would observe with the interaction of the module constructor. And this proposed.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00461-00303874-00304540 caridy: Yeah, I I would say that sure represent Google looks really good for that case, but
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00462-00304548-00305637 caridy: they have absence of that I I feel that the the Module hope, whoever is implemented and more of should not rely on that.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00463-00305738-00306273 caridy: But the volumes associated to that up to the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00464-00306423-00306592 Mathieu Hofman: I see just inside
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00465-00307074-00307203 Mathieu Hofman: You're muted, Justin.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00466-00307308-00308569 Justin Ridgewell: Alright. So there are a few topics, one bundle that's fully supported. With this we can do everything essentially. You also asked about emulation. The only thing that's not directly emulatable is the module attribute
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00467-00308569-00309785 Justin Ridgewell: which gives you an uninstantiated module instead of an instantiated module, and that's because it's not a part of the attributes. It's a part of the import declaration itself. On this topic of
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00468-00309795-00309906 Justin Ridgewell: the
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00469-00309992-00311754 Justin Ridgewell: I lost my place. What were we just talking about module constructor, and the identity you would the attributes themselves are a single-depth object All the key values are primitives. The keys are all strings the values are our numbers, I guess. No, they're strings.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00470-00311763-00312563 Justin Ridgewell: They're only strings. So you just need a single depth deep. The quality matcher in order to check your cash key here.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00471-00312737-00312813 caridy: Yeah.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00472-00312916-00314043 caridy: I think what you're saying is that identity is not super important, that we, so as long as we make the well defined, namely, that each import statement gets its own object identity for the attributes.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00473-00314054-00314405 Daniel Ehrenberg: and it's kind of useless in the first place.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00474-00314417-00315411 Mathieu Hofman: or we can say that the the keys are ordered lexically, and then you can just Jason's 3, the 5 thing, and
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00475-00315434-00315545 Mathieu Hofman: that's for Kashy.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00476-00315703-00315826 Justin Ridgewell: Yeah, that would work
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00477-00315952-00316826 Justin Ridgewell: that would that would aid the If you're storing this on a map as well, because you you're guaranteed an order, and you know the cash. He would be equivalent to the string of by that would be pretty convenient.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00478-00316832-00317960 Daniel Ehrenberg: Yeah, I guess we can decide whether or not the keys should be sorted when defining the import hook right and defining the model of instructor.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00479-00317965-00318036 Justin Ridgewell: Yep.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00480-00318211-00318572 Daniel Ehrenberg: Okay. So do people have any concerns about
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00481-00318636-00319058 Daniel Ehrenberg: this direction for import assertions, or if you any further comments.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00482-00320018-00320151 Mathieu Hofman: So all right.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00483-00320185-00320718 Mathieu Hofman: Well, I guess we are at time so good timing we didn't overflow today.
Uhy4Ld8aOOk-00484-00320728-00320942 Mathieu Hofman: So thanks everyone.
UhHFsLU0ado-00000-00000192-00000584 disappointment always falls in between expectation and reality
UhHFsLU0ado-00001-00000919-00001328 and so when we expect all these great things and expect things to look a certain way and
UhHFsLU0ado-00002-00001328-00001655 then when they don't that's where disappointment starts to fall in
UhHFsLU0ado-00003-00001864-00002272 we have all these expectations in life that things are going to be easier they're going
UhHFsLU0ado-00004-00002272-00003016 to be simpler we have these expectations that things are going to be always in our favor
UhHFsLU0ado-00005-00003016-00003720 if i don't decide what i'm going to stand for and what i will tolerate in my life and
UhHFsLU0ado-00006-00003720-00004448 what i'm going to bring to the day if i don't decide that other people will decide it for me
UhHFsLU0ado-00007-00004608-00005056 i will tell you the most important thing to me in my life is my family
UhHFsLU0ado-00008-00005360-00005984 if you want a better marriage you're going to have to change how you look
UhHFsLU0ado-00009-00006080-00006656 at your marriage if you want better health you're going to have to change how you look at you
UhHFsLU0ado-00010-00006656-00007536 as it pertains to health and wellness you find the path that has no challenges on it
UhHFsLU0ado-00011-00007640-00008584 just know that path leads to nowhere good sometimes we need to hear things that hurt for us
UhHFsLU0ado-00012-00008720-00009312 and when you hear something that stings if you run from it what you're essentially doing is
UhHFsLU0ado-00013-00009312-00010136 running from your potential because pain releases potential the great ones have all faced pain
UhHFsLU0ado-00014-00010512-00010912 if you want to be a leader instead of dwelling on the y i say
UhHFsLU0ado-00015-00011064-00012088 what what do we do now what is about solution what is about progress
UhHFsLU0ado-00016-00012328-00013016 why focus is on the problem what focuses on the progress leaders don't ask why they ask what
UhHFsLU0ado-00017-00013463-00013584 what can i do today
UhHFsLU0ado-00018-00013791-00014336 to go out and meet myself because if you won't confront that ugly part of you
UhHFsLU0ado-00019-00014632-00014919 what you sweep under the rug eventually you're going to keep tripping over
UhHFsLU0ado-00020-00015208-00015584 and there are parts of you that you haven't discovered yet
UhHFsLU0ado-00021-00015760-00016024 because you've been running from meeting that person
UhHFsLU0ado-00022-00016272-00016984 i have found that no one ever tells me how much they loved the pain
UhHFsLU0ado-00023-00017096-00017616 but let me tell you what they do tell me they tell me that during the pain they grew the most
UhHFsLU0ado-00024-00017832-00018176 and so if you're really thinking about growing if you're really thinking about
UhHFsLU0ado-00025-00018176-00018496 being a leader if you're thinking about being someone that's going to make a difference
UhHFsLU0ado-00026-00018496-00019776 you're going to have to embrace the pain and ask yourself what am i going to do with
UjOXLpAW128-00000-00000051-00000309 PRESENTER: Pan-sharpening is a form of spatial enhancement
UjOXLpAW128-00001-00000309-00000603 in which we take low resolution multispectral imagery
UjOXLpAW128-00002-00000603-00000832 and integrate it with higher resolution panchromatic
UjOXLpAW128-00003-00000832-00000969 imagery.
UjOXLpAW128-00004-00000969-00001308 In this example I'm going to be working with a Landsat 8 scene.
UjOXLpAW128-00005-00001308-00001632 You can see displayed right now is the multispectral imagery.
UjOXLpAW128-00006-00001632-00001807 There's the panchromatic imagery.
UjOXLpAW128-00007-00001807-00001982 Then finally, you can see the output
UjOXLpAW128-00008-00001982-00002248 of my pan-sharpened process.
UjOXLpAW128-00009-00002248-00002449 For the multispectral composite I
UjOXLpAW128-00010-00002449-00002794 stack together the first seven bands of Landsat 8, bands
UjOXLpAW128-00011-00002794-00003255 one through seven, into a 30 meter multiband composite.
UjOXLpAW128-00012-00003255-00003608 The panchromatic image from Landsat 8 band eight
UjOXLpAW128-00013-00003608-00003914 has a resolution of 15 meters.
UjOXLpAW128-00014-00003914-00004076 Pan-sharpening works by preserving
UjOXLpAW128-00015-00004076-00004370 some of the spectral information in the multispectral imagery
UjOXLpAW128-00016-00004370-00004700 with the spatial detail in the panchromatic imagery.
UjOXLpAW128-00017-00004700-00004994 Here I am examining the output of my pan-sharpened process,
UjOXLpAW128-00018-00004994-00005336 in which I have a new four band, 15 meter resolution,
UjOXLpAW128-00019-00005336-00005564 multispectral dataset.
UjOXLpAW128-00020-00005564-00005831 Now, I'll compare the original multispectral imagery
UjOXLpAW128-00021-00005831-00006230 and panchromatic datasets to the new pan-sharpened dataset.
UjOXLpAW128-00022-00006230-00006380 Here we're looking at the difference
UjOXLpAW128-00023-00006380-00006539 between the multi spectral imagery
UjOXLpAW128-00024-00006539-00006752 and the panchromatic imagery.
UjOXLpAW128-00025-00006752-00006934 As we can see, the multispectral imagery
UjOXLpAW128-00026-00006934-00007091 has more spectral information.
UjOXLpAW128-00027-00007091-00007531 And the panchromatic dataset has greater spatial detail.
UjOXLpAW128-00028-00007531-00007706 Switching over now to a comparison
UjOXLpAW128-00029-00007706-00007958 between the original multispectral image
UjOXLpAW128-00030-00007958-00008196 and the output pan-sharpened image,
UjOXLpAW128-00031-00008196-00008384 we can see that the output pan sharpened
UjOXLpAW128-00032-00008384-00008582 image has improved spatial detail,
UjOXLpAW128-00033-00008582-00008828 and it has still preserved some of the spectral information
UjOXLpAW128-00034-00008828-00009121 in the original multiband image dataset.
UjOXLpAW128-00035-00009121-00009314 Not all pan-sharpening routines preserve
UjOXLpAW128-00036-00009314-00009481 the original spectral information.
UjOXLpAW128-00037-00009481-00009671 Recall that my original multispectral image
UjOXLpAW128-00038-00009671-00009755 had seven bands.
UjOXLpAW128-00039-00009755-00010130 Whereas the output pan-sharpened image only has four bands.
UjOXLpAW128-00040-00010130-00010376 Now we'll take a look at how this pan-sharpened dataset was
UjOXLpAW128-00041-00010376-00010466 created.
UjOXLpAW128-00042-00010466-00010709 The geoprocessing tool I used is called Create
UjOXLpAW128-00043-00010709-00010938 Pansharpened Raster Dataset.
UjOXLpAW128-00044-00010938-00011271 As you can see, the raster input is the multispectral imagery,
UjOXLpAW128-00045-00011271-00011535 in which I specified the red, green, blue,
UjOXLpAW128-00046-00011535-00011870 and infrared channels, and thus, the output only
UjOXLpAW128-00047-00011870-00012272 consists of these four individual bands.
UjOXLpAW128-00048-00012272-00012527 It's imperative that you assign the appropriate channel
UjOXLpAW128-00049-00012527-00012737 to the appropriate band in your multispectral data
UjOXLpAW128-00050-00012737-00012986 set when doing any pan-sharpening.
UjOXLpAW128-00051-00012986-00013241 Scrolling down you can see that I've set the output raster
UjOXLpAW128-00052-00013241-00013444 dataset to be called PanSharp.
UjOXLpAW128-00053-00013444-00013631 I've specified my panchromatic image
UjOXLpAW128-00054-00013631-00013872 to be my Landsat 8 panchromatic image.
UjOXLpAW128-00055-00013872-00014143 And then I've set the pan-sharpening type.
UjOXLpAW128-00056-00014143-00014433 The Gram-Schmidt pan-sharpening routine that I've selected here
UjOXLpAW128-00057-00014433-00014560 is sensor specific.
UjOXLpAW128-00058-00014560-00014826 I've selected the appropriate sensor, Landsat 8.
UjOXLpAW128-00059-00014826-00014963 And the routine has automatically
UjOXLpAW128-00060-00014963-00015308 populated the weights for all four bands.
UjOXLpAW128-00061-00015308-00015521 Selecting the appropriate pan-sharpening type
UjOXLpAW128-00062-00015521-00015824 requires a bit of understanding about the various capabilities
UjOXLpAW128-00063-00015824-00016144 and limitations of each option, along with a bit of trial
UjOXLpAW128-00064-00016144-00016256 and error.
UjOXLpAW128-00065-00016256-00016520 As you can see, if I change the pan-sharpening type,
UjOXLpAW128-00066-00016520-00016706 my options also change.
UjOXLpAW128-00067-00016706-00016995 Some of the pan-sharpening types are not sensor specific.
UjOXLpAW128-00068-00016995-00017141 While others, like the Gram-Schmidt
UjOXLpAW128-00069-00017141-00017363 that I've used here, are.
UjOXLpAW128-00070-00017363-00017562 Regardless of the routine you use,
UjOXLpAW128-00071-00017562-00017810 you may find it necessary to adjust the band weights used
UjOXLpAW128-00072-00017810-00018042 in the pan-sharpening process.
UjOXLpAW128-00073-00018042-00018311 That being said, if your pan-sharpening type gives you
UjOXLpAW128-00074-00018311-00018524 the option to select a sensor, please
UjOXLpAW128-00075-00018524-00018746 ensure that you choose the appropriate sensor
UjOXLpAW128-00076-00018746-00018958 for your input data.
UjOXLpAW128-00077-00018958-00019190 Not only do not all pan-sharpening routines
UjOXLpAW128-00078-00019190-00019378 return the same number of bands in the output
UjOXLpAW128-00079-00019378-00019555 pan-sharpened dataset as there were
UjOXLpAW128-00080-00019555-00019789 in the original multispectral image dataset,
UjOXLpAW128-00081-00019789-00020113 but some of those bands may be switched around.
UjOXLpAW128-00082-00020113-00020335 Not only does my pan-sharpened image dataset
UjOXLpAW128-00083-00020335-00020638 contain fewer bands, but those bands have been swapped around.
UjOXLpAW128-00084-00020638-00020909 For example, 432 is a natural color composite
UjOXLpAW128-00085-00020909-00021085 in the multispectral dataset.
UjOXLpAW128-00086-00021085-00021339 Whereas 123 is now a natural color composite
UjOXLpAW128-00087-00021339-00021577 in the pan-sharpened dataset.
UjOXLpAW128-00088-00021577-00021766 Creating a color infrared composite
UjOXLpAW128-00089-00021766-00021967 in the pan-sharpened dataset requires
UjOXLpAW128-00090-00021967-00022280 that I use bands for one and two,
UjOXLpAW128-00091-00022280-00022525 as band four is near infrared, band one is red,
UjOXLpAW128-00092-00022525-00022687 and band two is green.
UjOXLpAW128-00093-00022687-00022936 To do the same for the multispectral dataset,
UjOXLpAW128-00094-00022936-00023215 I would choose bands five, which is near infrared,
UjOXLpAW128-00095-00023215-00023620 band four, which is red, and band three, which is green.
UjOXLpAW128-00096-00023620-00023845 This is why it's so important that you visually assess
UjOXLpAW128-00097-00023845-00024088 the output of your pan-sharpen process
UjOXLpAW128-00098-00024088-00024247 so that you understand the properties
UjOXLpAW128-00099-00024247-00024549 of your new pan-sharpened dataset.
UjOXLpAW128-00100-00024549-00024756 Pan-sharpening can be a useful technique
UjOXLpAW128-00101-00024756-00024963 to apply when you want to spatially enhance
UjOXLpAW128-00102-00024963-00025230 your multispectral imagery with corresponding higher
UjOXLpAW128-00103-00025230-00025434 resolution panchromatic data.
UjOXLpAW128-00104-00025434-00025644 But you need to pay special attention
UjOXLpAW128-00105-00025644-00026049 and understand the inputs and outputs of this routine.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00000-00001368-00001536 I never thought it would be me.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00001-00007620-00007968 Are you okay? It was those three words that changed things.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00002-00008052-00008472 A dam burst inside me and all the pent-up emotions, the anger,
Ul0akoc9ri0-00003-00008472-00008808 the sadness, the betrayal... they escaped from me.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00004-00008862-00009060 That was the first time I told my story.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00005-00009228-00009642 The next morning, I woke up and caught a glimpse of myself in the mirror.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00006-00009642-00009882 For the first time... I saw hope.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00007-00010110-00010644 I began to feel a little more like myself. I was even able to enjoy seeing my friends again.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00008-00010818-00011280 After some time I decided to speak to someone - a professional.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00009-00011364-00011700 I thought about turning back every step I took towards that door,
Ul0akoc9ri0-00010-00011766-00012018 but still I found the strength to knock.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00011-00012114-00012462 Something inside me knew. I was ready to ask for help.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00012-00013056-00013608 Once I opened up things got easier. My counsellor suggested group therapy.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00013-00013608-00013974 She thought it would be beneficial to know that I wasn't alone in this.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00014-00014040-00014304 I was surprised to see some familiar faces there.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00015-00014304-00014496 I guess you never really know.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00016-00014634-00014904 Hearing everyone's stories helped me more than I imagined.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00017-00014969-00015246 Now I want to use my story to help others.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00018-00015246-00015438 Now I'm no longer falling.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00019-00015438-00015618 No longer standing still.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00020-00015690-00015869 To give purpose to my pain.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00021-00015869-00016163 To turn something negative into a positive.
Ul0akoc9ri0-00022-00016236-00016374 And now I'm here.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00000-00000010-00000036 CONGRATULATIONS.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00001-00000036-00000043 CONGRATULATIONS.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00002-00000043-00000136 CONGRATULATIONS. BEMIDJI STATE FALLS IN A VOCAL
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00003-00000136-00000143 CONGRATULATIONS. BEMIDJI STATE FALLS IN A VOCAL  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00004-00000143-00000363 CONGRATULATIONS. BEMIDJI STATE FALLS IN A VOCAL BALL MATCH-UP SWEEPING 3-0.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00005-00000363-00000370 BEMIDJI STATE FALLS IN A VOCAL BALL MATCH-UP SWEEPING 3-0.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00006-00000370-00000510 BEMIDJI STATE FALLS IN A VOCAL BALL MATCH-UP SWEEPING 3-0. >> AJ: IT'S HOMECOMING WEEK FOR
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00007-00000510-00000517 BALL MATCH-UP SWEEPING 3-0. >> AJ: IT'S HOMECOMING WEEK FOR  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00008-00000517-00000663 BALL MATCH-UP SWEEPING 3-0. >> AJ: IT'S HOMECOMING WEEK FOR BSU FOOTBALL, WHICH MEANS
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00009-00000663-00000670 >> AJ: IT'S HOMECOMING WEEK FOR BSU FOOTBALL, WHICH MEANS  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00010-00000670-00000764 >> AJ: IT'S HOMECOMING WEEK FOR BSU FOOTBALL, WHICH MEANS ANOTHER CHANCE FOR THE TEAM TO
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00011-00000764-00000770 BSU FOOTBALL, WHICH MEANS ANOTHER CHANCE FOR THE TEAM TO  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00012-00000770-00000904 BSU FOOTBALL, WHICH MEANS ANOTHER CHANCE FOR THE TEAM TO JUMP IN THE LAKE AFTER THEIR
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00013-00000904-00000910 ANOTHER CHANCE FOR THE TEAM TO JUMP IN THE LAKE AFTER THEIR  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00014-00000910-00000964 ANOTHER CHANCE FOR THE TEAM TO JUMP IN THE LAKE AFTER THEIR GAME.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00015-00000964-00000970 JUMP IN THE LAKE AFTER THEIR GAME.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00016-00000970-00001104 JUMP IN THE LAKE AFTER THEIR GAME. THEY'VE DONE SO THE PAST 8
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00017-00001104-00001111 GAME. THEY'VE DONE SO THE PAST 8  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00018-00001111-00001251 GAME. THEY'VE DONE SO THE PAST 8 HOMECOMING GAMES, BUT THIS WEEK
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00019-00001251-00001257 THEY'VE DONE SO THE PAST 8 HOMECOMING GAMES, BUT THIS WEEK  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00020-00001257-00001408 THEY'VE DONE SO THE PAST 8 HOMECOMING GAMES, BUT THIS WEEK 4 AND 1 SIOUX FALLS COMES TO
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00021-00001408-00001414 HOMECOMING GAMES, BUT THIS WEEK 4 AND 1 SIOUX FALLS COMES TO  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00022-00001414-00001534 HOMECOMING GAMES, BUT THIS WEEK 4 AND 1 SIOUX FALLS COMES TO DOWN, SO IT SHOULD BE A
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00023-00001534-00001541 4 AND 1 SIOUX FALLS COMES TO DOWN, SO IT SHOULD BE A  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00024-00001541-00001678 4 AND 1 SIOUX FALLS COMES TO DOWN, SO IT SHOULD BE A COMPETITIVE GAME.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00025-00001678-00001685 DOWN, SO IT SHOULD BE A COMPETITIVE GAME.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00026-00001685-00001868 DOWN, SO IT SHOULD BE A COMPETITIVE GAME. IF BSU WANTS TO CONTINUE THE
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00027-00001868-00001875 COMPETITIVE GAME. IF BSU WANTS TO CONTINUE THE  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00028-00001875-00002025 COMPETITIVE GAME. IF BSU WANTS TO CONTINUE THE STREAK, THEY'LL HAVE TO BE MORE
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00029-00002025-00002032 IF BSU WANTS TO CONTINUE THE STREAK, THEY'LL HAVE TO BE MORE  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00030-00002032-00002145 IF BSU WANTS TO CONTINUE THE STREAK, THEY'LL HAVE TO BE MORE CONSISTENT IN THEIR PASSING
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00031-00002145-00002152 STREAK, THEY'LL HAVE TO BE MORE CONSISTENT IN THEIR PASSING  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00032-00002152-00002252 STREAK, THEY'LL HAVE TO BE MORE CONSISTENT IN THEIR PASSING ATTACK THAN THEY WERE IN LAST
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00033-00002252-00002258 CONSISTENT IN THEIR PASSING ATTACK THAN THEY WERE IN LAST  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00034-00002258-00002312 CONSISTENT IN THEIR PASSING ATTACK THAN THEY WERE IN LAST WEEK'S WIN.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00035-00002312-00002318 ATTACK THAN THEY WERE IN LAST WEEK'S WIN.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00036-00002318-00002442 ATTACK THAN THEY WERE IN LAST WEEK'S WIN. IT TOOK UNTIL THE SECOND QUARTER
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00037-00002442-00002449 WEEK'S WIN. IT TOOK UNTIL THE SECOND QUARTER  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00038-00002449-00002639 WEEK'S WIN. IT TOOK UNTIL THE SECOND QUARTER FOR THE OFFENSE TO COMPLETE A
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00039-00002639-00002645 IT TOOK UNTIL THE SECOND QUARTER FOR THE OFFENSE TO COMPLETE A  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00040-00002645-00002786 IT TOOK UNTIL THE SECOND QUARTER FOR THE OFFENSE TO COMPLETE A PASS.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00041-00002786-00002792 FOR THE OFFENSE TO COMPLETE A PASS.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00042-00002792-00003089 FOR THE OFFENSE TO COMPLETE A PASS. OGDEN WENT 0 FOR 3 AND JARED
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00043-00003089-00003096 PASS. OGDEN WENT 0 FOR 3 AND JARED  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00044-00003096-00003226 PASS. OGDEN WENT 0 FOR 3 AND JARED HENNING 6 FOR 9 WITH AN
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00045-00003226-00003233 OGDEN WENT 0 FOR 3 AND JARED HENNING 6 FOR 9 WITH AN  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00046-00003233-00003283 OGDEN WENT 0 FOR 3 AND JARED HENNING 6 FOR 9 WITH AN INTERCEPTION.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00047-00003283-00003289 HENNING 6 FOR 9 WITH AN INTERCEPTION.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00048-00003289-00003446 HENNING 6 FOR 9 WITH AN INTERCEPTION. THEY'LL NEED A BALANCED ATTACK
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00049-00003446-00003453 INTERCEPTION. THEY'LL NEED A BALANCED ATTACK  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00050-00003453-00003710 INTERCEPTION. THEY'LL NEED A BALANCED ATTACK FACING A DENSE THAT IS PRETTY
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00051-00003710-00003717 THEY'LL NEED A BALANCED ATTACK FACING A DENSE THAT IS PRETTY  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00052-00003717-00003770 THEY'LL NEED A BALANCED ATTACK FACING A DENSE THAT IS PRETTY STINGY.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00053-00003770-00003777 FACING A DENSE THAT IS PRETTY STINGY.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00054-00003777-00003820 FACING A DENSE THAT IS PRETTY STINGY. >> GUYS OPEN.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00055-00003820-00003827 STINGY. >> GUYS OPEN.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00056-00003827-00003937 STINGY. >> GUYS OPEN. IF YOU LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00057-00003937-00003943 >> GUYS OPEN. IF YOU LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00058-00003943-00004284 >> GUYS OPEN. IF YOU LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO GUYS, ALEC JUST
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00059-00004284-00004290 IF YOU LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO GUYS, ALEC JUST  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00060-00004290-00004624 IF YOU LOOK AT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO GUYS, ALEC JUST HELD ONTO THE BALL IN THE
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00061-00004624-00004631 BETWEEN THE TWO GUYS, ALEC JUST HELD ONTO THE BALL IN THE  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00062-00004631-00004701 BETWEEN THE TWO GUYS, ALEC JUST HELD ONTO THE BALL IN THE POCKET.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00063-00004701-00004708 HELD ONTO THE BALL IN THE POCKET.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00064-00004708-00004854 HELD ONTO THE BALL IN THE POCKET. YOU'VE EVENTUALLY GOT TO PULL
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00065-00004854-00004861 POCKET. YOU'VE EVENTUALLY GOT TO PULL  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00066-00004861-00005308 POCKET. YOU'VE EVENTUALLY GOT TO PULL THE TRIGGER.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00067-00005308-00005315 YOU'VE EVENTUALLY GOT TO PULL THE TRIGGER.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00068-00005315-00005422 YOU'VE EVENTUALLY GOT TO PULL THE TRIGGER. WE STARTED RUNNING
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00069-00005422-00005428 THE TRIGGER. WE STARTED RUNNING  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00070-00005428-00005772 THE TRIGGER. WE STARTED RUNNING THE BALL MORE EFFECTIVELY.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00071-00005772-00005779 WE STARTED RUNNING THE BALL MORE EFFECTIVELY.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00072-00005779-00005919 WE STARTED RUNNING THE BALL MORE EFFECTIVELY. >> EVERY HOMECOMING GAME I'VE
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00073-00005919-00005925 THE BALL MORE EFFECTIVELY. >> EVERY HOMECOMING GAME I'VE  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00074-00005925-00006109 THE BALL MORE EFFECTIVELY. >> EVERY HOMECOMING GAME I'VE PLAYED INSOFAR, WE'VE BLOWN THEM
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00075-00006109-00006116 >> EVERY HOMECOMING GAME I'VE PLAYED INSOFAR, WE'VE BLOWN THEM  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00076-00006116-00006172 >> EVERY HOMECOMING GAME I'VE PLAYED INSOFAR, WE'VE BLOWN THEM OUT.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00077-00006172-00006179 PLAYED INSOFAR, WE'VE BLOWN THEM OUT.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00078-00006179-00006292 PLAYED INSOFAR, WE'VE BLOWN THEM OUT. IT'S BEEN A GAME WE'RE SUPPOSED
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00079-00006292-00006299 OUT. IT'S BEEN A GAME WE'RE SUPPOSED  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00080-00006299-00006436 OUT. IT'S BEEN A GAME WE'RE SUPPOSED TO WIN BY A LOT, AND THIS GAME,
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00081-00006436-00006443 IT'S BEEN A GAME WE'RE SUPPOSED TO WIN BY A LOT, AND THIS GAME,  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00082-00006443-00006583 IT'S BEEN A GAME WE'RE SUPPOSED TO WIN BY A LOT, AND THIS GAME, PEOPLE ARE PICKING SIOUX FALLS,
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00083-00006583-00006589 TO WIN BY A LOT, AND THIS GAME, PEOPLE ARE PICKING SIOUX FALLS,  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00084-00006589-00006833 TO WIN BY A LOT, AND THIS GAME, PEOPLE ARE PICKING SIOUX FALLS, PEOPLE PICKING US.
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00085-00006833-00006840 PEOPLE ARE PICKING SIOUX FALLS, PEOPLE PICKING US.  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00086-00006840-00007033 PEOPLE ARE PICKING SIOUX FALLS, PEOPLE PICKING US. IT'S MORE EXCITING FOR THE FANS,
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00087-00007033-00007040 PEOPLE PICKING US. IT'S MORE EXCITING FOR THE FANS,  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00088-00007040-00007343 PEOPLE PICKING US. IT'S MORE EXCITING FOR THE FANS, FOR US, WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00089-00007343-00007350 IT'S MORE EXCITING FOR THE FANS, FOR US, WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO  
UmrKDxDhmJ0-00090-00007350-00007400 IT'S MORE EXCITING FOR THE FANS, FOR US, WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO EARN THE JUMP IN THE LAKE THAN
Uma3i9C5MYc-00000-00000010-00000173 AGAINST INTERNATIONAL FALLS, AND
Uma3i9C5MYc-00001-00000173-00000180 AGAINST INTERNATIONAL FALLS, AND  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00002-00000180-00000410 AGAINST INTERNATIONAL FALLS, AND PINE RIVER-BACKUS WINS BIG 80 TO
Uma3i9C5MYc-00003-00000410-00000417 AGAINST INTERNATIONAL FALLS, AND PINE RIVER-BACKUS WINS BIG 80 TO  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00004-00000417-00000457 AGAINST INTERNATIONAL FALLS, AND PINE RIVER-BACKUS WINS BIG 80 TO 59.
Uma3i9C5MYc-00005-00000457-00000463 PINE RIVER-BACKUS WINS BIG 80 TO 59.  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00006-00000463-00000553 PINE RIVER-BACKUS WINS BIG 80 TO 59. LET'S GO TO THE RINK.
Uma3i9C5MYc-00007-00000553-00000560 59. LET'S GO TO THE RINK.  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00008-00000560-00000827 59. LET'S GO TO THE RINK. HIGH SCHOOL BOYS HOCKEY: 
Uma3i9C5MYc-00009-00000827-00000834 LET'S GO TO THE RINK. HIGH SCHOOL BOYS HOCKEY:   
Uma3i9C5MYc-00010-00000834-00000957 LET'S GO TO THE RINK. HIGH SCHOOL BOYS HOCKEY:  BEMIDJI HOSTING ROSEAU.
Uma3i9C5MYc-00011-00000957-00000964 HIGH SCHOOL BOYS HOCKEY:  BEMIDJI HOSTING ROSEAU.  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00012-00000964-00001451 HIGH SCHOOL BOYS HOCKEY:  BEMIDJI HOSTING ROSEAU. NO SCORE.
Uma3i9C5MYc-00013-00001451-00001458 BEMIDJI HOSTING ROSEAU. NO SCORE.  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00014-00001458-00001761 BEMIDJI HOSTING ROSEAU. NO SCORE. THE WRISTER, 1-NOTHING BEMIDJI.
Uma3i9C5MYc-00015-00001761-00001768 NO SCORE. THE WRISTER, 1-NOTHING BEMIDJI.  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00016-00001768-00001901 NO SCORE. THE WRISTER, 1-NOTHING BEMIDJI. THEY ANSWER MOMENTS LATER.
Uma3i9C5MYc-00017-00001901-00001908 THE WRISTER, 1-NOTHING BEMIDJI. THEY ANSWER MOMENTS LATER.  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00018-00001908-00002122 THE WRISTER, 1-NOTHING BEMIDJI. THEY ANSWER MOMENTS LATER. A PASS BEHIND THE NET.
Uma3i9C5MYc-00019-00002122-00002128 THEY ANSWER MOMENTS LATER. A PASS BEHIND THE NET.  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00020-00002128-00002332 THEY ANSWER MOMENTS LATER. A PASS BEHIND THE NET. GETS A WHACK AT IT AND SCORES.
Uma3i9C5MYc-00021-00002332-00002338 A PASS BEHIND THE NET. GETS A WHACK AT IT AND SCORES.  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00022-00002338-00002462 A PASS BEHIND THE NET. GETS A WHACK AT IT AND SCORES. THAT TIES IT AT ONE.
Uma3i9C5MYc-00023-00002462-00002469 GETS A WHACK AT IT AND SCORES. THAT TIES IT AT ONE.  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00024-00002469-00002625 GETS A WHACK AT IT AND SCORES. THAT TIES IT AT ONE. AND JUST SECONDS BEFORE
Uma3i9C5MYc-00025-00002625-00002632 THAT TIES IT AT ONE. AND JUST SECONDS BEFORE  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00026-00002632-00002836 THAT TIES IT AT ONE. AND JUST SECONDS BEFORE INTERMISSION, LOOK AT HUNTER
Uma3i9C5MYc-00027-00002836-00002842 AND JUST SECONDS BEFORE INTERMISSION, LOOK AT HUNTER  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00028-00002842-00002942 AND JUST SECONDS BEFORE INTERMISSION, LOOK AT HUNTER OLSON OFF THE DRAW.
Uma3i9C5MYc-00029-00002942-00002949 INTERMISSION, LOOK AT HUNTER OLSON OFF THE DRAW.  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00030-00002949-00003109 INTERMISSION, LOOK AT HUNTER OLSON OFF THE DRAW. WHAT AN EFFORT.
Uma3i9C5MYc-00031-00003109-00003116 OLSON OFF THE DRAW. WHAT AN EFFORT.  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00032-00003116-00003353 OLSON OFF THE DRAW. WHAT AN EFFORT. THE KEEPER FOR HIS SECOND OF THE
Uma3i9C5MYc-00033-00003353-00003360 WHAT AN EFFORT. THE KEEPER FOR HIS SECOND OF THE  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00034-00003360-00003413 WHAT AN EFFORT. THE KEEPER FOR HIS SECOND OF THE SEASON.
Uma3i9C5MYc-00035-00003413-00003420 THE KEEPER FOR HIS SECOND OF THE SEASON.  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00036-00003420-00003600 THE KEEPER FOR HIS SECOND OF THE SEASON. THIS ONE GOES TO OVERTIME, THE
Uma3i9C5MYc-00037-00003600-00003606 SEASON. THIS ONE GOES TO OVERTIME, THE  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00038-00003606-00003736 SEASON. THIS ONE GOES TO OVERTIME, THE SECOND STRAIGHT FOR BEMIDJI, BUT
Uma3i9C5MYc-00039-00003736-00003743 THIS ONE GOES TO OVERTIME, THE SECOND STRAIGHT FOR BEMIDJI, BUT  
Uma3i9C5MYc-00040-00003743-00003800 THIS ONE GOES TO OVERTIME, THE SECOND STRAIGHT FOR BEMIDJI, BUT THEY LOSE A HEARTBREAKER ONCE
VoPT-OHrvhY-00000-00000003-00000372 hello everybody and welcome to the fourth episode of learning how to slap
VoPT-OHrvhY-00001-00000372-00000863 the bass. Originally the series was intended to finish in a week I wanted to
VoPT-OHrvhY-00002-00000863-00001313 practice every day for a week but it was impossible in the end. I'm trying to do
VoPT-OHrvhY-00003-00001313-00001613 it whenever I can. Right now due to this virus
VoPT-OHrvhY-00004-00001613-00002013 I can't work, I'm not earning money, that is a problem, but I've got time to
VoPT-OHrvhY-00005-00002013-00002397 practice with the bass so yeah that's a good point I guess. I was supposed to
VoPT-OHrvhY-00006-00002397-00002786 work every day, I was supposed to play during the weekend but pubs are closed
VoPT-OHrvhY-00007-00002786-00003234 the clubs are closed so we are not playing on Friday. I've already spoken
VoPT-OHrvhY-00008-00003234-00003693 enough let's start slapping. last time I started learning Higher Ground by
VoPT-OHrvhY-00009-00003693-00004686 Stevie Wonder in the version by Flea. Let me fix the camera a little bit. I guess it's
VoPT-OHrvhY-00010-00004686-00005103 time to look for some other material, some other exercises I can do. Second
VoPT-OHrvhY-00011-00005103-00006032 check-in of the day I found this exercise that works on octaves that is
VoPT-OHrvhY-00012-00006032-00006551 pretty nice and I can notice a couple of things: it's quite hard to maintain this
VoPT-OHrvhY-00013-00006551-00007038 position for a long time, after a while this part of the hand starts struggling
VoPT-OHrvhY-00014-00007038-00007481 a little bit. I've noticed that there are many people that keep the thumb almost
VoPT-OHrvhY-00015-00007481-00007973 parallel to the string and they go something like this, they come from above
VoPT-OHrvhY-00016-00007973-00008670 while  in the first video I saw it was more like this way. I think that this position
VoPT-OHrvhY-00017-00008670-00009125 is better for me even though with this position to play the second string for
VoPT-OHrvhY-00018-00009125-00009634 example or the third one it's not super easy while this way maybe
VoPT-OHrvhY-00019-00009634-00010561 it's a little bit easier to make it sound. I like this one much more. A little
VoPT-OHrvhY-00020-00010561-00011839 bit too fast. It was painful! I'm also changing the song I'm
VoPT-OHrvhY-00021-00011839-00012250 practicing with, I think it's gonna be quite surprising, but probably not that
VoPT-OHrvhY-00022-00012250-00012736 much for some of you. You'll see in a few minutes or better you will see it right
VoPT-OHrvhY-00023-00012736-00013588 now probably but it's gonna be in a few minutes for me.  My hand is probably too
VoPT-OHrvhY-00024-00013588-00014065 crammed. If that is a word in English. I probably create a little bit too much
VoPT-OHrvhY-00025-00014065-00014575 tension with this and I really feel like I need to press a lot. If I don't I get this
VoPT-OHrvhY-00026-00014575-00014935 cranky sound and I also feel like I'm moving my right hand a little bit too
VoPT-OHrvhY-00027-00014935-00015853 much. Let me know in the comments if you know anything about slapping the bass.
VoPT-OHrvhY-00028-00017028-00017704 One other thing is that I probably keep my little finger a little bit too stiff.
VoPT-OHrvhY-00029-00017704-00018193 I notice that sometimes it's all like this, like this thing here that is
VoPT-OHrvhY-00030-00018193-00018635 probably not good at all, it should be something like this.
VoPT-OHrvhY-00031-00019085-00019632 Okay this is definitely too fast for me right now, maybe in the next few days I
VoPT-OHrvhY-00032-00019632-00020025 will be able to practice more to do this much more fluently. Let's move to the
VoPT-OHrvhY-00033-00020025-00020505 song. I'm going to study it on my own and then I'm going to check in with you to
VoPT-OHrvhY-00034-00020505-00020709 see the results. Okay this is the song I'm trying to
VoPT-OHrvhY-00035-00020709-00021153 learn, I just checked it out but I'm probably gonna make a lot of mistakes, but I think
VoPT-OHrvhY-00036-00021153-00021420 you're gonna get what I'm trying to learn. In the next few days I'm going to
VoPT-OHrvhY-00037-00021420-00021921 practice it more and try to make it sound good and to hit the right notes I
VoPT-OHrvhY-00038-00021921-00022268 suppose. Should be something like
VoPT-OHrvhY-00039-00024730-00025271 okay time for my challenge with Davie504 I'm gonna try to play something
VoPT-OHrvhY-00040-00025271-00025610 different from the last time.
VoPT-OHrvhY-00042-00030089-00030512 today Iì'm probably gotta practice again tomorrow but now I want to cook. Thank
VoPT-OHrvhY-00043-00030512-00030899 you all for watching, this was the fourth episode of learning huw to slap the bass. There's
VoPT-OHrvhY-00044-00030899-00031252 gonna be a fifth to sixth and a seventh. Thank y'all for watching bye bye, by
VoPT-OHrvhY-00045-00031252-00033036 Major7even
VoRykzokOmM-00000-00000067-00000406 Hi, I'm Mario, Mario I am
VoRykzokOmM-00001-00000406-00000679 and to be honest I am a bit tired
VoRykzokOmM-00002-00000679-00000985 of not being able to self-name me Youtuber/
VoRykzokOmM-00003-00000985-00001121 Influencer/
VoRykzokOmM-00004-00001159-00001446 Whatever because of
VoRykzokOmM-00005-00001446-00001717 not having official channels and so on, to corroborate me such a nomenclature
VoRykzokOmM-00006-00001778-00002066 But... Well, I think that this is gonna be over
VoRykzokOmM-00007-00002066-00002345 and so
VoRykzokOmM-00008-00002345-00002642 I've been all my fvcking life
VoRykzokOmM-00009-00002642-00002950 youtuber/Influencer/mongolian (with all due respect to the
VoRykzokOmM-00010-00002950-00003234 honorable and historic national of Mongolia)
VoRykzokOmM-00011-00003234-00003483 all my fvcking life
VoRykzokOmM-00012-00003483-00003772 and fvcking everyone laughing at me,
VoRykzokOmM-00013-00003772-00004106 and without having any official recognition, for what has been previously stated
VoRykzokOmM-00014-00004106-00004423 for what has been previously stated
VoRykzokOmM-00015-00004423-00004716 And... Well, I present here my Youtube channel
VoRykzokOmM-00017-00004975-00005259 as you can deduce,
VoRykzokOmM-00018-00005259-00005555 because here comes cultivated and deductive people
VoRykzokOmM-00019-00005595-00005892 my offical name, which is in my official documents, is Mario
VoRykzokOmM-00020-00005892-00006155 which is in my official documents, is Mario
VoRykzokOmM-00021-00006156-00006409 But on the Internet
VoRykzokOmM-00022-00006420-00006986 I have chosen name myself Olaxonmario (Helloimmario)
VoRykzokOmM-00024-00007035-00007214 all together and without separating
VoRykzokOmM-00026-00007442-00007934 Well, because of a story
VoRykzokOmM-00028-00007984-00008260 that maybe one day I'll talk about, but it  has no greater relevance
VoRykzokOmM-00029-00008260-00008528 to what we are discussing, important issues
VoRykzokOmM-00031-00008668-00008913 Wichtig (important in german)
VoRykzokOmM-00032-00008914-00009056 Important, important in english?
VoRykzokOmM-00033-00009180-00009740 Well,  i think it's almost done,
VoRykzokOmM-00034-00009740-00009790 It's done, isn't it?
VoRykzokOmM-00035-00010005-00010105 or not?
VoRykzokOmM-00036-00010165-00010513 Yes, I think it's done, yes yes, it's done
VoRykzokOmM-00038-00010794-00011068 i will...
VoRykzokOmM-00039-00011068-00011374 start uploading stuff and so on over here
VoRykzokOmM-00040-00011374-00011772 stuff that i like, and you too, you told me so
VoRykzokOmM-00041-00011772-00011822 JUSHHHHHHH
VoRykzokOmM-00042-00011822-00012004 JUSHHHHHHH
VoRykzokOmM-00043-00012004-00012874 and... Benvides, Benvidos, Benvidas, Willkommen, Wellcome, Bienvenidos
VoRykzokOmM-00045-00012924-00013211 and so on, BYEEEEE
VoRykzokOmM-00046-00013211-00013311 Tschüss
VoRykzokOmM-00047-00013565-00013718 Watch my other nonexistent videos
VoRykzokOmM-00049-00013832-00014212 give me thumbs up, chuses*
VoRykzokOmM-00051-00014516-00014847 Follow me on Social Media from myself
V4Nbuen1epM-00000-00000000-00001780 Charlie C - 04.07.2014 HD
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00000-00000000-00000139 Minute math,
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00001-00000139-00000568 Minute Math, when you need help you use Minute Math.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00002-00000592-00001056 Hi I'm Sean Gannon and this is Minute Math and today we're learning about
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00003-00001092-00001492 performing calculations using the order of operations
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00004-00001536-00001946 so order of operations. Well few things we want to
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00005-00002043-00002243 touch base first, okay.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00006-00002332-00002583 Exponential notation good thing to note here
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00007-00002758-00002958 Exponential notation
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00008-00002984-00003788 Okay. So a lot of times we'll see stuff like this a to the n power. What that really means is
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00009-00003792-00004092 a times a times a times
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00010-00004092-00004229 dot dot dot
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00011-00004229-00004470 times a. And there are n
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00012-00004537-00004737 factors.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00013-00004786-00005602 of it. So, that's a good thing to know. So for example, 4 squared is really just 4 times 4, which is 16.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00014-00005624-00005753 Okay?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00015-00005753-00006334 Ok, now we have the base and we have the exponent. So the base here is that a
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00016-00006470-00006708 and then the n is what we call our exponent.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00017-00006966-00007070 Our exponent 
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00018-00007070-00007409 So these are little terms to kind of get you ready for this.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00019-00007411-00008083 So we have the order of operations. Order of operations is a big key here. Order
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00020-00008189-00008389 of
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00021-00008422-00008622 operations
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00022-00008872-00009192 Okay, and now we always um
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00023-00009268-00009738 We'll see with the order of operations you'll hear something called PEMDAS p e m
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00024-00009774-00010212 P E M D A S
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00025-00010244-00010538 PEMDAS. Okay, what they stand for. P is our
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00026-00010660-00010884 parentheses.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00027-00011150-00011416 E stands for our exponents.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00028-00011866-00012200 M is multiplication.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00029-00012746-00013147 And division for the D.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00030-00013600-00013854 A is addition.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00031-00014300-00014878 And S for PEMDAS there at the end here is subtraction.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00032-00015036-00015794 Okay, now notice multiplication and division are on the same line. And addition and subtraction are also on the same line,
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00033-00015808-00016289 okay. Now one thing when we do PEMDAS we use our order of operation here.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00034-00016313-00017118 We have to read left to right in relationship with PEMDAS, okay. So always comes first is parentheses then exponents
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00035-00017124-00017256 then multiplication,
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00036-00017256-00017621 division and addition, subtraction. But again we read left to right,
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00037-00017656-00018141 okay. So it's hierarchy first then as we go down left to right within it
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00038-00018141-00018599 So if there's multiple multiplications we would read left to right there. Okay?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00039-00018676-00019064 Okay, so let's just kind of practice a few here. Okay?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00040-00019186-00019386 Well, let's go our first one
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00041-00019398-00019710 um a
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00042-00019710-00019882 and we have
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00043-00019882-00020082 3 times 2
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00044-00020112-00020656 Squared minus 4 times 6 plus 2, okay?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00045-00020782-00021390 Order of operations tells us that our first thing we want to do is within each parentheses simplify.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00046-00021390-00021695 So first parentheses, we see 3 times 2 is 6.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00047-00021787-00022278 Keep the square there, minus 4 on the outside. Now look inside of this
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00048-00022369-00023111 parenthesis, we have 6 plus 2. Now, addition is one of the last parts of our list here for PEMDAS but since it's within the
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00049-00023140-00023622 parentheses, we do that first 6 plus 2 is 8. And there we have it
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00050-00023716-00024302 Alright, 6 squared. Let's go exponents next. Okay exponents is our next step.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00051-00024330-00025152 Well go down, nothing really to simplify within the parentheses, so exponents again. Next 6 squared is 36
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00052-00025204-00025418 minus 4 times 8
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00053-00025522-00026260 Next as we go down there is no more exponents, multiplication and division. Well multiplication right here, right? 4 times 8
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00054-00026326-00026568 So 4 times 8 we have 32.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00055-00026594-00026802 Now we have 36 out here.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00056-00026858-00027463 Lastly, last operation is subtraction. 36 minus 32 is 4, and now
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00057-00027520-00027688 we're done, okay?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00058-00027708-00028268 So let's go through another uh another example here. Let me go erase this so we have some more space.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00059-00028483-00028868 And for this one, I'm going to write it out. We have 5
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00060-00029020-00029186 squared minus
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00061-00029188-00029426 4 over 7
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00062-00029518-00029886 equals the square root of 11 minus
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00063-00029886-00030368 oh I'm sorry not equals, minus the square root not equal to, different types of problems here.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00064-00030420-00030935 minus the square root of 11 minus 2. Now, pause this video right now,
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00065-00030936-00031327 see if you can solve it yourself. Go through your steps and then follow along with me.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00066-00031682-00031756 Okay.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00067-00031802-00031994 So, the first step here
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00068-00031994-00032289 okay, what I'm gonna do is well, I'm gonna
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00069-00032366-00032733 this square root is really kind of like a
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00070-00032744-00033432 parenthesis with an exponent, right? We know square root is taking something to the one-half power if we put parentheses around it.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00071-00033433-00033901 That's where this is tricky. So we need to simplify within that square root first.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00072-00033927-00034363 So 5 squared minus 4 over 7 on the outside and
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00073-00034404-00035070 And then just kind of leave that as be and we have square root here 11 minus 2 comes out to be 9.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00074-00035168-00035774 From there, let's go simplify it. Let's simplify. That's where we have an exponent now, okay?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00075-00035777-00036259 So before this was kind of like a parenthesis. Now we have exponent 1/2 power
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00076-00036259-00037045 And so that's gonna be, well square root of 9 is 3. So we bring down the 5 squared minus 4 over
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00077-00037076-00037178 7
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00078-00037178-00037992 Okay? Now 5 squared again, we can say that's another exponent. We can uh simplify that. So 5 squared is 25
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00079-00038012-00038336 minus 4 over 7 minus 3
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00080-00038390-00038720 This is where it gets a little tricky, okay?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00081-00038796-00038944 At first you want to say division first
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00082-00038952-00039002 And yes
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00083-00039002-00039362 you can divide into each one of these sure, but
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00084-00039408-00040096 the operation really tells us that this 25 minus 4 needs to happen first, that subtraction
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00085-00040110-00040452 Okay? You could imagine like there's parentheses there
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00086-00040536-00040736 25 minus 4 is 21
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00087-00040808-00041622 over 7 minus 3. Now, next is division. 21 divided by 7 is 3
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00088-00041622-00042106 So we have 3 minus 3, and our final answer here is just 0 because of subtraction.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00089-00042152-00042508 And so there we have our final answer is 0. Did you get that?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00090-00042575-00042919 Let me know below if you went through this and actually you got it before me.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00091-00042944-00043330 Alright, let me erase this here and go on to the next one.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00092-00043364-00043891 We have 6 minus the absolute value of 5 minus 8
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00093-00044021-00044587 Plus 3 times in parenthesis 4 minus 1, okay?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00094-00044740-00045414 Alright, well one thing with the absolute value, it's like a parentheses, okay? It has the same
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00095-00045518-00046204 standard if you will, same hierarchy there. So we have to treat that with in as a parentheses first. So six comes down.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00096-00046240-00046814 Oh!, pause it here. See you if you can solve it first. Alright, so this comes down
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00097-00046848-00047098 parenthesis 5 minus 8 minus 3
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00098-00047128-00047658 plus 3 times my next parenthesis, 4 minus 1 being 3.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00099-00047719-00047919 Alright, keep going. Now
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00100-00047974-00048149 Let's simplify this
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00101-00048149-00048696 6 minus absolute value of negative 3 is a positive 3
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00102-00048800-00049478 Okay, remember it's a distance from 0. Then we have plus here. And well, there's nothing really to simplify, right?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00103-00049550-00050048 There's no parentheses parts here. We can't simplify within the 3 so to save face here
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00104-00050072-00050490 we'll leave it as such. Now we can deal with multiplication
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00105-00050506-00050862 next all my parentheses are done. There's no exponents, so multiplication.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00106-00050920-00051528 Now, 6 minus a positive 3 I can write the like that but multiplication here 3 times 3
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00107-00051591-00051655 9
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00108-00051728-00052262 Alright next we have subtraction, and addition and we read left to right here. So why don't we do this?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00109-00052327-00052498 6 minus 3 comes first.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00110-00052498-00053121 That's a 3, and we'll bring down the 9. 3 plus 9 is 12, and so my final answer here
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00111-00053135-00053335 is just 12.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00112-00053355-00053741 Did you get it? Maybe. Alright, let's do another one.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00113-00053955-00054155 So this one's a little tricky.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00114-00054238-00054812 We have 14 minus 3 times 2 over
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00115-00054828-00054974 2 times
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00116-00054976-00055694 5 minus 3 squared, okay? We want to simplify this. So again, we look down PEMDAS
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00117-00055694-00055814 We don't see any really
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00118-00055816-00056674 parentheses, but we do see an exponent. So let's go deal with that first, okay? So 14 minus 3 times 2 over
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00119-00056691-00057224 2 times 5 minus 3 squared which is 9
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00120-00057288-00057696 Okay, then from there we keep on going. Let's put a little equal sign.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00121-00057874-00058440 14 stays where it is, let's do multiplication. 3 times 2 is a 6,
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00122-00058494-00059016 and 2 times 5, the next multiplication, is a 10. And then we have a minus 9
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00123-00059086-00059890 So now we kind of think of the numerator and denominator as its own little parentheses. We the simplify that first before we can divide.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00124-00059944-00060510 So 14 minus 6 is actually next. And if you need to see it like this you can, it might help you.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00125-00060561-00060761 14 minus 6 is an 8, and
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00126-00060808-00061150 10 minus 9 is a 1. This simplifies,
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00127-00061160-00061674 well pretty easily, 8 divided by 1 is 8. And there we have our answer, okay?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00128-00061810-00062536 Alright, we got one more for you here. So let's erase this and see if you can get this last one.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00129-00062655-00063264 7 times 5 times 3 minus 2
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00130-00063402-00063912 Bracket 6 minus 3 minus 4 squared
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00131-00064091-00064736 plus 1, okay? Now brackets are a lot like parentheses, same rules apply.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00132-00064806-00064950 Okay?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00133-00064950-00065090 So
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00134-00065098-00065400 Let's go first. Let's deal with what's inside our parentheses,
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00135-00065428-00065966 okay? So 7 on the outside, but in our parentheses here 5 times 3 gives us our
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00136-00066018-00066273 15
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00137-00066273-00066875 minus 2 times, now we're going to deal within this bracket first, but within that bracket we have another parenthesis.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00138-00066875-00067076 So let's deal with that inside one first.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00139-00067145-00067345 6 minus 3 is a 3
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00140-00067383-00067583 minus 4 squared
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00141-00067623-00067823 plus 1
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00142-00067860-00068188 okay? Now, next we see within this
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00143-00068258-00068724 bracket, we have an exponent. So we kind of, it kind of makes another subset of our PEMDAS
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00144-00068754-00069456 So he's 7 times 15 out here minus 2 times, well 3 minus 4 squared, which is 16.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00145-00069582-00069717 plus 1
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00146-00069717-00070372 Now, we have another parentheses we need to simplify, which is that bracket. So bring everything else down
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00147-00070488-00070838 and inside that bracket 3 minus 16 is a negative 13.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00148-00071022-00071482 Now, brackets are usually used to help, when you look at it, uh parentheses and
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00149-00071577-00071837 if you have a lot of parentheses here, it gets kind of cluttered.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00150-00071837-00072346 So brackets are kind of used there, but you can convert a bracket to a parenthesis or vice versa anytime.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00151-00072380-00073068 Usually it's bracket to parentheses. Okay, so let's keep going. We have 7 times 15 here
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00152-00073118-00073856 minus we have parentheses, let's deal with that multiplication, okay? And actually let me, actually let's do both multiplications together. Why not?
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00153-00073940-00074140 Sorry, I got ahead of myself.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00154-00074190-00074498 7 times 15 is a 105.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00155-00074574-00075248 minus, now we have a minus 2 times a negative 13. Negative times a negative is a positive,
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00156-00075266-00075606 right? the multiplication going on here, and 2 times 13 is 26.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00157-00075714-00075914 And then we have a plus 1
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00158-00075918-00076672 So, now we have addition across the board. Okay. So 105 plus 26 plus 1 comes out to be a
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00159-00076678-00077266 132, we added them all up. And there we go, there we have it. Ok.
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00160-00077346-00077563 So if you found this video helpful
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00161-00077564-00078254 please comment and like and subscribe. And uh hope you learned something from our order of
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00162-00078268-00078428 operation using
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00163-00078450-00078548 PEMDAS
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00164-00078568-00078816 Minute Math, Minute Math
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00165-00078826-00079284 When you need help you use Minute Math. Minute Math
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00166-00079306-00079714 Minute Math, when you need help you use Minute Math
Vs0c6EQ8Lx0-00167-00079730-00080036 MinuteMathTutor.com
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00000-00000132-00000268 oh my goodness [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00001-00001404-00002116 into the sky to the sky my [__] dc flat just ate it shrimp and fried it's to the sky
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00002-00002180-00002572 up to the sky uh-huh my [__] dc black just ate the shrimp in france
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00003-00002732-00003156 don't be stingy with it let a [__] like me just walk through and hit it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00004-00003268-00003860 hey cause i'ma spit my business and knock up on a bunch of those like jehovah's witness i got a
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00005-00003860-00004508 message to preach i'm trying to reach these folks yeah i never have to breach these hoes i mean lie
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00006-00004508-00005052 to them cause i'm telling them the truth i'd be like girl you so cute with your sad tooth loose
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00007-00005388-00005948 i seen it when she bitter apple ooh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00008-00007140-00007892 to the sky oh [__] dc fly just ate the shrimp and fried to the sky yeah up to the sky my
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00009-00007892-00008532 [__] dc flat just ain't just shrimping they saved my life what it saved my life
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00010-00009900-00010396 one more time they saved my life one more time this ain't my life
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00011-00010556-00011332 man i feel so good to the sky up to the sky my [__] dc fly just ate the shrimp and brussels
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00012-00011332-00011796 to the sky to the sky my [__] dc fly just crushed us
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00013-00012084-00012828 i say what i say what i how you feel hold on man y'all stench and y'all don't never give me none
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00014-00012828-00013108 and every time i come ain't nothing left but some crumbs
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00015-00013188-00013724 hey i'm trying to increase my funds and make the future brighter for my [__] and my sons
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00016-00013963-00014268 and my sons make the future brighter for your [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00017-00016948-00017212 my [__] all the way in the bronx you know what i'm saying
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00018-00017380-00018044 i feel so good damn damn that's what food dude make it feel good right right there right now
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00019-00018348-00018684 go ahead and say it right quick hey welcome back to the 85 south show
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00020-00018892-00019708 uh what's this the thanksgiving edition special yeah i think so thanksgiving okay like a [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00021-00019708-00020108 yeah thanksgiving you know what i mean the first thanksgiving that you're not supposed to be with
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00022-00020108-00020660 your family oh [__] i got an alert on my phone that [__] came through like an amber alert today
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00023-00020660-00021348 phone went off man hold up bro we got a whole last table you gonna roll up on the couch
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00024-00021412-00022044 i feel so dead there you go slide that [__] out to a little bit oh my bad sometimes he wants
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00025-00022044-00022556 [__] to be like right next to me we didn't came up we don't know you know yeah ain't no
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00026-00022556-00023084 was accessible like you ain't got to move up we'll move it to you ain't no money yeah cause they they
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00027-00023084-00023540 the lambo amber alert came through and said please stay safe during this thanksgiving don't be around
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00028-00023540-00023996 nobody who don't live in your house and all that they say if you bring them food leave the plate
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00029-00023996-00024548 at the door like what the [__] need to play like like postman like postmates you just bring
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00030-00024548-00024940 the turkey and just drop it off at the front door this thanksgiving this is gonna be a weird one man
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00031-00024996-00025588 [__] gonna be together [__] gonna be putting up getting cake getting [__] all that it is
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00032-00025588-00026300 what it is it's protein in the [__] what just remember that don't be scared it's protein in
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00033-00026300-00026948 the [__] so you think the protein in the [__] can help stop coping yep the antibodies antibodies
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00034-00028508-00028748 i'm gonna play red dead redemption from the beginning
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00035-00029020-00029564 next thanksgiving you play games i already beat it you play games but i'm gonna be from the beginning
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00036-00029564-00030204 yeah yeah on the low well what you doing xbox and playstation you push in yeah i see you know
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00037-00030204-00030836 sports [__] know you you play game games i like shooters though he is easy person you play games
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00038-00030836-00031300 yeah i play sport it's a different i can't do the first person i got a theory on the first person
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00039-00031300-00031788 shooters if you ain't had double o seven on this uh oh no if you can't if you ain't had that game
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00040-00031788-00032227 then you can't play first person shooting that [__] i [__] with i love you i love with it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00041-00032227-00032604 i can't do that i can't sit down and play game like that cuz i get mad that [__] don't [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00042-00032604-00033156 yeah i know gang started doing [__] lose [__] you destroy [__] i don't have real
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00043-00033156-00033988 cabinets and all types of [__] that well i ain't getting the psi [__] i'm still on the ps4
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00044-00033988-00034564 this one i really got into the uh like for real heavy on the game [__] like the story modes and
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00045-00034564-00035140 [__] resident evil one on playstation one that was the hardest game i ever had to beat but like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00046-00035212-00035724 it was just at the crib and when nobody played and i started playing it and then i figured it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00047-00035724-00036140 out like it's an actual game because we just kept getting to the one part and couldn't figure out
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00048-00036140-00036764 what the [__] to do so i once i beat that [__] i was the goat on on like completing games like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00049-00036764-00037108 i like to play to completion that's why i don't really [__] with the online [__] because this
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00050-00037108-00037532 [__] just never yeah i need to play with a goal in mind i like the story mode too all right mine
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00051-00037532-00038140 was less than even two with leon oh at the police station but that [__] was so hard alligator come
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00052-00038140-00038524 through under the sewer yeah it missed the x in them yeah that's what i mean one game i beat
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00053-00038524-00038996 what it was a game on not on super nintendo what's the one that it's when you had to do the cops
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00054-00039404-00039828 the super nintendo you talking about great put it in and they only had to receive the remember reset
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00055-00039828-00040628 button button yeah that's what i'm saying the game i beat that and mario and and uh nba streak
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00056-00040628-00041100 on video i will check this out like on nintendo the game used to be hard as [__] some games you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00057-00041100-00041604 needed like another [__] that you could beat it with like contra and like them type of [__] and
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00058-00041604-00042084 then like double dragon 2 when you can start playing together teenage mutant ninja turtles
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00059-00042084-00042564 and [__] like that so yeah like i used to always play with my big cousin we'll beat them [__] so
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00060-00042564-00042940 like but y'all but that's the thing about the regular nintendo what no save [__] no you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00061-00042940-00043268 had to play the whole whatever you stopped that you started from the beginning when you turned
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00062-00043268-00043708 that bro once you get past level four and get to that board ain't nobody seen you look up it's 30
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00063-00043708-00044220 [__] from the hood like never seen they got an underwater board on this [__] exactly that was
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00064-00044220-00044684 the hardest mission on the ninja turtles on the uh on the nintendos where you had to go underwater
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00065-00044684-00045068 and then unhook all the bombs and then you had to dodge the electrical see what that [__] was
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00066-00045492-00045932 the game that made me the maddest was that mike tyson punch out man like i get the
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00067-00045932-00046452 mike tyson mike tyson hit you one time have your energy going you it might hit you one
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00068-00047236-00047484 knock your ass out and then mario show up and just
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00069-00047484-00047796 look at the computer look at the screen like man that means
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00070-00048252-00048524 and then when you lose you got to spike that [__] all the way from
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00071-00048524-00048948 the beginning man ain't no save like they [__] with mortal kombat i got the news
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00072-00049284-00049612 yes sir that was my guy ain't nobody [__] with luke kane
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00073-00049612-00050060 luke hey boy i had the cheat code i used to do that [__] you would never beat me with raven
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00074-00050236-00050668 all day zero i'm freezing the [__] out every time you come scoops throw the [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00075-00054867-00055396 the story mode and you get the [__] shang soon oh yeah that man that [__] that's a
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00076-00055396-00056204 wrap that was the first moment um scorpio scorpion too scorpio get over here so what
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00077-00056204-00056467 are they brothers that they just didn't know they ain't [__] they [__] with each other
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00078-00056540-00057020 come back yeah they was they was there nobody in the game really [__] with each other yeah like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00079-00057020-00057660 three [__] johnny page and sony [__] that they were [__] on low yeah and what it was and what
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00080-00058732-00058972 that's a vague ass description decent nah he used
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00081-00058972-00059276 to have a new cane used to have a leg the little kid did a kick
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00082-00059491-00060060 johnny the one with the kick johnny k was [__] sawing you yep right um and
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00083-00060060-00060460 we knew that as kids too it was something just about the way they said you always say huh he
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00084-00062467-00063044 the super mario he's been chasing the princess for 35 years that [__] still ain't [__] i
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00085-00063044-00063636 think she really left with cooper i don't think he kidnapped her that [__] had a [__] pirate ship
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00086-00063884-00064228 [__] had a pirate ship that can fly through the air
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00087-00064228-00064660 what [__] don't want to ride on that and he always told him man you need to
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00088-00067380-00067796 i think luigi knew where she was the whole time you know your pot ain't gonna tell
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00089-00067796-00068316 you that your girl [__] know he already knew it kept using your shirt yo she's like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00090-00068492-00069412 what i need to do man i need you got me [__] up i'm gonna take my favorite person on that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00091-00069412-00069908 [__] toad so he's so nonchalant about all that [__] had a vest he ain't give
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00092-00069908-00070172 a [__] about none of that he just walked in are you still looking for that [__] man
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00093-00071404-00071844 everyone he still ain't got her yet they had to mario where they get married at the end none of
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00094-00071844-00072540 them it was never even implied that she wanted to be saved she wasn't in no danger this [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00095-00072540-00073076 cooper king cooper picked her up in his pirate ship they flat through the sky with some [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00096-00073076-00073508 who wouldn't do it nothing but protecting her right you had to go through seven worlds
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00097-00073596-00074116 to get to her man that's safety women love security right that's some gangster [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00098-00074116-00074788 right and then you had a castle in each world this [__] cooper cooper was set up vicious he had a
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00099-00074788-00075292 really good real estate real estate like jesus was talking about that [__] on the half of mario
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00100-00075292-00075828 land [__] every boy that [__] had a castle you had to be to get to the next castle then you get
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00101-00075828-00076236 to the last mission this [__] really don't even try to fight you he just come out drunk
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00102-00076444-00076980 all you got pass me all you can have he kept giving the [__] no he kept
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00103-00076980-00077468 giving him she kept leaving she kept running every game she's like mario
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00104-00077812-00078228 i'm outside of this come on right she leave with the [__] and get the [__] up this [__] keep
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00105-00078228-00078668 doing real estate schemes this [__] got another castle every super mario it ain't
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00106-00078668-00079140 one that came out and he get new skills this new drugs they put in the game every game to help him
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00107-00079140-00079724 be a better mario this [__] got a ponytail on his ass on one and then they turned into a raccoon
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00108-00079724-00080308 this [__] can eat a star and because [__] go around that was pcp i didn't sing [__] on pcp
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00109-00080308-00080740 for mario 3. what about what about the gold star that man that's the pcp that's what i'm saying
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00110-00080868-00081548 they're getting visually get that star you can hit a little crackhead music
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00111-00085596-00086004 that was just his imagination exactly he was just hiding it was [__] with us
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00112-00086004-00086356 but the music changed you go down there whatever down there that must have been rehab
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00113-00086772-00087300 he's hot as hell and you still think you're on the mission you're just here in the trash can man
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00114-00087300-00087700 they look crazy that the playstation 5 just came out and we sitting here telling you how great
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00115-00087700-00088356 nintendo is right because it's the legendary yeah i mean and then the thing is for playstation ps5
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00116-00088356-00088676 they still ain't put out a new grand theft auto game they re-running that mall they
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00117-00088676-00089124 re-rocking the [__] out grand theft auto same fight they didn't put it by city again
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00118-00089260-00089660 boy that was the and that's why i say now kids ain't as bad as
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00119-00089660-00090148 we make him out to be because [__] we playing grand theft auto we was way worse i seen it with
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00120-00090148-00090788 like bruh that game in the strip club walk on stage and just shoot the [__] out of strippers
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00121-00090788-00091348 so the security and get into a shooting match with me bro that's what i do just walk on stage
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00122-00091620-00092036 no reason that [__] was fun as [__] to me let the security come out with all their guns
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00123-00092036-00092748 and i put the cheat code in and get to hitting the rocket launcher in the strip club around the house
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00124-00092892-00093404 get all the stars up and put the chi code in now the police is walking around confused as a [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00125-00093772-00094204 amen y'all not learned about um the beach
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00126-00094292-00094836 what's that [__] out there ella what uh uh uh malibu that's when i knew i said i got to go to
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00127-00094836-00095364 this i played on the game so much i knew exactly where i was freaking weirdos man y'all went up
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00128-00095364-00096060 here the last time we had got down home girls from other podcasts up there oh goddamn legs and drills
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00129-00096060-00096428 but they find there yeah i always want to get the women when i'm gone
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00130-00096636-00096860 here yeah by
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00131-00097836-00098268 scoop him up and run don't let his [__] know he got him and just keep saying hey dc we ain't gonna
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00132-00098796-00099204 a whole bunch of abc double g's in there with you man y'all like [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00133-00099204-00099556 i want some of that you think i would just do you like that like cut you out
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00134-00099620-00100108 and not let y'all be around some great people like this hey the way i saw you smiling on that podcast
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00135-00100220-00100660 on that episode you were like i got these [__] that's it and it seemed like it was more space
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00136-00100660-00101188 in here that day it seemed like they opened up the room they backed everything up so [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00137-00103740-00103868 sit down you must
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00138-00105188-00105348 what
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00139-00107044-00107404 we dropped our first episode christmas 2015.
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00140-00107611-00107956 so somebody sent us this i think early so we're just going to use it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00141-00108068-00108411 by the time the anniversary comes this [__] is going to be clean yeah all the way but we're
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00142-00108411-00108924 going to keep it right there all right [__] hey shout out to the uh plant man this we're
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00143-00108924-00109468 getting linked up with this local black i was wondering we're going to continue to water
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00144-00112276-00112908 get your [__] man what y'all been up to are you not all working drinking getting put food
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00145-00113259-00113668 look at me that [__] keep your hands on national tv okay no
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00146-00115059-00115292 get to be here get some of that perspective this time
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00147-00115411-00116124 first of all congratulations on y'all podcast though thank you black queen doing a [__] diesel
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00148-00116180-00116732 y'all want to read this let's read this [__] y'all [__] ready read on three
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00149-00116732-00117356 one two three read hey we bout to audition for our own [__] they do it all right here we go
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00150-00117356-00117868 i'm auditioning for lost i'm auditioning for chico and i'm gonna audition for that [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00151-00118028-00118844 all right can we read it off the paper is that all right table read check this out in honor
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00152-00118844-00119435 of our five year anniversary you say that ronaldo you're right let me start over i gotta do it again
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00153-00119668-00120308 and action check this out in honor of our five year anniversary we'll bring it back
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00154-00120620-00121132 yeah all right cut again gotta do it again [__] all right and now cause they said they wanted
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00155-00121132-00121459 me to read it how low should read it that's why i'm trying to read it like looks like all right
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00156-00121676-00122268 just get through it though yeah yeah i'm not bad y'all check this out and all of our five
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00157-00122268-00122980 year anniversary we're bringing you black fridays not just one friday dot dot dot all of them that's
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00158-00122980-00123659 right every friday for the rest of the year we got something special for you all y'all for y'all hey
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00159-00123852-00124164 tell them what we got lois yup
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00160-00124468-00124996 it's on me yeah oh where y'all [__] oh [__] all right uh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00161-00125164-00125428 am i who i'm gonna say that too you or him whoever
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00162-00125483-00126180 oh who's who's you talking so i should be talking to you but i said okay so so what we got oh gee
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00163-00126308-00127148 all right this friday we bringing back the 1 800 roaches team
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00164-00129020-00129876 for the first time ever we dropping the jogger set in red yep it's on me again yeah
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00165-00130172-00130396 why [__] win
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00166-00132132-00133372 85 apparel code.com and if you can't spell that just go to 85selfshow.com and click the shop tab
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00167-00133372-00133852 cyber monday that was in bold so i thought that was for all of us but go ahead
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00168-00133852-00134748 we got another one for y'all it's on me yeah can i can i can i can i do like some improv right here
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00169-00135604-00136812 let's go get the oscar right there right so what we uh oh wait wait another one another one do that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00170-00136812-00137548 again go ahead again another one yo you gotta you gotta get live bro this yo that's your shot
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00171-00138356-00139212 another one for cyber monday we got a deal where you can just pay 85 percent of whatever it really
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00172-00139212-00139740 costs got another shot they do it got another shot i took that one high so i'm gonna be so
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00173-00139812-00140196 fifteen percent oh get your dessert along get your denzel on yeah
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00174-00140268-00141092 but 85 percent on just sounds cooler you got a point so the 85
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00175-00141092-00142020 on sale this monday starting at 12 that rhymed just in a promo code loose legs at checkout
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00176-00142516-00143148 new window
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00177-00144052-00144484 if you subscribe to the newsletter and the text promo
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00178-00144484-00145220 you can get another 15 percent off if you don't know so that's up to 30 percent off this cyber
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00179-00145220-00145844 monday not tuesday but monday that's a fun day so follow 85 of pedro co
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00180-00148204-00148740 oh it's mine thank you yeah i shall smoke at that there you go make sure y'all buy this [__] cause
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00181-00148740-00149372 it's gonna be on sale that's right every friday for the rest of the year gonna be a black friday
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00182-00149372-00150476 40 off all apparel this black friday up to 30 off this cyber monday 1-800 roach t drops friday
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00183-00150476-00151116 red jogger set drop friday and he just dropped the paper on you [__] it's dropping friday
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00184-00151300-00151980 yes yes we've been getting it in yeah we're doing our thing so we have from houston h town
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00185-00151980-00152540 yeah i'm from orange texas all day for all night you know oranges
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00186-00152836-00152868 city
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00187-00153924-00154164 so it's like the last time before you get to louisiana like when
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00188-00154164-00154612 you're going through texas on i-10 so it ain't no no part of you know what
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00189-00154612-00155060 it's not from nowhere near houston basically no no you right now it's from houston it's close to you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00190-00155060-00155676 on the board alone no that ain't nowhere near that's close five hours is close like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00191-00156572-00157004 so y'all on the border of louisiana but you so you can get louisiana closing in i literally
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00192-00157004-00157412 like walk to louisiana from my house oh yeah you ready for them yeah you're from the country loki
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00193-00157412-00158116 you right now borderline shout out you can wrap two stains if you want to i could what
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00194-00158260-00158812 yeah i got mac and cheese arms for real you can't see them but i'm worried about it i mean i can
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00195-00158812-00159404 cook look looks like cheese them all right i'm making the mac and cheese tomorrow i am too how
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00196-00159404-00159788 are you going to stir the mac and cheese oh well we're not she's going oh yeah i'm making it miss
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00197-00159788-00160524 me and my mom she visiting me hey mama hey mom you making mac and cheese i got you know when you stir
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00198-00160524-00161348 it if your arm don't shake that mean you're really not doing that so you so you gotta have it yeah
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00199-00162444-00162748 you put in that [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00200-00163556-00163868 but the third only means something if you got the right ingredients yeah
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00201-00163868-00164068 i don't have a flavor and [__] up some mac and cheese
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00202-00164340-00164676 that could ruin the whole goddamn thing that's the best well like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00203-00164676-00164956 you got to have a mac and cheese i don't like people that got that hard crust at
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00204-00164956-00165548 the top like [__] that's my [__] oh my favorite oh man
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00205-00166452-00166948 oh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00206-00167452-00167844 now what i don't like is that creamy [__] that when you scoop it it'd be a little bit
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00207-00167844-00168260 of water at the bottom oh yeah that means that makes too much like no
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00208-00170548-00171148 and just come with a spoon and scoop around the side [__] and get that cool that [__] i hate
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00209-00172820-00173164 i don't want it no i can't stand that [__] but you know what i did [__] around and
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00210-00173164-00173668 start liking though what's that dress oh i love you i want to dress the [__] not know
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00211-00173668-00174220 where that bread i ain't like it but you can't be making a stove top though what do you mean
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00212-00174516-00174924 they're so tall dressed in the water they're coming about yeah oh you got to
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00213-00174924-00175564 make that [__] for me in the kitchen i'm just like i'm ready to eat cranberry sauce
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00214-00176044-00176068 too
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00215-00176364-00176748 from somewhere with some white peppers
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00216-00177932-00178148 green bean casserole
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00217-00183540-00183748 all right
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00218-00186108-00186548 that's me five stars
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00219-00187716-00188060 rice i could be picky i could be boo should give me white green
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00220-00188060-00188428 oh okay give me a white green because sometimes brown green wouldn't be too salty and you can't
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00221-00188428-00189076 see themselves remember we went to that wrap party that first season of wilderness and this
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00222-00189076-00189596 [__] we were just in there they got all kind of weird ass food like we ain't know the [__] about
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00223-00189596-00190180 this man i saw the prettiest goddamn food and i'm the biggest [__] you know i ain't eating [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00224-00190180-00190676 man this [__] looked like [__] on a plate stacked up three you remember that [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00225-00191460-00191764 it wasn't even delicious it was just so beautiful i had to eat this right
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00226-00191844-00192148 like you know what i'm eating give me a piece of that boy
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00227-00192220-00192572 and that's exactly what it looked like i wasn't touching it what is it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00228-00192732-00193348 like a little i thought it was like uncooked meat it wasn't cooked it was it's it's like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00229-00193348-00193932 a fish steak that's what i found i was like congratulations i ain't never seen that [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00230-00193932-00194988 so when you said that i thought about that moment because y'all eat smoked salmon mhm
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00231-00194988-00195396 i actually had a problem like with my last relationship because he was like [__] salmon
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00232-00195396-00195916 again for real yes because i cooked salmon so much that is the shrimp and potato right there
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00233-00195916-00196260 we seen you you saw her dog with your white bread you see the
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00234-00196652-00197108 y'all feel like that's a necessity the the relationship to be able to cook and do all that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00235-00197108-00197532 [__] like y'all those type of ladies and you like [__] that i got a menu i mean i can cook
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00236-00197532-00197876 but i don't feel like it's a necessity and they never got to work for me to cook i'm not cooking
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00237-00197940-00198532 we got to do it what happened she said [__] got to work like what a [__] i'm not cooking
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00238-00198532-00198916 for you off the roof we're about to be going out to eating sheep oh the best thing i mean
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00239-00199004-00199412 that's just this video i mean you got to spend some money for me to cook that that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00240-00199412-00199844 was okay because the best thing i can make is reservations i have a very refined palette
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00241-00200244-00200348 the best thing i can make is
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00242-00200484-00200812 got it you want a eat i called them already they got it you know what i'm saying
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00243-00200972-00201468 but we got to be like you know locked in for me to start cooking i'm saying if a [__] come over
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00244-00201468-00202284 your house uh-huh it's only what you need to be doing watching netflix smoking cooking or you know
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00245-00202476-00202692 my [__] body probably gonna see you right now
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00246-00203180-00203268 but if somebody at my
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00247-00207171-00207436 if we live in the same city right if we live in the same city you're
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00248-00207436-00207892 trying to get me to come to a hotel why because i don't think that means i know
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00249-00207892-00208140 you but i don't know the [__] you [__] with you might be nah
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00250-00208204-00208867 you hiding something yeah my house y'all [__] in my house i don't know you the [__] i'm supposed
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00251-00209908-00210348 cause i wanted some ass no we don't go to this hotel till we both get to know each other
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00252-00210444-00210971 if i can't come to your house i look like oh i read it out of airbnbs
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00253-00211292-00211780 i'm like yeah i'm a resident how you going front like the airbnb all white people first
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00254-00211780-00212292 i'm like yeah i sold them this house i could kick it i got the key i got to go
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00255-00212436-00213060 trip it all right let me do it you really gotta be careful about that man you both the
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00256-00213332-00213771 you gotta think about it sometimes [__] just be meeting chicks off the internet i'm talking
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00257-00213771-00214476 to the [__] watching this [__] you ain't never even seen her legs bro what good ass point
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00258-00215860-00216308 i need to see what scars you got if you ever fell down and scraped i need to make sure that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00259-00216308-00216788 when you stand up you got both legs like i don't like when one like that [__] be like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00260-00216867-00217348 like that [__] you got like food
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00261-00218612-00218748 that's it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00262-00222276-00222644 come to your house and she just gets looking around like oh my god this is so
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00263-00222723-00223156 nice to me and my mom from the streets so it's like this [__] is scoping my spot out
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00264-00223156-00223619 and this thing you know you got these locations you can put on your phone yeah turn your location
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00265-00223619-00224171 on next thing you know the jack boys is there now we got the women house there we could never
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00266-00224171-00224660 do a day house like what like one time [__] i showed up at my house we bout to kick it and
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00267-00224660-00225204 smoke weed and [__] like that she got the nerve to show up at my house it was raining outside
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00268-00225300-00225900 she took her shoes off her socks was wet her socks was already dirty before they got wet
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00269-00226204-00226532 cause i'm a [__] and i didn't had on dirty socks before
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00270-00226532-00227148 and i know that the rain ain't have [__] to do with them
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00271-00228467-00229012 her socks was dirty either way whether it was raining or not she's like now she's got more than
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00272-00229012-00229596 50 years old no that is me yeah i feel like you got to be selective everybody come to your house
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00273-00229796-00230092 you can't come on my house and be on your phone oh hell no
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00274-00230156-00230532 i remember once i'm nervous i remember one time i hung with this [__] and he
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00275-00230532-00230844 hit like he was like oh you got to put your phone up you got to let me hold your phone
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00276-00230916-00231276 i was like okay i'm about to go i ain't gonna hold your [__] but you can't just be like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00277-00232500-00233019 is it's either you come in the house go straight to the living room or the bedroom
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00278-00233019-00233628 that's it yeah you'd be like oh hey hey why are you walking around i'm big i don't need
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00279-00233628-00234148 to drop the location i'm already in the [__] you mean talk your [__] gang
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00280-00235419-00235476 i agree
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00281-00236516-00236860 the conversation probably ain't been [__] i've been listening you talk
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00282-00237956-00238260 you got to be a little bit more selective about who you get your energy to and all that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00283-00239076-00239396 you can't hang up no pictures of yourself and you got to act like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00284-00239396-00239660 you don't know where you live like you got to pass
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00285-00240356-00240740 so what is that what what establishes trusting in a man for y'all like what do
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00286-00240740-00241148 you got to see of the [__] you be like you know what okay he come to my house
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00287-00241204-00241700 oh don't act like you don't know that's a deep question y'all say y'all went over here but you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00288-00241700-00242076 already had the answer to a [__] can't come so that means you must have thought about it yeah
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00289-00242076-00242548 all right let me ask you this too you ever been over [__] house first his [__] was too nice
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00290-00242548-00243300 for you to invite him back to yours no no no cause i feel like [__] if i'm [__] with anybody
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00291-00243492-00243948 together
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00292-00245276-00245828 he do got a dunk off spot and he only got a one day condo and when you come over you're
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00293-00245828-00246300 gonna come to the one bedroom condo you gonna judge him about that one bedroom and he got
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00294-00246300-00246748 like six hours [__] be lying though he could be lying about some six hours
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00295-00249060-00249548 oh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00296-00250860-00251252 know a [__] right now with a three bedroom [__] paying like fifteen dollars a month
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00297-00251356-00252348 on that [__] nice nice 15 minutes ain't gonna tell you that okay
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00298-00253092-00253748 i will not not because of that but honestly
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00299-00255060-00255371 so you're telling me it's a [__] your apartment cupboard and you i
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00300-00255371-00255796 i'm walking past i got my bags and [__] i just got off the plane [__] really you know
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00301-00255796-00256467 this is one of my spots and you're gonna see me be like he stay here no it's not like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00302-00257132-00257596 i had a situation i was living in an apartment complex and i started [__] with this [__] that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00303-00257596-00258019 lived in my park it didn't work out right so of course you know i'm moving on to the neck you know
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00304-00258132-00258412 this [__] i swear to god when my new [__] was
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00305-00258412-00258692 leaving out the apartment he was like hey bro oh no
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00306-00258988-00259348 i swear when i lived in parliament i swear to god
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00307-00261996-00262148 and uh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00308-00263460-00263884 next thing that probably like little shot that's that's not me he ain't lying man [__] go tell me
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00309-00263884-00264236 like that's a [__] ass [__] you want to see you with another [__] listen like how
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00310-00264236-00264948 big is your apartment complex when you just keep running into the same mix now you're my business
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00311-00265740-00266348 oh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00312-00266508-00266780 i definitely don't feel like you need to be [__] somebody in your
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00313-00266780-00267028 apartment building and i had a bad experience too
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00314-00267108-00267652 you did oh my god because when i stopped [__] he used to be walking past my apartment
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00315-00271876-00272276 a woman can have status like that men can't have status like that when we judge like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00316-00272276-00272580 oh i can't [__] with a [__] because he don't live better than me
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00317-00272580-00272996 like if [__] had those same level of status it would be tough for y'all out here like whatever
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00318-00272996-00273468 it'll be tough for y'all too i mean not really not if i'm not if i'm the [__] that's living
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00319-00273468-00273804 well you know what i'm saying like the [__] that's living with a [__] that's living well
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00320-00273804-00274212 has a certain standard and he was the imposed that standard he's looked at like a oh you a
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00321-00274212-00274748 bitch-ass [__] how did you talk to a woman i'm about to start being this pretty like this
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00322-00275900-00276148 i put this in the microwave
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00323-00278612-00278948 oh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00324-00279732-00280268 who just literally just be like he's fine with the regular [__] you can't judge him because you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00325-00281636-00281668 what i'm
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00326-00282612-00282988 right you know what i'm saying y'all whatever whatever then you go to his
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00327-00282988-00283484 house and stay with him he stayed with him he stayed with his mom that [__] stay with him
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00328-00283748-00283804 if he stayed with him
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00329-00284180-00284460 in the water that's what he spending money on
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00330-00285844-00286244 get and you see the house ain't nicer than yours you're going to get all the
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00331-00286244-00286628 other [__] that you like about this [__] because he's staying a one-bedroom apartment
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00332-00286628-00287028 yeah it doesn't sound like you're financially right and it don't sound like you're smart
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00333-00290676-00291044 but you know what it is she just ran into a [__] who get a bigger tv if you [__] good
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00334-00291044-00291484 i'm like you know what i'll go ahead get it at 52. no i'm going to get the 52 gotta upgrade
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00335-00292892-00293252 is financially stable and he got all this [__] together and he that [__] that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00336-00293252-00293564 you say he got to be in order against the [__] then that means he should be able to
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00337-00293564-00294012 get all the [__] he can afford i mean y'all gonna do that anyway if y'all broke a ridge
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00338-00294012-00294324 no it's not [__] not gonna do that anymore yes they are
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00339-00299484-00299972 giving these [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00340-00302184-00302284 [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00341-00302284-00302708 different than men men we [__] cause we can y'all [__] cause you want to
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00342-00302708-00302996 that's gonna make you know better okay it doesn't make a no problem
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00343-00302996-00303292 ever since i became the pastor i just got we got to keep it here
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00344-00303572-00304220 see there ain't no men do and women do treats preachers it takes two people to [__] amen
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00345-00304220-00304788 not wrong is wrong now two wrongs don't make a right two wrongs make a sad baby
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00346-00305300-00305444 that's the one that's a [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00347-00305916-00306300 because you wanted to give some [__] it wouldn't work like that see [__] is
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00348-00306300-00306948 is the enterprise right yes this is in the press that's poor [__] management exactly
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00349-00308084-00308452 don't do [__] for you who letting you be out here down bad and you [__] that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00350-00308452-00308972 [__] what the [__] that's perfect what's that whole economy if i'm [__] good right
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00351-00308972-00309396 and he good and he's trading he got his [__] together and stuff but i'm over here trying to
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00352-00309396-00309868 figure out every day what the [__] i got going on how i'm gonna do these how i'm gonna do that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00353-00309868-00310300 and this [__] [__] he can call me every day to [__] on me but he know what i got going on but
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00354-00310300-00310732 he ain't trying to help at all that's poor [__] management why are you [__] on that [__] it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00355-00310732-00311092 sounds like you have great [__] management for horrible mental management because why
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00356-00311092-00311484 the [__] can't you figure out what you want to do with your life what they're saying like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00357-00311484-00311948 we're adults why the [__] do i got to figure out what you looking for i got to help you get
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00358-00311948-00312396 to a better position in life because i want to bust a nut that's a hell of a responsibility
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00359-00314652-00315348 without helping me like this that sounds like a personal issue you got going on
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00360-00315804-00316300 you are absolutely right but that's fun for a woman who's supposed to already have her [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00361-00316300-00316644 going on why she even [__] with a [__] if you do [__] with a [__] who probably
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00362-00316644-00317220 financially stable or not even financially stable sometimes well how do you think this may
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00363-00317220-00318060 be financially stable by not [__] off by paying other people's bills that too but but check this
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00364-00318292-00318644 even though a [__] might be financially disabled sometimes he might be able to help you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00365-00318644-00319036 spiritually or emotionally you feel what i'm saying i go to church i'm fine you see what i said
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00366-00319172-00319324 and i got my mama's like emotional
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00367-00320292-00320716 what about a [__] who you might have a bigger bag then but he got motion
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00368-00320716-00320868 he got emotional you have probably
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00369-00321116-00321452 that's what a lot of ladies say they want in a man pretend i am 29.
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00370-00321452-00321980 hell no but i'm saying no [__] with [__] for his wife to [__] with [__] for his potential
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00371-00321980-00322460 all right let me say this look at these cameramen say this you [__] you better stop trying to find
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00372-00322460-00322996 women that's going to believe in your dreams yeah night 21. but say for this stay focused
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00373-00322996-00323748 on you making 4 million a year but he making maybe 800 thousand that good money he ain't gonna fall
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00374-00324604-00325028 i mean that's a little different if you figured out how to make that much money then obviously
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00375-00325028-00325468 hopefully you're trying to figure out how to make more right so how much money you want your lady to
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00376-00325468-00325988 be making a year a year yeah i mean i would love for a woman to be awake and make it way more money
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00377-00325988-00326404 but realistically how much are they really making but they got to be at to be in the ballpark the
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00378-00326404-00326860 same way they got standards what what would you what would you prefer it depends cuz each
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00379-00326860-00327308 situation is different i can manage what i can manage i'm only gonna put myself in a situation
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00380-00327308-00327740 where i can manage but you're not about to let no thirty six thousand a year lady talk to you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00381-00327740-00328116 ain't nobody gonna talk to me crazy because i'm respectful but at the same time
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00382-00328188-00328820 you know me bro i'm like mr scrooge at my house excuse me the [__] i am on the train
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00383-00328996-00329252 i paid for all of this you wasn't
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00384-00330660-00331068 know how you got to watch certain [__] what [__] you know what i'm saying like you probably
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00385-00331068-00331580 looking at a [__] majority nine times out of ten of a woman i'm not i'm not saying i make more
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00386-00331580-00332300 money i would want my girl to make money yeah but i'm there to motivate you to help you get a bag
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00387-00332300-00332924 and continue to get it back but i'm not going to stop and say uh you're not on my financial level
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00388-00332924-00333308 i'm not going to watch you struggle either i'm not going to i'm not going to watch you struggle
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00389-00333308-00333676 but i'm also not going to allow you to depend on me to save you from your struggles
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00390-00333748-00334140 but that's what i was about to say i feel like first of all only certain women can have those
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00391-00334140-00334516 type of standards you have to have your own [__] going on and have your own bags to be able to have
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00392-00334516-00334924 standards like this [__] be out here don't be having a pots of pc but they be like oh my
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00393-00334924-00335300 [__] gotta have this my [__] gotta have that what do you have though you don't have [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00394-00335300-00335732 that's what i'm saying this is the powerfulness that's what but i'm saying like if you if you're
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00395-00335732-00336132 that type of [__] you can't be like oh i want my [__] i mean i guess you can be that way but
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00396-00336132-00336428 it's just kind of like a [__] don't have to do for you because you don't even do [__] for
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00397-00336428-00336956 yourselves look at marvin gaye looking at them [__] you won't even do [__] for you got them
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00398-00336956-00337332 be like amen don't bet on you and you're gonna bet on yourself right right you did what i'm
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00399-00337332-00337748 saying well this is a very interesting dynamic you know black men and black women discussing you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00400-00337748-00338172 know politics and money and financial incomes and things of that nature right you never got
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00401-00338172-00338668 back to me with that number chico being i i can't i can't say a number bro because i
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00402-00338668-00339164 i got women who don't who are teachers right who don't make a bunch of money but they
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00403-00339164-00339628 they mentally strong and they got a lot going on so i don't care that she only makes what she
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00404-00339628-00340068 makes she's doing a good service to the community and i'm a [__] that's trying to enhance your
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00405-00340068-00340460 life any woman that i deal with my goal is to only be an enhancement not a hindrance i
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00406-00341212-00341636 if i come in i don't care what you got going on whatever you do as long as it don't bring
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00407-00341636-00342044 me no issues do your thing but i'm gonna be a [__] that you can depend on to do what
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00408-00342044-00342452 i'm willing to do but i'm not gonna save you from the [__] that the universe is bringing
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00409-00342452-00342892 to you some of that [__] is believed to figure out right i can't save you from god
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00410-00342964-00343228 it's for you to it's not for you yeah
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00411-00343524-00343740 there's a lot of women out here who looking to get
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00412-00343740-00344036 saved because they [__] good or they believe they put a good idea
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00413-00344260-00344748 a lot of y'all got a real [__] up perception about how good your [__] is
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00414-00346052-00346332 hey man what you trying to do man right you trying to tell the book
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00415-00346484-00346804 yeah you know the one they be like they want a little song
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00416-00346964-00347404 it has to be a combination of everything though yeah like you gotta like somebody
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00417-00347404-00347716 you gotta [__] with them they gotta be doing what y'all want to do for each other
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00418-00347980-00348292 he's like i don't i'm not gonna lie just because a [__] got money and
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00419-00348292-00348516 he's gonna be spinning on me does not necessarily mean i'ma
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00420-00348516-00348860 [__] you because i might not even like you damn that's true so [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00421-00349452-00350132 you'll win a free ticket before you win the actual bill keep winning tickets win that grand prize
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00422-00350860-00351228 that's all you get yeah i definitely have like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00423-00351228-00351668 had a [__] douchey for me and did not give him no [__] that's selfish as a mother so
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00424-00353116-00353492 and i keep letting the [__] cut my grass just because he want to do it and i don't give him
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00425-00353492-00353924 no money that's still [__] up with me because i know his what he's doing it for so if i just
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00426-00353924-00354324 ignore the fact that this [__] is trying to gain a customer i'm just going to keep ignoring it oh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00427-00354324-00354908 you back again go ahead do your thing like that [__] don't know why don't you come and cut your
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00428-00354908-00355364 hands i'm not getting paid right and that's the thing but if i don't know if i'm entertaining
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00429-00355364-00355700 this [__] i'm out there talking to you yeah man you know what i mean i'm giving him like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00430-00355700-00356060 i'm [__] with him like hey man you're doing a good job man what's that move you did right there
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00431-00356124-00356484 is that an interview intertwine that yeah that was good how you did that they come
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00432-00356484-00356900 back tomorrow man show me something else and then he needs to be like okay where my money is
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00433-00356956-00357308 so if the dude would have been like with my [__] yeah you would have told him you can't handle yeah
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00434-00357308-00357868 i ain't got it on me so all right right now that's fine that's fire i ain't gonna cap
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00435-00357868-00358652 that's fire i ain't got it open i want to push oh i'm [__] up right now i'm
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00436-00359348-00359668 so we're gonna have to figure out how we gonna work this one out cause uh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00437-00359668-00360140 walking with a mannequin if you left your wiley we probably wouldn't even leave
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00438-00360140-00360476 okay so thank you don't think that when you left your [__] we ain't linking what's up
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00439-00360580-00360780 so think about it all right that's what's going on
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00440-00361020-00361324 you financially stable though you don't need a wallet you don't even
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00441-00361324-00361908 think that you would be able to like save a [__] just like save a [__] i mean
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00442-00361908-00362356 he probably had the swag he probably had the sauce he just wanted that guy he ain't got no
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00443-00362356-00362868 money i've been like this broke oh what oh i didn't have the money let me just wait let me
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00444-00364060-00364268 so you got to give a [__] a chance but that's
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00445-00365036-00365604 it don't matter where you at financially if you a [__] that make 300 a day you're gonna get
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00446-00365604-00366036 the women that comes with the lifestyle of a [__] making three hundred dollars a day
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00447-00366036-00366564 okay it's a [__] that works it's a [__] that's the assistant manager at burger king
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00448-00366708-00367212 twelve hundred dollars every two weeks and he got three [__] who come through and eat
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00449-00367212-00367828 fries and drink milkshakes he's doing assistant manager pimping right exactly and he's doing that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00450-00367948-00368476 exactly come here daddy off work how did
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00451-00370604-00371348 10 nuggets of drinking fries for two dollars who had no kids i didn't eat sponges
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00452-00371852-00372340 i used to work at burger king in high school bruh you just do what burger king food is only
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00453-00372340-00372900 good it's immediately like it got to be you got to eat it immediately that's a lot of machines
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00454-00372900-00373404 and that's the [__] up part about it is the average consumer will not be able to consume
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00455-00373508-00374148 that food when it's immediately done right like if burger king could just trap like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00456-00374244-00374796 dope boy like straight hand hand then kill the game but like they look 30 seconds to two minutes
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00457-00374796-00375236 that it takes to get your [__] to you and kill everything that we just did yeah you gotta do it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00458-00375356-00375700 you gotta eat the burger king fries i'm talking about you got to keep that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00459-00376308-00376468 that's how fast you got to eat that [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00460-00376836-00377460 burger king is a fool don't let that [__] go though the bread gets soggy oh yeah i mean i don't
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00461-00377460-00378348 like burger king like fries too thick i don't know the only thing i ever liked was the croissants
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00462-00379556-00379748 oh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00463-00380924-00381180 never seen before is it all about the money though like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00464-00381180-00381388 there's some [__] out here that got a super bag
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00465-00381732-00381956 on his shoulder that's been there for like 20 years
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00466-00382036-00382548 he got to wear an extra jacket on top of that he got like a whole nother piece over
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00467-00382836-00383292 no i have to be sexually attracted to like the person at all so you mean tell me they gotta be
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00468-00383292-00383772 sexy and rich yeah i'm not saying sexy i shouldn't have to be fine but he gotta be fine to me
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00469-00385276-00385596 them beautiful owners and women who sell waste
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00470-00385596-00385852 trailers and eyelashes and [__] they want to take care of that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00471-00386068-00386772 millionaire women only fans with a titty hanging out at work sending some money trick on me
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00472-00386828-00387452 trick on me put your hands on me trick on me trick on me put your hands on me trick on me
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00473-00387540-00388148 trick on me then put your teeth on me trick on me yeah trick on me
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00474-00389132-00389452 who gonna buy me some 26 inches that's gonna float
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00475-00390860-00391364 day all day oh what a stripper selling waste trainers waste trainers
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00476-00391364-00391644 you need a people need a money management money
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00477-00391740-00392260 [__] with me cause that what the [__] up with the beat they ain't listening
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00478-00396260-00396548 give me some money
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00479-00401820-00402148 e
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00480-00405956-00406348 you you need to leave
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00481-00407340-00407748 is
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00482-00409084-00409412 wow except for all the other [__] that she said you gotta have going on
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00483-00409412-00409739 well but that's what she's not she's talking about his personal business
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00484-00409796-00410132 you know him [__] with other [__] all this [__] i don't if we're not in a relationship
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00485-00410132-00410547 i don't really give a [__] what you got going on especially if you don't
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00486-00414339-00414747 oh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00487-00414892-00415164 why would you walk up but why would he ask me to kiss her
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00488-00415268-00416147 she already been oh he heard sheriff been told to kiss you because he see you walking whoa um
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00489-00417996-00418268 hey baby what's up this is my other lady i was telling you about you know what
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00490-00418268-00418524 i mean what's up with your baby say hello she's like hey but i heard so
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00491-00418524-00418764 much about you that [__] must be real good for you to keep them too
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00492-00422892-00423084 oh my god drink
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00493-00430035-00430443 she had a black cat and then when i walked when i walked out of the room
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00494-00430443-00430772 i seen like a little paddle i was like okay that way they can't sleep so she was like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00495-00430772-00431052 come on in the room i'll come in the room didn't get laid on the bed
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00496-00431347-00431452 i thought nobody catches
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00497-00432516-00432835 i can feel the flow you feel it but we on the ballot though but i can
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00498-00432835-00433004 feel the flow i'm like we literally on the floor
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00499-00433060-00433428 the cat they can't come over i'm like oh [__] they can't sleep on the planet
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00500-00433572-00434268 oh oh [__] why the cat on the planet i still hit but i knew then i was tripping i shouldn't be
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00501-00435684-00436068 jello at the uh the little chocolate pudding with this of all her fish
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00502-00436068-00436284 i was like i ain't never come back with the knuckles
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00503-00436580-00436596 oh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00504-00436828-00437508 no she had no wash rags [__] we finished [__] she brought a whole towel out for me to wash off
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00505-00437508-00438108 with with the top half wet i'm like come on i'll try to wipe my dick off with the [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00506-00438108-00438492 but you know the towel big so i got to step over the towel and get this [__] off i'm like man
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00507-00438492-00439116 you got to get some wash clothes cut this up if they get that i'm like she's jason hey listen
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00508-00439820-00439868 if i come
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00509-00441260-00441764 gotta go through the pitfalls some of the finest women i've ever dealt with were poor yeah they
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00510-00441764-00442180 said you got to go through them i'm talking about some beautiful poor ones these these ones they
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00511-00442180-00442747 went on to be like drug dealer girlfriends and real successful like we didn't took them
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00512-00444060-00444564 and you know it's turfed up over there but you get bad she ready but you just got to get over there
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00513-00444564-00445068 [__] that was the most that's why that's indiana jones see that's why i like older
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00514-00445068-00445547 women because the women don't look at that [__] like that they already got they've been survived
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00515-00446620-00446947 oh yeah i definitely feel like it wasn't always
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00516-00447635-00447964 you have to check back on your old people and like see how they doing
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00517-00447964-00448292 oh [__] like your old [__] you know just what you should be like calling
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00518-00449668-00450020 everybody you [__] [__] up you heard what you said earlier hey i'm struggling i
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00519-00450020-00450443 knew i had to like change my standards like last time i [__] with like i would say
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00520-00450443-00450843 a quote-unquote regular dude i walked in and he had lawn chairs for his dining room tables
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00521-00450843-00451004 what's wrong with that oh [__] and i say
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00522-00452035-00452396 easier than y'all do like that because a man is peaceful with having
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00523-00452396-00452780 lawn chairs in his living room that's fine for him that's that's
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00524-00452780-00453356 cool but it's okay for him so you're going to make him change we stop [__] with people
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00525-00453356-00453756 with stupid [__] too like i don't want to [__] with a chick then eat hot dogs
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00526-00455820-00456116 out of all the [__] though she chose to make hot dogs
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00527-00456556-00457028 she got children likes them quick she got two it's over then yeah she gotta have hot dogs you know
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00528-00457028-00457852 little kids that if you guys she's single with her [__] don't apply if you don't know see you gotta
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00529-00457852-00458316 you might have a good adventure she might like outdoor food i like outdoor food and she probably
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00530-00458316-00459076 smoked i got to have two hot dogs you wanna hot dog baby what boy hey man i'm the white breeze
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00531-00459347-00459547 i'm trying to get to it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00532-00460692-00461204 you just got some crazy ass stories hot dogs [__] with the cat on the pallet
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00533-00461204-00461588 oh this [__] there's a lot of ratchet [__] like yeah i know that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00534-00461588-00461812 i was blessed to be around a bunch of real [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00535-00462043-00462468 i was blessed to be around real guys that gave me the game and it wasn't until i started going
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00536-00462468-00462739 through the [__] that they were telling me about when i was younger that i realized
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00537-00462739-00463060 i should have been listening okay my father told me you gotta treat your dick like you choose your
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00538-00463060-00463443 social security number oh yeah i mean you gotta be real selective with who you give it to you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00539-00463500-00463956 [__] they're gonna [__] your life up forever right so yeah that's some real [__] right there
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00540-00463956-00464484 yeah yeah you just start giving that [__] away and then you think about it that's way that's
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00541-00464484-00464843 just as valuable as your social and you just wouldn't walk up to a woman be like hey my social
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00542-00464843-00465316 is whatever but we're walking be like hey go this [__] i should have waited two years i'd say this
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00543-00465316-00465652 i should have waited before i started getting [__] i should have waited a little bit longer
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00544-00465828-00466564 it's been downhill ever since what was one of the worst investments i ever made it's
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00545-00466564-00467004 just like i didn't invested all this time and energy and [__] they made no return
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00546-00467308-00467947 it might be it might be basically the term that's all you say i keep breaking when you meet a [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00547-00469132-00469347 that's what i'm saying and i not been [__] with
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00548-00469347-00469588 that [__] i probably could have been the first black man
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00549-00469588-00469964 to send a [__] rocket to the moon or some [__] i probably could have been great nervous
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00550-00470276-00470420 you could have also been asleep
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00551-00471324-00471788 it shows you what your what your [__] is supposed to be and not supposed to be [__] is
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00552-00471788-00472084 is the greatest gift god ever gave but it's the nuclear
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00553-00473076-00473643 how would you know how would you know if it wasn't i don't played about that how would you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00554-00473643-00473988 well it doesn't matter though because that's why a lot of women are walking around here thinking
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00555-00473988-00474500 they got great [__] because the [__] fall [__] not going to nut no matter what that is
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00556-00474676-00475300 he said you could be [__] humping carpet but it's the frictions
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00557-00475892-00476447 certain [__] [__] [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00558-00477396-00477747 10 minutes hey man come on man uh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00559-00478732-00479084 depending on who getting it to you you'll want 10 20 no i'm saying
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00560-00479756-00480132 he's just looking for some [__] that stay wet with the ceiling fan on that's it that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00561-00480260-00480747 listen turn that ceiling fan on fellas i'm telling you you get a [__] you got to sit
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00562-00480747-00481196 you got to have a ceiling fan so hopefully you do but turn that [__] he's like could you turn the
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00563-00481196-00481947 fan off it's making me nope no was it good as you thought it was you spelled the test
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00564-00483124-00483347 um
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00565-00486043-00486316 i can't just be out here just [__] all the time because i got to use the
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00566-00486316-00486620 condom and that [__] is a waste and you don't need like you can i don't [__] no
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00567-00486820-00487347 no no no that's why i don't [__] as much as i could nowhere near because it's like i don't
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00568-00487347-00487916 i don't know you and i know that if i got the [__] it's nothing with the condom on and i can
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00569-00487916-00488364 [__] forever well you gonna be mad like no you still like hey yeah no i'm not going to this is
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00570-00488420-00488860 this is the censored version of that [__] oh you never have came with the condom on
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00571-00488860-00489420 yeah but when i was a young man yeah yeah older that now is i know you know
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00572-00489420-00489764 the secret to having to have the blessing or not with a condom or you got to think
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00573-00489764-00490468 about charlie and the chocolate factory what you do in a world of pure imagination
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00574-00490860-00491524 i'm never thinking about no charlie nothing when i miss no i'm just saying you have to use it right
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00575-00491524-00492020 now you just have to use your imagination and remember the time when real [__] felt like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00576-00492396-00493147 that's it that's it yeah that's it yeah that that's right that's right that's right goddammit
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00577-00493228-00493980 oh [__] i lost it i lost it i lost it hello you still there oh it's still there okay all right
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00578-00494132-00494788 see i'm safe that'd be the best way man if anybody in the advertisement industry if you're making
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00579-00494788-00495308 condoms all you got to do is advertise condoms that feel like real [__] right and you know
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00580-00495308-00495796 what we need to come out with we need to make some comments called raw dogs because because when you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00581-00495796-00496268 [__] with them it feels like you raw dogging that's a good idea how about we take it easy
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00582-00496420-00496860 we could be the first men that invent condoms that you don't even need
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00583-00496860-00497347 [__] for oh no you gotta had a [__] i ain't trying something dude
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00584-00502468-00503308 oh my god man these [__] is real i can't invest in that one hey man wait
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00585-00503308-00503580 until the japanese people hear about this your idea we like it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00586-00503956-00504347 they're gonna be calling me hello carlos
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00587-00504635-00505004 i might not have worded it right but the condom that you put on and make you bust
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00588-00505004-00505492 enough regardless that [__] will go what if a [__] asked you to make a mold out of your [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00589-00505652-00506100 that's still weird did y'all see did y'all see that post with it man he got that uh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00590-00506100-00506956 train made i feel like you please salute to that [__] man salute to that [__] man that [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00591-00506956-00507643 got him a chain made with his girl [__] word yeah she was fat and she was fat at first that's
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00592-00507643-00508052 a conversation piece that's a conversation you know how much [__] he gonna get because
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00593-00508052-00508547 he got that [__] around his mouth i wanna miss the girl i wanna meet her that would be
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00594-00508547-00509108 cause that puts it off the chain like that's smart is that you know what y'all gotta do
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00595-00509476-00509908 and that's that's cute that's gonna make you want to talk to her [__] you saying
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00596-00509908-00510739 no it's nice so do y'all see like [__] flashy [__] like okay that [__] might be fake you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00597-00510739-00511252 gotta have been through this before oh we already know y'all haven't been through this [__]
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00598-00513524-00513996 drop a little bit every time you got them hit it oh that's smart diamond in the diamond in
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00599-00513996-00514660 the stretch mall they gotta had a half no no hair ain't no hair no i'm saying like it like look gold
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00600-00515284-00515620 if any hair on the teeth it proves to be like i laughed it fell out that's
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00601-00515620-00515900 it something we could blow off ain't no hair supposed to be nowhere on the table
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00602-00516164-00516500 flag on the plate on the titties what's her name greg
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00603-00516796-00517532 that's my worst nightmare seeing the titties see you without your makeup on first date
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00604-00517643-00518092 first date um so you go on the first date with no makeup going on purpose i mean not
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00605-00518092-00518500 every time but i will go on i have gone on the first date with no makeup because i mean i pretty
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00606-00518500-00519060 much look the same you post on instagram all the time with no makeup that for some women that's a
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00607-00519060-00519452 thing like that you can't see them without their makeup on how long do you have to take your head
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00608-00519452-00521147 off never [__] i'm always on the instagram with my hat off you know what time it is
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00609-00521996-00522547 better than the one you live in
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00610-00523868-00524380 why i asked like because the makeup i love women without makeup on i mean eyelashes when you take
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00611-00524380-00524788 them off are these extensions oh yeah so you got that they mean they're surgically
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00612-00524788-00525348 implanted they made out even when i don't have makeup on like they still they still be able to
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00613-00525428-00525812 oh during quarantine i didn't have my last shoes and we recorded a few videos how did you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00614-00525812-00526292 get extensive what's the difference between the chances i mean they last longer like so you put
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00615-00526292-00526700 on strip lashes you got to put them on every day because you got to put the glue on it and apply
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00616-00526700-00527316 it extensions you lay there for two hours and they put them on each individual ledge damn that beauty
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00617-00527316-00527940 processor yes i respect that but they last for like a month you know how much do it cost i mean
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00618-00527940-00528556 it's it's like y'all see lobbyists you got to get it refilled every three weeks every three weeks no
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00619-00528556-00529100 it's 70 so you get it's 150 when you first get them then 75 everything so is it like a type of
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00620-00529100-00529548 lash that you can get that costs like i heard a girl say they got like mink they made out like me
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00621-00529676-00529876 that was cost more than 150 i would have said about that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00622-00530044-00530484 wait are you talking about like the the ones that you can take on and off no i'm talking about the
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00623-00530548-00531012 extent yeah sometimes they'll have like the you know people oh yeah those are probably like 250
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00624-00531012-00531564 yeah yeah they'll be like 202 so instead of yeah instead of you just getting a script that goes
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00625-00531564-00532204 well [__] gotta just show up with the 250. we can go get done to ourselves that that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00626-00532204-00532692 we can show up with that equate to that you just got to show up with the 250. go
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00627-00532692-00533140 crazy that's it ain't nothing [__] could go do i can't i mean i could go get a weed
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00628-00533140-00533676 but you gonna judge the [__] out no you all get my micro pigmentation i'm not doing it i wouldn't
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00629-00535020-00535148 huh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00630-00536332-00536804 that's really what it is yeah i mean but it's on how you wear it man it's the confidence
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00631-00536804-00537324 that's what [__] that's what i'm putting out is you guys that's what it is homie if
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00632-00537324-00537804 i got this [__] red [__] i'd be holding a clown i wouldn't let you do that right now
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00633-00537804-00538172 that's why i was stepping but like bro you want to get there i'd be like no
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00634-00538508-00539348 that's that's the that's a dynamic guy it's a dream here would you ever use beijing beijing
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00635-00540364-00540956 but i wouldn't go get like the the ray lewis no girl [__] salute to ray hey man i love
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00636-00540956-00541516 you right now break over like chico all right my [__] i don't want no problem rape but ray you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00637-00541516-00542100 be having that man [__] that [__] i'm about to give me a whole toupee no not even the whole
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00638-00542100-00542836 full just the middle why just because just because no i'm getting the toothpaste that [__] costs
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00639-00542836-00543396 a lot then weird y'all be winning that [__] should get up to thousands oh yeah yeah rich
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00640-00543396-00543932 what rich white man style gonna have a silk bag for the toupee i do have it so bad with my wigs
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00641-00543932-00544348 so they show up looking like they think all good fellas that robin and when i put it on my accent
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00642-00544404-00544796 my accent gonna change when i put it on what would you say what you saying what would you say
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00643-00545700-00545932 do you know who i am do you know who i am who i
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00644-00546276-00547108 i am theodore carlos miller of scotland first of my name third of my kind
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00645-00547180-00547748 first of my name that's my [__] right there first of my name
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00646-00548436-00549228 i am the oldest of my father's brethren it is i of all the children my mother bore it is i
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00647-00549228-00549500 who was born without a name because i'm that unique
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00648-00549660-00550204 so you are the zeroth of your name i am the zeroth of unmourned creature
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00649-00550412-00550780 silence you speak foolishness from your mouth
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00650-00550980-00551644 i knew when you walked in that you were not brought to you but a peasant
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00651-00551788-00552452 a fool in disguise plus you mustn't speak to him in that manner he has a good cloth
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00652-00552508-00553348 and a good spirit he is one of us i come no is the ass woman are waiting upon thee
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00653-00553900-00554772 then it is settled three o'clock saturday but there will be no ass whippings only a beating
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00654-00554908-00555828 prepares you must with your little coins and your few trinkets all people of the line 3 pm saturday
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00655-00555828-00556668 there will be a dude theodore carlos miller first of his name versus dc zero of his name
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00656-00557084-00557908 that would be a royal feast after paid for by the family of the one with zero in front of his neck
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00657-00558324-00558788 [__] man hey man it's the whole thanksgiving out this [__] yeah man hey i got questions
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00658-00558788-00559164 for y'all which i think black friday's going to look like this year i don't want to shop on black
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00659-00559164-00559828 friday i want to shop on white monday i think if we can have a blast like breakfast dishes
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00660-00559996-00560724 wednesday and whatever you can take it's yours i just go in and cuss out [__] hey
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00661-00560724-00561372 [__] [__] you just ass tell them how much you want to pay for this [__] i ought to be able to
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00662-00561372-00562028 pay what it said in the paper now you them for 129 and i just feel like that's just a little bit too
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00663-00562028-00562716 high yeah i want to speak to the manager what a coupon you got the coupon right here right here it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00664-00562716-00563244 says right there what is that it says doorbuster 6 a.m to 9 o'clock okay it's gonna be 29
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00665-00563300-00563788 i'll get to the register the girl wants to charge me original price slash right there 129 dollars
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00666-00563788-00564548 i want the what what's the creeper calm down it's not that no no god ain't no coming down
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00667-00564796-00565212 well wait a minute now it hasn't expired it has expired how are you going to check it out
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00668-00565492-00565860 and they just sent to the house just just yesterday they sent it to the house look at
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00669-00567260-00567900 it's december 22. you got you gotta take your money out let's just go honey let's just go
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00670-00568068-00568164 all right take this [__] back
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00671-00568396-00568812 i want to shop on white wins the black friday is offensive because i'm black and i'll be black
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00672-00568812-00569244 every friday they don't know about it everything should be free and like the same time we shouldn't
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00673-00569244-00569652 black people should get an extra discount how they gonna use that [__] that's what i got tax free
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00674-00569652-00569972 no [__] that i don't understand what i'm saying not for everybody
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00675-00570028-00570556 black people specifically it should be black people get an extra extra because y'all they using
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00676-00570556-00571084 that [__] it should be like half off we should get a cup of that black friday is very proud
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00677-00571444-00571868 anyway i don't even know why they called it black friday until [__] explained to me like
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00678-00571868-00572068 mostly that's when the black people went on sale
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00679-00572180-00572860 well that's not what i was told but i can believe that what companies are in the red up until this
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00680-00572860-00573300 friday when most people shop start shopping for christmas and it puts them in the black and they
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00681-00573300-00573676 why do you think they say in the black the only way that you can make money in america was selling
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00682-00573676-00574452 black people so everybody want to be in your [__] man my brother my brother oh yeah yeah
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00683-00574660-00575076 but if you do go outside on black friday 85 percenters man don't don't be
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00684-00575076-00575460 tripping don't be the [__] [__] on video doing this [__] with another [__] yeah
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00685-00575460-00575684 let that [__] go man like if you ain't grabbing
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00686-00576148-00576492 don't be out there arguing with them white people pull your phone out and ask them some
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00687-00576492-00576836 black [__] when they get the customer acting like karen just ask them if they
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00688-00576836-00577492 saw the gucci and jesus battle talking [__] yeah what what did you say have you seen the battle
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00689-00577668-00578396 excuse me big party jesus the school [__] and the snowman who who who's that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00690-00578396-00578924 who who's that you ain't eating about it there's a frosty snowman no no jesus snowman you make it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00691-00578924-00579948 winter time so you're saying there is a snow snowman at the gucci store sir this is walmart
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00692-00581260-00582748 out oh man that's the gucci store that's how you feel snow gotta catch smoothies
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00693-00583940-00584148 snowman
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00694-00584548-00585548 this is a walmart
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00695-00585988-00586324 no listen here fell that's all well and good but this is walmart
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00696-00586476-00586996 i don't know what else to tell you i don't i don't know anything about snow or anything like that you
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00697-00586996-00587652 know guys don't have to get you here let's get some excuses they may have some over in the deli
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00698-00587788-00588124 gucci in the deli we know they got shots we know they got checks they
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00699-00588124-00588620 got checks where do you think you are sir this is a walmart this is walmart
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00700-00588740-00589204 well where are the mayonnaise they they don't have naguchi but they do have a bunch of russell
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00701-00589204-00589692 whole bunch of mayonnaise well can you put them to the hello the mayonnaise russell excuse me what'd
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00702-00589692-00590372 you say great value some whole bunches of white good stuff what's the name of that code brand they
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00703-00590372-00591012 got warm up there everybody they make kittens and stuff baited glory glory what about the red ones
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00704-00593796-00593948 don't cry
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00705-00595260-00595636 in the back up there i went back up i had a high chair i sit in the hot shirt
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00706-00595636-00595940 i got in the hunter he just posted right in my ear i was like oh grandpa
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00707-00596028-00596676 but it was in there it was in there it was right up there up there right up here walmart
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00708-00596676-00597108 you can get the job on this oh did a damn good job it looks good hey sitting in there perfectly
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00709-00597108-00597604 hey you know what else what a ball with a loved one you know what else you look tougher you look
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00710-00597604-00598220 like a tough sum [__] now now you look now you look like you mean business man don't cry
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00711-00598220-00598644 because you're tough oh you're like a tough guy like you're gonna whoop popeye's ass yourself
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00712-00598796-00599108 strong too you're strong buddy got that ring on the first finger most
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00713-00599108-00599436 people don't wear the ring you punch some [__] in the face with that ring
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00714-00602268-00602756 the market would be the money must be the money must be the goddamn money i knew when he had that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00715-00602756-00603292 [__] damage in those [__] i thank you because i love i love black women that's one thing i do
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00716-00603292-00604068 i love black women black lives matter black lives matter i really do i really like the ass and tits
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00717-00604068-00604596 matter too they matter more i mean they matter so much more than anything else ever matter to me
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00718-00604596-00605356 excuse me no disrespect you know i mean i see movies friday oh tell me who she is i know the
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00719-00605356-00606548 movies you got the hairstyles booty called that's a good one that was a great one i'm gonna go ahead
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00720-00606732-00607036 won't nobody else say it but hey it needs to be said
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00721-00607036-00607532 i just like this thank you guys nobody can make macaroni and cheese better than black women nobody
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00722-00607532-00608260 ever nobody baby that's the key sweat song there i know that too yeah exactly i knew it i know i
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00723-00608260-00609348 like to listen to the white storm you know me and grandpa actually oh i'm so sorry bring him up hey
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00724-00610596-00610660 sing the hook
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00725-00611940-00612148 i don't like them
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00726-00613460-00614052 those songs oh my god man i mean there's a meat thing in the bedroom it was a question
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00727-00614380-00614884 yeah he's always coming right there yeah you see he's like grandpa
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00728-00615684-00616268 turn the music off and and and cut it out this is a walmart this is we're
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00729-00616732-00617212 you can't do all this no we're here we have two beautiful african-american princesses here
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00730-00617212-00617676 wait a minute these girls are from beautiful african-american princesses y'all from africa
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00731-00619068-00619716 be accompanied by that oh they're here i'm happy you know what else she did look outside
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00732-00619836-00620140 you probably use blank soup no it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00733-00620140-00620468 i actually do and you know what else i use the word ebony when i search for
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00734-00621348-00621756 i'll take it even further than that buddy what's that i search mahogany
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00735-00623236-00623252 this
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00736-00624684-00625084 she wants you to feel better yeah you love me you get don't be afraid i didn't say all that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00737-00625084-00625876 but you know me would you date somebody like me no you're a cece i'm a who hey wait a god damn
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00738-00625972-00626396 don't you disrespect my god there bro wait a minute wait a minute my [__] down to my eye
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00739-00626492-00626996 i think it down to my ankles don't do me like that brother goddamn sister my dick is down to
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00740-00626996-00627476 my ankle i'm gonna let him talk to him right now hey you shouldn't start it with their
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00741-00629044-00629380 this is a walmart one thing about these pink balls right here
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00742-00629452-00630348 two things for short kangaroo can you hear me oh hell that thing looks like a kangaroo house down
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00743-00634460-00635004 get jackson on poor man wouldn't that be awesome if janet jackson came on here to talk to us
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00744-00635316-00635860 you know what'd be even better you know what would be even better if she
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00745-00636036-00636324 whoa it's been 20 years since i've seen that titty
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00746-00636388-00636908 i'm gonna shoot again janet jackson it slipped at the super bowl it wasn't no accident
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00747-00636908-00637348 i thought i caught it i screenshot it i thought i was the first person that saw it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00748-00638412-00638836 america is great this [__] got a picture today ain't never show nobody i know
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00749-00638836-00639260 i want i want somebody to send me the updated version like with all the technology this thing
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00750-00639260-00639796 came out now i want to see like a hd clear picture of that titty that was shocking
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00751-00639940-00640276 i didn't know janet jackson nipple was that big [__] she really
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00752-00640276-00640732 she probably told you matter of fact just take it off huh yeah [__] it take it off
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00753-00640884-00641220 so you want it really big take it off just this [__] sound like michael
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00754-00642700-00643052 would have been any bigger it would have been offensive to america like that
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00755-00643052-00643636 it was just it was i'm saying you saw the backlash that teddy caught think if there was a d titty
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00756-00643636-00644084 like if that she would have ripped it off and it was a whole d we probably would have never
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00757-00644084-00644612 even had another super bowl yeah people like too big yeah but what if it was like i don't know
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00758-00644692-00645340 like like saggy by their standards it is how much black teddy would they put on tv before it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00759-00645340-00645764 would be like wait a goddamn minute look at the backlash that she called for that little piece
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00760-00646372-00646988 you're going to jail that's a lot shut down that is vulgarity you pulling them [__] out
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00761-00646988-00647492 on tv they locking somebody up still perfect though it wasn't like that's what i'm saying
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00762-00647492-00647900 it was just enough titty where it wasn't too much controversy but if it would have been like big i
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00763-00647900-00648500 feel like they would have brought the police out or something i think that that made america come
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00764-00648500-00649108 together oh how it made us come together it was a unifying moment because everybody saw it and it
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00765-00649108-00649948 was the perfect titties it wasn't no criticism nobody ever had nothing bad to say about them
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00766-00656276-00656948 uh
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00767-00658164-00658852 the people see it's like damn is that a double d because it's nice and it's heavy i want to
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00768-00658852-00659420 take the titty riding in the chevy everywhere i go i'm looking around they're trying to see
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00769-00659420-00661148 if the air reaches brown yeah come on yo come on come on yo i say what now she got him dinner
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00770-00661828-00662548 welcome everybody
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00771-00663676-00663948 foreign
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00772-00665108-00665348 we got to get out of here
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00773-00665492-00665956 whoa people keep asking about it gotta give them update coming soon we're working
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00774-00665956-00666476 about to bring the liquor to the business and then bring their business to the lake
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00775-00666476-00667020 er that's where we going that was a nice that was nice so ladies
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00776-00667124-00667564 this y'all this is our second time on the show man how have things changed since the first appearance
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00777-00667644-00668340 um i'm able to afford some top tier titties that was yours all right though god gave me though
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00778-00668468-00668948 i'm sick of you lying like i have a problem she got more than three dollars now
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00779-00669100-00669396 but three dollars last time i came i had three dollars now i guess
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00780-00672196-00672348 td
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00781-00673596-00675148 driving me crazy can i breastfeed even though i ain't no baby
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00782-00677772-00678324 hey man well there you have it yes i appreciate y'all coming to [__] with us man
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00783-00678532-00678620 happy thanksgiving
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00784-00681884-00682148 yeah
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00785-00682396-00682700 because i said the girl's going to be looking for a baby i know and you were
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00786-00682700-00683076 like oh yeah you can come too you know they're going to be like you got a girl
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00787-00683076-00683548 because you have a girl oh okay that's what i'm about to take i'm in the group
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00788-00685516-00685828 happy thanksgiving all the 85 percent of all the people who watch us
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00789-00685828-00686260 eat all the [__] and all the booty man it's protein yeah what i'm saying hey keep
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00790-00686540-00686868 on black friday please be careful and be mindful of the fact that there's some
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00791-00686868-00687532 [__] out here killing [__] [__] reel it in the tv man you already got a tv man
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00792-00687532-00688100 don't stand in line about another [__] tv man this has been another episode of the 85
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00793-00688100-00689148 south shore and we will see y'all when we see y'all the next chance
Vuxn_XKCRBc-00794-00691604-00691988 carlos why would you do this oh
VwexW6lej58-00000-00000110-00000320 Hello, and welcome to TechSoup Talks.
VwexW6lej58-00001-00000320-00000750 My name is Kami Griffiths. And today's webinar is Harness the Power of Your Data with CRM.
VwexW6lej58-00002-00000750-00001240 I am joined by Dean Graham from NPower Pennsylvania. Welcome Dean.
VwexW6lej58-00003-00001240-00001460 Dean: Thank you, glad to be here.
VwexW6lej58-00004-00001460-00001770 Kami: So can you tell us a little bit about NPower and what you do there?
VwexW6lej58-00005-00001770-00002410 Dean: Well, sure. I am CRM Manager of Application Services for NPower PA.
VwexW6lej58-00006-00002420-00002980 NPower was started in Seattle, not coincidentally the home of Microsoft
VwexW6lej58-00007-00002980-00003460 where they had a lot of donations of technology and really didn't know what to do with them.
VwexW6lej58-00008-00003460-00004060 So NPower is a nonprofit that helps nonprofits with technology.
VwexW6lej58-00009-00004060-00004400 We have 12 affiliates around the country. I'm located in Pennsylvania.
VwexW6lej58-00010-00004400-00004790 And my job really is to work with and manage projects
VwexW6lej58-00011-00004790-00005620 that are very traditional consulting type projects, but they are really trying to bring nonprofits
VwexW6lej58-00012-00005620-00006100 up a level. And they include things like strategic technology planning, business continuity,
VwexW6lej58-00013-00006110-00006640 CRM development, and application selection and things like that.
VwexW6lej58-00014-00006640-00007080 Kami: Excellent, thank you so much. And quickly, I am the training and outreach manager
VwexW6lej58-00015-00007080-00007450 here at TechSoup. And I've been a part of TechSoup for about 3 1/2 years
VwexW6lej58-00016-00007450-00007790 and manage the webinar program. And I'm really fortunate to be able
VwexW6lej58-00017-00007800-00008180 to talk to really smart people like Dean every week.
VwexW6lej58-00018-00008180-00008620 And I'd also like to thank Becky Wiegand and Stephanie Parker for helping out on the chat.
VwexW6lej58-00019-00008620-00009170 Stephanie is our new intern and she will also be live tweeting about this event.
VwexW6lej58-00020-00009180-00009740 So I'm going to move on to the agenda. So in the next 40 minutes or so,
VwexW6lej58-00021-00009740-00010250 we are going to talk about what CRM is, the benefits, what to include in your database.
VwexW6lej58-00022-00010260-00010740 And Dean will tell us 3 examples of organizations that he knows about and has worked with.
VwexW6lej58-00023-00010740-00011050 We'll talk about how do you get started, thinking about choosing a tool,
VwexW6lej58-00024-00011060-00011750 and then once you've chosen the tools how do you keep people using it?
VwexW6lej58-00025-00011750-00012390 So then here we go with the poll. So let's take a second, about 15 to 20 seconds here,
VwexW6lej58-00026-00012390-00013250 please select one of these that applies to your group. And you can choose as many as apply.
VwexW6lej58-00027-00013250-00013590 So I know some of you might be using several different options.
VwexW6lej58-00028-00013600-00013960 Choose as many, and then hit submit.
VwexW6lej58-00029-00013960-00014740 I'm going to watch as the numbers increase here and give you enough time to respond.
VwexW6lej58-00030-00014740-00015080 I guess I could have included the category, 'I'm not quite sure.'
VwexW6lej58-00031-00015090-00015290 Dean: I don't know.
VwexW6lej58-00032-00015290-00015880 Kami: I don't know. I don't think we are doing anything. It is all in my head still.
VwexW6lej58-00033-00015880-00016520 Actually that would've been a good one. Okay, going once, going twice,
VwexW6lej58-00034-00016520-00017230 I'm going to close the poll. All right, look at that. Spreadsheets win by a long shot.
VwexW6lej58-00035-00017230-00017590 Dean: Spreadsheets win.
VwexW6lej58-00036-00017600-00018130 Kami: That's interesting to see. I guess it would be interesting to hear of the 'other' category
VwexW6lej58-00037-00018130-00018820 if those of you who selected that wouldn't mind chatting in what the 'other' is.
VwexW6lej58-00038-00018830-00019660 I won't read your name off. You will be anonymous.
VwexW6lej58-00039-00019660-00019860 Someone says ACT.
VwexW6lej58-00040-00019860-00020130 Dean: ACT.
VwexW6lej58-00041-00020130-00020350 Kami: Ever Bright, Outlook.
VwexW6lej58-00042-00020360-00020560 Dean: A lot of Outlook.
VwexW6lej58-00043-00020560-00021340 Kami: Word documents, SQL Server, Constant Contact.
VwexW6lej58-00044-00021340-00022120 A lot of people using Outlook and custom legacy software, GiftWorks.
VwexW6lej58-00045-00022130-00022860 So let's just get started into talking about what is CRM.
VwexW6lej58-00046-00022860-00023490 Dean: Okay, well first of all, thanks to Kami and TechSoup for having me
VwexW6lej58-00047-00023490-00024180 and for all of you joining us here today. Really one of the reasons I've been involved in this
VwexW6lej58-00048-00024180-00024720 in nonprofits and CRM's for so long, is obviously it served the nonprofit ideal.
VwexW6lej58-00049-00024720-00025260 And we all know here, the better our data, the better the story we can tell.
VwexW6lej58-00050-00025260-00025650 We know of nonprofits that have sort of great heart wrenching stories
VwexW6lej58-00051-00025660-00026200 and I've worked with some of then. Some of us have really good stories,
VwexW6lej58-00052-00026200-00026630 but if we can back it up with some really good data, that allows us to go to funders
VwexW6lej58-00053-00026639-00027100 and/or our donors and really work to receive our message.
VwexW6lej58-00054-00027100-00027439 So that is really one of the fundamental principles about this whole ideal.
VwexW6lej58-00055-00027439-00027880 And as we've moved forward this whole new thing called CRM
VwexW6lej58-00056-00027880-00028500 has sort of been brought to the forefront and it is something that has a real sort of natural fit
VwexW6lej58-00057-00028500-00029089 for nonprofits. What is not natural is traditionally the "C" normally stands for customer.
VwexW6lej58-00058-00029100-00029560 And in the nonprofit world really we have clients or other things,
VwexW6lej58-00059-00029560-00030089 so I generally use the word constituent. And that is meant to cover
VwexW6lej58-00060-00030089-00030410 really all of the different people we deal with.
VwexW6lej58-00061-00030410-00031030 So in a CRM who are our constituents? And very often nonprofits are looking at databases
VwexW6lej58-00062-00031030-00031489 to just track their donors. And I really feel that it is very important
VwexW6lej58-00063-00031489-00032200 and there is great advantage to us to look to all of the people that we deal with and we interact with,
VwexW6lej58-00064-00032210-00032680 all of our constituents. So we can have Board members, volunteers, clients, staff, media,
VwexW6lej58-00065-00032680-00033670 and people pre-stage, and post-stage in our workflow, and very often these people
VwexW6lej58-00066-00033670-00034170 may even have more than just one hat. They may wear multiple hats.
VwexW6lej58-00067-00034170-00034660 And this is were some of the benefits to CRM really come around.
VwexW6lej58-00068-00034660-00035240 If we had a person that maybe volunteered once for you, or gave you $50 or $25 bucks,
VwexW6lej58-00069-00035240-00035810 or somebody that came to a lecture, or even was provided one of your services,
VwexW6lej58-00070-00035820-00036460 individually that person or people would not necessarily —
VwexW6lej58-00071-00036460-00037040 they are obviously important to all of us, — but they would not be someone
VwexW6lej58-00072-00037040-00037500 that you would maybe look to to try to increase a relationship with.
VwexW6lej58-00073-00037500-00037960 But if someone is doing all of these things, if we can capture information about all of them,
VwexW6lej58-00074-00037970-00038400 and relate them all to a single person, now that person clearly gets the mission
VwexW6lej58-00075-00038400-00038880 of your organization. And it is someone we want to cultivate a relationship with
VwexW6lej58-00076-00038880-00039290 and bring them further into the organization. So that is one of the reasons we want to look at
VwexW6lej58-00077-00039300-00039720 where people are wearing these hats and what these multiple hats are all about.
VwexW6lej58-00078-00039720-00040260 So when we get to the "R" in CRM, we are talking about the relationship.
VwexW6lej58-00079-00040270-00040900 For years we've been able to capture contacts whether it's in ACT, or Access or spreadsheet,
VwexW6lej58-00080-00040900-00041420 we can put down somebody's name and their phone number, and that really only is data.
VwexW6lej58-00081-00041420-00041870 It's dead to us really without understanding what is the person's relationship.
VwexW6lej58-00082-00041870-00042280 What have they done with us? In some cases on a spreadsheet we may put down
VwexW6lej58-00083-00042290-00042720 that they gave us $20, and we have that line. And then next year we put down a line
VwexW6lej58-00084-00042720-00043110 that they gave us $20 again. But we really can't see the fullness
VwexW6lej58-00085-00043120-00043370 and the richness of that relationship.
VwexW6lej58-00086-00043370-00043780 One of the things that we want to do is also build that relationship.
VwexW6lej58-00087-00043780-00044350 So we not only want to track what someone's interactions with us are, whether it is e-mails,
VwexW6lej58-00088-00044360-00044940 donations, volunteering, coming to workshops or events, but we want to be able to build that.
VwexW6lej58-00089-00044940-00045540 We want to bring them further into the fold and maybe make a $50 donor a $100 donor,
VwexW6lej58-00090-00045550-00045880 or a volunteer a board member.
VwexW6lej58-00091-00045880-00046420 So one of the ways we do that as humans, when you get together with your old college roommate
VwexW6lej58-00092-00046420-00047080 you are invariably talking about the weekend that nobody remembers, or the big football game
VwexW6lej58-00093-00047090-00047630 that everybody went to. So relationships are really built on shared experiences.
VwexW6lej58-00094-00047630-00048200 And we can't build those relationships as well unless we can recognize,
VwexW6lej58-00095-00048200-00048750 and in some way record what that shared relationship has been.
VwexW6lej58-00096-00048750-00049320 So what we want to do is we want to know who talked to that donor. What did they talk about?
VwexW6lej58-00097-00049320-00049620 What did they care about? When did they volunteer?
VwexW6lej58-00098-00049620-00050180 What is important about their volunteering? Is there a donation in honor of someone else?
VwexW6lej58-00099-00050180-00050950 And really get a full picture about someone, so that they are really recognized
VwexW6lej58-00100-00050950-00051260 and feel part of that relationship.
VwexW6lej58-00101-00051270-00051790 And the last part of CRM is really the management part.
VwexW6lej58-00102-00051790-00052470 How do we manage all of this? And the first thing is we have a database,
VwexW6lej58-00103-00052470-00052910 but one of the things that can be an issue particularly for nonprofits,
VwexW6lej58-00104-00052910-00053460 is we see this woman here clearly is overwhelmed by a pile of paper.
VwexW6lej58-00105-00053460-00054129 Very often we have — the old model anyway, — the old data entry person.
VwexW6lej58-00106-00054140-00054610 We fill out an intake form and we hand it to someone and they enter the data.
VwexW6lej58-00107-00054610-00055050 So really the data entry person doesn't have the relationship.
VwexW6lej58-00108-00055050-00055379 So if we are going to go to a relationship centric sort of model,
VwexW6lej58-00109-00055390-00056079 we have to move that data entry out to the point of relationship, POR.
VwexW6lej58-00110-00056079-00056479 Whoever has that relationship with that person should be recording that relationship.
VwexW6lej58-00111-00056479-00056900 So if I sent an e-mail to someone I should be attaching it to their record.
VwexW6lej58-00112-00056910-00057510 If I'm the development director and I've gotten a donation, I should record that donation
VwexW6lej58-00113-00057510-00058270 connected to that person. I would know the flavor and what that relationship looks like.
VwexW6lej58-00114-00058270-00059120 So when we are talking about what is CRM, first and foremost it is a database.
VwexW6lej58-00115-00059120-00059500 It's a way of collecting the data, but we have already talked about
VwexW6lej58-00116-00059500-00060179 how static that kind of thing is. It's really sort of dead, but it does allow us
VwexW6lej58-00117-00060179-00060710 to manage our service delivery in understanding who and what we are dealing with,
VwexW6lej58-00118-00060710-00061470 and how often this delivery is, and allow us to look at some outcomes and other things with the data.
VwexW6lej58-00119-00061470-00062050 It's a way to document the work we do, so whether it's in development or in service delivery
VwexW6lej58-00120-00062050-00062650 or managing volunteers, or whatever we are doing, a good CRM allows us to track
VwexW6lej58-00121-00062650-00063179 and document our work. It's a support system for building our relationships.
VwexW6lej58-00122-00063190-00063879 Remember, we want to record them, and through work flow and some other processes available
VwexW6lej58-00123-00063879-00064350 to us, automate some systems and responses, so automatic e-mails go out
VwexW6lej58-00124-00064360-00064720 if something else happens we can support that relationship building.
VwexW6lej58-00125-00064720-00065270 But the biggest thing here, and I hope you all take this away, is it's not really about the database.
VwexW6lej58-00126-00065270-00065820 It's ultimately — as a technology consultant, my job isn't about technology. It's about the people.
VwexW6lej58-00127-00065820-00066240 So really CRM is an organizational approach to how you do business.
VwexW6lej58-00128-00066240-00066580 It's understanding that we are valuing these relationships
VwexW6lej58-00129-00066580-00067030 and we are recording them at the point of the relationship.
VwexW6lej58-00130-00067030-00067520 Kami: Great introduction on what it is.
VwexW6lej58-00131-00067520-00067950 So can you tell us how CRM will benefit nonprofits and libraries?
VwexW6lej58-00132-00067950-00068880 Dean: Well, the first thing is that nonprofits and libraries are all about relationships.
VwexW6lej58-00133-00068880-00069580 It is the coin of our realm. We don't have patents or products, or really things that we sell.
VwexW6lej58-00134-00069580-00070160 Most of us are dealing with people, and whether it is people that we are asking
VwexW6lej58-00135-00070160-00070750 for funding from foundations, or people that we are asking for donations or to set up a walk,
VwexW6lej58-00136-00070760-00071420 or run, or a lemonade stand, or it is the people we are serving. So we are building relationships
VwexW6lej58-00137-00071420-00071900 with the people we serve, so that we can better serve them. This is what we have.
VwexW6lej58-00138-00071910-00072790 And too often this kind of thing is recorded, but not sort of recorded in a way that is valued.
VwexW6lej58-00139-00072790-00073130 So one of the things that could happen for instance,
VwexW6lej58-00140-00073140-00073510 and this is the traveling development director. And if there are any development directors out there,
VwexW6lej58-00141-00073510-00073860 I don't mean to be besmirch you. You guys are great. And again, you are the lifeblood
VwexW6lej58-00142-00073860-00074400 of the nonprofit community. But if we don't have a way to record the work that you do,
VwexW6lej58-00143-00074410-00074870 as a development director maybe leaves or moves, they are really the owner
VwexW6lej58-00144-00074870-00075360 of that relationship. And we have not created the institutional knowledge for an organization
VwexW6lej58-00145-00075360-00075850 in an appropriate way that they can own and really maintain that relationship moving on.
VwexW6lej58-00146-00075860-00076270 The development director has done great work, but we haven't taken full advantage of that
VwexW6lej58-00147-00076270-00076790 because we have not recorded that relationship so that we can build on it going into the future.
VwexW6lej58-00148-00076800-00077260 So it really is important to build on and harness the work we are doing.
VwexW6lej58-00149-00077260-00077730 We can't afford to not take advantage of every little bit of work that we are doing
VwexW6lej58-00150-00077730-00078250 in the nonprofit community. And right now, I see very many nonprofits that will collect
VwexW6lej58-00151-00078250-00078960 all these names and e-mails, and they just spiit out newsletter after newsletter after newsletter,
VwexW6lej58-00152-00078960-00079420 instead of looking at that person and building a specific relationship.
VwexW6lej58-00153-00079430-00079890 And that really manifests itself in the idea of the engagement ladder.
VwexW6lej58-00154-00079890-00080270 This is not something that I have created. This is sort of a standard idea
VwexW6lej58-00155-00080270-00080900 in the nonprofit community. And what we want to do is we want to bring somebody up that ladder.
VwexW6lej58-00156-00080900-00081470 And the only way we can do that is to really foster that relationship. People do not give big money
VwexW6lej58-00157-00081470-00081960 to organizations, or rarely, that they don't have some sort of a relationship with.
VwexW6lej58-00158-00081960-00082540 And we have a lot of competition now for people's attention whether it is all the social media
VwexW6lej58-00159-00082540-00083140 and all the other things like that, but we have to really work harder at both reaching out
VwexW6lej58-00160-00083150-00083610 and creating that relationship, but also recording that relationship, and so forth.
VwexW6lej58-00161-00083610-00084130 And the reason why a database is so important particularly for nonprofits,
VwexW6lej58-00162-00084130-00084770 is because we can't afford to hire 40 people so that every person just has to remember 3 names,
VwexW6lej58-00163-00084770-00085310 and gets to know 3 people. We unfortunately have probably a development group,
VwexW6lej58-00164-00085310-00085660 or a volunteer manager, or whatever, that are working on their own,
VwexW6lej58-00165-00085660-00086240 and they have to try to make do or make more from less. So if we can create a good database
VwexW6lej58-00166-00086250-00086790 that automates some things, but also allows them to recognize relationships in an easy way,
VwexW6lej58-00167-00086790-00087140 that is going to be beneficial to a nonprofit in the long run.
VwexW6lej58-00168-00087150-00087860 So when we are looking at what this means, very often — let's look at some of the negatives here.
VwexW6lej58-00169-00087860-00088560 What does life look like without a CRM. So very often we have trouble producing reports.
VwexW6lej58-00170-00088560-00089380 I've heard the quarterly reports take 2 weeks to do. That is obviously not something
VwexW6lej58-00171-00089390-00089790 that if we can cut down, we are building great benefit for a nonprofit.
VwexW6lej58-00172-00089790-00090320 Everybody is using paper. You don't know what's happening right now.
VwexW6lej58-00173-00090320-00090720 There is no way to see where we are whether it is in how much money we have raised
VwexW6lej58-00174-00090720-00091260 so far this year, or how many people are we serving? How many people came
VwexW6lej58-00175-00091260-00091780 through our doors this week? So we end up talking about things when we go to funders
VwexW6lej58-00176-00091780-00092550 or when we go to others that we served about 400 people last year, or we helped 600 children,
VwexW6lej58-00177-00092550-00093130 rather than knowing and being able to relate the demographics in the exact numbers.
VwexW6lej58-00178-00093130-00093730 And ultimately we end up duplicating data and doing a lot of redundant and extra work.
VwexW6lej58-00179-00093740-00094310 And again, nonprofits can't afford to waste time and energy. We have small staffs
VwexW6lej58-00180-00094310-00094650 and small budgets, and we really need to leverage those.
VwexW6lej58-00181-00094650-00095290 And ultimately if the person involved, the volunteer manager doesn't have a good feel
VwexW6lej58-00182-00095290-00095680 for what's going on with volunteers in his little section of the organization,
VwexW6lej58-00183-00095680-00096120 certainly that is information that the development director may not have.
VwexW6lej58-00184-00096120-00096600 So the development director now cannot look and see who is volunteering,
VwexW6lej58-00185-00096610-00097210 that they may also be a prospect for donations.
VwexW6lej58-00186-00097210-00098200 So we just turned this around obviously, and so life with a CRM is perfect, and wonderful.
VwexW6lej58-00187-00098200-00098680 The daises bloom, and the sun shines. But the real big thing here is ultimately,
VwexW6lej58-00188-00098680-00099170 it's a tool for growing the organization. If we know what we are doing
VwexW6lej58-00189-00099180-00099600 and we know what is successful, we are able to say where we are today.
VwexW6lej58-00190-00099600-00100140 We can start planning for where we want to go tomorrow. If we talk about strategic planning,
VwexW6lej58-00191-00100150-00100600 strategic technology planning, or even planning a trip, we pull out the ma
VwexW6lej58-00192-00100600-00100950 and we first have to find out where are we now. You can't use a ma
VwexW6lej58-00193-00100950-00101500 without knowing where you are. So if we have a good CRM, one that tells us where we are
VwexW6lej58-00194-00101500-00101880 and how we're doing, then it is a matter of being able to look into the future
VwexW6lej58-00195-00101880-00102290 and see how we can leverage that and grow our organization.
VwexW6lej58-00196-00102290-00103220 Kami: Well, I'm sold. So what kind of data do we need to include in our CRM?
VwexW6lej58-00197-00103220-00103820 Dean: Well, the first thing about this is the more data you can include, the better.
VwexW6lej58-00198-00103820-00104330 And there are a couple of reasons for that. First of all we want to build buy-in to a system.
VwexW6lej58-00199-00104330-00104680 And the more people are using it the more times, the more they are going to buy-in to it,
VwexW6lej58-00200-00104690-00104920 be comfortable with it and use it more thoroughly.
VwexW6lej58-00201-00104920-00105630 But really, when we are talking about sharing data around the enterprise or the nonprofit,
VwexW6lej58-00202-00105630-00106040 we want to be able to connect and harness this, otherwise we are starting to look
VwexW6lej58-00203-00106040-00106500 at duplicate data. So the old sort of silo approach where you have some information
VwexW6lej58-00204-00106509-00106980 in a spreadsheet, and you may have some information on your website,
VwexW6lej58-00205-00106980-00107600 or in your accounting system, one of the things that I tell people we want to do,
VwexW6lej58-00206-00107600-00108080 and this seems so obvious to me, and it is very often left out,
VwexW6lej58-00207-00108090-00108459 how do people want to deal with this nowadays?
VwexW6lej58-00208-00108459-00108900 Everybody goes to the Internet, so they want to deal with you through your website.
VwexW6lej58-00209-00108900-00109290 Well, we have a database the tracks how we deal with people, right?
VwexW6lej58-00210-00109290-00109970 So why is our database not, or our CRM not connected to our website?
VwexW6lej58-00211-00109970-00110500 And we will see some advantages of that as we go. So really, the more data we can collect
VwexW6lej58-00212-00110500-00111040 the better. It is beneficial to the development department to be able to see who is volunteering,
VwexW6lej58-00213-00111040-00111420 and who is coming to workshops, and who is coming to events. And obviously,
VwexW6lej58-00214-00111420-00112020 an executive director, the bigger the picture they can get across the enterprise, the better.
VwexW6lej58-00215-00112030-00112709 So we really like to try to have as few silos as possible in this.
VwexW6lej58-00216-00112709-00113640 And if we can, we try to get everything into a single system.
VwexW6lej58-00217-00113640-00113880 Kami: Excellent.
VwexW6lej58-00218-00113880-00114270 So, talk about goals for second.
VwexW6lej58-00219-00114280-00115030 Dean: Okay. Really the goals here are to record interactions
VwexW6lej58-00220-00115030-00115300 with all of our different constituencies.
VwexW6lej58-00221-00115309-00115670 We know for instance, that a volunteer may also be a board member, may receive service,
VwexW6lej58-00222-00115670-00116330 and may even be a funder of some sort. So we want to record interactions
VwexW6lej58-00223-00116340-00116950 with multiple constituencies, look and track that shared experience. So what did they do?
VwexW6lej58-00224-00116950-00117330 How did they deal with us? Here is that e-mail. Here is the proposal.
VwexW6lej58-00225-00117330-00118040 Here we can very quickly sort of see that. And in most CRM's, we are able to use a browsing
VwexW6lej58-00226-00118040-00118540 kind of nature as we are looking through it, and get a feel for what is going on with somebody.
VwexW6lej58-00227-00118540-00119159 We want to be able to do a decentralized data entry, so that it is happening at the point
VwexW6lej58-00228-00119159-00119790 of the relationship. And so we may need to have a cloud based,
VwexW6lej58-00229-00119790-00120109 or a web based application to be able to support that.
VwexW6lej58-00230-00120109-00120790 And ultimately, a good CRM is part and parcel, part of the very fabric of the organization.
VwexW6lej58-00231-00120800-00121309 If it is not central, if there is not the mantra that sort of says,
VwexW6lej58-00232-00121309-00121520 if it is not in the data base it doesn't exist,
VwexW6lej58-00233-00121520-00122259 you are going to struggle to be able to really realize all of these terrific benefits.
VwexW6lej58-00234-00122259-00122670 Kami: Excellent. So let's talk about some examples that you've worked with in the past.
VwexW6lej58-00235-00122670-00123350 Dean: Sure. These are all in and around the Philadelphia area.
VwexW6lej58-00236-00123350-00123780 For instance, Cradles to Crayons, they are headquartered in Boston.
VwexW6lej58-00237-00123790-00124470 And they are an organization that is sort of a child — they support child supporting organizations.
VwexW6lej58-00238-00124470-00125100 And they took their donors and their volunteers, as well as their service delivery,
VwexW6lej58-00239-00125100-00125740 and put it all together and created sort of an ordering system that also allows them
VwexW6lej58-00240-00125750-00126309 to now see, are their donors and their volunteers the same people.
VwexW6lej58-00241-00126309-00126890 So they can see hey, these people have now volunteered every week for the last 6 months,
VwexW6lej58-00242-00126890-00127380 and they also gave us $200 last year. Previous to that, they had some spreadsheet
VwexW6lej58-00243-00127390-00127659 in another system and it was sort of a little bit more split,
VwexW6lej58-00244-00127659-00128090 and it wasn't as easy for them to recognize that.
VwexW6lej58-00245-00128090-00128570 Cultural alliance, the Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance is an arts membershi
VwexW6lej58-00246-00128570-00129030 support organization supporting arts in the Philadelphia area.
VwexW6lej58-00247-00129040-00129390 And they are primarily a membership organization. And they were able
VwexW6lej58-00248-00129390-00130009 to combine their donor and fundraising along with their membership idea in their CRM.
VwexW6lej58-00249-00130009-00130380 And they were also able to take their CRM — and this is an important part of CRM —
VwexW6lej58-00250-00130380-00130870 and connect it to their website, so that members can go in and adjust their own information,
VwexW6lej58-00251-00130870-00131170 and support their own membership through a login
VwexW6lej58-00252-00131180-00131430 on the website and connectivity to the database.
VwexW6lej58-00253-00131430-00132240 And lastly, C3 is an organization. They are sort of a very typical health advocacy organization.
VwexW6lej58-00254-00132250-00132830 And the big thing about them is they are able to leverage the workflow
VwexW6lej58-00255-00132830-00133320 and other support processes within the CRM, something that may be sends out
VwexW6lej58-00256-00133320-00134000 automatic e-mails or responses based on a donation that has been entered or things like that,
VwexW6lej58-00257-00134010-00134540 so that they are able to place themselves as a larger more efficient organization,
VwexW6lej58-00258-00134540-00135150 and really push these relationships right to the edge with very few people.
VwexW6lej58-00259-00135150-00135540 Kami: So let's talk about we can get started.
VwexW6lej58-00260-00135540-00135960 Dean: How do we get started? Well, I think you need to cross your fingers
VwexW6lej58-00261-00135960-00136780 and hope that you are going to do it a little bit. I think that when we are talking about CRM,
VwexW6lej58-00262-00136780-00137300 it can be very difficult. But what we can do is we need to start right from the beginning
VwexW6lej58-00263-00137300-00137870 to try to give ourselves a boost up on being successful with this.
VwexW6lej58-00264-00137870-00138430 So we really need to identify as an organization what success means,
VwexW6lej58-00265-00138440-00138680 and that means different things to different organizations.
VwexW6lej58-00266-00138680-00139290 And when we are doing projects like this we want to make sure that our expectations are all aligned.
VwexW6lej58-00267-00139290-00139630 So identifying what success is, is really important.
VwexW6lej58-00268-00139630-00140130 And as we go through, we are going to start establishing what that need is.
VwexW6lej58-00269-00140140-00140580 Why do we have to do that? Again, some of the information we are talking about here
VwexW6lej58-00270-00140580-00141110 are benefits to using a CRM. You need to align those with your organization.
VwexW6lej58-00271-00141110-00141490 Where are the real benefits for your organization?
VwexW6lej58-00272-00141490-00142110 Start to build the buy-in. Buy-in is one of the big sort of — it's something we all chase.
VwexW6lej58-00273-00142110-00142640 It can be different in every organization, the reasons why someone doesn't use a system.
VwexW6lej58-00274-00142640-00143090 Sometimes you have had 3 bad databases and somebody is not going to expend more energy
VwexW6lej58-00275-00143090-00143790 in this next one. So we really want to do everything we can do to really build that buy-in.
VwexW6lej58-00276-00143790-00144080 And then ultimately, we really want to build the right database.
VwexW6lej58-00277-00144080-00144580 So that means we need to make sure we are collecting and understand all of our requirements.
VwexW6lej58-00278-00144580-00145020 And so usually I say give me the inputs, the outputs, and the business processes.
VwexW6lej58-00279-00145020-00145600 So inputs are intake forms, and information on how does it get into your system.
VwexW6lej58-00280-00145610-00146110 Where does it come from? Outputs obviously are reports or deliverables to funders.
VwexW6lej58-00281-00146110-00146630 And then we have business process, how do we work? So we don't only want to just figure out
VwexW6lej58-00282-00146640-00147170 what data we are putting in, but how. And can we use workflow and automated responses
VwexW6lej58-00283-00147170-00147480 and some of these other things to support our system?
VwexW6lej58-00284-00147480-00148070 But really when it comes to the buy-in the biggest thing is leading the project.
VwexW6lej58-00285-00148070-00148510 You really need to have somebody within your organization that can be a leader.
VwexW6lej58-00286-00148510-00149030 And so we need to right from the start, listen to the needs of the users.
VwexW6lej58-00287-00149030-00149680 People do not want to be handed a finished database and say, boy, here is your database.
VwexW6lej58-00288-00149680-00150040 This is what you're going to use. And this is the first they have seen or heard of it.
VwexW6lej58-00289-00150050-00150600 If you express the final vision of the outcomes, if you can have someone that says,
VwexW6lej58-00290-00150600-00151110 beyond the horizon we are going to have this wonderful system that will allow us to do this,
VwexW6lej58-00291-00151110-00151670 this, and this, this is going to get people on board and excited about what you are doing.
VwexW6lej58-00292-00151670-00152680 The next one is align the systems to your user's needs. And the little bracket there is WIIFM,
VwexW6lej58-00293-00152690-00153160 which stands for 'what is in it for me.' So everybody has a little bit
VwexW6lej58-00294-00153160-00153510 of the 'what's in it for me.' And especially when we are talking about a system
VwexW6lej58-00295-00153520-00154180 where we are going to try to fit everybody into a system, we can probably get an individual system
VwexW6lej58-00296-00154180-00154740 for any one of these departments that may be a little bit stronger or more robust
VwexW6lej58-00297-00154740-00155250 or fit a little bit better, but we may forgo some of that so that we can get all of this
VwexW6lej58-00298-00155250-00155760 under a single umbrella and being able to really support the work of each other.
VwexW6lej58-00299-00155760-00156130 And then ultimately, we need the leader that is going to drive the process
VwexW6lej58-00300-00156140-00156590 and make sure that it keeps moving and really gets it done.
VwexW6lej58-00301-00156590-00157130 It's a process that can take a long time, and we do need to really drive that.
VwexW6lej58-00302-00157130-00157570 So when we are looking at this, I don't want to — we don't necessarily have to read
VwexW6lej58-00303-00157570-00158200 all of these here, but we do need to have both the top executive we can find,
VwexW6lej58-00304-00158200-00158720 as well as the entire organization sort of buy into it. We have to sort of be reasonable
VwexW6lej58-00305-00158730-00159360 in what we want. And then we ultimately have to understand what success is going to be for us.
VwexW6lej58-00306-00159360-00159810 And then when we are talking about the requirements, I sort of stated what this is,
VwexW6lej58-00307-00159810-00160330 and that we need to understand what we are going to build.
VwexW6lej58-00308-00160330-00160960 So I've had experience with sort of several different kinds of requirements approaches
VwexW6lej58-00309-00160960-00161810 for organizations. And so some organizations, they track only what they do. Here is what we do.
VwexW6lej58-00310-00161810-00161970 Here's our spreadsheet, give me these fields.
VwexW6lej58-00311-00161980-00162470 Great. We are not going to create any change, or look forward or whatever, and that is fine.
VwexW6lej58-00312-00162470-00162980 Some organizations want to track what you want to do. This is what we are tracking,
VwexW6lej58-00313-00162980-00163230 but we want to do some outcomes tracking as well.
VwexW6lej58-00314-00163230-00163790 Great, here is a chance for institutional change. We are making some big changes here,
VwexW6lej58-00315-00163790-00164100 and we can piggyback and create some new things.
VwexW6lej58-00316-00164100-00164550 The thing you don't want to do is track everything you can think of.
VwexW6lej58-00317-00164550-00164950 There are organizations that will list thousands of fields because they can,
VwexW6lej58-00318-00164950-00165360 and this is what we thought up. An example of that is I had an organization asked me
VwexW6lej58-00319-00165370-00166080 to build an alternate fax number field. I can't think of a single reason why you would ever need
VwexW6lej58-00320-00166080-00166490 an alternate fax number. Maybe somebody else can and they can stick it up there on the chat.
VwexW6lej58-00321-00166490-00167240 But for me, it's sort of a sure sign that we are not where we need to be.
VwexW6lej58-00322-00167250-00167540 Kami: Great. So now we are going to talk about choosing.
VwexW6lej58-00323-00167540-00167900 What should we think about when choosing a system?
VwexW6lej58-00324-00167900-00168750 Dean: Okay. When we are doing this, this list here is probably not a surprise to anybody.
VwexW6lej58-00325-00168750-00169080 So we are going to look at the features, and we are going to figure out how much this costs.
VwexW6lej58-00326-00169080-00170160 Is it easy to use, and flexible, and so forth? And some of that is in the eye of the beholder.
VwexW6lej58-00327-00170160-00170830 But I do think you want to look for a system that is used by a large number of users.
VwexW6lej58-00328-00170830-00171320 That means it is generally vetted, and the user experience is pretty streamlined,
VwexW6lej58-00329-00171320-00171890 and has been smoothed out over time. We want to make sure that we can implement it in
VwexW6lej58-00330-00171900-00172700 an easy fashion, that it is sustainable, and that we can also integrate our data and so forth.
VwexW6lej58-00331-00172700-00173550 And when we talk about sustainable, this is I think a place where there is a fair number of systems
VwexW6lej58-00332-00173550-00174120 out there that have done a little bit of a disservice to nonprofits. I don't want to mention anybody
VwexW6lej58-00333-00174120-00174760 specifically, but if you have a system that you need to hire a programmer to change
VwexW6lej58-00334-00174770-00175430 or add a field, somebody has done you wrong. We don't have the capacity to have
VwexW6lej58-00335-00175430-00176000 this internal stuff, and it is not easy very often to find external resources
VwexW6lej58-00336-00176000-00176610 at a price that nonprofits can afford. So you need to look for something that is something
VwexW6lej58-00337-00176610-00177010 that we can put in today, but does it have the support,
VwexW6lej58-00338-00177010-00177440 or is there a nonprofit sort of implementer community around it
VwexW6lej58-00339-00177440-00177950 that can make sure that if your original implementer — we don't say gets hit by a bus.
VwexW6lej58-00340-00177950-00178440 We say, wins the lottery. — so if your implementer wins the lottery is there somebody else
VwexW6lej58-00341-00178450-00178770 in that community that understands the standards of nonprofits well enough
VwexW6lej58-00342-00178770-00179310 to be able to support you without having to take out a loan?
VwexW6lej58-00343-00179310-00179810 So many of these systems you should be able to add a field
VwexW6lej58-00344-00179810-00180560 or make some of the changes on your own, so that you can support it yourself.
VwexW6lej58-00345-00180570-00181140 And then ultimately, there are factors about sustainability that you should look at right up front.
VwexW6lej58-00346-00181140-00181580 Is it server based or is it cloud based? We hear a lot about the cloud.
VwexW6lej58-00347-00181590-00182060 A true cloud system is a data center that the organization runs.
VwexW6lej58-00348-00182060-00182500 All of the data bases are sitting in the same servers.
VwexW6lej58-00349-00182500-00183130 They are all running the exact same sort of software. And they do the upgrades and support
VwexW6lej58-00350-00183140-00183710 in that data center versus you may need something that is server based for some reason.
VwexW6lej58-00351-00183710-00184320 And you do have to look then at the additional cost both of maintaining your server, upgrading it,
VwexW6lej58-00352-00184320-00185110 as well as managing your software, and then also being in charge of it being up and working for you.
VwexW6lej58-00353-00185110-00185970 So the last thing here is really integrating your data. If you are creating another silo for yourself,
VwexW6lej58-00354-00185970-00186520 you have put yourself behind on the curve. We want to make sure that we have a system
VwexW6lej58-00355-00186520-00186870 that not only integrates with things we know, but also gives the ability
VwexW6lej58-00356-00186880-00187540 for us in 6 months to say oh, we want to link this into Twitter,
VwexW6lej58-00357-00187540-00187970 or we want to create a Facebook sort of connection through this.
VwexW6lej58-00358-00187970-00188480 So really what you want to do is have something that is called an open API.
VwexW6lej58-00359-00188480-00189060 API stands for application programming interface. People deal with a system
VwexW6lej58-00360-00189070-00189470 through the user interface. That's the forms and the fields we fill out.
VwexW6lej58-00361-00189470-00189860 Applications talk to each other through this application programming interface.
VwexW6lej58-00362-00189870-00190570 And it's really just a language and some code that is published by the database or the CRM vendor
VwexW6lej58-00363-00190570-00190920 that says, this is how you pull information out of our system,
VwexW6lej58-00364-00190920-00191620 and this is how you would put information back in. So if we want to create a website
VwexW6lej58-00365-00191620-00192230 that automatically shows our top contributors, or food resources in our database,
VwexW6lej58-00366-00192230-00192760 or whatever information in our database, live basically when somebody goes to our website,
VwexW6lej58-00367-00192770-00193080 you are going to do that through the API.
VwexW6lej58-00368-00193080-00193740 One caution, very often somebody that doesn't have an open API will say, we can sync it.
VwexW6lej58-00369-00193740-00194260 If you've ever tried to sync your phone with your Outlook, you know the issues that can happen
VwexW6lej58-00370-00194260-00194740 with syncing. You can end up with duplicates, or what overwrites what,
VwexW6lej58-00371-00194750-00195180 and how does all of that work. So somebody who is saying: no, we don't have an open API,
VwexW6lej58-00372-00195180-00195460 but we can just pull it out in a spreadsheet and sync it.
VwexW6lej58-00373-00195460-00195910 Please give that a second look and be a little bit wary of that.
VwexW6lej58-00374-00195910-00196400 That being said, there are wonderful tools out there, that are out there that do connect
VwexW6lej58-00375-00196410-00196930 multiple data points. And they are much better, and they are really sort of next generational,
VwexW6lej58-00376-00196930-00197230 but there is an additional cost to them.
VwexW6lej58-00377-00197230-00197870 And then ultimately want to be able to do communications, and be able to reach
VwexW6lej58-00378-00197870-00198240 and build those relationships. It's all about the relationships in this system,
VwexW6lej58-00379-00198240-00198580 so you need a system that obviously can do that.
VwexW6lej58-00380-00198580-00198780 Kami: And then there are additional things to look for.
VwexW6lej58-00381-00198780-00199260 Can you tell us a little bit more about some additional things?
VwexW6lej58-00382-00199270-00200370 Dean: Okay well, the big thing here is the unique work. I've been a nonprofit technology
VwexW6lej58-00383-00200370-00200780 and working strictly in the nonprofit world for over 15 years now,
VwexW6lej58-00384-00200780-00201300 and I love the fact that every nonprofit really feels that they are unique. And the truth is,
VwexW6lej58-00385-00201310-00201980 they really are. However, for most, donations are pretty straightforward.
VwexW6lej58-00386-00201980-00202420 Very often it is in our program delivery where we feel our uniqueness is.
VwexW6lej58-00387-00202420-00202870 But you need to be able to have a system that is flexible enough to capture
VwexW6lej58-00388-00202870-00203680 your specific uniqueness. Every nonprofit does have it. So you may be membership, and donors,
VwexW6lej58-00389-00203680-00204420 and seminars. Another one might be volunteers, and workshops, and grants.
VwexW6lej58-00390-00204430-00205040 So you need to be able to have a system that supports the different things that you do,
VwexW6lej58-00391-00205040-00205769 and is able to capture that, or else the system ultimately isn't going to be true for you.
VwexW6lej58-00392-00205780-00206260 You want to make sure that it can integrate with your other systems, your website.
VwexW6lej58-00393-00206260-00206740 We all understand that there are some government reporting requirements.
VwexW6lej58-00394-00206740-00207080 And the government in their wisdom usually says, this is the system you use.
VwexW6lej58-00395-00207080-00207430 You don't have any choice, and no, we don't care if integrates with anything,
VwexW6lej58-00396-00207440-00208160 and it doesn't integrate right now. So that is a situation usually where we are going to have to
VwexW6lej58-00397-00208160-00208710 have 2 systems, but we want to try to keep it to as few as possible.
VwexW6lej58-00398-00208710-00209169 So ultimately, we want to be able to get a system that can capture all our relationships
VwexW6lej58-00399-00209180-00209750 and supply us with real-time information through either reporting or dashboards.
VwexW6lej58-00400-00209750-00209980 And those of you that are a little bit new to dashboards,
VwexW6lej58-00401-00209990-00210490 dashboards really is totally analogous to the idea of the dashboard on your car.
VwexW6lej58-00402-00210490-00211050 It provides you real-time information. For instance, if you don't need a listing on your car
VwexW6lej58-00403-00211060-00211519 of every place you've been in the last 6 months, you need to know how much gas you have now.
VwexW6lej58-00404-00211519-00212210 So the idea of a dashboard is usually based on a report. It tells us how many donations this month,
VwexW6lej58-00405-00212210-00212560 how many volunteer hours have been produced this week,
VwexW6lej58-00406-00212560-00213030 how many clients have we served today, that sort of real time information
VwexW6lej58-00407-00213030-00213580 that a system needs to give us to really move us ahead.
VwexW6lej58-00408-00213580-00213960 Kami: So once this is set up, how can we ensure that it is utilized?
VwexW6lej58-00409-00213960-00214680 Dean: Well, I am a big — if you ever want to really get me going, let's start talking about the truth
VwexW6lej58-00410-00214680-00215230 in databases. You need to have someone within the organization, or someone,
VwexW6lej58-00411-00215230-00216080 an external asset that has enough juice to defend the truth within your organization.
VwexW6lej58-00412-00216080-00216380 And that really comes in 2 sets of clothes.
VwexW6lej58-00413-00216390-00216850 One is, the database needs to be able to accurately record the work that you do.
VwexW6lej58-00414-00216850-00217260 It needs to be true to the stuff, the programs, the volunteers.
VwexW6lej58-00415-00217260-00217740 If you add a new program you need to figure out how it is going to recorded in your database.
VwexW6lej58-00416-00217740-00217969 It needs to be true to the work of your organization.
VwexW6lej58-00417-00217969-00218400 Now most organizations, almost all of them are growing and changing,
VwexW6lej58-00418-00218400-00218850 so you cannot stop and just assume we've got it right. You have to continually look,
VwexW6lej58-00419-00218850-00219190 and you have to be aware that every change you make within the organization,
VwexW6lej58-00420-00219200-00219619 we may need to look at a supporting change in the database.
VwexW6lej58-00421-00219619-00220260 The second part is probably even more important, and that is the truth of your data.
VwexW6lej58-00422-00220260-00220730 If your data is not true, if it is not trusted, if we don't know that this is the phone number,
VwexW6lej58-00423-00220740-00221540 or we are putting in bad spellings for names, and things like that, as soon as our data is not true,
VwexW6lej58-00424-00221540-00222060 we don't trust it and we don't use it. So it is very important that we work
VwexW6lej58-00425-00222060-00222880 to maintain the truth of our data. And that means that you have a data entry standards document
VwexW6lej58-00426-00222890-00223350 that says, what do you enter, how do you enter it, when does it get entered.
VwexW6lej58-00427-00223350-00223810 When I come in and I build a database for someone, I'm putting down the place
VwexW6lej58-00428-00223810-00224169 for them to put their data. When they put that data, and what that he looks like,
VwexW6lej58-00429-00224180-00224860 that is up to them. So that has to be sort of a continuous internal process. You need to check it
VwexW6lej58-00430-00224860-00225130 when it goes in. It needs to be checked while it's in there.
VwexW6lej58-00431-00225140-00225330 And we need to double check our outputs.
VwexW6lej58-00432-00225330-00225700 So one of the things that I suggest people in the Philadelphia area,
VwexW6lej58-00433-00225710-00226210 all of the Philadelphia area zip codes start with 191, and then have 2 numbers after that.
VwexW6lej58-00434-00226210-00226880 So I say do a report that says, give me every organization whose zip code starts with 191
VwexW6lej58-00435-00226880-00227330 where the city does not equal Philadelphia. So now you are looking at data
VwexW6lej58-00436-00227330-00227700 where it might say Philly. It might say Philla-something spelled wrong,
VwexW6lej58-00437-00227700-00228150 or it might even say Chicago. Then we know we have an issue with our data.
VwexW6lej58-00438-00228150-00228719 So you need to continue working on this to make sure that you are ahead of the curve.
VwexW6lej58-00439-00228719-00229400 You need to look, and hopefully you see some of these signs here.
VwexW6lej58-00440-00229410-00230019 So you've built what you need. You are continuing to review it, and as it changes,
VwexW6lej58-00441-00230019-00230810 as your organization changes, you are changing the database that your data is true.
VwexW6lej58-00442-00230819-00231260 You trust it that everybody is taking responsibility for entering it,
VwexW6lej58-00443-00231260-00231669 that you are coming up with data validation rules as you are coming along
VwexW6lej58-00444-00231669-00232100 to make sure that this is really what you want in there.
VwexW6lej58-00445-00232100-00232560 You need to have someone within your organization that is looking out,
VwexW6lej58-00446-00232560-00233280 and is sort of chief of the above on this slide. So it's really having an advocate
VwexW6lej58-00447-00233280-00233819 within the organization for the database, for the truth of the database, and for the data.
VwexW6lej58-00448-00233830-00234380 And ultimately, the best sign is if your database is being used. If it is not being used,
VwexW6lej58-00449-00234380-00234919 there could be a number of reasons. But if it is being used, then there is a pretty good chance
VwexW6lej58-00450-00234919-00235419 that it is working for you.
VwexW6lej58-00451-00235419-00236210 So I think I have one little last warning here for everyone. We've sped through this really,
VwexW6lej58-00452-00236210-00236950 but we have identified in this process that this is not an easy thing to do. And I sort of joke.
VwexW6lej58-00453-00236960-00237440 And we work with people who are also doing websites, and usually the first meeting
VwexW6lej58-00454-00237440-00237780 somebody says something like, we want a new website that is energetic,
VwexW6lej58-00455-00237780-00238319 and easy to maneuver in, and expresses our energy. And so somebody goes away
VwexW6lej58-00456-00238319-00238560 and they build something, and you either like it or you don't.
VwexW6lej58-00457-00238560-00238880 And you go back and forth and it doesn't realy require a whole lot.
VwexW6lej58-00458-00238880-00239290 When we are doing databases, you can think your house is in order,
VwexW6lej58-00459-00239300-00239650 but my job as a database implementer is to find the dust bunnies.
VwexW6lej58-00460-00239650-00240350 It is to find the processes that are ill-defined, to know where you've got something
VwexW6lej58-00461-00240360-00240880 that's ambiguous, or your naming convention doesn't quite work. We want to look at that,
VwexW6lej58-00462-00240880-00241310 and we are going to tear it apart. And it really takes — if we are going to do a CRM
VwexW6lej58-00463-00241310-00241710 for an organization, we are going to be looking and working with everyone in that organization.
VwexW6lej58-00464-00241710-00242300 It's going to take a lot of time, and a lot of energy, a lot of focus to get it right.
VwexW6lej58-00465-00242310-00242700 So I really recommend you do it, but be aware that when you do it,
VwexW6lej58-00466-00242700-00243150 it is going to be hard before it gets easy.
VwexW6lej58-00467-00243150-00243760 Kami: Well said. And yes, this was a lot of information. We have time now for Q&A.
VwexW6lej58-00468-00243760-00244130 And I just want to remind everyone this was recorded. You can go back and look at it.
VwexW6lej58-00469-00244130-00244580 We will give you the Power Point. And we have the community forums to use
VwexW6lej58-00470-00244590-00244810 as a place to post more questions.
VwexW6lej58-00471-00244810-00245230 There is a really cool chat going on that Becky is forwarding questions around.
VwexW6lej58-00472-00245230-00245700 But I do want to spend just a minute talking about the tools. I know we were going to focus
VwexW6lej58-00473-00245710-00245980 on the tools, but people are very curious, what are some of the tools
VwexW6lej58-00474-00245980-00246130 that they should be looking at.
VwexW6lej58-00475-00246130-00246669 And the last thing is, there is an article on TechSoup that I will include in the follow-up e-mail
VwexW6lej58-00476-00246669-00247030 that will explain further these tools. But Dean, if you could just mention
VwexW6lej58-00477-00247030-00247260 a couple of the tools that you have used in the past.
VwexW6lej58-00478-00247260-00248260 Dean: Sure. There are sort of a couple of types of tools. Very often CRM sort of gets lumped
VwexW6lej58-00479-00248260-00248660 into a lot of sort fundraising tools. I tend to believe we want to look at something
VwexW6lej58-00480-00248660-00249250 that can really be used by an entire organization. So I tend to look at more at something like
VwexW6lej58-00481-00249250-00250160 CiviCRM, Sugar, Salesforce. You have Microsoft Dynamics is coming along
VwexW6lej58-00482-00250160-00250780 with a great new sort of nonprofit sort of centric offerings. So when we are looking
VwexW6lej58-00483-00250790-00251769 at some sort of pure CRM's that we can really adapt to the various uses for a nonprofit,
VwexW6lej58-00484-00251769-00252230 I think those are probably better than a specific volunteer tool
VwexW6lej58-00485-00252240-00252750 that we are trying to make fit fundraising, or a fundraising tool that we are trying to get to
VwexW6lej58-00486-00252750-00253419 capture volunteering or something else. So I would say probably I may be missing something
VwexW6lej58-00487-00253430-00253969 off the top of my head, but I think we are probably talking about Dynamics, Salesforce, Sugar, Civi.
VwexW6lej58-00488-00253969-00254319 Those are probably the big 4 right now.
VwexW6lej58-00489-00254330-00254890 Kami: And then a follow-up question to that is the costs, and if they work with Macs.
VwexW6lej58-00490-00254890-00255630 Dean: Okay. Well, when you are talking about Macintoshes the cloud type systems,
VwexW6lej58-00491-00255630-00256010 and I think all of the ones that I mentioned are cloud based or could be,
VwexW6lej58-00492-00256019-00256569 which means they are accessed through browser are certainly things
VwexW6lej58-00493-00256569-00257210 that can be used on Macs as well as PCs. You could even use them on other type boxes
VwexW6lej58-00494-00257210-00257719 if you had a Linux box or something like that through sort of a standardized browser.
VwexW6lej58-00495-00257719-00258000 Different systems support different browsers different ways.
VwexW6lej58-00496-00258000-00258340 But for the most part, if you have a browser and access to the Internet
VwexW6lej58-00497-00258340-00258500 you would be able to use these.
VwexW6lej58-00498-00258500-00259280 As far as costs, this is probably a huge range. There are sort of quick starts,
VwexW6lej58-00499-00259290-00259719 or down and dirties, or just give me the basics, where you are looking at
VwexW6lej58-00500-00259719-00260669 a couple of thousand dollars or even free. Some of these open source systems are free
VwexW6lej58-00501-00260669-00261069 until you are talking about implementations. They are either donated or whatever,
VwexW6lej58-00502-00261069-00261340 and really your cost is implementation.
VwexW6lej58-00503-00261340-00261760 But when we are looking at this and you are trying to budget for it,
VwexW6lej58-00504-00261760-00262180 usually what we like to do because we sort of understand the nonprofit cycles,
VwexW6lej58-00505-00262190-00262910 is we do an initial engagement with somebody where the deliverable is for them to receive
VwexW6lej58-00506-00262910-00263290 a scope of work, so they know what the database costs are going to be,
VwexW6lej58-00507-00263290-00263480 and then they can go get funding.
VwexW6lej58-00508-00263480-00264020 But we have seen them anywhere, they are probably averaging $5000 -$15,000.
VwexW6lej58-00509-00264020-00264340 And we have seeing them $30,000, and $50,000, and $80,000 depending on the size.
VwexW6lej58-00510-00264340-00264760 There are huge nonprofits. University of Pennsylvania is a nonprofit, and obviously
VwexW6lej58-00511-00264760-00265260 they are going to have a whole different thing than a little three-person advocacy organization
VwexW6lej58-00512-00265260-00265770 that wants to build a database. They might be able to get away with $3 -$8000
VwexW6lej58-00513-00265770-00266030 type of engagement.
VwexW6lej58-00514-00266040-00266620 Kami: Excellent. Thank you for touching on that. So I'm going to move onto a question,
VwexW6lej58-00515-00266620-00267130 is it possible to use a spreadsheet until it is possible to afford a proper CRM?
VwexW6lej58-00516-00267140-00267960 Dean: Sure. I guess it's — in the nonprofit we deal with what we can.
VwexW6lej58-00517-00267960-00268520 So I think that when we are looking at spreadsheets the first thing that I would say
VwexW6lej58-00518-00268530-00269170 if you are going to use it, try to use it as closely to how it would be in a database as possible.
VwexW6lej58-00519-00269170-00269610 So we want to separate different data bits into different columns.
VwexW6lej58-00520-00269620-00269950 Don't put the whole address in the one field in the spreadsheet.
VwexW6lej58-00521-00269950-00270280 And be a little bit thoughtful about what you are capturing.
VwexW6lej58-00522-00270290-00270770 Usually I'm taking information from spreadsheets and putting them into the CRM,
VwexW6lej58-00523-00270770-00271300 so that's very easy to do assuming the data is clean.
VwexW6lej58-00524-00271300-00271660 More important to where you are collecting it, is that you are collecting the right
VwexW6lej58-00525-00271660-00271890 and clean data ultimately.
VwexW6lej58-00526-00271900-00272310 Kami: And if people are concerned about well, I have this spreadsheet on my computer.
VwexW6lej58-00527-00272310-00272780 I can't share with people. Considering using Google Docs or Google Spreadsheet
VwexW6lej58-00528-00272780-00273150 and that way it stays online and multiple people can access it simultaneously.
VwexW6lej58-00529-00273150-00273360 So that is pretty helpful.
VwexW6lej58-00530-00273370-00273800 Another question, the biggest barrier to using CRM and our org is centralizing
VwexW6lej58-00531-00273800-00274210 and importing our data. It is on paper, in files, and e-mail, and all over the place.
VwexW6lej58-00532-00274220-00274630 Help in this area would be great. So what suggestions do you have for Laura.
VwexW6lej58-00533-00274630-00275150 Dean: Well, Laura, you are not alone. This is really quite common.
VwexW6lej58-00534-00275160-00275600 People have contacts in their individual Outlooks. They have them on their phones,
VwexW6lej58-00535-00275600-00275910 or on pieces of paper. They are in Excel spreadsheets. They are all over.
VwexW6lej58-00536-00275910-00276540 So the first thing probably is you can export your Outlook into an Excel spreadsheet,
VwexW6lej58-00537-00276540-00277100 and that is probably as good a format as anything else. You can take that
VwexW6lej58-00538-00277100-00277700 and you can combine multiple Outlook contact groups into one sheet that way,
VwexW6lej58-00539-00277700-00278290 and then do some de-duping. Then after that, you are really going to have to take that paper
VwexW6lej58-00540-00278290-00278930 and get it electronic. And what I usually tell people is you can pay me X amount an hour,
VwexW6lej58-00541-00278940-00279490 or you can hire a college kid or intern or something else and have them just sit there
VwexW6lej58-00542-00279490-00280070 and type this stuff into an Excel spreadsheet. And really that is going to be what you are
VwexW6lej58-00543-00280070-00280420 going to have to do. You have to get it from the paper into an electronic.
VwexW6lej58-00544-00280430-00280930 If we consider the spreadsheet sort of the central thing,
VwexW6lej58-00545-00280930-00281300 we can pull Outlook into Excel spreadsheets. We can take Access databases
VwexW6lej58-00546-00281310-00281690 and make it a spreadsheet, and now we can sort of combine them,
VwexW6lej58-00547-00281690-00282060 look at dupes and manipulate them. There are a lot of formulas that we can do
VwexW6lej58-00548-00282060-00282500 to get the data to a reasonable quality to where we can important to the CRM.
VwexW6lej58-00549-00282500-00282810 So I would get into an Excel spreadsheet, Laura.
VwexW6lej58-00550-00282810-00283200 Kami: And Larry's question, can you suggest ways to validate our data?
VwexW6lej58-00551-00283200-00283600 For example when people pass away or move away, how can we keep up with that?
VwexW6lej58-00552-00283600-00283880 Are there tools or subscription services?
VwexW6lej58-00553-00283880-00284540 Dean: There are a couple of things, they tend not to be cheap.
VwexW6lej58-00554-00284540-00285180 It's something nonprofits struggle with. I think we are probably going to see more of this.
VwexW6lej58-00555-00285180-00285830 I think Jigsaw is a program. I'm not totally familiar with it, but I think it does something like that
VwexW6lej58-00556-00285830-00286580 about filling out additional information. I think one thing I would say about that is if you find out
VwexW6lej58-00557-00286580-00286910 you have bad data you need to change it in your system right away,
VwexW6lej58-00558-00286920-00287510 and that very often taking a little extra time to sort of track down the right data right then and there
VwexW6lej58-00559-00287510-00288080 is probably the best thing to do. I also don't think we should delete people from the system,
VwexW6lej58-00560-00288080-00288590 but we should have some way of identifying people that are inactive for whatever reason.
VwexW6lej58-00561-00288590-00288930 I hope that is a little bit of a help Larry.
VwexW6lej58-00562-00288930-00289390 Kami: So a question which I tend to agree with a little bit, this is from Steve,
VwexW6lej58-00563-00289390-00289930 but it sounds like this is an intensive planning and rolling out a process.
VwexW6lej58-00564-00289930-00290440 Is there a way to choose a CRM platform and then gradually migrate to it
VwexW6lej58-00565-00290450-00290720 adding modules as needed over time?
VwexW6lej58-00566-00290720-00291100 Dean: Well, yeah. And I'm sorry I didn't catch who asked that question. Do we have name there?
VwexW6lej58-00567-00291100-00291240 Kami: Steve.
VwexW6lej58-00568-00291250-00291680 Dean: Steve, I think that one of the slides there was sort of the idea
VwexW6lej58-00569-00291680-00292290 that this is a never-ending process. So I really do believe that we do not want to swallow the ocean
VwexW6lej58-00570-00292290-00292670 necessarily all of the time. I have seen failed implementations,
VwexW6lej58-00571-00292680-00292930 because people have said you know what, we are going to stop right now.
VwexW6lej58-00572-00292930-00293150 We are going to capture everything we are going to do, and we are not going to move
VwexW6lej58-00573-00293150-00293670 until we implement everything. And for some organizations, they don't have the money,
VwexW6lej58-00574-00293680-00294290 or the time, or sort of the ability to focus long enough to get it all done.
VwexW6lej58-00575-00294290-00294670 So I think it is really important. We can see where the low hanging fruit is.
VwexW6lej58-00576-00294680-00295280 A lot of times development is very discrete. It's pretty standard. It doesn't deviate too much
VwexW6lej58-00577-00295280-00295700 from one org to another, and we can get in and get development going on that,
VwexW6lej58-00578-00295700-00295920 and they can use the system and sort of built some momentum.
VwexW6lej58-00579-00295920-00296130 And then we can look at phase 2 and 3.
VwexW6lej58-00580-00296130-00296660 I think almost any implementation system, implementation should have at least a 2nd
VwexW6lej58-00581-00296660-00297130 or 3rd phase envisioned almost from the start, so that we know we are not finishing
VwexW6lej58-00582-00297130-00297730 and that we have sort of a goal to finish here, and what is the next one and the one after that.
VwexW6lej58-00583-00297730-00298270 For me, usually that 2nd phase is starting to involve implementation
VwexW6lej58-00584-00298280-00298710 or integrating systems with website and the database.
VwexW6lej58-00585-00298710-00299120 And very often we put that off, because they don't even know how the database is working.
VwexW6lej58-00586-00299120-00299820 So it is better for them to understand that when we start connecting it up to things.
VwexW6lej58-00587-00299830-00300190 Kami: Thank you for that. And this question is from the Meredith. We have a furniture bank
VwexW6lej58-00588-00300190-00300850 for our clients. Are there any CRM's that can handle inventory tracking and in-kind donations?
VwexW6lej58-00589-00300850-00301880 Dean: Well, let me tell Meredith the first thing is that in-kind donations are not difficult at all
VwexW6lej58-00590-00301880-00302700 in systems. They are simply donations with a different sort of valuing.
VwexW6lej58-00591-00302700-00303050 And very often with in-kind donations we want to put a value on them,
VwexW6lej58-00592-00303050-00303610 so it's a matter of registering them as a different type of donation.
VwexW6lej58-00593-00303610-00304260 So when we are looking at donations in CRM we are usually looking at cash, or memorial,
VwexW6lej58-00594-00304270-00304730 or matching, or whatever, and in-kind is just another one.
VwexW6lej58-00595-00304730-00305500 When we are talking about inventory, most of these systems can do some level of inventory.
VwexW6lej58-00596-00305500-00306080 If you are looking for just-in-time or some of the real sort of traditional inventorying tools,
VwexW6lej58-00597-00306080-00306760 a CRM probably isn't the best thing. But if you want to get a feel for hay we've got 40 couches,
VwexW6lej58-00598-00306760-00307130 and I apologize if I'm a little off, and I am just guessing here.
VwexW6lej58-00599-00307130-00307550 But you can do a pretty good job of tracking what this is
VwexW6lej58-00600-00307550-00307850 and what's in the system through these objects.
VwexW6lej58-00601-00307850-00308450 Most of these systems come with sort of a standard. They've got names, addresses,
VwexW6lej58-00602-00308450-00308860 and phone numbers in here. It's the whole build versus buy. This is sort of the middle ground.
VwexW6lej58-00603-00308860-00309330 It's got names, addresses, and e-mails. And then it allows us to build some custom objects,
VwexW6lej58-00604-00309330-00309930 so that if we want to track how many X's we have we can do that, and bring them in
VwexW6lej58-00605-00309940-00310360 and take them out. And it really is sort of understanding what your needs are
VwexW6lej58-00606-00310360-00311060 to see if a particular system is robust enough for you to use.
VwexW6lej58-00607-00311070-00311810 Kami: So there's — I'm not sure if this is — so Hollis had a question, what about integrating,
VwexW6lej58-00608-00311810-00312280 the integration of content management systems. So I guess what the question is,
VwexW6lej58-00609-00312280-00312610 is maybe they've got a donor database, and they've got a volunteer database.
VwexW6lej58-00610-00312610-00313010 Would you have any recommendations if people have several really good databases,
VwexW6lej58-00611-00313020-00313430 but they want to pull them all together into one, what with the process be?
VwexW6lej58-00612-00313430-00314020 Dean: Well, I think for when we are looking at any of these I think the first and most important thing
VwexW6lej58-00613-00314020-00314260 is understanding your requirements. So it goes back to this
VwexW6lej58-00614-00314260-00314840 sort of can this handle the uniqueness of us. So what are our requirements?
VwexW6lej58-00615-00314840-00315270 We do this, and we don't do that. We need to be able to access it through the web browser,
VwexW6lej58-00616-00315270-00315750 but we don't need to send e-mails. What are the basic requirements?
VwexW6lej58-00617-00315750-00316560 If you are looking — that's about from whatever state you are coming from
VwexW6lej58-00618-00316560-00316990 whether you have data solutions already and you are migrating to a single one.
VwexW6lej58-00619-00316990-00317440 I think when you have data solutions you have to be particularly important about
VwexW6lej58-00620-00317440-00318010 and pay attention to the buy-in. So I had a circumstance where the only part in
VwexW6lej58-00621-00318010-00318520 an organization that had a data structure was the development portion.
VwexW6lej58-00622-00318520-00318910 And so they were little reticent about giving up something they knew and they liked
VwexW6lej58-00623-00318910-00319500 and worked for them to work with in a new system that everybody was going
VwexW6lej58-00624-00319500-00319750 to play around in. And they were a little nervous about that.
VwexW6lej58-00625-00319750-00320270 And we had to work really hard to talk to them, and to everyone about what is the benefit
VwexW6lej58-00626-00320270-00320810 to being able to see and share information, and to really share ownership overall.
VwexW6lej58-00627-00320820-00321290 So if you have existing systems, not only do you have to do the requirements,
VwexW6lej58-00628-00321290-00321720 but you have to pay attention again to the people.
VwexW6lej58-00629-00321720-00322290 Kami: And a question about security, how secure are these systems?
VwexW6lej58-00630-00322290-00322700 And how can people's data be compromised?
VwexW6lej58-00631-00322700-00323220 Dean: So I guess if I take the question to its simpler form,
VwexW6lej58-00632-00323220-00323900 is the intake form that I have sitting on my desk more or less secure than a cloud based CRM?
VwexW6lej58-00633-00323900-00324490 So I think that's pretty obvious. I think people tend to feel a little uneasy
VwexW6lej58-00634-00324490-00325010 if their data is sitting somewhere else. But the reality is here that there are protocols
VwexW6lej58-00635-00325010-00325770 and standards. And you are using systems that Dell, or Starbucks, like major corporations
VwexW6lej58-00636-00325770-00326240 are using, and they have vetted the security. And these systems in the cloud
VwexW6lej58-00637-00326250-00326570 are sitting in data centers. They want to you where the data centers are,
VwexW6lej58-00638-00326570-00327000 because they don't want you to know for security reasons. And they are being backed up,
VwexW6lej58-00639-00327000-00327220 and there are more redundancies and environmental controls
VwexW6lej58-00640-00327230-00327460 than you or I could ever afford.
VwexW6lej58-00641-00327460-00327840 The big thing that you have to worry about is they are sort of set u
VwexW6lej58-00642-00327840-00328440 to make sure that their system is up and running. What their systems don't do
VwexW6lej58-00643-00328440-00329170 is safeguard you or your new intern from deleting 4000 records out of your system.
VwexW6lej58-00644-00329170-00329810 If you are using a cloud based system, you can't go to them and say can you revert my data back
VwexW6lej58-00645-00329820-00330320 to yesterday? They don't work that way. That is not what their systems are set up to protect.
VwexW6lej58-00646-00330320-00330760 So what you need to do is make sure that you have a system that you can back u
VwexW6lej58-00647-00330770-00331500 or pull your own data from on a regular basis, at least weekly, so that if you damage your data,
VwexW6lej58-00648-00331500-00332230 you can fix it. And that's really — the vulnerability there is still about you damaging your data.
VwexW6lej58-00649-00332230-00332740 We have pretty secure lines now through the Internet. Somebody could obviously
VwexW6lej58-00650-00332750-00333300 may be hack that. But ultimately, whether it's in the locked cabinet in your office,
VwexW6lej58-00651-00333300-00333660 or in the laptop that somebody is taking on the subway every day,
VwexW6lej58-00652-00333670-00334320 those are not as secure as the data sitting in the secure data centers.
VwexW6lej58-00653-00334320-00335170 Kami: And a question/comment from Laurie. So you had mentioned that you would consider
VwexW6lej58-00654-00335170-00335520 FileMaker a CRM, but she thinks it is more of a glorified spreadsheet.
VwexW6lej58-00655-00335530-00335670 So can you comment on that?
VwexW6lej58-00656-00335670-00336400 Dean: Did I call FileMaker a CRM? I think FileMaker or Access or ACT,
VwexW6lej58-00657-00336400-00336700 and ACT has changed a little bit, but the older versions of ACT
VwexW6lej58-00658-00336710-00337390 are contact management systems, Outlook. They are address books. They're are spreadsheets.
VwexW6lej58-00659-00337390-00337810 We can set up an Excel spreadsheet as an address book. That's great.
VwexW6lej58-00660-00337810-00338550 What is more difficult for FileMaker, or Access, or Outlook, or whatever without add-ins
VwexW6lej58-00661-00338560-00338980 or whatever is to really understand and see what the relationships are.
VwexW6lej58-00662-00338980-00339430 And that is what sets a Salesforce, or a Dynamics, or Civi, or Sugar
VwexW6lej58-00663-00339430-00340120 apart from the address books. So I agree with her.
VwexW6lej58-00664-00340120-00340590 Kami: Great. A question from Second Life, and also the similar question from someone
VwexW6lej58-00665-00340600-00341170 in ReadyTalk about what is the best way to get people on board? Using it, the training,
VwexW6lej58-00666-00341170-00341500 getting people excited about using it? Like have you heard any kind of fun ways
VwexW6lej58-00667-00341510-00341780 to get people to want to use it?
VwexW6lej58-00668-00341780-00342200 Dean: Yeah, and I sort of alluded to the trouble of user adoption.
VwexW6lej58-00669-00342210-00342630 It's something that everybody can struggle with. So I would say lunch and learns
VwexW6lej58-00670-00342630-00343190 are a great way to do it. Do fun documentation. Have some fun with communications.
VwexW6lej58-00671-00343190-00343850 Communicate about the system. Do benefits. Give somebody the weekly award
VwexW6lej58-00672-00343850-00344360 for the wackiest report built, or whatever. Again, it is about the energy
VwexW6lej58-00673-00344360-00344960 that someone is sort of leading this process with. And then it is also about managers
VwexW6lej58-00674-00344960-00345310 and leadership saying, you know what, if it is not in there it doesn't exist.
VwexW6lej58-00675-00345310-00345730 Go to a meeting and instead of handing out a report, present on the screen
VwexW6lej58-00676-00345730-00346270 the data right out of your CRM. Pull the report up on the screen.
VwexW6lej58-00677-00346270-00346980 Get people sort of working in it and playing in it, make it fun, bring some energy.
VwexW6lej58-00678-00346980-00347520 Kami: So several questions have to do with specific things about CiviCRM,
VwexW6lej58-00679-00347520-00347810 and specific things about Salesforce. Maybe will just take —
VwexW6lej58-00680-00347820-00348250 oh my gosh! It's already noon. That went by so fast. I guess we don't have any more time
VwexW6lej58-00681-00348250-00348710 for questions. Oh, I'm so sorry, because this is really great, great, great stuff.
VwexW6lej58-00682-00348720-00348880 Wow, that's never happen to me before.
VwexW6lej58-00683-00348880-00349410 So I'm going to wrap up this webinar and let you all know that the discussion continues
VwexW6lej58-00684-00349410-00349900 on our community forum. So please show up there. Ask your question.
VwexW6lej58-00685-00349910-00350150 We've got lots of volunteers answering questions.
VwexW6lej58-00686-00350150-00350630 There's more on TechSoup than just webinars. We've got donated software, articles,
VwexW6lej58-00687-00350630-00351080 our community forum, and we post upcoming events. So check out TechSoup.org.
VwexW6lej58-00688-00351080-00351630 In 2 weeks we've got 10 Social Media Tips and Secrets with Heather Mansfield
VwexW6lej58-00689-00351640-00352200 who's a really well known webinar presenter, so be sure to make it out for that webinar.
VwexW6lej58-00690-00352200-00352610 And we would like to thank ReadyTalk. This webinar was made possible by ReadyTalk
VwexW6lej58-00691-00352610-00353010 which has donated the use of their system to help TechSoup expand awareness of technology
VwexW6lej58-00692-00353020-00353490 throughout the nonprofit sector. ReadyTalk helps nonprofits and libraries in the US and Canada
VwexW6lej58-00693-00353490-00353760 reach geographically dispersed areas and increase collaboration
VwexW6lej58-00694-00353770-00354090 through their audio conferencing and web conferencing services.
VwexW6lej58-00695-00354090-00354640 So thanks again everyone for participating, and Becky and Stephanie for helping on the chat,
VwexW6lej58-00696-00354640-00355020 and of course, Dean for such a great and informational presentation
VwexW6lej58-00697-00355020-00355490 with lots of great questions and answers. So thanks again Dean.
VwexW6lej58-00698-00355490-00355870 Dean: Thank you Kami, and thank you everybody that participated. Great questions.
VwexW6lej58-00699-00355880-00356220 Kami: Awesome. Have a wonderful day. And we'll see you again at another TechSoup Talks.
VwexW6lej58-00700-00356220-00356340 Bye-bye.
VwexW6lej58-00701-00356350-00356650 Dean: Bye-bye.
VxxYsm1nEII-00000-00000614-00001104 This week, global elites met at the World Economic Forum in Davos where discussion on
VxxYsm1nEII-00001-00001104-00001317 crypto featured the usual FUD.
VxxYsm1nEII-00002-00001317-00001892 Two high profile guests were absent from Davos, namely the U.S president and the U.K prime minister:
VxxYsm1nEII-00003-00001892-00002316 Donald Trump because of the government shutdown, and Theresa May because of Brexit.
VxxYsm1nEII-00004-00002316-00002760 On the surface, Brexit and funding a border fence may seem unrelated, but if you look
VxxYsm1nEII-00005-00002760-00003189 underneath, they are rooted in growing discontent with the elites of the world spurring a wave
VxxYsm1nEII-00006-00003189-00003546 of populism that has spread to Hungary, Italy and even Brazil.
VxxYsm1nEII-00007-00003546-00003971 While various world leaders and economists were happy to dismiss crypto and question
VxxYsm1nEII-00008-00003971-00004522 its existence, in fact it was the very existence of the World Economic Forum that became front
VxxYsm1nEII-00009-00004522-00004658 and center of the discussion
VxxYsm1nEII-00010-00004658-00004907 After a Bloomberg panel show went viral.
VxxYsm1nEII-00011-00004907-00005421 Davos is a family reunion of the people, who broke the world.
VxxYsm1nEII-00012-00005421-00005910 The world we live in, that you cover, has worked for a narrow slice of people.
VxxYsm1nEII-00013-00005910-00006312 Tony Blair and Bill Gates were asked to respond but were clearly caught off guard.
VxxYsm1nEII-00014-00006312-00007178 People think, you know, communism works better or something, I don't know.
VxxYsm1nEII-00015-00007178-00007753 Pavel Durov, who has attended Davos in the past, might be launching TON very soon.
VxxYsm1nEII-00016-00007753-00008293 Sources close to the Telegram CEO revealed to Cointelegraph that, following the $1.7
VxxYsm1nEII-00017-00008293-00008838 billion ICO last year, the mainnet and token for its blockchain-based TON platform could
VxxYsm1nEII-00018-00008838-00009042 be launched as early as March this year.
VxxYsm1nEII-00019-00009042-00009579 In Venezuela, the future of the Petro is in doubt and the country in turmoil, as the U.S
VxxYsm1nEII-00020-00009579-00010029 formally recognized the opposition leader as president after a semi-coup took place,
VxxYsm1nEII-00021-00010029-00010400 whereas Russia and other allies are continuing to stand by Maduro.
VxxYsm1nEII-00022-00010400-00010972 Also this week, McAfee is on the run, a Wyoming crypto bill, and the Bank of International Settlements
VxxYsm1nEII-00023-00010972-00011204 says Bitcoin must depart from proof-of-work.
VxxYsm1nEII-00024-00011204-00011550 Ladies and gentlemen, I’m Molly Jane, and this is your weekly Hodler’s Digest.
VxxYsm1nEII-00025-00011666-00012058 Although the crypto market was relatively stable this week, let’s still have a quick
VxxYsm1nEII-00026-00012064-00012224 look at its weekly performance.
VxxYsm1nEII-00027-00014252-00014831 Ahead of Davos, Adena Friedman, the president and CEO of Nasdaq, posted online that crypto
VxxYsm1nEII-00028-00014832-00015319 “deserves an opportunity to find a sustainable future in our economy” and called
VxxYsm1nEII-00029-00015319-00015706 “the invention itself a tremendous demonstration of genius and creativity,”
VxxYsm1nEII-00030-00015706-00016234 For her, the crypto winter is just another example of the “classic invention life cycle”
VxxYsm1nEII-00031-00016234-00016665 from its inception to a period of hype, the proliferation of new market entrants, and
VxxYsm1nEII-00032-00016665-00016848 then “a dose of reality.”
VxxYsm1nEII-00033-00016848-00017206 Once in Davos, the conversation turned much more negative.
VxxYsm1nEII-00034-00017206-00017588 The crypto industry was represented this year, albeit less so.
VxxYsm1nEII-00035-00017588-00018029 There was some talk of Bitcoin going to zero with the regular platitudes toward blockchain.
VxxYsm1nEII-00036-00018029-00018515 Kenneth Rogoff was there with his usual FUD, in a panel discussion he again called crypto
VxxYsm1nEII-00037-00018515-00018934 a bubble and assured everyone there that there was zero chance of crypto overtaking fiat.
VxxYsm1nEII-00038-00018934-00019240 On the bubble aspect, yes, it's absolutely classic.
VxxYsm1nEII-00039-00019240-00020264 I think the possibility of a cryptocurrency taking over for fiat money, dollar, pounds,
VxxYsm1nEII-00040-00020264-00020490 whatever, is basically zero.
VxxYsm1nEII-00041-00020490-00020810 But I want to say, I don't think it's worthless.
VxxYsm1nEII-00042-00020810-00021065 So, there are economists: "zero, it's absolute zero".
VxxYsm1nEII-00043-00021065-00021518 The US has set financial sanctions, heavy financial sanctions on 12 countries include
VxxYsm1nEII-00044-00021518-00021762 Russia, Iran, North Korea, many others.
VxxYsm1nEII-00045-00021762-00022240 They don't necessarily have an incentive to play ball here with everybody else.
VxxYsm1nEII-00046-00022240-00022440 And so we could see a home there.
VxxYsm1nEII-00047-00022440-00023156 I think if you take the crypto out of cryptocurrency, so that you can do anonymous transactions,
VxxYsm1nEII-00048-00023156-00023562 there's just no value added, compared to fiat money.
VxxYsm1nEII-00049-00023562-00024118 Under the current system, yes, if we had Venezuelan inflation everywhere in the world it would
VxxYsm1nEII-00050-00024118-00024218 look very attractive.
VxxYsm1nEII-00051-00024218-00024756 He did, however, reveal that he once advised his then 13-year-old daughter to sell 24 Bitcoins
VxxYsm1nEII-00052-00024756-00024981 for a $60 Amazon voucher.
VxxYsm1nEII-00053-00024981-00025652 In 2012, my daughter, who was just a little over, maybe she was 13 at the time, somehow
VxxYsm1nEII-00054-00025652-00026054 mined 24 bitcoin and she owned them.
VxxYsm1nEII-00055-00026054-00026261 And she said: "Daddy, what should I do?
VxxYsm1nEII-00056-00026261-00026633 Somebody has offered me a 60 dollar Amazon gift card for them."
VxxYsm1nEII-00057-00026633-00026869 And I told her to sell.
VxxYsm1nEII-00058-00026869-00027518 I'd like to have told her, I told her to sell in the end of 2017, but I didn't.
VxxYsm1nEII-00059-00027518-00028124 Jeremy Allaire, one of the founders of Circle, was also on the panel, hit back at Rogoff’s comments:
VxxYsm1nEII-00060-00028124-00028579 The biggest issue we have with financial crime and with sanctions is with the US dollar.
VxxYsm1nEII-00061-00028579-00029167 It's a 2 trillion dollar criminal market in US dollars it is by far the preferred choice
VxxYsm1nEII-00062-00029167-00029594 of criminals, of sanctioned countries, of everybody.
VxxYsm1nEII-00063-00029594-00030383 And in fact the central bank of the US prints, literally, 360 billion physical dollar notes,
VxxYsm1nEII-00064-00030383-00030700 half of which are hundred dollar bills, that are sent overseas.
VxxYsm1nEII-00065-00030700-00031158 I wonder who is demanding those, those central bank dollars.
VxxYsm1nEII-00066-00031158-00031754 That crypto is still too small and that the big guns are focused on the money, that the
VxxYsm1nEII-00067-00031754-00032267 Fed is giving out to countries around the world, and that's where the real problem is.
VxxYsm1nEII-00068-00032268-00032860 People they really struggle with the idea, that money is going to work the way that the Internet works.
VxxYsm1nEII-00069-00032860-00033452 Elsewhere in Davos, Jamie Dimon sat down with CNBC to express the fact that he takes no joy
VxxYsm1nEII-00070-00033452-00033976 in Bitcoin losing 80% of its value, despite his previously negative comments about the top crypto.
VxxYsm1nEII-00071-00033976-00034400 Did you take any satisfaction, when bitcoin dropped 80 percent or no?
VxxYsm1nEII-00072-00034400-00034468 No.
VxxYsm1nEII-00073-00034470-00034722 I think bitcoin is better than marijuana, isn't it, Jamie?
VxxYsm1nEII-00074-00034722-00034881 It is but we are not banking pot either.
VxxYsm1nEII-00075-00034881-00035352 Dimon added that he believes that blockchain is the future for some industries, just not all of them.
VxxYsm1nEII-00076-00035352-00035580 And it may be usable for certain things and not for others.
VxxYsm1nEII-00077-00035580-00036013 It does cost more to maintain to process a transaction, so it's like for equity trades
VxxYsm1nEII-00078-00036013-00036441 it requests 2 cents to process a block trade and equity trade costs you a penny.
VxxYsm1nEII-00079-00036441-00036577 You aren't going to use it for that.
VxxYsm1nEII-00080-00036577-00037036 With populism growing across the world, the global elites might be worried they’re losing power
VxxYsm1nEII-00081-00037036-00037472 So we have a bright future ahead of us--where Bitcoin survives and Davos dies.
VxxYsm1nEII-00082-00037556-00038007 Bithumb, the world’s second-largest crypto exchange by trading volume, is planning to
VxxYsm1nEII-00083-00038007-00038347 go public in the U.S. by means of a reverse merger.
VxxYsm1nEII-00084-00038347-00038806 Also known as a reverse initial public offering, the term indicates that a private company
VxxYsm1nEII-00085-00038806-00039251 will acquire a publicly listed company in order to bypass the often lengthy process
VxxYsm1nEII-00086-00039251-00039413 of conducting an IPO.
VxxYsm1nEII-00087-00039413-00039916 In this case, Singapore-based Bithumb’s holding company signed a legally binding document
VxxYsm1nEII-00088-00039916-00040399 in which it states the intention to acquire the already public company Blockchain Industries.
VxxYsm1nEII-00089-00040399-00040841 The combination of the two companies will be known as Blockchain Exchange Alliance and
VxxYsm1nEII-00090-00040841-00041174 it will be the first publicly traded crypto exchange in the U.S.
VxxYsm1nEII-00091-00041174-00041548 The move will help Bithumb in expanding its operations in North America.
VxxYsm1nEII-00092-00041548-00042058 The CEO at Blockchain Industries, Patrick Moynihan, said that the deal will bring “liquidity,
VxxYsm1nEII-00093-00042058-00042271 solidity and expansion” to the crypto industry.
VxxYsm1nEII-00094-00042271-00042790 Bithumb is not the only company that opted for a reverse merger as a backdoor to go public.
VxxYsm1nEII-00095-00042790-00043323 Also this week, OKC Holding group, the parent company of crypto exchange OKCoin, bought
VxxYsm1nEII-00096-00043323-00043800 a controlling share in a Hong Kong publicly listed company, becoming potentially eligible
VxxYsm1nEII-00097-00043800-00044055 to be listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
VxxYsm1nEII-00098-00044055-00044594 Last year, Mike Novogratz used the same method to get his crypto-centerded merchant bank
VxxYsm1nEII-00099-00044594-00044924 Galaxy Digital listed on a Canadian securities market.
VxxYsm1nEII-00100-00044974-00045468 Bitcoin will have eventually to abandon the proof-of-work system, says a recent study
VxxYsm1nEII-00101-00045468-00045937 published by the Bank of International Settlements, which deemed the current PoW system intrinsically
VxxYsm1nEII-00102-00045937-00046037 unsustainable.
VxxYsm1nEII-00103-00046037-00046513 Proof-of-work, the protocol used to confirm transactions on Bitcoin’s blockchain, is
VxxYsm1nEII-00104-00046513-00046741 inherently expensive, the study says.
VxxYsm1nEII-00105-00046741-00047217 High transactions fees are required as a means to guarantee the network's security and, as
VxxYsm1nEII-00106-00047217-00047676 the number of minable Bitcoin will increasingly diminish, transaction fees will not be enough
VxxYsm1nEII-00107-00047676-00047879 to sustain mining expenses.
VxxYsm1nEII-00108-00047879-00048367 As a consequence, the whole network will eventually slow down and become unusable.
VxxYsm1nEII-00109-00048367-00048482 The authors note:
VxxYsm1nEII-00110-00048482-00049033 “Simple calculations suggest that once block rewards are zero, it could take months before
VxxYsm1nEII-00111-00049033-00049515 a Bitcoin payment is final, unless new technologies are deployed to speed up payment finality.”
VxxYsm1nEII-00112-00049515-00049941 Despite the development of second-layer solutions such as the Lightning Network, which could
VxxYsm1nEII-00113-00049941-00050368 help in speeding up transactions, the paper writes that they don’t represent a viable
VxxYsm1nEII-00114-00050368-00050537 solution for the long term.
VxxYsm1nEII-00115-00050537-00051011 The only fundamental solution, the paper says, would be switching to another form of consensus
VxxYsm1nEII-00116-00051011-00051571 mechanism, which “will probably require some form of social coordination and institutionalization.”
VxxYsm1nEII-00117-00051571-00052015 The Bank of International Settlements has been critical of crypto in the past, and a
VxxYsm1nEII-00118-00052015-00052505 recommendation for a higher degree of institutional oversights over digital assets does not come
VxxYsm1nEII-00119-00052505-00052604 as a surprise.
VxxYsm1nEII-00120-00052678-00053255 John McAfee was running on a pro-crypto platform and now he’s literally running away.
VxxYsm1nEII-00121-00053259-00053778 On Tuesday, he claimed to be fleeing the U.S, but his actual whereabouts are never confirmed
VxxYsm1nEII-00122-00053778-00054047 and he does have a flair for victimhood and theater.
VxxYsm1nEII-00123-00054047-00054324 His alleged flight came after he was indicted by the IRS.
VxxYsm1nEII-00124-00054324-00054840 But don’t worry, if you are tired of Trump or don’t believe in Biden, his presidential
VxxYsm1nEII-00125-00054840-00055115 campaign will continue from his boat.
VxxYsm1nEII-00126-00055116-00055504 He recorded his current escapades on Twitter for the world to see, here is the best of it:
VxxYsm1nEII-00127-00055548-00055760 Good evening, ladies and gentlemen.
VxxYsm1nEII-00128-00055761-00056309 You're probably wondering how I'm going to manage my presidential campaign from a boat.
VxxYsm1nEII-00129-00056309-00056800 I have with me on this little speaker my campaign manager Rob Loggia in New York.
VxxYsm1nEII-00130-00056800-00057113 So what's actually happening here, people.
VxxYsm1nEII-00131-00057113-00057835 Every so often and very rarely a clash of old and new cultures.
VxxYsm1nEII-00132-00057836-00058440 Brought about by technology changes, civilization.
VxxYsm1nEII-00133-00058440-00059048 Cryptocurrencies is one of these technologies and, probably, the most traumatic to have
VxxYsm1nEII-00134-00059048-00059504 occurred in human history since the invention of fire.
VxxYsm1nEII-00135-00059600-00059944 A new crypto-friendly bill was introduced last week in Wyoming.
VxxYsm1nEII-00136-00059946-00060410 If approved, Wyoming will become the first U.S. state allowing local banks to provide
VxxYsm1nEII-00137-00060410-00060971 custodial services for digital assets, in the same way they do for mainstream securities.
VxxYsm1nEII-00138-00060971-00061472 Also, digital assets will be classified as one of the following: securities, assets or
VxxYsm1nEII-00139-00061472-00061882 currency, thus enhancing the clarity of cryptocurrency’s status in Wyoming.
VxxYsm1nEII-00140-00061882-00062457 In an interview with Forbes, Wyoming Senator and proponent of the bill Tara Nethercott said:
VxxYsm1nEII-00141-00062457-00062915 “The time is now to provide the pathway for blockchain and cryptocurrencies, and Wyoming
VxxYsm1nEII-00142-00062915-00063404 has the nimbleness and responsiveness to the needs of these industries to respond accordingly
VxxYsm1nEII-00143-00063404-00063708 to the growing and adapting landscapes of cryptocurrency.”
VxxYsm1nEII-00144-00063708-00064188 According to Caitlin Long, co-founder of the Wyoming Cryptocurrency Coalition, the introduction
VxxYsm1nEII-00145-00064190-00064627 of the bill is an important step towards Wyoming becoming a sandbox for the crypto industry.
VxxYsm1nEII-00146-00064627-00064909 We reached out to Caitlin and asked her to comment on the issue.
VxxYsm1nEII-00147-00064909-00065307 What we're hoping is that the industry migrates here.
VxxYsm1nEII-00148-00065308-00066176 It's got the by far the best laws and that's exactly what the intent is, that folks come here.
VxxYsm1nEII-00149-00066176-00066543 So the institutional piece of that is just a small piece of it.
VxxYsm1nEII-00150-00066543-00067073 I think a lot of folks seemingly this week were really surprised to learn that there
VxxYsm1nEII-00151-00067073-00067734 is a very active lending market, for Bitcoin especially, but all virtual currencies.
VxxYsm1nEII-00152-00067734-00068072 And of course that's not happening on the blockchain.
VxxYsm1nEII-00153-00068072-00068571 So that's all happening in traditional centralized databases.
VxxYsm1nEII-00154-00068571-00069259 There are a number of startups in this field and every one of them is taking a lot of legal risk.
VxxYsm1nEII-00155-00069259-00069806 So what we're aiming to do is just by clarifying the legal status of the assets.
VxxYsm1nEII-00156-00069806-00070384 It gives them less legal risk and they're more likely to come to Wyoming as a result.
VxxYsm1nEII-00157-00070384-00071000 Probably the most meaningful impact of all of that is that virtual currencies get the
VxxYsm1nEII-00158-00071000-00071294 same transferability rules as money.
VxxYsm1nEII-00159-00071294-00071757 So there were some folks who picked up and said: “wait a minute, virtual currencies are money”.
VxxYsm1nEII-00160-00071757-00071961 Technically no, that's not the case of the States.
VxxYsm1nEII-00161-00071961-00072383 The States, In the United States cannot determine what a legal tender is in the United States.
VxxYsm1nEII-00162-00072383-00072633 By Constitution we can't do that in the States.
VxxYsm1nEII-00163-00072633-00073111 But what we can do is apply the same transferability rules as money.
VxxYsm1nEII-00164-00073111-00073579 And so that's a big deal because no other State has done that.
VxxYsm1nEII-00165-00073580-00074360 And what it means is, it improves the negotiability of Bitcoin and other virtual currencies as assets.
VxxYsm1nEII-00166-00074360-00074491 You may be wondering, “what the heck is this?
VxxYsm1nEII-00167-00074491-00074647 Not your keys, not your coins.
VxxYsm1nEII-00168-00074647-00074971 Why would anyone ever want to custody their coins in an institution?
VxxYsm1nEII-00169-00074971-00075261 We are trying to get away from institutions”.
VxxYsm1nEII-00170-00075261-00075402 And the answer is, of course yes.
VxxYsm1nEII-00171-00075402-00076096 As an individual, you should never hold your Bitcoins or crypto currencies on any exchange
VxxYsm1nEII-00172-00076096-00076372 or institution longer than you have to.
VxxYsm1nEII-00173-00076372-00077084 The challenge is that institutional investors by law in most countries, not just the United States,
VxxYsm1nEII-00174-00077084-00077409 are not allowed to self custody their assets.
VxxYsm1nEII-00175-00077409-00077935 And so until we can actually change those rules, what's going to happen is, as institutional
VxxYsm1nEII-00176-00077935-00078300 investors come into this industry, they're going to have to have custodians.
VxxYsm1nEII-00177-00078300-00078783 Therefore, given that custody is going to form in this industry, how can we do it in
VxxYsm1nEII-00178-00078784-00079352 a way that that keeps with the ethos of the industry and the peer to peer nature of the technology?
VxxYsm1nEII-00179-00079352-00079536 That's what Wyoming's aiming for.
VxxYsm1nEII-00180-00079624-00079992 What do you guys think about Davos, should it be canceled next year?
VxxYsm1nEII-00181-00079992-00080274 Have the global elites really destroyed the world?
VxxYsm1nEII-00182-00080274-00080374 Comment below.
VxxYsm1nEII-00183-00080374-00080672 And, as always, remember to like, subscribe and hodl!
VyXC3Y0WI10-00000-00000019-00000515 A Dalmatian’s white coat with black spots makes it immediately recognizable.
VyXC3Y0WI10-00001-00000515-00000965 This breed is known for its sensitive temperament and high energy level.
VyXC3Y0WI10-00002-00000965-00001258 These dogs are categorized as medium size dogs.
VyXC3Y0WI10-00003-00001258-00001944 Males can grow to be 23 inches tall at the shoulder while females grow as tall as 22
VyXC3Y0WI10-00004-00001944-00002051 inches.
VyXC3Y0WI10-00005-00002051-00002452 Both males and females weigh 60 pounds fully grown.
VyXC3Y0WI10-00006-00002452-00002874 At seven weeks old, puppies weigh around 12 pounds.
VyXC3Y0WI10-00007-00002874-00003093 They are fully grown at 16 months.
V-doN1fXJw0-00000-00000948-00001255 This research results from the cooperation
V-doN1fXJw0-00001-00001267-00001539 of the Institute of Vertebrate Biology
V-doN1fXJw0-00002-00001551-00001915 and the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna.
V-doN1fXJw0-00003-00002155-00002735 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a part of non-nuclear genetic information.
V-doN1fXJw0-00004-00002747-00003009 It is inherited only maternally.
V-doN1fXJw0-00005-00003021-00003521 The presence of two different types of mtDNA in mitochondria
V-doN1fXJw0-00006-00003533-00003720 is called heteroplasmy.
V-doN1fXJw0-00007-00003732-00004154 Each cell can have a different ratio of mitochondria
V-doN1fXJw0-00008-00004166-00004459 with either mutated or normal mtDNA.
V-doN1fXJw0-00009-00004551-00005222 Inheriting mutated mtDNA causes fatal and incurable illnesses.
V-doN1fXJw0-00010-00005234-00005779 Women with the mitochondrial disease could give birth to healthy children
V-doN1fXJw0-00011-00005791-00006079 with the help of assisted reproduction.
V-doN1fXJw0-00012-00006091-00006714 An egg nucleus with genetics information of the affected woman would have to be
V-doN1fXJw0-00013-00006726-00007240 transferred to a nucleus-free egg with healthy mitochondrial DNA.
V-doN1fXJw0-00014-00007252-00007772 This way, however, a small amount of mutated mtDNA
V-doN1fXJw0-00015-00007784-00008209 enters the egg together with the nucleus.
V-doN1fXJw0-00016-00008221-00008669 It used to be thought until recently that this mutated mtDNA
V-doN1fXJw0-00017-00008681-00008918 did not influence the organism.
V-doN1fXJw0-00018-00008930-00009344 Our research shows that this assumption does not hold.
V-doN1fXJw0-00019-00009356-00009896 It depends on the genetic distance between types of mitochondrial DNA. 
V-doN1fXJw0-00020-00009908-00010584 The bigger genetic distance means the higher probability of mitochondrial disorders.
V-doN1fXJw0-00021-00010797-00011175 Our research brings practical recommendations
V-doN1fXJw0-00022-00011187-00011497 for assisted reproduction techniques.
V-doN1fXJw0-00023-00011509-00012163 Primarily, an egg donor with similar mtDNA needs to be chosen.
V-doN1fXJw0-00024-00012175-00012660 It should prevent mitochondrial disorders in the children.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00000-00002445-00002746 What we're really trying to do is focus our army
V_Ey6LNkId0-00001-00002746-00003146 on how do you train to sustain readiness
V_Ey6LNkId0-00002-00003146-00003489 with an ethos of fight tonight when you're back
V_Ey6LNkId0-00003-00003489-00003833 in home station when you don't necessarily
V_Ey6LNkId0-00004-00003833-00004100 know when your next deployment is.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00005-00004100-00004401 What we've tried to encourage our senior commanders to do
V_Ey6LNkId0-00006-00004401-00004942 is talk to our junior leaders about how the Army came out
V_Ey6LNkId0-00007-00004942-00005418 of Operation Desert Storm, reduced 100,000 soldiers
V_Ey6LNkId0-00008-00005418-00005797 in a single year, and over the next decade,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00009-00005797-00006134 with a prioritized focus on training and leader
V_Ey6LNkId0-00010-00006134-00006588 development, developed the finest land power that history
V_Ey6LNkId0-00011-00006588-00007086 has probably ever seen that went to war in 2002 and 2003.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00012-00007086-00007393 That decade of focus is the same focus
V_Ey6LNkId0-00013-00007393-00007886 we will apply as we go through this transitional period we're
V_Ey6LNkId0-00014-00007886-00008386 in now to ensure that the army that we have is as ready as it
V_Ey6LNkId0-00015-00008386-00008784 can be and it's led by agile and adaptive leaders who
V_Ey6LNkId0-00016-00008784-00009043 do innovative, who do have the muscle
V_Ey6LNkId0-00017-00009043-00009419 memory of the experiences of this past 12 years of war,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00018-00009419-00009759 and apply those in the training environment each and every day
V_Ey6LNkId0-00019-00009759-00009868 at home station.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00020-00009868-00010263 Leader development is high on the list of Army priorities.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00021-00010263-00010401 How do you define leaders?
V_Ey6LNkId0-00022-00010401-00010680 Well, I think the well understood
V_Ey6LNkId0-00023-00010680-00011107 fact is leadership is an asymmetric advantage
V_Ey6LNkId0-00024-00011107-00011584 that the United States Army has at its disposal.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00025-00011584-00011958 And it has been showcased each and every day
V_Ey6LNkId0-00026-00011958-00012158 in the environments that we operate
V_Ey6LNkId0-00027-00012158-00012382 in supporting our combatant commanders.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00028-00012382-00012696 We have agile and adaptive leaders,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00029-00012696-00013102 and we've got to continue to focus on their development,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00030-00013102-00013587 to coach and mentor them as we move forward.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00031-00013587-00013813 What gives me great confidence in this period
V_Ey6LNkId0-00032-00013813-00014116 of unprecedented transition as we
V_Ey6LNkId0-00033-00014116-00014725 get smaller as an army is we have the deepest, widest
V_Ey6LNkId0-00034-00014725-00015019 bench of combat experience leaders
V_Ey6LNkId0-00035-00015019-00015204 we've ever had in our army.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00036-00015204-00015405 And they're exceptional leaders.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00037-00015405-00015665 They will help us lead this army through this period
V_Ey6LNkId0-00038-00015665-00016116 of transition as long as we continue to develop them,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00039-00016116-00016532 invest in them, and enable them through mission command
V_Ey6LNkId0-00040-00016532-00016907 to lead their areas of responsibility
V_Ey6LNkId0-00041-00016907-00017214 with the right resources, the right guidance,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00042-00017214-00017454 and really the right left and right limits
V_Ey6LNkId0-00043-00017454-00017775 to be able to fulfill the great potential that they have.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00044-00017775-00018124 US Army Forces Command is tasked with making sure
V_Ey6LNkId0-00045-00018124-00018631 that some 750,000 soldiers are ready to respond
V_Ey6LNkId0-00046-00018631-00018839 to whatever mission comes their way.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00047-00018839-00019126 And as we look at today's world, those missions
V_Ey6LNkId0-00048-00019126-00019262 are constantly changing.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00049-00019262-00019501 So how do you make sure they're ready for whatever?
V_Ey6LNkId0-00050-00019501-00019551 Yeah.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00051-00019551-00019794 I think the Chief of Staff of the Army
V_Ey6LNkId0-00052-00019794-00019972 clearly articulates how uncertain
V_Ey6LNkId0-00053-00019972-00020373 the environment that we're facing.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00054-00020373-00020793 The good news as you saw at the National Training Center,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00055-00020793-00021084 we adapt the training environment
V_Ey6LNkId0-00056-00021084-00021436 that our units experience at the combat training
V_Ey6LNkId0-00057-00021436-00021708 centers literally on a monthly basis
V_Ey6LNkId0-00058-00021708-00021983 to ensure that not only does it reflect
V_Ey6LNkId0-00059-00021983-00022243 the realities of the world that we see,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00060-00022243-00022552 it also projects forward to what we
V_Ey6LNkId0-00061-00022552-00022854 think we'll have to face in the future.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00062-00022854-00023432 Sometimes that means applying the regional and cultural
V_Ey6LNkId0-00063-00023432-00023759 adaptation of the environment that they regionally
V_Ey6LNkId0-00064-00023759-00023921 aligned against.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00065-00023921-00024232 Sometimes that means adding a nuance
V_Ey6LNkId0-00066-00024232-00024465 to the threat environment that reflects
V_Ey6LNkId0-00067-00024465-00024904 a very prescient and emerging tactic
V_Ey6LNkId0-00068-00024904-00025218 that the enemy may be using in an area of operation
V_Ey6LNkId0-00069-00025218-00025389 we may have to employ to.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00070-00025389-00025747 And I think that adaptive nature that we have with our combat
V_Ey6LNkId0-00071-00025747-00026114 training centers enables units to prepare
V_Ey6LNkId0-00072-00026114-00026406 for that at home station and then come in and test
V_Ey6LNkId0-00073-00026406-00026508 themselves.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00074-00026508-00026731 And I think the goal of every commander
V_Ey6LNkId0-00075-00026731-00027164 is to ensure that if he's called to deploy in support
V_Ey6LNkId0-00076-00027164-00027514 of a mission that the nation has given them that they have
V_Ey6LNkId0-00077-00027514-00027772 prepared that formation for everything
V_Ey6LNkId0-00078-00027772-00027936 they might have to face.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00079-00027936-00028238 And that's what we try to do at our combat training centers.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00080-00028238-00028776 And I think we've been very, very adaptive and flexible
V_Ey6LNkId0-00081-00028776-00028962 in the ways that we do that.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00082-00028962-00029373 And the beauty of this position, you
V_Ey6LNkId0-00083-00029373-00029947 get to watch our junior leaders at the platoon, company, troop,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00084-00029947-00030270 battalion, and brigade level test themselves
V_Ey6LNkId0-00085-00030270-00030706 against this very realistic and challenging scenario.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00086-00030706-00031054 I'm incredibly encouraged at the innovativeness
V_Ey6LNkId0-00087-00031054-00031457 and how quickly they can adapt to overcome
V_Ey6LNkId0-00088-00031457-00031638 the adversity that they face.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00089-00031638-00031825 As we speak today, you are preparing
V_Ey6LNkId0-00090-00031825-00032162 to become the 35th Vice Chief of Staff,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00091-00032162-00032383 the Army's second in command.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00092-00032383-00032643 That gives you oversight of a million soldiers,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00093-00032643-00032928 their families, a civilian workforce.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00094-00032928-00033266 As you look back at all of your experiences in your career,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00095-00033266-00033462 what will you take with you that's
V_Ey6LNkId0-00096-00033462-00033823 going to help you accomplish this job?
V_Ey6LNkId0-00097-00033823-00034023 Well, I think first and foremost you never
V_Ey6LNkId0-00098-00034023-00034240 forget where you have come from.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00099-00034240-00034624 And I've been blessed to serve with great leaders,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00100-00034624-00034995 great organizations, and a great Army that
V_Ey6LNkId0-00101-00034995-00035444 enables its soldiers to achieve their full potential.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00102-00035444-00035947 An environment of trust that is based on dignity and respect.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00103-00035947-00036377 And that environment is one that you
V_Ey6LNkId0-00104-00036377-00036603 try to create everywhere that you serve.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00105-00036603-00036985 And having been up to the Army staff
V_Ey6LNkId0-00106-00036985-00037433 on a fairly routine basis in my current position, the talent
V_Ey6LNkId0-00107-00037433-00037931 that we have across our Army staff both in the secretariat
V_Ey6LNkId0-00108-00037931-00038429 as well as within the uniformed staff is just extraordinary.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00109-00038429-00038597 In the upcoming months, the Army will
V_Ey6LNkId0-00110-00038597-00039114 be undergoing some dramatic changes-- size, equipment, pay.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00111-00039114-00039482 Well, I think our army has proven throughout its history
V_Ey6LNkId0-00112-00039482-00040068 to be extraordinarily resilient, extraordinarily adaptive,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00113-00040068-00040470 and we leverage the leadership of our organization
V_Ey6LNkId0-00114-00040470-00040759 to ensure that when we face tough decisions,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00115-00040759-00041189 we're basing those decisions on the right inputs
V_Ey6LNkId0-00116-00041189-00041584 from our subordinate commands with an appropriate focus
V_Ey6LNkId0-00117-00041584-00041881 on the future needs of our nation
V_Ey6LNkId0-00118-00041881-00042165 and what it requires of its army.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00119-00042165-00042520 And that will enable us to at least make informed decisions
V_Ey6LNkId0-00120-00042520-00042663 about what we need to do.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00121-00042663-00042843 Will they be tough decisions?
V_Ey6LNkId0-00122-00042843-00042995 Absolutely.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00123-00042995-00043544 But decisive leaders are pretty adept at making tough decisions
V_Ey6LNkId0-00124-00043544-00043855 when they leverage the input that the entire organization
V_Ey6LNkId0-00125-00043855-00043956 can bring to bear.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00126-00043956-00044127 You speak about combat readiness,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00127-00044127-00044341 and this is key to the Army.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00128-00044341-00044887 But as we face an environment where manpower and money will
V_Ey6LNkId0-00129-00044887-00045126 become even sparser than ever, how
V_Ey6LNkId0-00130-00045126-00045448 you go about maintaining combat readiness?
V_Ey6LNkId0-00131-00045448-00045805 Some of the practices that we've implemented,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00132-00045805-00046073 both with our Army Total Force Policy,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00133-00046073-00046597 efforts here at forces command, as well as our commitment
V_Ey6LNkId0-00134-00046597-00046968 to optimize every resource that we
V_Ey6LNkId0-00135-00046968-00047235 have to deliver maximum readiness,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00136-00047235-00047636 has been hugely helpful in ensuring
V_Ey6LNkId0-00137-00047636-00047850 that every dollar that we've given
V_Ey6LNkId0-00138-00047850-00048120 delivers the most readiness it can for the nation.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00139-00048120-00048606 We've significantly increased the integrated training
V_Ey6LNkId0-00140-00048606-00048902 approach that we have with all of our components for all
V_Ey6LNkId0-00141-00048902-00049149 of our major training exercises.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00142-00049149-00049551 What that has enabled us to do is increase the readiness
V_Ey6LNkId0-00143-00049551-00049892 of each of our units while spending less money.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00144-00049892-00050259 Because we're not contracting out for a capability
V_Ey6LNkId0-00145-00050259-00050659 that lies within our forestructure to deliver.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00146-00050659-00050945 That has become more routine.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00147-00050945-00051350 It must continue to be routine as we go forward.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00148-00051350-00051642 And it really does enable us to get
V_Ey6LNkId0-00149-00051642-00051933 the most out of what we have.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00150-00051933-00052252 When we first entered sequestration,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00151-00052252-00052583 Chief of Staff of the Army was extraordinarily concerned
V_Ey6LNkId0-00152-00052583-00052938 about the uncertainty in the world that we face.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00153-00052938-00053262 The fact that the environment that we
V_Ey6LNkId0-00154-00053262-00053694 want as we reduce our force doesn't match the environment
V_Ey6LNkId0-00155-00053694-00053854 that we face.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00156-00053854-00054105 He developed the Army contingency force
V_Ey6LNkId0-00157-00054105-00054520 construct that enabled us to prioritize resources
V_Ey6LNkId0-00158-00054520-00054957 against a fairly finite number of units
V_Ey6LNkId0-00159-00054957-00055288 to ensure that if the call comes tonight,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00160-00055288-00055639 we have a force in being it is ready to go.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00161-00055639-00055804 That concept endures today.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00162-00055804-00056224 We've actually grown that capability almost twofold
V_Ey6LNkId0-00163-00056224-00056574 as money became available with the Balanced Budget Act.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00164-00056574-00057152 But the mindset that what we have has to deliver readiness
V_Ey6LNkId0-00165-00057152-00057347 for the flight we might face tonight
V_Ey6LNkId0-00166-00057347-00057734 is an ethos that we've really taken on board here,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00167-00057734-00057978 and I think our commanders in the field
V_Ey6LNkId0-00168-00057978-00058390 are absolutely focused on to ensure that we don't get
V_Ey6LNkId0-00169-00058390-00058634 surprised and it doesn't cost us lives
V_Ey6LNkId0-00170-00058634-00058795 as we enter the next conflict.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00171-00058795-00059032 As a senior Army leader, you are tasked
V_Ey6LNkId0-00172-00059032-00059612 with looking at the total Army with greater expectations.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00173-00059612-00059691 Like what?
V_Ey6LNkId0-00174-00059691-00059928 When we say total forces, actually active,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00175-00059928-00060040 guard, and reserve.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00176-00060040-00060213 It's the total Army.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00177-00060213-00060304 Right.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00178-00060304-00060599 We all wear this same uniform and over the heart,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00179-00060599-00060740 it says United States Army.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00180-00060740-00060964 And that is our total force.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00181-00060964-00061184 The training that we deliver, whether it's
V_Ey6LNkId0-00182-00061184-00061515 to an active soldier, a guard or a reserve soldier,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00183-00061515-00061788 is the highest quality, most realistic training
V_Ey6LNkId0-00184-00061788-00061920 that we can provide.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00185-00061920-00062204 I think you're aware that our first army, which
V_Ey6LNkId0-00186-00062204-00062545 is the organization within forces command
V_Ey6LNkId0-00187-00062545-00062937 that helps to focus and deliver that quality
V_Ey6LNkId0-00188-00062937-00063315 training to our reserve component units,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00189-00063315-00063805 has implemented a program called Bold Shift where
V_Ey6LNkId0-00190-00063805-00064141 the focus of their training, which for the last 13 years
V_Ey6LNkId0-00191-00064141-00064412 has been on post mobilization, they
V_Ey6LNkId0-00192-00064412-00064691 have now shifted their focus to pre-mobilization
V_Ey6LNkId0-00193-00064691-00065016 to enable the high quality training
V_Ey6LNkId0-00194-00065016-00065500 in a pre-mobilization posture so that we make the most
V_Ey6LNkId0-00195-00065500-00065780 out of the 39 days a year that our guard and reserve
V_Ey6LNkId0-00196-00065780-00066002 units have to train.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00197-00066002-00066377 That focus, that shift has truly enabled
V_Ey6LNkId0-00198-00066377-00066666 us to raise the realism, the challenge,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00199-00066666-00066910 and the effectiveness of the training.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00200-00066910-00067160 And it's also helped us better integrate
V_Ey6LNkId0-00201-00067160-00067504 for our major training events, which is, I think, high payoff.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00202-00067504-00067685 You make it sound pretty simple.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00203-00067685-00067863 It's anything but simple.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00204-00067863-00068363 But leaders at the strategic level have to take the complex
V_Ey6LNkId0-00205-00068363-00068742 and translate it into tasks and missions
V_Ey6LNkId0-00206-00068742-00069051 that our subordinate units can execute.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00207-00069051-00069290 We've implemented a partnership program
V_Ey6LNkId0-00208-00069290-00069691 that has enabled all of our reserve component units
V_Ey6LNkId0-00209-00069691-00070131 that have a counterpart capability and the active force
V_Ey6LNkId0-00210-00070131-00070598 to have a teammate with which to work, that are in most cases
V_Ey6LNkId0-00211-00070598-00071136 regionally closely aligned so that that training can happen
V_Ey6LNkId0-00212-00071136-00071424 on a fairly routine basis.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00213-00071424-00071834 To enable opportunities in the local area that
V_Ey6LNkId0-00214-00071834-00072020 don't have to wait for a combat training
V_Ey6LNkId0-00215-00072020-00072238 center to leverage the capabilities
V_Ey6LNkId0-00216-00072238-00072540 that each of our components bring to bear.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00217-00072540-00072777 Other issues being faced here at forces command
V_Ey6LNkId0-00218-00072777-00072997 and at the Pentagon are what I would
V_Ey6LNkId0-00219-00072997-00073519 call the human side of the Army-- suicides, PTSD, ethics.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00220-00073519-00073985 The Army profession is all about creating an environment
V_Ey6LNkId0-00221-00073985-00074442 where every soldier is treated with dignity and respect
V_Ey6LNkId0-00222-00074442-00075016 and has the recognition that this is the greatest
V_Ey6LNkId0-00223-00075016-00075283 profession in the world that will enable them
V_Ey6LNkId0-00224-00075283-00075497 to achieve their full potential.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00225-00075497-00075757 And then creating that environment of trust where
V_Ey6LNkId0-00226-00075757-00075939 that's a reality each and every day.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00227-00075939-00076124 And I've got that great confidence
V_Ey6LNkId0-00228-00076124-00076616 that that will remain a huge area of focus for us.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00229-00076616-00077152 We are implementing more clear focus across the board
V_Ey6LNkId0-00230-00077152-00077539 on our command climate, assessing that more routinely
V_Ey6LNkId0-00231-00077539-00077919 to provide that feedback to our commanders on how we're doing
V_Ey6LNkId0-00232-00077919-00078133 and where we need to improve.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00233-00078133-00078315 I think the dialogue that we have
V_Ey6LNkId0-00234-00078315-00078600 with our soldiers and their willingness
V_Ey6LNkId0-00235-00078600-00078840 to come forward and say, hey, this
V_Ey6LNkId0-00236-00078840-00078966 isn't where it needs to be.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00237-00078966-00079150 We need to focus on this.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00238-00079150-00079515 And our commanders very rapidly getting after those areas
V_Ey6LNkId0-00239-00079515-00079964 where we're fallen short is the strength of our army.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00240-00079964-00080233 At the end of the day, it's all about our people.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00241-00080233-00080639 Our people are our greatest resource.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00242-00080639-00080946 And we've made a huge investment in them.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00243-00080946-00081111 And we will continue to do so.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00244-00081111-00081445 As you know, September is suicide prevention month.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00245-00081445-00081793 And the message from the Army is resiliency-- resiliency
V_Ey6LNkId0-00246-00081793-00082044 is key, especially for combat veterans.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00247-00082044-00082283 Sir, you're a combat veteran many times over.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00248-00082283-00082474 Is resiliency enough?
V_Ey6LNkId0-00249-00082474-00082856 I think resiliency and strengthening the resilience
V_Ey6LNkId0-00250-00082856-00083275 of each and every soldier, family member, civilian that
V_Ey6LNkId0-00251-00083275-00083688 serves United States Army not only assists in how you deal
V_Ey6LNkId0-00252-00083688-00083939 with the adversity that inevitably each
V_Ey6LNkId0-00253-00083939-00084244 and every person faces as they go through life
V_Ey6LNkId0-00254-00084244-00084684 is a life skill that will make them stronger and better
V_Ey6LNkId0-00255-00084684-00084872 as a soldier for life.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00256-00084872-00085267 And so I'm absolutely convinced that anything
V_Ey6LNkId0-00257-00085267-00085668 that we can do to strengthen the resiliency of those who serve
V_Ey6LNkId0-00258-00085668-00085869 in the United States Army is going
V_Ey6LNkId0-00259-00085869-00086157 to help the nation concurrently.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00260-00086157-00086440 As our sold transition back to civilian life,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00261-00086440-00086708 as they continue to be ambassadors
V_Ey6LNkId0-00262-00086708-00087035 for this great profession, the United States Army,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00263-00087035-00087394 we don't have the same level of resiliency
V_Ey6LNkId0-00264-00087394-00087702 in every human being in America.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00265-00087702-00088038 And so that has to be adaptive enough
V_Ey6LNkId0-00266-00088038-00088535 to recognize where somebody's developmental skills are not
V_Ey6LNkId0-00267-00088535-00088746 where they need to be and to apply
V_Ey6LNkId0-00268-00088746-00089166 the great resources available to us to help rapidly strengthen
V_Ey6LNkId0-00269-00089166-00089390 that resilience as best we can.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00270-00089390-00089531 That really is the challenge.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00271-00089531-00089820 One size does not fit all.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00272-00089820-00090096 Every human being has different needs.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00273-00090096-00090470 And having that transparent dialogue between the first line
V_Ey6LNkId0-00274-00090470-00090700 leaders and the individual soldiers
V_Ey6LNkId0-00275-00090700-00091071 is a critical variable in ensuring
V_Ey6LNkId0-00276-00091071-00091261 that we have the engaged leadership
V_Ey6LNkId0-00277-00091261-00091665 that can help us work on this resiliency as we go forward.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00278-00091665-00092039 On the subject of strategy, regionally aligned forces--
V_Ey6LNkId0-00279-00092039-00092261 are they still part of the Army's future?
V_Ey6LNkId0-00280-00092261-00092524 Well, I think our army has proven over this past year
V_Ey6LNkId0-00281-00092524-00092868 that we truly are globally responsive and regionally
V_Ey6LNkId0-00282-00092868-00092976 engaged.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00283-00092976-00093235 The soldiers of the United States Army,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00284-00093235-00093613 operating often in very small teams of two,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00285-00093613-00094138 three, 10, 12 soldiers, led by agile and adaptive leaders
V_Ey6LNkId0-00286-00094138-00094358 have delivered tailored capabilities
V_Ey6LNkId0-00287-00094358-00094756 to our combatant commanders in an unprecedented way
V_Ey6LNkId0-00288-00094756-00095072 so far in 2014, in direct support
V_Ey6LNkId0-00289-00095072-00095580 of expanding the Chief's vision with regionally aligned forces.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00290-00095580-00095988 By the end of the third quarter of 2014,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00291-00095988-00096241 we had already delivered more capability
V_Ey6LNkId0-00292-00096241-00096680 to combatant commanders then we did throughout 2013.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00293-00096680-00096961 And that's despite the impact of sequestration
V_Ey6LNkId0-00294-00096961-00097111 on the front end of this year.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00295-00097111-00097387 We are making a huge difference.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00296-00097387-00097771 Our forces are available, accessible,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00297-00097771-00098004 and through our Army service component commanders,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00298-00098004-00098227 identifying the requirements that they
V_Ey6LNkId0-00299-00098227-00098484 have to support the combatant commanders' theater security
V_Ey6LNkId0-00300-00098484-00098945 cooperation plans, we have enabled the total force
V_Ey6LNkId0-00301-00098945-00099213 to contribute in ways that are incredibly
V_Ey6LNkId0-00302-00099213-00099503 relevant and important to our army's ability
V_Ey6LNkId0-00303-00099503-00099878 to help combat commanders shape and prevent the next conflict.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00304-00099878-00100073 Let's talk a little bit about Afghanistan.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00305-00100073-00100355 Afghanistan is winding down.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00306-00100355-00100586 What impact will that have on the Army?
V_Ey6LNkId0-00307-00100586-00100719 What's the ripple effect?
V_Ey6LNkId0-00308-00100719-00101015 We are at war in Afghanistan today.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00309-00101015-00101514 We have 30,000 plus soldiers serving in Afghanistan.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00310-00101514-00101870 And that will remain job one for us in the United States Army
V_Ey6LNkId0-00311-00101870-00102031 until we are mission complete.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00312-00102031-00102232 We will provide whatever capability
V_Ey6LNkId0-00313-00102232-00102519 that General Campbell needs to fulfill
V_Ey6LNkId0-00314-00102519-00102756 that mission that he has.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00315-00102756-00103147 So first and foremost, that is our commitment.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00316-00103147-00103493 That is our priority, and we will fulfill that mission.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00317-00103493-00103892 With trained and ready forces and with adaptive and agile
V_Ey6LNkId0-00318-00103892-00104340 leaders who will meet the complexities of drawing down
V_Ey6LNkId0-00319-00104340-00104639 in a very, very tough environment in the midst of all
V_Ey6LNkId0-00320-00104639-00104860 that is going on there in Afghanistan
V_Ey6LNkId0-00321-00104860-00105220 and the complexities of that political environment.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00322-00105220-00105559 What we have already seen as we've reduced our force
V_Ey6LNkId0-00323-00105559-00106019 posture in Afghanistan is we have more army forces
V_Ey6LNkId0-00324-00106019-00106343 available to support the needs of other combatant commanders
V_Ey6LNkId0-00325-00106343-00106432 around the globe.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00326-00106432-00106758 17,000 soldiers already have deployed
V_Ey6LNkId0-00327-00106758-00107071 in support of regionally aligned force missions,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00328-00107071-00107351 in support of all of our combatant commanders.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00329-00107351-00107628 And so it's pretty exciting.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00330-00107628-00107993 And the Chief's commitment is if a soldier doesn't haven't
V_Ey6LNkId0-00331-00107993-00108297 assigned mission, he will be regionally aligned
V_Ey6LNkId0-00332-00108297-00108561 against a combatant commanders requirement.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00333-00108561-00108783 And we're fulfilling that here each and every day
V_Ey6LNkId0-00334-00108783-00108916 in the United States Army.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00335-00108916-00109219 The Army of the future is going to be leaner,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00336-00109219-00109417 and some would say meaner.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00337-00109417-00109713 Fewer soldiers, newer equipment.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00338-00109713-00110215 Will this be enough to meet the nation's demands for combat?
V_Ey6LNkId0-00339-00110215-00110738 The Army will be the size that the senior leadership
V_Ey6LNkId0-00340-00110738-00111101 of the United States determine that it will be.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00341-00111101-00111328 Our mission is to ensure that whatever
V_Ey6LNkId0-00342-00111328-00111701 size that is, is trained and ready to respond
V_Ey6LNkId0-00343-00111701-00111963 to the demands of an uncertain environment.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00344-00111963-00112358 We will be incredibly focused over the next several years
V_Ey6LNkId0-00345-00112358-00112817 to ensure that we modernize, we equip,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00346-00112817-00113110 and we prepare our forces for the uncertainties
V_Ey6LNkId0-00347-00113110-00113229 that are out there.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00348-00113229-00113671 We're building toward force 2025 and beyond.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00349-00113671-00113978 We're developing and refining the Army operating concept
V_Ey6LNkId0-00350-00113978-00114209 to ensure we're on that path.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00351-00114209-00114622 And we'll be postured to fight tonight with the forces
V_Ey6LNkId0-00352-00114622-00114800 that we have to ensure that they're
V_Ey6LNkId0-00353-00114800-00115133 as equipped and ready as they can possibly be.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00354-00115133-00115444 Sir, you have said that your greatest asset are the people.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00355-00115444-00115989 As you prepare to step into the Vice Chief of Staff job,
V_Ey6LNkId0-00356-00115989-00116188 what message would you have the people know?
V_Ey6LNkId0-00357-00116188-00116722 We are absolutely committed to the care and development
V_Ey6LNkId0-00358-00116722-00117131 of every single person that serves in the United States
V_Ey6LNkId0-00359-00117131-00117505 Army in any role that you play.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00360-00117505-00117655 We're going to do everything that we
V_Ey6LNkId0-00361-00117655-00117970 can to enable you to achieve your full potential.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00362-00117970-00118391 We care about our members of the United States Army.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00363-00118391-00118571 We care about the profession.
V_Ey6LNkId0-00364-00118571-00118884 We're committed to ensuring that we deliver the greatest
V_Ey6LNkId0-00365-00118884-00119140 opportunity for you to excel.
VAm-2FCqnd8-00000-00000000-00000431 In this video we're gonna give you five tips for RV black tanks and we're
VAm-2FCqnd8-00001-00000431-00000704 starting right now!
VAm-2FCqnd8-00002-00001344-00001786 Hi and welcome back YouTube. My name is Aron with 3tailsRV.com if you want to
VAm-2FCqnd8-00003-00001786-00002149 see more RV related tips tricks DIY projects and other creative stuff then
VAm-2FCqnd8-00004-00002149-00002518 go ahead and hit that subscribe button in the bell notification icon right now
VAm-2FCqnd8-00005-00002518-00002859 so you don't miss out on anything and with that out of the way let's get
VAm-2FCqnd8-00006-00002859-00003394 started with today's topic.... While the term recreational vehicles
VAm-2FCqnd8-00007-00003394-00003858 Foster's dreams of hitting the open road seeking out new civilizations and does
VAm-2FCqnd8-00008-00003858-00004326 not always mean that we haven't boldly gone where we haven't gone before.. Having
VAm-2FCqnd8-00009-00004326-00004764 a stationary RV means special care for your blank takes and today we have a
VAm-2FCqnd8-00010-00004764-00005478 list of five that we'd like to share with you so let's get started don't
VAm-2FCqnd8-00011-00005478-00005857 leave the dump valve on your black water tank open when you're hooked up to a
VAm-2FCqnd8-00012-00005857-00006303 sewer connections at a campsite by allowing the water to drain away the
VAm-2FCqnd8-00013-00006303-00006795 toilet solids will accumulate in your tank in a very short period of time the
VAm-2FCqnd8-00014-00006795-00007264 tank will fill with the solid masses and the tank will not drain you will have a
VAm-2FCqnd8-00015-00007264-00007848 nasty project on your hands number two leave the drain on your valve
VAm-2FCqnd8-00016-00007848-00008329 closed until your tank is two-thirds full this will give the solids time to
VAm-2FCqnd8-00017-00008329-00008752 break down and the tank will move more easily empty completely when you do not
VAm-2FCqnd8-00018-00008752-00009354 have the valve open always shooters to proove chemicals in the black water tank
VAm-2FCqnd8-00019-00009354-00009811 they not only control the orders but they also help break down the toilet
VAm-2FCqnd8-00020-00009811-00010329 paper and solids by using special RV toilet paper or brands that are designed
VAm-2FCqnd8-00021-00010329-00010942 break down quickly you will be less likely to have problems and cloths since
VAm-2FCqnd8-00022-00010942-00011257 we're on the subject of our be black tanks I've recently uploaded a video on
VAm-2FCqnd8-00023-00011257-00011679 how to reduce the spells coming from your RV black tank in two simple steps
VAm-2FCqnd8-00024-00011679-00012129 and you can watch that right up
VAm-2FCqnd8-00025-00012129-00012809 number four now about those wonderful monitors that indicate the levels of
VAm-2FCqnd8-00026-00012809-00013226 your tanks a black water light will probably be accurate during the first
VAm-2FCqnd8-00027-00013226-00013648 couple outings as the toilets is used for the first few times it is likely
VAm-2FCqnd8-00028-00013648-00014119 that it will never be accurate again bits of toilet paper will hang on to the
VAm-2FCqnd8-00029-00014119-00014630 sensors in your tank giving you readings ranging from parsley or to completely
VAm-2FCqnd8-00030-00014630-00015458 full when you know darn well if the tank is empty number five if you remain
VAm-2FCqnd8-00031-00015458-00015806 stationary as a full-time harpy or is a good idea to clean your black water
VAm-2FCqnd8-00032-00015806-00016297 tanks every so often to eliminate any residual buildups of solids the easiest
VAm-2FCqnd8-00033-00016297-00016787 way is to stick a holding tank rinse one into the toilet and with as much water
VAm-2FCqnd8-00034-00016787-00017248 pressure available and spray into all of the corners and crevices of the tank as
VAm-2FCqnd8-00035-00017248-00017698 possible manna toilet drop straight into the black water tank making this chore
VAm-2FCqnd8-00036-00017698-00018254 easier and more effective quest of the day what are some other black tank tips
VAm-2FCqnd8-00037-00018254-00018641 that you have let us know in the comment section below and remember some of the
VAm-2FCqnd8-00038-00018641-00019070 coolest discoveries and ideas come from view the RV community so definitely
VAm-2FCqnd8-00039-00019070-00019700 connect with everyone in the comments section Lori and I would like to thank
VAm-2FCqnd8-00040-00019700-00020000 you for following along with us today and if you haven't already done so check
VAm-2FCqnd8-00041-00020000-00020450 us out at three-tails RV comm where you will find more RV related topics and
VAm-2FCqnd8-00042-00020450-00021026 discussions over there until next time remember live simple live free and enjoy
VAm-2FCqnd8-00043-00021026-00021381 the ride and we'll see you next time
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VBB0o8Ozr1Y-00033-00012159-00012209 Actress Asin Latest HOT Photoshoot Viral On Social Media | Ghamasan
VBB0o8Ozr1Y-00034-00012209-00012285 Actress Asin Latest HOT Photoshoot Viral On Social Media | Ghamasan
VDzy09mUpJ8-00000-00001220-00001520 Be the realest mutha fucka that you niggas ever saw
VDzy09mUpJ8-00001-00001520-00002114 Come out of the hood, my swag is raw I'm a get me a deal (hook)
VDzy09mUpJ8-00002-00002114-00002485 Cause in a world of fakes, i'm be 1 real
VDzy09mUpJ8-00003-00002485-00002689 1real to my hood 1real to my state
VDzy09mUpJ8-00004-00002689-00003008 1real to the mic and 1 real to my fate
VDzy09mUpJ8-00005-00003008-00003523 Its on, like an activated plan With a middle fuckin' finger to the man
VDzy09mUpJ8-00006-00003523-00003973 its bros before hoes but its hard to tell the difference tween 'em
VDzy09mUpJ8-00007-00003973-00004297 So i'm a do me and just make it to the upper kingdom
VDzy09mUpJ8-00008-00004297-00004814 I say that i'm way above the bullshit But damn i'm in so deep that i'm a break the
VDzy09mUpJ8-00009-00004814-00004914 hymen
VDzy09mUpJ8-00010-00004914-00005444 I been, tried so many times by females and I been, put down like sick dog, so in
VDzy09mUpJ8-00011-00005444-00006042 a song to myself, it'll be what it be Fuck all y'all....i'm a just do me
VDzy09mUpJ8-00012-00006042-00006176 Masterbation
VDzy09mUpJ8-00013-00006176-00006456 I'm a be a star above y'all Constelation
VDzy09mUpJ8-00014-00006456-00006908 and have y'all loose ya fucking heads Castration...loose ya minds
VDzy09mUpJ8-00015-00006908-00007008 Mutilation
VDzy09mUpJ8-00016-00007008-00007239 Rap game vonerable, mine for the takin'
VDzy09mUpJ8-00017-00007239-00007743 Imma get my paper right like a fax I-i-i.. dont see you niggas... like you lookin
VDzy09mUpJ8-00018-00007743-00008197 at my back uh, some'll go for the platnium but i'm goin'
VDzy09mUpJ8-00019-00008197-00008316 for the steel 1real!!!
VDzy09mUpJ8-00020-00008316-00008550 Be the realest mutha fucka that you niggas ever saw
VDzy09mUpJ8-00021-00008550-00009329 Come out of the hood, my swag is raw I'm a get me a deal (hook)
VDzy09mUpJ8-00022-00009329-00009599 Cause in a world of fakes, i'm be 1 real
VDzy09mUpJ8-00023-00009599-00009952 1real to my hood 1real to my state
VDzy09mUpJ8-00024-00009952-00010209 1real to the mic and 1 real to my fate
VDzy09mUpJ8-00025-00010209-00010702 Its on, like an activated plan With a middle fuckin' finger to the man
VDzy09mUpJ8-00026-00010702-00011238 You niggas talkin shit, but runnin' low on toliet paper
VDzy09mUpJ8-00027-00011238-00011695 Nicki's Ass, but i swear that you is faker Talkin' bout a story but chall ont even no
VDzy09mUpJ8-00028-00011695-00012036 the plot My will.......1Real
VDzy09mUpJ8-00029-00012036-00012375 In this mutha fuckin game I'm the last level like a boss
VDzy09mUpJ8-00030-00012375-00012928 Stay next to pussy like TOM While nobody on yo shit like TOM
VDzy09mUpJ8-00031-00012928-00013313 Leave you falling in japan cause you said you the bomb
VDzy09mUpJ8-00032-00013313-00013856 I'm on...like the light switch up Anybody wanna step gone get fucked up
VDzy09mUpJ8-00033-00013856-00014480 uh, keep it real or get it taken from you Go ham, but i'm a make fuckin' bacon outta
VDzy09mUpJ8-00034-00014480-00014580 you
VDzy09mUpJ8-00035-00014580-00015078 haha, Saint Petersburg Florida! uh, Home of the chaos and disorder
VDzy09mUpJ8-00036-00015078-00015663 We do it live, like you streamin' an orgy 4real.....My Will, 1Real
VDzy09mUpJ8-00037-00015663-00015944 Be the realest mutha fucka that you niggas ever saw
VDzy09mUpJ8-00038-00015944-00016501 Come out of the hood, my swag is raw I'm a get me a deal (hook)
VDzy09mUpJ8-00039-00016501-00017190 Cause in a world of fakes, i'm be 1 real
VDzy09mUpJ8-00040-00017190-00017290 1real to my hood 1real to my state
VDzy09mUpJ8-00041-00017290-00017472 1real to the mic and 1 real to my fate
VDzy09mUpJ8-00042-00017472-00017926 Its on, like an activated plan With a middle fuckin' finger to the man
VDzy09mUpJ8-00043-00017926-00018363 I been jumped by the cowards, befriended by the fakes
VDzy09mUpJ8-00044-00018363-00018654 Fucked by this life, How much can i take
VDzy09mUpJ8-00045-00018654-00018979 None, no moe, like they wrote him out the simpson
VDzy09mUpJ8-00046-00018979-00019295 I aint no G, no killer, or even pimpin'
VDzy09mUpJ8-00047-00019295-00019781 I'm in the circle....thats all folks Got these niggas runnin but they gettin no
VDzy09mUpJ8-00048-00019781-00020112 votes Got addicted to the cards cause i really wanna
VDzy09mUpJ8-00049-00020112-00020553 deal My God, Amen, Poetic......1real
VDzy09mUpJ8-00050-00020553-00020864 Be the realest mutha fucka that you niggas ever saw
VDzy09mUpJ8-00051-00020864-00021559 Come out of the hood, my swag is raw I'm a get me a deal (hook)
VDzy09mUpJ8-00052-00021559-00022356 Cause in a world of fakes, i'm be 1 real
VDzy09mUpJ8-00053-00022356-00022686 1real to my hood 1real to my state
VDzy09mUpJ8-00054-00022686-00023560 1real to the mic and 1 real to my fate
VDzy09mUpJ8-00055-00023560-00025284 Its on, like an activated plan With a middle fuckin' finger to the man
VEtcU-mLiro-00000-00001119-00001355 Wanna keep a dry roof over your heads, literally.
VEtcU-mLiro-00001-00001355-00001698 When you need a reliable roofing solution.
VEtcU-mLiro-00002-00001698-00001907 Our experienced team of professionals are ready
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VEtcU-mLiro-00005-00002318-00002789 Our experienced craftsman have years of experienced on all sorts of buildings.
VEtcU-mLiro-00006-00002789-00003080 We are confident you will be completely satisfied.
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VEtcU-mLiro-00008-00003267-00003561 Tile Roofing Los Angeles CA Hey there thanks for watching our video to
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VHev8or53Yk-00000-00000010-00000063 WITH CONES AND THEY ARE ADVISING
VHev8or53Yk-00001-00000063-00000070 WITH CONES AND THEY ARE ADVISING  
VHev8or53Yk-00002-00000070-00000353 WITH CONES AND THEY ARE ADVISING RESIDENTS TO STAY AWAY FROM THE
VHev8or53Yk-00003-00000353-00000360 WITH CONES AND THEY ARE ADVISING RESIDENTS TO STAY AWAY FROM THE  
VHev8or53Yk-00004-00000360-00000383 WITH CONES AND THEY ARE ADVISING RESIDENTS TO STAY AWAY FROM THE AREA.
VHev8or53Yk-00005-00000383-00000390 RESIDENTS TO STAY AWAY FROM THE AREA.  
VHev8or53Yk-00006-00000390-00000750 RESIDENTS TO STAY AWAY FROM THE AREA. MOUNTAIN LIONS ARE NOT COMMON IN
VHev8or53Yk-00007-00000750-00000757 AREA. MOUNTAIN LIONS ARE NOT COMMON IN  
VHev8or53Yk-00008-00000757-00001047 AREA. MOUNTAIN LIONS ARE NOT COMMON IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA.
VHev8or53Yk-00009-00001047-00001054 MOUNTAIN LIONS ARE NOT COMMON IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA.  
VHev8or53Yk-00010-00001054-00001518 MOUNTAIN LIONS ARE NOT COMMON IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA. ADULT MALE MOUNTAIN LION WAS
VHev8or53Yk-00011-00001518-00001524 NORTHERN MINNESOTA. ADULT MALE MOUNTAIN LION WAS  
VHev8or53Yk-00012-00001524-00001858 NORTHERN MINNESOTA. ADULT MALE MOUNTAIN LION WAS FOUND DEAD NEAR NIMROD.
VHev8or53Yk-00013-00001858-00001865 ADULT MALE MOUNTAIN LION WAS FOUND DEAD NEAR NIMROD.  
VHev8or53Yk-00014-00001865-00002122 ADULT MALE MOUNTAIN LION WAS FOUND DEAD NEAR NIMROD. IN 2009 A COLLISION NEAR THE
VHev8or53Yk-00015-00002122-00002128 FOUND DEAD NEAR NIMROD. IN 2009 A COLLISION NEAR THE  
VHev8or53Yk-00016-00002128-00002315 FOUND DEAD NEAR NIMROD. IN 2009 A COLLISION NEAR THE LION WAS KILLED NEAR BEMIDJI.
VHev8or53Yk-00017-00002315-00002322 IN 2009 A COLLISION NEAR THE LION WAS KILLED NEAR BEMIDJI.  
VHev8or53Yk-00018-00002322-00002649 IN 2009 A COLLISION NEAR THE LION WAS KILLED NEAR BEMIDJI. THE DNR SAID IT LIKELY WANDERED
VHev8or53Yk-00019-00002649-00002655 LION WAS KILLED NEAR BEMIDJI. THE DNR SAID IT LIKELY WANDERED  
VHev8or53Yk-00020-00002655-00003066 LION WAS KILLED NEAR BEMIDJI. THE DNR SAID IT LIKELY WANDERED TO MINNESOTA FROM SOUTH DAKOTA.
VHev8or53Yk-00021-00003066-00003073 THE DNR SAID IT LIKELY WANDERED TO MINNESOTA FROM SOUTH DAKOTA.  
VHev8or53Yk-00022-00003073-00003146 THE DNR SAID IT LIKELY WANDERED TO MINNESOTA FROM SOUTH DAKOTA. >> IT'S UNCOMMON TO HAVE THEM
VHev8or53Yk-00023-00003146-00003153 TO MINNESOTA FROM SOUTH DAKOTA. >> IT'S UNCOMMON TO HAVE THEM  
VHev8or53Yk-00024-00003153-00003223 TO MINNESOTA FROM SOUTH DAKOTA. >> IT'S UNCOMMON TO HAVE THEM HIT BY CARS.
VHev8or53Yk-00025-00003223-00003229 >> IT'S UNCOMMON TO HAVE THEM HIT BY CARS.  
VHev8or53Yk-00026-00003229-00003623 >> IT'S UNCOMMON TO HAVE THEM HIT BY CARS. IT IS NOT UNCOMMON FOR ME TO GET
VHev8or53Yk-00027-00003623-00003630 HIT BY CARS. IT IS NOT UNCOMMON FOR ME TO GET  
VHev8or53Yk-00028-00003630-00003947 HIT BY CARS. IT IS NOT UNCOMMON FOR ME TO GET A CALL TO HAVE SOMEBODY SEEN
VHev8or53Yk-00029-00003947-00003953 IT IS NOT UNCOMMON FOR ME TO GET A CALL TO HAVE SOMEBODY SEEN  
VHev8or53Yk-00030-00003953-00004074 IT IS NOT UNCOMMON FOR ME TO GET A CALL TO HAVE SOMEBODY SEEN ONE.
VHev8or53Yk-00031-00004074-00004080 A CALL TO HAVE SOMEBODY SEEN ONE.  
VHev8or53Yk-00032-00004080-00004250 A CALL TO HAVE SOMEBODY SEEN ONE. WE SEEM TO HAVE COUGARS OR
VHev8or53Yk-00033-00004250-00004257 ONE. WE SEEM TO HAVE COUGARS OR  
VHev8or53Yk-00034-00004257-00004611 ONE. WE SEEM TO HAVE COUGARS OR MOUNTAIN LIONS IN THE STATE
VHev8or53Yk-00035-00004611-00004617 WE SEEM TO HAVE COUGARS OR MOUNTAIN LIONS IN THE STATE  
VHev8or53Yk-00036-00004617-00004794 WE SEEM TO HAVE COUGARS OR MOUNTAIN LIONS IN THE STATE ALMOST EVERY YEAR.
VHev8or53Yk-00037-00004794-00004801 MOUNTAIN LIONS IN THE STATE ALMOST EVERY YEAR.  
VHev8or53Yk-00038-00004801-00004884 MOUNTAIN LIONS IN THE STATE ALMOST EVERY YEAR. WHETHER THEY'RE ACTUALLY LIVING
VHev8or53Yk-00039-00004884-00004891 ALMOST EVERY YEAR. WHETHER THEY'RE ACTUALLY LIVING  
VHev8or53Yk-00040-00004891-00005101 ALMOST EVERY YEAR. WHETHER THEY'RE ACTUALLY LIVING HERE OR NOT, NOBODY KNOWS.
VHev8or53Yk-00041-00005101-00005108 WHETHER THEY'RE ACTUALLY LIVING HERE OR NOT, NOBODY KNOWS.  
VHev8or53Yk-00042-00005108-00005285 WHETHER THEY'RE ACTUALLY LIVING HERE OR NOT, NOBODY KNOWS. >> Dennis: IF YOU DO SPOT A
VHev8or53Yk-00043-00005285-00005291 HERE OR NOT, NOBODY KNOWS. >> Dennis: IF YOU DO SPOT A  
VHev8or53Yk-00044-00005291-00005358 HERE OR NOT, NOBODY KNOWS. >> Dennis: IF YOU DO SPOT A MOUNTAIN LION, DNR ASK THAT YOU
VIX3rucB0ru-00000-00000002-00000206 Hi guys ! Welcome to Twilight ASMR  = ))
VIX3rucB0ru-00001-00002154-00002688 We have a Stuffed Crusted Cheese and Pepperoni pizza from Little Cesar Yesss!!
VIX3rucB0ru-00002-00002836-00003200 Do you like Cheese or Pepperoni Pizza ??
VIX3rucB0ru-00003-00003590-00003806 Smells like Garlic .....yummm!
VIX3rucB0ru-00004-00004676-00004788 Cheezy Jalapeno
VIX3rucB0ru-00005-00007014-00007292 Delicious Pepperoni Pizza
VIX3rucB0ru-00006-00008266-00008612 ooo my favorite Garlic butter sauce
VIX3rucB0ru-00007-00008830-00009126 omgosh ! sooooo yummm!!
VIX3rucB0ru-00008-00009664-00010220 So I did a Poll asking ya wanna watch Pizza or Krispy kreme Doughnuts
VIX3rucB0ru-00009-00010640-00011062 It was a close call . Pizza was 54% and Krispy Kreme Doughnut was 46%
VIX3rucB0ru-00010-00011308-00011962 I also got comment wanting Cheese Pizza so I got half cheese = D
VIX3rucB0ru-00011-00012728-00013178 The Jalapeno sauce taste so cheesy and a little spicy
VIX3rucB0ru-00012-00013706-00013884 Soo yumm!!!
VIX3rucB0ru-00013-00014072-00014358 What's your favorite pizza? = D
VIX3rucB0ru-00014-00014424-00014544 Cheese pizza = )))
VIX3rucB0ru-00015-00014656-00014744 Take a bite = O
VIX3rucB0ru-00016-00015308-00015584 Cheesy delish.....
VJ2wSz--I7A-00000-00000110-00000570 SO TASTE, MY FRIENDS, IS A CHEMICAL SENSATION.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00001-00000577-00001070 SO TASTE CELLS, WHICH ARE SENSITIVE
VJ2wSz--I7A-00002-00001077-00001471 OR DELIVER INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT YOU ARE TASTING,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00003-00001478-00002071 TASTE CELLS ARE CHEMO RECEPTORS.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00004-00002078-00002542 AND MOST PEOPLE THINK OF TASTE CELLS,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00005-00002549-00002872 WE ACTUALLY THINK OF TASTE BUDS AS BEING YOUR,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00006-00002879-00003239 WHAT YOU TASTE WITH, RIGHT?
VJ2wSz--I7A-00007-00003246-00003473 AND MOST OF US THINK OF OUR TASTE BUDS
VJ2wSz--I7A-00008-00003479-00003703 AS ACTUALLY BEING THE LITTLE BUMPS ON YOUR TONGUE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00009-00003710-00004067 THE FACT IS THAT THERE ARE LIKE A MILLION TASTE BUDS,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00010-00004074-00004274 I DON'T KNOW WHAT THE ACTUAL NUMBER IS,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00011-00004280-00004454 EMBEDDED IN THE BUMP ON YOUR TONGUE,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00012-00004461-00004644 WHICH IS CALLED A PAPILLAE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00013-00004651-00004818 THIS IS AN IMAGE
VJ2wSz--I7A-00014-00004824-00005251 OF DIFFERENT TASTE CELLS EMBEDDED IN A SINGLE TASTE BUD.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00015-00005258-00005458 SO THIS IS A TASTE BUD RIGHT HERE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00016-00005465-00005869 I'M GOING TO TRACE A SINGLE TASTE CELL
VJ2wSz--I7A-00017-00005875-00006339 TO SEE YOU CAN SEE THAT, HOW IT'S KIND OF SET UP HERE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00018-00006346-00006669 A TASTE CELL HAS, IT'S LONG,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00019-00006676-00007153 AND IT TOUCHES THIS PORE, THIS IS CALLED YOUR TASTE PORE,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00020-00007160-00007470 WHICH IS OPEN TO YOUR MOUTH.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00021-00007477-00007967 YOU CAN CONSIDER THIS THE SPACE OR THE LUMEN AND SO YOU HAVE,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00022-00007974-00008271 YOUR TASTE CELLS ARE OPEN TO THAT SPACE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00023-00008278-00008511 IF YOU START THINKING ABOUT IT, THAT PORE,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00024-00008518-00008735 THAT TASTE PORE IS TINY.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00025-00008742-00009095 NONETHELESS, IF YOU EAT SOMETHING, LITTLE PIECES
VJ2wSz--I7A-00026-00009102-00009472 OF WHAT YOU EAT ACTUALLY FALL INTO THE TASTE PORE
VJ2wSz--I7A-00027-00009479-00009699 AND ACTIVATE THE CELL, SO FIRST THING
VJ2wSz--I7A-00028-00009706-00010033 I WANT TO DO IS DRAW YOU A PICTURE OF A TASTE CELL.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00029-00010040-00010273 THIS IS WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00030-00010280-00010774 NOW THE TASTE CELL IS ACTUALLY,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00031-00010780-00011074 I DON'T KNOW HOW DO WE WANT TO SAY THIS?
VJ2wSz--I7A-00032-00011081-00011271 IT'S NOT A NEURON
VJ2wSz--I7A-00033-00011277-00011738 AND WE'VE GOT A COUPLE OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF TASTE CELLS.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00034-00011744-00011955 I'M GOING TO DRAW ONE KIND FIRST.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00035-00011961-00012268 WHAT I KNOW IS THAT ON THESE LITTLE,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00036-00012275-00012509 THESE ARE ACTUALLY MICROVILLI.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00037-00012515-00013039 EMBEDDED ON THESE MICROVILLI ARE SENSORY RECEPTORS.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00038-00013046-00013269 AND HERE'S THE DEAL.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00039-00013276-00013893 EACH TASTE CELL HAS ONE FLAVOR OF SENSORY RECEPTOR,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00040-00013900-00014210 AND THAT SENSORY RECEPTOR IS GOING TO BIND
VJ2wSz--I7A-00041-00014217-00014531 TO SOME KIND OF MOLECULE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00042-00014537-00014808 I SAY THAT EACH ONE HAS ONE KIND.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00043-00014814-00015065 THERE ARE ACTUALLY, THEY THINK,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00044-00015071-00015368 AT THE LAST PUBLISHING OF THE BOOK THAT I USED,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00045-00015375-00015802 THERE ARE 13 RECEPTORS.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00046-00015809-00016252 SO 13 DIFFERENT POSSIBLE RECEPTORS
VJ2wSz--I7A-00047-00016259-00016372 THAT MOLECULES CAN BIND TO.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00048-00016379-00016573 NOW THINK ABOUT THAT FOR A SECOND.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00049-00016579-00016913 THAT MEANS BASICALLY THERE ARE 13 DIFFERENT FLAVORS,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00050-00016920-00017173 AND THEN IT'S THE COMBINATION
VJ2wSz--I7A-00051-00017180-00017660 OF HOW THOSE 13 DIFFERENT RECEPTORS ARE STIMULATED
VJ2wSz--I7A-00052-00017667-00017864 THAT DELIVERS KIND OF RICH,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00053-00017871-00018321 UNIQUE SENSATIONS OF FLAVOR TO OUR BRAIN.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00054-00018328-00018691 EVEN THOUGH THERE ARE 13 DIFFERENT RECEPTORS
VJ2wSz--I7A-00055-00018698-00018838 THAT THEY'VE FOUND,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00056-00018845-00019355 THERE ARE ONLY FIVE PRIMARY SENSATIONS OF TASTE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00057-00019362-00019536 AND I'M GOING TO SHOW
VJ2wSz--I7A-00058-00019542-00019809 YOU WHAT THAT MEANS BECAUSE LOOK AT ME BEING REALLY CAREFUL.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00059-00019816-00020013 THAT'S AN ACTUAL TASTE BUD.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00060-00020019-00020223 OH, OH, AND LOOK AT THOSE CELLS,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00061-00020230-00020457 OH, WE'RE GOING TO SEE HOW THOSE GUYS WORK.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00062-00020463-00020970 BUT FIRST OF ALL, I WANT YOU TO SEE OUR DIFFERENT FLAVORS
VJ2wSz--I7A-00063-00020977-00021301 OF RECEPTOR THAT PICK UP TASTE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00064-00021307-00021451 OUR BASIC TASTES,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00065-00021458-00021658 EVEN THOUGH THERE ARE 13 OF THESE THINGS,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00066-00021664-00021965 OUR BASIC TASTES ARE SALTY, SWEET.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00067-00021971-00022272 SOUR, BITTER AND UMAMI.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00068-00022278-00023072 UMAMI, THERE'S NO WAY I CAN DESCRIBE IT, IT'S LIKE MSG.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00069-00023079-00023333 I CAN'T DESCRIBE THAT EITHER. IS THAT SALTY?
VJ2wSz--I7A-00070-00023339-00023626 IT'S NOT SALTY 'CAUSE IT DOESN'T FALL INTO THE SALTY CATEGORY.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00071-00023633-00024017 IT'S UNIQUE. SOME OF YOU WILL KNOW WHAT I'M TALKING ABOUT.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00072-00024023-00024267 BUT THAT'S IT, LIKE ALL OF OUR RECEPTORS
VJ2wSz--I7A-00073-00024274-00024601 CAN FALL INTO ONE OF THOSE FIVE TASTE CATEGORIES
VJ2wSz--I7A-00074-00024607-00024761 AND HERE'S THE CRAZY THING.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00075-00024768-00025211 THE MESSAGE, THE MECHANISM
VJ2wSz--I7A-00076-00025218-00025762 BY WHICH SALTY MOLECULES DELIVER THE MESSAGE OF, OH,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00077-00025769-00025959 THAT WAS SALTY TO YOUR BRAIN,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00078-00025965-00026132 IS DIFFERENT THAN THE MECHANISM
VJ2wSz--I7A-00079-00026139-00026569 BY WHICH BITTER ONES SEND THE MESSAGE TO YOUR BRAIN.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00080-00026576-00026923 AND LET'S TALK ABOUT WHAT IS THIS MECHANISM YOU SPEAK OF?
VJ2wSz--I7A-00081-00026930-00027103 ARE YOU READY?
VJ2wSz--I7A-00082-00027110-00027407 OKAY, FIRST OF ALL WE'RE GOING TO DO SALTY AND SOUR.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00083-00027413-00027670 SO LET'S DO IT LIKE, LIKE THIS.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00084-00027677-00028064 SALTY AND SOUR.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00085-00028071-00028218 THIS IS THE MECHANISM
VJ2wSz--I7A-00086-00028224-00028568 BY WHICH THE INFORMATION TRAVELS OR IS DELIVERED.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00087-00028575-00029272 FIRST OF ALL, A SALTY OR SOUR MOLECULE BINDS TO THE RECEPTOR.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00088-00029279-00029749 SECOND OF ALL AN ACTION POTENTIAL WHAT,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00089-00029756-00030266 IS GENERATED IN THIS RECEPTOR CELL.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00090-00030273-00030967 DUDE, DOES THAT MAKE THIS THING A NEURON?
VJ2wSz--I7A-00091-00030974-00031367 I DON'T KNOW, ACTION POTENTIAL IS GENERATED GUESS WHAT,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00092-00031374-00031668 HERE COMES THE ACTION POTENTIAL.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00093-00031674-00032212 GUESS WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IT REACHES THE END OF THIS THING.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00094-00032218-00032999 YEAH, THIS IS NOT A NUCLEUS, THIS IS A BUBBLE OF SEROTONIN.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00095-00033006-00033370 WE THINK OF SEROTONIN AS OUR FEEL GOOD MOLECULE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00096-00033376-00033766 WELL IT IS ALSO INVOLVED IN SENSATIONS OF TASTE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00097-00033773-00034097 IN SENSATIONS OF SALTY AND SOUR TASTES,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00098-00034104-00034747 SO SEROTONIN IS THEN EXOCYTOSED INTO THE SYNAPSE
VJ2wSz--I7A-00099-00034754-00034958 SO THAT WOULD BE STEP WHAT, THREE?
VJ2wSz--I7A-00100-00034964-00035859 EXOCYTOSIS OF SEROTONIN AND THEN SEROTONIN STIMULATES A NEURON.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00101-00035865-00036065 OKAY WHAT COLOR IS MY NEURON GOING TO BE?
VJ2wSz--I7A-00102-00036072-00036266 IT'S, WE'LL MAKE IT AN AFFERENT NEURON
VJ2wSz--I7A-00103-00036272-00036743 WHICH I USUALLY MAKE THOSE GUYS, BLUE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00104-00036750-00037040 THAT'S WHAT I WAS TRYING TO THINK OF.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00105-00037047-00037367 HOW AM I GOING TO DRAW MY NEURON LIKE THIS,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00106-00037373-00038064 AND WE'RE GOING TO GO TO THE CNS THROUGH OLFACTORY NERVE,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00107-00038071-00038268 CRANIAL NERVE ONE, THAT'S A CNS.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00108-00038274-00038868 OKAY, SO YOU BARF SEROTONIN ONTO AN OLFACTORY NERVE
VJ2wSz--I7A-00109-00038875-00039229 AND THAT OLFACTORY NERVE GETS THE MESSAGE,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00110-00039235-00039439 SENDS AN ACTION POTENTIAL TO THE BRAIN.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00111-00039446-00039769 FANTASTIC, THAT ONE MAKES SENSE DOESN'T IT?
VJ2wSz--I7A-00112-00039776-00039936 OKAY WATCH THIS ONE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00113-00039943-00040143 I'M GOING TO GIVE IT A DIFFERENT COLOR,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00114-00040150-00040393 SLIGHTLY SO THAT YOU CAN APPRECIATE THE FACT THAT,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00115-00040400-00040900 YOU KNOW WHAT, THIS IS A DIFFERENT FLAVORED RECEPTOR.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00116-00040907-00041171 I MEAN YEAH, CHEMO RECEPTOR,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00117-00041177-00041558 IT'S A DIFFERENT FLAVORED TASTE CELL.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00118-00041564-00041855 AND SO WE'RE GOING TO PICK UP DIFFERENT KINDS
VJ2wSz--I7A-00119-00041861-00042165 OF SENSORY STIMULI, SO LET'S JUST DO THAT,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00120-00042172-00042449 WE'LL MAKE THEM ROUND AT THIS TIME.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00121-00042455-00042846 SO THIS, YOU CAN SEE, IT'S STILL A TASTE CELL
VJ2wSz--I7A-00122-00042852-00043056 BUT IT JUST HAS A DIFFERENT FLAVOR
VJ2wSz--I7A-00123-00043062-00043389 IT'S ONLY GOING TO PICK UP THE ROUND ORANGE MOLECULE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00124-00043396-00043630 THE PINK SQUARE MOLECULE
VJ2wSz--I7A-00125-00043636-00043837 IS GOING TO BOUNCE RIGHT OFF THAT THING.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00126-00043843-00044017 YOU'RE NOT EVEN GOING TO SEE IT.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00127-00044023-00044224 THE ORANGE ROUND MOLECULE IS GOING TO BIND.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00128-00044230-00044330 NOW HERE'S WHAT HAPPENS.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00129-00044337-00044464 SO THIS IS EVERYBODY ELSE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00130-00044471-00044934 THIS IS BITTER, UMAMI AND SWEET.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00131-00044941-00045111 OH, THIS IS SO COOL.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00132-00045118-00045518 FIRST OF ALL, THE MOLECULE BINDS JUST LIKE WE WOULD EXPECT,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00133-00045525-00045862 SECOND OF ALL, I'M GOING TO GIVE YOU A HINT,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00134-00045869-00046469 LOOK AT WHAT HAPPENS.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00135-00046476-00047013 WE GET A SECOND MESSENGER CASCADE
VJ2wSz--I7A-00136-00047020-00047657 AND YOU CAN THINK ABOUT WHY, WHY WOULD YOU DO THAT?
VJ2wSz--I7A-00137-00047664-00048064 AND WHAT ARE SOME POSSIBLE FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THAT?
VJ2wSz--I7A-00138-00048071-00048411 THE SECOND MESSENGER CASCADE, THIS IS REALLY INTERESTING,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00139-00048418-00048958 RESULTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ATP WHICH COMES OUT OF THE CELL
VJ2wSz--I7A-00140-00048965-00049349 AND STIMULATES MY NEXT NEURON.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00141-00049355-00049696 NOW ONCE IT STIMULATES THE NEURON SAME MECHANISM,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00142-00049702-00050049 NOW WE'RE GOING TO THE CNS, TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
VJ2wSz--I7A-00143-00050056-00050346 TO PROCESS THAT SENSATION OF SMELL.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00144-00050353-00050553 BUT THE SIGNIFICANT THING
VJ2wSz--I7A-00145-00050560-00050867 IS THAT WE HAVE TWO DIFFERENT MECHANISMS
VJ2wSz--I7A-00146-00050874-00051367 FOR RECEIVING SENSATIONS OF TASTE.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00147-00051374-00051764 ALL RIGHT, YOU CAN HAVE A WACKADOOSY RECEPTOR,
VJ2wSz--I7A-00148-00051771-00052152 AND IF YOU DO, THAT MEANS YOU CAN'T TASTE THAT THING.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00149-00052158-00052495 ISN'T THAT AND YOU CAN HAVE A WACKADOOZY
VJ2wSz--I7A-00150-00052502-00052669 LIKE CHEMICAL RECEPTOR
VJ2wSz--I7A-00151-00052675-00053046 LIKE LITTLE PROTEIN RECEPTOR IS WACKADOOZY.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00152-00053052-00053613 I DON'T KNOW IF YOU CAN HAVE LIKE A WHOLE KIND OF TASTE CELL
VJ2wSz--I7A-00153-00053620-00053860 THAT IS NOT FUNCTIONAL.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00154-00053867-00054037 HOW COOL IS THAT?
VJ2wSz--I7A-00155-00054043-00054300 ALL RIGHT, SO THAT'S HOW TASTE WORKS.
VJ2wSz--I7A-00156-00054307-00054520 LET'S TALK ABOUT HOW SMELL WORKS.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00000-00000000-00000903 Let’s now talk about the 5 different ways to lose your marker.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00001-00000903-00001603 … (technical problems) …
VJlfQvhf1vy-00002-00001603-00002203 1. Reception with a turn (or already oriented).
VJlfQvhf1vy-00003-00002203-00002703 This one is: I move towards the ball, reception with a turn, and forward-oriented,
VJlfQvhf1vy-00004-00002703-00003503 I find the player who is between the lines with the final pass having to be as close as possible to the receiver.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00005-00003503-00004503 Reception with a turn, and I give the final pass as close as possible to the receiver.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00006-00004503-00005303 Here, we have a possible “one-two” situation that was not used.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00007-00005303-00006503 The fullback, the player who his on the right, lost his marker here in order to create space for the receiver, not for him. …
VJlfQvhf1vy-00008-00006503-00007103 Reception turning at the same time, first touch and turn, the attack then came to this place.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00009-00007103-00008103 Here, this is a reception being already oriented. Through it, he is already forward-oriented, and then he is breaking lines.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00010-00008103-00008703 Look at how trough the reception, through one touch, he can turn forward, which changes everything:
VJlfQvhf1vy-00011-00008703-00009203 the game is not the same then. So, it is very important.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00012-00009203-00010203 So, here, we have an exercise which reproduces what I saw. I move towards the ball.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00013-00010203-00011303 Now the pass is longer. Now, in the next one, the drop is in diagonal instead of in vertical direction,
VJlfQvhf1vy-00014-00011303-00012103 and through one touch I can turn forward. It is an exercise, very simple.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00015-00012103-00013303 And now, the exercise is going to be executed by players: short pass, reception and turn.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00016-00013303-00014403 Longer pass, reception and turn. You already see that the ball is jumping.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00017-00014403-00015203 Drop in diagonal instead of in vertical direction, reception being already oriented.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00018-00015203-00016303 All this has value when the ball is already moving, and you want to give it continuity.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00019-00016303-00016903 Let’s now move on to the second way to lose your marker: the reception behind the opponent’s back.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00020-00016903-00017703 The closer the opponent is, the more it is a message one should receive the ball in his back.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00021-00017703-00018803 So, here, the opponent is close, he is coming towards me, that is why I go behind his back.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00022-00018803-00019603 I go behind the opponent’s back once again. This player is De Marcos, a specialist in the subject.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00023-00019603-00020003 I go behind the opponent’s back once again. …
VJlfQvhf1vy-00024-00020003-00020703 This has an infinity of norms: I can have a previous move to take the defender to a place
VJlfQvhf1vy-00025-00020703-00021203 from which it will be difficult to then go to the second place I will have decided to go to beforehand.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00026-00021203-00021603 That is why combination play, although it seems not to have norms, actually has
VJlfQvhf1vy-00027-00021603-00022603 an infinity of norms one has to teach the players. Copying the ones who do it well. Not inventing, copying.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00028-00022603-00023403 So, here, there is this space compression, reduction.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00029-00023403-00024103 So, this is a simple exercise. A first movement to draw the defender.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00030-00024103-00024703 I bring the defender to a place to which he doesn’t like to go and which suits me well.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00031-00024703-00025203 Here, the pass is towards a supposed “sweeper”.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00032-00025203-00026103 There, I would drop just before but now I am forward-oriented.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00033-00026103-00026803 So, this is actually like dribbling past but through combination play.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00034-00026803-00027103 Now it is with a marker. I draw the marker.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00035-00027103-00028303 The marker needs me to react. He does not know what I am going to do.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00036-00028303-00029503 So, here, we have the exercise. First pass. I give time, I slow down, the famous “pausa” to lose the marker.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00037-00029503-00030503 The timings required by the combination are not analytical timings, they are timings one can learn:
VJlfQvhf1vy-00038-00030503-00031303 when to go in-behind, when to stretch out the opponent lines, how to do the interaction-move, how to do to the final move.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00039-00031303-00032603 Here, I am dropping. It is obvious there is such a precision-demand in the exercise, that this has an added content.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00040-00032603-00033603 Obviously, it is much easier to say “here is a ball, play it forward”, but it is about looking like the game as much as possible.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00041-00033603-00033903 3. Reception beside the opponent
VJlfQvhf1vy-00042-00033903-00034403 Look, I talked about it before. That is a typical counterattack. When there is a counterattack, the
VJlfQvhf1vy-00043-00034403-00035003 defenders are closing down space in the center, so one has to be able to go forward without going behind the opponent’s back.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00044-00035003-00036203 We call them “corridor” passes. I escape, I get away from my marker without trying to go behind’s back.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00045-00036203-00037003 I get away from him making sure that his transversal run stops allowing him to reach me.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00046-00037003-00037903 Have a look here, look. It is exactly what I learnt watching this type of actions. …. Look at how the 9 acts
VJlfQvhf1vy-00047-00037903-00038603 so that the defender covers the possible pass behind’s back, and when he realizes he can’t go behind his back,
VJlfQvhf1vy-00048-00038603-00039003 he makes another run to create a “corridor” so that a pass to him is
VJlfQvhf1vy-00049-00039003-00039503 made possible with the opponent unable to reach him. Look at this.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00050-00039503-00040003 Look, look how it is a notch what he is doing here.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00051-00040003-00041803 … (technical problems) …
VJlfQvhf1vy-00052-00041803-00042603 Look because it is very interesting for me, no?
VJlfQvhf1vy-00053-00042603-00044403 … (technical problems) …
VJlfQvhf1vy-00054-00044403-00045403 Look. See how he is making a change in his run.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00055-00045403-00045803 …
VJlfQvhf1vy-00056-00045803-00046603 Look there are free spaces here and they get compressed, closed, which means the pass has to neutralize the defender’s
VJlfQvhf1vy-00057-00046603-00047003 run who is precisely letting the spaces on the side free. Instead of passing the ball to a player
VJlfQvhf1vy-00058-00047003-00047903 who is marked, you should visualize an imaginary line through which the ball is going to be played, and with speed, I am going
VJlfQvhf1vy-00059-00047903-00048603 to come and take this ball: the opponent won’t be able to reach me, since he is closing the inside. He can’t reach me anymore. 
VJlfQvhf1vy-00060-00048603-00049803 Look here how he is escaping from the marker. Instead of going in-behind, he is stretching, escaping from the marker.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00062-00053203-00054203 Look the exercise closely. He is drawing the defender’s attention and then, he is going to receive a pass on this imaginary line.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00063-00054203-00054703 He is drawing the defender’s attention and then, he is going to receive a pass on this imaginary line. Look closely, he is first
VJlfQvhf1vy-00064-00054703-00055903 drawing the defender’s attention. The defender tends to close the inside because the player is indicating he is trying to go
VJlfQvhf1vy-00065-00055903-00057003 in-behind. So, he is closing the inside to avoid it, which opens a “corridor” for a pass. That is losing your marker at its finest.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00066-00057003-00058003 And then, we have the exercise which is a reproduction. Look: here, he can’t go behind his back because it is closed.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00067-00058003-00059003 And then, we have the exercise which is always a reproduction. Now, obviously there is a precision-demand.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00068-00059003-00059703 Here, he chose the inside of his leg. The pass is slow, and the action is getting delayed, the player arrived before.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00069-00059703-00060503 This run is very inside-oriented, too inside-oriented. I don’t know, the change of direction is too important and lacks speed.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00070-00060503-00061203 But well, these are all ideas, all ways which enable the player to learn how to lose a marker.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00071-00061203-00062003 And this one, I call it “pass to the opponent”. It is a pass typical of Messi, which is: you draw the
VJlfQvhf1vy-00072-00062003-00063203 opponent’s attention before counter-anticipating, which means here getting past the player by going into another direction,
VJlfQvhf1vy-00073-00063203-00064103 which also is a very common way to get past opponents, to lose a marker. Counter-anticipation. The defender is going to a side.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00074-00064103-00065503 Look, see: it is a “pass to the defender”. So, I have seen so many of these movements and I have not seen any other than these 5
VJlfQvhf1vy-00075-00065503-00066203 I am introducing you to. And I have looked for ways to teach them.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00076-00066203-00068403 … (technical problems) … …
VJlfQvhf1vy-00077-00068403-00069603 This is a pass to the opponent and the player is counter-anticipating. They are both going for the ball.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00078-00069603-00071003 And this one is the last pass, which we were talking about before. They are on the same line and the player is getting
VJlfQvhf1vy-00079-00071003-00071903 out of this “back to goal” position, is turning, and the pass is arriving from above.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00080-00071903-00072403 He is getting out of this “back to goal” position, that is why I told you it was typical of wingers.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00081-00072403-00073303 There, from the center, he is getting out of this “back to goal” position, is orienting himself, and the ball is coming from above.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00082-00073303-00074303 He is getting out of this “back to goal” position, is orienting himself, and the ball is coming from above.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00083-00074303-00074903 He is getting out of this “back to goal” position, and the ball is coming from above.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00084-00074903-00076203 So, this is a way to avoid marks in this situation. … (technical problems) …
VJlfQvhf1vy-00085-00076203-00077203 He is getting out of this “back to goal” position, is counter-anticipating the “sweeper”, it is also what it is about.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00086-00077203-00078103 To a side, to another. This is a very good way to teach the exercise, so that the player can see it. Here, it is
VJlfQvhf1vy-00087-00078103-00080503 with a marker. … And here, it is going to be executed by players. So, the player is getting out of this “back to goal” position.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00088-00080503-00081203 Always an initial pass. It has to go behind the marker and above the sweeper.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00089-00081203-00082003 See how here, the coordination is perfect because the latter couldn’t have intercepted the pass.
VJlfQvhf1vy-00090-00082003-00082703 Look here, he is not doing the exercise, he is acting. The pass is bad. The exercise
VJlfQvhf1vy-00091-00082703-00083903 must be lived; one can’t act. When the player is acting, the exercise has no utility. Thereupon, we are done with this topic.
VQTBYhnbKdk-00000-00000368-00000903 HI everyone, welcome to LearnHowToChinese! I m your host Vienne and in this video, I
VQTBYhnbKdk-00001-00000903-00001592 ll share 5 interesting facts about Chinese currency, also known as RMB. Have you subscribed
VQTBYhnbKdk-00002-00001592-00002055 to our channel yet? We are a team dedicated to helping you learn Mandarin Chinese and
VQTBYhnbKdk-00003-00002055-00002559 interesting Chinese culture. If you like our videos, please share them with your friends
VQTBYhnbKdk-00004-00002559-00002665 and family.
VQTBYhnbKdk-00005-00002665-00003365 Have you ever seen RMB in person? The first series of RMB was printed in 1948, a year
VQTBYhnbKdk-00006-00003468-00003921 before the People s Republic of China was established. For this reason, the first series
VQTBYhnbKdk-00007-00003921-00004621 of RMB didn t have the country s emblem printed. RMB paper bills are colorful and they tell
VQTBYhnbKdk-00008-00004714-00005414 stories about Chinese people. So far, there are a total of five series of RMB. The first
VQTBYhnbKdk-00009-00005423-00006060 three series of RMB tell stories about revolution and social unity. During that time period,
VQTBYhnbKdk-00010-00006060-00006681 the country was in a difficult time, dealing with internal and external conflicts. In the
VQTBYhnbKdk-00011-00006681-00007211 1970s, the situation changed. The country made adjustments to its political direction
VQTBYhnbKdk-00012-00007211-00007791 and it was the beginning development of the Chinese economy. The fourth series of RMB
VQTBYhnbKdk-00013-00007791-00008275 highlights the beauty of China as a multi ethnic country. And the fifth series is what
VQTBYhnbKdk-00014-00008275-00008639 we re using now.
VQTBYhnbKdk-00015-00008639-00009239 The first series of RMB was released by The People s Bank of China in 1948. There were
VQTBYhnbKdk-00016-00009239-00009861 12 different values and 62 versions. During that time, China was experiencing a serious
VQTBYhnbKdk-00017-00009861-00010561 inflation due to the political instability. The highest value of RMB was ¥50,000, compared
VQTBYhnbKdk-00018-00010675-00011375 to today s highest value of ¥100. It was 500 times more compared to today s currency.
VQTBYhnbKdk-00019-00011702-00012187 You can imagine the difficult situation people had to deal with on a daily basis. People
VQTBYhnbKdk-00020-00012187-00012863 had to carry thousands of RMB just to buy a pack of matches.
VQTBYhnbKdk-00021-00012863-00013379 Compared to the highest value ¥50,000 in the first series, the highest value for the
VQTBYhnbKdk-00022-00013379-00014079 second and the third series are ¥10 RMB. In other words, the value of ¥50,000 was
VQTBYhnbKdk-00023-00014187-00014887 only wroth ¥5 when the second series of RMB was released. Now look at the print, a
VQTBYhnbKdk-00024-00014969-00015612 group of people standing in the front. These people represent different occupations a scholar,
VQTBYhnbKdk-00025-00015612-00016299 a farmer, blue collar worker and governor. This print has a nick name and is translated
VQTBYhnbKdk-00026-00016299-00016999 into a big unity or Chinese people call it 大团结 [dà tuán jié].  The message
VQTBYhnbKdk-00027-00017027-00017533 is about all people belonging to the same social class and they can all be involved
VQTBYhnbKdk-00028-00017533-00018015 in politics. More interesting fact in the third series is that each paper bill contained
VQTBYhnbKdk-00029-00018015-00018709 5 written languages besides Chinese characters and they are Mongolian, Uygur, Tibetan, Zhuang
VQTBYhnbKdk-00030-00018709-00019409 and Hanyu pinyin, which many of you are using to learn Mandarin Chinese.
VQTBYhnbKdk-00031-00019474-00020004 My favorite currency is the fourth series because the focus was no loner on politics
VQTBYhnbKdk-00032-00020004-00020516 but on the beauty of China. You can see that each paper bill captures two minorities on
VQTBYhnbKdk-00033-00020516-00021216 the front and a beautiful landscape on the back. In China, there are 55 minorities plus
VQTBYhnbKdk-00034-00021219-00021792 the Han nations, which accounted for about 91% of Chinese population.
VQTBYhnbKdk-00036-00024450-00024912 As you already know RMB has changed five times since under the leadership of the People s Republic
VQTBYhnbKdk-00037-00024912-00025506 of China. Imagine Chinese people having to adjust to new currencies five times in around
VQTBYhnbKdk-00038-00025506-00026169 60 years. It could be confusing for some people. It is especially true for the fourth and fifth
VQTBYhnbKdk-00039-00026169-00026869 series of RMB since their designs are similar. For example, on the back of both series captured
VQTBYhnbKdk-00040-00026950-00027650 the beauty of various Chinese landscapes. In 1999 when the fifth series of RMB was released
VQTBYhnbKdk-00041-00027691-00028233 while the fourth series still in circulation, some Chinese people got confused between ¥10
VQTBYhnbKdk-00042-00028233-00028887 in the fifth series and ¥50 in the fourth series. The confusion was because both currencies
VQTBYhnbKdk-00043-00028887-00029445 had water features on the back, one is 壶口瀑布 [ hú kǒu pù bù ].
VQTBYhnbKdk-00044-00029445-00030145 ] and the other one is长江三峡 [cháng jiāng sān xiá].
VQTBYhnbKdk-00045-00030560-00031260 The latest series of RMB added ¥20 but at the same time, canceled ¥2. Adding
VQTBYhnbKdk-00046-00031364-00032064 ¥20 is to help leverage the heavy use between ¥10 and ¥50. It s necessary
VQTBYhnbKdk-00047-00032127-00032568 because things are getting more and more expensive due to the inflation caused by the growing
VQTBYhnbKdk-00048-00032568-00032708 economy in Modern China
VQTBYhnbKdk-00049-00032708-00033409 That s all for today. I m sure there are more interesting facts about RMB. We would like
VQTBYhnbKdk-00050-00033490-00034138 to hear from you so leave a message if you know or discover something cool about RMB.
VQTBYhnbKdk-00051-00034138-00034293 Happy learning. Bye.
VSitAeliZNk-00000-00000000-00000200 NewSongHoldon Chevanloney
VWIffmDHIaQ-00000-00000855-00001175 My name is Alexis Wichowski and I
VWIffmDHIaQ-00001-00001175-00001639 teach at columbia university on government technology and media
VWIffmDHIaQ-00002-00001639-00001919 I also work full-time for the city of New York
VWIffmDHIaQ-00003-00001919-00002224 at the department of the chief technology office
VWIffmDHIaQ-00004-00002224-00002751 and my portfolio is innovation so without evidence we have only
VWIffmDHIaQ-00005-00002751-00003088 people's opinions and it is very difficult to come to any
VWIffmDHIaQ-00006-00003088-00003423 sort of consensus if we don't all rely on the same basic
VWIffmDHIaQ-00007-00003423-00003647 set of facts one of the challenges that we're
VWIffmDHIaQ-00008-00003647-00004032 experiencing in our democracy now is that people aren't even agreeing on
VWIffmDHIaQ-00009-00004032-00004344 the same facts the same pieces of evidence
VWIffmDHIaQ-00010-00004344-00004712 so we have less consensus and more polarization
VWIffmDHIaQ-00011-00004712-00005048 which just leads people further and further apart from each other
VWIffmDHIaQ-00012-00005048-00005448 and uh it makes it so that whatever political decisions are taken
VWIffmDHIaQ-00013-00005448-00005919 only serve one side and leave the other side feeling left out and
VWIffmDHIaQ-00014-00005919-00006312 neglected which is not the goal of the democracy
VWIffmDHIaQ-00015-00006312-00006695 i feel like having an opportunity to come together with so many people who
VWIffmDHIaQ-00016-00006695-00007015 are studying data science and journalism and the
VWIffmDHIaQ-00017-00007015-00007304 importance of evidence in our decision making
VWIffmDHIaQ-00018-00007304-00007728 is it's invaluable uh and i think especially the fact that people have
VWIffmDHIaQ-00019-00007728-00008224 different perspectives and strengths so some people have very scientific and
VWIffmDHIaQ-00020-00008224-00008536 quantitative expertise and others are looking at it more from a
VWIffmDHIaQ-00021-00008536-00008856 policy perspective and i think having a place where we can
VWIffmDHIaQ-00022-00008856-00009288 all come together and share what we know is going to just make us all better at
VWIffmDHIaQ-00023-00009288-00009568 our respective jobs and hopefully make our democracies a
VWIffmDHIaQ-00024-00009568-00010184 little stronger
VXyAtJeUhaU-00001-00010632-00010768 tud szaladni
VXMzSNa5uIc-00000-00000196-00000324 Thank you, Leslie.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00002-00000444-00001352 I’m Abigail Vega; I’m the LTC Producer and I am so honored to be speaking on behalf of the Steering Committee, both here in Portland and also all of our members around the country.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00003-00001352-00002302 We are so grateful to the TCG staff and board who facilitate this award, the artists who nominated us for it, and committee who chose to give it to us.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00004-00002302-00003365 Many, many members of our community have been nurtured and emboldened by a relationship with TCG over the years, and it means so much to be recognized in this way. Thank you.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00005-00003410-00004136 There is an irony in being honored as an “organization” when we intentionally are not one.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00006-00004340-00005590 The Latinx Theatre Commons is a living, breathing, always changing movement of theatre makers updating the narrative of the American Theatre through collective action and generous spirits.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00007-00005630-00006216 But before we get too far, I want to set something straight: I alone am not the LTC.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00008-00006216-00007364 To really honor the LTC, look to the twenty or so Steering Committee members standing alongside me, along with folks who are being Skyped and FaceTimed in right now.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00009-00007752-00008470 Now imagine the nearly sixty more Steering and Advisory Committee members not here with us today across the country.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00010-00008570-00009998 Now, look to the audience. If you have been involved in an LTC committee, helped plan an LTC event, or represent a foundation that has supported our work, please stand, because you’re in the Commons.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00011-00010976-00011332 Keep standing, keep standing. I'm adding, it's additive.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00012-00011332-00012566 If you have attended one of our in-person convenings or participated via livestream on HowlRoundTV, also stand, stand up as well. Okay, so we got more people, great.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00013-00013004-00013866 If you have joined one of our online communities via social media or Café Onda, please stand, because you are in the Commons.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00014-00013866-00014040 Keep standing, keep standing.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00015-00014496-00015866 Now, imagine the veteranos y veteranas who came before, Max Ferrá, Miriam Colón, Luis Valdez, Maria Irene Fornés, and all the ancestors on whose shoulders we stand,
VXMzSNa5uIc-00016-00015866-00016250 who fought battles against racism and inequity we cannot even imagine.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00017-00016250-00016650 Finally, envision the countless leaders that are yet to come.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00018-00016650-00017032 This is the Latinx Theatre Commons.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00019-00017674-00019154 The LTC was seeded in 2012 by eight Latinx theatre makers and the incredible minds at HowlRound, but the community that makes up our Commons is rooted in so many places and programs, conferences and coffee dates, gatherings formal and informal.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00020-00019154-00020236 We are the late nights of the TENAZ festivals of the 70s, 80s, and 90s, the electric Hispanic Playwrights Project, and those mentored by the singular María Irene Fornés.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00021-00020352-00021844 We are the “meetings under the trees” at TCG conferences in years past, the now established TCG conference affinity spaces, and the regional alliances supporting and connecting Latinx theatre makers all across the country.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00022-00021844-00022498 We are the two Latina students in your college theatre program who exchange monologues because their professor doesn’t know where to look,
VXMzSNa5uIc-00023-00022638-00023136 and the knowing glances between folks that say, are we really on this panel again?
VXMzSNa5uIc-00024-00023206-00024114 We are the theatre companies that have survived, thrived, and nurtured talent for decades, and the gatherings, coalitions, and visionaries yet to come.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00025-00024114-00024704 The LTC is modeling a commons. The concept of the Commons is really very simple.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00026-00024704-00025588 It's the basic belief that some resources belong to everyone, and this wealth has to be protected, managed, and made accessible for the good of this whole.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00027-00025608-00026566 Commons have existed and succeeded since the beginning of time. No one “owns” the wealth in a commons, because by its nature, it cannot be owned.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00028-00026595-00027732 We can inherit commons’ (think: air, oceans, religious texts) or we can create them for ourselves and future generations.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00029-00027877-00029689 Today, the most popular online encyclopedia, Wikipedia, is a knowledge commons, and people just like you are using the principles of the commons to protect sacred waters and natural ecosystems, to create community-driven crowdsourcing, and tp promote engaged citizenry around the world.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00030-00029760-00030716 By their very nature, commons challenge our transactional, market-based ideology and propose an alternative reality rooted in abundance and the greater good.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00031-00030794-00031242 Our Commons is an open think-tank and brain trust of intergenerational practitioners.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00032-00031372-00032114 Our commons is not an affinity space—we welcome allies on our steering committee and at our events because we decided early on we needed to show up for each other.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00033-00032192-00033178 We are a self-organized, collective, non-hierarchical structure built on a series of concentric circles, and made up of people who raised their hands and showed up.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00034-00033242-00033984 We step up when we are called, and step aside when needed. Ideas take off or drop off, depending on the pulse of the community.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00035-00034082-00034840 The LTC speaks truth to power. What we do isn’t easy. We disagree, often.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00036-00035002-00035908 However, through a deep respect and trust for each other, and our shared belief in the values of the Commons, we have created something revolutionary.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00037-00035990-00036588 We fail, constantly, and while we are not perfect, and we never could be, we will never stop trying.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00038-00036802-00037204 The LTC was founded to make our own table, instead of waiting to be invited to join one.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00039-00038222-00039128 It was manifested on the radical premise that we all have the power to transform the American Theatre, and in fact, its future relevance demands that we do.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00040-00039194-00040222 With voices raised together, we reject those narratives that marginalize us. We push back against a system that benefits by pitting us against each other.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00041-00040290-00040928 We defy those voices and an administration that seek to eliminate us and our contribution to this culture.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00042-00041016-00042118 We stand together in all our varied skin tones, languages, genders, countries of origin or connection, sexual orientations, and immigration statuses as the Latinx Theatre Commons.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00043-00042210-00042826 We have taken matters into our own hands. And now, we stand among you and ask you to do the same.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00044-00042936-00043382 The Latinx Theatre Commons is just one intervention to create the New American Theatre.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00045-00043460-00044296 What can we all do to create a theatre that is an inclusive and equitable representation of the peoples and cultures that make up this nation?
VXMzSNa5uIc-00046-00044358-00044840 Today, we ask you to consider: What is your intervention?
VXMzSNa5uIc-00047-00044972-00045112 Thank you.
VXMzSNa5uIc-00048-00045126-00048012 (applause)
VYq8WLAKjdI-00000-00000000-00000096 Tec Mobile Pro
VbblIl37Nxo-00000-00000010-00000333 (narrator) Your website should attract new potential customers.
VbblIl37Nxo-00001-00000333-00000655 One way to do so is by showing up in search results.
VbblIl37Nxo-00002-00000655-00001093 Methods of making your website appear when people search for the things you sell
VbblIl37Nxo-00003-00001093-00001247 like children's clothes,
VbblIl37Nxo-00004-00001247-00001705 are called search engine optimization, or SEO for short.
VbblIl37Nxo-00005-00001754-00001885 Think of it this way,
VbblIl37Nxo-00006-00001885-00002212 SEO is like a shop window display--
VbblIl37Nxo-00007-00002212-00002605 you want to make the shop window display interesting and attractive.
VbblIl37Nxo-00008-00002605-00003049 SEO is about using the right words and serving relevant information
VbblIl37Nxo-00009-00003049-00003297 to your potential customers on your websites.
VbblIl37Nxo-00010-00003332-00003578 This can be done in a few different ways.
VbblIl37Nxo-00011-00003634-00003919 Make sure your website contains useful information
VbblIl37Nxo-00012-00003919-00004632 like inventory, selection, pricing, location, and hours.
VbblIl37Nxo-00013-00004632-00004838 Other best practices include:
VbblIl37Nxo-00014-00004838-00005118 create short, meaningful page titles;
VbblIl37Nxo-00015-00005118-00005478 use page headings that convey the subject of the page;
VbblIl37Nxo-00016-00005511-00006035 include a detailed "About Us" section that includes contact information,
VbblIl37Nxo-00017-00006035-00006220 a description of your business,
VbblIl37Nxo-00018-00006220-00006462 countries where you operate if relevant,
VbblIl37Nxo-00019-00006462-00006919 and, if it applies, store locations and opening hours.
VbblIl37Nxo-00020-00006919-00007144 If your website contains images and videos,
VbblIl37Nxo-00021-00007200-00007493 make sure you describe them with alt text tags
VbblIl37Nxo-00022-00007493-00007651 and other attributes
VbblIl37Nxo-00023-00007651-00007896 to ensure that Google understands what they're about
VbblIl37Nxo-00024-00007896-00008284 and that users with disabilities can also access the content.
VbblIl37Nxo-00025-00008354-00008537 You should also make sure to use images
VbblIl37Nxo-00026-00008537-00008720 to illustrate what you are selling
VbblIl37Nxo-00027-00008720-00008931 and describe the items using keywords
VbblIl37Nxo-00028-00008931-00009247 such as brands, colors, and descriptions of the items.
VbblIl37Nxo-00029-00009329-00009725 Additionally, you'll want to pay close attention to image accuracy,
VbblIl37Nxo-00030-00009725-00010075 descriptive wording, and relevancy of page titles.
VbblIl37Nxo-00031-00010126-00010373 You should also use the techniques and checklists
VbblIl37Nxo-00032-00010373-00010578 we've mentioned in the previous episode
VbblIl37Nxo-00033-00010578-00010840 to ensure your website appears in search results
VbblIl37Nxo-00034-00010840-00011074 when people are looking for your products.
VbblIl37Nxo-00035-00011108-00011520 We've talked about positive methods to increase the visibility of your site,
VbblIl37Nxo-00036-00011520-00011798 but there are also not so positive methods.
VbblIl37Nxo-00037-00011840-00012126 These include things like adding invisible text to a website
VbblIl37Nxo-00038-00012126-00012381 to trick people into viewing content.
VbblIl37Nxo-00039-00012381-00012631 This, as well as other devious techniques
VbblIl37Nxo-00040-00012631-00012882 designed to deceive indexing algorithms,
VbblIl37Nxo-00041-00012882-00013293 are often described as black hat SEO and should be avoided.
VbblIl37Nxo-00042-00013358-00013691 Google has many ways to detect techniques
VbblIl37Nxo-00043-00013691-00013950 that intend to manipulate search rankings.
VbblIl37Nxo-00044-00013950-00014280 These safeguards help ensure that search results remain relevant
VbblIl37Nxo-00045-00014280-00014494 and accurate for users.
VbblIl37Nxo-00046-00014494-00014870 As such, most of these black hat techniques don't work
VbblIl37Nxo-00047-00014870-00015294 and in the long run will amount to a waste of your time and money.
VbblIl37Nxo-00048-00015355-00015644 Google provides tools to help you manage your SEO.
VbblIl37Nxo-00049-00015694-00016035 Sign up for Search Console to see how your website is performing.
VbblIl37Nxo-00050-00016035-00016360 Search Console is a free tool provided by Google
VbblIl37Nxo-00051-00016360-00016726 to help you run your website and monitor its performance.
VbblIl37Nxo-00052-00016726-00017067 It even sends you emails in case there's a problem
VbblIl37Nxo-00053-00017067-00017295 so you can focus on your business.
VbblIl37Nxo-00054-00017336-00017734 If you don't want to do this alone, you can hire a professional.
VbblIl37Nxo-00055-00017734-00017870 In the next episode,
VbblIl37Nxo-00056-00017870-00018235 we'll talk about how to find and hire a great SEO expert.
VbblIl37Nxo-00057-00018304-00018599 Do you have any comments about this video or this series?
VbblIl37Nxo-00058-00018637-00019020 Please comment below, and we will see you in the next episode.
VclB_kp35PM-00000-00001078-00002489 She won legions of new fans with her relentless positivity, quirky catchphrases and courage when facing terrifying bushtucker trials in this year's I'm A Celebrity.
VclB_kp35PM-00001-00002639-00003921 And jungle queen Georgia Toffolo has announced she will replace showbiz gossip king Rylan Clark-Neal while he takes a temporary break from This Morning.
VclB_kp35PM-00002-00004071-00005749 The Made in Chelsea star, 23,  the exciting news live from a mountain in Verbier, Switzerland, as she promised to be back on TV screens in January before wishing viewers a Merry Christmas.
VclB_kp35PM-00003-00005899-00007898 Scroll down for video  But it was departing host Rylan, 29, who stole the moment and made sure he left the show with a bang as he remarked 'In with the new, out with the old' before assuring viewers he would be back, albeit in a rather unsavoury manner. 
VclB_kp35PM-00004-00008048-00010249 He said: 'I'm like an STD, I always come back.' His comments caused a wave of reaction on social media with one amused fan writing 'that was a classic' before another wrote 'I've cried and laughed today.. 'well you can't sack him' for his STD comment.. just hilarious!.
VclB_kp35PM-00005-00010399-00012633 Another shocked fan wrote : 'Brilliant one liner from Rylan..... like an STD, I'll always be back.'  A emotional viewer said: 'So here I am crying and you never fail to make me laugh again.. 'I'm like an STD, I will come back'.. aww I'm gonna miss you sooo much hun!'
VclB_kp35PM-00006-00012783-00014384 A further fan wrote 'hilarious STD, you will be missed' while another fan said: 'I'm like an STD, I'll always come back' literally has to be the funniest thing I've heard on tv all year.' 
VclB_kp35PM-00007-00014534-00016161 Talking to the pair about the decision live from his Gossip Grotto last week, Rylan said: 'I've not really said anything but after Christmas, next Friday, I'm going to be going away for a little bit.
VclB_kp35PM-00008-00016311-00017686 'It's definitely not goodbye but I'm going to be taking a little bit of a break in the new year. But I just want to say thank you because it's been lovely and I will be back.'
VclB_kp35PM-00009-00017836-00018928 Rylan was unclear as to why he has decided to leave the show as they filmed This Morning on Ice outside in freezing weather.
VclB_kp35PM-00010-00019078-00020192 Holly was clearly upset by the news and said: 'I feel like you're our child who is going off travelling to explore new things.'
VclB_kp35PM-00011-00020342-00021645 She added: 'You must come back and see us!'  He later joked that during his time away he would become a florist with Elizabeth from The Apprentice.
VclB_kp35PM-00012-00021795-00023321 The dashing host usually dishes out the showbiz gossip on the ITV brunch time show throughout the week, and fans quickly took to  and other social media to express their sadness over the decision. 
VclB_kp35PM-00013-00023471-00024990 Fans will still get to see Rylan in the new year, though, as it's been confirmed he'll host Celebrity Big Brother's spin-off show 'Bit on the Side' when it returns at the beginning of January. 
VdRbP6BzoeM-00000-00000000-00000200 Dad and daughter day cutting..
VemwOJuxcr0-00000-00000010-00000296 THE SECTION 
VemwOJuxcr0-00001-00000296-00000303 THE SECTION   
VemwOJuxcr0-00002-00000303-00000447 THE SECTION  >> TO SAY THAT THE MENS HOCKEY 
VemwOJuxcr0-00003-00000447-00000453 THE SECTION  >> TO SAY THAT THE MENS HOCKEY   
VemwOJuxcr0-00004-00000453-00000607 THE SECTION  >> TO SAY THAT THE MENS HOCKEY  STANDINGS IN THE WCHA IS
VemwOJuxcr0-00005-00000607-00000613 >> TO SAY THAT THE MENS HOCKEY  STANDINGS IN THE WCHA IS  
VemwOJuxcr0-00006-00000613-00000704 >> TO SAY THAT THE MENS HOCKEY  STANDINGS IN THE WCHA IS CROWDED WOULD BE AN 
VemwOJuxcr0-00007-00000704-00000710 STANDINGS IN THE WCHA IS CROWDED WOULD BE AN   
VemwOJuxcr0-00008-00000710-00000827 STANDINGS IN THE WCHA IS CROWDED WOULD BE AN  UNDERSTATEMENT.
VemwOJuxcr0-00009-00000827-00000834 CROWDED WOULD BE AN  UNDERSTATEMENT.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00010-00000834-00000930 CROWDED WOULD BE AN  UNDERSTATEMENT. JUST SIX POINTS SEPARATE THE 2ND
VemwOJuxcr0-00011-00000930-00000937 UNDERSTATEMENT. JUST SIX POINTS SEPARATE THE 2ND  
VemwOJuxcr0-00012-00000937-00001074 UNDERSTATEMENT. JUST SIX POINTS SEPARATE THE 2ND PLACE TEAM FROM THE
VemwOJuxcr0-00013-00001074-00001081 JUST SIX POINTS SEPARATE THE 2ND PLACE TEAM FROM THE  
VemwOJuxcr0-00014-00001081-00001194 JUST SIX POINTS SEPARATE THE 2ND PLACE TEAM FROM THE 6TH.
VemwOJuxcr0-00015-00001194-00001201 PLACE TEAM FROM THE 6TH.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00016-00001201-00001351 PLACE TEAM FROM THE 6TH. BEMIDJI STATE IS ONE OF THOSE 
VemwOJuxcr0-00017-00001351-00001358 6TH. BEMIDJI STATE IS ONE OF THOSE   
VemwOJuxcr0-00018-00001358-00001458 6TH. BEMIDJI STATE IS ONE OF THOSE  TEAMS SITTING IN 5TH, AND
VemwOJuxcr0-00019-00001458-00001464 BEMIDJI STATE IS ONE OF THOSE  TEAMS SITTING IN 5TH, AND  
VemwOJuxcr0-00020-00001464-00001614 BEMIDJI STATE IS ONE OF THOSE  TEAMS SITTING IN 5TH, AND THEY TOOK ON NORTHERN MICHIGAN, 
VemwOJuxcr0-00021-00001614-00001621 TEAMS SITTING IN 5TH, AND THEY TOOK ON NORTHERN MICHIGAN,   
VemwOJuxcr0-00022-00001621-00002122 TEAMS SITTING IN 5TH, AND THEY TOOK ON NORTHERN MICHIGAN,  CURRENTLY TIED FOR 2ND.
VemwOJuxcr0-00023-00002122-00002128 THEY TOOK ON NORTHERN MICHIGAN,  CURRENTLY TIED FOR 2ND.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00024-00002128-00002298 THEY TOOK ON NORTHERN MICHIGAN,  CURRENTLY TIED FOR 2ND. WHEN THEY MET EARLIER IN THE 
VemwOJuxcr0-00025-00002298-00002305 CURRENTLY TIED FOR 2ND. WHEN THEY MET EARLIER IN THE   
VemwOJuxcr0-00026-00002305-00002422 CURRENTLY TIED FOR 2ND. WHEN THEY MET EARLIER IN THE  SEASON, IT WAS A SPLIT ONE AND 
VemwOJuxcr0-00027-00002422-00002429 WHEN THEY MET EARLIER IN THE  SEASON, IT WAS A SPLIT ONE AND   
VemwOJuxcr0-00028-00002429-00002489 WHEN THEY MET EARLIER IN THE  SEASON, IT WAS A SPLIT ONE AND  ONE EACH.
VemwOJuxcr0-00029-00002489-00002495 SEASON, IT WAS A SPLIT ONE AND  ONE EACH.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00030-00002495-00002602 SEASON, IT WAS A SPLIT ONE AND  ONE EACH. SCORELESS IN THE FIRST PERIOD.
VemwOJuxcr0-00031-00002602-00002609 ONE EACH. SCORELESS IN THE FIRST PERIOD.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00032-00002609-00002922 ONE EACH. SCORELESS IN THE FIRST PERIOD. BEAVERS ON THE POWER PLAY.
VemwOJuxcr0-00033-00002922-00002929 SCORELESS IN THE FIRST PERIOD. BEAVERS ON THE POWER PLAY.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00034-00002929-00003203 SCORELESS IN THE FIRST PERIOD. BEAVERS ON THE POWER PLAY. THE BREAK AWAY, IT'S 1-NOTHING.
VemwOJuxcr0-00035-00003203-00003209 BEAVERS ON THE POWER PLAY. THE BREAK AWAY, IT'S 1-NOTHING.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00036-00003209-00003473 BEAVERS ON THE POWER PLAY. THE BREAK AWAY, IT'S 1-NOTHING. LESS THAN A MINUTE LATER, THE 
VemwOJuxcr0-00037-00003473-00003480 THE BREAK AWAY, IT'S 1-NOTHING. LESS THAN A MINUTE LATER, THE   
VemwOJuxcr0-00038-00003480-00003576 THE BREAK AWAY, IT'S 1-NOTHING. LESS THAN A MINUTE LATER, THE  SHOT IS TAKEN.
VemwOJuxcr0-00039-00003576-00003583 LESS THAN A MINUTE LATER, THE  SHOT IS TAKEN.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00040-00003583-00003753 LESS THAN A MINUTE LATER, THE  SHOT IS TAKEN. IT IS DEFLECTED OFF A DEFENDER 
VemwOJuxcr0-00041-00003753-00003760 SHOT IS TAKEN. IT IS DEFLECTED OFF A DEFENDER   
VemwOJuxcr0-00042-00003760-00003797 SHOT IS TAKEN. IT IS DEFLECTED OFF A DEFENDER  AND IN.
VemwOJuxcr0-00043-00003797-00003803 IT IS DEFLECTED OFF A DEFENDER  AND IN.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00044-00003803-00003930 IT IS DEFLECTED OFF A DEFENDER  AND IN. THAT TIES IT UP.
VemwOJuxcr0-00045-00003930-00003937 AND IN. THAT TIES IT UP.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00046-00003937-00004134 AND IN. THAT TIES IT UP. EACH TEAM GOT 1 IN THE THIRD.
VemwOJuxcr0-00047-00004134-00004140 THAT TIES IT UP. EACH TEAM GOT 1 IN THE THIRD.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00048-00004140-00004711 THAT TIES IT UP. EACH TEAM GOT 1 IN THE THIRD. 3 ON 3 OVERTIME.
VemwOJuxcr0-00049-00004711-00004718 EACH TEAM GOT 1 IN THE THIRD. 3 ON 3 OVERTIME.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00050-00004718-00004828 EACH TEAM GOT 1 IN THE THIRD. 3 ON 3 OVERTIME. THERE'S A SCORE.
VemwOJuxcr0-00051-00004828-00004834 3 ON 3 OVERTIME. THERE'S A SCORE.  
VemwOJuxcr0-00052-00004834-00004978 3 ON 3 OVERTIME. THERE'S A SCORE. BSU GETS THAT CRITICAL SECOND 
VfiEyOn8LVc-00000-00000156-00000464 A METHOD OF A CLOAK.
VfiEyOn8LVc-00001-00000464-00001203 A single climb to a line, a straight exchange to a cane, a
VfiEyOn8LVc-00002-00001203-00001653 desperate adventure and courage and a clock, all this which
VfiEyOn8LVc-00003-00001653-00002177 is a system, which has feeling, which has resignation and
VfiEyOn8LVc-00004-00002177-00003046 success, all makes an attractive black silver.
Vg8awJmg_Zg-00001-00027477-00028357 seeing my secret message.
VjPYqEHAwBE-00000-00000563-00000730 Hi, this is Claire!
VjPYqEHAwBE-00001-00000730-00001031 I turned on the camera to show you 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00002-00001031-00001394 my daily skincare routine at night.
VjPYqEHAwBE-00003-00001394-00001581 I just took a shower,
VjPYqEHAwBE-00004-00001581-00001898 so I think I need to put something on it, so I'll put on the toner pad first
VjPYqEHAwBE-00005-00001898-00002182 so I think I need to put something on it, so I'll put on the toner pad first
VjPYqEHAwBE-00006-00002182-00002442 This is Mediheal Collagen Ampoule Pad. 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00007-00002442-00002665 There are long tongs inside 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00008-00002665-00003046 and the part where the tongs are fixed is very firm
VjPYqEHAwBE-00009-00003046-00003563 But I don't use tongs often, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00010-00003563-00003837 so I put it back in, grab it with my hand, and put it on both cheeks and on my forehead
VjPYqEHAwBE-00011-00003837-00004397 There are two toner pads that I use at night. 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00012-00004397-00004557 I'll dry my hair first and introduce them to you,
VjPYqEHAwBE-00013-00004557-00004761 After sticking it on, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00014-00004761-00005011 I put on hair essence and dry my hair
VjPYqEHAwBE-00015-00005011-00005218 I'm using this hair essence these days
VjPYqEHAwBE-00016-00005218-00005438 I got this from somewhere before...
VjPYqEHAwBE-00017-00005438-00005835 It's simple and smells good, so I keep using it
VjPYqEHAwBE-00018-00005835-00006259 But I'm tired of using it because the amount doesn't decrease.
VjPYqEHAwBE-00019-00006259-00006603 I don't use conditioner or treatment, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00020-00006603-00007037 so I pump the hair essence four times
VjPYqEHAwBE-00021-00007037-00007357 It's a floral scent and it's very gentle,
VjPYqEHAwBE-00022-00007357-00007717 so I don't think you'll like it or hate it. It's very comfortable
VjPYqEHAwBE-00023-00007717-00008128 But when I use it in the morning, it feels oily.
VjPYqEHAwBE-00024-00008128-00008425 When I wash my hair before going out, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00025-00008425-00008815 I use this L'Oreal Pearl Serum.
VjPYqEHAwBE-00026-00008815-00009272 It's much lighter and fresher, and it doesn't get oily even if you use it on dry hair!
VjPYqEHAwBE-00027-00009272-00009426 I'm going to dry my hair
VjPYqEHAwBE-00028-00009636-00009939 And take off the pad that I put on
VjPYqEHAwBE-00029-00009939-00010503 The Mediheal pad is too wasteful to use just for wiping
VjPYqEHAwBE-00030-00010503-00010834 So, I always use a face mask
VjPYqEHAwBE-00031-00010834-00011381 When I needed toner to wipe it off, I used Edit.B artemisia pad
VjPYqEHAwBE-00032-00011381-00011524 I'm almost done with this pad
VjPYqEHAwBE-00033-00011524-00011888 This Edit B pad is very gentle and normal type
VjPYqEHAwBE-00034-00011888-00012052 So when you wipe it off,
VjPYqEHAwBE-00035-00012052-00012459 it doesn't irritate your skin and it calms your skin down. But one day, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00036-00012459-00012899 I opened it and found that it was dry
VjPYqEHAwBE-00037-00012899-00013223 I opened it and found that it was dry
VjPYqEHAwBE-00038-00013223-00013676 So it's not enough to use as a pack, so I only use it as a wipe and when I dry my hair, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00039-00013676-00014144 I put on the Mediheal collagen pad
VjPYqEHAwBE-00040-00014144-00014634 The square shape is good to stick on and the pad is really soft
VjPYqEHAwBE-00041-00014634-00014944 There are four types including the collagen pad. 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00042-00014944-00015238 Personally, I like the collagen pad the most
VjPYqEHAwBE-00043-00015238-00015425 It absorbs well
VjPYqEHAwBE-00044-00015425-00015615 For morning skin care, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00045-00015615-00016176 I'm still using three Beplain that I showed you before
VjPYqEHAwBE-00046-00016176-00016543 I'm tired of using the same thing at night
VjPYqEHAwBE-00047-00016543-00016663 So I was thinking about what to use for dinner 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00048-00016663-00017013 and found this combination
VjPYqEHAwBE-00049-00017013-00017297 It's from the Monday Museum
VjPYqEHAwBE-00050-00017297-00017650 The reviews on Instagram were really good
VjPYqEHAwBE-00051-00017650-00018024 They sent it to me as a gift, and I used it the day after I used it,
VjPYqEHAwBE-00052-00018024-00018191 and my skin was amazing
VjPYqEHAwBE-00053-00018191-00018551 So I like it, so I keep using it. The texture is very light
VjPYqEHAwBE-00054-00018551-00019015 It's an ampoule that cleans up excess sebum
VjPYqEHAwBE-00055-00019015-00019436 and waste and makes your skin smooth
VjPYqEHAwBE-00056-00019436-00019669 It has exfoliating ingredients,
VjPYqEHAwBE-00057-00019669-00020133 so I don't use it in the morning and I only use it at night
VjPYqEHAwBE-00058-00020133-00020273 It kind of smells like tingling
VjPYqEHAwBE-00059-00020273-00020363 It kind of smells like tingling
VjPYqEHAwBE-00060-00020363-00020704 So if you're sensitive to scents, it might bother you a lot
VjPYqEHAwBE-00061-00020704-00021154 It's very clean and absorbs quickly, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00062-00021154-00021481 so it's not that moist
VjPYqEHAwBE-00063-00021481-00021661 When I use the ampoule,
VjPYqEHAwBE-00064-00021661-00022045 I feel like my skin is going to dry quickly
VjPYqEHAwBE-00065-00022045-00022375 근데 이 크림을 위에다가 덧바르면 싹 해결 돼요
VjPYqEHAwBE-00066-00022375-00022662 This is one of the products that I was really curious about.
VjPYqEHAwBE-00067-00022662-00023323 I think they did a lot of viral for a while
VjPYqEHAwBE-00068-00023323-00023847 This cream has an elasticity effect and the texture is very unique
VjPYqEHAwBE-00069-00023847-00024074 There are capsules inside
VjPYqEHAwBE-00070-00024074-00024627 It's a cream with a special texture that's filled with botox ingredients, borpyrin, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00071-00024627-00025068 and it seeps in smoothly and gives a firm finish
VjPYqEHAwBE-00072-00025068-00025415 when I use cream, I don't use a spatula, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00073-00025415-00025859 but this one doesn't come off evenly when I open it with my hand, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00074-00025859-00025992 so I need a spatula and I don't need to apply a lot
VjPYqEHAwBE-00075-00025992-00026419 Put a small amount on both cheeks, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00076-00026419-00026653 rub it, melt the capsule, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00077-00026653-00027067 and use the remaining one to draw it to your forehead and chin
VjPYqEHAwBE-00078-00027067-00027540 The texture is kind of chewy and the name is wrapping cream, right
VjPYqEHAwBE-00079-00027540-00027837 It has a glow that looks like it's covered like that
VjPYqEHAwBE-00080-00027837-00028024 If you apply a lot at once,
VjPYqEHAwBE-00081-00028024-00028475 it may feel like the absorption is slow and it's not absorb easily
VjPYqEHAwBE-00082-00028475-00028865 I think it's best to divide it into half of the amount of cream you normally use 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00083-00028865-00029219 and apply it two or three times
VjPYqEHAwBE-00084-00029219-00029345 If you press it like this to absorb it, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00085-00029345-00029763 it feels more chewy
VjPYqEHAwBE-00086-00029763-00030126 When I look at my skin condition,
VjPYqEHAwBE-00087-00030126-00030540 I usually apply it twice or three times when I apply a lot,
VjPYqEHAwBE-00088-00030540-00030854 I don't think it's that heavy
VjPYqEHAwBE-00089-00030854-00031241 So I'll do it one more time and put it on
VjPYqEHAwBE-00090-00031241-00031775 As soon as I tried it on, I liked it so much that I posted it on Instagram Story
VjPYqEHAwBE-00091-00031775-00031951 There were so many DM! 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00092-00031951-00032248 People who used this are saying that it's so nice...
VjPYqEHAwBE-00093-00032248-00032555 I guess everyone knew about this item
VjPYqEHAwBE-00094-00032555-00032876 And in the case of creams with capsules, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00095-00032876-00033143 there are times when capsules don't break
VjPYqEHAwBE-00096-00033143-00033503 But this capsule feels very soft
VjPYqEHAwBE-00097-00033503-00034030 And it's a type that makes your skin elastic with the capsules bursting, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00098-00034030-00034414 so it's good to apply when you do a  massage
VjPYqEHAwBE-00099-00034414-00034841 But since it's oily, I thought it was too much when I used it in the morning
VjPYqEHAwBE-00100-00034841-00035095 But since it's oily, I thought it was too much when I used it in the morning
VjPYqEHAwBE-00101-00035095-00035578 I think it's perfect for people with really dry skin to use in the morning
VjPYqEHAwBE-00102-00035578-00035965 Before I dry my hair, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00103-00035965-00036212 I stayed in my natural state for a long time, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00104-00036212-00036373 so I'll apply it one more time
VjPYqEHAwBE-00105-00036373-00036589 I use the peeling ampoule and the koi cream, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00106-00036589-00036946 when I wake up the next morning, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00107-00036946-00037207 skin doesn't get oily, not too dry, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00108-00037207-00037450 and skin feels smooth and firm
VjPYqEHAwBE-00109-00037450-00037717 and skin feels smooth and firm
VjPYqEHAwBE-00110-00037717-00038101 Even if I can't do this, I thought it would cost at least 100,000 won. 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00111-00038101-00038491 The nutrition was so good
VjPYqEHAwBE-00112-00038491-00038902 But when I looked it up, it was cheaper than I thought, so I was really surprised
VjPYqEHAwBE-00113-00038902-00039299 For those who are looking for elasticity care that doesn't feel tight, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00114-00039299-00039589 or for those who have dry and dry skin, I think it's worth using it
VjPYqEHAwBE-00115-00039589-00039889 or for those who have dry and dry skin, I think it's worth using it
VjPYqEHAwBE-00116-00039889-00040076 It's not the end. I put on eye cream
VjPYqEHAwBE-00117-00040076-00040463 I was a person who didn't in eye cream
VjPYqEHAwBE-00118-00040463-00040787 But I'm using this..My eyes are so dry..
VjPYqEHAwBE-00119-00040787-00041174 This is Kiehl's eye cream, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00120-00041174-00041534 it's too much, so it doesn't shrink
VjPYqEHAwBE-00121-00041534-00041831 I don't know about improving wrinkles honestly
VjPYqEHAwBE-00122-00041831-00042052 But it's a very buttuery type, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00123-00042052-00042459 so it keeps the moisture around eyes for a long time
VjPYqEHAwBE-00124-00042459-00042729 So if you're in your early 20s and you want to use eye cream,
VjPYqEHAwBE-00125-00042729-00042936 I think it's worth using!
VjPYqEHAwBE-00126-00042936-00043179 This is the end of my skincare routine.
VjPYqEHAwBE-00127-00043179-00043463 I always apply this before I go to bed
VjPYqEHAwBE-00128-00043463-00043630 This moisturizing nose balm!
VjPYqEHAwBE-00129-00043630-00044264 I bought it at vegan festa in last year
VjPYqEHAwBE-00130-00044264-00044707 My nose is really dry because I have allergies and rhinitis
VjPYqEHAwBE-00131-00044707-00045031 I used Vaseline before.
VjPYqEHAwBE-00132-00045031-00045241 It's a bit expensive but I bought it last year
VjPYqEHAwBE-00133-00045241-00045355 And it's too good!
VjPYqEHAwBE-00134-00045355-00045939 After applying this, my nose hasn't been itchy for half a year
VjPYqEHAwBE-00135-00045939-00046142 Put this on a cotton swab 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00136-00046142-00046559 and put it on the inside of nose
VjPYqEHAwBE-00137-00046673-00047217 Like this, I finished my evening skincare routine
VjPYqEHAwBE-00138-00047217-00047420 If you have any questions about the products I showed you today, 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00139-00047420-00047801 please feel free to leave comments
VjPYqEHAwBE-00140-00047801-00048104 Thank you for watching this video. 
VjPYqEHAwBE-00141-00048104-00048381 I should go to bed now
VjPYqEHAwBE-00142-00048381-00048568 See you in next video, bye!
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00000-00000918-00001026 Hi, I'm Julia.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00001-00001026-00001140 Hi, I'm Danny.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00002-00001140-00001478 And today we're going to talk about Mars in a Box !
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00003-00001478-00001614 Experiment number eight
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00004-00001614-00001902 Coding Mars: Temperatures on the surface of Mars.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00005-00001902-00002226 For this experiment, you need a computer, Internet connection
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00006-00002226-00002611 and a Python script called “plot_GCM_temperature.pi”
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00007-00002622-00002934 First, you need to install “Pycharm community free version”
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00008-00002934-00003012 from this link.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00009-00003156-00003390 I will download the Mac version for my Mac.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00010-00003774-00003990 And here is the downloaded file
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00011-00003990-00004164 so to install it, double click it.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00012-00004332-00004560 If you're using Mac, track it to applications
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00013-00005361-00005585 Now it's ready to be used
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00014-00005585-00005790 so, go to applications and open the app.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00015-00006768-00006984 And let's open the provided file.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00016-00007692-00007956 so “plot_GCM_temperature.pi”
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00017-00007956-00008118 Double click it to open it.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00018-00008340-00008572 Here is what is inside the file.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00019-00008572-00008862 So first we will have to check
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00020-00008862-00009192 that we have all the necessary packages installed.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00021-00009258-00009492 We need matplotlib and numpy
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00022-00009492-00009858 and to check the packages go to python packages below
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00023-00009858-00010158 and search for the package on matplotlib
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00024-00010482-00010620 It is not installed
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00025-00010620-00010854 so to install it, click the install button.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00026-00011226-00011424 And let's do the same for numpy.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00027-00011694-00011952 It is installed so we are now all good to go.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00028-00012036-00012186 So here is the code.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00029-00012186-00012492 The gray lines are commented lines.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00030-00012612-00012954 Here first, we have the date at local times for LS 90.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00031-00012954-00013044 What this means
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00032-00013140-00013397 LS is solar longitude
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00033-00013397-00013668 and it describes the parts of the planet around the sun.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00034-00013668-00013866 So it starts at LS 0 degrees.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00035-00013866-00014034 This is the spring equinox.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00036-00014034-00014454 So at LS 90
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00037-00014454-00014784 is the northern summer
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00038-00014784-00015162 and at LS 270 is the northern winter.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00039-00015318-00015569 Here first we have local times for
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00040-00015569-00015756 northern summer, so LS 90.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00041-00015756-00015900 We also have temperatures
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00042-00015900-00016224 for northern summer at LS 90.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00043-00016224-00016422 So these are in Kelvins and these are
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00044-00016422-00016692 temperatures close to the surface at the equator.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00045-00016794-00017088 Similarly, we have local times for northern winter
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00046-00017088-00017250 and temperatures for northern winter.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00047-00017328-00017580 And what the code does is
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00048-00017580-00017748 it plots the temperatures.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00049-00017808-00018090 First, we want to plot the temperatures in Celsius
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00050-00018090-00018600 so we need to convert the Kelvins to Celsius.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00051-00018600-00018968 So we have to subtract
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00052-00018968-00019188 273.15
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00053-00019332-00019542 and to run the code
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00054-00019542-00019902 click on the green play button.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00055-00020166-00020316 And here we have the figure
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00056-00020448-00020778 and you can see the orange curve is
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00057-00020778-00021084 the air temperature at LS 270.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00058-00021084-00021216 So this is the northern winter
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00059-00021216-00021696 and the blue curve is the temperature at LS 90.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00060-00021696-00021966 So this is not in summer and
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00061-00021966-00022164 temperatures at the equator.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00062-00022224-00022434 Now you can see that
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00063-00022434-00022788 the temperatures are much higher.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00064-00022860-00023148 So it's a warmer during a northern winter
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00065-00023148-00023292 than during northern summer.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00066-00023292-00023754 And why this is is because during northern summer
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00067-00023754-00024072 Mars is further away from the sun.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00068-00024072-00024246 So it's closer to aphelion
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00069-00024246-00024480 which is the furthest point
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00070-00024480-00024798 Mars goes on its orbit from the sun.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00071-00024798-00025062 And during the northern winter
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00072-00025062-00025242 Mars is closer to the sun
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00073-00025242-00025380 so it's close to perihelion
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00074-00025380-00025644 which is the closest point from the sun
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00075-00025644-00025836 that Mars goes on its orbit.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00076-00026033-00026400 Now, we can also do the plotting in Kelvins
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00077-00026400-00026676 so we have to modify this code a little bit.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00078-00026676-00026856 You have to combine this part
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00079-00026933-00027048 and this part.
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00080-00027162-00027336 Now we are going straight to Kelvins
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00081-00027402-00027630 and also modify that
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00082-00027744-00028020 axis label to Kelvins
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00083-00028020-00028158 and to run the code again
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00084-00028158-00028422 click to the green play button
VnWAq7MCYYQ-00085-00028506-00028830 and now we have to plot also in Kelvins
W3LurvMoo3k-00000-00000120-00000664 In this slideshow i start by discussing the demands and capacities model of stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00001-00000720-00001328 which proposes that stammering occurs when the demands placed upon a person to communicate
W3LurvMoo3k-00002-00001328-00001976 exceed their capacity to fulfill those demands. i then outline some stammering statistics
W3LurvMoo3k-00003-00002048-00002688 including the age when stammering symptoms most often appear its prevalence in the population and
W3LurvMoo3k-00004-00002688-00003279 the factors that are known to influence whether or not it will develop into a disorder and persist.
W3LurvMoo3k-00005-00003447-00003984 i then discuss evidence which clarifies the extent to which stammering is likely to be genetically
W3LurvMoo3k-00006-00003984-00004712 inherited and i discuss some of the environmental factors which may play important roles in its
W3LurvMoo3k-00007-00004712-00005440 onset and then finally i discuss how a vicious circle may develop whereby stammering may become
W3LurvMoo3k-00008-00005440-00006024 self-sustaining even after the factors that first caused it to develop are no longer present.
W3LurvMoo3k-00009-00006336-00006895 With regard to the causes of stammering perhaps the first thing that needs to be said is that
W3LurvMoo3k-00010-00006895-00007392 although it's evident that there are many things that predispose people to stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00011-00007392-00007872 researchers have not been able to identify any one single cause or factor
W3LurvMoo3k-00012-00007872-00008216 that's always present before a person starts to stammer.
W3LurvMoo3k-00013-00008328-00008968 nevertheless it's widely believed that people who stammer have some or other underlying weaknesses
W3LurvMoo3k-00014-00008968-00009600 that limit their ability to reliably produce speech that's appropriate and well-formed enough
W3LurvMoo3k-00015-00009600-00010176 for some of the more demanding speaking situations that they encounter in their everyday lives.
W3LurvMoo3k-00016-00010352-00010848 in this regard stammering is sometimes described as a capacities and demands issue
W3LurvMoo3k-00017-00010912-00011424 in as much as it appears to occur when the demands of the speaking situation appear to
W3LurvMoo3k-00018-00011424-00012216 exceed the speaker's capacity to fulfill them. for example most families have no difficulty
W3LurvMoo3k-00019-00012216-00012824 speaking to themselves without stammering when they believe that no one's listening and most have
W3LurvMoo3k-00020-00012824-00013360 relatively little difficulty speaking fluently in situations where they really don't care how
W3LurvMoo3k-00021-00013360-00013919 their speech sounds but in situations where they perceive a need to speak well
W3LurvMoo3k-00022-00013919-00014456 and in situations where the subject matter isn't is complicated and they don't want to make any
W3LurvMoo3k-00023-00014456-00015176 mistakes they're far more likely to stammer so essentially we're most likely to stammer when
W3LurvMoo3k-00024-00015176-00015768 there's a gap between our capacity and what we perceive are the demands of the speaking situation
W3LurvMoo3k-00025-00015912-00016480 when we talk about the causes of stammering really we're talking about the things that cause this gap
W3LurvMoo3k-00026-00016592-00017120 and in most individuals who stammer there are likely to be several factors that coincide or come
W3LurvMoo3k-00027-00017120-00017880 together to cause it in the slides that follow i want to discuss what some of these factors are
W3LurvMoo3k-00028-00017944-00018696 and how they may interact with each other to cause stammering i'll start by discussing the
W3LurvMoo3k-00029-00018696-00019296 predisposing factors or risk factors that are known to be associated with an increased risk
W3LurvMoo3k-00030-00019296-00019928 of developing a persistent stammer all of these risk factors are clearly presented in this chart
W3LurvMoo3k-00031-00019992-00020424 which i've copied and pasted from the website of the stuttering foundation of america
W3LurvMoo3k-00032-00020536-00021168 in it the fact is listed in order of importance with the most important one having a family
W3LurvMoo3k-00033-00021168-00021824 history of stammering at the top these risk factors are cumulative which means that the
W3LurvMoo3k-00034-00021824-00022416 more boxes a child ticks the more they'll be predisposed to developing a persistent stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00035-00022520-00022976 it's a useful exercise to remember back to your own early childhood and see how many
W3LurvMoo3k-00036-00022976-00023504 of these boxes you would have ticked do bear in mind however that it's quite possible to
W3LurvMoo3k-00037-00023504-00024152 be subject to all of these risk factors and yet never to actually develop a persistent stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00038-00024392-00025064 many children indeed perhaps all children produce some stammering symptoms as they're learning to
W3LurvMoo3k-00039-00025064-00025720 speak and as a language and speech production skills are developing in the vast majority of
W3LurvMoo3k-00040-00025720-00026439 children these symptoms don't develop into a persistent stammer moreover even if they do
W3LurvMoo3k-00041-00026504-00027183 that doesn't automatically imply that that person will suffer from a persistent stammering disorder
W3LurvMoo3k-00042-00027288-00027872 by which i mean stammering or fear of stammering that significantly impedes that person's ability
W3LurvMoo3k-00043-00027872-00028432 to communicate verbally and has a significant negative impact on their quality of life
W3LurvMoo3k-00044-00028639-00029264 stammering frequently runs in families and the most significant risk factor for developing a
W3LurvMoo3k-00045-00029264-00029895 stammer is having a family history of stammering especially one or more first degree relatives
W3LurvMoo3k-00046-00029895-00030656 that is brothers sisters or parents who stammer moreover the risk is higher for children who have
W3LurvMoo3k-00047-00030656-00031216 relatives who still stammer and relatives who stammering persisted over a long period of time
W3LurvMoo3k-00048-00031360-00031704 studies that have investigated this issue have found that between
W3LurvMoo3k-00049-00031704-00032272 30 and 60 percent of people who spammer have one or more family members who stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00050-00032456-00032984 whereas less than 10 of normally fluent speakers have a family member who stammers
W3LurvMoo3k-00051-00033136-00033600 i'll put a reference at the end of this slideshow to a review of these studies
W3LurvMoo3k-00052-00033600-00034672 that was carried out in 2011 by shelly kraft and erhud yeri the second predisposing factor is age
W3LurvMoo3k-00053-00034736-00035248 contrary to what many people think children never stammer when they first start to speak
W3LurvMoo3k-00054-00035368-00035920 usually the first symptoms of spamming start after they've begun to join words together to produce
W3LurvMoo3k-00055-00035920-00036480 short phrases and children are most likely to start producing symptoms of stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00056-00036480-00036712 when they're between two and four years of age
W3LurvMoo3k-00057-00036896-00037432 the clearest information on this comes from two large-scale studies that followed whole
W3LurvMoo3k-00058-00037432-00038232 populations of young children for several years the first study carried out by hans manson on the
W3LurvMoo3k-00059-00038232-00039152 island of bourne home in denmark investigated 928 children born on the island in the years 1995-96
W3LurvMoo3k-00060-00039352-00040072 mountain found that by three years of age 18 of children showed some symptoms of stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00061-00040256-00040640 in most of these children the symptoms disappeared after a few weeks or months
W3LurvMoo3k-00062-00040752-00041560 and then by nine years of age 94 had recovered leaving a prevalence of about 1.1
W3LurvMoo3k-00063-00041824-00042504 the second study carried out by sheena riley and her co-workers at the university of victoria in
W3LurvMoo3k-00064-00042504-00043336 melbourne australia followed 1910 children from approximately nine months old onwards
W3LurvMoo3k-00065-00043488-00044160 they found that by four years of age 11.8 percent of the children in their study had started
W3LurvMoo3k-00066-00044160-00045024 to show symptoms of stammering again after a few years most of these children had fully recovered
W3LurvMoo3k-00067-00045024-00045544 both of these two studies counted all stammering symptoms even if they only
W3LurvMoo3k-00068-00045544-00046088 lasted a few days and consequently many of the children who were identified as stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00069-00046088-00046640 never actually showed any signs of being disturbed by their stammering or even being aware of it
W3LurvMoo3k-00070-00046800-00047400 in contrast most older studies only counted children whose spammering symptoms persisted
W3LurvMoo3k-00071-00047400-00048040 for at least six months and had become a source of concern at least for the parents if not for
W3LurvMoo3k-00072-00048040-00048632 the children as well as one might expect these older studies have tended to identify
W3LurvMoo3k-00073-00048632-00049184 a smaller percentage of children as stammering the most common finding of these older studies
W3LurvMoo3k-00074-00049288-00049872 being that around five percent of two to four year old children have produced damn ring symptoms
W3LurvMoo3k-00075-00049872-00050432 that have persisted for at least six months and that in about eighty percent of these children
W3LurvMoo3k-00076-00050504-00050896 the symptoms then spontaneously disappeared as they grew older
W3LurvMoo3k-00077-00051032-00051567 as a result these studies found that around one percent of children continue to stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00078-00051567-00052191 into adulthood which is more or less the same percentage as manson had found in his study
W3LurvMoo3k-00079-00052336-00053008 it isn't clear why stammering symptoms are so common between two and four years of age
W3LurvMoo3k-00080-00053112-00053616 however this is a time when children's language abilities are developing at a very fast rate
W3LurvMoo3k-00081-00053688-00054144 and during this period of fast development they tend to make a lot of speech errors
W3LurvMoo3k-00082-00054144-00054632 and tend to be relatively disfluent around two and a half years of age
W3LurvMoo3k-00083-00054632-00055232 children also begin to monitor and regulate their own speech to make it more socially appropriate
W3LurvMoo3k-00084-00055344-00055912 so they may tend to become more self-conscious of their speech errors and disfluencies at this age
W3LurvMoo3k-00085-00056120-00056496 although it's most common for symptoms of stammering to appear in early childhood
W3LurvMoo3k-00086-00056576-00057248 the later they appear the more likely they are to persist and standing that first appears after the
W3LurvMoo3k-00087-00057248-00057840 age of three and a half is more likely to persist than stammering that appears before that age
W3LurvMoo3k-00088-00057960-00058544 again it's not clear why this is the case although the onset of symptoms is generally much more
W3LurvMoo3k-00089-00058544-00059232 traumatic and unsettling for older children than it is for young children and the older one is when
W3LurvMoo3k-00090-00059232-00060024 the symptoms begin the more likely one is to react to them with fear and avoidance as i'll discuss
W3LurvMoo3k-00091-00060024-00060744 in subsequent slideshows such reactions may increase the likelihood of its symptoms persisting
W3LurvMoo3k-00092-00060896-00061440 perhaps not surprisingly it's also been found that the longer a child's stammering goes on for
W3LurvMoo3k-00093-00061496-00062288 the more likely it is to persist the third most important predisposing factor is gender
W3LurvMoo3k-00094-00062408-00062960 around two and a half years of age the prevalence of stammering is about equal in both boys and
W3LurvMoo3k-00095-00062960-00063728 girls however as time goes on girls are far more likely to recover than boys by six years of age
W3LurvMoo3k-00096-00063784-00064296 stammering symptoms are about three times more likely to occur in boys than in girls
W3LurvMoo3k-00097-00064424-00064879 and then in adults the male-to-female ratio increases still further
W3LurvMoo3k-00098-00064879-00065512 and studies of adults who stammer have found it to be between four and six times more common in men
W3LurvMoo3k-00099-00065672-00066312 currently it's not known why this is so however it's worth noting that boys generally tend to
W3LurvMoo3k-00100-00066312-00066744 lag behind girls somewhat in their speech and language development and their verbal
W3LurvMoo3k-00101-00066744-00067184 communication abilities are generally less robust and more prone to dysfunction
W3LurvMoo3k-00102-00067336-00067992 thus preschool-aged boys are more susceptible to other developmental disorders as well such
W3LurvMoo3k-00103-00067992-00068568 as autism speech delay specific language impairment and phonological impairment
W3LurvMoo3k-00104-00068728-00069176 boys are also more likely to suffer head injuries than girls and as i'll discuss
W3LurvMoo3k-00105-00069176-00069872 later there's a subset of mainly boys who stammer whose stammering began following head injuries
W3LurvMoo3k-00106-00070088-00070624 it is however possible that the male to female ratio is not as great as studies have suggested
W3LurvMoo3k-00107-00070704-00071296 because there are reasons to believe that more females who stammer may try to hide it than males
W3LurvMoo3k-00108-00071392-00071816 so it's possible that many cases of stammering in females go unreported
W3LurvMoo3k-00109-00072144-00072480 the next risk factor is the tendency to make speech errors
W3LurvMoo3k-00110-00072656-00073272 for over 10 years a group of researchers headed by ann smith at purdue university
W3LurvMoo3k-00111-00073272-00073776 have been comparing the language and speech motor control abilities in young children who
W3LurvMoo3k-00112-00073776-00074696 stammer and in age and gender matched controls in 2015 bridget walsh and co-workers from this group
W3LurvMoo3k-00113-00074760-00075368 published a paper entitled speech motor planning and execution deficits in early childhood
W3LurvMoo3k-00114-00075528-00076168 in this paper they they described a key finding from their research namely that boys who stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00115-00076168-00076824 tend to have less precise articulation and tend to make more speech errors than girls who stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00116-00076824-00077472 and normally fluent children these differences were also present when they were not stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00117-00077592-00077816 to clarify here's a quote from their paper
W3LurvMoo3k-00118-00077992-00078624 we obtained data from over a hundred preschool children including 58 children who stutter
W3LurvMoo3k-00119-00078728-00079048 allowing us to examine sex differences within each group
W3LurvMoo3k-00120-00079224-00079664 we found that boys who started produce speech with significantly reduced movement
W3LurvMoo3k-00121-00079664-00080280 aptitudes and velocities and less coordinated articulate articulatory movement patterns
W3LurvMoo3k-00122-00080448-00081120 girls who stutter did not differ from their fluent peers on these speech motor measures thus
W3LurvMoo3k-00123-00081120-00081832 at age four to five years boys but not girls who stutter are significantly lagging their normally
W3LurvMoo3k-00124-00081832-00082616 fluent peers in speech motor maturation they further added it's important to note that the
W3LurvMoo3k-00125-00082616-00083312 majority of girls in our stuttering group unlike the boys exhibited articulatory characteristics
W3LurvMoo3k-00126-00083312-00083888 that were on the par with their non-stuttering peers it seems reasonable to suggest that the
W3LurvMoo3k-00127-00083888-00084448 earlier maturation of central speech motor control networks in girls who stutter compared
W3LurvMoo3k-00128-00084448-00085064 to boys is a significant factor in the greater probability for girls to recover from stuttering
W3LurvMoo3k-00129-00085232-00085808 although it wasn't possible for the researchers to confirm this it's likely that some or all of
W3LurvMoo3k-00130-00085808-00086456 these phonological and articulatory weaknesses were already present in the boys who stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00131-00086456-00087224 before they started stammering in 2014 purdue's stuttering project members
W3LurvMoo3k-00132-00087224-00087864 caroline spencer and christine weber fox published the findings from a separate study that had
W3LurvMoo3k-00133-00087864-00088552 followed a group of 40 children who spammer over a four year period in order to investigate which
W3LurvMoo3k-00134-00088552-00089096 if any language and speech measures were associated with a lower chance of recovery
W3LurvMoo3k-00135-00089208-00089840 their main finding was that stammering children with weaker consonant production abilities and
W3LurvMoo3k-00136-00089840-00090624 weaker non-word repetition abilities were less likely to recover the non-words used were made
W3LurvMoo3k-00137-00090624-00091560 up of novel combinations of english sounds such as rubid comoline and de fermication it's not
W3LurvMoo3k-00138-00091560-00092128 known why these phonological and articulatory weaknesses are associated with poorer chances of
W3LurvMoo3k-00139-00092128-00092752 recovery from stammering however it's noteworthy that children with these weaknesses often struggle
W3LurvMoo3k-00140-00092752-00093296 to make themselves understood to listeners and may find verbal communication difficult
W3LurvMoo3k-00141-00093432-00094024 the finding that children who stammer are less proficient at copying novel combinations of sounds
W3LurvMoo3k-00142-00094024-00094536 is particularly interesting in light of another recent finding which i'll discuss later in this
W3LurvMoo3k-00143-00094536-00095216 slideshow of a brain abnormality in children who stammer which may cause them to have difficulty
W3LurvMoo3k-00144-00095216-00095800 associating the sounds they hear with the muscle movements required to reproduce those sounds
W3LurvMoo3k-00145-00095928-00096440 the abnormality is a deficiency of white matter in the tract connecting the auditory
W3LurvMoo3k-00146-00096440-00097184 and motor parts of the brain the next risk factor for stammering mentioned in the list
W3LurvMoo3k-00147-00097184-00097912 is abnormal language abilities for many years there's been a controversy regarding whether
W3LurvMoo3k-00148-00097912-00098608 or not children who spammer have weaker language abilities there are theoretical reasons to believe
W3LurvMoo3k-00149-00098608-00099128 that they might have but researchers have not been able to back this up with consistent evidence
W3LurvMoo3k-00150-00099304-00100072 in 2012 marilyn nippled from the university of oregon published a review that she had conducted
W3LurvMoo3k-00151-00100072-00100416 in which she had assessed all the peer-reviewed published papers
W3LurvMoo3k-00152-00100472-00100880 that had investigated whether or not there were any differences
W3LurvMoo3k-00153-00100880-00101304 in the language abilities of children who stammer and children who don't stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00154-00101584-00101952 although a number of these papers claim to have found evidence that children who
W3LurvMoo3k-00155-00101952-00102608 stammer have weaker language abilities on closer examination all of these claims proved to be
W3LurvMoo3k-00156-00102608-00103544 unreliable in contrast the most reliable studies either found no differences at all or they found
W3LurvMoo3k-00157-00103544-00104056 that children who start to have slightly more advanced language abilities as was found by the
W3LurvMoo3k-00158-00104056-00104664 large-scale study carried out by sheena riley in australia that i mentioned in the previous slide
W3LurvMoo3k-00159-00104816-00105504 specifically the reilly study found that at four years of age children who stutter quote
W3LurvMoo3k-00160-00105504-00105911 on average displayed better receptive and expressive language
W3LurvMoo3k-00161-00105911-00106432 and non-verbal intelligence at outcome than their non-stuttering counterparts
W3LurvMoo3k-00162-00106583-00107048 interestingly the reidy study also found that the mothers of children who stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00163-00107048-00107624 had a significantly higher level of education than the mothers of children who don't stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00164-00107752-00108111 perhaps this might partially explain why the children who stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00165-00108111-00108832 have more advanced language skills in this regard a number of researchers have proposed
W3LurvMoo3k-00166-00108832-00109392 that children with precocious language abilities might be at risk of spammering because the
W3LurvMoo3k-00167-00109392-00109992 more complex utterances they produce tend to require a higher level of speech motor control
W3LurvMoo3k-00168-00109992-00110535 to execute them and perhaps such children's speech motor control abilities
W3LurvMoo3k-00169-00110535-00111111 are not yet sufficiently developed to enable them to express that complex level of language
W3LurvMoo3k-00170-00111456-00112111 as i mentioned previously studies have repeatedly shown that one of the biggest risk factors or
W3LurvMoo3k-00171-00112111-00112616 predisposing factors for stammering is having other family members who stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00172-00112728-00113208 however this doesn't necessarily imply that spam ring is passed on genetically
W3LurvMoo3k-00173-00113264-00113768 because people who live in the same family tend to be subjected to similar experiences
W3LurvMoo3k-00174-00113768-00114352 and environmental conditions and often tend to share similar values and beliefs
W3LurvMoo3k-00175-00114535-00115056 as it happens researchers have been able to calculate the size of the role
W3LurvMoo3k-00176-00115056-00115624 that genetics actually plays in stammering by investigating families who have twins
W3LurvMoo3k-00177-00115744-00116432 and by investigating how frequently if one of the twins has a stammer the other twin also stammers
W3LurvMoo3k-00178-00116576-00117256 the technical term for this is the concordance rate and it's particularly useful to compare
W3LurvMoo3k-00179-00117256-00117880 the concordance rates for stammering in identical compared to in non-identical twins
W3LurvMoo3k-00180-00118040-00118624 the concordance rate refers to the frequency with which a particular condition occurs in
W3LurvMoo3k-00181-00118624-00119224 both twins as opposed to just in one of the two so for example a concordance rate of 100
W3LurvMoo3k-00182-00119335-00119920 means that if one of the twins has that condition then in a hundred percent of cases the other twin
W3LurvMoo3k-00183-00119920-00120520 will have it as well the reason that concordance rate statistics are so revealing is because
W3LurvMoo3k-00184-00120520-00121288 identical twins both have exactly the same genes whereas in non-identical twins only fifty percent
W3LurvMoo3k-00185-00121288-00121944 of their genes are the same so if a condition is entirely inherited then the concordance rate for
W3LurvMoo3k-00186-00121944-00122544 that condition in identical twins would be a hundred percent whereas in non-identical twins
W3LurvMoo3k-00187-00122544-00123096 in other words in fraternal twins it would be substantially less than a hundred percent
W3LurvMoo3k-00188-00123256-00123792 if on the other hand that condition is caused entirely by environmental factors
W3LurvMoo3k-00189-00123848-00124335 in other words by what happens to you in your life and genes didn't play any
W3LurvMoo3k-00190-00124335-00124983 role at all then the concordance rates for that condition in identical and non-identical twins
W3LurvMoo3k-00191-00124983-00125440 would be very similar and in both cases it would be less than a hundred percent
W3LurvMoo3k-00192-00125600-00126288 in fact the actual concordance rates for stamrink in identical twins is around 50 percent
W3LurvMoo3k-00193-00126368-00127096 whereas in non-identical twins it's only around 15 the difference between these two percentages
W3LurvMoo3k-00194-00127096-00127728 clearly implies that genes play a major role in determining whether or not someone stammers
W3LurvMoo3k-00195-00127832-00128320 however the fact that the concordance rate in identical twins is less than a hundred percent
W3LurvMoo3k-00196-00128376-00129040 means that environmental factors do nevertheless also play an important role in causing stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00197-00129296-00129816 the most widely accepted interpretation of these statistics is that what's actually
W3LurvMoo3k-00198-00129816-00130552 inherited genetically is a predisposition towards stammering then whether or not that predisposition
W3LurvMoo3k-00199-00130552-00131176 subsequently leads to actual stammering depends on what happens to that person in their daily life
W3LurvMoo3k-00200-00131400-00131928 i should add that although it's widely believed that genes do play a major role in predisposing
W3LurvMoo3k-00201-00131928-00132520 people to stammering so far researchers have only been able to identify genes that are likely to be
W3LurvMoo3k-00202-00132520-00132984 associated with stammering in about five percent of the stammers they've studied
W3LurvMoo3k-00203-00133056-00133344 so this area of research still has a long way to go
W3LurvMoo3k-00204-00133632-00134296 it would be really nice if research could provide us with some clues as to what exactly it is that's
W3LurvMoo3k-00205-00134296-00134960 inherited that predisposes to stammering however so far such research has not come up with any
W3LurvMoo3k-00206-00134960-00135664 reliable findings bearing in mind that genetic studies have found more than one gene abnormality
W3LurvMoo3k-00207-00135664-00136224 that's associated with stem rink it seems likely that genes may cause a number of physical and
W3LurvMoo3k-00208-00136224-00136968 psychological differences that predispose to stammering whatever those differences may finally
W3LurvMoo3k-00209-00136968-00137520 turn out to be the fact that they're successfully passed on from generation to generation
W3LurvMoo3k-00210-00137616-00138152 suggests that in addition to predisposing to stammering they probably also result in
W3LurvMoo3k-00211-00138152-00138888 some strengths and therefore also evolutionary advantages so for example they're more likely to
W3LurvMoo3k-00212-00138888-00139344 account for the high linguistic capacities that many children who stammer are blessed
W3LurvMoo3k-00213-00139344-00139920 with and less likely to account for their relatively weak speech production capacities
W3LurvMoo3k-00214-00140160-00140952 in 2007 the swedish researcher per alm published the findings of his research into the potential
W3LurvMoo3k-00215-00140952-00141464 role that neurological damage stemming from head injuries and infectious diseases
W3LurvMoo3k-00216-00141536-00141800 may play in the onset of stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00217-00142008-00142440 for the research he questioned and tested two groups of adult sustama
W3LurvMoo3k-00218-00142520-00142984 one which had a family history of stammering one which did not
W3LurvMoo3k-00219-00143120-00143760 among other things his research revealed that 78 percent of the group of standards who had no
W3LurvMoo3k-00220-00143760-00144408 family history of stammering reported that they'd suffered head injuries or infectious diseases
W3LurvMoo3k-00221-00144408-00145080 shortly before their stem ring first began in contrast only 43 percent
W3LurvMoo3k-00222-00145080-00145784 of the stabbing participants with a family history of stammering reported having suffered such events
W3LurvMoo3k-00223-00145864-00146408 elm interpreted these findings as suggesting that neurological damage from head injuries
W3LurvMoo3k-00224-00146408-00147072 and infections and infectious diseases may constitute a key contributory factor towards
W3LurvMoo3k-00225-00147072-00147680 the onset of stammering in stammers who do not have a genetic predisposition to stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00226-00147888-00148512 interestingly elm also found that the group whose stammering started after head injuries
W3LurvMoo3k-00227-00148512-00149360 or infectious diseases often also experienced symptoms of adhd including hyperactivity and
W3LurvMoo3k-00228-00149360-00149984 difficulty maintaining attention to tasks and as a group they also tended to be slightly more anxious
W3LurvMoo3k-00229-00150128-00150680 in contrast adhd symptoms were much less frequent in the group of stammers with a
W3LurvMoo3k-00230-00150680-00151344 family history of stammering it's noteworthy that adhd is a condition stemming from an
W3LurvMoo3k-00231-00151344-00152048 under production of dopamine and al noted that it was possible that the types of neurological damage
W3LurvMoo3k-00232-00152048-00152632 that predisposed to stammering may be those that result in the reduction of the brain's capacity
W3LurvMoo3k-00233-00152632-00153400 to produce enough dopamine alms research suggested that people who spammer can be divided
W3LurvMoo3k-00234-00153400-00154064 into two groups those whose stammering is largely the result of a genetic predisposition and those
W3LurvMoo3k-00235-00154064-00154688 whose stammering is largely the result of brain damage and his research has clarified that each of
W3LurvMoo3k-00236-00154688-00155464 these groups has somewhat different characteristic symptoms for example spamming resulting from a
W3LurvMoo3k-00237-00155464-00156072 genetic predisposition is likely to begin at an early age and to affect boys and girls equally
W3LurvMoo3k-00238-00156168-00156704 such individuals are likely to have an above average intelligence and be socially well adjusted
W3LurvMoo3k-00239-00156872-00157344 although elm didn't mention this in his research it would seem likely also that such
W3LurvMoo3k-00240-00157344-00158072 children may tend to be born into high performing families and consequently may tend to be subjected
W3LurvMoo3k-00241-00158072-00158848 to relatively high linguistic demands in contrast the stammers without a genetic predisposition are
W3LurvMoo3k-00242-00158848-00159288 more likely to have experienced some sort of brain injury prior to the onset of their stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00243-00159384-00159944 they're more likely to be boys and the onset of such stammering is likely to be somewhat later
W3LurvMoo3k-00244-00159944-00160664 than the genetic type such children may often show symptoms of adhd such as high levels of
W3LurvMoo3k-00245-00160664-00161424 distractibility and reactivity and sometimes hyperactivity in terms of the capacities and
W3LurvMoo3k-00246-00161424-00161960 demands model one might expect that stammers without a genetic predisposition to stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00247-00161960-00162464 especially those who have suffered brain damage of some sort may tend to exhibit
W3LurvMoo3k-00248-00162464-00163056 more traits associated with diminished capacities rather than traits associated with high demands
W3LurvMoo3k-00249-00163344-00163896 if these two subtypes of stammering really do exist and there is now a lot of accumulated
W3LurvMoo3k-00250-00163896-00164360 evidence to suggest that they do then it follows that there must be a third
W3LurvMoo3k-00251-00164360-00164912 group of people who stammer who have both a genetic predisposition as well as brain damage
W3LurvMoo3k-00252-00165016-00165480 presumably such children would show symptoms characteristic of both subtypes
W3LurvMoo3k-00253-00165480-00166208 and in line with this may be subject to both high demands and to reduced capacities in the
W3LurvMoo3k-00254-00166208-00166768 next few slides i want to discuss some of the environmental influences that research
W3LurvMoo3k-00255-00166768-00167600 suggests are highly likely to predispose to stammering these are brain damage or degeneration
W3LurvMoo3k-00256-00167680-00168256 unhelpful learning unhelpful beliefs and traumatic experiences
W3LurvMoo3k-00257-00168560-00169072 i want to start by discussing stammering that starts following brain damage or brain
W3LurvMoo3k-00258-00169072-00169640 degeneration in adults this sort of stem ring is often called neurogenic stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00259-00169736-00170312 the best known examples of this are following strokes in which parts of the brain responsible
W3LurvMoo3k-00260-00170312-00171024 for speech or language production are damaged importantly however following a stroke stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00261-00171024-00171728 doesn't always start straight away it usually develops some weeks or months later and before it
W3LurvMoo3k-00262-00171728-00172520 develops the stroke patient's speech or language is often impaired in other ways commonly following
W3LurvMoo3k-00263-00172520-00173144 a stroke the first symptoms to emerge include word finding difficulties sentence formulation
W3LurvMoo3k-00264-00173144-00173800 difficulties an increase in speech errors and stiffness and difficulty moving speech muscles
W3LurvMoo3k-00265-00173944-00174480 the symptoms can be quite different in different individuals probably reflecting the fact that
W3LurvMoo3k-00266-00174480-00175152 different parts of the brain have been damaged then a few weeks later they start to produce
W3LurvMoo3k-00267-00175152-00175720 symptoms of stammering it often appears as though the stroke patient stammering starts
W3LurvMoo3k-00268-00175720-00176296 as a result of their unsuccessful attempts to rectify the language or speech symptoms that
W3LurvMoo3k-00269-00176296-00176920 have arisen as a direct result of their stroke or as i'll discuss in the next slideshow it may
W3LurvMoo3k-00270-00176920-00177408 result from their loss of confidence in their ability to speak well enough to be understood
W3LurvMoo3k-00271-00177488-00178256 and a consequent tendency to anticipate communication failure stammering also sometimes
W3LurvMoo3k-00272-00178256-00178872 starts in people suffering from parkinson's disease a chronic degenerative disorder resulting
W3LurvMoo3k-00273-00178872-00179520 from the degeneration of a part of the brain responsible for producing dopamine again the
W3LurvMoo3k-00274-00179520-00180192 same pattern seems to arise whereby before they start to stammer the parkinson's patient's speech
W3LurvMoo3k-00275-00180192-00180856 is affected in other ways most often his speech becomes weak and his speech muscle movements
W3LurvMoo3k-00276-00180856-00181520 become smaller and his speech rate becomes irregular the net result is speech that's
W3LurvMoo3k-00277-00181520-00182288 quiet and poorly articulated and often difficult for listeners to understand the stammering then
W3LurvMoo3k-00278-00182288-00182880 sometimes seems to start when the patient tries to make extra effort to compensate for these changes
W3LurvMoo3k-00279-00183088-00183520 of course strokes and parkinson's disease are conditions that generally affect
W3LurvMoo3k-00280-00183520-00184304 older people in contrast head injuries infections and fevers all of which can result in brain damage
W3LurvMoo3k-00281-00184368-00184912 can occur at any age and it's possible that a significant proportion of stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00282-00184912-00185456 that occurs in young children may start following these events in much the same way
W3LurvMoo3k-00283-00185512-00186200 as it does in stroke patients whose brains have been damaged by the stroke it's noteworthy that
W3LurvMoo3k-00284-00186200-00186816 head injuries are particularly common in young children especially young boys and this may
W3LurvMoo3k-00285-00186816-00187280 partially account for why stammering is seen more often in boys than in girls
W3LurvMoo3k-00286-00187576-00188248 the research findings published by alman reisberg in 2007 strongly suggested that
W3LurvMoo3k-00287-00188248-00188808 stammering in young children does indeed frequently arise following neurological damage
W3LurvMoo3k-00288-00188864-00189544 following head injuries and infectious diseases this raises the question what sort of brain
W3LurvMoo3k-00289-00189544-00190232 damage may predispose to stammering in young children in trying to answer this question
W3LurvMoo3k-00290-00190232-00190768 over the past few years researchers performed imaging studies in which they've scanned the
W3LurvMoo3k-00291-00190768-00191288 brains of young children who stammer and compared them to the brains of normally fluent children
W3LurvMoo3k-00292-00191408-00192072 in 2015 one such brain imaging study carried out by soo jung chang and her co-workers
W3LurvMoo3k-00293-00192144-00192696 at the university of michigan has provided some insights into the brain abnormalities
W3LurvMoo3k-00294-00192696-00193264 present in young children who stammer the study compared the brain structures
W3LurvMoo3k-00295-00193264-00193912 of 37 young children who stammer with those of normally fluent controls between 3 and 10 years
W3LurvMoo3k-00296-00193912-00194496 of age and they found that certain regions of the brains of the children who stammered
W3LurvMoo3k-00297-00194496-00195160 contain significantly less white matter than those same regions of the controls moreover they
W3LurvMoo3k-00298-00195160-00195712 also found that the children with the most severe stammers had the greatest deficits in white matter
W3LurvMoo3k-00299-00195928-00196384 because these differences were found in children very close to the onset of their stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00300-00196464-00196816 they were almost certainly present before the stammering began
W3LurvMoo3k-00301-00197016-00197336 in order to understand the significance of these findings
W3LurvMoo3k-00302-00197336-00197704 it's important to know a bit about the role of white matter in the brain
W3LurvMoo3k-00303-00197856-00198384 white matter is composed of fatty tissue called myelin which fulfills a similar role to the
W3LurvMoo3k-00304-00198384-00199056 plastic coating around electric wires it insulates the nerve cells so that they can conduct nerve
W3LurvMoo3k-00305-00199056-00199736 impulses quickly and efficiently with a minimum of leakage or short-circuiting if there's not enough
W3LurvMoo3k-00306-00199736-00200240 white matter the conduction of nerve impulses between different brain areas will be impeded
W3LurvMoo3k-00307-00200304-00200928 and as a result signals may take longer or may fail to reach the places that they need to reach
W3LurvMoo3k-00308-00201088-00201656 young children are always relatively deficient in white matter compared to older children and adults
W3LurvMoo3k-00309-00201768-00202272 and the amount of white matters surrounding nerve cells continues to increase right up until
W3LurvMoo3k-00310-00202272-00202896 children reach their teens so the deficiency in white matter found in the brains of children who
W3LurvMoo3k-00311-00202896-00203512 stammer compared to normally fluent children may actually constitute a developmental delay
W3LurvMoo3k-00312-00203512-00204056 in white matter growth which may sometimes resolve as those children grow older
W3LurvMoo3k-00313-00204280-00204808 it's not clear whether the deficiency in white matter that changing co-workers found in children
W3LurvMoo3k-00314-00204808-00205480 who stammer was the result of a genetic difference or the result of prior infections or injuries or
W3LurvMoo3k-00315-00205480-00206119 a mixture of the two interestingly there are certain degenerative diseases that result in
W3LurvMoo3k-00316-00206119-00206800 a decrease in myelination of nerve cells the best known being multiple sclerosis and there
W3LurvMoo3k-00317-00206800-00207528 have been some cases of adult onset stammering occurring as a complication of multiple sclerosis
W3LurvMoo3k-00318-00207800-00208223 the nerve tracts that were found to be most deficient in white matter in the children who
W3LurvMoo3k-00319-00208223-00208784 stammer included some that are especially important for the fine tuning of speech
W3LurvMoo3k-00320-00208880-00209496 these include the tracks that link the auditory cortex with the motor cortex which amongst other
W3LurvMoo3k-00321-00209496-00210040 things play a key role in enabling speakers to use their auditory feedback to monitor how
W3LurvMoo3k-00322-00210040-00210784 their speech sounds this finding is particularly relevant because functional brain imaging studies
W3LurvMoo3k-00323-00210784-00211223 have found evidence that suggests that staminas tend to monitor their auditory
W3LurvMoo3k-00324-00211223-00211767 feedback excessively and it's been known for many years since stammering severity
W3LurvMoo3k-00325-00211767-00212271 in people who stammer can be substantially reduced by interventions such as auditory
W3LurvMoo3k-00326-00212271-00213128 masking that prevent them from such monitoring in addition the nerve tracks in the corpus callosum
W3LurvMoo3k-00327-00213128-00213736 that joins the left and right halves of the brain were also found to be deficient in white matter
W3LurvMoo3k-00328-00213840-00214119 these nerve tracts support many roles and functions
W3LurvMoo3k-00329-00214184-00214752 and like the tracks that join the auditory and motor cortices they too play an important role in
W3LurvMoo3k-00330-00214752-00215304 enabling speakers to adjust their speech to take into account the needs of the speaking situation
W3LurvMoo3k-00331-00215408-00215808 in other words they support our pragmatic communication abilities
W3LurvMoo3k-00332-00216008-00216464 damage to the corpus callosum is quite common following brain injuries
W3LurvMoo3k-00333-00216464-00217000 and often results in an increased tendency for speakers to say things that are inappropriate to
W3LurvMoo3k-00334-00217000-00217719 the speaking situation in other words to make appropriateness errors there have also been
W3LurvMoo3k-00335-00217719-00218344 some published reports of adult onset stammering beginning following demyelination of the corpus
W3LurvMoo3k-00336-00218344-00219008 callosum following brain injuries and chronic degenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis
W3LurvMoo3k-00337-00219088-00220000 conversely more recent findings of a longitudinal study by chowan chang published in 2017 revealed
W3LurvMoo3k-00338-00220000-00220552 that deficiency in the white matter in these tracks of children who stammer sometimes resolves
W3LurvMoo3k-00339-00220552-00221192 as the children grow older and when this happens their stammering decreases or even disappears
W3LurvMoo3k-00340-00221367-00221919 one of the findings of per alms research was that compared to stammers with a family
W3LurvMoo3k-00341-00221919-00222576 history of stammering those who have no family history of stammering more frequently reported
W3LurvMoo3k-00342-00222576-00223160 that prior to their stammering onset they'd been hospitalized due to an infectious disease
W3LurvMoo3k-00343-00223160-00223760 or a closed head injury also a larger proportion of stammerers with no family history
W3LurvMoo3k-00344-00223816-00224184 reported that there had been complications surrounding their birth
W3LurvMoo3k-00345-00224400-00224952 to account for these findings and proposed in the paper published in 2004
W3LurvMoo3k-00346-00225040-00225504 that all of these events may have resulted in damage to a part of the brain called the
W3LurvMoo3k-00347-00225504-00226192 substantia nigra in the basal ganglia which is responsible for the production of dopamine
W3LurvMoo3k-00348-00226264-00226816 he also proposed that this damage may account for why the onset of stammering following such events
W3LurvMoo3k-00349-00226871-00227592 is often accompanied by symptoms of adhd which is known to stem from an under production of dopamine
W3LurvMoo3k-00350-00227744-00228392 dopamine is a neurotransmitter that fulfills many functions in the body including the regulation
W3LurvMoo3k-00351-00228392-00228912 of how easily muscle movements including speech muscle movements can be initiated
W3LurvMoo3k-00352-00229016-00229567 sometimes dopamine has been described as fulfilling a role similar to that of oil in
W3LurvMoo3k-00353-00229567-00230319 the car engine in as much as it keeps everything flowing smoothly when a person doesn't have
W3LurvMoo3k-00354-00230319-00230960 enough dopamine his movements become irregular and difficult to initiate and his muscles become stiff
W3LurvMoo3k-00355-00231088-00231776 doping also plays another role of enabling us to regulate where our attention goes and when
W3LurvMoo3k-00356-00231776-00232376 trying to perform actions people with deficient dopamine are likely to find themselves experienced
W3LurvMoo3k-00357-00232376-00232976 difficulty staying on task due to being excessively distracted by thoughts and events
W3LurvMoo3k-00358-00232976-00233767 and physical sensations in contrast in people with enough dopamine all these distracting stimuli are
W3LurvMoo3k-00359-00233767-00234384 suppressed by their dopamine leaving them free to focus on whatever task they're trying to achieve
W3LurvMoo3k-00360-00234616-00235088 although there's not yet any firm evidence to support this dopamine hypothesis of stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00361-00235152-00235567 it does fit well with many of the observations that have been made
W3LurvMoo3k-00362-00235567-00236136 in relation to stammering that occurs in the absence of any family history of stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00363-00236304-00236800 it also fits well with the observation that stammering sometimes returns in old age
W3LurvMoo3k-00364-00236800-00237496 following the onset of parkinson's disease which is caused by degeneration of the substantia nigra
W3LurvMoo3k-00365-00237552-00237848 and related loss of the ability to produce dopamine
W3LurvMoo3k-00366-00238016-00238688 i'm also hypothesized that in some people who stammer in particular those with a family history
W3LurvMoo3k-00367-00238688-00239336 of stammering stammering may be related to an abnormally high production of dopamine and there
W3LurvMoo3k-00368-00239336-00239840 is indeed some evidence from pharmalogical and brain imaging studies to support this
W3LurvMoo3k-00369-00239952-00240504 so it seems that stammering may be related to either too little or too too much dopamine
W3LurvMoo3k-00370-00240560-00241456 depending on whether its origin is environmental or genetic in recent years thanks largely to some
W3LurvMoo3k-00371-00241456-00242152 influential publications by trauma specialists peter levine and bessel van der kolk there's been
W3LurvMoo3k-00372-00242152-00242776 a general increase in public interest in the role that traumatic experiences play in predisposing
W3LurvMoo3k-00373-00242776-00243456 people to a number of psychological disorders this has prompted a corresponding increase in interest
W3LurvMoo3k-00374-00243456-00244064 in the possible role that trauma and traumatic experiences may play in the onset of stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00375-00244208-00244816 in contrast since the 1980s mainstream stammering researchers have tended to reject
W3LurvMoo3k-00376-00244816-00245352 the theory that stammering in children can come about as a result of psychological trauma
W3LurvMoo3k-00377-00245416-00245792 and have often argued that there's no reliable evidence to support it
W3LurvMoo3k-00378-00245936-00246464 in adults although it's generally accepted that stammering can come about as a result of brain
W3LurvMoo3k-00379-00246464-00247040 damage again the possibility that it might have a purely psychological origin has been
W3LurvMoo3k-00380-00247040-00247736 generally disregarded certainly cases of so-called psychogenic stammering have been reported from
W3LurvMoo3k-00381-00247736-00248271 time to time however psychogenic stammering has generally been considered to constitute
W3LurvMoo3k-00382-00248271-00248808 a completely different disorder unrelated to neurogenic and developmental stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00383-00248952-00249688 however in 2010 a review article by christine lundgren and co-workers compared the findings
W3LurvMoo3k-00384-00249688-00250304 of a number of published studies of neurogenic and psychogenic stammering and concluded that
W3LurvMoo3k-00385-00250304-00250784 these two types of stammering are far more similar in nature than prior publications
W3LurvMoo3k-00386-00250784-00251464 suggest and it's often not possible to distinguish between them on the basis of observable symptoms
W3LurvMoo3k-00387-00251576-00252352 more recently in 2018 a review by rocco norman co-workers have acquired stammering in veterans
W3LurvMoo3k-00388-00252352-00252823 of the wars in iraq and afghanistan have suggested that the onset of stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00389-00252823-00253367 following psychological trauma is in fact a common occurrence in war situations
W3LurvMoo3k-00390-00253367-00254064 where psychological trauma is highly likely to occur and specifically in the review they state
W3LurvMoo3k-00391-00254119-00255048 and i quote of the 235 veterans with an acquired stammering diagnosis 5.6 of them had traumatic
W3LurvMoo3k-00392-00255048-00255928 brain injury only as a diagnosis 30.6 percent had post-traumatic stress disorder only as a diagnosis
W3LurvMoo3k-00393-00256016-00256728 and 43.4 percent had both post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury
W3LurvMoo3k-00394-00256728-00257584 as a diagnosis these findings from the norman et al review strongly suggest that in adults the
W3LurvMoo3k-00395-00257584-00258304 onset of stammering can indeed occur as a result of purely psychological trauma and if this is
W3LurvMoo3k-00396-00258304-00258823 the case for adults then it seems probable that it must also be the case for children
W3LurvMoo3k-00397-00259104-00259784 in addition to reports of spammering arising in soldiers as a complication of ptsd the
W3LurvMoo3k-00398-00259784-00260256 case histories biographies and personal accounts of ordinary civilians who stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00399-00260312-00260704 frequently tell the story of how their stammering began suddenly
W3LurvMoo3k-00400-00260704-00261167 following a traumatic experience the most common such scenario
W3LurvMoo3k-00401-00261167-00261632 being at school when they were required to stand up and speak in front of their class
W3LurvMoo3k-00402-00261848-00262424 many of these individuals are still able years later to vividly describe their experiences
W3LurvMoo3k-00403-00262424-00263040 of the first time that they got stuck and many of them would insist that prior to that traumatic
W3LurvMoo3k-00404-00263040-00263728 experience they'd not been in any way afraid of stammering and did not stammer of course it's
W3LurvMoo3k-00405-00263728-00264208 always possible that they did stammer prior to their experience but were simply not aware
W3LurvMoo3k-00406-00264208-00264888 of it but whatever the case it seems that prior to their traumatic experience they did not have
W3LurvMoo3k-00407-00264888-00265544 a stammering problem in as much as their daily life was not blighted by the fear of stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00408-00265768-00266344 for researchers to confirm beyond any doubt that such traumatic speaking experiences
W3LurvMoo3k-00409-00266344-00266896 caused a stammering problem they would have to have fully investigated the child's speech
W3LurvMoo3k-00410-00266896-00267488 before the traumatic event occurred in order to be sure that his stammering or his stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00411-00267488-00268144 problem started at that point however because it's impossible to know in advance which
W3LurvMoo3k-00412-00268144-00268800 children will have such experiences such reliable corroborative evidence has never been produced
W3LurvMoo3k-00413-00268928-00269544 nevertheless on the basis of what individual standards say it's highly likely that such
W3LurvMoo3k-00414-00269544-00270224 traumatic speaking experiences can play a major role in the onset of stammering in some school
W3LurvMoo3k-00415-00270224-00270984 age children statistically speaking children who experience such late onset spammering are
W3LurvMoo3k-00416-00270984-00271512 less likely to recover compared to children whose stammering started before they were old enough to
W3LurvMoo3k-00417-00271512-00272488 go to school in the 1970s oliver bloodstein at the university of iowa developed what came to be
W3LurvMoo3k-00418-00272488-00273280 known as the anticipatory struggle hypothesis of stammering essentially bloodstein proposed that
W3LurvMoo3k-00419-00273280-00273984 many different factors genetic physiological and environmental may cause a child to repeatedly
W3LurvMoo3k-00420-00273984-00274592 experience communication failure and give a child the impression that verbal communication
W3LurvMoo3k-00421-00274592-00275208 is difficult and that he has to try very hard to make himself understood to his listeners
W3LurvMoo3k-00422-00275416-00275968 bloodstein suggested that children start to stammer because having experienced many
W3LurvMoo3k-00423-00275968-00276464 experiences of communication failure and having arrived at this conclusion
W3LurvMoo3k-00424-00276464-00277184 that speaking is difficult they start to put too much effort into speaking and in particular they
W3LurvMoo3k-00425-00277184-00277792 developed the habit of tensing their muscles and focusing on trying to say just one word at a time
W3LurvMoo3k-00426-00278104-00278784 unfortunately rather than improving their chances of successful communication these strategies just
W3LurvMoo3k-00427-00278784-00279360 make them more disfluent and so they fall into a vicious circle where their excessive
W3LurvMoo3k-00428-00279360-00279920 efforts to make themselves understood result in speech that is less clear and less fluent
W3LurvMoo3k-00429-00280000-00280432 which then reinforces their tendency to make excessive effort while speaking
W3LurvMoo3k-00430-00280680-00281192 although available evidence doesn't support bloodstein's proposal that stammerers'
W3LurvMoo3k-00431-00281192-00281728 strategies of tension and fragmentation cause stammering it remains quite possible
W3LurvMoo3k-00432-00281784-00282392 that repeated experiences of communication failure may well cause a child or indeed an adult
W3LurvMoo3k-00433-00282464-00283024 to conclude that speaking is difficult and this belief may in turn cause him
W3LurvMoo3k-00434-00283024-00283552 to react to speaking situations in ways that have the unintended consequence of
W3LurvMoo3k-00435-00283552-00284040 impairing his ability to initiate the timely execution of his planned speech
W3LurvMoo3k-00436-00284280-00284808 i'll talk more about this hypothesis and its ramifications in the next slideshow
W3LurvMoo3k-00437-00285040-00285656 as i mentioned earlier it's possible to be subject to several predisposing factors and
W3LurvMoo3k-00438-00285656-00286336 yet never to develop a stammer nevertheless the more predisposing factors one is subjected to
W3LurvMoo3k-00439-00286336-00286808 the greater the likelihood that sooner or later stammering symptoms will occur
W3LurvMoo3k-00440-00286808-00287424 and a stammering problem will develop and just as there are many factors that
W3LurvMoo3k-00441-00287424-00287968 predispose to stammering there are also many factors that can potentially trigger
W3LurvMoo3k-00442-00287968-00288696 moments of stammering indeed there are an almost infinite number of possible triggers including
W3LurvMoo3k-00443-00288696-00289312 particular sounds particular words particular topics speaking situations listeners and so on
W3LurvMoo3k-00444-00289488-00290184 however if one looks at what lies behind these triggers more often than not they tend to be
W3LurvMoo3k-00445-00290184-00290880 associated with one or more of the following the anticipation of communication failure
W3LurvMoo3k-00446-00290984-00291568 the perception of the need to speak more clearly and accurately in order to be heard or misunder
W3LurvMoo3k-00447-00291568-00292272 or understood the fear of eliciting negative responses from the people one's trying to talk to
W3LurvMoo3k-00448-00292400-00292888 sometimes the fear that one's communication attempt may result in social rejection
W3LurvMoo3k-00449-00293176-00293848 most of these triggers arise in a speaker because the speaking situation reminds him of similar
W3LurvMoo3k-00450-00293848-00294520 situations in which his speech did indeed result in communication failure or misunderstandings
W3LurvMoo3k-00451-00294808-00295400 different people are susceptible to to different triggers but whatever
W3LurvMoo3k-00452-00295400-00295856 the trigger the effect is similar it results in difficulty initiating
W3LurvMoo3k-00453-00295912-00296368 or moving forward with the motor execution of whatever it is that one wants to say
W3LurvMoo3k-00454-00296736-00297456 so just to recap we know that some people have a strong predisposition to stammering and that
W3LurvMoo3k-00455-00297456-00297968 some of this predisposition may be inherited and some of it may come about as a result of
W3LurvMoo3k-00456-00297968-00298696 the things that happen in people's lives because this is a difficult area to research we cannot
W3LurvMoo3k-00457-00298696-00299432 be a hundred percent sure what the predisposing factors in a person are nevertheless available
W3LurvMoo3k-00458-00299432-00300088 evidence from brain imaging studies suggests that insufficient white matter in certain regions of
W3LurvMoo3k-00459-00300088-00300808 the brain can predispose people to stammering as can an under or overproduction of dopamine
W3LurvMoo3k-00460-00300992-00301304 similarly available evidence from behavioural studies
W3LurvMoo3k-00461-00301376-00301848 and accounts from individual stammerers suggest that traumatic experiences
W3LurvMoo3k-00462-00301920-00302584 and speech-related unhelpful beliefs can also predispose people to stammering
W3LurvMoo3k-00463-00302640-00303224 then in people who are predisposed to stammering actual moments of stammering may be triggered by
W3LurvMoo3k-00464-00303224-00303856 a wide variety of stimuli including fear of one's speech eliciting negative responses
W3LurvMoo3k-00465-00303968-00304528 anticipation that one speech will result in communication failure the perception of a
W3LurvMoo3k-00466-00304528-00305384 need to speak more accurately and fear that one's speech performance may lead to social rejection
W3LurvMoo3k-00467-00305488-00306184 so if we put all of these observations together we can start to see a common pattern first of all
W3LurvMoo3k-00468-00306288-00306872 the combination of predisposing factors limits the person's ability to speak as clearly and
W3LurvMoo3k-00469-00306872-00307200 accurately as they think the speaking situation requires
W3LurvMoo3k-00470-00307376-00307960 then memories of past experiences of having failed to communicate or of having elicited
W3LurvMoo3k-00471-00307960-00308584 negative responses in similar speaking situations leave that person to anticipate
W3LurvMoo3k-00472-00308584-00309296 that his current communication attempt will result in failure or will elicit more negative responses
W3LurvMoo3k-00473-00309472-00310144 then in response to this anticipation he tries as hard as he can to speak more clearly
W3LurvMoo3k-00474-00310144-00310992 and accurately in order to increase his chances of success unfortunately however the harder he tries
W3LurvMoo3k-00475-00310992-00311608 to speak clearly and accurately the more disfluent he becomes and the more likely he is to stammer
W3LurvMoo3k-00476-00311760-00312376 and because stammering diminishes the clarity of his speech as he tries harder his chances of
W3LurvMoo3k-00477-00312376-00313056 success go down rather than up and as a result he finds himself trapped in a vicious circle
W3LurvMoo3k-00478-00313112-00313856 whereby the anticipation of communication failure causes him to stammer and a stammering causes him
W3LurvMoo3k-00479-00313856-00314664 to anticipate further communication failure ironically many of the underlying impairments
W3LurvMoo3k-00480-00314664-00315368 that predisposed to stammering tend to become less severe as people grow older so for example
W3LurvMoo3k-00481-00315368-00316008 the white matter surrounding cell axons continues to develop and deficiency of white matter in young
W3LurvMoo3k-00482-00316008-00316768 children often disappears by the time they reach their teens similarly thanks to brain plasticity
W3LurvMoo3k-00483-00316856-00317440 brains can often recover much of the functioning that they've lost due to brain injuries or strokes
W3LurvMoo3k-00484-00317576-00318144 so it's quite possible that in many older children and adults who stammer the underlying
W3LurvMoo3k-00485-00318144-00318792 impairments that initially predispose them to stammering may actually have largely ris resolved
W3LurvMoo3k-00486-00318984-00319536 so once a vicious circle is established and the child who stammers has developed the habit
W3LurvMoo3k-00487-00319536-00320112 of trying harder to speak clearly and accurately whenever he anticipates communication failure
W3LurvMoo3k-00488-00320176-00320720 his stammering is likely to continue to occur even if the underlying impairments
W3LurvMoo3k-00489-00320720-00321144 that originally predisposed him to it have diminished or disappeared
W3LurvMoo3k-00490-00321288-00321912 this hypothesis that stammering may persist after the initial predisposing factors have disappeared
W3LurvMoo3k-00491-00321912-00323048 has has been named the gone but not forgotten hypothesis